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1 
H
ľԼķæµţҵһˣѾĻƱԼ
ѾǵãԼǵڼνغõ򿪣ĶóַŽȥغ䣬ٴˡ
侲ҪԼҵһͻ޲̲ϳɻȥ
Ѿˣ꣬ûзҪȡǸ˵ϵʽ
ʱʶˣûеõκιǸ˵Ϣû֪ȥҲûܸϵϡ
һν򿪣ľ޵ߣϡ
ǵʢģ·ͼݵʱ򣬿ڴ߿һɫĶ
ߴձߴɫĶߣӳĲӵϸ𪡣
ţ۾ضе鱾ԵƯ
Ҳ֪ԼʱЩʲôʶıóֻ뽫һĻ
յ죬ƺǾڿˣתͷӴ˽ȥΪһɫϸɴ
ϸսУһ˲䣬·УƬǿա
ԭأþ޷ЦǱɫۡ
磬֮˽ֻ֮Լ֪һۣǸ˷ļϣţš
ʱ찡ľ૳ǰߵ̫æĻﶼ˵
֮ļֻ꣬Ҫʱ䣬ͻȥǸУʼմ̽κϢ
ת˳ڻľޡ
㡣ľ޽ϣҲվ
ʰˣһľ޷ڴϵ䡣
ľӣЩ˼ĵ˵ͷ
尢㲻õģһտġľ޵䣬Ѿͷ̫ǿˣôһ죬㶼Ըǰ
ľһɫĵԭ⣬Ѿôˣܹģʵ޵Ľ
ǰڷżڼ⿴ĸȴһʱ˳ٴѹʱѾһ֮ˡ
һҵ˾Ϊ˳渶ĸ߰ҽҩѣľѡǩԼڵֹ˾
һʼʱǲԸģΪľǸʱѧ˼ҽҩѺѧȵš
ȵľԺˣȥͿˣɶľ˵޷İõĽİһֱѧҵ
ټĸĸ˵ĻҪأڵķҲһ֣ľ޲Ը鷳
ڴѧڼҲӴһЩ㹤ټòҲûʲô޵ģֻҪŬټİܹȦվȽŸġ
Ҳͱľ˵ˣǩԼĹ˾
ľҲûй츳Ҳ֪Ŭ̶꣬ȡ۵ĳɼ
ҪϢѾˡ򴽣˲ЦݵľޣҲ̲סǡ
棬ľ޸оԼЩҧҧԼ⣬ŽĻ˵ڡ
ľ޵ͷЩŮһԼõϢЩ֪οˡ
һôʲſڣѧҵԺͽ֡
֡ľ޵۾һ֣˵ǹֹ˾ľͷˡ
ѧ֣һ;貵ġ
ľЩ˷ܣ˷ܹʶЩ̫Ծˡ
ѧ㣬Ľ֣նԷ㣬һԷϢûа
ò˽ϵʽҲܹڵӣ΢ָĵطԷŶ԰
ˣûκεĵطǸ˵ϢѧĽ
ԡüģԴӱľްеƽϢ֮һֱͦĵġ
ڹ⣬ԽչҲ̸˳ҲֱŵõһȷеϢ
ȷʵǩԼ֣ǣΪ˹˾߲㣬ǩԼڣһֱѩص״̬̫á
﹫˾߲㣿ľĥĥȦ̲ˮ⼸ȦҲǶԴһ֪ġ
Ϊ⼸ߵĻƽ˳ټӰ֮ݵλһӾˡ
Ҳû˸ҸʹʲôСˣ֪ģľҲ֪ġ
ľսȭͷѧȻĴǸʲô˾߲㣬Ҷѧ㱧˼
ⲻľ޵գǱҶ㰲źˡ
⻰ľ޾ǸͻȻйƤһ㣬ˣѧԸ
ǰ֮һϢûУ֮ĿԵʲôûзƤǰ
ϣԼᣬҪ
һµʱ䣬ٴѹʱһжѾ˷ˡ
ֻǳбˣͨǸѾϵĵ绰ʱõȴĹػʾ
ҵˣɵõĻشȴǣԷѾǰҵ뿪ѧУû֪ȥǩǼҹ˾
ȵܹɻʱҲѾ֮ˣصѧУȥʦõǸ˵ļͥסַ
ŽڴֲǸطΪڿԼ˼ҹˡ
ȴ֪ǰͰطҲǸʱľ޲֪ѧģȻһûôĵַ


2 
һľ޵ĺϣĵǰһ¡
㡣ľֱӣߵˡ
Сľޣһ㶼㰡
ЦеĿľޣɲһԷ˰ѧ㲻㣬Ͳһȥ𲻸ҳǰ
Ҫȥľ͵վһ죬Ѿˡ
ҪȥصǸ˵ߣ㡭Ǹһ㶼ټˡ
ʶǸСľްдۣľж࣬ǿġ
ǰ飬˭Ը⿴ģûԸ⿴鷢ֻϣľһλȥܹϲ˽⿪ᡣ
ľգлл㡣
ľ޻ָ˾Ҳ˿ˣФҪһعѾݽ˴ְ棬ڡ
һʱ䣬Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
ľһ£Фľ޵ʼһֱˡ
ҲѾǺܺõˣԵĻľȻҲϣФܹԼһع
Ͼദ꣬ФĸϰָƣҪһȻҲ᲻Ӧġ
Фļ˶ߣľҲû顣
Фˣع֮߻ҪиϤڵġ
Ҳ֪ľ޵ĹǣڣҲѾˣФԼˡ
ľ޻˵Щʲôһα˸ƿˣģһ䣬βЦݲõŮ
ľʦˡФ꽫Źϣһԣĳ嵽ľ޵ǰ
ľʦϲⲻ⣿ŮϵЦرĲãһҵģ
ľƿſҪԼϵ֮ǰôһڷ綼¶
ФһЦⲻľʦ̫ˣԸԾȴְȻˡ
ľЩΣҲǲԸ㣬尢̶㡭
ФЦĵľʦǲ֪˵ҪľʦعչʱҰ趼޲̽Ҵľʦ͹ء
Ф˫ֱȻţЩҲ֪Ұɶķ˿뿪ʱǻһֱڶңһҪչ˺㡣
֪ģҶҪһǼˡ
ľ̲סЦФԸʮֵĿʻȻȥֵģȴǸʮϸĵˡ
ʱ⣬Ĳ̫ƣҲΪиС̫һФڡ
ˣʱҲˣ컹ҪϷɻϢɡһʱ䣬ʲô飬ǵø绰
šľޱ˱
뿪֮ľФ껹û˵仰㱻ȥϢˡ
ڴϣľȴǷȥ˯ţԺ棬ѾȫǸ˵Ӱˡ
룬Ǹ֮ĵһ仰Ҫ˵Щʲô˵֮Ǹֻ˵Щʲô
ľ˫ۿŷԼҪϽϢ
Ҫӵȥѧ㣬ڴֿ飬ľǿԼ˫ۡ


3 
ľʦ㻹ðɡФ꿴ľ΢΢֣ܽš
ľ޽Լ΢΢ַŽ˿㶵˿û¡
ຽ࣬ͻصǸ˵ĳУصǸĵط
ľ޳ԼڽţģڴϣͿԼѧˡ
ľʦҪǻˡФ꽫ľ޵ķӦΪ˽顣
ƽ飬ľ޲ûжԵڶ˵ԣФҲ֪ƽĴڡ
С꣬һѡľ޿ŵǻڣͻȻЩˡ
ססģԺͳ˺ܶ뷨ѧѾϲˡ
ѧˣöľ޵Ժ֮вͣķӿţͻȻ;ãԼЩˡ
ľʦҰФҲЩľ޽ʵ̫ˣǽӣҲôذ
ľ˿˳ФЦЦûˣǵǻɡ
Ф˷Լñܣǰ潡ɵľޣʵ벻׶Էô¡
ľ޸쳿ֺͬڣ׼ԼϢľϷɻʱ򣬲ű͸©ý塣
֮󣬾Ϣ͸©ľ޼֡
ľڹڵķ˿֪Ϣʱ򣬶һףڷİ֣Ҫ֪Ϣʵȡ
ֵ΢£ҲޱȵȻҵôʲһ
Ƕһ˼ľӰ󵽵׻᲻֡
Щ˿ֱܵľ޵΢£ȥұ֤ˡ
ҹںܶ˵עһ֮ҹ
ľ޵bеʱѾˣӻ߰ŵġ
ǰʱ䣬عʱһΪƽϢһΪľ޵ĺͬˡ
Ҳ˵еѾ̸ˣھ͵ľǩˡ
ľʦȥϢȥ˾
ȥ˾ɡľժīԷôˣǾ˵˾Ǳߣ϶ǵǩͬء
ҪǣľҲ뿴ƽĵطǸʲôĵط
֮󣬹˾ĸ߲㶼ڣʹ͹°ʱˣЩȴûһ뿪
Ϊǹ˾ӭһӰȻǹֹ˾ľͷ
⼸꣬ǹ˾Ҳ»ƣȻҲ˲ٵǡ
⼸꣬ȴûһӰӰۣ⼸Ȧݼˣʵ̫ˡ
вܵˣҲô׾Ϳھġ
ľӰ󣬿ľޣ˶վ
ľ޳˵˵ͷ̸̬϶ô磬Ҳ̫䵭
ǰ⼸ɨĬĬĲ²ţǸˣǺѧ㱻ѩصˡ
߷мǸ˵ϣľ޲²⣬ȥֵģͷҲһ˿ˡ
᲻ǸҪ˺ѧʱԷˡ
ҽ
ܡľվԷԼ֡
ֵĴʼˣ֮ǰ˵ԷǸֱˡ
һľ޵֣ɿˣľ˵ǸղŽɲˡ
ľӰǺͬһ£߻ûʲô⡱ͬݸľޡ
ľ޽ӹͬķҳ͸̸ˣݺͬҲˣ˵ģǾԲԿġ
ֻǣľӣ֮ǰ˵Ϊһ硱
ԡ˵һŮˣֱߵľ籾ݸľޡ
ľַҳһװ磬֮󣬾ͽ籾Ϸһߣи
˵
ҪɫľӣŮңģǿ⡣ԣǺ뽫Ůѧ㡣
Ϊѧ䣬ҲģҲǲʵġ
⡭һۣЩԥŮϷݺأѾ˺ʵѡˡ
ܹӰϷǿǿ飬ôȻҲԼ˾ϵġ


4 
ŮѾѡˣԼʲôҲ̸ˣʱԼɲ̫á
˵ֱߵһˣȥͦģģľ޿ûкԣԼʱ̰Ϳ
ľ޲ɫջߣˣǵƽѩص˰ɡ
һĨɫľ޳ָнôţ֪λŮŵѡ˭أ֪Ȩ룬һеİɣ
ѩ㡣ڵģǸľ޵ݾ籾ǸŮˣЩ΢ĲǶλѩ㲢ˡ
ľ޴ӿڴֻһ£ѩҲһŵ˽⡣
ֻһӣܣǵĳ𣿡
ľ޵ָ˵ֻ棬ѩǺϲոջعҸϵ˺ܲò̫
˵ǩ֮󣬴һͬ˾ˣ޿ɺǵ飬ǣôһλ
ľЦһһе㺦زҰ
ľӰˣѩ㲻ˡ˵ʱ򣬻ƲסԼ̰ߣһֱͣľϿ
λǣľֱӣһ
λǹ˾Ķ𡣡һļ
ľü¶°֪λѩʲôˣ
ǹ˾ǩԼˡ˳ԼǿԼߴľ޵ջ
ľ޺Ưãˣֻ֮ǰҪǱȴܾƽܹ֮Ტˡ
ƽһֱûзģȴһֱûʺֵĻᡣ
Դӱвѩ֮ƽϾͲڹ˾ˣ֣ҲҲᡣ
ȻɫӹɵģȻҲľ޵ļ룬˵ζʲô
ƽľҪǲ˵ʲôģһɫѣԷҪˣɿھˡ
뵽ѩ㣬ãԼҪȡһµġ
ǴӦѩģһŮľ޺ġ
ǹϵΪӵ飬Ȼô׾ܹЭġ
ʲô˶ҵѪϲˡ
ľ򴽣ϣܿó
ðһ䣬ľӰλأȻҲãĺûӦԼ˾ˡ
ҲǷֲصˣľΪŮŵɫԸǩԼˣǿɾ͵òʧˡ
ľ޷ʶսˣӸʶĸֱˡ
Ҳǹ˾ˣһܲõģôǻֹ˾ġ
ľ޵ȻǵģľԱߵФ꣬ȴʶĿľһۡ
ľˣ˵Ƕľ޺˽ˣȻֳܹЩġ
ǹ˾ˣ˶Щȣǹ˾ȻиľӰʶ˭
˰ǹ˾ܹеֵģˣڸԵԺһ顣
֪ľӰʶģǹ˾һλأ
ӱȽģѾڿǣҪúõһλľӰʶˡ
ľӰЯټǵĴ֧֣Ҳ֣ڲõĽҲһλӰˡ
ǿľʶˣһҲǷǳˣݼǾûġ
Ү𣿡ôһŮԱ
ǹ˾Үݼ˵ǰģҮǱѾеˣҪŮţǵŲ
ΪԭŮţҲ䵽ѩϰ
Үǹ˾ľѩˣȻϲǣںҲǺ찡
ҲʶҮľЩ߻ʲôû˵أЩ˾Ѿ½˰
ǣӣҲǾЩΣûзأǾͿʼ뵱Ȼˡ
ľ޳Ĭһ£ˣ¶ӦǲİģУƽ
Ծת³ʱ
ľ޾ãǸ˵֣;ؿйůģģɬɬġ
ƽ͵վҲΪĶײˣžĻң
¶ôʲôľƵĿڣΪʲô£Żôţ
ɫЩѿƽǱպǩ˾ġ
պڹ˾ĵλߣֻһôľˣǩԼҲ߲̫ע
ù͵ùڣڴƽ˾ʱײҲǴǸʱ
ƽͱˣպϣȻûκεʤģĴѹ£ҲֻԽԽˡ
ûпǽӷãһƽ˻ȥֻһΣߣʱʱľƮˡ
ƽǹ˾ˣ㿴ңҿ㣬󶼽߷ϡ
ľ޸ղ˵ĻղŵķӦ˵֪ˡ
ôˡһԼҼΣ˳ĵǲУ̫䵭ˣ̫
⻰һ˽ˣЩ̫Ծˡ
ĻǾ;Ǹˣ϶˶ԷҪǱʲôġ
ȴԷܾˣȻĻԷһûС
УľϬĿ𣬡¶ѧ֮ϵġ
⼸ܹ꣬ѧһЩõԴ֣Ҳܻܹ˶ûа
ľĺܷŭѧô㣬쵰ѧ㣬һǱĴڡ
ľ޵Ļļ˶ըˣ⻰˼˵Ǵ˿һӰĻ
ܼڵЩʲô̫ʺʱ𣬲ô˵ŮţõĻǹ˾ˡ
ǲûгԿңҲǿԼľЩĻᣬǶԷպȻҪúõƶһ¼ƻġ
ͰľӰ˼վ
ľùʣںͬǩԼֲվ֣졣
졣ͬʵһҲˣָԼֱߵŮˡ
λףǹ˾ĽƾˣԺľӰľˣ֣ʽľӰġ
׽㣬Ժ鷳ˡľ޵ЦǷĵģ׵ӡͦġ
ӦġҲ¶һĨЦûмľ֮ǰ
ЩλľӰǸദˣڼ˱֮ŷ֣Ǹƽ׽˵ˡ
סѾźˣǹȥ
ľ޿䣬Цһ£׽㣬ȥ䡣˵꣬Ҳ׻ش𣬱ԼĴȣȥˣ䡣


5 
ָմڿϣͿһЦеľޣſϿԼ
ľ޵̲ס˸飬˫ָʶı㻤סľ޵ǸһֶԷᳯŵĸо
ľӰǲߴط䡣
ľţʶ֡˵գЦеĽŹˣ¶µġ
̲סһһ˵Ůŵ飬Ӧú˷ܲǡ
ڣľ޵Цܾйɺβ׵ֱš
㣬ʲô˿ڿˮ̲סһ
ľԼĴȣ͵ǰץ죬ǽϡ
¶£ҵѧ㣬⼸ǳչ˰ľ޵ɤ䣬ϵЦݣȴˡ
Ц֪Σգ֪ӦԶ룬ȴǻ̲סΪ֮٣̲סҪС
ѧƽ 뵽֮ǰڻҷ飬ԭľɫ֮е
ڿľ˫˫ʱ̲ס˸ʲôûж˵ʲôûü
ľ޵ַĲϣĿסĲӣҾ㣬ԺѧԶһ㡣
˵仰ľ޵ϥǺݺһҽһɫɷףͷҲ亹
ľһǽ˫Լġҵʹ⣬ôʱһ仰˵ˡ
ľ֣¶£ҪٴѧˣҪ֪ˣ㻹ѧ㱧뷨Ҹұ֤Ǹʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
ݺݵĵľޣ˵Ǿҵʹ⣬ȴĻɤۡ
˵ľ޽ԼĽţӶԷ˻ľ޿һεĽѵӦܹúõĳˡ
ѧ㣬ôˣܹǵġ
ľʦ㡭ҽˣ˹ֻǡ
۾ٴοһϵ⼸֡
ãҪôԼ۾⣬ҪôԼͻȻʶˣҪȻԼֻþˡ
ȻĻľΪʲô߳ûпĻ
񿴵ˣϻ˸ˣüģǸˡ
šľͷʲôˡ˵Ṧľ޻Ÿˣ׵ߡ
죬ľһ޹ģͻȻЩͷۡ
ѾˣڲõĽΪľ޴Ѵѵͷˡ
׽㣬ˣǿԻȥľգգ۾Եرĵɰ
򴽣̱Щˣַ˷Լ۾ǺˣľӰǸˡ
ľ޳׵˵ͷһ뿪ˡ
ľӰԺҪסĵطˣİϵͳƣʲôĵط߿Э̡
ľ޸ڷתһȦҺ⣬׽㣬Ժľ޾ͺˣôġ
á˵ѾվʱҲˣľӰ󣬲ǣľޣϢľ޲ͬ׸˿ڡ
׽㣬·Сġľ޽˳ȥ
֮Ф̴ľʦǸ
ФԼıӣӵҪʣֲ֪Լòʡ
˵飬ľҲûж˵ǲʣ־͡
㲻Ͻϴ˯ȥľФͷڲûҪߵ
ФͷʵʵĻطˡ
Ŵҹɫľ޵һĨ͵Ĺ⡣
졭
ͿԼѧɣǣԼԺ󣬻ʲôӦ
ǻǰһԼЦػʶʱһޱ


6 
պЩţЩһжҪӵǸ绰˵
һ죬һʰ֮󣬾׼ȥֵһĻԵ˵гˡ
أͽӵ˹˾ܵĵ绰
պ쵱ʱЩܳһС͸ֵҲֻмһֱʮСǡ
ΨһһûƽΪˣֱӴѹһͷĻᶼûˡ
ԣڴϰ˵ƽȥ˾ʱպӶǣ˾ǲҪˡ
ȡһݹףĴ˾
ʹ۵ľˣнˮҲǷǳɹ۵ģ뿪֡
һûУһɼûеҲһݻڵĹҪõĹ
ȻҲһ䣬Էһ䣬֪֮ˣ͸պֱᵽ˰ա
ָõ뷨һһð˳
պЩǵˣôƽҵġ
պ㣬û°ɡƽ˽պһͲ״̬
ƽ˰ɳϣ˱ˮպУպ㣬ʲô
ϰȥ˾һˡպ˿ˮû˵ʲô顣
ƽ򴽣ϰ塱
ԣܣԸҴĵ绰պһԼ˼ܾûô򵥡
ˣ϶һܹĻᣬϢ֮뵽ģȫǲõ顣
պãϰ岻ĹҪȻϰ绰ЩܳҪˣҲĲ
ƽ仰ʱ򣬵һӦҲǣı
ʵҲĲܹô룬սȦ飬ûа취ȥöȥˡ
պ㣬һ£һ·ƽվ߽ҡ
ƽ뿪ıӰպ콫صһţʲô˵ģͿ
պҲˣƽܹԼȻõġ
ǸʱƽͲŻ첻һó
ƽǰμģΪĴѹ⼸ŻһļûС
ϰҲǸûɫģ͸ƽһ뿪ˣԼҲõΥԼ顣
պ˿¶˾֮ͻȻ;Ҳûôˡ
ƽǩȦģ⼸꣬ûƽѩء
һ룬ЩԲסƽֵµЩˣǸǻıƽҪð
ֻƽշתڸ飬Լȡ׵Ľɫ
ôãݼҲԾס򣬿ɾΪλߵĴѹ˾ͱˡ
պ㣬߰ɡƽŵĴϣպǡ
պƽǲʲôʱ򿴣޷ƿߣĿ˵ʮûǰ
ƽһȽϿɵ·Լĺһ£˼ֲ׽
պ㣬ʲôƽ˳Լ졣
ûУͺܺáպЦЦڲ֪׷ʲô飬һ㻹Ǻõġ
ģҲµġպı֣ء
ƽһ£ϵЦڻıѩһ˲䣬ɢĺڰ
仰պ콫Ȧһ죬˵Ļ
ȥˣպ첢ûΥԼĳŵɧźǿȵʱպ쵲ǰ
꣬ȻһʮߵСǣպǸһμһ
ûΪĴѹͷƴΪȡ
ܽΣ⣬㹻ƽˡ
ǰ˾һ̤˾˾;ù˾Щ֡
ƽûио˾չֵֹģҵĴպҿ˿ܾòԼĴ
ƽҡҡͷҲЩֵֹġ
һ£ȥҸʣҲ˾йأǰ˽һ£Ҳиס
ƽҲôģټĹ˾ûʶˣҲҪҸһˡ
պ뿪ûһͻˣֻıôôŹ֡
ƽ֪ʲôպѾЩȲҪƽһϢ
š
𣬾ǸѹǵĶ£ϵʱ򣬱䡣
ֻĻǻûʲôǽ飬Ҫʹˡ
˵ֵʱ˫ֻšһǱ˸˰Ҳ֪ʲôˣôΪ
պЩ˷ܣĺʶһλӢ۰
ƽ򴽣һһȻǿĵġ
ûһβ뽫Ǹ쵰ڽŵºݺݵĦˡ
ΪΥԼһֱҲֻ룬ҸжպҪλӢˣƽҲ
õôһϢһɨ֮ǰĵǣܺõ̤İ칫ҡ
칫ҳ֮⣬һŮˣŮպ첢İ
֣֮⣬ڶľˣλˣպֻԷ㱨ġ
ѹûʵ˵ġ
ˣɡһȻȻľƽϡ
վʲôһķ羰ˡ
ٴνһ٣֪ƽĴ֮ȥˡ
뵽ԼЩݣ̲סҪ˵ĳ嶯ˡ
͹⿿ƽΣֻҪõһҲǸһǰ
˵ƽרҵʹӲˣһͺúõΪ滮
δؾͲʱ䣬һӰȻЩպڣҲ
ƽɡȥ顣
ܺáƽ΢΢˵ͷ̫ϰ顣
Ҳܹĳûʲô⣬ٲˡ
к£Ը˿
ǹΪиɫȽʺ㡣籾˹ȥ
ƽЩ죬ӹ籾̯˾ȻΪϷŵʱҲûпº갡
ǹ˾ƾ磬׼˺ܳʱˣĽɫŮţϷݻǺصģݺõġ
˵ֽͬ˹ȥ㿴ͬûʲôĻͰѺͬǩ˰ɡ
ƽӹͬϸ˿ͬûʲô⣬籾Ҳղſ˼ҳŮŵ軹ͦġ
ֻǣΪʲôôһϰ壬ôͻȻʶˣݾ籾ˡ
֪Լһ㱳ûУƽҪɣǲͻȻʲô˲ıˡ


7 
ϵľ籾ϣƽЩܣҷһ£Ϊʲôѡ𣿡
˾߱˲һʮߵСǣôͻȻ͵õôõĻأɲΪķ˾Ƽ
ЩΣ֮ǰƽĴڶ֪һҳϣ֮ǰȷʵЩˣģ˾ԺһõԴġ
仰Ҳ˵˵ѣȻƽгΪӰǱʣȻƽĵġ
˵ƽ󣬻ľ޵ĴڣûʲôõԴľ޿϶Ҳƽġ
ƽıûʲô̫ı仯ʹѾ˷ĻᣬģΪʲôѡ
ŮţŮƼ㡣شƽ֮ǰ⡣
˭ƽ׷ʡ
ľޣľӰѾǹ˾ǩԼˣƽľӰʶôҲһأ
ƽ˵Լľ޵ĹϵҲᵽڻǸʮߵСǰ
ľ......ޡ˵ЩʲôƽûȥӶľ޻ˣڣΪͬ¡
ˣǩԼ֣Ϊ֪ԼҲ
ƽ飬һһȸԾҲһһΪԼ
ΪԼǵЦһһˣոе¶ȵ࣬ҲһһĶ
ƽƽ㣬ǰôܻϢ뿪أһټһͶûжԼ˵
ľ޲֪ĵطƽԼѾЩɶķһιصġ
棬һһǽⶼ͸ȥ֡
ô飬ԺĹˣ֮飬˵ġ
ƽջ񣬾ôһ仰ܣ˵⻰ʲô˼ʲôԺ飬𰡡
ľǽպɡ
ǵܡպӦһ˼ˣȻЩģպҲòϣȷʵá
ΪƽԺķչľˣȷѡ
ӣƽպֵ»ҪԺĹѾʺպˣ˾ҲΪԺķչǡ
õ϶ҲŵġƽˣҲ˹˾ƽӡ
ܣҺܸл˾ҵĿءƽվ𣬳Һý˵Ǹ
ƽתãպҽȦ
ѣ͹ȵʱߵˣһֱպ㡣
˷Ļᣬûͽպһ߿պҵľˣͻһֱҵľˣܣûл˵뷨
ƽպЩжƽ㹻ˣպüᶨ
֪ԼмＸڹ˾ҲƽԴˡ
ƽԺһվһûа취ĸ߶ȣռƽ˵ݣֻĺȣܣͬ⹫˾İš
ƽЩȻ֮պΪʲôҪô˵ˣ˵ʵЩӡ
ĵΪ룬ӦǸжģʱƽȴЩŭġ
ΪʲôͲأΪʲôͲһľأ
Ѿ˵˲Ը˰Ϊʲô;ãֻҪΪԼþ㹻أ
պ㣬㻹ǵõǩҵʱ򣬸˵ʲô˵ỤңҺ죬˵ģĻᣬ׼ʳ𣿡
ƽĴǽţϵţˣƾʲôֻҪǾΪԼãҪĻмĽܰƾʲô
......պ죬һҪ˵ƽĻɤۡ
ܣҲͬ⻻ˣĺܱǸƽٿպ죬Щ䵭ϵǹϢʱ򣬱øˡ
ƽô֣Ҳ˵ʲôˣƽ֮ǰѩôãߵľֻպ졣
ʱպ죬ҲȷʵЩˣɡ˾ֵµǼˣһᰲȥӽ쿪ʼ͸ƽˡ
֪ܡպվǿĵģ뵽ƽˣЩԼ֮ǰ뵱Ȼˡ
ƽΪȡˣôԼйأôΪƽãôͻȻôͿأ
ܣʲôʱ飿
ĥһ£飬֪ͨ㡣
ƽùԼһߵľ籾ûʲôˣҾȻȥˡ
ľӰһ˾ҪҪȵȣʶľһҲ˾˽ҲкǿԶӴһ¡
ƽĺһͣž籾֣Ϊָⶼ͸ŰףĴݰףʱȥǸӵˡ
촽ǽѪһ㣬Ľޣ֮ƽԼˣЩ̫Ȼȥˡ
ǾͿȥϢɡƽɫȷʵЩ̫ãҲЩġ
Ȼʱ仹ûжҲ⼸ˣƽҪʱˣǿɾЩ鷳ˡ
ܷģᵢġƽ֪ľ޻Ϣڻ֪ôȥǸˣҪʱ䡣
߳İ칫ңƽ˿ԼĴȣٶȼȥ
ղ˵ˣľ޴Ҳ˾ɲʱǸϡ
ƽߵļ죬պںɾ׷ЩˣûƽĴȣƽٶȣֻСŲܹϣһʵ⣬ɾʲˡ
ƽֻŸϽ뿪˾Ͼ͵ſˣŲǼӿ˼֣ûע⵽ڳߡ
ԴֱӾײ˶ԷĻƽһǸԲûע⵽˽û°ɣ
̧ͷԼײˣѪҺһ˲÷һ˲ñȽĸоƽЩ̫££ü
ײľޣάԼղŵƽԭأ˿ڿˮŵ˫ֶ亹ǵļ档
Ѿˣڼƽʱĵһ仰Ӧô˵ҲѾԺУϰˡ
ѧ㣬㻹ѧ㣬㻹ǵľޣǸϲŵСѣǸϲСѡ
ֱļƽԺŷ֣һֶ˵ڿ־壬ں¡
ƽԼ񣬻İһѧʳڵĵһ仰ǣ˭


8 
ľӰ󡣡ƽһԼ
Եģһ׵ؾ뿪ļһﰡôܹأ
ֳܱһ룬𴽽ǣƽ¶һиɻЦݡ
ȻƽЦݸӵĲˣк֮ƽ׼ƿ뿪ˡ
ľ޵ĴԻЩµģѾһжˣľ޷ӦʱѾץסƽˡ
ľӰʲô𣿡ƽӽţľס¶Ҳڲϵһһ㣬Ӷȥ
ƽԼǿҪ˦ֵֻĳ嶯ЦݵĿľޡ
ƽƤܰףƣ⻬ϸ壬еĺ촽ӵĽΣľ޵ĺ˹
ǿԼߴ˵ĺ촽˺ŴŴĵѧ㡣
ƽֻһУӱǸס󣬴ȫ
ҧҧ⣬Ѫζڿǻӿ΢侲һ㣬ľӰʲô
ˣ˵ɫľӰȡģķǳлľӰܹᡣ
ƽûľ޵֣һһŬݺϷȡṼľӰЯ
ľ촽䶯һ£һֶ˵ҧأؿӿľʹ⣬ϢС
ľӰûʲôˣҾȻȥˡƽ룬ڵȴĻشǣڴʲô
Ǹľ޵Щɳơ
ƽ˳һ룬ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ľȼϣһһĳȥ
ľʦ㻹ðɣФֱʱŷӦľ޻ǸƯ뿪ķ̲ס˳ӡ
û¡ľ޵Щƣ˵ıӰԼʧŲջߡ
Ӧóܵģһ뿪ģãľ޽߬Լȭͷ
ȴȻ̲סۿ̣ڿǸ˵ʱѾɾˡ
ľľʦФ۾һ޴룬һ֮ľ޵˹ȥ
һ䣬˵ķûˣФ̽ŷһŵĿľޡ
ľʦ㡭
ФԼЩ£ľˣûмʱ
˺۷εѹվԱ߿ţѾЩͬˣФ촽䶯ţ밲οֲ֪ΰο
ľʦһỹҪдᣬ㡭ˡ
ľͷֽ˲۽ǣžۿͨŮˣЩԳĳ˳ǡ
뵽Ǹ˵Ŀ룬뵽Ǹ˺޲Լ˰ףһη˾ҵʹ⡣
ҧأѪζڿǻӿľ޽ץؿڵ·
ûбߵҹǿҪٴλص֧š
ÿһ죬ÿ׬һǮ͸ԼˣϾҪǸˣϾܹصˡ
ļ֣¸ңڼǸ˵ʱ򣬺Ȼˣģܹٴ߽Ļ
Ѿһλˣٸڶľ޶Լ˻ɡ
ľʦľʦҰФ궼ҪˣʱĲ֪ôˡ
ľնĿФ꣬˼ƮĺԶԶ꣬뿪塣
ľʦФһסľ޵µ塣
պ㣬ллһƽ򿪳ţûպȥ˼
պԥһ£ƽľӰ󣿡
졣ƽЩӲʶĽţеľ籾Ŀֱ֨졣
պŷ̵ֽ˽ЩйĵȥɣǵϤһ¾籾
šƽ˵ͷ
ƽ뿪ʱǽıӰպЩĵ̾˿˵֮ʲôûУɵӶŰ
ڷŹϵһ˲䣬ƽ˶ˣ忿ϻ˵ϣڴڵĴ
ɫ쳣Ĳ԰ף亹˳Ŷǻ䣬ϸĶͷ
һɳ̲ϱչⱩɹ㣬ڴڵĺ
ʱһһĹȥˣƽڴһЩվҵķ˹ȥ
ܹĵطȴԵøңԶ
ߵң˫ֲ򿪴ͷ񣬴óҩƿŬ˺üΣ˳ĵҩ
ҩ븹Уƽ˵ذϣʱͺոձ˴ˮ̳һʪ͸ˡ
ŷı۾ʲôź飬ӣû뷢䡣


9 
ƽǱպĵ绰ѵģ˺ܳʱ䣬òײ˯˹ȥ
˯ţͱպһһĵ绰
պ㡣ƽЩ۵̫Ѩ
պĬһ£ܹƽЩ̫Ծǿ޹ˡ
뵽һҪ˵飬պͻȻЩͷˣƽϢ֮󣬻ʲôӦأ
ڿѵʱҲ룬㲦ͨƽĵ绰ǿѰôõˣûǸϹѵġ
ǿǸӰѰ˷ܼպ죬Ժеļһ˲Ŀհס
ȫ˽췢ˣƽ֮ŷӦ
պ㣿绰ǱһֱûƽЩƣԼ˱ˮһֺ֮һ
ˡպһᣬһҧڲ˵ƽҲ֪ġ
ѣƽüйĵˣƽĵһӦ
ҵipad򿪣ܺңѵһǣ㿪֮󣬾Ƕ˰ڹ˾Ļ档
ԶػľӰ:찡ľӰŻعͽҽԺ⵽ô£
ľӰ:ҲͣҲ֪ľӰôˣ
һ:ֻע⵽ľӰǸǸС˵껰֮󲻾ãͱͽҽԺ
㲻һˡ
һ
Ӷ
10086
֤š
ľӰ:¥ϵλѣעһôʣʲôС㣬ûп˦ľӰ
Ǹˣ֪˭֪飬᲻һײ߻ġ
һ:ҴˣҴˣⲻǱٸڻϴԭ¡
Ҿ˵ҲЩģΪСûʲôɣ棬ѹû
ԶػľӰ:˺ܾˣȥ΢ºúõһľӰҽԺˣûҵ
Ŵ:˵ʵڻǸ˦ľӰƯûʲôϸûйϢ
ľӰҪ:ҲǻüˣôǣҲ΢İɣλûС
Ǽ̱:ѾڼˣӳµʱҾȫˣҲ
ľͽҽԺʱľ޵ķ˿ǲôصģֻԼż
Ȼںһ֣ûչ˺ǵż
Ϊйĵľ޸ƽڹ˾ſڵĻ棬ƽ뿪ûжãľޱ㱻͵ҽԺ
ľ޵ķ˿һΪľ޻ҽԺ϶ƽйء
ڷ˿˵͹ǿƽ˦ľ޵һĻ㹻Ƿŭˡ
һһûеСǣ˦ż֣Ҹżɫ˭
ƽ˴ǣľϢ֮ؿڵĵطϤĴʹС
ǻۣǻΪǸ˵Ϣѹ
ҽԺΪʲôйأƽҧ´´ҧ˶ûв
ƽպЩţǱû֪ƽȥˡ
ƽǱһֱպ;Щˡ
û¡ƽ촽ѪҺУƽǸֳһĨЦ
ƽھ͹ȥ㡭
ˡƽָպ㣬û£ģûЩۡ
˵ˣ˵Ǽ£Ҫȶȣ𣿡
˭˵Щ˰պЩץץͷƽ˵˲ãǾǺȷľܾˡ
㣬ʱҲˣҲϢɣ컹Ҫȥ˾ءƽڵipadĻ
Ǹ˵ü֮䣬ʱúõĿһ۶
˺ܶ࣬ƽǵãľǰǴŵӤʵģܿɰϲ
Ȼ˽ĳ˰ӣһ˫ʪ۾ԼһͰ͵ģ
ľ޲֪ǸͰ͵СģƽУֻҪ۸뷨
ƽ˴Ļϵˣ̫˰ɣԲŻεľޣЩ꣬㾿Щʲô
꣬Ϊʲôһľ뿪أ
ľʦˡФԼ۾ľ޴ӴһӾľ޵˱ˮ
ľ޽ӹˮһڣż˽췢飬ε𣿡
ǰľʦҪˡФľε飬ҲЩµġ
Ǹŵˡľ޿һɫ֪ԼѾͦʱˣˣ
Ф꿴һֻѾһˡ
ûˣȥϢɡľЦЦɫЩ԰ףЦʱ򣬸˵ĸоҲرġ
ҲФҡҡͷ
ľЦѾûˣȥϢɡ
Ф˵ԼѾϢˣڿɾˣžͱ˸ƿˡ
׽㣬ˡФӹϵĶ
оôľ޵Ĵ
ľ˿оͦõġ
ҽ˵۹ȣټ˺ܴĴ̼˹ȲŻε
Щƣľް쵽ʲôֻȥôһᣬͽӵľҽԺĵ绰
ʱǸ鰡ǿ챻ˣľãԺ󣬴Ҫʱžˡ
ָأڵ׾벻ڲõĽҪõĴôôĶࡣ
׽㰾ļľʦҪһ𣿡Ŀ˽ȫ̵Ф꣬ż˹ȥ
һվФľգգۣľЦЦӹССڵĺ
˹ľݺݵرԼһ
Ѿѧˣ˸ѧ㲻ô
뵱꣬ѧ㲻ҲǸһһľ͸
ڲ׷һѧҲûж󰡣ʲôþİ
ľ޺һ뼦˲Լ˼Ѫһ۾涼Ź⣬ϵЦݣ񶼲ôˡ
ǵ׿һԼıͰٿһԼıͰ
ҪԼĶҪΪʲô鵤ҩˣЧô
׽㣬лл㣬ˣѾûˣ׽ҲȥϢɡҪڷ仹վˣľھȥ¥һȦˡ
áỹ뼦أԸûľ˵ʲô
ߵſڵʱŷӦҪ˵ҽԺʱ򱻹ĵˣķ˿ͦģƽ
׽㡭Ф껹һ
ѧ㣿ôˣľһĽţФֻ꣬ҡ
ľʦѾˣ˿ҲԵڸѣӦúúϢ
Ф곯һûǣľ޵ΪʲôεģҪǿϵЩϢٴܴ̼ô죿
ϵϢФѾˣôʶͦҵģ˶Щ˵ľ˭ƽˡ


10 
Фֻ꣬ҡľ޵̬ЩǿӲһФ겻ֻҪӲļơ
ФһһŲľ޵ߣľʦʱĺˣʲô飬촦Ҳļ
ľû˵ǳФ֣ǲ֪ҲˣѾ֪ˣôܵȵĵ
Фûа취ֻֻܽݸľޣľ޽ӹֻ΢λεѵһ͹档
ǸľӰҽԺʮСǵǸʲôû֪׽ʲô
Ȼ֪˭ҿǸСһ˰ɡ
ƨԣľӰӰҲԲҲԼʲôݣľӰЬ䡣
ĿҪˣҪŮˣ϶ſڹľӰ󣬲Ȼôôײأ
Ҳ϶ǹģһûУ˰ɣľӰҪСˣҪˡ
ľֻڲͣɫҲǱԽԽѿˣԼҪ侲ⶼķ˿Ϊ
ǣ»ˣˤŵˣȴԼķ˿ڹ
ľҧҧЩҵķ˿𣿡
ǵģľʦФ˵ͷȷʵķ˿ľ޻ľ޻ľ޷˿ĳƺ
ǿ϶һٷۡľֻϿʼˣһٷۣȫǼٷۣûôصķ˿ء
Ф걻һۼֿİסľ޵ֻ֣Ļһ֣ФޱȵԼķӦ졣
ҪǷȥˣľ޿϶ӭ˿ѷ۵ģľʦ΢侲һ¿ɺã
Ф궼û֣ľȶһ͸ȥˣľɿ֣Ф꽫ֻˡ
Ҳȷʵֱ³Щ˿˺ˣѧ㣬ӦάЩоͻЩ˲Ķ
ղŵƵľѾĿˣһǾĻ氡ƽײֱ˶ԷֵһĻ
ǲҲӦ˵һڵ׾ԼھһˣͺͲӦó
׽㡣ľҧҧȷ΢һͣ𣿡
ľˣƽ飬֪ģ飬ͲӦžˡ
ֱľҪԼ˵ģŲʲô£˵ͷҲãԼҪʱ裬ӭһֵܻĿ籩ꡣ
ľv:
Ϊԭôҵˣںܽ˯һͿԳԺˣҽҽԺ飬ʦûκεĹϵʦҾصǰҲϲˣϣλ˿ҪΪҶǣκˣʦ˵ǸΪԭίˡ
ľЩźƽû΢ֱӹעͬʱЩƽû΢ȻĻ֪΢»ȷѪء
ԶػľӰ󣺡ľӰû¾ͺã̫ˣĿ޳
һ㣺ֻҵĹעǾ䣬ʦҾصǰҲϲˡһϲϲǸϲЦͻȻ̬
ľӰţ¥ϵѣ㲻ҪҵyyľӰ˵Ǿصǰˣûϲ
һ㣺ϲҲҪľӰ˵˵ʲôˣôͺyyˡ
ľӰŲܷĲϲľӰǲǱ˰ǵĻľӰգգۣҪ˾װ׵Ѫ
ǣֻҾСվһĪİ𣿿ǸƵѾԲ˼ʮֵˣcpˡ
ã㲻һˣҲǵһղǲҿ±ҵСӡ
ǣСɰ쵽ҵ
ľӰţcp۹ﲻӭǣ벻ҪľľӰһλûеСˣľӰȶȡ
ľüڿ˿ƽcpʱľ޶ˡ
ǿסԼСצӣǺ˵ķԣ˺ˡ
ôһһСˣһһС˵ģڲԼķ˿϶ԼĺڷۣûɣѾʯˡ
׿һЦɵӣһŭҪҵֻľޣĬĬͳԼֻ
Լ΢ҵľ޵΢Ȼ׾;ãԼڿҪһЧˡ
ʣ˭ܹһ£ʲôʦҲϲ˰Ҳһ£ʲôϲ
ѵľ޲֪˵ĻǺױȽİľڲŸջعûվȽŸôôͿء
۽ǵ⿴վڴߵףľĬĬĽֻϷһߣ׽㡣
˵ɡüģϣľ޲Ҫ̫ˣȻҪ׼һЧˡ
ϲƽȻҪ̹ˣľҲˣҲܲܽܣͿʼֱˣһعĿľΪƽҪ׷
ˣҲľ޵ϲϲˣ˵Ҫ׷˵Ļˣܹϲ
ڴ˿
ľ޵һĨЦ⣬ҵѧ㣬׽㣬ѧҶԣǺҪҪˡ
ΪҿԷУҵҵľ޵棬˵ڵĻҲһ
ФĽ̶ܳȵͦģϾ飬Ҳûв²ľڵĻҲֻӡ֤Ĳ²ѡ
ľ˵ΪƽԼҵФһ
ľܹĵλվԱĿľΪ˴ﵽĸ߶ȣ׶˶٣ڣȻ˵ͷһ㶼ԥİ
ƽǱߣ
ѧڴǲҵİɡľ޵ЦЩࡣ
Ҳ˵ʱǲܻˡ׷˷Լ۾Ȼûа취ǰ⣬Ǿֻˡ
ľ޹˹ӣȥЩѧŲһֱܾء
ԺûҪľ˲ٴη˷Լ۾
Լһϻľģĵˣº޲ȫ˶ܹ֪ɡ
ľգԼ϶빫ģҲѧί
ȻҪĻҪƽ˼ˡ
ϾҪкˣǸ籾ҿˣ֮ϷݻͦصģʱԳһcp÷˿ϰһ¡
׽ֻϣ߻Ϊ·浽һ죬ĳɹˣҲڴֲ
׽㣬лл㰡ľͷ࣬ʲôĳɹһɹĺðɡ
лĻŵɹһ˵ɣͰɡ
׾ãԼǻֵľ˰ɣľ˶һٶĶԼҵ˲Ҫ̸
ɺãԼȥ׷飬ǰΪܻй׼ĴŲǾˣӵְҵɡ


11 
׵ĵĲûеģһϵķͣϳ˺ܶ#ӰߵʾΪǰ#𾪣ӰϲľȻ#ûӪȴ㹻ı⡣
Ϊ飬ƽһͳڹ˾ˣڣڵһĵ
ָһûһµôϥǣϤƽ˶֪ŵʱŻеĶ
ǵģڽţҲڵģҲľ޷΢ǶĵĲû˶
εͳԺûƽôϥǵָ˼֣üҲմȾ˼ַꡣ
ʱƿˣŮ˺Ҳ֮˽Ǹˡ
ƽָһʶĿſڣľ޽촩һɫĳǳɫţп㣬һ˫ɫ˶Ь
ɫĳβ߶ҡţǹǳǳЦ⣬תƵƽϵʱ˵Ц⡣
ƽԼЬ⣬Щ㱣ľ޵װϤģ
߬߬ȭͷƽ˴ǣǣѾǰԼˡ
ľ޵ӵģΪƽ˵ϲô
ֱͦļЦٴǣûϵշ
ľӰˣкľޡ
ľε飬ҲľڱȥҽԺԺ֪ġ
Ǹʱ΢ѾһˣƽϢǲ
֮ûκεĻӦҲΪǵƽûʲô
һε飬ƽ߽ڵҰ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼ֪ķʽôѺãֻҪл⣬ǾȶȰƽԣǸûᡣ
˼鲻κεĻӦȶȲ䣬ɵӰ
֮ǰǻԽ˵֪飬ûмʱӦľ֮ķûа취Ӳˡ
ǿԲƽ̬ȣܲľ޵̬Ȱ
ܽľ޾ͺˡľЩźĿһƽߵλЩ̫Ըƽλĵط
ЩĽԼĿ⣬պλ˻
պʶֱ壬˿Ŀбӵƽٿ˿ѾջĿľޣܾԼƨЩ
ϵҲ֪˰ɡֱ⣬ǵĿǿľ޵ġ
ҾǸᡣľһɫÿԳᣬųҪϢ
˵ͷҲ˼ѵײ䰡ƽߡ
һֱ˵ƽڲľ޵ȶȣҪһųȥƽǻܵ˵Ĺġ
ҽܹ˾İšƽȻҲ֪ǺϢһųȥȻٲ˱
ľ޵ĵλǲԵȵģ֮ǰַ飬ᱻҲ޿ɺǵ顣
Աְҵ㲻˶ϲ㣬ϲȻҲͻᡣ
һ㣬ѡְҵʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ˣ˵ҲǺЦˣҲֱ죬һ
߻ᷢģʦģʱ鷳һ¡
ľ޿ڣһֱڻٽһ㣬Ͳƽˡ
죬ıǣ˾ֻųǺϢľ߲Ҫȥʲô
ľӰģƽûʲôȶȣε˵Ǹᣬҡ
ҲȶȣľֱӴܣԸʦҲԸ죬ⲢţԸ⿴ķʽ졣
ľ޵ɫЩ䣬ʲôںҲǺĻѧ㣬۶أôÿ
ƽϥϵָһ£ǳһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ڶǵãã¿飬͸Ҷķ϶ɹЩůġ
΢۾̫ɹЩ⡣
Ҫ˯˵ʱ򣬾޴ӰϷһЦĿ
ѧãʶһ¡óԼֻƽǰֻǰ˵ݡ
ƽ̧ͷɨһۣϾ׼뿪
ɻ뿪أְֱϣȦм䣬ѧòҪô¡
ƽĶԷĸ첲Ҳ㽻ѡ
Цһ£ǹģһ۱㿴µƽһҪ绰롣
ѧУҲУݼϲ˲ƽƯԾԼҲ
´˵ԼһܹݵԷȴ˸ӣЩҲסˡ
һ椲ģʲôʱԴ
ѧãֻ㽻Ѷѣαǧ֮أ
ƽΧ˿ЩͷššüûôĻҲ˵ڶ飬һ£鷳ÿ
ѧãҿϸ㽻ѣǸӣҪԼмɫô
ɫЩѿǵһαŮܾԼܵ˺
ƽЩĿһۣǲסڵİ
ʲôһ¡
ΪΧת𣿡ƽ̧̧Ƥôţƣ֪𣿡
㡭
ӵɫЩŤЩ߳ŭս˫ȭ
ƽԼе飬е飬ϾҪԷԴܽӴʱһԴ
һβŮ԰׳̵ٶȳ˹
һץӵ죬һץĸ첲һĹˤڵƽˡ
ŮһŵĿƽѧ㣬û°ɣ
ûдŮ͸˧ĶлأһǺӾʹյǰ
ƽͷʶҲƺԼʶһ㣬䣬û£лл㡣
ӿڴóֽŮ˲ͷϵϸ
Ů΢˫ۣѵõ׽ԱߵûдӵǾ͸ˡ
ӵվֵĿˣղһʱŻᱻˤ˸ţôҪһ
ʲôŮֱӵƽǰıӰȴ˾ޱȵİġ
ʲôԼ󣬲Ŀˡ
ŮЦһС壬һسӰŮתһ²ӣѸǰץĸ첲һڵɵˡ
ŮЦеǰôôģ۸ѧ㣬˲
ŮмĵһۣСĵ۸ѧ㣬˭ĵӣǰɣҿ㣬Сҷ㡣
۸ѧǲС
ƽһɫӵĿԱľޡ


12 
ľ޵ļ£ֻЭ˾ܿͷų˼Ϣ˺ʶǴѧͬѧҲѡ
ϢľҲת˿϶Ĵ𸴣ɶڷ˿˵ǲ˵ġ
˼Ϣһ֤ʵ˷˿ԲΪľ޾Ǳ˾ǿȵģҪ˾ˡ
ľӰҲ̫˰ɣǩԼ¹˾Ҫ¹˾ѹեҪˡ
ڱȽǣǲʲô˵ı
ľӰֱּ˰֪ľӰջعûվȽŸ۸ľӰ
Ҿôһ΢侲һµĺãľӰҲˣλСѰΪʲôͲԸľӰأ
¥ϵĹ㿴ľӰǱȵʲôѧͬѧʲôѣһҵɰ
ҲôãͬѧѣܻôҰɣľӰô㣬Ѳһûаɣ
ǸΪľӰǸСѵģòǸٷ۰ɡ
ǼٷۣȫҶǼٷۡ
Щľ޵ķ˿֮ǰǸƵʱҲǷǳġ
ƽһûʲôƷˣôԴǰһܲò飬˵ľ֮ͱȥҽԺ
Ϊľ޵ķ˿ȻԼżģľ޷ԺҲ侲
һǵˣȷľûʲôΣ֮Ҳ̾侲
һ侲ɣҲܹ׵ĿƵģ뵽ЩһĵУҲͲѲ³ǹģΪ򣬲ȶȰˡ
ЩĻԼĴţ̽Լ޸һϲžĻϴˡ
Ǹ֣쿴˿cpʱҲٶȼˣʵƯСվһĻ̫ˡ
֮ȥǸƵʱ򣬾ԽԽˡ
Ϊ󴥣˿ҲرģĻһϴ̾˴ۡ
̻ͼһqģɿɰģһر˧ģֻͼһͬص㣬ľǱȽϿɿɰܵǸ
qǸľƵеһĻqľƽӣһԿɰöţһίίı顣
ƽһԴϵСǡÿɰ̫ô졿ֱɰˡ
һͼľ޿ǽϱƽ˵Ļ档
ľ޵ɫģƽ΢ŴǣűȦڻСŮˣԴаЦԵùʮ㡣
찡ʲôʲôôôɰ
ҷϲĵڶͼ̫A˰ɣ˵㣬Ѿƽˡ
찡찡Ҳ̫Ҹ˰ɣϲĴ󣬸ҿͬcpүĵ𣿡
֮ڣҪ֪СȫϢ
ֻվľӰǹ𣿳˼
һǾýľӰȦڻСһ㣬ǵһͼǸίίı飬ѾǼᶨľܵˡ
ľܵ1
ľܵ2
ľܵ10086
ĿӣСվһֱһ
1
2
Ⱥ˶ĵcpۣľӰԼ
ʲô˶ľӰһԡ
ôĵػQǣذɣһȺԲУľӰ˵˸˼Сˡ
ǲƽǻıеģûܹðôôأ
ɲʲô鶼ܹı˼ǻжడ
cpôˣӾcpˣӳҴˡ
ǴȥcpȦȣʲôˣ
ֱвǲǰ׶ˣҼҴ΢ҰˣǺ۸
̵΢˿ҪһǻҪ࣬ЩܵȻѿܿĳ˵͡
󣬱Ⱥ񾭲رϲĻҲcp۵һԱˣС̫ÿ˰
1
֤š
¥ϵĹ˰ôͿʼ֤ˣ⻹ôӣҼ֤ţͷ
¥ϵôôǡ
̵΢һƬֵĺǻ϶̵ķ˿Ȼʲô̵ۣĻٲ˲֮ǰƵҲϼcp۵Ĵ֮ˡ
ЩԴǼҵķ˿˵̵ķ˿ƽǱû΢һӵûֻܽŭйֵϡ
Ҳû뵽ᷢչӣ˿Ҫ˵
ߵƽľޣû뿪˾أָ˻ȥ
Щֹ̫ۡüģ˿ھ϶ľǱεģôͷ˿Ű
ϵЩۣľ֮ҲſһЩ֮ľҲЩ鸴ӡ
Ҳ֪˿ڵһЩȽƫķ˿˾÷ŭΡ
Բߵļ˻֪ʱ΢ϣѾһֵķ籩ˡ
˿һֱǿľ˵ġ
ʱиԳֹ˾ڲ͸¶˵ƽݵŮš
Ѿöĳλˣȴƽһ͵ʵƽõɫֶβô
⻹ˣ˿̾ըˣⲻ͵ʵľǱε
ĳλ˵ķ˿ܿҲͶԺˣֵˣǿɾ̫˰
ԣѩķ˿ҲˣӦøӰǵż񰡣ȴһ֪ʲôطðļһˡ
һֵսʼˣֵĹٷ΢ٴӭһֵķء


13 
΢ϵϢҲѾ˰ɣóֻ˵ЩʲôأŭĽֻˤϡ
ЩĿһۣҲóԵֻһ֪Ϊʲôôŭˡ
˵ˣǸƽ϶òֶεõĽɫ
Ҫ˵϶˾߲ʲôɸ˵ܡ
¥ô²ǲЩ̫ˣҲľӰķ˿ҾãľӰƽС̫ˡ
ʵҲôãǸѩȻһ㣬ǸʲôˣҲӦ֪ɣҪ֮ѡһҲƽġ
˶˵۸ܣȸǸǼѩѩĽɫ
Ҫ˵ʵλδ֪Ǹ˵ԼֵڲԱ𣿡
ɲѩݼεĶܹٳһˣҾǸ·ˣѩ㡿
Ϊѩļ룬ƽˣôһ㣬ľҲֻ֪ʱġ
ѩķ˿Ҳ٣ʱǻʱŭйֵϣ֮󣬿϶ǻָƽġ
ֻ£ľ޿һɫƽһ㶼Щ顣
һ㶼ûб䰡ԶһֻԼеĸоͺ飬ԶӰ첻һ㡣
鷢չزǲ˿һǲˡ
ƽε֮ԻᷢչزΪƽһûС
Ҳʶ֪ʲôƷֵ⣬ûʲôܹõóֵĶˡ
ôεһڱƲľ޲붼֪˭
ӣҲЩջˣΪ֮ǰ飬Ѿľ޵ķ˿ܲˡ
ڿɺãѩķ˿ҲQˣѩΪŮŵ飬֪˲ࡣ
ϢǱʲôй¶ȥģֻҪһ£ܹĳѲɣΪԼ۵ѹƽֱЦ
̧ͷľޣǻʱʱƽϡ
һ۱ӵһԵֻ¶˾ģҲˣ˿ķǷǳġ
ھֻһ·ˡͣһ£Ƕ֪ɽɣⲿ磬
ɽ˶Щȣɽ֣һֱڹľҲİ
ɽ˵ٳȦʱ򣬾ƾ赼ĵһ磬õѵݽ˵һλǳдɫʵˡ
˰ɣ̫ദǸëõˣǳϸ񣬾Ǹ׵ģҲõĿ϶С
ѡɫķʽҲǳ֣ԵǵģǿԵⲢݼ
෴ǳݼҲǳԵֻúԵԱԾĻᡣ
ҸɽѣǷһ飬浼ⲿϷûʲôģǡ
˵ſƽɽҲûа취뷨ƽߣֻܿԼŬˡ
ľޣǲģΪɽǰϣľܹкĻᡣ
ɽⲿ磬Ҳľ޵ԭġ
һŬġƽڣֻҪܹõɽϿɣȻܹסЩˡ
ȥúõϤһ¾籾ϵ˻֪ͨġֱİˡ
ƽûʲôģΪǺѡ
ȻҲɽνĺԵǸʲôƽݼȻûмʶ
֮ǰҲܹĳƽǱľ޸Ĵڰ
Ǿ鷳ˡɽ⣬ƽҲ֪Ĺء
ѧ㡣ľ߳ݵʱץסƽ
ƽ߷ľ޵ϣľ޵ֺƯʮָ޳ǽڷָԲһֿɿɰĸо
ľӰʲô𣿡ƽתƵľ޵ϣؿ⡣
ѧ㡣ľ޵촽˶лЩʧ䣬һ룬ٴ˲õЦݡ
ҸѧѾܾûмˣѧһԸ
ƽľ޵Цۣǰÿμľ޵ʱ
ЦôҫۣڣƽϸϸĶľ޿һᡣ
ЦȾһӰĲöˡ
ƽǸһ飬´ΰɡ
ľץƽֻֽ˽ѧҳԶٷ𣿡
ƽֻ֣ʶճȭͷЩ䵭ĵ:ľӰˣ¡
ƽ˵ų˳Լ֣ȴûľӰȷſģǲЩ̫ã
üƽǲ˵ģľûֵĴ㣬΢üۣϵ飬Ҳپһˡ
ľһʶı֣Ǹѧ㣬ҡ
ľӰľñǸĻעһԼоֹɣٷƵ飬һúŵġ
ƽŽڴ߬Ľģûҿľޡ
ѧ㡭 
ƽûͣ뿪ˣľеĲЦ֮µıˡ
ͣ£ܻͷΪԼᶯҡ
ȥɡպС׷ƽ
ˣһеҪ㲻ùˡľ˵ĻǴǣΪ¡
պЩԥƽһˣЩġ
ƽЦЦģֲСˡ
ðɣǵñƽպϸһĻͻ֣ᷢӳڣƽһֱڿڴûó
պ뿪ˣƽһĹ˾˵ַص˿


14 
ŽŮˣ׵߷˶Էոշµֻϣüͷʶ
׽㡣׵ǰƽҲûصĴ㣬մѪֻ־¶˶Էǰ
̾һҽҩ䣬ΪƽϴһĵѪ˵Ĳʲôˣ
ƽ˴ǣƿߣҹҩ
׵ֶһ£Լˣǲͬ
е࣬ԡƽҲ֪ԼҩãҲ»ƲסԼ
ľ޵ǰʧأԼǱӣһ档
ǲˣױһ䣬ƽȴǻһʶľսԼ֡
һ̰ס֣ƽһ㡣
ƽһһճȭͷ˫Ҳ˿
һһ仰û˵ǶѸٵĸƽ˿ڣת˱ˮƽС
ɫЩ԰׵Ů׵лһĨǣƽʶЩ꣬Ѿûа취ƽֻɲ˿ˡ
Щ꣬ѾȥЩŮÿˡ
һʼʱƽķǷǳصģǸʱƽǸԼһĿǡ
Ѱģȴʼûа취ֻ֡
һ죬ƽˣϽЦݣҲԼ̸һЩˡ
ƽһϵеĸı䣬ȫΪƽ߳һˣһľ޵.
ȻʶľޣûмǸŮƽ֮У֪Ǹľ޵Ů
Ǹͬһҫ۵Ůӣĳ֣һսƽеĹеĺڰ
һʱ䣬ƽڽĺתҩˡ
ûг̫ʱ䣬ֱڶǵãվԼǰƽ
·ʧȥľżһ㣬ľȻĸԼǸŮˣҲԷˡ
˺ܶܶطѧУˣȥȥĵطȴûҵԷ
һ죬ƽĹʧˣǸˣʧˣǸȴٴνƽڰ֮еˣҲˡ
ƽٴνԼ׾ҲûмƽĵЦˡ
ͺľ޵뿪һһ㣬ڣǸ˻ˡ
׽˽յ˫֣Ҳȷľ޵ĳֶƽ˵Ǻ£ǻ¡
Ǻ°ɣŶˮڶƽһΣƽϣоЩ
֮ǰģʲôںԼǸССģںڵĺ
ڣǸ˽ŲȻЩѣҲпܻܶܶûа취Ƶ顣
٣ڵƽԸȥˣԴľ뿪֮ƽƾͱòôˡ
ԸȥˣҲԽҩˣ˺ܶ취ȴʵҲһʵġ
ҪƽϸҩʹãԴӷһ֮׾ҲûҪƽˡ
׵ƽͣһ˲˳ҲЩζ
׽㣬ҩĬãƽһԼȷʵеҺƵġ
ƽ֯һԣ˵ܶˣҲϣҩȻңǾ˵ġ
ƽ˲ֱ壬̾һԼͺá
ƽսеıӣոձõĴ΢ĴʹУˡ
ҧҧ´ƽż:ڸһ˾ƽűӵԽĽˡ
ҲΪʲôҪ֣Ǹͬһ˾Ҿ÷ŭȴҵģΪĳ֣˴
ƽѿЦˣһ룬Ҿ;ԼܿЦرĿЦ
һ̲סȥ룬ǲΪңȻĻΪʲôҪǩͬһҹ˾
ǹֹ˾ѡ֣Ȼ𣿡
ƽˮסͦԼģ뿪ʱôľΪʲôǷŲأ
״ϳֽߵƽߣû֮ǲʲôأ
뿪ʱһĻû˵ʱҲһ͵ĻûС
Ҳûڴ뿪Ȳѵģǡ
ƽӹֽ˲ᣬһѺۣͲô׵ܹ޲ġ
ľ뿪ʱ˵ȥ⿴ĸǼȥˣһڹȥˣһ¹ȥˣƽʼûпԷ
֮ȥһ˹⣬ȴ֪ľ޵ľַұǸܹѰҵеطȴûеõһϢ
Ҳˣ绰Ҳϵϣƽʧˡ
׽㣬ҽһʱ䣬Żæƽӣ鷳Ҷ׼һҩ
Ҹµɡ׳һƽЩ̫ҩˣȥ
֪ƽЦЦһƵģ㵣ˡ
üÿοƽӣ׶֪Լܹ˵Щʲôˡ
ƽĽ䱸ĺأȻѾϤˣƽҲ֮ǰʲô˵
ⲢƽͶûн䱸ˣƽֺ֣γǶһֿء


15 
ƽ籾ҪҪٿ籾籾ûУպһƽ
պ㣬ţ籾ҶˡպţƽЩЦá
ôϾҪԾ˻ء
ԶԶԣţšպ˿ǣôܲŰǿɽ
ֻҪܹõɽϿɣƽĿԷ˰һʧܡ
պ˻Դƽôܻʧأô㣬ȱģҲֻһˡ
ƽԽȥˡ
պסƽ󣬡ţú÷ӣ㡣
šƽպֱҪ˵һ㶼ţǿ϶ƭ˵ġ
ѡרҵȻΪϲԴӱҵ֮Ǳ˲Ƚ
ڣ˿վĻˣôܻ᲻أƽԣȴڴ
˿ƽƿǰţܡƽ
沢û̫ˣΪԾľֻƽһɫǸƽġ
Խ죬ɽ۵ģ˷棬ֻɽټһƽ
ôҸ˵˰ɣ㿴˾⡣յɽǰСĵ
ѣӹɵģѡɫʱ򣬾ҪѡƯǸ
ɽʶôˣȻɽǺ˽ģƽһûʲôġ
šɽر³һ֣ƽĳʣɽرģ籾ˣƽʸŮǱȽϵġ
ǹгɲУһأڶزҪġ
ƽֻһĺÿĻƿѣҲġ
ǽҪԵϷ㱻Ϫһɽ°Ϳƽ
ǰֱͽƽе޵ģҲ뿴˵мＸ
ϪľҪݵŮһţƽݵŮŵСʦá
ɽ˵ⳡϷ̷ʦɽȥѰҰϪȴ֪ӽϪֻΪ
Ϊ˰Ϫ̾Ϫȴǡʱ̵֣Ϊ
Ѿû֤ݵ£Ȼûа취Լ⣬ˮ
һԼˣһԼκϲĴʦ㣬ˣǲʵ
ϪΪҪƽҪݵģ̡
۾ȵƽٴ˫۵ʱҲѾˡ
ֱͦսʲôһ㣬Ŀǰƽ΢΢üۡ
˵ˣСʦû𣿡ƽ˳ǣ΢΢ƫͷһڵϵӡ
ûСʦòѾ𣿡ƽֱֱĿǰˡ
սĶһ£ɣƽǸֳһĨЦ⣬˵⣬ӽСʦĿģСʦ𣿡
㿴㲢ңֺαǿҸһأ
ұ졣ƽγеĳֱָӵüġ
ŵǰǸӰƽսֻֻķִҪɱأ
ƽŲȵĳһȾһĨӰ
ããáƽ˵ãͻؽʣתǲٿˣҿԷһΣ´ټɱ֮
ɱƺɢƽϵıˡ
ֱŲʧԶƽŽһ˿Ѫ
ۣȴһһЦ۽ûˮ
ȴһıˣռ䡣
áɽȥЩѾܾû֣һһϷˡ
ǱȽͬ˵Ǿ仰ˣƽǳ뷹ģ츳
ɽһѾϷʵ磬Ҳû뵽ƽıֻôޡ
ȻɽǰرҪĿƽˣ˵ףûпƽı֮ǰҲЩġ
ڣƽı֮ھֻһͷǽ𾾳һ١
ĺӣǺúõһӰĽҲǲܵ鰡
ԾˣŮžͶˡɽյƽ߿һ֣úˡ
ƽһ㶣ֱû뵽ɽĹ۲ôѾܾˣȴǱˡ
ûʲôˣȻȥɣȷ˽ʱ䣬ϵġɽƽļ
ллƽɽ˳ȥ
ôô˵ƽһպ̳˹һŵĿƽ
ƽһۣЦŵ:ˡ
ģպĲһҪˣ֮ȴĺۿ갡˰
ŵǸ緢ŮĴѹƴļڣڿվˡ
պ㡣ƽӿڴֽݸպ죬֪պѩص飬һֱͦġ
ǣһᰲο˵ˣǸʱܹġ
ƴȫȥԼȡᣬķʽպ죬ûзûб򵹡
һ죬վصǸλãڣڵȵᡣ


16 
ƽˣǰǸܷ飬ڣѾƽڶˡ
һεʱȷʵǲľ޵ȶȣڴڵл˸졣
һΣǲɽȶȣֻһǸģһΣġ
Ծֱ֮ųϢ֮ɽ֣˵˺졣
ҲʵˣɽⲿĵˣϢһЩ˵ľǱ˵ķ˿ֹͣڡ
Щƽķ˿Ҳֹͣڣɽ˭ǿƱı֤
Ȧ˭ûпܻΪЭɫģǾֻɽһʵҲš
û˲֪ɽ˭㲻ֻ֪Ҫ˽ëõĵݣҲ֪˵˭ˡ
ɽѡԱԺڶԷĵطòݼǾԺڲģѾȦڹϵˡ
μɽݵľ磬ǾǶԼݼĿ϶ҲԱԴҪμɽľҪһԭˡ
ڣַųɽⲿĵݣǸ֮ǰЩ˺ݺݵһư
ҿǿҪˣƽСķ˿ǿҪˡ
ڿϢҾֿˣ֮ǰQͦЩˣôQˣ
ɲȻ˵ƽСĽɫòֶεõģҾʣ۲
̫죬磬׸߸ߵˣӽ쿪ʼҾƽСķ˿ˡ
ĿҪЦˣⲿĵݿɽҲ֪ѩЩ˿жȻ˵ɫѩġ
һ£ƽĴѧͬѧҲľ޵ĴѧͬѧЩ˵ƽȶȣ˵ľޱȵͬ־ǣͣǵԲ
ҲǽſϢ˵ں˵˵֤ݣ͵ĵģ׳ȥˡ
ȥѧʱڵƽСҾҿԡ
Ҳԡ
ľӰѾʯ˰⽿ߵСģľcpģҾⱲѾûʲôźˡ
𰡣ҲܣҲܣľcpģѾˣܷ
ƽСߵľӰδҲҲ̫˰ɣٺ١
¥Цĺа񰡣ˣͣҵԲˣ¥ϵ̫ˡ
ϲƽЩ棬󲿷ֶľ޵cpۣԣǿۡ
ûڵ£һͦгġ
㿴Ұᣬʲôʱſͨ΢

Ϣֵ˳ĬƬ̷̣Ӧ˹ֱڣûҵ֯
ǣֵĹٷ΢ٴӭһֵķأȫ໽ƽͨ΢
΢ƽе̺У֮ûпͨ΢ǲ΢ϿκκľйصϢ
԰ڵĽɫҲѾˣ֮Ҫõ΢ĵطɲ١
Ϊ飬˲ٷ˿ˣô˵ҲҪôҵ֯
ˡƽ򴽣˿ʶƽ˵һֱһȽңԶҲɴġ
պ㣬⼸꣬ˣллûзҡ
⻰պһᣬ۾˲ͺˣҪ˵ллҲ˵Ŷԡ
ڻǵãԼǩƽʱ˵ĺ׳
תۼ䣬ƽͱѩˣÿһʱպ춼̲סȥ룬ǩƽĲǱˡ
ƽǲѾվ޷ĸ߶ˣǻ̲סȥ룬ƽꡣ
Ӧ˵ллŶԣƽ꣬ˡ
ƽЦЦҲˣպ㡣֮˼䣬ƽҶ˵绰
޳ʳָôֻĻ뵽ԼոЩϢƽһֲʵС
з˿ˣϲڴƷķ˿ˡ
лһĨЦ⣬ƽֻ½΢һؾص΢
ƽv:
ҺãԱƽ
۰ǵһƽСãķ˿
ٶΪʲôô죿ٶΪʲôô죿ΪʲôԶ϶ֻԡ
ÿ޵ҲŶ԰ɣҿһֱֻͣأҾȻ̫˰޵ĺô
¥ϵŵ㰡ҿɲ뱻Ͱ
ƽСͰڴƷһԶ֧ġ
ƽС㣬һ£ľӰǺ𣿶ǡ
¥ϵģѾ˽ˣȥɽݵ΢濴ѾˣƽСľӰǴѧͬѧ
۵ƽڿϢʱָ˶٣ԥһ£ҵɽ΢
ͼʱһĨãȻǸʱӵ
ô£ǰ̧ͷԼŮƽ˫Уſ籩ꡣ
ľһԼû뵽ʱƽײϣЩĵ:Сײˡ
㵹ͦײģôײģҪڸʾһ£ɵǱģǱײģֲ
ľޣǲҪ˰ɡľЩޣѾƽˡ
ټָһ죬ϵ˾Ϳʲôˣ˭ܹ뵽ʱƽ
ľ̲סӣԼССһţȥҪж
ƽ˴ǣľϵϣһĨۣ˵ʵ
ľЩǱƿߣÿƽôʱľ޶Щܲˡ
˫˫УӰӰӵʱ򣬻ľ޾ãԼǶԷȫ磬ĶѰ
ѧ㣬Ҷˡľ޿ʼתƻˣ˴飬ôܹƽء
ƽ˳ľޡƽǰ㣬˫ֳľϣǲǸ˴ˣ
ľ˿ڿˮͷסĶĵĺˣƽйɺܺŵζľϲζ
ÿһθƽһʱ̲סĵ
ڣ֮ľǰĽľ޶ܹƽ۽ëˡ
£ľȴһ˵˫ۣĶҪǺˡ
˵׵ĸ˴𣿡
Աָϵϣľɵ㶵ҡҡͷ,޹ĵԼڼһЧ衣
ľޡ
ֻлƽʵֻֻĻŻеˡ
ƽ˫ۣһ۽ǻ䣬ԭǸʱѾϲ


17 
Ҿ֪ѧģС꣬ǿɽݰ֪ɽж𣿡
ľ޽ͷӱ˳˫۷·ڷŹ⡣
Фһ޿˭ܸһˣʶľ
Դ״绰ľޣƽԾ֮ľ޾Ǹһ㣬űӿʼˡ
ľ޶˵ЩҲѾ֪˵˶ٴˡ
Фüģľʦ֪ʦ㣬㡭
ǰǰɣҸ˵ѧǱҸ˰
Ф꣺ѷ裬ûˣ˻еľޣФȥ˱ˮ
ľʦȱˮɣѾ˺ܳʱˣɤӻܲ˵ġ
ľ޴ӱ˳ӹФݹˮһͺȹˣлл
΢侲һ𣿡Фľһ
ľЩ˼ӣ侲ˡ˵⻰ľԼȷʵЩˡ
ȷľ޲űӼˣФ˿ľҪٲ侲žҪˡ
ľʦǵôῴ΢뵽Լˢ΢ФãԼбҪһľޡ
õġľ˵ž׼ȥֻˣõƽԾ˵Ϣ֮󣬱˾޴ľϲ֮Уûֻء
Фǰһסľ޵֣ľʦʱҲˣҾȻȥ˰
Фãľ޿ЩϢ֮ǰԼǸϽطȽϺһ㡣
ڵФ꣬ЩңԼǰѾҵסĵطˣȻĻҪˡ
ã·СġľҲûФҵĵطﲻԶȥˣ˵ǱȽϰȫġ
ľ⻰һФһ̶ûͣٵ˵˾ҲƵ뿪ˡ
ŶԷ뿪ʱûдϵţľգ۾Щ£һ롣
ľŹغãҵֻ΢㿴ƽѣȥ֮󣬱ƽԾ˵ۡ
Щۣľ΢ŴǣЩܹƽһ棬ľҲɡ
ڿ˵cpʱľٴ˴ϵıӽԼסëëһڴϷš
ǾɤеƣҪ֮ǰһͬһļˡ
˸ˣһ㣬Ȼ˾òˣľһٵѾԺˡ
ʱڼĴϣﱧˣڻǸ˴һȵʱ̣κ
ڻеˣҲȷʵǸˣݰףòޣ˴һɫĵ˫ֱĲӡ
ĻͣΪٶ߼ĵ绬䣬ֵĽףֱʿˮ
¶¡˹촽ɤˣһΣǿǳ˷ͷ˰
˳˵Ĵȣϻƶţ˶˶ӣֱ̱Ļ
Żɫӣʪ˫ֻۣһаɻĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ƿϵˣɫѿ˼㣬ȻѾԺˣƲûкóס
ֻҪһԼҪóһʱ䣬ҪֻܿţȴԲĥͺ޲ľҲһͬʹࡣ
ƿϵ˱ӿɫѿ
ҲˣĽɫ˸ˣκˣǲĵġ
ûŮ˾ѩ㣬֮ǰ˵ƽɫǼ飬ġ
ǺܿϧǼ鲢ûԼҪﵽĿģⲿĵɽʱ򣬼ֱҪըˡ
ƽͻȻðĻôⲿ˾ֻҪɽݵľ磬ͿԳΪһԱˡ
һУȴƽ֪ʲôطðС˸ƻˡ
ǸģλģҲˣƽ˭
һû˵ģ֪ߵС˾ͷϣôûа취ȥ
ʱѩˣܹ˿۳һһݼǽˣҲ޸ܰ
ǾΪҾ𣿡ıЩ˵ȳޣǶԷһƤôܸİ
ı飬ѩŤԼˮһϣĶĴ˴
ǿƽ˳ۣҲľ޲˳ۣڣҪԸľޣҪԸƽԸ⿴Ļ档
ˣѩǷǳ˽ģһر˵ˡ
ѩߣ޵ĳ¿һۣҲû뵽ľ޻ôݰ
ѣͺѾľ޸ռһ㣬֮ǰǼȶȻûɢء
ľһγѣֻһΣϢˣӦɾЩһˡ
ȥǰɣľӰҵ۾ûʲôɡ
ҲڻԼ۾⣬ʣľӰ
ľ޿ȥذΪˣȴľֱҪ̻Сѧ
¥ϵô˵أôͽ̻Сѧ˰˭ûиʱ򰡡
ǣ˵ĺûдһ˵ˣ֪ʲô𣿾߶߶ҾЩڷۣòҪ࣬Сİְִ㡿
¥ϡ
ҲܣҰľӰ˰̫˧˰ǿο𣬿ܰ
һֱΪľӰǸܣôҲû뵽ľӰôһ棬Ҳ̫˧˰ɡ
ԣվһС
Щ˿۾ϹǼ򵥵ĴǷǵġ
۾Ϲأְ۾أǼˣŮӶ򲻹ܹľӰֵ̫𣿡
һȺ۸һС򲻹˼ңҶǾö
ҵ찡ղžͷһζģƽСɣҿľӰɫһ£ϸһҷ˲˵顿
Բۣǰ¥ϵ۾Ⱑأ֮󵽵׷ʲôΪʲôƵû˰
԰԰Ϊʲôֻһ밡ץӷεģҾ֪ƽС㷢ִܵľС㣬ô˰
ƵδҲЩ̫ȱ˰ɣȻųˣб¾͸ҷİ
ʣƵųģľѧʱܵһЩƬƵķʽľ޵
ͽԣȫˣʹкڷľǹ˵¡
Ͼѧʱ飬˭ѧʱûдܰ
Ҳʲôˣ˵ƵƬ˵ʲô鰡
˷ƽƵ¶֮˵עѾȫƫˡ
ƵûдﵽԼҪﵽĿģʵľ޺ƽѵݡ
ҲЩ׼µϢˡ
Ƭ٣ƵҲ٣Ƶһ֪Ϊ˺ľ޲űųģЩȻ˵ƵǼٵġ
ƽҲͨƵٴһۣ˵cpҲǿǰӴУľ޺ƽ˵ˡ


18 
˾ǱѾ㰲źˣһˡ
պתͷƽһۣ⼸꣬СС飬ȫƽһ˴ġ
պҲûƽҸȴƽܾˣƽ˵ǮǮء
뵽ƽ⼸࣬պգգ۾ƽ˵
صƿˣڣƽȥġ
˾ʱ򣬳æµĹԱǲûпˡ
еˡպЦЦһͽƽӱ˳
ƽ˵ܹõʵףȻҪúõϧ
ƽûпææµµĹԱǾͦġ
֮ǰھ׵ʱҲھæ
ƽ˳ǰĲͻȻ֮󣬴ǸʱʼѾаûٽӹκεϷˡ
ڶֽ˽ƽ˿ǳǳЦ۽ǣϲϷ
ΪϷʱſ԰Ϊƽݣñ˵ݻţƽ˵صķɷʽ
ѧ㣬Ϻá
еʱƽ˲ͱֱˣתڿǸ˵ʱȴǲ㱻Цݻۡ
Ϻáƽ³˼֡
ѧ㡭
ľӰʦϺáľ޽ģεᣬǰʱǽ
ݼӲҲֵǩԼˣģεжһ࿡ʣЦݵꡣ
ͯǳȻǼ֮Сһ۳ľ޺ƽȲ
໥кڹԱĴȥ˸ԵĻױңǽΪĶױյġ
˻ױ֮ƽɿԼһֱյ˫֣žӳճӰ
ƽѹĵ׻ڷӿı۾ǻкܳʱҪദҪӦ
ʦԱЩɣʵΪƽϢЩˡ
ƽԼ˫ۣ۵ӿҲһһɢˡ
鷳ˡƽױ̨ǰ˫ڴʱԵЩ˫
ױʦ˿ڿˮ˵ʵҲٵˣȴǵһμƽڵⶼðˡ
Ǹѵӣƽ˻ױʱܹӿʼ˵ġ
ڣˣȴӲһֶҶ˵
ױ֮ƽڹԱİ»·ƽ·һ״ɫĳȹ
һͷɫĳһɫķԺϵһɫ߶
ûʲô飬ʹüƺˮı䣬Ǹɽϵѩ
ɢű˵㣬ױҵļ˶ˣʦ㴩Ҳ̫˰ɡ
֪˭˷ĳţƽ̧ͷллûеı䣬ҲһǳǳĻȡ
лһ۵˲ˣռƽʱΪԷǸ̫ദء
Ӵ֮ŷ֣˼ֱ̫˰ĨǳǳЦ⣬ֱķ
պһóȥˡ
šƽ°ڣ˻ױҵš
ҵ찡ʦҲ̫˧˰ɣղŵǸЦݣҾԼҪˡ
֮ǰ˵ӣƽȥ֮󣬱ץѵĸ첲ʹ˻Ρ
ѿȥЩΣȴҲܹΪһ˿飬Ҳȥˡ
ľ߳ױҵʱ򣬾ͱվǰӰȫעͦΣһͷڷڱɢ
վں֮ʢĺ÷ɢ㡣
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ϣȴɢŵĹ¶⣬ͺů⣬Ҳղġ
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ģЩɤ˶УƽʶתԭЩ˫һĨϸĹ⡣
ƽ·෴ľ޵ķװһ׺ɫĳȹľݵİϪһʣƻŮ
΢üۣƽȥֱǸˣǺ±Ц˫ۣ꣬³֣ľӰ󡣡
ľ޵ЦһŻдƽҧҧѧ·ʺ𣿡
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ƽ̲ס˼źµͷ·ȼŵĻ档
ѧΪβϿһۣľ޳ǰ˼ѧ㲻𣿡
ųеĺѥƽ̧ͷŽߵףдЩΣҿˣʺ㣬𣿡
ƽڵȫȫǱܺڵΪεЭ
ľޱҭһ£ڵһµСȡһ㡣
ľʦʦĹϵΪʲôҸоǱߵЩ̫ԾӰ
վһĻǼ۵ģƽ˱̬ȣô˸оǵ׽
ߵλþһյشһ㣬ԭ׼ľȥĶױյĹԱҲеŲˡ
ûվƽߣ˺ҲܹоǱߴ⡣
ʦžԸɣҿ΢ƬʦҲûʲôģ
˵ģ֮ǰڻױҸƽ˵ǸŮ仰Ծڻش֮ǰǸ˵ƽľ޹ϵõġ
ҲȦĻģȻ֪ĻǴȥˣ϶ƽ鷳ġ
ƽķ˿ȻҪάԼż񰡡
ʲôأ㺰˹ôôɽ˺һˣҲûпƽľ޹
Բ𣬵ݡԱһĿڵǸıŵˣЩƽľȻҲˡ
ɽƽ۾һľ޵˵ͷ㳯ɽ˹ȥ
ɽµĿƽһۣ¶һЦڿƽԽԽ⡣
ľ۴ĿƽһۣȻƽеҪԶһ㣬ľڵǷǳõġ
ΪˣƬʱƽô뿴ԼֻҪԼյߣͲԼ˦᲻Լ뿪
ԭʲô̫òˣƽȻǲϣһЩõĴ԰
˭ֻҪǸˣͶȻȱٺڷĴڣǰε飬Ȼƽڰ
ľ޵ĺڷۣҲûзԹľ޵ĻᣬٴǲϵϢȻҲٲ˱ġ
ƽԾάֻҪһ뵽һ㣬ľǵЦݾôѹȥ
ƽںģľڼֱ޲Ѹ°


19 
۽ǵɨϵЦ⣬ƽһ£ϲľ޵Цݣ̫ͬһĴڡ
ɢڰЦݣƽһĨǳǳЦ⡣
޷ϣǻΪĶ޷ĴڣǻΪĿţĶѡ
Цݣɽľ˴ĴָϪﻹͦӵġ
ǰڵԼļɽԸʵǣûоʲôʹ֪ն
ԼһƬģȴǶԷıѣ˵İϪԼĵʡ
תһ˻治װѿأľޣɽȫĵģľ˵˼Ҫעĵط֮󣬾ȥĶױˡ
԰ɡľޣɽ۾ڷŹ⣬ǰľ޺ˣֻ֮ǰһֱûлˡ
šƽӦһһֱľ޵޷ƿ
ʲôʱľ޵Ĵڶƽ˵һԴһ㣬ҪӶûа취ӡ
ĵǰϪɽֵĻ棬һµ·ɽľ飬һһ·һħƲۡ
ľ޵ľ̫ḻˣӰʦֻҪ΢ʾһ£İڳӰʦҪơ
꣬ľ޵ĶױĵرĿ죬ƽûüջߵʱľѾСɹˡ
ѧ㣬ұֵĺòãŮŲЦݣҪõҳ佱Сһڴ
ЦзŴƽҲûзӦʶĵ˵ͷ֮㿴ЦԽĲˡ
Ȼһƽʶĺһ֮ľ룬ľҲǿ󣬺õƽĿ佱֮Ѿˡ
ƽͷӣӰʦк뿪ˡ
ͦεӰľ޵񶼱º˲١
Ұһ£ǲǶƽô˼ɽľ޵ߴ˴գһرԵģ
ľתͷһ𾪵ĿԵˣе㻳ɣɽǲǱ˸ˡ
һֱڴɽǸر˰Ȼ֮ûпԷаĵط
ҲˣһԵģΪķȶҪ
ľһӲ˼ģɽҲûа㲻˼ģһڴĿľޣһֻڵȴιʳĴ󹷡
ľסô죿Щ޷ֱ˰
ҲһʣҲȥɽվֱӣָԼ֮ǰޱģ
Ժﻹɽղŵʻľ޶ҪΪԼղǻӻþˡ
˰ľޱҲûдҴţȻɽˣҲʵʵĳˡ
ɽͻȻȤٴľ޵ߴ˴գƽȥɲ׷
ǰľЦˣ뵽Լ֮ǰΪ˸ƽʶҲʹ˳̵ľ
ѣ£µģƽţ֮Ⱑ
ҿ԰㣬ҲҪӦһҪ󡣡˵Щ̫ãǰɣɽǸ˾Ȼܹľϲƽ
ȻҲܹĳƽľҲȫȻûиоģղſǿˣƽľ޵۾ڷⰡ
ҪƽϲľޣԴľ޵ߣΪһ㣬ɽҲ˵Ļˡ
Ϊʲôȥƽǻʰôһľް
һҪȥһֲпӡ
ľŹֵĿɽ˭ܹ뵽ǸиϸǸ԰ߣôûƷ
ôΣְ֮㣬׼Ҫ󰡣ǿcp۵ķϣҲŲ˵ء
ɽһһ߰ĿľޣôΣ׷ǰ
ľޣ׷׷ĹˣcpۣҲ˵ĳڣʱľޣǶɽĺƤЩʰˡ
һΪԼƤû뵽˰˵ľ޶ɽ黹Ǻܶĵġ
ɽǵݣƽкܶϷģɽ˵ȫְ֮㣬ƽദ
뵽⣬ľһ˫۾ɽȻ㶼ǵcpˣȻҲ뿴Լ۵cpɡ
ӦҵҪ󣬲Ȼ̸ɽûгľ߿
ľޱҭһ£֪ʲôҪֱɽҪ²ôӦ
ɽһһ˿˼ҲǾԼҪЩˡ
вӰŮǡڵһοľݵľ֮ɽ뷨ˡ
ľ޲ǴݼǴӳʣȫɽĿеŮǡ
һ֮ԻôɴӦⲿӰ֮⣬ԭΪľˡ
ĵⲿȽ⣬õ籾ѾþˣȴһֱҲʵԱ
Ҫ˶ԷݼԷĳ಻꣬ҪǳˣûǸݼҪ߶ˣȴûҪǷʺ
ڿľ޵һ𣬾֪ľ޾ԼҪŮǡ
һŮǵѡҲѾѡˣɽ޵㶨ױյĵطһۡ
⣿ľüȻɽ˵⣬ǿ϶ǸⲿӰйصģѵľʶ̧ͷȥɽ
Ѿµˡɽʼ磬Ϊ⣬֮ԳٳûҲΪҲʵԱ
ҲΪûԸðȥһӰ
ľ޳Ĭһ£һر뷨ˣǰλûôߣѡԲߡ
ڲһˣϷʱûôľˣֻҪȤͻӣڻʲôĺˡ
ֻǣһѡѧɡľõĲʣǿ϶䡣
㻹񰡡ɽЦЦûһѡƽҺܿ
ҿԴӦҪ󣬵ѧǱߡ
ƽľ޲һľȻϣƽΪһٵԼ
ԲԼϷģܲƽҵ
ҿûǿӦ˼ɽľ޵ļ򣬡ֻǸһ£ȤȻãܾȻҲǿѡ
ľ򴽣ھͿԴӦ㡣
ҲҪȵƽͷҿеһǰȱһɡ
ɽ˻ĶױյƽԽԽ˺ʰ
˵ȱһɣȱ˭ûа취ĳҪЧ
ѧ㡭
ҾһᣬҲһ£ȵʱ죬һʽǵģʱ򣬽ҲãܾҲãҲǿ󡣡
ɽǸľ޿ЦģȻҲľŰľ޵飬ҪͬǲӰ
һˣĻ϶Ҳ˳һ㰡ò˵ҲȷʵԼС˼ġ


20 
궨ױյľڹʱ򣬱㷢֮Щ΢̲ס࿴һۡ
ѧ㣬ͺ˧ıֺðľ޿ƽȫСǣҶҪ̲סˡ
ƽޱĿľһۣ˵һлл
֮ɽ˵ͷԼĻױ˹ȥǿԼٶߡ
㲻ͷҲܹоȵĿ⡣
뻯ױһм֮ңʱƽûסӿ˽Ų֮˵Ц
űϵ˲䣬ҲЩƽԼĶ̾һҲȾЩĺΡ
Ӷظľ˵Ǿ仰ƽԼ΢΢̵ա
ҲѾǵһľ˵ĻˣֻǰʱǽĻ֮֡
ڣԼƽֱԼľްҪ׵Ķ˵Ļ
ԼһζķǣҲ£һܵ˺
ȥɽŬŬ졣
ļԲȶľջߣһԼĳ
Ȳ˵ƽڶȽϿܣ˵ڻƬ˶ӵģɲ봫һЩʲôֵֹԡ
ʲôƽ˦ɫ󵼴ڵĻѧ㣬ȻҪ
ҽ춼ˣҳɡ˶ױգȷҪٲľͷˣɽĹˡ
ѧ㣬㻻·𣿡ɽ˸кľޱƽױҵš
ȷĹ֮󣬾Ϳٵȥ·ΪľŰ
ƽ̫ϲӦ꣬Ȼɽ˵ͣҲкܶΪܾˣľⲻƽҲҽ뿪
һʱˣɲŹôõĿԸƽദĻᡣ
ľӰ𣿡վԼǰһЦݵľޣƽϵıû˿Ĳ
ͺǸܵľӰ˸Ͳһ㣬ڿľʱһ˲㣬Ŀ˵Ǻˡ
˵ľ޳ԱվվһڴĿƽ
ƽһ£ҾͲȥˣеˣȻȥϢˡ
˵仰֮ƽ㴹ǿԼľһ˲ӡ
ЭΪƽںľޣΪ˶ܵӰ죬ԣЭЭֻеһκΡ
ûа취ҪͬһϷûа취ԶǣЩԱ£ǻᾡġ
ʲôȻԷʱ˵ɣǱѾźˣ߰ɡ
ľ޺ƽٳûйɽĸоľ⵽˾ܾˡ
ΪѣڿѵʱȻҪȥæ

˵ȥ˰ɽֱӴƽĻ˲ȥǾˣϾҪˣҲҪϤһ°ɡ
ƽ죬ǵ˵ͷʵɽⷬûа취ҲȷʵϤ
׼һ¾ͳɡɽľ޵ļƽĽǶȳľգգۡ
ЦһǣľľãԼɽͬʵ̫ˡ
˵˲ȥƽ˱ƺƵĳˣɽҵĵطǵסľƵ겢Զ극֮󣬾Ϳֱӻȥˡ
֪ǶҪģҾûʲôرߵĶҳԷ
һΪҶˣһҲҪüλݶ໥Ϥһ£Ҳþнһ㰡
ȵȫ֮ɽϵĺƱ
ƽƱһ£˶һʱƽЩԥ
ôȾƣԼľҲûʲôţ˶ɱˣֻһ˲ȵĻЩ롣
ƽƱԼĴ͵ʱһִֻԱ˹ѧ㣬Ҫǿ
ƽ㿪ľ֣һеĿվƱҲ֪ôģͲһĲ
ǿǿԼô𣿺Ȳ˰׾ƣȲôһĺ
ľ޾ȵУƽ֮һڼ䣬ûпľһۡ
ľ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôƽǰ䵭̬ȣֲ֪˵Щʲô
ֱƽڸΪʲô벻װ
˿ƽֱߵĿվƱľЩĵģǵǰƽȹһξơ
ǸʱȽϺ׾ƵζǸ͵źȵģƽץˡ
Ϊƽ᲻أƽľƱһڣ֮ˡ
ԴǴԺľ޾һֱƽǧҪİĵطȾƣҪôڼҪôԼߡ
ԣƽķʽԼǰһˣǸһˣľǣҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ


21 
ƽûע⵽ʱľ޽ƽƱеĺƻ˹֭
ƽתͷԼʱ̵ͷԼĲ̣ղʲôû
űĹ֭ƽ֭һڡ
֪ԼľںǱ֮ЩˣȻΪȥˡ
ע⵽ƽԼĹ֭ľҲĵ˿
˼ֻϺԼϸϸĽϺǰһֺõĿߵˡ
ѧ㣬㳢
ŷԼеϺ⣬ƽбۿľһۣϺгԼȫûȥĴ㡣
ľӰ˵ϲǻʱıġ
ǰǺϲϺⲢȻϲ
ľһ£ۿɼٶȵȥƽһֱûϺĴ㡣
ľ򴽣Щίȷ֪Լûίʸ񣬡Բ𡣡
ЩƵģ˱ƽϺ⡣
ֻֽϺߵʱƽͫһ£ľʱƽĶҪˡ
˼Ѿȵļס˱ľ͵ߵϺ⡣
ѧ㣿
߱˲Ķ㲻һʧ𣿡
ƽβЩ΢ĲϺĿҲĶһ¡
ϺŽݺݵصĽϺ⣬ƽЩջǵľǶϺġ
һΪľܾ׼Լ忪Ц
ƽջľ޲Լ嵱£ҲջԼûа취׺
ߣţҲİһ˲䣬ǱӶĿ찡
ֱƽϺԽľ޲ź֪ķӦƽղΪʲôķӦ
ǰԲϺ⣬ƽǵãԭ˲ͱȸԾƽǹġ
ղŵķӦ˵һˣԼģǵøԼйص顣
ľ޾ñЩᣬգգ۾еˮ˻ȥ¶һЦ
ԼոհõϺŽƽУеϺֻƽĥĥ
С쵰ڵôΪԼĿ̣Լ
ʹĽеϺ⣬ƽЩջҲЩΪʲôûа취ĲȥС쵰أ
ǣľ޵ڣƽҲֻһһεЭ˭ǲأ˭ء
ڱ˿һԣһǺܺгģȴ֪ƽǳԵһһ㶼ûᵽչ˵Ŀġ
һԵɽʱʱľͻὫ飬˵Ļɽ̲סЦ
ƽһ鲻Ըģߵûа취Ҫ˵ǰôܻأ
ɽƺһһĵĵı飬Ϊһcpۣᵽ˿cpĿˡ
ľްƽûкȶپƣҾͲˣȥСһ㡣
ɽľգգۣƽҿľ޸ղҲ˲٣㿴㡣
ƽ죬ջǵ˵ͷǻȥ˳·Ҳȷʵûоܾɡ
Ф꣬ڿҪʱ򣬾Ѿǰ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰ˳ŽպҲˣƽ͸ûоܾˡ
ȥ·ϣ˶ܳĬľ֪ƽЩջԼղŵڣԾر˵ĸƽһ仰û˵
Ϊʲô
ľһֱĸƽû뵽ȻͣԴֱײȥԼıӣľ޻Щ£ʲô
ƽ˿㲻֪Ϻ𣿡
㻹ǵáľ޵۾ģѧ㣬㡭
ƺǱľеȸԾ̼ˣƽתŲɿ뿪ˡ
ѧ㣡ľһ£ɿ׷ȥʵѾϺⲻˡ
ʲôصƵ׼طƽȴľ޸˿ԼȦڻˣƽ۽
ֻѧúõһġľ޵˫ֳǽڣ˿
֮ǰٴη𣿡ƽָģȻ֮ǰ΢Ϸ顣
ںܶ˶ڿҸѧcpӦϲּİɣңѧҲѾ֤Լʵû˻˵ѧڲҵȶȡ
ľԥһ£άű˵ûղſˣطûмء
أǱ𣿡
ƽɤľ޵ĶЩ糺˲ӣǽϵ˻ľЩͰ͵ĵҡûС
û뷨ǲ˵أƽգһ˫ۣŨܵĽëëһľ޵ﻮ
ľûס˿ڿˮֱ׵ƽЩмܲס
ѧ
ȻľӰû뷨ͲҪҵ·ƽϸָĴ˴ľ©ǡ
ľ޻һ˴ԭأɵһ㣬˵ıӰԼʧˡ
Լ̵գľѾȷƽǺˣѧһر侲ǵˣȻѵʱ򣬶Լ˵Ļ
ǣղŴһԴôѵ״£ֻҪһ뵽ƽղ˵Ļľ޾̲ס
Щĳܿ˿ľ޲ųƽ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ƽŲûйغãľԥһ£˽ȥ
ƽȷʵǺˣã˵ͺȲ˾ƣھƾһԴЩ̫ˡ
ǡ˭ƽҡҡͷȴǰӰԽԽģˡ
СġľǰһסƽЩҡҡλε壬ѧ㡣
ľޡƽľ޵¶һЦݣġ
ҡľƽԼϺΪᣬĿŽߵˡ
ֻǣǻɨ˵ĺ촽Լֵǡ
ӣӣľĬ⼸֣ǿԼƿߡ
ľޡƽľ޵ԼǰһЩ
ѧ㡣ľ˿ڿˮǻȫǸ˵Ϣľ§ƽʶĽ˽
ͷľ޵Ķͷϣƽȫȫѹľ޵ϣůͣİɣΰɣ
ƽһ仰˲ľ޺ۿѧ㣬ģûΣҾߡ
ƽԼĻľ޵ҲЩʣúõıˣúõˣúõĸԼ˼
ƽĻȴľ׹ߣ·ȫѪҺһ̶ˡ
뿪ˣͲӦٻ˰ƽЩƮ˫ҲЩ롣
ѧ㣬Բ𡣡ľۿһ죬
ΪһֱһֱҵģΪԼŵԡƽִľ޵üë£ͣĴǡ
뿪ˣһ仰û£ʹҵʧˡ
ҺһܳܳΣε뿪ֻˡ
ָĦľ޵ĴǣƽĴһǡ
ҲٿˣľޣӦôҵ糹ʧȻˣͲҪٻˣҪٻ˰
ѧ㣬Բ𣬶ԲġԲ𡭡


22 
ľ޲ǵԼô뿪ǸģڽƽŵϸǺñ֮ޱǱǸϢķ䡣
ƽ˵Ƿ֮ľ޾ԼĶҪ˺ˡ
ѡǶԵǸɵ˺ĻֲĿ
ڶһ磬Ӵƽɫѿ˼㣬ȷʵǺˡ
ûкȶƬļǵϷ飬˵ÿһ仰ʲôޱԺлطš
ƽɫһһģԼĴƺǸ˵¶ȡ
ݺݵش˴ԼرϣʱԵǸԼ
˵ȾҲˣб¾ͺȶƬΪʲôҪļǵԼЩʲô
ľ˵Щһ뵽ƽɫֲ԰˼֡
Ȼ֪Щжôˣؿڵλãƽ̾һ
һʱ䣬߽ϴң˯ǲ˯ˣΪ˱ľޣƽǾȥƬ
Ƭ֮󣬲ûпԼǸˣƽ˿֮Ҳ
֪ľԼǷ֮󣬻һʲô״̬İɣƽؿҲЩƵġ
ڻױ䣬ƽ˫۶еľ籾Ѿ֪ɵʲôطȥˡ
ƽǰôҡ˰췿Ŷû˿պ죬µƽӦǰ˾顣
ƽ򣬺ǱͻŵˣǸȽ磬ûд㡣
û֪ͨպ죬Ϊֻᳳպ죬Ϊȫˡ
˵ҸղſľӰ󡭡һڣպʶԼ˵˲˵ĻסԼ졣
ƽʶĿպһۣž籾Ҳ˽һ䣬ôˣ
պ۲һƽı飬δֲײſڣҿī
ĴīͦͷԵġ
ν˵⣬ģƽЩӣľΪʲôҪī¶ò¡
ǿ˰ɣ˶أڵʱҪīƽûз֣еľ籾ˡ
û°ɣպƽļжŻƽ᲻أ
պԼˣͲƽľ޵Ĺϵ˰
û¡ƽպЦЦѾľ籾
ĿڴĴʹУȥȥֹֻ֮ڴˡ
˵ľ޲ӦٳˣҲһ
ҵ찡ľʦô£ľժīʱФſľȻЩ׵۾
·ϣͺ֣ģľΪʲôҪīֱһס
ľ޵ӣǱĵˣǾ׵Ѱ
Ф𾪵Ķ֪ôӦˣǷǳʶպ뿪ľ޴˿ԸƽһؾƵĻᡣ
ĻᣬԲΪľްԼӵİǿһϣŻӰɡ
ľû˵ӹФݸԼë۾ϡ
죬ڻصԼķ̲֮סˣֻҪһ뵽ƽ˵Щ
̲סѹǿƲסð֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵġ
ֻ֪ʱͷԼ۾ˣȻѾˮ˺þˣЧ̫á
ǽϷֱˣƬ˶ӵģǱ˿ˣ֪ᴫʲôء
ҲīԭˣȻĴīȷʵ֣ܱȱĵ޹Ҫ̫˰ɡ
̾˿ľؿڵλãﻹ΢ĴʹС
ѹ϶ѹģԼϲ˵Զ磬ǱԷذףݺݵһ㣬һѪ
ǣëȡľ޵ҲüᶨȻѾˡ
ͶȻٴӶԷ뿪ˣܻᱻƿٴΣƴȫһһεĳġ
Фʱ򣬾ͷľڵϷԷ۾ëС
ľʦԼڵģж𣿡
Фμˣùëϱ飬ķľ޵۾ϡ
ľ޹ɵФŪţڻױʦ췿ŵʱ۾ȥٲôˡ
Ȼ۾Щ죬ûϢã߰ҹ籾ĻҲܹ͵ġ
ױ֮󣬻ҲͿʲôˡ
ôģô͸˻ȥԼôǱ
ɽ˭۾ⰡľѾױҲȻӲ˫۾
ľʶ۾ôѾĿ˺üˣоԼƽҲûʲô𰡡
ˣᷢԼ޹ǵ췢
ľ޵ЩӣϣƽǵǸǣȴϣǶԼ˵Ƿ
ڵ飬ˮһģɬģģˣǵģǲ˼㡣
ƽʱ򣬾һۿ˸ɽվһľޡ
ѧ㡣ĵӦһ㣬ƽֵ˲䣬ľת
ƽĽ˽ľ޵βЩ죬ܹ޹ĺۼƽľĵ˵ͷ
Ǻʶս˫ȭαװǷǳλġ
ľ޵һһӦø˵ģƽķӦ˵ˣǵ췢
ⲻ뿴ѲϣƽǵԼ˵Ƿ
ͺܺǵĹϵǸ֮ǰһԶҲƽˣҲԵûǷ
ľԼĴǣҲҲ


23 
ľԼԼҪ񣬽ҪĵģǰϪ׼͵͵ɽǳϷ
ʦ㣬˵ʲôӵģϪ°ͣǰŮӡ
ʽǺĽУɴʹһֱС
֪սСʦãһĨǳǳЦ⣬ݼš
⣬ϪȴЩᡣ
ʦô˵ϪƲƲ죬⣬ûʹһٴΣҲоʮˡ
ÿһεõĻشһģԽԽǶ˺档
ϪԴûȥˡ
ǰӰϪ˶ţ˼ֱײ˶Էĺ󱳣ûᱻʹĶͷ§˶Է
ʦ㡣
ƽһס˷Լ˫֣ǽԼ˫֣תľһѡ
ɫЩѿҲЩӣľһ£ʶ֣ܿ˻
ôô£ɽ첽˹
ϷûΡƽûȥľޣ˵ôֵĻˣΪʲôΪʲôҪô
ľһԼϷҾôݻһ㣬Ϫڲ߻ɽ顣
ϲʦ㣬ϾҪ뿪ˣȻǶ̼䲻ģ
ֶҾﱧһ£ֳܱϪ̵Ͳᡣ
ľһ˵ԼԾ籾⣬ͺôȫǾҪû˽档
ǣɽôܻ᲻֪ǵСžء
ȻɽҲ֪ľ޴ʲộľ޵ķǷǳеģ"ȷʵԼһΡ"
ƽʶս˫ȭûнĻ˵ڡ
ΪһԱȻҲܹжϳһƬǷӻɾıҪԣûз
"ûҪ˵ˣǾһЧɡ"ҲûʲôҪˣɽֱİˡ
һڶΣaction
"ʦ㡣"
Ϫֱ̣"ȵҰ"
"ɽüģ"ƽı̫Ӳˣٷһġ"
Բ"ƽҧҧڲͣĸԼϷΪһԱӦôи˵
ǣǸ˱ʱڲƲסԼûֽľƳȥѾĿˡ
һ£һΡɽȻҲܹĳ
ƽٳ޷룬Ϊľ֫Ӵر𿹾ľ޵֫Ӵ
һʮΣaction
"ʦ㡣"
"ˣȲˣϢһ°ɡ"
׷ɽ˵ܹʮζҲһر𺱼ˡ
ϾеԱԶʵɰĿ˵Ƿǳĺ˰
Ļɽ˵ѾƢˣƽֻҪ˫۾˶ܹĳĲ
ĲҽɽɲԼ£Ժ֮ͣɽ㽫ľһԡ
"ڵǳذ㵽׶ƽЩʲô"
ʲôԶ΢üͷƽľ޸оԼһһġ
"һȥŸѧ㹵ͨһµġ˿ǿѹĿڵĴʹУľ¶ЩЦݡ
"ľޣ˵ⳡϷǹˡ
"˵ɡ"
"ҡɽͻȻ˵ȥˣվǰŮȻǴЦݵģЦȴ͸һɰˣ"ľޡ"
һѧ㹵ͨģġ
ľ뿪ıӰɽͻȻͺ˵Ƿˣ֮ǰ˵ľ޴ġ
ڣڸʲôⲻԼԼ
Ѳֻ֮Ҫ֫ӴϷݣͶҪɽص̾˿ôͷء
ⳡϷѧ˵ô𣿡ľƽԵĵ˵ֻΪǸңǲ˵ѧҵġ
ľ˫ۿԱߵˣı䣬ľ޵ʱ˶˷
ľ͵ƿߣʹգգ۾ΪôĺԼ
ѧ㣬˭أľվԼ°ڣ"ʦ㣬磬ǲǺܾأ
"еǰãСʦá"ƽ΢΢ǣ鶼˲١
ǰڵ̣ƽǰϪʦ㣬ľ޵ѧ㡣
Ϫ۰СʦãǸţȴҲŵˡ
"Ⱥȵˮɡľ뿪֮պ˹ȻҲ밲οƽȴֲ֪οڡ
Դľ޳Ժƽͱر֣ǽⳡϷƽʵͲӦóʧ
˵ʮεʧʵ̫ˣ˵Ǻ棬պȴǵġ
"ˣǼ"ľ޹֮ɽһӲ֣ʾҿʼˡ
һˣȻû˿ĽչҲЩżˣλֻ˵ˡ
һ߹ƽɽ΢΢üܹоƽ˱仯ˡ
һʮΣaction
"ʦ㣬ȵҰ"Ϫ̵˶ϣҪԼԷһ
ôˣŤͷҪСʦõȴֻ˶ԷͷԼ˫֣Ȼ䣬ü֮ѾֳЩЦ⡣
ʦ̫ˣҶ׷ˡϪƵģŵίͲġ
򴽣"Ǹ"
ϪɿԼ˫֣ܵǰֱͷ̣"Ȼʦ㶼ǸˣҾʹ󷽵ԭˡ"
"ǾллСʦˡ"ַڰϪԴࡣ
"
һֱľ޻ˣǸľٶȼĵǸַɿĿƽһۡ
ոձƽۣҪηӦˡ
"ľޣһǼ"ɽû˵ֻ̫࣬ǳľ޵˵ͷ
һʮΣaction
ȥɣʦϲĵġ
̫ˣǲҳ̫ĶܹԵĵģǺѵð
Ϫһֱӱס̵ĸ첲ʦ㣬ǿȥɡ
ϵЦݣҲǱȾһ㣬ǸֳһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ˡ
ɽһ£Ƭ˶һ˿ĸоΪܿ㡣
ȴӲʮ֮Žڿʼʱ˭û뵽顣
ԣ֮˿ƽЩı仯ɽ۹˭ȥɵġ
ƽıǲǿ⣬˲һɽǲǿ۵뷨
ЩԼϵߣƽǲôģ֮ǰıжô⣬ԼҲ˻뷨Ҳ֡
ȷҪٲʲôϷԺƽصԼϢĵطһۻԭصľޣ˫ۡ


24 
"ˣ۾Ҫڱˡ"ɽľһۣ"ôһ㰡"
ľ޽Լߴƽ˻ƲƲ죬"Ѿ˺ðɡ"
ǽϷҪģͳ嵽ƽˣľ˵ƽ̬ȻˣѵõĶԷһͶĻᰡ
"ܲˣʵʵϷɡ"ɽЦЦ
ľ޷˸ۣЩٴοƽһۣʵʵȥˣֻҪɣͿԼŶԷˡ
ǹȵʧˣƽ˫ۣȴҲܿƵ׷µӰ
"ľӰһ"
"ܹΪӰݼȻû˵ģЩ˾ͲһˣղſһֱϺš"
"˵ҲˣɽѡԱжôϸȦﶼǹϵģɽ⣬ҶҪ뷨ˡ"
СţʱʱĿƽһۣԱȣƽ֮ǰı־͸ӵˡ
ȻҲĿŵ˵Щʲô˽µۻⲻ˵ġ
ͻ"պԱվվסһЩ˿ߡ
Ҳܹ³Щ˵ЩʲôܹҲֻǡ
ƽʵһЩ̫õĴţպҲôģֻҪƽһ״̬ЩȻҲʧġ
ֻǣƽԴľ޵̬ȣպЩĲ¡
֪ˡƽĵ˵ͷȻպֻһҲתơ
ǰƽȻҪʲôڹ˾Ѿ㹻ӣȻ֮ǰɢˡ
"ƽ"պôʣһֱԥ׸òƽľ֮䵽Ǹʲô
"ģһչ˺ԼģҲľӰúദġ֪պʲôһ㣬ƽǰסĻͷ
˵պ죬ֻЩ飬
֪ƽǾܾˣպȻҲʹ˼ѯʵͷˡ
֮Ҳ˳ûгƽʮβŹ
ʹƽϷѾˣû뿪ƬȻľޣҲ֪ѵõѧϰᣬһֱ˽ȫ
ԼĺɫӰƽվ׼жױ뿪ˡ
뿪ɽ"ƽһ¡"
ͣ½Ųƽ̾һӰ򴽣"ľӰ"
ɽһߵľޣһ:"顭"
ҺܱǸҵ˴ҵʱ䣬ҲľӰ󣬶Բ"
"ѧ㡭"ľս˷֡
ɽӣɲʦİ"֮ǰֵЩ̫Ȼ룬Ϊ˺ܾûмԭɡ"
ƽüһЩ̫õԤС
Ϊ˲ýٴηҪӦľ޵֫Ӵ֮ϷҪġ
ɽ˶еľ籾Ϫɽ֮ǰʦͬ齶ߵҪ󡣡
ƽۿɼٶһ˿Ȼͻңɽ˵һΣȻҲˡ
ֻһʴ֮Ҳᵽ˰أҲǰϪףԣԹһΣ˵ϪǸͬ齶ҲǷǳġ
ƽ׼ɽ˵˵ģȴôû뵽ɽڽ˵
һΡ
"֪˵ʲô"ɽֱӴƽĻ֮Իʱ˵飬Ϊ˴ƽһֲ
ȻȷʵٴŵԼ˽ģҲǲġ
"ϪѾСˣҪѡͬ齶ߵˣѡԼ̣ǰء"
ϾҪ뿪ˣɽϵһ϶Լһġ
ƽûз˵ɽĴ㣬ľ֫ĽӴȷʵѾԸԼｨˡ
˯һƽüͷЩ̫Ϊˡ
Ϫ᲻õˣӦʦ̣ĸĸб˴飬̲ͬ
˸Ϫߵ׽һ㣬˵̬ȶǱȽ䵭ģϪϲˣȻҲʦˣĲµˣȻҲ̡
ɽ˵ʱԼֿ֣Ҫ䵽ƽϵʱ뵽ʲôһ˻
"֪Щ˲ϲ֫ӴΪԱЩ飬ǱҪȥ˷ġ
ľѧѧĹϵȻܾûмˣϤ˴˵ģܱȥӦһİҪɡ
ƽ˴ɽ˲ľ޵ĻӦĸá
ּ費ڣȻҲûʲô壬ֻƽû뵽ǣɽ˵Ļֱ𾪵֪οˡ
Ϊ˽ܹ˳УǴӽ쿪ʼסһɣⳡϷҲҪˣҪӦ
ɽĳĵһΪܹ֮˳жȲѵģ
˵ƽˣľ޶һ𾪵Ŀɽϲ˵ʵЩ̫ˡ
ΪɽܹΪȡƽϷݾѾþϲˡ
û뵽ԷȻ˸ġ
ƽߴľ޵תƵɽϣΪľ޸ɽ˵ʲô˺Ǹ顣
ľ𾪺ıʱȷɽԼ⡣
ȷһ֮ƽҲΪԼո뷨еǸ
"סһ˰ɣϷһúĵġ"
ľ죬ƽǼľܾ̬֮󣬰ѹԼȸԾ飬˵Ļ˻ȥ
ȷǰӦһεܹ˳У
ɽüģЩպΪѣ"ΣԼҲˣʵΣҲ˵ʵıҺʧ"
""
ľ޵ɽһۣЩɽ˵ֱӣƽΪʲôŻֵô⣬ɽ
ɽûиоܹ䴩ߣĵ
ֻҪܹ֤һεܹ˳У͵ҽʲôû˵
ƽ죬˵ԼԱ֤ܲԼҲ
Щ飬ͣĸԼϴԾܹɹġ
ɽ⻰һڣľ޵һҲƽ죬ЩŵĵŶԷĻش


25 
"ˡ"Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ƽһԼ
ɽ˵ΪԱܶʱкܶǱҪȥӦģĹԣѡЭ
ӦøľиĽӴ˭ⲿϷء
Ϊԭ򣬵ȡ
"㲻ʧġ"ɽڸֳЩЦ,"ʱҲˣҲˣȥϢɡ"
ɽ˵Żľ޵ļ"ѧúദ
áľգգ۾һɵɵ㶵ı飬оڵԼΡ
Ȼɽʱƽܹͬ⣬ɵƽ֮ͬȴԼΡ
ƽһ۴ɵɵľޣ΢΢˳ǣ֮ʲôһòĳɽ˵ͷȥױжױˡ
ôҹ˼ɣȿƽıӰˣɽٴľ޵ļһı顣
ѧͬˣͬסһˣ𣿡ľ޻ЩԼղĻ
"ġ"ľ⸱ŵı飬ɽҲЩпģ"ѾӦˣѾ㴴ˣҪúðհ
ľգգ۾еľӨһţлл´Է"
ԶӰɽҡҡͷЦ
"ƽ"ޱƽպҲ֪Լ˵Щʲôźá
ƽĻᣬպҪ͵Цˣ֪ƽľ֮ĹϵЩ΢ڣĸ˲
ƽôˣ˵϶ƽ˽ر͸Ҳܹĳƽڿĸľޱ־롣
ƽȷʵôϲ˿ԼԲԴľǰ㿹ܡ
û¡ƽպ찲ЦЦȻɽ飬ȷʵЩֲ
ҲòϣΪ֮ȣ취õˡ
պ򴽣Ҳû˵ʲôˣʰȥʱƽһ۱㿴վڲԶľޡ
΢΢ԥһ£ƽ̧˹ȥ
"ѧ㡣"Լ߽ˣľ޵۾˲ˡ
"š"ƽӦһȻ̬ȻǺ䵭ɶľ˵ܹõӦѾܿˡ
ȥ·ϣľʵʵĸƽҲûȥһЩ⡣
صƵ֮ƽľ΢΢˵ͷԼķˣסһֻδᣬͺѾȫˡ
"ľʦǽô죿"Фգգ۾ɽղ˵סһ飬ҲֳȻҲˡ
ֻǣƽȻͬ飬ж಻⣬ȻҲǿġ
"ȥʰ˵ǽ쿪ʼסһ"
ľջԼߣЦЦƬʱƽѾͬˡ
ƽסһľȻҲ˵ƽѾϲˣҶѾûһ˿һĸˡ
ľȻҲԷޣ׼Լλãȥ
ľܹоĵƽǾһ㶼ˡ
ȻлᣬһҪεץסѾһˣٴһˡ
ҪʰĶ࣬һʰˣФȥϢ֮ľվƽķǰ
˿ľް壬ű˴򿪣ľ޵ǱԼʶһ
ѧ㡣
ǿԼ¶ЦݵŮӣƽĲ˲Ավվɡ
ľ޶˵ӱ˽ȥ¶Էһ뷴һ㡣
"ʰһ°ɡ"һľŵӣƽڴϵ·ϴԡҡ
ֻʣһ˵ʱľߵϵıҲЩӡ
ĨӲûг̫ʱ䣬ӿʼ·ˣȻɽû˵ס졣
ȻڶѾɹסˣȻҲûסһ뿪ĵ
ȵƽϴʱ򣬱һ˫ֱֱߣصһ£ƽƿߡ
"ѧ㣬Ұ㴵ͷɡ"ľ𴵷رڵ˹ȥ
"ˡ"ƽûиһ߲ͷһߴ߹
ľҲûм֣ƽĻԼ˯£Ųɿĳϴԡҡ
ƽһ£ľǱıӰһĨĹâ
ϴԡҵľޣԼЩ뵽ԼղſǸ棬ϵɫҲЩĲ̫Ȼ
˻Դԡˮͷй£ҲԺЩ̫ͷһˢ˳ȥ
ȵȷԼѾ侲ȥǸˣľ޲뿪ϴԡҡ
죬ƽҲǰľ籾ƿˡ
Ϊϴԭľ޵ͷɢڼϣӨ͸ˮ˳Ĳĵط
ټľ޴һ˯£ƯǱ¶˿С
ƣ˶Է޳Ĵϣƽʶ˿ڿˮž籾ָҲ˽
ǿԼջߣĵ:ϡ
ƽԼϵʱľǷǳŵģͿƽֻǿԼһ۾ջߣľǿıȥ
Ҳûʧ̫ʱ䣬ЦӦһȥԼĳˡ
žķ˴ƽٴβܿƵķľ޵ϡ
ľ뿪ЩҲǻٴط꣬ǻԻصǰڣһж̫ˡ
ͷźãǻĿž籾Ůˣľתת飬籾˹ȥ"ѧ㣬ǶϷɡ"
ƽͷľһۣԥһ£ĵ˵ͷ
ľ۾һ籾һߣֽ˴
ƽüʶԱŲŲ
ľ޾ûпƽĲȻͶܣɺ֮:"Һǵһκʦͬ齶߰"
̵ӱȽ䵭ٸ̫׽ĽӴϪΪԼҪܾء
"ƽһ˯"̿ڴͷĴ۾ԼСʦãвĸֳЩЦ⡣
Ϫ̵ŲŲΪʦ˯Ϫ˵ţֱס̵һֻ첲
ϲԼʦ㣬Ҳ᲻õǣҲ
ĺܺ棬浽һʲô磬Լʦ㣬ԼĸĸǶôԸ顣
ǰʱãԼĸĸ飬ϲʦڣҲɽϵʲôá
ʱƣҲʼɽϵˣȻˣЩֿջˡ
˵ԼҪɽ飬ǾԲͬģ͵ɽˡ
뿪֮ǰȻҲԼϲʦദദˡ
ôôճˣ㲻ʲô°ɣ̿ϪЩĺɣʵǰϪЩ̫ڷˣ벻붼а


26 
ϪЩĴµôܻʲô뷨ء"
û˵ֱֱĶŰϪȻⷬ˵ǡ
ͷϵߣϪգգ۾һίĵ:"ʦ㲻"
"Ȼġ"Ϫ⸱ίίı飬̾Щסˡ
"Ҿ֪ʦˡ"Ϫ̵ĸ첲˲䡣
ƽ͵ؽԼĸ첲ľ޵Ļ˳ƿ˴"ȥ䡣"
ƽЩŻŵıӰľ޵ϴõЦ⣬ǶԼиоİ
ԼʱѾյĻ뵽ԼոյΪľ޵ҲһĨǳǳĺΡ
ڴʱҴææ߽ƽô㲻ˡ
ľһʼ첲ʱʶҪˣԼڶϷʱ򣬱ǿ
ֻǸղţĸ첲Ħʱƽ̲סˡ
ԼǷǳģֻҪǸǸйص飬ǻʱʱƷ
ԼĶƽ֪һжΪ
֪Լϲľ޵飬ľ뿪֮һѰҶԷټʱŷ֣֪ʲôʱǸ˵ĸѾˡ
ˮϴ˰žеԼƽĳ˳ǡ
ľ޵ʮγ俴ȥʱǸ˵Ӱų֮С
"˯ɣˡ"ƽûпߣȥ˵ơ
"ѧ㣬"ľ޹ɵԼıѣľ£ƽ˿ѹص˴ͷСҹơ
ʱһƬ֮У֮ľ޷˸űԼŵˣͻ
ⲻһθƽͬ齶ߣʱգȻǵãһθһŴϵʱжôĽš
˯ʱҲ̫Լͬ޹һᱻԷ
֣סƽһƷ˿ľ޵ϴЦ⣬Ȼûа취Է
ֿܹɼĵطѾ֪ˡ
ƽȵĺƽ˫սϵıӣԼ΢΢ӿ΢΢ššü
ҹߵˣƽľޣкܶܶ࿴ƽƵķ˿ͺڷۡ
"֪ӾĵʱһǷǳڴģڣ̫ʧˡ"
"ҲǣΪȦΨһһûбȾȾĵݣѡĽɫҲǷǳڴģǣʮŹݼڴ"
"Щ꣬ҲûǰǿӲ˰"
"˵ƽֶβˣڿ֤˰ɣݼܹõʶ˵ⱳûʲô˵ĽףҶš"
"Ҿһ·ˣ˭
˿һεѡǣ̫ʧˡ"
"Ҳ֪ƽ󵽵ЩʲôӴȻ˽Э"
"˭״̬õʱǲΪһƵͶ϶Сݼа"
"ʲôˣȦӻôˣҪôЭĻЭˣôܵȵڡ"
"԰ҲûǮƵҪԼЭյĽأҲûЭ"
"һԸȥŵģЩ꣬ĵӵӰûʧһΣȻ۹⡣"
"Щ˾ѡԵϹǸݼӵӰѧԺ˳ݼãôһʮβŹҲʵǰôȥš"
"ݼѩѩɫ"
"˭˵أݼҲ̫۾ˡ"
ѩķ˿ΪһεԹһκòץһᣬȻ׵ķŹ
"ҾǸ·ˣ˭ıҲվҾСݼҪѩ̫ˡ"
"ҵ񲻺Ҳ˼СݵͦõİΪʲôһֱ"
"Ϊʲô˵˾ݼУݼҪǷǳߵģ϶ûа취ﵽҪ󰡡"
ҪǴﲻҪΪʲôҪѡҲĻΪĳЩԭЭ
"ǾͲҪٸϴˣʵǰˣʲôŲŵġ"
Ȼѩķ˿һЩڷۣҪһε¶ˣɽҲһرҳϵķ˿ġ
˵ɽЩ⣬ֵĵӵӰٴûùʧ
ɽѡжôϸȻҲģʹƵΪ֤кܶ˲ԸţɽĻΪĳЩЭ
ɽǾı֤ɽ߶ˣѵԺҪƬݲ
ô˵Ҳ˵ĸƬӾжôá
ֻǺܶʱΪʱѹܻôݼ˵Աͬһ
˵һϷҲһЩϷǣһЩݼͻԱ롣
ǵڿһʱҪʱʱľҪϷ״ڹ˵һǳǳĥ顣
ڿɽĵľʱǸҪĵĵģЩ꣬ɽҲûùʧǶɽκ̶̳ҲǷǳߵġ
ˣȻҲЩڷһá˼֮󣬱㲻Լͬܵɽ΢ѯôһ¡
ЩӣڿƵͳʱҲرǵתսߣܵƽ΢
˵µ˲٣άƽҲ٣Ȼƽſͨ΢ûж೤ʱ䣬΢˿ҲǷǳŵġ
ľ޵Щ˿ڿ֮ǰЩйصƵ֮Ҳвһֵ˽ĳΪ˵CPۣƽ΢£ȻҲвٺ
ǰο͹ҲΪǵҲǷǳӴģģЩڷ۵Ҳͽıѹȥ
һЩȽǵķ˿ڰοƽ֮ҲûȥЩڷ۶
ȥһЩƽȽĶһңҵһЩϵĶ
缸ʱƽȻûʲôԴûзϷ
ȻܶʱףеʱҲӵôϷ΢һĽɫ
ҵƽЩ֮Щ˾ͽƽеĽɫȫ˳һϼŵϡ
ƽݼΣЩϼˣȻҲһȷ֪
ģС㵽ıذ֮ڣҪ֪СϢ
ݼδҲе̫˰ɣ˲ľͽ߷ϡ
˵ˣɽǾԲʧģСݼĿ˵ʲôë
ڿĶǳƬ˭֪Щͷʱ򣬵˶ٴβŹ
˭˵أһΣҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ʹƽЩϼıȷʵ޿ޣǺܹҵָȥ˵Ĵ̡


27 
"Щ˿ñ˺Ҳ, ԼмＸҲ𣿿¾ǽǧٴΣҲһ̲ǽࡣ\"
"ЩҲ֪ԽУ, ǲǴûкúõչӰ
"Խ, Ǹ, ѧ춼Ҫǿ
Щ˾ĪӵԼȱԽУԼǸʲôʲôУɾԼȱ㡣
Ҫ˵, һεƽûʲôʵԵ˺
ָһֵķ˿Ҳøʶ
Ϸ, кܶ˲֪ģ, ո۾ľޡ
̫ڼ, ʲôʱ˯ŵģԼҲ, ӻǷǳ׼ʱ, ˡ
˫۵˲䣬Ϳڴ߱Լƽľʶü
ΪָԭߣҲƽҲȻҲһģľ޲֪, Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯ġ
"ѧ㡣һ, 㺬ԼԼĵǡ
ƽһַ, תͷľһ, "Ϻá"
"Ϻá"ľ޴ӴƽµӰ, лһĨۡ
ƽûٿڣľ޵ȴЩŹľſҪѯʵʱ䲻վϴԡ˹ȥ
ЩֵĿƽһۣľ޵߲Сɨʱ΢΢˺죬˳Լļĳڵ
ҲΪղŵƽЩ̫Ȼϴ֮󣬳ľȥϴʱ任·
֮Ҳûеľޣ뿪ˣϴľޣ죬һĭܳʱ򣬷ѾûǸ˵Ӱˡ
Щʧԭվãľ޲תϴԡҡ
뿪ƽ˿ͻľͬ齶ߵⳡϷ
ƽѾĥţⳡϷˣ͸ɽ˵һľްȥ顣
뵽Լ俴ķ⣬ƽıҲЩ̫Ȼˡ
Χ˿ֲûʲô˵ʱӣҲ֪ԼΪʲô顣
óֻ׼պ췢ϢԼȥˣֻոʾ㲻ڶ
ƽıһ˲ĴͺãȻ֮ŷӦЩϢġ
΢ƽĵһǽ΢ʾصһ˽š
ִ󲿷ֶһЩοĻżмϢЩϢƽˡ
һ·˿ᵽǸƵһϵķͣƵѾѵһˡ
ƽЩпǰڵǶͿʼ˰
Щ飬ƽǲôģΪ鿪ʼɽʱƽǾЩǸġ
պ췢˸Ϣƽȥ˾顣
"ƽƽһɽ㿴
"һеֻƽ˼Ÿοڡ
"Ϸ飬ӦҲ֪˰ɡ"
ɽ۾ⰡȻҲƽСҲѾ֪ˡ
Բ𡣡ƽڵǸı̫ڲĻɽҲᱻԼˡ
ɽȦôˣӦûǵһΣѡɫ۹⡣
ɽһ²ŷӦƽΪʲôҪԼǸ
֮Ի飬Ϊ˰οƽҪ̫顣
ƽʵǷǳõģֻҪƽܹӳʵȻܹЩݼ˱졣
ɽȦôˣʲôĴûм飬ͶκεӰ졣
ʵ֤һУԣЩԼԼˣɽȫµġ
ֻҪܹڳֳõƷôЩνɣȻҲɢˡ
ɽûбӰ죬ЩƽģԱƬû뵽ԼǸĵˡ
ҵʲôǸɽЦЦȦӾѾϰˡ
Լ۹⣬ҲǲʧģԣȥЩеûģʵǱ졣
ɽûȥһεƵʲô˷ųȥ뷨
Ƭ˶ӣʱҪҳˣҲһ׵飬ɽɲΪ˷ʱ䡣
һŬġƽ򴽣û˵ʲôһúõŬԲٷ֮ǰˡ
ȻţäĿȻҲãԼѾһĲˡ
ƽûбһεӰ죬ɽûٶ˵ʲôˣڿľ޳߹ʱ򣬱ǳʶȤ뿪ˡ
ѧ㣬ôҲȵңľһ˫۾ƽôһίʧ䡣
е뿪ˡ˫ӳӰ˫ۣƽʹĽһ䡣
ѧԵһ𣿡ľ̽Եһ䣬ʵûбֻ̫ǲκһԸƽദĻѡ
û뵽ǣ仰ʳ֮󣬱㿴ƽĵ˵ͷ
ǿסҪԭرеƽУľޱıسŻױ˹ȥ¶ԷͻȻһ㡣
еͣƽüͷһһ϶Ϊû˯ãֱڻЩԺڴӦľҪ
Ժ󣬻ǱҪʱʱ̵̿߾ѽƽʡһ֮󣬲ͽԼĻױ䡣
ȵպФƬ֮ŷ֣ǴѾ֮ˡ
ʦ㣬ΪʲôǶԸҽһЩأ
Ϫڴϱ̵ĸ첲һ˫Ĵ۾һգգĿŶԷ
ţ̺Щмܲסʶıƿߡ
㽲Щ飬ΪЩ鲢ûʲôýġ
̵Щ䣬Ϫܹ֮һ˿ܡ
򴽣뵽ԼļƻϪҲûȥһЩˡ
ɿ˱̸첲˫֣ת§Դ˶ԷĶϡ
Ҳ뿪Լʦ㣬ȥ磬Ҳ粢ûжôá
ֻԼ˫ȥȷ֮󣬲ܹİ
ԥһ£ϪͷСʦòϲɽϵ𣿡
ôءϪͷɽеףʦ㣬ô᲻ϲء
ǲϲɽϵǶˡ
չüģҲ֪ΪΣܾЩֱϪ仰֮ЩĲŽɢˡ

һ֣ƽľޱԼ˫վٶ֮죬˲졣
ľ޲ûΪƽⷬٶʧǲĴӴ
ϹõЦ⣬ɽһ䣬ô費Ҫһ
ƽһ۵˫ֶ˶٣ż˳Լ°ڡ
ˡɽط֮˱˸OKơ
ƽ˿鶼˼֣ľޣǸղŵıΣȻҲ
Բ⣬֮ԻдһʣҲֻҪƽˡ
Ȼûа취ȥһˣľ޵黹Ƿǳģܹˣ˻ûƿʲôء
ľӰʦҲ̫˰ɣվһʱ̫CPˡ
ǰ̫ףЩCP˵һʲôܹˡ
ͷɱղŵͷɱ㿴ûУɱΪλ˰ɡ
ҿĵCPģˣԿѾˡ
˵ƽı֣׻᲻Ϸôı֣޿ޡ
ıֺܺãȫԼʵӳˣסһ𣬻Ǻôİ
ɽЦе߽ˣ֮仹һЩ֫ӴϷݣٽ
ƽ죬ջѡ˱죬ɽⷬ˵ǽ˵Ļȫ»ȥˡ
ƽȥϢɽųԼߵľü˯һĸоΰ
ǵȻǷǳˡľǵЦ⣬ôѹѹȥ
֮ĶԻƽȻҲһ֪ġ
ΪעѾתƵĵطˣǸվպԱߵŮ
ƽҲˣŮӦþǴպչˡ
Էһɫзһɫı߿۾ϲûʲôı顣
ΨһͷɫĶ̷ܹ˿ͳ
Էĵһۣ˾ãһôϲ˽ˡ
ԵЩƵƽǷǳģҲֻرһӡ
߸һҶ໰»ĻЩԲ
ƽλѩԺչ㣬ӽ쿪ʼҪҵĹˡ
ԵĻպʵͦƽġ
ҲҪһܹܲչ˺ƽǹ˾Ǳߴߵļ
һѵҪȥһֱƽߡ
Ҫ뿪𣿡ƽѩ΢΢˵ͷ
šպ˵ͷҴҪ뿪ˣʲôĻֱӴҵ绰
պ쿴ȥЩ̫ģڿľ޵ʱǷݲľ˼֡
ֱڶ֪֮䣬һʲôúܲ
ƽպߣ򴽣ЦŵֲСˣ㲻ҪôҵģĻһ绰ġ
á֪ƽȥ̸۹ľ޵κ飬պҲȥ
ٴζƽ֮պѩһЩҪע飬뿪Ƭ
뵽պ뿪ʱַĲµģƽ;ЩЦ
֪պڵľ֮飬Ҳһ仰˵ġ
߲׷Ǹ˵ӰƽҲ˾ûϢ
ľʦʦһֱڶ㿴ءФľķü
ľ̻ͷȥȴֻƽڸߵһµŮ˵ʲô
˵Զ̸֮ݡ
ƽ˽⣬Ҳܹóƽڵ״̬ǷǳɵģҲ˵ڵǲġ
ľ޵תƵѩϣͷţ£ңϸϸĴһ顣
ҲΪľеĵ̫ˣƽ˵ŻѩҲˡ
̧ͷһۣþͿľ޺εߣѩһ£òĳľ޵˵ͷջߡ
Ǹ˭ľü˰ôǺ޲ܹȥǿˣǱ־롣
Ӧþպʦҵ˰ɣ֮ǰպ˵
Ф꿴Զ˵Ӱգգ۾ôԶԶĿȥ˵ʣǳء
ľ򴽣ԥҪҪȥˢһڸеʱɽˡ
ΪⲿŮǣȻƽŮһӵкܶĿʱ䡣
ΪЩѩĴڣľϷݣɽ˵ûʱ򣬱첽ƽ˹
ѧ㣬λǣ߽֮ľ޲ŷ֣ѧСѧʻͦƵġ
ҵƽġ
ãҽľޡľ֣ʮĿѩ
ľʦãҽѩѩûпľ޶Լĵһ㣬ʮֵĸ֡
ľüԼѩĵ⣬ֻΪոƽѩ֮ľЩζˣԷ
ȷѩԼûκвԵʱ򣬱㽫עѩ˻Ȼƽ
ѧ㣬չһĻҴȥԺóԵİɣþöûгԵǼҵĶˡ
ľͷƽڴеţ㲻
˵Ǽҵ꣬ǰѧУʱƽȥһСԵꡣ
һĵطþǴѧȥĻҲͰСʱ
ƽתͷľһۣس˳ǣϧǼҵѾˡ
ˣľ޵ɫ˽ǰʱ˾Ǽҵ꣬ȻҲ֪ǼҵѾʮˡ
Ҳ˵ҵ׼һֱȥģֱǸɲΪֹôͣأ
֪ľ޵ɻһ㣬ƽ˿ײꡣ
尢̵Ķĵطһҵ꣬뿪İ֮󡣡
ľ޷ϥϵ˫ȻսɫҲЩѿ
ѧ㡣
ľޣûʲôһɲġľٴοڵĻᣬƽ˵뿪ˡ
ƽ뿪ıӰľ޵ɫǸӡ
֮ЦǣһԼϷĳƽ˹ȥ
"ѧ֪尢¿ĵʲôط𣿵ˣѧԴȥ𣿡
һЦŮˣƽЩĮĵ:"֪"
ɲľ޻ղǷҪ˼ûбӰ쵽еҪôߡ
"ѧ㲻֪ûϵܻ֪ġ"ľ޽ֱЦеĿƽ
ǲ֪ܻ֪Ͳţһһȥʣʲ
ƽûҪľޣľȴԸĻᡣ
"ѧ㣬ҵǼҵ꣬Ǿһȥɣü궼ûг尢̵ˣһġ"
"ȥ"
ƽŵ㿹ܣľ뿪֮ҲûȥǼҵˡ
Ǽҵ꣬ǰľһȥĵطΪرܵĵط»ЩطǸ˵Ӱӡ
"ѾϲǼҵζˡ"
ľ޵ЦһҲ֪Щʲô֮󣬲ʵ:"ѧԸңϲʲô"
"ûʲôϲġ"ƽľ޵˫ۣһһٵĵ
"ǡ"ľͻȻ߽ƽ³һ䣬"أ"
ƽһЩ㱣졣
"ѧ㣬Ǿ˵ˣҴ尢¿ĵʲôطǾһȥɡ"
ƽ˲䣬ľ޳
ƽüЩĵ:"ҿûдӦ㡣"
ľЩȵ˫ۣ"ѧ֮ǰҲûоܾҰⲻʹӦ"
"ʲôʱ򡭡"˵ʱƽͻȻͣҲǷӦˣľ֮ǰʱȷʵûоܾ
"ѧ㣬Ӧ˱˵Ҫ"ľЦеĵ
ƽͻȻЩϬľ޵ЦرĴۡ
"أ"
"ľޣӦҵأ˵һֱߵ㣬Ҳû"
˱ۣѹĵ׵ѹƽĳ˳ǣðھڼ䡣
ҪҵǼҵ꣬Ҳһ飬Ҫǣǰʱ尢˵ǵĶӸϱȥдƴˡ
Ҳ˵ҲͲУͬ⣬Ҫԭ
ľ޵ЦϣƽӦ˸ûдӦѹû𰡡
Ǽҵ꿪УϷڼ䣬ûʱȥ
ľԭȵľһһǸ˵̫˰
"˵ģǴѧԱߵǸ׷۵"ѩ䲻ðһ䡣
"֪"
⻰һ˵̼߱ѩϡ
ʹǱһһ߶ţѩҲû˿Ĳʣַ˷۾ĵ:"֪"
ľ޵˲ˣǰһ"֪ڵĵʲôط"
"֪"ѩƮƮһ䡣
ƽüͷ˲ôû뵽ſʼϰСˡ
"Ӹ΢š"ľͳֻȫԼղŶ˵ĳӡ
ƽվһԣ˽ϵʽߴߴ˵һЩ飬ͻȻЩͷۡ
òľ޵ķ˿ɣȻĻôһ͸ľ޴Ļأ
ʵƽˣѩɲľ޵ķ˿ȵʶʱѾˡ
"ط"ѩԼͼƬľ޾Щȣܲ
Ǽҵȷʵԭĵطˣǿ˸ԭǼҵֻһֵĵط
"ܽģϹȥҲò˶೤ʱ䡣"ѩ˵Żƽһۡ
ƽ:"˵"
"ѧ㣬ǽ磬Ǿȥɡ"ľ޵Ŀۿɼġ
ƽȴһ㶼Ĳĺص֮ǰǸԼ˰ȻܱŽҵ̬
ƽκڣ鶼Ѿɶˡ
õӦľޣҲȥϷˣҲΪ̫ڴƽһȥԼˣľ޽Ŀ˵ǳˡ
ŸϷԱҲǳӣҲζţһεԭƻǰ˲١
"Ǵ˼Ѫ"ľ޵ıɽ˿ë
ԭЩ覴õĶԱıҲɽ⡣
뵽ľ޸ղһֱƽһɽͻȻȤյľ޵ߣһԵĵ:"ǲʲôϢˣ"
ľЩĿһԵɽ"ûʲô"
"ûʲô˼Ѫһƭ㡣"
ľ˵Ļɽһֶŵġ
"ôΣҽֺ㻹Ⱑ"ľü
"⣬ô᲻أǳ״̬ãٶļɡ"
ľһϵзľٶ϶ǸƽйصģΪ˵cpۣɽڿЩץӷεİ
ҪǣΪһϸCPۣҪʱʱ̹̿עһλĽȰ˭ıء
"𰡡"ɽ⻰һľ޿ɾͼˣΪܹ°࣬ɲΪӳ°ʱ䰡
ɽһʵҿһģľ޳췭˸ۣȴҲòѡЭ˭˼ǵء
ط˼˵㰡˭滹Ҫ˼أ"ҲûʲôѧӦһȥˡ"
"ʲô"ɽʶĺһ֮ʶԼ̫ˣѾˣ˶Ͷ˹
ЩȻҲƽŴһˣƽЩɻ
ӵһʱ;⣬Ҫ˵⣬˵
ҡҡͷƽܿͽɻ׳ԺҪǵģǴҪľ޳ȥ⡣
ƽջߣľ޲˿ЩĿɽ\"бҪô\"
"ҵȻ˰"ɽӣȻЩ˼ΪҲпԭİ
ƽľ޵̬ȣǿģٲ̶̼ܹıİܲΪ˯һϣ˾ͱǰ˰ɡ
ƽô˵ľҲͲô̬˰"òʲô˵ֶ˰ɣ"
"ޣʲôм˵ֶΣ"˵ľҲЩ
˵ʲô˵ֶΣҲҪϣȷʵˣĻġ
"ô˵Ļᣬͺúðհɡ"ɽЦЦһ˲䣬ǻʲôһ㣬Щп
ľЩֵĿɽһۣʶڣɽ¶ִЩ˵顣
"᲻ǻԼ𣿻ʲôСѧһĽڡ"
ԼЩԣɽ̵˹
"Ͳҵãcpأ˼˵ҵcp"
ľޱɽⷬתעȻҲոҪ˵ĻĶƽˡ
ݺݵصɽһۣ㳯Żױ˹ȥɽıӰ̽
ƽжôĲԸ⣬վˣױķűʱƽ̾˿
"ѧ㣬˵ǿˡ"ŸԼŵѩ˵ͷľ޵߱䵽˱Լƽϡ
ʱƽϷǴһܹĳڸľһȥ飬ƽǷǳܵġ
ľ޾ûвһһϵЦݶû˿ļ"ѧ㣬㡣"
ŹϵУƽ˳аӵʱ䣬Ŵλվ
߳ľޣϵЦҲЩƽ㿹ܺΪѵʱҪ˵ˡ
ͷסˣʱľҲ̲סȥ룬ôǲǴˣǲĲӦȥƽ
ǲǾͲӦûӦôƽӦǸΪʹࡣ
ԺвĻƽ˵Ƿ"ȻˣͲҪٻ˰"
ѡǲǴˣľʶץؿڵ·ͻʹɫ˼֡
ƽ߳ʱ򣬿ľľץؿڵ·԰׵ɫһ˿̵ʹࡣ
"ľޡ"
Դ˼Ѿʶ˷Ӧ
ץԼ첲˫֣ԼԷǻûüεĵǣľ޾ԼȥģһһĻ˹
ղŻھЩ飬ת˲ͱ׵ȥˣ۶վǰˣԼ˹Լϲķ
"ѧ㡣"
ƽһһջԼ˫֣ϵҲЩĮ"ȥҽԺ"
"ûˣѧ㵣ˡ"ľԼԼɫܹÿһ㡣
ЦòײƽӦԼȥɲΪԼԭ˰
ϾƽֻӦ˽ûдӦ£Ҳ԰
˵ûʲô⣬⣬ҲҪȥ
ƽ촽䶯һ£һ뵽ԼղʶΪ˵ĻҲ̽˶
ľҲѾСˣĲҲߣѹͲҪİ
ͨһ֮ƽҲͲپˣ˴к֮Ҳûľޣ뿪ˡ
ȻƽԴԼָֻ̬֮ǰ̸˸ղŵԱȣľ޾Լֿˣһ˵׷ȥ
ФѾһˣ˳֡
ڿ쵽ǰʱѩ˼򿪸ʻĳȥ
󼸲ƽ:"ɻѩǹģΪԼӦȸԼţȻԼȥ"
һڵľޣ˴򿪳ŵʱһ£־Լˡ
Ȼûа취⣬Ŀܿ˰ɣȥ֮ƽ̱۾˾һҪ˵ļơ
ľȫģֻҪܹƽһͺܿˣľ޵Ŀⰲ£Ŀռ䲢Ǻܴ
֮ҪһģƽҪ⣬ռô󣬳ܹԼӳȥ
ľ޵С˼ƽôܻῴ͸أΪ͸ˣҲЩ΢
Щŭһ˿˿ϲúѹĿ˵ζӳ£ܲζ˫ۣһޱ飬ʲô
ľޣڸʻѩĲ͵⣬ҲΪӶľٶʧӰˡ
տʼʱľ޻ܹһЩеûתһԼעʱһãͺѲȥעʱ˿̸һˡ
ľ޵ߣһһӴתƵ˳ڣһһģתƵƽϡ
ƽһֳֻգͷ˳ϣһֻϥϡ
ľ޵˫۴ƽϥϵֻƣͣƽĲ
ƽĺƯĽëܣգһ£ܹò˵ĺʱľ޾Щġ
ƽ˺ôһᣬһλصƽϥϵֻϣЩˡ
ƽĽëĲһ£ûȵܹճһߣƽǿɿˡ
ɻ³أԭµǿֱ
ֱϵ¶ȣƽԼ˶ҪˣӦ˫ۣ浱Լ˯ˣʲô֪أƽͻȻЩòˡ
ľ޻ῴװ˯һᣬƽѡ˫ۣ뽫Լִľ޵г
"ѧ㣬ˡ"ľŤӣһֻҲ˳ץסƽ
ƽ:""
"š"ƽɫĳ˳Լ֣һΣûڶΣȻûг
"ĿĵػҪһᣬѧ˾˯ɣȵطҽ㡣"
ľ˵Żƽ߿˿"ҵļԽѧ㿿һµġ"
"ˣҿųҲǿԵġ"䣬ӱһͣ˲֮ǰ˹ȥ
ľ޷Ӧ죬ץƽ־һǰһ֮󣬱ֱӽƽԼĻ"ѧ㣬û°ɡ"
Ϊٶ˵ľ뼫ϤζڱǼ⡣
ƽһ˲Ļ㱣ľ˲һԼʧǡ
ƿľޣƽֱӣһ·ʱ򣬲ŷֵĲԾ
ʮָ۵ֻ֣ƽ۽һﻹĲŹһ˿һץסĻᰡ͸ղôһĻңҲΪץסĻˣ
ƽ˳֣ûнԼֳľԽԽˡ
̧ͷȥıľޱ˫۵˯գƽǿҪЦˣղõôͱˡ
"ľʦʦû°ɡ"ܹ·ϴܹȥֻСФ˿ͬʱˡ
"û¡"û˿˫۵ļƽ򴽣ҲûִҪԼˡ
߷˴⣬ƽĵ¶ȣԼĵЩС
ûٸоƽ۾ľޣҲֳЦ⡣


28 
ȻӵĿռЩС, ֮·;Ҳû˿˵һ仰
ղƣ˵ľǼҵԶһ, ٶǣһƽ֡
·;Զ, վҲоͷ, Фͣ³ѩ˵˾䵽˵ʱһֱװ˯ľ, 㲻ò˫ˡ
Щұ֪ģĿĵ֮, ȻҲûװȥıҪˡ
ǣһֻ֣ľ޼ʹٲ, Ҳòɿ, ľһɿƽֽ˳
ſտյ, ľ޶ٶЩ, ̾˿óñӿִò˳
ڵôȣϵʱ򣬻һС䣬ԴñӿҲôͻأ
ľһ̴յƽߣһ۽˫ֲڶƽ, ü, ڷ
ľ޵תת, ƽΪͿ֪Ѷ, ǿɾ̫Сˡ
"ѧ㣬ǰûء"ľޱ˵ֱƽĸ첲, "Ҳ֪尢̻ϲʶҡ"
ƽһĮȻĿűԼ첲ҪԼϵŮˣȨһ˵ܿ͵óԼ޷ѵĽۡ
û뵽겻˵ƤԽԽ˰ˣƽջľ޵Ϊ
ҹϵнϻǷǳֵģʳн֣˾͸ˣһۿȥǣ֣ͬζ¡
дֵĺͯлŸ첲Ц˵ʲôŮӣдŶϹЦкŮ
һĹжƣǿԷҷݵʱ
"Ѿλˣǿȥɡ"ҵ绰ѩҲǳ˿֮ǰľҪߵʱʹ绰ʹˡ
ܿϧǸʱѾûλˣ飬ѩû˵ɲΪǸƻľ޼ƻˡ
ľ޵ĿҲΪǼҵ꣬һѩܹġ
ղžǶԷĵ绰˵һˣλòͿճ
֮ǰ̸оܹĳǼҵģѩȻҲϣȥ֮ŷûλöʧ
ûľ޸ƽ֮ǵСžţѩѾˣΪһϸcpۣҪһ˫ܹ۾
֪ɹĳΪƽʱж࿪ģĵģǵ֮ĹϵĲôʱ
һ˲䣬ȲҪɤӣȻѸ£ĵcpġ
"λã"ľһ±ЩпˣѾ뿪üˣû˼ҵĵ껹ǸС氡
"¿ĵ֮ǰǼҵ˲٣׷֮Ҳ˲ٶ۸ȽУζҲһԺѧΧȺĻӭ"
·ϵʱѩ򵥵ĽǼҵһ¡
ȼ˵Ŀĵصʱ򣬷ֵѾˣȥ쳣֣ľ޻ƽԴʱЩ̫Ӧ
ҵ껹֮ǰװ޷񣬳˿ռ΢һ֮Ⲣûʲôı仯ֻص˹ȥĻ㱸С
ֻǸʱǣǻٵʱȥԶǴûĳ
"ѩȴȥɣһȥ㶫"˵Ӳ˲ͷϵĺ¥ָָ
"õġ"ѩӦһ"Ķӣ˵Լĵ⣬ͻ尢һˡ"
"㾭оǺϤӡ"Ф꿴һۻȺ֮䴩ӡ
ѩɫĿһˣ"ҼҾ⸽ӺСʱϲ尢̵׷ۣһԣͳ˶ʮˡ"
˵ǸʱҲͷľҪȥһ׷ۣȴһζûƽľްһ룬ôźء
Ϊĳˣ˴֮ѩ˳ȥٴλʱ򣬱㿴ƿ֭첲滹һס
"֪ϲʲôζģҾ˲ͬζġ"֭£ѩ˵ϣ߷ľ޺ƽϡ
"ǱȽϻ尢׷ˣҵͺˣѧأ"
ƽ򴽣"ҲҪͺˡ"üûٳζˣҲȷʵЩġ
"ġ"
ģ㿴ŵ㼸ɣ㾭ˣʲôóȻ"ľ޴ѩĻ
"á"ѩҲʲôˣù˵׼뿪ˡ
"һ¡"ľ޿ƽһۣԥһ£ǿںסѩ"롭ȵơ"
ѩʶıתƽϣֻһ˲ջߣ"֪ˡ"
ƽüҲû˵κĻľ벻Ⱦƣȶ٣ҲѾܹȥɵˡ
ΪʱѾ֪ǱȽ϶ģΪҪȺܳʱֵܹǣû뵽Сʱ֮ǵĶѾϵĲˡ
ѧ㣬尢׷ζǾˣԴӳ尢׷֮
ٳ׷ۣܾò˵ʲô´εչĻһΰɡ
"һΡ"׷£һ˫۾Լľޣƽ˹ǣΪ̸³˼֡
ľգգ۾Ҳû̫ʧ˵ˡ
֮ǰˣСĻƽӦ֮仹˼ΪܵĽӴԼѾ׬ˡ
Ȼղŵ鱻ܾˣܹõӦѾǸ֮ϲˡ
ҪǣľƽԼ̬Ѿ˱仯ˣԺеǻᣬ´ٽͺ˰
һԵĹ֭ƽһձӸԼ˱ƣŶ˻˻ξƿ"˭Ҫȡ"
"ҲȾơ"
"Ὺ"Фʡ
"ᡣ"
Ф۾һ"Ǵ鷳㿪ˡ\"˵ҲѩشӸԼ˰뱭
ԴӳΪľ޵֮ͺٺȾˣΪҪʱʱ̱̿ѣҲΪԼԭľ޵顣
첻һٿȷûʲôģԼǿ΢һġ
˿ھƱһФ꣬ѩȻҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ƽľһӵİ׾ƣ۽ǿָФܹһľ޵ģɿǸžƱһŮҲָ֪ˡ
˵ٺȵĻƽҲ˵ȻѾ˸Էֻάͬ¹ϵҲЩʲôöԷ顣
ľڶƱʱĵĿƽһֶۣԷûиԼʱٶЩʧġ
ǰľս˾ƱôԸǰһأ˰


29 
"ˡ"ľһνߴյʱ, ƽȥˡ
֮һʼûֹľޣһΪľ޾Լ
һԭҲ, ڵԼûʸ, Ȼ, һԭ
ãѾüûмˣľҲѾ˽Ǹˡ
ǿľһһ, ǺˮһͣĸԼƵʱ򣬶ľ޵ĵ, ǻеĹ˼ɡ
"ţû"ӱ˸ˣľһ֮, ͼԼıӸ
ôܻ, Ѱ֪ǰϲѧ㡣
"ѧ, û"ľգգ۾, ˫־׼ȥƽ
ƽ㣬ľǶˣǶ㿪˾Ҫˤˡ
һʼʱҲûľװľ޺ȥЩƿɶʵʵġ
˵겻, ľ޵ľ, ǿǰ׾, һƿ׾, Фһʼȵİ뱭ʣµĻȫľ޵Ķˡ
, ƽľޱԼľװҲˡ
"ѧ㡣"ľ޲˲ƽĲӣ˶Ҫƽˡ
ƽ̾һ첲Ȧסľ޵ֹˤ
ƽû뵽ǣһٶȴľ޵ĵôߡ
ֻղŻǹϵˣһΣǳ׵׵Ĺˡ
űԼĲӣԼԴͣԼļһƽ˺ڡ
"ѧ㣬Һ㰡"ľڿֱƽĻģƽĻ꣬˸λã̾˿
ǼϤֻϢľ޵Դ˶ȻЩ̫Լڵ˼ΪʲôЩᣬЩȻһ㶼Ҫˡ
ƽɫȻЩѿľ޵ÿһζҪϼ֡
뽫ȥɣȴԼľٶ˵ֻܽӣĽȦԼĻ
ڶѩЩزǰһĻԼΡ
ԿĶѩ˿ڿˮΪˣƽܹܺõĿԼڿ˱һʱѾгˡ
ҲΪѩֱ̫ˣҲΪƽ仹˵Ĵڡ
˵ڰн㣬ƽͫһ죬Ҫһ°ɣ־ôʱҪǽͣһִ˵ĸо
ѩգգ۾ڻˣʶһֱűˣһǳòΪ
ƣһƽˣѩһĨĹâƽڱվȥˡ
ƽ򴽣֪ѩǲǿʲôˣڿرܡ
һۻˣƽӿһУľޱ𣬱뽫һԵĵϣȴıסĲӲԸ֡
ȹԹţȥ㵹ˮȡƽûз֣˵仰ʱжôᡣ
ҲҪˮѧ㣬Ҳˮƽ˵Щʲôľ޶Ը֣뿪ƽĻֻĻ
ƽľ޵ĸ첲ˣȵˮһġ
ҲҪѧ㣬㲻ҪߣҪ뿪ңûкҲúˮġľޱƽ첲˫ֽ˽
ûôɵŲҪأҪѧߣﶼҪȥ
ҲߵģҾֻȥ㵹ˮԣֺòáƽԽˣҲںСһ
ҲҲҪľҡҡͷƽĲμѧ㲻Ҫˣôĺѧ㶼ͷһۡ
ҺѹҲͣĺͣĿޣѧҵһܿʧˡ
ӣľ޲żѧ㣬ʲôԴңңɲԲҪҪҡ
ֻҪһ뵽ѧ᲻ңҵľͺʹѹľԼҪˡ
ƽգգ۾ҲЩᣬľ޵ЩһѼ⵶ڲͣġ
ľ޵ᣬ˳Ų·ʱ򣬸ƽͱˡ
ľޣûǸԼ˵Щʲôأ
ľ뿪ЩҲʹĲԼҲҹϴ棬뵽衣
벻ףľΪʲô᲻ΪʲôһټԼ
ҹҲһεʹԼľ֮Ի᲻ǲΪǲΪ
ҹһһεĥԼҲһһεĥԼĵġ
ҧҧץľ޵ĸ첲¶׼Լϵ˸žͱƿˡ
˵һڰн㣬ƽ촽䶯һ£ջǰֶû˵ڡ
ѩգգ۾ȻǸڽĺܲʱ򣬿ڣرа
Ϊһ˿ǣ̲סֻһٿˣԼʱǰյ̫ˡ
ѩЩʲôƽȻֻ֪֪ڵպΡ
ҡȳȥһ¡ѩЩ̫ˣƽβеʱ
ýź붼ܹ֪Է϶ǿ޹ˣ˵Ǹ§ƽͷƽľˡ
ȻҲֹһФѾ˯ˣ˫վſڵľٶЩˡ
"æɡ"ƽڣȻѩѾˣԷҪôԲҲֹܹ˵ġ
ҪҲЩ飬ԽȥͣЧ˳Ȼˡ
ƽľ޵ĸ첲Ĳľľ޷βѩƣûжľ޿
ľ޴ƽļϣڵõҪԼʱѩſ˯Фꡣ
Ȼ˶֣ҪһеȫԼϵŪϳ˻Ǻķһġ
ƽ˳Ľľ޷ŵ֮ǸоԼ˶Ҫˣʺܲ˵Ƿǳǳ
ǰ겡صʱὫԼڼＸҲ̤һôʿ֪жôĲ
"ʦȵˮɡ"
"лл"˿ˮһԱ߿ԼѾı۾ľޣƽ̾һһˣľ˯ĸһ㡣
ͨӾһĻѩǣ뵽ղſһĻֻЩĵġ
ȻһʼʱֻǵҪĿ˵cpڼ֮ϣ˿һġ
Ⲣֻǳһcp۵˾Ϊܹоﶼб˴˵ġ
ȻǸĸ̥ԸҲȷʵûʲô飬ĸоûг⡣
ˣ໥ϲģǣһӵ


30 
صƵ֮, ѩФ׼ط䣬ƽںѩһ
\"ʦ"ѩʡ
ƽ죬ƺҲҪ˵ĻЩ, Щ, ѩŵФ, ջ̾˿"ûʲôϢ"
\"ʦҲǡ\"ѩûͣ, ƿű˷䣬ƽľվ˹
վԼķſ, ű۾ڳ˯ľޣƽ˳, ղ֮Խסѩ
һ, չФ꣬ľ޽ѩ, Ȼ֪, ѩһϵе뷨
е㺦¸ľദȻľ˯ˣޱȹɣ˭ܹ֤ͻһ˯ء
һƵ˻ʲô˭Ҳ֪, ľ޺ʲôӵ, Ҳ֪
֮ûѩ, ҲΪԭ, ֪ľ޻ʲô
ȻǸѾûʲôϵ, ˸ѾûκεĹϵˣʲôҲ޹ˡ
һ뵽ڷ귢飬ûа취侲ˣľ޻ѩͬ
ϣǻ⣬˸иܵĽӴ
"ľްľޣҵ׸ô찡"ľ޲һγ硣
˵ˣȴϲˣ߲׽Ϳ˵Լ׵׵ӶԷ
ڣÿľ޵۵׿ص㺵ʱѾŵıһһ£ٴ
ľޣԷʲôûзһ׽ԼģԼǿŻΪ˶Էٴࡣ
ľ޷˴ϣŶԷ˯գͨβ˴ſǻί˵ԼĻ
"ίҲŶ԰"ľ޵ĵβƽһ̾Ϣ
ԥһ£ֽ⿪ľ޳Ŀӣֽ֮˷ԼĻľ޽ѵˡ
һ֮󣬿ľû˿ѵļƽԼ˺þõ裬ȥϴԡҽˮ
ľ޲ͲӣԼ©ĸ첲ٴνëˮʪƽ߷ľ޵ǺͶϡ
֪һ»˯ĲϾûиľ޻·Ĵ㣬ڵĹϵ
ȣͲӻԣĵطδЩԽ˰ƽëԥ˺ܾúܾã֪Լòָ֣ô֡
ջҧҧ۾ƿľ޵·һĶʱҲͬһĳ˻
ľ޵·£ˮҴææĽϴԡң˺ôһ˳ȻĶܹĳĲƽ
ڸղŵֻһ֪ƽ˿ɸߵ߾ͿԭӦ˯ĺܳˣʱȴһ˫Ĵ۾
ƽһһĨңںܿȶԼ"ˣоô"
Ȼƽ΢΢ȴ
ľգգ۾ҲΪո˯ѵԭЩãڿƽһ˲䣬͵شӴ
"ѧ㡣"ΪԼϲˣЦ⣬ģᡣ
"š"ƽӦһ
"Ҹղ˯"ľ۾סƽ֡
"ˣղ˯һᡣ"ľԼֻ֣ƽûж˳ľ޵
ľͷ"Һˡ"˵ŻһָָԼƺǾ÷ǳ˼顣
"š"ƽ˵ͷ"һᣬȥ㵹ˮ"
"Ҳˮ"ľ޲ûɿƽһֻԼԴƺԼΪʲô
ƽüҲûм֣"Ϣһȥϴɣϴ˯᲻ġ\"
ϴ֣ľûпתͷľޣһ˫ںڵĴ۾ģҲ֪Щʲô
ƽ˿ڿˮľ޵˫۶Щë׼˵Լȥϴ裬ľһµʱ
ľͻȻѹ£"ѧ㣬ˡ"ԴƽĲ˲䣬ľ޵ģҲġ
˵ľ˵һ˲ƽЩֲƽھһ֮Ҫƿϵˡ
ķӦͶʼûľ޵Ŀ죬սִľ޵ļϣϵ˱ҧһڡ
ƽһľ޼ϵҲΪʧȥԱ߻䡣
"ľޣ֪֪ڸʲôϽ"ƽее֣еĵط
ľһʧȥΪ巢ûƿϵˣƽֻĺľ޵֡
Ҳûľѹ֮һЩԽ飬ʱ飬ȫ֮а
"ѧ㣬֪ϲ㣬ĺϲϲ㡣"ļ̌ͷĿƽ"ѧ㣬ɲŮѡ
ҷģһõģһеĹȫϽһὫҵȫ㡣
Ⱳֻᰮѧһˣһҵȥ㣬ѧ㣬㣬ɲԸһ"
µˣľ޵ĺܿ죬ãԼס죬пܴ
ƽͻȻͷˣܸӣ֪ԼǸÿ޻ǸЦ
ϲľʣϲģʹ˲뿪꣬ʹޱȵʹࡣ
ҲҪϣǷŲﻹҲֻˣٴӵ˻ŵĸо
˺ô׵ľܹȥģҲΣ˻ͻȻ뿪ͻȻ֡
Ҳ˻עԼ˵ϲԼĻҲֹһεĸԼһ١
ѡԭԸԭĲǶҲܹԭԼ˺
ϣʱȴʼûг֣Ѿٱ˿ʱȴˡ
Ҫǣǰ۶Լ׵ļһǸһͻԼ˵ʲôʲô
ƽԼӦЦģҲЦˣΪʱ˿̵һĻǶôĿЦκһ˿¶Ц˰ɡ
"ѧ㡣"ľƽǣҲЩͺˣʱҲǴһֲѵ״̬ġ
˵˵ĻһУǳһֱܣһҪ׽Լϲ˵ıܡ
"ѧ㣬ĺðð㰡"ľ޻ĵͷ
ĴдӴϴ˴ԣƽһһ˲Ŀհףȵоʲô˿ıʱ
ƽӶסˣĽֲûά̫ãһԵֱ̧ľ޵ıϡ
ԼĻﱧ˱ͨˣȻ⣬ȻŲ£Ǿ͸˴һˡ
ľ޻ǵýһУԸľһ͵ĻᣬһһĿԡ


31 
ľ޵Ƿǳ׼ʱ, ʹںƵ״̬£Ҳϰ˵ӵʱ׼ʱ˫ۡ
˿Ա߿һ˵λ, ľ̫Ѩ, Ϊԭ, Ƿǳܡ
˻ԴϴԡҵķһۣŬһϷ, ֮飬һ㶼벻ˡ
ԼԴ, һתͷͿ˴ϴԡ߳ƽ
"ѧ㡣"ľ޵Щ飬Ϊ벻Լ֮󵽵Щʲô, ڵľķǳĲ
Ϊ֪ԼûжƽһЩ顣
ڿľ޵һ˲, ƽıҲЩ̫ȻˣԱߵʶץ·
˶һֽ״̬, ΪһûкȾ, ļǵ췢ʲôˣǷǳŵģ֮лЩڴ
"ѧѧ㡣"ľ˿ڿˮ"ûʲô飿"
"ʲôǵˣ"ƽ۾֮³˼֡
"ҡ"ľЩץϵıӣ"ҺȶƬˡ"
˵, ʵǷǳĵ, ֮ôһССʧ, ҲûӰĿġ
ҪȾ, һΪҪһ£һҪžƾ˵һЩ״̬²˵Ļ
Ǹ߹Լľ, ֱӰԼȶƬˣôûڣѾ޲ˡ
"ģʲôû"ƽĬһ룬ߵױ̨ǰʼԼĳˡ
ССڴҲľ޵һȶƬˡ
ʵԼҲҪһļǵú֮飬ȷʵЩǿˡ
ľ˱һССڴ֮⣬ģֻΪԼɡ
ľ޻ڣʵһֱڵľ޵һͣľ޵ȥһΪʲôʲڡ
ľ뿪֮󣬲ŸԼĸ飬˵ףǲһ
ֻѵľ뿪飬ûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ˾ìܵԸԼϣԸԼ
ľ޶űԼƽ촽䶯ţ˵ȴֲ֪Լ˵Щʲôܹ˵Щʲô
ƽʲôԸ˵Լܹƽ죬Ϊ֪ʲôҲ׵ȥѯʡ
ҳƵղûά̫ʱ䣬ˡ
ľͬһƥֵҰһӴϱƽٶȳ嵽ſڡ
վſڵʱľ޸Ƕ˵̽˳ȥ֮ԼҲ˳ȥ
һĻȻҲ䵽ƽУֻǿһ۱ջߣͺһ㶼˻˵Щʲô
"ľʦʲô"ѩޱȵĿŴʱһǲŴӱˡ
"ҡûʲôɣ"ľЩţĶѩ죬´³һЩܵ顣
ѩƺЩ⣬"ľʦ˵Ĳָʲô"
ľ죬ͻȻЩˣܲ˵ԼûжƽɣȻƤ񣬵⻰Ҳʲڰ
üģľ޳Ավվƿ˱Լڵķţ"ȥɡ"
ˣʦ޹ˣľӰҲǡѩڽ֮ǰôһ䡣
޹ľ޵ЩãȻΪʲô
"ʦľʦҸǴͣǳȳԡ"ͷ£ѩ׼뿪ˡ
ƽгܵϰߣıȽ磬֮ǰʹƽʱ䣬ڻ·˳͡
"һ԰"ſڵʱľ޽ѩ
"ˣҸճܻȥʰһ¡"ѩЦЦ"ľʦȵһ㡣"
"лл"ľ͵͵ĿƽһۣһκԼΪʲôҪôƣУ׸ЩʲôŻǿˡ
"ȥϴɣȵ"óźãƽûľһۡ
ѧ㡣ľ촽䶯ţֲʡ
𣿡ƽͷ
"ûûˣȥϴ"ľ뿪ıӰôһĻҡ
ƽ򴽣ľ޵ıӰʧź̾һǾԵ޷ְɡ
ûа취˵ԼЩ˺ӶҲȥǿȥҪһ͡
"ѧ㣬ʲôأ"ľʰó֮ͷƽڷ
"ûʲôԶɡ"ľ޵ǷƵľǰƽҲʼר־ĶԸԼǰʳˡ
Ӻǰľ޵ߣ㲻תƽϡ
ԼΪʲôҪľ޲ûҪȥͣÿλߣ˵ˡ
ֻ֪Ҫ˵ˣƽ϶ܹκȲѣ˺Ѿˣ뿪ԭʲôܳΪȻĽڡ
˺ҲǼ䣬пԵģ뿪ȲѵľͿԵġ
ѡ˱̸ܶΪ뱰ɵȥԼκεĽڡ
ƽԼж࣬жۣƽԼ
Ҳƽһ̣ͣԼ⣬ƽͲҪһ͡
"ѧ㡣"
"ţ"
"Ϊʲôʲôʣ"
ڣƽʶʹһ䣬ԼĲ
ʹദˣľ޷֣Щʱǿ
"ΪʲôҪʣ"ƽƺǳ˳ǣľ޲ΪʲôһҲףľΪʲô͡
ΪʲôǶΪʲôһ仰Ҳ£֮ǰǲ𣿾ˣˣ˵ټӦûеİɣ
ûУһټûУñ˿ͷĻﶼûС
ʵƽʣΪʲôҪΪΪʲôҪ˵ȥѣһȥʧ꣬Щʣȴʲ
ΪûҲΪԼжҪҲľ޶ԣЩ飬иѽ͵ıҪ


32 
ƬЩ, ǻʱʱĽ߷˫ľϡ
ԼڲԶ˫, Ŵ, һֻڱĿƽϡ
ƽĻ, һɣľ޾ͻյƽߣһЦ˵ʲô
Ļ, ѾƬϰΪϰߵˣԽûпĻ, ˶Щ̫Ӧ
ƽľޱͳƯŮյһĻ, ۵ʱһ, ־ܵĸо
棬ЩԱ̲ס
"˵, ʦľӰòǳ˰ɣ"
"Ӧò, 컹һȥء"
"ǽôһ仰û˵ľӰƬ֮ûиʦ˵һ仰\"
"⡭"
벻Ȼȴ̲סȥΪ˵ģȥѯһµ飬˼ķΧ֮ڡ
"ô£û˰"˲ȥʣɽȫûĹ˼ɡ
ľ޵תת, ûпɽһ, ǿ˵ˡ
", òױܾ˰ɡ"ɽֱľ޵, "Ҫеֲиľ񰡣һʧܴܲʲô"
ľתͷɽһ, û˵ǳɽ˸ۡ
Ƭ֮һФ꣬Լ֮Щʲô飬õĻشФҲˣʲô֪
֮ȥѩѩϸǼ֮⣬ûеõʲôõϢ
ĵĿƽһۣľǾ÷ǳϵ̸ݿ˵ǲ졣
ƽϢǣ뿪飬ѾôˣҲãҲã̬Ǻġ
ľҲ֪ôȥڵ飬ЩѹȴҲЩңƽˣǲζѾΪѹˡ
ͬʱǲҲţԼĴڶ˵Ѿǿпˡ
췢飬֪ȴֺ֪ԼıȻܾƽľܾԼΪʲôҪأ
ܲƽӦ˰ɣٴƽڶ̬оܹóӦԼıǾԲܵ顣
ԼԴľľԼҪˣһˣ飬ȴȻһӡûС
"㵽ôˣ"ɽüľ޵ӦʵЩ˰ɽľ޲һԷ˰
ıʧˣҲܻһģ
"ˡ"ľص̾һ"һ㶼벻췢ʲô"
"ȶƬˣ"ɽգգ۾ľֿƽ"ǵԼʲô飿"
ľްɽһۣҲǵģ֪ͺãΪʲôҪ˵
"ûƽ"
ľ޶ɽѹ:"ôʣ"
ɽӣ"ҪҰȥʣ"
""ľˡ
ɽαҲüͷ黹ĲʾܹʳڵģܲȥʣľǲǶ顣
ľ޲״̬ɽҲΪ˵cpۣҪ˵ĸչΪһݣҪľ޵״̬Ӱȡ
ȻʱľܹԼ״̬Ӱȵġ
һʱ䣬˶һ״̬ɽҲ÷ǳĲ
һĹȣɲͿһΨƽ
"ţȥġ"
"𡭡"
"ҪôԼȥҪôȥѡһԼѡ"ɽĺܣľھˣ㲻һѣͲҶ
Ȳ˵ǲķһЩ˵飬ǵ״̬ȻҲܼȥ
"ҡԼȥò㡣"ľ˿һȥļơ
"ѧѧ㣬졭"
"ʲôû"ƽ˫ۣǰ޴ŮˣµüۼȾЩӵ
"ҡ"ľͻȻͿˡ
"ȻҲ֪㶼ԲЩʲôãһ"
˵һ仰ʱƽƣ˵ѻʱŻеı֡
ֻҪ㹻˽ƽˣǾ֪Сϰߵģ£ľ޿϶Ҳֵܹġ
ʱԾЩ״̬ȻҲ©ƽС
"ѧ˵ǡ"ľЩεĲ˲ӣ˵˿ȴҲݺݵرԼһ
ںƵ״̬£Ȼʲôû˵׳˵˱˰
ľϵİûڣƽü"㿴ʧӰѲɣ㻹Щʲô"
"ûûûⲻʧ𡣡ľĴյƽߣ"ѧģԼȴȶˣ鷳ѧչҡ"
"ϣҲûʲô"ƽαϱ˫ۡ
ľԥһ£ҧҧʳ˿ڣ"ǲ˵ʲô˵Ļ"ƽΪʲôޣľ顣
"ûС"ƽ۾û
"ѧ㡭"
"ϣһʲôĻشأ"ƽƺЩͷˣ"ϣ˵"
"ҡ"ľ˿ڿˮ"ѩ˵ˡ"ľһӶԥģ̾ͳѩ
ƽۿһվڲԶФ˵ʲôѩ򴽣"ȻԼǵˣΪʲôҪ㡣"
ľޣڿ޻ü𣿾ľΪƽشԼ׼ʱƽȴڶˡ
"˵˸جΣμҲңμҲҪˡ"
ƽľ޵۾һһٵĵ:"ľޣôأ"
ľ޵һɫ˼֣Ȼƽı鲢ûʲô仯ȻһĮ
˫۾©İˣľǱ˸ݺݵ˦һƣ춼
"Բ"֪˶ãŸɰͰ͵³˼֡
"ûϵ"ƽ˳ǣǶľѾκεϣˡ
"ѧ㡭"ľ޵ıЩᣬסһ㣬һֶ²


33 
һεĽ̸, ǲɢڽദУ˾Ǵʲôʶһ, ˱ҪĽӴ֮, ʱ, ˶Ǹɸġ
ľԶڷƽԶڱĿԭŮյһۻʧˡ
һʼʱ, һЩ˻ڵǲǳˣǵദ̻Ƿǳгġ
Ҳų, ҲΪѾ뵽ҪͷˣҲ֮ǰһôˡ
Ϊ, ԱҲž籾, Լẖ̂, , ЩҲͲھˡ
ǲˣɽܲᰡԼΪǲİ
Ϊһιľ֮֮ĸܹнһķչ
Դû뵽ǣ˵ǽһˣԾ˲˰
˵ڻסһ, ڵദģʽܹƶϵĳ, ǻصԺʲôˡ
Ȼڵ״̬ûӰ, ɽ, ǻþ
ľƽõһ˰ÿ춼С̫һġ
, ֻҪһ꣬˼ɽʱ䣬ĿЩѹˡ
˼֮󣬷֮һı䶼ûеʱɽסˡ
֮ûһʼͲ飬Ǿø飬վҪԼȥģڿǲа
"֪˵ʲôллĹģ֪Լʲô"һɽľ޾֪Լ˵Щʲôˡ
ɽ:""ôҲһ˵Ļᰡ
"ѧϲˣûϲֻǡ"ֻҪһ뵽ƽһ˵Ļľ޾;ͷࡣ
ϲƽϣϣҸģɻһС
˵ˣһֱ˺ʱ䣬һֱڲͣԼһ⣬ǲˣǲǾͲӦû
"ȻҲ֪ھʲô飬ܹĳƽںģ㡣"
ɽľ޵ļ򣬸飬Ǻ˵ġ
Ȼ֮䵽ʲô谭ȴԽ˵ϾԣԹ塱
ƽľͶľ飬ֻΪһˣܶʱǲŵġ
ľ޵ĸʵڵģ㿴˵ɽеġ
""ľ޾ץסһݣŶڴĿɽ
ȻأɽЩЦòΪΪǷһѡİɡ
ǿƽľ飬ôܻҪľ޴أ
ľ򴽣"лл㡣"
"뿪ͺá"ľչüۣɽҲЦˣľھûеܿЦǰ飬ӵ
"ͨˡ"ľ˿ԼʱЩ̫ˡ
뵽Լ⼸컹˼ǲҪʹ׷ƽ飬ľ޾ͺ޲ûص֮ǰǸʱԼ
ǸʲôģΪܹƽһܹ߰
ȴҪҪ뿪ƽľ޾Լ϶Ǳ˸˽ͷˡ
һ˶ܹƽǶģأ͸һЩ鶼ˡ
"ȥˡ"ľһ˦ۣĳƽ˹ȥ
˿ƽ˫ۣľ޵ʱ΢΢üЩ׼ľʲô
⼸죬ھڷʱദгľ޲ٽŶϷĽڽӽˡ
ΪľҪˣڿˡ
"ѧ㣬лҪ˵"ƺԼЩ㣬ľ޸˵ĸо˲١
"ţ"
ľ޳Χ˿"ﲻ˵ĵط"ƽ֮ҲܾĻᣬֱӽƽԼĻױҡ
"Ҫʲô"ƽտ˵һ仰㱻ľޱ˵ϣʣµĻ̽˶ӡ
"ѧ㡣"ľЦеĿƽ"ϴκƵȻˣ룬ҿ϶Ǹѧ˵ϲɣ"
ƽЩ벻ף֮ǰһ׼ļƣôھͻȻ˼Ѫһأ
ƽľЦ"ϴκȶˣԼ˵ʲôҲǵˣԣҾԼѵ״̬°Լתѧ㡣"
ƽ˫ۣǸû뵽ľ޻˵һ
"ϲѧ㡣"ƽξȣľѾˣ"Ӽѧĵһ۾ϲˡ"
˵ʱľƺЩ˼ˣϵֱ˻˲ԼıӣϣһμƽʱȷʵǼɫˡ
ƽûпֻдЩ⣬û뵽ľ޶Լһ顣
Ϊľ޸Լһ֮ദУĽϲ˰顣
"뿪飬ľץ·"뿪ʲô˺ѧ˺ѧ㡣
"Ҳѧھԭңһϣѧܹһ׷Ļᡣ"
ƽ֪Լô߳ǸױҵģǵԼôӦľ޵ġ
ֻǵã˫۾ģ˫е飬·һ޼ʵĴ󺣣޷롣
ľ޸ǸˣԼˣûиԼκεĽڣҲûҪνĽԼԭ¡
ƽûа취Լʱĸܣѹֻѹ
ĺľƽЩãȻľ뿪Ƕʱ䣬̲סȥ룬ǲˣǲĲãľ޲Ż뿪
ÿҹ˾ʱŰһ㣬һһεİǿԼ˿ڡ
ڣľ޻ˣһжĴ޹أǰ˵ϲԼĻ
ӦÿĵģΪľ޲û뿪ҲΪƽȴ֣ԼĲ
ֱʱʶԼڿ־壬ں£ľ޻ǰһһΣһʧ
ǰĲǶƽ˵һجΡ
ڲͣľ뿪ʵƺѾûȥˣΪԵġ
ڿ߹ԼˣΪԼѾ߳ˣʵûУǺԼһα
ƽ
ɽĺûеõκεĻӦƽûлһƮ˹ȥ
"ѧ㡣"ľ׷˼ͣøƽһʱͿռġ
ľԼģʵ̫߿ԼˣʱӶƽӰûа취о
"ľޡ"
"Բ"ľԼҪо񣬿Ժȴȫƽ뿪֮ǰǲ԰׵Ѫɫ
"ȥɣʣµİɡ"ɽ̾һ˵ľˣʵҲЩƽ
""
"ҪǿԼ"
"лл"ľûټ֣Ҳ֪Լ״ټȥôһģҲûʲô塣
ľһ뿪ƬͻȻͱЩŹľΪӰ㾭Ƿǳḻġ
֮ǰ˼ζֱܾ˵ӡ
˵ƽ뿪ȻҲһЩ˵Уƽ뿪֮ľ޵㲻״̬֮ǼҴҵľ뿪ˡ
Щ˿ȻҲͲһЩеûģõĻǻ뷨
"Ҳ֪ʦôˣʦղŵɫеˡ"
"ʦ϶ûµģҲ̫ġ"
"˵ĶԣʦľӰչˣ϶ûµġ
ӣϣ˺õ˴ڣȻҲвҪڡ
"ѩ"
"ľӰʦ֮ͰԼ˷䣬ʦЩ̫ԾҲóȻȥ"
ľޣѩͺǿ˾һҲƽ״
"֪ˡ"ľ޴Ӷͳ˷˺üβŽŴ򿪡
һƬʲôľ޽ȥ֮㽫Źˣ"ѧ㣬ҿ˰"
ľ޺һȴûеõκεĻӦŴ˵ƣ㿴ڴ̨ƽ
ֻһۣľޱ˫ۣĶҪĿֻŸУҲǱͻȻĵŵˡ
ԭһŵˣʶץĴľҲʱŷ̨֣Ĵǰ뿪ġ
ƽдһߣľȻľĸо
"ѧ㡣"ľ޵Щ
"㲻Ҫ"ƽЩɳƣץĴӸʶŵǰߴŲŲ
"ѧ㡣"ľĿѣſǻ:"ѧ㣬òã"ľǺ޲Լ˲ƶ˲ƽߡ
ƽûпҲûƶˣ۾ģϻδɵۣվԭزҶľޣϵıЩãȻƺ벻Ϊʲô
"ѧ㣬"ľ̽Եǰ˼ƽûʲôķӦǰ˼
"ľޣ㻹ǵǰĳŵ˵һֱҵߣ뿪뿪ˣĻûС"
ƽһֻץŴƫͷŴ⣬ҹ紵°ڣɫĳҹĵ·ϾҪ̤ƶȥˡ
ľͫһƽעʱǰһεץסƽĸ첲
ȻһֱӴӴ̨ľޱƽһˤ˵ϣ˸ܽӴľʶü
"ˡ"
"ѧ㣬û£"
ͬʱڣһֶסˡ
ƽľ"û¡"
"Ҳû¡"ľԼҡҡͷ
ľ޵Сƽ򴽣"ľޣûа취㣬Һܺ£Һ뿪һΣͻ뿪ҵڶΡ"
"ҡ"ľҧ´˵ģԲ鷢ڶˡ
ɿڶǸˣԼĺǱʲôסһʲô˵ˡ
Ҳŵʳˣ˵鲢ı⣬ܹ֤ԺĲٷκεһ㣬޷֤
"ľޣϲ㣬һҲϡ"صƵʱƽʵǷǳġ
˾ͺһ˲䱻˺룬һľѾֵȥˣΪΥ˳ŵ
еһο϶ͻеڶΣһȥͲӦȥ׷ˡ
ԷѾ֪ˣѾˣѾ㹻ˣϲ»صߣӦһֱץŹȥĹ֡
ЩҪ˺ľ޽Ӵ̨˲ʧˡ
ϲľޣʵľΥŵҲʵƽĥԼˡ
֪ԼûаȫУҲûøľһ׼ԸľޣҲԸԼһᡣ
Ȼûа취Ϻ޽ٵȥľޣΪϲˣԸȥԡ
"ѧ㣬㣬˵ʲô"ľ˫ۣݺݵԼһѲŸԼΡ
"ûˡ"ƽץ°ڵֽ˽ղһ˵ʱûʲô
ȴЩ˼ˣͷߵĶ䶼Щˡ
"ôأҶˡ"ľһͼˣղ̫ˣŻǸӦ
ƽ˵Ļһֲȫˣľ޵ǶҪѵˣΣѧ˵ϲ
ԣǴӦ˼ɣľ˿ڿˮŵĿƽ"ѧ㡭"
"ǰʲô"ƽ§ľ޵˫۲ͣսǺ¶ԷͻȻʧһ㡣
˶ԷĲľƽͷĸĺ󱳣"Ѿˣ飬´˵ɡ"
"֪"ƽץľޱ·ЩģҲ֪ҲҪȥԵġ
ĲҲ֮һıݡ
"ѧ㡣"ľЩɣãƽΪ֪𣬻ƽԹǰĲ
"û֪𣿻˵֮ǰ˵Щڰοң뿪Ϊң"
ûа취Լȥ˼룬ľ޵ĳĬƽеĲ
"ôܣôܻ㡣"ľ޵ᣬ"ϲ㣬ϲ㿪ʼһֱδı䡣
һ죬ȫˣԼҲܻ㣬ѧ㣬ˡ"
ƽһᣬۿ˲ͺˣֻǽ˽ľ޵˫ۣûиκεĻӦ
"ǰҷ˵⡣"ľ޾رɵ˵ǰǳ⣬"ѧ㣬һжȥˣڣһˡ"ľһ仰˽β
"Բ𣬶Բ"ƽ޵ɤӶЩˣ˽ľ޵ģ֪
Ƿ˲飬ľǾԲᶪģǰǱԼˡ
ˣܹټһ£ǾͲôʱˡ
ľôģڷǶʱôġ
ܹľٶΣͲӹŹػʱ־ľ
"ѧ㡣"ľ̾һһֱԸ˵ǲϣƽ"ѧ㣬ҪҵǸ㲢ûʲô
û˻Ը⿴ⷢǶûдˣһ۵ġ"
ƽľĲϵˮۣǳȻǴꡣ
ûǴһӣѾ㹻ˡ
ƽӣȴȻܿƵĵֻҪһ뵽ľһУľֹסۡ
ԣˣٿ޾ͲƯŶƽ޵ɤӶˣľҲǷǳ۵ġ
ƽ˲ľ޵ģĵ׷ӿۣ"ҿ"
"á"ľûоܾмܹתƽע飬֮á
ԹԵڴſãƽԼ·ƽָⴥʱľ޻ǲܿƵĺ
ƽָЩȵļӴʱ򣬼һļƤľޱͷҧأȴѹĵ׷
ľƬϣƽҧ´Լ۾ɤӵ:"ȥҩ"
ƽó˺üƿҩľü"ѧôôҩ"
ƽҩһ"б޻ˡ"֮ǸҩԱȽº͵ƿӡ
Щƿƿ޹ޣ϶ģЩҲǸʱõĶŻЩҩҲѾΪһϰˡ


34 
ܰ, ˶ûп˵ľͷɫ棬һ۵ĸԼҩƽ
ͻȻ;ñЩ, һĻ, Ѿֹ֪ٴˡ
ڻʱ, ȻڴĻǿ־Ͳʱ̫, ܶ鶼пܻᷢı䡣
ʵһֱں£µٴμƽʱ, Ǹ˵ߣѾûλˡ
"Ū"ƽһ̧ͷ, Ͷľ޷ۿ, ľͿҩֻ־͸Ӳˡ
"ûУ۵ġ"ľ޽Դͷ, ȥЩ
ƽ, еҩƿ£ߵһߣľ޵Ա
"ѧ㡣"ľƫͷƽЩ׵۾"´οɲôˡ"ľƽ۽, Ҫ, "Ҷһ¡"
"ߡ"ƽץľ޵·, ֱ˽˶ԷĻ, ʱѾȥǴʱԼжôˣֻ֪, ڲ֡
"ѧ㡣"ľ޵ЩʣȻǱֵķǳţֻԼ֪ƽʱжôĲš
ڣƽųҲԸӽˣľеˮ޷
"ڡ"ƽľ޵ıһ̵ܰȻʮֵϧ
"ǲǳʲôɣ"ɽſתתȥЩľ޽ȥѾȥһСʱˡ
ȴʼûп˳ɽЩ˻Ȼ΢΢ڣûа취ԼԶ
"Ҫǽȥ"ѩЩɡ
ɽ:"ţ"
"ʦġ"ѩ˻ϵſľ޻Ļᴳȥġ
"ǻٵȵȰɡ"ɽ̾һǿд벢ʲôõѡ˭Ҳ֪浽׷ʲôľޣǿɾˡ
ɽĻ䣬һֱڶŵȷű㱻ˣվǰģۿ죬Ǳľޡ
"û°ɣ"ɽʶľ޵һۡ
"û£ǵˡ"ľ޽ŹϣżЦЦ
"û¾ͺá"ɽǿɿˣ֪֮ǰжôĵİ
ƽ뿪֮󣬲ľ޳ٳ޷״̬ЩһСʱĵȴ
ɽܼ尾˵ƽľ֮䣬ĳ˲صľ棬ɽĻǳģô˵һֱľް
"ƽ"
ľޣѧ˯ˣĺܱǸҲŵˡ
"˵ôĻû¾ͺá"Ȼľ޵ӿȥǱɽܹо鲻Ϊƽ֮Ҳˡ
ˣϷһŲ磬ϲôżϢһɡ
"лл"ɽİţľ޲ûоܾɽ˵Ҳ׼ɽٵģϾƽڵͦģȻҲϣƽԶϢһᡣ
"ˣʱҲˣǾȻȥˣʲôҵ绰"Ȼƽľ޶û£ȻҲ԰ĵ뿪ˡ
""߼֮ľ޲ת˷䣬ƽ˯ڴ߿ƽ˯ա
ƽƽ˯ʱǷǳʵģ˯ŵʱʲôӣʱʲôӡ
ֻƽʹ˯ˣüҲǽģ˯ļȡ
ľָƽƽü壬üһǳǳǣ֪ǲľ޵İãƽһĨǳǳЦ⡣
"ľʦ"Ф:"ҪĶˡ"
ľ޳Ŵվо˫һ飬һƨ˵ϣֱʱʶԼ׵ʱеˡ
"ľʦ"Фһ
"û¡"ľް˰֣Щ죬"£ȥϢɡ"
Ф꿴һڴϵˣ뵽ԼղſĻ棬Ҳ֪ľǶ̫ˡ
ľôˣǵһ֪ľҲôյʱ򣬱˵ͦϡġ
Ф꽫£ľ޵ɳ£һ뿪ˡ
ľԼЩĿƽһۣԼȣȷԼ֮վ
ФĶ˳ղûФƽʲôɤӵҩ׼ƽѩȡ
ô˵ҩܲûǲԵĺá
ѩ洦ãһڹ￪ʼ󣬶ڵȴʱΣľ޵˼ҲƮԶˡ
"ڸʲô"
ͻŵľһ顣
"Ǹŵˡ"ƽǰһľ޵°͸ļѴ"㻹ǸǰһŰ"
"˭ҾôСء"ľ޽ͷƽֲ繣ôһ᣿
ƽû˵ǽ˽Լ˫ۣո۾ȴԼû˵ʱ
ֻһ˲ķûпľ޵ʱľ֮ǰһжġ
ڣܵľ޵£ŵϤζʵУǿģҲˡ
ʵƽԼҲڵ̬ǲԵģǲ̬ġ
ھûа취ԼΪ̫ʧȥƽˣڵҲûȥһˡ


35 
ѧ, ˮˡľ޹صƽԼ˫֡
Դǽ⿪֮ƽͱԽ, ͺһӲ, ò
ľ޵Ļ, ƽҲΪɵɿ˫֣վһ߿æµľޣôרע, ·ǿͷĴ󺣣ֻһ, ˳С
ڸľޱԼ֮ƽҲͲѹԼľ޵ĸ, Ȼǻò, Ѿȥӱˡ
"ѧ㣬ˮһ, ȸ۾, Ȼûа취ˡ"
ŸԼ߳ƽľڴ£Լϴԡңһһˮ˳
"ľޡ"
"ţ"
"ûʲô"ƽڴɺãı۾
"ѧ㣬Һܺ, Ҳûʲô֢, , Ҫġ"
ëסƽ۾, ľ޸Ĵһǳǳ, "һǱȽǿ׳ġ"
⻰һڣƽûʲôӦأľԼˡ
"ǲǿڴһˣ"ƽƿëһǣľǺӣҪ׽ŪԷĶӾЩܿˡ
"ȻֻҪѧԸ⣬ʱѧ֤"ľ޸ƽԼӰ֮С
ƽգգ۾еĻһţ˫ָʶץµĴ
ô£ľ޲ӦǺ޴ĿԼ
"ѧ㣬ˣҲɳ˰"ƽЩҵӣľЦ
ǰ֮Իƽʱǰ޴룬˺֮⣬Ҫԭ򣬻ԼĳЩΪᱩ¶Լƽϲ
ƽһǼ꣬ÿοɶ̵ʮİ
֪ÿοԷ˵ĺ촽ʱжôݺݵȥ
õƽ۾ϵë˫ʪ۾ԴҵĿԼľ̲ס˿ڿˮ
֣Ħƽĺ촽ĴУ˳ָӵ࣬ĸоľ޾Լֻһ㣬͡
"ѧ㡣"Ǳƻһ㣬ľ޸ס΢΢źϵĴꡣ
ƽĴеĻҪľ޾һõˣͻȻõһζʳЩʳ֪ζ
ƽһرŵζľݲȴš
ָҲԼʶһ㣬һһֵĵط
һһƷŴߵζеĸУľ޷һĨ̾Ϣ
"ѧ㡣"
""ƽͻȻ˸飬ǻعԺſԼϵˡ
Ǹղŵľ˫һ㱡ˮȥر
һִֻľ޵ļϣƺҪƿǿԺԲƵһܻӭĴ
"ѧ㡣"
Ϊƽ̫Сˣľ޲û˱ǣſҧҧƽǡ
ƽһʶĴǸľ޼źһ㡣
ľ޵ֻֿʼ᲻صĶʱƽĺļˡ
ϵ˫ش̼ûʧȥǣЩջҲû룬㳯ľ޵ļҧһڡ
ͻĴʹԺľ޺һͣʶͣ˶ֻ͸©ЩãȻȻû׷ʲô
""
ľһһһĻع飬ܿʶԼʲô΢ӣľ˿ڿˮ
֣óȥ
ľһĽԼֳ˳ЩãȻƺûףԼΪʲôƽ°ڳ
""ƽŲŲɨǸǳǳӡҲûѿڶ
"֣"ľ޺ܿץסƽص㡣
"ˮԺ˰ɡ"ƽĿЩ㣬һڣʶԼ˵©ˡ
ľЩɵĿƽһֽۣ˴¶ȣ"Ժˡ"
ƽӹ룬ССڵĺҲ֪ǲΪ飬ʼնû̧ͷľһۡ
ľڴͷһ˲˲Ķƽƽղ˵֣ѲϴκƵʱ
"ȥϴ롣"ƽ˵žҪ´Ьܿ죬ľ޵־ʹļϣҲԷˡ
"Ҫȥϴøˣȥϴ衣"ƽˣ׼һ뿪
"ѧ㡣"ľ˴һνƽȦԼĻ"ղ˵֣"
ƽ˿ڿˮľ˫ľ˵۾Щ޷мܰ
"ѧ㣬ϴΡ"ľ޵ߴƽĴߣתƵ·סǡ
ƽ˵֣ǾζϴκƵʱȷʵһЩ飬˻ûл֪ͨ顣
ľ޿϶ǳͲڣľ޼ֱûа취ѹĵȸԾ
ƽ֮󣬲ûжֳԵǾζţƽûоܾ
"ԲЩеûġ"ƽֳ˳Լ·ڵĿӿ
ľ޵̫ˣԷҧǴҲǱ𿽹һ㣬йոС
"ѧ㣬ԺҲôˡ"ľ޸ӣƽĲ
ĺúڰΪʲôҪȵôϵ飬һӡûа
ƽӽһ£ܿͷľ޵Դ"ûղҧж
"ۡ"ľ޲˲ƽ"ҪѧŲС"ľ޳û
"С"ƽ˲ͺˣرʵİǿľ޼·Ѫ˿ʱۿ˲ͺ˰
"۰ɡ"ƽ˿Ĵ˴
"ˡ"ľ޵һֻץµĴȥҲЩ֣ƽߵֻ䣬Ҳĵĺˡ
ƽüȻǲôŵģ"ȥþƾ"һڣƽ㵹һҧ´
"ѧ㣬ˡ"ľ޳ƽĶ䴵˿
"㡭"
"ѧ㣬ŮѰɡ"ľ޳壬ֱƽ۾ڴڴ֮ǰûеõȷеĻӦٴοڣ˵þе
ƽûпľޣʱһһĹȥˣɶľ˵ȥļӣ·һͰ
еڴҲʱƣһһȥ
"Ȩ˭ܣ"
"ңȻǹѧˡ"ľһ£ҲܿͷӦ˹ϲЩ˵ˡ
"ľޡ"ƽľ޵Ÿ˵ķ·һˣҲԽˡ
סľ޵ĲӣԼǰ"Ұ㡣"ڵ૵Ļ
"Ҳǡ"


36 
˵ĵطз, 仰һ㶼ûдģ˵Ƿ֮أȴٲȷѪġ
ںܶ˵, ҹϢʱ, Ǿ׼ɱķʱ
"֮ǰ˵, ֮Ĺϵ϶ֹѣڲ֤\"
", Ҳ̫˰ɣͬʲô, Ҳ̫˰ɡ\"
"¥ϵô˵أǸմӷôడ"
"ڶʲô, ˾ͬ, ԽԽȥ˰ɡ"
"˵ǵԶǲǿе̫˰ⲻǺĵѵľٶô, ͱʵˡ"
"ǰ˵һ, cp۲Ҫ谡ǾǺܴѹϵ"
"ô˵˵Żսأcpˣҿҵcpʲôˡ"
"ǰҲû赽ǰ"
"Ǽ٣ֻϣλúõġ"
", һǻ֧ǵ, 氮"
"ĿҪԲзЦ, ʲô氮ﰡ, Ůһô붼"
"ɲ, Υٳİ"
"ֻҪమģԱʲôģôҪ"
"ǰɲǰɣ˾Ůһһɣϻ˵ĺãТ޺ΪŮһôӣôڽӴ"
"ǰɲǰɣ˼ҼлλҪ̳𣿻ڽӴѰɣˡ"
"ڽӴĿҪЦˣǶ˭Ĵˣ"
"ҪҪӣŮԼѡʲôʱŮӣǸڽӴϹˡ"
"ϲ˭˭һӵеȨʲôʱֵ˵ģָֻˡ"
"ܺԼͺˣһ쵽̳ܲġ"
"cp۸ϽұɣǰͲİɡ"
"٣ǾǰͲôϲ˭ѡʲôһǽȨҲΪõţ˺顣"
պЩżϻԭȻֻˢЩϢ
տЩϢʱպǲԴˣͬľ޺ƽ⼸ϵһʱպĻԼˡ
ƽҵŸոеɫͳ飬һãĿɾͻ˰
ʲôʱһ˵ĴǻԵģ˵ڱĻǸеͬ
ڿϢĵһ˲䣬պƽ绰ѯʵˡ
ôģպǾԲŵģڣЩȷˡ
ϾƽԴľ޵̬ȣȷʵЩֵġ
ڵõԷֻػʾ֮պǺ޲ÿԳɵƽߡ
պ켱ȹϵϣ֪Ǻõʱһ绰ˮ֮н˳
"ϵϢ㶼˰ɡ"
"ţˡ"պ˵ͷʶԷֽһ䡣
"ģʱùܡ"ϵϢȻҲˣûպһżϻ
෴˵һᣬΪ֮ҪCPԤȡ
һεⲿ磬ƽľ޻ǷǳѺõģϾľݵİϪ֮ʵûʲôCPеġ
Ҫ˵Ļƽݵ̲ŸCPС
ȻͬĻȽУcp飬Ȧϡƽ顣
ŮŮcpcpǶгģڵĽܶҲǱȽϸߵģڽϵ顣
ԽȥӦ£ٷŵ㻨ȻΪεǾڳ
ã֪ˡպ챾֮ڹ˾첻ȥҲֻΪѹˡ
ȦЩƣȻҲǷǳġ
ֻһʼʱЩˣȻҲûг룬ھ׵֮Ҳ̾ˡ
ϵƵ˵ǴӾģ˵ײûʲôʵԵ֤ݣЩѵѵĽͣҲܹ˵ùȥġ
ʵ˵˵ȥҲڶѵĲ²⣬һЩҪûĺ˷˰ˡ
׵ʽҲպһֲ²⣬ԥһ£̽Եʳ˿ڣ׽㣬ľӰƽ
ľ׷ƽ飬ײûĴ㣬պΪƽľˣҲǻ֪ġ
һε飬֮ûһȥҲΪľϲƽҲѾǲҪȥ֤ʵˡ
Ȼڻûһ𣬵˭ܹ֤ԺͲһأڷ
˵֮ûκγĹϵһԺ֮Ĺϵ Ʊػķġ
Ȼ֮ǰѾӦľ޻Ϊ·ô;Բʳԡ
պĬһ˲𰸼ڵ֮У֮⣬Ȼ֮ǰҲľ޸ƽ֮Щֵֹġ
˵ף֮ǰһ㶼ûгȥڱ֮־ҲֻǺġ
Ҷ˸֮ĵ绰֮պ췢֣ʹѾΪеˣȴԽԽ˯ˡ
Ϲľ޺ƽǲڽ飬Ҳһһķ͡
˾ãֻƾƵƽ뿪֮ľ޲޷Ϸ󻹴Ҵ뿪飬˵ʲô
ϵõ֮以ൣģһ
ҲˣƵУƽ뿪֮ǰиľйһصĽģ֮䵽̸Щʲôû֪
֮Ĺϵ̹̹ĻΪʲôҪܿأȻѡ˱ܿǲ˵أ
˼۵ʱмƵϢķϡ
֮󱻷ų⼸ƵУָľ޿ƽ񲢲ǲǿѵ񣬶ǿϲ˵
һ㱻ָʱٴһֵķ籩
ƲЩԹȺڲ˵ںܶ˿˵һǾûа취ȥܵ顣
˵֮ǰǸƵֻڶԶɢô⼸ƵУľ޿ƽǸ
ûа취ȥǿнʲôˣΪʵ̫Ϥˡ
ΪǿԼϲ˵ʱҲǺ񲢲ܱ֮䡣
ûа취һĴ󲿷ַ˿ȫӿ˵΢֮£ϣܹһȷĽ͡
ڵľ޺ƽ˵ǲ֪ڽ⿪Ľ֮ڻ֮ͨǱЦΡ
ǲ֪һˣҲ֪ΪǣһȷѪ֮С


37 
ϰ˵, ľ׼ʱ˫ۣԼߵˣǱ
ʹƽھ, ʹϷ黹Ŀ, ľȻһԼεĻ㱸С
ƽ˯, ľ޾;ůůģƽ۽ǣľ޻Щ۵ġ
Ȼ, ƽ۾Ѿ޹ĺۼˣһ뵽, ƽôʱ䣬ľ޾һҪԼƵĳ嶯
Ŀƽһ, ʹٲ, ľҲ֪ԼˣϾ, кܶҪء
ƽԼϵСŲ, ľ޳ӣŻڳ˯еŮˣ۵򴽡
ƽĻʱƽҲˣҲΪ̫ķѾˣʱȥ˯úܳ
ƽϵķ˿Ժ, ľƽ촽
ŵ˴, Щûз, ԭӦó˯ƽ, ȴ۾۴ЦĿıӰ
, ƽǣ˸˯ˣľѾˣ첢ȥ̫ġ
ôʱ䣬ҲȷʵЩ۵ģһᱻٴ˳˯ƽٴ۾ʱҲѾһСʱ֮ˡ
ѧ㣬ˡսѩ͹ͷźãľԥŵҪҪƽʱ򣬱㿴ƽӴ
šҲΪո˯ѵԭƽЩŵջ
ľǿԼߴƽ˻ǰͣǿ򶨵ĵѧȥϴɣһˡ
ƽûǳ°Ϳľޡ
һûʲôľת㿴ƽһ˲˲ĶԼʶһԼ·
ľ޲ųƽ˹ȥﲻ𣿡
ûСľһƽֱסԴĻ
ľһ£ҲŶԷԼˣǲǻû˯ѰľһЩûһµĸƽĺ󱳡
˵ǰûз֣ѧôֻҪһ뵽ƽһֻ֪
ҲֻǰƽŻ᳹׷·ľ޾;ĪĽ㡣
е㡣ƽľ޵Ļ˲䣬ô죿ĺϣʱԶһ̰
ľޣѧ㣬Ҫұȥϴ𣿡
ƽ̴ľ޵Ļﵯˡ
ƽЩŵıӰľûסЦ˳
ôˣʲô𣿡ƽϴˣͿľֻüͷһڿʲôӡ
ѧ㡣ľ޽ֻ£Ҳ¶Цݡ
ƽһ۱µֻٴʵʲôˣ
ľץ·ϵı鿴ȥЩᣬھ鷢һЩ鱻ŵˣҸѧġ
׽ղŸҴ绰˵鲻Ҫ̫ڵģѾϵˣ֮Ҳż
˵ʱľĵĿƽһۣ˵飬˾κεҲǲҪȥ壬ѧ㡭
ľҧҧһ֮Ի飬Ϊһζ˵Ƿ
ʵľҲһԱҵǻк̶ܴȵӰģ˵֮ĹϵӵС
ƽϲϷԣϣԼϲٵƽ
ھʱȻҲʱԼԼƽĸ飬Ҳܻ¶ʱ򰡡
ϲһ˵ʱ򣬼ʹ˵ϲҲ۾ܳ仰˵Ƿǳеġ
Ҷ˸׵ĵ绰֮ҲϵƵһ£˵ʵĳЩƵУƽȷʵƲס
һ⣿ƽЦЦһʱôܻûпǹЩء
ǰ̤УŵȷʵйҪ˼ģǾĳѾû뷨ˡ
ϲϷһϣǶڵ˵ֻҪϷݾѾ㹻ˣ׻ǣ⡣
ڵƽ˵ľ޺Ϸ֮ѡĻȻǻѡľޡ
Ͳһ׵ı˵뷨ҵˣƽ˵
ǸĹϵǳеˣôʵǺЩ˶Ŀġ
˵һαųƵûʲôʵԵ֤ݡ
һ鱻ˣҪվȻҲǻԥվϵġ
ƽ˵ȻѾľȷϵˣôʹڴǰҲǾԲȥϵġ
ϲľޣʵȥ˵ѣҲԸȥ˵ѡ
ѧ㡣ľգգ۾Щжһʼ֪׵ʽʱľʵЩŵģΪ֪ƽ᲻⡣
ô˵˵һںܶ˿һβ
ڸ˵ʱһҪȫµļƣƽʱͻ÷ǳĲš
ΪٶһЩԱڵİɣΪʼվãûа취ƽһ󣬶İ顣
֮飬ǲѾ׽˵ˣƽüûиľ̫жʱ䡣
ľӣЩĵ˵ͷ
֮飬òҲ˵˰ɣƽ֮ǰ˴һصģҲ֪˵ЩʲôĻ档
ļ̌ͷƽһۣѸٵĵͷЩĵġ
ȥԶɣҸ绰ƽľ޵ԴҲû˵ʲôֵĻ
ֻõľ޵Ĵ֮Ҳˣɽʱʱʱ־ٶôˡ
ãѧҲһ緹ˡƽûʲôˣľҲĵ˿ɽ֮Ľײñǳˡ
ƽӦһֻߵԱߣֻʱ򣬱㿴պδӵ绰
˿ƽͨպĵ绰绰ͨ̽һֱڵĵ绰ء
㡣
ϵҲѾ֪˰ɣ
šƽսֻǸ
֮ǰ֮һֱûиպ˵飬ǸʱΪľһҲûıҪ
ҲȷʵΪ뷨ûиպ컺Ļᡣ
ǡպüġ
һˡƽһҧŰͷԼľޣᡣ
պĬƬ̣ϣȷʵЩƽŵˣƽ֮ǰľ޻һļơ
ôͻȻһأպϢеŸľ׷ƽ
պûгƽҲûгҲ֪ϢеպһʱЩܲˡ
㡭պ죬Ҫ֯ԣûа취Լ˵Ļ˵
֮ĹϵСı¶ˣôǲϵģ㣬˽ҵġ
֪պҪ˵ʲôһ㣬ƽƮƮĸ˴𰸡


38 
Ҿ֪ô˵Ҳ֪ȥ˶, պų˳ǣЦ
ƽˣ˵̸϶ƽ˽ıȽȫɡ
Ҳ֪ƽһʲô, Ȼ׿ڳԼľ֮Ĺϵ, Ҳζ, ǲȥˡ
ǰʱպҲֹһεƽȽϹֱҲԸ˵ѵ, ĲôʺȦġ
ֻǰһ㶼ȻҲȥЩ, ڡ
㣬Ǹ
ƽҲ֪, պ˵, Ƕʱܹܵ顣
Ȧһֱûа취ͷںò˵ɫ, ֳ顣
һ鱻¶˳, ҲζǱˡ
Ϊľ޵Ĵڣƽڶ鿴ǱȽϿģǶպ죬ҲȷʵǸеǳǸġ
Ͼ꣬պҲȷʵΪܹеɫ˲١
ĻòװǰˣȴֳʱпܻᱻٵΣ, պһʱܲ, ƽҲܹġ
ҵʲôǸѽ, Ҫôѡ, ΪѣȻ֧ġ
պüĽչ˿, ѾܶˣڶƽľҲǲܽܡ
˵ˣھȥԺ֪ʲôʱŻᷢ飬е
ڣľ޸ƽûҪĴ㣬ƽҵȻҲܵӰ졣
лл㣬㡣ƽ򴽣պ죬Ƿǳмģ͹ʱڵķֺͲڵ֧֣ƽܸж
պ죺úøлҵĻͺúϷŬ׬Ǯҵֵ¿ɾֻôһˣڿɻſ׬Ǯء
ҿҪúŬ˰ƽЦΪ֮Ҳûôˡ
ˡպͻȻʲôһ㣬ԼĶͷ΢ϵϢҲܵû
߷껨֮ҲҪӦһ·˿ġ
֪ˡƽӦһ˼Ҷ˵绰
ǲˣƽľ̷еİӣһŵĿ
Ȧ̸飬Ǳ˺͹˾ֹģһľ޻ġ
Ȼľ޸պйӴ˵˽պ죬Ҳ֪飬պôġ
ûСƽľ޵ͦõģ⼸һֱرչңεĳͦġ
ǳܲΪҪ㷭ˣȴֳ飬ľˣָѾַˡ
ûͺáľ˿պƽˣƽΪǵʱû
ƽպ֮ĸ飬ȻҲǷǳģľȻҲϣΪԭ򣬶֮ĸ⡣
̫ˡƽһӷŵľ޵ԼҲһ˵ˣôҲûʲôãɽǰ·
궫֮ľָƽһ۾ϰõıѩǰ顣
ˡ˸̤飬㿴ɽ֡

ϵҪôǵľӦҲѾ˵ˣҲѾųȥˡ
˵ľͷɽҲź
ϵ飬ɽҲǽϽӵ׵ĵ绰֪֮ġ
֪ʱɽʵҲǷǳŭģϾȦ棬飬һ˵˺ж
ʱĵһ뷨ǣȥϳ壬Ȼ󽫷ھʺڳϾ飬ҲѾ˲ֹһˡ
ȴҪȥ壬ÿԽεĻⲿˣȻľ޺ƽCP뷨
ɽȻ̫ǲѾ֪ľ޸ƽ֮飬Ƕ׵飬Ǿ˫˫ͬġ
ŮcpͱͬȫһģcpҵĽ̶ܳȻǷǳߵġ
ֻҪ˵CPˣô֮ıسһЩеûĵ飬Ҳ˾ȥķȥ롣
һĻǶľ޺ƽǶҪ˺ǲ˵ġ
ľ޸ƽ˱˴һۣͬʱóֻҲûȥɽųĻʲôϢ֮㽫ֻ
˽ֻɽк˿ʼϷˣľ޺ƽЩʲôûȥѯʡ
ȻҲͲ֪һΪľ޺ƽĻӦһķ粨
Ѿ˵ˣ֮϶èڵģڲѾ֤
Ҿ֪ҿĵCPһġ
ڹȻǱˡ
ѲֻҾãӱȽ϶𣿡
ԣֻһԲҪˢڸˣȥ
ڵĹҲ̫ûйˣѵǲ֪ΪҪԺ𣿡
¥⻰˵ľЩ̫Ц˰ɣʲôнԺãѵ˼̸Ȩû𣿡
Щ̸ҪҴţڳϵȽϵĻһǱȽϲһʹ󵨹ˡ
˵ǵĹעǲǸˣ˵̸ǲˣɶŮ˰
Ůôˣɹ涨ŮӾͲܸŮһˣ
ͬˣϽȦ@ľ@ƽ
̫ˣҪСӿˣǻɲõӰġ
ǿҪЦˣʲôСɲõӰ죬ΪСӾûзֱǷǵ𣿡
λȲҪһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬֪

콲콲
Ҿðɣһε飬᲻Ǿ緽ڳ
ܣܣɽôϷˣһǳģ
ɽݲ᳴˾Ͳ᳴ƽСܹõɽݵϿɣݼǲȥɵģûʲôѱһε鲻ָģĿľΪ˸˳CPƽС㳴ȶȡ
ˣΪʲôͻȻ൱е
ͻȻðķô󲿷˶΢һһǣҲͻȻˡ
鷢ڣָûиκεľ޺ƽĻӦȥʵ֮Ĳ岻һ
Щֹܵٷ΢£Щܵƽľ޵΢£Ǹһ𰸵ķ˿ҲûеõκεĻӦ
ûиκεҲˣƽľ໥˶Է֮󣬻һȥʵĻ
Щ׶˵ܻǵĴ˷ٶġ
ıʲô沨һ˾˵ⷬеʱȻҲõ󲿷˵Ͽɺ͸͡
ЩΪʲôĲ²⣬ȻҲΪľ޺ƽ΢ĺ˶롣
ľޣV
˵ϲ@ƽ
ƽV
֪˵ûʲô˱Ҫ
ڿ֮ǰЩƵԼ˵֮ٿ˵΢Ϣ֮󣬾ͺ˾ڸձס
ϸһȦЩɧЩ˱ε϶һγĿľΪƽ
ô˵ȦǷǳеģ˵ľ޺ƽͬԹϵ
־Բܻ飬֮ʲôҲԲܻǽ޹˼ɵĹ
ȥܶ˱һε飬϶ָĹĿľҪľ޵ƽ
ȻҲ˵û˷Уľ޺ƽ֮ϵ
ЩܿͱЩͲԸԼż̸ûˡ
󲿷˻Ըһε飬ֻǵżϹ˾һγˡ
ʵܶ˶֪ǣľ޺ƽ΢ǿȥڸձףΪ˵ʵ뷨Ȼ˵ĻǾ籾̨ʡ
Ӧʱ򣬲ûΥǱԸûзһʵ
ЩҪһε飬׸ľ޺ƽģķչ򣬸ϣȫͬôû뵽ӡ
飬ǻ˿ѷ۵ģᷢ˿زȵ顣
˵ľ޺ƽָеĹϵ˭ܹ뵽ȻͱԷɵĸˡ
ԼõˮѾʲô˻ˣŭԼǰϵĶȫɨ˵ϣžڷԵø
ѩŵӣʶľԶʱȥޱȷŭˡ
һ֮ʶԼΪЩףԥһ£Ǵյߡ
޹ǵӣҲ˳ƿϣ¶£ɱΪӰ
Ů˴Ȼɤɹոŭһһɢȥ
ЩѵװĶˮʵѾǰˣǾȻѡӡ
ֻҪһ飬Ļð˳Ϊһε飬Ǽõܹѹľ޺ƽĻᡣ
˭ܹ뵽ķ˴Ǹ·ˡ
¶£Ҹұ֤֮϶ֻѹϵô򵥡
ѩָؿڻȦȦľ޺ƽ΢Ҳˣ֪˵Ǿ籾̨ʣΪǸ籾Ҳ
֮ǰЩƵУľ޿ƽ񣬾ǿϲ˵
һ㣬ѩԼͷҲòϣŮ˵һȷʵ
˵΢֮Уȷʵûа취ȷĿ˵Ǿ籾ߵ̨ʡ
ǣֻҪⲿ粥֮ѱܹ֣֮ǰ˵ȷʵǾ籾ߵ̨ʣֻʦʦñǸʡˡ
Ǹʱѱֻȷţһε飬ǾֳĿģΪⲿ
˵һʼʱǾͶε˵˲Ĺģ»ʵ䷴
ʵʵĴʽǽѡȨݵѵУԼȥνࡣ
ԼѰҵǱȽŷģһ㣬ʲôʱõġ
ѩҲѾûа취εˡ
˵һε飬ȷʵԷˣҲûջ
Ѿȷľ޾ϲƽģŮ鰮ϲ
ô˵ɲЩ޴ǰ㣬Ϊľ޵ΪǳھҪپ籾߿û˵ŮϵŮ
˼˵֮䣬ȷʵνϵץסѩԼؿڻȦȦ֡
ԣǵĹϵûôסѩŤ֫˸üۣܻ꣬¶β͵ʱ򡣡
üѩ˵²⻹ͦģϵЩۣʵѹûе档
֮ԻȥҲֻҪ׻ٵƽľްˣڣѩĻ֮ڸоЩĵͬʱҲ뷨
ƽǴӼԷĵһ濪ʼФˣˣȻûе֡
ǷζƽѾûκεˣȻǷ񶨵ģЩԽǵò˺˵ִǷǳġ
ǴûзҪõƽ뷨˵һεȷʵûдﵽҪﵽĿġ
ҲѾ뵽ܹٵƽľ޵İ취ˡ
ֻҪ˵ĹϵˣȻܵǧָȦȥͲòͷ
ƺѾľ޺ƽǰҡβģˣǵЦôҲѹסˡ
һ;رĵЦš


39 
ʦľʦںͺ, ǰ濴Ƚ۰
ȷʵ
һĻ棬ܶ๤Աʮͬĵ˵ͷȻ, ܶ˶˵CPۡ
õͨ, ǰ֮ķΧ, ЩԱûþ
˵΢ϵϢǿ𣿡
ȻˣҾ˵, ҿĵCPһģľʦʦһ̫ˡ
Ů˫ֺʮǰ, ϹĸЦ
ǵЦһգˮҪˡźѵ, ŮЩεķ
𣿡Ůֲһ, ŷԼϵƭˡ
ߵĹԱӣҲ̲סЦ
иһͷ̷, ѼñŮ, ľ޺ƽǱ߿һۣСĵ˵ľʦʦǲһˣ
ôܣǺѣǹۣЩ˵һֻۣЩCPۻĶѡ
ľ޺ƽcpŮĪ, Է˵֮ⷬ, ̸˷ԵĻ
ΪͬȦ, ôܻ᲻֪Է˵ⷬ, ϲʲô˺
ΪһCPۣȻҲرϣĵCP, Ҳرϣľ޺ƽĻһ
ʵҲܶʱⶼЩCPۻġ
ԣһǳǵCPۣȻҲԷۣⷬľ޺ƽ鷳
뵽Ϸ飬ĪԿԷ񣬾ԵЩôˡ
Ҳ֪ĿʺɢۣⲻĨľʦʦ𣿡
ǰȦǸʲôĵطҲŷЩƵ˻᲻֪ôžҪľʦʦ
ֻҪһ뵽Ǿ˴ڣҾ;ЩģҲЩԼ˽᲻һҲᱻԷȥ
˵ʵҲйĵģϾѾǵڶη˰
˼ֱһŶҲ֪涼װЩʲôôܹɥĲء
ΧĹԱһһĿʼָЩϷƵˡ
ĪԿǸ֮ǰ˵ˣ˵ָУɫԽԽѿʱǵ²Ҳı֤ʵˡ
ȻҲöȥĦԷǲ֮ǰǷۣڵ֣ⷬ˲òȥ밡
ͱͱߵѣһԣĪԽԼĲ²˵˳
Ĳ²еģһȥ˵ģ㲻Ҫģľʦʦһúõġ
֪Īϲƽľ޵ģҲ֪Ĳϣܵκε˺
ĪԵķ֮ŮҲû˿ԥɽһ¡
˽Ա¶Ƶһµ飬˵Է˼
ھ飬˭Ҳ֪ǲǻᷢ顣
ľ޺ƽ֪£ܻɸ˺Ķ޳ˡ
ѧ㣬ûзԿһֱڶ㿴ԼϷ֮ľޱһֱƽߡ
ԼõıѩݸƽһϵϢƽɤѾûôɳˡ
ƽ˵ʱǲп޹ġ
𣿡ƽӹѩһڣĳľʾķһۣȻ㷢Կȷʵڳ߿
ڿԷû߹Ĵ㣬ƽҲûˣҲȵ㡣
á
ľһĵĽӹƽݸԼıӣƽȹˮľ޾ԼľǱ۹һðݡ
Ȼˣʱ˿̣˵ǰûһ˵ĻǾ͸ӵˡ
ʲô𣿡ľЦеĿվǰԿֶԷڲͣƽʱЩ̫ˡ
ԿӣƺǾЩ̫˼ղڿľ޺ƽϢʱһֱԥҪҪ
ϾԶԶĿȥһʱܻһֱ޷ĸо˾ãжһ
뵽ԼƽϾҪжϷˣԿҲòӲͷƤҹˡ
֮ԹƽϣƽܹԼһϷΪиƬôҲо
ʦҶһϷԿڽʦʱûʲôѹġ
ȻűĻȦʱǾʱദƽҲǷǳġ
ƽݼȷʵкֵܶѧϰĵطԳƶԷһʦӦõġ
ԡԿҪ󲢲֣ƽȻҲûоܾɡ
ллʦƽӦԼԿĿԶ׼ġ
ԿôģƽҲǱȾһ㣬ǡ
ԿƽʵͦϲģΪСԱҲǽСܵһ㿴ġ
˵ԿһرŬˣǫѷѧ̬ȣҲΪӷֲ١
ԼһһƽԼϵ̺Ӹľ޵ϡ
šľ޹ɵĵ˵ͷ°ͿԶ
ûоʦԿվһҲͦģ
С̹𣿡
ԶԶԣر
㻹˵ȷʵǸζˡ
ôһԽԽ䰡
䣿ľϵЦݣΪ֮ĶԻһһԭЦ˫ۣʱȥȴٴ˵⡣
ڸƽ۾籾Կ䲻ش˸飬ЩֵĳΧ˿㿴ľֱֱߡ
Կ￩һ£Ҳ˵Ϊʲôһֲ̫øоǺľ޵߲û̫ͣʱ䡣
ľջߣԿų˿ֱʱŷ֣ڿľ޶Լʱûл
ԿΪƽȻҲûж˵ʲôԴĿľһۣдһĨζЦ⡣


40 
ѧ, ȵˮɣ㱾ɤӾͲϢһ°ɡ
ľޱԼȥһ, ƽԼôС, ʲô׶ԡ
ǸղЩԱ˵Щ, һֱԺѭţѾŬȥԼˣǺܿϧ, һ㶼ɹ
ߵǰʱľ޻ûס, Կһ̫Ƶ
á
ӹľ޵ݸԼıӣƽü, ʵԿҪ۵Ѿˡ
û뿪, ҪľܹͶá
ʵǰʱƽ֪, ľʵһռرǿ, ֻǸʱ߳ľ֮⣬ûʲôϵȽϺõˡ
ľ޵ʱıֲǺԣƽôľռȽǿġ
ΪʶʱʼľǻЩߵԣ޵ĵ⡣
ղ, ԿӴʱ, ͸оľ޵ĵ, ܿľ޳Դ, ʵͦĵġ
Ͼǰǣ̫ڿԼԱ˴˵ĸ, Ժ޹˼ɵͷԼռ˾ͦõġ
ľӰ󡣡
ԿľҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪţڿľ߹ʱĪĽ
ľ۾һЦԿļ򣬡ҪôŰú۸Ƶġ
ûûСԿİ˰֣ʶԼķӦЩʱ򣬱̿ڵǸˡ
ӣĺ۸㰡ľ˫ۿ
Կ죬һͨ죬ЩޣǰôûзľӰô׽Ūأ
ˣѺӸŵáƽվһԿ˻ϷƵ³һ䡣
ѧ˵𣿡ľ޿ƽЩԹ
ΪñȽϽ˵仰ʱСûվǶԿ
ƽգգ۾ЩǱƿߣľЩǴ󹷹һĿɰЩмܲס
ľӰʦԿе顣Կ֮䣬֪ԼǺõʱ ĳǽ˳
ãѾˡƽʾԽ˴ߡ
Դ磬ʲô鰡ԿΪġ
Цеĳһۣûʲô
ܲ˵֮Իȥ㣬һǾЩһǾЩ۰ɡ
ţԿԵúɻ
㻹СҪô࣬㳤˾֪ˡԴ
ţԿԼӵʺţʵᣬԼѾСˣһѾʮյĴˡ
ǿӣٿԼԷ߲ԿǷǳ֪֮ѡ˱졣
Դˣƽľ޵ģͷ
ľ˴ǣץƽԼֵָѧ᲻ӣ
ƽһ£ʵû뵽ľ޻ĻԷ⸱СԼоģƽۼˡ
ôܻءƽ˻ǣһ֣Һܿġ
𣿡ľ޲ûȫµģⱲӵһΪһĶһϲһˡ
֪֮䵽ദģ˵ֻҪǸƽйص飬ͻرкС
ЩƽйӴˣǻٴôһĵ⡣
Ϊľ޵ĿУѧƯõˣãнӽƽ˶ƽ
еʱҲϣ˶ܹʶƽĺãΪѧֵеȥϲ
еʱ뽫ƽϣѧԶֻϣĺԶֻ֪
˵ģľеʱ򶼾ԼǷѳһ
ղţЩԱ˵ƽԿȽʱǰ컹˵ƽȽ䡣
ѧģȻҲֻиġ
Ȼˡƽľ޵Դף˵ںҰ
ղڸԿϷʱ֮һЩܵ֫Ӵġ
˵ľڿһĻʱûκηӦĻôƽҪЩˡ
ȻǶϷǳԴ鱾ûʲô԰
ѧͿڳԴˣ
ľ˫дߵ˫ۣƽ˸ǾԲľޣȷʵйĳɷġ
ѧ㡣ľ޶˶š
ϴȥԺóԵĺòãƽľ޵Դ
óԵģľ޵ߣʶı㼯ƽĺ촽ϡ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲô˶ǱƿԼߣҪԼѡ
ʲôľ޵еСƽû˵Щʲô
ҪʲôҪԼѡľƵƽǰһ˫Ц˫ġ
áƽЦЦҪľȥԶʲôȻҪľԼȥѡˡ
Ǵʱ˿̵ƽôû뵽ľ޵뷨˵Եϵʱ򣬾Ѿ˷ˣ˵뷨˵ǲʮǧˡ
֮ʱľ޿ȥɾϵЦݶûһɢ
ľޣƽЩЦֻǴӦȥԺóԵģû뵽Ȼôġ
ľôڴƽڿ֮ҲЩѹһƽôϲŵ˵
⸽ʲôʳĲر֪ЩطҲȫǰѧʱľ޴ȥġ
Ҳ˵ЩطãֻľȥһЩǰûȥĵطϣ˿ԴһЩĻ䡣
߻һѩϴεܹóѩطǷǳϤġ
ѩĹ֮ƽҲ˼ѡھ͵չ֮ͿԴľȥˡ
ľһ¡ϷȲ׼ױҳľޣɽۼֿץסĸ첲
˵֮ǰڿ˵ʱֻǾӦֻǽ⿪ͺˣôڣЩعζˡ
֮ǰѾԹ˾ǻϲġ
ƽԸ˵Ļʽľȷ˹ϵǾԲھľޱֵôܵġ
ϾľѾȥ׹һˣ˵ƽûнľޣôԲָԷϣľٶ
˴鵽ڣ֮Ļͱ֣ĲҪ̫˰
ټɽһֱڹעˡ
Զ֮СҲпģ˵ûʲôĻͰԼͷժǵߡ
ѾûʲôҪľͷ𣿡ľ޿һɽץԼ첲ֻ֡
ԼϷ֮ǵɽ˵˿֮׼뿪ģץԼǼ˼
ûʲôҪľͷɽ˵⻰ʱҲûзſľޣԼһ֣ľ޾ͻԭʧƵġ
£ľü
˵أɽʡ
ľգգ۾˾۵Сһ
Ҿֱ˵ˣƽʲôеһˣԼѣľ޸ûʶԼҪʲôʱɽҲòֱһˡ
ʲôеһˣľһ˵ʲôӡ
ֲǲ֪ɽľ޴ͷš
ľʶĳ˳Լ죬ʲô񣿡
ɽ°ͣϵЦԵøӵζˣôŸʲô
нŰľ޿һֻץԼ첲֣а˵˵Ҫֶŵġ
ɽüƽĽչǲζţԺҶְȨ㴴ˡ
ȣľ޽ַڴߣĿһ£㲻Ҫ˵ʲôʱйĽˣ
һߵƽɽһʹļ׵ĵ㲻ܴĿ֮͹ӲŰ뵱ҿΪ˲ٵ
ʲô
ľ޵ļһ£ݺݵصɽһۣҪٺ˵˵ˣתͷƽ
ûʲôϷ񫷸ˣҸϷ
Ϸ񫷸˰ƽ߷ɽץľ޸첲ֻϣʲôŶΣ
һҪͷǰŶΡľ˵˵֮㽫ɽץԼ첲ָֻ
ɽüҲû˵ʲôĬˡ
ȤûⰡƽһǳǳĻȣɽһ֮󣬱㽫߷ľ޵ϡ
ľգգ۾һĵ뷨Щͨչͬġ
ȣɽĿһԼٲֹľޣͻᱻľһⰮõı̬ˡ
֮ǰϷųƵĹԱѾˡ
ôͽҳˣľЩȡ
˲ҳģлĻ㲻ö˵ˣġ
ɽ˵ʱͣһ£Ϊ̫ľǷԼ֪˹ϵƽˡ
룬㻻˸˵ǵķ˿ֵģѾǸлˡ
ȻѾˣ˭Ҳܱ֤飬Ͳеڶ˳ˡ
ɽ仰Ƕľ˵ģ˼ǸԺھʱ΢һ㣬Ҫٱץѱˡ
лпԷľɽļָ˿ͷ֧Ʊ
ھʱ䡣ɽЦеĿľޣǲˣ㻹Ƿһٷأ
ľޱҭһ£ȻûҿһֱŵģҲ˵ʱ˾Է´ΰҽûա
ľ˵ҲɽӦĻᣬƽ㳯Żױȥˡ
Ǽɫ尡ɽƲƲ죬ǣ뿪˱Ӱ̲סЦȻõܹð
ľ޻·֮ԼжҪȻؾƵһΪɣƽ˾Ƶꡣ
ջص䣬ƽӦ㱻ľ޶ϣӲţǰ˵ǰŴƽһ˲±ơ
˵иҪȡǸʲô
ѧ㡣
ƽǽߵĺ촽ľ޵һԴƽ˵ҪȥԺóԵʱľ޾һֱڴš
Ȼƽʱ˵ĳԵĸԼҪԵĶȫһʲôϵأƽҲӦԼѡ
ľ˵ϵɽ亣ζѧζƷһ֮󣬾һֱ
ƽԾһմȾͻ񫣬ⱲӾͶ䲻ˡ
˵ȥԶ𣿡ǻľ޵ζƽصһ¡
ѧ˵Լѡģɲܷѽľ޽ԴƽĲĲǡ
ûɥʧǣȻҲ֪ƽĲʲôԵĺۼ
ȻڵȽԴ·Ҳǰǡ
ƽľ޵ľٶŪЩʶľ㣬˵ȥԺóԵģ˭֪Ķ鰡
ʲô鰡ļ̌ͷ۴ЦĿƽ
ƽ˺죬ľһۣôôûûƤİ
ΪҲҪܹ׷ѧ㰡ľһ⣬ԼҪһôֵҫ顣
ľ˵ҪܺƽߵôҲܱ˹鰡
ѧ㣬ҪŶľ˵꣬㳯ƽĺ촽˹ȥ˵ĺһ
ľ޵һֱֻƽһֳֻţҧҧƽĴ꣬ϸϸƷš
һĵˣһ㶼żһԹĺͯһ㣬Сִ³ç¸ҡ
С̽ţһһ׼ڣȻ̽УƽĴһ˳еħǵζҲľԽĳ
СƽĴ꣬ڶԴһϡ䱦ֳԡ
ѧ㣬Ұ㡣ĵ૴Ӵڻ˴֮䡣


41 
ľЩ, ԭȻΪЩ̫ˣƽѹͲ
ȻѾرһĵǸ, ڵĻ, Ч롣
ǱϷƽ, ľٴ̾һȷʵûпסԼҧҧ, ľ޳ΧһۣЩԼ΢΢̵
֪, ЩСȫƽС
ڿطŵĿյƽ㿴ľһľٶ
Լ촽, 뵽, ƽüۣľ, Ϊ
ΪľҪúõ侲һ, Ҳ֪һǾ̫ʢˣǱѹֵ̫ˣƽڶԼͷЩ̫ʹ
OKһ
ɽƽӺ˼״̬˻
ҪĵϷ̸֮󣬱жµϷݡ
ˡ
ʲôط˭̳ŴһĿŶԷ
ҽе, סĵط, ҿε, ͽ, £Ҳ˺ġ
Կ˿Լϵҩ, ҹʱѹǰҩ
ǰһ£òʵ꣬΢΢üллҡ˵㽫뻳УóԼȫӡ
֮ΪЩǮ¡˵һԵĽ׼뿪
𶯡ǰһס̵ļ򣬡ˣǲҪǿˣȰҩ˰ɡ
û£ȿȿȡ䣬̱
ֱڴ̵ļ򣬡ʲôȰ˵Ǹ㸶ӣβⲻ쾭ҲҪʲô
ллջǱԸ˵ˣŵݵԼߵҩ룬ſ졣
ԿղŵıЩ̫Ծɽվڻ
Բ
ɽ˲䣬ԿѾվôϷˣȻҲ֪Լղŵıݳˡ
ֻǡԿķ˹ȥҲ֪ղǲԼĴܾйɱԼˡ
һ£Ǽ
áԿ뷨˦Ժ
ҾҪ΢һ£ߺ죬תһעɺã
ľתͷ㿴֪ʱߵԼߵᣬһЦĿԼ
ľޣ㡭
ľӰҲϣԿһֱɡʵ᱾ǲ뱩¶ԼǸcp۵ʵ־Կʵ̫һ㡣
ðɣʵǾԿԼcpˣԿϽϷݣľ޺ƽͬ
㡭ľʶֱӣȻԿһֱ˰ະһΣԿҪƽһᡣ
ֻǣһô֪ʲôģ˵ոձ¶ˡ
ľӰʦcpۡЦеĵ
ľûĻ˵ֻһ룬Ͼǰɻһcp۵ţȴѾһеɽڡ
ĻɲţѾľһӣʼ˼Լоֹ
˵ɽܹΪϼ޻ᶼˣǿ϶ĳЩΪ˱һźˡ
һ֣ٴڵĻỹվһߵġ
ľûԼҲû˵ʲôˣʵҲⷬ˵ڵʱ򣬻ľһʲôϢ
⣬ô˵cpֵͦģ˵ڻĵˣÿ춼ǳԵӱжˣôܻȥƻأ
Ǳߵһľ޴к뿪ˡ
ʲôأһ뿪ıӰƽľ޵
ѧ㡣ľһԵˮݸƽʦղŸ˵ǵCPۡ
ƽűӵһ٣Ǿˣ
šľ޵˵ͷȻ֪ΪʲôҪ˵Ҹоȷʵǿˡ
ģȻ˵ˣǾʹûʲô⡣ƽ˿ˮڱڳCPʹ͸¶ȥˣҲֻ˾ڳ
šľӦһ
ڵһᱻɡƽˮľ޵תԼΪԱҪЩİ
浽һ죬Ҳҵһе𣿡
ǡľЦˣЦȴ۵ףѧ㣬ھ飬ǻǱֵɡ
ľľԼͦѵģһ棬Ǻ޲ȫƽһˣ޲ϵ˶֪顣
һ뽫Ϊһ鱻ȥʲôӰ졣
ԼνҪǺƽܵ˺
ʵĳЩ棬ǷǳƵģǾͬôЩ
ǶԼˣȴ˭Ҫ⣬Ϊ֮ˣΥԼԸ
Ļʵľ޴˺ܴѹǵĹʲȱˣԺܶʱûʲô̫ѡġ
ڵľ˵˳ȦҲǳɴѡϢӰ
ΪԼõѾˣóԵҲѾԹˣϢӰҲźƽһ
ŸոȦ˵ɫûеõӦõõҫҪһǣƽϲְҵĵȰϷ
ΪԼ˽ٵƽȰҵ֮飬ɽ˵νϾɽһȥˡ
ɽƷľ޻ǱȽεģɽֵΣ˶ֵΡ
ǰεѾ֤鲢û˼ڣһǻΡ
ˣ˭ܹ֤ᱻء
ƽûпڣֻǾĿľޡ
ѧ㣬ǲǲˡľ޳˳ƽ䡣
ƽͷʾעһԼ֣㲻˵Ҫ־𣿡
ľޱҭһ£˵Ҫ־룬Ҳû˵Ҫİһ뵽ʱľҲЩί
ľ˴ƽϵĮҲάֲȥˣתľ޵Լû
𣿡ľ޵Ƶġ
ȻˣΪҿǰôܻأƽľ޵˵־飬Ҳͬ⡣
ѧ㡭ľ޼ˡ
ƽָĴϣʾԼ˵ӽĵһƤҩһˡ
ڲұ־룬ʵñ˶룬ȦӲ˵ڻǹ
֪˹ŻʲôĺҾ㲻ԼҲġ
籩жô£ƽûҲ֪ϵ˺жôĲ̡
˵һʼ֮㱻ҲνĻôڣҲĹˡ
ԱǸľ˸ѣҲǸƽ˸ѣϾȦӣ翴ȥôá


42 
˵ƽѾ˹ʶ, ľھʱҲǰһ޹˼ˡ
ڸƽദʱǻʶȥעһԼоֹ, ǶΧ˵, ҲЩ
Ǻ֮㻹ǽеķǳ˳, پҲûֳ˭Ƶŵϵˡ
ѧ㣬᲻㡣ľƽ᲻÷ſ
ƽϷݾҪɱˣҲζŽ֮, Ҫ뿪ˡ
ľޣΪⲿŮ, Ȼûа취ƽһ뿪ġ
ֻҪһ뵽һʱ䶼Ҫƽˣľ޾ͺ޲ԼҲܹƽһɱࡣ
С𣿡ɽûĵľһ, Ҹ㰡, һһϷʱʵһ, ɱʲô۶Ӱ
ľ޲ùҵƽϵļ, ɽе㵣ġ
һһϷʱľΪƽһٸԼʲôˡ
㲻Ҫĸһðɣҿôε𣿡ɽԼľҲǺص˻ȥ
᲻ƽҲܻһϷʱʲô۶Ӱ
Ϊְҵ²Լô, ҲΪⳡϷ, ᲻ƽļΰ
, Լͳ, ׼һ£ʼˡ
ƽҪĵһϷ, һһ򶷣ðϪĿΪ̵֮档
ʦ㣬㲻ҪҲҪ˵һֱߵģ㲻ʳ԰
Ϫ̣ͣĲǵѪѪȴԽԽ࣬ܿ죬ֻƣ·ѪȾˡ
ˣĺˣΪʲôҪɽǸʱΪʲôûȫ̡
ޡ֣̾ҪϪϵˮɵԼϵѪʱֳˣӣСʦõŪİ
ʦ㣬㲻µĶԲԣϪץס̵֣Լϲ˲䡣
ĳ˳ǣҪһЦˣʦϲЦˡ
ãСʦǸС̫ȴˣЦһ𣿡
áϪ򴽣ջѿ죬¶һЦˮѪЦݿȥЩˡ
˵ȴ൱㣬СʦãԲʦʳˣʦԺ󣬲ˡ
ҪѧչԼҪѧֱˣˣʦʦﶼܵ㣬㣬Ҫȥƽ
ɽϵǿ÷£̳ƣʱһȵģڣҲȲˣǵãǵöʦȼ
ҲҪҪԼȣҲҪȣԼȥȡϪǲҪһ㳯̵롣
ʦ㲻µģʦôܻ뿪ģţ˵Ҫһֱһֱһġ
ˣСʦãˡץס˰ϪԼֻ֣ˣⱲӣĺܿġ
ʦʦ飬ҾѾˣܹ㣬ģܿġ
ҲܿġϪӣʦϲϲˡ
Ҳϲˡ̵ĺĴСʦãҶԣûʲô˱Ҫˣܱ㣬ģܿġ


ɽں˿֮ľȻƽû֣ĺܽͺǺԼһ֣˾Ҫʧˡ
ľޣû¡ƽĸľ޵ĺ󱳣һһ飬䷳˵Լһֱ˵仰
ѧ㡣
ƽİ£ľ޵Ҳһһĵõ˻͡
ţڡƽܹоĲͿ־壬ҲԼֱõƽ
õ𣿡ƽӹѩݹıӣŵľ޵С
ľһֻֽӹӣһֻֻץƽ֣ûȫϷʱӶƽղŻѪģ
ľ޵ӣƽҲЩ۵ģѩ֮󣬱ľȥԼϢҡ
һȥƽֱӽľްϣҲ˻һϷѪ۵ģֱȥ
ƽٶľû뵽ģ˫ۣӶƽˣﻹܼǵ֮ǰʲôԺѾľ仰ˡ
Ϸ𣿡ƽϢЩɤЩЦ⣬ľ޲˲ǡ
ľ˿ƽԼĺѧ㡣ľޱƽԼһ㡣
һֱͣƽ촽ϣϷﻹ뵽鰡ӶƽղŵǸǰ
ľ⸱ģƽһЦ˳һҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ
ľգգ۾ƽϵѪҲǺ֪ԼʱӶȻʮǱģһѡ
üһˮѪÿ֪ǸʲôùˣƽӣԼҪˡ
ȥʰһ¡ľҲǾЩ˼ˡ
ϴԡҵģľϴ֮󣬱㿴ƽѾϵ
ϵѪۣҲѾʪˡ
ѧ㡣ľ߹ȥסƽ
šƽ˲ľ޵ԵĻƽʵľ޼ģպǱѾһԣٽϾҪ뿪ˡ
ƽԼȣʾľƱѾˣҽҪˡ
šľ޽ƽĻƵġ
𲻿ˣǻԴ绰Ƶƽľ޵ͷô죬û뿪ͷԼѾʼˡ
ļ̌ͷƽһѧҪǵҰ
Ȼھˡľ޵ĶͷƽЦ⡣
ľ˫§ƽĲӣס˶Էĺ촽ʱڴ˿ͣ


43 
˲û´̫ʱ, ϾԼҲǾ飬ǾƵ, ̫õĻ, ǻеûõĲ²⡣
ľ޵·ǲҪ, ΪỹҪżϷƽѾ˵ʽɱˣҲ˳㽫Ϸˡ
Ӵ, Ϸ˰һ֣ɽ߱޹˼ɵطŵľ, üȤĻ˳
ľ޷˸, ʱദ, ɽѾǳ׸ĹˣϵЩһ㶼ɿ
Ϊ, ʶɽɲһĲЦ, һرԵ˲ǡ

ÿһοľ޸ɽദʱƽȤ
ϲɱࡣɽ˵Žеĺ˹ȥ
ллƽûоܾǽ˹ǹΪͼ
أʦҪɱ, Ҳܾͽcp, ѹĪĿҪˡ
վԱߵͬü, ֪Щ, ǲ֪ΰοʦϾҪ뿪, 㲻ȥҪǩʲôġ
ȻƽȥЩĮھôʱˣҲ֪ƽֵô䵭
ȥҪǩĻǾԲᱻԷܾġ
ˣΪһϸcpۣ赽ǰȥĪԼļ֡
վǲǺԶ仰ʱҲǾЩźģϾҲľ޺ƽcp۰
ܹCPĻϾûˣҲʧȥ˲ٵȤ
Դ磬ǲȥʦ𣿡ԿȥģǿվߵᲢûǰ뷨ֱԥ
ԼȥĻ˵ʵЩ̫ҡ
Ȼľ޸˵ӡǱȽеģҲ֪Լ̫˻ô£ܾľ޶̬е֣ǹԼ˵
ƽھʱֻҪľ޸ƽһԿǾԲᵥȥƽġ
ҪϷҸоʱԿ˷ֿʱŻȥƽ
Կ֪ǣΪһٶŻľ޶̬ô֡
Կһȥֲҹȥģ;ЩЦ
еʱ룬ҲԿͦģϾľΪʲôôװ
߰ɡںôķϣἺΪˣһ
ľӰʦ
Կʱľ޵ıͱЩ΢ͣһ˲ŶԷ΢΢˵ͷ
Դһ˵˵CP֮ľ޾̸ˣȻƽĹϵѾʲôˡ
ľȻҲͷſˣƽ֮ĹϵЩУȻҲϣڱҪʱ򣬿иվǵһ粨
ѡ˵ǼʵģΪⲿǣͬһ˾ģҪǣ֪֮Ĺϵ
ľ޽Լ뷨˵ʱᵱʱ˵ǺԥľʹӦˡ
ܶԷʱӦĿĵʲôľ޶ͦмġ
ľӰʦԿ΢΢鿴ȥЩš
ԿľٶľЩҲ֪ǲԼһεΪŵˡ
Կÿһιƽʱǻƽߵʱ
ֻҪƽһ𣬾ͱضҪľ޶Ҫ̲סɣǲεʱԷˡ
ʵҲܹԿôƣΪƽͦϲԿģ̬ҲǺº͵ģڡ
ƽϰԵԿԴľ޵Щðˡ
ֲˣΪʲôôңľֱӲм䣬ƽַֻԼǣš
ûûаԿʶľ߶㣬ʵԿԼҲͦƵġ
Ҫ˵ĻϿ϶ľޱȽദһ㣬ľ޵ʱ򣬾ĪĻ÷ǳĽš
ľǣԼֻ֣ƽھöԷЩСͬʱ־ﷺ⡣
ҲǺľӰҾǣе㣬еšƺҲʶԼܵΪЩˣԿִŲ˹
ţҲ˵ġľۣԿҲûʲôرż̲סԸ׶ѡ
ÿһγԴ׵ʱҲܹõҲΪľ޿˵ǶԿְֺޡ
ҡԿգЩ֪ôˡ
ƽҪ뿪ˣҰϷݼһ£ʱȥɽվԿΧ
лľ۾һʱԷ
ɽͻȻЩۣÿľ޸ֿͷ֧Ʊʱۡ
Ҳ˵ʱʱҳԷˣⲿϷ֮ҳԷҿɾֱɱǹ˾ȥˡ
İɣ뿪֮ǰǷٶٷԻᲹϵġ
֮һֱûжɽԷ飬ҲֻľҪԼʱȫƽˡ
Ҿ͵ˡ˵仰֮ɽҲˣֱк˿ʼɻˡ
ѧ㣬ʱ仹磬ȥϢϢһϷ˹㡣
ϷݻǱȽ϶ģҲҪüСʱ֮ˡ
Ҳۣ뿴㡣ƽҡҡͷعƣľҪɱҲҪԺˡ
֮ĹҲԽԽæµϾպĹŶѾƻһ֮ˡ
ԶʱҪ棬Ҳ÷ǳļѡ
ܹľ޴ͬһռʱҲôСʱˣôý⼸Сʱô˯ȥء
ðɡľҲûټȥˣΪ֪ƽͬ뷨Ƕϣ⼸Сʱ֮ڿԷӰ
Ϊ˲ƽԼ̫ʱ䣬ľϷʱǸ߶ȼеģϷҲûгκȵı֡
ȵľ޽еϷȫ֮ǹƵʱҪǰһСʱ
˵ûκ֮ľޱȲĳϢңԼƽٶжױ·
ľ޴ϢҳʱƽѾ˶Ѿˡ
ʦľʦڻеʱ䣬ȥԵ㶫ɣȥƵ
ΪѾǰʰõģѩֻҪȥͿˡ
Ҹѩһȥɣֱ֮ȥʦľʦ궫ֱ֮ӹͺˡ
ФҲʲôûɫˣȻҲ˵ĵݣ˸ѩһ뿪
˵飬ľ޺ƽȻûκεȻԷѾǴʱˣôܻ᲻ϧء


44 
ΪƽỹҪȥϷɻ, ҲûȥرԶĵطڸ˸С͹ݣ˵㶫
궫֮, ҲûмŴȥ, ǣ·ɢɢ׼ʳ
ǵҹǱȽ, ·Ҳû̫ˣľ޽ƽװԼĴ¿ڴ
˾ر㣬ڵ, ȥһͨһ㣬õԼᱻϳ, Թǣڴϡ
ľޣ뿪֮, ҪúչԼ, ʱԷúϢ, ҪԼ嵱¡
ľ, ƽҲѾФǱߴĲˡ
ФĽ֮ƽҲֻʣˣȥ꣬ûľ޵ߣûиһЩʹࡣ
ϣԾԼŬȥҸ, ϣľ޿Բǰȥƴˡ
һúչԼ, ѧ㲻õġľɿƽ, ǰһ, ƽǰ
һúóԷúϢ, ҲǰˣԣѧҲҪúչԼʲôҪǵøҴ绰
ܷʲô飬ҶϣԼǵһ֪ġ
Ȼƽľ޵Դٴμʱһ㿴һӽҡ
ľ򴽣˫ֱƽ˵ѧ㣬᲻㣬˵ѧ㣬ɲԲҪߡ
ҲѾСˣôˣѧ㣬ʱҲˣȥɡ
áƽӦţľ޵˫ȴʶĽ˽ľ޵ķƽŲɿ˻ˡ
ȵ˴򳵸ϵʱ򣬾ǻʱҲֻʮӡ
ˡƽɿǣľ޵֡
ط˸˵һһֱǣŵֻûˣľ޽˫ֱƺҪסȥǣƽĳ嶯
ȥԺԹ˯ҪҵϢҴӦ㣬ϰ˵ʱ绰
˷ɻ֮ҲҪһˣɲľһֱš
ľޱ˵Щʲôģƽ΢΢˫üʱرɵĵͷͬˣһȥ֮ͻԹ˯ģѧ㲻õġ
ȻƽѾ˵ˣϰ˵ʱ绰ǾζŽϣһֱţҲǾԵȲƽϢġ
ԡƽľ죬Ķͷˡ
ѧ㣬һġľǰ׷˼
ƽûлͷֳ˻ӣһͷԼӵĲᡣ
ľ޵һɤûŵˣФ겻֪ȷʵЩŵˣϵĻûжˣľ޵һɤҲû̫Ĺע
ڰ죬ָʲôɧأФһңϵĻûжˡ
ľʦǻȥɡһֱȵ˷ɻ֮Фſڡ
Ȼû̸Ҳ֪ڵ£ȻҪڱ˴˵ߵģľ޺ƽĹʣעǲͨһ㡣
ȥɡľЩĿһգתͷ뿪
ƽľ˵˷ɻʱҲѾ賿ˣպ졣
ˡպ콫е̲ݸƽѩʱеڻȥú˯һԼϰ˵㿪ʼ㡣
˵㣿ƽü
ôˣպ첻⡣
ûʲôƽҲûҪ͵Ĵ㡣
պ쳯ѩһۣѩ̧ڶϱ˸绰ƣպ붮ˡ
ȥ֮һȡʮӵʱ䡣ľ޺ƽողȷϵڿ˵ڡ
ֱӽ˼Сڸֿˣ˵Ȳѵİɣպ컹ǾЩͦⲻȥġ
ƽ߶ѾôˣȻҲʱȥľޡ
ѩղŵİʾҲ˵ˣӦԼϰ˵ͨ绰ģպãƽȥŵġ
лл㡣ԭ΢üͷƽ˲չ˫üǶֳһĨǳǳЦ⡣
պЩգգ۾ʶƽڣǵһοԷ¶ô͵ı飬飬Ȼ档
ߵʮ֣ľ޽ֻһԣӣͷϣĬĬ
ûһһִֻӱ˳õ˱һԵֻһ룬ֱӱƿľ޴Ӵ
ٴοһԼֻʾߵʮ֣ľЩԼֻǲǳʲôëˣȻĻôߵʮ֡
Ь´˷ϵֱһۣʾʱװ׵ĸֻûгκε⡣
ľ޴ûо⼸ӵʱȻôѰʱͺǻصǰζûа취ƽϵϵǸʱ
ƽĻӻڰ˵ʱ׼ʱѣǽ죬ߵʱѾѹˡ
֮һƵģڴϷȥô˯ˣò͵ڣȴ֣⼸ԣ·һѰ
ֻϵʱڱĵ˵ʱľ޵۾һĽһ̶ɢĸɸɾġ
һϾҪõ޴ϲСһ㣬һڴĿԼֻ
ǣֻϵʱĵ˵һֵʱȻûеȵһֱڵǸ绰
һʱ䲻׼ľοԼĶű߬еֻ
ǵֻϵʱ䵽˵ֵʱֻȻûκε绰ľ޽߬еֻ
ҧ´ԥ˺ܳܳʱ䣬ջǲͨƽĵ绰
ǣֻǱߴնֱģĵ绰ѹػʾʱľ޾ԼĶڲһ˲䣬Ļˡ
ǰһĻɽһԺлطţʼնˡ
ͨƽĵ绰ʾʱжôı
Ժľ޾ͷǳʾ˵Ƕħĵ
ֻڷͻأľһ߬еֻ˵ϡ
һ£ֻ̽æҵĽͨ˵绰
ľޡ
ѧ㡣ľ޾Լһ̱ˣǽ˵ϣҧֱԼһ
ľޣƽصһ£ľ޵Щ̫Ծôˣﲻ𣿡
ƽЩǺ޲ԼԱһ˫˲ɵľ޵ߣ׷ʲôˡ
û¡ľ˿˳ȥ
ˡƽõĲʾǿ϶䡣
ľ޳Ĭˣʵ̫˽˴ˣѧ㡣
ңΪʲôƽսֻҲһһۡ
ѧ㡣ľ޳ˣ֪ôȥԼĴͲ
ֻ˼Ӹ绰ѣȴúһܡ
ľޡ
ԲֻЩľקסԼͷҸղдѧĵ绰ûдͨҡҡ
ƽסˣľ޵Ļشû뵽ģҲľ޵ⷬشƽʶˣˣ
꣬Ҳľ޵£ж˺ľеϵʽҲжľҵԼĿԡ
֮ǰһֱõǸֻҲûбӵǱ
֪ľ޴ٴε绰ٴΣĵ绰ѹػʾ
Ӧģѹˣ˵ˣԼ
Բұ֤ԺԲٷˣûسŵûڰ˵׼ʱ绰
صƵֻ֮ûеˣǸʱʵ̫ˡ
Ҳûע⣬ڸֻʱûвãʱֻǴڹػ״̬
ּ֮Ҫֳܹ֮ľ޴绰
Ҳպȡʱ䣬ֻľԼʱ˼ӡ
̫ˣѧ㲻÷ϵġƽľеĲҲһһɢˡ
ڸǰѾһˣƽѾĸףѾˣǰһˡ
йԹϢ𣿡ƽûһֱץⲻţҲ¾ģӽ쿪ʼ
ܷʲô飬ԲԼֻڹػ״̬ҲԲľҲԼʱ
Ȼкú˯ˣҿǺġĵ׵Ĳϲ˵ľ޵Ҳû֮ǰĽŸˡ
ľɤƽ;ԼһͿ˵ʱɤҲ֮Ĵ˷ݳ磬֪ˡ
ѧ㣬ҪʰȥˡľԼԼƽǱߺк
Ҳ֪ƽܹ绰ӦҲǼʱ䣬Ȼ᲻ùҵ绰Ҳ뵢ƽĹ
ƽһ۳Լֵպ죬ЩսֻԹϷúóԷúϢǵøҴ绰ʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
ڿʼҵֻʮСʱʲôʱ㶼ҡ
˵֮ƽЩģٴνԼĻظһ顣
֪ѧ㣬һúùģҲúչԼģѧҲҪúչԼǡ
ǼʱҿҪģѧûкúչԼĻҿǻͷġľ޵Źζ
áƽ
ľޣѧ㣬Ҫҵ绰˰
ƽš
ľޣĹ˰
ƽҰɡ
ľޣѧ㡭
ľޣˡƽ˵仰̹֮Ҷ˵绰ΪպѾǵںˡ
ֻǱߴཱུʾľһ£ǽƻ뵽ƽղ˵Ǿ仰ľϵ鶼
ѧ㣬Ҳ˰


45 
ƽҪĵ, һϷĹԣǰĻĴǾǲܻ䵽ͷϵġ
, ΪҲǹ˾, һЩԺ͹Լ, Ҳĸˡ
ƽԼֻݸѩԼļƬ
ʦģһĵġѩȻ, ƽƬĿʲô
ľд绰ǵüʱҡ뵽Ϸ, ƽѩһ
õʦѩͷӦˡ
ʦʺֵǾ˰ͼֱΪʦİ
֮ǰƬʱ;Ư, ڼ˲֪, ҪƬƯˡ
ϵʣҼֱ̫˰
ҵѽ, ʼֱAһ, ˣһѣҾԼе
ƽһεһƮƮͣھװôһƣʶǱȽƫġ
ƽ룬ҲΪһ, , ֮Ի䵽ͷϵҪԭɡ
һҪĵ, ľǰ轣һ, ƽ˵ѡ
Ͼھʱ, ݵǸɫҲкܶ򶷵ĳġ
һ£ֽ賤֮ʱ°ڶˮ͵ѱֵ쾡¡
ټƽһʣĻɾ͸Ʋˡ
ˣǾˡ֮ʦ̲ס
ԭڵģƽûа취ĳҪǸЧϷҪ̲ס޲ˡ
ʵҪƽʱʵЩĵġ
ϾƽֻһˣԼҲûʲôȻʱϹѣⲢܴʲô
һ˳ΪǵĴˣʵҲЩðյġ
֮ԻİҲǿƽϵʱȽϷǵҪû뵽һЧֱ󰡡
̫˰ɣôôɵ˰
֪Ĺ棬ĻΪǴˡ
ΧԱۣѩǳͬĵ˵ͷ
ƽķǳʺϴɫĹװ˵װὫϵʳеĸԣȴһֲýӽĸо
ѩҲ֪ôȥĸо֮ƽ˵ĸоº͵ģǱҸ߲ʵġ
Ϊһʮֵ˳Ӱʦȴڶ
ڶҪƽսĻ棬Ϊ֮ǰӰʦѾ֪ƽд򶷵ľģԲûиָٳӡ
ΪҪһЩ򶷵ĳټǸϷƬȻٲһЩеĶԵȻҲٲˡ
Ȼĳƽ˵ûκսԵģһʱ
ƽһ£ڿ˸һֱ󣬴ӿлµʱ򣬸һ̤ƶˣ·硣
ĺ𣿡мϢʱƽߵѩʵ
ĺˡѩ񣬽еֻݸƽ
ƽѩƬУ˼÷ǳƬľ޷˹ȥ
֮Ҳûгκε⣬֮ܶһ˶÷ǳһ㡣
֮󣬸պ콻ӵϷ˾ֱƽ
С㣬ĺҵѡ㣬ˡ
˵ǻ˾ϰԣ˾ȻرϷ˾ѡĴˡ
ҲԲƽûʲôˣһѡƽһСˣ˵ǳ˵ϵġ
ƽպĿе֪ҪΪϷ˾Ĵ˵ʱ򣬻Ƿǳȵġ
Ȼɽľ磬ϹôѣҲֻ֪ôһ˴ڰˣҪ˵죬ǾԲڵġ
ƽƽָԷһ¡
С㣬һεҷǳ⣬ϣһλлܹС
Ϊǹ˾ĹģرĴ󣬵ƽ˵ʱҲǻῼģϾҲҪһ֡
һƽǵĴˣʵҲǶŷǳѹġ
Ͼƽû̫ķ˿Ⱥ壬ԣİҪƽΪ˵ʱ
˾ߵЩԪ϶ǶзԵģǣƽıֲûʧ
һΣҲǿЩԪǰüһˣұ֤εĹųȥԺһǴ벻Чġ
ԺлǽҵҡƽһĨǳǳЦ⣬˵Ϣº˲١
˵ҵ뵽һȭԼĴһ£иҲҴˡ
Ҳ̸˼òǺܺʣǰ컹˵ϣҰһ£ҾʾͦҪġ
ھ͸ϵһ¡˵žʹӿڴͳֻ
ߵһȥ绰ԣպƽЩǻû뵽λϷ˾ĴлôС
˵Ǹԣպ컹ǷǳڴģϾƽڵĿλһεĴԿ˵õˡ
ʶģ϶ҲǸ۲ˣԣ϶Ҳֵڴһµġ
ûһԾ͹Ҷ˵绰С㣬ҸղŰƬȥһ£ĳӡǷǳġ
֪ûʲôİţҵλһ档
֮һҪ¼ܵҪһҵʱ䡣
պóֻһƽг̱Ϊڹ˾ƽҲǱȽӵģԶĸְҲǱȽϽܵġ
ɣҸ绰ˣǿԳʱһ档Կպ
ȻԡպЦӦ
ˣ֪ľӰǱܲڳһʱҵλһĸ˫˹档
պϵʽ֮̽Եһ䡣
⣬һľӰľЭһµģʱ𸴵ġպľ޲ˣҲľ޵
ľڵۣƽڽӵĴԣǲʺϵģȻˣĻûбҪ˵ˡ
ӦõġЦŵڸպҲˣ֪ʱǷԣ
ʵڲ˼ܣǽиҪϡһʱ䣬պ˶Է롣
޷պܣԱʾ⡣
ܣ֪Ƿ񷽱͸¶һ£Ǳʲôģպԥһ£˳
ΪԷᵽľޣҪ֪ԿеλѾʲôģȥ˵
ԣôˡԼĶͷҵλװģξĲҵ
꣡պ쾪ҲܹķӦ
Ҫ֪βڹźڹҲСģһ߶ŮװӳԺģΡ
ο˵ǰŮװֻͣ벻ģûģֻǡ
պ쿴һߵƽƽ˵ĵһӡ˵ΰͦȫġ
ЩҵĴˣҪôഺģҪôǳصģ٣ûƽ͵İ
ǸѰɣƽϲϹڣһҪ׼һǰûгԹķ񡣡
պĵǣԽһ£ȻˣҲֻǸǣߣţԣǵܲܳɹ£ҪȡԼġ
Ȼô˵Ƿǳлܵ´лᣬһҪúдܲǡ
ԲԷҪҪǿ׻Ҫ˵λˡ
Ҿ͵ˡԸպ֣ҲͲʱˣ´лġ
ټ
Դк֮պƽ뿪ˣֱķʱպ춼ԼƮġ
˭ܹ뵽أ֮󣬾Ȼõһ߶˵ĴԻᡣ
ȻᲢûʽõ֣лȥȡѾ˦˺ܶ˼˰
飬ǰպ붼İԼܹõ֣ƽ㼷һߣҲܹ˰


46 
ʦȳԵ㶫, ȻϢһ°ɡѩոõʳݸƽһݣȻһݸպ졣
ллƽһֻŽӹѩݹĶ
ȻҲ֪, ľҲûлϢ, ϶Ϊʱæ, ȻǻһĽƸС
궼ˣȷ˹ϵ֮, ȴԽԽ벻Էĸоˡ
ƽȸ˵һ, ҪμӵգһֱĽĿ, һ, ǱΪαġ
ˣҲ, һεļαѩ, ڽĿϵʱ΢עһ㣬Ҫʲôͻ
ҲҪ۸ˣŮ˸һģڽĿϻʹʲôСӣ㵽ʱСһ㡣
˵ʱպЩ, ƽڽյʱ
ûյѩμӵϢ, ˭̸֪֮ͬ, ֪ѩҲμӵϢ
ΪʱͬѾǩ, Ҫ˳ȻҲˣֻܶζƽ, ڽĿϵʱŵѩ㡣
ģΪѩɫˣѩ϶Ǻ֮ǵġ
֮ǰϵЩ粨˵ûѩֱʣȻҲǲܵģڼȻҪˡ
ҲӳȻѩıҲǹ¼ҹ˰Ҳб˰
뵽ʱƽҲһĨᡣ
ƽӣպ֪϶뵽ĳˣӺλù̺ӵݸƽ
˯һɣȵ˵طٺ㡣ѩ㼴ʹôҪգֱľͷ£϶ҲҪġ
Ҫƽڿȥ鲻պҲϣѩӶƻĺ顣
áƽ˸Ƿӹ̺ӸǺã۾˯磬ȷʵЩˣûһ˯ˡ
պڿƽ˯֮󣬱㽫ֻùó˾ֶ֮һ˾ĳľƽһ㣬Ҫƽˡ
ƽһµĹǷǳģ֮ǰе㵣ƽܲˣϾ֮ǰʱǿɴûйôǿȵĹ
ڣҲץסһܹץסĻƽϢɲϣƽںԺ󣬽ϿˣǿɾЩòʧˡ
ʱľޣոԼϷݣȲóֻڿƽϢ֮Ǳ㲻ܿƵ
ƽǼƬʱ۾˲ˣǰƮƮŮӣľ޵з·ҫ
ѧȻƯÿ˧ˣľĶһƬˮĳ嶯ˡ
˲ԼǲڵĿˮľָɿڼϴ֡
ѧСɰѧ˧ˮ
˵ÿһھ鿴ƽһվʱľ޶ѹסԼĴ
ǹϢʵ̫ˣľް˰Լ࣬ЩĳΧһۡ
ϵЦһգˮˡľ޵Ա
ľתͷһۣƽλãλ˱ˣľһʱỹЩ̫ϰߡ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ˮô˵ģľ޻ֲ˲Լǡ
ͣľ޵ٶʵǿûסЦ˳ģ¶ò£϶Ǹƽйصİɡ
ǡľԥһ£ǽԼֻǱߵ˵ݣֻƬ
ڿƬһ˲䣬һĨޣȻھʱѾϰƽ⸱װˡ
Ȼ俴һƵװʱ̲ס޵ˣÿһοʦװʱ򣬾Լһֿ˵Ļ㱸С
ľգգ۾ضֻϵƬ֮͵ҡҡͷ
֮ⷬ󣬵ٴοЩƬʱһֲ̫ʵĸо
ԺеĻ棬˲صƵʱƽվڴϵǸ˲䣬ľüɫҲЩ̫ˡ
û°ɡľ޵ǰ˻Σû˵ʲô˵Ļɣľ޵ɫôͻȻͱôѿ
û¡ľ޺ܿʶ˲ףԼ֮󣬿һۻûκϢֻ΢΢Щʧ
ûоľӰʦҲرİ䰡ɲŮòȥҲͦ۵ġ
ǰ㿴ûУղʦľӰǸҲ̫˰ɡ
ãһǾľӰʦġĪԿڲcpʱסˡ
ղ˵ĹԱĪһۣҲû˵ʲôˣҲ֪Īľ޺ƽCPۡ
һCP˵Ƿ۵CP˸ˣǿ϶Ҳ޷ܺͷǳŭģҲܹĪԵġ
һٿľ޺CPʱ򣬻ܿĪԵģԲٵ˵Ļˡ
ʱ䣬ҵƵûͦġ°ͿǱߵĹԱƵϷɱʱ˾ͻcpˡ
ľ޳˳ǣıЩ֣ƺǿлŵǡ
飬֮ǰòûжʦ˵ɣ͵ֱ壬ЩĿľޡ
ľЩεӣԼģ֮ǰȷʵûиƽ
Ϊһʼʱֻϣھʱ԰ǵһ£ѹûȻ˿cp
֮ûиƽ˵飬һǾûҪһҲǺƽͬ飬ҲǱն뷨ġ
ڣ˿CPʱľ޵ͱЩˡ
ľӰҾûǸʦͨҿɲϣһ׵ıʦһ˰
˵ڿЦֺγľޣȷʵЩǷˡ
Ҳϣƽ뷨ƽͲԸ˵ĵҲпܵİ
ףллľ޵㿪ֻһۣƽûлϢҲ֪ڵԼǸɿأǸþʧء
ڴʱƽһ˯ĿɾЩˣ۾ʱ򣬷ֱķֻһˡ
ֻһۣŷֻó˾ģʽ붼룬϶պΪ˯þõġ
һʱ䣬ƽ㿪΢ţľ޵Ļظʱƽ̲סЦھͺѾǸСһһ˫۾εĿǸˡ
Լ΢΢̵Ķ䣬ƽЦеһ֡
ѧõСɰǵĿˮһ
ǳľ޸ĵģǾܾģջûпסľ޵ƣʹ˰ˡ
ʹȥôʱˣÿοǳƵʱƽٶôһĲ˼
ˡպ쿴ʱˣ׼ƽģ˭֪һ򿪳ţͿƽϹɬЦ
ĿԣƽϵıˣҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ飬һԼʲô±ץĸо
ȣպ콫ַڴ߿һ£ʱҲˣʰһ¸óˡ
պ˵֮ͽŸˣȻƽڵȤ
ƽһҲǷǳģҲܹоƽľȣջǷ˴ȤԷᡣ


47 
ƽӱķʱ, ѾָˣЦؿԼպʱһ˿Ȼ
Ŀһ, , һȥ𣿡
պЦеĿƽ, ʱȲȥˣ߻еҪȴ֮ȥǻϡ
ڵƽ, պ컹Ǿͦοģƽʶôʱ, ǵһξƽˡ
ǰʱƽĸоһ, ܸһֲĸо, ڲһˡ
ڵƽͺǻһ㣬ǰ, Ϊ, ƽת䣬պȻҲǷǳ˵ġ
áƽ˵ͷǾˡ
ƵѾǶˣǱ֮úϢʲô͸Ҵ绰
պ콫͵ڣĵٴζ̵Ǹѩ, ܹͻ, òҪͻ
֪, İɡƽ˱պ졣
һεջȽ, Ųס˾ǰңҪӲšƽҪȥ¼Ƶһսֱա
ҲǹڱȽϻһսĿ, ֺõĻһûʲôģ¼Ƚϼһ㡣
ƽҪľعȣʵһʼʱպҲһֱԥҪҪա
Ͼһգƽ˵Ƿǳģǵƽûа취Ӧġ
һʼʱ򣬹˾ǱǱųפαȥġ
պ쿼ǵƽ⣬˾Э֮󣬾ͱαˡ
ΪαҪȫ¼ƣƽ;ûа취Ļǿ˳ġ
İպ㣬ʲôĻһ绰ġƽպļ򣬡ˡ
šպ쿴ѩһۣúչƽ
һպ㡣ѩӦ
˹˰պ뿪һʼʱ׼ƽһȥġ
ΪԽ˵ǸԵ飬ʱ߲ˡ
ƽһĵٳǣɻĻҲһСʱʱ䣬ȵǵպ춨õľƵʱҲϰ˵ࡣ
Ƶ֮źãƽѩ˵㶫Իطˡ
ص䣬׼ȥϴƽ㿴ľ޷Ϣ
ѧСɰˮɾˣѧǲǸýһ¡
ѧõСɰҪʲôһ𣿡
ѧСɰٺ٣ͼ棬ѧɲҪǰ
ƽҡҡͷǵĻȴԽԽߡ
ѧõСɰھ黹ھƵꣿ
ѧСɰϾ͵ƵˣչȽ磬˸ʡ˵Ҹͷ֧Ʊ
ؾƵ˰ƽֻƽ巭˳ľ޷˸Ƶ롣
շȥû룬Ƶ̱ͨˣѧ㡣ľ޵ĻС
ľ޵һ˲䣬ƽĺˣŶԷϤüۣʵЦݣƽԼһͿľޡ
ѧ㣬ˡľĻƺͨĻƽŷֿѣķ衣
ҲˡƽֻõԶһ㡣
ѧһ°䣬ƵҲˣƽûлأľ޵Ƶʹˡ
ѧ㣬ǲǺһˡľޱƽϣ°Ϳƽ
ˡƽڴϣľ˫۾;ر졣
ѧ㣬ЩʲôŰ
ҪһգӦ˵ս
ľ˲ʹӴϱպôôաľЩˡ
ս˵Ҳǰʱ򻹾رȤЩαĲʱҲǾͦġ
˻ƽĻľ޿ɾͲȤˣǻˡ
ĿȻعȷʵͦߵģҲǳذ
ƽʣľ޻溦һҪѹ˰ѧ㣬ĿƲ𣿡
ǹ˾ǱߵİţպѾҼȡα㲻õģʵڳŲȥĻǿǰ˳ġ
ƽȻҲ֪ľڵʲôԼ϶ġ
֪ԼҪμյʱƽҲһǰڵգսĿҲһŵ˽ˡ
ѧ㡣ľ޻Щ̫ġ
ģģҲǿġƽҲ֪ľǷĲԣҲֻܾܵҪôġ
ˣ˵ˣھûзʲôȤ飿
ľǷüӣƽҲֻתƻˡ
飿ľһ£Ҳ֪뵽ʲôˣϵıҲЩ΢ѧ㣬ʵм飬֮ǰһֱûи㡣
ʲô飿ƽüҲ֪ǲĴܸоڵľޣһرĸо
ľ޿ƽһۣӴƽŵԼϣ˫ֽһдЩĲ
Ҳڵģ˵ڵĻ᲻ƽ
ʲôˣľ޵ӣƽòϵı飬Ҳ
ǡǸھڿҸʦcpľ޿Լָûȥƽ
cp΢ͷҿԼŮƽ۾
ľ˿ڿˮĵ˵ͷԲѧ㣬֮ǰûи˽˾
һӹȥˣƽǱûκεӹȥˣƽǱȻûκε
ļ̌Ƥ͵͵ĿĻһۣ㿴ƽ°ЦЦĿ
ѧѧ㣬ҴˣĴˣ㣬ңҡе¡󼸸֣ľû˵
ʲôʱʦɹʶģƽ˵ĻϲŭıҲʲô
ľ޿ԼָСĵʦ˵cp۵졣
찡ƽٴĻȵľ޿ԼʱЦЦ
ѧ㣬ҴˣҸ㱣֤ԺԲٷˣӽ󣬲Ҫʲô飬һǰѧģԲˡƽЦľЩľսġ
ȻԼ˵ˣԼ˵˵ӦôͷأľǵƵ飬ƽʵû
Ϊⲿǣ˿ŮǵcpⱾһǳ顣
˵ˣľû㣬ÿCPҲסģһʼʱľ޵cpһ
ڣľ޴ɵĹʶҲǰתһעô˵cpΪѵΪ
ľҲܻȥ᳴cpԣȻҲûʲôġ
Ψһģľھɹʶʱûикɡ
ͷľһ£֮˫۷ĿƽѧҪôͷҶԣұ֤ҾԲκεֿġ
ƽıôһ˲ãȻ֮Ҳ֪ԼԲһЩʲôˣҪ˵˵
к˵˵˵ĿɶǷǳĻ˵ˣڿڻϴ
ƽľ޵ıҲЩѰζѧ뵽ʲôˣô˰
ȣƽַڴ߿һ£ʲô
ѧո˰ľ޲ûдŹƽҲܺѧոЩʲô
ƽڷ߿һȦ˷ϵңϣ֮Ի죬Ƿ̫ˡ
·Ϊ֤ʵԼ˵Ļƽùң˷Ŀյ
𣿡ľβ
ȻˣΪ˭һЩеûĵĶƽľһۡ
ľһ޹ĿƽҿûʲôеûĵĶֻ˵ҿѧ㴦ãԲᷴѰѵѧԼԲһЩеûĵĶ
˵ʵѧҪҶûġ˵ͦڴġ
ȷʵԺúڴһˡСǱ˭ҪҪ˾ˡ


48 
ľޱǵſƽ, ǵȵƽⷬһڣڿƽֱ׵ߵʱľԼûбס, ˢľͺˡ
˵ǸĻ, ľȻԼ, ¶΢΢һ㡣
һʼʱҲûԲʲôӦԲĶƽĻһ, ľ޾ЩƲסԼӡ
ȻԼҲԲЩͲܷ, ƽҲͲ֪Щʲô
ɿƽЦЦľ޾̲סӿ
, ԥһ, Ϊ˻Լʱľȣͷյң˿յ, յ¶ȵ16϶֮, ΢оôһ㡣
ڸʲôƽüΪڲ棬Ҳľ޸ղŶЩʲô
ûʲôղȥ˿ˮľǼ˵ԼղŸʲôȥˣԼûô˲ŷ
ƽ˺һ, һһٵĵȥѿյ¶ȵһ¡
ľһ, Щû, ƽô֪ղſ˿յ, ĺεİ
ղŷˡƽЩΣҲЩ, ڵԺҲǱȽϵ͵ġ
ղľ޵ļʶĶ˶뵽ľ޸ղŵΪҲͲѲ³ղȥʲôˡ
һҲǵģͲ´յðһ̲ߣ˵İ
ľӣʵʵĽյص֮󻹾ƽƽһ£ȷʵǽյصˡ
ԡƽ磬ľҲġ
ѧղŲҲյ𣿡
Ѿ¶ˡƽҲѧľ޸ղŵӣ˿ԼߵĿյ
ҲˣѧҪעⱣůҪԼˡƽʽľһֱڵĵ顣
ټϽƽɾҪȥ¼ǺпܳҲԲ˯Ҳ˯ãҪķѺܶսĿһ뵽⣬ľ޾͵Ĳѡ
ͲҪôˣֲСˣҶôչԼԼҲעһ㣬Ҫˡ
ľôԼƽھůůͬʱҲЩЦá
Ȼȷʵǲôһ㣬Ҳ˵·Ҫһƾͻᵹ˰
ѧ㲻õģҵʿǷǳõģ㴵յҲǲðġľԼؿڣƽҲǺעġ
ʹ⼸ĸǿȹ£ҲǺġ
ľ˵ʺõһ㣬ƽǱȽͬģ뵽Լľ֮ҲӦý御гˡ
ľ˵ԼյҲðʱƽǺݺݵĵһۡ
ľЩӣ󣬸Լ֤£ǽ¶ȥ
ѧ㣬컹Ҫ¼Ŀ컹Ϣɡһʱ䣬ľЩսƽ塣
ƽ˵û仰ôѾʮһأʱô͹ôء
ãȥϴ裬ƵһƽϽǵʱ䣬ƽҲ֪ȷʵѾǸ˯ʱˣϾľ޻ɶҪء
áľ޳Ļ˻֣ѧ㣬ȥϴһ
ľ޵ӰĻʧ֮ƽҲеƽ壬˯½ϴԡҡ
ҲΪ˶ڵŸϽϴԷͬʱƽʱŷ֣ϴʱǲġ
ѧ㡣ĻǱųƽľ޵߾Щܿƣÿĵط
ľ޵ߣƽֽһҲˣͷ𣿡
ˡľԼͷ
ƽȥѵƹˣ˯ˡ
ѧ㣬ôľЩίҲˣƽˡ
У̫ίˣֻǿѣҲʲô
ôˡƽüľ޴·ƽûס²۵
˵֮ǰҽ㻹ȿԼɡ֮ǰסһʱҲûмľްԼôʵ
ڣ˵ϬأǸ˵˵Ե粨͸պöأ
ѡ˯ǳҴӵģľ޾Ȼѡһ͵ġ
ľ޹ؾصĽŦۿ۵һţƽﻹеСʧġ
ľ޵ͷԼһۣЦĵѧҰԼڵ̫ʵ𣿡˵ͬʱֽ⿪ǿſӡ
ǰƽֳ°ͣʾľ޼
ƽϾı飬ľڽ⿪ڶſӵʱˡ
ڿʼʱռϷǸôĻأľ벻ףѲΪƤ
ȣѧ㣬˯ˡ˵ľӰ´ȥ˵ƣȻԼ˱
ãƽڴϣ˴ͷСҹƣƽںڰУһһȾ糺졣
ľ޸ղٴһ㣬סǸ˶ܻľޣֻǡ
뵽ղŵǸƽǾЩźģûпԼҪĶܲź
ѧ

ƽľޣΪԼ˯ţû뵽ǣű˴˵ĺ˺ܿͽ硣
һҹߣϰ˵ʱһǰһ˫ۣ˾Ͳϲ˯ͣڵҲǷǳ׼ʱġ
Ϻãѧ㡣
Ϻáƽ˴ĻڸľסһǶʱ䣬Ѿϰÿ˫۵ʱܹľޡ
뿪⼸죬ÿ۾߿һ˵ʱƽյġ
ѧ㣬ȥǱ֮ԼʵǳŲȥˣһҪߺ㣬ҪӲš
ƽ壬ľһĿƽɲϣƽȥ¼գԼˡ
֪ˡƽϴЩΡ
ѧ㣬ҡ
Ҹ㱣֤ҾԲǿƽȻҲ֪˵Щʲôûа취ľȫġ
Ҳǲϲľ޵Ķ̣Ȼ˵ʲôûа취ľ޷ĵĻתһľ޵עȽϺá
ţľգգ۾е£ղǻôƽˣѧ㣬ղźʲô
ԭЩߵƽľ⸱ģʱֻʣ³ˣô㲻ϲô𣿡
ϲϲľ޽ƽ屧ڻڴϹ˺üȦôܻ᲻ϲ
ǺŵƽĻڿѾ̲סгˡ
ܹƽľһεĸо
ΪƽһȽˣ߻˵Ҳ˵ôȥԼС
ܹĿ˵ǺܴĽˡ
ϲͺáľôģƽҲúܿġ
ѧ㣬ɲٺһΡľڴϣƽٵǰڴĿƽ
ƽ˴Ļľ仰ʱּ飬ʶ۽ǣΪʲôǰûзأ
ʲôľɻ
ƽЦЦĵôϲҰ
ǰǰΪʲôûзأľ޿񣬸˵ʱȫһİ
˫۾ڿԼʱ򣬻˲䲼ǳ·ԼǶôҫ۵Ĵһ㣬ͺֻҪԼͿ硣
ľһ£ҲڷҲǰڣƽϲֻ
ѧ㣬ҡľɵ㶵ĿͻȻƽ壬Щز֮ŷӦƽûеˡ
Ѿڵƽ壬ľ鸴ӣôôӣ˵Ļ˵갡
ѧõСɰҲ㡣
ֻ죬ľһ۱Цüۣ˿ʱľޣֻЦЩɵġ
ѧõСɰúչԼҵ绰
ľ޻ûüϢ㿴ƽϢѾ˹
ѧСɰһģһѧ㿴һң㣬ôôա
Ǹôôյıƽԥһ£Ҳһ֮ŷֻȥϴԡҡ
ϣһļαǸеġ˵Ǹһͷ̷˧ȥʮ˾ꡣ
ʱüͷݣһ㶼ûഺеĻͳ
ҿԱߵҡҡͷҲͬĳ棬ĿôܻǺùأ
˵֮ӻص̾˿ôô벻ҪμĿأ˵ȷʵǻ˲ٵͷ˿
оԼİûˣΪǩĺԼҪ¼ڵģڲ¼һڶѣ;ԼҪȥˡ
ô˾˵ĹӦǩ˳פαĺԼأ
ڸҪ˳Ѿǲܵ飬Ͼ۵ΥԼ⳥𰡡
һڲ¼ƽĿļαʣˣӳĽҲֻʣ¾ˡ
ȻĿȷʵعȺܸߣˣЩΪʲôԸǩפαĺԼˣ˵ʲôѾ˰
ӵĻ֮üͷĸˣȻҲ뷴ӵĻԼҲ
ĿеĶŮɻ۵ԭԣǾԲܻмαġ
ϣĿԶмαϣ϶Ҫˡ
ϣһļα΢Ļдڴ;ֻҪקţֻҪԼú·Ϳˡ
˵ʱϵʹ߸ҪĲߣֻϣܹһԼú·û߼ͺ۵Ůα
һڵ¼ƣ̵ᵽʲô
ӷɣѡĿĳ֮ԻĿ
Ϊ˾Ǳ߾ѡعȻǺܸߣսĿ¶¶Լӵعȡ
֮Ϊ죬ЩҲϲˣǡսĿһ
һֻҪȥȡͻлᣬٺСǣֻҪȥȡбѡϵĿܡ
ΪսΨһһǿλֱĿ
˵Ͳòһ⵵յܵˣݣȿ˵ǸţҲ˵Ǹͷࡣ
ȻˣͷಢָǸʮСӣΪʱ򣬴ῼǺ
⵵ճֵʱû˿ã˵ʱȴеҪڴǰ¶ˣ˵ǲ˵һڵ¼ơ
Ϊʱ⵵մȥͷֱһʼʱ˵ߡ
Ϊֱ˵ΪǱ¶ʹڵеġ
õľǴڵԺʣһڽĿʱ⵵վͳȦˡ
¼ƵλαҲΪ⵵Сһѡ
عȣʣҪμ⵵ĿȻҲ͸ˣȻҲһЩ
ʱ򣬾Ͳգˣλݲ⿧λһͬʵҲõ˲ѵ֧֡
ϾҲеϲż񣬶ӵжȱԴĵˡ
ĿҲͳΪЩûжعᣬȴҪȦȥЩˣܹĻˡ
˵ͨĿȷʵٴηĿԣǽĿı̬ԼѵҲǺֹܶҪԭ
ʱλüͷüչӣ亦
ʵղûʲôפαΪܶαֻǲһڵ¼ƣͲڶˣҪΪĿĳפαҪ¼ڲС
ҲųЩҪץסۣҪˣͱʱڷ޿һ
ΪӷѡĿڹ˾ûʲôȨġ
˾յʱҲûʹֱӸǩڵĺԼ
ԣӷжôеҪ˳Ѿǲܵˡ
һˣгڼǰ˵Ǻ˲ʶģΪһżߺġ
ǲһջ˴ķ˿һֱƶˡ
֮Ҳ֪ʱ˲ûô£֮㿪ʼ·ˣһ֮ԻμգҲҪƴһѡ
һ¼ƵߣҲֻǩڵģڣڽ־ĵȴżֵα
Ϊ⵵Ŀȥ沢ͷʵģԶ˵ȻҲϣĿԶһЩмα
ʵô˵Ҳ˵ǶŮαΪŮϾбмαȻŮαȲϵġ
ҪǣȦģ󲿷˴СûгԹʲôġ
ܶŮα֮ԻֵգҲֻǱۺعĿģԺܶʵҲľ߸ѡ
˴󲿷ֻҲͲ⣬ǲμ֮󵽵ǻᱬ컹Ǻں졣
ΪҪҲֻȶȶѣһˣֻȶȣܹõעЩõӡҲͨڵĹϴ׾Ϳˡ
ˡ죬˶λվ
Ҳ֪Ŀߵôƽʱģ֮˵ʱһģһģմӳƽӴѩߡ
΢΢Է˵ͷƽûҪԷ뽻Ĵ㣬ˣȻûнӴҲʶ
еĽŮĽأ˲ǰպһż磬첻ڵԣ˵Ǽ֮ߵġ
λȻǵһβ¼ĿӦҲ̤ԺӿʼζֱҲͿʼˡ
˵һȥʮҵӣһɫ˶һɫı߿۾
ȥ˹˹ĵģ˵ĸоҲǸѧоͣ˭ܹ뵽أ˾⵵սĿܵݹ֣ţħ֡
˵֮󣬼Ҳͬʱ˵ͷ˵ǵһβ⵵Ŀ¼ƣǶ⵵Ŀ϶ҲǿȻҲ̡֪
֣˵ЩڸǩԼ֮ǰѾ˵ˣһҪ˵һ£Ҫ˳ھͿ˳ˡ
һ̤ԺӣζںԼڼ䣬ֻҪǷʲô飬˳Ŀ¼ơ
ֻ䣬ٴε˵ͷЩǩͬʱҲѾ֪ˡ
ΪַеľǣȻѾǩ˺ԼֻҪûʲôΣգûȱ첲ȣͲںԼڼ˳¼ơ
ҲΪ֪ĹҲúܶǩԼʱ˺ܶѡ񣬾ƽ
պǩĺԼ죬Ȼ֮Ҫ¼һҲǿԵģҪ˳֮Ҳѡ˳
˵ˣָô㣬ζͲԼĿû˲롣
ڵ֮ȫѡ񷴻ڣ¼ˡ
ֺžܹҵԸ¼ƵˣϾҪ¶Ҫõع˲٣⣬ǹֵĵ
ˣȻǶѾþˣǾɡֺһ̧ʾ˿Խˡ
ۿʼ˿ʼˣÿһοնñܼ尾
ܼܲ尾𣿹ֵ⵵Ŀǰ֪ڣǾЩʲôˣҲֱֻʼһ˲䣬ڲŻ֪һβ¼Ƶ˶˭
ֱܵŸܼ˵ĺģıֻӣǰȴֱĿʼ
Ψһĵһǣǲ͸¶αҪǣֻǰֱ֪ʼӣȴ˵忪ʱ䡣
ԣڹ˵ҲͬħһĴڰ


49 
, ǸղпСܵܺʦıǶ޿һʶˡ
ֻ˵̫ˣϲ, ͷ, ҡ
˵, ҲܹСܵܺʦһ飬λαôܹԿ͵˰, ԣҲҪʵһǰ
ѩͲ˵, ĺ·ץ·˶ܹ˵١
Ƶסã, ЩѾǼҳ㷹, ˣһͲܳԿ˰
˵, յѶȺͼ, ѩǾԲܻμĽĿŶԣˡ
Ҳúܶ࿴Ĺھ÷ǳ⣬˵٩˵
ǲΪѩĺ̫ˣӪŶûʲôϿԱˣŻϽĿ׼Ӫṩزˡ
Ʋѩ㲻˵, غļͥͦ, ˵˶, ȻûرĴ
Ҳǽĺ, ԳԿĴʣҲǲôġ
Ҳֻʣһƽ, ƽ˵ˣҲʱŽҰģ˶˽󲿷ҲԴϵЩƵ
˵ЩϢ֮ҲܹóЩ棬ƽļͥȷʵ˵ˡ
࣬ܳԿ࣬ϸ첲ϸȵӣҲʲôܹػͰ
ӷɺڿ˵ʱǿǾ
һڵ¼ƣװһ¿Ķװˣ޿ģÿ˶ޱȵᡣ
˵ĸܹż죿
עעˣҶһǼ˿϶Ų졣
ҶҶǾԳŲ졣
ҶˣҾǿ϶졣
ڶôҶ֮п϶˳Ų죬Ӯˣǵȫˡ
Ҷһ죬ҾѩԳŲһ졣
ǲҪǼ㰡
ǰǼȻ¶μһεգôһ춼Ųȥ
Ҫ˵ŲȥǸ˿϶ǸƽǼĿΪ˶ԼģǸƽΪˢڸвģĿμӽĿģ϶Ҳ¶ѣˣעûʲôͷ֮յġ
˵ѩһ춼Ųȥʱѩķ˿Щ̫ˡ
Ϊĵ飬ҲǽĿһɫˡ
ԣҲûа취ȥκˣֻܽìͷתƽ˭ƽ֮ǰѩĽɫء
۹ǸǸұǲЦģʵ̲סˣ˵ԼģĿ˵ⱲЦЦˡ
Ҳ̲סˣǼʲôǲ֪Ҫ˵ˢģĸˡ
ڵƽѾ֮ǰǸˣǰûʲôҲûʲô˿
ڵڱĨʱҲԸΪͷķ˿
˵ƽѩɫ飬Ҳֵ÷зġ
ϾҲ˺ЩˣԿ˿ڴܣܶҲӡġ
֪ҲֻǿѲû˽ֻ˵һ䣬ƽСֵĺø߰
һˡ
ͬ

кܶ࿴ֵѡӵѣҲһЩҪ֮ı֣پҪҪӵѡ
䳡ϾҪˣһڵļαϲʵ
Ļһ֣˶ͬʱԼһ㣬ͣԼֵ˫֣۾Ŀֱ
ȻҲӦö֪ĿǲԴʳЯЩƿƿ޹޵ĻױƷ
Ⲣζžû˱Žҵڣ鷳ǰԼ򿪣ǵĹԱһ¡
Ȼ¼Ƶļα֪һսĿڲĿ¼֮ǰȻҲ֪ʲôôʲôô
˵˾ǱŽҵģԼĶ϶ᱻûա
δԼ䣬ƽʹ˼ϴ·Ķûд
ˣѩĿںͷ۵ףĤͻƷĴʹԱ˳
Ҳ𣿡ˣҰɲǿЦģŰſ϶Ҳǳе顣
СЦе³֡

ûĿﻯžµױġ
ǵǿ֮ǰĽĿӦױƷһɲġѩ죬ֶûи˵껰Ļᡣ
⻰һڣѩصɫˣ˵֮ǰǾѾ׼ˡ
ڣԼЩױƷȫѳʱ˻ǲܿƵıɫ
ħֲħְһ涼
μӽĿŮǣ͵͵Ĳص㶫ǻСħֵ鰡
ƽСֻǴ·ʲôûеĴôڽĿˣһǵһοʵļα
Ӧ˵֪֮ļαˡ
ȻŮαȥÿһ˵һ䣬ˬ
еڴǵˡ
ҾÿĿԲǺܴ󡣡
ôڽĿˣҲ֪ܶŮαһ뿪ˡ
֮ǰǻžµױݵģԺܶҲѡжױ֮ǰ뿪Ҳ˾ռˡ
Ͼܶ˶ǱرȷĿμ⵵յģ˵Ϊ׬ȡͷ˿Ҳû˻ϣԼձ¶ڹڵ֮¡
ˣһѾˣھǽеڶڰɣǵ·ͱҲѾڸԵķˣھλȥ·ɡ
ѳĶߣһλصÿ˵С
ӷɺͳȻǲкģ¥ıӰ˶һۣޱȳصĲҲ¥
ΪǵŮ·ǱȽ鷳ģԽĿҲԻĸ㹻ʱ䡣
Сʱ֮һξۼԺ
ҡҵ찡ҿԣĿԣڿʼҾƽСķ˿ˡ
ҵģϢ˧һѾֱӣһ붼ԥġ
˵ԲʵŮ˧ʵģ仰Ȼûдġ
֮УƷɺͳһģ֮⣬˿ȥһɾʮӡ
ô˵ͨĻģʵ鵽ģվģûˣʵҲǺеļġ
ոջΪ˶أҲһԾԾԵı顣
ڷЩһҰܹԺߴߵȫ
Ժ֮еһоͶҪԼ˫ȥȡˡżһԾԾԵģЦеĵ
ƽһѲڴҲذףʵڷĶرޡ
ԼЩ·֮⣬ֻƿˮͼѹɣԼԲʷһذףһָ룬һŵͼһλֻ
ЩǿԴԺߴߵȫˣҲζš
ڵһϢĵط֮ǰǱ·ϣ㹻ʳﲹ


50 
, ǵֻɡ
ԭһֱӦƽûκζƽ仰ʱ͵̧ͷ
˵Ĺ, ƽüͷĽ, , ֮ǰûüαϽֻ
֮ƽֻЩġ
Ͼƽ̤Ժӿʼ, һֱһһν̬ȣڼҪչ֮·, ûаڴҲûа־塣
֮ǰ־һֱ, ʲô, ܹȥʲôȤ˲
ΪҪƽƷ, ҲڿǸαõЩǰ
ôû뵽, ƽĻһֻ
֮ǰûüαϽֻǿǲܣ룬Ŀôֻܴأ
ԴһڽĿмαʹֻʱ, ֲʶ֮ǰһֱԵ顣
ĽĿ, رƫƧĵط, Ƽչ, һûźŵĵطһǳѵ顣
˵֮ǰôڽĿ, ǴûüαϽֻҲûзαֻ顣
ȻѾ¶ˣȻҲǲٿٴηϽֻǱġ
ƽսװڿڴֻɫЩѿֻ˵ľ֮ΨһԽĹˡ
ûֻûа취ϵǸˣĲ֪ľ޻ᵣĳʲôӡ
ƽͻȻЩˣԼΪʲôҪμһĿ
ΪʲôҪϽֻⲻƽҲǲԸϽֻˣΪһִˣֻѾǷǳձˡ
ֻʱ䲻ߣǻ˾رĲ԰ġ
ǰս⵵ĿѾ¼ôˣƫƫһڵʱҪϽֻô붼Щ̫ƽ
ѩҲ˳μӹֵĽĿ㲻ãΪܹǰ֪ϢǷǳ޵ġ
μĿ֮ǰ˭ûյҪϽֻϢ
ѩ֮Իμ⵵ĿҲΪ¶ˢعȶġ
ҪĿģʵΪ뿴ܲĿ߸ƽҵ飬ֻ˵ǱƷܹϵΨһߡ
½½˳ӷɺͳûп˵ΪǺϽֻԭ
ҲǷҲûκôģΪֻǱҪϽġ
ھ˳ĿȻǰ㹻ʽ۵ΥԼ
ȻϽֻԭ򣬵˲ֱ֪ǰĸλҲر
ΪϴεǼڼαϢ֮ģԲûֱͨųȥ
Ҳʼ׷ײ²⣬һεļαϽֻĿģǲҪαڿˡ
˵ħһδʲô⣿
Ȼ֪ħִʲô⣬϶ûĵġ
ô˵ͻȻеڴαϽֻ֮ˡ
ֻ˵һ䣬һڲ¼Ƶļαδе̫ˣǣڴ
ͬڴûʲô˼ϣλ˿ܹһ㣬Ҫ﹥
ȻǰֱҲп㣬ΪαǿԴֻġ
Ժܶʱǿֻͨ˽⵽ֱĽԼԼı֣Ӷ
ûֻĻζţûа취ʱ֪Լڹڵеı֡
Ҳ֪ԼʲôطҪעģȻܶĿǱ¶ȶȵĿġ
˵ףܹһõӡ˭ԸⱻأϾҲûԸⰤ
αϽֻ㿹ܣҲЩͷ۵ģΪЩٸеͷۣϽֻҲǱġ
ΪһʵĿһμαʹֻ鱻ֱ˳ȥ
˾¼ƵôڽĿкĻģǹ־ԲԸ⿴顣
⵵ĿľеѪǾԲֻܻٵĿ鷢ġ
ԣڼαԼĽĿ֮ѡĻȻǺԥĻѡԼĽĿϾǵαǶϵ
ȻǾμҵĽĿͱҪƶĹ򡣡
üģٴο˵ʱҲǳǳЦ⡣
Ҳʲôˣԣֻ֮ǰҲʱȥϵ˴кϾڽ¼ڼ䣬ֻġ
ϵǳЦƽüͷչ˿˵ǹƶߡ
Ƕˣ˷Ҳֻʣ·ˣϾ۵ΥԼ𣬲ܹеġ
صϵƽߵԺӵĽԥһ£Ȳͨպĵ绰
ôˣǱ߳ʲô𣿡պûпֱҲͲ֪üαϽֻ顣
һӵƽĵ绰һӦƽǱǲǳʲôˣ
ûСƽ̾һǽĿҪαϽֻ
ϽֻպЩΪʲôҪϽֻ֮ǰûз鰡
ֱսĿֻǷǳҪĶ˿Ժ;ϵΨһߡ
ҲǿԸֱеı֣ӶҪעЩʲôûֻǸθ˹ͨ
ֱĿ׳ģЩעⲻĵطҲҪЩȥġ
ҲǺǹ̬ȺֻܼϽǲܵˡ
ƽٴ̾һȻպĵĲͬһ飬ڣǶΪҪϽֻš
ⶼЩʲô°պЩץץͷ
ȻΪƽյʱպ컹ǷǳĵģϾһعȷǳߵĽĿ
֮ѩѾպ÷ǳˣַ˱ҪüαϽֻ飬պ겻ĸо
Ҳ̫ˣҵĺԼҲô죬ԼҲעġ֪պڵʲô飬ƽ䡣
˵ΪֻľܹϵĹߣôϽֻ飬ƽҲνġ
ҲֻˣԼעһ㣬Ͼֱ
պüģѩĿ϶ûʲôģܹܿ;ܿҪ˽ࡣ
šѩĳ֣ƽȾЩ⣬־ӦϾһԴعȵĽĿ
Щӵж˵ûǲμӵġ
ϾֻҪμӸһ죬ջķ˿ȶȣ˭᲻Ըأ
Ҳպ˵ѩĿĿ򵥣кܴһֿǳģһ㣬ƽҲпǹġ
ԼСһ㡣պ̾һ˵˵ȥܹƽ˵Ҳô仰ôģҲֻǸż
֮˵˼仰֮պͨϾƽҪ֪֮ͨ⣬һҪҪ֪ͨ
Ҷ˸պ֮ͨƽֻԥһջûвͨľ޵ĵ绰Ǵ΢š
ѧõСɰҪ¼Ƶ⵵սĿҪαϽֻ֮ļ϶ûа취ϵˣ㲻ҪģһúչԼġ
˵ƽԸľ޴绰һľ޵ͻ᲻ùҶϵ绰ˡ
ʱ䣬ľкܴļϷԣ绰ȥҲǸ˵
Щ̫İ˰ؿڵλãƽ˿˵棬̾һ׼صֻʱ
Ϊľõרƽһ£Ž˵绰
ĿΪʲôҪֻ֮ǰһֱûչαֻ𣿡绰һͨľЩ㴫˹
ܲż𣿶ڸûа취뿪ľ˵ÿܹƽ˵ỰΨһŽ˼ķˡ
ڣûֻûа취ľͨƵ˯ʱܹƽĺ˯ء
ھԭҲǺ߲û˵ǽĿǱʲôİŰɡ
ƽҲЩΣľһ˲䣬ʶսеֻҲǱһ޻һƵġ
ѧ㡣ľҧ˴Ҳ֪޿κε飬ǣĺƽ
ֻҪһ뵽ļ죬ûа취ƽͨƵûа취ƽ绰;رίѹ
ԣúϷһҾͻϵġƽ
šľһѹѹʼ߶߶ĶƽĿҲΣȻΣϵǺܴ󣬵ԼҪСһ㡣
ȻǸԷǩ˺ͬģǣ㻹ҪȫΪأвˣŲȥˣ͸о߽Ŀ顣
šƽ䣬ľ޵߶Æ£úůġ
ˣĺԼǩ˼찡ľ׷ʡ
졣ƽʵʵĻش˶Է
Ҳ˵Ϳ˳ˡľ˿һ㲻Ϣ
ԡƽ˵ͷȻںͬȷʵܴɣʵƽҲ
ӳפααѾǹ˾òˡ
֮뿪ٲûᱻ˵¡
֮ǰסԺǼ飬ľҲ̹ˣڿ˵޵ˡ
ֻҪڹ˾һ죬ǾͻڶԷǰֻһˣν
ľޣͲǰˣȻˣЩûиľ޵ıҪˡ
ľޡ
ľ޵ȻֹֻЩ֪˵ټˡ
ƽżαڵķһۣûϽֻҲֻʣһˡ
ѧ㣬ˡľټ˵һ䣬Ҫҵ绰ˡ˵֮ҲƽػĻᣬ̹Ҷ˵绰
ô룬ƽԼЩʵ
ֻǱߴƽ˴ǣϵҲΪıš
ɢıϢƽҶ˵绰׼ĹԱҲΪһĻͣ˽Ų
ǲƽղڸ˭ͨ绰ҿ绰֮ǰı黹Ǻº͵ģڵ⸱ģɾЩ˰
ڸ˭ͨ绰϶ǸǵľӰͨ绰ľӰ֮⣬˭ܹƽС¶ıأ
ͬ
ͬ
10086
֪Ǹղ˵Щʲô
һǳԵ⧲ǿʦҶϵ绰֮Ǹʧı𣿿϶ΪҪľӰֿѹء
cpڶô𣿡
λcp۵Բ̾Ϊֹ
ôܽԲأеķǰ鰡ʦ̬ȵתûпȻ΢Ҳܹģսӵ绰ʱ򣬱ĳᰡһѧרҵĹ
ʦĵһ绰Ӧڸľ˱ĿҪαϽֻ飬׼ڶ绰ʱܹóʦԥ˺ܾõġ
Ҳ˵绰ȥԷпܽӲģӵҲûа취˵΢š
Ҳ֪ûע⵽֮ʦһرԵİؿڵĶ˵ʲô˵ʦ뵽¼ڼûа취Էͨеʹˣ˭Ѳ°ɣҷۡ


ˣΪһѧרҵĹ˵һʰ·硣
Ⲩֱ޴ӷûʵԴⷬóĽ۾ǣҿĵCPģ𰡡
cpۻͰʲô鶼ܹľӰϰ
ǣľӰԼ
Ǻķʲô𣿡
cpסȦȺðɡ
ôûȦˣ赽ǰˣ赽ǰˣ
ΪһΪ棬ոȥƵ·ˣֻ˵˰ܣҿԡ
Ϲ˵ʲôأľӰǹһʱܵӵľ޻
ոȥڲȻͽ
ɪɪĲܹҲᶨʵǸ̫࣬Ѿܶˣʶĳһ֮󣬲ŷ֣𰡡
վҲͲװˣҪһһľ޻Сľ
Цڲǳ˶ͽһԹȺڡ
˭뵽˭뵽أڲȻҲ˵ĲŽᣬСľ̽СŽš
ÿ¸ҵĿһɣ֤ɲ
һѪĿľӰμӽĿ
ڵCP۶ôɥĲΪ˳ԿǣȻҪԼżμûԵĽĿ
ȻǡҲѪ룬ɪɪСľ˻Сӡ
1
2
֤š
Ȼкܶľ޵ķ˿ľ޺ƽcpŵֿ̬ȡ
ǲǰȥЩcpˡ
ϾҲԼżƽĹϵȷʵǷǳõģڶԴcp۵̬ϣȻҲͲǰˡ
ڴʱľ޺ƽ˵Դ벻
ֻͨ˸绰ѣڳôϸڣҪǡ
ʮڴţǿһĿ
Եһ죬ľĸƽһĿʱЩ֪øлڵӣǸøлλѵˡ
ƽҲûԼ̫ʱ䣬һվһԵĹԱҲûΪѶԷֻػ֮Žŵ
ˣעһ¡֣˵עԼϣǵ¼Ƶصںɭ֡
йȥҪСʱ·̣ǻǰǱߵǣͼҲõˣͼúʱĵطǵн·ߡ
ŹֵĻ˽ͼ˳Ȼúʱע·ߡ
˼Ҫֿߣѩɴ۾ôһһ
֮ǰĽĿڳ֮ǰͷֺ飬Ȼһж
ΪʲôһڣҪαϽֻȻ鶼ˣ
ﵽɭֵǶ·߲ûʲôΣգһǲõġֽ͵ڷ飬Ƿǳƽġôƽֲûн̫ࡣ
ѩ㱾˵ЩʲôģǹָûиٴοڵĻᣬ˵仰֮ȻͲαǸŽĿˣԺļ
Цˣħֲħ֣Ȼ뵽üαжĵӣ̫ˡ
᲻Щ̫ðˣҲˣŮչ黹ǻ˾ЩΣյİɡ
Īţط죬ҼҾԺӳɭ֣ȷʵħ˵ֻҪСʱ·̡
Ůһ㣬·Ҳܹʮҵ·ϲûʲôΣգƽ·Ҳܹܶ·˵ģǲ֪ǻ᲻Ϊһε峡
ڵԼżĸλ˿λԳǱ˵ѵĻ֮Ҳǿ΢ŵˡ
Ժߵһ֮ɳ˳ĬܹĿʲôҾڻҪץʱˡ
ԣȻû˵ûаʱ᲻гͷǡӷɲû˵ڣǴ˼Ҳܹġ
ҡЩĿڣҲῴͼ
˵仰ʱǳ˾ԼῴͼҲûʲô
ֻҪĶʶͼͺˣ˭ܹ뵽أȻһУ˵ʲôҪڰСʱ֮ڵĿĵء
ػе㺦£ҪԼŵͼߵĻ˵ǰСʱˣһСʱﲻĿĵء
صĻļ˶Ĭһ£ǳվ˳ӵͼĻӦһֱ·
˵㳯ߣ߳ȥ֮еĵͼһ·ָһط·һֱߣܹɭֵʱӦҲͿĿˡ
ллʦųֻ˻ΣȻͷҲصĳų֮ǰָķˡ
һصıӰʧɣͷһۣѯʣ˸˵˾һ·򣬱Ҳ뿪ˡ
ûһᣬԭؾֻʣӷˣһۣӷɿʵ˵һλô顣
²Цҡҡͷô飬Ҳ϶άŮԭġ
ӷص̾һλŮαԼԺһ飬һ̾˿
ʵ֮УӷɱȽƽٴӱĻƽֽ谡


51 
ȵ½½ĵĿĵ֮, ǵ˷Ļˡ
ڷʱҲ֪Ϊ˽ĿĹۿЧô, ֻǸ⡣
ڷʱ, ظֵһ, һʱûʲôģȻǲظcpҲ˽ĿŮ
֮ķ, Ǽαû뵽ڶû뵽, ˭ܹ뵽أһηʱ, Ȼƽѩֵһ顣
Ůαֵһ, мαֵһ飬ԴĿ, һη顣
Ѿֺļ, ԥһ£ǾˣϾûиʲô
мαмαֵһ飬ŮαŮαֵһ飬Ҳ֮ǰȫû뵽, ܹ˭أֻ˵ƽѩôðɡ
ãʱ˿, ѩǾû뷨, ˵ܹƽֵһ, ˵ĵһˡ
ͬΪһ飬ҪӽƽɶҪ˰
⡭⻹ǵһοķ鰡
᲻̫Σ˰, Ůһ𣬾ܹ໥иӦ˾òİ
ҾýĿڸ鰡ƲȫȫɣѵĿͲ֪ƽѩ֮Ĺϵ𣿡
֮䵽ʲôϵ˵˼ۺɣǿ϶Ҳǲġ
Ͼľ޴вһŵĻɫ䲻ƽͷϡ
ȻˣûĻⲿĵҲܻɽ
˭ȥأǻģҪȥˡ
ѩ˿УƽǼżɫĴˡ
ڿĿ齫ƽѩֵһʱѩķ˿˲ըˡ
ĻϵԻ˲Ļ̿ˣһĻƽ˿cp۵УȻҲΪ
˫ս˶ٻغҲᣬʱѾֺƽѩ㣬ȴû뿪
Դӷֺ飬Ŀڸ֪µļϵ֮뿪ˣˣҲϢ֮ٴ·ˡ
ԭصľֻʣƽѩˣһ±Ϣѩ㣬ƽָڴû¡
˵ʵ֪ԼѩֵһʱƽҲھȵģսĿĹŮӵġ
˭ܹ뵽һξȻͷôء
ѩμĿĿֻΪعȣƽǲŵģֻڻ벻˻ķְˡ
ǰ˳˰ɣϽץʱ·׼ʲôʱ򰡣
ҹưɣΪҶɭĵطЩµģԲҽȥɡ
ȥħ飬òΪҪΪɭ֣ȥ֮޿İɡ
¥ϵѣڽʲôֲ𣿡
ǰ˶ѾһʱˣƽѩȫûҪ뿪κξٶ
ҲòѿʼƲסԼԶˣ֮ԻĲ²⣬ҲΪ֮ǰĽĿУȷʵ˱Ū޵ӡ
ʱɭֶڵ˵ܲʲô̫ڿֲĵطǣڴûнȥ˵ǻη֮ĵġ
Զ׶ʲôطȥˣƽ˵ǲһֱķط
վһ壬ƽˣǰϢˣҲ·ˡȥ֮ܲǰһϵ㶼⡣
áѩҲû˵ʲôܾĻ˵ֱҪ˼һԼĸ
˵֮ǰһϵ㣬Ǿζţûа취˻ϵġ
ֻҪһ뵽֮ɭֻˣѩ㶼Լ˶Ҫˡ
һ±˱ͬʱ̤ɭ֣˵ڻǰ죬ĻĴڵסͷա
ʹ̫ܹҶķ϶֮͸ɭߵܼҲǷǳ޵ģӰ첢ǺܴٲӰߡ
ʱϿ˲ٸʦйصϢ˵ʦľӰͬһѧġû߶Զѩ˻ϻӡ
ƽתͷѩһۣӦһ
ľӰʦĹϵ϶ܺðɣ˵ʦܹõǸɫľӰйء
ѩǺһ仰ɲʵƽȷʵĽɫ
ʵľ޺ƽĹϵͬһ㣬ϾľǸʱǸǩԼ֡
Ӱ󣬿ǸʱϾŸոյһµĹ˾
ûվȽŸ£ȴҪðŵ﹫˾߲ķգƽȡһɫ
˵ֻ֮ͬѧ˵ѵĹϵôƽɾЩˡ
ƽǰеĽŲͣһ£֪ѩ㲻⣬ԭء
ֻĳ˳ǣٴοڵʱû䵭ǴЩĵ٩
ǰ˵ûҸľӰĹϵȷʵͦõģϾҶܹΪ˾
ѩϵЦݽһ£ƽĻش𣬻û뵽ģʦϲЦ
ǲڿЦǰӦúŶѽϾǸɫȷʵľӰİ²õġ
ȦôˣһľӰҾٻ켸ʮ꣬Ҳûгͷ֮հ
ƽͣ˽ŲһĿѩ㣬ԶľӰǷǳǳĸмôæǷڹŴĻţҲֻˣǰء
ѩϵЦݣƽ֮ⷬһһĹˡ
ǿƽеĨЦʱйŭֻš
Ϊ˵򻹲ĻֻڶҪ̲סƽôһˡ
֪ǲҵĴôоƽ⻰л
ĴҲĸо
߷ˣǼǣ̫ˡ
¥ϵѣ侲һ㣬ô͸Ǽǳһˣ¡
侲ʲô侲ôһǶֱˣһϽȥ
ǣһƽղǾ仰ĻʲôҾðɣ
ȣ
ȡ
˵ԼǲڿЦѩ֮˵Ļ⣬᲻ӳʲôأ



ֵܣ⻰Ϣе󰡡
ҿʲôû˵ѩķ˿Ҫңͷ壬ټһ䣬˵ҵȫ
Ȼˣƽ֮ⷬŸָ²˲Ĳ²⣬ʱƽǿˡ
վԼǸˣڼάԼı飬ƽü֮䶼Щá
һʼʱ֪𲢲ô׵ķŹǣ˵һѩֵһһ⡣
Ȼûⳡ⣬ѩ㻹ȥѰĻᣬ룬ըֱӴߣҲǼ¡
һĻڶԷҪʱҲڵһʱԷ
֮·УѩҲ仰ľޣǻᱻƽ᲻صĸȥ
һһȥģƽҲѩһֱľ޵ͼˡ
ƽЩ벻ͨǣѩҲӦúֱ֪¡
ʹôԼԼҲܻᱩ¶Լľ֮Ĺϵ
һ·ͺͲֻһֱڲϵظţľ޶ôôĺá
ͺ뽫һӡֱӿӡڹۿֱĹһ㡣
Ȼ֪ѩ˲ģǶԷĲƽЩס
֮У˵жǻ֮ŶһжѩſڣһľӰ⼸֡
󣬱˵ǼαˣۿֱĹڶе㱻ľӰָϴˡ
ò˵ѩĺִˣ죬죬ѩǻʱʱؾͽľ޺ƽϡ
죬ѩμĿޣҲľ޾û뵽һʱ䡣
Ϊѩ㶥һͻ뿪ĿΪԼվҲǳعġ
ѵ㻷ܹŸ죬ѾЩˣôû뵽ȻԼ졣
ڵϣѩĳ뿪֮ƽû˶ɿЩ
ѩܹ죬Ǿζţ϶ǴĳĿģ뿪ˣǲζţĿѾﵽأ
뵽ѩ뿪֮ǰظЦƽҲһһ
˵⼸¼ƹУûѩԼڵ棬Ҳû˵ʲô˵Ļ
ǣֻҪһ뵽ѩ뿪Ļ棬ƽѹԼĵĵǣ֪ǳԼġ
Ҳ֪ǿ϶ǴĳĿģڣԷѾĿĶ뿪ˣȴɵһԷͼ


52 
ѩ뿪, εĲƽҲûѡʱֹͣ¼ơ
ȻѾ֪ץİѱô, ʱ˳¼Ʋһõѡ
ѩ֮ѡ˳, , Ȳ˵ѩı𣬾ûУѩȵĻ, Ҳǲ̫̫ˡ
˵¼ƹУǲ֪, ӿ϶ӹɵ飬Ȳ˵˾ǾԲܷŹôõһᡣ
Ȼպȷʵȡ¼ʱ, ƽҲ
һвǿľ޵, ϶ҪǩפαĺԼġ
Ҫ飬϶ҲǴһֵ, , Ϊ˲κοץסСӵĻᣬ졣
ʱƽȴζ벻ûѡʱ뿪˳ѩġ
ҵ찡ѩˣǲ֪, ⼸켴뿴ƽСֱ, ֺ¿ֱ
һ, ⼸ǱľӰָϴ, ȻˣҲľӰ󡣡
, ģʵǿƲסԼҪ²۵ˣѩ²ʲôëɣսֻǾ¶ѣϣλ˿ܹһ㣬Ҫܡ
ɲʲôë仰ľӰȶȶ˰
ѵֻһ˵ĹעƽľӰĹϵ𣿡
㲻һˣⲻǡǡ˵ǿĵCP𣿡
Ǻĸ㵽˰뿴ͬ򰡡
˵ܽһѩ⼸Ļó¼㣬һǵѩǸɫȷʵǱƽӦ˵ǱľӰߵĸΪʡ
ڶǣľӰ󵱳ոǩԼ֣ͰƽȡԴȫΪǲǻ﹫˾߲㣬ɴ˵óۣƽľӰĹϵȷʵһ㰡
ϵһһȫͬģϾǿĵCPİ
ǣǹϵһ˵ˣľӰΪŸٶ࣬ﶼİ
CPĸλ鷳һԼԶɺã
ǣʲôСڰǾͨѧѧõĹϵѡ
ԣľ
ǣ֪ҵĹעǲеƫȷʵһʡ



ӻСѾˣ뿪ʼıݡ
ȣǣƽľӰǴѧͬѧһѾʵˣڵϢĻǵĹϵӦǷǳõġ
ľӰΪʲôûһʼʱͰƽСأƽС⼸жңҿɶĿõģ˵Ϊʲôأ
Ϊʲôأ
ҲӦǱױܣĵľӰԶԼǷŲƽС㣬ֻصĵط


 ԣƾԲ!
ҾðɣӦľӰƽСˣһ֮¾뿪ˣ֪ԼƽС㣬֪ԼˣԾԷ
⡭׷޻᳡е̼
ȵȣΪʲôŰĶľӰ󰡣ľʲôѵͲƽС׷޻᳡𣿡
ⲻŵ׷޻᳡ǸԾľӰ󰡡
ȵȣǵĹע㣬ѵӦ˱˵ĽɫԼ˵Ĺϵһ㶼ô
¥ϵСѩķ˿ɣҲͲ˵սսˡ
ֻҪ׷ǵˣȦٶһЩ˽İɣУǿȦ
˽ɫ鲻Ǻ˵ˣʵĻ±𣿡
ǣ˵Ĺϵһ㣬׻ҪǽٱܹǿĵCPİǵĹϵôܻһأ
˵ѩһֱҪڣǾľ޺ƽ֮䣬ֻѧѧûѵĹϵ
ǶCP ˵Ȿ⿴ġ
ЩΨۣȻҲԼżһ
ֻҪһ뵽żһˣżˣôڶԴCP۵̬ϣȻҲúܶࡣ
˼Щˣûȷ֤ݵ£ҪʶȥҲ̫˻
ڹۿֱĹԶжƽǲ֪ģûйۿֱȴڻҵպҲǲ֪ġ
պæ֮׼ȥƽǱߵģ˵ƽֱڶûи绰
ǵҪҪ˳Ҫȥһƽģ˭ܹ뵽
Ŷûгأͱһ绰е˹˾
ڣԼǸˣպ볭ϵֱֻҵԷϡ
˿̣΢ѹԼŭ𣬵ڿ˵ʱǲɿƵģЩĻ
Ҳͬ⣬ǩͬʱǩľ졣
ΪʱѾˣԼҪ˵ӦֱӸǩפαĺԼ
ûպ˫Ҫ˫ۣĿڡ
ѩͶɹȫģЧʵǷǳġ
е̵涼ѾˣͲϷ˰
ֻҪһ뵽ⳡֱ֮Уľ޺ƽĹϵΣü۶Ⱦϲɫ
ֱĿжô࣬¶²᲻֪
ûŮαܹ¼һڣ¶ȴҪƽ¼ڣ̫𣿡
պսߵķ֣ĿǺ޲ý̻ˣΪľڱ
֣ЦһҪȦͷжôѣСӦǡ
μĿĺôСʱҲӦǡ
ѲСΪƽڽֻǳһɽݵϷͺ켫һʱ˰ɡ
㡭պҧҧĻĿ˵кģ޴ӷ
ͨμĿĴôȷʵĿõģϾƽȷʵۿɼٶš
΢ķ˿Ҳһֱţ£պ˵κηĻ
ô࣬Ǿ˵ƽͲʺϴȦǻȦˡ
Цһĵ˾ľӰϣȷʵԸᣬھһعȣĽĿ
ȴңΪ࣬Ҫ;˳С㣬ĿȻ˵ĿλҲ˭϶ܹϵѽ
˾ǿعȵĻᣬȴңΪǸĿ̫ˣ¼ˣú𣿡
պһٻ˳ȥػغüΣʱѹסԼҪֿڵĳ嶯
ûٿ𣬶ǽ߷˴칫ҿʼһֱû˵ϡ
˾ȷʵƽǩפαĺԼģϾĿعķǳĸߡ
ܹõԼʵҲͦģȷʵ˭ҪܹҪģһ㣬պûа취


53 
ȣպĿ⿴ЩεĿһ, Ҳûа취װԼˡ
պҪƽפαĺԼĳԼαĺԼʱͷͬ˵ġ
ǡ̧ͷһۣҲЩ, Ȼǹ˾, ˾Ҳһ, Ҳе鶼һ˵ġ
뵽緢飬;ЩȻҲ, ôпΪ˱ƽ, ûԷ
ڶ»˵˾Ҫ׬Ǯ, ƽμӵ, Ϊۼʱ
ֻ˳ߵعȣܹƽ, ΪƽȡԴͻᡣ
ֶ˺ͶԹ˾õ, ҪηҪǣƽڵۣΪ˾Ķ¶Ÿɡ
պ찡Ǹ⼸ҲһЩҾƽӦͦõġ
Ҳ֪, ܹΪȡᲢ, Ǳǵʱ, ʱѡ˳, ȷʵһǵѡ񡣡
ܡպ켱ˡ
ѹѹʾպ첻Ҫż, ֪ĿŮ˵ȷʵЩࡣ
¶˵Ҫõ࣬ȻҪģţܹᵽ˾ĵġ
պһ㱻ҧˣ֪м䵽Ƿʲôѡվһߡ
֮ǰפαĺԼĳԼαĺԼʱҲͷͬ˵ģΪʲôȴأ
ѵΪ⼸ƽڼ
պս˷ϵ˫֣Ʋƽһ㡣
ȻҲڵնƽ˵һôõĻᡣ
⼸ֱЧǷǳĺãƽûŮαະۣµӡҲǷǳõġ
˵ƽڽĿеıֲãĶǺڷۺĻպ쵹˵˾ƽ˳¼ƣڡ
պ̧ͷһɫֿһʼЦеĿԼ
˵ƽȻȷʵЩǸһȵĻ
ǲ̫Զ̫ԶˣҲΪҲעڹ˾û̫ĻȨ
ľޣʹľĲҲԲȶԷ
˵ˣڵӰ󣬿λߣ뵽ʱպҲǸо
ȻպһֻҪ̸ɱܹƽߣһߵĴԡ
ǣڻûиԷȷϵ֮ǰԾһֻܿţȴĽӡ
ڻڳ£պ͸ܽ˵ˣ˵ˣܲܳɣһ׶ûء
ҪƾһᣬƽĿλȻҲǲʵģܳΪ˵ɡ
ˣô˵ˣԼ鷳ȥǱ߽һˡ
˵űվӽ춭»һ̿ʼƽפαĺԼҲǰ϶ˡ
Խպ˵˵֪֮ͨĿǰѾûκοԻˡ
һ㣬պȻҲǱȽģڿվ֮Ҳû˵κϣԷıעĻˡ
ôҲΪǡպļ򣬡ú˵һ˵ʲôִ
뿪һԼ·Ҳվ·պʱ
εĲЦ⣬պüΪ̶ɾպ׼ʱ򣬻ҵűƿ
ӦȥȥպʻûðأͿ˽Ŵ߽ľ޺ס
ľӰ󣡡
պЩȣľ޲Ϸ
ɱˡƺǿպɻľ޳һ¡
ƽɱ֮ϷҲûʣˣ˵ԴƽμǸֱĿ֮
ÿڿطŵʱ򣬿ƽôģľ޾۵òУһֱʱ䣬ƽܹˡ
ǱҲպɱˣ׼ƽһϲģ˭ܹ뵽أڻ׵ʱ򣬶ԷȴƽĺԼпܻڡ
ΪܹǸ˼ҹˣȴ֪ԷпҪڡ
֪ϢʱľǾԼ˾Щ̫ˡ
ȻڽʱҲ˵Щ鶼ֻĲ²⡣
׼Ȼô˵ˣ϶ڹ˾ʲôҲζţпġ
Ǳ𼱻ǵĸϻ˹˾ȴ׼뿪ʵԣȻҲͲҪȥ²ˡ
ȣ
һڶûʲôľޣЩεӣ˭ܹ뵽ճž͸Է˸š
Ҳ֪ôģǸޱˣͻȻ;Щ顣
Լ֮ؿһľӰǸɱͻ˰
ǰľûʲô¶ȵӦһܡ
ƽμֱĿѾǰ϶ˣľӰΪ˵ģɲؿˡ
˾ΪȡôõԴҲǺķ˲ģٶʱѡʱ˳ǹ˾ʧҲʧ
ľӰȦôˣҲӦúһ˶ԣܹӵһᣬǶôĲס
ľ˵ľ޿ڵ˲ͽضĻͷ
ΪܹͷǸ˹˾ٶ²ٺôվԼһߡ
ļƻǣƽ߰ѺԼǩˣֻҪѺԼǩˣû¼ڽĿ֮ǰƽûа취ѡ˳
ľߣʱİ취ҲȥμֱĿͿˡ
ھͲһˣľȴʱQ˳Ҫݲʱܹ˻ȥľû֮ǰˡ
ľû˵ֱֱĶƺҪͨ͸
⼸ֱľȻûжʱĶţֻҪʱ䣬ͻֻطš
ڣѩЩɧȻҲΪʲô
˵֮ǰľ޻ЩɻĻôͶˣѩ֮ǰڽĿһֱڸϴԣڶƽϵӡ
ֱƽòǩڵĺԼƽԼǩ֮ǾͻὫĿԼˡ
ڵֱͨ¶ǵĹϵɡ
Ҳ֮ǰӾǱƵȷƽ֮Ĺϵ
ԱϣֱܹͨĿ˱¶࣬ùȥָ࣬Ӷʵ˹ϵһʵ
ò˵ľ޵ⷬ²⣬ѾǽӽʵˣΨһͬıǣûãҪôĸԸȥμĿ
Ϊ֪ƽǩ˳פαĺԼӶĸԸȥȡԳΪפαĻᡣ


54 
ԭʮӲ, һľ޵߶ϣĪƣʶ˿
Ȼľǲܻǻֵ, ŶԷǴ, ʶĽ·קק
һε, Ǹ˷ǳ̵ӡ󣬵ڿľ޵ʱǻһֺëĸо
ʶľٶ, ľȻҲ, ʵûסЦ
ЩĻңΪľ޵Ц, Ҳôˡ
˿, ȴ˲ģĻ, ʵЩľ޵, Ͼ⵽ĶԴ
ҽԺôʱ䣬Ƚôãڶľ޳Թ޵ͬʱҲļɵ
¶˵ûĻ, ȷʵҪúϧġ
ľ޽ߴ˻, һϵ, Ŀ֮ǰҲп, Ҿ˵ҲȷʵǸ, ⲿոɱ࣬Ҫʱ򡣡
ľӰ˼ǣȻľ޻˼ǾЩš
ľλˣͲҪνعȡ
ҲͲҪȥĽĿԼعȣ˵ĿжôĿ࣬жôۣҲ˽ġ
²Ǹ˼ľЦЦĿعȲǺܸĿǵⲿ磬°빦
˵е°֮ͣͳֻ˸绰
ûһᣬľ˱Žˣڿһ˲䣬ƽ۽
ģ˵ⲿʱ˵ǸƽһⲿģɲҪ
ȻҲĲ룬ܹƽڵһ¡
ΪͽΪֱĿľҲǾЩµġ
ˣָָŵλ
ľЦЦֱͬһɻģҲһͬص˾ġ
ֻһȥԼľˣһȥˡ
ڻ·ϣҲ˵ƽпܻᱻҪǩפαͬ飬ڱеҵʱҲûоöôľȡ
֪ľ޺ƽ֮ȻҲ
һƽıǩ˳פαĺԼôľǾԲӲġ
ûа취ı乫˾£ľ޿϶Ҫȥ⵵ֱĿġ
Ҫô˵ˣΪⲿոɱľõ
ƽڲμӵǲսֱĿ첻
ⲿ粻ҲպɱĿǱмα뿪ˡ
Թ˾ϣȥμĿ˳ⲿȻˣҪȥǩפαĺԼֻȥ¼һʱ뿪
ҪƽȥǩפαĺԼҪȥǩפαĺԼ
ǣԲȥҪľȥǩפαĺԼ˵ˣӰĲࡣ
ҾóפαͦõģҲںܴĳ̶ΪǼⲿø
ԼЩ֣ľ貹һ䡣
ҲھֻǩפαĺԼˣҲ֪սսĿƽĽĿǲ̫һġ
˵Ŀλ£ֻгפαܸȡĿԣϾԸ񡭡
Ựδ˵ҲҪ˼
˵еһ£Ͷˡ
Ǳȥ̸ײһ䡣
УǿŰþСһʱ䣬˵һ価Уһָۣ˻ȥ
ȵ뿪֮ľ޿ԼԱߵᣬЩǸĵǸʦûҲǣ
ʲôǸҶĿʵͦȤġЦŵ
Ȼô˵ˣľҲľ;öԷĶĽĿȤ
ϾڵĿλѾҪμĽĿԼعˣԶԷô˵Ҳڰοɡ
ĿľûԤϵģѳɶ֣Ҳݲȥˡ
ľʦĲҪϵģΪĶĿͦȤġ
֮ǰһҵľȥȡֻûеõĻˣһܹμĿһҪлľʦء
Цǰӣô˵ڰοľޣʵ
⵹ģֻ֮ǰΪг̵飬ֻܸǩαĺͬǱջǽˢ
ľ£ʱһ䣬ľҪμĿĻ˵ʲôܻӦǩפαĺԼ
ڣѾ˲˵CPۣһȥμӽĿҲ㽫˸Чһ
Ȼˣڵ뷨ľ޺ǲ֪ġ
Ҳǩ˳פαĺԼ֮ľ޳cpܾ֮û˸ĺԼĻᡣ
Ǳߣ֮ǰ̽Ŀڷ磬ԳפαΪǰĻԻǷǳġ
֪ľɱ֮׾Ѿ׼ˡ
ɲľڻ֪֮ƽǩ˳פαĺԼҲμӽĿʱǱѾԱˡ
׽㣬̫ˣҼֱˡľһܱ
ЩƿľޣٴοʱҲЩĵ٩ˣ
ȡʲô׽㣬ǱߡľӣѸٻصá
ھʡЩЦҡҡͷֻȥˡ
һ뿪ľ޵߾ͲͣɨϵҲ΢΢Щżġ
ȥμĽĿڵĿλȷʵǲõ̫ģǹֵĿеʱ˾ͦġ
ģ֪ģĿǺٻǩפαĺͬġ
αͳפα֮ѡĻ룬϶Ҳǻѡפαġ
ľ޵ĵģڰһ£ڽĿ˵αƵ̫ߣɲʲô¡
һľޣǾζţսĿĹ̶αˡ
ֻҪǴˣɶ֪ôѡԶܲܲμӽĿᵹǲôĵġ
ǹƢǺܹŹ𣿡ûг䶨֮ǰľʼնûа취ȫ
ϾҲûи˵Ŀһܹ£˵ԻȽϸ߰ˡ
˰ɣƢȷʵЩŹ֣ǿλѡ˲¼ƣȷʵĿһɫͿ㡣
Щѡ񣬶ЩҪعȵϵģҪμĿĶӰӰҿɲŹܾ
῿˸˵ɤҲ˼
˵սĿҲܳˣû˲μӹ
ʵɣĿҲЩεģ˱źܸߵȻҲҪĽĿԼعȡ
ԣ룬Ҳû˻ȥμӣڣǸݳ֦ǿ϶ܾġ
ϾĽĿ˵Ҳһᰡ
һ֮ͨľҲãô£ȻЩ̫ģٲôˡ


55 
ȴʱѰ, ˵ݵȴ֮⣬˼ĥŵľˡ
ȵƿ߽ʱľҲʶվ, ڴϵĵǵ, ı鿴ȥЩࡣ
ЦЦ, Ҳûľ޶ȣ㳯˵ͷǱѾ˵, ˵ȥͿˡ
ҡ
ѾƱˡľ޿ڣױ˻ֻ, Ʊľ׼֮ǰѾǰ׼ġ
ΪǸʱѾ֪˾ҪǿƽǩפαĺԼˡ
ľ޻֮ܲлμĿ, ϶ǷĲƽġ
ױĴ, ûа취ľգ취ƽһ, ܹһ˵˼֮ɡ
׽, лл㡣ľ۾һҲ룬ȥһܱ
ľޱ˸ûסĵ̾˿˵ʵԽԽԼǸˡ
˵ľ, ٿ, ľ뷽跨ֹԼ˲Ҫ̸
أȻΪ˻һ˵˼֮, 뷽跨Ϊȡᡣ
ĵ׸Լ˰, ϣҲͦİɡ
ҲƱ, ǲ֪ǲǸľӰһࡣὫеֻ£ڹȥܸϵ¼ƣܹúϢһ
Ҷ˺ʱеţھҪˣľʦĻǿһȥ
£֮ⷬ󣬱㽫ԼĲ˻ȥ
ϸ˵һ¸ľ޳CPأڿҪľһߵ顣
ΪҲ˼ģҲûŶԷˡ
ǽȥ¼ҲҪȵˣֻҪֻûб֮ǰһ¶ԷͿˡ
ҲûбҪΪ˸˵飬ľһ뿪Ļᡣ
ðľ޵˵ͷʱ˿̣ĶѾɵƽǱȥˣ˵ʱҲЩĲ
ῴ״̬ҲֻЦЦûн⡣
Ȼ˲ûʲôľ飬ϲҪһҲܹġ
˵˻ڵʱ򣬾ͱֿôʱ䣬ľ޹Ƽǿɾ̫ˡ
׽㣬һιȥμ¼ƵʱҲȽϳФͲҹȥˡ
ҸʦһȥͿˡľ޿ڣ¼ƽĿʱ򣬳˽Ŀļα͹ԱҲʲôˡ
á׵˵ͷ˵ˣҲûдľһȥ
պϴθ˵δԵǸ顣
֮ǰҲиԷϵһΣûԼˣʱ䣬Ҳ׼ȥպ촦һ顣
ܹ˽֮󣬽Ըȡ
ľʦ
¼ƽҲҪһˣҹȥҲʲôһµʱȥ尢̡
˵ФԼʱǾĸͬġ
ǻҲͦʱˣһ¼ƽĿҪФţҲʱöԷȥһԼļˡ
Ф걾˵ǻԸĿǱһ£ܲŽĿǱж
ûа취ľ̫æǿһЩܼģľ⻰һڡ
Ф֪ûа취ľ޸ıˣҲֻʹֵĽݼٵ顣
ľӰ󡣡ľ޵˽˻ʱΪֹպ쿪˵ĵڶ仰
պ㣬İɣһչ˺ѧġľߵպߣһı֤š
ǰһŮպıЩӡ
⵵սĿжô࣬ǿ⵵Ŀ˶֪ġ
ľڵĿλǽĿʢ룬ҲǲܻȥμӵģڻȥμӵɣպȻҲġ
ľޣպǲ˽ģ֪Щ飬ҲͨϵЩ˽⵽ġ
˵֪֮ѧѧõĹϵ֪һ顣
ʵպٻôһ㵣ĵģ֪Ϊʲôԭֿġ
ڿٴߵһʱǻ̲סȥģƽһܵ˺
Դƽľһ֮ƽı仯ۿɼģЩ仯Ǻõġ
һڵƽܵ˺һֿƽĸı䣬պҲԼйġ
ڣպ췢Լľôһ㣬ܹóľĺϲƽ
Ҳʲôûо鰮СڶԷǷĵģȻҲԼб׼
ˡպ¶ЩЦ⣬ľ޵ļҲǽƽиˡ
һġľһӾ;ˣ˵ǵõƽ˵Ͽɡ
պƽ˵Ҳر˰֮ĹϵܹõպͬľȻҲǿĵġ
ʱҲˣҲóˡ̸֮ѾеĲˣ˽
;ͲˣһὫľӰ󰲰ȫȫ͵Ŀĵصġ
׼ڣһĻͷ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôýֺͷҲܹõ
˵ڸûҪCP뷨УҲԲܻԼ۵CP
cpǲأǿcpأǷ˲ŻȥԼ۵cp
µƨɸմ̧ȥ
ȻЩ̫һһεĽԼĻͷľٶ÷ǳġ
ֻҪԼ보CPǸ뷨жôڽĿȻҲиĻǸʱһ
˺ⲿΪǰᣬ˵CPۣȻҲᷢչ׳ǸʱȶȣȻҲͻ
ڳCP飬Ȼǲܻȥ׽ģϾľȦĵλͲҪcpȶȡ
ȻҲһ˵CP飬ٷ֮ʮŵǻᱻܾġ
ԣ보cpֻԼӲ˶һ˾ġ
ľ޲Ը⣬ȵȶˣ˾Ҳ׵ľľվġ
ֻԼߵС̴ž죬ᣬһҪ뷨ûС
µݸԼ΢΢˵ͷʾԼˣͿ¶Ц⡣
Ҳرϵĸ˶ԷһЦǲʲôȫġ
ľˣǲҳCP
˳֮ľ޿ʵȻ֮ǰ˵˲ҪͣФ꿪͵
ΪĶˣľ˵ʱҲû̫ǡ
šûзϣҪľ޳cp˼Ȼû˵
ѾֵرˣֻҪ۾˶ܹó
ģû뷨Ȼ֪ľ޸Ͳᣬỹǲôһ䡣
Ϊҵcp𣿡ľЦ
ǰҲЦˣ뵽ԼϾͿԽĿCPˣỹеССļġ


56 
ħΧĿյ, ֧żΪϢʱ䣬˻лԶģʽ
ΪֱĿ, , Ϣʱ, Ҳǲصֱģֻڶ˽ĸ
ֻὫϢĵطнȥĶ
ʱĿյ֧ĸ, һ滹͸΢⡣
ƽˮıӷźãһԱŵֵͲ, ҲЩӡ
뿪ʱر, ֵǵʱûʶ, ֮ȴҪеĶ
ѩֵһ֮Ҳƽͷ졣
Ҳ˵Էһֱͼ¶ľ֮Ĺϵ, Ϊ˵Ĵֱٶȡ
ʱ, ܶʱҪڸ·ġ
Ƭɭʱ򣬹߾ѾرĳˣԵȵ̫ɽ֮󣬻Ҳ͸ϲˡ
һʱ, Ǿûڹ涨ʱߵ˼ϵĵص, ˺ܳʱ䡣
˵һʼʱ, ĿѾ, ɭﲢûʲôΣյĶ
ڸ·϶Ҳǻᷢģ˵ⷬҲȷʵǸǴһǿļ
ںڰ, ǻϵĿ־塣
Եһڸ·ʱǸֲ˳
ʹƬɭ沢ûʲôܹ˺ǵĶǿ־壬ǿ˵־ܹƵġ
սĿĹ滮αڹ涨ʱߵϵ㣬ܹõֵͲĽ
·ߣҲǽĿǰǰйʵ֮󣬲Ÿôġ
ȻҹɭֿȥȷʵЩ£ȵ˵һϵ֮ǱܹõԴ
֮˵Ҳҹ·ʱ򣬵ҲֻҪСʱһСʱ·̶ѡ
Ŀһʼʱ򣬿Ҳû뵽ƽѩһнٶȣȻô
ˣͿµ·һŮӣȲ˵ϵĹڻʲôӦˣĿЩ˶Ѿȥˡ
ԣһΨһһûеＯϵ㣬õֵ罱һ顣
뵽ԼӣƽܹΪפαӷɺͳκ;ˡ
ƽɽ˱֮󣬱㽫ֵˣϾĿĿ٣ƽҲĲûйԴҹ·ˡ
ԺһԼӵеĶƽ˼ڵ̾Ϣ
һʼӵеذףͼָͶλֻǹ̶Ķ֮⣬ˮѹĶһʼʱҲѾĵĲˡ
ƽܹ伢ʳҲֻʣһѹɣɵҰԼҵļħ
˵ħƽ̲ס²۵ģɭֽħ֣˵Ϊʢħõ֡
뵽Լ͵ôħƽ;ʲôݴҲƭ˵ġ
üģƽ˸˵һЩСʱ򣬽ĿҲĸṩһЩʳ
ʳʵ̫ˣÿֻһĻᣬζţҪŽĿʳӣһܲʵ顣
˵ƽҪѰʳǰ£Ҫʱʱ̷̿ѩԼڿ죬Щᡣ
ڣѩ뿪ˣƽȻЩҲĥˡ
ǶڼļαЩǵģɲϣѩһˡ
ֻϺȵĻ飬һر顣
Ҫ˵ƽѩ㻹Щġ
Էܹܼ۵£ʱʱ̼̿ǵøԼڿӣҲǺܾҵ˰
ٷ˸飬ƽҲ۾ܶ쵽ļαжôĵǡ
һƣҲֿסԼ⡣
ƽ۾˯ȥʱ򣬽ĿϢӪأȴӭ˱ŵļα
ľ޳ǸŽɫ߿۾֡
ָľһ£ȥվԱߵ֣˵Ϳôʱˡ
ֿһϵʱ䣬Ѿ賿һˣ˻ʱϹҲǹû뵽ġ
˰ɣƽڰҹǱȽóģǶЩ̫ˡ
ЦŵȻʱȷʵһ㣬һ뵽ܹ˯ôһСʱҾ;ֵͦá
һ£ǣǿǵԾûи׼Ϣĵط
ľʦʦȸǽĿ߼һɡ
ֱ˵ҪȥľƵϢ
ǿһʱֽ֮仰ȥڶѾôˡ
ﵽƵ꣬˵ҲͲһСʱҵ·̡
ҲȷʵûбҪˣǽĿߵ˼һڳǿԵġ
˵˽ĵȷʵЩ˴ֲֶ˵Ļ̬ȻǱȽġ
֮ǰǱ߸绰˵ľҪμĿʱ򣬹ʵǺܾȵġ
ȻҲ֪ԼĿܻ𣬵ҲЩų˵
ûбҪμֿ۵ĽĿΪǲȱҲͲȱԴ
Ȼľ⼸һֱڹ⣬ûڹڷչܹõӰĽ֤ʵ
ǲŻصڣҲͲҪμĽĿԼعȡ
ϾĵһǸɽģһ㣬֤ľ޵ˡ
ԹֵʱЩţҲЩ벻ףľΪʲôҪμֿۣ˸ûκκôĽĿ
ô˵ֱĽĿ˵ʵͦѺõġ
Ͼֱ˵ģжֱĿзġ
ڷ˿Ĵ㣬ҲпܻڽĿбɵԵĴС㡣
ڷ˿ĶţΪˣڽĿҲ˽ֻΪԼǵ
˵ֱĿзӣĿ˵ʤ
ıƵûа취ΪܹȦȥƵȲѵˣ˭ֻѡμֺпܻᱻڵĽĿء
һʼʱֵٺãάֵٺãҲиʱ򣬶һиʱ
ԣֱĽĿЩ˵̶ܴǻȥرܵĽĿ
Ȧӻôˣ飬ǿ˵ˡ
ԣľҪμĿ飬;÷ǳġ⡣
ǲ鲻⣬ҲҲܵ˼ҵ棬ֱӽԼĲ˵
ƽμĿĿʲôڹ˵ֻкôûл
ľ޵ļ룬ԺĿͲЩеҪعȵˡ
Ŀ֪ͦȺҲӣǺЩܹ뵽˵ձգǲ̫Զ̫Զˡ
˵ˣĽĿܹ֮ȶȣ޷ҲֻռȻռͷֵı˰ˡ


57 
Խ͵αסĵط𣿡۽ǵ⿴ľһ, ʵ
סˣ飬Щ֪øʲôķӦˡ
Ȼǽ춼Ѿ, ȻҲӦøαһġԵĻ
ľȻҲϣھܹƽ, ʱ䶼Ѿô, ƽ϶ϢˣΪԼԭƽѡ
סĽһĻȵ, ȵƽ߳һ˲䣬ܹˡ
Ѿҹ, ҲͲాһˣȻûвμӹĿ, ǽĿαľӦûͦԶİɡ
ٴο, ɣȻԼ
ľЩмĿһ, ʵҲ, Ҫʵһֵġ
ϾϸĿպסһҹȥαϲġ
ľ˵ƽھôĵطҪܹס˼ȥأ
ԡȻЩֵֹ, Ҳû̽
ȻαԸǽĿסһ, ȻҪԷҪ, üαסһ, Ҳ㡣
ִһӣùԱľ޺׼˹, ȥ׼ȥӪǱ߸֧á
ô˵ѾôˣҲڰҹ񰡡
ȽЩȫŪ֮󣬹ֿľ޺ᣬֻǻ˵Щʲôأ˱ǳԾĽԵֻ˳
ûʲôĻǾȹȥˡὫԼıãһ£ǽľ޵ıݸ
Ȼ̸Լʱ̸ģ±ϾľˣѱĿ˵ʲô
ԣýĿ飬ûǲҪ
ǹȥֻĹԱԽ˳
²ĿסĵطαסӪأȷʵһ·̵ģҲ˴аСʱˡ
ֻڿҪӪصʱ˾ûóǰˡ
ھӪػһξĵطùԱ֧
ôˣα϶綼ѾϢˣʱȥ˳ˣǿɾˡ
ĿĹԱ뿪֮ҲɽԼ񣬵ľȴǷȥ˯š
˼ˣھԶĵطţľжôȥߡ
жıסǾΥůǲУ͵͵ƽ񱻷ˣǿɾʮ춼˵ˡ
ľؿڣ϶˰ɣ֮ǰֱʱ򣬸оƽ˶ѾһȦˡ
ֵطҪ˵ԱѰ˵ƽ֮ǰĶѣǸű˼ѩ㡣
һ뵽ľ޾۵Уͷֵ򿪣Լİ
ĿǱ߸涼װЩʲôǱҲûд򿪿ôһŷ֣ĶٵĿ
ŰԼǰļѹɣƿˮľ޵üĺݺݵ¡
ô㶫ܹƽһٱľЩڣڹָʱӦüһ¡
ܸܲԷһӵʳҪ󣬵ڶѾˣҪʳҲѾǲܵˡ
ڰͣеĶڿ֮ľ淭һС
ֻԭ۽ǵЦ⻹ûгɢأľ޵ɫͳ׺
˭ܹ뵽أѹڱĽоȻǿյġ
ЩյĽӵһߣľЩĵĽĶַһ顣
ɷȥܹԵĶҲֻһʼͳǼѹɺˡ
Ҳֱһ̣ľ޲ʶĿĿٰ
ľڿ߽Ŀ̫СͿŵʱŰҹϰߵǣȴֱУӪزԶĵطµ
ȻĿҲһֱֱģǵ֮αҲϢˣҲһֱſαǡ
αϢ֮󣬺ܶҲѡȥ˯ˣֻкܶڣϲֱš
ųЩҹرˣЩ˻϶˯֮˳һĻҲһۣúܶ˶ЩԼ۾ˡ
˯֮ǰӪﻹֻĶ
ô˯֮ӪΧֶأʲôʱðģ

ǣڻе㻳Լۻˣû˯ѡ
Լۻ˲ֹһҲԼۻ˯֮ǰĶΪʲô˯֮һĻͱˣˣ
ҲӪزԶô£ûпȫ̵ڣľر󡣡
ҾӦҪļαѾˣ˵һεļαô𣿴ϵľ͵ˡ
ֱг񣬶ЩǸո˯ѵĹ˵
ǶЩڰҹĹ˵Ǿͦһ顣
˵һεļαϢľ͸˸ģҸղΪԼء
ͬɣ֪˯ֻ֮ʶĿһĻ׼˯ˣһ֮Ҵ˸飬˲˯ȫޡ
¥ϵСô˵Ǻ˻ɣڿʲôֱֲ
ԣ˿һ¼ļα˭ͦģǾȲ˵ǵּܹɣ̬Ȼֵͦó޵ġ
ֱгֵ񣬹Ҫ˵棬ǿ϶ƭ˵ġ
Ϊܶ˶ڼαϢ֮ҲȥϢˡ
ڵĻȥȷʵһ㣬ȴûһ˵֪α˭Ĺ
ҺˣҵʱӦȥϢ֮ŵģһĻҾͲλαˡ
ͬڣƽǰҹģֻ쿴αôϢ֮Ҳһ˯ݾ˭֪ʹôҪʱ̣ǻڲ
ľûпλαֵСǾЩץӷεģһȥţҲ˯ѽ
˵ħĹ˵ܹǰ֪μӽĿļα˭ҲϵĶĻץӷεİ
Ҫ˵ڵӦҰ˯֮ǰѾֱصˣֻ˯֮Ϊ򿪿һۣ˭뵽һǱèץһ
ͻȻЩ֪¥ϵĲңЩҹ˯žץӷεСҡ
ҡ񿴵ˡ
ڴƬĵĻ֮УССһУƽʱǺ׾ͱ˸Թȥġ
ǽ죬ƬĵĻ֮УҲûнûһ۾ͱ˸ˡ
Һ񿴵Щ֪˳ˣۻˡ
ûۻҲˣǰǸС飬Ͻվ˵˵
죬ĶҪˣ̬ļα˭
ղŵСأôˣòǰǸŵ˰ɣǰɣˣϽɡ
СأȥˣǰС飬òǵ˰ɣ
ŵĻǼǺĻһĵĻոմĻŮգգ۾ִڼϣȴǳٳûóһ
ղȷʵǿˣΪˣŻԼǲǿˡ
ϾղһֱڸģҲЩԺ۾ҲЩ˰ɣȻĻΪʲôῴľ޳Ǹطأ
ŮУľ޵ķ˿Ҳƽcpۡ
ΪڸģԾûйֱھЩ۵ʱ̧ͷһĻҲܹԼ
ɾдģ׼صֱϢʱȴһۿ˳ֱľޡ
Ҳ֪ǲ˯ĺǳԣڿľ޵һ˲䣬ľԼĵˡ
˷ܹ־Щ̫ܣľ˭ѽӰӵеԴͲҪμĽĿ
ܲľΪƽμĿİɡ
ΪһcpۣȻô룬һάԼǽеǣԼܡ
Ȼÿ춼ںԼĵˣľ޺ƽģʵԼҲⲻЩcp۵һԸˡ
ڿľ޵һ˲䣬нǸۻˣǸ˾Բܻľޡ
ǣһأһûۻأһǸ˾ľأһһĵCPأ
ȻͣĸԼҪǣҪȵȥ²ͼ裬ǡĺѿư
ҪȥѡĻȻҪȥѡԼۻ
һЩɵĵĻҪû˸һ˽ϵĻ档
ϾڰҹӦòֻܾһҲ˵αˣҲһ
ҵȣ׼Լȷʵۻʱ򣬿һҪĵĻ
֪ǰС绹С㣬С绹С㣬ķǳлôһλ
¥ϵѣ˼Ҳˣ
ԣҿˣֻ֮ǰûгΪҾԼۻˡ
ͬԼۻ˼һҲˣЩԼ۾
վˣҾԼڸҳ˵ˣ˵ǻԼۻˣҶԼ߻ûѹء
ҵţǣԭԼۻ˲ֹһҲ˵ǸղſǸˣǡ
˭


ô£θĺ𣿡
ڵθڣһֱ
ǿ˭ôȣȻô˶Լ
λαеһλαǡľӰ󣡡
Ļһ֣˶ͻȻԼһ㣬ĻϸɸɾģûһϢ
Ҹղšۻ𣿡Ҳ֪˶ãһĻƽ
ԣ¼ļα֮Уһ˾ľӰˣ
ԡcp۵ĿһСȴ̲סĸЦľ޻
ҿĵcpģѾ˵ˡ
ľӰⲨԣҸ֣֡
ǵ࣬׼չ˰
cp侲һ£æſ񻶣иʣľӰΪʲôҪμĿľӰڲҪعȰԼȶȰ
ΪʲôȻΪǵƽСˣСôʱ䲻ˣȻԽˣⲻΪ޷˼׷Ŀ
ҲCPۣȻҲô룬ƽС㣬Ըѩһ˳Ŀ
Ŀô಻˵ѵƽСͲ뾡ľӰһ𣿾ƲЩ˵ѵƽСľӰһԿ
ҵĻԸ˳ĿҲԲԸԼϲ˸Լô۵ġ
ҲЩ̫ԾӣƽСѾľˡӦòҪеع˰˵߻ľӰڣľӰӰȶȿҪĿ˰
ôһ˵ΪʲôͻȻŵıζˣ
᲻ƽСûμĿȴΪȵòòμĿԲŲѩһѡ;˳
ȥƽСòǱ˾ʲô˸ѹ˰ɡ
пܰƽСǩԼ֣ǹֹ˾ƽС㲻ǴĻǴֵǴݼ˵û˵ġ
ƽСڴҰеʱ䣬ȴľӰعǩԼ֮Ҫ˵ûʲôϵҾͰǰļ̸ˡ
ǲϹôõӲȥȥЩ첻ģôİ
ƽСǱȵģǲ˳Ǹûа취˳ľӰòҲǹ˾Ǳ߸ɣ
ҿCPĵĶֵͦģЩıһ֮ԭֵĿcpķ˿Щ̫ˡ
CP˵ľΪƽμĿģȷʵԸ⿴ģҲǾرһ顣
˵ƽμĿԸģȲѵġ
ûа취ѡ˳ľ²ųĿġ
ڶCP۾ˣȴǾۣʵΪĿ̫̫ˡ
ԵĻûļҷ˿ϣԼϲżĿϵġ
ڶԷͲҪμĿعȵ£͸÷˿ˡ
һһУЩԭCP̫˷ܵΨۡ
סԭҪ³˼ѵЩƲǼ٣ȥȷʵеġ
ЩCPۿȥֺúõĿһ¡
Ȼľĵλִʵ£ҲͲȥľȥһЩȥ顣
ǣ˭ܹ֤Ĳᷢأ
Ȼľ޵ķ˿УЩȷʵܹѺõĽCPˣǻһûа취ܵġ
ҲǸͲԸţľ֮ԻμĿΪ˾ıȣΪƽ
ڷ˿θֿ飬ҪǸһ͵ģľһŲ֪ģڿյģβܹƽһٱ


58 
ƽôû뵽, վһ˲䣬ȻǸ˼ҹˡ
ǡľôܻӦûϷƽ۾
ر, ԼǲΪԼ̫˼, Żþ
, Ա߹ʱǵ㻳˲ɢˡ
μӵĿαĻ, ǲܻġ
ľ޺ֻҲμӽĿġ
ƽü, ɫҲЩ̫ˣǵԼһ֮ͻ˳
ľǱߵ, ӦҲܹŵһ, ˭ܹ뵽أ
ľΪ˸Ͻȣƽ뿪֮, ͸ɽܲܰϵϷȼ㡣
ɽ˵, Ҳʲôر׵ҪȻҲûʲôԵġ
ҲΪмĲľ޲Żʱ
ľ޵ĳ֣ҲǴƽ֮ǰİţ֪ľ޻ΪԼμĿҲĻ϶ѩ뿪ʱҲѡ뿪ˡ
ʱƽ֪, ûľ޵ĳ, Ҳ¼뿪
ԭƽ, Ȳ׼ߴյľ, ڿƽɫЩѿʱ
⼱ҴҵСѾӣЩĳ, ƽˣ˰ɣ
ľ˿ڿˮԥСѾӣջƽǱ̽˹ȥѧ㣡
ֱӳȥһܱľޣڿƽĵѹʱ˲Щˡ
֣ĳ˳ƽӡ
СίͰ͵ı飬ƽҲǱѹȥһ֡
һ뵽ľμ⵵ĿʱԼһ¶ûУԭѹȥĻð
ʱЩŭƽȴȫˣľҪ˵Ҳѹûа취ϵ
ֻ˵еŮ˸ûκε԰
ѧ㣬˺òáľקƽӻ˻ΣҲЩعζˣ֪ƽΪʲôˡ
ƽӦԼμ⵵Ŀɡ
֪ƽΪ뿴Լô࣬ľ˲Ͳ֪ôдˣһЦüġ
ƽߵǸЦɵһ͡ˡ
֪ľ֮ԻôĳΪ˼
ѵͲ𣿴ȻǷ񶨵ģ뿪˵ÿһÿһ룬˼ļ尾жȹġ
Ϊץѱѩ뿪ĿʱҲһ뿪ˡ
ûֻûа취Ǹ˵ûа취
ÿҹɽʱֻܿЩ֧Լ
ڿľ޵һ˲䣬ƽԼεĻ㱸С
Լľ̫˼ˣŻԼ˻þ
ܹŵǸϵʱԭһֱģһ˲ͱˡ
ǿĵģһ뵽ľҲҪһĿԿ࣬־ۡ
㰡գƽֻܷ̾ϢϴŵģǶľ޵κͳ硣
ǿƽСǸûа취ֳ̫˰ɡ
ĺǳԣл˾첻Ӱ࣬ȻҶûа취úÿˡ
ľ˹ľ˰ղǿͰ͵ģϣҶ۰
ľӰ󣺡ΪԺӭҵĻǰı˭ܹ뵽ıûУҪӭŵĵѹ
ľӰʵҡ
ҲܹƽСΪʲôĿô࣬϶ҲǲϣľӰμӵġ
ʲô춯صİ飬Ϊ˼㣬Ҳκηˡ
أжˡ
˵ľӰĿɰѹƽСˣңľӰһҾͲˡ
ֻ˵һ䣬ƽСĶʵ㹻ǿ󰡣ľӰܣѾʯ˰
ľʾ
¥ϵѣʵɣľӰעһ
ľӰ󣺡ò𣿾Ͳҷ𣿡
Ҿ÷
ľ޵Ψڿcp۵ЩĻ֮ҲЩģ˶Ҫ³ˡ
ǣǽַڼϵʱȴһβķǸƽ䣬ֺãȥҪж˵ľϡ
Ļ濴ľ˰ɣͻȻã񡭡ôڵÿİ
ʱľȻǲ֪Щԭcp۲ôѺõΨۣѾcpתļˡ
ںƽ֮ľ޳ϷȻһ£ָָ֮ԼϵҲܽĿǱ˼
Ȼ֮ͽԼصˣȻʾƽҲص֮󣬱ƽ
һ񣬽ãľת㽫ƽ˻ƽľ磬˿ȵǻƽζһֱЩҲˡ
ѧ㣬Һ밡ľ޲˲ƽĲû˼̶̵ܹ죬ȴ˼
ֲ˵㲻ܹǼµᣬͲûа취Ƕݵ
ľڿɲ״̬ԵĻҪÿÿ붼ƽߡ
ʱΪƽϵĹҼߵﶼԴԼ
ƽ򴽣ľޱģʲôԼкĲ
ʲôľĿԿ࣬ȫӵɢˡ
ϲˣ֮ԻҲΪԼһ룬͸оΧĿˡ
աˡ
ȥˡ
ˡ
ԡ
ͣͣͣ⻰˵ɲѾȲסˡ
λѣҪ֪ϸһģ֪ûλܹ˵һ¡
˳ˣǵ͵Ѱ
ֻ֪ǽ񣬺ٺ١
¥ϵѣٺټֱжұһúѧϰϵѧӲıٺٸƫˡ
һڿһһͨ׶԰ĳ
ҵԺ߿ԽϸԽãһͨ׶԰ĳҲԡ
ٺ١
ٺ١
ʱ໥ӵˣôû뵽Ǿͽֻǽѡ
˿ԲѾҪȥˡ
ѧ㣬ںԼ顣ľƽҪ¼ڲС
ɡƽɵ˾Լʱ򣬱ֱʡ
ڣѾ֪ĿĻ¼Ҳ֡
ֻ˵ıʹ֪Ҳ֪ȥ⡣
ǡľƽֽ˽˾ǱʩѹҲöǩפαĺԼ
ҹǸ쵰ǾãֱĿץǵš
ЩԼ㻹۰Ͱ͵ƽûסľһۡ
㰡ľίͰ͵ĵҶѾüûˡ
Ҫ¼ڻҸŵĻôһûߵӡ
˵ʱľԽ˵Խί֪ѧǲҵĿԿ࣬ǣĺ㰡
Ҳ֪ҪμĿȷʵðŷյģҲ֪ھ͵ʵأҡ
֪ƽһָľ޵ĴϣʣµĻȫ˻ȥ
ľ⸱ίͰ͵ģƽҲԼЩˣַƽļϣԼתת
ԲҲãҲ̬㲻õġƽԭҺòá
һ¡ľ죬һҾԭ㡣
ľ΢΢ĺ촽ƽĺ˶ʶڿһۣƺҪȷһ£᲻ͻȻ˴
İɣҽ֮ǰǸĿкġľֽƽԼ۾ѧҪǾò˼ǲԼֵġ
ƽЩֵĿľһۣ⽥Ⱦ糺죬ٶȼһľ޵ĺ촽̽Դתһߡ
첻ͻȻЩ˰оԽԽ̣ƽֲ˲Լͷ뽫Լ̵Ķ
ѧҲ̫ûг˰ɡľִ˴ƽҶûҪѧ㷨ʽǰ
ʽĸһľϵͿƲסˣԭֻǶ䷢̣ڣоԼ˶Щˡ
ƽһһֵĴ漷˳
ȻģǵȻҪľ޿ƽֱӽԼǰ
ƽһʶľˣҲ֪̫ڽ˻ô£һˣֱһ͵ˡ
ƽһ¾ֱɻأǰһԭúŵˣѾ˫ۿԼˡ
ƽŤľ޵ĸ첲
Ҿ֪ѧˣԲôҵġľЦü䣬ƽ˫У·ҫ۵ǡ
ƽľеĹһۣľ޵Ļ󣬾ˡ
ЩŭĵľһۣƽҪϵƿ
Ҳ֪ã̫ڽˣȥ֣Щָˡ
˵Ҳǹ𣿡ƽطȥ
˵ַŵĲǵطҲˣԾʱӦøϽջ
˭ֱ֪ӻҪ찡ԼӶûзӦʱֻʶ¡
ĺԼֻ´˴꣬ղţһֶֻץµӣƽԺﲻʱ˵ıĳһͷ
ľգգ۾ƽջȥ֮ŵǿ˳
Ҳġľ޵ЩɳƣѧǲǹģֻҪѧԸ⣬ʱԸ⡣
ľ޽Լǰ˿ıֵĴһ㣬ƽԼĲ⡣
ôܻ⣬޲ֵܹٴһء
ô𣿡ľܽţȴŬԼֵĲôŵģġֿɰġ
ҡ
ľ޸³һ֣µ˱һ˵ĵλ˲ͷ˷ظı仯
ǰɡƽָľ޵ת˸Ȧ
ľ޵˺죬ȴʶĵ˵ͷëŶ˲仯˰
˵Ķԣȷʵеûг⡣ƽ㣬ʽǰɣ㰡


59 
ȵ˴ʱ, ˶ѾʰĲˣվԶĵط
Ҳ֪ڵǣΪǵ, һ, ƽԼ, ȵס
šһľ޵ԼͷĶ䣬ų˹ȥ
ľԼı, ûκεķ
Ҳ֪ԼղŲӦôƽϾڻڲμӽĿ
, ĴӴʱﻹǿ԰, ӶҪȡడ
ʶԼĴ, ˿˿ζֱڶûɢȥ, 뵽ղŵ, ľ޾;ԼЩ
ĿһԼĽż⿴һᣬȵϵȥ֮Ÿ̧ͷ
ľӰòǸƽС㳳˰ɣôоľӰȽϵ䰡
ľ޴֮һֱվԭطĻ䵽ڵУȻҲһЩ̫õ롣
Ҳ, 벻ҪոտĻǿֹͣ
Ҳ, С¿϶Ƕˡ
ǲܵ, ҸľӰʲô, ٺ١
١ٺ١ѲľӰ󷴹ɹˡ
¥ϵĻİ, ľӰܵӣҪɹɲ̫ܰ
Ҫеģһͳɹأһᶨľ
Ϊһľ޻ѱСľľӰǹ֪Ѿҡҡ׹ˡ
cpһң鲻ܷﶼõġ
ȻڹۿĿĹҲ˵ķ˿ǿcpıܡ
ЩھǺĻĵĻȥЩۡ
ǵǽĻص֮ٴȥֱʱȴԼԺ֮вͣһĵĻ
Ҳ֪ǲıЩĻϴˣˣЩҲòĸп
ʱΪֶӶССľ޿ɲ֪ôһʱ䣬ǵcp۾һء
Ϊ¼λαֱὫ֮ǰķάǽĿŮ
߸ձ򣬱⵽λ¼αķԡ
˷ԵҲǷǳһµģΪӦϷ򣬱Źƽ̬ȣ֮ǰķǡ
Լ鱻λαԴǵĸܾˣ󻹰˹ƽ˵ǣùЩ㱡
ıţŮαмαһ·ϵʱмαܹŮαֵһЩġ
Ȼˣ뷨ȫûκβŮԵ˼ҲûκξŮԲԵ˼
ֻԸŮ֮вģûа취ϵġ
ԱԴǵĸܾ֮󣬹˲ͿʼʡǲԼЩ⣬˸о˲أ
ûпħָղŵǸ飬ǻüĴС
ôڵĽĿˣһǵһοħֻı飬ʱֱֻڼαϰ
ò˵ħһ̫ûˣȻ˼ҵCPֱǳ밡
˵ʦܾٶǲе̫ˣҸоľӰܾٶȻҪ찡ҿǱ׼CP˰⻹ôĵȥ
ǰǵľCP𣿲ҪҲš
ľcpЦˣЩCPۻǲ
͸˵ˣǵľCPǼٵģǵľCPġ
о仰ô˵ˣСǰ飬飬ҲʹӲ֤ˣǵľCPģǵľCPǼٵġ
ƨûпһʱǺɫ𣿡
ǿǱǸеäǿ
ʲôϣǻᷢÿ˶Լе
ڿCP·ȻҲһģÿ˶ΪԼĵCPģ϶ԷĵCPġ
ľ֪ڶ۵飬»̲סЦ
˵ˣһʼ˵Ƶ飬Ѿɹ˰
CP۵ҲֳۣĹ֣ʱŬҪ˵ľ޺ĿһԼ֮ǰ顣
֮ǰڽŮֵһʱ򣬹ֲûжԴ
һΪǵ˹ƽһҲΪǵʱҪ¼Ƶĵصɭ֡
ɭ֮вûʲôޣ¼֮ǰҲѾԼαн·߽˴ļɴ˿ȷαľ԰ȫ
ԣŮɭжҲǲʲôΣմڵģɭֶƽ·Ҳ̫
ǳƬɭ֮һҪĵطɭΧһɽˡ
˵ɽ֮ǰҲѾˣҲܱ֤ͽеĶɾˡ
˵һɽɽ·Ҳὥöġ
ô˵иߣɽʱŮ֧ʱܹṩЩİ
˵֮ƻҲҪ˷ֿжģеļƻҲ֮ǰѾ׼õģȻûа취ʱĶ
ԣĲϣľôִҲϣŷƽ֮ǰܹ΢ͨһ㡣
ɹַ֣ô˵˶ҧŽĿҪƽĶԴÿһλα
ľ˵˲ΪĿλͿӽĿĹƽ
⻰Ĺһӵĺߣ벻ˣľΪʲôҧѩμӽĿġ
ľô˵Ҳˣù־ͷ۵Ļᣬ뽫αճһԣȻƽӷһġ
˵ӦþֻкôûκεĻľ޷Ҳˣһֱֵķô°
뵽ԼϽӵǸ绰üģΪ˳CP飬ǹ˾⡣
ȻĻľ޸ûμĿɰ
Ҳ֪ľ޸һ磬ھŮμĿCP˳Ҫľ
ܹģôһ죬ȴ⵽Ӧüͬ˵ļԣùЩͷˡ
˷Ե̬ôɵҲܹµǲԸĿ߳CPġ
ѵڱӣַɢһԼ˼ά
ΪʲôҪӣѲģȻĻҲͲضԳCPôܰ
Ը⳴CPǲΪ˺ڽĿ¶˰ǳ̸ʵ
ԽԽԼ²ģϾ˵ǿCPץʵȫһ顣
ȦӶ̸վЩ̫Ѻõġ
ͨһ֮󣬹ҲǲԸֵһҲпԭˡ
´ʱľޣԴ벻ôһṦڹѾˡ
˵ҪΪջͬǵļ֣ά֮ǰķ顣
ľԸԳĸƽֵһ飬ҲԸԳûвԼ۵CP
أ̫ˣľӰʤˣղſħôᶨ̬ȣΪҵCPҪˡ
ǲܲģħֲˣҵCPҲܱ𡣡
ǿɲûпħָղ˵ҪľӰʦֵһʱҸоǵľӰ׼ߣӸħָһˡ
ҾʣͳľӰղA˵ľٶ治һ𣿱ľĴɪɪ
¥ҪЦˣôͰ͵ķϣҾվһ룬ľɡ
ҲţҲľӰֻӵӡ
ľӰ󣺡ò𣿡
ӣҪЦȥˡ
ѾЦϵ˸ո
ľӰ󣺡ⶼһȺʲô۰
ѵĿǴʱľ᲻ģĿ֣Ҳǹۿֱڶ᲻ġ
ԸԳĸƽֵһ֮ľϵЦݾûʧ
˵ʱϴЦ⣬ʰʱҲЦ⡣
ͷϵ˻ֵʱҲǴЦġ
ƽһԴȷ˷֮󣬾һֱЦɵһľޣĺ˵Լʶɵӡ
ΪԵر˵ˣȻҲֻľһ
ڽֵһӷ˵ҲЩ߼λĵһ
ǰ¼ƣĿҲǽмαһģҲΪ¼ƣӷᵽ˺ԼαһĿ֡
֮ǰ¼ƵʱŮαչˣ߲ʱҪһ·
ҪǱеʱ򣬾ΪʳҲҪżʳ׳
һһ㣬ӷɾԼܹ͵ģǸһֻԼȵ˷ֵһ飬Ǿһ˾رʹˡ
ΪǸʱͲǿ࣬ˡ
ԷҲǸƿһǰ㲵£Ҫ뾡취չ˶Է
֮ǰ㣬ӷɶѾӰˡ
Ծͷ£ʹٿۣʹٲԸҲҪȥչԼĶѡ
ǸмαֵһĻͲȥǸŮαһЩˡ
ٶԷ߲ʱţٶԷûʳ̹Ȼżóʳ
ô˵ΪһˣĻҪеģ˵ԷͱԼҪһĻ͸ܻİõĽİˡ
ڽ뿪֮ӷɻͦ᲻õġ
ϵʱҲƽһرĽμӽĿļαЩʲôˡ
ڿľ޳ֵʱӷҲûԵرļ
ҲûҪȥȶȣ붼ûϣľ޸Լֵһ飬Ϊѣʵվľߵᡣ
ֻᵽĿܹףһ׵ĶѣһҪԼչ˵ĶѣһôҸ顣
ٶڵӷ˵CPȶ飬ȫȥǵģֻҪĵ¼⵵Ŀ
μ⵵Ŀӷ˵ĸ£Ҫ̤̤ʵʵһһӡǰС
ҲѾˣȲμĿ֮ͲôżҪȥԼȥˡ
ʵʵȥ֣̫ЩڱĶˡ
ʱӷɲ֪ʱ̬ľڲõĽ貵δ
δ֮УṩģҲΪཻ̫ľ޺ƽ
ǺˣҲᣬӷɵĳ£ľ޴ʱɵһ˷״̬
ҲͲô̫ˣԱߣһϲɫĴ
ܵǸ˸߲ҵģ·ڹ갡
Ȼģٸʦֵһ飬ܵҲ֮ǰôˣȻˣҲ˵ľӰʦãұ簡סֵԼ
˵ӷھ⼸ڵ¼֮ҲۻһСķ˿
Ǹľ޺ƽķ˿Ǿֻǲ׺һȫġ
˿ԼżͬʱҲἫıȥǷ˿ͻ
ͿԽ絽˷˿
ǿɶǽģ˵ˣƽСܹľӰֵһ飬ǲ֪ж࿪ء
ǰѾȲҪˡ
εͬˣĻȻҪúðˡ
ȻҲǣǣһЩģľӰƽСϣ˵ǲЩ̫Ѻð
ʵҲͬĵģղħǰִҪŮ飬Ҿ͸о׼Ҫ˰
ӦáⲻɣȻĻħҲͬɡ
֮󣬷˿̲סʼԼżˡ
Ϊһֱ׷⵵ĿˣȻҲ֪ħһôû޵ˣɲôģαҲѾڽĿָʾ³ˡ


60 
Ŀ˵һνɭֵİ, αֿѡͬ·ɽ
ڣüαǩҪѡ·ߡ
Ϊľ޵ķ鲢, Թֱȡ˳ǩĻ, ǽ·֮бȽϺߵһ·߸ľ޺ƽһ顣
·, һǼϵصĶ飬ܹõĿ齱һٱкз
һĻ, ΪǵŮһ飬һԭ
ջǽߵ·߷ָӷ, ȽϺߵһ·ߣָƽľޡ
ֻĿĺܶలŲǰ, ȻĻ, ĻЩûа취ճˡ
α˵ЩȻҲǲ֪ġ
ľ뿪Ӫ֮, ԼıóһƽС
ѧ, ȳԵ㶫ɡϣľƽһΪ˸˵Լ飬һ뽫Լʳָƽ
׷ֱҲ֪α˵ǳԱ, ܹжӾѾܲˡ
ǽ֮, һЩĿ, ľ޲ûаԼ뷨ƽӡ
ƽûоܾľԼе, ǽм˺һ룬ʣµһľ޵С
ҲԵ, ǽ֪Ҫ߶೤ʱء
Ҳľʶľܾ
ţƽƮƮһľĽеգһ˫޹۾ƽ
ƽ۽ЩΣҲЩЦֽԼˮ򿪵ݸľޡ
Сһ㣬ҭˡ
ٺ١ľ޽£ӹˮһڣղ˵һＯϵĶ飬ǽĿǱ߰ʳҾǻǿȡһµġ
ȻϲûôϢãľ޾ԼľǷǳʢġ
һ·֮ߵ·߲ߣӳڣҲֻϹһСб¶ѡ
šƽ˵ͷ᲻ΪһＯϵĶ顣
ƽȥȡĻᣬľߣɲϣľԼǰһ
ÿ춼ڰ״̬лʳҲҷſȥԣܹõʳĻڣǷǳбҪȥȡһµġ
˵һϣһûа취ǰȵġ
ȡȡһ¾ͷĻƽҲǻ÷ǳĵġ
ֻһ˵ĻƽǲȥΪԼģڡ
ƫͷһߵˣƽҲüᶨһһν٣Ҫľ޳Ա
Ƕ¼ƽĿļα˵ǶڹۿֱĹ˵ɽ·ʵǷǳȤͿġ
Ȼαֱڿתܻһ飬ĸ·ڣҲùڿʲôʵĻ
ҲΪʳÿһα̫˰ɣľ޺ƽһżЩС״֮⡣
˸·ڸ··ϵʱ򣬶֮ҲǲôģҲΪ˽ʡӲ˷ѿˮɡ
Ͼڳ֮ǰĿѾǰ˵ˣˮԴֻڼϵУǴϵˮȷʵҲʡʡ
ҲαǱߵֱڣЩ氮ۻڼֿ֮⣬󲿷ȫӿľ޺ƽֱڡ
Ͼα·ĿĻߵֱɾ˼ˡ
ľ˾ľˣոջôԴǣھ͹ɵֻè
ľӰҲ˰˵ٶȣѾﵽĳ̶˰
ҷ·ľӰϿԼӰ
ȻľӰȷʵˣⲢͷѽһ£ƽСּܹأ
ѹһëǮҲƽСܹһӡ
ѹһǮҲƽСϾҪƷˡ
ͦƽСģôľӰ޹ҿ¼ֵġ
ľӰͰޱȿҸоԼĶҪˡ
Ҫûһޱǿ࣬ôܹ¼˵ǹ
ҾľӰӦûģϾǰƵҲܹóľӰϲģҲ˵ĵǷǳõġ
äľӰСʱ϶ҲǸƤĺӣǷǽ֮ӦáҲٰɡ
Ҳ˵İһͲҾﻹǷΪãһʲôǿɾ͵òʧ˰
ޣޣҪ˵ô˵Ļ
ǣľӰǾԲܻȥûаյġ
ԣҲľӰȥäĿ顣
Ҿ̫ˣƽС̫ˣôѡѰ
ǰ̫ˣŶǸһ˫ˣƽԼ̫ˡ
黹ҪǿµҰԽԽߵʱ˵
ȻѾ˵һĽĿô˭ûа취֤ɽ߾ͲһЩ߰Ķ
˵µҰԽԽߣǻ⡣
ľޱȥһĹ̽·
һƫ·ߣˣ˭뵽أƽƫ·֮ǰû뵽
ֻҸӵǣȴһرʢĹ
ڹï֦֮ܵ䣬ϡܹȭͷСĹӣǻƳȳȵĹӣһۿȥ̲סʿˮ
Ϊ⼸һֱûгԹҪӵƽ˵һƳȳȵˮʶľ˿ڿˮ
Ҳ֪Լı£ʲôģóģҲܹġ
ľȥͲƽĿǷΧ֮ڣһĹӡ
Ҳ㹻ĳֹʱҲֻʹˡ
ƽѾڿǷˣľǱȴǲԸġ
ǿˮܹάصˮƽѾûгԹˮˡ
ȻڿܹԵĶôܻԸŹأ
ľߣ׼ȥժӵʱĺֱӾͱƽץסˣ˻ûпأֱӱ˻
ѧ㣡ľʶĻͷȥӳľƽںڵɫ
ʲôƽЩ̫ãɫҲ쳣ѿ
ժժӰԭӦֱ׳Ļðͱرûе
ľüģһͷ۵ĵ⸽һңû㹻֦֮Ķ
ǲСľʶķôߣҶȥùӵĻĹӿ϶ͱˤϡˣʱܲܳԶǸ⡣
ʳȱһӣȻҪúõժȻ󱣴Ϊ֮׼ˡ
ʲôƽһһֵĴ漷˳׼ȥժ
ǡǰȻЩ㣬ľ޺ԲԼļ֡
һˮڵ˵ǿǺöԲˮ֣ҪܹӰ
ЩˮںУûа취õʳҲ̫ڰ
ѧ㣬ЩˮǶʱûʳˮԴҲ̫ڵ˰ľͼ˵ƽ
УҲͬ⡣ƽôܻ᲻֪Щˮ˵ζʲô
Ǻľ޵İΣЩʲôأôߣƽôܻľȥ
ѧ㣬㻹֪ҰҲͿŸߣʵܺġȻĻѾܶûиɹˣľ޾Ӧò
⣬ΪЩˮԼҲӦȥһ¡
Уǲͬģİɣ붼롣ƽƿߣԼȥľСһĿģ
ѧ㡣ľ޳Ա˼һνƽ߷Χұ֤Ҿͳһ£òҾԲԼ˵Ŀԡ
Сƽǽҧزɿڡ
ѧ㣬棬㿴ִԲƳȳȵģһرóԣĿ¼ҲҪһˡ
Ǹֲǲ֪ǾԲܻṩˮ֮Ķġ
ùǲûܹҵԳԵĶˣһ°ɡ
ľ˵Ż˿ڿˮһԼЩĿ
У̫Σˣǰߣ˵ҵĶƽЩǱƿߡ
ԼԲĵ׷ǰԼܡ
ͺˣڷʱľǸֵһģڿŹʱ򣬾ͲΪˡ
ǰڽĿ¼ҲҪһµʱˣ֮ʱҵ㹻ʳ
ڣѾ˺ܳʱˣץʱ·
г˵Ŀǵòһ͵òĿṩʳ
ڷζľҪһ𰤶ƽ˵һǳѵľ
ѧ㣬Ҿһ£ľһ£Ҿͻ̷Բٴ⣬ұ֤ǾԲԼ˵ģң𣿡
ľ֪ƽڵԼЩ棬Ҳ
˵ûǸȥժҲˣȻôܹԼŹأ
Сһ㣬оˣĶĿٲˣҲüα
ҧҧƽջѡЭֻϣľ޲Ҫ̫ڳǿˡ
İѧ㣬һСĺСĵġľؿڣ˵㳯Ŵ˹ȥƽһ͸ˡ
ƽ̧ķҧҧ׷ȥŴǸӰĶ
սȭͷ˴ǣ۾һգգضǸӰһ춼ûҷ
㼸궼ûˣľٶȻǷǳģûһ˽ĵط
Լ辵룬ȻԼıȡһһ֦ϡ
򿪣ľԥһ£µ˿һۣѧ㣬Ավһ£ҽĶȥ
ղƽָ֮ıˣĶûüͳ
ץˡƽ˼ľôߣǿİϰµġ
ûµѧ㣬Ͼˣģ˵Ǽҳ㷹ǰǾġ
ľ޽ĶȫͳӵƽԶĵϣץһִԲ棬ЦǺǵķŽ˱
ȻѾµľӰСʱӦֻùͷĺӣľӰٶȣֱ̾Ϊֹ
·ǧٴεֻܴһţư
˵ѸòӰɡ

òһӰ󣬱ѶģľӰѾȻΪ
Щ棬ļûκεʳӦҲ˶ˡ
ͷ˿ҲûмɣҾľӰֿɿ
˵ģղſƳγεʱͦΪǸеϧġ
֮Ҳֻ뱦ɽֹˣ˭ܹ뵽أľӰһ绢Ĳֻ׷ƨɺ˵ˡ
ǣϣժժĲֺľӰ¿һƽС㶼ʯ˰
ľϴ˶೤ʱ䣬ƽͷ˶೤ʱ䣬һ㶼ûожôܡ
ֻ۵ĶǸͣƶӰʲôΪֱҪעһ㡣
ʲôץǵİѱƽֻװľһ飬ͱ֪ĸȥˡ
ϵľƶһվµƽ̲סƶһ
еʱƽʶ̧˫֣ƺǺľ޴ϵ
Ҳúõһ룬ľĴϵˣС첲СȵģôܽӵסԷأ


61 
Ȼ뽫һȫ, ǿǵ˵ĸأľջѡ˷һ֡
ժ֮ľһϸ֦ýŽȶ, ׼·̽·
㿴, Ҿ˵û°ɡһĵĿԼ, ľЦеĸչʾԼĳɹ
ƽĴǲûΪľ޻ɣԷ˫ȵ̤ڵϣǿŵˡ
ǡָҿƽľ, ôá
ѧ㡣ľץűֻʶĽ˽ƽɫ, ΢΢̾˿
ѧ㣬ûµ, һС˶ѡľһ˵, һ߹۲ƽɫ
ԷɫûΪԼĻаַ, ջĽԼֻʱ˵˳ȥ
һС˶, ܿͻõģ㿴ǰʱҲᾭ𣿡
ľͼóԼǰҲᾭ˵飬ƽҪ̫һơ
ƽûпҧ´ľѪƣۿĵĺˡ
ѧ, ǲ˵Ƥ, һ㶼۵ġƽһԵģ, ľЩ޴롣
뽫Էϸĺһ°, ǵһֱĿ
ջǿסˣֻһһĸ߶Է, Լһ㶼۵ġ
ȻƽһֱͷҲԷʱ飬붼룬ۿ϶Ǻ˰ɡ
ľЩڣȴۣڸղʱôļĻͲˣҲôѹˡ
ƽûľޣǽԼıȡ淭ַҪҵһܹľ޴˿ڵĶ
ֱ˸׳죬ҲûҵҪҵĶ
һ̣ƽޱʹԼܣǰεУһһСƿƾ
ǵʱʱòģѡ˷ѡʳ 
ڣƽǺԼһƣô;þƾͲǱƷأ
ѧ㡭ľ뽫Լֳһƽ̧ͷһۡ
΢΢ۿľ޺һϣ۵Уѧ㡭
졣ƽЩװͰ͵ģǸʱҲǱˣŻŶԷԲ˵Ĺ
ľӣȻƽ⸱װͰ͵ģֿɰģڵɲǶԷˣʵʵıԼ졣
оľӰǸ˿ͦ˵ģоһƤȫûˡ
ղƽС̧ͷʱҿۿء
ղſƽС㽫Լıȫڿյʱ˾Щۺᰡ
ҿƽСղһֱǼѹɣڿЩʱ򰡣Ƕôĺڰ
ΪЩһֱ׷ֱĹȻҲ
ƽеǼѹɣƾõʳ
ǲƽεĺں𣬶Ѿ飬˭ûȥıˡ
ԥһ£ƽһֽԼˮֽմʪĽľĵĻҳһ¡
ªҲûʲôĶֻ򵥵Ĵһ£ȵ˼ϵ֮˵ˡ
ѧ㣬㳢档ƽһУɫ΢úôһ㣬ľ޲Ÿ졣
ľǷСԼģƽһᣬѸٵͷ
ӹľ޵ݸԼǿ棬ִıһߵԱȥϴ
ʲôľʲôûôΣյ飬ҲΪ
ǽأŶԷĺã˦ɫĹ˰ʲôʸ˦ɫ
Ϊ־ᶨͬľȥôΣյ飬ôܻأ˵˵ȥҲ
ȴĴǸľһǡ̫˰ƽһϴ棬һǴԼ
һ㣬ľ޶ȥôΣյ鰡ľް
ѧ㣬涼챻ϴͺˡľƽ߶
ƽƤһ٣Աߵˮһ£еݸľޡ
ľ޽ҧһڣһȥľޱ۾Ƥ֭࣬ˮ
Ҳ֪ΪһժģԲžرóԡ
ҰӣȷʵҪ˹ֲĺó̫ˣľ޾ͦóԵġ
ٵȥľ붼û룬㽫Լҧһڵݵƽߡ
ѧ㣬쳢ܺóԵġ
ľҧǸȱڣƽʶľ޵ĴתһȦ
ջߵʱȴǾԼеҧһڡ
һԼвûбҵ棬ľ޵һĨʧ䡣
ܿ㽫ĨʧһڴĿƽǲǺ𣿡
ŶԷеСţƽЦЦץľ޵ҧһڶԷ档
ľգգ۾Щ㶣һ룬бЦ⣬˲١
һ㡣£ƽ̵³֡
𣿡ľ޿һԼе棬յƽҧһģܿЦĵҾѧ𰡡
ƽֲŪһ۶ߵĳеҧһڣûע⣬Լղҧĵطþľҧġ
ƽһһϵĺ촽ľ޺˶֮Ѹٵͷݺݵҧһе档
Ŷľ޺ݺݵؽ棬·Ǹṩˮֺͱе棬ʲôһ㡣
̫˰ľ޾Լ̫˰ΪʲôֻܿŰѹ
ľһ߽棬һΪԼһᣬǶôǿ󰡣֮û̧ͷƽһۡ
ҲˣСҲ̫˰ɣСԵ氡ԵǵľӰ󰡡
ۣ¥ϵ侲һ㣬һƼĳٺ١
ˣҿǶ˰һ˵һ䣬ľcpġ
ľӰҲܻõĺòãղǵơ
ǡǴʲôֻȥ˸ΪʲôоԼһڣֻԡ
ʲôʲôôأѲҸǲһʱգʧˣ
ֵܽǣcpҪʲôԲղŵǸ棬ʺԲ



ҿǷˣǻ˿ѣǾԲǣҪ˯һǡٺ١
¥ϵе°ңҵԲͲô֪ûλԲһ¡
˰ɣرϲ£ԽϸԽá
һ
Ӷ
֤š
СôǶҪǡ
ȣܵԲǹ󣬴ҶǳˣöĻǶ
ûϵǿ˽ģܿңҳԵġ
һңҲԣһο𣬿̿ҪҶС
أأﲻҪġ
ʲôܳǺóɶҲǣҪɶ
ҴʶǸɶҵʼվֻгһ£ܣĲǿ𣿡
΢һĻ⣬˺ʱԽԽƫĹˡ
ҲҺľ޺ƽ֪ȻĻ˵Ҳᱻˡ


62 
Ϊ·Ѿ˷˲ٵʱ, һ϶ûʲôˡ
ٴγʱҲͲ֮ǰżˡ
ѧ㣬ʵһٶ౳ġľǣƽһָֻ, һ߻һ߶
ô涼ƽƮƮ, ȴɹľޱ졣
ʼԵǼ, ʣ˶ʮ棬ľ뱳һģƽ˼һ¾Ϳˡ
ƽôܻӦľô, ƽļ£һ˱һ롣
ľ޲İ, ƽ֮󰲾˼ӣֳ˵ƽָԼˡ
һദȳҲг, , ɾûôõˡ
Ȼÿһ϶еͼҵͼҲߵ·ߡ
õĵͼ, ɲǽɭ֮ǰõرϸĵͼ
Ȼûʲô, ã΢ƫһ·ߣߺܶԩ·
ľ޺ƽһ飬õõ·ߣнĹ΢ƫ˵·ߣҲʲôر鷳顣
ӷһ, ɾûôõˡ
Ȼߵ·, Ǿζ·, ϶һЩϰ
Ȼʼʱкܶɽ·, Ϊ˶ǲġ
һʼ㴦ȵλıһ, Ǻ˲һɽ֮󣬾һ⡣
ǡҪ·𣿡Щԥ˿Ѿб̫Щò⡣
Ҫѡ·ĻǾͱصһɽͷѡǲ·ǽһߵС·ҲЩġ
ȻָߣⲢͲ°ôߵ£һСġ
ȻҲ֪ԼԼԼǺ¾Ǻ£ͦԼġ
ĿCPģCPûпҲˣҪôΣյĵطǣˡ
·ɡеĵͼϣӷ¶˾ģ˵ųҲãûҲա
ֽһߣ߻µС·ûκεıʩԼĲС
ȻҲͦõһõĿṩĺз
ǸԼСȵĻԵĶҲԵòôҪˡ
ǾΪ˰ȫǶߵ·Ҳֵõġ
ѡ˲ȥðյһȴѡڳԣȻǱߵľûôѾˡ
ǵû·£һ·Ĵӡ
Ŀ˵ĻǲȥŰļĺҲЩ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱܹＯϵһֱڽʡˮԴǣʱ˿̾Եеɵˡ
Ŀ鵱ȻϣԽԽˣôܻ˵ʵضϴ˰
ʱĺˮеģ䲻ڴ̹ǣСһ̲סս
ǻ·ɡӳȥʯͷûӰ̾һ֪Ŀ϶Ҫġ
ĶǸĻܹҪԷԼŴʹȥ
ǡŮĻ治֪⻰Ӧô˵ڡ
ιȥɡ
һ£ΪԼղһСİﻰ˵ˡ
ʦӾ𣿡ķӦΪǲӾӾĻʹȥȷʵһΣԵġ
һŮӣҲûŶԷιȥ
һӾıЩӣ˭ĵأû뵽
ȻദѾﵨͦģιȥҲЩ̾簡
ǾʹιȥɣҾιȥ֮Ӧþ뼯ϵ㲻Զˡ
һ˷ܵĵҾýĿôˣҲǴʪ·ܼСʱ·ɡ
ص²⣬һʼҲ뵽˵ģԷιȥ飬ӦȻͬġ
ϾһʼҲ뷨ģֻڶԷǸŮӣû˼ڡ
ǵıʱ򣬳ԥˡ
Ҫǻѡ·ɣȻߺܶԩ·ٻᰲȫһ㰡
ҹǸ˰ɣĲԳȥ²⣬˭֪Ǵιȥ֮󼯺ϵ㻹жԶأ
ʦڵҰɡЦۣˮȻеˮġ
˵ˣĿĲ׼ˣǲǻбõ·𣿾û·
ľȡļҲõͦˣʦĲõҵģҡ
Щ˼ЦЦһǺܲĿķеģ鷳
Ҳ϶Ҳ˸ͬ鷳ѡ·Ļڹȥ϶ǵһＯϵĶ顣
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣҪѡɾЩΪˣȻǾðһհɡ
ô˵˼СﶼѾѻ˵ˣҪ˵УǿɾЩ˰
˵ģʱദǴͷβĵ߸˳֪
˭ܹ뵽أһȥεεС󣬻³Կࡣ
⼸¼ƹУǲֹһεĻɣǲǱʲô˸ء
ʱѡˮĲð
СӵʱΪǸɿɰڼСãμĿ϶ֲ˼죬˭ܹ뵽أ벻Ǽˣô¡
ҵѽĻҶ䰡Ŀһ£ӻͦġ
ϣĿһܹе֪Ǵιȥ֮󣬾뼯ϵ㻹мСʱ·̡
ħҪ֪ͲħˣһϣһܹˣСúͳʦ˰
ˮ϶䰡ۡ
ۡ
Ҫ˵ݻǽĿݰմʦСܵǱ߹һָʿ˵Ǹҿһ۶òˡ
ȻǸ¿һ·˵ҺǷˣûѡԡ
ǰߵĺͬ¿ȥףһȿˡ
˵ô˵Ļ
ҾýĿ̫ˣѡЩ·ߣ˾ҪαƸԶ·ʦǱߵ£ߵĺ
ôһľӰǱߵ·Ӧɵġ
ɣǺǣֻ˵̫棬˵ûºͺĻľӰǱߵ·ȷʵɵġ
·ĻľӰǱ߲·Զһ·


ǰɣҿľӰǱ߼ûʲô谭Ҳû̫·ΪôȥӦûǵһＯϵˣڿ̫𣿡
ħֻôΪĿĺзôóԵѽ
̫ˣȻħܹżķһˣ̫˰
ڹֵ⣬ھһͽ֮
ȻҲˣֻһ˾֪˻Ǿ·һѡðһԡ
ƽľһ飬ʹȷʵǲ˽ĿҪǲͣԶ·⡣
ɳ˰սĿĵͼ֮⣬Ҳ̫ƫͼϵĴ·
ϾڰյͼߣҲֻƵԶ·ƫ˵ͼϵ·ߣ˭֪Ƶʲôطȥ


63 
ľӰ, ʦҲǴˮģ˴ʪ·ӪصʱظϽӻվ
ǡľҡҡͷ, ǵˮˡľһ˵һӪشõȥ
Ǹǵ, ȥʪ·˰ɡָһźɫС
ллľ޵л, ƽ˹ȥ
һ˵ıӰ»صľӰղ˵, ǲСĵˮˡ
ԣǽĿǰ׼ýԭ˰, Ҳ֪ʦʲôʱܵ
һȺĽ̾һ
֮ǰ², ι֮, Ҳ˲ʮӵ·̣㵽˽Ŀָļϵ㡣
ֻҲСʱ, һֱûмˡ
ҲµӦ˸ͬ鷳, ֻǱѡ·
ڿľ޺ƽʪĳӪصʱػЩȵġ
ֻ֪ǲСĵˮѡ˸ͬðշʽ֮ػЩ鸴ء
ôˣɽ·϶ߡеĽ£Զһۡ
Ҫ˵, ǲõһ˰ɡ
Ŀ, ֱ̫˰ľ޽Լѵ, ûסԼҪȥǴĿġ
ʱصոպǸʱ, ժ֮ص˵ͼϵ·ߡ
Ϊ찵֮ɽ·ҲЩ, ʹпõֵ磬Ҳûа취յԶĵط
˵ߵʱ򣬽µҰݶѾϥǸˡ
Ҳֻƾеľ̽һ̽Ұ֮ûʲôóֵĶ
֮ǰߵĺúõģһ·֮ҲһƬû̫ӲݵĿյء
ȻھƬյֵ֮ҰݴĲݵأΪ֮ǰѾ߹·ˡ
ҲѾû̫ˣ˭ܹ뵽Ҳʱء
һȥɣȷʵûвȵʲôӦòȵĶһŲȿյȥʱǸоҲǲô
Ȼǵ˺ǵ£һǸʱ飬ľһŻ޴й
ѧ㣬˵㡭ôô졣
ľ뵽ԼֻǱԹĹƽѾ·ˡ
뵽ԼղŴʲôľǻڲ
ղŽʱҿǱаĽӦǽĿ׼ģ㻻·͸Ͻ
ľ޵߼ԼջǶ·ϣƽ˺죬ټĽԼʪ·װ
ȳȥˣҲϽ
ѧ㡭ƽĶӵıӰʲô˶ûռľޣر𲻸ĵԼ
ãƽոջܹ࣬õˡ
ڻûнʱ򣬾Ѿڽ׵Ŀˡ
ڽ֮󣬳ľûע⣬ƽܹﵽٶȽԼʪ·ȫˡ
ڻ·ʱرľ޻תͷԼ
ڻ·ʱƽоԼ඼Ҫˡ
Ǻڹ̻˳ľ޵עȫǵˮǼϡ
Ҳǲ˵ƽڷľޣֻ֪һӣеʱǸһͷǣҲƲס
ƽʱҲˣڱϾ¼ƽĿҲʲô˳ŶԷ
һΣֻҪǳɣǵ˺ߣ˵ľˣЩƲסԼˡ
ŪһԼĳƽһЩ߰뷨ȫ˦˳ȥ
ǰȫĵ˼ϵص㣬ܹˡ
ղˡ
ղ˰ͻȻʹֱʧˣҺһͳˣȻĻҪˡ
ĿһǲЩ̫ˣղҲҰҪ
һŲȿǵ˺ǸأĿ𣿡
̫ˣҪƼαİûǲҪٳˡ
һλûгʲôȻĻǲ󰡡
ۿĿĹڻ϶Ϊľ޺ƽǽĿ׼ƼαĻ֮һ
ƽΪһεȫȫǸ⣬ǽĿĹ
ʦľӰ󣬿ȵ㽪ůůӡس֡
ллӹ룬˵л
ľӰʦôˮأ˵ˮ飬ػͦġ
̫ˣ·̫ߡƽڡ
ԭһΪǸͬءؽ˵˳
ԭľüΪ֮ǰˮһֱʪ·ֲġ
ľȻΪǵˮǽĿ鰲ŵģڻ·˽֪ض˵
ľԼҲ֪ˣ֮ǰˮӦǸ⣬ǽĿƻڡ
Ŀ鰲ŵ·ҲôȫóʱҲⰡ
Ȼû˵ѣǽĿǵ·һֱȦӡ
ľ޽Լе£ӣȻ˽֮ůˣǹĽҲöӱЩ̫
Ƕ˰ľ޵СƽȻҲǿˣ뿪˵ͱԶߡ
ʦСܵܣЪһᡣ˻Ҳվȥǽϵı
ˣҾҿҪˡڼ˵İߵֱ֮˵ϣһֻнûгӡ
·˰ɡһ˵
תͷһۣǰĿ˰ҶҪΪԼ߲ء
ȵȣղ˵·ѵҲǣ
ǰص˵ͷһӣӺ֮û߶Զ͵ϵˣʦʲô
¡üģһ߶µĵط
£𰸻ü˶ЩŵˣĿҲ̫˰ɣҾǲԴС
ӵľߴ˴գľӰǸô
ľϿһֱֽ̧ۣԼϵصˣԥһ£Ҳصľ޵ΧΧ
ô˰󰡣Һ֪˵ʲô
Ҿǿ϶˵ôƽĿ飬α̫ˣҾͲ˵ˣҸоľӰǻԴе˰
ƽĿЩ̫ʵһǺڴǻô
ڵǺ뿴ħڵɫȫαչ֮ǰ϶ûɡ
ͻȻħЩ
ϣԺԶһ㣬𿴼αģҸϲħֱαĥ
Ϊȫαһص󣬹α˵ʲô˵ӦǸֱ¹ˡ
ȴһ㶼ûоòһ²Ĳ²żαǲ׼ĿԿˡ
ڿαһֵ̣ɫˣϾҲ˯ʱ䣬ڵķӦûеļңҲ˿
ֻ֮󣬿ĻϵЩ²⣬־;ͷۡ
ڵһοľޱʱǾ벻һ죬ľ޻ʹαҲһ
˱֮һ֪˵ЩʲôĻ棬۽ǿǲļչɣ
ôأ־ԼǱЩĻƫˣֻǽ飬ǽĿȷʵŲжΣҲֻ취ֲһˡ


64 
ǲ̫ڱˡص֮, ľ˵Ҳû˹˼ɣǼ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ǽ˵Щʲô
ľӰ˼ǡ˲, һرϲðյˡ
ҲһϲŮ, ȻĻ, Ҳ֮ѡǩ˳פαĺԼ
ӽĿǶ·߾ܹĳ˲ٵԩ·
ľ޻صԼı˳, ͳ˵ͼȦƽ߹ĵط
һʼǵƫ·߻·, ҲĻʲôõ飬Ҳ֪֮ľˡ
˵ʲô, ˵˽Ŀ滮·Ҳȫ
ڽˮ, ʹ֪ǽĿĹȻľ޾ùڻ
˵ƫ·֮ҵ˳ԵĶ, ͸Ӽᶨľ޲ٰսĿ滮·ˡ
쿪ʼ, ˾Ҫһжˣֻƽ˵ĻľȻǻѡĿ·ߣٲôĲȷԡ
ôȻҲΪ˰ȫһж, ໥֮Ӧ, ǿðһԵġ
˵ƫ˽Ŀ滮·֮, ǻܹҵԵĶ
֮Ϊ˲, ľҲһԵıҪġ
ľӰ˼ǣͲҪսĿ滮·ˣ̽Եʵ
šľ޵˵ͷ, Ŀ滮·߿ưȫʵҲкܶı׶˵ġ
ǱصΣҲͲ˵ˣ·ܹԵĶҲǰˡ
ȷʵǡؽһ䣬ɽܹԵҰӦͦģǽһˣʲôû
Ҹѧƫ·֮һľ޽Լȫ˳
ĿΪǶӣ϶伫ģǰǹ滮·ߡ
ǾֻܱĵõĿҪǵõʳǿ϶Ǽҳ㷹ˡ
ľһ˵ţһ߽ƣǳ滹ͦóԵġ
ڿʱ򣬼˵۾ˣ¼ôõĽĿˣһˮƤûм
ȻҲ֪ʳȱԵ˵Ĵǲõģ˵һֱǼϿ۶۲
𲻺˼ժͦģҲǴǼŵġ
żſˮȴ˼ȥõӣľֱһһţҪò˼ҵʱ򣬶һͺˡ
Ǿô˵ˣľʦʱɲҪܾҲ࣬ϲ˲ֱҧһڡ
óԡὫ£ͳóԵ棬ҲҪͬľʦ顣
Ҳ̸ͬһ䣬⼸ǱˣҪŽĿӣҾЩˡ
̸Ĳˣƽվ
ѧ㣡
ȥһ¡ƽС
áľɿƽ䡣
ߵһξ֮ƽԼ󣬡ҪĶʲôʱ͹
Ѿ˹ȥˣиӲ͵ˡһ¾룬ֲһ䡣
ллƽлֽصˣصӪ֮͸ϵһ¡
һԼҪɴҩƷ飬ƽҪһʳ׼ˡ
ȴû뵽һξȻر˵ûʳｻ顣
رˬ˵͹ȥҩŵĻ
ڹֵĴȺˬ죬ƽЩţϾħֵĳƺɲǰ׽еġ
ȻȷʵĿеϵǲСĻռ˺ܴĳɷֵġ
Ͼɽô󣬽ĿҲ¾ȫеΣնų
˵Ȿһ͵ĽĿһΣնûеĻҲЩ̫ʵġ
ԣĿ˦ͦ׵ģһôģ˲òɣĿǲ׼ˡ
һΣƽԩˣ˵ڻ·ûеˮĻ
ƽҪҩ֮ĶӦҪĥһƤˡ
Ϊ֮ǵˮ飬ù־ûа취ҩȥΪƽˡ
Ȼľ˲ǽĿĹȷʵȦ·ϳˡ
ϣǽĿŲɱΣҹҲе㵣ģľ޵ƻڱĺˮ¶񻯣ƽҪҩʱ򣬲ŻԵôˬ졣
ôʵҲҪαǱ߻һ¹ϵǹҲû뵽ƽٶȻô졣
ƽ˵ȻαǱߵǽĿȫаġ
ƽһλص˼˵УЩͷ۵üġ
ֻϣĿߵʾãܹüα첻Ҫʲô۶ӡ
ƽСٶȺÿ찡ôоħֵĻû˵갡
Ǻǿ϶ĺðɣҸҴƱħڿαһ֪˵Щʲôʱ򣬿±ǻҪż
ھ뿴ħڵһʲôı飬ôͲھͷ߳أ
ǰɾҪˣһǵĺġ
Ȼͬܺħڵı飬ҸӺĻǼαߵ˵ʲô
ھرڴڶܹ㵽
Ҳǣ뿴αʲôϵ
ܼαߵ˵Щʲôٹǲܻ֪ġ
Ǽȫɹʶ֮󣬽ĿɹҲˡ
ΪһʵֱĽĿԽĿһǲȥαġ
ʱ򣬽ĿαǻᱣһľģȻ벻̫ԶҲ̫
ľӰʦڽ췢飬Ŀ˵Ǹ
췢⣬ȷʵǽĿǰڵ׼òϸŻλʦ顣
Ŀɹһ۾һͷ̷ȥ˹˹ĵ
˵ʱٺ˵Ҳرº̬ͣҲϣֺ׾øе͡
˵ĿҲȷʵռһΣԼСģҲҪеһֵΡľЦЦ
˵ǹ֣ô˵ǻﰵԷ䡣
ΪһԹˣȻԽĿҲὫԼĲй޹Աϡ
ллľӰ¡ЦЦԷûΪ˼Ҳ˿
ʵ·ϣѾ֪⼸λα飬֮ǰһֱЩĵġ
ҪƽľߵȷʵǽĿĹôƱ綼ûôġ
ֲ˵˸ͬԼѡӺιġ
ǽĿҲǼαԼѡ˵£ڵǣһ⣬ΪǽĿǰڹĲλŻᷢ⡣
ôģǽĿĹصһ롣
Ļ϶Ҳǻǳŭģ֮ǰѾ˽ܼαŭ׼ˡ
ǶԷûΪûУϾڱ״£Ƿ𣬹Ҳǿġ
ȻҲõԼ裬˵Ǹ²õӡ
Էô˵ССľһ£֮뵽ǶǱȽעԼĸġ
ԶڶԷûзΪҲͲôˡ


65 
λʦһĽ˵, ӱͳУݸغͳ
쿼ǵλʦ˸ָⶼˣԽǽĿṩˡ
ͳһһķ, ˵ı, ûΪԵĶжôġ
෴, ÿһ˵ﶼ˾裬Ŀôǲŵġ
ǴЩᶼѾǸ˰ɣľ䲻ðһ䡣
һ, еķж㱻˳ȥľӰ˵Ц, ǲġ
ȷǴЩ沢ûиǼϣ˵˷ǳ, ǽĩ֮ĶӷҲһ䡣
˵ڷ˺ܶܶ, ǳԲȥ֣Ҳһ䡣
ûмκεĶλʦ, Щ˶, ûǵĵЩڡ
Щ⣬ĶҪ̲ס䷢ˡ
ôôأôģ
ӷɱеķУԵúǳɣĶܵǽĿı
ұ֤Щ˾ûκε⣬λʦòĵĻ, ҿÿһ¸λʦġ
Ϊ˲ٻɷʲô, ò²ߡ
αŽĿ, ҲûʲôñԹ, ĻҲԽĿ鱧о֮ĵġ
ֻڱǸ˱, 鲻ôˡ
ǵҲˡӷɱеķУĿҪǣǵҲûбҪѲصҲ
ʦҪĶ˲پеʳˣټشӱｫƾ͵֮Ķ˳
ЩҪʲôЩȫƵƽǰľЩؿ˶Է
á˰֣˵ˣΪǵˣԶǰˡ
ʲôˣľ޻ЩţħֻôģǸͳԵģǸҩġ
á˵һ䣬ͷԼı﷭˷
֮󷭳ĶҪˣô׼ˮǱʲô˸괩˰ɣôͻȻʼ·ˣ
˵αŹתӣѶŹֻôġ
ħҩͷģʲô
ѲħͻȻķˣ
ҲţҸħ뵽ʲôĥαˡ
ҲܾħֲôģαЩ˲ᶼ˰ɣ
ҾԻǷǳߵģǾħֻڷʲô

ĩ
֭
ף
֭
֭֭͹˰ɣЩӽȥ˻ܳ𣿡
ûа취ķ˳ԣħܸɵĳɡ
԰αôˣѳԣΪ˲ӣҲǻ취ȥİɡ
ħݣۼα
ڶѵĵĻֵɫԽԽˣǿαǱߵʱɫԵøˡ
ȻǱ˵ʲôҲܹĳɹȥƴĽʲô
˽ûЩϣڽʲô
ЩôһĶܾǸʮĻһͲķһ£ȻˣЩĿǰû˸žˡ
ĲҪʲôˣȷǽĿûڱʲô𣿡
Ӫľ޻ЩĵٴʵɲϣǽЩ˳Խ˶ǽҩ֮󣬽Ŀˡ
ľӰİɣĲҪڶʲôĿҲûбʲôС
Ҫǿǵ緢飬ҲǽĿһΣǸλʦǸ⡣
һۣҲûٲĵȥ׷ˡ
λʦûʲôĻôҾȻȥˡ
ߵĿҲѾﵽˣαҲûҪҽĿ鷳˼ȥҲǿԽˡ
ûʲôˣ߰ɡľ޿ڡ
λʦǵ󡭡ָָǵ졣
ô˵ҲϢʱ䣬ǳʱĻӰҲǲ̫õġ
ϾͿľЦЦ
գգ۾ԥһ£û˵ʲô˵ĻҲѾˣڼα䲻ϣҲͲܹȥƵˡ
˵ħһεʲôôİɣһߣֿʼۡ
ǲôĵģǸղǸһֱ˵ûʲô⣬ôҹƣ϶ʲôڵǡ
ӷɽд򿪣ļʱʶ˿ڿˮҧһڡ
óԡӷ˵ְһ׷û⣬Ҳ԰ɡ
ȸ㴦˿ڡ˶Ѿ򿪷гˣƽȴץסľ޵֡
áľӦһԹԵĽԼ쵽ƽǰ
ľ޵˿ڣƽЩۣΪݹˮԭľ޵ƶЩˡ
һ¡ƽùǩþƾ˿ڸһ£ֻǩմ˾ƾ˿ڡ
ľ޵ʶһ£ָ̻ˡ
𣿡ƽŵĿľޡ
۵ġľҡҡͷ
ƽ򴽣Ĵ˴ľ޵˿ڣ֮ĶҲøӵСˡ
ߴ˿ڣ˰ԼĺзֻڳԶʱ
ÿһڶҪ̲סľ޺ƽ߿һۣȻͷڷһνԼ߳Ǳ߿ȥ
Լ̫ҸˣбԳԣܹĿԼϲCPֱҪ̫Ҹ˰
أԱߵ룬׼ȿڽʱһ̧ͷÿľ޺ƽջߣЦİ˿ڷ
ЦЦзȷʵͦóԵģһֻͷǷˣؽ¡
׼ٿһڼȵʱֿתľ޺ƽϡ
˵һΣػΪͦġ
ÿԼڷҪǱߵ˿һۣƵľٶɾԵЩŹ˰
ѲϲľˣϷ飿ãذ˿ڷһֿۣľ޺ƽһۡ
ľ޴ͷβûиһʱؿʹЩͬ顣
ľ޺ƽǱջߵᣬĽһǽ
һ̧ͷͿǳͬߣһ£ЩĪ
ɵؿľ޺ƽһ֮ٴοԼʱǸͬʱ
̲ס˳飬Ȼ֪ص׶ԲЩʲôʲô
ʦҪȽ𣿡ʡ
ллὫԼ˹ȥ
ʦҪ٣͡ضߵߣС˵һ䡣
ǳ˳飬أӣԴˣ컹סˡ


66 
ڽ֮Ž, ΪողųԱӣȻǶۡ
ǼҲûȥϢΧһ˵˻Ự, Ž˸Ե
ѧ, Ҹ㰴ɡɽ˱֮, ľ޽Լƽıѡ
ľ޵һ˲䣬ƽ嶼ˣ֮Ļ, ַ
ˣ, ʵһɡƽסľ޵ֻ֣Թ˯
һֻǺõİֱס, ľЩĳ˳Լ֡
Ȼȷʵôܹʹ, ƽһ»ûʲôѽ
Ҳôʵƽ̾һ˸ľ, ں, ʲô
ľ޵Ա߲˲˳ľ޵ֱļ
ѧ㡣ľһ
𶯡ƽڡ
ľҧأԼһֻС֣ʹ·Ҳܹоõ¶ȡ
ƽûʲôľٶǴʱľ, ЩƲסԼӡ
Ҳ֪Լڲú˼, ߵ˼, ͲԼĿơ
ѧ㡣ľץסƽ, Щƣðˡ
áƽͣһ, Լֳ˻
ѧ㡣ľ޳ƽǱ߹˹㽫ԼƽĻ
оԷĺԼϣƽ̾һҲûԥ㽫ȦԼĻ
һֻľ޵գһһ촽Щ̵ָĴӴʱƽ˳

ѧ㡣
Ĵһ𣬱˴˵ĺһֻԭֵַ֣ͱЩˡ
ɴƵֻ֣Ϊĵطɻһֱ㱻ץסˡ
ƽ΢΢ԭںڰĵѪףʱץסֻ֡
˵ʵһ㡣ƽһºԼ˵ʱô
ѧ㡣ľ޵Щίָ˶Ĵһĸоָ⴫ȫ
ƽ͵ҧ´ЩŭĵľһۣΪҹʲôŭȻҲ޷ľޡ
ڴʱľޣǿǺڰΪ˵ԭĶɴסˣʱֻܸɴȵ¶ȡ
ָĲͬĸܣľҪԼһٵĳ嶯ǸʱΪʲôͲСһ㣬Сһء
ûˣǡľ˿ڿˮһֻҲЩ
Ҳ֪ǲǲľ޵뷨ƽľ޵ֳ˳סļʹһƣ˾ͱԼĻ˳ȥ
ѧ㡣ľίͰ͵ĺһ
ƽûпľ޵ļһ£ԭɵ˾ͱ˲ˡ
ߺںʲôҲľǿı飬ƽȻҲͲ
һһ£ľҲ֪ƽļ֣֪װҲûʲôôģҲʵˡ
˯ɣˡľƿƽԼľǱߴ˴գ˱ԼĻ°ͷļѴ
ѧ㡣ľ޽ԼƽָʮָۣǹЦ硣
һҹΡ
Ϊ˯֮ǰ˶ӣһ˶˯ñȽϰȡ
ľ˫ۣԼˣǱЦ⣬һֻϵʱ䣬Ҳûż𴲡
ƽ۽ë˶˫ۣӳıľǴЦ˫ۡ
Ϻðѧ㡣ľü䣬ᡣ
Ϻáƽľ޵Ļ棬صһϷǶʱ䡣
ÿ糿˫۵ʱܿ˵ģ˯ŵġ
ƽ˴ǣֻҪͻرİģ·Ѿûκζܹ˺ˡ
ʱ仹磬˯Сʱľ
˯ˣѾˡƽ굽ľ޻˲䣬˶Ѿˣǲô
ƽѹʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ˡ
ãҲ𴲰ɡľЦеĵ
𡣡ƽɿľޣԼıꡣ
ľգգ۾ŽԼʵʵģֻ¶һͷƽǣôôɰ
ѧ㡣ľ޳ӿƽǲǺˣ
ǰƽ˵ͷ𡣡˵ŻͷᵽһߣʾԼǲȥġ
˯ʱΪߺںʲô
·ʱƽȻҲûʲôѹˣΪܹ˯ǸȻҲѵˡ
ƽԼҪһǸϣ˭뵽˫۵ʱľѾˡ
ľ޵Ǹϣƽʾѹе
֮ǰϷʱ˵סһģҲûз顣
ǰѹģͻǰԼ·ãľǰѹģͻľȥϴʱ
˻ûеű˴˵
ǽƽҪܿҲûпܿĵط
ѧô߿ôаԺǻҪ⻹Ҫߵѽ
ľ޴յƽĶߣЦɤġ
ƽתͷľһۣԷеЦ⣬֪׽ŪԼ
ϵıӳƽЦŵ˵ĶԣһֱȷʵôãԣҾ㻻·ʱ㡣
ľϵЦ⽩һ£֪ķӦԼԼȥˡ
Լ·һ£ľ޾;ԼѾ쵽ˡ
֡ڵҲôżӦԺеǻᡣľ˵ʱЩˡ
ȻԽӦԽˣ𣿡ľôߣƽϵĺεһһĵȥ
ľޱҭһ£˵ģڵģŲӿƽѧ뿴Ϳɡ
ðƽЦӯӯĿľޣʾ㡣
ľץԼ°ڣЩŤ˵ôһ£Ҫʱ򣬿ɾͲô򵥵ˡ
ƽ۾һգգĶԼľһҧһᣬץ°ڵ˫һᣬϵ˯¾ͱ
ƽͫһʶĶ˶˫۾Լʶһ㣬ĶֻãƶƲۡ
ľټץ˷ͷԱߵ·ԼûйٶȽԼ
װ׵ֻñڵƽЩź˴ǡ
Ҵˡľǿ⣬תͷƽԷͣĵطʱԭ͵ͨɫ͸ӵĺˡ
ţҿˡƽ˵ͷܴ󣬺ܰףҺϲ
ľ˫ۣǿһƽֱƽ˵Ļ
ƽӱ˳˫ֱľ޵ĲӣĶҺڴ
ҡȥϴѧҲ𴲰ɡľ޾Լȥ϶µġ
ľĶӵıӰƽͷһԼ֣һη⡣
Ǽʹ·Ҳܹоû·أǸĸоأ
ƽЩ㱣ˣ̿ˮֻһ˵Եƽһ
ЩĳڿһۣԼ̵Щ


67 
Ȼ֮ǰ˶Ѿ˵, ӽ쿪ʼϸսĿ涨·ȥˡ
Ҳ̫·ϵܲҵĿԳԵĶ
ڳ֮ǰ, ˱㽫ԼеĿȫ˳
ΪǵǽҪһж, Եõʳ϶ҲǴƽֵġ
ڼ֮пȽ϶Ҳֻƽľһˡ
˱һʳƽ, ʣµһʳƽֳԵҪôӣڶŶ·
򵥵ĳ˵緹֮, ˱ˡ
һɽͷ֮󣬼˵·, ͽЩƫĿָ·ˡ
ߴطˡտʼʱ򣬹ֻԸԼ, αֻǲСߴ·ˡ
ǵּαûҪԭ·صʱ, Щż
ȻĿƵһʵ͵ĽĿ
Щ, Ҳ֪, ȻǲܻὫαŽûκδʩء
ǽĿ滮·ߣ˵һΣնûаɣپԲܻᷢ޷ԤϵΣա
Ǽαƫ˽Ŀָ·ߣᷢʲôɾͲǹܹƵ˵ġ
ԣʶαƫĿ·ߵʱ, Щļˡ
, ǰյͼϵ·ߵ, ôܻߴأ
ľ˵ŻԼеĵͼϾ˾, ƺͷϿյ˻ĵĸһ㡣
ǡ
ǰӣˮ, ֪û㡣ֵĻճڣͱӷ˷ܵˡ
һ˵ǰкӣľҲ͹˲ٸֳЩеûˡ
еĵͼһƽ㳯ǰ첽˹ȥ
ֺüͷżλα˸߲ҵĳǰȥıӰ۽ǲܿƵ
ɵӣڿľеĵͼʼʱ
Ѿʶ˼αߴ·ߣǹġ
Ǿǹƫ˽Ŀ·ߣ뵽켸˹ص󣬴һ֪˵ЩʲôĻ棬־;Կʹ
˵ڻ֪α쵽׶Щʲôǿɾ̫޴ˡ
¼ôڵĽĿˣ⻹ǹֵһһֲƿصĸо
Ӽα˷ܵĻ֮бܹƫ·ߵԭʲôһαǰĺҵܹԵĶ
ҪٴλصĿ滮·ϣ졣
Ǹα׼㹻ʳһĻǵĽĿҪô¼ȥأ
ЩץץԼͷ鶼Ǵľ޺ƽǿԼ˵ˮʱ򣬿ʼòƿˡ
Ϊ⵵Ŀľ޵ļ룬ܹ벻ľϲ
ھϲȷʵˣǹȴԼЩܲľϲ
ֻμαǰĺˮҲκεĶ
һĻüα»صĿĹ滮·ϣҲͲʲôܵˡ
ħָոյ˼Ǽαߴ·ˣ
ľӰ˵ǰսĿĵͼߵİ
Ҫ˵ĵͼߴ·ˣҲְɡ
ò˵Ŀĵͼ̫ʲˣüαĵͼαߴ·ʵħǹİɡ
Ҿþߴ·ҲûʲôɣСܸܵղŲ˵ǰˮˣαܹץ㰡
˵ղħôż˵αߴ·ˣǲǺ¼αƫ˽Ŀ·֮ҵԵĶ
¥ϵ˵ûΪһסڸˣҿԺܸεĸǣɽܹԵĶͦġ
Ǻ㣬кܶʵˮҰ֮ĶֻҪαȥңǾԲܻӵġ
Ҳ˵αһ죬ҲûҵʲôܹԵĶΪĿǰ·ܹԵĶˣ
ǵġ
Ҳ˵ֻҪαƫ˽Ŀ·ߣǾܹӣٶˣ
㲻ÿһ˶ԵĶƤԲԲɣǾԲܻӵġ
ֲħָղŵôͻȻ;ˬˡ
ѵֻڵģαƫ˽Ŀ·֮Σ𣿡
Ҳе㵣ģĿ滮·ߣǰ̽Ǽαڵߵ·ߣǽĿûǰ̽ģһ
ޣɢǾԲʲôΣյģһƽƽҵԵĶġ
ԶԶԣ죬̫˵ˣһƽġ
ϣǰĺˮкܶܶĴ㣬ܹﱥһ١
ӡ
ĻǰĹڣαܹǰĺˮҵӵʳġ
ӱߵļαҲﰵǿ׽㱥һ١
Ϊ֮ǰѾˮ֤ѾԶˡ
˼αû߶Զ㿴һǰĴӡ
ĿӰи׿ӣˮ峺ףܹؿˮ֮µĶʯԼǴˮιĴ㡣
㡣ˮιӰ˶Եر˷ܡ
ľޣƺѾԼ˵飬ߣӾ׼ºӡ
ӿ֮ƽ߾һֱľ޵ϡ
Ϊ˷ֹ˷ܹȣ˼飬ⲻϾԼ˵ˡ
ѧ㡣ץԼ첲ƽľ޵ЩãȻ
˵飬Ҫ㼸أƽЩջ˵ô£ôԼ
ľӣ̫˷ˣˣģҲˮġ
ľ޵֤£ƽŷſץľ޸첲ֻ֡
Ϊ˷ֹľԼûע⵽ʱ飬㽫Էߡ
ڲѾ˿Գ緹ʱˣǾֱ𣬵Ȼץʱ򣬸պþͿˡ
ѧųأ뿾ųأľ۾ģƺڻζǰԹζ
ǾҪץˡƽźǱ߿һۣľ֮⣬˶Ѿºˡ
˵ģҪԼ˫ץ㣬Ĳһ򵥵顣
ϾϹģˮǻģץҲǺױѵġ
ƽһ£ǳźǱ˹ȥȻ߹ȥ֮ǰûŸһľޡ
ƽľٶľ޾ЩЦõͬʱҲǷǳĵġ
ƽģڶԷɿֵʱ򣬽Լָ䡣
Ϊ˷ֹһ̫˷ˣѧҪҿס˰ľЦеĵ
ƽüûֻ΢Ĵǣ˵ʱá
ʮָ۰ǣûУûУҪˡ
ͻһǣҶûзӦֱҵ
˭ע⵽ľӰղŵСˣ
ע⵽ˣע⵽ˣζֱָӵ˰
֪ƽСʲôоҸоԼǴͷ鵽˽š
𰡡
ֻɣոյӱߵʱƽСһץסľӰһ˲Ҳر𰡡
԰԰˵ʲô˵ƽСעһֱľӰϣ֣ҵֻ㣬ҲֻܿĸоˣҸоԼѪеˡ
һܿġ
ҵֻ㣬˵Ŀɲڵƽľ޳Լעʱºӡ
ɲֻǿСһסߵߵ㽫ǣ
ץһδԼ˫ּߵ㣬ӷЩй
ץôʱˣȻÿζܹ㣬ûа취Ӻ̵
ԭº֮ǰ־ļˣʱҲЩ㲻٣Ȼ˾Ҫˡ
ǻİ취ɣֱץ϶ǲץġƽڡ
ʦʲô취𣿡˲ͷϵĺˮִ˴ԼһֱץҲЩܵġ
ƽΧ˿Ҽľ԰ɡ
һƽгԵļֵģҲûٶԥӺȥʺϵľˡ
ƽûٸȥˣ˵һȥˮ顣
Ȼûʲôɷģ˼һЩ̺ʯͷʯͷһѡ
ľȡľ޺ƽȥ̡
ȵ˽ĲʱǱҲ˼õľ
һٴºˡ
أľ޺ƽڶαŲ𷵻صʱ򣬾ѾˣʱҲѾз˻Ͽʼˮˡ
Ϊÿһ˶УΪ˽ʡʱ䣬˱䵽
һ֮󣬱ӷɴһ׽ˡ
̧ͷȥ㿴еľľϷһֻڻζ㡣
ʮƯĹ⣬˲˵ߡ
Сܵܺ
ڿˣҸղſץ㶼ҪˣǺ޲ԼܹĻһȥ
˭˵أǿץӷεģץˣ˵һ϶ͻеڶԼ
ûǲܹӣ϶ܹһЩ·һĻǵҲˡ
Сܵܳ尡
ʦ尡
ʦ尡
ĻǰĹڸץС͹ľץСҲûʧ
ӷץһ֮󣬳Ҳץһ
ץȥǱ߰㴦һ£ǱϡһЦĿˡ
˳ԵĶٴ·ʱ򣬻ܹ㴢˭᲻ء
áȻҲûʲôľϵȡᣬһξ۾Ķźιȥȥ
ʦȥǱߴˣȥǱ費Ҫæᱧ˹ȥôһ˹ȥ
ľ޺ƽߣˮտ֮󣬱㽫ÿһ˵ˮˣֽˮڻϼš
ˮĹУȥһЩ̣һСѣ׼һ῾á
ôˡս۴ɾŶԼߵأЩ֪òýеƶˡ
ʦùңæģҿԸ֡
ЦеĵҴЩǺġ
ץһ㣬ʼش۵ʱЩȵգգ۾
ش۵ĶҪҪרҵˡ
ǲǿһ⼼أһȵӣЦĸˡ
ȷʵرʵĵ˵ͷظ˵ĸоũСõĸоôҲǻЩˡ
˲ò࣬ˮɶ仰ɾرʡ
СʱǸүүһģסµģҶЩҲǱȽϤġ
㻹˵ԴӲμĿ֮󣬻Щǰء
˵ŻṦ򣬷ԱߵۣҲѾɾˡ
ŵ׼㿪ƶǵʱ죬ԷĶֽ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ʦľӰк𣿡һߴе㣬һ߾Ǻһ䡣
ذ׵ֶһ£Ͼͳһôĵۡ
ľӰһרҵرǿԱлĻȻҲϣܹٴκġ
ҿʦݵľ磬ʦҲһرԱľӰԺһٴκĻġ
ȭͷҪľһʦͣҡ
ͣϵĶĵЩʱЩ飬Ҫȥȡġ
ǳ˳飬⻰ﻰ˼ˣΪˣžر
һ£ϵذڵϻ˼£ˡ
д֣صЩãȻʦ
ȣһصĻֱֻҪ˵ڶܹġ
ϲľ޵飬˵ʲôù֪
û֮ǰȷʵдӦҪľ޺ƽ˵ĵƣùȥԲġ
˵ȷʵĲ˽ȥǵľ޺ƽʱǿɾһؼëˡ
ˣʾҲطӦ˹ڲܵžͷ˵Щ顣
ҲԼʲôʵǣӦǲ˼ϣϾıֻͦԵѽ
ԣˡٵĵ˵ͷԼôһᣬͻؾԼᶨ
ǡڵϻ£Ƶľ޵Ǹûа취ǲϲľ޵ġ
һۣЩԥʦǲǵһ˵
ûСɿķˣˡ
ǡ
Ҹ˵ʵɡĨ˵ϵ֣cpۡ
ţصͷ˿ϵ̧֣ͷ˿ᣬһֱڵϺ֮תƣȻϵѾĨˡ
cpۣû뵽ȻԼҲĹCP
ûпĹŮ֮CPȻҲ֪ľ޺ƽCPͦġ
ҲûҪȥŮ֮CP˵ľ޺ƽcpۣǸоͦġ
⿪֮һˬĸоˡ
֪ˡЩɵĵ˵ͷ㿪ʼͷеˡ

֪ˣ֪ʲôˣ
ʦСӶ˵Щʲô
ħһεô£ôõĻᣬôûаסأ
գֵ۽ҲջᣬҲ֪˵ڵϻЩʲô
ܣαѾˣΪ˽ĿЧȥ¶αܣ˭֪õʲôķ
õ͵ľǱߣľȥץˡ
ʣµ˽ƽķŽ
ĿҲ̫˰ɡشӱóһС齪ƬÿжһƬ
ľóһСƿΣÿ涼һΣһʼʱ򣬽ĿǸÿһαһģҲֻһСƿѡ
еþͲˡƽ˽⡣
ҺĿʱشӽĿǱ߿齪ȻĻֻεǻȵġ
ؽ˽ԼǰУɫĿľ޺ƽһۡ
ûǷ֮ǰѹûԿŮӸŮ֮cp
ڣҲ֪˾ô£ٴοľ޺ƽʱ򣬺Ʒô㲻һĶˡ
硰ѧ㣬ľץסƽϸĿ˿ָ⣬ڿָⲢûб̵ʱϵĽŲˡ
ֱ磬ƽһץסľֻ֣˵Сһˣʯͷô̡
ƽһ˵ţһĴ˴ľ޵ָ⣬ۡ
زɫջߣǰУҰҰ죬񡭡ͦÿĵӡ
Щ㶼Ҫ𣿡ŽѾɰɫ˿ڿˮ
Ȼĵֻκͽζͦġ
ɣҵջǲġؿ˿Ļ
ǿžͺáѾĲˣʣµľСˡ
ʦȥҼľɡؿᡣ
á˵ͷ
һξ֮ؿһ̵ۣĿڣʦǸǸ𣿡
ľһ٣ԥһӱᶨĵ˵ͷԣģġ
ڼᶨ̬ȸ˰죬ЩЦõԼĶͷ
Լһǳ޴Ⱑcp˵˭ԼĵcpǼٵİ


68 
óԡ˿, ӷɷ̾ϢμĿôʱˣ⻹ǵһοԼıӰ
ûаսĿ·, ȻҪˡ˴еĿ, Ȳҧһڡ
Ⱥ, ζĿ㣬ҲЩľ޵Ľ顣
Ȼ첻Բ»ҪܽĿĥ
ƽذ׻, ϸ̵ݵľ޵ֱߡ
ллѧ㡣ľЦеĽӹƽеĿ㡣
ƽЦЦùľ޵Ľ, ʼΪˡ
ѧ㣬ԼԵġƽһֱչԼ, ԭǳԵһľ, ͻȻ;еĿЩͰ͵ˡ
ĿΪչƽİأȴƽһֱչԼ
, Ȼ, ģϾͺáƽͷû̧ϸϸĽÿһĴ̶˳
ҿԵģԣ˾Ͳóˡľ޽е⻻֡
ץסľ޵һǿҿԵ, ʵҵѾûʲôˡ
ֱҶ, Ҳˡ֪ľ޵, ƽҲûټ, û̵Ҳʣһˡ
ԱߵĽż⣬״ĳľ޺ƽǱ߿һۡ
ƫͷһ, ЦеĿһ⣬ó԰ɡ
óԣر·ЦеӦһ䣬ȻԼպš
ֻεĿжó԰һʼʱضζûб̫ڴ
ڣ˸·ĶеĿ˲ͱɽ亣ζóԵĳ̶ȳʼα
ʦĲȻҲܺúȣرһӡ
ллʦ佱Цü䣬ҲرٷҳԹóԵĶˡ
ΪԼİɡӷڵϱ۾
ԴӲμĿ֮ÿ춼ĿģܹӻܹúϢʱǿͷһΰ
ôʦС֮Щֵֹİ
ǰɣԴںӱ˵Ļ֮ͱЩˡ
㿴ղţ˵͸һ
̫֮ǰ˵Щʲô
ʵи²ⲻ֪
ûʲôģ㽲
ȾϣÿοϤĿͷҾ֪Լǲʧġ
СѾˣзԡ
ŶӶӡ
ŶӶӡ
ȣڴôķϣҾʹ󵨵˵һԼĲ²⣬֪ûоʦÿһοľӰƽСЩϤأ


˵һ䣬ĸЦ


ĸЦۻˣ
ԣЦϰǼڷͿһľӰƽС㣬ȻٰǿڷٿһǵǸЦݡ
е˼ǣʦcp·
ҵѽʦصСľȣ
ʦԷʱǵЦһֱûʧΪԵζĺзΪĵζcp
ҾþǸʦһͷܳԳɽ亣ζļ
һΪĺз̫ˡ
ԡʦ֮ǰڽСӿcp𣿡
Ļһ˲ĿհףҲ˰ǻߵ˰ԼϲżcpһڵΪһ
ҲţⲻģⶼǵԲѣҲŲʦСľ
Ҳš
۵һ޳޵ĳһ˴ҿĵcpǼٵģû뵽ôͱˡ
ڿ˵cpãڿǿcpcpеƣҶĶ
˭뵽أû뵽
ȵȵȵȣ϶ʦcpˣ
ʦϽĿcpļƣҾǿԽͷٳƺŰ䷢ˡ
û
Ҿ˫˫ͬ
ԣʦ֮ԻμĿΪ˿cpİɡ

Ҿˡ
ĽʦھʱԾͽcp㲻һϷˣҲǿԾͽcpĽʺް
괩ʦ
ʱ˿̣ΪԼcpرεᣬζû뵽ΪѾʮ˿С
Ϊ̫ȷǰ浽׻ܹܲҵԳԵĶԼڳ֮ǰ׽˼װ׼һ·
ȵϵӪ֮ҲԳԵĶҲˡ
һΣҲûٴߴټαϽ·ҲûٴߴǻصĿ滮·ˡ
Ϊʳٴ·ļˣҲ֮ǰˡ
ҲΪ˶ӣҵٴ·ӷһȵǰ档
غᣬҲ֪ΪĻǸոճԱ̫붯ž䵽˼˵ĺ档
֮ǰʱһֱڶģֻǸʱ򲻹ǼαǹۿĿĹڣҲûпﲻԾ
ڣǷڿľ޺ƽCPʱһοںˣɾƷһЩĶˡ
ͷӲǷͷӣʦcpľҶЩʰ·ˡ
Ľܹ߿CP̫ҸˣҲӵҸ
ҸȷʵҸڵغľͦҸģԭЩߵɽ·Ҳòôˡ
ʦлл㰡һ߶ǰǣֵˣһתͷһۣϵĵǸ
˵μĿԸģҲۡ
ڣΪľ˼Ужôˣر˷ܡ
ӣΪϲľޣҲܻᱩ¶Լľ޺ƽCPۡ
ڡ̾˿˵CPɣԽԽ֡
Ϊڲμӵһֱ͵ĽĿһCPЩ̫ʵ
֮ǰֻһ˿CPĻҲû̫Ĺǣڶһأ˵ʱܺػ䲻ðһ䲻˵Ļ
ڵѾˣǺҲѾûʲôôˣֻϣܹעһˣԼ࿴һˡ
αһֱԸصĿ滮·ϣ֮ǰ׼ĻڻҪ𣿡
üżαץ֮·һƬҰ˵أڲҰ˼·֮һ
üģⲻԼĽĿҪɣͲһֱĿ
ЩαҲģ̤ġ
üüü־ԼǼ˹ˣ
Ǵܻһ죬ԼὫֱĽĿӡ
αժ׼·ʱ򣬹ֳߵĹԱڵǺڻصĿ滮·ϡ
ΪʲôڸùԱô˵ˣȻҲΪüαһ·ջѾرḻˡ
ټǰߣܹԵĶǼ˵ĸҲǸġ
ҪǻصĿ滮·ҲͲǲܵˡ
ȻôģʵҲЩģҲΪʲôýĿĹԱȥαԼȥα
ΪԼҲԼڼαĿе󲢲ôãüαصĿ滮·ϡ
пܻα淴ǹԱȥĻαͲôˡ
λʦ鷳ڻصĿ滮·ģþϸαͳԵĶǸ
ںʱʵҲԼѹͦģû֮ǰҪαصĿ滮·ߵʱ򣬶Ѿܾ
ʵһҲûб̫ϣԼйֵӴ
ƲЩ˵Ҫһǣαƫ˽Ŀ滮·֮õʳջܷḻӡ
ǻصĿ滮·ϣ͵òԵĶ׸ôѡ񣬾ǸɵҲ֪ɡ
ڻصĿ滮·Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ľ޿һʱ䣬ûоܾԷǻصĿ滮·ϵ顣
ѾˣټȥĻϾҪˣȻ֮ǰ˵˵ʱ˵ǽĿ滮·ҲǻΣյġ
ߵ·߸Ŀ滮·Ļ϶ǽĿ滮·߸ȫһ㡣
˵ǴϳҲûʲôΣգټȥĻЩ̫ˡ
ԾĿǱûҪǻصĿ滮·ģľҲûټǰߵĴˡ
λʦھ͸ı·ߵĻ߲һСʱʱ䣬ܹصĿ滮·ˡ˹һۣԷͷſڡ
ҪصĿ滮·𣿡ڲټǰߵ飬ӷɻǾͦźģϾһ·ջ
ٲصĿ滮·ϣܾҪˡľЦе³һ䡣
ֵǳ˳飬ǲܵģǾԲܻ޵ģֻҲˡ
Щ棬ľ޾ǸͷһڵĽĿûľ˵Ļ
ǵ¼ҲܻƫپԲƿء
Ҫһ찡
ԹڶһѾκεϣˡ
ֻϣľ޿ڸʱúϣҪٸԼʲô۶ˡ
Ϊαƫ·֮ҵʳôеһΣȻҲͻеڶΣѾûа취ȥƵˡ
ǰĿʱԶǼαڳԱڿαħֳԱˡ
ǰھر뿴ħڵһʲôı飬Ҿı϶رľʡ
ʲô飬Ҳڿ϶ǿˡ
ҲҲǣܹһ¾ǿɾ͸ˡ
뾳ǾԲ뾳ģڵĹ˵뾳ҲֻΪڵЦ
ܼαѡصĿ滮·ΪʲôֻҪԸ־;Ѿˡ
һʼȻƫ˽Ŀ滮·ߣľҲһֱڿŵͼûƫ̫Զ
˲һСʱʱ䣬Ǿٴλص˽Ŀ滮·ϣΪһ·Ѿ㹻ʳ
·ûеõκεʳҲʧϾûжˡ
ֻǿҪӽĿĵصʱһľɵľţΪǵĿĵصΨһ;
Ǿֻܴľ߹ȥ𣿡ӷվͷ¿һۣ˲;ͷĿѣĸо
ɿץľŵ֣ӷٶȼĳ˼ֱԶľ֮žð˲١
Ҿ֪ĿǸʱѡصǹ滮·Ͽ϶ıġ
ǰľţľЩĬץƽ֣ѡصĿ滮·֮ǰ
Ҳȷʵ뵽˽Ŀ϶һЩİŵģİţȷʵ֮С
Ҳ֮ǰû뵽ģôڽĿˣûһεĽĿһһġ
ҡľŵһȥľŵĳȣĿҲиһǧ׵ӡ
ȻԼҲȻĿ׼һڣôǱ֤ľŵĽʵ̶ǲκġ
֪ЩúµʱҲûа취סԼȥ°
ľ˵ûпָ֢ڴľ߹ȥ˵Ҳ̫ѵ飬û⣬˾ûⰡ
Ҫǡľ޽˽ƽ֣뿴ƽվĵطṴһЩ̫õĻ䡣
ƽںúõվߣҲǣƽ֡
Ǹһֱľ޲ĵףûа취ɾ
ʵԼҲ˵ΪʲôеһжڳõǸչ
ÿοƽվڱȽΣյĵطʱԺжھƵʱľվڴǰһĻ
֪ԼӦôУƽֻЩŻľٶûа취˵ԼԼװġ
ں£ҲǴ쿪ʼǿƽվ΢һĵطͻԼ඼Ҫˡ
ȻԼҲԼĵĸûκεԡ
Ǻ¾Ǻ£ľǵģľ˵Լֻȥ鷢
Ҫ˵滹ǽĿ氡ڸôһǴ߹ȥҲӦӦĽŶ԰ɡ
ľţϵ˻һۣƺڵȴŽĿǱߵĴ𰸡
ûɫĴӣÿһֻֽҪܹõɫĴӣ˳ĴܹͨõߵĽ
ֺʹػش⣬ڱǰźõģҲûʲôġ
ʲôĽʳ𣿡ӷɷɿĲһ䡣
ǡֳĬһ˲Ż³֣ʳαĻûʲôôġ
αһ·ϵõ˶ʳɶǿġ
ڸ߼αǵõĽʳЩ˾Իԥѡġ
ʳʲôӷ׷ʡ
ϷȤԼ𿪽һ̣𣿡
ʲôȻǲܻǰ֪αġ


69 
ҵѽ, Ŀһǲеѽôоľſȥͺܲȫӡ
Ŀ׼ؿʱѵûмαпָ֢𣿡
ȻҺ˵ħ˵, ǸͲܻ, ӦҲûԵɡ
Ҿؿе̫Σ, Ȳľŵ׽ʵʵαڿһİȫʩûа
һ˵һ, һαϳʲôô죿
ȻҺ˵¥ϵĻƲҪôѻ죬Ҳò, Ҳͬĵİ
һʼʱ򣬼αûлصĿ滮·߾ͺˡ
ܹۿֱĹжôΪα, ڼαǰ·, òҲֻһˣѾİˡ
Ƿľͨ, ѡ·ǰӪصĻ, Ȳ˵ܹܲҵȷ·
ϴû̽·ߣһΣϵرߵ顣
ǽ˴ľ֮ͨ⣬Ѿûеڶѡˡῴһɫüͷ
˰ɣûʲô̫ðյĳ嶯֮ԻμĿ, ȫȫΪ˿CPġ
ľ˵Ƿ, ʵҲֻΪľްĶƭġ
һϲðյ, һ״, ǳCPġ
ǾԲܻμĿģǵμĿֻľһ, ˵ƽһԲܻġ
ѧ㡣ľץƽ֣ڴľͨʮֵĿܡ
ԼҲΪ˰ȫľͨĿǰǵ
ٽĿǾԲܻüαİȫЦġ
ûµģһץҾͺáƽʵЩƵģӡУľ޲ûпָ֢
Щ벻ףľΪʲôôţǣһֻ֣Ҳȫ亹
֪ľ뿪꣬׶ЩʲôŻöڸ߶˿־塣
ľпָ֢Ļ֮ǰھǵʱҲûиовԾĵط
ƽȥ벻⵽Ǹʲô
Դܻ֪ľڵȫΪ
ľŴĻȫϵʵͦߵġ
ΪҲȫľ嵲ģеֻ֣н̤ŵľ壬ǿյģֻӵľš
һֱȥҲǰ취ȥ̽̽·ɡ
ҶľŶЩηΪ֮ĳڴʱվ˳
ô˵һ˰ȫĵľŵһߣҲܹʣµ˴ٵġ
ʦСһ㣬ܾľŲ̫ȫӡ
ӷɾóͷЩ̫ãûа취˷ԼĵĿ־壬ͷˡ
ǱģһСһģĿɥĲҲ߲ȫľŵġ
ǽĿǷˣüαİȫһ¡Ȼˣ仰ɾû˵ˡ
̤ľ֮󣬳߿Ŀǰץľߵӣһһĳľŵȥ
ڿ̤ľ֮Ҳûٿ˵ˣ˵ȫ˳ϣڸĬĬĴ
ߵľʱ򣬱ͣ˽Ų֮ǰ˵ľɫĴӾľλá
ֻҪõһӣߵͷһߣܹõˡ
ػصĿ˺ü飬ûпǸνİɫӡ
ǰ˼֮󣬻ûҵҪҵɫʱ
ԥһ£תһξ룬ûпǸɫĴӡ
ʦǸɫĴ𣿡
컹ûкڣʱҪľϵĶͦ׵ģǳػ˺ü飬Ȼûпᵽİɫӡ
òƭǰɣĿľͨľšӷЩɵ˵ԼĲ²⣬ʵҲܹѹ̫ˡ
ʵʱǱĥ̫ˣûа취ȥĽ֡
ǵڣǱǲʲôط˰ɣٽĿǲܰǸɫĴֱӷľǹȥðɡ
ῪڣҾðɣɫĴӿܸͲľߣǱǷ档
棿һ㶣ųػѰҰɫӵӰЩ֪òýǵĲ²֪Է
ʦԤԵˣɫĴӣľͱĿľˡ
ĿĹҾ˵ĿǾԲôĵģɫĴӷŵľߣǵ벻Ҫαõ
ʦľͨʱ򣬶ܹоĿ־塣
ǰʦڴľߵʱûг߿ʱſһߵֱſľȥİɫӣҸоҪˡ
Ҫ˵ͲҪˣαǰȫȫȫľͨͿˡ
Ҳôģô˵αҲѾҵǽˣûҲʧʲôɡ
ҾǻǲҪֹ̫ˣղħѾ˵һεĽʳʳҲ¿סĵطɡ
ȥò˵ǸɫװŵģǽסĵطɣûеõĿòҪֱ˯Ұ˰ɡ
Ǳ˵Ļ⵹˵˻ħֵĻҾԻǷǳߵġ
⡭
ڵĲ²ʵαĲ²ǲģ˵һεĽʳûκιϵʱ
˻ҲµˣӦҪסĵطˡ
ǰ漸εʱǵ˼ϵʱ򣬽ĿǱѾ񶼴ˡ
ĴÿһζеģһαҲǱȽġ
һεĽǸסйصĻǾζûеõһεĽǻľҪ˯Ұˡ
ʦֱǰ߰ɣȲҪǸɫˣһҹȥʱҰɡ
ľػصתƣҲܹоĵĽ
ʵǿȥˣųһǸոյĲ²⣬زûи֪Ĵ㡣
ָߣղŹʱѾľϴתԣҪõİɫӻǱȽĵġ
ֻɫĴӣǾζһһǳõõһġ
ļ˿һۣЩԥôʱ䣬ȻûҵǸɫĴӡ
ڼȥҲûʲô壬صĻȴϹȥ
ô˵Ҳһ˰ʱķˡ
ǹɣߵʱץӣСһ㣬ûʲôΣյģľŻǺܽʵġ
ľ֮󣬳һ߻һߴ󺰣ҲȷԼܹܲˡ
ȹȥˡؿڣӷ˳ڿ̤ľŵʱ
һֱڸԼ׼ںò׼һĴľϳȥˡ
ãСһ㣬ȥʱòǸɫĴӣͲҪǿԼˡ
ӷɵļ򣬸Ҫ̫ǿ
ʦİɣһСĵġӷɵ˵ͷһץľߵ̤ȥ
ѧųߣһֱǰߣֱߵľʱӷɲͣ
ȻҲ֪ǸղŵĲ²⵽ǶԲԣǳղŴľһֱߵͷ
ûпǸɫĴӣǾ˵ɫӹĿԻǷǳߵġ
ӷɸԼ֮󣬷ſһֶֻֻ֣ץߵϡ
ҧس·һۣ׵¿ͷ
ӷͻȻЩͷΣ˫һֱľЩƣӷץӣһСҰ׵Ѫɫ
ӷɣ
һĻǼ˶û뵽ģʶǰ˼֮Щ֪ǸǰǸˡ
ҿľͦʵģȥӦҲûʲôɡԵرԥ
ҪҹȥɣҿڵӣӦûа취ԼˣҵҲǱȽġ
˵ſվͷᣬ˵ҪѡһĻȻӦƫرȽء
ľŵĳжߣ˭Ҳ֪ľܹܲе˵
Ҳ֮ǰΪ˰ȫǣ׼һһߵġ
ӷڵԼûа취ǰеģ£ֻѡһ˹ȥߡ
ľûʲôɣһ
û⡣ֿڣҲЩ˶һֽ״̬
ʵαѡʵʵĴľͨʱ򣬹ֻЩŵġ
ʵһʼʱǽĿ׼׷ġ
α֮пָ֢˵ǲҴľͨĻʵҲıѡ
ֻһ׷ûнģһֲûи֪α
ҲΪ⼸¼ƣѾùϰ˼αķ
Ϊ˵Ϸ֮󣬼αпҲԵҪӱ·ߡ
ԣαʵʵѡľ߹ȥʱ򣬹ЩԼĶ۾ˡ
ҲΪαѡ·ߣҲûһ·ߵˡ
ڣӷľ벻վʱ򣬹־Щ֮ǰûнȫ֪αˡ
֮󣬹붼ãĻϿ϶Ļα͵ĹϵҲΪһεӵĽˡ
һ뵽һ㣬־;ޱȵĺڣʱΪʲôûǰи˵ȫ߼αأ
ΪʲôΪǵΪαᷴأ


70 
ڵõ˹ֵĿ϶֮, رûԥ
̤ľŵʱľߵӶûץƽһ, ٶȼĳӷ˹ȥ
С°, ⵨治һĴ󰡡
ҸоСӺ˷ܵ, ĹϲðյӰɡ
˵ģڼСҶСˣڼСѽ, ȫȫǴ󰡣ԺҪٽС, Ҫؽ㡣
ллؽǼСӡ
ۣС, , 뵽һЩ˼飬, ̫, е㲻ˡ
幫Сӵİ𣿡
¥ϵĴֵܣСӵǸʲôб˵ȫư
û°ҲҰҾûǴֵȽ£ҪѶֹٵͽˡ
, Һ˵, Ҳ, ô޶ٵ, ǽ˰ɡ
ҪʲôֵֹCP𣿡
ûУûʲôֵֹCP, ȻǺܸлؽǼСӣCP黹˰ɣǼСӲԼ
û˸棬ûʲôνİڵģҪCPĸλǣȥľӰʦCPɡ
ۿֱĹڿߵӷǰʱԭҲͽķˡ
ΪӷɵкˣҲ˼ֵˡ
Ƕӷ˵ɾһҲ
ǿӶûץߵԼǰʱӷɵЩ֪ôȥˡ
̱ľм޷ӷ붼ûġ
ãûõɫӵҲûߵͷɣʵǣȷʵûС
ôվ𣿡ضӷɵǰɫ԰׵һĵǡ
û¡ӷҡҡͷץľűߵվ
Ȼվ˰ɣȻЩһֱڴ
ʦ΢һ£һǸɫĴӣϾͺáذԵӷɵļ
˵˱ſľϣ·ȥصľٶӷﶼЩץӵ˫ֶЩ
Ǻû֮ǰֱ̱ľûˡ
ʦ㿴ҵɫĴˡؽԼոսİɫøӷɿȴ˶Էŵӣɫ԰׵ӡ
΢΢һ£ؿڵʦټһ£Ͼͺˡ
ոսİɫװ˿ڴֽɫҲ
һľ룬ź֣ʦǵɫӣҾ͸ʦˣʣµҾͷˡ
Ҳ˵ز뽫еİɫȫȥ
Ҳ֪ĿǱߵĹǲǹ涨ÿֻһ
ȫȥˣĿ鵽ʱ˵ľ޺ƽûõɫӣǿɾЩˡ
һ֮ؽ߷ӷɵϣʦڿԹȥˡ
سӷ֣֮ر㷢֣ӷɽץľϵӣûɿļ
ضһ²º͵ĵʦ㲻ҪģץҾͺˣһὫ㰲ȫĴȥġ
ӷԥһ£ջǽԼ֣Ƶصĸ첲ϣöԷԼһһĳľŵһ˹ȥ
ȻҲ֪ԼڵЩˣĺ°Ҫװ£Ҳ
֮ǰΪֲûгϸ˵صΪʵѾˡ
ûз֮ǰЩĻ˵Ϳֹˡ
һΣʹֿõһİɫ֮
ֽ˵İɫҲȫʱҲûгֹĬصΪ
ֹЦˣֻżαܹȫȫĴľ߹ȥҪٳʲô⣬ллˡ
ղѾ˵ˣľܹ˵ģľӰʦһȥɣ˵ͺˡ
ӷɺѾ˳ߵͷһߣῪڿľ޺ƽ
áƽ˵ͷҪȥ𣿡һ仰ƽǶľ˵ġ
ľ޾ûƽĻһ˫ֱֱĶľţҲ֪Щʲô
ҪǾúµĻǾİ취ɡ
ľ˴һĿǰľţƽ룬ûڼľ޸һŵ뷨
û£ǹȥɡľЦЦץƽֻȷǽ˽
ȵȡƽקסľ޵֣ҲϣǿԼ²ģĿҲֻ׼һ·ߣǿԲҪġ
Ŀ׼һڵʱ򣬲ûпǹΪ¶·
ԽĿǱ߿϶׼ûнĿҲ˯ҰⰡ
ľӰȥܺµӣúµĻǲҪ̫ǿԼˡ
ǰղСҲܹȷ˵Լ²ҹȥĻҲͲ̱ᷢľ벻ҹȥˡ
ҾƽСķһģħǸ˰ɡ
ٲˣҲ׼һڵʱֻ׼ɣ϶·߿ͨϵġ
ǰȻҲħȷʵرûޣҲǿȼαŵ
һ۵Ļֵ߱һֱľ޺ƽϣ͵Լ׼ʲôˡ
ǣֵ˰죬Ҳûеȵ˵ѯʡ
ѧ㣬ĿİţҲľ߹ȥ
·ߣ϶ûнģ˶Ѿȥˣѡ·ߣôأ
ľ֪Լ֮ǰıƽԼǲҹľš
ʵĿ˵߹ľнʱѾµĿ϶İš
ֻľޣȷʵԺԥķ
鲻ֻ˰ҲֻԼ
˵رµӷɶȥˣѡĻҪѡأ
ҲĿѡ·Ǵͨ
ƽҧҧ֪ľ˵ûǡ
Ҫ
ûµģҲǺ£Ҿǡʲôľû˵ƽҲ²
ᣬľ޿֮ͱˡ
ðɣץҡƽջѡЭ
İѧ㣬һץסġľ޽ָƽָ죬ץ֣ǹȥɡ
̤ľ֮ľȷʵûƽеĺ£ľߵӶûץǣƽޱľŵһȥ
Ĳܼ٣ıֲǺľţںľʲô׷һ
̤ľŵһ˲䣬ľתıƽأ·ҪԷԼһ
ûˡƽĴľ޵ĺ󱳣İʼգ֪ľ޵ںʲô


71 
ͨľ֮, ڽ·УαҲûʲô谭ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ֮ǰ飬Ŀе㱻ŵ, Ǿֻ׼һڡ
α֮˴ԼаСʱ·, 㵽˼ϵĵط
ڼϵĵط, һһССľݣľݵԱ߻
ǾõҲҪƴѽ
Сľ, ȻҲЩȵģľݾ˵϶дİ
ڸһ·֮, ܹڴ˯һжˡ
ھǱ˴˵ôɡ˵, ԼĿڴｫɫĴ˳, һֽ
ҵĲô´, óʦɡ
Լеֽ, ˼ʦǵסˡ
ҾͦõģԼȥֻҪɽȥͿԺúõ˯һˡ
ȻûеõСľݵľסȨܹסѾõҲͦĴ, ٽĿǱ߻ûҪԼ񰡡
һСһľݡӷҲ˴İɫֽ
õĴҪͷ, ǾͲˡ
Сľݿ϶Ҫܶ, ܹõСľݵľסȨ, ľȻҲǺܿĵġ
ľƽСľתһȦϵ˷ܿɾ͸ӵˣѧ, ǽܹ˯һȺľˡ
Ȼ֮ǰڼϵʱҲܹϴĵط
ǺľݵԡұĻǲ̫Զˣڣܹһˮˡ
šƽӦһüŮѹеĵǡ
ѧ㣬ܹõСľݵʹȨҪصİأһҲԡݸɡ
ľһ㶼ûвƽЩ̫Ծһ˷ܵƽڷ߿
ãġƽǣЦһݡ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪ѧˡľޱƽ˲䡣
Ƿԡҿ裬˭ȥһСľľޱż˺
СȥɣһȥĿǱ׼ԡҳһ¾Ϳˡڡ
СľǱ߱Ͼľ޺ƽҪ˯ĵطܵȥ裬ô붼Щ̫ʡ
ãʦȥɣ㣬ҲסôõĵطľЦеһѡ
ҾͲˡ谡Ƕڵ˵ֱڼȻĻᣬȻҲŹ
ȥˣʣµļ˱㿪ʼˣҪ˵ϵǱȽϷḻģвˡ
ȻûʳǷˮԳ԰ûʲôġ
ʱ򣬼ҲûٿۿѵˣΪ˵һͷ
ҲˣֻҪƫĿ·ߣ·϶ٶܹҵԵĶġ
ڽУӦǲܻˡ
ʱҲѾˣĳһٱ
ÿ˶õһһң֮ǰμĿ˵ֱһˡ
ľӰҲ֪˵лĻЩ٣һ˵лл㣬ΪһľӰļ룬ǲܹ֮ǰӡ
ӷɿľĵ˰ɣȷʵûʲô£Ժ󣬵ľӰ󿪿ڣҾԲ˵һ֡
ûһľӰû֮ǰǱĿӵرĲңܹӣ֮ǰ붼顣
ҲЩпľû֮ǰǴûҪĿŸɡ
ҲûƫĿ滮·ȥҳԵĶ
֮ǰΪʲô״ҲȷʵΪľ޵ĳ֣Žҵ״
ǧô˵Ҫ˵ĻһҪлԸһء
˵ˣľ֮ԻôҲԼ˽ĵģڵõ˴ҵЩлǾЩ֮
ˣҾͲҪȥˣҪȥĻ˵϶˵ˡ
ЦŲһ䣬ΪһμĿˣҲˣԺʲô飬ҿǾԲǿġ
ʦĻҿܻǻҪһµġӷЦĵ
һҪȥӷɣĸ˹ȥ
ôһ֣֮ҲԵøӵĺгˡ
ˣʱҲˣʰʰ͸ϽϢɣ춼Ҫء
վ˸ҵͦڴǻ·ҵʲôʳ
ҵʲôʳ˵ֻҪܹӾͺˡ
ӷԼĶӣڵ˵ʳĿζѾôҪˡ
չһ¶ڴ㶼ص˸Եס
ѧ㣬ˮҷźˣȥɡľ޴ԡ˳ڴϵƽ
áƽû˵ʲôԼ˯±ԡҡ
ԡҵűˣľһ£ԡҵſ˺һߵ
оƽԴӳ֮󣬾ͺеֵӡ
ΪʲôأΪִľ߹鲻
ϴˣȥɡƽһ߲Լͷһ߶ڴϷľ޵
ľ޿Ÿոϴ߳ƽЩģƺʱԼ˼άûлع
ʲôƽľ޵ǰ˻Ρ
ûʲôľ޻񣬡ȥϴˡ
ľ뿪ıӰƽ˳
ʵľ뵽ûƽЩ̫Ծȷʵִľ߹йء
ֻƽΪģֻǾЩ֡
˵һʼʱƽľΪ£ԲŶľЩܡ
ǵǴľͨʱƽѾôˡ
ľ޲ΪľŵĻʱںʲô벻ףƽȴĪľ˵Ҫ
ѧ㣬ʲôڵҲʳ𣿡ľЦŵõĵģǽõʳĻɽҰʳﻹǱȽ϶ġ
ҲҲǵƽľޣĵ֪̤ľ֮ǰʲô
ľ޲ͷһ٣һ˲ĲȻǺܿ죬ĨȻͱ
֮ǰȷʵЩľŵĳҺܵĽĿľϸģҡ
ľӣƺǾЩ˼֮ǰ֪Ҫľ߹ȥʱʵе㺦µġ
ںʲôƽ׷ʡ
ľɫһ䣬ƽ˫۶ʶ˲١
Ȼ֮ܿͷӦԼķӦЩ̫Ծһ˲ľٶǱƽ
ڵңľ޵ķӦƽ뵽ĳֿԡ
ѧ㡭
Ϊ֮ǰǼ𣿡ƽɵľͽҹȥ
ѧ㣡ľص̾һֻǡ
Բ𡣡ƽҴûʶһεô˺
ľ޻һ£첽ߵƽߣѧĴ̫ˡ
ƽֱľޣҲã㵣ˡ
ѧ㣬Բ𡣡ľ޽ڵƽľ䣬Բ̫ڴˣԲ㵣ˣԲ̫ˡ


72 
², αһƫ˽Ŀ滮·֮ҵʳ
ô˵һΣȻҲͻеڶΣ, Լ֮Ρ
ڵһηƫ˽Ŀ·֮, ֮¼ƽĿڼ䡣
ҲûǿеҪαصĿ滮·, ֻڵʱѼαһ¡
עⰲȫصĿ滮·ϣʱ, Ҳȫüαŷҵġ
ھô֮󣬹˶Щ, ΪҲ
ȥǿȼααǿҵķ֮, ĽĿԲûʲôô
Ȼ֮, αûڰǹ滮·ȥˡ
ڸ׼ĻʱαҲͦϵ, ˵ôڵĽĿˡ
һڵĽĿȷʵЩƿ, ǾͽĿЧԣõһˡ
ڵķӦҲͦõģԹҲͳ׷ſˣαȥɷˡ
߷żαȥŷˣαҲ֮ǰÿΪӶüˡ
ۺ϶, ĿЧͦ, ǶԽĿ, ǶԼα, Ҷͦĵġ
ǲĿ¼ƣļ, Ͳ֪ʱϷ顣
ľ޺ƽĿ֮󣬲ܾĿ¼ƣʲôҲ
ڽĿ¼ƿβʱҲų˴ģνľ޺ƽȷнʵ
Ҳѵ飬죬ûеļ
ھһЩƵҲһε鱻ȫ˳
˵ļ£ڲμνĿʱһЩҲϡ
˿˴֮ԼһЩȽܵĻһЩȽƽĹģҲǰְǡ
֮󣬻˷֮ǰ΢ϻӦԷǾ̨ʡ
ԴΪʵöȷʵڽ֤ݾ΢ϵһλ˵˾ڸձס
һε鶼ȥ೤ʱˣôֱ˸˳ڵ˶ôе
Լûǹı˵ʲôλСڽô˼ҽʲô£ǳǼҴ˻סǼҷˡ
ЩӪҲǵģһеĻ𣿡
Ҿ֪ҿĵCPģ֮꣬ڿϲCPһˡ
ˣˣλСʲôʱ
ЩǲѽŮ֮ϲܽϲ𣿡
ҿʲôëɣʲôŮ֮ϲܽϲôΣΪϲǰɣ
ˣҾⱲӾעˣ˭ҪǱϲϣǼֱ̫ùˡ
һ˵һȻҲЩûа취ľӰƽСһ
ı˴ϲģһԸȥףǵġ
ҲǣҲףǵģϲûдϲ˭Ҳûд
ǰϲ飬ֲܹƵģ˵ľǴˣôĲǣԸǵ硣
˵ЩǱǸϴ˰ɣŮһǽֱǻü
ǰǾȦĶˣǸϽȦɡ
̫ˣΪһ㶼ӰʲôӰ졣
˵ЩǲǸմӾԺ
ûкþ͸ϽȥҧˣΪʲô˶ܹҧ𣿡
ûа취飬ҲǱտڲԣҪǼע˺
ÿ˶ϲȨÿ˶ѡԼϲʲô˵ȨΪˣǻǲҪ﷢ˡ
ףģôǻӭǣĻȥ
ǣˣˣҪΪԼĻܹ˺ˡ
ֻڷǵѣǸһɵʱ
ȷʵһɵʱⲢǿ˵Ľڡ
ҲͬȷʵӴڵģǰʱҾ÷ǳĲ⡣
ԴӿߵǶ֮ͬҲŷ֣ͬ˻ˣûκġ
ϲǵıܣǿıȥѰԼİˣûд
ҷǳͬ¥ϵĹ۵㣬ͬǲͬ˸ûκε
ǶమߵһһͥԾûа취ܣҲ벻ҪǼע˺
һǲ⣬˸һŮ˸ŮһⲻǱ̬Ů˸һŷķչ
¥ϵЦˣķչô˵ﻹлλҪ̳У㻹ҪԺأ
㲻Ͳ⣬ҲûǿеҪȥ⣬㲻⣬ҲܳΪ˺˵ɰ
ϲ˭˭ͲܹƵģǶˣǻλ˼һ£ЩǼעϵģܹܵ𣿡
ЩˣǣһΪ̬硣
ôϣԼԴ
Ҫ˵ЩҾЩرĸЦΪļԶܻ
Ȼ붼ôʣ㵽ôֱ׳ĽЩ˺עڱϵģ
ΪʲôҪȥ飿ͬͬĴڣҾѾԶˡ
ĺ˵һ䣬ǲԿǽˮˣԶˣŮԾǷܺĹ𣿡
ֱв˵ǴĸԺܳģ
ǵôֱ׳Ϊͬģ˸ˣŮ˸Ůˣ⵽ˣ
һŮһ
ľͬѵĲҪ
˵ûͬһ˵ˣԲĲԼļˡ
ǵ˼ǣΪ˼ˣǱ飬Լϲˡ
һԼͲϲҲԲϲϵ˹һ𣿿ľǶԵ𣿡
ĸ㣬ɲǿȥͬġ
Ϊ˸ĸǾҪԼΪ˸ĸǾҪȥԼϲ
Ϊ˸ĸǾҪѹԼıԣȥԼϲ𣿡
찡ҹһ°뱲ҪһԼͲܻϲϵһҾ;÷ǳʹࡣ
ʹĻţҴŻѡװɣԲܽܵĻǲܽܵģϣܹһ㡣
ȻصȥΪ룬ҲϣǲҪٶ򡣡
ҪѡʲôǵɣҪѡʲô˵һҲܹȥɵġ
˵ҶȺ岢ر˽⣬ҾǶһȺɰ¸ҵˡ
ǿΪ֮˸Կʣжܹһ㣿
ӵˣΪ˸ĸ˵ʵȷʵǲϣԼĺӳΪͬ
һ죬ҵĺӸңϲͬԣʹûа취ܡ
ҲᾡԼŬȥģΪڸĸ˵ӵҸҪġ
ٶҶԣǾԲԸ⿴Լĺӻǰʹġ
ľ޺ƽ飬ģģģֵ֧ģףġ
ÿ˶Լļ֣ÿҲԼ⡣
˵ЩڱƲһεȶֻ


73 
زǱߵ׶ǸʲôԵģôʱ, ǵ׸ҴһʲôĽ
۾ҿˣĻȻܹϹôʱ, ҸǷô๤, ǳ԰׷𣿡
һ˵, һôǰӣôӵƵԼܹóжôķŭ
ķʵ߶Щֲ, һϵʱ䡣
۾Ѿ͵ѹ²ȥĳ̶ˣ֮, ˱ƽľްġ
ƱϢг֤ݵνʯ
ѵȶ, ѾԶԶľ޺ƽڽ顣
Щ鱻ѵʱ, ߾ѾȥˣǱȥû, Ѿֱ
һε, ǰʵǣѾܱˡ
ܣһε϶ڱ󵷹ȻĻ۲ܻᷢ͵ô죬, ľӰƽڹ˾
ûб˷, ߸ûиõĴ, ˿ҲͲǹ˾ˡ
˵ǹزĸФ, ⼸죬ҲĥЩͷͺ
ûа취, Ҫԭľ޺ƽ˲ڡ
ǹ˾߸ĻӦȲ˵˿Ǳˣ͹Ļˣ;ԲŹܹǵĻᡣ
üģԼʵҲùزʱһȽϺʵĴʽͲʵ
ǾĿǱϵһ£ܸܲЭһ£ľ޺ƽڽĿӦˣǶȳȥɣ׺պһ¡
ܡ
ҲʣҾһ䣬ľ޺ƽô£Ҫʵ
ʵһʼʱ򣬶ϵЩν֤ݣѹͲŵġ
ʱƣȵϵ֤ԽԽʱҲĲЩĻɡ
֮뵽ľǩԼ֮ĵһ飬Ϊƽ
Լ֪ƽҪΪսĳפαʱľҲȥμӵ顣
ּ󶼱֮Ĺϵֻô򵥡
⡭׺պһۣʵ̫ˣˣǲ֪ô顣
ҪΪѩľ޺ƽҪٴλصڵλã졣
Ȧһ»رѸٵĵط㳤ʱ䲻ڴڵС
ҲͻıԶһ˵ġ
˼ûикͽˡɽڽ֮󣬱ֵĶ档
ôˣڿ˭󣬱Լŭ
ȻΪϵЩˡɽص̾˿Ҫ˵ĻҶٻеϵġ
йϵһԴʺţ˵ɽڵľ޺ƽ飬Ӱǲ硣
ܹģľ޺ƽ飬ôܸɽǣ
ǵ΢ϻӦҵ˼˵ǷɣʵǾ籾һ̨ʡ
ҵֻˣ˭ܹ뵽ɽ˵˵ţص̾˿
˼ǣĬһ£ʵ
ǰɡɽӣҾⲿѾҪȥˣȶѾǰδеˡ
˼
ֲڣٶ鶼ͽͰɽ̯̯֣Ҫ˵ͲùˣȥҷͰɡ
˵ˣɵӶ֪һεڱ󵷹ԷҲץסľ޺ƽûа취ʱӦ©˸һɱ
Ҫ˵㻹˳˶Է⣬ȥˣľ޺ƽԱֲż
ҪǹڣֲǷ˿㵣һεӰ졣
ԺûǺҾɲģû˸ҸǺǻ
Ļֵڴʲô⣬Ȧˣôܻ᲻֪ߵèء
ɽȴεľ޺ƽ˵ʵǸͦõĻᣬ¼Ŀûа취ȥӦ顣
¼Ŀ֮ȶҲѾĽȥˣǸʱҲûбҪȥӦˡ
Ժһα˰ǳνʵҲƣ͸ˣǸʱٲһȶôˡ
һıǳˡ
Ҳ̫ƻ˿ĺøУϾǴûзϹ
ò˵ɽһлͦģνʵʵ飬ټٵ˷ֲ
˼ˡӣͨⲿ߷˿֮ǰ΢ϵĻʵ
Ȼһ̼CPۣ˹䣬ȷʵܰ
ȻٽĽĿûа취ӦرܻӦǷʵ
ڣڽˣ
óĽۣûһƬĳĬ
ûƳĬģǸϵȽϺõɽ
㱻һֱڹҲͦģ͸͸װɣȷʵڽ
ʶĵһԼˣ²һ£֤ʵһˡ
ܵ˵ǾͦȵģҪ˵⣬Ҳûжô⣬ͺķչǺġ
أô飬֪Ҳ֪ˣ֪Ҳ֪ˣڱ̬¡
ɽЦеĿԼѵΪˣǶϲܽľ޺ƽ߸Էġ
ôɣһùزȫǵġð˾
Ͳˣһᰲźõģ˵⻰һε顣
Ҿʮа˾žߵ˸Ĺ㻹Ƕϵİɡ
Ҫ鶼ˣɽҲûټĴ㣬״һ֮ɽ뿪ˡ
Ҳȥæɡ׺պ˻֣ľ޺ƽڽ飬ûҪ׷
ľ޺ƽ֮ĸ飬վһϰϵĻͦȥףǵġ
ڣֻҪ֮飬ûʵĴ˾棬ҲǿԵʲô֪ġ
ЩΪһ֮˽ͼ˾ļһҲǲ׵ĹԷġ
ϱųȥЩν֤ݣ˵ûй˾߲֣ǾԲܵġ
˾ľƽгˣҲֻһˡ
Ϊ֮еСᣬСͻǴСЬҲȥˡ
֮ǰƼƽΪսĳפαʱ
ҲûжԣǾҲֻƽԵͷˡ
һε飬û뵽ġ
ôҲ벻Ϊ˶Ըľ޺ƽȻ˹˾
飬Ҳֻ۱ֻۣԷ𺦹˾飬ûа취Ӷˡ
һˣ˵ıʣΨͼġ
֮ǰ𣬾ǾԹ˾аǸ˲ţԼΪ˾档
ڣ˵Ѿûκοõļֵˡ


74 
֪ܽټЩ», ʲôҪ𣿡
⼸Ϸ飬Щɶǲ֪ġ
룬ĸλ֮, Щ˿ܻ̫ʱ䷢顣
ʾߵ, ⼸Ϸ, 򵥵Ľһ¡
ҲܹľӰǩ£Ǻķ˶ٵŬ
ԴľӰ֮, ǹ˾˶ٵ档
ҲĿõģһε, ȷʵڱһ, λܹó
һȶ, ֱҲֻ벻ĻڱƲ
ܹΪȦͷҵ, ˶, ֵַ˶˵ĵ⣬ֱΪжд̡
뾡취Ҫǣһ㣬ŸλӦñҸǡ
ʱ±Žһģ콫ȶȸѹȥʱ
ǡص, ĻǸ, ȴ׵ǽҹȥ
˵Ϊ, Ѿʵʵжµ档
ܵ˼, һε飬ڲԱڸֱߵһλõ˿ʵ
û˵ͷ, ڲԱܵһʱ֪ǵİţԣ˵ְ񻹲͡
ǲѾ˻ɵĶˣ
ûлشԷ⣬ǽԼߣÿһ˵ɨ
ھʱ߶ͣ˼룬СȻҲĶ¿С
ܹɶ£λõˣһı֮ˡ
ԣʹûлشǵ⣬ҲСУȷ˶ԷɵĿꡣ
ڻ𣿡˵ȫԼϣҲٵӶˡ
ûҲû˵ʲô滰ˣǸ˶Էһ϶Ĵ𸴡
˵һε֮ûֱʣǲŵġ
ܣ㻳ңҲӦðڳ֤ɣ˵տƾĻ飬Ҿɡ
˾ΪܵһãЩ£ʲôڵıҪ
Ϊ˾ô࣬ûйҲпͰɣôͲº˵𣿡
֮Իô޿֣ΪЩ飬ץκεİѱ
ǻôأò֤ݣҲֻܻ
ȷʵòʲô֤ӡ
Ǻľ˼ƽͽս˲𣿡
⻰˵ľЩ̫˰ɣƽȥμӡս
Ϊ˸عȣøʶһУѵΪ˾𣿡
ָأһ㶼µģҲû֤֤Щģкξء
˵ˣû֤ݡЦЦԣҰĶȫ˹
Ƕˣ˵ҪĿʲôΪӯĸλûǲ׬Ǯġ
ʵҲԸ⻳ĸλҲԸĸλУ˻𺦹˾顣
ʵѾǵǰҲòȥţû֤ݡ
Ŵҵ۾ѩģҲĸλ£Ӧܹ˾˵˸
㿴ңҿ㣬ĬûձøӵĽˡ
һ仰˵ûôතУƽгԹˣɾֻ¶ˡ
˵⻰ʲô˼ָҾǸ˾ʧ𣿡
˵Ļ䣬ŭվһŭĿŶԷ
ӹ˾Ϊ˾˶٣ǲжôĿع˾棬ǲ𣿡
صĴӣڣȴڻһ𺦹˾ǵĻɣںεأ
¶Ҫô¶ôܻỳأֻǡ
ҾڻΪ¶ˣֱ˵Ĵ˶ԷĻ
ûٸԷκοԴԲأΪľӰǩ֣ƽˣͲܱھ
ôˣڹ˾ﱻѩ꣬û
Դܹǹ˾ô棿
֮ǰΪʲôûзֹ˾һ˴ڣΪ¶
һ仰˵ûҲǱȽͬģǶˡ
ǵҲֻ棬ڰǰʵǣû¶´
Ҳôˣ
ûû꣬ǹ˾ʧ˶
һദôˣÿһ˶ʲôˣҲ塣
˵һε飬й˾߲ڲ֣ô˾˭λҲӦд˰ɣ
ȻѾ˵ˣҲ̬ɡ
һƵĵ¶ƽȥμӡսʱ
֮Իͬ⣬е޷Ҳ⵵ĿعȣǸͲ⵵Ŀôĥαôôࡣ
󲿷ֶ֮Իͬ⵱¶µ顣
ҵĹ۵һģ¶ΪʲôҪٳ顣
޷ǾΪƽڽĿϳԾͷڵʱȷʵΪġ
Ѫˣ֮λ޴ʣһУΪ˹˾ڿǡ
ɵǵĿУȴͳΪΪ˽˶ԹڱԷ
һͨ죬ôأ
Щ˿ɶһȺΨͼˣһǵ棬ǱԥԷ
ѵ𣿡ƮƮӳһ䣬¶¿ڿ˵Ϊ˹˾档
Ҿһ¶ˣΪ˾棬ΪʲôὫƽѩꣿ
ʱ䣬ƽѾֵ֤ԼļֵǴλǴרҵ˵
ûκεԵģɾΪ¶µĴѹǹ˾ʹʧôõӡ
ҵͦģѵ¶¿ڿ˵Ϊ˾棿
˾⼸Ѿ»ƣжôеҪһԿ˳֡
Ҳ¶²֪ɼʹ£ҲȻΪһ˽ѩضԷ
¶֮ǰˣôһΪ˴ѹԷҲͲ˰ɡ
Щǵ޶˲룬Ǹû֤ݣƾʲôտڰң
ĺƺԽ󣬾Խ֤ıݵġ
֤ݣЦһ¶ǾǶ֪ͯ
ְ񣬽߳»ᣬ֪λɶʲôͬ𣿡
û
Ҳû
Ҳͬ⡣
ǲôôôңõ˵һͬڼˡ
Сݲ Щ֮⣬㻹Щʲô飬ԼҲ֪
ҹôˣҲ̫ѿĹɷݣ˾ԸعҸӣҲϣܽš
ô̱ϣйɶͬ⽫ҲѾûκοԻתˡ
벻ףļƻûκε©Ϊʲôأ


75 
̨, 䵽ͬ˵ĶУȻǼ˻ϲ˳
ûа취Щ˾ѩˣֿʼһֱ
ҲΪĴ, ܹӱ, ڱ˵ĴԺͻᡣ
⼸, ڹ˾Ҳ˲ˣҲӲ˵Դ
ǰʱ, ΪȻҲǸŭԡ
ҲҸԿ, ̨ˣζʧȥɽ
ǰ۸, ֻҷ, ȻҲŹʹˮĻᡣ
ԣǷǳ, ְֽ顣
Ҳ֪˷ϴ, ǰְвѹ˾˵顣
Ҳͨһһİ˳ټܺߵıϣҲЩ鱻ʵˡ
鱻˳ϵΪܵѩȻҲûס
ѩڱѹͬ˾ˣ߱ӦǵĴԺ;籾Ҳ˳
ľ޺ƽ飬Ҳ¼֮, ˸, ʹкʱ粨
ɻѩʵ̫ڿɶˡ
Ҳúܶ࿴˸еޱȵķŭ, Ժڱɿ
ûľ޺ƽõĸĹע, ڶȺ֮˸Ѫͷ
ˮ, ˮ龡ѹȥѩҧָڷתתȥ
ڵرĻңһⶼûУ鷢͵ʵ̫ˡ
ǵľ޺ƽʱһģһһϵʱ䡣
ǷӦĻᶼûУ֮ǰЩһһȫ˳
ʵ֤ݣвܺṩƵΪ֤Щ֤ȫϵʱбⶼԵޱȵĲ԰ס
ûˣ⿿ԼǸûа취εѹȥġ
̱ɳϣҲرľ
鷢ʱ͸˾εĵ绰ÿһζ赭дĸ˻
˾ѾٸκεĹˣҲԲǵ˷ʱˡ
һ㣬ڵһαزĸ˸ʱѾˣġ
Ǵʱ򣬵Ǳߴĵ绰ѹػʾʱ򣬲˾
ΪѩľˣѩЩ飬һ㶼֪顣
ҲЩ鶼ʵġ
Щ֤ݶһһϵʱ򣬾˱ѾûκοԷˡ
ܵģҲţ˾绰˾ǲܻҵģΪ˾ô档
˾ôԷңѩԼľ˴š
ûа취ʵûа취Լ뿪Ȧӵ顣
ѾϰֽԵ뿪Ȧӣûа취ټȥˡ
һɣ˾Ѿٱˣûпֵ÷зЩ
ԼЩʲôﲻһЩȫع⣬˾ôܻΪͷ
ڻһ롣֮ΥԼǷܹ⳥ġ
˺ƿѩ㣬Ȼһϵıˮ˹˵ĺ˼ڡ
ôһṦѾӵ˲ٹ˾ҪԺԼĵ绰ˡ
һˢˢֻ㿴Ѿ˸ѩԼѾѡ
ˣһˣܻзĻˣԲˣѾױ˾ˡ
ǰʱɣȻѩ˰ɣҪݼûݼֵȥͦ˳۵ġ
ȻԸȷʵЩ̫ϲٲʲô캦ɡ
йоϻ˵úã֪֪治֪İ˭ܹ뵽ѩȻô񶾵ء
Ҳţѩѩ϶Ǳԩģǲܻģôһˡ
ûѩѩ϶Ǳ˸ԩģǿ϶Ǽѩѩ
ҽЦЦˣЩ˿ûٱѩϴ԰
϶Ѿڳô֤ˣһôܺ˵֤ʣǾȻǱ˸ԩģ
ЩѩǱԩķ˿ǣҾǣϵЩ֮
ǵô˵Ǳԩֻģ
İѩˣͻʮ˲ó
Щѩ˵ķ˿ǣǵĹۺúõĿ
Щ˺ĺӣһͰЩûгꡣ
Ƶ¼ǵô˵ѩǱݺģǱԩֻأ
ڵ黹ûһۣ˭Ҳ֪ʵ྿ʲô
˵Щֻֻ޶˵Ĳ²ѣϵĶټ˭ܹ˵أ
˭֪ǲˣҪ׬ȡȶȣŻعЩν֤ݡ
׻˵úãɵ۳̣ɵǸ˻ġ
ĳݶ˼ˣѩĴ֮ˣҲʲôֵ鰡
Ǳ߻ûеóʲôأƾʲô˵ѩѩҲǲ֮һ
ҲѩѩǸ۸ҿء
ûǸֵĶЩûа취Ǹѵѩѩܷ𣿡
ûЩѩѩûκεĹϵҪ˵ҲֵĴ
ǹ˾ܹˣѱǲһѣͨһġ
ֻ¶ˣԲ˸İɡ
鱻֮־˸ѩѩԼ
˾ѩѩ
˵ˣ͸ǵعһʹ֤ݶ˦ˡ
ҲӶ뾡취Ϊǵѩѩѡ
ѩѩŻǿҪˡ
Ҫ˵϶ֵ˷ԹŮĶ˵顣
ԲŻὫǸ˴Ӷ»ǸŮ˵ĺԼ
һͬǲһӴһˣ˵ģԹŮ飬ҪǸ̻ˡ
ǰȻ۹ˣǸʱңϹԼĹˡ
̫ˣֻҪһ뵽ǰȻϲˣҾ;÷θ
ϲѩ۵㣬ֻҪҶԼһֻӬġ
Щ˸Ͳϲѩѩ黹ûһأǾȻЩڷƵĹѩѩ
ҲԸôʵϲˣ
ЩƵЩ¼ҲκοΪѵĽڡ
Ƕѩѩİֻôһ¼٣ƵȻҲٰ
СѣҪˣеķЩƵ¼ûκٵĺۼ
ʵɣϲˣΪδеǰ
ѩȥȥҪ˵ŮӦֱӱ̡
ǱˣҪ˵Ӧͽ̡
ǵĺ뱲Ӷжȹǻ
֮Իŭĺ޲ýѩ̻ˡ
Ϊϱ飬ʵЩĿĺͲš
ȻҲ֪ȦȽң˭ܹ뵽ȦӾȻҵ̶ȡ
˵ѩ㲢ûн֮Щ飬ôҲΪڶͬܺߡ
ʹڲ֪㣬ʹΪͿһ죬ΪһͿȦ޼ɡ
䵽һ³˵ˣһжľȡ
ϱ飬ɲѩ壬Ŀŵ۸ͬ˾ˡ
һЩΪֺԼһЩڴУв˾ϰȥǵƵ¼
Ҫ֪Щϰǻûг갡飬ֱ˷ָ
ϱس飬ʵ̫ڴĿˣܶڿϢʱҲֱӰ˾
ǾҪһҲҪʱġ
һֱڷУȶҲԽԽߣעչҲһֱڳС
ѩķ˿˵ЩڿЩعƵ¼ʱ
ʹòţʹ÷ǳʹ࣬ҲѩǸȫһˡ
ǻһַ˿ԸЩѩġ
һֱڽѩǱԩģǱݺģǲϲżһ˼ˡ
Щ˼ƫķ˿Ҳһֱϸ˶ţѸѩǸ
Դ鱻س֮Ͼһֱһʮֵ״̬
֣ȴʱֵĻС
ѹֵգպϢУڶЩ㱡
֮ǰ̸ľ޺ƽ飬˭֪һ˲䣬һһ˾ʮ𾪣Ҳʮַŭ顣
ϸһ룬֣Ǹ˱һѬĵˡ
ƽ㹻ĻҲڵЩУΪߵЩУҲƽһϯ֮ء
ĻҲ˵Ҿһ䣬Щ飬֮ж֪ģ
Ŀɨڻˡ
û˿˵ʹѹֵ˶ҪˣҲûڴĬ
Ƕư𣿶˵𣿡صĴŻҵӡ
ŭʾ޷ѹµŭ
ڲǷŭرʧû뵽ԼĹ˾Ȼô˵顣
ȷʵһΨͼˣǣȴһΪĿĶֶεˡ
˵թ˵ı㣬˵˵ֶΡ
˾ʱϲ󣬶ڱˣֶΡ
ԣЩƵ¼ʱһ۶Ҫ߸ĸо
û뵽ֻЩСëЩɫ𣬾Ȼ˽вѹǿȹ˾˵
ÿ˶ٶЩСëСȱ㡣
ԣĺɫǰʲô⣬زסߡ
ʵȴݺݵĸһƣΪԲԽߵǸˡ
Խ˵ߣǰɥĲ顣
һ飬飬˭֪ģ˭ǲеģ
ܡպ˿ڿˮǳˡ
˵תͷպ죬Ǳŭյͨ˫ۣ˲պӡ
պʶıƿߣ˫ֽץӵķ֣ҵǩƽ˾ʱ򣬾ñ¶¸ˡ
ҲǴ쿪ʼ¶¾һֱھƽѹв
˾﷢飬Ϊʲô㱨պ졣
պ̧ͷЦŵֻǹ˾һССְԱ
ҸûмܵĻᣬǹ˾Ķ£ܾãнЩĻ𣿡
Ĭһ˲˱ۣƺƽϢԼŭ
һεֵж룬ҲͲٸλˡ
֮ͬȰǻץʱȥףܹԼȡһĻᡣ
˵üģЩ֪飬ȥлҵˡ
ǵлһ֪ȥ֤ˡ
ָЩЩˣЩܺһ
龯Ѿˣڲվţֻ֣©
ЩĴҵˣҲõɵƲã󵽵Ҫξ񣬾ͿԼˡ
˵Щ֮뿪˻ҡ
ֵô֮ǰζ벻ġ
ڣһε飬ִԵĴ
ܹЩӹ˾߾ܹ֤Ժ󲻻ٷ顣
ܹЩѾ˺ܺһ
ִӴ˲ҵͷҵҲֵͦõġ
֪ЩãΪЩ˵ﻹЩ֪
뿪˻֮Ҳ½½뿪ˡ
֮еЩˣֱӿȥ˾֣Ϊ֮ĵ˰ѻ
Ϊϵ¼ƵҲͦȫģټ֮һЩ˵ָ֤
һЩںĴУҲ½½ĸ˳ӵƻٶȻǷǳġ
첻ʱ䣬ץҲѾץ
һε飬ֵʵӦǴ»Ľ׶εġ
Ϊͨһεİӣܹչô˳ȫֵȫϡ
Լ֮ṩĸָ֤ݣܹǽĻЩˣһһ̨
ҲΪ飬ԭ۵ֵ󲻽ûµõ˲·˵ĺøС
ټ֮󣬻͸¶֮ҵеܺߣһЩ
·˵ôĿΪǹ˾
ĳΣҪЩˣЩҲѾҪˡ
͹ҵЩ֮ܺ󣬲ûнһ㣬Ѿõ˵ĺøˡ
ȦھһεĶ֮Ҳڳ˺ֱܶӾͷ顣
һε飬ҲöӦǾ䡰ѣѭǲֻʱδ


76 
淢Щ, ¼ƽĿǺ֪ġ
ʱǣͷһЩ͵ɽ塣
ǲ¼ƽĿһ, ɹЩ͵ɽ, ˡ
, һǱȽϲֿȥر̼Ϸġ
һ˶ǰɽԵر˷ܡ
ǰүүµʱǸ衣
رϲкһˣ, ΪǶһЩȽϴ̼Ϸ
Ƿǽ飬˵, ûʲôսԵġ
ӡΪ̵һξǣкһȥɽʱ, ֱӴӰɽ顣
һȷʵ˵Щ, ֱҽԺ²ųԺ
ҲǴǴ֮İְүү, Ͱø, ҲȥһЩȽΣյ顣
ԣȥȽϴ̼ϷҲǴǴ֮Ҳûˡ
ڿЩ˷ܣЩԾԾء
ҪǣڵѾС, ǰСʱ, ԰ȫûһر֪
Ȥȥ, Ҳû, һ»Լʲôĺ
ɵ֮󣬶ıԼ, ǲôԼļ˱֤ҲȥǻΣյĶ
һμӡսʱļʵҲǼԵġ
ؾ˵ദȥˡ
ѾСˣļʶһ㡣
ΪСʱһ⣬ļЩľԱˡ
һμӡսĽĿص̬ǷǳģҲ֮ΪʲôǩפαԼҪԭ
ΪͨĿԼļˣѾˣСʱǸùȫԼΣĺˡ
ɣȥǴͷ󡣡Ҳܹóص˷ܡ
Ǿ飬ӦЩǰǡ
Ȼʦô˵ˣҲͲˣǾʦһϰɣҾ͸ʦɡ
˵ǵһȥһȥûʲôģĿҲǷҪһ
ҵѽħǹİɣǹİɡ
ôڵĽĿˣһڵ¼һģ϶ڱαİš
ȻҲ࣬ҲзߵıΪʲôҹǿţе˫ȷ
Ŀôʱˣҵڲŷ֣Ƕؽûһ֪
Ǹղ˭ؽڿɽʱһʲôı飬˷ܰǿûУ
شСϲֱȽϴ̼Ķ
Ļڣú£ر˷ܣһСʱ䶾ˡ
¥ϵѸؽСʱ鰡ϸĸ˵һ˵Сʱؽʲôӵġ
ڶȽϺСʱľαھ˴µ֮ҲΪ˵һͷˡ
ʦСһ㰡ȥĻȥʵϲȥĻҲҪǿԼ
ϸϸһμһķߡ
Ҳһһ鲻䷳ظ֪ԷҪ̫ǿԼ
ҲҪ̫ڵˣ˰ɣʲôзˡ
£ֻҪϷҵЦǺǵĴȤһ䡣
ǵתǰɽϵʱ򣬻ûס˿ڿˮ
ԴμĿ֮ԼǴ˺öǰûдɹĳɾ͡
ͽ飬ǰĻ˵ȥˣ붼ܻȥġ
֮ص˿˫ץסͻʯͷʼʵˡ
˵ˣĿ׼һڣҲܾΪΪαġ
ٲѡһԲʵȥɽȥս
ԣȻѣҲȷʵһһĽӽɽ
ʦҪ¿һֱͺˡ
ɽͣƺ¿ףر˳
һϰ࣬ú£¿˭Ҳûа취֤᲻־
õİ취ǲҪ¿ֻҪɽͺˡ
᱾ҪתӵĶ͵ͣȷʵͣҪ¿һ¾뷨ġ
صĸ֮ҲʹͷϢ֮󣬱һɽǰˡ
ʵɽŵɽľ벢رԶĹУҲܹоץʯӦöǱġ
Ϊǵһγ飬ʹбʩʹ֪ĿǾԲüαİΣЦġ
ĹУҲЩ־
ԵɽʱҲȥ˲Сʱʱˡ
ʦѾ˳ĵɽˣôҲȥˡ˵仰֮Ҳ˷Ӧʱ䡣
ٶȼʯڳ˹ȥĹУһֻرһŶȥ
ʦĵĲһĴ󰡣ÿһֱȽΣյʱԵر˷ܡ
ʵǵıӰӷЩп
ΪһÿһڿĿ鰲һЩȽΣҴ̼񻷽ڵʱ
ƲסĲЩĿ־壬ڿصı֮
ӷҲЩʵеʱҲֵرӲҲֵ¸һ㡣
ǿ־壬ͲܹƵģ֮ǰ߹ľŵʱһ
ҲԼǿߵͷģǣ־岢Ϊ¸ҾͷŹ㰡
ܹóʦӦرϲֱȽϴ̼Ϸɡ
ڼ˵ṦǱ㿴Ѿվˡ
һ°ɡӷԥҪҪվʱ򣬳ˡ
ʦʱСһ㣬һҪעԼİȫ
ٶһҲνǰһҪȷԼİȫ
Ҳ֪ǲΪмԼǰ
ӷڸߵʱ򣬱һֱڶ̶ԷһǧҪСġ
İɣ͵ǾԲǿġ
ڿǰʱ򣬾úҲرѡ
˵һ¶ԾͷĻҲе˵ȥ
ܲȥһ£ԸԸȥԣǾһˡ
¼ĿһˣҲϣԼźԣͦϣԼܹ˳ġ
ʦǼһˣҲ֪ʦܹ֧ܲɽ
¥ϵѣǲڿǼϳ£
ϳȻһ㣬Ǿûģһǲɵġ
ô˵ͲˣϳǸСӣô˵أ
ҾóʦɽûʲôģڱȽϵĵľǼСӡ
Ҳе㵣ģǼСӵСѾ˽֪ˡ
ھͦϣСܹ֪֮һ㣬һοɲϴһ
һ̱ľмȥһֱ̱˰ɽ
Щ˾ôСӵ𣿡
Ƕ֪ˣ֪СԣǰûʲôӿԵġ
ΪغʵǵĹвûгʲô⡣
ܹóĹ̻ǱȽɵġ
ԹҲû֮ǰ񻷽ڵʱôˡ
˵ĴȤУҲ˳ɽ
ҡȥˡӷɿڣ֮ǰûǰһΣȻҲľ޺ƽߡ
𣿡ɫЩ׵ӷɣľЩġ
û£Ҿ볢һ£ʵڲУǲǿԼġ
ӷϵĻߣθϴľϲһ
ľϵʱûκεķһ˻ߣҲܹһ㡣
û𣿡ӷɵĽĿõġ
İɣһȥˣǲʲôΣյģҡ
ƽЦЦ˵ˣֻ볢һ𣿡
ȻǶѣѣҲΪĶԷֹԷȥ԰
ľ򴽣Ҳû˵ʲôˣֻǿǰʯ赣ЩĪ
Ʒɵ˫ֽץסʯ͹ʯͷ
Ҳ֪Ϊ˻ߵԭ򣬻ΪԼá
ʼʵǵʱŷ֣̲û֮еôѡ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱμض˵Ļû¿һֱɽˡ
ҲΪӷɵעһֱɽϵϣԼ֮ľԽԽ̵ʱ
ӷѾʲôǺ£Ϊ̶˷
ǼСǳϢ˰ھȻôΣյûкˡ
һжɵļӸС
Сô¸ҵ񻷽ڣǾúο
ڳ˰
ھֻʣľӰƽСˣҲɹǶʱһεĽĿҲҪˡ
ˣȻϾҪˣ᲻ð
ĺϣ˿һֱȥ
ûֻҪˣҾܹһֱ׷ȥĺ᲻ǰ
һ£ǿƽСڸʲô
һֱ׷ĿĹ˵Ҳľ޺ƽĵӡ
ԣǷܹɽ飬ûκλɵġ
ǣڹڱǶԼαĲᣬԸĿʱ
ȴֱУѾ÷ߵľޣȴվߵƽһץסɷ˵ľͽϵķ߸
һĻ˵ǹЩ㲻ƽʲôˣ˷ߵľޣһ±Ƶӡ


77 
ƽСڸʲô֮ǰڲ², ǵľӰķߴĲ̫գ¸һ¡
ǣڿƽС㽫ľӰķ֮߰, ֽԼķҲ, ҾЩԻˡ
ҲЩ㲻, ϴľǱߵʱûз߱¡
ƽС㶼ҴľϹȥһ˷ߵı, ǰ漸Ҳʵǵͦ˳ġ
˵ƽСҲ߶ȸе־, ֮ǰľǱߵĸ߶ȣҪ˶˰ɡ
벻ƽôԭ򵽵ʲô, ĻҲһɫһԴʺš
Ϊͬ㲻״ľ˵, ƵĶˣֱʾͺˡ
ѧ, ҵķߴʲô𣿡
ûаƽЦеĵ
ǡľ޿һ۱ƽһߵķ, Щͷԡ
Һ°ƽžǲԶʯڣ˼ڣҸľ޶׼ˡ
ʦ
ҿָֻ߰˵Щʲôģȴƽһҿָ߸˻
˼Ҷ˵Լָ, ѲǿȶԷ
, ƽĲ˵ԼָߵĻʱ, ֵǻǲܿƵĳ˳顣
ƽôָܻ, ָߵĻʱͲܴľ߹ȥˡ
ôأҲֻܽƽָߵʵˡ
ѧ㡭
ҿָ߰, ߶ȿȥͦ˵ġƽ˻ľ޵֣ҵģ԰ɣ
ԣҲùֺµģǻǲҪȥսˡľ޵üۼ䶼ȾЦ⡣
˵֮ǰЩ벻׵Ļôƽ˵Լָߵʱ򣬾ѾӦˡ
ѧ㣬лл㡣ľգգۣЩᡣ
˵ÿһ仰ƽ֪Լ¡
ԾͱȥԼúµ顣
ָߣЦİɣ
ŮǲǿĿϾҪˣΪ˸Լȡľͷͻ⣬ôһ
ľӰĳ̶ȣϵĴԶİ
˭᲻أĿˣŮҲ԰
ǳ˵Ӣѹ˹أڿҲѹ˹ذ
˵֮ǰַǼ飬ܺô࣬ƽôƯòᡭٺ١
ǵ׻᲻˵˵Ͱͱϣû֤ݵ飬ͲҪˡ
˵⻰ЩЦ˰ɣƽ֮ǰһûС
û֪ĴڣԴľӰع֮ǩ˺֮ͬ
ƽľӰİ£ĳ˵Ұ֮С
ôԵı仯۾˶ܹõɣ˵֮װ׵ģ˭Ű
ԼҪñҲһ
ľӰƽСͬѧ֮ǰ¶ƬҲܹóǵĹϵǷǳõġ
ľӰع֮չչԼĺʲôԵ
ô鵽ǵͱˣȻˣͿá
ǵһ£֮ǰĹϵôõĻ
ƽûκεľӰ֮ǰΪʲôϰ
ΪʲôԸˣҪ˵϶֮ʲôף˵Ĺϵ
ʲôвĹϵڽĹϵҲǺġ
ǣİϵ
ûľӰǸƽʲôǣܹõԴľӰĹ
ڿ϶ҪúõİͽľӰˣϴڹľŵʱľӰǱֵе
ҾľӰе㺦£ֲ˼˵
ƽΪһ㣬Բʱôһ
Լ£ľӰûӣֶθ
ƽ˵ԼָߣҪսϷڵʱ˵ĵĻҲʱ˸ı䡣
֮ǰ˵ƽǱľްȶȣΪ֮ѩ飬ûʲôȥעˡ
ֻ֮Ҫ飬ҲĻᱻ˸ġ
˭֪ڡսĿʱ
ȶȱƽҪߵʱֱ̣˸
ɢҲƲʲôˮ
Ƿŵʱȶֱ˲
ȻڵһʱصĴǡսľӰƽĻ⣬Ǳѡ
սĿͦģ˵컹ֱһ졣
ԣֻҪǴšս΢ڵһʱ䱻˿
ܣѻҪ𣿡˵仰ʱФͶЩࡣ
⼸췢Щ飬Ǳһ鶼Ҫࡣ
ؼǣ޲ߣҲ벻õĴ
˴ľ޺ƽЩҥ˲Ҫ˵֮⣬ǹ˾ĿǰҲûʲôõĴˡ
ˡα˫ۣѾûʲôôˣ㳷ȥҲȻᱻ
˵Էˡսȶߵʱ
ڣֻҪϡսĻﶼϡ
ҲǾͦƣģǹ˾ڶ֮˭ʱһŶ֡
Ѿ˰ɣ
ˡФ˵ͷ
ˣȲùˡ˻֡
ǡ
ôʲôõİ취𣿡̧ۿ
ФԹԵı죬ʲôõİ취УҲüչˡ
ˣɡ̾һ֮ǰɽ˵¾磬׼ʼ֮ǰĵǲ硣
Ҳǽŵõ˲ɣʽĻҲҪȵˡ
뵽ʱɽ̲ס̾˿
ۿۿۣ
ü޼ƿʩʱ򣬰칫ҵű˸ˡ

ܡ׺պ˽
ΪϵİɣҲûʲôõĴ
üģҲǾԼһͷô󰡡
顣׿պһۣǱߡͬƽΪǵĴˡ
ǸܾҲǺ顭ȵȣղ˵ʲô͵̧ͷŵĿס
ͬƽΪǵĴˡظһԼղ˵Ļ
ľ޺ƽ¼ơսʱպ߾һֱڸǱԽӡ
ǱȻûȷľܾҲûиǺ
ҲûΪһֱûа취̸١
ϾεĴ˿ɲô׵ľܹȡġ
ԣҲѾ˴־ս׼ֻҪԷûȷľܾ
Ǿʹ߻лģѡľ޻ƽ˵Ƕ׬ˡ
֮Ϊľ޺ƽƵѵԵʣ׺պҲûټǱϵˡ
Ͼľ޺ƽѵԭ򲢲ôãһǶ˵Ҳһֺˡ
ƷƷ˵ˣǿ϶ǵһʱųġ
׺պû뵽ǣ߶Ѿˡ
ǱߵĸȴͻȻϵǣ˵ϰѾƽΪǵƷƴˡ
֪Ϣʱ򣬲׻պ죬ӦĳЩ˵Ķ硣
ǣǶԷĵ绰˵˵ޱϤġ
ϾҲѾԷһµĽˡ
ǵķȷУţⲢǶԷĶ磬ƽΪǵƷƴˡ
ȷһϢ֮պ׶Щ벻ףΪʲô֮ǰԷһֱϵͷ
ȴ֮ľ޺ƽسƽϢ֮İˡ
ȻЩ벻ףϢڵ˵ǸϢ
һֱڴƽǱľްģƽõԴҲȫΪľ޵Ĺϵŵõġ
ҪƳҥԣͱʶƽļֵ
Ҫ֪ƽܹ֮õЩԴǿʲôĽ׵õģǿԼʵõġ
񵱳õŮŵĽɫһֻҪܹóʵϵЩҥԣȻҲͻ᲻ˡ
һιҥΪľͨɽԾôһΣҪƽǱľްһ޻̸֮
ҪųһʹľĵλҲòĴԡ
ܹЩ˱ԼͣΣǻػԷõ
ΪʲôʶʳԼʡ
ԭǱû˵׿ڣҲͦԷôͻȻɿڵģʣԷûн
Ǳô˵
ףǱ˵֪ڵѴֻҪͬ⣬Ǳ߾ͻ̷ųϢ
üͬⰡõĻᰡ
Ȼ̫Ǳߵڸʲô
ǵĿʲôֻҪǱ߷ųҲܹˡ
ɹʶ֮֮Ҳͱøӵ˳ˣҲ֮ͬǰ˵
߿֮󣬱΢ϹƽΪƷƴ˵顣
΢һ˲˷ڣܶԭԹϳԵýζѡ
ڿϢʱǲ㱻ԼĹϸҭ
˶ڻɣһ߷ºţڶ档
ǵǵȥ֮ŷ֣ʲô߷ºŰʵʵڵģεĹٷ΢˺Ű
ڿϢ֮ͻȻͷԼĹϲˣ˵֮ǰҳԵĶǼٵĹ𣿡
Ҹоʵ̫ħˣΣ֪Ǹ𣿡
ҲЩ㲻Ĺϵ׸òȥˣ
Ҿ֪СģȻܹΪεƷƴˡ
Щ˵ƽСֻܿ˲ܹõԴˣôĴˣ
Щ˾ǿñ˺ãϱ˵ô𣿡
Щ˵ƽСǿľӰõЩԴˣҾǡ
ɽһʲôǲ֪ƽСܹõɽݵϿɡ
ʵɲ˵ʲôĹϵ
ǲһֱ˵ƽСǿ˲ܹõԴ
ôǸңεƷƴˣҪʲô˲ܹõأ
ԭĴر𻶿ĺǣڿϢʱҲȫϨ˻
εƷƴˣƷƷͷͬĻ
ǸܿνĹϵõģһ㣬㲻ȦҲ֪ġ
ʱεƷƴˣһǹʾڵΡ
ںܶ˵֪ҪΪεƷƴ˵ǰǣڹһ֪ȣ㣬ȡĻᡣ
һΣѡƷƴˣǾ˵۾
˵˲ܱû೤ʱ䣬ҲųԼĹâġ
ƽС˵Ǹ֮ǰȷʵϵЩҥԡ
ΪСһľӰѪܹõЩСˡ
ʮ֣ص˵ԲرǸĶȥ֮Ĺϵ
ҲҪƽС˵ԲһֱʵͦƽСġ
Ϊ˽˷һ
ԣڿ˵ƽСǱľӰʱҾͶӵˡ
Ϊûг֮ǰľӰûб֮С
ǣ˵ֱԵķһʱ
ľӰǻᱻָ¼֮УЩ˵Ķ⣬Ҳǻ᲻׵ϡ
ȴ֣ԼҲΪԼǰΪһˡ
ûκ֤ݵ£ԼĶȥԷ
ԼĶעڱ˵ϣΪرĿɶҲ֪һԲ𲢲ĨԼЩ顣
һԲҲܵ˺
֪ܸģĪɣܹʶԼĴĻڹѾܰˡ
ǰ㣬ܱЩ֪ԼȴԸϣһֱ˺˵Ҫǿ
һԲȷʵֲʲôǺܶʱҪҲǡǡԲ𡣡
ƽСǲƽЩģҲϣԺľȻԺľ޻úദ
ɻɣ¥ϵĽڰʾԺҪһúõĿCP
¥ϵˣȷʵҵʵ뷨ľӰƽС㣬Ҷͦϲġ
ԣҲϣҵķ˿ܹƽദЩûа취ǵCPҲ벻Ҫ˺
Ҳ˵ģһǻĻģ
ҶϣϲˣܹԴ
εķϹƽǿľ޲ܹõЩԴ˵Ҳͽʧˡ
ľ޵ķ˿ƽķ˿ھһε֮Ҳøӵĺгˡ


78 
ľӰʦôˣôѷ߶ѵˣ
Ϊ̫Զ, Ҳ˵ȻҲ֪Ƿʲô
ʦеָߣսڡ
ľӰǵʦһЩ̫ȫ, Աһߡ
ֿڸ漸λ֪ļαһ¡
ָߣ˶һ, 鶼Щ, ˵֮ǰûзľǸڵĻ
ƽ˵Լָ߻Ƿǳ˵ģʱǴľ߹ȥˣ˵Լָ, ˾ǽڰ
ôģҲܾĿŵĽԼﻰ˵
Ȼľ޺ƽѾ, ѾĿĵصˣҲʵʵĵžͺˡ
һҲ֮ǰľ, ҲûбҪҪȥһߡ
ʵɽŵɽľ벢Զ, ľ޺ƽҲ˰Сʱҵʱ͸˻ˡ
֪·ôҾӦõһѡġһԼĸ첲, һ߰Լûѡ
һΪҪɽߵɽ, ҲҪߺüСʱأ˭֪Ȼʱ仹Ҫ̡
뵽Լ֮ǰ׼뵽Լץסʯ֮ǰЩ˫֣ӷҲЩп
ǺڵҲ̸ϣϾ˵ҲһκܴͻˣԼǰ顣
ڿʼ¼ƵǼ, û뵽, Ŀ¼Ƶʱ, һô᲻á
ߴӼ˵һһɨ, һ£໥, ໥Ȥ
ΪһûЩ˵չˣܸͼֲڡ
ʦҪոô˸ĿˣҲûԼһ£ȵСƣԸС𣿡
һͦյˣ˵ΪĻЩʱ
򵥵ļ仰ļЦ
˵ģĿϾҪˣĿ׼طֱ
ұΪ֮󣬻дڵأڽĿǺ𣿡
Ҳһϲ˸յˣὫմ֮ҲЦŴȤ˼Ŀ顣
ؽ˵Ķ԰ħĲаαѾҪˣҲϽαȫϯ
ȫϯЦˣħô󷽵Ҫ˵ܹαһС˾Ѿˡ
ô˵ҿɾҪˣħ־С϶еİɡ
˵Ҹλʦȫϯ϶ûеģǴ϶еġ
ǵֱϾҪ뵹ʱˣλʦŵľϲҲѾ׼ˡ
ǸλʦǵĹ˵ټʱˡ
ֵʱĵĻȫѵİ
ħҺ㣬ûиǿϲĴͲҪ˵ˣֵθڵΪʵ̫ˡ
ħ֣б׼ϲб·Ÿǿ
ҪҲ뿴ֱһٿȥ
ħ㲻ӰǸα׼ľϲҲӦЩۿֱĹһ۸
ǰҲǿα׼ЩʲôⰡǳԲҲа
ħ֣֪ܹǵĵĻҪװԼ
α׼ľϲǺ˽ܵĶȻֻɼαˣǣ붼Ҫ밡
ĻϸָİǾޱȵ泩һܼǳ˰
֪ˣǾԲǵġ
ûûҵż񰡣ҳϲġ
ˣ˵ʲôýֱʱҾǲһӵġ
ʱ򣬹־չֳԼ˽ֱ뵹ʱʱûȥڵĵĻ
ڸùصֱʱҲûһӵԥ
ˡؽԼϵվ˫ַߣллǣһ¹úܿġ
ҲǣллûҡӷҲѧصӴ˼䡣
ʣµĸˣֻЦеĿСᣬûѧǵȥ󺰴С
ֱˣһЩ̫Ӧվ˸ǾȥĿ׼ľϲɡ
ղ˵׼˴⣬һͦڴġ
ʱ˵ڶӰɣоѾܳʱûгԹķˡ
ӷԼĶӣԴǵһƫ˽Ŀ滮·֮֮ҲûٰսĿ滮·ȥˡ
֮ڼ䣬ҲȷʵûٶˣΪϵƣĶȻҲûжôóԡ
һ뵽֮ϾܹԵķˣӷɻЩġ
ڷص;УȻҲͲڼԼ˫ȥصľˡ
Ȼڻȥ·ϣѾ˴ĹߣǵǻصǲμʱǸԺӣҲѾߵʱˡ
ĵһ飬ȻȻصԼķ䣬˸裬Ȼһɾˬ·ˡ
ΪѾ֮ǰ˼ֱľͷˡ
ľʰԼ֮ԺתһȦûзƽӰ󣬱ԥƽķš
ѧ㡣
ƽǶȥһ°
ѧ㡣ľ޴סƽ죬ǸΪ𣿡
˵𣿡ƽľ޵֡
ԲôǨҡľ޵ЩƵġ
̫ųˣŻҪԷǨԼ
ɵϡƽƫͷţҲǨǨ˭Ϲ
ľһ£죬ҪҲѧϹŶԡ
ţƽüִ˴ľ޹գȷ
ȷľ˫ֲԵõʮ㡣
ǲһĶӵ˭ˣƽľ޵ǰת
ľһ죬ʶı˫ۣɵƽЩߺֽԼ˫ַ
Ǹʱû׼˵ˣǸʱڼ䣬ʵġ
ľǼϳϣ֮ԻĶӣΪˡ
û׼׼𣿡ƽʳָľ޳ϵĵһŦŦϡ
ľʶ˿ڿˮȻˣʱԵġľҧҧԼ⣬Žһ仰˵˳
ƽľ޵Ķߣô֪㻹н͵ϰ߰
ҡûСľޱ˵ԼֻЩţһ뵽仰һ˵֤𣿱̽Ļ˻ȥ
ͣƽûסЦ˳ľѾɫĶ
ѧ㡣ľһֱӿƽϡ
Ϲƽľ޵Ķﴵ˿պ
ŲҪľޱƽʹ˫ȷҲèץƵġ
ƺǴ粽õģľ޵ϹϹǺúðţúŵģһ㣬ǻ粽õġ
ôӲƽĲҧһ¡
źߣҲܣҾϹѧšľһƽľ硣
úúã˵ʲôʲôľɿڣƽöԷСĹֿɰġ
ƽ˵һ㵹ǲôںģղҲֻ붺ľ޶ѡ
ȥɣȷŹˣ´ʰ㡣ƽľ޵ĶͷһЩҵ·ͳ
´λ֪˭ʰ˭ءľ޺Сһ䡣
ҾĿԴˣ´ôʰҵġƽľ޵°ͣһ¡
Լͣľ޾ԼһʧˣһʼʱͱƽĽˡ
һˣɲʧȥ뵽ƽĺǾϹľ־Լ׬ˡ
ԼЩ̵ľɵһע⵽ſЦĿԼƽ
Ϊ֮ǰѾ˼ԼΪˣһΣľޱֵرӲߵƽߡ
ƽ¶һЦĺţһǣͷҲصˡ
Сĵ㣬¥ݡһĶӵĳˣƽЩЦá
ľӰʦˣҸտõ⣬ǿҵա
˵أǻ˻֡
óԣգϵǾƵĴˡľ޽һ֮󣬳˴Ĵָ
Ϊʱ䶼ûгԹʲôķˣԲŻĸо
˵ţԼոտõһݸľޡ
˵ģʱûгԹóԵķûйϵĺܺá
ľ޴˴еļᣬҧһ֮Ҹ۾
ѧ㣬㳢ܺóԵġľ޽ԼѾйһڵļݵƽߡ
óԡƽҧһ֮󣬺ĵĿ佱
ܹõôߵۣԺȦ첻ȥˣ꣬ӦҲܹΪС˰ɡ
ܵķű˴ʳˣصľ޵϶ͣһᣬǱ߻ĵģȹȥɣҿЩ͹
áľƽŲ˹ȥе
ʦһ¡ľ޺ƽڲرẰһ
ôˣʲôҪæ𣿡ʡ
ûûСطҡҡͷǣҺһ˲õ顣
ţ
ԥһ£ΧֿǣľӰʦɣҾġ
ǵȻİһӶûԥģcp۵ǿĵcpİ
Ҳ˼Ǳ߿һۣҵ˼ǣľӰʦһˣcpΪһ𡣡
ʲô˼صĻ￩һ¡
ǡͻȻЩԥղΪ̫˷ˡ
붼û㽫Ằ˹ڣĽԼķ˵ˣ᲻ľ޺ƽӰأ
㣿ôԥЩˣѲķʲôˡ
ǣҸղſľӰиӡǽԼ˵˳
ӡʶĳŲԵ˿˹ȥ
ʦһѣҿ˰ɣҲ֪ЩCPۣжôϣܹһġ
˵ǿĵˡһ֮ῴص˫۶ڷ⡣
صΪˣķľ޺ƽ֮ĹϵҲǾԲܻᱩ¶ȥġ
ھ֮ҲѾݵǷˡ


79 
ѧ, ûоеְƽĻľȻǲرȥעغġ
ֻ죬ǱߵĿһĹע, ȻҲͷغ֮еصġ
˵ֻЩصҲ, ˵ͷֹһ֮, ʶؿһǡ
Ҳ˵֣ص, Ծͣƽϵġ
ˡƽǱߵ˿һۣ̲³һ䡣
ƽ, ľеʱЩٶۣ֮صҲѾǵһˡ
֮ǰ¼ƽĿʱ, ˾ǻʱʱĴյһ
һ, һһľһڵддġ
֮ǰʱƽоʲô̫˵Ļ, ԲŻѡĽʽ
ǵ֮һʱ, ķʽʱ
ʱʱͣߣԼ֮ԵЩ˷ܵ顣
һ֤ڽ飬пǸľйصġ
ҲǴǸʱƽѾڿľCPĸоˡ
ֻ飬Ҳȥ֤, ȻҲֻܵûпˡ
ֿ˴һֹʱ, ƽЩϰΪˡ
𣿡ľ޵Щ, ľЩֵֹİ
, ˡƽľǵͣһС鵰ǰ
Լǰĵ, ľ޺ܿԼղŻھˡ
ľõسŵ⣬ƽеЦ⣬һۻԶˣƽü
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾظոտЩ̫Ⱥͼˡ
ѲὫ֮ˣ뷨ոðʱ򣬾̱ƽˡ
ƷǱȽŵģȻҲŶԷǲܻġ
ظոտߵߣƽЩ⡣
ľޣѧ㣬㳢
ζƽϰԵؽľɢĳĶ󣬿Ϊٶƽͫһ
ʶĽľ޼ڶĳ˳ĳĲڵ
ôˣľͷ
ûʲôƽԴȥʦǡ
ҡ
Һܿͻƽְסľ޵ļû
ðɣѧľҲûм֣ƽҲһֱ֮еġ
áƽЦЦֻתʱϵЦݱʧӰˡ
뵽ոڷ淢飬ƽҲЩյģǸӡͦ԰
ѹܾؽոͬ
ڿӦطľ޲ϵӡˣ뵽֮ǰȷʵжľ޲ӵľٶƽ̲סü
˵һµദʱ䣬ãزһὫ˵ȥˡ
ľ֮ʵ̫ˣʹأɻǻ̲סȥġ
ʦôˣϾͺˡƽԭ۵˲ͱ졣
ȻҲȷʵͦģǵԭ棬Ȼǲ¶ġ
ķ࣬Щ鶼ġ
ΪһϸCPۣǾԲǰġ
еʲôƽˣǿȥͦĵģ֪ܸܲҲһ¡
ؿһۣ˵ı鶼Щ΢ȷʵͦĵģ۵飬ûа취ƽġ
Ҹʦ˵ڿ˯ĴˣҲٳȱٵϵʳˡ
һ룬˾رĿء
ƽ˵ͷȷʵͦ˿ĵġ
˭˵ء˸
ʦȹȥɣҿϵЩҲ͹ȥˡؽϵĿⷭ˸档
ǸӡǲͦԵģأƽ䲻ðһ䡣
۵һеļӣֱӵտϣһ͵ĿǰЩЦƽ
Сһ㡣ƽӼ˹
ллллʦʶĽӹ˶Էݹļӡ
ЩҵٴνտϵĿⷭ˸棬ȫЩողŷġ
ЩţƽոյǸ⻹ߴת
֪ôȥҲ֪ôȥӦԷ
˵Ͳ֪ƽ˵ʲôĻղŵĻңѾȷĸ֪˶ԷԷ˵ʲôġ
cpץҲˣҪǣеʲô֤ݡ
ڣѯʣǲĿеʲôǸ֤ݣ
ڵӦôӦӦôӦߵȣͦġ
㷭Ƶǲеߣ𣿡
ƽûʶԼһôʯƾ⡣
ҲûпΪ⣬Щ޴ģ
طſһ٣ڷŹѾػز֪ٴεĿ⡣
ʦǸҡؿƽһֽۣ߷ϡ
᱾һֱڼĽԼĴڸУյ֮Ҳ֪ʱԼѡ
ʦ
ʦҲ֪˰ɡῪڣƽĻסҪĽڡ
һ飬һ£ջǵ˵ͷ
֪ط˲÷ֵĶ֮ʵҲйҪ˽һľ޵뷨ġ
ϾľޱȸƽҪ΢ϤһЩģȻƽѾ֪ˣǸƽ˵Ҳһġ
ô˵ЩҲھͷµģЩʱ򣬺ܶ౻ԼӵĶ
ܾͻᱻЩ۽𾦵˷֣һε顣
ҺһηأЩΨ²ҵֹС
ûпˣʦˡ˵ſء
ؽŵ˿ڿˮƽߣӲͷƤͦԵġ
ƽüģȻҲѾˣҲͲˡ
Ҹľȷʵڽ飬ϣλܹǱܡ
ȻԷѾˣƽȻҲûٲҴŵĴˣǴ󷽷ĳľ֮Ĺϵ
ʦģҿ϶Ǳܵģұ֤ǾԲ˵ġ
˫۷ĿƽĿĵ˰Ѿ˰
Ǿллˡƽ֣ص˵лҾȹȥˡ
ʦȥɣľӰ󶼵żˡǸCP۵鶼Ѿ¶ˣҲͳ׷ŷˡ
ſĵķ·ǳ˷һأƽھЩЦͬʱҲЩƵġ
ΪһCPˣȷʵЩⲻЩCP۵Ŀ֡
ⲻⲢҪҪǣѾõصĳŵ
ʱദҲԸţԸŵŮĻǱܾ͹ˡ


80 
ΪϲǽĿα׼, ǽź֮Ҳûٳˡ
ȻеĶҪαԼ֣һµ, ҲͦϰԼˡ
Ҫ, û˽Ŀļ, ˵ʱҲ͸ܹˡ
õֻ֮󣬴ϵʽ, ԺлĻҲԼһۡ
ӷʵͦ᲻ýĿģһµദ, ͦϲ⼸һ¼Ŀġ
ǿ϶ˡЦŵҿûǣ˵ҪҳԷ鰡
ʦ, ʱʲôͳʲôӷԵرĴ
óԵôܹûءὫִӷɵļ, ʱɲҪҷ
ôأʱ϶þƺò˵кšӷЦŵ
Ϊ, Ҫֵ, ټϼҲְҵе⡣
ֱ֮Ҫٴξһ𣬿ɾͲ֪ʲôʱˣһΣֵҲе
ȵڴϢʱҲѾ賿ˡ
ѧ, һǾʦֵֹ֮, ˵˸òᡭ
ˡƽЩЦĽضľ޵Ļͷ
𣿡ľ޻˻ǣһ, һ˵, еʲôĻܲܰһء
ƽƫͷ, ΪںģҲͿľ޴ʱ顣
ľ޵û㻹Ҫ򡣡
ٺ١ľ޷ƽҲҾǾְҵɣҪһͦѵġ
ʦ֮ĻкøеĻһͦϣܹߵһģϣΪ˼ɶ
ңҪһ𣬿Ҫƽɶ˰
ƽ򴽣غ֪ľн˴յһ뷨֪һʲôı顣
ӦûȤɣ뵽Ǹ棬ƽЦ
ѧ㣿ľЩɻҲû˵ʲôرЦɡ
ƽ֪ʦCP۵ɡ
֪ľƽĻ˲䣬黹׿ڳϵġ
֪ҲCP۵𣿡ƽ˳˳ľ޵ĳ
ľЩȣʲôʱ顣
ľϸĻһ£Ŀʱصıֶͦİûп
㲻˵ʦЩֵֹ𣿡ƽЦ
ֵֹģصĲΪڼУǸйأ
ľЩΪ˴һΪ˴˿ۡ
֮ǰֱʱ򣬻ǻʱʱĸ˴һ¶Ļᡣ
˭֪˻һ̸飬ȻΪ˸ӷĿƽcp
ǰƽľ޵ҲֻСŻ֮еʲô
ľޱ˱죬Ȼ֮ǰ׿ڳԼƽCPۣ˵ʵľѹûš
ԴͷβֻǾΪƽ֮ĹϵԲһڶѡ
ܹ뵽ֻҪһʱʹһƽ
㲻Ǿʦ֮еʲôûҲΪ˵CP۰
Ȼ֮ǲеʲôCP飬
񵱳ľһҲĪľ˴cp
ֻҪľ޿ľͺã˵ˣ˲ҲڿǵcpѰ
ѧҲcpľЩȣôûзƽİأ
ûСƽЦЦҾǿʦغͦĵġ
ܲľ޽˽Լƽ˫֣ɲƽCPһ֪
˵ػǾͽcpˣҪǣcpдСģľеʱҲǻȥһЩġ
ֻ飬ƽˣΪʵ̫߳ˡ
뵽ʱľͻȻ뵽һ⣬˫ۿƽ
ʦǵCPˣ
黹ʲô𣿡ƽЩƣľڵķӦûŹǵcp۰
ľޣҼǵǸμӽĿʱͦİԣĹбʦӰ𣿡
ܰɡһ̬ǰת䣬ƽҲԻǷǳġ
ѧ㡭
Ѿ֪ˡƺ֪ľҪʲôƽȸ˴𰸡
ʲôľʶô֪ʦ˵ģܰ
ʶѿڶľҲͺܿ췴Ӧ˹ĿԸͲڡ
˰ɣȻеʱȥЩ̫Ϊദ˺üµѡ
ľ޶ڶԷƷͦŵģٶԷԲֻὫӦ˵˵ˡ
Ҿڼ䣬Ҳûʲôñ鰡ôģ
ľ޾رĲ⣬ڼ䣬ΪҪ˼ɾͷƽͦעѽ
ô붼ûлᱩ¶˹ϵΪ
ƽĬһ£ԼĻﱧĲӣͳĵΪ
ľһ£ˡ
ǸҲáƽ̾һ˭ܹ뵽ء
ò˶þͻӡȴģͱۼظˡ
ѧԺҪۼڸεĵطаľͷ׼ƽĴǡ
Σƽҧҧľ޴꣬˿ıݣͷľ޵ĳǳ﹥Եء
ȵԷĺЩѵʱ򣬲ýſ
ſĶߣ˻ƵĵεĵطҾĽܲء
䣬ƽ㺬סĶطô
ľƺһҧס´ļʶı˫ֱƽı
ƽֻƶţľ޵Ƥܹ⻬ȥָоһޱȹ⻬İ
ֻͬǣܵĲǱ䣬ǹ̵¶ȡ
һΣһСһġƽĴƣҵԼΪĵط
ȵ¶֮ľ޵нһ㱡ˮ
ƽͷҧ´ƺڼʲô
岻ǵ¶ȣľԼҪȼմĴ
ȣЩ͵Ķ˶ӣҪѰҵһйڡ
ѧ㣡
ԡƽĭϣСԷ̫ţ̫£ɤдԵɳƣľ޵ĶУǲһջ
һ˫˫ۿƽ˫дһ˿ţһ˿£һ˿ڴ
£ڡƽɤ͵Ц⡣
Ŷδ֪ĺ棬źͿƽԴ
Ļ䣬ƽЩ֣뵽ԼϲĹ
ƯƤ˿ϷƤУ˴εζҧôһڣޱ֭ҧС
ζһ˲ǻͨ泩ʳָ󶯡
ʱƽǴ򿪵СУŵԵƷǴСĸ֭Һüۼ䶼˼µС


81 
۾ʱ, ľ޲ŷԼѾûˡ
һԼϵ˯£ľ޵е죬ǵԼԺ, ƽԼȥϴ 
Ǹʱʵ̫, ƤѾûˡ
˺ʱ, Եɵɵ˯ˣں浽׷ʲôȫǵˡ
»˯, Ѿװ׵ĸ, ƽѾˡ
뵽ʱľްϱ㸡ֳ˵ķɫ
Ӵ, ľԼЩ۵, Լ֮ǰԲѵ˵ҪʰԷģڡ
оĳЩ̫ĵط, ľ޵͸ˡ
Ȼϵʱ, ǲûнеһǸ÷ҲѾˣҲѾˡ
ͷԱڷŵ·Լ·ڷ£ľͻȻ;Щ߳ܡ
ˣûʲôĵطƽŽ, 㿴ڴϷľޡ
ľޱһ, ˫ʶץϵı, ۽ë΢΢, Щˮ˫ۣġ
ѧ㡣˭ʱ, ľ޽񾭣Žķ
ƽ΢תŹغãڳ氾˵࣬Ⱥȵ㡣
ƽϵС룬ľޱ˵ǵԼϴ֮ٺ࣬ǶӲʱ˵Ľľ޽û˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ȵӡƽһľްűӵ˫֣˸ͷľ޵Ĵ˴
ľ˳캬סӣóԣȻѧˡľ޵üۼ䶼ȾЦ⡣
ƽûпľ޵Ĵ϶ͣһ˲ľ޵ĴκƯСɱ
ǸոձˮϴӣңС磬һһҪ京е
ƽǿԼջߣĽİࡣ
ѧ㣿ƽһֱеİ࣬ľСĺһ䡣
е̡ƽֶһ£ԡ
šƽԺ¶֮󣬲ŽӵݵԼߡ
ľǵЦһֱûʧһƽƽİ࣬ӲǱԳࡣ
ѧ㣬ʲôʱˣľ޿ͷϣ֪Ϊ˶ԭ򣬻Ϊϵƣۣܸоʱе˯ˡ
ʮˡƽָľǵһף붼û룬ȻĽͽԼ
ľ˫ۣЩԼһȻ˯ôʱ䡣
ǣƽһٶ֮󣬰ӣ㲻մȾЩĺΡ
ۺɫ⽫ǰɫеʱ򣬸ľ˼ǿҵӾ
뵽Ϸ飬ľ˿ڿˮü´ûٿƽһۡ
ҸպѾϵˣ˵ķɻ˯һᡣ
ƽеС£סľյĳĶ󣬶һٶҲľ΢΢ĶⱩ¶˿֮С
ƽһ£ľ޵Ķ䣬˶ԷϷĺʱҲЩ
ʲôƽսľޣ촽ǲСĶ
ûûʲôĸоӶӣȵϢҶľʶץµıӡ
˯ɡƽľ޿ͷƽʾ
ľ޵ıЩͣǹԹԵѧ㣬ˡ
˶Ѿˣھʣˡƽľ󱻽ǣѾǴкˡ
ˣϵʽҲѾӹˡƽֲһ䡣
ľ򴽣ѧΪʲô뵽ԼȻһ˯ʮ㡣
ľ޻ĪľЩ߳ܣ뵽뿪ʱԼ˯
˵ҲνˣֻҪһ뵽һľ޾;Լϵȶȣܹһˡ
붼룬ľ޶ܹ϶һûпԼֵʱ򣬶֪ԲЩʲôٶ˵Ļˣǣ̫߳ˡ
ô࣬Բ϶˯һƽľ޵Ĵôۣ
ƽĻһڣľ޾;ԼϵһĻǷŵӰһͣԺлطš
ɫԽԽ죬ľץϵıһԼԴסˡ
ôԼƽЩЦõĳ˳ľϵıӣģʲôҲ
ѧ㣬ǰӵġľ޳űûֻ֣¶һ˫۾ƽ
ѧһ׺ߵ˰ֻҪòͻ˰Ϊʲôڣһ㶼ߵ˵Ļ
Ϊ̫ζ˰ɣֻҪһ㣬뷨ͻԶҵԺ
ľ˫ƯĴ۾ЩĴ㵣ƽĶͷϵ㣬رζлл
ѧ㣡
ľҪԷһ㣬ֱĲӣ˸ֱӽԷѹԼ¡
ҪͷԷһ㣬ֱҧס촽ҿûˢ
ͣƽЦǣôôɰأûϵôҶǲġ
֮ǰأľ޳˫ۿµˣѧҲ᲻𣿡
ƽü٣ҲҪӵʱһ׼ɡ
ѧ㣡
ɵϡƽסľ޵ĲӣѹԼϣĴһ£ֻҪҳԽģǶġ
֮ƽҪ֤ԼԷ飬ɵ⣬˿ľ޵ıݡ
˰ɡ΢΢ɫͨŮˣƽֲ˲ľ޵ǡ
ľգһ˫۾ƽûпڣƺƽԼĺ
ƽ˸űľޣһԵıӸ˵ϣ˯ɣ㡣
á˵ԼľޣƽǾ仰ʱ򣬽ԼԴƽĻꡣ
һ˶˯ñȽϳȵƽ۾ʱѾˡ
һԼﻹ˯Ůˣƽü֮䶼ȾЦ⡣
Сˡ
ѧ㡣ľԼ˫ۣ˸Ƿѽ
ˣȥϴ衣ƽ˲ľΪǷˮ
áȻôӦģľޱƽ˫ֲûɿǽԼԴٴƽĻ˲䡣
𣿡ƽľ޵ıʼ˼Լǲ̫ˡ
ľޣˣҾһ
һ£ȥϴˮƽľ޵
ллѧ㡣ľƽһ²ɿ
ƽϴԡ֮ľҲϴӴ֮һȥϴ裬һȥǵĶ
ΪƱģΪ˲ɻ˸ط˵㶫ȥ˻
Ϊƽ֮ǰպ绰ʱ򣬾Ѿ˵Ҫǡ
˷ɻ֮ȥ֣ȵ˾ʱҲѾˡ


82 
ǲڵʱ, Ȼô飡պ׶ʱ䷢ĴŽ⡣
ľԵüȾָпһ֣ɽз, ǧĸд
֪³, ľҲǾͦ, ˵Ϊ˸ƽҲٸһЩѵ
Ľѵ, ˵ͷ㲻, ڣǸ, ҲܵӦеĳͷˡ
ڿʼ, ҲǲٵĹ˾˸ǴСЬˡ
պһ仰Ϊ˶ܽᡣ
Ҹľ֮飿ƽܿͽԼע, ˵תƵľ޵ϡ
ľ޽Ŀʱ, һֱŸ顣
յ³ɲʱ䷢飬պ˵ɡ
ͲõˣѾٶǲʲô̫Ӱˡ
˵ʱպʵͦĵģ˵һʼʱ, ȷʵЩͷö
մͦԲ, ľ޺ƽ, ʹһα, Ҳʲô̫ĺ䶯ˡ
뵽ʱպּ򵥵Ľһ¹˵ŵ˵һ¡
Ҳ˵, ʹ˱ҸѧнνʵҲʲô˻ˡľͻȻ˾ˡ
ЩҲֻʱģȻ˵б۵ģΪвûʵ֤ݣȶȲŻĵҲŸ鰡
׿ľһۣƮƮ³һ䡣
ľЩӣҲûʲô鰡
ûáϰԵԼͷȿԼаļƳʱüĺݺݵ
ԴԼ˱ľ֮㷢֣ѾܾöٵͷڿʼѴѵѷˡ
ȥĻǲò˶ãҪǴٷأҪǵĲǴٷĸӵˮȽϺá
뵽ʱתͷƽߵľޡ
׽㣬ôˣ׵߶Щ﷢ëľʶץƽ֡
Ҹ˸ҪȥĸԣѾФ˵ˣʱġ
ûϢʱŲŽľЩġ
ŵһε˿Ϣ죬úõһƽġ
˭룬ջϾҪȥˣһ㶼뵱һҵ͵Ů
ֻѧ㣬ϣԼԸһԼᣬӰʲôġ
ϢͱˣʱǲܵģʱʵʵĹú׬ǮҪЩеûġ
֪ˡҲ֪ǲΪоǼǿԹ
һΣľʲôû˵رɵĵ˵ͷ
ƽǱѾӦǵƷƴˣʱҲѾԼˣһȥ
Ѿľްŵװ׵ˣպҲѡʱ򿪿ڡ
ʵǱ߲ôżĻպ챾ƽϢٹġ
ǱѾƽƷƴ˵Ϣ˳ȥȻҲͲٵ̫ˡ
ʲôΣ֪Ǹ𣿡ľЩȡ
šպ˵ͷ
ѧ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣȻõεƷƴˣǼҵĴˣõĿɶǹʾǰ
ľԵú˷ܣûססƽһڣ֪ѧģġ
ȣһ˵պѾ֪˵Ĺϵ
Ҳܵ˵޼ɵɡ
ľ޾û׵Ŀƽֱ֮˲䣬ȫ˷ˡ
ܵ˵Ǳһ˫˹𣿡ԼܹõõԣƽҲͦȵġ
ǵãԷ˵Ǳߣһ˫˴Եġ
ҶԷᵽľޣҲ˵Ǳ߶ڸľ޺Ӧġ
˵Էշ˫˴ԵľôʤҲӦľ޲ŶѽΪʲôѡأ
˫˴Ե飬Ǳֻ˵ȷʵ
ڲû㣬ڸӾģҲ̫ʣΪʲôջѡΪǵƷƴˡ
պĬһ£ҲǺȻƽ㣬ҲäĿĿǵʵ
Ϊʲô϶Ϊѧˡ
ľһȻĻǵƽ˴ǡ
ûȻԷѡ㣬ǿ϶Ϊ㹻㣬ԣҲԷƱ
ڶԷΪʲôѡƽԭ벻ǾͲˡ
˵Ǿϵڱĺ£ȻڱѾҵԼͷˣǵȻҪȥȥץסˡ
˫˴Ե飬˵ûĵĴ㡣
Է֮ǰȻиľ޺Ǿζ֮лģҲż
׿һϵֱҪ˵飬ҲЩˡ
˵飬ҲͲ˵ˣԼҲ
ʱҲˣҲȥϢɣˣФѩأǾͲˡ
ã׽պҲȥϢɣǾˡ˵˵ͷľޱƽ뿪ˡ
ѧѧ㡣˵֮ľһԵؿƽûоãպ׽֮Ĺϵ˲٣
ƽбľһۣôǲǾ֮䣬ҲЩʲô˵飿
ûСľҡҡͷҾǾһ²պ׽Ĺϵ˶ѡ
뵽غ֮飬һΣľǾԲϣԼƵ뷨ġ
ԷõĽͣƽлһĨЦ⣬һĵҲպ׽Ĺϵ˲ء
ʱ䣬Ϊ֮飬ûͷ۰
ôһ룬ǾЩͦԲǵġ
ľ޳˼һ£Ҹղſ׽񶼵ͷأ⼸оһĸӵˮȽϺãʱΪ͸ɡ
ͣƽЦ²밤˰
ġľҡҡͷΪ˱Ⱔ򣬵ʱǸɣˮ飬Լȥİɡ
㰡ƽľ޵ֻҪǵ飬׽ͷٵġ
ľͷҿպûеͷѽ
˵ǲӦĵһպ㣬õʲôӵϴˮ߿׽㽻һ»ķ
ƽһ£պûеͷףȵӦԼʲôʱƽҲЩЦá
ЦŶľ޵´Ұպ㡣
ллѧ㡣ľƽĸ첲ЦɵƵġ
ŶԷɵӣƽ㺡
֪ľתעҪ̫δ˵⡣
˵ʵһʼʱƽȷʵǱȽġ
ΪĿУǸľޣΪʲôĻᣬȴ䵽Լͷϣ
ڣƽȴ֣ԼȷʵЩ̫޴ˡ
ܹõᣬ֤ˣһһıøӵ
ֻбøԼʸվľ޵ߣΪǸܹЯֹһˡ


83 
Ϊߵ, ҲѾ֪ƽʵϵˡ
ԣľȻҲͲٱˣֱФ꽫͵סĵط
ǻȥʱעⰲȫѩФ뿪֮, ľޱֱ̱˷ɳϡ
ƽľһ, תϴԡ, Ƚϴˮź֮󣬿̱ɳϵľޣЩεҡҡͷ
ȥϴˡƽľ޵ǰ, , ϴͿȥ˯ˡ
Ҳ붯ľգգ۾, ѧ, ҺҿɲԲϴ谡
粻Ƕϴ, ϲϴҲǿԵİɡ
˯ľ, ƽһԼľ޵ء
ջЩεѡ˷С壬Ҫ˱ԡңǳ˵Ρ
Ȼ¶ҪǿʱͨҲȷʵ
Ҫһ˱, Ŀǰ˵, Щ̫ʵġ
, ϴͿ˯ˡƽľ޵, ҪҰϴ, òã
ԭЩľޣ仰ʱҲ˲٣ԼԵġ
ľ޴ɳŲæĳԡҵķ˹ȥ
ľżæıӰƽ΢΢üǰʱҲûô׺߰
ľ޵ķҵ˯£ֻ뽫˯·ԡſڵƽ
̽ԵתһȴŸûľ޸ղŵǸӦΪԷὫŴ淴ء
ԥһ£ƽ˽ȥ
ѧ㡣ľ͵˫ۣ㿴վԼǰƽ
ƽüе˯·һߣŹϣһ߽ľޡ
ЩߵľޣڿƽޱıʱҲЩѧ㡣
ôͲҪǿ´οɲˡ
ѹԼղתʱûľԼָʲôء
ʱƽȫˣ첻Ļ
ľ޻ֱ̱ɳϾֱ˯ˣҲܻԡ
Բѧ㣬㵣ˡľԼͼԼһ㡣
ľҲ֪ԼΪʲôô֮ǰҲ˯ͦʱ˰
ҰɡƽЩ۵ľĵЩգһ£ɱ˯˰
ľ˯ˣƽûĽ˸طȥ
ѧ㣡ľһƽԼϴ裬һ룬ľ޾;ԼѾѵĲˡ
ƽ˵֮Ҳûиľ޾ܾĻᣬùһԵԡͷһˮ£ĳʪϴˮʼϴͷ
ľ޸ղŵǸ֮ƽ˵ʲôǲٷһԡҵġ
һ㣬ľȻҲģƽ֮Ҳ͹ԹԵû˵κηԵĻˡ
ƽ˫ִľ޵ĳУеľ̲ס̾Ϣ
ľ޻˯ʱȴ䲻Ĵ˸飬͵˫ۣѧ㣡
šľ޵ӦһϵĶȴδͣ¡
ѧѧ㣬Լϴġľץסƽ󣬡Ѿѹˣұ֤ҾԲԡ˯ŵġ
ǵģ£˯ĻǲǼ˹ˡ
ץסԼֻ֣ƽߣƿǰ
ľǰĵۣƽĺ˶
ƽߣľʶؽԼˮ꣬ķɫҲһһӡ
ÿģ첻Ҳԡƽͣһ£Ҳȷʵûôϸ
ѧ㡣ľЩգΪʲôռ·Ǹֱ˰
Ͻϴľ޴Щˮ˫ۿԼʱƽԼһŻȼա
ƿߣ˿ôһ仰Ǳ뿪ԡҡ
ƽ뿪ʵ̫ڸɴˣԭԷľޣŶԷ뿪ıӰԵúǴ㵡
һ뵽ƽոտԼʱԵùڳȵߣľޱ˫ֱԼ
ƽпͿǡҲҪܾԷġ
ֻЩĺ߶ѣ֮ǰʱľһֱԼƤͦġ
òܷʲô飬ǿر̹ȻԵģ顣
ļ֮ףûа취ȥ߰
ǱƽʱľԼ˶Ҫһ㡣
ԡûвԸⰡҲûҪܾǸ˰
صԼһ󱭱ˮԼ¶ȵƽ
ɲ֪ʱԡҵľޣ׶ԲЩʲôеûġ
ȵƽƽԼ¶ԼԺеǸ˦Ժ֮󣬲Ÿҳԡҵķȥ
ǣһ֮󣬾Щʳ֮ζˣոգĲһҪƲסԼˡ
ԼƽԼҪٺ˼ˣ컹й
ɲʱľˣûԷղŶҪԡ˯
ϱһıˮƽʣµһҲȫȥһʱ䣬ֿһ۽յԡҡ
ٵ˼ӵƽջǱǸ˵ĵռ
ľޣϴûУ÷ȴûеõκλӦƽ͵ƿţȴ˫ֱϥԡŮˡ
ľޣƽЩ
ѧ㡣ľڽԼ˫ۼԴ̧һŵĿԼˣȻָ̧Լһơ
ʲôƽͫһȥץסľ޵֣ϵĺ۵ĲУԼ
㵣ˡƽɫΪ¶Щ԰ףľ޾;ԼǸ쵰
ƽ֮ǰôԼԡ붫Ǹ˼Լ
һñһ£´αˡƽľ޵
ѧ㣬ղš
ţľ˵һͣƽЩɻ
ҡļ̌ͷƽһ۱ѸٵͷûвԸġ
ľ޽ŵץԼָҾЩߣǲԸ⡣
ƽգգ۾տʼʱЩûǿľ޵ķӦ֮ҲȾ˵ǳɫ
뵽ԼսʱǸ棬ƽ̽Եĵ㡭òΪҸղųȥΪ˰ɣ
𣿡ľգգ۾һ˫˫͸¶ЩĿ
ƽǲɵ
ѧ㡣ľ˴ǣ⸱ģȥҪж
ƽûҵԼƲסҪ㡣
˵ʱƽ˫Ҳľ޵ļϣһ΢һԼģ̫۵ģ˭Ҫôջء
ѧ㡣ľץԡףδ³촽㱻סˡ
ֻҪССĳͷһľ޵ƽһӴӡ
ʲôҪԼʲô컹ҪʲôöԷ̫ˣЩдԺеǡ
ڸĴ֭꣬ҺһӴʱԺǸǵң㳹ױˡ


84 
ѧ㡣˯Ժľ޲ߵĶ, ʶץס˶Է·һֱԼ˶ԷĻ
ڻ, ƽ˲һҪŶԷ˯ĳ嶯
ѹֹо糯, Ż, Ҫôǿܹƿ˶
ʱƽãƿľ, Щ̫а
Լ˲СԴƽ˲;, ԼԺǵǸңѾʱҪϵļˡ
ѧ㡣ľޱƽ, Ļꡣ
ž, ľ޵ǻʱƽԼԺǵǸ, Ѿ׵ıˡ
ʲôҪȥ, ʲôҪʲô˷ɻʲôܳٵҪԷһºӡͳͳצ۹ȥˡ
ƽ˽ŶԷ˫֣Լľ޵ľѴ, ˿, ı۾
ʲô, ֻ뱧Ż˶һ˯
, ֻϢʾŵƽһ, ۾ƽһ˿ã
һӣƵ뵽ʲôһ㣬͵˹Ż˯ˣƽһ˿ա
ǶԷĶͷƽ㾿֪֪ڵжô˰ľֻ뱧㣬һһ붼뿪
ƽ˿ڵľ޻˯ûѹȻĻĻֿסԷջ󰡡
ƽԼһ£ʹеĴ̼£ǽľ޵ִԼֻԷ˵ԼĻ
ٴνıԼˣƽǳ˳飬ԵرĿգڵҪǲǾûа취뿪ˡ
룬ƽ֣ľ޵˯е˶üͷƽɿ֣ʵ᲻óѶԷ
죬ľҲȷʵЩ۵ˣľ۽ǣƽҪȥˣҪȥ׬Ǯѽ
Ҳ֪ľ޵ƽĻûƽĻ䣬ľ޵˫־ͱĸˣƺǲŶԷ뿪
űԼԸֵˣƽԥһ£ֻڶʱ򣬻ҧҧ˺ģľ޵ִԼ
֮ľһѣ˴ԼĻ˳ȥڿľֹʱƽۼֿĽԼͷ˹ȥ
ͷ˻ԭΪϤϢʧüͷľޣƺΪŵϤģܹԼĵζ
üͷҲչ˿ľûѹƽҲ˿
ľǣƽҲûԼһСľֽ˸ˡ
ֻһʱ䣬ֿһ˯ľޣƽ˺졣
ǲľ޵ģûסһڣЩûпסԼľ޵Ĺ磬صҲԶԶϢһᡣ
һҪѩФкľޡ
ľ޵˯գƽʹԼתϴԡңʰ֮ƽҲûٿľޣͷҲص뿪ˡ
ܻͷƽԼһͷֻΪǸڿɰ˯ղ뿪ĳ嶯˰
ǣôԽԽɰԽԽأȵ¥֮ƽ㿴˿ڳͷԼպ졣
뵽ԼڷĥĥöԷôãƽҲЩ˼պ㡣
ϳɡպ첢ûΪ̫öʱ仹ܳԣֻҪǲٵû⡣
šƽӣֽ˳
ѩФ˵һ£ʮԺȥľޡһϳƽ㽫Լ֮ǰһֱڵǵ˵˳
áѩһ£֮뵽ʲôһ㣬һĨ˷ܵĹâ
պתͷƽƽĲͣһ˲תط
պ㡣ƽʶĽԼպߣĿʵЩ̫ˣƽҪӶа
ǡûڱȽԵĵطʲôɣպԥԥǽ仰˳
ʵҲǲʵģƽղŵĻʾʵЩˣҪӶа
Ƕ˵йŮһңɲһײǹ߻𣬵Ļ˴ŮҲͬõġ
պǵģҪ鶯һʱʧǣﻹ֪ʲôʲô
ľ޻ƽǶ㹤ģڲӡǵĵطӡǣ߾Ҫǰ׼ˡ
뵽ʱպѾֻóˣ׼״绰˵һˡ
ûСǿպд绰׼ƽ˰죬ڱ֡
򵥵֣Ƕڴʱƽ˵ֱ֣Ⱳ˵ѵˡ
ƽһҪԼ˶ĳ嶯ǣ̫߳˰ֱǹ̰
ڶѩФ绰֮ǰƽԴ벻Լ⻰һԼӭľ档
ܹһʶһĻԻѩĵĸ˵Բᵱպ˵顣
ȷպ˲ѿڶһڣ˶һ£ƽϵĴ㵺ǻĿɺΡ
պҧ⣬Щеĵҵ˼ǣǡǡ
˰պ쿨ˣͻȻʶԼĻͲʺ˵ڰ
ѲҪ˵ǵ֮£ͲǵԼʲôطӡǡ
˵ڵĻ𣿿ƽڵ̶ȣպ컹һ֣ô˵ˣƽŻֱӴӳȥĸо
Ŀһպ콫ԭ˵Ļȫ˻ȥɶԷˡ
ƽץһ֮󣬲ŶľȻĽԼ
ȣպٴĿһԼߴƽ˻ֻװãϵðȫĿǰĶ˶ġ
ͺղʲôûʹͺʱЩյʼٸ߸Ͳһ
ãѩһûҿӣҲպ˵رϵ˳ӡ
ȻղųԹϳԵرĿģڶһر𼤶֮С
Ϊ˾Լĺ棬ѩҲʲôرԵıֻ֣ܽԼ˷ܺͼѹĵס
ֵľͺղŵʲôûһ˭ܹԻῴ˷ܵɵһ
ˣСĿĬڻţڹ찲գȴƽĵ˿
֪ղպǾǵʱĶҪɤˣպһ䣬ǵӡǶʲôطˣ
պʳˣƽĻطˡ
ԼЩ̵ӣƽֿһĿбӵպ죬ôһ˲䣬ЩڽԼľ޵߶Էˡ


85 
ѧ, 㵽𣿡ľ˯Եɵɵʱ򣬾Ͳߵ뿪ļ
ѹƽϷɻ, Ѳ, Ժ, ץƽ뿪š
ֱϤ˯ˣѹʱŷ֡
ƽ, ŵƽǶеͷѡ
Ծѹʱ, Ѿȥ˺ܾˣȥ, ҲѾˡ
, Ҹյƽĵʱ仹磬˯, ѩФ˵, ʱȥ㣬˯
ôңһȥءľޱƽͷԼԴͷƵġ
ƽĬһ£ͷһ۸Լе, ԹϢ, ҵǱ߸㡣
ѧ, ˡľ˿, ģ롣
Ҳˡƽ, ԵĻҪÿÿ붼Ǹ˵߰
ˣ߹ϻԹԵ˯ᣬҪǻˡ
áľսֻ˷ɻҪһʱҰ
áŶԷģЩߣƽüۡ
߰ɡƽҶϵ绰պѩſ˼׷˶Է
˷ɻ֮ƽһʱľ޷Ϣûյظʱ֪ԷѾʼˡ
˵ط֮ƷƷǱߵĸѾˣܡպɫװŮ֡
ˡΪܵһЦĿƽһһᣬǵһֱ׷
ллƽԷ֣һЦݣȲ飬Ҳ̫䵭
ջֵʱϵЦݶ˲٣ܹĳƽƺر⡣
ܣֱӿʼ𣿡պʡ
ܿż̧Ƕ³ҲˣСһ档
³պǾȣܹõεƷƴˣ˵ҲȷʵҪλϰͷġ
λϰԹߣպû뵽ġ
Ƕ³ϲС㡣ЦŵǲҪ̫ѹǶ³˺ܺƵġ
ȻܵĻô˵ģһ뵽ҪλεĴʼˣ˶ٻЩŵġ
ǵǼ˵ʱŷ֣˵ĲûдλεĴʼˣеȫһġ
ǵУλεĴʼˣӦѪŮǿˡ
ǰŮˣȴûа취ǸŮǿϵ
Ů˴һ׻ɫ֯ȹһͷ˳ĳڼͷʵıϼһ˿۾ǴŵЦ⡣
ıԼǿڹţǴӻ߳Ĺŵһ㡣
òϣڿԷĵһۣƽͶʣ˸Ӿ廯⡣
ʵǲ˼ΪҵͻȻҪ󣬵ǹʱ䡣
Ů˿ڣҲһᵽµߡ
̫ˣǵҲǡպ첢ûܵʱȥԷ֣һЦĿŶԷԷ΢΢
ǲôнҾһ΢еɾ͵ͨŮ˶ѡ
Ůǰպļ򣬡м仰С˵鷳ȸȥȵ裬ԵСģ΢һ
̫ˡպ쿴ƽһۣŻ뿪ˡ
ֻʣ˵ʱŮ˲û̿˵ߵ˰칫ˡ
˫ֺʮ°ϣĿֱֱĿƽ˫ԭһֱԵñȽº͵˫ۣڴʱȴЩϬ
ԭ񾲵ϢҲڴʱó
Էת䣬ƽһ㶼ûо⣬ĿƽĿŶԷ
ܹɹƷƣ˵Էûûļƣһۿ޺ǿɾ̫ʵˡ
ƽҲãղſԷһǼҪ˵Ļ˵ߵĽϲ
ͲҪ˵ʲô𣿡ŮջԼľ߹Ϣָֻ֮ǰ޺
ҸǣΪʲôѡҳΪǵƷƴˣԥһ£ƽǽ˳
ʵʵǣΪʲôңľޣǵģ⣬ôһġ
Ҫ𣿡ŮЦ
ҲرҪƽʵʵ˵⣬ȷʵЩ⣬û⵽Ҫ֪𰸵ĳ̶ȡ
ˣеĻҪȤƺǾƽĻشر˼ŮЦ
ƽ򴽽ǣƺ벻׶ԷЦ㵽ʲôط
ҲŮ˶ϵĿȺһڣ֮Իѡ㣬ΪϣҿҿĶľӰڽɡ
ŮõĲʾ䣬ǿ϶䣬Ȼ̫׶ԷĻԽΪʲôô󣬵ǶڶԷ⣬ƽǸ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
ͲҰȥŮü
ᡣƽĻشܼᶨҡҲ¡
һصɡŮʧЦ
ƽûгϣҲûзϡ
ΪǵƷƴˣʵ˽ĵġŮץϵĿȱǲμӵǸգһֱ׷һ㣬ҲҼڽݡ
ȻȦҲڶȦһ֪Ҳ֪·ߣһ˵ĹϵȦӣ»ȥ
Ů˵Ļƽüͷһһеɻ󣬶Ҫʵˡ
ɲţԷղſЦ˵ľ޵Ĺϵȥ
Ҳ벻ףԷΪʲôҪ˵ĻвҲвͺڸʵ
ӦҲ֪˫˴Եģ϶֪Ҫĵʲô
ƽıƺŮ˾رȤһ֮ſڡ
ͬԣ뵽ԷղŵǷƽҲһŵ뷨
ǡŮ˱ĵ˵ͷҪĵģһͬԵСƬ
ƽĬˣͬĻ⣬ʲôʱеģȦǵݻԱҲû˻ȥԳ֮Ϊɵġ
ԸҵĹ𣿡ŮߣƺǴĳֹƻ󣬡֮ǰ˵ˣȷʵ˽ģҲΪһεĴԣҵ顣
ԸꡣƽûжԥԷ˵ڴ˵ϣȷʵǳ˶Է顣
ллŮüۣǻʲôõ飬һֱ۵Ц
ڽһСʱƽһΣ۵İ¡
µ˹ǴʱڽµŮˣԼŵһŮӡ
Ů˵ĽУʶڴѧΪȤ֪ͬమ
ǶʱҲͨһԼᣬǣΨһͬľǣǵİ飬ûеõ˵Ͽɺף
Ψһֵҵǣ⵽ķԣնûзſ˴˵֣ǵˣҲǲҵĿʼ
Ϊమǲ⣬еһ˹ҲΪز뿪ûл˵ף
ǲҵģҲ˵ģΪһˣһֱ벻ߣȹеһ̡


86 
, ƽþû⣬ף, 񿴵Լδ
ҲϣԸԼ֮, ǣ, Ըͨһڴǡ
ϣǵʱջǱĽߣǶĺͲ⡣
С, ˵ǿ㣬ǿ϶Ǽٻ, ϣľӰ, Խҵԡ
Ů˲˲۽, ƽдЩЩ, һֱѰܹ·˳֡
Щ, ҲûнӴЩԸӴĵˣЩˣΪΪ
ҪǣǲϲͬԣıͲףҪ, ֻδ˵ͷ֪ȶѡ
Ů˼ٵ, ۼƵʧ, Ҫ, ϣǸ˵ƣһֱûؼյʱ
, ƼƽԼ׷Ŀʱ򣬶֮ϵĻɣȷϲ
ţ˵ĻһܹܺõĳҪС
֪ӦǿѣҲ֪һôѵľ
ҿŵֻҪԸԣôӽεƷƴˣ;Բѡˡ
ҲŵԺҲһֱվһߣǴԻԴҶȥΪȡ
ƽһֱûп˵ŮҲǷǳŵģΪڵľ޺ƽ˵ʵǲȱٻȵġ
˲ôֻԸȥ߽ݾˣԣƽǷԸԣŮһնûС
Ϊǵһ㣬ľ޺ƽԼǩԼĹ˾۵ʱվƷƴ˵ݣƽһ顣
֪ڵԼЩЯͼһһεĻᣬĵȲڶĻˡ
ŮЩƽǸӣеģǶ˵ǶƷƷ˵кġ
ܹĿ˵ѾȥˣͲں˾ʲôӰ졣
ʵԷĹ֮ƽǺидģΪидŲܹ׵صͷ
ΪǶԣʵ̸̫Ѻã˵ݵˡ
ҿһ¡ƽŮʧУ˵һ仰
ΪҪǣȥˣľޣԣҪء
ܹ⡣ŮʧһϺͿеĿƽرϣܹλ
飬һؿǵġŮӣƽּһ䣬̫ʱģôҾȥˡ
ȥŮûͼǷƽ뿪ˡ
Ƕ˵ЩʲôλϰûʲôֵҪɣƽ˻պӭȥֻ˲ܹСʵ
ȻǸϰĵһӡǳĺãǣպҲΪԷֵ޺
ܹôһ˾ôֵܻûһ㹥أ
ҪǣԷΪʲôѡƽΪǹ˾Ʒƴˣһ㣬һֱ벻ףұȽһ㡣
Ҳ˵պͷҪȥöȥĦԷΪȦӾ
ûа취Ķκ˷ɾ裬˵֣˵ƿɱȨʱˡ
˵˫˴Ե顣ƽСĻһ䡣
˫˴ԣպˣ˵ԷҪľ޸ƽ˫˴Եô֮ǰǾͲӦöڵİ
֮ǰ׺ͶԷӴʱ߸ûʲôرȷ򣬶飬ӦȸЩ̸ΪʲôҪƽ˵飿
պ㣬֮ٸϸ˵ɡǷҪԣƽʵҲЩҡڲġ
ΪľޣԷĹ֮󣬾ͻԥĵͷֻڡ
ȹ˵ɡѾ߹ˣպҲû̸ˡ
֮Ҳ˳ƽıȻҲ޿޵ģΪƽôõˣպȻҲǿƽµġ
֮ǰƽ˵˫˴Եʱպ͸оƽе֣ǸʱΪԼĴҲûж롣
֮Ĺպͷ֣;Ϣʱƽǻʱʱĳ
ǰǾԲƽϵġ
һҲƽȥжױպ㽫һԣżѯʲô顣
պ㣬Һúõһ룬֮һġ
ƽԼҲһ飬պ죬ԷҲﲻʲô
պ֪һʲôַ֮Եƽģһ˵
ҪǣԷѯʵľޣһ˵ܻҪûа취ȥľ
飬ֻľ֮پҪҪպס
ҪһҪʱҡȻƽڲ˵պȻҲȥǿ
֮ߵĹҲǸһˣҲûͣŵĴ㣬˷صĺࡣ
ȥúϢһѡһЩ籾ʱ㿴ûҪӵġƽͻסĵطպҲע塣
šƽ˵ͷ
ҾȻȥˣһҪҡպ컹ƽ֮ǰ״̬ԵǼ顣
ǶԷڲûĴ㣬ҲǸżûа취
һģİɡպߣƽڴֻվԱߵѩ
ʦҪȥľӰ𣿡Ӵƽߣѩ̽ԵĿʵ
ƽ򴽣Ĭһӣͳ˿ڴֻһ¡
ѩá
ƽ绰ıӰѩһĨǣƽ״̬Щ̫Ծ
һ㲻պˣȻҲˣΪܶûа취رֱ׵ȥѯʵġ
ǽպǷѯʣѩĶҪ̲סɣǲľ޸ƽء
ȥľǱߡҶϵ绰ƽ㲻֮ǰôˡ
ʦˡƽǸֳЦ⣬ѩҲź
ƽ͵ľסĹԢ¥£ѩ뿪ˣΪһCPۣԼѾһرҲرˡ
뿪ʱҲرģ֪ǣΪȥľ޵ƽ뿪ʱȴû¥һֱ¥ǻ
ƽĺܾᣬѽĹ½ľľ޵Ը϶ԡ
ͬģΪԼɣһ㣬ƽǺɵġ
ǣΪͬԭ򣬲Ż˵ľϣľ޸һΪ±ܼ尾
ǣûа취֪ľޡƽԼҪѳˡ


87 
ѧ㣡
ƽ˶, ſ첽Լľޣ˸ոձŵġ
ɵԷʲôʱüë㲻嵽һ, ôҲഩ·
ƽ˵žҪѵԼ׸ľ, ȴľްס, ҲģѣСĸð, ȥ
ƽͨľ۵Ĳ, סƽ֣Ͻطůһ¡
֮ǰƽ绰˵Ҫ, һֱûеȵ, 绰һ¶ԷûС
ǵ绰ȴһֱͨѩ֪ƽѾ, ȴûпƽȥ, ЩĶԷ
һͿƽɵһڻ԰̨ϣҲ֪Щʲô
ԼˣȻĻ֪Ҫأô, Ҳ֪ص֮, ȥھ鰡
Ⱥȵţůůӡţ̵ݸƽ, ľ̾˿, Լƽ˵Ҫʱǰ׼ţ̡
Ǹƽűӣû̧ͷȥľ, ʵֻҪ˼һµġ
û뵽Լôãľ޸Լ绰ʱû
ʲô𣿡ľ޶ƽǰƽľ
ôôİϧԼأô죬ʲôͲܵȻصԺȥ˼
ľʵҪݺݵƽһģǿԷЩ飬Ļô˵ˡ
е˵ƽֱľ޵۾
ʲô飬ǵȻ˵Ȱţ̺ˡľ޵˵ƽţ̱ӡ
áƽɵӦһűССڵĺȵţ˳ź֫űů
ţ̵ȶȺľ޵¶ȣɢĺոޱȾͽ飬ƺҲǰ˸ƽˡ
ˣڿԸҾʲôˡƽɫָľ޲ŷġ
ƽϥϵָ˶üëҲʶ壬ƺøôڡ
ƽСľüƽ¥ǻôʱ仹ûһϣܹó
Ҫ˵϶ǸԼйأƽģҲӲ˵ˣӦûɺܴӰ졣
ľûдߴƽΪ˽ƽƽξᣬ󶼻Ὺڵġ
ΪԼı׼ȥ׵Ķ壬ǷΪԷãģҲȥ
ˣܵĹϵҲὫѡȨԼС
νΪԷõ뷨ȥԷʲôʲô鲻һ㣬ľƽһ㡣
εĶ³˫˴Ե飬ϣԽԡƽûгĬ̫ʱ䡣
ֻǱȽϾ飬Ҫѡ
˫˴ԣʲôͬйأƽĻ֮ľҲЩĲ²⣬뵽ƽ֮ǰΪԼ²⣬Ѿǰ˾Ųʮˡ
Ȼʱ򣬱㿴ԼǸĵ˵ͷ
ûƽüģ֮ǰԷԼǸ£ָľ޽һ顣
½ˣ˶ûȿڣƺ˱˴˵˼֮УҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ļ̌ͷƽһۣ̽Եʵѧ㣬Ըҵļ𣿡
ʵ仰ȷϵʱľ޾ƽģ˸ոȷϵ
ԼƽȥԼļˣ»ŵԷŵǵĹϵȶһ֮󣬵ʱ顣
ڣƽԼ֮ľޱʱѾˣҪƽļ˻ֿף
ʲôƽ۾ƺǱŵˡ
ѧȥҵļˡѾ˵ˣľ޷ˣҸĸʵͦѧġ
ľգ裬֪ԸԳ׷ѧʱ򣬾һֱҿؼҿء
뵽ǰһʱ䣬ֻҪһ绰ĸĵһ仰׼ʲôʱܽƽؼҸǿһ
衭
ڰѧʱ򣬾͸Ҹĸ̹ˣûֹңһֱڹҡ
ԣ֪ڸѧȷϵʱ򣬼ֱұ˻Ҫģԣѧ׼ʲôʱһȥأľЦеĿƽ
ƽһ죬ľ޵ļûڴûΪ֮Ĺϵδ¶ڴ
֪ľ޵ļ˲ᷴǵʱƽʵǷǳĵģڿ֮࣬Ҳ뵽Լ
Լĸ⣬ٸ̸𣬹ԼȡҲûи̹׹
һΪ£ҿڣһ棬¿ˣȴò֧֡
ԣǸ֮ƽ׾ͽԼ˽ȥͺѾΪ˹Ǹ˽ܣ⣬ԸǸˡ
ѧ㣬㲻þΪѵģʲôʱ򶼿Եģǻû׼Ǿٵȵȡ
ƽɫЩ̫ãľ̶˶Էǰס֡
ҺڴܹļˣʱͽˡԺ󣬻ΪЯһˡ
˫ĸĸǳ綼Ҫģ˵ľ޵ļˣ֮ᷴ飬Ǽ֧֣ԣҲѡˡ
Լ⣬ҲȷʵӦҸʱ˺úõ̸һ̸ˡ
ǰʱ򣬼׵ʱܻԼ仹СæʱΪڡ
꣬ҲѾ𲻵ʲôˣԣҲʱøԼļ̹ˡ
̫ˡľޱҰҪ֪ҪȥǣһǳĵģҪϽϢǡ
һ¡ƽסľޣȷ˾ʱٸǰɡ
Ҳԡ뵽ƽոոԼ˵Ǽ飬ľҲ侲ѧ㣬Ǹԡ
֪ӡƽľޣĵҲӣֻǡ
ľ򴽣ƽ£ù֣Լִָ伷˹ȥ֪ѧڵҡ
ûйϵģҲԼʲôҲԼҪԼݸ
֪صĿֻ֮ҪѧһҾͿη壬ѧ֮ǰ֮ԻôᣬΪҡ
ԣѧĶģΪңҪѧҲ֪һ£϶ҲԵġ
ֵңΪҵѡҳϣѡ˷飬һΪҵһź
ԺÿʱҲһеޱȵĺڣΪԺ󶼲еڣҾԡ
ƽںʲôھʲôľҲ֪ģ½֮ʲôĺ
ԼΪ˲෹̸ʣĵҲԼʼĵǸˣֻľޡ
ľ˵ȻҲһģ֮뷨ΨһĲͬǡ
ľѡ˷ô飬ͻΪеź
ԣľҪƽһȥܣһȥԣƽǲϣľܵκε˺Ҫѡ
ƽ뷨ĳ̶ֳ˵ǱȽƫģڣһԼ뷨Ϊˡ


88 
󶼾, ƽһֱģƺҲΪվ΢ƽ
ѧ㣬ʵм, ֮ǰһֱûи˵ƽ, ľ޾ÿԳ, ɽ֮ǰ˵˵һˡ
ʲô飿ƽʶսԼ֣Ҳ֪ΪʲôʶĽ
ʵ֮ǰɽи, ĵĵӰļ̌ͷƽһۣСĵ֮ǰѾӦŮˡ
Ȼɽ˵ǿ, Ҳ˵ûһŮǵĵͷ, ⲿӰĲ
Ƕľ˵, ȻʱѾȷȷʵʵĴӦԷˣͲᷴˡ
֮ǰһֱûиƽ˵, һΪʱ, һ棬ʵҲڵɽǵġ
ôһᣬҲͳὫǰ˵һˡ
ɽĵĵӰƽЩȣȻɽĵĵӰ͵Ӿ硣
ܵһºⲢ, ĵľ, Ҳͬᱻܰ
˵ⲿܾ, һֱҲʵԱľҲɽɼΡ
е, еĵݣǲܻȥ, Ϊһˣ˭֪ʲôĺ
ɽһӰ˭Ҳܱ֤õ֮ǰһ׷
ƽп籾𣿡
ǵûСľ޵ӣЩ飬Ӧôɴ࣬ǴĳĿԵġ
Ȼûп籾ɽݵ۹⣬ܹô꣬籾һʧġ
ɽ۹ж඾ľǾԲȥɵģԣܹɽôõľ籾ҲǾԲʧġ
ɽݵһѡңƽָָԼ
šľ޵˵ͷģҲ˵ʱ˻ʽǡ
ԲһŮǵѡǲңⲿ磬ֻҪɽҪģ㶼ˡ
ľûҿΪȷʵôģ˵ʱϣɽһĿƽ
ƽ촽ûи㽲飬㻹ҪҶã
ƽϣЩĵģһֱڼ顣
ľȴ֮ǰѾȽԼ֣Ʊػַľ棬ȥˣȻ
Բѧ㣬ҲǹҪġƽЩľҲЩˣȵɽǵʱٸ˵鰡
ƽһѡأ
ôأɽҲ˵ˣǺѧģǾۼⲿ϶Ĳɵġľ޽Ľš
ɽʱѾ϶ƽΪⲿӰŮˡ
Ǿζţ˵ĻɽҲͲܻȥⲿӰ
˵ƽʶ̧˼ȣˣɣȻȥˡ
ƽƺǾЩˣֺǲٸľ޼ִȥˣüģľǣԼ֣վ
ѧ㡣ľ޿ٵץƽĸ첲֪ˣ֪ˣ㲻Ҫҡ
ŶԷһҪ˵ģƽ˴ǣһԡ
ѧ㡣ľգգ۾ŴŴۿˣƽĲˡ
ѧ㣬ҷģԺ󲻹ܷʲô飬ҶԲˣ㣬Ҿ׺䶥á
졣ƽסľ޵ͣװͰ͵³һ䡣
ľ޹ԹԵı죬ֻգһ˫Ĵ۾ŶԷ
ŶԷ۽ëϻˮƽ̾˿⸱ģôܻ
ѧ㣡
Ҳ˵㲻ܣҲ˵ͱû˿
ƽľ޲ϵˮ֪ľ޸ԼԤһ粨ֺαһֱ֮ĸء
ʵ֮⣬ƽĵ㻹һһڴӦɽĵӰŮǵʱ򣬾ȻŲҲԵ뷨
ѧ㣬ұ֤֮⣬Ҿûٶκεˡľָġ
Զ˵Ҳˣƽ˫ۡûСǽ⡣
һȻͬĵĵӰǡ
ôأĿеѡһֱѧ㣬ѧ㣬ôܻͬĵĵӰܵġ
ľ޲ɵ˵ڻƽǸ㵽ʲôղſɾİ׿ˡ
ɽݵһŮǵѡأƽü
ҾͲˣȥҺʵĺˡľǿĵҲôһᣬҲô
Ҳľ޵ĻشȡƽҲѾˣƽҲЦ⣬ҾӦÿһ£ô׽˵顣
ľǵЦ⽩һ£뵽ϴ׵棬Լ˶ٸͷ飬Щš
ѧ㣬ϴβ˵һպõʲôӵϴˮ𣿡
˼ҸˣһպʱɡƽԼĿڴͳֻЦҪжᡣ
ѧ㡣ľ˹ȥסƽҲˣպ׽ӦöѾ˯ˡ
ǻǲҪٴˣ飬ǻǸӺʵʱٸǰɡ
Ҿýͦʵģø˵ڽҲѾ˵ˡ
֪ͨȻҲһԵڽ֪ͨ꣬ǱҲڵǵĴء
鵱ȻӦһ׽˵һҲһ£𣿡ƽЦеĵ
ģľǳ˳飬Щ֮󲻻ῪģǻԼֵ˼ͷ
ƽҶ˵绰ľޱ˱죬ѧ㣬ǹġ
ǰҾǹġƽ˴ľ޵Ϊͬĵĳͷ
ľЩޣһ뵽һҪˣɾ͸ˡ
ľ޵һˣƽЦǣ˯½һףȥϴ衣
ľޣãһ£ҽµģȥá
Ҫġƽץסľ޵ĸ첲㴩ģҲҪµġ
ѧ㡣ľ޵۾ЩķɫӶһһӵӣҵĲ
ᰡҾͦİƽ߽ľ޴ͷ˽ţִӽſͷ߶ϵĴ˯ϣҾôСպá
ľɫ죬ʶץԼ죬ƽ˵˯´СպãĶ仰ɾͱζˡ
ľҲ֪ԼΪʲô뵽ĵطȥΪƽͣĵطʵ̫˺˰ɡ
˯¾ͦÿģҪֱӰҴɡƽƺǷǳľϵ˯£¶͡
ѧ㡣ľ޶˶ţЩյĵƽһۣתܻ˷䡣


89 
һ, ˵֮ǰҾҪȳһЧ裬µȻ˵֮Ҿˡ
Σ, Ѿ¶Ҫڵľ, ֹ
Ԥ, ľ޽Ҫ˵飬ҪȳһЧѹѹС
ľЩڨڨӣҲ˵Ļ֮, ܴҪüͷˡ
˵ɡԼ裬ʾľ޿Կˡ
Ǳ, һͬĵĴԣҸѧѾ, ӡ
ľ޿һ׵ı, ͣһŵҲıȽУ֮ԡ
һΪǶԺܸȤ, һҲΪ֮ǰ, ѾӦɽݣҪӰŮǣĵģҲͬġ
ľ޽Լ˵Ļ˵֮㲻ٿˣǹؾصĶţȴ׵ı
ҵ, ԼǸ, ûκҪԤס
ľԼԱߵƽ, Ͻ˵仰һ, ܾǱ֮ǰ
Ǳĵ˫˴Ծ⻹ǳϰ˭ܹ뵽أξȻԸðôķ, ôеġ
šƽ˵ͷ֮ǰľ޵Ǹ£̵ĸ׺պ˵һ顣
Ҿԡպ컰˵ؾͿˣһԱߵףӣɶҾԣǻҪصĿһµġ
бպһۣΪ֪֮ǰ˵ʲôš
üģҲǾЩͷۣεƷƴ˵ͷȷʵǷǳˡ
Ӧÿ˵ÿһӵĴԣڵǣԷҪĵʵ̫ˡ
ľ޺ƽŸոմͬŵķ粨гǽԣζǻһķ粨֮С
ڵǣľ޾Ȼ˽´ӦɽҪӰŮǡ
ɽ˭ǿóһƷܹܵ׷Ĵݰжô벻ĵĵӰ
һüģ˵ľദʱ䲻Ǻܾá
ҲֻҪǶԷ¶ĵ飬ϾͲȥ˵Էıˡ
˵֮ǰܹƽΪ˵ľ޵ĳĻôڣҲˡ
Ų˵ЩҲ֪ģҿڵӣҷԣҲǲܻıġ
ǱߣҸպȥǶԽӵģڹ˾Ǳߡ
ͣһ£һ̸ģ飬Ҫɽݵİ
׽ģǱߣһ˵ġɽΪĺѣܹǱЩ˸˵ġ
Ǳϵһ¡׿һʱҲˣҲϢǾˡ
áֱߣľ޻Щţ׽һξȻô˵
ƽľ޵ıӣ׽㱾ûҪ԰
ľޣţ
εԣ˵Ȼպܴ󣬵洦࣬εƷƴ˵ƺţɲ˭ܹ׾ܾġ
˵ԸǽӴеģǹ˾Щ£ɾδԸŹˡ
˵Ǳ߸ôԽ׽ҲһεĻᣬһǩȥ
ƽһͣľҲܿˣǩȥ֮ƽԺ棬Ҳһ㡣
뵽֮ǰӦܻеĹ̵棬ľ޾;Щж
ȷʵж֤֮ǰĳŵľĺԼľס
һҪպ㣬ͷôġ뵽׾Եĵͷ飬ľѾҪȥһЩСˡ
áƽü۴ЦĿŶ־ĳˣھͽҪĶ־ȱɣڵҪ˯
˯һԭ־ľޣ˲ֻϺӣĶ켦ˡ
ʲôٶ˵Ķƽüһָľ޵°͡
ʲʲôٶ˵ĶҲûСľ޶㿪ƽߣˣˡ
˵žߣھƽߵʱ򣬱һץסˣƽ󱧽ľޣлл㡣
ѧ㣿ľͷһĲ⡣
ллζôԹԵİƽЦ
ѧ㣡ľЩգԼ˶ҪˣԼ˯
ǲУڿҵαûһʧߵġƽ
˭㡣ľƽĻͷҲصĽ˷䡣
ŶԷ֮ûйϵķţƽЦˡ
֮飬ҲƽԤϵչĺ˳˵ҪӵıȽС
εƷƴ˵ͷΣûа취˾ܾ˵ԷŵӽǵƷƴ˾ͻһֱľ޺ƽ
ܶǸ˾˵ʹҪĵУǲܾܾġ
û뵽һֱڵĵ飬˳˳Ľˡֳһ֮У˷ܵǸɽˡ
Ϊģû뵽̸֮һֱǹҵǼҲ̸ˡ
˳бһ˸߲ҵĺѣ֪ǱߵҪʱж𾪡
𾪻ûأǱߵɽָһը˵Ҫľ޺ƽԼһӰŮǡ
üһ˫ŮǵЦݻûأͱԷһͬĵĵӰˡ
ʱľħˣôһĶô벻ء
˵Ϊĵ˶ĶͦĶġ
˵ֻƽĻ鵹Ǻð죬Ҳǹ˾˵㣬ڵǻһľޡ
ǩԼʱ򣬰ֵֺдľѡ籾;ܾȨ
ľһ죬ֻܽ飬޷һ㶼Ҫ
ôİɽļ򣬡ҵ۹⣬ⲿ磬ҿ˺üˣңһᱬġ
ɽһۣһӻûУ֪ɽĲŻҲ۹⣬ǣĵģɲǴܹܵİ
˵ôôСҴƬɽȥˡ
ɽЦһ˵ˣĵݺ͸ݵ˶£һǺϰʲô
ʲôɽһǵǡ
ҵȻ֪ˡɽļ򣬡֪Ӱĳ֮ЩͻٵˣãǻЩ𣿶ǡɽָָľ޺ƽ𣿡
ĬһҲЦˣɽǸأΪˣΪ˵ģǰ˷Լıˡ
ľ޺ƽԱֲż飬ǽԺ;籾ʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ǵ̬˰


90 
ѧ, ûаҪˡľ޳ķһ
ƽ̵ƿţһɵĵҪ, ǻǵľ֮ȥɡ
ô, ҿǸҰ趼˵, ڿɶڼҶء
˵ˣҪľȥĻ֪Ҫȶ, Ұ϶ǵȲôʱġ
ľߵƽߣЦĵѧ㲻ôŵ, Ұ趼ܺ˵ġ
ƽľһۣǺ˵˵Ҳû뵽, ľ޵жЧʾȻôĸߡ
ֻһ, û뵽
ľ˵ҪؼҼļˣѾźһ, ׼ؼˡ
̫ͻȻ, ׼ûаҪľ޵ĸĸôܲţŵĻҲСʱϳˡ
Ҫ, ҸҰ˵һ, ˵ʱزȥˣ⻹ûмļء
ͷƽֶѾŵЩ, ֻҪǼļ, ֱιȥ
Ϊƽ˵֮Ѿ׼, ϾûпƽκεĽŰ
ΪͰҪŮѻؼҵĸĸ˵ˡ
ص֮ƽ˵Ժ󣬶ԷֻĬĬĿһ̵ۣĽ䡣
ֱղʱųľΪ˵Ժ
ƽѾͬҪؼˣƽΪľֻһ飬ȻҲܻɵĽš
˵뷨ʱ򣬾Ѿ˰
ʰˣľе˫ƽ˴ԼЩʪ֡
ʰˡľ޻˻˫ѧ㣬㡭
߰ɣʱ䡣ǺܽûдҲȷʵҪӵǸô
ɲľ޵ļʲôõӡ󣬳ϱܵüŰƽĬĬĸԼ
ˡľ޶ıñһЦ׷ȥ
ѧ㣬͵Լһľ޿ΪŶԵñЩӲƽ
ƽ˿֣Ȱҿﲻʡ
ľޣûвʡ
뿪ʱӦû·ġƽ˳Լ죬ʵЩ̫ʽˡ
ƽЩڣʱľ˵Ѿ˻ƱҪؼҵʱƽ˲һƬհףѾŵʲô벻ˡ
ԼؽǰСʱһֱڸԼｨ裬ԼǧҪţܴùġ
ľһһȾͳˣʲôӦû·׼顭
ˣƽ֣Ȼﶼû׼ҪǾסƵɣҽʲôû׼·Ĳʡ
ϵ·ȥ˾ʱѡһһɫĳһɫţп㣬򵥵ģ̫ʽˡ
ѧ㴩ͺܺÿƯľ޷ģ˵Щʱ򣬿ʲô˾ûдġ
ƽľͺܺã¼ӣԴʲô·ܺʡ
һȻ򵥵ģһۿȥͻƲۡ
ټΪţԵЩı飬ֽջϢںһ𣬾͸ˡ
УӦȥһʽ·Уˣ
ȻһֱڸԼӦôùģӦѾվ˼ſڵʱùģĶһֲֽ֪Ÿʲôطŵĸоˡ
ãȥ·Ȼһȥɡľޱ˵
ҵļ˵õǿƽʱпתܵļƣľ޾ã˳ƽɡ
šƽʱ˿һڸոȴһֱ
Ŵ򿪵ƽ˶סˣ̧ͷ۾ľޡ
衣ľ޺һѸٽƽԼ
վſڸʲôŮ˵Ż˽ţƺҪľ޵ˡ
ⲻǸյľЦЦվһƽĸʵˡ
ƽ˿ڿˮջǹľ޵˳̺áΪţһھЩˡ
úúãƽһ˲䣬Ů˵۾ˣһЦĵ·ۻ˰ɣЪᡣ
лл̡ŮºѺõ̬ȣɢƽٵĽš
ոջ߶ءһ䣬˵㴫˶У³Եˮȥ
ҲǿƽĽţҲʱӦ˵仰֮λ˱˳
ƽ˿һֻӲӣֱʱŻָЩ֪
ûкһ㡣ľƽƺ͸첲Щļ⣬ܹ˵жôĽš
öˡƽЦЦȴǲĳǱ߿˹ȥľ޵ĸĸȷʵľ˵Ǻº͵ˡ
Ұ趼ǽʦʵ˶º͵ġľһƽĸ첲һ£ң˵㣬ԣ㡣
ľ޵һ仰ɹĶЦƽҿɾҪˡ
ġľؿڣƽ岻ôˣҲ˿
ߵľİƽڳλˣҲСš
ǹÿһοǳϢˡŮµĶͣ˵ƽʱĶ͡
Ҳ˭ŮǼ̳˵򰡡Щ⡣
ղûгȥûǹղſҵʱ˶סˡŮüҲ֪Ѿͷô˼ҹ˵ġ
ղŵķӦһȾء
Ҹղŵıôŵ˰ɣ˷ϴˣЩŵķ˷۾ŮĶһɲܸ˼ʲôõӡ󰡡
Ů˷еĲ˵һɫŵˣղűֲٽ
ЦˣղűҲ˶Էһ֮ûסĵĳ⿴һۣ˿һ˵˵ЦЦĻ棬˶úο
⼸꣬ĿˡŮ˲˲۽ǣѾܾãûпԼıŮĵЦˡ
һжˡӵļǵŮǵóԸԼϲһˡ
ԼŮϲŮӵ飬λ˲֣Ҳ޷ܡ
ҲΪǶǽʦһ㣬ҲΪǿԼŮĥӡ
һ֣˵ҪģԼŮЦݣĿĺҸ


91 
, 裬Ǿˡǣƽ֣ľ޾ܾҪȥ, Ҳ, ǾͲҪˡ
Ϊ֮ǰĺ֢, Ƚ£˵ٶһЩСë
ľȻǲ£ĸĸȥ
˵ط˵һŮץƽһֻ, ǲᡣ
̷ģȵ˵ط֮, һһʱϢġ
ľ޼죬ƽҲһʼĽŲ, Ҳܹ̹Ȼľ޵ĸĸˡ
ƽ˵, Ҳֵʱ䣬Ϊ, ܵ˾Υů
ְҵϢʵ̫, һҪúչԼô˵һҪԺá
ҲҪ̫ƴˣһҪչ˺Լ壬ǧˡŮƽ֣߶߶˵˲١
̷ģһúչԼġƽɿľ޵, ֱ˱Ů, , , Ҳ塣
áվŮĵ˵ͷҲͲˡ
尢ټ
, 裬ǾˣһҪǵøҴ绰ʱһѧǵġľҲ˱ˡ
оڼ죬ҵļͥλҪˡľͷƽܸоٴ죬Ұ趼ҪŮӵȥˡ
ƽЦŴ˴ľ޵ֻ˵ұܻӭ
ȻϲˣҰ϶Ҳϲҵ۹⣬ǾǸܸܵġľһԵģǽС飬ôôɰ
ߵˣƽųҸĹâľ޼죬ĺܿģܿġ
֮ĸ飬ܹõľ޼˵Ͽɺףƽ˵һޱҸ顣
οĵʱҲһЩôõĻ䡣
뵽ԼϽӵǸ绰ƽ˳
Ǹľ޵ô£Ϊʲô϶ڴһԶŮ˵ķŭʹֻɱ档
衭
裬ûô֪߳ܵŮŮ˷ŭĵ˵ô£
㿴ô¡ƽĬã³ôһ䡣
㡭ƺǱƽ仰̼ˣŮ˵˲̧˼ȣʲôоҿô¡
㲻ҪңĸһŮ˸㵽һˣԼǸŮ㲻֪𣿡
ԼڸʲôҰҪһ𡣡
ƽǰһֱ룬ԼԺһʲôķʽֻһʲô¸ļ̹ԼС
ԼһȽϺʵʱ䣬ļһƽ͵ȥ̸顣
Ҳļ˿ЩָۣȻ绰ҲֱƲѵ̹ס
Ҳ̹֮ԼܵĶԴԣ绰Ǳ߷ŭָʱƽһ㶼⡣
ƽ͵̸ۣһʼͲ֮ܳ䣬֪ġ
ôôһӲĹŮǲԵ֪֪
Ϊʲôԣƽ˳ǣ֪Լôƽ͵ĽⳡԻġ
ʹ˵Щ̶ĸףϣܹԸףˡ
ɼʹоʵͻеĲ࣬Ҳûо÷ŭûģֻǺƽһİ˵һ㣬侲ķŶԷ
ΪʲôԣֻǰһˣֻһѣΪʲôԣʲôΪҰһ𣿡
㰮һŮ˾ĴԺҪǴȥҵŮǸͬǷš
ҲǸľ޵ĻǼٵģ֮ĹϵϸҶϵ̵ֶӹʱӹʱǼһ棬úʾ϶
ǲġƽսֻֻѵָⶼЩףϲˣһһ
ҲңףңֻҪңĺܰܰ
ܣҸƽǾԲܽһŮһģⱲӶܣ˶ܣİɡ
ʱʵʵĸһףŮⱲӾҪӵģϲŮǾǲ
ǡ𣿡
ѧ㣬ѧ㣬ʲôأŻ㱻ƽľЩģôˣûϢãﲻľ޽ַƽĶͷ¶ȡ
ûУҺܺáƽֱסľޣľ磬еЩ񡣡
һϷɻ˯ɡľƽĺ󱳣ָоƽӦʲôԼ
ոշƽ͸ԼϴʱվڴǰƽһһĻ㱸С
ָо־壬ľ޽˽˫ۣѧ㡭
Ǹõǻˡľ¶ҪЩʲôʱ򣬵ǻʾȴʱ
ľ̾˿ƽһ¿ֺñӣǣ˽˼Ʊڡ
֮ǰ̸˴֮󣬹˾ǱߵĽǵ֮ǰĵǲ粥֮εĴԡ
þǴˣ˱ֱ߳ǰܲ
˾֮ԻţΪⲿʱľ޺ƽCPرġ
Ҳϣⲿ粥ܹ֮ľۣȵߵĴԹ汻ųʱٿⲿȶѹһ¡
˾پĿǰǷǳȷģΪⲿ粥֮󣬺糱
ǿCPģǱģǳɽͷģҵԻǷǳгġ
ܲˣΪʲôϰ˵㣬ѾȲҪˡ
̫ץӷˣھ֪ʦ󵽵ôˣأǧҪ
ˣչĲұ֤ʦôãСʦҲÿ
˵һ䣬֮ǰǿľCPģڣҿĲȥҵСʦúʦ㰡أǧ
ϣԿֵһ𣬿ǰɽϵӶҸ
ұʾȫҪľ飬ǿСʦúʦɽϵҾͿԿһꡣ
˵ģ˵CP̫ˣɻɣһˣСʦԼʦĸ 
ûɣһˣһݰ
̫ÿˣԴӿǵCPǸʲô״ֻ̬ڿCPʱ״̬
ѣ㲻һˣҲǣأҲ뺰ˡ
ⲿʱľ޺ƽCPбͺ㣬ڼϹ˾Ǳ߻ڿӪľ޺ƽCP趨Ŀ˵ˡ
ֻҪľޣôԷ϶ͻ뵽ƽ֣Ҳǹ˾ǱҪЧ


92 
С, ľӰķǳлԸԡԼԸڿʵˣŮҲԵúǼ
ǧô˵, ܹΪεƷƴ, ˶, һ顣
Ů˷ۿҲ뵽ˣ˾ޱźĹ¡
֪ǿеĲͷ۽, ԣĺܸл
ܡľǰһסĸ첲, ܹΪ黭һľţǵҡ
֮ǰǸ, Ѿ֪, ŮƵ·ΪǵĻ׼ġ
ֻ˾Щ˸е, ȴҲûдϵĻˡ
֮Ҫһ, ҪˣһôҲޱȰ˴ڹ
Ƴ·ŶİԼĲͶȺף
ǽҪĵʵһСƬǵʶ֪, Ĳĵ, һʽֲź, Լ, һֱŲµĽᡣ
СƬǱȽ۵ġ
һǵһοѧ㴩ּϥСȹءľƽתһȦÿ
ƽ˳ȹ, ϲȹӣȹûаȫС
·󲿷ֶǿӣʵҪȹӵ£Ҳᴩĳȹ
ڣΪҪĵĵһͷǴѧУ԰һĹ̡
ϵ·ҲǰǵĳԭģȻǲܾܾġ
ľ޵ĴǸȫ෴ģߵµŵķ񣬰ɫļϥȹ˳ڵĳڼϣϼһɫı߿۾һѧĴ硣
ľޣˬ˶磬ɫĶ䣬ɫĶ̿㣬ͷϻһɫѼñڴˬõЦݣͷ·˿ҫ۵⡣
ͬѧǰôûм㣿űŮ
Ůַ˷ϵ۾䵭ĵѧУôûмҺ
ͬһרҵѽ鱾ϡ
ͬһרҵĴ˶Էöҫ۵Цݣ˳һ˫ź۾ϸĹâ
ŮǼǲûκӡģ򴽣ǲͬɡ
ͬӿڴֻƯ㣬ʶһ£ҽ
һ죬ǸĵЦݣ˸ѿ
Ұ˵ҸϽؼҸǼء
衣Щ͡
ϱܵüŰЦҰϲġ
Ը޸һΪҸ˵ġϥأİŮ顣
Ը⡣
ΪƵĻɴڵȵ㽫ϵһ̣Ҫ޸ˣҸҸˡ
ҲҸˡԼİĹۿ

𣬱ĹԱҲˡ
̫ˣ׻ɴ̫ˣҽʱܹĻɴⱲӶֵˡ
ǻɴƯҲƯһ·۵߽ĵãǸоҵԲˡ
ǿղǸ̫̫λˡ
Ľ˵ĹעƯĻɴϣ˵Ĺעƽľ޵ϣ˵Ĺע㣬ǲη׵ĸϡ
λڴŻɴ˵Ǵʱ飬ɲܹױġ
ѧ㣬ǽʱ򣬾ʹòáľ˫Ŀɴƽ
۵׸ֳ˳ԺͳҵĿϣǸղĲǱ˵
Լģϣܹվڻã
áƽ飬ͬŻɴŮĵӦԸ⡣
ˣĻϵĻɴѧ㣬̸һ£ܲĻɴ
űĻɴľǾ̾׻ɴ֮ĻɴҲû취ˡ
˵ƽ׻ɴӣԶľ˵׻ɴѾ󲻳ʲôĻɴܹƽ
Ǹոմ׻ɴȻǲùģһ㣬ľ޻ǱȽģ㽫ϣˣԷĻɴ
ãһȥܡƽ߽ľޣղŵ
ѧҲǼ⣬ȵĺһľ޵Ľë˲ſݣ˶Է
֪ľӰСûʲôİţľ޺ƽȥ·ṦѾʰԼպ׵ǰ
Ѿɽǩ˺Լ֮Ҳ͸׼ˡ
֮İţҲʲôģԷȻˣҲʹ󷽷˵ˡ
ɽݰһ£֪ɽǱ߻費ҪͶʣ
ǾҪϵһˡͶʿ϶Ҫģ飬ҲӦȻҲҪɽԷ̸ˡ
Ǿ鷳һˡЦŵȻѾ֪ľ޺ƽѾİţܹģǸṩõˡ
ľ޺ƽ·ʱ򣬱㿴֮һƬг
ܣмҪ㡣Լһֱǹϵ飬ľҲûīԷʱ㿪˿ڡ
˵ľԸˣǼаĵģһҲûоøոҪΪкβס
ľ޿ΧļһۣЩ˼ӡ͸ղ׻ɴҸѧ㶼ϲҾһܣܲܡ׳
ҿ͸ǡ
㲻һҲԣǾҪͬһϵеģղ˵ʲôľ۾˶ˡ
׻ɴ͸ǡЦŵҲһͬҵġ
ôԡľ޷İ֣Ҳȷʵϲ׻ɴǣҲ
·ڵ壬ҵʺǵˣңҲϣ׻ɴɱӦǵʹ
ʹľ޲飬ҲģţǸˣҲ֧ġ
ûд׻ɴĵãϣһƳĻɴܹñ˵õҸġ
ǡ
ϣǣԳΪ֤Ҹһӡ
׻ɴͳȥ˵ľ޺ƽ飬˵ǽ˻ɴǣԸ
ǡ
ʵھùⲻȥĻôһԵı꣬ǲǾͿҪ֧ˡ
ȻôľѸٽϣҲ֪׻ɴļֵͲһεĴԷܹġ
Ȼ˵ͣôҲ֮ĸ飬ģֻԺȥˡ


93 
ľ޺ƽݵǲӾ粥˴֮, ϵȶȣûŵӾĽֶɢ
ܶѶƽݵĻ̵ɫеƽ, Ӿ֮, ܶѶ˼Ĵ֮С
Ϊܶ˶ûа취̵ܻ, ûа취ܰصɽϵ֡
ԺܶڼƵʱ򣬶Ľָˡ
ǰݵĵӾӰһЩͷһԭ˾ƽı, 
ԭΪֶ֪ʪ˶ֽѣǽļƵ, Լޱȱ˵õ˻⡣
ЩƵڸϵĲҲǷǳߵ, ľ޺ƽȶһʱҲܼ, ˵CPۣҲڲͣ׳С
Ҳ˷ͷʢʱ, Ǳ, Ҳų˸˼Ϣ
ϢһٴڶѺȦĶܹΪεƷƴˣһξѾˡ
ƽȴѾǵڶαˣǣ˽Ϣյʱ, ׳һʯƾϢ
Ϣ, ȻεƷƴʼ, Էġ
ݴž, ӽεƷƴ, Ͳˣľ޺ƽΪεĳפƷƴˡ
ζʲôζŴӴԺ󣬵εƷƣ;Բڶˡ
ЩԴȡһ˶ԣˡ
飬ȻҲǼһϲҳˣľ޺ƽķ˿˵⼸ǾǸһ㡣
ϻڲ²⣬ľ޺ƽôõƷƴ˵ĻģԺƷƴ֮
ûжã㽫ľ޺ƽĵǸԹҲ˳
ԹһųٴһƬȳÿ˵Ĺע㣬ˡ
˵Ĺע㣬ΨƯĻɴϣ˵Ĺע㣬˿Ŷ۵ĸϡ
˵Ĺע㣬ĵԵϣ˵Ĺע㣬ڹβʱǸϡ
һαľ޺ƽ֣һһεıѡ
һ룬ƽܹõƷƴ˵ģһǹʾǣһΣȻһСǵõĻᡣ
ڿΪ˵õĻᣬΪ˸˲ٰ
ЩΪܹ죬Ϊܹ伫
⻰˵ĿɾͲˣ˲ͱһĹ治ͦ
Ǹǣ̫Ψ̫ʥˡ
ǰǰҸоԼѪѿգôôΨĻ棿
ǸʱǾԼ˶Ѿˡ
İ飬ҾֿŰˡ
Ҿ֪˵ʲôʱŻѾȲҪףˡ
ϵɴ̫Ư̫ˣⱲҪܹһΣ޺ˡ
׻ɴӦνƷ˰ɣ̫ˣ֪ʲôʱŻԤۣѾȲҪˡ
ѵֻҵĹע㣬˵𣿡
ȥ˵Ĳܰɣ
ҡһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ģòܸŮѵĹ°ɣ
ţɲɣ
֣ûа취ȥ밡ټĴ֮
ǱߣǽΪεƷƴˣҾ飬϶ĵйء
ͬĶȦ˶ԣǱȽеһģԸӴĵˣĿ˵΢΢ѽ
ΪץסᣬԲ˰ǿΪ˺ʲô˰
¥ϵѣܾˣǼ˼ǿεƷƴ˰Ϊʲôèл
òΪǼҵλ򱧲ƽɣ
ЦˣĵʲôǶĵͬΪʲôˣûеߵ𣿡
Ľֱ˵ʵһ㲻𣿱Լġ
ĽֵͬĽҲһֺƴϡðȻͬ˹ϵǼҵ·ԺǾԲˡ
Цˣ˵ĺ˼һ˿֮
˼ҵĹ˾ȥƵģ㲻Ͳ£ͲҪĴڸˡ
Ҷģھ֪ľ޺ƽǲһˡ
ǣΪʲôһֱ壬ǣΪʲôˣǺܺ𣿡
˵⻰δЩ̫Ц˰ɣǵһCPѲһCPҪ˼ҳ˵ǹ𣿡
ͬʲô̫ˣ@ľޣ@ƽϽȦΪĵڣȦķô
ͬôͶˣҪ˵ĵЩ˲ǡ
ڶʲôˣ֪ᳫ˼ϲ˭ѡ˭һ𣬸ʲôϵ̳ܲġ
ˣ˵˶ʵûʲôڸУԲܵˢڸˡ
Ļű˶򣬾Զù⡣
ͬһеĻ⣬˽ܣ˷УҲһ顣
Աѣۣھ֮ǰǶѾ׼ˡ
ڻӦ֮ľ޺ƽҲûȥעϵˣΪڵǣѾ˺࣬׼ȥɽˡ
һȷѪ꣬ٸڵǣûʲôϵˡ
ֵһľǣܶڿֵʱҲһЩȽϴ󵨵ѣֱӰѯǸ潲ǲĹ¡
ЩҲǱźҪһԵ̬ûоԼܹõظû뵽ǡ
Ļظǣ󷽷ĳˣǸĵľԼŮѵĹ¡
ҲظһЩѣڻɴѯʣֻظúܶѶһƬ
˵׻ɴ˵ǷԣûжĴ㡣
֮Իһչʾ׻ɴһΪ˼ԼѾȥİˣһΪ˸ȫ磬İһôž޵ˡ
ҲΪظҲһЩ֪ˣҽ֪һЩ鷢˳
ҲΪЩ֪˵ıϣĳԹȺڲ֪Ϊ飬ȻӵһޱźĽ֡
Ϊ˸еΪ֮İᣬ˸̾ŰãҲ˾顣
۵İµĳ֣ЩԭۣҲԽԽˡ


94 
, ͵ˡűƿɽ̳֡
·ɻͱ㺰˹ľһժԼĿֺñӣһ߻ǸɽԹ, ұֱӻؾƵȥء
ɽû, ƽ, ָָԼߵλã
ľӰʦ, þòԱߵһЦĿˡ
˵ϸ֮ЩҲ໥˱˴˵ϵʽ
ľ޺ƽʱȷʵͦæ, Ҳû˼ȥŶԷ컹ԴǸĿ֮, һδкء
þòĶû, Ǳ˴˱ȽϤˡ
ӷ֮⣬һμյļ, , ˲⣬غͳҲЩˡ
Ҿһ˿Ǵ󹦳ɽһЦĶ˾Ʊ
ľ޺ƽˢ˺øУҲܵõεͶ, ⲿҲ˵ľİ
⼸, һֱɫʵԱ, ڿľ޺ƽġս֮
غͳЩ뷨, ǽ֮
ɽ˽½ӴǣֻǱһԵ̬, ȴû뵽˾ȻӦˡ
ڸ˽Ӵ֮ǰɽɲΪԼݣܹΪǴӦĳ룬˵籾Ļ룬ȷʵ޷ܾ
ϾҪĵıȽУɽ棬˵ⲿһ
˵ףⲿĳ֮󵽵׻ἤʲôˮɽԼҲûʲôģ˵ţڵгӡ
ΪҪٴηˣðյĿ΢΢ģӦˡ
ΪͷʢСǽһϷĿ˵Իǰ̣ҲӦˡ
ɽ֮һٴεһˣϿҵĵлλԸҵ룬ķǳл
Ҫ籾ĳѾ˵ɽִˣڣԱҲʽô룬ǿʵˡ
ĻҲͲ˵ˣȫⱭˡ˵꣬ɽٴν֮һ
ܹľ磬ǲԱ飬ܹ룬˵лǡ
վܹԼԸⲿ磬ȫΪǩԼչ˾ԼҵĲҵ
ӦҪԭңⲿ磬ͿԾͽCP˰
ڲⲿ֮ʲôӰ죬ͲػȥͿǵ鰡
ҲͲ˵ʲô׻ˣ˾Ǳ֮ͬǩⲿ磬ľͷ
Ҳ˾Ʊ˵μ꡶ս֮Ҳһ
ҪЩȥ죬̫Сˣʱɽ֦
ȻɽҪĵıȽУǵסɽ󰡣͹ǳɽⲿ磬˾ǱҲܾܾ
Ȼ˵ˣǿ׻ҲͲ˵ˣ˵֮ǰҲѾλ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵첻ɣһٺȵƣϾҪʽˡ
ɽƱмһ٣ǰԤףǿ󼪡
󼪡
ΪǵҪʽˣ֮Ҳûôˣ극ɢˡ
оЩ˷ܹͷ˰ľ뵽߳ƵˣЩЦã˵ҪԼһͿɻС
ΪԸܹʵ˰ɡƽЦЦȥɣٿ籾
áֻҪƽڣʲô飬ľ޶ǾԲܻᷴġ
籾ɽ֮ǰѾǰˣľ޼⼸죬ҲѾ籾жüˡ
һЩصĹ£еλ˹ʶڸУһ⿪ʣ鱼ţһԸľɡ
Ըȫ෴ˣȴ˴ߵһ
һѧһѧϰһչõδű˴еĵһΡ
ҲͬһѧѡͬһרҵҲֵͬһᣬСάԼݸ顣
δҵԺ󣬿Ը˴һҸ۵ļҡ
֮ĸȶۣʵޱۺҸʱ򣬸㵱ͷһ
֮飬ջǱ˸ˣеĸĸܹԼĺͬ
֪֮֮ͥķӦҲǲһġ
ĸĸȻԼĺΪʲôϲͬԣԸȥ˽⣬ԸȥúõĹͨ
ǳļȴûа취ܵģΪǲˣΪϲŮǲġ
Ҫ̸ϵ⵽ܾ֮󣬱ȥҽϣͨƣˡ
ͬǲҲһֱԸԼļ˹ͨʧˡ
߳ŭĸĸ˼ֻͼͨķʽʶԼĴ
ѹֵĻĸĲ⣬ûа취ԼİˣҪųԸָҩ
ɲֻҪԸϾϵļ˾ͻ뾡ָİ취ҪκĲ
ҽƲãĸĸһӲпľǾ͵ͬ
ѧ㣬ܷʲô飬Ҷ뿪ģܷʲô飬Ҷߵġ
еľ籾ľޱסƽһҸġ
šƽľ޵ı
һҸģһġűԼһԵľ籾ľ޵ȫǼᶨ֮·жôߣҲԲǸӵġ
Ǳƽľȴûпƽߣһֱеľ籾ϣ˫ͬʯһ˫
ûЦ⣬˿


95 
һ, ϲһˣϲֻܱĵ, ûа취˵ڡ
ϲǸ⿪, ÿ춼ǸС̫һ, ɢůůĹ⣬ȫͬˡ
ԸľګԴ, ڰ༶ûдڸеһˣֻ͵͵Ŀ, ȴҿѵûС
ǵ, , ϲǸŮӣһܡ
ΪԶܻʶһ, ΪԼݰ, ֻ޼ա
ôҲû뵽һ죬Ҳõүƫ
ãҿԸһ𣿡
ͻ˳һļ˶è䱳Ҳһ, ˶ԼЩӲĲ, ȥ
, ʵ̫Ϥ, תͷһ˲䣬ͱŮڲõЦݻ, ЩǱתͷ
С˵һԣЩèҲͲģ˭ιҪͬ⡣
һֱʱιè𣿡ڳ߶ǰʳ裬Ҳûٲèǲһèһιţһתͷų
ǶȿȥֻܿԷסĲ
Ҳǣÿ춼ԴӷЩè֮󣬲ܷʲô飬ÿ춼һʱι
еʱѧʱƸ·еʱѧʱƹ·ƽ鵢ˣҲûмϹιʳʱ䲻ôɾˡ
ǺЩèʱҲĺιҲڻǡ
ֲ֮ǰûлء
ʶתͷȥһޱȲõЦӳĵһţѸջߡ
ߵĶݽӴ̲סüע⵽ԷĺƯ˫۾ڿʱȻЩţȻ۾ǺƯ
ûסٿһۣľֻжԷסĲһ˲䣬ԼҲ֪ǳʲô
Ȼ֣Էĳ˲ȿԷ˫Щȵ˫ʱʶԼʲô
ͬһջ֣Щ˼ӣҽ֪ܸܲѣ
۾һڵ˫Ҳ·ŷҫҽгҺܿġ
ҡҲġЩ㶵ĵ˵ͷǵһοЦôÿˣǸЦݣ˫۾ԼЩ졣
أ
һèˣһ۱Լ߸߾èЩ˼ЦЦ㽫èŵèߡ
Ȼûעʱĵİ˰ԼЩ֣࣬ôô졣
ںιèʱҲ˵һЩ½ѺЩ
ǲۿӣΪ֪ԼûΪݵ˽⡣
Ҫ̲סɣǲΪԼ̫ˣԶԷŲԸۿ
ʱĳȻǲ֪ЩʲôȻĻ¶Ҫָ췢ģ˵Լû뷨ˡ
Լ´ειèʱ֮˾ͷֱˣһ³ĸѧУҪϵʽء
һ뵽Էӣͽݳ嶯ѹȥô˵ǽŸոʶǲҪŵԷĺá
ȻûõϵʽѧУַЩźһ뵽컹ܼ棬ͦĵġ
ߵģǱߵĳɾ͸ˣζû뵽ԼһܹԼϲ˵ϻ
ڳ˵ʵ̫ҫˣȫˡ
ԳһֱڶЩţĸԷ˵ϻˣƺҲӡ
һ뵽ιèʱܹԷ˵ˣ˷ܵЩ˯žˣϾǶʱ䣬ǵĶʱ䰡
һ뵽Щ˷ܵ˯žˣǺ޲øϽ޲ʱ߿һ㣬ڴһ̿㵽
ڶѧУʱ򣬳ȻĬĬڽ䣬ǸͬѧΧӰһĨԣջߡ
ǲѾΪˣ֮ĹϵǲѾ߽ˡ
ڳ˵طǸ˵ԶܳӰ
ѧУûа취кܹӵһζǵʱ䣬Ѿˡ
һѧ̱˽ңȵ棬ԼУ㳯ƽιèǸСͬȥˡ
֪ԼһѧУģҲ֪Լͬͬѧ
֪ϵͬѧϲ˵ԸȽҲûԸѡ
˵ʲôҲЩ˵ĿΨ뱻ᡣ
ںòܹ˵ϻˣɲöԷ֪ǰǸԸˡ


96 
˼, ҳٵˡ˫ϥ΢΢Ŵһѧʱ׼Ϲ, ȴԼѸסˡ
һʱ, ·ϵʱ, һֱĶԷ᲻Ѿ뿪ˣãûڡ
㲻ôż, һġԥһ£Ŵӿڴͳֽ
Ƕ಻˼, ҳٵҲáӹֽ˲ϵĺܲϵʽ
иϵʽĻҲ᷽һ, ˭ûʱ, ǰ֪ͨԷ
ʵҲ֪ԼЩͻϾǲʶ, , ϣԸԷ׽һ㡣
Էûпĵ׵ڴҲһһɢˣͻˣҡ
ԡ
ʲôɴ۾
ϵʽ˼ȡ
̫ˡΪ˷ܣ㶼Լеèӳȥˡ
֮³ᷴڣͳֻ, ΢, , Լ绰, ȫ
Ҳˣ´ʱһȥ氡Ҫϵʽ, Ŀۿɼģèǰʳ趼ӵĿˡ
áСӦһһеֻ뵽ϵʽҲ͸һЩκġ
ԼղŴӦʲôǺ
Ǿ˵ˣһȥɡվһĿų
ʲôʶһЩ¡
ķӦ˷ܼЩٴοڵʱ˼ί ոմӦ˵ʱһȥġ
죬ϸĻһ£ղţȷʵǴӦ˶Էʲôϵί
;ĿƵģı飬ͲʺϳڶԷϣӦԶЦݣԶС̫һŶԡ
ãȥɡ֣صĵ
̫ˡûס˳һ£ɿȥˣԣûп΢΢Ķ
Ҳûпڱ֮ǴȻϲı顣
Ϣһ¡
ѧͻҪðҿźܰɽһľޱ̽ƽɢĳƤ˸β
ɽľһۣƽû˵ɶأ㵹ȱԹˡ
ۡľ޻ص˻ȥŮѣƾʲôܴ򱧲ƽ
ǵģƯƯΪʲôҪͷ
̣ǵһԼʱͿԸıˡɽûдľޣǿƽ
ƽɢڶߵļ˶󣬡û¡
ɽһ£мط˵һ¡
áƽӦһ
ʲôû飬һȥɽЩĿľһۡ
˵̫ˣȵˮ֮顣
һЩ˵ҲʲôˣԣԴӽ֮ľҲ͸ӷŵĿˡ
ãһ͹ƽЦľ޵Դ
ΪǶ֪һ¶ɽһᵽӡ
ǰΪʲôҪľü˵Ц˼֮ľ޲뿪
ľһ뿪ɽıͱƽ籾ڡ
ҿԡɽû˵ͱƽˣ籾ͷβѾ˲ʮˣȻҲ籾ĺڷչҪǿ֧š
ʵ˵ģƽڵһο籾ʱ򣬶ںڵıʵûʲôĵġ
Ϊ֪ԼҲںڵУԼ⣬Ը籾
ɽ֮ǰҹһΣ뿴Ծ籾ڵҲ˵ʵڲеĻҲԸǱһ£ܸܲһ¡
ƽھص˼֮󣬾һ籾ڸĶĻȫûҪǸˡ
ҿԵġƽһһ飬Ϊܹĺ磬ΪĹв⣬⼸죬ƽѾʼҩˡ
ԴӸľȷ˹ϵ֮ûٳʲôˣǶʱҲûٳԹҩˡ
һΣҩƣټľ޻ߣƽãӦܹ˳˳ġ
ãסʲôĻһҪʱɽ룬Ǿƽ
籾ôˣȻڵľЩأһĶĻҲȷʵ籾ζġ
ΪһݣǻڶԾ籾ĸ𣬻ǶԱĸ
һЩܻԱӰľ飬ǱҪǰԱͨһµģɲϣƽϷ֮ͳˡ
ģƽЦЦôҽˣʲôȻҲ
ȥˮɣٲȥ͸óҸɼˡɽЦƽļ򣬳Ǳ۰Ͱ͵ĳǵľü
ȻɽüĶľΪ뿴ɽ֮ǰǷ·ļһƶľ̴ԼСվ
ƽЩЦҡҡͷ˵ĻҲǾȤ
ѧ㣬ľԼߵСӣڻı±ݸƽǸ˵ھ𣿡
šƽ˵ͷ籾ľҲ۹ġ
ҾѧɫʵҲǿݵľ޳°ͣŵʧͲݵİ
ڿڵľ籾֮ľ޾Ҫƽɫ飬ֻɽǱûͬ⡣
ǿݡƽ˴ľ޵ɫʺҡ
ʱڿ籾ʱƽһ֣ɫΪƵĸоرй
ĬЩľɵԸ񣬸ϵϵĸĸѹֵ
ϷĹУҲܹڳϿԼӰӡ
֪ľ̾˿ȻһʺϵĽɫԱжҪһ뵽ѹֵ˴ľ飬ľ޾۵ĲС
ѧ㣬֮ǽɡľҲ֪ԼͻȻʲôˣڣ˵ĻͺǱʶҪεץסʲô
ƽոպȽˮű±ֶЩ
ľɫƽ±Աߣ죬ȴԼ֯һĻ
̫ĻȶҲǿԵġƽԼŵˣľ޾ԼҲȷʵЩͻһ
㡭ƽЩЦãǸղ˵籾⣬ôͻȻͱĵ鶩ôȥˡ
Ҿʱˡľ޵ɫ쳣棬ѧ㣬һӸһ𡣡
áƽۿͻȻͺˣǽ顣
ľһ£һ㱧סƽһڣҡҡڲ㣬ҵʱʽġ
ľΪƽĵͷѾЩ״ˡ
Ϊʲô飿ƽü
԰ľ޵۾ģڱѹ˼֮ѾԼĵλˡ
ŶƽЩ⣬ľ֮ǰ֮ĳƺô⣬ΪľǾԲɿء
ľӣҲ֪뵽ʲôЩ죬ƺʲôģʵҲҪˡ
ȻһֱǿԼӦϹ˼ε뽻֮ҲˣƺҪҪô
ƽãƽһһһֱչЩҪġ
ѧ㣬˵˰ľԼСĴָ
ƽһĨЦã˵ˡ


97 
ǳʮ, ĺҸһ죬Ϊ죬Լȥӡ
ʱ, ѾӴ, ŴԵúǾᡣ
һʽϲ˳ȥ, ȻԷֻǽѣǰͲԼ顣
һϵӣֿһ۴ϵ, ջѡһɫĳ£һǳɫţп, һ˫ɫ˶Ь
žӳӰԥ˺ܾ, ջóһɫķȦ, Լɢĳ
ڶǵ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ͷһƯ
еŮ䴽, ԭЩϢ, ҲΪЦݶ
ƺҲŮĺˣůůĹ⣬Ůϡ
Լصʱ򣬳ԵøӵĽˣ֪콫ͷԲԡ
ǹô, ΪǸ˵, 뿴
𡣡, ̧ͷȥ, еľϲϲãȴڿԷǸʱ, ˲ɢ
˼õˡĴ磬˼ľϲ
ɫĳ£ǳɫţп㣬߸߰βȥͳ˳
Ӽĵһʱ֪һƯˣֻǸʱĳǽɢ˸޷ʵò
֮ദʱУҲûаͷԽ쿴βԼƯ¶ʱ
ֱĵĶҪðˣԸ⽫
Ǿ˵ѾˣԸӵ׽ˡ
һ룬ڶ޲̱һ
ҡҲΪ̫˷ˣûע⵽ıϸ΢ı仯
˼ͻȻҽ컹еҪӲشĻ
һ£޴룬ǲˣǸ´һǰġ
Ǹˡ˵תûиκĻᡣ
һ¡ʶľ׷ȥȴס˸첲ʲôʱϵôˣ֮ǰѧУʱһ㶼
ʲôһ±ƣʲôѧУʱ򿴲
ѧУʶĴ˸飬һѧУģԣô
ֱʱע⵽߻һˡ
˷ſץ첲ֻ֣˸ۣǺôҲѰɣ㲻˵⻰е𣿡
Ůͩѣ챾³йġ
պÿӰΪ˹ͿþȵһĻ
ڿҪǳʱҲǲ㾪°ͣ˵ԷѧУĴȫһġ
ܹ֮ϳΪڵѧʱйһ֮ԵҲβӡ
ڶԷΪʲôѧ֮ͱһװ磬ͩҲˡ
ղǻ˼ǣһѧУģҲͩΪʲôڱȽϹĵղ˵Ǿ仰
ͩüЩ֣һʲô֪
뵽ո뿪Ůͩ˲һԼ˴µĸо飬㻹ȥȽϺðɣȻʲôûи˵Ҹ˵ˣҲ̫ðɡ
ûʲôȤζܶԷĿʲô飬ҲӦɵȥͱȽϺðɡ
ǸҾкû뵽ȻƻԼᡣ
ʲôԼᣡҲ֪ԼΪʲôᱻԼָ̼˲ըëˡ
аɡͩ°ͣڸ˷ʱĺ𣿡
𣡡һͳֻ㿪ʼĵ绰ǶԷһֱӣʱػˡ
ͩüҪҰο𣿡
˸ۡ
õģĹͩ˵תߡ
ˣȭͷ㳯ĺ󱳸һ£ңǸġ
ڲĵ绰ڶιèĵطҲͲȥˡ
Ҳֱʱŷ֣Գһ֪رĴܡ
ⶼԼ˳ˣ⻹֪˼ǸѧУǸ༶İͩıҪж졣
֮ҾͲˣ˼Ҷû㣬˵ˣⲻ̨ˣҾǹк
ͩļ򣬡˵Լ취ɣѧУ
죬ջûпȻ֪̫ܣȥǾιèǸСͬ
ûпҪǸӰսеֻȾһĨί
֪ΪʲôҲ֪Ϊʲô͵Ļᶼ
ΪˣԵİΪ飬Ҳøһ͵Ļᰡ
ԽԽίȻûг磬ǣҲûгٵӣۿЩ졣
Ϊֻ֮ͨҲ˺ܶϢԷһֱûл
Ǳ˽űߵè䣬˳Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôôѹ
һ뵽ˣĵĿֻź;Ҫûˣ¶ԷҲԸˡ
ڶ죬죬ÿ춼ȥǸСͬιèҲÿ춼ָ绰š
Ǵ֮ҲûСͬ￴𣬶ȥЩϢҲʯһ㣬ûеõκεĻظ
ԭ⿪ʵŮҲǰôЦˣʱʱĶֻԭʢǳ˫Ҳȡˡ
ı仯̫ˣɲܱôʣЦ˵Լû£Ȼһ룬һγԼ֮С
˺ʱҲΪ˲Լѵģÿ¿εʱ뿪ң棬һһ飬䷳ĸϢ
һ߳ңͩ˺һݺݵҧһڣҲתƵڽŮϡ
ΪһεĻôǸֻżȻ
Ǹʱֻ㣬ѹûпңô˵װɡ


ɽأԱֵǿһ㡣
أһ㣿
ɽ¿ǣĵ˵ͷԣһ㡣
ˡؽ˽ǣݵͩһԸ֣ЩḡŮ
ͩԸ趨ղŵı鴦ȷʵЩ⡣
ȻȥǸģǱ˼ȥвԷģղŵıݣȷʵЩƽˡ


98 
ʱ, Եúʹ࣬ԴһĶ֮һֱΪ˶еںʹࡣ
Լصܱ˴, ѡ, ΪֻҪԼܵ, ܾͲᱨˡ
ֺ뷨ֻ˶, ĵ˼죬ȴȻʲô֪
ʱ, ȥǸģȴ֪Լο, ô, Լʵͬͬѧ
ǸԭӦǸС̫һˣһһʧȥâʱ, ԼǱӵ˸źĵһ㡣
Ϊ㲻ٳ, Ϊ㲻ˣΪΪҲˡ
ĽŲýԼһŵͷ˫ۼ̧ڿ˭ʱеˮٴδŴŵĵ
Բ𣡡촽˶, ³ޱȲ԰׵ļ֡
ŶԷйˮ, ŶԷΪ޹β, Լ, Ǳ˱ָסһ㡣
һ׹, Բûв㣬ֻǡֻǲ֪㡣
̫࣬ҽʵԼ¶ڶԷ֮£һΣˡ
ұ֤ӽһˣһĺġ
ԲǰˣԣܲܲҪҵˣܲܣҪң
֣ץס˳½ǣû̫ͽָľסһ㡣
˸ССڴڴǺһ𣬷·һͻ˲Ϩ
ƲסһΣޱ֪
ڵԼǱץס࣬ȻóһѰ˸źذףһһµĴ̴ࡣ
ûе㶶ȴΪӱôʹ࣬Ǹ
ǲԭˣԭСķ·һͻϨС磬ͻȻͱҫ۵Ļ⡣
Щѵĵ˵ͷ³һ䣬ûʲôҡ
ս˫ȭϸܹ֣ĶѾϸܵĺ飬ЩҪ̹ס
˵仰ʱ򣬳ɫ˰ףԭԲ԰׵ĴɫһѪɫҲޡ
֪Լ̹֮֮ĹϵǷܹά֣Ҳټȥˣȵ鱻ָԼ
˵˿ڿˮĽһϵзӦ֮˵ʵ̹ҲԵġ
Ϊ̹׶ŬĻôҲ˵ˡ
ʵԼʲôģֻǳ˶ѡ
ʵҾڽǸˡһգһҧһᣬޱȼѵһ仰׾ٵ˵ˡ
֮һϵͽһ㣬ڵȴּ⡣
ĻӴ˸ᣬ׶Է仰˼ʱѾǾˡ
ԲҶȣûа취ԭҲȻġ
ĳĬԳԣṆ̀͵ʱ⣬Ҳʱûȥˡ
ûˣ˵ҺܿİһĻҾͿʱؼˡ
ûоöԷʲôֵԼģҪ˵ĻûϳԷԼĲ
ΪʲôǱƻһ㣬Ϊʲôң
ΪΪϲ㰡

ɽ𣬳ھҲλˣǶڵ˵ǾĹԱ˵
ϲĵģľ޺ƽϷˣΪģ˵Ϸݣ϶һġ
ɽ˵ȫ˵Ǹ˿ɾˣԱϷΪݣĵĿ˵Ǿָ˰
ô죿ÿοľӰʦϷʱҶҪеĳ嶯
شյߣԼ죬ԼƲסг
CP𣿡üǺҪе̬
ῴCP飬ҪĿİǺгĻ棬޷˲գ
ǳ˳飬ǿԼҪϷİ۸סˡ
ʦÿοߴյʱҶرȥ
ԭһĸЦ·ҪƲסҪеأڿɽӰʱļͨͨԹˡ
Ҳ롣̵³һ䣬ЩCPУʱɽʵ̫˰
ϷݽˣȥԺúϢɽЦеĿˣһθпԼĹϡ
ʱΪĵԭ򣬶ľ޵ĻҲûʲô˰
ģһúϢġҪĵϷͷϷƽȻԼҪɲ״
ûʲôˣȥϢɡɽ˵ſľһۣϷݺҪȥҪ
˵ʲô㡣ľ˲ըëˣһǿ
ɽüЦ˵ʲôˣֻǶǻȥúϢ
˵˵ˣ˼ôôأ˵Ļɽ˵ҡͷһ˶ϵĶı顣
ľᣬֲ֪ηҪǶȥ˵Щʱ˵Ķ
ǾȻȥˡƽסľ޵֣ǰըëèһ㣬˳˳ĳ
ƽĶȻȡľޣԭĺëҲĶ±ƽˣԴ˲ƽģ¶ܵ顣
ȥȥɡɽ˰֣ľ֮ƶ޶á
ѧ㣬㡭ȥƵ·ϣľԵúԥ
ģ㲻ҲҶԹüûµģ㲻Ҫôšƽľ޵
㣬һŵûУڴ


99 
һ, ľ޾ͷ־ոƽЩ̫һΪʱľ飬Ѿʼˡ
ǽ, û, Ǻ³ʲôһ
Ǹǡѩǰľ۾, ЩԼһĻԼ϶ۻˡ
ȷվɽߵǸŮ˭ʱ, ľڼ
ץƽ·ϲõĹâ, ˵ѩ죬Ŀ˵һˡ
ʮ, ƾӰһɳ, ССͣƾⲿӰ, ժ˵Ӱڡ
Ӵ, ǿһ㣬ĵӵӰһ󱬣ָĽõ
Ҫ˵ʵѩͦģ, ֻ˵ȫͬġ
ѩ, ʮоŸ֪, ˵, Ǻܶ˵ż˰
ľޣѩķ˿, ֻȦӵʱѩΪԭѾϷˡ
Խھ鿴Էľ޶ЩԼ۾
ţѩʦƽľ޵Уܹľ޵ļ
ѩ֣ЩԱ˵ǶģҲǽԷżͳԽĿġ
ˣɽ˰ɣۼ⣬Ǳ߻˵Żأ߾Ϳˡ
˶һۣƽǣľ˹ȥǰãҽƽ
ҽľޣҡķ˿ܸܲǩľЩţЩҡ
ż񰡣ΪⱲӶûԷĻˣھȻˣӣԷҲҪⲿӰġ
һ뵽Լżľ޾;ĻȣţжԼܲܺúñֵĿֻš
Ǻðѩľ޵ļ򣬡ɣҲ˵ģǩ𣿡
Կԡľɿ֣Էڿհ״дԼ֣ںдһĻ
ľޱ㷢ԼĺЩ٣ڽӹӵʱ򣬻ŵϲ˲Ÿ֡
ӹ֮ľСķŽԼĿڴллǰ
ľһϵеľٶѩЦۣȻѾʮˣļãҲ̬ȥʮŮˡ
Цʱü´ԵرĴºͣɢ֪ԵرС
ÿҲллϲѩЦеĿľ޺ƽǿԼϲ˸Ŵº͵Ĺâ
⼸꣬ΪԭѾϷˣϲϷҲϲԼְҵ
Ѿûа취ɸǿȵĹˣҲȦһʼʱȷʵЩ̫Ӧ
ʱˣڲϷðҹøճ̵Ҳ˼ϲ
ȺϷʱʼܲϷˣҲǴǸʱ㲻Ϸˡ
һ֮ԻⲿϷһΪɽĶ룬һΪ籾һΪľ޺ƽ
ľ޺ƽǿʱվԣⲿ磬ΪҲΪȺЩʲô
δҲЩ̫ʵ˰ɡѩȥױˣľ޿վһԵɽɫӡ
ϲڱ飬֪಻ղڼѩʱĽŶҪϸƽ׵ʱˡ
治ܹҰɽ̯̯֣ѾѩܶˣҲܾܶˡ
ΪҪ׷źҲһֱûзҲŵõظû뵽ͼˡ
˵ľˣӵԷҪĵ绰ʱҲֲ֪ϦǺĻ㱸а
˺ˣҪ˵㻹ҪллأҿԼż˰ɽͦͦˣһûллء
ľ޳췭˸ۣ֪˵˼仰ҪʼNɪˣѧ㣬Ǳ
ѧ㣬Ҹ˵ڶоԼΰû뵽ҾȻԼżһΪⱲӶûء
ױߵ·ϣľ޵ûͣߴߴһֱ˵Լżжôôļ
ôһױ䣬ƽ̽Ÿˣֱϡ
ľʶĵ˵ͷȷʵܼ
ƽü΢źϺϵĺ촽ŹԹݺݵȥ
ľ޵ɴ۾ƽǺͬûᣬŵǿƵζ
ƽղŵ⣬ľüۣԷԼء
ƽĸ⻹һǿƵķʽԼĴ⣬ͣ棬Ҳܿİ
ľޱƽԼȫĵи˶Է


100 
ô£˵ŭŮ˽еռǱ, ҵ˶Ůϡ
Ů˳ռǱӹĻȣͣ˵ذϣϵļ鶯, ƺ޷Ƶŭ
Ϊʲôҵͬ, ҶҵĶ
𱻷ԼܵĿ־, ʱģǶԷռǱ顣
裬ҶĶҪͬʲôҲܶ, ҽûпռǱ㻹ʲôʱ򣿡
Ů˲ΪԼԷռǱΪʲô, ʱӷŭԼռǱ濴Ķ
ǱռǱ¼ģȻŮ, ϲһŮӵȫ, ʶ֪
ֻҪһ뵽ԼǱռǱ濴Щʲô, Ů˾ûа취Լŭ
޲ÿԷԴһ, 浽׶װЩʲôôܹ飬ôϲһŮ
裬ҲͶҵĶûоҵͬҷҵռǡ
Ů֮ǰһ, Լ˽, Ҳ¶, ûоҵ֮ͬǰ, Щ㲻ܶġ
ŮûлشԷ⣬һһͼ߶Է, ΪǴġ
ĸŮҲӦòͬԶĶȥռǱ˽顣
ڲҪҳЩеûģڸңⱾռдĵǲģǲĸһŮһˣ
ŮЩĻ˻ֱۣڷɨӣƺѰʲô
ǣҾϲŮôˣΪʲôϲŮӣŮ½ռǱı˻
ҵϲǵϲûʲôֻϲһԼϲ˶ѣҲûʲô
ûʲô㻹˵ԼûʲôŮ˵ͣ˷һϣ߹ȥ
㳯Ůݺݵĳ˹ȥ֪֪ԼŮӣŮôܹŮһ
ŮҪӵģһŮһϲһŮⲻǱ̬ʲôǲв˵㵽ôܸģ
Ů˺ѾŭͷԣеһһµĳŮϣĿлڲͣŶԷôܹˡ
ŮıŻıʼǰɣҧ´һϵʹԶԶʹ
û鱩¶ʱĸ׻һʲôķӦ
ΣҲԷǳŭûԷ˵Ǳ̬˵в
֪Լʲôֻϲһ˶Ѱ
͸ϲŮһֻǰһ˶ѰΪʲôϲǴģΪʲôϲǱ̬Ϊʲôϲв
˵ǲưˣ㻰أŮĳĬŮ˵ķŭԽԽҲԽĺˡ
ûҡΪʲôҪġŮ촽ЩףͷҲϸܵĺ飬̻¶ĸ첲ϣϽĺۼۡ
㻹˵ûϲһŮ˾ǴǸ˻ϲͬԣⲻǱ̬ʲô
㲡ˣ϶ǲˣԣ϶ǲˣ˾Ҫȥҽھ͸ȥҽԺ
ŮӵеľȥҽԺ
ҲȥûвҲҪҽҽԺֺǴ̼ŮӿŮ˵֣ûвҺ
˫ͨĿŮˣŷŭѹ
ϲһŮ㻹˵ûвŮָָŮĻȥβ
ûвûвŮŮ˴УҺûв
Ů˵дЩķͫ΢΢΢Ѫƺڼѹʲô
㻹˵ûв㻹˵Ůϵļݺݵض˼£֮ǰԼӵľٴγŮ
ǴңҲûŮ˫ۿеķѾȥ𽥱ѹȡ
Ϊȫ˶޷ңҲȥŽңȥҰŮ˫ţΪ谡
Ϊ裬һжΪãĻǺúβŮ첲ϵ˺ۣŮˡ
֣ҪŮˣȴԷӿˣ˵һ飬ûв
㻹˵ûв㿴Ǹ˻ϲͬԣ֪ҵŮǸͬǷš
ŮĴԼӣ֪ԼһɶŮôͬ
ţûа취ܣŮӦøһӲŶԡ
Լ󺰴У˵ûд˵ûв˵ϲŮףŮΪʲôӡ
ĸͲңֻӶѣԣҵҸǰͲֵһ𣿡
Ů˳ǣЦЩɬᣬΪԸվҵλȥҵġ
Ϊ𣿡ŮЩŲȵĳһŵĿŮ
Ůר˱𴦣ûиӣ裬ɣˣҾҲҪ侲һ£飬侲̸֮ɡ

ѧ㣬û°ɡɽһľޱ̳˹ȥץƽĸ첲ϸϸļ
ҴСѧ㰡ѩЦеĿˡ
ûûСľЩ˼ӣղž䣬ǲѩ죬Ͼ߲ĹӰ
СˡѩЦһĴ飬ȴɹ¶˲˼顣
϶ɽ˵ġľЩ߷ߵĵɽһۡ
ƽԴΧһۣһڡ
ѧ㣡ľ޺ǾȣƽȻô¸ô׽ǰܷ
ôˣƽ˴֪ʡ
˵ѧصʲôطȥˣľ޿ƽһĿ
ƽһ£ˡ˵Żֵ˵ľ޵Ŀڣ
ѧرİľһ£òϣԼбõˡ
ҲˣƽЩƺرģĵЩ̫
ǰҺܿġƽǵĻȸˣ𣿡
ǲãǡľ룬û뵽ʵĴʣˣֻҪƽľͺãܷʲô飬ˡ
ûУܺãϣѧһӶĵġ
һֱһֱģһֱһֱһ


101 
𲻼ǵԼط˶, ʱգȻЩţĸĸ԰ҩ
˯ѵʱ͵ط, ͬ˳, رĿЦ
ļ˸ûҪȥ, Ǿвý͵ֹطܹˡ
ˣеĳɢȥ, չƽڸĸ, Ѿٱκεڴ
Ψһĵģ, Ǹ, ʧôãһĻ, ഫһʹ, ͷص˿
һĵطΨһ֧ţÿĥʱ򣬿ԿǸ˵Ƭ
𣬵ƵʱˡŰ״ӵˣŵ, ߽ʱ, еĵļ, һ㡣
̧ͷ˶Էһ, ЩͣĴӽվ߳˷, Ķ·Ѿˡ
ɡָָΨһһӡ
ľȻ˹ȥ£ŶԷԼֽŰûһ˿ĲͺʱطĥǸ˲һ
Ѿˣң벻뿪
˵˫ֳӵķ֣𣬡ңؼ𣿸㣬㻹ϲŮ𣿡
תתƺ˼ؼ𣿲һ㶼룬طһ̿ʼѾˡ
ϲŮ𣿶⣬ЩЦϲ˾ǸŮ˰Ϊʲôϲ
ң㲻ϲˣϲеġ˴ӿڴͳһƬ˵㲻ϲˣϲ
ڿƬһ˲䣬ԭûκιʵ۾ſ죬ޱּᶨ³˼ϲ
˵㲻ϲˣ˵ϲվһŵˣڳ˵ϲʱеĵûһ˿ɵ˳ļϡ
߻һ£˫ۣȻĶеƬû˿ʹı飬ƺһĨЦ⡣
б£ǾʹңңҾͲܷϲ
ķӦƺǼŭֳֵˣֱӴ˿ء
Ϣһ¡
ƽղǸطΪʲôҪôʲô뷨𣿡
һ꿨ɽ̳ƽ֣Լôһ룬ƽͱľ޸ռˡ
šƽ˵ͷҲǸ뵽ط֮󣬲ڰǱ
ѾľˣֻƬܹȼѾŵģҲֻܹ
ϲʹĥȻΨһĹâҾüôһЧһ㡣
ǸԼӴˣ㿴һɡ
ɽû˵°˳˼֮Цŵģ㴦ĺܺãȥȿˮϢһ£Ǽ
áƽ˵ͷľ˹ȥ
˰ɡӵݸƽľ޽ַƽļϣ
ƽʱϷݺأÿһرѹֵϷݣÿһƽϷʱľ޶Щġ
ƽᱻӰ죬ƽûа취ϷôೡϷˣƽֵĶľҲͽķԼĵġ
ۡƽľ޵ϣͷĵͦĵġ
ƽû˵ѣȻ֮Ϸݶѹ֣ȷʵĵĺܿġ
ʵһرѹҵˣСԼˣĸ׵ʱǻѡͣԼѹҡ
٣Ӧ˵ȥִΪԶ˲Эһ
֮ǰ˵񣬵֮һĲͬǣѡЭʱѡ˿
ľͺáľһƽǰ鷢ʲô⣬һҪҡ
ģһġƽľ޵ֱû籾֮ǰҲΪԼᱻӰ졣
籾֮ŷ֣ЩѹֵϢľ飬ûиʲô̫Ӱ졣
ΪЩʱҩ֣⼸ʱûгҩ֪ԼǲǺˡ
⼸ϷҲȷʵһֱѹĵײͷ˳ԣʵĵĺܿģҲɣҲûгĵЩ⡣
ˣ׼һ£ǿʼһ
һҪĵϷݣǳڽͬµĥһοƬʱʹôԸ⣬Ҳϵ񣬻ģų⡣
ԼⱲϲˣȻΪֻҪͻʶȥų⣬ȥĵĴڣûа취һУԣѡ˽Լ
ң㻹ϲ𣿡ָƬϵŮһʵ
ҧ´ıĺֱ£ƺÿһͷ˿д˿ܣֻθһʲôƺҪθк
˵شҵ⣬㻹ϲ𣿡ų°ֱͣԼеƬ
ҧ´Ѫ˳°͵䵽˵ϣĲʣתԼ飬ҪԼߴƬƿ
ʧˣ˵־һֻǯ̶Դƴת飬ƬȻӰΡ
ƺĳĬŭˣɿ˳°ͣʾվԼԱߵ˶֡
״ӵǰԼ˳졣
챻֮һֱǿ̶ĵĳҲ̲סˣŻᣬҲŹ
ûа취ٿںǸ˵֣ûа취ٸǰһĺҰڹ뵽Ǹ˵ݣȫ¶ܡ
ҹˮڽ䱧Լлһף˵ҲЩ̫ʣΪһѾĥƽˡ
ᣬеӣӣǰڳԷʱģӵһѾĥƽˣԵúǷ
һЩյķ䣬˽֣ʱסʱа˸ˣڣֻʣһˡ
֪ԼڵģǲѾﵽĸڴӣԲҪġ
ڽط֮ҲȥڣȥˣӣʹȥˣҲûа취һˡ
˰ٴμʱǶġ
Щˣֳ֮˾սеףԼݺݵػȥ
ѪźɫѪ飬һһεĴ䣬ЦˣǸЦĶᡣ
һԵõֽźãı˫ۡ


102 
ĻҲͲ˵, ⲿܹ˳ɱ࣬Ȼ벻λĸлĻȫⱭˡ
ҽ쳨˳, ˺, 첻, Ҳ顣ɽžƱûкȣƺѾˡ
Ŀ, ֱⲿ˳ɱˣžԼǿ̤ʵ, ôõľ˳ɱ࣬û˱ˡ
ѧ, ͱȾ, ȵ֭ͺˡľ޽ƽǰľƱõԼǰƽһ֭
ƽ, Ǻ, ˵ˣ֮ҲǺܵģɲϣƽ۵ġ
ƽͷһľǰտյľƱҲٺȵ㣬ȥ֮Ҫ˵
áƽҪԼ˵, ľޱ̽ݵߵľƱ, ɲȾ¡
Ϊɱ, Ҷܿ, ЩԼľûȷ֪˾ͺȵеˣȵֽʱ, ѵ˾ûмˡ
ûкôࡣľ޴˴Լļ򣬽ЩŪҲͦѾġ
֮Ҳӵġƽбһۣľްڴ һһ¸ż
ʲôҺ֮ҲǸӡľޱһĲš
ƽ򴽽ǣͱסЦʾľãڶԷĵطǣϴκ֮ģ֪͸¼㿴ˡ
ҲԼˡḻ֤̌뵽ɽֳ֮Цֿ޵ӣľǳ˳飬֮Ҳӣ̫ˡ
뵽ƽѾĿùԼӣľ޾һҪڸӽԼ˵ĳ嶯
ѧ㣬㲻˵Ҫ˵𣿡Ϊ˲ƽԼǶĹȥľ޸Ͻת˻⡣
šƽסľޣԼ°ͷͷһ˼ҡ
Ҫȥ尢𣿡ľһʱƽԼſˣ͵һת˾˽Լ
Сġľεıסƽѧ㣬û°ɣ
û¡ƽľ޻ã۾ѹЩƿߣӲͷƤԼȥ㡣
ľһ£еĹһһİȥִܿ˾񣬡ҲǣЩ̫żˡ
ƽԸȥԼļˣ˵ľһ㶼ѹʧǿ϶ƭ˵ġ
ҲƽԸ϶ԼĿǣļġ
Բ𡣡ƽЩ۵ľ޵ԼҵԼڼ黹ûд֮ǰľȥԼί
˵ʵʵûжܹļ˽ľޣҲ֪ӱǽġ
Դһ̸֮ƽҲǶ϶нӵĸ׵ĵ绰ÿһζ
ҪǸûʲô̫ļˡƽһǸľ޾ۣ֮Ĺϵ⣬Ҳ˶ĸĸһ
ûмƽĸĸҲ֪ǶʲôˣƽǰҲĸ顣
ѧ㣬ȥ֮һҪұϵ̸ңǧҪһ˳ţҪסܷʲô飬Զ󡣡
Ҳ֪ǲΪ籾ԭľܾЩ̫ģҲ֪Լó룬ǿססԼ
ġƽľ޵ĶͷɥĲ飬ġ
ҡľ˺죬˵Լûô룬ղŵıҲȷʵЩ̫ˡ
ѧ㡭뵽Լղʶľͽƽļôľ޾;Щա
֪ڵҡƽ̾˿ҵļ˶Ƚϱأ֮ճ̶Ȳļˡ
һŬ˵ǵģ󡭡ûа취ܣҲġ
˵ʱƽ˶ⱲˣҵĸĸǷܹ㣬Ҷſֻ֣ǡίˡ
ίġľޱƽһ㶼ίݸܹõӦľ޶ԣϱķ
˲̫̰ˣľ޶ԣھѾˣֻǡ
˲ƽľĵ׷һĨʹˡ
ĸĸȽϿ֪ԼϲŮӵʱҲûͼȥǹȥ¸ҵ׷Լϲˡ
ϲһʼ͵õ˸ĸףϲˣҲǴһʼͱļ˽ˡ
ľ˵ϲƽϣѾûʲôźˡ
ƽͬļ˶֮ǳַģҲԺҲܵõǵף
ƽ˵ȷʵЩ̵ģûа취õ˵ͬͽܣվһѹ鰡


103 
ڶһ, ƽľ޻û˯ѵ¾뿪ˣȻǵĿĵزͬʵǿͬһຽġ
ƽ, ļ˹ͨһ˵ս, Ϸɻ֮ǰ, ҲѾ˴绰˵ˡ
ڻؼҵ·ϣƽҲߵǱȽϿģ֮ǰǹͨʱڵ绰, 棬ܹûôѹ
˷ɻ֮, ƽľޱһ£򳵻ؼˡ
, һˡſｨ֮, ƽ˽ȥ
ˣȥϴ, и, ϾͿԳԷˡŮ˴ӳ̽ͷƽһۣ˳
ƽŵһſһӵķˣԼ½ǣ˺гһĻ֮С
Ϊ, Լ̤ŵһ˲, ӭ, ͷŭŶ, º͵Ļ棬ƽЩ֪롣
վʲô, ȥϴֳԷƶһ˴ӳʱվűûжƽٴδߴٵȥϴ֣һ᷹Ҫˡ
áƽ죬Źغñȥϴˣĸ׵̬ʲôλĿĲ˶ı䡣
Ե㡣Ƽ˼ŹǷƽһλȣ˲٣۲ۡ
ۡƽҡҡͷҲۣϲĹ
СⱲΨһԼĸ׵ľֻ飬һĸףѡ˱ݣһĻ¡
޵İ׷ƽЩᣬЩ꣬ΪԭٻؼңҲԷúóһٷʱ
ܶʱǲɢΪԸЭҲЭ飬ڲͣ
衣
˵ҪѧݣͲԸȥѧֻϣܹƽƽĳԺһ㰮˽ӡ
費֪ʲôȦҲ֪ǸȦӲôýģǲȰҪȥѧ
֪ôۣж費жϢֻǡ
裬֪㵣ҡƽڴƣϲݣѡҵʱҾ׼
ԣҲܹ࣬Լϲ飬Һܿģû˿˶ϲԼѡҵʱҾѾ˽һе׼
ԼϲĹԼϲˣҾԼڵѾûʲôźˣ裬Һܰĺܰܰ
ƿƽһۣеĿӣԼڴͳһƬƽֱߡ
̵ĶǰʱմӹԺ׼ڹڷչˣڻǵǵСʱϵɺˣ㡭
衣ƽеĿصϣѾϲˣҲֿܻġ
㡭ƺ뷢𣬵֪뵽ʲôǿǸŮ һ𲻿ܻҸġ
ûҲŲҸƽƣһһٵĵ裬벻Ҳܻκһ
һλҲֿܻ
һкûԺô죿ֻڣûԺ󡣡
صĴӣģҪôֻǱһʱԻˣҪ
֪֪ô˵ģ֪֪컹ңǲϲŮ֪֪Ҫûˡ
Ҫпǹ𣿴Сһ𣿵ܹ˲飬һûЭ˲
裬ԣ棬ҵҸҪҪǣϲŮ㶪ˡ
ҲûʲôֻǰһҪЯһ˶ѣ裬뱲ӵҵģҲԼڣҲܸԼϲһ
֪ûа취֮飬Ҳ⣬ֻϣԲҪңҪֹҡ
֪һĺ࣬ҲӦǲҸġ
Ҹô겻ҲôͲˣǿģ㡭
أô꣬Ҹ𣿡ƽ⻰һ˵ͺˣ衭
ڳˣӲ˰ΪʲôλΪ𣿡һ˵ţһֲ˲۽ǡ
ԼɷڰǸľǸĸ֮ý֮ԣʹ󲢲ҸΪ˺ӣҲˡ
ӵעһУȴôҲû뵽Լô˵Ůɶ£ôģ
ǣһжΪңҲ֪ԴһʼҾ;رĿǷ
룬ûңǲǾͲùôʹˣܾԼͲӦϡ
ԣҺȥûνڣֻҪ˵ģҶΪŮҿǷġ
ǡǡƽץؿڵ·ҲѡҸȨɣ֪ңҡ
ҪҸҪӶҰֵı磬Ҫ𣿡
ƣĲܸ𣿡
ˣⱲѾ϶ˣ裬ֻ׷ѰԼҸ
˵ʱƽҲ÷ǳܣȻ˵˲⣬ôĲء
衭
޷˵ָ飬Ҳûа취ܣҲԺŵʱ򣬱ָż˵ҵŮ
ҪǲģͲҪ裬Ҳ͵ûŮƵı䣬·ƽֻҪ˵֣ͻ̸ϾĸŮϵ
裬һǾ仰ϲҲֻһûа취⣬Ҳǿ󡣡
ƽƿվһٻġ
߳ţԺͲҪٻˡƴϵ˫֣Ѿһ
ƽս˰֣仰ʱһ£һ룬ԥĴ˳ȥ


104 
ľ޽ַֻ, Ѿ֪Լظٴˡƽ绰´ŵ
ƽȥ, Ҫ˳̯Ƶ, ƽҲ˵, ļ˶̶֮ܳȲߡ
߻˵Ǿ޷ܣʱ绰ȥ, 붼룬϶ŵԷġ
ƽ뿪ʱûик, ľ޲ûΪܹƽ
, ھƽȥԼ˵ʱ, ϶Ҳȸļ̸֮ȷܹƽ, Żƽȥǡ
ĸĸ޷, ľǿ϶ƽȥģΪɢǰٷ֮ٵģ᲻ƽ
ԣҲƽ϶ͬ뷨, յƽ˷ɻϢ֮, ľҲû, ֻ˵ڽ̸֮Լϵ
, һʱ䣬ľսеֻ, ʱţĵҲ֮
֪Լú˼룬ǣƽҲûпסԼȥ˼밡
˵ǲŽһ磬ȻһֱڸԼǾ籾ʵƽ֮ǰҲ˵ļ˲ôĵġ
ЩĳȴڲͣԺлطУƽŹ򣬱һĻڲͣĻطš
ԼǶǼٵģǣľޱϾûмƽļˣҲͲ֪ʲôˣһһǸͽ֮ܲ顣
һһҲ籾еľ޴˸飬͵վУԼȥһᱻԼĥġ
˿еֻԥһ£ľ޻ûвƽĵ绰һ̸ҪͷԼһ绰ȥƻ
˵ˣƽǱ߽϶һʱϵԼģӦôסģɲľôοԼĿֻһ㶼ûм
ڷת˺üȦľջǾȥûа취ϵƽ棬ֻҪƽҲܹһʱ俴Է
ľûа취ڷȥˣٴȥ¾ҪԲƽߵĻˣµĻ棬ľ޹һ룬;ԼҪ޷
ŵһ˲䣬ľ޾ͿǸúõվԼǰѧ㡣ľ޵Щʣۿˡ
šƽЦЦǻϬһˡ
ѧ㡣һ룬ľ޾˵ƽ˶Էģĺܺ£ãڰȻվԼǰ
㵣ˡƽľ޾磬˿ǿ޴ŵҲ䡣
ľɿƽ˷䣬ʹô㣬ðô졣
ƽɳ£ľȥƽϣůһ£Ҹ㽪ȣܿġ
˵ҲƽӦ˳ûƽΪʲôûдףҲûƽΪʲôһʱԼ绰ΪЩ飬ǲȥʵôġ
ľ޽˳ƽɳϱ˫ۣĸ׵̸Ȼ룬ȴҲ֮С
ƽû̫⣬˵Ľһ㶼ѹǿ϶Ҳƭ˵ġ
ʵͦѹģȻ֮ǰΪľ޵ĸôΣƽʼվá
ĸǰģ˲⣬ֻҪȥ̸Էܻġ
ڿ̸ΣնɣԣܹȵףһڣƽЩȷˡ
ѧ㣬Ⱥȵ㽪ůůӣȥõĽ˳ľޱ׼ٴˡ
ƽڵ״̬ܹĳ˵Ľ̸룬ԣڿ϶ҲǶŶӵġ
һɡƽסľޣԼϥǡ
ľҲûоֱܾ˹ȥԼֱƽĻ
ƽľޣ°ͷľ޵ļϣ˿Ϥζǻƽ˲Žķ
ԺҲؼң᲻ʧƽЩ
ľ޼Լļˣͺ֮ĹϵԶùһǼˣҲȷļǷľ޶
ĻҲˣϣľҲĶûļˣϾϵЩӲһ
ǿԲϵЩԶΪЩ˸ûκεĹϵЩȻӡ
ЩǴļ˿˵ģǿɾ̫ˡ
ѧ㣬˵Ҳʧǿ϶ƭģΪǲǱˣļˣûа취õǵϿɡ
ȻҲʧѹ飬Ҵһʼ׼ˣϲѧʱҲܿôҰ̯ء
ľ˿˸Ƚѧ㣬ڲϿûйϵеʱ䡣
˼˰̥Ůţһ죬һ²۰ĵġ
Ϳʼ۰ˡƽһ£˴ľ޵ڵƤô
ƤˡľལѧղŲƤˮ飬۵ģ
ҿƤȼǽˡƽЦǺۡһ˵Żһ
ľͷƽǵĨЦ⣬ľҲǣѧ㣬һһֱߵģԣҪһսˣҪˣҿŮѰ
ţ´βˡƽͷ˫촽
ǰˣԼһȥˣ쾭ܲ⣬ܲܽܡ
ľİˣһ޷ıģҪǣܷʲôܻҲҲľ˵
Լļ˼棬ʲô£ƽȥľ޵ľޣҲȷʵ


105 
Դƽؼһ֮, ľޱ׺պ˸绰첻ҪǰŹ
ȻƽıϿʲôľҲ֪ƽ˵, ٻЩӰ, ⼸, ҲúõԷ
ڼ˼۵֮׺պ쵹ûдǣɽĵ绰ȴ˹, ľ⼸ȲҪĹ
ԭڽʱ, ʵҲиһ䡣
һμȻ绰ˣǾ˵, Ѿ¶ˡ
𣿡ľ޹Ҷ˵绰, ƽʵ
šľߵƽ˵⼸ȲҪŹ, ǱӦѾӰƬȥˡ
ǲеˣƽ΢΢šü, ˶ǰһ½ӰƬȥģ˼ҿʱŽӰƬȥЩ˵Աٲڱɡ
ľЦЦͲҪĵˣ˵ˣЩڱ, Ҳǡ
ƽľ޵Ͽ˿, ɽⲿӰƬȥμӹʵӰ, ƽ⡣
ϾҪڴ½ӳ, ˵ʵһȽѵ, ϾڵԣڶͬԵӰĽ̶ܳȻǷǳСġ
ƽҲܹɽȻûа취ڴ½ݣⲿӰƬڹʵӰõôҪⲿӰƬӳͲʲôܵˡ
ҾһΣɽҪڹʵӰõʵҲһǳǳѵ顣
⼸꣬ǻĵӰȻԽԽ࣬ȦҲ˵ԽԽˣⲢζŸĵӰԽԽˡ
ܶʱ򣬺ܶർݶΪ棬ĳӰƬֻ˵ǷϴڵĿζȴû̵̫壬ڲμʵӰڣǸ붼Ҫˡ
ӦûǵһβμӹʵӰڰɣǰҲĹٵĵӰˣȴû˵бμӡ
˵ʵӰڵʱľҲ̲ס̾˿ڵĵӰгƬԽԽ࣬ĵӰ١
ڵĻӰȦѾǰʱˣǰʱǻ˵ǹʵӰڵĳͣܶ󽱻ҲС
ԭķչǻĵӰȦֻԽԽٲǣڷˡ
ȴǺ˿ˣܶ˶ıøӿˣҪúĳӰĵݣҲѾԽԽˡ
ɽһֱûвμӹʵӰڣǾԼʵɣһ֮ԻᱨҲΪⲿӰƬ԰ɡ
ƽԼ˶ľ޵ĻôһϣⲿӰܹӳ
ͬûдø֪İ飬Ů֮İ鲢ûκεĲҲ˲ûʲôͬҲ˵ϣڿⲿӳĵӰܹ֮Ⱥ塣
ֻϣЩమ˿֪ǲûдϣǿԼȥϣǲҪԼˣϣⲿӰƬĸĸȥǵĺӣȥԽǵĺӡ
ģŵݣò󽱣øСҲûʲôģСòŵͷοɾЩʵˡ
ľƽĶͷģǻԽԽãҲԽԽá
۹ʵӰڵ飬Ҳкܶڹע飬ǻѾкüûеӰѡˣһκܶҲ߷˹ʵӰϡ
ĻԣǻϣĻԻͿٴ֣ϹпܱμӹʵӰڵҲҵۡ
ҾһΣҲñμӹʵӰ˰ɣ⼸ĵĵӵӰΣҲĿõģҾʵ
һҲϣҾϾЩ̫ǳˣȥμӹʵӰڲһܹõҲٳܹ꣬ڹʵӰõҲ˵
¥ϵģ˵£ҾЩ̫ˣ˵˵ĳĵӰЩƵĵΣ
Ȼˣ˵⻰˵Ҫȥ˭Ҳ˵ҪȥֻǾ£⼸꣬ĵӰгһʲôӵģҲĿõġ
ƾ˵ЩܹȥĵӰԽԽˣɽݵĵӰ͵Ӿ磬ǱؿģɽȻСĲŻĿõġ
Ҳ˵ɽݵĲŻֻǾڲμӹʵӰڶɽ˵ǲЩ̫ðˡ
Щ꣬ʵӰѡĵӰΣҲĿõģҳɽȷʵǺвŻǸЩȣǾͲñɽȱٲŻ
һ޷ڹʵӰϵýɽ˵᲻һһ˭Ҳ޷ȷЩ꣬ɽҲûвμӹʵӰڣǲζҲԼʵأ
˵ôǳ־Լ簡ɽ⼸ûвμӹʵӰ磬ζǺ˰
Ҳ˼
ҿ˼˵˵ȥ㲻ǾǻĵûʲôܹһιʵӰո¶ͷ𣿡
˵ҪɽݲμһεĹʵӰڣ꣬ɽѾûĹӰ˰
⻰һҲĬˣǰ۵ֵģϣܹμӵǸѾûĹκεӰ
˵ɽΪʲôĵӰˣǾԼĲŻѾľˣΪʲôԭأ
ʲôŻľǾԲŵģҪ˵ɽݿ϶ģ׼ģ˵᲻͵͵ĵӰ׼һϲ
Щ˵ɽŻľۣҲ֮Աǵġ
ɽǶʮȦӣҲʮξ˵ɽŻľˣǲ޻̸֮
Ҳɽݿ϶ڱأ˵û֪΢͸¶һ㰡Щץӷεġ
ǣʵһ̫Ĳ²⣬֪

콲콲
ϴȴз
һϤķܶ˶ЩȲҪ̽ԼĲ²˵Ͼǰ漸εʱ򣬵˵ķ󲿷ֶѾ֤ʵˣҲ˵ķҲ͵ͬʵˡ
ǣӦҲ֪⼸£ݲû¶棬ɽݲ¶ȷʵͦģϾǵֲˣҲҪʱʱ̵̿ع⣬ǳɽ֮⣬ûзľӰƽСʱҲûκεг̣˵ûĵط𣿡
ûУԴεĴ֮⼸¸ûκεϢ΢ҲǺüûиˡ
ȷʵǣѾüûгԵˣڶ˿֢ˡ
ĩӰʱ˵¶ˣһնûа
һ֮ҵķ˿Ҳ֮УȷʵѾü¶ûпԼżˡ
ЩCP۶ԣҲѾüûгԵˣ⼸ҲǰЩƵڲǷ֣ҪٲӪҵԼϾҪΪȱǶˡ
Դе˼ǣɽľӰƽСĵӰ
ûȻҵĲ²⣬Ҿ²ĿԻǷǳģΪľӰƽС֮⣬ҲѾüûгˣأҲѾʧüˡ
Է˵⼸ˣʱ֪ȿǷǳߵģҲȷʵѾüûгӪҵˣڷԵӰ֮⣬ûеڶֿˡ
ΪˣԱż˵˶ûκεϢⱾǲģ˵ֻһˣûκεϢǿǶԷΪϢü˶ûκεг̣Ǿˡ
Ҳôеͦ׵ģ˵ֻһˣûκεг̣һܹ⣬Ǵ˵⼸ˣʱ䣬ǵ֪ԼȶȿɶǷǳߵģ⼸һʧȷʵֻһȥĵӻǵӰˣ֮⣬벻Ŀˡ
մеƲ⣬Ҳ˵ɽһΣпܻμһεĹʵӰˣ
ҾԻеģڱȽϵĵľǣǵĵӰܹܲϵһεĹʵӰڣ
û֪ڰܲ΢͸¶ôһ㰡
˵ȥɽݣ᲻ظ
ȣǣһϢеķ֮Ҿȥ˽ɽˣȻղţڸղţѾõɽݵĻظ˵ѾһεĹʵӰڡ



ļٵģƣɲҪƭǰ
ûƭǣɽݸոյĻظҸҰͼǿԿ
Ҿ˵ˣɽݿ϶Ĭĥأǡ
ѧɽݱһεĹʵӰڣǲζǻһпý
ҾðɣòýҪһòҲ´μŬɽݱϾǵһβμӹʵӰڣǻǲҪ̫ѹˡ
¥ϵ˵ĶԣɽܹμһεĹʵӰڣ˵ѾһľϲˣܹõȻһ˿ĵը飬òɽȥμӹʵӰڣҲֵǾġ
⼸꣬ӰȦμӹʵӰڵĵݻϿ˵ûУΪӰȦѾԽԽˡ
ЩҪμӹʵӰڵĵ˵ѹȻǿ֪ԺܶҲûȥμӣɽμˣûýڶѿһѾһˡ


106 
°˺, ʵӰڵһ죬ЩԹʵӰڱȽϹע˵˵ӵǰˡ
Ͼ, ǻǵһеݱμӹʵӰ, Ȼܶ˶Ǳſ̬
ʹǶɽرϲ, ҲɽܹһεĹʵӰո¶ͷǡ
ʱƣԭֵĵĻȴǳһ˲Ŀհס
ոաҡۻ𣿣
Ҳ֪˶, ԭհ׵ĻƮһ仰
Ӧáǰɡ
Ҳòۻɣ
һۻܴҶۻɡ
ǾǷۻ, ˵ĻشҲرȷֻ, ղĵǸ, Щš
ŵģȻҲֻĻǰĹ, ֻͷɨ֮, ˲ת˻ȥһд
Ǵģ֮ǰ˵۵׻ɴɣ
ȷʵǣҸղȥһ£û׻ɴ
ʲô
ǹ𣿡
˵, ھһ, ε֮ǰ˵, ׻ɴ, ԡڴòᡭǵɡ
Ļһ֣ԭҪCPҲ˲Ҫô̵֡
, һصⰡȷ˿ľٶأ߾ѾѸٸ˴𰸡
ڵ˵ǲӣʲô˵ڣҲʲôϡ
ɲǣЩӱûӣǴŵͺڱˡ
ΪѸٸ˽ͣҲ÷˿ѸٰˣһģìͷȻҲͶ׼֮ǰҪ¶˵Щˡ
һ˲䣬ܶ˶ֱֳرˡ
ǹϲԻɽݣεӰڵĽ򽱡
ʱԭҪ˺ĵĻһαˣһ룬ĻٴκĻ
ǹʵӰڵ߽˭û뵽ɽΪһβμӵĵݣȻõ߽
ҵ찡Ҳΰɣ򽱣ˣ̫ˡ
Ҿ֪ɽݿ϶Եġ
ҿˡ
ѾˣǻӰȦҲüˡ
ȵȻǣȲҪҸղź˵ƽŮǽ
ҡҲˣƽСȻôʾ֮ӱˡ
ǡõӰˣ
ƽСҪ̨콱ˡ
ȻǲֳȻγҲӰ첻ֳƽ̨һ˲䣬̲סһĻ
ܹõĺܼܹõǶұ˵ϿɣҪлĻᡣ
˵ʱƽɽһȻˣɽݣһкܶҪлˣһֱΪæȥæһֱҵľˣȻһˣҪҲҴˡ
ƽ߷ľ޵ϣཻһ˲䣬жЦͻ⡣
ţܶ˶ܺҽΪʲôᴩһ·ϤҲȷʵӦϳ֣Ϊһ׻ɴ
Ϥˣһ·ҲӦòİûľӰϴף϶֮ĹϵŸָĲ²⡣
ܶ˶ܺ棬֮䵽ʲôϵô죬ҿԸǣˣеΨһĹ⡣
˵仰ƽͲˣŽľ˹ȥҲΪƽľ֮١
˲ûпʼһڣͷҲһֱƽƶ
ѧ㣬ϲ㡣ľ޴λվӭİˡ
ľޡƽеĽݸɽɽǽһӵݸƽ򿪺ӣһöڵƹ˵Ĺâ
ľͫ΢ڿöָʱЩŵģƽϥصǸ˲䣬ǲܿƵĺۿ
Ǹе˵֮ҪģֳŵˣľޣԸ޸𣿡
Ը⣬Ը⡣ľգգ۾¡
ޡƽָľ޴ϣϵˮÿĲǰ
ģġľЩ״ΣָϵĻ䣬޵ĳ嶯
ƽľ޵۽ǣȥҰ㡣


107 
ʵӰڽ, һ˶û뵽ķʽˡ
ʵӰڽ֮㷺۵ģɽõ˹ʵӰڵ߽, ǳڵӰϵ顣
ԼǳһϵкӰ, ƽڹʵӰ֮, ҲǵȫԼľ֮Ĺϵ
֮Ĺϵ֮ǰһֱŸָĲ²⣬һ, ҲǱ³֤ʵˡ
˹ϵ飬ܶ˵ķӦͿǲһ, Щ˾ľ޺ƽ¸ҡ
¸ҵǿȫǰԼİ, ҲҲͬǴ, ǻȫ飬ر𲻺õӰ졣
ڹʵӰڽ֮, е϶۹ľ޸ƽ֮顣
ȶߵ, Ȼ΢Ҳȶߵʱһ΢ճĺܶ˶ûзӦ
ѩ죺V
ԴϢ֮Ѿܳʱû΢ϻԾˣһ, ǳ޽еֳ֮, Щ, Ҳ˵һ˵, ˵ǹϲǡ
ϲҵ˱˴˵ϲȫļ֤, ˱˴ĳŵڴ󲿷˵º֮ĸ顣
˵ǣĺ¸ң٣Ǳ¸ң˴뱲ˣûСѾͷ¸ңоԼҲԽԽȥˣԽҽһҵİ@١
ѩȻѾܳʱ䶼Ϸˣķ˿ǷǳӴģ΢һ
ķ˿·˶𾪵ˣʶѩˣȻҲʲôˡ
ѩʱҲǱⲻ˻뵽ǸߵĽƾˣ٣ڵ˵ǳĸߡ
ѩܹ֮Ƿֲģѩ򲡶ʱϢӰʱҲһȦʧˡ
ڵò˶ϧģٵû˵ģҶΪѩʱûа취μӹ
˾ǱӦҲᰲٴţ˭û뵽ѩʱϢӰ֮Ҳǵ˹ʧˡ
ڵʵҲ˲Сĺ䶯˶ڲ²ѩ֮ʱϢӰǲ򲡡
˵Ϊ˾ԭ򣬱Ͼ򲡵ĻΪʲôҲҪǵ
ֻڵʱҲûʲô֤ݣҲ֮ˡ
˭ܹ뵽֮󣬵δ֮գ˽ҿյס
ѩپȻ˹ϵǳ˵Ԥϣ˭û뵽ʵྐྵȻӵġ
ڶѣЩزʱ֪ǣᣬء
Щ֮ǰľ޺ƽһμӹսǣҲʱԼľ޺ƽ֧֣Լǳֿף
֮⣬ǰ¸ոõڶӰ󽱱ͩԼ̳ҲżӰҲʱ׷վ˳
Ƕľ޺ƽ֧֣Լ֧֡
Щ֪֮⣬ȺĺܶˣҲѡʱվ˳ڸ罻ƽ̨Ϸԡ
ʵж˵Լ֮ĸ飬緢Բƣǵİ鲢ûдǸͨ˲ûκε
ʱ˲ŷ֣ԭΪֻٲ˵Ȧӣĳǵ
Ȼڸ罻ƽ̨ϣҲ˶ԷɹճеͨŮһǵİۣȻҲʹࡣ
һҹ֮䣬ܶ˶ȥߵԸЩѡʱ򣬽Լĵ׵һһ߳
Щѡʱ򣬽Լİ⴫ȥЩѡʱ򣬽Լ˿˺
Щѡʱȫ棬ǿЯһǿ鵽ϡ
ЩɹճЩܹͬܵĻܶ˶Ĭˡ
֮ǰʵܶ˶Ⱥ嶼ô˽⣬Щ˾ǲܶ˱Ҳǲ
е˾вܶҲ͸һǾв
Ҳֱʱ򣬺ܶ˲ʶЩ˸ǲûκε֮෴ǱЩҪҸĶ࣬Ͼûгô˵ۺ⡣
ɽץסᣬûĵӰ꡷ھʮʽӳ
꡷ڿʵӰֱĹ˵İɽһܹ֮ڹʵӰ϶߽ƾľⲿӰ
ֵķзʱ¼ĵλ˹ʱȴһĽš
ѧ㣬ûµģ̻ܴҲɡľ޴˴Լ֣ÿЦĿǻԼĽš
ʵӰڽ֮ƽľ޸һؼңΪԼѾˣҲôľ޻ؼҼԼļˡ
ǵҲȷʵڡƽ򴽽ǣȷʵ̫ܣڵǣǽܲ˳Ų⡣
֮ǰ˵ˣ̤ˣҲ֪û
ƽƿţ衣һţƽ㿴ɳϵơ
̧ͷһۣɫ΢ҲûҪ˳ȥ˼ˣ
ǡƽڣ϶ˡ
ûˣƻЩġ
ûˡƽЦЦˡ
ƿľһۣüģΪŮģľ֮
ŭὫж񶾵ĻﶼڶԷϣɿӽ뷿֮ͽ˻ƽЩҲЩŭ
ٲҲڶְɣѾͷбҪôԼ
̣ҸѧమģҷģһһӶõģҾ͡
ľ޻û˵ͱƽס죬˳㻹յһʮǵģôͷİ
ľգգ۾Щᣬĸǰģѧߡ
Ǹ꡷ͬԵӰüǾ˵ľٶ
ǡƽЩ⣬ȴѸٻһ䣬һֱ֪ȥЧĹͨʵҪԭǣЩһ޷ǸȣǺ˵ġ
ԸȥⲿӰܶ飬ҲͲٷȥˣǰģŶԷܻԼģֻʱ⡣
Ҫȥ𣿡
üƺԵúǾ֮ŵ˵ͷȥҲá
Ʊƽͳֻ׼Ʊˣ촽˶ջû˵ĻȥˣܹŮܹ˵Լˡ


108 
ʮһ, ƽľޱ׼һȥӰģֻƸܾˡ
ƶԣľ޺ƽ, 黹൱ӵ, ƽľ޽͵ӰԺ֮, ҲûиһȥƱ
ѧ㣬˵̿Ӱ֮, ܲܽϱľЩǣƶ̬˵̫ڶ, ҲԲѺþˡ
ȻԷҪƽĵͬԵӰǾ˵Է϶Ҫ˽ǵ뷨ġ
Ҳ֪ƽ̾˿, ʵҲƵʵ뷨, ãҪƾһӰƽľ, Щѡ
Ҳܹ̽, ֻҪƲǣѾˣģֻܽʱˡ
ֻǡƽľһۣ֮Ļ񣬿ļǲᵽ, , ίˡ
ѧ˵ʲôɵ, ίˡľޱƽ, ĶͷҿȫҸ˰
ƽû˵, ľ޵ͷҸ˰
ѧ㣬ǻȥӰ𣿡ľ޿˿ƱڣΪ˵ľٶΧҲвڿǡ
֪ЩǲǶ꡷ģľЩ˵вûп
ѧ㣬ǻȥɣȥһóԵģȰ̻ˣ϶Ὺĵġ
Ҳƽػľ޾Ѿ֮Ҫȫźˡ
ȥӰڵĺѾ˵ӰԺ˼ҲӰƬС
ãȥˡƽľ޵Դ
һչְɡľ޶־ԼҪζץסĸθץסθһͿԷ²Էˡ
þ֮˱뿪˵ӰԺȥһϹ߲ˡ
ƽľ׼һѾһĿŵӰˡ
裬ˡ죬ƽӳ̽Դ˸кȥϴ֣Ͼͺˡ
Ǳ߿һۣƵܸӣ촽˶ƺ˵ЩʲôǷˣϴֱڷ
ææµµĴӳ˳ٶҲû˵Ҫȥæֱ£Ƶ߲Ŵľ޺ƽ˻
裬㳢ľΪġһ£ƽһŹǷƵ
ľȻû˵һֱϣһŵĿơ
һۣƼƽԼŹǳζ
һζľɿԼյ˫֣ƽҲ˿ղŻĺƻԶϳԡ
ҲԡкһûӰ飬ƽľҲĬûȥʣ˻ǳһٱȽܰ緹
궫֮ľ޺ƽȻҲԾʰѧ㣬Ҹо̵̬Ⱥͻ˲ٰ
ľ޿ƽСĵҸо̿ҵЩ̫һء
ľЩ˷ܣȻƻǲôûٸɫľ޶ԣ֮ǰȣǺܴĽˡ
šƽ˵ͷƵ̬ת仹ǷǳԵġ
С˼֮û˵ˣֽĿʼʰʰóʱƻڿɳţǸƣӦڵǳ
衣˶һۣƽľ˹ȥ
ƿһʮָ۵ֻ֣Ҳû˵ʲô̧ͷ߷ľϣôҲ˵
ľ˿ڿˮ̲סҪڵʱȴתƽϣ۾һһٵĵǲв
⻰һڣֹƽľ޵ɫ൱ѿû뵽ƻ˵Ļ
ΪƿӰ֮󣬸ıԼ֮ǰĿڣȴƽвľ޿ƽһۣҧҧ̡
ǲǲˣҪɱĲüģԵúƣ˵ʵ
ƽͫһ嶼ʶıֱˣΪʲôͻȻ⣬һֱԼصĺܺãûб¶ʲô
ô֪ģô֪ģƽɫЩѿ
ѧ㣡ľ˫ۣһ𾪵ĿƽƽˣΪʲôûиԼ˵顣
ƽľ޵ֱԥһ£ǵ˵ͷǣǲˣһֱڽƣѾȬˡ
ƽ֪ԼǲȬˣڵȷʵѾҪҩˣΪľޡ
㡭
裬ҹȥôǶǰˣڵúõĴܹңң𣿡
ƽЦЦ裬ںܺãҪģҡƽսľ޵֣õҩ
̾˿ľ޵ҲЩƽ֢һֱ֪
첻ȥǳӰҲܷ֣ôҪΪʲôû˵
 ҡ
ˣ˵һжȥˡƴƽĻͷҪ˵ʵ̫ʧְˡ
ֻҪϸһֵܹģЩɵ㶼ˣƿľޣûǣƽղ˵ˣľҩ
Ƶ鼸任ص̾˿ǵĻڶʲôʱˡ
ƽһЩûӦ
㲻ǶѾҸʵʱѻ˰ɡΪ¶˾ģͻȻ˲١
ǰֺαؾԼŮİŮأеأⱲӵĻһЦֺαرԼĺӸԼһء
ûѡأƽһѡȨذĲǷԣֲ֧Ŷ԰
裬ллƽЩᣬ˹ȥסƣ裬ллԸ֧ңԸңģлл
ӵһĸŮľҲۿ̫ˣģ̫ˡ


109 
Դӽ⿪Ľ֮, ڶԴľ޵ʱǾǵɶϱԴģ˽֢֢״֮, ľĺܸм
Щ, ֻ֪ԼҸ, ֻ֪ԼΪƽȴǺƽ飬ԼԼ˵һЩƽɵ˺
һ, Ҳǿˣƽʲôʱ֮, Ҳȥľ޵ļˡ
˫ĸڶ˾ʮ, ֮, ľ޺ƽͿʼ֪ͨһЩˡ
ڽ飬ǲûж, һεĻ, ҲֻһЩ׽ѣûдĵ˼
ʮĺϣľƽĻ뵽ԼҪˣľ޻Щ̫ʵ
ѧ㡣
šƽӦһ
Ҫˡľ
šƽз͵Ц⣬Ҫˡ
ҵڶоԼΡľƽĻꡣ
Ρƽľ޵Ķͷ, Ҫ޸ˡ
ļ̌ͷ, ޸ҲŶԡ
ƽͷ, Ȼѹ, ˵ʲôʲô
ѧ㣬Ұ㡣ľƽ, ҵˡ
šƽЦЦ˶Էĺ촽
ʮţһ羰СϣھһɴŮվţⳡ˲Ǳˣɽ
ɽ֮ɽͽ˵˹˵ľ޺ƽܹ֮һҲĹߵġ
˵ĻҲӦ֣ɽҪʹ˵飬ҲûʲôģɽΪ˵飬Ҳͱ
λѣŽҲһΪڽ죬ǽ֤λˣЯ߽ĵá
ĸλҸļ֤ˣܹߵһ˵ʵĺѡ
Щˣ̫̫ˣǵమʵܶ˿ãܵѹҲ󲻵ġ
ڣǽеѹǣű˴˵֣ҸĻãҺܼǵģĺܼ
Ϊ˰ļ֤ˣ֪жôļѣ֪жôĲף֪
ĺöడǰ˵ЩһͦͬģľӰʦĲף˵ɶôһ֣ûľӰʦͲһĸо
ɽдʣʵ̲סԼҪ²۵ˡ
ҲǿİЦŵ֪ľӰʦ˾ˣڿ޳ˣȻҲǸпడ
ǰľӰʦȷʵͦ׵ģˡץĸ첲˻Σû취
ƽԸȢŮ𣿰ҳƶ߲мֱ
Ը⡣ƽľޣᣬԸҵȥɰĳŵ
ľޣԸȢŮ𣿰ҳƶ߲мֱ
Ը⡣ľۿ΢죬ѧ㣬лл㻹ԸһĻᣬڽʱһӰϧ㣬лл㣬Ը⽫ҡ
ǹƽЩЦ̨ǵˣ۾
һʼʱֻʵĿCPڣԼĵCP޳ˣضЩˡ
ῴߵһۣԥһ£Դĵ£λ˶ûпޣɶ
Ҹжذһۡ
޳ˡպ˲۽ǣƽЩжôĲףǿġ
ڿƽҵԼҸպҲЩ΢Ǹÿĵӣȴеܡ
ҲԷˡ׽ֽ˹ȥ´ôɡ
պӹֽҲѹˣһ±ơ
üպЩ
պ˲۽ǣսеֽһѾڿףԴһʺţ죬˵ֲ֪˵ʲô죬ȥƽ˵仰
šӦһһССĻȡ
պ쳯ǰ˼֮ź֪ķӦΪʲôҪױպŲ˶١
պ㣬ʲôպƽ˻ļ
ûʲôպʶǱ߿һۣϲǣ޳ˣԺҪúõİ
ǿ϶ġľЦŵѧҵı
պЩʧЦҲǾúοҲкæǵġ
áƽ˱պ죬պ㣬лл㡣
պƽļ򣬡ҪԴװ˵껹ľü
ľЦЦתͷƽһڣԴס
պЩЦҡҡͷ˵Ҳûٲˡ
ѧ㣬պʲôʱܹѵպıӰľ޿ʵ
ƽͷ㻹պ׽֮еʲô
԰ľһ˷ܣҵĸоģ֮϶еʲôպӦûɶϣˣ֪׽Ǳ߻᲻֡
ƽЩΣҲְ
ôᡣľ죬𣿡
ǰƽ˴ľ޵Ҳպ뿪ķ˹ȥ˴յһʱƽҲü
϶ġľҲˣѧ㣬˵
Сƽľ޵ԼϣУǵĻ񰡡
ѧ㡣ľޱסƽĲӡ
ţƽüʲôú˵
ľ˺죬Ա߿˿СĵϹ
ҡƽЩɳƣҡ
Ϲľ޿ƽ۾ٴκһ
ƽ𴽽ǣԵر㣬СţŹ㣬ɲˡ
ľ޵Ķ䶼ˣֱӽƽĻӬһƮƽĶС
ƽЦ⣬˻ˣллϲԣûд˴ˡ


110 
, ˡƽſľ޵Ķߺһ䡣
ľ۾ƽһۣٴα˫ۣ΢ƵĵҪ, Һ, ˯
, Ե㶫˯ƽľ޵緹Ѿˣ㲻𣿡
, ۡľ޲˲ƽ֣ѧ, ȥ԰ɣù, ˯һ
ľЩԵɵɵ, ĺۣҲر, ƽû, ʱоԼҪˡ
ҰͶ˽΢һ˯òãƽľ޵ĴҲ֪Լľڵеˣ˭ľ̫ء
ľۿƽŶԷȵ, 뵽Լ۵Ķ𴲵״̬, ǿ, Ҷ˵˲Ҫˡ
Բ, Ҵˡƽľ޴ӱ˳, Ե㶫һ˯
ľ죬ƽĻûˣЩƲƲ죬˵ˣû˵´βء
ǿɲаƽЦᣬҵĶûôð
ľ˺죬ٴνԼԼ
ʲô᲻ǻҪ˯ƽһνľ޴ӱ˳Ҵȥϴ
ԼԡƽĻľ޾վվһٴ
ƽü§ľ޵ҪǿҪǲСĿˣˣһ۵ġ
㺦ġľްƽһۣǰЩ׳־Ͳ֪ĸצ۹ȥˡ
ڻûиƽһʱľԼǸڣһηѸ質ˡ
ľԽԽЩŭĵһҪ档
ðƽӦرʹ죬˵֮㽫ľԴ֪Լ֮ƽһֱûз塣
ڵҪľޱɵ飬Ȼ⵹Ҳ˵һľ޴
֮ÿһζռϷ磬ΪÿһܹܹռȻһ㹥ľ޵ı㡣
ʵµҲرִţֻÿοľĵҪΪǸ
ȴԼѹµʱܻģĹֿɰġ
˵İ׼ڡľ޺ƽ˭ƭ˭С
ãƭ㡣ƽĿİɣ´Ҿ͸ƽˡ
⻰һľɫ죬ҲͦƵģǰԼƤͦġ
ǻᱻƽ˵ɫߺ죬߲ѣܾȫߵѽ
ľ޵뷨ƽӦǸС˵ǸǸԼ
ϴʱľԼǿӲ̬ȾܾƽûϴҪ˰æ
ϱ˴ϴ飬ѾľԶˡ
Ȼľ޲ðæƽҲûҪҲû뿪վԭؿľޣеˤ
ϴ֮ƽľ޵Ե㣬ˡ
ľްƽһۣǰļ嵰ж˿һһĳԽƽ°ͿľޣЦŵó𣿡
óԡļ̌ͷڱȽڴҪԵζ
ƽüͣһ˲Цȷԣ
ľ죬˭أҵȻԣ㡣
Ҷ԰ƽ˿ţ̣˵ˣһԹɺõġ
źߣľЩ⣬һ֪ҵ
ǣƽֲľǵļĴָϵļԣһˡ
ľ޵ͷЩ죬ˣǱߣ
õģһȥˡƽڣǻ֮Ʊȥģľ޵ĸĸ˵ҪȥɢɢģԼȥˡ
һ㣬ƽǱȽϿĵģһеľϡ
ƽҲϣԳȥһ£ϣܹף
ѧ㣬ҪҪҲȥߡľ޷±ӣڿٵġ
٣֣ľ޶ҪЦˣˣϲˣŶ°ͿԼƽľ޵ҲЦ⡣
ðҴպ˵һ¡ƽҲû׼ô칤֮ǰļƻһȥߵġ
ȻǱ߲ҪˣÿԸľܶˡ
ƽȳ극պ绰أ߻ûдأպĵ绰ȴ˹
պ㡣
ûдǵĶɡպЦ˶С
ƽӣûУպ㣬Ҹľһ£Ϣһʱ䡣
ԡպӦرɴ࣬ǲŸս飬Ǹܶˡ
ллպ㡣ƽľޱ˸OKơ
ľۿЦ⣬ãð
׽Ǳߡպ˵ʱͣһ£Ǵ绰˵һ°ɡ
ƽüԵЩ⣬պ׵ĹϵͦõģϾľ޵ϵΪľˣܹҪͨ޵ġ
飬պ˵ˣǱ߶ȥ˵ˣպȴٸϵЩ̫˰
պ㣬׽ìˣ
ìˣľ޷±ӣ첽˹յֻԣһֱպ֮ӦЩʲôġ
ڿԵʱôܻŹء
ƽЩЦľԼֻ
ûаպƺǱҭһ£ʲôìܣҾǾľӰ׽ˣʲô⻹ҪԸ˵һµġ
ǰպתİѧʲôҲ׽תպİľ޿ڵ
⻰һڣ绰Ǳ߰춼û
պ㣿
û£һתģûʲôҾȹˡպЩ١
ûʲô˵𣿡ƽʱڣֹպҶϵ绰
պƺЩᣬŵʵģܾã׽ʱЩ֡
֣˶һۣôַ
ǡպ̾˿ʱǻԼҳԷңұ֮Ǻʱ䣬ǡ
պüҲ֪ΪʲôǾЩ̫Ծӡ
ľ˲ֱӣҲģһĿƽƺ˵ɣҾ˵֮⡣
ƽľ޵û׽㹵ͨһ£
ͨպüôͨܲȥʣǲЩԾǲǶʲô뷨
ȥ̽һ£ƽ̽ԵĿڡ
ðպ̴Ӧڵƽ˵ƽ绰Ŀľƽ׹ͨһ¡
ô˵Ҳ׽ô˵أЩ˵ĸо
ʵɣЩҲûԼ⣬׺㣬׵ʱʵЩԱġ
㣬׽֮䡭ʣµĻƽû˵꣬ƽ֪պ˼ôĴˣĬеġ
ҡպԥһ£еϲҾҲôһ뷨ǰɣҺԼ⣬Ҳ֮Ĺϵߵͷ
İɣæһġպĻľЩͬܣϲƽʱ顣
ллǸ
ģƽڡ
ǾͽˡպҲ˿Ѿ˺üˡ


111 
ǲȥúõǵĶ, Ҹʲô
ǰŹ飬պѾ˵ˣԼ, ׻Щġ
, ҾǾҸѧѾ޳, ⲻǿ׽㻹ǵ㣬ûʲôѵ뷨
ľ޲ûһʼͽպ׳ȥ, ϾҲ׵뷨, ֻòѯһ£پҪҪ˵
Ҫ׵Щ졣
ǰľЦŵ˵ͷ, ǻϵʱ, иѶе뷨ҹһ¡
׶豭һ, ƺ˼, ľ޿еѣûʲô뷨ҲûʲôȤ
Ȼ֪λ˭鷳λѣʱû뷨
ľ޵üЩ, Ȼ׽ǵ, Ҳǵ, ҲǽӴһ, 뷨ء
Ҳôáľ޿ƽһ, ׽ӡͦõġ
˲λѣЩͷۣʵЩ飬ûд˵ڡ
ǿƣҪǲӦҪһֱĥȥüģԥһ¿ڵѾϲˡ
˭ʶ𣿡ľ޴λվһ˷ܵĿףʲôҪ𣿡
գգۣЩллĺ⣬ûʲôҪġ
ľ޶׶ԣһֱЩͷ۵ĴڣҲԸ˵Լϲ˵ԭ
ƽľλã״һ䣬֪׽ϲʶ𣿡
׿һۣûҪʱ˵Լϲպ죬û취֤ľ߲ʲô۶ӡ
ԣԼûн׷֮ǰ黹Լ֪ͺˡ
Ȼ׽㲻˵ǾͲˡƽľ޵ֱЩпĵպǱߣһҪһġ
⼸꣬պΪҵҲǺģҲûʲôʱ俼Լ飬ܹڳʱˡ
εĻϣҲʹպ顣ƽЦЦʱ׽Ҳ۰
Щƽֱ˵ڣȶԷԼ˵ڻǿԵģ׶պûʲô뷨ҲͲ˵ʲôˣУ϶ûа취͵ġ
ԭ˵ľʱѾһݵĿƽ֪ѧ
űӵֶһ£ƽ΢΢üҲҪ
ƽЦˣҲҪֻǴҸպöҲͰæǣ߶ѣܲܳɣǵġ
üüһеû¸𣿷ҪʲôߣôеĻȥ
üģ˿ǲǲµʲôˣ
ʲôƽ졣
׿ŶԷЩۣݵĸƵģ̾˿ϲպ죬׷Ǳ
ƽӺһڣ׽㣬ıЩ
ü˶Լϲպûб˿飬ײ⡣
˵ҪǣߵʱѾµһЩˡ
ǰľ޵˵ͷ׽㣬ϲҪһ㣬ÿԼųԸ͸СʲôҲ˵˭֪ﰡ
˵ģȻ;պ⼸Щ֣ԭѾµ˰ǡšüԼǱܾ
׽ᡣ׵ı飬ƽ֪ˣЩ˵
ˡ˿ֻҪպ첻ͺˣ׷˵飬ʵһ㾭鶼ûУЩ꣬еľҵϡ
ȻҲ׷ԼѡӣһǶЩûʲôȤһûоȥӪ顣
ΪԼһֱȥȴû뵽ڸպദĹУҪ̸뷨
ǲμľ޺ƽĻ֮ͷ͸ǿˣԼҲСˣҲȷʵǸÿǿˡ
׽㣬һųϲءľЦĺܿġ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲô˼ԼǲӦֱһ㣬ֱȥס
׽㣬Լպ㡣ƽһʱ䣬㿴ǵȵȣǡ
͵վһǼ⼸첻Ҳʲôýŵġ
ƽüкЦٴοһʱ䣬ŶҪЦ۵ľޣ֡
һңǵȵ˾ͳˣպ㣬ߡպ죬ƽ˻֡
պҲ˻֣߽ʱŷһߵףպЦһ£׽㡣
šӦһץűӵֽ˽Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪЩš
պ߰ɡƽԱԼλ˳պ˿ƽҲЩЦ
ǺҲжʱûһôɵľ۹ˡ
ǰպ쿴һۣ֮ǰææµµģͻȻЩ̫ϰߡ
ľתתѧ㣬ǳʱ򣬳ǻҪٲȥûúˡ
ľ⻰һպ۾ɴˣҽҲҸİһرٵĽǲЩ̫ˡ
Ҳǰ㲻˵Ҷˡƽӣ׽㣬պ㣬Ҫȥˡ
һ¡պ춼ҪˣԼŸʲôأһҪԼˡ
պץסԼ½ǣƽһ£Сĵպ㣬һ㣬㶼ǰɣβһء
պɴ۾ˣë߰Ҫǲңαظƽ˵鰡
ûµġƽպļ򣬡㣬͡
ǡǣ뿪ıӰպͶ˶Ҫ˵Ļ˻ȥ
֮ǰûԼһĻڻϿʲô𰡡


112 
һҲǵ, ֪ҪŻŻ̫ðʧˡʧܣպ, Щεתƻ⡣
ƽ˵ʲôӦôһ, ֱӱպ, ҪӣͲƽȥòˡ
Ϊûӣ, Ӧ˵ûţĶ뷨
Щ̫ðʧˡ׸պ˱ȵ, ǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬֮ǰġ
һƽ˵Ҳ, ҵıЩ, ûȷ֪ҵ뷨ô, ҲͲСŮһˡ
ûи龭, ֪ôģҵΪ㲻ˣҸǸЩҲȷʵҿǵĲܡ
ڸľ޺ƽĹ֮ʵзʡģıҪѭ򽥽, Ҫһһ, ûûǵպߡ
պգգ۾, ƺǱһĻ, û뵽׻ôֱӣȷʵе㱻ŵˡ
Ȼ֮ǰһЩٶЩûʧ, Էֱ򹥻Ҳ
ϲ㣬ġպɵ㶵ı飬Ц룬Ųպ
ҾǶˣЩҲÿǿˣŮ뷨Ļϣȿǿҡ
ʵҲһȽϸɴˣ֮ǰûôֱӣһǺŵպ죬һˮܵġ
Ϊ֪պŮû뷨öԷϰԼĴڣһһպԼĴڡ
ȻѾպ첻ˣȻûбҪˡ
㡭պսȭͷɫ任һ󣬿ףһȥ˵ı飬ȷʵǶкøУ㲻ĻǿһԵģ֮òУǡ
ȵȡ״պ죬⻰˵˵Ŷ԰
ЩκۣڸպദЩʱգҲˣպеʱЩԱġ
պ졣һĿϲ㣬׷㣬ԽܣҲԾܾҡ
ѡȨеģУҪ˵ʲôҲĻˣġ
˵ʱ׵ԽˣᣬֱʣΪǿģ޷԰Խ
׵ָպӣܺãκ˶á
׽㡣պգգ۾Щᣬ׽ĶԼ¶øеʱպʵЩŵġ
ԼԵõ׵ʵһʼԼ뷨ʱ
պйֻţҫ۵ĴڣԼģܹĿŶԷ
ܹżԷԸ죬Ѿˣԣһʼʱûܹõ׵
ҲԼϲܹõӦԣһжѹĵףԼֻҪܹԷѾѾ㹻ˡ
һĸԼֱԼˣֻѣϲֻ֮ϲ
ֱֱ׿ʼԼԷԽӹĵʱպҲһһıЩڴ
ңţȥ֤Լ⣬ֱʱ˿̣׶Ǹ˵ϲԼ
պ˲һֱĵ׵ڴ˿̱˳
ɵϡϧĲպϵˮ֪⣬Ҿ͸ֵģ˵ǻһһء
һĺڣС쵰ûҵͷҪһˣָܹ̼һһء
ͣպ챻׵ĻЦˣҲ֪ױľڵûٵͷ
պ߷׵ͷϣ׵ĳƯָк
׵׵˶ͷպҲ֪ڿ׵ͷǺŨܵġ
պ춢ԼͷüҺһˣȻĻŮѾҪΪͺˡ
պ˺죬ΪͺҲġ
׿պ죬ĶͷǿɲУͺͷ̫ѿˣһ㶼㣬ΪôƯŮѣ˵ʲôͺͷ
պֱס׵Ĳӣĺܹܽ˴˵۽ëˣףϲ㣬֪ڵԼá
һŬԼø㣬һŬԼܹˡĻպ첢û˵ڣ֪ⲢҪġ
װģһؼҼҸĸɡ״΢ѾȲҪؼˡ
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