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ޱ櫾úȤֻѪƺԼҲõСտ
ǣɰ
ƫִX˫Сͽ(Դպ)
O˫Ѫ趨ѪִкС
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OдһЩɰŮ֮,ghg
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OHE,ŬһС
ݱǩ ж Ѫ  У԰ 
ؼʣǣޱ櫣  ǣݡϣ˹ٰ  
һ仰飺ֻѪ̸
⣺Ŭѧϰң


1 Ш
˼ĳǽںҹĳ£ӰצͶϣԵЩˡ
ƷԼٵĺ쳹ڶߡ
ƴǰš
ƬǰԼжɭִ˿ȴûоͷƵġ
Ѫڽ׷ᣬŮϵ·Ѿڱܹбβò
¹£ȻܹǱŮƺ߬һ֧õ塣
һ·Сţ滹մȾԼѪ
࣬׷ˡ
ѪȤöԼرܣڰһ˫Ѫɫ۾аĹ⣬ƺȥѸٽβԣһ㣬ʱʱһι˷ܵؿŮϲϳһһ˿ڡ
ʵѪҺ˿˳һմȾѪζĿһḬ̃ͳԡ
ײˣȻôһ
صغţΪ͸֧ƺоǻӿζҲƺҪը˫ȹǦһ
ܲˡ

൱ǿ׳ˣѪǰֻΪʳ³
ͣ˽Ų˽õ֣ƾȫϳ룬ر˫ۡ
ô뿪ĵҲáֻͷǰԺﻹ̲סһ˫۾ֲֽ˽ļӿһ˵
źʣɬ
ֻЩԵѾȥϸ̽
˿ԼƺһĨ־ڱصõаЦ¹ɭİ׹⡣
Ӷգۼǰ
צ״Ůţͽԭǿࡣ
жɣСŮѪҺȷʵѵһƷķϣҸһʹ졣
Ҫ֪֮ǰûһڼʹ֮ȥģֻҪһȥѾĪ͡
Ůֹܿͣ˺ϵıȴ쳣ƽЩŤѿ
˳Լ֣ͷһԼմȾŵȵѪҺЦȥʼԼ͡
ֻǻһ
һ룬ǵصΣպëȻĸо˲Ϯ
˵ͫȻ𾯾͵תͷ
ڰУƺʲôΪֲĶˣ
ǿֲǿϢֹ˼̼˵ϣ嶼ֹסĲ
ĴˣҲ֪ϵҪƴΪԼϵԷԭ¡
ֻɱ࣬ûѪҺڡá
ѪԸԵʳ﷽ޣǼԼʳմȾ˱ѪϢɲסزţֻʱȴԼûҧŮѪܡ
һлصء
ϧһжֻΪ
᲻صĽŲڼžҹԵø˲̧ͷðλˣŽŲԽԽǹɿµϢҲŸŨˡ
ظ֪ԷϵϢҲѪ塣
ȻԷԼȻͬǿֲֻܱѪӵУδǿѪ壬ֻҪԷ룬ɱһֻס
˲ڵϣͷѹŲ̧һ¡
ֻǵǽŲߵʱ⻹ǿһ˫µǳƤЬԼ߹Ьϵ׺飬š
ԷȻһŮˡ
㣬˵ͫһ˲СЩͬʱŵʶŷһ㡣
ǸŮˣܽһ뿪롣

Ů˸ʼնûнĿڵϲֹϣҲ֪ûн˵Ļڶ
ֻƵģ˵İԼϰߵĲǰߡ
ش߹
߹ȥ֮ڴͬʱȻһ޴Ѫ
ֻŻֺѪʧϡ
Ů²Ⱦȴ΢΢ü
ѪɢܱߵĿֻѪζռݡ

ŮѪɫͫʢ䵭ŵͣûкŮǰĿСŮ롣
ֻѪ֣һ֧ʢĸպõõ塣
Ůԭվã̾˿վӽ˰뱧Լ
ȴŨܵĺɫ̷ŮϸĲȻȻչ¶Լǰ
¹£ŮĴȻ֡
žĴֻ֣зӰ

ŮڴŮϸĲ̧ͷȥ߲Ѫ˫¹ӨĹ
ͨ˻ѪôȤ
СŮѪƺ𣬴ߵ㹳Ƶǣע
ʵϣŮ͸ĸоһ
ȷʵ𡭡
ʹڽŲǼʱջԼ
ѹסѪĿŮ̲סԭس롣
û뵽ԼһҲΪѪʧأǾЩЦЦһ
׻󣬽ԼѪιĴߣŮŮе֧õ塣
ϢˣС
ΪĴۡ


2 
ֻѪÿ峿Ĵ̨һ֧õ壬ǻҹɫȻš

峿ůãһɫĹâϹžɳǱǽϵҶҲʵϸڻ԰ȪУˮߣˮϲԡ
ޱһ֧ʺõմȾų¶飬Ȼ
ϸָ֧õ壬̲סһ¡
ĺ촽õߣԶԶȥͺ񡭡֧õ塣
̫Ѿˣڰ˽ûȻ뿪̲סһ
Ŀ׷ѰССĴŮõĶ̲סһ˲䡣
΢ܵʲôŶɢߡ
пŵĿʧˡ
õζָ⣬ãޱ̲סЦһҲˣһ˵¡

ߵŮֻǴһ򵥵İɫ˿˯£ɶͷɢڼͷûݣûоĴɷɫĳϣƤɾƯûһȸߡ
Ůһ֧õ壬Ǳõ廹Ҫεĺ촽ʱһȡ
ûҪƻôһõĻ棬µҲһȻҪʱ̽ԼΪһӶ˵ְ
µɫ΢СǰȥѵС㣬ҪպϣСԼᡣ
ǰ컹Ҫݼ档ޱõ
µһ˫֣ܿΪͷ˴һ·Ľ顣
ͷβòһĵޱؿžԼװ磬תǣ֣΢Цллµ٣û治֪ô졣
ޱ櫵Ŀޣµһſɰƻ̲סƬ졣
һֱĿޱ뿪̲֮סתסԼ̵ͬʱвסļš
ޱСŮˣǶһӶˣҲûаӺ͸߸ϡ
Դű֮ͷ·һ
µ˹ع֮ǰҲڱĹﵱŮ͡Ϊˣû˭ЩжźһѽΪûн·ǰٺãŭ˼ҵķ˶
ڸֵ͵ȹ񵱳˵ĵ۹Ǽձ¡
֮£̷˼ң˼ˡ

ݻнִͣƼԪصľ޴լޱ櫵ĹűſֻĽ
Ƕݡϣסĸϣｫ͸ĳ֮һ
Ϊ˹ؼĴС㣬ޱ櫳Ҳһķӣڳ֮ȴִѡסڳƫƧһžɳǱ
ɳϣһˢţǵСϣ͵۹һҲϲ۹ǲַʲôץİš
ڹڳϸޱ櫱ˣǿϵЦݣݺݳһơݲޱؽֻԼĽǿ
СܵĴСһܱԼĽò漰ޱ櫵⡣
Ӧøһ澵ӹȥÿһԼĿЩ̱ط̵
ĳˣϸûޱ櫡
Ҽǵܻ°ܿոһСǵĶӣôһ԰ˣȻװޱ櫣Ӧð**ˡ
ɯƽ񲻸ɾˣȳˮҪŻ
ɯ˵̫ˡ
ǵĴɯ!
ǶĻЦˡ
ɯǽΨһһѾ˵ĹڹȦҲˡ
ɷӢš
˵ɯΪһ̳ˣյ۹Լ̳һŲŲ֧ݡӻ޶һӡ
ΪΨһŮˣϾĵʱһȺͬӹüֱҪ̫á
Ӱ죬֪ԼҲѲ˵ŮǣԸϣ˺ԼɷҲܹӢš
ԶԶӾ޴Ĳش￴ƯŮǾһЦ֣һ
Ȼǰܲǵ̸ݵĻ
ޱ櫱ˣ
ݡϣ￴ޱ櫽۾ʱһϽɳӭӣ߹ȥǵסֱۡ



3 
ޱ¡
ޱҸ㵹衣
ޱ櫺ܽŰС㲻ã˲ŲòȥĹű
Ƕ̫ˡޱ΢ЦţüۼȴȾЩΡ
˳£һȦϤӡ
ŮǶƯȹӣϾµױݣƵķͺһ֮ǰĴ
Ҳǡ
ԸлĶȹɫĴʴ䴽˧
ŮʻӵһĿģޱ
ǽ춼ƯȻؿ޵
õ˿佱϶΢Цʹ֪ޱ櫲ÿǸˣŮǷøӿġ
ݶһľŮİȹŮ̫ˣñȼԼѻҪʽ
ȻϾΪ˼ޱ櫡ؽһ鷢ŵر𵽶󣬴󷽷ϣתյһԺЦޱߡ
ޱ㲻֪һж㣿
ǰ治֪㸸˹ôģΪʲôҪ͵һУȥ
ֻһȺֻ֪ɱɱҰˡ

һ֮ǰޱʽУæڿѧ£ϵ˺ܶࡣȻǰҲƵȥޱ櫣ǲͼȫָ
ޱȴһУΪǶܵġ
ѧУҲŮӵģϹεʱڿϼܶࡣޱ櫽͵
ĻȴŮϵЦݶݵؽסˡ
ԡѧУֽ𣿡̲סһԼĴ
ɯĸһôʺͼЩˡޱҪѡ
УŮӦúǶ̫һɣ˹С㲻źۼתƻ⣬˳㰵̽
ҲȴĴ𰸣Żˡ
ޱ櫳ĬƬ̣΢΢ͷǵģѧУŮǸϲսԸ̫ˣǶ̫ϲ˵
ÿһǿʲô鷳һ֮
տɫ۾ƺһ˲䣬̵Ľë΢ɾƯĵĲƺЩѹ

ǵıѧУﱻ۸ˣ
ŮǼըˡ
˲佫иղŵζĨȥ˶ô㣿һȺûòҰѾͷҶ˭۸㣿ȥŽɱȥھ͸Ҹ״绰ɼ
ұҲУͶú׳ģҿ԰ѧУչһޱ櫡һ
ɯɫЩ䣺ȥһڴϻѧУѵҪȥѯһѧУĹˡ

ûܰæŮͷ϶Щ
ˣҲݴһȻ֪ԼսΪ0Ϊޱ櫳䳡Ǿܱ¡
ϾȻޱ櫡
ȻϣޱٳֱŮעˣҲޱ櫾۸
һɨղŵգһʱ֮ŮǵɫЩء
ûôޱЩЦá
ѧУû۸ңֻҴһǸ鷳ĴС㣬ǲŻҡ
ҵרҵǸǾУ¿רҵֻ¼ȡλѧһҡЩսϵϵŮÿҲԼѵͿγ̣һңĲһҲġ
ŲأޱһҪ׽!
ллݣɯǴĲô࣬ѾμѧᣬܾͿȥˡ˳ѧᣬѧУ԰ĻʶԸѵͬѧˡ
ޱ¶һ΢СЦݣּᶨ
˲ػȥĻ
ݵлЩģӢü΢΢ţĲҪǵİæ𣿡
ޱգգ۾ѵҿԴԼ𣿡
Ȼޱһдãֻǻڸԣûа취ȥȥ˼ᡣ
̾һؿ㣬ôӦһ¡ѧУʲôֵ£һҪʱϵң𣿡
ڸʲôҪһ˶ޱ櫵𣿻أ
ŮЩˣؿݡ
ͬشش𣺡ޱԸֻңҵȻ⡣
ɣҾ֪ôģһ˶ռޱ櫡

֮䣬Ůַ
װģղ˵һһרҵŮ𣿡
΢һЩɯǶһ䡣
ǵģֻѾѧһˣûޱ櫻ش
һЩУıѵΣޱԼĹרſγ̵Сֻӣŵ֤ǸŮǻֵһҡ
ڣѾһˡ
ãרҵֻһȷʵЩ񻰡
ɯֻЩʵ벻˹عޱͽУͼ
ޱ˶츳͡
ֻҪһź£۹ӶһģȦ׷ޱ櫵ĹӸǶൽʤ
˹ؼȫûжһٵıҪ
ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ޱ櫵üۣҲ֪ôģƺȥְ
üǲͬǹС㣬˹ؼˣҲڶ䵽Ҫüǧȥȥ
Ƕ֪˹ؼȻϻŹƺţʵѾյĻԻ͡
ӵҵľɹ϶ڸܡ
ȦѾǲͬգվĲƷܹѿعҷ̳ԱݵĸϣｫʵȨ¹ͽĶ
ɵЩ̵Ĺ壬ˣҲ󡣶ǲάּԭݳܹ黹ЩҵǹòģԹǾüŮȥһЩϹݵĹ
Ȧû˵˭ҵǧҪȥ
ݵҵǾֻҪޱ櫲ںҲûʲôõģ˹عûȥ֮£ҵĻҷԸȥУ
˹Сͬص˵ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ǰҲôģȥУѧϰ˵һľҾҲͦõġ
ޱ櫽˵ԴӴѧҵ֮һֱҲûʲôȥУѧҲͦõģӦܰĵ
ֻҪȥͺá
ɯŷŵغһеĻֵֻҪⲻһȺ̫̫СǵİˣһĶޱ櫵Ǻܺأޱ櫴ѧʱĩԿڼָơ
Щޱʲôʹ󵨵ȥؿ˵Ŀ⡣ݲмط˸ۣǾеġ
ң˭˵ŮһҪ˵Ĳȥģ۹832ˣһҸһ˼⽨˴ڡǲʵʵ˵ġ
㻹ûзҳߵͷ𣿡˹ЦʵŮҲͶȥȤĿ⡣
ݵЩǺ졣
ϸҳ߲һСʱͱ׵ץˣýĵǱӡ
Ƕ!
ޱ櫣۸ҡ߷ߵޱѰο
ޱסһֻ󹷹һݵرסݣļ
ˣҲҪ۸ˡ
ͬʱûע⵽ԼίͰ͵ġ󹷹΢΢һĽǶȳŰüư̧һ¡

ɶֱ˰˰ٸӵˣ
ҲҪޱ


4 
ҹĻ٣ޱ櫴ݵıصԼĹžɳǱ
ϰϰ΢ıɴһֻҹɫžҹڴ̨
Ѫ˴һ˵϶õϢɹ֮ǰƶߴɱǼµнˣ¹˹ԴΪд̡
һҲŲסˡޱ櫴૵
Ψƶ¼һĲһҲ̨ˣɹϢܴܿѪ壬֮µֱӺѪͳһ
ޱ櫶ʢŨɫҺĲƱûʲô
һѾмѭ
Ѫڲ˼꣬ƶ¼ѾĻ̵꣬ҲĵҰʵֵһ졣
ֻϧͳһѪ壬ƺӴҰġ
ɼ֮дķѪѾƶ¼УֻʣһЩɢСĸС岻ƶµͳΣڸ翹
ػ㱨Լ鱨ֻᵽĳʱС̬۵׻һĨغ˼
˵ѪһƥһֻתѪȴ˵ǿֻѪڲͣؽЩӷƶ¼ͳεѪ壬ۼһԼܾ˰¹˹ƶ׹ȥ֦
˵תѪܻôǿĵĴһֵֻѪҴ߱ǿ󡣡
ԱôѲ˻ĴһλֵѪѪڲҲλѪĴˡ
ͨԽĴѪ壬⾫ϸѡԼĺ
˼ȥʵû˿λĴѪ˳ӵµĺ
ޱһֱ˵Ļ㱨ֱἰλѪȻո¶ͷǵʱųһ䡣
ô
΢΢ƺ֮ЩȤ
лԼλرء
Щ졣
ͨٻʲôȤֻһЩϳѪ壬˾Ȼһ䣬Ҫ뷨
׼Ϊʲôǰĵ׼֮һҪ̽һЩλѪϢ
˶࿴һ۵Ķ٣ֻҪ˸ȤģֶҲҪ뷨ӵõ
ʱҸ̽̽ǸѪĵˡ
츳ãǸѪ壬ӦǴùġ
ޱָñڣ֪Щʲô
һʱ̼Ŀն˵˼ѾתǧأѾüƻôԷˡ

Ͷ˸˼һʱ޻Щž
һ˳һ£վСʵ
ˣʲô𣿡
ȻزǶô֪ԼںܶǰҲǷƶ¼һԱ
ֻǺһЩΪ֪ԭͷƶ¼ֵþѡ
ݳԹԺܾ֮ǰ㿪ʼ£죬Ѿꡣ
˾һֱαװ켣ΪľӰƶ¼巢֡
ڷƶ¼죬˰¹˹ƶµĴ¸ոͳһѪ壬ʱ
Ȼ֪˵׺ͷƶ¼ʲôԹ·ƶͳһѪ壬ΧضõţĻҵ˵Ĳ֮
ƶ¼ŵλһݽɫ
Ϊģʹڻһֻʶǽü
ӵĵĶԼ˻᲻ܵõӰ졣

ޱûд𻰣ֻǶűһССѪݷ
˵ĿҲſȥеıӣĿЩ䡣
ܴӿŵǹѪﲻʵѪҺζ
ѪʳޣѪûֻѪЩ֪ҽԺҴ˶õĲѪҺ
ȴ
Ϊһˣ˺Խ˹Щ嶯ʵˣΪҪίԼ¿ԸѰʵѪҺ
ޱȴںƽһѺȣҲûʲô𡣡
άĶˡ
ǱҪȥһֶ
ΪԼǱԵʣ
ͱѪһͶѪҺûʲôÿÿŵǹȳѪҺζŻ¡
֮ǰǸӡ
ޱ櫽еҺһϸ׵ָһ´ߵѪŨܵĽë˫տ󺣵۾ʱ˰ɫ
ˡޱ
ǡ
뿪ɡ
㶣ȻûзӦޱ櫵˼
ҲҪڷƶ¼ҴϢˣ뿪֪֮й
ƶ¼ԹѾãԼӹʱҲˣʱҪͷˡ
Ͱ¹˹Ҫϡ
¼ҹ˵ģƶΪҲͰˣȴǲԼ
ȶԼĳ޴룬żͲ
ˣңұзĴЧҵҪˣôҽҲûдڵıҪˡ
ޱ櫾עϣܹԼ
ʲôԼҪ˵ΨһȥĶ
˵һƬãȻǾš
뿪ˣҲԼڵļֵ
þԣǸʧǵӣޱ櫻Э̾һ
ɡ
Ҫעⰲȫ
ǣ
鼤һƯԭ
--
ڶ糿̨Ȼַһ֧õ廨
ޱ嵽ƿ
Уѧӣµ׼ͣ㿪ʼޱʰһҪõ
ΪһҪھУնȹˡ
Щʳϻ᲻̫ˣ˻ǶϰɣһӦÿװ£УʳķܺóԵȥأСȥ϶Բϰߣ׼һЩʳûġ
СŮӶŴԵЩ硣
ޱѾѧУͳһƷµֻ͵С۷ȥʱʱҪͣǲʲô©ˡ
ʵҪʳվû˵ʲôĻǷµٽܶʳŽ䡣
ֻۼԼԽԽ࣬һʰļ
ޱЩ̿
µٰԼһȥУˣȤ
𣿡СŮӶȻͣ¶˫۷
ܿйشͷ
ⱿӣǿǷչľУСȥѧѧУôܻѧŮӶȥء

-
ǿѧ֮ͷõģרҵΪ׼ޱҲȻȻͬרҵǸȱϯһڵŮһᡣ
ΪԷٳٻûбټΪֻԼһˣ䷿ӱԵøյ
иڵ۹ǿľʵҲΪУԼ;ӵĹϵѧԺǻ軹ǽѧʩ涼Ƕˮ׼
ǰѧ˵޵ı׼ȴ൱һ䱸ĳÿ˶Լң㱣֤ÿѧ˽˿ռ䡣
۹ѧУ˽Ϊ࣬ƵѧУ֮١
ͨϵĹҹУ˵ȷѧεУԵ롣
ޱɨһȦ˵Ŀ
򵥲ʧװƣ۸񲻷ƵļҾߵĿռ䡭
һƬȺ
Ⱥܿ˻ظ
ݣ[˵ǾУᣬǻΪԼȥεģȷʵ]
˹[ⷿӱȰԼǮĹԢҪá]

ޱ櫷ƬǼ˼䣬㽫ֻ۵˸δ֪Ĺâ
˼
УһͨУĻӣʵȴɾϵͳ׼Ϊ۹ԺѪս˲ŵ
-
ֱԼƵķ䡣
ޱ櫴ʰһǰһµپ׼ʳЩ֪֡
Ѫ嵹ҲܳһЩʳҲֻܳԣԵＦһûʲôô
ܱҲ޷ѪҺá
Ψһĺôžڴʳʵ츳ʳҲ廨ţڸзḻǳζʳԻͦõġ
ֻǣҲôؿڸ֮
ޱ̾һ
ѪܿѪҺ֮κһʳάҲǿſܵÿ챧Ѫ
ޱһһֿʼһֽӡ
ֽӱ֮һܷʵʵı䣬㹻ʳõѪζ;Ҫȥһ˲µʳﴢ
ޱ櫰ǴرóתԼϸС
С˫ƣƵĺΣʹķ˱ҲְᷢѪ
ܿһжʰˡ
ޱƽڴϷſԼϢһ
컨ϵĻƷ
ò˵У治װõ컨϶Ǽòʵĸ塣
ҷĸӦúܲǸˣסһʰ
ֻϧָ궼ҪǿѪ˵ĹЧӵþ΢΢ˡ
ޱ˵ԷŴԼͬĶܺŮǵ˵߶
Լ
ӱڵϵ
ޱ櫱ϸһԽԽҵȻ
¥ƺˣ


5 
ԹϴԣʹǾУѪҲ⡣
ͨһ¥ĹԱǲģѧң֤һǳ¶ˡ
ԱϵݵӰܶ˿ܿһʮʮٵģҶ֪иҴˡ
ֵȶ2002ҸղŴĶͲС2001ҵŮҲ
ϻ͵͵ŹԱģһֵ˾Ѹټ20㡣
ޱҲˣΪ۵ظԼһֵĺλá
ҵ֮һǸŮźĺڷ۾ƯٴŹԵվɫĮЩýӽ
ޱ櫵ĿͣӣڶԷȾϲԼ֮ʱѸƿ
Աֳִй°㿪ʼ߳ޱż¼ʵ
֡
ڷŮ
ȡǱһλ˹
ΪʲôܣԱʡ
ͻȻֵġԴżߵسԼչʾԱֻһϵĶͻȻҶˡ
ôԱ2002λѧѯʡ
ͬҵŮҲ£һ״ı飬ǻʵش⡣
ǶԼķʰ֪ΪʲôͻȻʹˡС
ʲôҪ˵ģԱĿת
ûС
áԱ˵ͷȻԼеıд˼˽ԶŹΥɣÿ˿֡
֡
ڳ˿ͰȵĿⶼЩͬ顣
У˶֪һأǾǱ۷ֵǱ̨ζ˽ѵʲôطܵһЩա
ȶݴЩ⣺Ϊʲôǿ۵ķһࣿȶֵģ
ԱĿЩ䣬һò˲δҶ˵Ķ
ŮǵĿⶼԼϣĿ£ȵɫЩǺ죬Ӳ۷־Ϳ۷֣뻻ᣬҾԲԸٺһͬңһ֮ô죿Ҫ֤ҵȫ
ȫԼܺߵλϣ֪ĵΧ۵ĺöŮҲЩ
ԱɫطһԼеһӡ
¥1901һпշ䣬˭Ը⻻ȥ
ȥ
ȻûӦһֱĬûٻȿ˿ڡ

ܿõŹԱ뿪־ҲлĻɢ
Թȫ̵ޱҲתȻ뿪ΪԼȥ֪
ⲻ֪ǰŸһ뿪֮󣬴һѵŮǼ˲˽
ģĺƯ
Ƥţһ𪣬˿ǵļһ⻬ҾȻûһȸߡ㿴Ľë𣿰׽ɫģŨ־̣۾ʯҪ
˹С
˵סڼţ
ûǴĻƺ1901

ȥһܻü
--
ԼĶ1901ҵʱޱɳϿӰﻹµٸװƬ
ŵĶ̧ۿȥкãޱ櫡

ѵĻӦһ򵥵ټ򵥵ҽܡ
ޱҲûй飬򵥴кҲתͷԼĵȥˡ
ʾŶƬ
ޱһƬƬЩ
ΪŮء

Լѡߵһ䡣
1901δԱпзңѡء
䱾Ѿźøޱ櫺λٳδŮģΪ䶼ûסԺޱ櫲ؽԼķ任档
һ඼ϲķ䣬ůɹҲá
ֻѪŶ֮ϲ޹ĵط
--
1901һʵޱ櫲ûʲôӰ죬һֱڿɳϱ߿Ӱ߳ԳԺȺȡ
ͬѧһֱԼķʰ;ػػȥΣǴԭҰһЩС
˻ŸԼ£ϵԵúܰ
࣬ܿ͹úԼж
ֻǻЩĲõС2002Ҳ鷳һһ˺üΡ
ޱ櫿ͦʱ䣬о۾ЩͲˡ
ϵӻ߶߶һ£ʱְżС
ޱοȥʱĿͣ룬ɫĳЩ
Сϸ׵ָյ˵Է첲ϵ˿λãˡ
ǳɫı£첲λѾѪȾӵһСƬ
ȰѶ£վ𶯣Ҹһ¡
ҲʲôӦޱתͻԼķȥȡҽҩ
ޱ£ʼ鿴ֱϵˣǱӲҳ˺ۣȰԱչֳҪصĶ࣬ղȴûΪԼһ䡣
Ůû˵ȴҲûоܾľٶ
ܻЩۣһᾡһЩޱ櫿˿΢΢üȼһ¡
ƺϰԽ߬ȭָɵ㣬Ҫҩˡ
ɽš
΢Щطֻ򵥴ܿԼҩŮɰķ̵Ľë̺Ĵ,޵ζǽߡȺỺĺ
Χÿ£ǼŵЩͷĿѣĶ߾Լʧص
лл
ޱϺҩһʱվһ롣

˰벽ܵĶޱ櫳Ĭ롣

ޱ櫶һ΢ЦȻصԼɳϡ
ȺϢԼޱ櫾ȥȥˡ
֮Ҳûп˵һֱŰֻеӻʱʱŵĶƬԻ
ɯȺԼ֪ĳİԣ²Թϵޱؼ߶ŵĶûע⵽
ֱ1901ķ屻죬ޱ̧ͷĹԱ߽
1901
Ѹվֱо
ΪΥ͵Ĵڽ֮ڽһ¥ľɴҴɨɾ
ǡ
ûκԹԽ˳ͷ
˳ӵùԱɫһЩ
УĴͷȥܹͷӲܱηִͷտʼʱز̵ܽģʶʱĵǲ˹Ա࿴ۡ
ע˿ڡޱ櫵˵Լֱʾ
ͷţҼסˡ
ޱֻǻϢԸܵ뿪֮ǰεԼϻ
űˡ
ޱ̧ͷտɫ۾һ˲ɰ죬˼ضţֻǰǸҹСŮ
ĺسɳûء


6 
2002
ʱȻںԼλੲݵرԹš
Ǹ蹷һˣʲô˲ģҾһ£ûôбҪôС𣿡
ںˣΪһƽױ֡Ҳ֪֮ôȷߺ֮࣬뵽ʲô۾һתֲ޵Ц
˵ԱѾͷȥһ¥ˣǻá
ԱûзֻԼðĵ׿ʼҵΪԱҲԼûзĴ
Բֻǿʾ棬ûиκʵԵĳͷ
Ȱнһ˶ϬֻǵЦЦûд
ֻڰȷֵʱǲŻᳶһòٵЦݷܹȥ
ڰûɫϲƤķ䣬ȥֽ֮ŲʵϲԶ˵Ķ£һ˳ӡ
ʵڿѧһڣҶϤԷ£ԸһǾǸദĺŮ
ֻǹһڵʱ䣬ӰȵһδǵĶʱʱǱﳰЦͬһûеŮٵԾؽ趫ʼȶĺøбһֱ½
Щͷ
ԵûûзִС
ȺܿҽڻԼķ䣬ЩϢһ
ǲͱ̬֮ЩԣöվڿİȵɫЩѿ
ŮԻصԼķ䣬Žڶŵľֻ磬ػϢ
ǹˣ
˵ֻǴһ˳ɾԼˣûдҸұ֤һͻȻռΪС
ȣһ⡣
ȣܽҵĲͿ˳ĶҲûа˵ҪǮ˼
˵ͦ˵ģİȲ˵ܺͺ˹СһᣡУǿ˹С㣡ĺƯҲŮסһҡ
ȣ㻹˯ɣʲôС
(o) 
ȻٸԼظϢˡ
ô˯ţ
įѩˢһֻתͷᳵ·صһε̳վ
һǹޱ櫸˵רվ
ǵģʵޱһרŵ̳ԼȴһҲ֪
ʱУѧĵһ죬ڵǼʱһƬУ԰Ⱥըˣڷ贫Ƭ
һ´ǳЦĲա
ͺܶȴһ۾ޡ
Ƭ˹Сֱ١
ڶ죬ѧУĳóĴоҹһվһЩ޼ҿɹչ
Ҫ֪Уֲޱ˵ȴƬЦerվҲڣԽԽơ
ǺܶУ˹СУķ񶼸롣
ͷĿѣգ߹ʣŶ˵Цݡ
䲻֪ΪĴСΪʲôѧУⲢÿ˹С˶ϸһűڸ̨֮ϵϡ顣
Ͼ˵ıܾ׷õ
ǷÿЩңɼ
̲סԲλ࣬ҿ
ֻҶһԶԶ

һȦͼƬأ˲¼ޱ櫵ƬָԼһͷ
ŶƯͷתȥ̳׼һҫޱ櫶ԼЦӡ
չȥͿһhotҵĴ
c2002ˡ
1L:ţʲô
2L:˻ôִܣ˵տѧһйһŮҴˡͷͦӲͦ¡
3LȻǣʲôϵ¥ʲô̳Ǻ˹СйϵĻͲҪ˵˰ɣ

15LȻǣ˵λܵ1901
16Lţʲô˼1901ôˣ
17L:¥ϣc1901ޱ櫡˹Сᡣ
18LԲۣ
19LԲۣ

39L˭ˣ
40LΪʲôҴܣʹҳª
99Lһôˣһ˹СһϿأϸҶˣ˹С·ʱҼˣŮԼĶѾܷ׼ұˡ/(//////)/
101LһȺxֻ˵ķ˭˹С̧ģ
256Lأ˱ˡ

ҲĬĬᡣ
Ϊܻᵽ1901Ļء
һᣬǰ
Ҫ֪Ͷ̶̼СʱѾĪΡ
Ҫǰȵʱҵ鷳ͺˡ
--
һߣ֪˶õĴҡ
ܾûб򿪹ķһ̤ȥϱһ̳Աɨ䷿ӣǲ춼ùˡ
ϵûʲô飬Ҳûô⣬˴ɨ߱㿪ʼһһۡ
ʵʱϲֹ
ϲ۵ĶһɾĹ̡
ȷʵҲҪһЩƽһԼƽȵ
뵽ղ﷢һУ̲סһֻõְϧһֱϵı

ƺ¶ȡ
Ĵ䣬Ůվų˳ĺڷ£ɫ
ֻǻղţģҲһԼղŲǺܺõı֡
ӿޱС㿪ʼ˱Ʋס˷硣
ǰһһҪ˵Ŀȫûϲ˵
ԼкҲûкúô
뵽ʶ̲סսеɨѱ֣ûп۵ǰա
ޱСô
ദ
һ仰Ը˵ˡ
һ˰ɡ
ڷ۵ŮѾԼȥ˾⣬ƾɵĴվ񣬽Ŵʲô⡣

˵ر󣬵ѷŵķȴʵ˵٣֮ɫѾȫˡ
Ѫ嶼żǿô̶һʱ䣬첲ϵ˿Ѿ˰˳ɡ
⿪Ȼԭ˺۸ǵƤֻܿһ㲻ǺԵĺۼ
΢ͷīɫͫʶǴԭ˿ڵλÿһ

--
ϣޱ櫰ҩʱ̲סȵ
֣Ϊʲô˿Ȱˣ
ֱԭֻ࣬ٿЩĵطʼɫЩطЩף̵˺էһЩ¡
ûлش𣬵һ˲ŵס˺
ȷʵǸտʼ˵ʱԣָʱ򷴶һЩ
ޱ櫲ûй⡣
һմҩˮǩСĵزֱҩһ߳š
֮һҪע㣬Ҫ˿ˡ
š
ȹŮӦһ䣬ͬʱһֻȻڴϵָϢȻɿ
ޱ櫵ͷҩ䣬գһ۾ǳɫëɫ۾תһĨЦ⡣
ѾĻԼֱŪµˡ
ǹǰô



7 
죬ޱһйѪĴۿΡ
ǾԵʤʱҪǵǻۡ
ϣڿεĺЦָָԼͷŵңرлͶϵĻ档
һСȱȾܹȥƵսĽɫǡǡһɹĶ鷴ҪһҪжǿʱ̼ǺĵĹ۲ߺͽߡ
λУʸɾĽңʹֻһڣ̨߽٩٩̸
ʽڿ֮ǰôڿεʱϸ˱γ̵רҵԼѧϰ򣬲ÿڿʦһͬϲڵһŨīزʽ˱רҵҪԡ
ڽѪ˻۵ʱޱ˶ѧϰſǷüֵʡ
ڣһȽ˵ڣĳʱ򻹻Ϊ۵ĳԱڶдڵıҪ𣿡
УǼսѧУսÿѧҲǸٮٮߡͨУѧУڼҪѧϰѵΪҲȥʵսУѧڵڶѧھҪȥִ
СӼƻУÿѧһĿ
ѧԼҵԱԼСӣڵڶѧڿʼִдССͨ񣬻㹻Ļ֣˳ҵ
ޱ櫵ʵרҵʾ˱רҵѧս㣬ɴ˲һܸû˻Ըӵʡ
Ѿʼӵͬѧ֪רҵкܶ˼ʹ֪ҲΪԼĶﲢҪһνߵĽɫ˵
ߵĽɫκ֯жǲȱٵġȻʱȷʵӵÿǺԣǷǧֻǳԵؿ棬һõĸڶǱڵġ
ںͰݵؿԼǰΨһѧޱ櫣شңѧרҵȫʲô𣿡
רҵޱ櫻ش
ûרҵصڹ֡ϸһѧϰ嵥˸ֺѪص⣬㻹Ҫޱ˽ϰԡƫáѧϰÿһܹѯ鵽Ѫɱİҽ֪ʶǽѧ
Ӵ֪ʶṹѵħϵҪѧĶҲȲŵ˵רҵѧԺѧϰصһרҵ
ͷۺ΢΢Цһ¡
Ӧ֪һ㣬ޱ櫣רҵżԶҪߡרҵνĸûѧרҵ෴ΪҪߣһЩ̲ʺѧϰרҵ˲ű֮⡣
ֱͦϵıԴŸרҵҪλ
ΪǿȻҡѧģĿƽضڱרҵȷʵţвԴʵ˽ӽٵγ
ԭ
ޱ΢Цţصͷ
ڶܳеĲֻŶҽƣϢִҪĸҪǷŶӴԵãսϵϵѧȱһ㡣Ƕĺӣ֧СӴǵʧ
ٴο϶ޱ櫲οӵʱ仹ܿԣҲҪ̫ڵġ
ǶԼĿǰΨһѧеƫڷģǰŮһޱƽ֮Բôࡣ
õģˡллڡ
ޱ櫲ֻд˲ںܵŴ
ĽİοԼΪԵرʾм
ĿϵķΧһֱܺõرֵ˽
¿ֹͣһ߳ҵ·ϡ
ڵ٩Цʵһ˵ĽӦЩѰɣ
Ҳûĸоޱ΢΢ͷȻɵصƤʵǽڣֻһѧϿΣ᲻κͲϰأ
ڵЦ
Ҫ֪ޱһϿοҪȶһȺ֫ͷԼ򵥵սϵѧϿöˡ
ȻŮĺܶ˼ۣԣ˼άݣܵһʱץסĹؼ㣬Լ˼һѧǼ亱ġ
ں˵ԵĿýƣ룬෴ڸоԼ˶Ͽεļ顣
УǰʽʼƸΪԺУʦصΪѧһѧϰѪ֪ʶı޿Ρ
ԽѧԺ˸רҵָһµγ̡
˵רҵֻλѧԭÿȫĵġ
ޱ櫵ĳúޱԼ֮ǰӦ˽İš
֮ǰڿ˵ҲȫοŮļٻרҵȷʵżʲôĴѧרҵ
ЩսϵϵѧϲϷۿΣͬģҲϲȺĿֻɢ˯޲ɼѧǡ
ޱ櫾Ͳһˣӵǻ۵Ʒʣڿ˵ÿ仰֪ͬԼѧϰĶļֵ
һжúԭУĥڿٴȼ

--
ޱ櫺ͺڻټ֮󣬱ӽѧ¥ֱᡣ
·ϵʱֻյŵʾ
Сע
1.ϸѭɡԸԭ
2.ʱֹգڹ涨ӡ
2.֮ӳЯϱѧᴦ֤Ǽǡ
4.ܰʾһöѵѡϵѡ
ѧʱ䶨ڱ27磬뱨ԵͬѧעЭʱ䡣
𣿡
ûСʲôǽֹ⻹нһµʱء
ⲻӶ𣿡
ţ¿˿ԶȥսϵѧѵȡҸȱһ¡
Ȼȥ͵͵ħϵĴҲУٺ١
ˣǿϡ֣Уص+вӵȨ
ҾӣҼǵħϵһŶˣһֻ־˰ɣЦֲǡ

ѧҪˣеô졣
ʲôҲ𣿡
ѧѽ
ǿѧᣬһͨأҲ

ߵ
ͳһУͨѶֻҪþרŽѧ·ĸ֪ͨ
ޱյϢͬʱһ˲䣬ܶҲܵͬϢݡ
¿ε·кܶѧӰޱ櫿ͣյĶݣܶ϶˷ܼı顣
ÿСӣһУصУ԰Ļ
Ȼѧʽ֪ͨ
ʵϣڿѧĵһ죬ܶͬѧѾʼΪغҵĴ׼ˡ
ͬרҵѧǹͬһСӣھΪԼСȡע֮ùСӵĳԱɴ˽ܵϵһ𣬱˴˳ΪУвսܲɷֵսѡ
Уûм༶ĸʦҲֻרĸϿΣУ԰Ϊѧ֯ѧСΪλͨͳһĻƶȺ֯ڿеġ
ѧÿ¶ṫ͸ѵɶȺۺָߵĶͿԽһЩУȥʵսɱѪ
У԰Уѧᷢӵòν
ˣÿ꼷ԴҪѧҲ֮һ㣬ʤ

ޱϨĻҪֻʱĻϵһһſϽյĶš
ǣס
֣һ˫տɫ۵𽥱


8 
ޱһ¿ξ¥ߣȥѧǴ·ߣŶӽݵ˺٣ֻĸŮ
ƺġ¥ҵŮ
͵ԼĿ⣬ޱ櫿ȥѺõسЦЦ
˴һѣε״̬ԭΪһħѵоԼһҪһַ·˼Ѫһ
ȷԼվֱӡ
ƯСǰһҪһ
ӱһͷ⣬ʶվ˾ˡЩӢԭʱЩýӽһ˲ޱ飬˶
һļž
ȣ
վʲôģٻԵЩְɰι
ʵȿŮԼЦҲе裬ôҲԼɵʱվԵöе㲻ʱˣǿĵ׵ļֵضŮ˵ͷ
19ܿ쵽ˣޱ櫸߳ݡ
һ룬ԭѵ˾Ѹٻһס

ȣ㿴ղ˹СЦ𣿡
ˣɵ㶵վ˾ˣ㲻Сˣ
ˣȥѵʮҲû⣡ɫͨ졣
ȣҽѧ漣
ΪмѪ壬һŵľ벢谭ޱеĶԻݡ
̲ס̡
ɰŮǡ
--
1901ǰޱָƿͻȻȴ˶٣ĳĶǸλòķ䡣
λٵѧУô
֮ޱ櫻Ьʱ򣬹Ȼشһ˫²Ь
һԭõСһ϶һֻԲ۾͸ŷСؿ
ڿޱ̧ͷպúһ˫۾ϡ
žһű͵عˡ
͵ŮʲôŵСһæ˻ȥ
ޱգգ۾ջ˸Ҫsay hi֡
ֿܿˣźŮһıվ˳鶯۾žǲֱһҲһ͸ķѣ
㡭ã
þȫ޵Ĵк
ղʵ̫ˣһƬհףʶܣвԾ͵ؽŹˡ
ôʧĶ˭ʲôõĵһӡɣİգվָͣؽԼ½ԵЩ޴롣
ޱ۾ãѣҽޱ櫡˹ء
̧һͷ⧲ײޱ櫵Цݣֻæٴ£һűͺͨͨ¸ˡ
ϸ֪˹С㣬֮ǰ㡣
ޱ櫳˼룬ԺﻹûʲôǰŮӡ
ϴǸı飬汧Ǹʵڻ벻Ǵǰļˡ
ǵģݻæ֣͵˹С㲢ûмңҴǰԶԶһΡ㻹ǵǰײǳ׼ҸձһŮ
Ȼ׼ǧ𣬵ǴǰʮС⣬ֻһƶСϳ¹ˡ
ʮǰһ˷ײеСŮ׷ΪʹʧŮ˾޴ĴһûñΪ˼ɼȥ
Ѱ˺ܾҲûҵ˿Ů˿ȴʮĲһҵԼʧɢŮ
ݾǸ˷ӹߣƶСϳۿ׼ǧ
Ĳʵرӻ׼ңֻоʴӡ
޴Լ봦ͻĸۡ룬ƻԻ͡ӰǸӳϹϵ
ûѧǵԱʹĵޱȿĽԼļ̸Цύѣȴ˳Ӽĸİţʵʵ¥ϡ
ĸ˵ģȥҲֻʧо׼
죬¥ϵֻ۵͵͵ϵľ
ԶԶһۣͿȺ貵顪λͷϲڣȴ߹Ů˹С㡣
һֱǵޱ櫣ֱղŷ͵͵⿴ʱһ𾪣λ߹Լңɼ˹С㾹Ȼͬѡ
ԺҪУϦദʱˡ
˵ʵҪѾü͵͵ԼָʹиԼһжģֱݻǾЩʵ
ԭ
ޱݵĽͣȻǳᡣ
ǴΪ׷˵ա
˶֪׼ʧʱ걻һˣҲһЩ̫̫ǱʾҪλϵǧ𣬵׷ļŮ岻û
һȦģʵҶ֪ô¡
ԣò׻صҵĿŮص׼ңҲһĸ̵Ĵڡ
Ժͬҵˣޱ櫾ͺá
ޱƽЦţһȻظ̾ˣרҵһֻѧڲһڽڵˡ
Ϊ˾컺ѵΣҲΪת̫ʺϼȥĻ⣬ޱ櫺˺ڳΪ»⡣

ݵıһ˲Ŀհס
һ˫ǳɫ۾΢ĺ췢򵥵ıɱӴǰСɽ׵ıݽ룬ȫһ崿ɰĳࡣ
ɴ۾΢ͷ㶵ޱ뵽ԼϿĶӰһֻӡ
ݵҲԼ˺ֻܶ࣬ԼλãǳС磬͸һֻ޺Сˡ
ޱûס̧ͺܺķ
ݣɰ
ǲԼߵŮѣѿڶĿ佱ϰΪȻ
ݲһò׻͹һΪһ佱˲Ǳ죬һ޴룬ڽŲ֪˵ʲôȻЩ͡
ллл
ǰû˿ɰ
Ρ
ŵķ
ˡ
ޱ櫸˽ܱ˴ˣݣΪӳٱԺǵˡ
ݣսϵѧΪһЩԭ򱻷ֵҡ
ʵʱŮĶԻ򴽣ͣ룬ŵͷʾԼ֪ˣûҪ˵ʲô˼
ԸǺϲ˵ݻᣬԱޱ櫶һ䡣
ݹɵͷܸܵԷûж⡣
͹ȦЩƺܺƣȴŶıӺĴСֻǱԸЩĮСֱҪõ̫ˡ
ݱǸ֣ȻվǰͺܲˣҲģʲô⣬ֻ̧۴а̾ĺڷƯ䳤ࡣ
һŮΧԼߣЩκģȻҲЩ;ִ٣Īģޱϵ΢Ц֮оĶˡ
ҸղȥԷоͦóԵģҲһݡ
ЩӲؽԼĶݸޱ櫣΢ͳģȴֲݾܾζĪһǿǿ룬ޱЩЦ
ѸѹѹǣȻ˹ȥ
лл
ޱҲƴǣӹ˴õĲͺһţš
ڿӣӵݴƵ绰ĵҵ½Ǳ¿һҲţòлȥ
Ȼ͸ţš
ΪޱЩ㵵ı飬ĵЩҡ
ԼŻޱ櫾ûзִ硣
𴦣ЩӲزһ䣺ڿԣպòҲУ˳ġ
ллá
ޱ櫶һЦ
װţŵĲͺЦúܿģĲûнʲô
ĵһ

---
ԡڣһֻǽڷϸֳ֣ϵȥһĽޡ
ûвͷϰߣԼɫʪĳµˮŮѩ׵ļµڱʵĵƹ¸ھ
žԼ
ޱ飬ɫ۾īһŨأ˿Щ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬ͻȻЦӣŶžϳǵļ⡣
˱飬ֻдǽӲţЦݿЩ졣
һͿɰҲմߡ
ȻӦԼڸʲô
һͻ߳ܡ
ˮͷ
æˮԼϴ˸
ǲôϴϵĺֻԽԽơ


9 
һܵĿγ̱ŵޱ櫵ճϿϿκϿΡ
רҵΪ¿רҵʦࡣ
˻ÿܱҪϵѵ͹Σʱ඼ǴۿԼҽƻΣֻһŽҪȥʵʵ顣
ЩԲ̵Ѫֻǵҧ˵Ƥеʱ򻹻ܺ˵ĥ
֮ǰҲаһЩΪαıɱ޻ѪϣǳʱҪʬȥ򣬱Ҫʱǻõܵġ
Ҫ֪Щʱ˱ѪҪ¡
ʦվ̨ǰƯַһֻʧѪӽչʾޱݿ
ޱԭΪݻẦÿΣСѾͷ²ֵֵʱ򷴶ֵõϸɡ
ʦüΡ
ѵõĺӣѧУԳΪٴҽ
Ѳ˵Сͨ졣
ȥ·δһֱ˵
ϲһſγˣĿһ˯
ݴ۾δɢȥ˷ܣ̶̼ദѾޱǰ˺ܶ࣬˺ܶ
ˣޱ櫣ѧ׼ôˡ
ݿޱ櫸ȴݵӣЩǡ
˵Եʱ˻ʵһЩ⣬ῼǿȡ
Ķ˵ġ
һרҵ˵ġ
ݷǳóѣһֱ㡣
ޱ֪Լȴû׷ʡ
Ȼת⣬ش·֪ͨûҪʲô׼ҲǱݣ;˵ǣʡЩԵʱ򡣡
˵ҲǣȷʵҲ˵ÿ궼һϢ˳Ҳһѧѧ㴫ģޱһܹģͷ۾ģڶޱЩäĿݡ
˼ߣ⡣
ȥ˳аɣϺˡߵ·ʱͻȻ뵽
ޱ櫵ͷ˵á
--
УУ԰úƯҹҲÿûγɻУ԰ѧҲкܶࡣ
ټУ԰ƫƧһĽδ깤ߵѧУҲûãͨѧ
Ȼƽҹ⴦˹˵Ľȴƽ
ɫ͵ظСŮһصİƣڼžĺҹԵø
֣˵ˣҪ⻯γѧ˶𣿡
ڵϵŮӾվû˵Ҳûз
ͷԲֻǾվ
ͣ治׻´ΪʲôҪôһɵӽ
ֵԼƴͨ˲ȡĻᣬ˵ɵɣڿùһ治֪ɵɵ
ˣǸ鷳Ļ᳤һˣҪвǣ˾Ҹɱ
ĸһһ䣬Χһ߿һ߷ﳰ˹ٰȣеŲʱʱ
ŮٴαƵڵϣСһȦߴȭߣȴͷβûзһ
ǿ˹ٰȵ̫ǱЦɫ𽥻͹һ㡣
˴˹ٰȶֺʣҲվԱ߿ŮŹ
Ѫ壬Ҳ
˭ɵӲ㻵Ĵ£뵽Ǹ˲㷢ѧУѪ£ɫͻҪѿжѿ
УκεطҪ䱸ɭϣƶ¼岻֪ķѶźòװѪһ֣УľƱػ߾ѧУӭһϴ˵Ѫ尲İҲᱻɣѪҰĶṦһ
˹ٰȾǸɵӣȥֻϵ鷳
˲ˡ
ˡ
ֹ˶ͣ˶
ߵŮǰӸ¿û
˹ٰȴȻץסĿš
㡣Ůɬɳƣͷסޡ
԰׿ûб飬ĮĻɫ۾ȴһ˿ڿ˹ٰǰ͵סĵ°ͣ㲻ܼѧУˣԼ취ôôȥ
ͨԡŮ۾峺տִֵضһһ˵Ӧ㡣
Щܵıꡣ
Ů˹񾭲Уʱ͵ˣǹ¶һ˭Ҳûи㡣
ƫƫô˵ǲţΪ˷ֹ鷳֮ǰͷغŪ˵ֻҪͰҵ㡣
û뵽ɵӻﵱˡ
֮࣬־ЩЦ
Цˡ
ΧЦζֻЩˡ
ЦһͣȻ̵شս԰˵ƭġ
ûѡҪôҪô
Ƚɿץŵ֣Ҳٿͷ˲䣬һ˫տɫ۾˲Ѫɫصĺݵֱһʱ
ûаҽ㡣
ƭġ
Ҫɱ
ڰȶƲסĵɱ⶯ʱͻȻһʯͷƷݺҵͷϡ
һӰӺҹл
ģĵƹԼԼȴ˵ڷͫŮ˻·ҹĶħ֮ӣԨ˼䡣
ЩǱֱӣݵһ˫۾ɱֱֱȥ
Ůɢͬ൫ȴİϢ
ԣԲǹܿµһԱ
˭
û˵һʯͷٶ˹ȥ
˹ȥͬʱҲ׼ŭˡ
һ໰͵سǰȥԴÿһ˺֡
սԵø࣬ɶһδιϻһʵʵ˺ͫɫûб仯ɱԭĺɫ
ԽԽľ
ԷٶȶԼǿ˲ֹһΣУһɫǾȻ޲
Ů˵ǵѣ
ʵǱŭˣǾУͲֳʲôԲԼ֮ܿ˺˾롣
Ҳ֪ôУģֻΪ˾ɵӵĻǷȰòҪ£ƶ¼岻ǵġ
۾棬ͬʱ°²ܵ·
ѪڲȫѾƶµͳΣʣһЩɢĻڵֿСŮ˸ҹȻôƣʮа˳Υƶ־һԱ
Լ϶зƶû˿ƽǹ
ҪΪˡ
ܺãϣҲҪڣҧҧѹеĺ⡣
УײǶֵĺõطΪ˿˹ٰǸɵҲֵãִѡѹ漴Լļආת뿪
շгһһѽܵǧ򱶵Ůϻ
뿪֮󣬳ָ˼ž
תſڵһŮĵĪһꡣ
Ů뵽ǰǸûа㷴֮Լ
߹ȥýҲѪ壬ɵ۸
ֲûз
Ȼָɫ۾Ӳض˶һۣԼ˸Ĭؿҹա
ûдҲ⣬Ա˵ûôĺģͬҲǰµˡ
쿴ȥѾǸԼ鷳ˡ
ԼϽңʵڰѲЩˣó뿪ط
ôһ仰̧ž뿪ȴȻϤϢ߹
--
ȥ̵꣬·ޱͻȻ˵ҹɫܺãУ԰ɢɢҹɫˣҲˬУ԰˵İݡ
Ҳʺɢܿĵͬˣ˾ͿһȦ̵ķȥ
ߵİ·ǴҶߵģһ·϶Եúܰڰ·ޱ櫺ȴͻȻ˻ҵĴ
Ůһڴʧ֮Ÿжޱ櫵Ŀܻ˵˵ҪȥƫƧû˼ʱߵĻͺΣˡ
ޱԭص
ԭݻܺ£ޱԼȥӲǳŵ˵Ҫһ
û뵽ȴֳһ벻ˡ

ݿվŵ˾ȻǾȡ
ôô
ޱ櫣Ǹղƺ
ģؽһ¸ղŵľĿ⿴ޱ櫣ôߵ
ɢɢ֪ߵˡޱ櫻ش
š˶٣ȰԺҪߣƽѵҲ٣ֵҲߣ̫ȫ
ʵǵѪ塣
ưȫľУʵѾѨ
ޱص˵ͷҼסˡ
ı̫̲࣬סͷǲԵ
ùԡ


10 
ȻֻǱģʵȴ
뵽ŮһԵݱ͵͵óݵһа
۾ڵһޱЩģȥ鿴ǲˡ
㻹𣿡ѯʡ
ޱ櫵Ȼ֪һֻѪ壬ӵǿȬҲûѪҺζ˵Ůû˵Ŀܡ
һУֻҪʵޱ櫡˹Ӧһбְˡ
Ϊʮһչ¶ǰˡ
ŮЩɢҲشֻһڵϡ
ݴûѧѧϰǵƤëҽ֪ʶΪãеЩĻţ̲סС
ޱ櫣ȥҽƴ˹ɡ
ûˡһ仰
ֻǿܵһЩʵĴҪʱ侲һ¡
ȻղֻǴԵ˼ǵĶԻҲԭ࣬޷ɵŮ̫ƭˣڴܵ˴
Ǿͷﲻ𣿡Щɵһ۵ϵİȡ

ʵҲûʲô⡣
ֻǵ׻ǵȺ˿ܻ۷鷳û˵ʲô
ޱ˼һ£һļ򣺡ͬѧﲻȫҺ𣿡
࣬÷
ЩתԼ򿴹߶Է뿪ùֻһ˰һ
ֻ˳ֵѪҲǣ֪νҲǣҪǶ¡
͵ţ漴ȴײһ˫ͬտɫȴԼҪÿǧٱ۾
ޱûѣֻǾ
㶿һ㡣
--
ޱ櫰ѰȴԼҡ
ľŻҪŮתͷޱһۿʼ˵֮ͼᶨ϶ޱĽ㣬ýĴӵվ
˦ˡ
ûа취ֻðԼҡ
СĴŰȣԭ泡ڰͷɢţڵڣŷֵŮøƯ
һ˫ޱһɫ۾ͷϲҸɿëĻɫ̷ԵЩңȴӰµÿһ۾ޡ
ʲô֣ޱʡ
ȣ˹ٰȡ
ޱ櫵˵ͷãȣôȷĽ㣬ǼֻһŮ
ȻشϵıЩ᣺ǣǣ㡣
ֻнſôÿɫĳɫ۾ʱǴЦʹһ
㻹ǵĽ㳤ʲô𣿡
ȵ˵ͷȻĿⶨޱϡ
ޱЩЦãָָԼ˼˵ҳһģһ
ƶص˵ͷ
ǳӣ
ޱЦЦ
ʲʲôõϢˡ
ȻŮĳЩ֪⡣
ΪڵϹ·մҳɳͷҲҳһš
ޱȥϴ𣿡
ȵͷ˿ԼȻԼе࣬ݺݵͷ
Լϴ𣿡ݲ޵ĵʡ
ᡣ
ȵ̧ͦͷ
ѾˣѧԼϴ贩·ˡ
ǸģݾܹԼϴһ飬סЦ⡣
ΪƣתطɾԼû·ȴȻźޱһȥԡҡ
ĩݻĵذﰲȵںˮ¡
ޱ櫺ݴԡҳ֮ص˶һۡ
ô죿üȰޱ櫴ϳ㣬ǸȥĶĽأУ԰϶ûеڶޱ櫳һˡ
ϾĳУ԰ﱾͲȻˡ
һֱûô˵ǺѰʲô˽Ϣ̫ޡԣҲܴĻ
˶Ĭ
鵽𣿡ޱ櫿
ߵ˵ͷk1201
ޱ˼һ˵ţǵȻȰͻԼҰɡ
ɫͫɬ
ڲԼһ鷳
һֻѪ壬ԲһΣޱߡ
ϴİͷһţֻαʪ汾
ޱЩȥһߴͷɿݵͷĨһЩõ徫ְ֮ͷɡ
ȴͷβȶɵز񻰡
վޱ櫰Ūͷʱʱ۾һޱ櫡
ů㡭
ɳϾؿǣԭͲÿɫ¸ÿˡ
Ǻ氲Խôߵرסޱ櫣ƨһغʱɳվһ˫Ũī۾ƺҪ
ᵽȥ
Ҫ˲߬ޱ櫵Ӳ֣γɫ۾ǶޱȻ
ŲҪͽֿ
ҪѪ
ΪûղŮһֱԱ߶Ž㿴
Ů˿ֻѪͽסһңڽ߸жΣա
ţȽ䱸Ƴһ

ڰȵĲϣޱ櫰˻ȥ
ߵkѧҵʱ򣬰Ⱥޱ櫱һֵĹԱס˵˼仰
˹ٰȣѾҹˣ뱻ͨ𣿡˵꣬ʶʲôԱ¶һ˵ı顣

˹ٰȸںЩ
ӿѧһͺͬѴܣ۷Ҳ޶ãǽҹޣ˵ѵԼĽ̹ٴҶ֡
Ѿ޷ˡ
Աÿ궼ùܵѧΪԼҲǼ˵ˣп˹ٰȵѧÿÿǻøۡ
Ʃڣ˵ô࣬С쵰һûںνͨͷ
Ա˱ۣ۵Ʋͷѡá
ˣȥɡ
ѧԺ˭˭ܣǲˡ
ޱ櫿ԱǸͷ۵ı飬ЦЦȻƽʱûٸһЩ¡

Űһֱߵ1201ſڡ
ȿͰ͵ק·ߡ
ޱͷˣĸˡ
㡣ȵȴ߬øˣտɫ۾ʢſֻţҡ
ޱ櫿һ㶣ĬƬ̣ǣץסԼ·֡
ȣҺϴˣҲ㡣
ؿտɫͫһְݣԸĻǿѡ
ȵۿʪˣ˳鷢ıӣĬĬ˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲô
һΪҵõʱ̫ˡ
ûϵ
һػý㣬ҲŪˡ
ң죬㡣ϣؿޱ櫣𣿡
ޱĿγ̰ţ˵ͷûΣȥҵһݺ档
ȹɵͷ۵Ź⡣
--
ޱ뿪֮󣬰תصԼҡ
1201ֻаԼΪѧһͺ޷ƽദѴһܣûԸһң˳µӵһһٶƽĵ˺ҡ
վڴ̨¥ķ򿴣ֱǵӰʧ߷Χջߣ˴
ƹⷴ£ϵӳ˫Ѫɫ۾
һ˫ġ
һ˫
ѹȸм˲ռ䣬ڷ۵ŮԨĶħϮ
ʲôĿģ𿿽
ָ͸˰ȵĲѪ˳ϸ׵ָµΣſ̹ǵĺ⡣
ܾ㣬Ҳɱ㡣
ѪҲʹȵʹ΢΢Ťѵ³֡
㡣
ɫһɿ˽֡
ˣѪ壬ô㣿
֪һֻȻѪ壬Ѫ֮Ȼֳĺ㲻ǴѪ֣Ҳ౻תѪİӲһ
סԼĲֹѪҺᶨִֵص
ǣҽ㣡
ޱ飬ҲôģѪ壬Ҳ㿿
û˵ֻǺݺݿ
ʲô˼
˵Ҳǡ



11 
ޱ櫻صҵʱɳϱԼֻɵЦޱ櫻˻æֻϡ
ޱѰͻȥ𣿡
šޱ櫿һۿأ
˵еۣطϢˣǲҪ
ޱ櫵˵ͷû˵ʲô򵥺ͺݵһҲԼ䡣
طϢˡ
Ѿ˵Ϣء
--
k֮ûлᣬֱ뿪ѧУ
Ҳûж԰ô
龯棬ȴǾԲھУɱȵġ

ŰȻ˺ޱ櫣ֻĴڣͷƶ¼ĹζŻԴԴϵ鷳
Щ֮鷳ޱСδ֪ΣյС
ҪǰܰһЩвɱѿ֮С
ڰ̨ǰԼ˼һ˫ڰ׷۾װδ֪ĸӵ
Ŵжñĺɫ£һװ;ưɵĻЩΥ͡ɫĵƹģݣֻܿԽĲ
ʹһЩ˻̲סΣ
ȴҲŲҿȥڨĲûм
̶ôһʱ䣬ɪվѾ˲͵͵ˡ
µĶβһɫľƹȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôôôģ糢µһǧ˾ͲᱻŶ
һͷŨܽɫŮӷֵǰ˿ĺ촽Ըеһζ
ҲȾơ
ֻܾԱߵıˮ

ɪһջЦݣƴ³ƲƲ죬ֲźҡҡͷȻǱһ
ƿǸöƽֵԽˣ֮󶼻ᱩ¶Ϊ֪һ档
ǶԴ˲Ϊ֪һǺء
Աߵĵ̲סЦɪհ̣ôˣûС𣿴˿ˡ

˵ſɪնɭһЦŨŨľ棺˵ٽҰ̣ͳ㡣
װµض˶壬Ц˰ɣƤ񲻺óԣ绹ǳԺնذɣһҲࡣ
˶٣ķһۡ
Ȼʱûм˵ˣ˿׿ڳϹõ԰Ϊһֵġʲô˲ΪôһƬõأζɡ
ôء
ɪյͷ̾һ˵״
˭ҶԴ˵ѵ֣һǲܿƵضԴ˻ǣӣҹ˼ء
ʹضȥһﲨٲȻԼԲ龰硣
ǿɪյĶȤζ
ϲͻȻһ龰ģµӰڣ˻ûзӦʱ򣬾̨ʡ
ңϲǰͻ񼲡
̲ס˴Լĸ첲ֿһû˿ӦɵȻ𾴡
Ǵˣ

˵ֻϰˡ
ˣѾ׼ˡ
ʱȺ߳һ꣬ʮ߰ӣһͷػɫĳһβϴһɭĺɫ
ͬλҲһֻϵͼһȺɫŨīزʵĻ硣
˫ֵ̥߳һģһϲŵĳȶ޼ͼ˵Ƿֱõİ취
λվ߰ɡ
նأô˵İȫʱЦݣѵ棺ذȫǵôүүʺá
նص˵ͷ棬뿪˾ưɡ



12 
ѪҶϷƵĵδ
նصÿһôѪѻָĵطΪ֪ͬ࣬Է㡣
˵ʵһ·ٹʼûвϢ
ҪǴ˸պúһذȫ
Լ
˿̰ȫڻѾˡ
һ뵽նĵ׾־ŭ˵ĹͳУɱ˶Է
ЩǱ㣬Ծɲϳһ˺ۡ
ҧ룬ڱƵʹĵơ
óһľȣ￪ʼдʣ漴㿪ʼ΢⡣
ħ츳
ǴٶȣԶǺնظʤһɶԷħս־˲ʱòΪ˭Ҳ֪ħʦļܻʲôԵĴ
һֱվһδֵʱڶˡ
Ȱںնصǰ̧ɻǵħƽ޲
Щ͵ȵħǰǶϷ
ˣҡ
նǰһһصŰա
˺󡣡
ֹĶһ
ҶĺպͬʱϮ˺ڰеĳ˶޿ɶ㣬һƵ죬˵ϡ
źն߹ȥʱѾˣڵϴڴڵĺš
ȻѪżǿǻҪȴҪǿȴҲվѲ﷨
ΪԵԴݻһС
ֻҪ˵ٶȱϵٶȿ죬òһ˾ͻΪʧѪ
ؿһöʵؿڡ
ȴѪɥʧз
Ƿƶ¼ˣ
Ǳſڵϣ𽥸оʧһĨ
ͻȻ̧ͷƿڴ/ӣŹǣΪһȺں֮ھܺ𣿷ƶ¼ĹԽ档
˻Ļúն۵˲
߹ݺһţһ˰˳ɵȣ˾һõżһߵʮһŴ׳Ĵϡ
ݺˤ͵һѪ
ˣƶ¼һֱûз̽ȫλãѾǵһٵˡնؿһϢˣһĨӶ񣺡
֮ǰйٿɪպ͵Ѫ壬ֻǰٵʵձ鲻ߣ׾ܷ֡
ײذȫҲûʲôӰ죬ûаر
ǽٵԺǰ˲һˮƽ˻ħϢںȻû˿ǴˣȫҪˡ
նԽԽ£ͬʱҲΪԼû̫ܲܶûˡ
;ɱҡ˺޺޵Ƶ
һһȥ߰¹˹Ҫһսҵĵߣ´ǻԽߵΪȫʱԺͷƶ¼忪ս
ȫ
ٷģķǷƶ¼塣
ƿߣתҪ뿪ȴͻȻ̧ͷڰеĳߺһĨ졣
뵽¹˹Ȼ
ЦʺһԷò𾴵Ļλδų
£
һϢȻ˹ʣ鼤غ
¹˹ƶڿյϣûдˣǾֱķ
źɫĶ񣬿ñ߽ڸǵʵʵݡ
һֱͷ۵Ůˡ
ڼˣõ塣
θߴ۵ǰ
һ쳣ͦı촽ٵÿһһһģʵȴ˲֪ꡣ
ĪϢƬʲôûֻԼķ͸оһ˵ѹ
ʼ漶Ѫ塣
Ƿƶ¼
նسưɵʱҲŻ˶ߣͷ۵ɺ죬ΪƴѹеĺЩ΢΢
Ȼǰõǰ
ͲסҪֻǻû֮ǰ뷨˵ˣҶƶ¼Ĺû˿Ȥ
ſ
ǧûĸ˸սսƶ¼Ȩ
¹˹İһ˲ЩŭĶһۿɼͻֱǿѹ
ĿƵض̸еֻҪ³ҿԴӦκҪ˿ѪõͣһѪڲһ֮λ㲻Ը⣬һԻһƬƶͳµ
Ҫ֪ѪڲҲֹƽ񣬶ޱѪͳѪһ˵ǵĵȼƶΪɭϡ
ҲֻдѪֺΪѪ޴׵ѪܻȡķŴ
¹˹ΪԼѾ㹻òЩ֤ĳ⡣
Ů˼ǰճ֣·ز
һȫĵطһֱȻЩΥƶͳε֮ͽ
̽Ϣɳȥһһ磬ȴϢ֪֮٣ĿǰҲ֪صŮ˴ǴѪֵĺĳƺǡõ塱
Ѫڲվһϴƣƶ¼ⳡսп࣬ļƻҲڹؼһɱŮֻʱֺµȺں֮ڱøӻҡ
֮һֻδ֪ѪֻѪĿҲ
һ׮׮Ĺǵһչ˰¹˹ļɵ
ٶʱڣԸЭֻΪ˰סⲿַ
͡
Цһ
ֺγ֪¹˹˼أ
ȫȻûа취ͷƶΪУѾ㹻ΪԷɼɵһֱ⼤ŭ¹˹ȴ˽֦ܿ
˵ȫ˴𲻴ӦԼͲŰ¹˹Ĺ˿ɲʲô֮
ǰӦö˵ͬĻɣѡͶϣõ³ȴȫ屻Ͼɱ
ĶְһֻСɵɫʸҲֻҪǰһ춯֧ʸͻ˲ࡣ
ʧܡ
κ׼
¹˹۾Ȼ
ͱѹȥ벻Ů˾Ȼбڵص¡
ΪҲɱô
üһֱ޵ĸ߸ʧˣӦ˵ŭһ˲𣬴Ƭɭɳɳ죬Ҳñһǡ
㵱Ȼɱҡ
ǰˣ󵨵¹˹˵ľԽԽͣǰ׵ľ롣
ƽ΢Сֻ֧˵ƶͳһȴѹûȫշһЩġ֪ƺڿǵܻһΪ֪ʵ顭ʣӺѪ֪¾ȻڲкѪ᲻ᱻŭȻأ
ƮƮģûавζ·˵ҹܺá
ݸȴð¹˹ͫȴһ˲С

--
֮ǱӶսսع࣬ҷһ˿졣
ʢŭ֮µڷһٹĶ
š߹ϴôŭʧأŻٶǰҹߵʱ
¹˹ɫķ·ܵγˮ
ؿڵλãΪŭо˾Υֿʼʹ
һŽڵ˲仯촷ۡ
ڻϣͷþƺƽ
Σ¹˹̧ɿٱָԱһɪɪŮ

Ů˾ȴòֽŲõعȥ



13 
ȫΧܸӶַֻͨһ·ȷġû·ˣ˿ΧԹƵһҲҲȷš
Υصȫ
ѪϢɺ಻һİҹ滻Ҳպú෴˿ںҹȫȴ磬ֵǳѪ壬ǿʱ鼤صһʱʺá
ˣ
ˣˣ
Ҫڰȫ೤ʱأ
ʱû𣿡
հ

ÿ˶ӵһ˫Ѫɫ۾ЩñɲɱбݴݵѪ壬˿ȴȳƽ͡
һ·ͷʾ⣬߲ҲһĨ΢СЦ
Ƿƶ¼Ѱٴ̽Ҳ޹ĵط
ǰһ⣬ڵ۹ɭ淢صص׵Ӵĵ³ǡ
ݵ³ǹϣԼ֤Էδ깤ĵ³ӦʷϵĿΪԼĹ³ǵĽȫλʱסĿϣǡ
λսպյĻʵͼһǰԻ͹ĳΪᡣ
ϧǣΪ̫Ӵһֱսսϣ³Ƕû깤
ͳνԻ͵ĽҲȻֹͣ
Ѫļ꣬ƶ¼忰ЩͬʱͲ³Уƽ¼ŵ
ʼֻһѪһ壬ٺĽͶѪԽԽ࣬յĳӭľ
Ϊȡһ֣ȫ

--
ˣӭ
ִ﹬һ޳ŵӭһ׵ĳģŵõŹŰ˿۾ȼڱϣżǰʿװ硣
¸ǹĹܼңͬʱҲȫ
նأȥԼˡתߵ˵
ǡն˸Ŀ¸һ鷿ת뿪˹

鷿¸֣ŵĹıƮǰϡ
д̨ϻչһͼֽӡ鸴ӵСֺ۽ͼ
ǵ³ǵĽͼֽ
ˣ³Ĳ֡
¸ָһƬ˵֮ǰ9ĽΪذִһЩ߿Ƽȱ⣬ʩǱ߾ʱתȽԱ11ĵ·̻衣
㱨Žյ³ˣصĹʡ
Ͼܵõ׵Ľ
ѾĿά˾ɹ˳ҵϵֻҪ֤ԭϹӦܶƷǳƷԼͿΪ˸õڵϲɹʣǻڵעһҽзʵڹ˾ڻ
ԣ⵹ǳ֮ƣ㰲Ŷ˳ȥǰͼֽʵ
ңҪڹ˾ĸ߲УǱյĶԱĶȻ࣬ǸտʼһѾˣǵⱾһһ١
̧ͷüЩһ¡
ԾȻĳ𣿡
ȻԼ棬ҲԤһЩͻļ顣
¸΢΢һЦݹȥһƬ
µ㣬мҪֵʱǹȥڵͿɪжҲȽϷ㡣
ͼֽãǰվ
¸ʱˣѰȫĺܺãһֱ㹻һУıȴԤĻҪõöࡣ
ôһλεĿ佱ϲŭɫ¸˿һ˫ʢŵĹⲨҲ̲ס
õϿɣҺܿġ
ʵʵӵ΢΢
¸˭ĵ³ǺģǰﲻһƬƵķˡ
ܻȻİȫ벻ˡ
ǿ󡢲ѧŵͬʱǶ³ÿһƶ벻˼Ѫ
ʱиӵ磬ʼûΪǻ۸İƷ
Ǹţͨѧ밵أּ߸߼͹İģӴ³ǲֻһʵĽǵṩסڱγ
Щ켣ĪĻΪǳؼһ̵ıɡЩִƼģ˰ͺҹǳػӵķ羰ĵܡ
û̫ȵ¶ȣֻһٵĹ⣬ȴѪ档
Ѫϲ⣬ȴζǲϲĵط
ǵȻҲԸڹ֮еɢ硣
ǰôΪֻСĵںҹûѡ
¸ۼ֤³һ췢žޱ䣬ÿȫѪ嶼ĸԸԸ뿪
ΪѷʯͷɳΪѪ彨һ԰
Ѫ󲻵
гһҲ԰ɱ¾ƽɡ
¸ǵã˲Ųʮ꣬ȴһȫĽת

¸
תͷ񣬶ະ顣
ʲôأô񡣰ȫĴҶԾʱҲնţʵһ£ҪԼôۡ
Ϊ¸ǹ̫۵ˣڿǲӦøŸ١
¸Ӽ룬ٻԭɢҲٴξ۽
ЦֻʣʲôԸ
ҪҲˡ
ָƾոһƬƬıûһ֡˹ٰȡ
Ҫ֪ڷƶ¼о
Ƭӡһַ۵ŮȻǰȵģ
¸СĽƬĵȴ˽ķԸ
һǰӰ֮Ǳߵҹݴ˵ѪµĻѪ˶٣ڵͫЩ
ȴпһֻѪ֡
¸ӦʲôͫȻƽӱ𾪴ơ
ѵԼҹĺ𣿡
ɴУλҹûߣˡ
ֻǲ²⡣
뵽˺ܶǰѪɱǸϣڽܳӵ»ָһ˲䣬ԼԼܵȻһŮˡ
˼꣬鵽ִĴѪֻһλŮԣѾų˿ܡ
֮⣬ֻλδ֪ҹˡ
--
նشˣܰҰ͸𣿡
СŮһɫĲ֪۵ͷ
Һõ⣬ллǣǡ
ӹնһ·Ѿ֪յ˶Լд˸м֮ŷ⡣
³ŵѪ彫ɾӵǶм
նӹŮͷ
֣صһѶ͵ǰġ
ллնشˣСŮһĨӵЦݣһŬѵԼǿгһһΪЧ
Զ˵СŮıӰնӲҲڻЩǲԾ



14 
һ̤ϤԺ䣬ԺŪݵүүͷӰ
Ǻնػѽ
׷ԲԵЦƵϲ顣
үүѾѪ壬ٱϣɺնؾǾϴμʱˡ
ǼһᣬµĶ̲סӿٶȣߵߣᱧһ¡
һˣүү

үүǰϲҲóǰСԺһӵŴƬƬ̺죬ÿ
ֻվǵϣȱҪĹպֲ֣
նĬصͷŻήĻݲݣü
˷ڰȫ񷶥ϵİԴģ̫ⶼǼٵģЩûĹոһǸЩ䳱ʪﳤĻɡ
ô˵ȴȻؽӹеˮ
ĻȷʵòǺܺãſݻƵҶӡ
үүͷһۣЦŵͷã´үүʱ˳ЩӰɡ
--
Ǹ࣬ţ޶Ůһ˾סڵ۹С
ĳҹԺͻȻĶΪ⵽С͵ĹˣŷεԺꡣ
ؾǣϤչ£˵ܿ˹
Ȼؿµһһ˫ɫ۾
Ѫ
ػ˺ܶ꣬ȻҪߵľͷⱲӹúƽȴûʲôźڷԼµʵѪʱҲûжôź¡
ƽ˱ɱ׼
Ѫ겢û˺
ƺŰĵǲֱӵ˿ڣ˵嵱ʱʲô̬ѡ˼չǡ
˫̥ԸȴྶͥĬ۾ǳ䱸ܵȴʣԸѣ嵽ˣؿŶۡȴûоƵģֺǺǵģҲܶࡣ
ܵƺͲסį֪ͣԼĸ粻˵˵ʵһ˹˹¶Ҳ˵ǴĺƢੲݵÿ仰Ӧ
Ѫ֪꣬ҲԽԽ׽
û֣Ҳ֪ǴӺζʹǵ֣ȴãȻԺƺû
ϿŵֱŴԼ
ŹĹϲòƯ꣬ĥϿ֣ƷһʾԼĹȨ
ӹҲֻūϲŻᱻ֡
ֻزѪԭҲ´ڡ
ԭ˾µѪҲÿǿҲйűҵ
ٺΪ֡
кնء
ܵܽе


Լһ˵ʱЩʲô
նصص˼˻̧ͷǰ֪ʱȻ۵װŵǡ
ʲô
û壬ȴͻȻߵɳԱߴԼĳʳ﷭˺ܾãڷһƬ
ȻʺնأƬ𣿡
նֹѵôΣǰһ
Сӣ̰ͼָʳ
ǰȫԼģѪҺζģ٣˵ܶѪͦϲ
ز𿪺úնسһƬŽԵѪҺ¼ζ⻯ƬĿڸС
ģѳԡ
ôûƭɣ
ЩЦЦȻһƬ˺նصĻ
3ֽͷĽܷģѪҺ϶е𣬵˵һѪҺ伢õġ
նؾˣ˵ѹ
ΪƽڵϣȴΪǲòϰߵʽǿԼѪڰյĵ³ԽܵѪҺ
̾˿Цݡ
Ҫҡ
ġı˺ܶ꣬º͵նأҹúܺãȫܶຢӶϲ棬ֵģҴùµ͵ȫȥԼ¾ͺá
նسĬţȴѾ˶ôĵĻ⡣
ѵûذȫһˣȴ˶೤ʱҪߡ
۲ף˵
ôڵϹĻ𣿡
ͦõġ
Ǿͺãѣûأڼʱᵣûִ
£̲סЦˡ
ǵǴ𣿵㳳֮Լ͵͵Ӽܳȥҹûҵǵ﷢Ӿ󣬳ӲҪٳܼǵòҪƽϡҲǿħʦ˴ڣϺΣգһҪעⰲȫ
үүԱ߲ͣ߶߶նؾͰš
ͻȻƵغүү
ص߶
Ҹղż¹˹ƶˡ
նصۿͨ죬ҧأ¶һֻ΢СزͣţѹŵĿ̹Ǻ⣬һ·һ׽ǰɾ
үүѵ죬ȴʲôҲû˵
ֻǽס֡
ĸһ֧ź

--
鷿ﴦһֱȽϽҪĹģʣµȫߴһᵽԼסׯ԰֮ǰ⴫Ϣ˺նأһ֮뿪
ׯ԰λڳǽȫȶʱס
Ϊׯ԰õ廨ҪϣסʱҲҪʱһ˿Լõ塣
ׯ԰ֻԼסûʲô˼ɣֱӱ̬ҹɫͷ˽
ˣҲ˯˼Сʱ
ֱ˵ͼֿһĹġ
˾վͼߡ
߽ʮ׵ͼ벼ŵĶ飬һȥΪ׳ۣкܶ鶼Ǵӵ¹ģһղصġ
΢һʹƮϡ
򿪵˲䣬һƬ
ƬｻᣬƹµŮ΢Ц˫ֺʮԸ18ĳ
СƬ۵׷͵Ĺ⡣
ԭƬΪʱ˺þöûҵ

䱦ʧá
оһͻľϲ
ĵй˵Ŀġ
ûǽƬСպãһƬװ÷Լϡ
ٴǱ顣
ַ˼ҳ
ⱾħԴЩͷˣǵ¹ȿͬʱҪĽħ鼮
ҪħչԴ
ǧǰĵ۹ڹһιħչΪٵʱڣһǿѪһ塣
ֻϧʱϷչ񲻹໹Ѫ˻Ĵ˳С
ħԪѾΪ˹ȥ
ֻмһӵϰħ츳ѪҲֳͬơ

Ҳħ츳һ¸һȾΪһֻתѪ壬ɳٶȿĿЩס
һл͵ӵλѪѪ벻ϵ
飬ŷ
Ѫ崴ߺͺ֮Ȼϵ
ֻҪһڣܵһʱ֪ԼĴߡ
һֱڴܹԼĴߡ
˭ллԷ
Ϊֹûи֪ԷĴڡ
λصҹĴ

΢΢¶ǰףڤ۾Ȼȥõ԰
ޱ޼ʵĻõϵ׺峿¶飬Ρ
һĵľϵħõ塣
ͷЩħʦˣ׼鼤
Ųܱˣõġ
ѡÿһõ塣
̫Իûðͷس֮ǰȻص˾У
ڴ̨
Ԥ֮еشš
С۾һ˿Ρ
˯ʱϲش
һ·õ廨д̨ϣȻ̰ؿһ۴ϻ˯ŵŮ
һƲ˫ۡ
ϵŮţķ
Ů˫̵ۣĽëڰļһƬӰĽɫɢ䣬һĴ׵¶δڸǵĲ֣¶Ůѩ׶õߡ
ͨͨܿƵһתϢطɳ˴⡣
ħϴʱ˼롣
ַ˽ȥ
롭
ٿһۡ

ǵϢʧ
ޱ۾ƽشӴСóһѪ
һҧܣһߵд̨֧Ҵ峿¶õ廨
̲סп
һֻæµСء


15 
찲ȼÿ϶1901ܣ㳤̵ճޱ櫣˵˺ܶ࣬ҲͦϲģദҲ

ദģʽܹ֣˭Ҳ˭˵һʱȴĪһֳ/ҩζĴų
ѵõһϢգҶûпΡ
ģһ׼ʱ1901ңĿһڷŮǸӣȴԼоϵѹ֡
ȲŲأΪֻ֪ĲѪҪռ㡣
ңǺܼǳģֻѪ֮ǰĲ!
ȶݺݵصһ
һƷϺ࣬һͷҵͷţһһ
Ҳ⡣
ޱЩȥ֣ѰȴԼױ̨ǰͷ
ȹԹھǰ
죬ңϢ𣿡
˵ֶ϶ģȴʼʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
ҽҪȥѧԡ
ޱһ߻شһ߰ͷһСκһɰķͷϡ
ѧᰡ
ſڵ¾˵һȥ
뵽ѧı̬̲סЩίر˱졣
ǰ죬ȥǸɵƴһ٣ҵˣҲüǸ쵰ˣ֮ǰƭû鷳
ѧǸ̬ʵ˦֪֣ʰһ٣ȴĶ֡
ȻھУǱ̬ҲҴĵض֣ڽߣ鷳
ޱ櫿һӣûжʲôСԴˣվɡ
˵תͷղŽһֱվԱΧ۵ݡ
ݣҰҲױɡ
Щ޴룬𣿡
šޱЦŵͷѵϢգѧԺҲٰһЩͰȿԴƯƯȥ档
ݳܿɰ޶Ŀȴһһۿ崿ֻӡĺбʶȵĳࡣ
һͷŨƯĺ췢ֻϲͷ򵥱ɱӴԺҲϲʲôװΣأۿۡ
ֳŮӦú޻ɫһ𣬲ܳгԪͿɰ
ޱ櫲ϰ߱һɵıӣŨ纣һĺɫͷʱɢתСӣͬһ¤÷̶ʣĴƬͷټ̾һ£һʺõĹͷ;ˡ
ޱ櫴һ¾Ů˼һ£ָһɰֲױݡ
Ϳں˲䣬Լ˺֮ǰ˲˷츲صı仯
㶵ؿžƯǳϵŮգգɫĴ۾ŵָԼʣ𣿡
ȻҲôƯ
ص׼󣬼ĸͼǰ˵С̫ãմһһϦܸĹģҪýǽѬ²ת䡣
ҲȹŨ޵ױݡ
Եúܻ
ҲòʺԼԺԸԼ·Ҳκδ硣ֻ˭Ҳ֪Ľ䣬ݵĵһ˵Ա
ޱ˵㱾ͺƯֻǻױ͸Ưˡ
˫տɫ۾ʢųֿüԼһƯĹͷµطů
Īһ޵ĳ嶯
ӿ
ҲĿˡ
ͻȻʧصһסޱ櫵
أޱĲʹ

òװ˿ޱӵݣޱְһױݣοɲٿˡ
˺죬æͷ
ղֻǣͻȻһӾ̲סˡһֱޱȴô϶˵Ư
ϲõ壿һߵİȺȻһĨɫעд̨ϣָָ֧ƿĺõ塣
ޱҲ֧õ塣˼һ£Ȼ˵ͷţϲ
ĵ׵Сϼ㣬Ȼ۾˵Ժң͡
ֻҪǽϲģ
õ尡
ɻǵѧУֶֹ
͵İɣѹʱڴ̨ˡ
ޱϣ΢΢ͷƺ˻䡣
֮ǰڹűסʱ򣬴̨ÿ춼յһõ塣
˾У֧õ͸ű͵ҵд̨⻹Уһء
ǾУչ䱸һɭϣ˸ôͻģ΢ͣѵңĲǱ̬𣿡
Ľߣÿڴ̨һ֧õҲ̫˰ɣ׷ѧУˡ
ҧ̬ͬ
ޱ̬ˡ
ʱޱ櫷ķ䡣
ȻǵĶԻɳϳŮȻӲһ£һ˫īĺƽĺˮңһȦһȦĲơ
е
߷ޱЦһ£ݽ͵ӦǸħʦÿζħʹСõ壬ôҲû˺ҡ
ʵޱ櫵סÿ춼յ̫ҫˣ׷ĽˣҲΪ̫ˣԺܶ׷뾡취Լر𣬻ķʽرޱӡע⡣
һֱµͳһЩޱͨʵϲ֪ԼյЩ
ֱĳĴ̨ʼõ壬ޱ櫵һ֪Լÿһ֧õ塣
ʱݺȻҲ뵽֮ǰڼＵĻﻰҲ̸ޱЩ׷ǡ
ޱȦﶼųҵĽǧǶѣ׷ʤ
ļֻڼԴΪûޱ櫼סķûУԲ˿Ľ˵һЩŤĻ
룬ݾߵļԵֿЦ
ôһ˵һ
ԭһΪʲôƫִµÿ͵͵Ĵ̨õأ˵û͸͵أĳպ̫ˡ
ݸԼؿڣ£漴ָп
СģǾûʲôĵˣħСÿõʲôĻеءħðޱһӶȴѾַʽӡ󡣡
ݲˣɫصؿޱ櫡
̬
ħõʲôģ˿϶Ĳ죡
Ҫɱı̬

ŮһĶԻڸһ䣬̵ʰѾʰ˺ܶϣڷµĶüҪ
Ӷݻ
պ̬
ÿϷɵ̨õ
ûڴ̨͵ޱС˯Ҳ


16 
˿ʱ䣬Ҳõ׼ʱˣĸһҡ
ɫᣬԶޱԼȥѧǡ
Ǹ̬ϲÿԼԭϣһô졭
ңǸ̬㲻ȥҲûԵɵĶ㣬˾Ǹ񾭲һһ
УҪһ˱㣬ٵǸ̬㲻ܶġ
ţȵ߾ֱϡ
Ȼ֪ǰܸоǿԼҪǿöࡣ
ǴǱԼңһûв˵ζԷŲ㷴ضûС
һֻѪûͨƶ¼Уûǿ˵㹻Լ̵ʵ
Ȼ룬ǰȲòϣֻѪԽûж⣬ֵʱ磬Խά֮Լ
ֱĶʣҲȥѧ᣿
Ļʾ䣬ȴƶĿǡ
ƶվڷƶ¼ĵжԷžУǱŵѪϣҲҪػ㡣
ޱҲҲҪȥѧ𣿡
ţҪȥѧύһЩϡ
ǿһȥѧᡣ
ޱ櫺ܿĵһߡ
ͷӦˡ
ȰһԭϵǺ͵Ķɢ˺ܶࡣ
ô˵ڽߵĻǸ̬ʲôҲ϶׶֡
˵ݣͻȻߵ˵仰
ѵôһʱôƽͣһԵݺޱ櫿һ˵ĻЩȲѡ
ѧḱ᳤ŵ£Ǹ̬ܻᶢϣҽ㡣
Ȼûסס仰ػЩ
㣬
ҵȻᱣĮڴ֮ǰ㻹ȵһԼɣƶ¼ӦòŹˡ
֪ȸսһ٣ѾͷҲͦģĿ֮½˴ˡ
Ѫ±¶ݵȻһЩˮ׼֪ƣֻøݡ
ֻǰһ˽ΪȴϺͱѷƶ¼ûʲôˣ˵ȥ֮ΣھУѪݲ
ǸŵһֱǾУǱѪͳˣ˺ǹ޳ƾһǻصĳǸѧĸ᳤ǲ׷Źȡ
֪
ȵȻ֪ƶ²Ź
Ȼ˶ɵӣŲɵء
ʶ˷ƶµӪȫˣѾô㵽ʱͶԷʱѰӻ
ŰȻ޵صһ
ߣʲô˲ģһøǿʱŲٰʲô˰أ
--
ݺͰ˳ȥú棬ޱ櫺ͺǷֿȥѧķ
ѧ´¥һ㣬¥ѧĻֻ˵ѧУǮ·ŸѧȨҲ
ޱһֱ͵ԵĵȴҲߡ
ȥĵطϣ֮ٻ㡣
ޱ櫿˿Ŷӵ˵㲻õˣԼ¾Ȼȥɡֵҿܻкܳһʱ䣬ԼԵġ
ҵһȥҲû¡
Ҫޱ櫿ͻȻ˵ŮЦˣǺðɡ
ȴҵȴԵ˶ⰵشλϵޱ櫡
ͬΪŮӵղݲԾˡ
ŮҲ̫ˣһվﻭͱ˶ǲһġ
ղݲɵĬĬ̾ôƤôףͷô࣬۾ôأ
У۵˲ټǰôûоĴôÿأ
ޱƽʱױѾݰ㹻ƲۣΪ򵥻˵ױŴǷ
һŮڿԼޱƽ͵ضЦЦ
ղû뵽Լ͵ûˣˢһ¾ͺһ͸ķѡ
û뵽ǣŮȻЦˣ
裬
ղݸоԼһܾͻٶȹҪȥˡ
ղŵĵȴﻹЩ̸˵ޱ櫽֮ĵȴȴȻðޱȣ˭Ҳ˵ˡ
ʶޱ櫵ѧĵװʶޱ櫵Ѿ͵͵ȥ̽˭ˡ˱ָֻɿƶԼ죬ּҪԴ㷢Լĵļ
ղݲһĻԼûôˣϾĴŮ˭Ҳû취ƽľҲʵ

ȴԵ˺ܶ࣬ԵٶȺܿ졣
˵˵̵̲ʱ䣬ŵޱ櫵ĺ룬ڼһֱҲûлޱ櫲Ǳʲôµˡ



17 
кźԼޱ߽ȥԡ
ʿޱ櫵ʱ۾һҽ˵Լޱ櫡˹صʱԱ鶼仯ˡ
绰ǧҪչһµĺùˡ
ÿģĵλ˵һ趼ϲҪ˱¾Ͳûؼˡ
ԹһλһŮ
мλ׾˹ģŽ˿۾ǻ᳤ˣָʾޱȥһߵõԾֽʡ
᳤ҲŵǰϿŸ᳤ְλְŵ£һƯԣƯұȴţһŮΪ֮ҵĻˮࡣ
ޱ̧ͷʱһۣԷоһĲ
һλʣĿǿ׳Ҳһޱ櫿־֪ǰı硣
ԹΨһŮкȣҲʮƯ޵һܿüۼŵǿơ
ޱ櫵ͷԼȡԾһѶȼΪ̬ѧ⡣
Ҫӵʱ
ѧԣޱҲЩ⡭
ѹָղԵٶô죬󣬴ʺܶ˿ѧĵһ۾±ѡˡ
Уѧձ鶼ڶʮ£еĶǴѧҵ֮ģ˰ûкѧйϵˣķеޱ櫼û
˭ó
ޱҲԲѧ⡣
ԺתԾԼĿ˼룬̵ͳֻ⣬Ŀŵؽ𰸳˾ϡ
ڼûһ˳ľٶޱһɣ֪Լ¶ˡ
᳤һĨЦ⡣
ôãһûôˡ
֮ԴͬС죬ǹٷ򵥵˼֮Խˡ
ޱ櫸һ߳Է䣬߹޵ĺѧһ飬Щ˷ܵѯˣô
ԣޱ櫺⡣
ʵȻûʲôϾǱԼչ˵ˣЦ˵ҾòǲűŮ٣Ǽͺһ˶ˣѧͶѧ˽Ӵ̬Ȳˣѧˡ
ΣյؿɭȻвζ˿ǰ˵һ
ʾͶЦҴˣʲôû˵
ŵҲͷȷʵ
ϾôƯɲżڳһܳΪƷ
ĻһƯϴ񵭵Ц⣬䣬۵ȴһĨܵĹ⡣
û˵
뵽ֻ𰸾ѾȽԵ˶Ҫǿˡ
ùޱ櫵ļϸһ飬ԽԽ⣺ǸרҵѧҾȫԼҵĳԱ
ϵ֪ҺЩ˶ˡ
ԴʦΪ٣Ѿһʱ䶼ûл
ѧУںܶΪѪ־˵ѧԱҪѯԭʦȱϯУʦһϸ̸ӣҲûҵʵĽʦ
ֻܸѼϼܣѧļŮż̸ӲͷƤˡ
ԼͲʲôƢˣѧﱾٵŮԸҲҲǿƵ͡
Ǽȥ̸⣬Ϊǡ
ںòôһһԸĵŮУҲǺܺĺðɡ
ŮҲܴƾԼԡ
ȵޱ櫵ļһߣȻһҪս
--
ޱǰŸձнȥԣͻˡ
ԵʱһֱվԷⰲصȴ
ޱһ򿪷ſľüһ䡣
Ѿ𣿡
š
߰ɣҵҲˣŻҪٵ֪ͨ
ǰ˵ޱŻûбʱϡԵķպ·һ߰Ŀ⣬̧ͷúİŵ¶ߡ
ƿߣɫߵޱ櫵һࡣ
֮ʣȴȻͷһۡ
ɫ۾Ѫı뾯档
֮󣬰ŵ»þöŵķ
˵ֻУ֪·Ѫ
ղ˵
ҲҪأôźأ
Ư޸ֳһĨЦ⣬ƫڷɫֱǰ˻ӡ
٣ŵ£ӶˣأüŪ۵ЦŴȤ
ŵջߣ̹ȻϾģ
ͬĵ˵ͷǵǡ
ûλ˹С㻹Ҫÿˣðŵ³ԱȣҲԶԶȲ
޳ڵȻ˵򣬵𺳵վõζ
λ˹С㣬ϾͲֻӵе˵ʲôһȻ˵ʣǼͻõԾرȻȥעĿ׷
--
ѧ¥ޱ櫺˼粢żһߣ·һûһš
ȥôôʱ䡣
ޱŤͷԼҪһЩĺڷŮͻȻʵ
ǼעСӵҲкܶ࣬Ŷ˷һʱ䡣
Ѿö𣿡ޱЩȵؿ
ûУֻעСӵλáЩڵתͷȥĬ룬ּҴݼ룬Ը𣿡
ޱ櫵۾΢΢ȻûԤ뵽ݣǸרҵģ֪ģսΪ0Ժȥ񣬿Ҳڶﲻʲôæ
ûϵһ鲻Ҫ˶ܳȥս
֮ǰһ䣬ֻϸһ˿ԼٵĲ
𣿡ޱգգۣ뿪Цһ顣
ȴõһ֣صĻش
Ҽ֡
ޱЦðսϵϵĵһܺռ˴ˡ
ݵԸҪȥûа취
š
ֽʲô
Ǿޱ
ޱظһ֣

ѧ֮󣬲Ҳ˳緹ʱ䣬·ȥһԷޱ櫵ͷӦˡ
֮һӡ
ޱ櫶ǰ棬ǳһڣûҳԼĺóԡ
˾У֮ڼÿ찴ĳԷһ͵سԣԶ˾ȻҲܱЩʳζóԲó
ԷŮޱзһĨЦ⡣
ЩЦ
Ѫ壬ȴҪԷǰװˡ
ţҲȻЦ
Цʲô
̧ͷǰЦü䣬񾲵ӣֻ©һġ
ޱ櫿ԽԽЦЦݲԾ
ûʲôֻǾúܿġ
⣺ʲô
ޱ櫣һԷܿġ
Ųӵֲɵ΢΢û˵ʲôԻҲȻֹ
ֻڵͷʱڶŨܵĽë޴¡
˼ǣһܿġ


18 
ѧԽĺܿ죬ڵڶޱ櫾յͨĶ֪ͨ
ֹ֮˼죬ѧ֯һμᡣ
ޱȻҲҪȥμӡ
ǰѾᵽ1901ңܵͷͬ£ޱ櫺ݻЩ⣬֪֮䷢ʲôദ𽥱úͻȻǶԱ˴˶ЩԣԸоû֮ǰĵ⡣
㣬㿴𣿡
һ磬ΨһյǼ䷿ź̽һֻͷ
ȶһͷҵͷ˯Ҳɿ壬Ǹ𴲡
Сܼţƽ糿ʱ磬ÿ춼С̫һɢůĹԺ𴲣׼ͣǽ찲һȴûи֪Ϣ
ޱڳΣȳĻشǽûΣһһӳţ֪ȥˡ
ô˵ޱȴǸζḽһһƽʱﻹмҲֻɵЦ
û´Ļݴ͵͵̸һӦҲȥǸˡ
ǲ²⡣
Լ˽£֪ޱҲ˵
õװ̧̣ͷһ۰ȡ
ҼǵпΡ
ȱǺһϵģѵӪӶǰŵġϿλͬпΣȻҲС
ͷʶ㣬֪Լ㲻ޱ櫵ʱȴһĨЦͼȻء
㣬ҽ죬е㲻˯ͷˡ
ţƺ뵽ʲôĽڣװģؽȭͷڴ˺ѷεؿ¡
ȼЩʱġ
ôޱҲ˵ĻúϢɡ
ȵ۾һĵ׷
ʵͲȥϿΣΪû˼Щѵɵ˵ϰ˶Ҳû˿Ҳÿװģȥѧ
Ҳ½̹鷳
տѧΪ˺ᣬѵʱ̹ٿĥˬֺͽ̹ٴһܣǰ»˳ȥ
ƤҳòѧУҲ˧һܶ˶ʶ´ûͦ㣬ö˶֪
ڽӶŴȥ֮սϵѾû˸ҹˣЦ
˵ǰ찲˵Ҫkߵʱ¥ǸԱҪӯǳĵذŰȴҲСħѧԺһˡ
Сħ첻µز¡
½ԡ
ˣϴǵóȳԡޱ˷ݵΣԼǷݴһߴ·ϳԡ
ΣЦģæͷ
Ϊݲڽ糿Բó˵أ׼͡
ǽ׼
ޱ櫿Ǹ˵üҪЩЦ治֪ƶ¼ôôһֻԵѪġ
ʳ﷽ûʲôƫãʳﻹѪҺֻǻҪĻϡ
ǰȴϲֺóԵʳǸʵʵĳԻֺϲһļϣǵĹϵദԽԽá
Ҫ𣿡ȿޱ˰ʵ
ţҪȥѧᡣҪµĻԸ绰ˣһҼǵùԹԵģ¡
ޱҲŷ֪ѧӢ¼ȥ˭ܣһ䡣
ȥѧᰡ
˲أǹԹԵͷܹһޱ櫣ļϹƵĲ˲ԼԴ
֪ˣ㣬Ҫעⰲȫ
ޱ˳ͷָгĺá
ѧܰȫ
ðݵһվֱӡ
˫۵ɵԲԲĶࡣ
ѧб̬
Ҫעⰲȫ
Ϊ̫˵ûͣ١
ã֪ˡ
ޱЩЦãĵȴԼ
ǰʱǻһµĺӣϵֺӣ˼άƫƫǿƻжԹơ
ǿڳ˿֮˼ɵȥ֪⺢û۹ͷῼ̬ԡ
һЩԽ
ǰƭҽ㣬ʵʵվ۸ģƶ֮ԽؼţƾôҲ޼¡
Ϊһֻƶ¼ѪԸ治֪ôֵطôġ
ޱס۵׵ĸµ̲סͷ
--
ᱻѧ¥5һܴĻңޱȥʱλѾ˺ܶˡ
һޱ櫾غк
ޱ櫡
λ
㻹ǵԵʱ򡭡
ޱ櫵˵ͷҼǵ㣬ѧ㡣
Ȳµޱ櫿ܻԼЩӡ󣬵û뵽ܼǵԼ֣Ưƽܴŵİʧ̲סعһĨЦݡ
ԱѧϳԱ˶Щࡣ
⻹ǸµȫŶŷɥĺ
ĺϵ
˵˭ޱ櫺ϲ
Խ죬Ⱦ;ԼԽϲŮ˵ᣬȴ̲סҪ׽
ˣȣҪһ˰ռ˹С㡣Щ;ü춼ûлᡣ
ô֪ʲôʱôһˡ
Ժŵطһۡ
Ҳ˵аһȺ׳һˣôء
ʻǴչޱһ졣
Ϊ̸ıðϤĩ˵ʱ򣬸ĵسգգ۾ޱ鷳˾ҰæʲôɵĻؼҰһŹҵġ
㶼֪ж£
ʲôõĻ䣬һµӡ
˵ʲôأޱ櫹ؿǸĹ
ƽʱദУֵһֱһرСŮӣһͻĶܴܵľš
ԼߵļŮӶ׺ҪͣװĿݣޱҲһǹ治ӣüӲǱԼ
֮ǶһȺֿɰŮӣҪĴڡ
۸ʣһôǿ׳ô˼Ƥ˵İ۸
ܿһ̺˼ѵ죬ֹվʲôû˵
ֻ⸡ֳһװıðڼǼĻ桭
ͣԸЦ

һμ򵥵Ž˸տʼЩʽɻ᳤̨ӭ´ǣһԺѧĹ⡣ʣµʱҶģϤס
̶һʱ䣬ޱǰѾһһҪϵʽͬѧ
ܻӭޱ櫡Ȳɵøпһ䣬˵ţȴûһ˿Ľ뼵ʣϴһɵı顣
۹ȻǺãе˶ܿá
ޱ櫺ƢĻ߲ܼ˺ܶ˵ϵʽ
;Ŀȴע⵽һ
ҽ˵вкЩ׽˵ĸ׺˹عͬţޱòЦҲϵʽ
ͷȦܸɾ涼һЩʱѧķʲôۼ
ޱϵ
ǺһǸк
ƺǲޱ櫶Լע⣬֣ȴЩ͵⣬ȻҲʶλڹȦպա޵˹شС㡣С߰úܣӸҲòһ
ûĻղڿɣ
ѲǶ˼
Ժţͬʱһ󲻿Ƶ˷ܡ
ļһ㣬̳һϲµĹԱƽ罻벻ȥõȦӣЩȦ㡢߸ϵǧүǻͶԱɱĿ⣬мһ˺ѡ
ƴ׷Ůڿ
˿̲ĵõ˼㡣
֪ԼһŻ㲻ƽϲһЩѧ裬ĿװһװܻǳСŮɶ˻ذ
ǽĴС㣬ҲǸŮ˲ǣǰֻԶԶޱ櫣˽ǲ˿ŵľûޱǿ
ͻȻһֻ𣬿˵֣һĨۿɼĲͷ
߳ȥӵ绰
ޱ櫵һֱעȥԵĺ˸ȥϴּĽҲȥ
ҪҪһȥС
ˣԼȥ
ޱɫ΢죬Щ˼ЦЦܾ
ȱȵһȴ̲ס˼£ԭŮޱҲ캦ߣַĻܿɰ


19 
˵ȣһεĹսǣº͵ѹŲͷ
ݣ㲻ΪЩ
ϴβ˵֪æҲûܺú˵Ҳ㣬ֻ͸ͣ˳㹧ϲ˳ѧᡣ
ŮָŷУʹԵЩ޴롣
ŴҶ˯ͣһ͵͵ڷ֮ǰޱ櫸ױķԼ˸ױڴֺߵ
ûǰױ
һ·ֲһ֮ʲôӦȴΨ뵽ôͷ
ˣԴŲҲУ֮󣬾Ѳ𽥱Į
ʵҲи²⣬²ⲼѾûôϲˣԸȥʵ
һôϲһˣص׼ҵʱ˶۳ЦֻвԸ⿿˵ɰдŹĿա
Ĳһõꡭ
ˣҵıķÿ첻䷳ΧҵߣûԼİú罻𣿡
Һܴѹ
ˣǰġ

߳Ųݵͷɫ԰ףЩ΢΢

ΪʲôñǸأ
ڵĲĿǰʺҲô̶
΢΢ӣһķꡣ
֮ǰϲ⸱޴ִӣֻüֻܿĴ壬Ը⻨һЩʱ侫ȥʿʧŮĹ¡
Ī⸱ΨΨŵŵӡ
Ժܻ᲻Ծֳޱ櫸߹ŵӣԱȣһСǲ̨档
һǷְɣݣһʵܹϵ̫ˣʴӡ
ҧԼĴĬ˺ܾã̧ͷ̲סһһֱĵ׵⡣
ǲŮΪʲôǲ˵ǷҪأ
֮ǰÿҲǻ˵Ľ˵
ӿѧһֱ֮ĹϵͬѧǰǰΪԼıá
׾ӵױݣһʱڶԸڵ
ݣӦúúÿԼ㲻ƯҲɫƽһ˭ῴ㣬ϲ㣿
ǰܸҵôأ֪ĴֻᳰЦҡͲ𣿡
û뵽Ĵ
Ȧˣ촽ڶ¡
ţ֪ʲ㶪ò𣿡
ƲͷĮǣϲ㣬ϲ㵥ɰϧѾû˹ͬԣǻֿǶԱ˴õġӦԼҪΧҴת
ۿתỨ˿һСϪЯű˽ʪݵ½
æŹĸͼ̽ҲϲΨһһϲҲ
һϲһˣֻ֪һζĸ޲ðԼͳǸ˺һٺһ㡣
ϲˣֻƮƮļ仰ҲԽԱԨ
ġ
ô
ûٶѿ࣬ת뿪²֪ʱŮӱסԼڼžзһ
ȫ̵ޱҲѲ֪ʱüûгѡ뿪
ݣҪ˿ԼǱӡ
ңԼϲһˣôʲôҲ޲
--
Ⱥ죬ʿҲչ
᳤ŵǼһôû
ش𣺡ʱ³ȥˡ
ҡͷп治ǻְһ˫СӶӳܴˣǸƴɡ˵ŵ¿ɲܼôƵĽˡܿһСҲҪˣʱҲøСһЩĻᰡ
ȣû´ĻӦɱ֮ǰֵֻsѪɣ
˵ͷ
Цˣŵ²ӣҲӲ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
У治֪ŵǸСǳʲôģǻƿһģսȴ˭Ҫ¡
׳ôͷҲ򲻹ŵ¡
ǺųУս컨塣
ȿһЦ᳤ҪһսﵽŵˮƽӣܳΪѪجΡ
ʵǺͰŵ»һؾ롣
ѧУﲻսϵħϵѧÿ춼ƴԼսϾսУʵһСƫƫǵĻ᳤ѵԼûôġ
Ҳѧ᳤ĹЩϵ
ճæýŲմأȷʵҲ̫ʱȥԼ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ʱޱ櫻ˣȴһ¸λ
ֲίض
Ȼʲô㳤ô׳һռ˵Ŀռ䣬ﱾޱ櫵λá
ޱ櫶˸кͺ졣
ǸϴºЦӣǲ֪ΪʲôȾǾޱϵЦ֮ǰһЩ䡭
滹ϳԱһ۲͵Ļڡ
ѧ¥շܶ࣬רŵľͲʹʳУһǼ
ѧУҲͻ᳤Ȩˡ
մ˹⣬ѧĳԱǶ˷ܡ
Էʱ֪ôޱһͺʳʱЦŲ˻⡣
˹СҲϲ𣿡
ǰҾҲһһֱҪѧϰֻ򵥵Ρޱòػش
ڻյŮѾˡ
Ҳѿڶһ乧άĻ
ޱ櫵Ц
ֻǽֺüβͺȵĶԻͣŪԼѧʶޱϲĵӰ鼮ੲݣ롣
Աߵĺǹ˼ԼѧݣʱҪ̲סˡ
ΪʺϣϱĳԱ඼Щн١
ʣ²ԼϲؽԼ¼ΪԼĬȤҲòһЦ
ޱеĲ;ߣͻȻƽشݽ
ͬѧԼ֪ʲô𣿡
ţ
΢㶣仰ʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣ㿴ͨǳͽܲҶ˵ЩȤĶû˿Ȥԣ㰲һ𣿡
һ˵ҲºޱȣƯϴ˿̻Ц
˭Ҳı̱
⵱λε裬òʱ࣬޵ݡ
ʣۣ
ȣÿᣡ
ͬѧ˹СҲŶ


20 
һһεĴһ꼶ҪμӣǿһȥϿΡ
糿ޱ櫿ۿγ̱תͷ˵רҵҺˣʻᱻ뵽սϵӪ˵ܺһѵء
۾ϣ㣬һӪӣ
˵ʲôƵģ־ؿһ
պǶӪӣƽʱ̹ҲǻһѵҪǺһӪӣҲҪһѵ
ɶ񰡣һ㶼ֻͼıѪ㣡
û뵽쵰ȻҲǰȫˣ䣡
ʶͶǸѡ
Գǰȫˣһ㵹ǲ٣֮ǰҲû˵ԼѾݽͷ
֪ϢʱĲûԼ뵽Լǰҫһ㡣
ֲʱôôо쵰ıЩ֡
϶͵͵Цˣ
ĺܲģȴֲòϾڳ˰ȫҲû˭Ҹƶ¶Ÿˡ
غܴһЩΪ֪ĽףĿǰʱάűϵĺƽ
վǱϵġ
һ漰㣬ԾǾԺվڵжԷġ

ݽһ˴ڳ׼ͣĬţԵЩʧǣǰһ˸߲ҵؼǵ졣
С̫һʧȥԪ
ޱ櫿һۣ߹ȥһ͡
ʲô֪عĵ㻹ɫ̫ãҪҪϢ
ݳһѿЦе㲻̫ޱܰ𣿡
ޱ櫵˵ͷ
տɫ۾Щ
һֱ죬һֱûж˵ʲô
һ˾ۿɼ״̬ǳãޱ̽ȥˣʲôԸ˵
ݣ𣿡
ϣͻȻͷ
ûаҡҡͷֶŰȳһ͸ղһѿЦݡ
СȻǶƶ
ʵȶԱ˵֪
ͦϲݵģչȥ˻Լȭͷǲ˭۸ˣҰ
ݵȦһºˣæͷֱһᡣ
ޱ櫵ݹȥʲôˣݣǺܵ㡣
û˵Ҳ
ŴҶԼеĿ⣬ݵͻȻ֮ĸˡ
ǶԴ˵ԼͲ֮¡
ջ׼ʱ򣬲ѣůˣŸײУ
ǲȴͻȻ䵭˷֡
ޱ̾
һĹĻûжԲİ䲻õֻƮƮһԷϲβ׶УԶ֪ʲôί
ޱĪЩ
֪֮һڷ˺ܾãԭôʱڷ˼Լ
ǳǸϰ
ޱޱĵһ໰һ໰ˡ
ΪǸĺ£ѾʼԼˡ
Լֵñ˵İ
ޱѾٶˣû̸ɫɫˡǸеĻһһ׵ģpuaݡ
תͷɻؿһޱ櫡
оͻȻˡ
ΪʲôҪϲǸ˲ϲ
ȻôϲĻǾͰ˵֫öϣȻ͸ˡ
϶ҲҶ䵭ˡ
ΪݲҪĻûҪˣʱһѧֺݣݿİɣ
ȵͷԽԽá

뱨ҲöԱίͻȻʵ
1901ңϺİȣ˶ǾޱСӡ
ݣһ˫ƽˮ
ֻҪݿڣͻֶòܵĥԲһкκιϵ
ѽҸˡ
Ϊ΢΢Щ죬ЦĨᣬȴܿƵࡣ
Ҷ̫ˡ
ҲᱨҲûʲô˺ҵ¡ֻǲϲˡϲ˭ɣľԼϲ
ݿǣۿ֤һŬġ 
ޱ櫳ĬƬ̣ͷǸԺӡ
ǻһЩʣЩΪԼȥѹֳޡ
ѪͲ
ƺó
˭˺ǣǲݵҲҪȥ
Ҳģѧݵͷ
ԣԣޡ
Χ߹ӿһů⡣
Щʱ˵ġ
Ȼ˰һͷӦеȣݰĶͷСһµ㣬˼άĪɢһ£Լͷǿĵģ˿ڰȵ¾ͻᷢйɵ
뵽ͻȻ̲סЦˣ䲻Цһݡ
ָıݹЦ
ޱҲ۾
ûЦ˫ڵȴɼʢЦ⡣
ģһ±

ϢޱȥϿΣŽڵǸӪ
ðȺܲġ
ѵĶˣһһС顣Ī˹Ƕ̹ٷԸ˸ӪӵСӳӪӵͬѧһһѵ
Ī˹ǸƹҲԼķؼӣϺȵ΢졣
Ե۹ϷһԱ뺷壬ǾƲ֡
ԱߵǶػ˻ԼǰĿһ䣺ƹ
Ī˹ƳһۣƲƲ졣
ٽ
Ī˹Ѹ÷ԸĶԸˣȻͻλεľԶһϢȥˡ
ͶӪӵĽ̹Ƕϵá
ֻӪӴǸλ÷ֺõģŵӪӸպþͷֵһ顣
ǰѧѧУȺеû¸ɵĸ߲쵼ι۵ģҲʲô߸ʽѡ
Ī˹Ų￴ǶŻ
ϧǣûԸҵһ徲ĵطȾơ
ΪǶҲߵϢˡ
Ī˹͹һھƣɨһۣſ׾ϻһ۵İɫɴɵЩֻ
ֱ̫ס
Ƕ̹ٸܵһðĸо
ĵЦһߵĪ˹ǰЦһعĵ
˵ܺѳȥ˰û°Ī˹̹٣
Ī˹΢Цû¡
Ūӣ
ҲأǶ̹û°ɣ˵÷մ̹ٺݿɽ̹ΪؼҴܣʧְˣƯɱˡ
ǶҲЦллģҲû¡
ǵŪɵơ

Ѻýһ
ֻǣʱ䲢ûгãͱæѧˡ
̹٣ˣ
̹٣Ӫӵ˺ͶӪӴˣ
ѧҴҵܹͷ󺹵ҵĪ˹Ƕͬʱ˵
Ī˹۾һƶˣæʵ˭Ӯˣ
ǶҲԼӪӵǸͬѧ
ͬѧհһ¡
һĪ˹Ͱ˵ӦãӦˡ

--
̹ѧԼȥѵʱ򣬰Ⱦ;ԼĻˡ
ѡΪԼĶ֡
ģ򶷵ĶӪӵ˶Χۡ
֮ĽַǳʣֻǵԽԽף϶ʼҲʵʱΧ۵ԽԽԳֻǼддķΧ
СӳŻæȥ˸ԵĽ̹١

Ͱ˶ԼѪõҲУ֮ѧʽȵľȭš
Ҳû
ЩƣıȲˣȥѪֻԼȻҲˡ
ô㣿

Ī˹һֱͦϲӪЩЩͷѧùѧûʲô˼һĵĺ
Ī˹ԼʱԴ´ǸͦϲԼӪǸҺִܵСġ
Ȼڵϣɥӣ߹ȥ߰ο
һβʲô´ٸɷѾġ˵ŻʹݹȥԼİķؼӣһڣ
ȱۣô
ЩƵĻһ߿νǽȻ෴á
Ƕ̹ٶЦһͣ佱ѵĲڵˮƽѾԶһ꼶ˡ
úӣ

ǶоԼ˶ˣĵشչȥаʾС˵ͬѧȻˣҿ׼ǰȥʣµòμˡ
ܾĺ⡣
лл̹٣ˡ



21 
ޱ櫵ȻҲͰȴˣûΪ֪Ƕִ֪硣
ִ֪硣
ҲվһΧۣԶԶ
˶ֻг̶ȴܣ˿Ҳῴʲô쳣
̹ٻ֮Ǽѵ
һ飬ޱûдͰȥд裬ǣҲû˭Ըӡ
Ƕ̹Ҳ̫ϾսϵѧԼлѵ
Ҳô˵һʱ
ޱ˭Ҳûѡ
ĽԼһѵȺԱ߿
Ƕӣһ׼ɻ֮ʲôʲô
ڰȣ˭Ҳܲ
ޱΪ⣬ѵǿȺܵͣˣЩԲ
£ϰƤɹ͸ŷۺɫŨܵĽɫһβǵļͷʪ
ͳһװѵǼ򵥵ľɫ䱳ĺԲʿ㣬¶ݰ׵ĸ첲
ǶӪӵŮԶԶһѵʱʱʱ߿һۡ
·һģ˹С㴩ôôÿأ
ȻԼҲŮĿǲԾô죿

ȥ
ȥɣҿƲñŵ
Ůʲô˼ģôô˰
ȥ
ȣҾǻҸƵȥɡ
~
;Ϣʱ䣬ŮӾһһƿˮȥɹƯСɫƤ϶Щ΢΢졣
ȥޱˮǶ˼
ѡһ࿴Щɰ޺ŮȥִŮӲͷƤߵޱǰˮʱ⼸ҪγѪ
лл
ޱ櫽ӹˮ
öģӪ﷢ģÿ˶СŮش
Ȼÿ˶УҲûҪ͹
ޱ櫵ЦЦûнҴ
һº𣿡
ޱתߵĵطԼó˼Ƭɫװı
Ϊ
͸㡣˵һԶǼ˲װµŮӣǡ
ŮصԼߡ
һȺŤŤŮӴһ֪˵Щʲôţżöޱ櫵Ŀ⣬᲻˼Ťͷ
ɰ
ޱ櫲Ծﴽ
--
ѵãޱԼһѵ˻Ϣһ
ʱͱ˼ѵ
ͷϵĴ̫سܵʱԼеŲסˣȴ͵͵ע⵽ޱȫ̸
سѵĿ֮󣬽̹ٴôҼϢһ
ޱڵϣɫ԰ףβͷҲЩɢңˡ
Ĵƫƫֹǿ
ˡ
̲סеżôѵȥ˹С϶Ųס
ԱߵȻҲע⵽ˡ
ҲЩģ˵ҪȥǶٰ̹ɣ
һ
۾ҿС

Ⱥޱ櫸һӪӣ벻ԶܿӪӵѵ
ޱȺʵͻܵһʱڶ˵п
ȻҪȥǶ̹飬ǱϾǶӪӵˣеԲ˳
Ǻ;·˼ҲȥǶ̹ٵŮ
ǾǼޱˮŮ
еţϵģȥ˻һʲ֪˫ͼȻһµġ
˹Сס¥£ǻڵöˣǻЦʱ˻к簲
Ů죬ȻҲǹޱ櫣ȽԼôʶޱ櫵ġ
ǵһڵޱСʱվ˾ˣ治֪ʱ᲻ʲôֵˡЦᵽǵһʱȤ¡
ŮǱôЦ׷׿
ЦֶĽĿ⿴ǡ
ǵǡ
ǰĴһ²һΣ´һѵҪһˡ
ǰҺѵţ˹СĴŮһҺȻҲѵûôˡ
ĺᰡʹ˵ָ߰ĹСһ㶼һҲôʹһ

˵ޱСѧᣬԺĻỹͦģһЩΣ˵ĻҲġ
ȰοЩʧŮ
һټѵҵ˺һλŮ̹Ƕ̹١
Ůߵһ˵Ŀյϡ
۾׷ض
ֱǶֱë
ʵǲǴʲôɣ
ȿȣ̹٣ӪﲻǱֵһרҵŮͲսϵѧȴһѵ̫ðɣ
ޱˮǸ࿴޺Ůվɤӣָļ
ģܵʱصɳǾȻһأҸղſɫ԰׵ЩӲŰ
żŮؿʼ˵
̹٣ǿǸ鷳ĹС㣬һεѵǲǸ鷳𣿡
һжսҴô찡˵ǹҵǧ𡣡
ǰһӡ
ϵѧҲѵ߸ŪŪУ쵼ֱһѵǶλСʲôɣǿ˵𣿡иµ
˺ˡ
߶ŮǶֱۡ
֮ǰû뵽һ㡣
˵ֵޱֻ֮˵ѵѹû뵽ôʵһ͵ظѵ
ô£ѧóĲ͵
ȷʵҲλĹС㡣
ǶŮǻض飬ԼҲæȥҵޱ櫡
㱾Ͳսϵѧʲһѵ׼Ҳһѵ̶Ѿ㹻ˣ͵Ϊֹɡ岻ȻϢ
Ƕޱ櫽еһ߶˵
ע⵽԰׵ɫĵȴԾ߿Ůһۡ
ŮûЩͨĸ߰ѹЩƢ˵϶õŮѧĨǵذ˵
лл̹١
ܲɹ̫ޱ櫵Ȼ⡣
ûֻѪϲ⣬ȻڵѪձѾûʲô˺Ȼǲϲ¶ȡ
ǼŮ͵͵۲Ƕ˵
ޱʰ뿪ʱϴЦ۾һģۿɼһܿĵӡ
Ů¶һοЦݡ
ĪоԼһ£ĵͻȻӿֳɾ͸ô£
--
ޱ櫻ңͰȻҲһȥˡ
ѵʱһֱޱ߸ٶܡûȰʲôһ˫ڵ۾ȴǱŵġ
ޱһҾϴһ裬ϰż֭ɫͷ׵ģǳÿ
ġ
Ѿչȥ۰ͰͶſˣһСèӡ
ѾԼǱˡ
һۡ
ֻܺһ̫˻
ޱҲһ˳ζģܺúȡ
˸Ĵָ϶úȣ
¶һ΢СĲ̫ԵЦżޱǰ¶ЦݣʱƣЦۿɼԽԽˡ
ãҿԺɣ
ϣؿ
ֲ࣬⡣
װ
ںݱʾԼԼǱøȺȵʱְζһġ
ݵɫȽ糿˺ܶ࣬˵ޱѵ£¶һҵı顣
ٻͦ˵ӹһ١
绰ͻȻ
ޱ櫷¹ֻ֭ҡ
űٴȻֽյķţե֭ϵЩԾս
ղŵ֮ǰޱֻһ
Ӧĳ˵ר


22 
ޱΪ˽ͨ绰һ·ߵ¥Ļ԰ΪҶڻԵʣƬտ
һǧ
ֻԾ˼֡
衣
¶ûиҴε绰ءޱ櫵ָǧĦǲԾһЩζ
Ǹޱ櫣̫æˡ绰ͷ˵
ޱ΢Ц۾ͨ绰졣
ǧϣСҲŲԾػΰΣ
ûϵͺܿˡ
ôܻأ
ޱʵ绰ʲôҪ𣿡
绰˹ط˵ηżٻؼҵʱҪȥűˣֱӻؼҰɣʱ˾ȥ㡣
֪֮ǰѾҷˣһؼҵġ
ĬƬ̣ޱͻȻֻ˵裬Ҳ֪¾ͿҪżٻؼˣѾԤԼ˲ʱһȥԷ𣿲׺ã
绰ͷƺҲĬޱĵصȴţȻŮ˵
Ǹޱ櫣粻ڼҵʱȥɣҲ֪СƢ֪ǳȥĻҪˡ
ڵǸˡ
ŻĻǧͣ
ޱ򴽣տɫ۾ﲻִʧ䣬Ƕ˹ط˵ûϵ
绰ܿҴҽˡ
ޱ櫶ǧϴһ˻̳һɫС֪˭
߹ȥŵ԰
ذ׵ָƺϸĹ⣬һš
ǶСﳤ˸绶ҡ
ޱС
ҪúŶ
--
ż죬뿪ѧУΪ׾Կؼˡ
ײʵԼλʧɢŮģҲһֱֲ֮Ĺϵ
ߵʱޱӵһ
Ҫ룬ĺĵĻҲҪƣйҲźãȿѧҴȥ档
ݵͷرһޱ櫣ɿۿԾֺˡ
ֻŸжûע⵽ޱ˵ѧ֮ȥ仰
ҲߣҲͣż졣
ȱʳɳϣ˵Լżٲ뿪ѧУ
Ȳɵ֪ԼһУţ̾ͻᱻƶ¼ˡ
ѧУﲻȥѧкܶࡣ
ΪкܶѧǿԽ۹ͼģеļԣ߰ķɴƱѾЩ̭ķɻƱ
Խ˶ĵطȫġ
˵֮ǰֻѪѣԼҲ뵽
ȷ߷ߴһ±뵽Ȼǰȫˣ͸ˡ
ôôСأ
֮ǰ˴Э飬ȫɰȣҲͬ1901ҴޱߣΪӦĴۣȱĻ
ûôԥͬˡ
ֻҪ˺£ʲôܽܡ
ֻʼӦʱûôĸܣ֪ͨĿǸʲôʲôƩηżУ
ȻԼҲ֪뿪ѧУȷѡ񣬵ѻðᵽһּ¡ɼĸо

--
ޱ櫣ڷżٵѧи飬Ҫȵڶ糿ߡ
û˵ʲôֻ˵ԼҲǵڶߡ
ңȶŰŵºһ͡
˵˫СɱѪʧˣŵµСӻʧһλԱڰο
ǿsѪʧҲҲ̫ϣѾˡ
ŵֱϻźıȻˡ
ɫЩأû֮ǰǸǴĵЦ⡢ɵӡ
Ҳļʲôû˵ȴһжڲС
ʻ֪ϢʧһԱֻ˺ȣֻ֪ŵʧˣֿûʲôˣû̫ϡ
һŵ¾ͺʵsѪսʲôܣ֮ǰЩabѪʵ𣿡
ĵװã˳͵͵ӵ°ڣһɫ
ȻˣܱΪsѪǴ̻ƻϿ϶ҪǿҸײУвaǲ˿ɲһ㡣ûϵǵʵҲǻ˸ս飬ԺһsսҲġ
˵͵͵һ°ŵµɫȻ󳶳һĨЦתƻ⡣
ˣͲҪˣϾҪʱˣȿɡ
ԴЩ㲻״
ޱ櫵֮Ǻͺȸȵͷ˸кȻԼ˸λ
ΪòҲ˳ԱߵͰŵ´к
Ͱŵ¶ӵʱޱĵĸоˡ
ȻʲôȴܵشовͶ⡣
ҲˣɫЩÿһƲͷ
ޱ˸λ
潲
Ѿ˼ѵʱ䣬ŴҶѾԼѧĹϤˡ¸ǾҪʽѧ﹤ҪţҲҪ£ʲôȥйѧѧ㣬ϣҵԼļֵջԼѧĶ
صͻغܿͽҪ˵Ļݡ
ɢʱ߹
żʱڼҪһѾۻᣬμӣԺͰһ
ޱԴǸؾܾǸʣѾԼˡ
ˬһЦȻЩϧûϵһᾭٰۻᣬлġ
Ҹл˵ޱ櫼˵仰קסߡ
ޱҲ뿪ң·ϣû߳ѧĴ¥ŵ¾ȻŲ֪ĶͻȻڱס
˵ҵСһλԱճһ
ޱû뵽ŵ¾ȻСӵġ
һ꼶͸꼶ѧѧһӵģÿҲкܶڡ
ϾĽǿ˵ԡ
Ͱȣʹһ꼶ܶ꼶꼶ѧҲǽԼĶ顣
սϵǿߺħϵѧӹֵĴڣˣϵѧҵԼСӣΪûս
ϵսֻҽƺڱϵĵĹŵԲǿ
ǻῴʲôأ
ȻֻѪΪಢѾˡ
ǸŮҽСӣ´γλԱͻˡ
ޱüĿ۵һĨ⣬ܾǸѾöˡ
ŵζЦЦŲǰһ
Ѿͻ罻롣
ޱ櫵һ롣
û˽Ķ
ֻǿԴ˵ôǿϧأһͦϲѧء
ޱ櫲ԵЦһ£΢ЩȻָ̧һơ
ž
š
fu*king bi**h
ޱ³һ໰
ŵЩţһֻû˵ԼͷȴײŮʯƯһ˫۾䵭ĿԼַ·Ůһ߰ӡ
ûǻзȻһ˷ܡ
ˡ
ǰŮżĻΪֹƷ
ޱûдһ˲˷ܣ밲û˵ȷʵǸ̬
ðۡ
Ҹɱɡ
ޱޱ


23 
߳Уţϣ˹عޱ櫵˾Ѿˡ
ޱתͷԵĺڷŮһۣʵһôؼҡ

Ķ
ͻȻɫ۾Ī˼֡
ɳ
ޱ֪طǵ۹ĳʥŵƶߡ˹ط˾ȥƾ٣ǴǼǰˣʱȥＸΡ
һȥɣ˳·ġ
ޱЦ˵һ·أ˵˵̫ˡ
һ֣һָֻԾһ¡
š
Ӧˡ
ޱѾϰ˵ʽʶȥչ˱˵뷨˵ñ޷ܾĻԼһߵĵλǸ߸ϵߡ
Ϊ֮ǰ澭µʱ⣬ԼûʶЩѾ֪γϰ߱
УƫƧĽܱߺܻߣʲôûУ֮ܳľ·ҲغͻĲݡ
ԽߣԽУ𽥿ʼһЩͰɢҵĽ
˾ٶȲܿ죬ھĳ·εʱޱ櫿·һֽӣƺʲôڶ
ͣ˾
Ҳһ³ȥֽŵǼֻСè֪˶ãϵëɿˣֽﻹɢŵϢ
һֻèޱϸ֮󣬷ֻһֻš
Сèѵɫ۾ؿǡ
ޱ櫰˳
һʼ˾ЩܲŵζϾǴС㱧èȻҲҶ˵ʲô
ʱͨӾһۣЩֺõ˵СϲèĻѡһֻƷֻ֣һԾèиݾרſ̵ģһֻɡ
лл㣬ӶöèëﲻèޱòЦлĺ⡣
˾εЦ
ǲ֪ĶСèëȷʵûèһĳˡ
ޱͷĵʪϸϸСèצӻϵۣԼָ⿪ë
ϲֻСè
ʹۣëɫҲƷ֡
һͻȻֻСè㲻ĻҿʱȰ
𣿡
ޱ̧ͷϲؿ۾ġ
ﱧŵСèźһɫ۾һһèһ޵ؿ
š
ӦһĪλЩ

--
ޱ櫾Υػص˹ع
ԴӰȥ֮ǰʹǲھУѧʱҲٻ
ȻٿⶰʱԺﾹԾˡΥ֡
⴦ۡͷˣֱգ˽ꡣ
ۡƴ󷽼Լżǰʱ˵Ľ񣬺ڵĽȴҲԵùʱͷɡ
һʷƾõķʵ
ɹǾϲסĵط
ǹ̡
ôһþ˪Ľֻһסžɹյҫ
ǾɹҲҪصĶ
ޱСˡ
˾û⣬ۼӶ˾˸߲ҵشϢ
ڹ΢ɹӶ˶ʶޱ櫣Ҳϲλ󷽵ĴС㡣
ϧǣСʮ֮ͰȥԼסˡ
һЩӶϤ׿Լޱ櫺Ǵк׼ȷгǵ֡
һЩޱ櫺Сʱڹ﹤ˣǻһԺϷ
ֵ˶ѡ
С㾹Ȼǵǡ
û˵ļҵ˻ǵӶǵ֡
Ӷһ߰죬һ߾̾λǧòʡ
ޱ櫣
һ˹ط˿Ц⡣
衣
ޱ櫿첽߹ȥס֡
˹طߵɳϻһŮҲʮӣޱ櫵Ŀ⿴Цźһ硣
ŮȴƳͷȥһ
ޱҲ⡣
һϲ
˹طεЦЦСŮͷԴ֣Ǹǳ磺磬ô֪ͽкء

Էʱ˹طԸòĴŮһơ
㸸ܷæǡüӰҪܻȳԣͲˡ
ޱʣĹ𣿡
˹ط뵽ʲôƵģŵһ٣ͷЦһ¡
ЩֻǽвԭǽõĹڷĿЦ㸸ԽݡһŮҲʲô㸸ʲôȥɡ
ޱˡ
ĵȴױȴҪ
˹عȻŹĳƺţľɹһҲֻ˵ȥ
ʵϼʹǰʼڲ벻ҵǾծ
ޱ櫻ȴֹӶ˵Ĺģ˲١
ɹ˥ˣȴĲϽʵʱʱҪƭǰϻ˵ԼϵĻԻ͡
ǻձҪӡ
ԺöȲµһ׼涼Ҫ˹ļӡ
е˼мǰĹء
˵˾
ԼѱΪʵľɹо㿴Щ̳¹ˣǲòҪΪʵ
ΪڼûȨûǮ
˹عϾͱֵʶʱˣǰıһ¡
ޱɯ˵ΪĹǵ˲ٹϵ
ôţӴĹ˵˵ȥȴҪס
ھУϰ迴Щˡ
ȥղǸ⣬˹ط˵Ŀ·ޱϣдЩۡ
֪ʲôʱճ˵ĴŮؼҵĴԽԽ٣ʱҲԽԽ١
ûݣھУԵͦõģǸرɵĹóԵġһѧһأ͵ʱ԰ɣޱ櫿ĸףʢĽ׽
˹ط˷Щֵ˵
ǹǧĶֵõ㽵ȥѧ㸸ָôɲˡ
һһֱû˵Ŀ͵͵һޱ櫣ɫ󡢹˵ӡ
̲סҧҧＵʵΪʲôһûɹأȥУԿͷôһ˻ÿˣ
ĵСѼһĽ㡣
ԸԼûһ㡣
ھУͦġҲæҴ˺üε绰ûнͨ
ޱ򴽣̲סЩʧ䡣
Ů˹طĵһ绰ȴͨʱ۵ЩҪᡣ
̲סҪվ߹ȥԼֶµŮúñڻﰲοһ
ȴСŮίĿ·ͷ
裬Ӧһȥ磬ɲˣյŮ˵ߣǲǱŽ
˹طͻȻ뵽ǰͨ绰ޱ˵ҪԶٷ¡
һμˣޱ룬ȴԶؽһ䣺Һ֮ǰʹӦˡ
šޱ櫴û˵ʲô
ǺúÿҲϲ硣
ǸĵĴŮ
˹طȴĪٿޱˣֻ鲻ѡ
ٷԵҲʳ֮ζ



24 
, ˹طĵذοƢĿ硣
ô㣬˶ϲ㣬ΪʲôҪأſͷ, ſǻﶼԹޡ
˹طļȰҲŮͽһġ
緭һ˫۾޵ͨ졣
ҲŲҪһ˵ǲҲЩһϲ, ûҡ
СŮôĵ, ˹طҲۣ̾һСĽڻ
Ҹϲ硣
Ů̧ͷ
ԴĻɵûƭң
ûƭ㡣
˺һʱ, ǽСŮ, ˹طƣػصԼķϢ
Щͷ, Ϣ־Ļҡ
ֻŴ
ﶼǹŮ
֮ǰޱûͨǼε绰Ϊ߲žܽӵġ
СŮÿһʹŮ绰żڼᵽޱ櫡
֮һմϺйص£ȻһƢ
Ϊޱʱڼ˹ط˶Ǿͽǰÿÿܻ֮͵͵Ůȿ粻ڼҵʱһޱĸŮ, һȥ֡Ρ
ĺܺ, ȴĻҲû, ΪÿζᱻСŮ, ֵò֮
Ůɫ, Ľ, Ǵûʲô
СŮҪ·ġ
֪ͶעСŮϵĹעҲԽԽࡣ
һҲЩƫơ
СŮ˵ģޱѾõ˺ܶ˵İ, Ҷϲֻ
˹طһֱ֪ΪõĿһֱޱ櫵Ӱ£ĵ״Ա
ǻСŮһЩ
ƢΪС
ޱ櫲Ҫüƽϡ
ޱڲϵͷʧӣ˹طûЩҡ
ĵи
ǲԵġ
--
ޱ櫾ڴϿ컨巢һĶԻĶ
ʱѪ츳Ҳһ¡
˿̣ޱ櫾;Ҫ

䶼ǷĹ磬컨嶼Ƿۺɫġ
ⲻķ䡣
ڳ֮빫סķ
ԭõұġ
ʵҪǼҸãǴӷλɹ⣬ǴװޣļҾߡ
ǿ뻻䡣
Ӻ翪ʼϲĶ綼Ҫ
ޱ櫲
Ӳ
СʲôҪҲԥø
һֱϣԼܺͿúദ
ǿСͲϲʼǸӤʱϲģÿζЦú
ֻǣͱˡ
Ϊʲô
ޱд֪һЩԵɣҲһЩֺãֻһжͽͣı䡣
Ǻڵģûпơ
ޱڴ³һ
ĪԼЩˡ
ˡ
ʱԱһֻ
ޱ΢ƣֽһԵֻ
дǾޱСӵȺڲͣˢϢ
ȣ[㣡]
ȣ[ҸղŰݽҵķȻ󡭡]
ȣ[ͼƬ][ͼƬ][ͼƬ]
ǼսƬ΢¯ըˣۿɼһЩ֭ըõǡ
лһŰȵգͷһը϶̻ңǴսϸմ̻
ݣ[]
[]
ޱ櫷ٴֹȥ
ޱ櫣[ȥйԱ㶼Ҫٶˡ]
ݣ[ʳﻹһЩ棬ҪǶ˿Գԣֻˮһ¾ͿˣмԺǧҪȥˣ]
ǸҲ̶õӣݵĶڵѪ
һߵİҲ֪ԼǸ鷳ˡ
ȻһֱͦģʱҲûʲôθС
ǽ㲻һ
ĺѣҲһ
СħұԼŪһƬǽ壬ͷĵκǸ⡣
ȣ[Բ㣬Բݣ]
ȣ[Ƶ]
һƵޱ櫵㿪ܿŸͷİȣһŻ˵С޴Ϳ
ϿҵֵǸһ飺ĶԲݣΪܼţû뵽㣬ԭǸQAQ
[Ȼ֪𰸾ͱˡ]
ȣ[ɶ㲻Ҫ˵Ҫİο]
ۼҪ
ޱ櫿Ϣ֣Լûʶ۵׶Ц⡣
ޱ櫣[]
ȣ[ٺ٣]
ˣͼҫ
ֻһ㿪öޱ櫵СҲȥһƬ
ǼСèƬϴøɸɾѳһ˯ӡ
û뵽ǱֱӴһƵ
һͣЩæҵذ˽ͨ
ƵĴ󲿷ֱǺڰģֻֻͨĻһСƬ⿴ޱ櫵ССһĻŮߣһݷŴ
ԾỺˣûסһƬ
СʵѾ˯𣿡
ûУ˯̫šޱգգ۾ֻıЩϾɲơ
ܿСè
˵ͷֻƵһè˯ˣССһţĴźࡣ
ޱ̲סЦˡ
ɰ
ȡְɡ
ޱ櫴˼˼룬Ȼô
Ȼûޱ櫵èֻǰʱչˡ
˭ҲûйңԾһʼףĵʲôУ뵽Ķ˵Ķ֪ޱҪһȥ档
ȵͨʱһǾȻ˽һСʱ
ʵҲһֱ˵
٣Ϊ˺ޱ櫶һѾŬȥһЩˣ˻˭˵ĬŶԷʱ
˭Ҳû˵
Ծһֱš
Ŵţޱ櫵£ԾöһǺܽŵӡ
ޱ櫾ͱЦˡ
һЦۿɼظ˼
̵ͨ졣
ƫƫΪޱûзƵģԼıάԭ䵭ӡ
ޱ˵һɰ
ٷֻԼˡ

һߣŸղŽصƬ˺ܾòŷֻ
èԭ˯ײ֪ʲôʱ͵͵ˣһ˫ԲԲ۾ֱÿ
ϱ
һֻסһֻСצ»˻Ρ
ǲԾһĨĻȡ
ףҽ
--
ڶһ磬ޱ𴲵ʱȻûм˹ع
㸸ͬȥȾƣҹŻһҪȥϰ֮࣬ǰ˵Ӧл˵ϣ˹ط˶˵
ޱ櫺һţ̣˵ͷ
ţ֪ˡ
ʲô𣿡
ҺԼһȥ֣ܳʱû۾ۡ
֪ޱ㣬˹طĵһһֱ΢üչ
ǾͺãһûˣǸúǺúþ۾ۡ
Ҳһţ̣ĵֿʼˡ
Ϊ׵ȺȦĸ߸ϵĴСǣżԽ档
ޱ櫷һļȴôҪá
ôޱ櫡
ҧأؿһƣܵ˵
֪ޱĸףƫҪĸ׺Լȥ硣
ܡ
ޱȴûһ˿ʧѹ
Ϊû衣
߻ǻΧ
翴ޱ櫵Ŀⲻֵش˼ʡ
ޱҲһۡ
ɫ۾峺͡ƽ޲


25 
Լõĵط, ޱ櫺ͼŮڿϡ
һݾͷŴ˺ü飬״̬֮ǰҪã˵ͷ
ھУû۸
Դϴμ֮, Ǽһֱޱ櫾ûѧУ۸
ޱ櫶һǱϲǡ
ı紫Ϣġ
ɵҲûǶ
ʼջǲġ
ۿ״̬һ
ĵرһޱ櫣һͿʼ䣺̫ˣұ綼ҿأ˵ѧֵرá
һԴԾӵɯվ飺ޱ櫽ѧ£ǽҪúףһ¡
˹ͷͬ⣺ޱ櫲Ÿյ, ЪһЪȻһȥС̿ܲѡʲôʵ, ȻȥףҶʲôȥĵط𣿡
еµؿʲôСʲôط
Ҳ˹
ޱ櫣˹ҡ
˹ط˹ǸŮ, ƽʱֹƷһĶ˽ıȽ϶, ҲʶһЩҡ
˽ʹ˹ûкʵƼ
ݣΪʲôҪ
Ҳһڣ ԰, Ҽǵ費ղŹû𣿾ĸ׽ڵʱҲ磬ôҪ
ޱ櫻ش𣺡˯߲ãԭߵ޹֮ǰҲΣЧ̫ã˹˵֪һС, , ƷңԶĶ, ҪĶ
˹Ҳһ֪ǼС̵, ϰԶĶ, , ܶԺƷû
ǵԼϴʱϰһʲô͢㣬ޱҪġ
޸п˵ޱ櫶̫, ζҪŮ
ޱǸ豦Ů
ɯЩȤ˵ûб˼ֻ̾ŮʵĵĹ֡
ȷʵ̫ˣֻϧ˹ط˻Ǹ۱뻹Сʱ䲻ĺá
⻰ɯȻֻС˵˵
ֻˣüͷǲԾһ¡
סޱ櫵ļά˵豦ŮôˣޱҪŮҿ϶
ŮЦˡ
ˣǵҲһޱŮ
ʱƷ
ͳֻȽϵ˼¡
ŮѸĬؼһֱոְ˼pose
йξޱҲžͷ¶׼Ӫҵ΢Ц
̶ܿ졣
ƬŮ·ɳϡ
˵ҵ£Ҳ˵˵ǣɯǣ
ޱ櫵˽쿴ⲻͬɯϡ
ɯһԼͷһۡ
һ·ôÿ𣿡
ޱ櫿϶ص˵ͷǳ
ɯƽĴ綼ǵ͵ݻĹ·ߣŴ󷽣쵹Ǵø⣬һЩףȿ㣬ǰߵСһǳݵֱʣҡָ֡
ԱߵҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿޱ櫡
Ҳ
ޱԼ֮ûеһʱݵͷÿ
һע⵽ˣֻǸղźһ˵ˡ
ȾɫͷгͷɢڼϣϴùǶ˻ɢ
ֻǶǻյʱޱ͸ݺϲ;š
ɯҪǱȺ฾ˣ׼ڸ̫̫ϴ顣
ɯЦЦ
㣬ҵҲٰשˡ
һ̳˾޶ŲĹѸעܹƽЩ۷׷ôֹҲֹסġ
Ϳˣηηۡ
úÿԼôÿġ
ɯѡ
ǮᣬʲôУ
ˣޱ櫻֪ɯ»أ
˵ɯŮȻǸò˵»
ޱɻĿ£˹һһؽλĹ¼˹ȷʵǸŮⲢͬʱϲԡ
´žλ϶ɯһ飬漴չҵ׷
ǸʿѧʶӢ
ֻ˵ȤܻŮ˵ķġ
һ˼Եľ֡
ϧѽɯɲʲô£Ϊ翵İҪҪĵС˹͵Ц˵
ɯλһʱ䣬ݽȥ޷԰εǸ˷
̲סİоʵ̫ɯˡ
ɯֵʱʹ಻ѣڻÿܵҸۡأ¶ڹȦﶼ촫ˣ
ɯôأ
ޱ櫿ɯ۾Щۡ
ͺǲȴ羭˻ɥż˹ĶƲɯúܹΪѣޱȴ֪ҲƣࡢãȻ޴ʱ򡭡
Ҿþû˼š
ɯָذһ֧Ůʿ̣Щ񫣬ȴ˼żλѣֻػת˺þá
˵⻰ʱЩꡣ
ǳˣŮ֮ǵ㶫Ҷú壬Լִ֪磬ֻͽ
Ⱳӿɾٽڶλ顣ھͦõģⶫпޣֻҵɡҪʲô˶УϲҵǮҵˣֻҪ˾ˣǾ͵þ̸ǹ
˹˫۷Ź⣬̲סСĽ˵Ҳɥż
⻰Ѿ˵ֹһˣÿλǻɯǰ̲סظһһ顣
ޱЦѶûء
Ǻĵͷİ˹϶ġ
˹Ҳϣĵص˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ԺҪȢ˹ġλùھЩ̲סͬλùˡ
˵
ɯü̲סޱ櫵
㸸Ǹˡͺеϵ
ͻȻ˹عޱ櫻Щ㶡
Сӣļɲ򵥡
弸վڵ۹Ȩļ塣
ҲΪޱ櫺Ǻѣд˹ع
ɯ֪˹عôôһ֦ģ־¶ޱͽУѲ˸ϵ
óȻޱԼĲ²⡣
˼ȥǽԼ֪Ĺ˹عҴߵϢ˵˳
ɯڵһ仰ܿͱµĻƹȥˣޱ櫶ɯ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ͷҧסܺһڹ֭ס˼
--
ңԶСȷʵкܶ
ĳҲһڷۣƤƫơ
ޱ櫶ĵĺɫͷ뵽ԼҲӦøһ
Ϊûилè
֪ҪһĶתȥһŲ֪ͼУۿǾµš
ţ˵ǴӹŴ͢ģа֮ãҵĹҲǼĶζźš
ޱ櫽ӹᣬζȷʵǺŵģǲ֪ûЧˡ
ǵǺţظƱ
ûȥţЧãǱܸˡ
˹طŲŨҵζ嵭ޱӦûϲҲûãҲֵõġ
ͷ˵ˣ˵ȥ
ؿһЩûС⡣
ޱĿһתɨһľСĺ
ӦҺ˵̵ġ
𣿡
תͷʰϰ塣
ϰ忴ǺִҲ㶡
ûƷС˳һ˹ġ
ԣǴϵġҺҵĹавƱƽԢ⡣ϰعƺ뵽ʲôˣصؿ
ޱС˵Ѫⶫպǵа֮ĿҪҪʹˡ
˵棺Ҳһ
˹Ҳϰ壬ҲҪһ
ݺɯ˵ϰڻˡ
ǵЦеصǸ˼λС㣬һɴˡ
˹Щʧ䣬Ҳֻա
ޱҺˣգգ۾
ܲа֪ǿ϶Ѫûá
--
ӶС뿪֮ȥݵ˽ׯ԰һ硣
ûʲôɶԼˡ
Ǽһ죬ӰϷ
ޱ櫻ԼѧĲˡ
Ҷ˵óԣޱһͿ䡣
ŮǶúܾˣ˺ܶĺգҲĵٸֵĳգƬǶЦúܿġ
ȥƬһ飬ޱûгգÿŶܺÿ¶ݴЦʱҲô
Ů罻ƽ̨Ȧ˽ľŹƬ
ޱ櫰ǵ޺ԼҲһȦ


26 
Ժ, ˹طû뵽ļλ̫̫Ҳ硣
λҲVIPôòԶ
ԭ˹طֻͨVIP, ϾǼڽʱͬգѾ˥ˣ滨ǮҪԼǲòԵʵ
ƫƫ˵ԼͬѧVIPλͨVIPλͬѧ֪ҪЦġ
СŮĥ, ˹طûа취ֻЭ
ɰΪ׵ɯ̫̫߹к, Цеʣ˹طҲŮ磿
ԣҵСŮ, Ӧü, п硣˹طҲЦ, ԵŮܵ
ɫغͼλŮʿʺá
ɯ̫̫źۼشһ¿硣
ȷʵǼŮһСﵹǺ𣬹߻ǰͽˣ˸߿
ӡ󣬺Ů˿һѧУ, дλҼǰɣ
æ˵ͷ, Щ, û뵽ɯ̫̫Ȼӡ
Ͱ˿, ˿İְʥŵг, ҪҺ̫ˡ
˿ѧУ׷ͽĶ, Ʋ
ֻǰ˿һССĸࡣ
Ůޱû⵱ĿеƫģȻֻСŮ档ɯ̫̫ԱߵĿ¶˿ֻĸŮ, Ȥѯʡ
˹طЦеΡ
͵ޱ櫺Լȥˡ
ԭҲǣҼǸҲһͲ֪ȥĶҰȥˡ˶ϲǴһ棬Ȥ˵СŮɶ£Ը⻨ʱ硣
ѽ˹طǺøСްš
̫̫˹ط˵Ц
ô˵ɯ̫̫ɲ
Ȧ˭̫̫Ľ˹طޱôһŮ󷽡ᡢ㲻˵ǳĺá
д˹طȥ̫̫ɳǳȦ̱طˣǱѵòᣬؼҵʱȦǺġ
ôţ˭Ҳû뵽ĴŮȥط˵š
Ҳ̸֪ʲôط˾͸˹ط˵Ǹ
ط˵ô¡
Ե˹ط˴˼ȹӣط˿˾ɳ˹ؼ仧¿ȹӶ
ؼǵ۹鱦̣Ǯ壬ǼǳǮȴȦӽɣȦﲻ̫̫Ʋ˵Ǳ
طƽһЩͰĹ壬ö죬ȴΪϿտһͷζ𾴡
˹ط˷ײǹˡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽һСﾹȻֱȥҪ˵
ޱһȥһؼ˵治һӣģ˲֣仰̫̫˵ࡣ
طĸɲǺģȦ̫̫ƲҲƲˣ̱ѡߵҲһˣ۸֮ɴûʲôǸ
ƫƫǴεǸ˲˵º󻹷˾Ϳ˹طиŮ
¹ȥܳʱ䣬ʱʱ˹صĸۡޱͱʯΡ
ɼ˵ջޱϲ
ʱ׮ֵòС̫̫ӱɫش˸顣
˵ʱޱͻȴѾȦܳˣΪͬĺӶϲ
̫̫ҲкӣҲԼҺ˵ޱ櫵֡
ɯ̫̫ʱѰ˼Ϊ⺢ӳƯ
ɺ־ŲԣΪк׷ܣŮࡣ
ٺͿ¶˻һޱĹ䡣
ò˵⺢ȷʵϲǼ֮Ҳϲ
Ưִ󷽵ģ˭ϲ
ٺɯޱû˽ѧԺƾԼ˵۹ѧУ³ѧѧУɼǵһѧУΪȥͷ
ÿõĽѧȫ˹ط¼ʱװ
¶Ȼڲϴ˸顣
̫̫ĽˣŮδҲ̫˰ɣ
˹̫̫Щ಻塭
ɯ̫̫ǴԼŮŵϢ˵˹ط˷·ЩŮƵģǶСŮƫĵ
֮ǰš
ûŽôھԺˡ
˹ط˹ֻСŮ˼֡

ɯ̫̫Ϳ¶˶һۣĵ׶ЩŪ
һ۾Ϳ˹طСŮС˼е࣬ҲǶ̨ģƫƫ
ģƫЩСҲ˴š
ΪƫСģôõĴŮɾЩˡ
ɯЦź˼䣬̨ϵıҲʼˣͲ˵ˡ
ֻԴؿһ˹طˡ
ɵɵҪôһɫŮֻ޲õɱԴǡ
Ұ˿Ҳ

ʵܲ⼸λ̫̫̬䵭Ǻ轻̸ﻰҲ˵ޱ櫡
ҧҧͷ̲סݺݿһԼָ
˹طҲĿˣԺвԾ뵽ղɯ̫̫Ǹֻĵ˵һš
--
ϣݿޱ͵ҵʱɫѾˡ
˹ع磬ޱһžͱȥ鷿
˹عűͦװЩ·˪ƣȴӢ̵ӰӣźӣƯ
ס
ޱẰһ
ôѧУϰ𣿡
λĸѵݺͰعϵ
ޱĵЩ⣬ǻش𣺡ͦõġ
ӦЩҪҡ
ޱ΢һ۾
ˡ
ǵĸףһЩ⡣֪ΪʲôҪͽУΪʲôҼѧ᣿
ԼôȨ޽ͽУأ
У־УѾѧҵˣܶ෽ʵϽУ
ޱ櫻˽
ݽУ֮ǰǾԿ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ǸרҵżҲǺܸߵģǶҪܸߡﻰ޲ʾŽУҪԣǸϸĳ
ȴȫûС
ȷ˹ؼҺ;УûʲôϵôôʸֱӰͽȥأ
˹عһĨ΢Ц͵Ĺ⡣
ŮĻҪ
ҪѧУһЩϢѧṤĻͻ׻ȡҵ˼𣿡˹عֱԵ
ޱ㶣˵ͷ
ǣΪʲôأ
ȡУҪ˭
ޱҲû뵽УͼĵصȴĻش
˹عȻǸŮȴܴһֱΪҵĽУڵ۹ӵ֧³ģ֪˭ֱ𣿾λΪϣĺѵĸס
ԭУıݵĸס
ޱ櫲²Уľܵͣû뵽ôߣΪ۹ӵĽϣｫŵ۹ߵľȨ
ϣｫڱﻮһרɱѪ־У
ޱ櫵
˼ˡ
Һ˵ЩЩΪʱ磬֪עһܹûл
˹عһ£۵ѹ˷ܡ
֪𣿡
ޱ櫽ڶ֡
˵ͷ
ε۹ͳΤ±֧ž壬һ㲻ŵ˵ƿص۹Ĵڡޱ櫣УҪģѾǴߣֻҪӦأҾõһʵȨְλ
--ֻֽϻ塣
˹عеļˡ
˵Ȼ˳Уٲİ֮ǰûͰͽ˾УΪȷʵ˳ѧᣬûʧ
˹عŵƹԵݸӾ޵Ůеһ⡣
ܴλ˵ߣǶɫŮء
λмζޱ櫡
ֻλ̬Щģ˹ع׼Էޱ櫵Ŀصм֡
ܵõλ˵˹ؼܸػָյٹ⡣
ȻЩ˹عûʱޱ櫡
ޱƽؿе̰ƣֹˮ
У˹ؼԺٻֻΣЩͨͨں
ҲֻΪҪػ֮˰ˡ


27 
˹ط˿֮ľػؼ, һͽԼؽ˷䡣
ʱ򣬿һֱƲ֣·ִһͨƢ, һ֮·ߵĳ⳵ֱ뿪֪ȥĶ
˹طżѣæ֮´绰ѯ֮Ŵȥͬѧ˯ˣ
صҺ˹ط˸еޱȵľƣ
ڴϡ
ʱһ, ޱ櫵
, ҿԽ𣿡
ϣ˹ط˴Ӵš
ޱ櫿ɫǺܺãЩĵʵ, 岻𣿡
û¡
˹طǿһĨ԰׵Ц, ȥ¡
ųԽ˵ĴŮ, һʱЩ˵ĸп֡
Ůˡ
ϸ룬ĸŮúõദʱԽԽˣУ֪ʲôʱÿһޱ˵ͻѸټ, øָɲ뿪
˹ط˻ع, Ůͷ
ÿ𣿡
ޱ۾, ԹĸůСèƵز˲, Щζ
ġ
ޱֱ, еó, ۾ؿ

˹ط˵ͷȥһõɫװֽװõС
Щ㶡
ֲʲô, ΪʲôͻȻ͸
ͻȻٹǼˣǰ͸еϧʱҾҪؾУˣһޱ櫸͡
˹طȴͿˡ
ʲôգ
ȫǲʲôա
ˣҹķЩ⣬ޱ߹ȥϣ߻ס˹طЩ֡
軳ҵһļա
ޱ櫿סı飬΢΢Цһ£͵ǰʹģ˵еһӡǰˣҲˡ
˹ط˵ۿЩʪˣ촽
Բޱ櫣Ҳǵա
ⲻ㣬ϾҲ֪ҵļ̫ˣôĽռǲסҲܼסֻҪ𿪿ĵͺˡ
ޱһֱǵ˹ط˵֣ͻȻȴЦݹǲ˵ϲŶ
аֵ֡
ȴ˹ط˾еļ尾ˡ
ĴŮôãȴò׷żٻһ𵥶Ը
ޣкֻ࣬лл󡣡
ûʲôҪǸġ
ΪЩӦõġ
ÿÿ׷ѰתΪػ㰡衣
ޱȥ˹طϵ飬峺۾ﷺкܶܶ໰ȴʲô˵
Ϊȫ˶Ŀ뵽һκ˲鵽˿İ취ȻǴʼҲ̥ʱʹһݡ
Сһомѭһһϵ˶ݵ֤ߡ
Ѫ֮ϱȺԽУΪڰӵǿǿѪ廹ԿԼֻ꣬Ҫ겻.Ļٻתء
һѪȺмΪϵط
22ǰ˹ط˵һλеʱޱ櫾ͰԼһŽӹ
ΪԼһǣ˫̥ŮݳΪŮĺӡ

˹ط۵׷ỨǰͤͤŮȻ뵽ʱز۵Ķӡ
ޱ˫̥ȴͬѧ
˹ط˻ǵʱʹһ
Ϊ֪ĶӸΪģͬѧǼк⽫ͷѹˮġ
ǹɱˡ
ǼǸӵĸĸǵʱ۹ȨƵĲƷڵ۹Ʒһ̶ȶȥ¢ȨǼ˲ǮȨ죬һ仰¾ǿѹǼ¡
ĳͷǼ˼ںΪдδģѪҹ֣ǼȨƵĲƷպþܵ˲մãһ㵹
ҲǴǼ֮ɷʼִȨٴλ֮СŮǺ£Щ޵ߵؽСŮ
ޱ櫴Դףǰɡѣӱá

ӴҲͳ죬ƽƽһ̶ˮ
˹عȦĹһЩִ̰һĹأ֪Ϊ
⣬˹ط˲ǵΪʲôĽգ͹ʲô
СŮСֻȡĽ׶Ρ
ɷĮԼӺӲԼںܶͥۻܻһЩ̫̫Թ
˹ط˴ûиоίΪһ굱Уÿ춼յ;ϲ
ΪָϡŹֵĽնޱĽڡ
ʼʱʶʲôգϰÿľϲϰ˴Ůĸ
ģͲޱԭֻš
ڻȻ룬ԼȱʧЩֻȱʧĶĴŮһʽӱ˻

һ˲䣬μû˹طˣ£ͻȻۿվޱ櫵־Ҫߡ
ޱ櫣㲻һȥԷھͳȥʲôھȥ
ޱվԭûж
裬岻ڷúϢ𣿡
סߣСȰ´ΰɣ´һȥԷûϵģԺкܶᡣ
˹ط̲סʹ޳
ĸŮһޱļ򣬰ϵζ
ͼһؼһϤС
--
ưɡ
ڰ̨ϣ°Ϳĳ򣬱Щ¡
˲ǴȾ𣿽ô£ʲô̼˰ɣ
ɪеظԼһƣҲ
ԣˡ
ɵĿһۡ
ôģ
￪ưҲ20ˡһˡȾƵģʮа˸Ϊˡ
ɪĵ۾ɨһԱߵķ򣬻εĵƹ£Ů˼ʹǺҲñֱֻһʱԽңЩ̳ζ
ۼԽԽ࣬Էĺɪҡҡͷ˹ȥ
ˣٺˣ
̧ͷƹ£һ˫ЩʪģзãԼλá
ɪգ̫
ɪգΪʲôʲôô˾òأ
򴽣Щ϶ؽ
ȦͷŮһ𡭡Ǹ˿񡭡Ҳϲ
ޱ櫽췢ȦƬˡ
ǸɫͷŮܵرһЦúܿġ
ǿô׽ʱ;ǻһ˵
ʵѧУʱ򣬰Ҳᾭճޱ櫣еʱҲðȡۣȴûйĸо
һƻڡ
ƬͷŮȥˣɻǾúܣ̲ס˿ɪյľưɡ
ͻȻԼ
˵ǸͷŮ۵ʱ򣬿ɪճĬ˼룬һ˵
ûиܹʲôζ
ʣ
ػζ֣ĵ׵ķһ˲صõ⣬һֻҵȡ
Ȼʲô
žƱͻȻһ¡

ɪտ侲ĶӵӣȻʧصһ̡֧
̧Աһֱ϶Բ׵ĵ֧ʹȥҾƹҵľƸù
ƽĵһۣΪʲôԼôȥԶ
ʧˡɪ³һ̡
ˡ
ûغݺݷһۡ
--
տûʵķһǽ϶ƬƬ۵СŮŸɫȹȴһޱؿžͷ
źһ޵ͺɫ۾
¹˹ḧǰĳˣ૵ˣ㾿ӵĶȥأ
žķûܻش⡣
üݼž
˵ȥأ
¹˹תͷԼŮ
Ůӡ
֪ȴܲش𣬸˵֪شĴ²ˣɻҪӭ
ŮһĨȴǻӲͷƤش
Ͳ²⣬»Ѿˡ
ԽԽͣѾȫ˵
¹˹ûзŭȴҲûʲôķӦ
žУŮøˡ
ȥɡ
ͻȻһŮɴǻ´ˣ
ɼˣɲҶΪ»ûз
µĳָһ˿ãϣ
¹˹һԼλĸı³һ֡
Ů֪Ƕ˵ģ뿪˷䣬һȥͻεſڡ
Ů˾ռһޱذ̧ߡ
֮£ŮܻųѾ㹻ˡ

Ǹӡ£Ҫսҵġ֪ģƢá
¹˹תԼ⣬ǲˡ
⻻κˣʱ¶Ҫսľعˡ
ûУΪͰ¹˹7Сһ𳤴ǾϵҲһѵꡣټķƶ¼壬Ψڰ¹˹ǰôԽһ¡
ܴŷִ硣
ԽҲһڰ¹˹ԽܵķΧڡ
λŮĲ²ûڣ
뿪ʱѾɥʧʱֻһССΣնҪ
ʱ䣬ĹͬʱϨ𣬷ڰΨһɫǰ¹˹ɫ˫
£ˡ
£Լ𣿡
ɻɫƽ
һֱھҪҪ˶٣һŮϲ˹ϤĸоֵǣϵϢࡣ
¹˹ץŷֵֶȻһ
µĸоľˣҲ׼ľˡô˵ˣŮ˵ֵȥ̽һġ
ңһΣյй

˳á
ٴͽ¹˹һˣڰУͷ˸Լؿڵİ̺ۣЦһ
͡
˼ૡ
һҵģޱء



28 
ɫʱ, ˿ƺϼĺ棬ֻ̫ǳǳ¶һǡ
һƲڴƬƬõϡ
üͷ۾, ۱㿴Ƶտա
Ǽŵľζ϶
ĸоܡ
ͷԼǱʼԼ׶ʲô
϶ļƬԺ
Լȥ˿ɪյľưɺȾƣ֮õׯ԰
ǾƾĴ̼, κǵԼʱޱ, صׯ԰֮ũ߿ء
ۿǰһ룬Իʪء
Աϣֱ۾ԴεĿЦһ¡
ûʧ̬ء
ȥϴ˸, ĺڷδˮ, Ҳܡ
ǰħֱӽͷ, ֻˣûʱȥ˼ͷͷʪʪ
ɳϣ̲סֻ֮ǰޱʱصͼƬų
֪ģͻȻ뵽˴ǰ

Сƶһ¶ݳ
һؤõһ⣬ʱ, ֻõĿԼȭߡ
, ƶһȺαƵĸˡ
ڽۿ, Ӳչȥ, Ϊ֪Ⱥνֻ뿴Щؤһҡβ, ǵĴ󷢴ȱġ
ֱŻ
һ, Ⱥ˵ĳһ۵Ůʹһ
ʹһʵŮһһߵǰ
ʱһ, ѪϱŵɢŲŵζ
Ǹޱȸ߹ĴСȴûƵģһҲ⣬ϵѪ
ʱֻǴݽһƬտĺ
ĵ̲סһ
ԵĻػˡ
ûǮ뵽ȥժɽҰõ壬һ͵͵͵˹عǰ
Ѫ˸ǿ㿪ʼڰػǸʹһŮҲ֪йĺܶ¡
磺ֽޱ櫡˹أܻӭϲɫȹӣ裬ǰкԣ֪ȴӲ
ٺޱС˾УΪУϿôƽ
İȫ
û뵽ԼԿޱСôһμܽţЩ֪룬ȴ̲סҪ
Լ첲Ū˿ڡ
סһңϦദ
̲סҪһ㣬ٿһ㡣
ǰΪԼǱػ뷨ȥõ塣
ػǷãȴδȥ
̬ʧˡ
ڼʡ
ǸͷŮԺ޼ɵ׽
ΪϲޱС㡭
ɳվڷⲽ
һǱţһһɬ˵ܡ
ޱСˣȴѪ
ͬΪŮӡ
ôܻһεİ
޴š
˳ȥƬշһõӣָֺ֮ǽˮûħˮͰһһġ
ΪڼҪһЩȥԴתעǷԵĽꡣ
æһͨϺֱܿʪ͸ˡ
˲ǵĺֻøղŵǰϴˡ
ֻЩûá
ǻƵĸоˡ
̾˿Щܵ¡﹡ϣԼõҡ
š
֪˶á
ȻҲоĵضٵõһЩ
һԶ޷֮ڿڵİ
˼˺ܾã͵͵ػƬõһúػݰ
ޱСԶ֪

--
ڵһ죬ޱ櫻һԼĹű
Ҫȥ׼һЩرĶ
ϴһѧУȥʣ°ҪѪصѪǺ׾ܻȡֻ;УȴҪȿѧϸĶļ顣
ô׹ġ
ϴħҺŪ˹ȥȴܴδںӱߣԺĴξͻᱻˡ
λҪ׼һµ
ޱר˼ԼĿ⣬оûöʱܿ͵˹ű
ޱ櫵Ļ˹ؼҵ˾λӶ
·һޱ벻Ҫè
˵ẹ̀ȻֻͨĳèҲ̬䣬ȼֻҪÿöࡣ
λӶȷʵ飬ֻޱٴĺ⡣
ޱ櫻ȥʱ͵СŮӶµڴɨ˲ڵʱҲѷһдľ
Ȼ߽Ӱµټزᣬһʱ仹㶣Щš
Сܵޱ櫵ǰӹĶ
С㣬ˣŵ˸÷żٵʱ䣬ȴٳûлȥУء
Ǹµ٣׽һլһˣǰһˡ
µٻæ֣СôܸҵǸأȥĶͲҪ˵ġ
ͷСȥ
ֻǸӶˡ
ޱ櫿˵ֻҸǰ˵һͲˡ
СŮӶȦһ죬жһͿ
أСΪʲôôð
ܳʱŮӶµζ뻻һȶĹŮӶҲͦõġ
ڹű徲ûбĹͥô๴ĶǣȻŮӶޱС㿪ĹȴܶĹʻҪߣҪһǣСԸ̫ˡ
˵ȻЩǣĺСһӵŮӶ
ޱ櫲֪ಽԼµСԴﶼЩʲô¥ʱ򣬶һһĨ޵ĺɫĿ⡣
С㣬յһûȵʱȶѷŵµٳ͵
ţõҲյ𣿡
õ忴۵ĺܣǷһҹġ
ǣǽյġõ壬µ̻ش˵Ҳ֣ﾹȻûĿƬҲûŷ⡣
µЩ档
Ϊյﶼ˵֣߱һдĽ֮ŷ⡣Щǿȵ׷ߣͲСܶӡ󣬼ס˭
ǽյõ徹Ȼֻһõ塣
µţԺȴһС㣬λħʦ͸ġ
Ͷˣλħʦÿ춼СĴ̨õš
ϸһõ壬Σϵõ嶼ҪƯ
µټ϶λصħʦõ塣
ֻλֱħʹ͵СĴ̨ôʼĵǰˣһһʱû
ޱ뵽ʲô͵Цһ
˽̻λħʦǣŲŮʿеðͺ¡
µٲ
Ȧﻹв֪òʿΪǶʱء
ԣλħʦҲܲǹȦʿ
Ȼ̫뵱Ȼˡ
µ˼ţޱ櫺µ٣Ұѻҵķɡ
æȥõ壬ӦõģС㡣

ޱ櫴ֻȥϢ˺ܾڽõ˻ظ
ֻҳϵĶԻͣǾ䣺
ޱ櫣[ҪѧˣһѧУɡ]
[]
ܾء
ޱ㶣ֻϣ߷޵ĺõϡ
Сʲô
һ߰ͺõ壬һֹĮܾˣ



29 
ٴοѧ֮, ޱȷڿ
ÿ춼ѵŻһҾ;ֱԼţƽʱҿ, ±Ҫʱչ˵
֮ԵĲԾݺͰȶˡ
ޱ櫣𣿡ݿֱ֮ӻԼķ䣬һ仰û˵, ﱧĴչСʵ
ûСޱҡҡͷ, Ҳ֪ô£οѧͲô˵ˡ
ȶȽյķ, ͷ
ֻ쵰ѪôúͽأǷʲô
ǰȫ, ֪ںһϵ, ȻԺҪһɲϣǺͽϵõˡ
±Ҫ
Ⱦ֮һٺףʱԼɻԺ
Ϊæߣè
ҵһͬ⣬οѧʱױ1901ҡ
һ׾ͺϲΪֻСèźнһɫ۾
һֻɫƫɫè, ϻЩĻ, ˵رÿ, λ˾ҲŴޱ費Ҫè
ǰȾ;ܿɰ, ôôϲ, 챧Ų֡
ҲϲСè, û׼֮ǰһֻè֮ҲʹԼܲܽèӹ, ֻ⵽˼ĸķԣΪĸǳֶëµè࡭
ǺݾҲûèˡ
֮ҲܿģÿʱʱҪͰһèǰա
ûдеﳹ߳ȻָЩ񣬵ǵǱˣʱޱ櫾ܿŷŴͻͻȻۿ
һֻСèתתעҲһ¡

ޱ櫿ʼѧʽںȵƭ֮£ȥȥһЩѧѯ
һʱ֮󣬺ȾԼѡޱǡ
ΪԴޱȥңȺ˵ľ״ԺöˡҪ֪ǰЩ˶ԸƵģΪܵսˣЩԱգ̫Ը˽
һǲԸһѧԼóĹҲʹࡣ
˫ϣʵǰѧУҪǿ￪ţû˼
Դޱ֮ڶѧȥߴǿƺˣԼ͹ԹԹˡ
֮⣬ѧӴ칫ңޱ櫵İ칫ÿ춼ῴŵúܳĶ飬칫Ҳֵ࣬ȴһȥ˶ûС
ȴ߽ſڱֳһЩĶ顣
ߵޱЦ˵ǿˣЩ˸Ͳµġ
ޱ̧һ±۾һڵϰǰĳλͬѧǼǣһĵҹô࣬ǲӦúͻ᳤һ£ҷ㽱ʲôģ
Цˡ
϶㷢ѧڽ˻ø䷢һģ
ޱͬ칫ҵŮҲЦ
һͺҲʶģϵرԹʵܵοҺɣ֮ء
Ϊ˶Ŷޱڵİ칫ңǺޱһ칫ңȻҪ䵽ǵĹ̨ϡ
ĽǵĹֱӼӱ
ǸЩƫŮû˵ʲôֻǸһЦ
֪ڿЦ
Ȼʽһ칫ദʱ䲢ϲޱ櫣ôΪأ
ֻΪͺȹϵãŸô˵ġ
ô˵ҲȷʵѺȽ˼ô칫ңеĹѵҲ˵ȥһҲˣ˭ܳԵ
˰ɣϲ֡һۡ
Ҳ֮⣬ˡ
İɣѾ᳤˵ˣܿͻõġ

--
ӪӶȹҵһ飬û֮ǰǡ
ô£
ͻȻеĮ
ҽ㡣
㲻ǣϲ𣿡
Ȼôʣͷһ㶡
ԭϲѾԵȶ
ȵȻ˵Ĳϲ
ĶǸ
һֱΪޱ櫵ϲһģԲǶе⡣
Ǵ뵽Լޱ櫵ĸ顣
ڰĴʣ͸ΪʲôȻöԽĮˡ
򴽣ѪˡһͲʲôýҲֻ鷳ƽ
ΪʲôҪȷʵ
ŲʲôѪģֻ㡣
ΪﲻȫӾУ뿪֮Ҿͻ߳ʧ

̸ɢ
Ȳ뷨ǵ˵֪ʵѪͻẦԶǺĪеһꡣ
Ҳˡ
Լ·ߵĪ˹̹ǰһۡ
ֻôһۣĪ˹̹پʲô˼
ͷһھƣȻ˰֡
߰ɣ߰ɣѾͷӪǳ޷ˡ

ȴѵֱӻңһӵһʱȥèѿס
СèһŰ˯
һָССԴ̲ס¶һĨɵЦ
ٺ٣èèÿɰม
Ȼûз֣׵èʱ򣬲ŷèûô١
èݵȥι
ȴƫͷȥǲԡ
Сèģûо
ײ˰ɣ
ͻȻˣƫƫֻ֪żȫ֪ô졣
ĸ˵СȺ﷢Ϣû˻Ӧ
ޱΪ˸ҵҲȥæ
ӴһλͬǱʧ״̬ŮΪͬܣŮ档
֪ô£źͻȻһУԽԽ˷ܣݾûע⵽Աóɾֻ
ǣô˰ȸĵ绰
ָޱ櫴绰
Ҳû˽ͨ
ѵҲֻҰҲ
˶ŵĲУҲؾͳš
վѧޱ櫡
·ϣһֱԼ˵㲻ҪŵǸ̬ƫƫʲôʲôһѧĴ¥ͺɲˡ
ŵ¸첲װģʯѾˣȣ߹ɫ˲䣬̲ɱ⡣
˹ٰȣƶ¼ͽôҳҵǰ
Ȱȭ
ûʱͰŵ
ƶ¼岻Źˣ硭
ҧҧɫ۾ʱ죬Լһȭ˹ȥ
ȥİɣ̬̳У
ܾˣ
ŵ⧲ڵء
Ҫû뵽ȾȻѧֵط˼ɵ¶Ѫ
ȴܣͷһָ
úܿ죬ת۾ʧ˹ս
ڵϻعİŵ¿һ۲ԶͷҪը
ؿ϶һжˣҪһȥ취ɾ
Ŀ˹ٰȣ
ҪƤ
֮ǰ˵ŮӲû˵!
ŵǻһŭֽճȭ̲סݺݴһµ档
ģ
һ



30 
ޱ櫸Űһصҵʱ, Ѿˡ
װǻˣܿջԼ, û£ֻеðգʳήҲһȥҩ
ѧУҽңӦòиԵҩ, Ҳ֪ĶŪ, һĴҩ
ڿιҩޱһ߿š
۾תһȦǵ˰ȵ, ҸɻԼķ䡣
ĵظ˶˵Ŀռ䡣

ޱ櫿èιҩ, ΢ͷ, ƯҰüһ˫۾Щ˫Ƥ岻Ǵһ⿪ȵģһֱβ˵ĺÿ
һ˫۾˭üĿ, Цʱһ˫ڵ۾, Ϊÿ
ֻϧ۾ɫʱӶࡣ
ޱ櫿˵ʱרע, һûڵ˼, ôźԾ
ҩѾιˡ
ɰͰ͵شƽ, ЩѰ
ޱ櫾, ֱʵòԣ𣿡
˫ͫһ˲ĻҺ޴롣
˵ûС
Щ, Ϊʲô
ޱͫƽעȴһ𰸡
˵ˣûзϣΪȷʵڶޱ櫡
ž֮䡣
˺ܾãû˵ʲô˼ޱ櫱ףֱӻԼķ䡣
ʣԭûзӦ
һޱ櫷յķţЩɥشͷָ̲סƵս
ˡ
ô죿
ޱ櫻صԼóһСӣ澲ŵĺȻ￴ĺִ
͸
ڿͲȥˡ
ޱ櫽ºϷŻسǽǶʢõõϣΪ˿Աʱ䳤һ㣬ݰ˸ɻǶõվʧȥԭɫʣԵЩ
СѾ˼ӹűУⳡϷ뿪
ź
ޱ櫵ָʶСèĶ䡣

ͦϲֻȤСء
--
ԭֻЩޱ櫣µʱ˻ǻ˵ֻ˵һЩ
Դ֮ݷֱӿս˵ˡ
1901ҵķΧЩϢ
ϣԼȳţûһ
̲סչСʵޱ櫣ô£
ޱ櫴Щɺȥʹˣ˵Ҳû취
ݰױǰ£Ҫױ
žԼһĵһ飺ұҪȥڿ𣿡
ޱ櫲ɵص˵ͷ
ǶѧУһʱܶ࣬ѲԺֵĵط㶼Ҫض𣿡
λٽʱʦڻˣѧУѧϽĹΡ
ΪǹΣǰʹˣҲȥڿΣͲȥˡ
ޱ櫲޳뷨
ݷǵܶ㣬Ժ󻹶ҪƯƯسУòԼϹ˹ۡ

ޱ櫾ݻһ΢ЩŨױ
Ũܵĺ췢ɢ̳ëСָŵĶӪ˷΢΢ϵߣ˿лֳ飬ŮֶЩҰԵĸо
ǰ崿ɰͣȴĺܺÿʺϡ
֮һ۾޵װ硣
ԼҲû뵽Լһ棬ȵ˵
ޱ櫻һԼʧƵ·ȫ.ɫԪأЩķ
װϣشһȦ
ţǸá
Ϊ仯̫󣬰Ȳϲݵӣ۾硣
ÿ
·֮ǰʱޱ櫰ѡģʱÿܲʺԼޱȴ˵ʺϣ
ԭҲַܴ񰡡
ݴûԹַ·žȫԼԼЩסˡ
㱾ͺƯֻǱƭɵˣһ˼ϣԼ
֮ǰǸСķӣޱ櫾Щֱӡ
֪ˣԺ϶ôɵˡ
ޱ˵ݾûвġ
ĴҼƵıסޱ櫵ĸ첲лл㣬ޱ櫡
ޱ櫺ʶǱĬ£ڵѾ𽥿ʼѵԼǰǸˡ
ԽǰԼɵЩԽԼɵ
ϴһͬŮţһ»е·һġ
֮ǰݻòʲôԽԽһֱ֮֮ȥصСķʹʱȣһܣһԼǲʲô
˵ͨǴġ
ʵ֮ǰҲڲǰױɫ޵Сȹӣ˵ÿײ࣬ʺû֦չġ
ʲôͷУ
ǰô̵İ
ԽüͷԽ
ޱ櫿ôʡԼοͷ
Ժǵκʱ򶼲ҪΪһ˶Լֻ֪ԼܺúðԼ
ݺݺݵ˵ͷ
Ϊۼ֤ȫڴҶһϻʲôҵ³ޱ櫲ŲߵŮӶظı硣
еĺ޲ⱲӲˣеŽɥżġ
ޱ̲סЦһ¡
ţǶҪ⡣

--
һ˵ĴϣռλҲޱӦòһԼλǸռġ
ȥʱһۣ˸лı顣
̨ϵʦڽΣ÷Χһֱɣڽ̨ѿƵģѵµѧЦ
ھУȥѪսѧԱһЩ
ѧУҲѧŹһֱС
ֻ֮ǰʦһֱûѧޱǻǵһ˾ſΡ
Ͽεʱʦ֯һЩСϷѧ棬ϿεʱڻЦкܿ͹ȥˡ
ԼĪſ쵽¿εʱ䡣
ʦͷ˿ֱȻ΢Ц˵ʮӾ¿ˣʱһΪβɡ
滺ҩͬѧ˽еѹʱȥ֣ʱҲʧΪһɵĺ÷
̨ԱߵĿռżͲúõġ
ڴҶΪʦҪǵʱȴͻȻתͷɨһĄ̇¡
գգۣһĨº͵΢ЦλͬѧʦϿҲЩۣںҲֵĸο
һƬѻȸ
ʵ˵ѧУˡŮǶЩյĶȤġ
УԴգͨƽӶ࣬ٻй
ǼĹѧ򶼻ᱻעڵ
λʦھһ
ߵԱߣޱ櫵֡
˹ͬѧԸ̨ʦһ׸𣿡
ޱվ
Ը⣬ֻҵĸѧòѣԻһ𣿡
ʦ㶣漴΢ЦͷȻ
ȫûԤޱ櫻˵ԼĸٵòãΪĹС㣬ټѡ޿Ρ
һƬУޱ̨ȥڼѡһԵò۵ľ
ڼȽԣڹȦһֱǱĴڣޱȴϲɫֱɺ졣
Ժɫ
ޱ櫴ϸ׵ָϣ滺ַ̾Ʈҡ
һױȽϵˣޱҲʲôʱѧģֻԼǵǺܾúܾǰˡָкһ׹ϵʫϸ͵Ĺ£ﰲˣ˲ԾС
ﰲص٣ɫɢڼͷ̨߽ͷϡʹüۣĴ޹һĨЦ
һ
ڽһελą̃ϵˣɤЩơ
ޱС㡣
ϸû¡
þˡ

̨ͬϣͨľ˹СҲù
ʵǺܶʶ
лλӵĸΪͷʱʱҪ˹СʾһΣЩնŵĻŵӪϲͷ
˹С۹ʵŲǵĹȣųɫһȱýΪ۹顱
ֻǴĹСһͬһľУ
Ȼ͵͵棬Ҳ̲ס̾ò
Ƕף˹С￴ҲǺУ룬ɸ߹ѣңɼ
Ϲձ鶼ƽ
Ҿٺ棬żȻ˱ܻʶضܡ
ΪðλС鷳
Ϊ̫˻Եָš
ҲΪûϢһ˫۾ʱͻ˲ɥʧӵ
ֻǱһ£ôһˡ
ʱҲһ
˱װһ˾ӣͿʼ͵͵¼ƵƬˡ
ǻѧУƣȫǶܵ֡
˻͵͵ϴ˵ǸרΪޱ򴴽վ̳һȥгָơ
һյġ
Ƶġ

ȻЩޱ櫶һŲ֪
¿Σ߳ңͻȻһĨɫӰʧ¥ʦ
ֱޱ۵ײԾ˰ܾλ»ѧУʦһֵֺĸоղ̨ʱ񡭡
ޱ櫾Ҫȥ̽һλʦתͷݺͰ˵Լȥϴּ䣬ȻȥȴҪһء
ҲŻȥһɡ
Ҳͷ
ޱû취ֻõ˵ͷҺܿͻ

ע⵽ݣΪ仯̫ʼе㲻ϣȷ
ǿޱһŻȻ׹ΪʲôλСƾ
һʱ־ŭ
ĵζӳ£һ˵ĸое޵
ʹ
ݡһ
ȿȻЩ
Ǹ
ĪŮЩˣĵЩڣǼע¶һЦ
㣬ûе㵣㡣дֱ˺

һʱЩʧ
ǰǱ׾ӵݼƭˣΪʲôüŪ۵Ӣ᣿
ȥ˾һɡ
ز˵ƶڶĸг
ĵ̲סһ˿ȸԾ͵⡣
ֿһݽ˾޵װ磬ҲǲС
Ƿ֮󣬲Ȼᵽ֮ǰ΢ĺá
ȷʵ˵̫ˣǸҲûʲô
ţֻҪǸһԭͶĻعںá
ԼóУʱޱ櫻ˡ
ߵߣƳһۡ
˭ʶ𣿡
ݻعμޱ֮ǰ̸ķһ˲һƵ
ʶ
ݿ˵ġʶסˣĿг˱ʹͲš
֪Ŀ˻ΪǸƵġ
Цסޱ櫵֣ôͨҲſء
ɫһһףɫƵģѿĲ񻰣ޱ櫺˺Զ֮󻹾þû

һ·кüҪϵʽ
Ķộ
һ÷ɿ죬ȴ侲ͷβһŸ߹޵ĳ˶ܾˡ
һΪơԸҲ۸ƽû˺
ΪûôûòضԱ˳˵
ȫһ߾ܾˣһĵ׿Բ
ΪԼ϶Ҫˣȴû뵽󱻾ܾǼС˵ᣨ
иԡ
رŮǰôûע⵽
ĺͷƯȸҲÿɰ

ݣ
ʱῴ硣


31 
ʿλʱ仹̫, һ׼ϵĴͣ⻺һ̫õķΧ
Ⱥ﷢Ϣ֮󣬻ϢһҪ
ڿϢ֮, һľѾȫѵˣʰĪ˹˸ƾ뿪ѵ
ѧ߳ȥǼֲ֣ȻĽȴҲֻĵ׽Ľ
Ͼǿɴ򲻹Ī˹̹١
ǹ߷, Ī˹̹Ȼ˵ʲô
µ, ǰŸߣҲˡ
ŵĪ˹̹پƶˣյǶ̹˵˸òԼҵطȥ˰ɣ
ôԼѧ, ⵣĿɲƽûݵġ
ֻ˵ȷʵѧ, ԼǶ˳һ㶼, ֻǿǶѧ˳ۡ
Ī˹Ƕͷ˲Ծ
ͰȻ඼϶ԷƫƫӻҪһ
ǰԱ߿ֲ´󣬻ѺעԼѧӮ
Էìˣǽӵͷй˽ߣϴӶʱֱӰԱߵѵʩ߻ˡ
ǿֲģ
ǶĪ˹ҲԱߴ, Ҫһʱͷ, ûûصٴ
ҪǸʩĹ󡭡
ϸµĹȫѧУǮ, Ī˹ԼȾƵǮǽġ
ǶҲ, ûбֳ
Ҳ֪˭ѧƵģеĵ, һ
Ӫӵĺһзִ, ֪ʲôʲôҿһ㶼ġ
Ī˹ִŵ
뷴ȥ, һ뵽ԼҳѾͷǸһ顣ţʲôû˵
ֻǶֺ뿪һʹļס
ˡ
--
һޱ櫵Ӱڿ绰ﻹףһ׳ֱ̣ӱɳȥ˭λá
㣬ں˭绰ѽ
ҵѣݡޱ櫰ֻøһۣܡ
ȴչȥƵһͷŮûͦÿ
غͶԷкһҽܡ
ãѡǿ˹ٰȣǽá
شջڻЬһ¡
ݿ˵ػһеӣҲˣѵĺ簡ãܿͿԿˡ
߹ȥϴ֣ʲôҪæ𣿡
òáݸæܾ
ղޱҪæͰ˳ȥ
Դϴΰը˳֮ݶԼСǿñӻҪһΡ
ޱ櫻һЩǸģݿɲǽ
ԼҲæùһ˳˷һЩ
ǱߣݿֻСɫ۾ĵ׼ȻӿһøС
˼ԵȾݺÿҲð˵඼ܿɰ
ޱʣ˵ǸСðȷʵͦɰ
Ǹúõöˣһôö顣
ݣ˵ˡ
Ȼϵãޱ櫴˵ĶҲϲǹۿ硣
ݰǵһֱƽÿе㲻֪ô
ޱô˵ҲͲ˵ˡ
֪ޱ櫺ܿԼļˣҲԼ˵Ķʵ
һС˲󣬼ĵ治Сƫƫ˭ãԼ׽㡣ޱ櫶ôãôһʯͷҲůˡ
ƫƫǸһֱޱ櫵ġ

Ŀ磬кܶ໰ģҲǸСûʲô˼˱ġ
ޱ櫰ֻϣԼһ߱ʳԣһ߿Ӱ˶һڷɵ״̬
ֻ׽ǰŻ
Ա߿ˣޱԼս˵ˣĵ׺Ȼһܵ⡣
˵ôģеĴӿȥüˣȥö
ÿһޱԭŵӵ۾ͻᴹתͷ˵
һ뿴ӡ
ĵ׶ʱˡ
ʧش۽ޣԼķ䡣
ȴƲס˵ݡ
ޱ櫿ĻݶϻǸöôǴһ
֪ݶϴһŶֻһ
Ц˵ȻΪÿҵ
ǻͷٶ㼸ޱҲ
͵ĶһСڵʦƵģҲʲôܹصĶȻϲ´οԶ͸Ŵ
ð
Цøˡ
ޱҪ͸ˣ˹ǶûС
͵ñסͷƺܸ
һһݲܿƵشĵϸ
þΪԼģʱŻһִδйıĥĸо
ΪԼֻҪޱС㣬Լе뷨
⼸죬ԶҲ˵
ɲǵԺзʱ޿̲Цݣ˵Ļ¡
ЩԱڱ۾
ˡ
ޱСദ
ʹ֪ȥݵø޷԰Σʹ֪ԼİԶõӦ
롭
--
Էʱ⳴գcueޱ櫺˵˶˵ĻҲӡ
һ䣬ǻһģյҲԵúг
ֻһ˵ͬĻ⣬ֵ˻ϵʱǾͬʱ˭˵ˡ
ĺΡ
ݺüĵױͷʹޡ
ڰȣһķڳ棬ȫԳһɣϵķӿ
ȿݿԼЩ֣ĵݣ㲻ǲ۵ˣ
ݳһĨЦûУǾԵ㣬ο
Ϊķµһóԣ
˫˴Ĵָ
ޱһ䣬ϴγεʱҲô˵ġ
ȵͷһ¡
ĵһóԣݱȵһֻôһ㡣
ݿشĴָʳָһȻ̲סЦˡ
һԽİ
ݶڰȺѡԼ²ûκν⣬Ͼǿǰȣѡžء
ֻðûûεҲ
Ҳɿɰġ
þͺˡ
Եβޱ櫺һ仰Ҳû˵ݾýԼļƻǳˣĵ̾Ϣ
ޱȴͻȻ˵ϴβ˵Ҫȥ𣿷żٵʱ̫ˣҲûʱ䣬ͳŽɡ
ݵɴ۾ˣޱôһ˵ԼԼ˸ӡ
Ϊ⻰ֻǵʱޱο˵Ļ
ݽͰ͵ʣ֣ڣȥ
ȫޱ˵ĻǸ˼𣿡
ûޱ櫵˵ͷ֪иţû͵͵ȥ
Ҫȥ氡
̧ͷȻͷϽֲڣĹĹң˫޳ɡ
Ү
ЩκģǻͬˣУȥ𣿡
ôһ䣬Ϊ֪ޱ櫿϶ʡ
ͬʱĵǾһܾġ
˵ͷ
1901͵͵깷ȥˡ


32 
û뵽ޱ˵ǹ
ޱһ, Ȼ־깷ʲôģҲûʲô˵ģ
̲ҪҪǳɹˡޱļ, ĵذο
Ҳļ򣬡ȻǹҲûйڡģǲ֪͵͵ǵĶ
ݣллûбο
һĨǳЦ, Ҳû뵽ޱһػ깷
ޱ̸˾, ˳ӵǺֱӾĳʹ
ݿŴľɫƣѧУԽԽԶǸԹŮлЩġ
ޱ, ʲôʱ, ᲻ᱻ֡
, ϶ᱻֵġ
ޱ櫵ͺŰģʹƽʣݷɵλϡ
Ȼޱ櫶˵˿϶ᱻ
ͻȻо

Ҹղûޱ㣬ղ˵
϶ᱻֵġޱɫƽظһ飺ǴҪȵܻ
ݴʱѾ, ҳһֱ÷ɿʱø, ͬʱиоЩ̼
Сûɹô󵨵¡
ޱ櫲Ķ, Ц˵İ, Ѿӻ᳤õ׼ˡ
СʵΪʲôУſڰ
Ϊ̼
ݿޱžµޱ˵ôһ仰, ٴηҡ
Ȼ, Լǲ˽ޱ櫡
Ҫö࡭
ȻճӿΣΧһֱȦУ԰, ǰûУʱҲһֱڷƶ¼ĵ̴ţûôȥʶᵽôġ
ںòлȥ棬ǺޱһȻˡ
˷ܵӣ˳Լڷƶ¼׷ɱ¡
ͷ˸ϢŰѵַһ˹ȥ˶ŵ㡣
˾һ֣һ·ƽȵʻԶ

˳ȫ̶ޱ櫰ţǴżһȥ̳·
ΪȥĵطҪƯƯĲУڵȥʱûиݡ
ޱ櫰ݺͰѡʺǵ·֮ԼҲһƽ̫һװ磬Сţп㣬һͷɢͷҲ߸һ׵Ƥڵ·Ź⡣

װĹԱˡ
Ϊʲôʽô򵥵·λСôôÿأ
ңԴλС·Ŀۿɼرøˡ
λСվֱǵĻơ
۾ظǴһۡ
ӷװ֮ޱȥױ껯ױԼϵ֡˴ùˣҲװĿɿɰ޺

ޱ櫲Ųء
֪ޱ櫻ԼҲֻпЦ
ԿЩͺˣĴչģޱˣֻһʱ
š
˵ͷ
̳ҲԼһ·ɫɫºͼ򵥵ĿӣһɫĴһȽеװ硣
ǣһʲô⣬װȽϷ㶯֡
·֮ڻ¼ｫɫӥŽ
ѧУУϵзרڶԸѪĸ
ΪԷһ
Ͳױ¶ݣߣ㲻Ѫ۹ܶеĵطΰǺܺãǵϡ
ĸŮѱᱻһЩ˸ϡ
ԼҪϵģԱ֤Ǽİȫ
·֮󼸸Ůȥ˳㿴ҹӰ
ޱȥݾһƱԱƼһ˵ǽһӰ
ǻʱ򣬰ű׻ԵĲֺ̧ͷһ䡣
ʲôӰ
֪ǲӰݻش
ŶһȻͷԱ׻
ֻҪսѪĵӰͺãֵӰ֮ǰѪݵɵģÿ
ֻǣӰѡվǲˡ
ƬΪഺУ԰ʹƬľ䣬ҹӹµĶٮٮ֮
һƯСŮ϶ѧУ԰ĸ˵Ĺ¡Ůãȴǳ㣬ѧڼͿʼҵʱ򣬸ļĹ˾ȴͻʣƲ
ӰԺܶŮŮ֮ŰĿжһͿ͵͵Ĩᡣ
Ҳˣ޲ΪˣеԲСΪԼѡһӰݵľеһ˸·
ʲôֵֹеʰɣ
Բо棬Ϊ΢ŮϿԼǰӰӡ
ޱԱĬظֽʱʱСһ¡
ŮԸ㣬ҹ˾Ʋ֮Ϲ⻷û֮֮ܵΪĵҲԼ䲻˼ҡɹûаȫΪڣŮҵǾŮĳһ䡣ԭ̤ҲŮǰߣ˿ġ
Ҫ۾ְԼĸһеı滮˼Ҫ
ŮҲ⣬ѶԼĵ¸ֶ˵Ҫ󽵵ͣصġͣشѹںǰ飬١еɵҪôɵҾףͲŲ¡
ޱ櫲̫ϲòõĴȥŮԣҲɵݴʡ
޵øˡ
Ҫûޱ櫣ܾһֱͻᱻˡ
ڰУ˵ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ǰŵŮˡ
е󿿣ǰ㣬Ŷȥ
ޱСΪǹӰ쵽ˡ
ǰŵŮͻȻͷʱΪԼǴŵ˱ˣҪǸ
ȴǰŮ˵С㣬˵ãٶ˵𣿡
ޱ櫣
ŵŮҲŤŤظ͵ǰҲ˵áͦԵġ
ҪλС˵ûⲿӰʲôӢְԵءôһ˵ӺȻ˲٣һӽǿ⣬ԽԽС
ޱ櫼ǰŰļŮ˹Ӱ첻ˣŴӦǵ󣬽΢һ㣬㹻
;һŮ˵ˣݹһƿˮ
ʹǺڰп̫ŮǿޱƯǾþΪˡ
С˵ûġ
ޱЦŶ˵һлл
֪ôչģӰԺչŮԽԽ̸࣬һһ߿ľ飬һۣһųݵξͨŮʦޱ櫡˹С㣬ָԽ
дģͰͳһϵ˵һţŮԴޱ櫵ǰţһ۵Ȼ졣
ݾرһӰˡ
ӰޱߵʱиŮ߹סһ˼ʡ
ҸղŰĻ¼ˣ뵱¼ؼÿ˯ǰһ龯Լ𣿡
еЦסˡ
ޱƽ͵΢Цͷͬˡ
ѡ
治ޱ櫣



33 
ǳȥʱ򻹲ر, ȴ˵ֶˡ
ݺޱ櫶Ĭˡ
ݳĬΪۿŰһ˳Ͱͨı׻ըöĺ, ǳġ
ޱ櫳ĬΪѪĻΪԲʳе𣿻˵ʵѪˣ
˶Ĭһֹ
ðЩ飬˼ˡ
ôˣôң
ʵˣղŵĵӰһҲÿ, 걬׻;ú, ͷβڴ˯ȴͻȻżԱ˲֪ʲôóԵģر㡣
ھͺٳԵʲôóԵġ
ޱ櫿˿ʱ, ԼŵĳҪʼʱ仹, ȥԸҹ
һط, ֵһȥޱ˵
ͻȻ뵽һط⸽
ȻȻΪΪСޱ櫿϶ȥʲôߵĳԷ
˵ط֮žķһҹг̻رء
ݺͰȶ棬ûĵط
⸽ж˾۾ӣ￪ҹСޱ櫽͵
ط֮ǰڶС̺ϰĵʱ˵ģж˵ľ۾, һҪȥɫҹС
ȷʵɫ, ۹ûҹС
۹ľ϶Ų, Ϊȫ
Ķʿʿ, Ǻóս, ҲѪ, רŵ˻άҹеΰ
ЩʿǲܴѪһĿǰлɣһС治鷳ȷʵġ
˰ȫ, ɫҹкܿ˺ܶ฽ľ

ĸ˹˻ҹУ˺ܶС
ȾǵԳԺȺȣʲôûС볢һһȦﶼòˡ
һֱ˷ܵЦݣоǳ㡣
ĺϲҹУҪͺˡ
Ȼ뷨Щ̫ʵţҪĶѧУ￪ҹоͺˣ϶ܻӭҲðΣճѧУˡ

˵÷ǳģݻ˺ա
ݷȺƬҲоܿġ
ޱСҲкˡ
Ƭֿ־ԼһûЦЩź
ʵղһֱһޱ˵ǻֿ˿ڡǰƶʱ˭Ҳ£Ϊȥʱ͸õͱƴ
ޱСǰȴӵһԲ˵
̾һ򷫲ˮղûͳȥġ
ں棬īɫ۾ޱ櫵ıӰһȸС
һҪޱСԭ¡
--
ҹص㣬ޱʼźõĵط㳡
طԴʧԺ㱣ޱʹĵط
һŮΪһҪҪֻ߲ܵ˵̫ˣûдѴѵĿʱȥ¡
֮⣬п˵Ů˼˲࡭
ޱ˫£ǸҵĹæ⻹һЩˣöˣͲϡˡ
ֻǺļƻûüʵʩݾԼףܿ߳ˡ
ޱ櫺οݱĻҪǿöࡣ
ƱǰõģˣŲ˷ѵԭ򣬿϶Ҫõ
͵ǶݵĽɣһϲġ
ޱգգ۾Ʊݸ
ӹƱʱһĨãȻʵ㳡ʲôط
Ҳޱ櫣һ汦顣
ƳһƱĵҲ֪ʲôط
ޱ˸ӣ˵ط֪ˡ
Ȼ岻رطǸʲôģĵԼԼ²ӦѿӼһ㳡ָЦɵĵط
Ȼȵ֮󡭡
Լѷ
ͷ΢ĵƹ⣬֡
Լ̨һȺĺõը˧ڹ衣
ݵɴ۾̲סˣԼȥ˹ȴģ۾Ʋߡ
ޱ櫴Ǯͳһ׼õĳƱ
˵ڿƼɨĤͿֵ֧طӦֳŶԾ
ݵļָһ
Ǹط㣬£ú档
ޱ櫸ǰλãĬϵǸרλã˭˭˧ǾԲӵ˿͡
ǣܿ켸Ľ˿鸹Ӣ˱̨ΧݵΧеĻֱ
ݺѧԼոտıŮʿһѳƱϣ˳һÿĸ
һưɵޱ櫿һĻ۵Ц⣬οص˵ͷ
ţǸĵĺӣѧϰҲһǿԵġ
ôһӵģаԱݣޱҲͲˣڰ̨һƷ
Ҳ˹һԵߣҪһһľơ
ޱ櫵Ҳûȫ
һе£һƯһ䵭ʣطŨŨΥ͸Уֻ߲˵˱ͳìܣȴ˵̲ס
ʦСĵشˣһˣɢʣһݣŮûԸУ˿ʱʲôµ˼ңԶָ߹ĸо
ھưɹһʱˣɴûλڵĿ
ʦӦǵһЦһԼзƷ
Ͼ˭ܲϲŮأ
ֵǻԼΪָָ֣Ӫҵִպϸ׼֤飬һ顣
ǷǳĵطƷİȫԡ
ޱ櫵лӹһڣľƺúȡ
ôһӵĵطŮ峺һ仰õʦȻܵĵƽ
ϵЦݸˡ
С㣬ףԸڽ졣
ʦȥ˰̨һкĿˣԱߣ˻˭Ҳ˭
ޱ⿴ϵıЩ֣ҲһĪĸо
ˣ÷
ޱ°ֺһھƣ۾΢΢
õ嶼ˣҪҲɣ
˵ֻͷȾƣĶŵسҲǲ֪οڡţ˾ͺˣҲ
ʵûôȹƣϴڿɪյľưɣɪչõĶǶ͵ľơ
ޱҪһ
ޱ櫵ľûһҾơ
ĽǣպˣɹﵽԼĿġ
֪ԼˣֻǸоͷεģĪ⼸ѹֵȫӿޱ櫾Լߵʱ򣬺Ȼúί
֡
ޱ櫿ԼȻסǣü
ˣ
ޱС㡣
Ằһۿ΢죬û֮ǰƣԵЩίͰ͵ġ
ҡ
ƺЩ룬ֲ˹Сôò˵Īһ˿˵׽
ޱ櫵ȴĪƺһ£һ˵ĸо
ǲȲҵ𣿡ޱת
ҧҧĿµͷһС
Ҽʣѡ
Ҵˡ
ѣ
ޱ㶣뵽ݴ绰ࡣ
ֶȻס
ޱ櫻عַŵԼλã¾ʹһĴУԼ֮
е졣
ޱС㲻ңܣ֮ǰҪܺöö౶
˫ںڵ۾ﱻһ㾧ˮ⣬ҹգڵƹӳ£ʢͷ׵ǡ
ԭΪʰ
Ǹĺӡ
ޱ䴽ǣһں˳ĳ
ĵԭ
Ͼôɰ
ֻǻûޱüſ˵ЩʲôȺʱ˹
ȵһʱ䱻ɫÿľĿ⣬۾ʵ㣬͵͵Щʲô
ޱСͷȴˡ
۵׸ֳ˷ŭ⣬˰Ⱥһۣ漴ۿˣֽޱ櫵ͷԼķ
ʪȴһһȣҲ㣬ޱСֻҺòá
㡭
֮Щ˼ˣѸٴޱȴûɿ
ȣ
쵰֪ͼҵλá
ݣ
ۿ쿴ί˵ŮúŶ


34 
㳡ʱҲѾ˺ҹ, ޱԭƻǰź˾Ƶģȴû뵽ɳѪ
·˵ֻѪߵĽģֻһ, ͷȥ෴ķ
ޱԤľƵڸڽλá
ΪңǼҾƵĵ绰Ѿͨˣǽ˽ȫ״̬
ûа취ޱֻ˾ǻѧУ
ƹĺˡ
ȣĺˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲûкȾƵ, ڰ̨ڶŵʦ˵Ҫеľƺȸ, ʵȴǸһ
һƹݣûôȾƣҲ֢״, ʱʱɵЦ, λʡµĸء
ޱΨһһΪˡ
ֻڻس̵ĳ, ǵͷԼĸ첲֮ţͲѭղۿӡ
ɰ
ޱʶһ´ãľƺúȡ
ͻȻǲܰңҵȭͷôģ
ͻȻؿαϢİȳſȭͷ
ޱ櫿ȥ
ͷ͵ղиĹԱܵǰ, ΪҪ, Ͱ˼Ҹˡ
Ǻȥҵ̨Ǳȥޱ, ǳš
úõ˧, ˭, ȥðȡ
ĵĬĬ²ۡ
ͷһ˯ú˵İ, ƯµϹȻĿɰ
־ҲܹǸ˧硣
ȷʵ̫ƭˡ
--
Щ˾ƷǺܺã֮ᵽƷ, Ȼǲһֵģ֮Եò񻰡
ңľƷõڶܰϸһβػ
ȫκζƬ⡣
ڶѹ֮ƽڴϿͷϤ컨壬ͷһûйɵذʱ𴲡
ѹǷһ´֮Ϳʼڷﲻͣشɨ
æͣ
ʵʰڡ
Ѿʰ飬һȾǾò⣬ͷֿʼɨ˵ı顣
ϣʵǿ߳Լķ䡣
ΪһԼ˵Ļ˾߳ܵԼ
ǸӣޱСô
һǼˣҪޱСء
һҪԵ⣬ͷһĵǿӱܵͷ
ֻ׻ǳ˷䣬Ϊ⺰ȥ͡
Ҿ֮ǰĽѵҲȥӱܣͬȥޱСˡ
ľһλɫ
ֻ˿棬ָʶؽ߬ſϵĳ鲼ϡ
̧ͷ͵͵һޱ櫣ȴԷץţ˵߶ϡ
һƬհףȴʶһ
簲
簲
ޱһ΢С΢ЦӦ
һ˲ľ㣬֮Ǽϲ
ޱСԭˣ
ݿ֮ССĬգգ۾
Ǻͺ
ֿޱ櫵һţ̣ޱ櫺Ȼؽ˹ȥ
ȫҲûжԻ
Ǻָ˳֮ǰദ״ֺ̬ûС
ݾ֮ദΧֵֹģҪ˵ﲻԾ˵
ôô˶ܲȻ
һģôޱ˵仰ˣ
ݶ׵ϻĺ죬һãȻէ뵽㳡ʱ
˵ǵ֮ޱ櫵ĸ첲š챻ɫ۾㽫׮Ҫ¸ˡ
ô֮ݺȻ׹
Ʋơ
µʲôϻǼװʲô֪
ֻ͵͵ĵ׸пԭϿģľȻҲлŮһ氡
дΣݿ϶һִһľҺ˵̵СӡȻ򵥣ȴܱ£Ƥϣÿ
̲ס࿴ۣʵģر𡣡
ش𣺡ޱС͵ġ
βЩԵ΢΢ƽ侲˵ʽЩһ
̲סӡ
ûоĻղҫɣǰɣ
Ҳȷһ㣬ޱ櫺϶Ǻͺˡ
֮ܺͺþͺã1901ҲܸŷΧûôˡ
ǰȺ֪ޱ櫸£ίϴһ磬ߺȥʽǲǲϲˣȴû
ޱ櫰µٸ׼һʳȫ˳̰Եİʲ
Ϊûʺ
ͷСһ´οѧٸòãǸﻹϴʱڵ⿴ģϰ͵ģҪǮͷҸ϶Ǹã󡣡
˳ëߣȺܿͱˡ
оһ㡣
˵ˣ֮Ҫ͸ԼĺãĹ󡣽϶ǸںǸѪ㣬ȥɡ
ӮʤһعȥǰһŸ߸˵رʳȥȥˡ
ݷֳЩϲˣӧ
¶˾Ҫֵرӹɶ£ͻϲˡ
ȻҲ˸ղŰȺޱ櫵ĶԻ
Ͱɵʲô
кܶණǽǮ޷ġ
ޱС͵ÿһ޼۵ġ
ԼϵĺĵһݴƯֱࡣ
ޱС͵ġ
ʱҡ
--
ȸ߸׼ȥԢ̳ҪĶһҗȺ·Ͽ
˫һۣȻĮز
ͬʱĵһ

ӡ 
һȵϴͻȻ嵽ǰһ£Ŀ֮ұ¶ѪݣȭõĶҪڽǧٱĻ
ǵۺƤ˶Ѫ˵ʲôҲȫˡ
ֻǻ֮ǰоһۡ
иǷŭʺΪܵı
ɫǺܺÿͷ߽˰ŵµңᳵ·߽˵ҡ
ŵ֮ѡסһ¥пռ佨һεĵҡ
ĵֻһյƵĵơ
µĿռܴʩȴܼªעĿһ̨ԱϰŵĸֿܾܵȫԼǽһյյ顭
ǶڰŵԼĹҡ
ʵ̫ϲŵµ乤Ҽһ·߹ԱߵĲװŵĶһЩŤݱֲż۾˵ľżƷŵƤ
ŵµƷϴʱֶ˼
һȦͣһµżϣŮ˵֫Ťɲ˼״ȴĴЦ⡣
һϤ
ǵǰŵСһԱ
ѪζһЩδ֪ĻѧҩˮĻζ
ʹѪÿѪҺɥʧе
ⰢŵµⰮãҲ˵ʲôΪŵµ²๵ģֻǾ߹ȥţ
ŰŵµķԸ
ӵɱ˹ٰȵ֪ͨŵ¶ŵժϵİɫף˵
ȣʱˣ۵׷Щ˷ܡ
𣿡
ƶ¼岻ͽȻұѣõ³ֻҡ
ʹûҲŹ˹ٰȡ
ŵ´һĨЦȴ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵˿˹ٰǸӣѧ¥ֱӱ¶ѪŰŵ¶ֵˡ
Ƿ޷ˡ
һ뵽ŵ¶ǷŮǰ˿ĵصسһƽĸоȻڰŵǰһ㣬ǾԲֳġ
ôѧУ֣˹ٰȻеӣϴηżپѧУûгȥü
ңںһ֪·ѪһǸŮӦò򵥡
ŵµȻ֪򵥣ѧһʼѾ˵ı˸׳졣
Ȼʲôû
ˣôܻأ
ŵߵһǰԼƷĵ˹ٰȲܶѧУһӣҪȥңΪѧУܴڶ೤ʱ䣿
հ¹˹˵ļƻУܿͻ𣬲ֻУ綼ؽ
뵽ҪɵԸŵµ۾Ѫɫ˷
Ǿܣͷ
ղǷŮһĿ˵ӣɱ
۵ױ¶ڵѪɱ⡣
ϴǴˣĿ²ʩչѪ츳ȭŵȻûǷŮˣʲζ뱨
ŵѪɫ۾ָƽתͷղŲ˵𣿷żٵʱҲ뿪УķΧ
۾ѸٷӦ˼
ȷżٵʱ򣬿˹ٰȾͻѧУ䵥
עִ磬˸Ū۵ǣѾʼˡŵºһ䡣
Ѫ幹Щģ˹ٰˣѧУʬ֮϶ܷݡ
ܰʬɾºۼҲס
ǾУʵľУƽѧȺôܻ᲻ɣǸµѧ᳤ͲưոݣǺ鷳
Ҫѵѵԣֻڻֵʱ
Ժǻᡭ
ŵһ˲
̶ÿܶҪȥأôڣҪЩʲô
ҿϴʱȥɾ˼֮һָ·˸ɾ
ŵ¶Źľż͸˿߳
װĻ᳤ɲҪ̫
Ҫ֪ʱ̫һ˵ԭ


35 
һµУ԰ƽ, ûʲô
ޱÿңϿΣȥѧṤֵ, һߡ
ϸ룬Ψһֵ˵ĴžǣһѧСѾȫϲǼڲˡ
֮ܿҪרŵѵ̣ʽִ֮ǰѵ
һ뵽ٹþͿȥʽִ浶ǹȥѪս, ݳͷһѡ
ĵ޷ǻһ
Լޱ櫵רҵڶҲֻϺ, Լ̫ûãһֱԵЩġ
ܹȥοԼؿű֤, ҿ϶ᱣýġ
ǶѪ, Ǹһ, ȻϣʵȷʵǱԼҪǿһЩġ
ԣȥִڣ϶Ҳʲô⡣
Ƴ˰һۣ˷ƶ¼Ǳڵը±˼Ĭ
˵û
һᱣöˡ
ᱣޱС㡭
ȵİο鰲ο, ĵ׻һֱ, ޱȰ
Ȼûȥս, ⷽ治ܰͰʲô, ٿѧһ㶫Ա
仰ݡ
֮ǰǷǳպѵε, ÿֿεʱ򶼾ʹ಻, Щγ̸ӣȥѵ, Ҳ͵ͻ͵
Ǿޱôһ㲦Ȼ˶ѵ飬ʹѵˣٿҲûԹ
Ϊ˼ȸС
иܵ⴦ѧУģٵǰǾΣյġ
Ľʿһֱѧĺܺãڸֶṹָ֯ƣȻ˺ѪҲ⡣
ȻĿǰΪֹû˺ѪʵصۿȴҲѧ÷ǳá
ָһݶеơ
֮󣬾ȽʺȥѧһЩƼǶ̹١
Ƕ̹پͷǳóð
Ϊݵͣͱƴֻܴǻۺͼɷ辶
ҲΪͨһְܣܴʤҲŴ׳øͷƵĪ˹̹Կ
Ƕ̹һֱԼѧȻæ
ԺǶָٰ̹ѵһʱ䣬ŻһЩʽһˡ
Ҳʱѵ۵ļҪ޳ҧŸΪޱҲһѵܵĿһģҲû˵Թԣһֱڽ
Ƕ̹ٻһƵ·
εĿڴ˴ССĵӣеͨģеרŶԸѪġ
Уˮ£ܼһӡ
ڰȷʵҲѧ˲ٶüγ䲻ĹȥЩ⡣
ޱ櫿죬ҲԱ߸Ŵʺƨ
֪ǶڹķҲޱ櫵Ӱɣ֪ʲôʱʼҶúϲ䡣
ԼҲǡ
ǰܾ˵ЩΪ飬Ҳĵȥˡ
֪ԼǴôѧš
ܱǿһһ㣬ܲʲôҲƽȥ϶ĺȡ
ֻû뵽Լѵ˴ô
⻹Ҫ
Ѿȫһʧܵ߳ˣ˭Ҫ
ҲûȥҲʲô鷳ֻл˽ޣǾˮˮ
˭֪һͷȥ鷳Ͱ־ˣװ飬ĵġ
ķʤֹݣͶְˡ
ҲһүģôܵսϵѵĿ࣬УҲǽϵ
սѧУﱾͺܵ͡
˵ôҲǸˣͺ涼ŮҪǿĶ࣬ݻνСŮӡ
һʼ⧲һƣ߳ŭ̾ͳݶ֡
ɷȭ߹ﵱȻ£û뵽Լʶ㿪ֽú޷֮
¶˵ǳش
ְѲ˶˷ܣ˼ѪƵģ֮ѵ͸ӻˡ
ݸܵĺô
˵˸ԡ
ֻҪȭͷӲԺһһ
εʱ򣬲èһ޲ܸ800⣬Ҳˡ
˵ΣǻſΡ
ѧձ鶼ϲλĬȤϿ˼ʦ
ݺͰҲϲ
ޱȴܾһֵĸо
ܸ֪ʦࡣ
ֱȴָޱϿô򵥡
ӵһϣλʦ̨ȥݸٿʼԼеһΥ͸С
죬ǽڿν֮λʦ棬⺰ס䴥ֱۡ
ȷʵҲûвκ쳣
Ѫ塣
ҲûħԪز
ޱ˼ţһȥݵĲɸպǸٰɡ
պֶԸٺִܵ
Ϊǵ¹˹ƶ̸ֽģٵƣָ񣬶˵Ӱӡ
ԺҲû̸١
ޱ櫸ɯϢæһλʦ·
ɯܿ鵽ҪϢһ֮Ԥ֮Ľ
λʦȫܿˡˡ
ޱڿǷ֮ȷԼĻûд
Ӹ״֦ٵŽУʦε̽
ԭѳһž޴
ڣ
¹˹Ѿҵˡ
ֻһǳĻɣޱǰҲ׼ԲδжྪšһѧУ˭Ҳ쳣
ܿ죬ֵ˷żٵӡ
ȻѡУ԰Ի顣
ޱڷʰĿ⻮һСɵĴ۵һĨɬĹ⡣
Ĭ󣬵ǽǶŽ
ﴢĶ˹عҪġ
ޱ¹˹ҵĿܵж󣬵뵽˵磬²屳˳ݵӰӡ
ȻҪУĻܣ͸ǡ
õѡ

λؼңǼӶ˾
ޱ˳糵
ؼҵ·տʼˣһʼϡϡС㣬ԽԽ󣬾ݱ˱ꡣ
δεˮڳǰϣˢйɵذڶ
˾㲥
[α򽫳߸СʱദֵֻˮС]
[ɳĽʧޣ˴ģķݣӵһʱֳ]
ɳڵĵط
ޱ΢΢üŤͷʵҵķʲôʱ򽨵ģ

Ĭˡ
֮ǰΪ˶Уı飬õľԼʱʵסһаܵƶΣ
ķѾʧ޵ˣڹݲкˢɾ˰ɡ
ʵȥõׯ԰
ֻûа취ޱС͡
һʱѣҲü
ⳡ껹ҪҪ½ҹһ㲻ٻȥסˣȫʱȥҼסɡ
ߴ̧ͷޱῴĿ⣬˫۾ůγһϾ
žУӿ˼£ԼӦһšȴԸ˳ʵĻӦ
ޱЦЦָ˾˵
˾ֱӽȥűôֱȥűĻܸһЩϣ·ϿҲȫ
˵˾Ҳʱڹűסһҹͣһع
Ǵζȴˣ˵ļϣ̲סػζ
ϲ˵ܶʱޱСͱר˵ʱܻվһעλðš
ϲ
Ǵ˿̣Ķȴ̫ޱ˵ʲôˡ
һּʹҸĹȦ
ҹ͵͵ڹűĴǻõ塣
δǶű
ޱС硣
ڣޱС߽磬ֵۡ
ޱС޽䱸ģ֪ԼһֻѪ֡
һֻѪ
һֻҪʳѪܵѪ
һֻӵġжͼѪ
⣬ֹʹĸԴ


36 
, ϴˮˡ
ޱ櫴ԡҳŰɫ˿˯ȹһͷĽ𷢳ëȫ
ʹװ, 
ϴˣҲȥϴһ°ɣϴˮϲ˯ޱ߹˵
µʰסķ䣬ܿͺˡ
ʱɢźŵĵζ, ɫ˯ȹ¶˴Ƭ羱ѩ׵Ƥ
ɫ, ֻæƵصͷ
š
ȥԡңƽ
ޱȴЩĽŲвһ˿Ķӵζ
ﴽ
ⶰűֻµסȻܶ, ȴ״̬, û
ֻĿͷ
һ, żסһ¡
뵽ƣۿ˵Լʣޱ櫴ߵЦݲԾ˼֡
ʵС֪סķ䣬һֱŤɡ
Ըµȥʰһõķ䡣
ļҾ߶ȫģֻǳûס촲һĶҪʱ׼
С, ֻһµı, Ӷô죿
µĬһµıҪС, ϾСͬѧ
±Ӷ, ʱҵİ, ҵķﲻǻлϴ𣿡
ǡ
µȥˡ
ȴЩ졣
û뵽С㾹ȻԸԼùĴ϶, λСЩһ㡣
µֽʱѾʰˡ
ޱ櫺͵Ȼ֮ǰùıӺʹ, Ҳϴɾġűﲻˣû׼ôµı죬𣿡
Ȼᡣ
˼ػش
Ǿͺá
ޱ۾
ʱҲˣҪ˯ˣǵñ˲ͷ
ޱָָʪĺڷ
ûвͷϰߣҵʱͼüҲʪͷǶë¡
š
ص˵ͷĬţһ˫۾һգҲգġ
ޱԭתҪ뿪ĽŲͣ˫ɫ۾λε͸¶һֻлҪ˵ζ
ޱС㡭
ޱ櫿ĵȴĻ
ܰҴͷ𣿡
Ȼֺˣȴһô
һʱ嶯
ޱСպᵽͷ
Ժ뵽֮ǰȴͷĻ棬ʵкüΣĽ
֪ģ뷨ѿڶˡ
ð
ޱЦЦȥϴּ䡣
ΪűķʵǶĸòˣޱ櫲ƴֵصһƳ˳ԡң˸ϴҲǳĿ
ɵСϡ
ޱ櫵ָůķ磬һشĺڷ֮䡣
רעؽעͷϣ΢΢ͷûע⵽˴˿ҲںרעĿ
ϸԼȷʵٴͷǰΪˮϴͷͲˣûдͷ
ѧħһھܽ
ʱͷͷôġ
Сؿžˣ۵ͬīɫһȾǳԺ̰
ůĵƹ£Ե룬
ֻкƽ
ԵĻϣʱԶͣһ̡
һ̣ô׽ޱС㡣
ֺ񡭡
ĿԶռߵĿռ䡣
ޱС㡣
Ůᣬޱ櫻ˡ
ԴǴκ֮ĳƺڲ֪תˡ
лл㡣˵
ޱ櫵Ķһ£̧ͷŮ
олͷֺ񲻽
Ц
ͷɵʱڵضһ²ӡ
Щ
𶯡
ޱ櫸Щճһͷ
ȻĿĺһ͡
Ŀϵζռ
ǹǵûеõ⣬һ·Ƥӵļ⡣
оǿƤˣȴ᲻ö
ͷڴˡ
ޱͷë꣬ĨһЩ͡
һ¡
õζġ
ȴûϵζš
ˣ¿ȥ˯ˡޱؿں˳ĳ
վеļ¶ޱС㡣

--
ȥǸΪ׼õķ䣬汻ɨĺܸɾͷϴζɹůζ
ޱСùġ
һ±ӵζ·ŵ˸ղǹɺŵģޱСϵζָԾ߬˱ӵı߽ǡ
ŵҹ
һξ
һȴԸξ
ޱС㴩Űɫ˯ȹһĽɫĺڷһ
֮ô׽׽ÿһ缡֮û˿
ͣغޱС㣬ϵĶͷȻ촽
ޱСĴ۶ɢŹζҷĲ
񼢶ĺܾõˣǰ˵ֻһԵòʵǲţŸָСĵ̽

ޱСûоܾĶֻǺЦ͡
õ׿ϣõĪıأļٶȿ쵽Ҫǻڱը
ޱСÿһ缡
ҹݺ質޹ǵĳӵסĲһõζǡ

͵شӴ
ţȻһ˫΢΢סԼͨ
ȻΡ
ޱС㡭
һԼһȴ鲻Խζеĳ뵽ĳֻ棬ڵȣ˽ֺ
ذ˰ԼĲλá
Դŭˣˡ
Ѿ
ûټޱСˡ
--
磬ʱ̫ٶȳߣƽ͵Ļ뵽ϵĿꡣ
ޱ𴲺߳͵ʱµٸ
Сһ뿪ˣ˵ˣ˵лл
ޱ櫵˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Դϴκ֮СĵӴ˲٣Ȼͷ
ֻΪʲôһʹҴææأ
ΪЩֹ֡
ޱȴûһ˳ȥ˹عλѾˣ˺üš
˹عڼϢޱ櫽֮󣬺ܿɫҴҵشӼȥˡ
ޱ櫲ò¾֪һȥҵĸۡȥˡ
ԭڼסһġ
˹طԤԼ˲˵һԷ
ûϴεԼޱ櫺ܿģһֱڴϵĵƯСȹӣظԼһЩױǰ׼
Լʱ䣬˹طȴûлؼңȥ콻õ̫̫档
ޱҲֱӾȥˣûд绰ȥʲô׼ʱǸ
һ˺ܾã˹ط˵һͨ绰
ǵ绰
ޱ櫶ֻϡ衱ıעĬ룬Ű˽ͨ
绰˹ط˵Щż
ޱ櫣÷սҽԺʵ߲Ǹ첻ȥԷˣĶԲ𡭡
Щݡ
Ϊһʳˡ
֮ǰӦĺúõġ
˹ط˵һżֻңһţѰ˵ԼΪСŮĲ飬Ϊֹ˺ʹŮԼ
ûϵ衣ô
Ůһᣬû˿⣬Ŀ塣
˹ط˵ĺһЩ
ޱ׻ǹɶµġ
˹ط˵ƽûʲô󰭣ڴΣѾˣҪٿ
ţչɡӦҲ뿴ңҾȻعűˡ

µ绰
Ŵҹޱи˼αϡ
΢΢³һ
ʧ𣿵Ȼʧ
ֻǱʶ־ãĽƺ
֪Ѿϰһδεʧ
ڣûôʧˡ
ޱޱؿŴĵƺ̣ҹ
ҲŲڵƹµӳԼ
ٴθܵһ롣
׷꣬Ҳڿʼþء
¹˹ҵҲãҲʱһжһˡ


37 
ͬҹ, ͬʱһλƴĲ֮Ͷš
ȥĹںڰп˵, ʱ
Ǹ˼
Ǿûʲôõĵˡʰ´ࡣ
һŵףȻԼķ䣬š
һڵģûн
һð״̬
˹ٰȣ, ΪλӮ𣿱̫Լˣ
ҧгݵҽɱ㡣
⻰Щλεвŵζ档
ֻ, ̨¶һ̵Цݣȷ˸ۡ
Ż˭أ
˵󻰣мˢ, ħ츳,
򲻹ܱķ, Ȳ
Ϯһ˲䣬ȵ۾Ҳʱɫûж㣬ѡӭչѪ츳ɢΣյϢ
ι˻סԼؿڡ
ظܵ, ԼѪ, ܵ˾ҵĳ
ȵٶҲľˡ
ʤ׷
ȫһȭ
˵Ȼء
һֻŲı, ν˽ڵذ϶á
ʵͦϲս, ܻӷʱֿС
ֻǴǰ
Ŵžͺʧء
Ǽһ°ѵһʱ䡣
ѾܹԼ, Ϊսʧȥǡ
, ˵Ļֱɱ
һµֺݺݼһЩ
Լ̫µ, Ŷ԰ɣ
ǰ̫ˣܰҽ㣬򲻻֣ڡ
һ۸Ĵ
˹ٰȣ㲻ɱҡ֪ĺʲôɱңѧ˾ò˶þܲ鵽ͷϣʱѧУӭ࣬ŵ²Ź㣬ƶ¼Ź㡣
˵úڰŵ¾ͻŹƵġ
ҵȻɱ㣬ֻΪ˭Ϊʲôط𣿡Щͷֺݺš
ΪղŵսһЩˤˡ
ܶණǽݾõġ
һƬǽĿ
ðȵܲá
˵ϱȼʹԼޣ衣
ɫǵͨ졣
ϵ˲ڽŵסб
ֻı
Ҳֻܿŭ
Ϊھǰϵ⣬ֻ׸
شһ½µˣɫӼЩ
Ȼˡ
ʲôе
ɿţĶȹǣһʱָɥʧܵĿܡ
Ȼŷĵضץһֻ첲
˿
Щ·˲
ҧʹŰһϵΪ۵׿˸žš
ʲô
ĻˣΪиܵǰŮЩϵġ
û˵ֱжʾ
¶
ĸ첲һڡ
һֻѪƽһθܵһֻѪʲôо
ص۾һ˿
ˣĺˡ
ǿ˹ٰȵġ
Ȳôִ֪磬ʱ䣬Ա߿ţԼҲԼⴳ۵㣬ѧһЩ
оˣͼʱͣסˡ
ɿ˺󣬲һ졣
üվѪǳˡ
ͬѪȻģҲôͬе·ˣѪûеߵȺǿɲͬʲôԵġ
ǿʳǾԷ
ֻǣΪˡ
ôƷôÿǻǹζЩЩθ
Ҳп̫Եʰɡ
Ż
ȷǽûסŻһ
--
ӹűֻʳ֮󣬻һ˰ȫ
鷿¸㱨ֻ㱨ʱɫż
ΪٶЩԾؼӿˡ
˾ѾʽʼӪˣǳ˳ؽ˴Ķ涼ʼ죬ȥǼҲѧϰ˺֪ܶʶ
µĲ񱨱֮ķչƣǵĹ˾ܻܿһʾ޴ĲƸҴһͶ빫浱ȥҽԺѧУ
³˺ܶıأɽҲ֪²ܻꡣôȫĽѾķ˾޴ʽȴҲֻǱʲƸľţһë
ûбҪΪ˽Ǯȥϡ
ľӢײ㣬ԽԽ˱ӥɣŶѪʵʩƻ
ɼʹǲȱǮվЩ滹Ƿȱģ֮ǰǴι򲻵ϵ⣬ʵʵ⻹Ǵ˺ܶĲ㡣
¸йｨһǵķֻ֯ǳȨôǷڱףϴεֻƶ뷨ʵʩ
ʵ֤뷨ǿеġ
˾ܴ治ڽǮ෽ΪȫѪڵжһɡá
ȻҲһ̶ȵðգһжֵõģĳ̶ֳ˵ҲΪ˸İȫ
¸һֱੲݣ˵˰ȫµĽȣƶ¼ǱµĶ̬ȵ⡣
ˣϴηԸҲҹԼǸ˹ٰȵŮܲ鵽Ѿˡ

¸Ļ㱨һֱûͣȴǰȥ顣
¸Լһ°ɡ
ڳ
¸翴ĲԾһЩ겻ġ
⸱صǵһμ
¸Щġ
ƺԵӡ
Ҳֻǰ˳鷿
ָ˰
ӿڴóһССĿ֦
ӹűС·Լġ
Ϊߵôæûעϣ㱻·һʯͷպÿڿ֦ͼˡ
ǽڿ֦Ժ˼ҳһţʱĻޱСͷЦͷĻ棬ʱǹǸξ
ԾģָӨһǵǳɫĹâ
漴ǽССĿ֦㿪ʼĳѿ
ħΪṩ޾֡
֦Ѹӣ쳤ԽԽ䷿ݣһ֦Ӵ˳ȥ濪ɫС
һ紵Сҡҡλ֦ͷִƬƬزΡΡŷء
ܶѪ⸱ͳֻա
¸û뿪Ҳ⸱վڴ⣬ղǸӡ
ͷ͵һ
ò˰ɣ
˽ʮꡣ
ŮĽഺ¶͡
ڵ³ǴţûнӴʲôԡ
ͬˣڵͺնأҲǳ羴Ӷ࣬бʲô˼
˸һڰȫĴССϣûֳⷽʲô
ħʧصĳ̶ȡ
¸ò롣
¸˵ˣΪԭ򣬰ʵϲٵȴһϸ׵ġ
ʱ̲סȥ̽
ʱ濴鵽ĹҹͰȵϡ
¸һһСòˣûʲôѪ
ֲˣ
һӦҪˡ
Ǿûˡ
¸ĵһɣ漴һš
Ѳࣿ
ѪԹһɾûʲôýְ
¸ˡ
ھУûʲôȽϳڵġࣿ
е֡
ҡҡͷ
ӪȺˣŮ£ѡ˭ԺͰȳ˴ĬϵĹ̶
ǿҲûˡ
Ҳˡ
£¸һϸ׵ǷŻ˶


38 
ٴοѧ, ѧԺһСѾϣֻǻûУѧʽʼƽУ԰һơ
Уˡ
һﱻɱ, ȫѪҺɣͬҵѷֵʱϢڴϣѪˡ
ѻæȥ˹Ա
϶ʹУ԰ѧУĻ̡̻
ϾУĵطѪ, Ǽֱϸ˼֡
ѧԱ, ܿ콫εΪĵһ
ǾޱСҲˡ
ȵȻѪѧУɱʲôûʲô˼ģȻѧԺǱصѪж٣֪϶һֻĹ
֮ǰ, ߵѪ, ͼü
˵׼Ƕء
ϾȺѪú, ֲƵѪҺôǡ
뵽Щرأغ˸
ŵǸ̬϶ˡ
Щֻתͷ
Ǹβ͵ӣ֪ڵЩʲô
ӦûнѪɣ
˻βԷЩ
㬵ӡ
аһﲻѧУȻ֪¡
֪ѪôѺ, ŲȥѪء
, ɶ
һ, 䲻ʱɢһ, е俨Ƭ, һݷ嵥
ʱ, ĵ˼еĿܡ
ѧԺѪһаŵ¹š
˭ô󵨸ھУɱأ
ֻǣʲôѾ˶ԷԷƶ¼Ŀ־, ҲҪɱࡣ
һֱӣϵһñʻ
߰ɣȥһˡ
ȵ˵۾Щ˵ԼĸƵġ
Ҳ֪ڸ¡
֮ǰ㻹ҪĻ
ȻЩģʵʵȥ
ǾޱСӵһγޱ櫴ͷǰ˷ֹͰһȥ鱻ѧԺ罻ϵɸѡһ˵ķΧ
ޱ櫺ֳһԤԼʵҿ˵ʬ塣
һʵϵıͲԾͱרŵ·ףޱһǰȥʬ塣
ϸһʬ
ΪʧѪû˿Ѫɫ羱ӵĵطѪԿѪֱʡ
ûм⾷Ρ
ҲûܵΪֿԵ˺
ϵĵıϳֳһַɵ״̬
Ѿɥʧֻǽ˫ۣƽ鲢Ե
˺֮˹ϵݼ֮ޱ櫶һ۵
ֻˣŻ᲻ɱʱ˲Żûаĺۼ
ޱ櫵˵ͷͬĹ۵㡣
ܿͽˡ
ΪμӵСӺܶ࣬漰ƽ⣬ѧһͷ֪ͨʬҪѧᰲŵͳһʣ֮ٽͳһŸСӡ
ҲΪֻǼõϢʵޣޱ櫺ҵ˺Ȼһȥɱֳûʲô
ǵʱѾкܶСѧˣһӲֵǽȥ鿴ֳ
ֳغܺãֻڹ̶ڹۿҲ㶯ڵĶ
ޱɨһȦڵĻһй۾ࡣ
ҲûԲĺۼ⻷Ե쳣ɾذɾķŹ⡣
Щڲӡ֤ļʺܴ
ָŴ˵رֵʱ򣬾ŴϣʼѻΪ˯ˡҲţһֱӦѲŲ²Ƿʲô⡣
ػսϵѧݽ̵Ľ̹˵һѧˮƽѪҹϮѧϰˮƽٲû˿
ûпǴɱִ֮ģѪǻ𣿡ԼĲ²⡣
Щסš
ޱ櫵ѪĿֻǶɱأɱ֮ΪʲôҪµؽٴأ
԰ҪɱˣֻѪĵؽ˴Ҵ
ݺ˺Լղ̫ˡ
óһƬݸޱ櫡
ƬϵӢʣ¶ݶЦǳ⡣
ǻǰƬ
ޱ櫶Ƭ˼ϣλͬѧԸǳĺáżõԵΧͬѧǶҲܸߡԸõҲܺͱ˽𣿡
һ˵ɱжһʱΪԹΪıȡĳ档
Ѫһ
ϵıȻ۵׵ĺ⼸Ҫʵʻ
ѪɱʲôɣԲбǴɱҲҪʲôɣɱ˾ɱˣֻǵʳ
ĸɱǰա
ʱ̫СԲֻܶ¹ɪɪۿſɲѪְϵѪɡ
ôȥˡ
һǷ棬ЩƲסԼ
ȺݺһԼָ⣬Ŵĺʱ˹
Ϳ͸Ѫһıʡ
еѪ
ȵͷ˵ˡ
ޱע⵽ȦЩ죬ҲЩ
ǵûжʲô
ѧѪƽദۣѧôõĹ۲죬Ⱥͻ᳤ԼѧԱǿӲάӥɡ
ֻ޲óѪһźá
Ӹպȵı־Ͳѷ֣ŮǺѪһЩĳޡ
ʲôޣֻҪҲܴ³
ޱ櫴۽ޣԺȶѪĺ⣬вûʲôо
ȻѪ
ȴҲϣûѪ
ʰ߰ɣֳܻȡϢҲЩˡ
š
ޱ뿪ʱ
ǽϹŵĳɫTһɨ
ǼTĿʽЩ졣
--
¥ָޱһ
ǺͻйУԱִʱԴ֡
ޱ櫿ûӡ
ЦģѧϽԼڲԱߺţϾͻᱻСҲܹƽȡԲõ⡣
ޱҲЦˣŽӹǷ
лл㣬ȡ
УûʲôҾˣСӼ͡ȻָǸ߹޵ı飬ˬʵػ˻֣Ȼ뿪ˡ
ݴչһǷ
漴ޱ櫶һۡ
ϾѾõˣֽϵĻҪϸ
--
֮ٿһ飬ֻ꼶ĳԱμӡ
ڻء
üЩأѧԺһֻѪǶ֪ζʲôһǱضֻһҲûֻһ
Ĭڻϡ
ȵȭͷ߬ȭ
ѪǱǵľУбЦЦ
ҧѪ壬òʹѧУڲ˰ɡģΪ£֪ʲôʱܷ֡
һ»۾·ȫһ£緢־Ԥܶı緢
±Ҫϲ飬ǵ㣬ôսֺ˹ᶼ
Ƕٽҵҵ֮޴Ҳǵսְ˭뱻һǰƲɣ
һӴǵȻ밡
ޱ飬űʵȴЩ
ղŻô˵·ͬСعܾһġ
εҲ˳ĳֻѪ˽жɱˣôһǱŵѪȻԴ
̬ηչ
˭֪ѧУﵽжѪǱţ
ȥУȥðա
˵һֱڰе顣
ôһ⣬Ǵݾˡ
ĿⲻɫڻһȦ·ŵµʱͣһ롭


39 
ŵһ˻ҵ, ɫһ˲øѿ
ܿյϢһ档
ϵѪ㱻ɸչ죬廹ûȫ, ˿˵ľԵġ
ʵϵܣҲϵľĸһЩӰ
Բܵ˹;عܾȺڰϵİŵͻȻ˵
Ⱥ˶ǳѪв˵ǹиXʱƾֱ֪˭Ѫ, Ҵδйʧֵļ¼, ÿζ˵׼ˡ
ŵ²ţôʶǴʢΪϲڴĳսʤѪ¼нӢ󣬺ô˵, ľƵġ
Ц
ֻ, 䲻, ȴи¡
ŵ±Щ¸úûģЩһԱߵӡ
ģһ˹ٰ˻㣬һ
ͷɫҲѿ֪ŵ˵˭
Ҳһ߷߲ƽӸ͵ѹҪʵУͷƫ, ڹȻˡ඼αúܣֻԼԽѵ, Ҫǡ
Ĭ, һֱû, ̧ͷ͵͵һ۰ŵµɫ, ƺƽ
ЩСʵǡô죿

ŵ, ̶һʱ䣬ȻһЩ˼·
ֻ, Ϊ˱ȫ֡
ٲҪһЩˡ
--
ΪѧĹҲߣÿ춼ѧѧϣȡ֤
òһСӵˡ
һſеһСֺޱ櫺˵¡
ǲ˼飬ѧУﾹȻǱصѪ˵֮ǰһͻһѵأȻ죬Ҳû˵仰
⻰Ѿ˵˺üˣÿζ㷢ԼĲţʵܿǲŻ˱֡
ﲻûгȥִй
ѾУͶһˣֻѧУǱѪ¶Ļǳ̫ˡ
һֱѧУֵİȫС
ʵȴһֱȫĵطʵҲΣء
ҲԵ磺Уֵط켣Ѫֻиֱ̫࣬ˡ
ޱ櫿û˵ֻҲһĵӣ΢΢üʲô¡
ˣȻ뵽Ƕ꼶Ϊޱ櫵һξ£϶лġ
תͷֿʼο
ޱ櫣ҲҪ̫ڵģ˵ǶˣĿǰһеĴҲǲ²⣬𣿡ο
᳤϶Դеģ֪˹ss+Ѫ֯սһսڶʦϵɱѧء
Ǵǻ᳤СӺ˹һɵģҿ̫ܲѧУĶԿҾŻ᳤ӡ
ᵽ᳤ʱͻȻһɨ֮ǰĵǣٲȻһСģ
ޱ˳ص˵ͷÿüȴûɿ
ޱǻʲô𣿡ǵʵ
ǺͻͬƽʱϿεʱûпĸŮ̸
һ£ΪʲôͻȻôʣʲôµ𣿡
Ҳ
ޱ櫳룬׻˵ˡ
ͺһȥͬѧҲ鿴ֳʱǽϷһTͼ¿ġҲ²һŮѡƽûпʲôŮϵߵñȽϽ
ϸһ£ûУûֹ߳ʲôŮԺѡˣ֪ǻһϹһ˵ء
ǴǹΣպǰˣ˵޹ؽҪĳ滰ҺҲǺ죬Ҳ֪ʲôŮߵýգգ۾ƽ͵
ޱ΢϶פһ룬ջߣһɵı飬ҲֻûиݵĲ²ˣǻԼTҲ˵أҲ֪¿ֻǿÿˡ
ǣЩ¿·ĺÿϴξһѧУﻹһײʽˣΡﲻͬˣڨڨ˰֣͵
ܿݸһ䣬Ϊ칫µͬѧѰҵ
ޱ櫲ɫع۲һԱ湤
ᣬһۿȥ޺ദʡ
ƽʱǺעش磬żҲֻױǽ죬ޱ櫷ƺŨױ
ŨīزʵױʹױױݶȻճֻܿһЩױС
˿ʲôޱܿͿ˺ܺķ۵Һ
ʱĳ˲䣬ϻǻ¶һεƣС
ǿþˣߣ̧ͷ
˶һۣޱ櫶ЦЦ
ҲһЦݡ

;˵껰ͻȻܵĹλϣģܲһȥϴּ䰡
ȥϴּ仹Ҫ㰡
ⲻǺ𣿡Щ߾СԴӷ£һ뵽ߵͬѧѪαװģ;ú£˭
Ҫúָ֪Ц
ЦͲҲѪ
Ƕʶһˣڻ᳤Ƥӵ¹ҪѪͱˡ
ﱧֱۣӹλЦԵ˵ˣҪѪ˶ҲͲôˡ

ŮԻнԶ
칫ֻʣޱһˡ
λվƵİ칫ĳ룬һɫСʯͷ
ʶһֱȴժ
ɫʯͷֻмӿ˾ݲУԢ˺ĽһõԢ⣬˶ϲӹ͸ˡ
ɣӿ˾ǻصļ硣
ǰҲǱһʱ䡭
ޱָᴥһǴһʲ˵ļӡԺ

ɱصֻѪ
--
ĵ飬ͰѾеϵˡ
ȷǸŮ
ĸ˶ڳԷʱԼ˽ջ
̧ͷޱ櫣Ůѧˣ
ţһ칫﹤
ޱ櫶룬۵ǸŮ
ͻȻĬ
Ҳ˸ɷ֡
㡭ϲ𣿡
ţͦкøеģѧṤ֮չҺܶࡣ
ִֵԸ֮ںܶ෽Ҫϸĵö࣬սѧʱ򣬶䷳һеעÿ˶ԷҲܻعæ
˭ıȥһۣܷǸǳˡ
ʹǸѪޱ櫴һʼ֪Ծɾȫαװġ
Щסˡ
һŰһ˫۾һޱ櫵һʧͷȥԼָһСģ˺üΡ

ЩԵƫͷȥ
ϸһҲزסôԵı֡
Ȼһ룬ޱ櫵ѯʽӶ
Ǿɣ
š
һҲ鵽ͻ¹ϵ
Ǿ˵ͨˣҲţؿ϶ԼŮݼص
ô鵽ģŶ̶죬ѧᶼ֪ؼޱʡ
ɱλͬѧֻҲŲɡҲ²ҲֻѪˣȻֻֿҲʲôҪϢ
Ȼ˻ǰе罻˺ţһ˽Сɢɢдżƪռǡ
ܶ඼ᵽ֣˺ƬǽϻƬ
Ѿʵ֤ˡ
Լֻϲ鵽õչʾޱ櫺ݿ
ⵥ֪˫ðؿжޱȳݡ
̫ˣϻ㲻óĶ𣿡
˺֮Ĳ
ѵרҵɼǵһ˵ѧʲô׾ٵһѧͻᡣ
һ㣬ᡣ
֮ǰ̹һˣԷֻǿһ飬͸˿һһġڸСζװ̶һģһ
ƽв׵ĵطֻҪܸȷĽ
ĺѧ֪ܡ
һǸš
̲סٴĵĬĬ
ޱ֮Ĭ˼룬iüڵƹƺмã
԰׵ɫڲ̱Եָڵļ˿ƿɬ
һ
ѹɡ
ߵֻĵѪ
ѹǹȻӿĿɬѯʵпܾǸѪʽó۲Ʒ֮ǰΪ˰ȫȥѧֵĻһߣ𣿡
ޱЩص˵ͷͬˡ
ŻȻӦѪǴʱޱ櫵һܲܡ
ɫӵؿޱ櫣Щĵ㻹ޱ櫡
ޱ櫴СֻһʱЩܲ¡
ݾûԼԼҲܲˣæϽοޱ櫵ѹѪƽʱٺÿ϶ҲװģαֿµѪֵΪ֮ѹ
ĬеİȦһ죬ĬĬؽͷøˡ
Ժ֪ʵҲѪһҲôѹɣҲƭ
ʱ򣬰ͷһξԼƺ֮ǰ顣
ϵƺӰ飬֮󶼰˲١
䣬ޱ̧ͷһҪ޳ģίͰҪĿС
Ȼɫ糣ȴԾüƯĴҲš
ţֻС


40 
ǱӰ쵽, ҹڴ˺ܾû˿˯⡣
ַһ¸鵽ϡ
ҹϼޡ
Ϊ¹˹õŮ걻ӵ˷ƶ¼Ĺ
¹˹úܺ, ˺Ϣ㶼ڸ߼ܣôҲ鲻ˡ
֪ܵϢǣλҹֽޱءƶ£¹˹谮ֵ
λޱعǰ¹˹úһλĻѪ֡
Ĵкܶ, ʱҲܾԶ, Ѿõ޴ӿ֤ʵҹȷʵһλӹɵĴѪ
ӻѪɴѪ˭ҲŻֻƵ¼, ֻ֪ԾǴʼġ
ſѨ, ĬؿֽϵĴӡС, ⱳʲôصԵɡ
ǰҹӣƶ¼ȥѯ䣬ȴ̵ʱеѪ嶼Լ֤
ȥˣ¹˹ûҵ
ҹĳʧˡ
˵ʵѾˡ
ҳ, ڶ
Ҳǰ, ҹӵʱԶ
, һֻصѪӿ˾ݵһСׯɱ, ԲʮֵѪɱ, һ, Ѫ塣
ȻͬʳѪ岢Ҳûֻɱͬ塣
Ȼ, ֻѪѪŭ
ʱѪ嶼׷ɱȴûһҵ䡣
¸¹ɽΪҲҹֱʡΪʧķʽѪ嶼Ҳһ˿һټ
Ѿػؿ˺ܶΡ
ͬ¸Ĳ²⡣
ֻҪѪ ܻ֪ͬϢ
ħжϢ۷ЩǱġ
²⣬λҹʲôķܳԼϢͬ෢֡
ֱҹûпܺԼתѪϵ

һǹڰȵģҲѾһ顣
֮£ȵϾͺòö࣬¼о˽ʮҳӳڵϢ¸ˡ
򵥷˼ҳ滹һƬ
ǰСʱƬСС͵һϹŲõЦԾͷﻹһޡ
һƬһЩӵ
ǷϣͬƬһ˰ȵķš
ȱѣһſʱɫѿ
ҹʲô£
һۣԹ߽˷䣬ź󻹾ֱ˸£ǸģðȺݺݷ˸ۡ
㻹ǵԼ֮ǰ𣿡
ʵЩĪ쵰ҹģ
ЩͷԣŲȻˣֲ࣬ѪļǺܺõĺ֮ǰ
֮ǰ
ȴȻü
֮ǰ
֮ǰ
ظ˼仰֮ǰȴǲ
Щˣüƴ䣬ͼԼʲô
ô᣿ôһҲ벻֮ǰأ
п˹ٰȣСĸΪĸĸڷƶ¼սбɱӴ˱ƶ¼

ͬ꣬ܿͱ͵˿ǵʵңƶ¼ƺʲôҩʵ飬ԺļͿʼˡ
ĸ
ûиĸֻн㡣
һŵؿ
ôиĸأԺûйǵİ䣬ΪӦͽһŶԡ
û˵ǽϵݸԼ
Ѫڲ֮ǸָССսⶼͺܶѪ庢ʧȥĸƶ¼ὫЩ͵Ĺ¶ͳһɸѡһ͵ǵʵҡ
ڿǵʵҲǷƶ¼Ķܣ֪Ϊնغ͵ǾǴӳġ
ʾҲǸʵҡ
ֻǳĳԭһֱ˻
ʵҵܸ죬İǿȺͼܶõ˴ǿȴ⡣
Ȼʵûôɹ
ȼɥʧ
˵ҲÿĿİᡣ
ҲǴ֮һֱƶԼһ㡣
Ȼͷβ˹ٰȵ켣оûνһ֡
ȷٶȺܿ죬Խɫò԰
˻ңǲǲˣһиĸǾԲûн㡣ޱ櫾ҵĽ㣬ҵĽ㣬ôûнأ
Ĭ˺ܾãƬҲ˹ȥ
û´ĻĽ㣬ֻһޡ
ǸŸĸΨһĺܾ£ɵĽ𷢣տɫ۾ޱ櫺񡭡
㶵ؿƬϵˡ

ޡǽ㣿
ܶ౻Ķ϶ٴ֡
ʵҡѪҺӡ
ǯ
ֹĿ޺Ͱ
ͷðȵ۵һЩᣬͷ١
ˡ
ûн㣬һֱֻԼ
ǰܶ䶼ûҡ
˵ֻһ뷨Ǿҵ㡣
ҵ˽㡣
˽֮𽥿ʼһЩĶ
ʼݽʲôóԵʳ
ûкúýèꡣ
Ī˹̹ǸƹûлѧУ
Լ˭һֽϲ

֪Լá
ҵ֮ÿ춼òһˣ޼ɵЦÿ춼ܿġ
Ϊ֪һ㡣
ǻԶһ
ˡ
ĽǸ˵رޡ
Ǹڿʵҵʱͱ˺ˣǿΪ˳ͷ˺ġ
ԡ
ͷβֻԼһ
ûн㡣
ȱͷڵϣֻʣԺһޱЦһر˺޵Ĳк
㡭ҵĽ㡭ûн㡣ʶţ۵ʹࡣ
߹ȥͷϵָļ
˰۵׵ˮ⣬һ˿ǸΡ
ǷˣƮƮذڵǰ˵⼸űֽ԰˵ȴԻסݴĹȥ
ûϵֻҪ룬ԼޱС㵱Ľ㡣ޱСϲ㣬ʱദѾ㿴Լˡ
֮ǰޱ櫰ο˵ӣЩ׾ŰļСİο
ֻڴ֮ǰҪ֪ǵʵҶʲôǲǻηżҪһһ˰ȫ顣
ʱһ
жԻޱڴϣںڰ۾ĳѪɫͫɱ⡣
¹˹ƶ£ǣлҪ
--
ڶ죬ޱȥֵ࣬ҪȥͺǶ̹ٷϢ١
ԭѾ׼˰ȺڿÿһĻճˣǰûдչڲϣһƬ˾Щ겻ᡣ
ޱ櫶ҪˣҲûĴ
İȵͷЩοζ
ݣ
֮ǷʲôҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻôҪˣ
ѰĿ⿴ޱ櫣ޱҡҡͷ
ޱ櫺֮һ簲ȶһ޾ɵӣҲûΣ
ƽûûεİͻȻݰҲûΪʲô
Ϊ˺尲ȿģݻһֱҪԵС⡣
ȾȻԳԵĶȤˣ
һǷʲô£
ͫ׵𣬴˿Ŀʼˡ
չȥסȵżŮȣ˵˵׷ʲôˣ
ݿϵĵı飬Сĵͻӿһί
˱ޱҵĽ㡣
ⲻһʼ֪
գգۣӦǰ׹һ㣬ѹˡ
æȥ˱Ȼ뵽Լ֮ǰһͷ
ûû£ԸĻԺҲ㡣
գգ۾˻ȥ
ܾ̾Ҫֻһ㡣
ݣվҴˡ



41 
칫, һش
ȻŮ߶ŮݾǸŮһ
Ϊ﹤, ÿܶҪѧ¥һμ
رŮɲһʣȴֲִӹɢ, ѹʲôƵ, ˵ԸС
òض˵ͷȻһ߰æļˣȲޱСǹ, ԼҲе¸, ̫ġ
סޱ, գգۡ
㻹ʲôû𣿶ҿҾϲŮ
ޱЦ˵ͳԴˡ
Ųء
ԱվŵЦЦһӡ
ǵģҲϲŮ
˵Ц˵Ц, ҺֻܿصԼԵλÿʼˡ
صԼİ칫ǰ, ̧ͷĿպԡ
ֻôһ۶, Ƽ˶Է۵װΣյľ档
·ѩɽϵĹ, 俴, ֻҪʲô, һ̾ͻҧĲ
ѺõЦЦʲôûƵ, ȻصͷֿʼԼ¡
һޱ櫸оһڸɣǻûվȥˮԱѾһˮ˹ˣ滹ϲȵĻ衣
¶á
ллޱ櫶ЦЦ
һĻһ_Ŀ࣬Ѱ趼ôػ΢ġ
;ȥһϴּ䡣
Ҳųȥˡ
ޱ̧ͷһ۱ϵķţȻصʹüۡ
--
ϴּ
վھǰţ֮󣬴ˮͷԹԵϴ֡
ģҲ˺ޱ櫵ġ
һϴ֣ͻȻ˵ֻҵ£òҪֽϷƶ¼ûкô
ƽվϴ̨ߣžԼŵ²̬չƽڵ׮鷳Ļ߻·
ȴʣޱѾ֪Ѫˣ
ûлش
ûлشʹſ϶Ĵ𰸡
һ㣬вûие⣬֮ǰޱѾѪˡ
ϻѸٻڴı飬ǳʵʲôӦû˵ɱң˵Ҷģ

һֱ޺΢Цޱ飬඼α˵һף浱鷢ʵһס
ϲޱ櫰ɣ
ʢűЦ⣬ȾżֳǿЦԼҲǸŮҲ˵ֻѪӦ֪Ѫ಻ʲô³ɣ
޹ءüҲȾ˪⡣
ȴ¶һĨ˷ܵЦҪҪҴģͶ֪Ѫͻתߣ˵Ҫɱ㡣඼ûһ⡣ǺѪ֪ǵĿ֮ͻػӵ򡣡
Ҳġ
һҪɱ˵ֻҪ֤İȫҲ˺κλᡣ
Ĺǻ˵ŶԭǸػʿֻǡֻĵطĬĬػĸ𣿡
Ѿټ̸ȥĳˡ
Ǹ˱ѵĿŮˣѾ˷ħ
ת뿪
ϴֻּʣԼվھǰɫЩ԰ףԾɵһš
⣡
Ƕһ

--
ޱֵȥ·ϣ˵ԼĲ²⡣
ǾУѪȻѾĻǱؽôĿľԲֻҪھУɱˡɱˣҾӦиıǺúõԼݲֲŶԡϧ¶ҲҪɱ˻أһʲôԭ򡣻ǲǷݣȻ֮ĸ顣
ҡҡͷԼ̹Լݡ
ޱ۾ЩȻ漴ЩȻ
밮ӵܻ˵ĺɽˣֻǺŵʵֵʱȴ١
˻صŵԣᰮԼ¸̻¶ԼݣȻȴûмԼŵԡ
ļ䣬۾˰ضȻһ䡣
Ѫమעûк³𣿡
ޱ櫳Լ˼УͻȻôʣ΢΢һ»شעûк³ѪమҲԽ⣬Խһ֮ʣһ޾ֻӱʹĥ
ɰһ˱ͲԼܿƵġ
СޱЩûתͷһ顣
ʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô
ޱҲû׷ʣ˵Щ˵ǾܳʮİҲѾ㹻ˡϾҲʲôòϢĶʱԭܻὥġ
ʮꡭ
һޱ櫵Ĳ
Ļò
Ļ֪Լİ᲻ᾭòϢ룬ŻᰮޱСܾãܾá
ԵĻߵľͷ
֮תֻأԺҲִҵޱСÿһֻء
ȥֻҪԶԶĿһǹðþͺá
ޱСֻһ
ΪޱСת᲻ǹòá
ֻԶԶһۡ
㹻ˡ

ޱȷֻѪĵҹ쳹У
ѪҹϮ
ɧУޱ¥һ
ٿգһֻѪʱž޴ĺɫ򣬳Ǹ⼸ѧԢ¥޲𹥻
ѪħԶ˺ǳ
ظУԱɫ֯Ԣѧȶ밲ȫͨɢ
ھ֮ǰѾ˲ԵϢǺ˰ȣȻھһ֮Ѹޱ櫺ݵš
ĸ˾ۼڿ
֪Աһ϶ɢԱŰȫͨİȫԣҲܱ뱣֮ˡ
ֻҹϮѪҲ֪ǰŵµֱʣȻ˻ûԹվڶһӹɵġ
ɰŵ»ҹϮҵͰȵ鷳
ǣȴܻܿ˺ޱ櫺ݡ
Ѹĵ˾ϣҳһͷսôһϡ
ϸһޱ櫵ͷʵʵԶԶȥֱ΢һ
Щ£˿ɫЩ԰ףԼϵսʵҪȥμս𣿡
£ҿ϶ᱣͽġ˵ʱԵøɿ
ޱµ뷨˵ͰȥμսҺݻԱɢϵͬѧûսʱӦûӾʧ롣
˵ͷ
ôġ
Ͱ˵ǣֱӭϣޱСݴͳһս켣Ⱥﷴױ֡
˫ַסޱ櫵ļ򣬡ǾޱСӵһҺͰһɱֻѪںһҪ¡滹ȥæͬѧһǶǴһսȥ֮Ǻһ𣬲ҪжǵǧҪժͷϵͷҪԼ
ٺܿ죬ɫ֮࣬۵׻Ų
ڵ
ޱ櫴ļⲻԾ
ҶסˣģҲ¡
Ҳ£
δµݵЩǴ˵ԼҲ£ĵװľҪæ
ͰȴϷװʱ򣬶꼶ħϵսϵѧѾʼսˡ
ŵҲС
Цһ¡
йװģġ
ŵƺĳҲһζ΢Ц
սϵѧܹⲫΪħϵͬѧȡܵʱ䡣
ֻѪ弫ƶ˲ֻһӰ仹ںҹڻ£ͿĸӲˡ
սϵѧѿǹ֮ҲжԷ̶ôһʱ䣬ѾкüѧԱˡ
ǹһѪ峬ǿʹǺڰС
ֻҪ룬鷢
ǵⲻһһ꼶ѧˮƽƫ˼ǹеǹеҲѪϵĹؼλ
̶ֳѾˡ
ƵӵֻѪж˺ܶ࣬Ϊħϵѧṩ˻ᣬλ꼶ѧһ𷢶Եħܣ׼ȷ˵ֻѪϡ
һʱĽţֻѪˡ
ԶԶϵ
ѧȺȻһ޴Ļ
Ӯˡ
ʤˡ

ĿⳡսѧѪȣ˵ļڷӿһ꼶ԼҲôһǿǰѪս



42 
ѪҹϮ¼ܿõ˽, ΪͰȵı֣ǾޱС˺ܲĻ֡
ֻѪΪsΣռսͬѧܵ˽
ѧ֪֤ᷢͨʾ֮ǰУ԰ɱصľֻѪ
ֻѪҲ¹ϲ䡣
̻¶Լ̬Ǳ˾У, ɺ֮·ɽ˻صңպöˣԾɱ
׿˵һԭͿУΪרŶԸѪս˲ţЩɱ˲Ѫ, һԤıı
, ¼ٵִУֻѪѺˣ˵ᱻͽѪ, оרá
ھô, ѾǾУѧʸʵˡ
ݿѧֻᷢϵ֪֮ͨ, ݺһ
ԭsѪУɱ˱̫ùˣôպþǱأ˵һͦϲģѪ̫ˣ
ͻȻʲôѵˣԺҪǧǵùؽŴֹѪɽ

ݵĻɹڵƫߡ
, ¶ٳ˵ǴҲƭƭѧ, ΢еӵﶼȫ׽͡
ڲκεط, ˶ֻռеļСһ֡
ȶУУԼֵ֧ľ߲쵼뿴, ѧ֪ᷢͨҲȷʵ˾ѧ
ֻǲ֪ϵķƽ˾άֶ೤ʱ䡣
侲ĺʶޱ, ֪ѧǸĻ᳤ɲʲô򵥵, ŵ΢Щĸ˶Ĵɵ
Ҳ᲻¡
˿İӿŲ, ֻڿĽﻺŷ꣬ңȴ
ƶ¼ͳҰĲֹͣһңݱ޷ճĳ̶ȡ
ֻ˽ĺܡ
ûʲôӢᡣ
ֻϣ浽һʱ
ܺúûסޱСͰȫ㹻ˡ
ޱ櫲Ŀ⣬Ҳתͷպÿʶؽüͷ
ЩЦ
ǵ19ꡣ
ССͣôٲģ
üͷýģĸоٶװ۵˻Ҫء
߹ȥȻָ֣ü壬ƽǵĹ֡
ڵʲôأĵӳ
û뵽ޱ櫻ͻȻԼܵĶ۽ëգ£ȴʵʵվûжֺܷ
Ĭ룬󲻴ʵҲĲѪ𣿡
ţѾ֤ѪҲһءޱ۾ܿĵӡ
û˵ˡ
ޱСܴԸԼѲѪ
ͬʱҲӡ֤ܽһѪѵĴڡ
Ầ¡
಻Ѫİ
ʵĵθ߹Լⶼģһ뵽һޱС֪Ѫ־壬ӶؿӣͻǸеһ˵ܡ
һֱ͵ʱ鶼ûкתݲݳ˼ھͻԼķ䡣
ޱ櫵߷ֵЩֵֹİϣ֪ʵȣôˣ
ȿԷʱһûʳӡ
ޱĵ̲סˡ
Ȧһ죬æͷȥ
ޱ櫵ߡ
Ҳ
ޱ櫵ֿݡ
ҧ룬ʵ̲סޱ˵ˡ
ˣ֪㲻ˡ
͵תͷݣ۾ɵԲԲģһѵı顣
һ
Ȼ֮ǰӦҪܲޱš
ǣޱһ֪°
Ҳܷΰȼȥˡ
Ҫ֪ڰȸɷˣԼÿʳö඼Բ˷ˡ
˵仰֮ޱĵҲһڲװ֪ˡ
ޱ櫴Լλվߵߣӵסĺ󱳡
ɵӣʲôģ
۵һ㱡ˮ⣬ڿƲסһǻԺͲҵĽ𣿡
ֻҪԸ⣬Զ㡣
ޱ櫵ᣬȴðĵŵʯͷԭء
ҵȻԸ⡣
Ҳ֣Ҳرһޱ櫡
ȾԼҲôǡ
ǣѪ
ĺϲ㣬ϲݣϲףϲ1901ҡ
ɿǰݶݵů
½Ժ֪Ѫ
Ҳֻš
ܶӵůһҲá
--
رɱ¼ĹһЩŷֻܾҹϮѪĿڹģ˰죬ҵ
˽˰칫ҵ̨˵
ʵܾЩԡʵ
̾һ
ȶ²Ծˡ
Ҳûֻǹ˼ţ֪ôڲźá
˺һŵ˵һ䡣
ԺҪСİŵ¡
͵ؿͫ׽۵ǲš
ץ˻֡
ů̫ȴֻþû׹ѡ
СʱʶˣŸ˽һˣֽʮþȵİգǲһ۵ġ
ô˵˰ŵµ֣ζѾȷ֤ݡ
һ˲ͻȻ֮ǰ˫СһŮڳʱˣʱѾĻȥοŵҪġ
룬Ƿ̼ˡ
һֻѪôأ
˵ǸŮҲɱģȴǰװģ
ϦദΪεѺսѪԼĽǿ˿̻ЩԽܡ
ٵغţĪһҪŻĳ嶯
סļ򣬳԰˿۾Ĺ⡣
ȣ֮԰㣬ΪѾˣǰǸ׳嶯СŮˡ
֪ôڰŵǰ֣ⱳǣĶ̫ˣһֻֻѪ£ҲĿǰܽġҸ㣬ϣܶҪɵȫ
֪ôԲݾߵġ
ҧأ΢΢һ¾ؿԼҪȴ׻ûסȦ
ڸĸѪɱͷҲᡣ
ֻʾų
ҪѪĸꡣ

ǸẦ¡͵͵ĨСãĳˡ
ǿģЩζӳ£һָ翴óɳοۡ
йõһ棬Ҳкܶпڰһ档
ѡһעòԺܶпġѪʵ·
˲ѡ
ӵһοʼɰŵ¿ʼҲԽܹʵ
ʵĲпս̻αüǿĮ
ǿʰָ侲ʵȷѪģ
ѧ¥ĸ䰲װ˺ܶͷش
֮ǰŵȥңҲȷʵļ¼ԼݵĻָ·ȫɾɾˡ
ֻ֪ѧ¥ɢڸĻͷǾͶ͹Э豸˭Ҳûߡ
ǽͷǸ˹ٰȵŮ̸л涼ؼ¼



43 
ͬʱ, ڵʵİŵֺȻһʧ
ǰѾ˵ġƷȻܵһķꡣ
Щ̫˵Եʰɡ
Ϊʰµ̯, òƳԼֵһʵ㲻ǿŪ˹ȥ
ջ
죬ŵǿֱɱĳ嶯͵͵ѧУҹһûȥܷ֮׼, ¸ѧڲˡ
֪Լӭӵĳͷʲô, ûжķӦҲû˵ʲôֻЦЦ
ѧֵ, һ, ûƵȥ˰칫ҡ
ֵʱ, ޱܸоԼ̬Щ׽Ĺͷ
ޱ櫣㿴ÿһ͵ģֻļʢء̶һʱ䣬ѾüΡ
ÿޱ櫿Ϥص˵ͷ
һһ͸òá
ޱЦͷð
ÿ仰ʾƵġ
ޱһʱһЩ²͸ͼ, ȴֱöԷûж⡣
ڿ쵽ʱʱ
ҪҪһȥͬʱ, ޱ櫼Ҳصͷ
ƺһûзġ
Щ⡣
а˼ѵޱҲѾѪˣ
ͷһ, ָܿȥ
, ޱǸĹ
ô򵥾ͱЩŪɵӵ˵Իȥ
ֻ, 治Լ
Ŀһޱ, ۵ײŸӵ̽

ޱ櫸ȥҡ
һľһŨصľζ
ܶණڵϣĴɢŵĻм˵ľƿ
תͷЩ˼ضЦЦ, ǸЩҡ
Ȼ߳䣬ȥ˼ƿƻýźҵĵ߳һ΢ɾĵط־ͿŴˡ
ڴ֮ǰɳʰɾһɾë̺ޱ
Ѫ塣
ɱġ
ͷ͹һҾƣȻ쳣ƽĿǲʵ
ޱ߹ȥҲڵ
Ȼһƿƣһͷһڡ
ţ֪
شʱҲ쳣ƽȵĿǣͺ˵һܺһѰ
ҾƣޱһҲֱӶžƿӾͺˡ
Щ³һ㶼ƽʱŮӡȴһ˵˧ⲻǱαװģǴɢ

ĺѽб˲ϲ
ޱ櫣ȻüиĪĵЦˡ
˵ϲ㡣
ޱҲЦҲϲ㡣
֪Ϊʲôɱ𣿡
ޱͷտɫ۾ݣ˵Ļôһ
һߺȾƣһ߶϶Լͻ֮¡
Ǵһ꼶ʶˡ
Ǹкᡢʿϸġ
ʼʶһ꼶°ѧڵʱ򣬵ʱǶΨһŮΪѪʱǿΪ˲׾Ϳֳһӡ
⼸ڱԹֻлվǰ˵Ĺзǳĵչˡ
ʱֻǾЩһﲢûʲô뷨
֮󣬻ؿʼ׷
Уʵǽ̸ֹģʵȴûôعأܶҲ͵͵ԼİԼᡣ
زԸ׷ķʽҲÿ춼һţԼдʫ
ûлûҪ˵ıװȴʫЩҪãϲ
˰ӡ
Ϊİŵ»˺أԾʽ̸Ҳúεķʽ֪
ºǱŵ֪ˡ
Σʵҡ
Űŵ¸ԼƤȡ˼ͷ
ûд
һֿ˱ֿܵҩ
ȫѣеظܵ˷Ŵʮʹ
ҪĴۡ
ֻŵ²ŻӦᶯص
ͷѪĸоĺۣۡ
ʱȴúֵá
Ϊĺܰء
ͬʱҲֿţͬȵذ
֮İǲһġ
֪ԼҪͻسþһĻݵĻƱزά̫ʱ䡣
ھ˺ܳܳһʱ֮Ҳϣ֪˻ء
죬Ӵɵķ̬ǰΡ
ûбֵر𾪻ʧ룬ֻʼʱһЩԽܣܿͻָ֮ǰӡ
ӵ
ʱֻۣԼûаˡ
ȴһ룬ھ￴һ߱һߴͳרŶԸѪǹ
ҾһɱؿһҵĶر죬ûиܵһʹֹͣ˺
˵˲Ϊʲô֪Ѫ֮ҪɱأҲ𣿡
Ůʱжеķ֪ۡ
ˡ
ޱû˵ֻذᡣ
Ѫ㲻𣿡ģؿЩã
¡ޱ
㶼£ΪʲôôأҴûҪ˺ȴҪɱҡ
޵øˡ
ޱ櫱סļ򣬡ˣҶ֪ǸŮԭǲ˺ǲǣ
Һѹ˵ңҲԺ롭ӵԶԶģȻǻһصļ磬һƫƧĵطһһϣȵʱһԼԸΪһУΪʲôҪңΪʲôӦҵһû˵ģ˭ұʲôֻҪͻԶҡûǸɳܵƭӣ
Ѿϵױ޻ˣûڣ¶ƣݺͲ԰׵Ĵɫ
ܿʱ䣬úܲá
ޱ̾һαֵá
ˣƭңҾ͸ɱԲԣ
úܶԡ
ޱ櫸һ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ļֻøݡ

֮һѻ˺öй˳󣬱ƣ˯˹ȥ
ޱ櫰ϣ˳㻹һھħٰһ·䡣
Ҫȵ뿪ʱһϤϢ
̲סЩﴽǡ
Сˡ
ʱ䣬ų֮ǰޱ櫸պô˷ųȥÿſڴŴŮ
⣬ôˣ
Ϊ̫ܵˣ͸һ㱡ķۺ죬ںڵķƯ
ޱ櫴ս˲ǵĺ
Цôôѽ
ںڵ۾ޱ櫣ȷȫݣһĿʱƽ
ޱСȥѧֵ࣬ҪһȥǺܵġ
ֵҪʱ
ʱͬ칫ǸŮȴޱСȥңǰСʱ֮ǰˡ
ʱеƲסԼһ˲䱻û
ܵٶȳ¥
һ·Ϻڳ˫ͫŷꡣ
ǻ𣬾»ᷢ
ڣû¡
𽥻ָƽţΪþ̫󣬻һڵõ廨˹ȥ
ѻ͸㡭˵⻨ҪͣٹһͲÿˡ
Щɰ
ޱ櫲ҪЦȻסˣ۵ȴĶǺڵЦ⡣
ҲԼ˵˴ڵؿ˿֣ϸոɢȥһıֱӱɫ
ʵ˽ڡ
ѧУһС˽͵͵̸Ļգ̻ĳϰͽһõ廨
һ㣬ûֵõá
һ֧
ΪԹֽõ͸ޱСˡ
ӺǰֻܽõĹűǰ
õ͵Ĵ̨
ڣ͵ϡ



44 
ѧת۾ߵĩβ
ܿ쵽˷źٵļڡ
˵ֽк, ʥŵλӵ۹ϣûĶ졣
ļ紺, ǳʺ˾סҲԭ򣬴ǧǰʼȨܶѡ׶
һ뵽ϾҪֿˣݾ;һܡ
ѧУʹҴһʱĵʱ, һ㶼صԼǸļ, ÿļĸͼõİۡ
Ƿ⡣
ǵ֪ȵļҾߺԶٶæûлڼڼʱ, ݺܿʰ̬, , ٷż֮ǰ˳֯һ˺ܶա
ݻ鷳ڿװһƬǽĺõƬһèЦúܿġ
Լ͵͵ղһֻޱ櫻׵ĺգ˺ܾúܾá
ŵĺޱĵġ

Ҫżٻؼˣѧһ죬˵Ҫһٴ, ޱ櫰æȥҪʳĺ͵ϡջ, һžͽӵɯĵ绰
ɯ˵ʧˡ
ô£ޱһ߽ŵĶʱ, һʵ
ϣｫݶһ, ȻԸ, Ϊ˷װǰҳ, ֻȻ˭ûиߣҲǵ֪
绰ɯ, ޱ̾ü
ѹݶҷϢˣҷȥϢҲǸ˺ܳʱ䣬ܻظ
ޱʣϣｫ˵ڶûҵ
ȥ̽ˣûϢҳҲһˣץôأӦҲ˵ӣ˵ӳϣｫߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɯ˿˯£ɳվߵߡ
ǸԼ͵ĹСϲ׵ľӪܣҲܹһЩѵһͨ˲Ķ֡
ݱֳһҪصö࣬Ǽǰ껹һȥĹιʲôȫ̶ڲٰ죬
ɯǲһ˶ʲô⣬ֻϵ˵׻Щ԰ġ
ŴҹɯɫֶԵ绰ޱ櫣ʱϵһݰɡ֪ģĻ
һġͷޱ櫻ش

ɯֻ΢΢̾һ
ֺγ֪ΪʲôôִֻϧЩעܱչ¶֮£ֻһӲšҴš

һߣޱ櫹ɯĵ绰֮󣬽ָݴһ绰
˺һǱʼû˽ӵ绰
ޱνӵ绰ûбܿˣڿӵģ͵˺һİȱһСԴ˹
㣬Ǹͷĺѳʲô𣿡
մʱװڳݴ֣в˵ĶҲһ¡
ڶβȥĵ绰˽ޱ櫱㽫ֻرգ˳ȵͷû£ҳˡ
ҳʲôģÿŶ
۾ģЩĽʵǣǣҳ߽㲻𣿡
ޱ΢һ£ȻûϵѾݵʮҳˣѾоˡ
ȣ
ͬʱ۹ĳ֪ıСݿڲֻݺһ
ļڣʥŵů紺ҹĺȴȻЩ̹ǡ
ݹ˹ϵ̲ס˸£ǿŸޱ櫻ص绰ĳ嶯ǽֻѸ˻ȥ
ֻѾΨһֵǮĶˣ󵨵óֻʹõĻһͻؤС͵Ĺˡ
һ죬Ѿû˸˴ܵûȲҪ鷳Ϊá
ʵҪһ㻹ǡ
ûôޱ˵Լڵ
¹ӵҰ֮»ǿϸɾխֵЩܵرסԴ
һʱͷԷȣ׼ҳߵģҲ֮ǰܶҳЦвζèϷ
Ĵ
ǰ˲˾Уձ׼걨ȷҪдӾ
ײϲһŮӡ
ǰ棬ִȴû˼
û뵽ͷҲģȻĸһ¡
ߵһû취Ǹȥˡ
ֻҲԳйٵطˣԼḻû뵽ȻҲбƭӸƭ˵һ졣
һгǶԿĸŮȻǸƭӣϵǮƺƭ˸ɾݾ̲סһҧгݡ
Ϊʹ֧ͻᱻǱ̲׽Ϣ⼸ͷҲûʶϢ֧ʽ
ѾϵԼ˾ĻܿյĹİˡ
뵽һ
ָϵĶ΢΢˼֣ϵıҲԾ
ҵͷҲǲʲôȲͲøϽһ
һˡ
ƽߡ
ǿΪ겢УȴԶͻĽཻһ졣
ݿЦų˳ǣ̧ͷ£žҹú૵
ޱ櫡

Уż٣ѧ뿪ѧУʱҹһޱ櫡
ġ
˲ȪԱߵ˵
ѾҪȥĵط𣿡ޱ
ҡҡͷûױɫȴԱǰ쿴˺ܶࡣ
Ҵ㵽ȥﶼá
ڸİˣ˭ޱο
ɵαϣε죬תͷſЦˡ
ѾѪˡ
ⱲӶٰһˡ
ʣµİ仰û˵ڣΪԼޱǰ˧һ㣬Ϊһ˾ҪҪ

--
һż͵һʱŰȻ˰ȫ
ŵ´Ҳû뵽ܴϰȫߣȷӦȥץ˵ʱѾҲӰˡ
ֻܻػ˷ƶ¼壬»Ҳûй
ΪæŰ¹˹̽λǰӵޱع
ʱһݹޱ櫵ϸϡ
½ػط˺ü飬̲סͣϽǵƬϡ
۵Ůֱͦö̬áǳǳЦţüĿ

λǴź䱸Ĺȫһ
Ҳûʲôĵ㣬ǴӳࡢʡƢԡ·񡭡涼ྶͥĵһޱ櫵Ůܿɡ
֮ǰޱعͽƶ¼ֵ췭ظµؿڻһ˿ڡ
ȥˡ
ֻɺģأ
ˣԺ˫ĮѪͫ˾Ȼ滻Ů
ԸһжҵĴɡ
̾ϢָȼһȺɫĻ棬Ƿͣڰеȼմ


ҹ䣬ޱ櫾Υյ˵ѶϢ
Ϊ֮ǰڷƶ¼һҪС£ײҪش鱨ʱΨһһθԶѶϢ
ͬʱҲӦʲôҪ鱨
ޱᳵ·شʼʼ֮ϢҲ룬临ӻɬҪһתԡ
˳̸һֱֵĴѶ
ޱ櫺ܿתתõ׫дֽϡ
ֻ̣ܶС
ޱȴ˺ܾúܾá



45 
ޱ櫷żٺĵһȻ˹عһ, ͵ʱһĿѵžһŷϡ
˹عڹٳΪ⣬˵ȥְλʵʵʵȨְ
ٲޱ櫼ȥ濨ϵĹ͡
˿عõʵʵ, ԴŮȻɫⷹ϶̶һʱüΡ
ޱ櫶źԻͷ佫еĲͷڡ
磬ҲϾҪˣҪЩѵ졢ҵ, Ҳѧѧ㡣˹عתͷСŮѵ
ǡ
Щĵҧҧ, ׵ĿԼĽ;¡
ࡣ
СȻĸǰԡ
ΪʲôϹĸҲֻޱ櫣ô

ɷڷϿ˴Ů, СŮ϶ˡ˹ط˲µһ, ֵȥСŮķ, ֮ǰÿذοȰһ١
Դϴο粡֮ĸŮĸƺָֻ֮ǰܵӣ֮ǰҪá
˹طҲûҪޱһ𵥶ȥԷ֮¡
ᣬޱҲûֻǵ֮ǰԼ
ڶһ, ޱ櫾ʹصԼĹűȥ, ˹ط˼֮뿪
羹ȻҲһ, ͡
ǷǳԲˡ
ޱ, ЩװýʲôµСС
ȴʧ
˵, , ҪһµСͱ˹ط
һס
ޱ櫾úġ
˹ط˲ȴںһδСŮ衣
ޱһԵس͡
ԼĶݵĸŮϷš
˿ϴҵ˵۶ķװʦɯŮʿһ׶һ޶, ƯˣҲɯŮʿƶ衣
λɯ˵˹ѷǳ߰
ȻЩ΢΢᲻ã˹ط˻ʹشӦˡ
ɷܵ˹˵ʶĵλˮǴߣԣ˹ؼѾ֮ǰǸǰĲƾɹ󲻿ͬնˡ
һ㣬ύĹԽԽһֳ
𽥱ԽԽã˹طĵҲģǺܿͲҪٹֽʳˣôţһСŮҪкη
лл裬ˡ
˹ط˵ͷЦøˡ
ȻʲôƵģתͷޱ˵ˣ㻹֪ɣ˺ҪٰᣬǼ뺯ء
ǿǵ۹ʢĶƷ壬Ҳŵ۹ȨνȨ
ԭ˹ؼưܵľɹҲܺ島Ϲϵġ˭뵽ǼξȻҲյأΪѾ˷һˣԼСҫ
һźı飬۵ȴڲزסֻֻЩϧֻţûнķء
ԭء
ޱºЦϵıȴûô䡣
磡
һԵ˹ط˵ǳһ
ǲͬҲСŮЩ̫ˡ
ʹǳСŮ֮˹ط˽ɫЩΪѵֶޱ˵˼Ӷ˴Ĵ⣬ٷһޱȥĻȥ˴绰ʺ𣿡
ΪԼŮƽôʣֱͻȥͨ绰ˡ
ޱ櫷еĲӣ˲ǣλЩɺ
ˣ֮ǰѾҴ绰ˣ˵Ѿ͵űǱˡ
绰룬Ƕλˡ
ʱԼղЦޱǰŸ֮ͨ۾ִһͨƢܵĪ衣
ոշǹⲻ˵ģ뿴ҵЦ۵Ứ
˹طɫҲЩѡ
ĵЩԹޱΪʲô˵⿴Ϊѡ

--
뿪˹ع֮ޱ櫾ֱ˳űǱȥԼĳֻǲѡ
һصңɯͰǾѾǰˣµæŸ㻹Ʒ
ǶΪݵġ
ЩɳϣһﾹȻһԾˣҲһ£ˣһҪúýѵһ!
Ҳһֱϵϡ˹Щģֲܿ²ϣ﹫ɣһЩֶ׷ͨѶ¼ݲóȻϵǡ
ޱȰǲҪ̫ڵġ
Ѿݴε绰ˣȻûнӣǺָһһţ˵лġ
Ҹұ֤ݿ϶Ųҽӵ绰ġߺߵ
һص绰ҵһʱ֪ͨǡޱ˵
ɯû˵Щġ
ޱ櫣ȥ𣿡ʡ
ޱ櫵˵ͷ
ỹԴ绰ģƾܣȻҪȥ䣬ǰλ˲ʶҲֻڱԶԶζѡԷȴ绰룬һҲܳϡ
ޱܸоûô򵥡
˹һɯЩĵü˵صذŵģֺܶǧĿľΪ˸ѡʵء
һװɯָôأ
ޱ櫻ѧУǶʱ䷢˺ܶ£ɯ֮׷ᡣ
ڼʵַ˺ܶ¡
ɯһȥ漫˶ʱЩ⣬ǰȣΪԭɯ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬һȥָˡ
ԸȥԼɯЩжԺȻҲģȶ֮ǰе˶ĸһЩ
Ѿ½һʱˣǰĸףλ֪ɯĴ֮ȴǳ⡣
ɯȻǧãֻλԳֻɯһõĹѸˡ
˳ۣ۽ˡ
Щޱ櫻ѧУʱ򣬰ʹ绰˵
С棬һޱ櫣ݻǰʲô¶ϲ˵ɯû£ҲֻΪǵѧУﲻ㣬û뵽ǰѾ˵ˡ
ɯĲʲôģǵ˿ڱʲô
˸Լʼɯ;ûô򵥡
ʲôֻǵİ
ûԺ󣿡ޱʳ˹ؼ㡣
ɯ㶣һʱ֪ô𻰡
ʵ˵û
вӦȴûԼԺҪװһ
ϲģϲеȥΪ
һ룬ɯȻԺ
ɿһֱŵüޱ΢Ц֪ôˡ
ӭʲôԻסԼĽ

ڶϣϣ˹ȻɯǰȴȻĸԣĿ֮ɯˡ
ɯûһ˿ԥؾܾ
¼ֱƵЦһ
ֵһ±һ־磬˵ɫ࣬ȴΪ˱Լ߹ķ緶òǿջάĽС
ЦյޱߣС˵㿴Ů˵ɫǾʼˡɯɵƯ͸ôΪ˭ͲҪ޽Ƶġ
ޱҲЦȴû˵ʲô
ɯѡкܴԭǶ԰ûأʵʵǼˣҲǻͬѡ
Ϊޱ֪ڰ飬ɯɣһֱ֪ԼҪʲô֪ʲôѡȷġ
ɯǰһƯսۺ볡ˣʣµıЦţ·ʲôûƵġ
˶ǹ߻Ϸĸ֡
ʵĵ׻֪ôԽء
Ź˽ºܴܿˡ
Ҳǲףĵ״ʱըˣȴҪǿȥк͡
ޱ˵˼׻
ޱ櫱ֵ󷽣̸
ĵȴЦ룬˴Ų֪ɯǺ¡
ϣޱ櫻˲ˡ
һʦˡ
ˣһ㶼ϡ档
ϡߺ̸ῡˡ
ǻ¡
ˣޱ櫺ȻЦˣ۵ױһƬ
¹˹ƶкܶ๩ʹĹҪܸɡɡ
ϴμʲôʱأ
ϸ㣬˰ɡ
ôʱ䲻
ڵ
Ӧ׾ɣ


46 
²˲ԶʥŮεĿ, ̸ֹͣתͷȥ˵Ŀڿн㡣
ʱΪʦĽܿˡҲԼѧ
ޱûоţҲûƿ, ǴһĨǡôò΢Ц󷽷ʦԶԶ˸к֮˳ŻԻµͷ⡣
ֳ˹Ůֵǡ
ޱȻתȥѽ̸ûбֳ˿ģµԾ
ʦ, ҲǽܿˡŻ¹صѯʵ, ҪҰй𣿡
á
ҡҡͷ
Ѿ˽ôȥ֤ˡ

棬һݳƷطⱦ߹ʱ򣬺ܶ˶ԾزĿ
ط˾ֱߵޱǰ, ȥһ˵, ߸ϽϺعº͵Ц
̫̫ܶ⸱ӶЩĿ, ǿɴûط˻ֺɫʱ
ϴͼֽ鱦ϵзҲǳãù˾棬гѾۣvʦѾһԾ۹ʦˡ
طһֱޱ˵һǣЩǵغ˵Ȥ
ɲҪѹͶƵ, ȫԼоͷ, ƷӪԭƷظ涼ĺܺ, ԲŵõгϿɡ
ޱ˵ú, ֳϹòĿ׻طϵЦҲŲԾ˼֡
ǰ, ǾͿʼˡ
ǰŮƷһ޶, ׬
ûɲޱ櫡
ط˵ʲôȨ, ϲ
ٹȦŮϲǰװùĻʱȣʵȴΪͶһ̥ڼ￴˵ɫûһԡ
ȻǱ˵ļҵ£ûôйȥܡ
ֻƫƫЩŮ˿ĴҲͰˣÿ
ȷʵǱ١
ĸҲˣСǮ۳ģʲôŹǧС㡣
ʳԼҵͽ뿪˭ԼܻĺܺãԼԼĵ
óЩΪŹŮķ̫̫ǿǰűɱ˹ط˾һ
ɲʲôĵƵĺˣûסͼ˹ط䡣
˭֪Ů˾Ȼ㾭ס仰˵ˣŮֹˡ
ҲǿЦ
Ҳⳡ־磬лܹʶޱ櫡
˹طŮ˴಻壬һһĺŮ
ޱҲǲʶ
Ůᣬȴкܶ۵뷨ıϡ
ط˷ǳޱ櫵ĲŻ
ޱҲñӿ񿴴Լҵ㣬һλŮԡ
ط˵ȻܿģޱΪ֪
۹չѾִᣬƼĻ˴ȵĽΪͳγʱ̫˵Եʣһֱ춼ûȫ߽⡣ΪֹᶼûȫʱѾˣһԳݣѾʱ˵Ĺ򲻿Ϸ֡
ڳһܿЦ
Ȧ̫̫ܶһ߲ϧȥеǮҲҪȥݳƷһƲǮطˡ
ΪЦǣǻȥǮط˵Ŀڴ
ȻҲһԭǲ֪гȵĸƷطǰ˴ƵĶƷơ
ط˵ĿһȦޱϼȴؾ˵һĸ߼ƷװϵзϺþҪˣʱҰƬûϲĸ͹ȥ
ãǾǰллˣطˡ
ޱЦŴӦûƾĺ⡣
ΪطǸŮˣĨǡȻ˵Ļĵġ
ȻޱͷЦøˡ
պƸպӦεŮģЩ·㴩϶ҪģػҪƯ
ޱ۾
һ̸ӡ
ԶԶһֱעߵ˹ط˺ͿﶼЩζ
˹طЩ
ǸŮ֮ǰޱȴ˿˼ĸף޽ٵغͶԷȥ˵
ǻʡ
ҲʶλطˣǮúܣޱ鱦λ¼Ư
ƾʲô
ƾʲôͺôޱһռȥˣ
ЩŤ
ϺܶˣֳϣȻԼ˾һѱ졣ޱ櫴֮ͷǳæܶ˶
ںطʱ򣬺ܶѾƻһȥˡ
нעǱ滹˿ԭڹעޱ櫣мƫһͷĿպòע⵽˹ĸŮϡ
֮ǰͿǿʶ
ʱǸҪڽȦӣ˿ԭޱ櫣;ýһҲ˵ʶޱء
֪Сĺܣûʲôŵ㣬ǹ߻Ƽ˵ģһҲһ
ʵϲͰ˴ˡ
˿һǡɿŤı飬ЩЦ̲סתͷԼСС̸۵ǸӣԼб¾ȥֱϲＵ׽ʲô¡
Ů԰˿Ϊģ˵ʲôȻŸͣȻҲкܴԭҲϲ硣
ǰҿһ²͸ﵽôġ
ޱ櫶ԼǺõû˵˹طﲻݺãôһȻӣ
˿͵ص˵ͷ
ǳͬ˵֮ǰڼﻹ۹Ҳ˵䲻ޱ櫶ôá
˵ݡϣҳ߳ɹˣǣǾʱȥǸȱô
˿˫в˷ܡ
ҪޱС꣬ҲΪԭô˶ûѡ
Ȼ˿кܴĴҪݡϣΪϲС棬ɣһޱ櫵Ľɡ
ˡ
˿Ļⲻ
˵ɾ͸ɣԱߵŮڸ͹˿ҧҧһ뵽ԼֻԶԶؿݡϣ췢ЩҫζԵȦһ󲻸ġ
ôõĻǰɾ̫ϧˡ
ʱ壬ʱ
һҪȡݵλ!

ޱüº͵ؿԼǰɫźƻƵŮĵĵ֧֧ĽǾ仰˵˳
˹С㣡ңҵǰ˿
˿һͷһֱӳȥޱǰһߣԾ˲һƬհףȫ֪˵ʲôá
ޱžɥʧͬʱ˼άͻȻɢôƯд϶Ư
һ˵ǸӰʦҵģ𣿡
ޱ櫵ͷ˼롣
ûĹдƬɯĹǳƯ
ĻܿҪһԶʧķʽ뿪ˡ
һƯƬҲ
ð
ޱ̧ͷЦŴӦˡ

˿ɴ۾ޱϾʹӦڴ֮ǰʶ!
!ȥ֮˿漴ľϲ̽ǼӸϵʽ
Ȼ󣬰˿һɹӵŮϵʽ
˳ػصԼߣطϢ



47 
ǳ, ɯͺͰˡ
ɯȷʵģ˵ȷʵǸ, ҲǸð¡һӶܿģãҲʼԸ⸶ȥӦǷݰ⡣
ֻߵһ
ŮŮء
Ρ
ƷζԲŲΪķ, Ҳ۱˭
ɯһں, ζͿζһ˳źǻһ·ӵļ⣬ű, ž޴شҹ
ʵ, ֮ǰһǰʱ, ÿÿҪ˭˶֪ѵĹѸʱûע⵽ɫĲȻ
ʱ롣
Ҳûȫ׼öݸȫ̽ܰɡ
Щ
ףʵĵȴʲôѵˣеСӶࡣ

ΪԼҲûҸġ
ֻһȥΪļСջˡ
ǾԼܻ
Ȼûʵ, оȻǶ԰鱧п, ˱翡ʵʵĻ롣
ɯ
һߴֵ, ɯȻתͷȥ
ֻůɫĵƹ, ޱڵ̺, ΪȾƺȵ΢, հƤЩ졣
ڿ佱ľ治
úͶȵ㡣ҲЦ
ҵȻ
ޱ۾ÿֱ۳ͷ, ʱտɫ۾ﷺĹ⡣
ɢذë̺ϣһֶֻźƱ۾΢΢ɢţɢڱϵͷƽ˼һֻ߹ŵè
̲סֻ͵͵˺üƬĳ˷˹ȥ
ȹȥһαΰɣպǶ죬Ҳþûúóȥˡޱ櫽Ŷɯ˵
Ҳèһ
ģġ
ð
ɯӦ
ĵ̲סһů
ޱû˵һ䰲οĻЩġĹġ
Ҫȥֻ
Ϊɯ鲻ãŮ˵˵ҲãͶˡޱˣ˹ȻҲڡǹϵõļֻݲڡ
ἰЩ㡣
ޱôǲµ˰ɣ
ĸа۾˸С̽һ䡣
ͻȥϴȥĿǰɡޱ櫼˼һ£ѩãұǽҲÿǱߵľһͦţÿʱ򻹻жıϴξǲɴˣθպȥֲһϴεź
޳ɣ
˹Ѿˣ֪ޱ˵ʲôֻһҪȥ棬͸߸ˡκؾ˫֡
ǰɫӲԾˡ
㲻ȥ𣿡ޱͷ
΢΢Ӽֹǵĸо
˵ԼǱޱˣ飬ֻоһͻļ¡
æһĨЦûУҵȻȥˣֻݲڣ˸ˣҾùֵֹġ
ݰޱЦһ£۾ȴģûһ˿Цȱ˰ɡ

ˣˣ˰
ͷһ
ûޱ
ɾƢһº͵ˣŸ£ޱƢõˡ
ûм⸱ģ
˲ˣҲޱĵ˲èèͷ
ʲô°쵰ҪʧһװǴ绰ʲôþᡢݵģǰҳʧôҲûö!
ҧŴָɿֻϴ֡
[!²ޱˣ]
Ǳ߼ء
ݣ[]
[ޱ櫸ղŻᵽȥǣôҶǲǲµܵǱȥˡ]
ݣ[Ĳµڿ!]
[Ҫ!]
[Ҫ!ޱڶᵽ֣ղ˵ʱĿˡҶû취ָоȷ϶ˡ]
ݣ[]
ݣ[ô!]
[ร!Ҫϵ!һޱ֪ڸͨ籨Ҳҵô죿]
ϲޱֻа֪ʱһֱб硣
ڣԥѡݡ
һߣݶšޱˡǼֿ˺ܾãЩյ̾һ
¹£ҹ˹˵Сֻкպշ˵ҰèԸ⵽һ󺮷紵ͷޱ޼ʵɫʲôϻ䡣
ԭѩˡ
ޱϲѩء
ݷԼпƾɵǽϣƮѩҹգ˼ԾƮԶ
ޱ櫵
ǵʱĸ׸ոȥæڹϾ˼ھ޴տıֻһȺӶչ
꣬ꡣ
Ըȫһ
СްȫС
ҲʱǸϣǸӣŮݡ
ʵܳһʱݶһֱУ԰衣ʹǻСѧʱ򣬹ͥĺȴձ죬ѧУһȺŮ
ȺŮִ˲ƣݵλͿˮ߿װīˮˮǹɫȹ˺ĿαϼкԶ翪ЦͺСӡ
У԰𽥱ݵجΡ
Ҳûкõȥ
ϣｫҪھٻֻһµıķչݵӣЩӶ˶ֻǸķĻ
ķһŸ߶нʣһȴչ˹ĺӡ
ݳʣ͵ȹӸԼСŮ
Σķݵĸ첲вҪһиס
ݱԽԽϲ˵ԼԼܾκ˽
ޱתѧУʱݵͬ
ʱֻԼǵԼͬǸƯµżһŮûж⣬Ϊ֪Ҫ˶ãͬͻ֮ǰŮһŰһ۸
ǸͷŮ
ݴûǹѧʱ͸һݺܰȻȴǳϲûԵɡ
Ϊޱ櫺ܿҲ밬ӪûС
ǳͺ棬ݿʼ𽥹עԼͬ
ŮƯ
ϲ
ϲЦʱ·ߵһССݣΪû̫һС¶ܿġ
ƺﶼǿɰġ
ǰƯŮʹʲôЩ޴кǻڡ
екޱ͹飬İ༶ͣÿ춼յͱס
£ޱ櫣ޱ櫸ܻӭͿʼŰ༶ŮҲ
ޱȴƺѰ
ЩνĶ磬ֻͬ˫ķʽȥǱǸ˷ػضǰ
ڰĵСආŮǶĽǿҲðߣ䲻ǵĸ棬ǸΧޱҪĸ࣬ʼԷ˰
ŴûҲбһ죬ʹ࣬Խܡٺѧʧˡ
ݲԾʼԽԽעޱ櫡
ż˵
ֳѡ

дΣޱȥݵļͣ챣ķǳܵӦݵĿˣ˲ʵˮ͹˵ʳ
ݵһθо˷ŭ߳ܡ
ޱΨһѣȴҪĶԴ
ҪȴҲֻûõ߬ȭͷɫǵͨ졣
ʲôˡ
ݼҪ޳ͷһζűķŭķȻѾߵ޷죬ֻһķȻҪֽ̧ѵݣӶ˾ֻԹۡ
ļ䣬ʱѾǵûôˣǵõʱĻޱϵˮ˱ķֵĴȡ
ʱޱܵ¥϶䣬ϻմѪȴתͷסذοҪ¡
һ̣ݾޱʹǽߵػʹ
ޱ櫻˾죬ֵúܴϣｫæϻؼ֪ľ֮󣬵һʱ任һӶˣ֮Ҳǵÿܶһ˿ݡ
ݵ˷츲صı仯֮ǰѹԷ˺£Ϊޱ櫶һˡ
Ǵʱʼһֱѣ»ۣһ𳤴ֱһ죬ݷԼޱϲصĿ
Ļš
ҲԹΪʲôһˡ
۹ʢеĹֹ̽ͬףΥŮŮñϽ̼ܡʹʱչ۹ķŴǰ޷ĸڡݴСĻʹû˵֮ͬҲӵа
ܡ
Сݵܡ
ʼģ˵װ磬ʼͷˣǿΪһˡ
ֻгΪˡ
ʸ˵ 
ޱ櫲ϲ
˵ÿ
ݾ˳ԾɱԵĴ硣

תۼ䣬Ƕˡ
İδջۣ衣
ݿЦһֽɢǰͷȫ£ԺԭѾʳƫ׵Ŀݻɫ˵ĻһҲлһ㣬ʧȥԭѤõɫʡ
ֻٶ¼мƬǰ͵͵ĵޱ櫶źưɳϵƬ

СᴥһĻ¾ŵĻһͫİͿɬ֯һ
ô϶ѾµҾڿ˰ɡ
׵ҹᡢᡣ
ֻǣô
Ϊʲô²ϲء


48 
ɯı, ƹѲŮĲˡ
ޱ櫾ܺãƸ, ⸱˺û⣬ϻǸһ糺ɫơ
ȥ̺Ӹɯ˹ϣƵԼһơ
ͻȻ, ƵĶһ١
Ϣҹ, һֻ޴ش룬ɫ۾Ŵڵķ
ͨСʮֹǳ, ɲ
λ, ƺ˷ֲ
, ޱڸ߽ϺȾƵλŴֻҪ΢̧һͷ׾ٵؿֻӰ
ޱû̧ͷ
ûвƵģԼղŵĶ
΢΢۽ޣסտɫͫһ˲Ѫɫ
£ĵԽԽˡ
Ϊ̽ҵ, Ȼϧôλεĳ
, ޱһ̺ͻȻһҪɱĳ嶯
ûʲô
±¶ݡ
ޱ櫹˼ɵĴͷβҲֻ˺Ů
ĵصȴš
ȴһʵʱ
ʱ, һ˵ѪϢڱ¶˳, ֮е, ºܿų˲ʧ˲ 

Ŷ, ڵʵʵһɫԵϷıԵһǾޱ
ͻѾش˼غϡ
Էħ֮ϡ
еħʦнĶ̰, Ҳ⣬Ѫ屾츳Ⱦħʦ˵ٶȷҲ·硣
ҲҲкǿħ츳ȴһδͻļȥǿȡ
ΪҪ߳ĵʲܻħܣϲ򵥴ֱıÿܻӷʵĸо
ڵսҪ׿ħܣսʵ΢ֳһơ
ħ輫ߣǿħʦҲҪΪ顣ץס㣬һлͽչֿܼ١
üνʱպôĵʡ
Ľбɱһǧ˰ٵĴ򷨣ȫںԼҲڲͣˡ
Ľʽû±Щķꡣ
ԭǴͻȻðôһ˵ֱӳˡ
ҲڸղŴ򶷵ĹУ¿ԷϵǾޱ־ܿ췴ӦŮ˻ǰȫˡ
ƶ¼ͰȫȷʵԸ档
ڲͰȫʲôνִ
£ûȥɣ
룬Ҫֹͣⳡ֪Եɵսð˸£ҿԵǸû𣿡
ȷʵûʲôɡ˵ͷָɿٶȽסԵתһǶٶȽ
ЩĻشЦˣһ߶㿪Ѫͫ⡣
ػǸŮУһѪʡ
شֻרעս
ȴЩЦ֪˭𣿾ȥػ
üȴûʲô˼ȥֻ̽Ѫĺ
ֻҪޱС㣬͹ˡ
ֻѪҹ֤ޱСв
ϻֱӷµĹ
ûٷһζ㣬ϻ˼ˣòףһ߳ٻĬˡ
޴ħԪع
ȻԼǰ֧ħȴסôǿĹֻ˼鿪
͸ϵĹŽۺҲ˺һ֡
оԼѪˡ
ȴǿûб¶
»˽ǧꡣ
һ̶̼Ѫ壬ƾԼʵûڰ¹˹ѪмܣҲ㹻Сˡ
ңҲ˲ˡ
˺󣬶һ㲻ʷĿŻ£дʣһĵʡ
ǽܽѾ˵Ļɱ
ڵʵǿнħȫʩչȻ⵽ɡ
ѾϾ˼ˣֻʣһ뷨
Ҫɱ˻¡
˺ޱС㡣
ҲڰĬлһ
̵ٻĻᡣ
ҪʹһʱһϤϢޱ޼ʵĺҹ
ȻֵŮһϮİɫȹװߵǰ֣š
ӦʹĳطƾôŬҲûа취
һߵԼǰоüһ΢ָ
Ů˴ĵʣְʩһħ
ʣµľͽҰɣҵġС
һ˵ĴԣǶֳŮ˵ζԸС
ҵĿʼԺģļһ˲Ͷǰصˡ

Ҳһҹ
иŮ˾

þò¡
ޱ櫿ϵ˿ڶʧˣƵ˻£ƽ
þò¡
¶һ׼Ĺ͢ǡ
½ؿƺҪޱǷһ˿һƵ㣬ǻԵĴѪѪϢûа취صġ
º
ôҲء
ޱЦһһ˲˻µǰݵֽסĲ
ʱ޿̲ɱ
ҪѣȴķԼãһ˲ȫĺëĵһ˵Ŀ־ĸо
ڰ¹˹ǰܹĿ־С
¹˹д󺧡
ǴѪֵĳɳ
ΪһǰǸ޷𣿡ޱ΢΢ͷѪɫ۾޺ؿֻôȥˣ£ȴûгɳء
һ˵ţһµĶȴˡ
ħԪزֱָµ룬ǱħԪأֻ췴ӦЩѭ˵־ŹԵġѺõħԪأӽ˸ֵܵʹࡣ
£ûɱңҴδ˺¼ѵؿڡ
ޱĻ滹˼һ£أ߶԰ɡ
ޱ櫵ģǾǰһСŮޱس֮Ӧôڵģ
ͫһžüۼͰ¹˹һФ
ѵؼһ䣺ǵģ¡
ֻһ룬ȴؿž¶һĨ̵Ц
ޱ櫲ſڡ
Ժȴ
ȻתͷͰŰ¹˹ɱ裿ѵһһĥҵĶ־ѱǵİڲǰɣ
ͫȻ
ô֪µģôΡ
ѽ
ޱûдϵһ˿仯ı飬⳹
ǻ﷭ӿɱ⣬ָƵħȿֺѾѪⷭĲ ǵ˿ݱԽԽޱ櫵ħȴڲͣѾ۷ӦҪͷ­˺
ޱ櫻ؼǵá
ǰ¹˹ʱ򡣻ܻ˺۵ʱ֣˺ůϧΥ¹˹аߡ
ںܳһʱ¶Ψһмˡ
һֱǰ˴鱨ſЦط֡ԭһжֻ¾ıһˡ
һжֻΪ˰¹˹ѱ
뿪۲һһɱˣһСٱٻԹ
ޱ櫴ûоԼôЦ
Ϊ֮ǰûϻɹһζûС
豻Ѫɱ֮ҲԸıˡ
ˡ
赽޲ɱеѪ
ɼʱѾǿԵȴŻ¿ԻΪͷƶ¼˶һ
Ѿ鱨ĵ׻ǶԻ±һ˿ٳûɱ
֤ˡ
õĴȴɹһ˿Ҳˡ
ʲô𣿡
ޱû̾ɱ£Ϊ̫ˡ
ȻƽҲɿ֡
ڵϣûлشΪŵطԼãƴȫȴ˿ħԪأҲʹϡ
ôһģ
µĴЩؿհһ˲ȥκ
û𣿡
ޱૣȻûеĻǾȥɡ
䣬һ¾ɫʹŤȻֵȼգĨɫڵҹԵø졢䡣
ޱЦһ£ڼҵɰŮ
ϲӸطĹ֮صħԭʯռĻ֣˵꣬ء¹˹õģھ͸Ϊлɡ
͵Ǹл㵱չһʱ䡣
¶ʵȵˡ
վԻȽԶܵʵ¶ȡ
֣̲סʹؽг
ʹѪ֮ʹϴʹ࣬ÿһ룬걻˺ѿ
ޱվһߣؿʹӣȴý

һվ˺ܾõĿ̲סѲ
ӣȴǴŮϸܵһ
ءǿ󡢸߹󡭡
Ĵߡ
λѪΨһҹޱءƶ¡
ºܿ챻ճ˻ҽ󱻷紵ɢ˾ҹ
𣿡
Щš
ʵڰ¹˹ǿѪ壬ŮǰȴСûһ˿֮
û
ޱתѹǻԭ͵
ղűճɻҵǸֻһ.ˡƶ¼ϧĺܣħ㼶һˮƽ᲻ϧðħôһ.Ա֤汻ɱˣиء
ԭ
û˵ħĵװ²ӦҲǷƶ¼֮ࡣ
ޱ櫾¹²ںɫŮ̶̼ȥѾñҪһЩˡ
ŮۣȴС
ѾѧôԼ˰
ޱһ˵ĸпο
С
ȴǵһԴߵݳǰء
ôҲߣһûдչ˵Ѫ壬úɡ
սˣЩҪͷ
ȴĶغһ󲽣͵֮ľ롣
ҷǳлҡ
վĵĸл
ǰŮվıֱ࣬ʹߣҲ˸о˿ߺӦǶô
ޱջյ֡
ȻһҪ˼
лҾֻ˵˵Ҫôرأֿһ׼ȷϣϸ׵ָԱߵ
ԶػңҵΪô
ɢζһջζ˲ԾҪӦҪ
˰ȴվû
Ů˵ҪӦ
תĺڴߣѪ쾭ĵ
֪ǺģԺȴԾֳޱ櫵
룬ָǸˣҲܴӦҪ󡣡
֪ľܾܻܿŮ
˵ߺͺ֮ȻдռžԵĵλֻҪ룬ͻȫͬ ҲֻҪߵһ֮䣬ͻʧȥ
ߺͺ֮ƽȵԼ
֪ԼľܾӭĽ֣ôˡ
Ϊ뱻
룬ûɵɵ꣬ôҲȻ޷ȥޱذһˡ
֪ҲԶ޷õޱСİɡǲԼΪκ˵ĸƷ
ܾ֮ѾŮ˻׼Ȼȴ쳣ƽûзŭЦˡ
ʹǰһƬãĻ磬Ů˵ĪǸоǰľŮЦˡ
ûʲôûж㾡չ˽㵱ȻҲȨܾҡ
ľܾԤ֮еģޱһ㶼⣬ıȴĪԭ˼֡
úӣԺ󻹻ġ
ʱһۣϸ׵ָ·ѹƤϣһߺͺ֮רĿӡ
վûжʹüۣͫһĨɬ
һֱǰյˣŻ̧һԼղĲ̫ࡣ
Ǵߺͺ֮ԭ
Ů˵˵ʽЩϤ
ޱСͬҵǴ꣬ҲϲһֳߵǡúӡԺӡƵĳƺء


49 
Իһ׻, ܱħε߰˰ˣȴǲģͻذȫ˿ڡ
˵֮˵һ, ͹ˡ
˭㡣
ٲȻһҪӡ
ȻԼԸǰȾһһ룬ܹ鲻ܱ۸ˡ
Ƴһۣ¡
°
еΪˡ
ȭڱǼ, һ
ҹܴ֮㱨𡣡
¸ʱպôħҩ
ֱħµ, ʹѪҲȽ鷳רŵħҩơ
˵ħʦѾ㹻Ļħʦħҩʦ͸ϡеϡˡҲ, ɰȫһλħҩʦ, Ʋ֪Ҫȶ
¸ü, ԰׵Ĵɫ۵ЩͬʲôԭҪͻ´һУ
ﴽ¸Ա߶߶ģҲ졣
ʱǹԡ
¸Խ߶֮Щεؽҩݸ
¸߶ķͻȻһֻ
ǰȵֻ
һˣȻԼԭµġ
ú, ҾͲϢ, ֮ٹ㡣˵, һ߰˽ͨ, Ȼ첽˳ȥ
ֻʣ¸ˡ
Ƿʲô𣿡¸ʡ
ڴϿⷱʢķɫ, ϴķǽڿ֦, ػ֮Ե˴ԺĿյ, һʱ䲻ֳһЩ
Ĭţƺ˼ô˵ֺֻǵ˵¸ҲͰվһߵȴš
¸ûתͷֻһáλҹҪʲô
¸һˣ
ţҵĴߡ
¸ȻѾ²ˣ𰸵ʱ̲סһ͡һʧһֱڴеĳˣ˾Ȼĺ
ͷһܿϵл񡣡
¸üϵıЩѿֹҪˣ
ʵί
νҪֻҪѪ֪
¸λѪֻȥߣȫָô죿ﱾΪ˲Žȫ˶ʧȥǱȴѪֻҪһٱĴڣֻҪ˵Ը⣬˭Ϊжη塣
ͷڱ͵͵ԼŵĺҺûҪʲôֻǵңǷ̫ˣҪһƥ͸顣
⡣¸˼һ£Ӧǳ¹˹ƶ¡
ţλ»СʱǱ¹˹ڳǱġ
⴫ŲǿѨ磬ô֪һ԰¹˹ƶ¼֮ǡ
ǾͰѷƶ¼͸ɡ룬˵
ᣬҲƽû˿
¸͵̧ͷײһ˫ԨīɫͫʡڷӦ仰ʲô˼֮ϸ˷ܵĺ⡣
ȫ˶Ǹķƶ¼Ͷ·֮²Ųòġ
ڵ˿Էһ

İһ·ϽĦгȥ3֣˳Ǹͷʳģ;˵ˣʲôģһʱżֱӵͷȥ˷
ȵͷʱ䣬̲סһ顣
вǺܺãְ³ǽĸԹƵģû֪Ķߣ·Ͳ֪˶ãֵͷȥһˣԭ֪ȻСʱȥˣѹǸͷżˡ
Ϊ·˰ɣ
ٰ嵥һͷϲʳ֮󣬰ֿٸϻϤĶС
һţؾ߹ȤҪٲҪȥ㲥ȥ㲥Ѱˡ
ȣ
Լڶˡ
ⲻǻϤ·𣿵Ҷ߼˿϶ܿϤˡ
óһʳݸأȻԼҲһԼϲĿζ̱ɳϣӰպûͣߵʱ
¥Ҳɳϣң˼ЩڻˣΪ㲻ڣүүҿľ顣ǵģѾͷ찡үүʲôԻôã
õˡ
ЩؿһۣߺߵͲ֪˰ɣҺүүȻ棬ǿʶġ

ʲôүүڰȫûгȥôʶһֻϵѪģɵؿһ۰ȣѲɳѾͷ͸үү֮ǰͺүүʶˣ
֪Цʵ
˵ͷĺ档
٣Ͳ㡣
ȹ⳯һõҧء
Ѿͷ
ҲǵĻ⣬ֻЦеؿ֣֮;նظմˮȥС
ؾ֮ǰǸԳǰȫˣû˵ǸݽͷǸѡ
Ѫͨڳ֮ͻԶͣ״̬ͣһѪҲȥת˵࣬ѪѪҲǺһݵĳ̶ȡѪȺҵѣԼһ˴ڼ֮¾ͿʼѪ̳죬ʶȵġ
û뵽Ѫ廹źһϲʳĴڣΪȤͶһļϣͳÿ춼ύʲôʳĺѡ
Եɺϣ֪˰ȿôѷƶ¼׷ɱԵȫɺϵǣʶ
Уź٣Ⱦ͸һ˰ȫ
ؼҷ仹࣬Ծסˣÿ컹ооʲôĺϵ
Իĸ鵱Ȼǵġ
--
Դ֮󣬰ȫͳ𽥿ʼæÿ켸мҵۣÿ϶˷ܵĹâ
¸ܺ
˵ȫ뱸ս״̬Ҫʼˡ
ǰȫѾʼｨ²źͲӣװרԸƶ¼ġ⼸귢չȫ涼ڿٳɳŰȫɵԽԽ࣬³ǵľʵ׷˷ƶ¼ˮ׼Ҫǿս˵ʤ㣬忪һֱǰֵĶڵ³ֻΪ˲ȥƶ¼ˡ
˷ƶ¼ĴˣǵһҲ˺ܾˡ
ѪΪŵԭ򣬱ȽսһᵽҪȥƶ£ǾͳֵЩѪһ˷ܵزˡ
ʤûСҲȥͳһ˰ģֽƻ
ʱͳﲿĽ˹ͻȻվ˵ˣģһսɱ⣬Ͱ¹˹ƶҰĲˣǲȥҲһġ齨ӵĿĲΪ𣿾ӵȫ彫ʿ˱ԾֻҪػðȫǣ
ǵģˣǶĸԸΪȫΪս
ҲĿƵؿԼҳϵԡ
λϣҲǣ۵һĨݡ
Ѫ࣬ҲΪѪ
ֽһѪûֻ̫࣬ǿѪҲСѪŶݵǡ
ڣȺѪվǰ˵Ҫػ


50 
ϴΰͨ籨֮, ֮ޱյʧʿݵĵ绰
֧֧ģ˺һŶŵ绰˵һ, Բ𡣡
ݵ˿Լ·ȥñͲǶôܵ籣ů·ϵĶ۵ĸӴˣûط˸ۡ
ûֻǲµ˰ϵֵġޱ櫵˳ŵ˵û¾ͺá
, ˲۾һȡ
˳, 뱱䣬ᶼҪˡ
ʵҲȷʵ䣬ݱӱͨ, ۵׵Ľȴɢ, ʱΥȫһ̵õ˷ɡ
ô, ˵һҲˣΪʲôҲϵǲʲôˡޱʡ
ݳ룬˵ʲô¶ûȴøƭޱ櫣Цһٵ˵ʵ, ·˵, ƭ, Ҳ, ûǮ, Ҳõ֧, ֮ǰǼͷǱˣֻǾùֶ˵, ҲǼΪҵģԾûǡ
Ѿûˣҳ֮ԼҵǼС˾Ұֲ֪ǸϵǮҲûʲôֶȥᡣ
ޱô˵ҲˣЦ㻹ǰ˰ޱӵʱҶ
ҲЦ
Сʱȷʵʲôޱ櫶ˡ
֪ҴСӣͷһֱԣҲһֱβڰҴһеŮȻһ£ζû취Ǹȥˡ
ޱ֪һֱִܵ׶İţĳ쿪ʼݾһֱıԼһӣ׶ŸɡʵޱҲܿҪ׵ע⣬ϵǸûаȫеСŮ
ҴСޱҲûмʲôϲˣѶûмԲʶ˶оڣֺοһȫʶ˽أ
ޱݣֻò˶೤ʱҪ뿪֮󡭡ǴžԶûˡ
뿪֮ǰޱ뿴ԼߵļŮܺúõġ
ʲôȥ¸Ҵ󵨵ȥǶ֧㡣ֻݣôӦһ£Ǿǵ鷳ʱǵҲѰæҪһӲʱҺͰɯ˹ܵ㡣
һᣬݵָԾսֻȦȴԾֱˡ
ţ´βˡ

˵˺һȻݲعҶ˵绰һ̲סչһĨ΢Ц
ޱ櫴绰ʱĵһˡ
ʵݸղûȫ˵ʵ׶ǱʼĵǷ·ͱϣｫˡ
ҪĻ·Ȼ֮ǰÿٰץȥ
ĻѾڸ·˰ɡ
뵽̲ס˳
ͷʱ⸱Ǳӱ׼Ҫ䳰ȷ
һ紵ݹһϵ·˿ԱһͷԥԥĵظҲ˵·
ιͷ𣿡
һĵߺ˯ȥͷ
Ͷ˶
ŷĵջԼĽš
ôһ˽ͷ˼죬컹ԼʣĿ׳ȥһ룬ͷҪǳ껹ˣ͹˷ѵġ
--
ޱ˵ϵҲ׷ģֻɳϻһƣϸָֻ
һİ˵Ķš
[Ѿ֪һС]
ݲԣޱȴ֪˭ġ
°ûŹӦҲܰɣȻš
ޱЩ⡣
ãѾȥˣ¹˹ûҹ˵²ȷޱ櫡ǡޱء
¹˹Ȼ֪ѾˣҲûмȥıҪˣʱЩģպÿʲô¡
ҹ
µٿޱڻױСƺܺãĸÿ
Աһ£ѡұߵһ鱦ΣΪøСϰɫŷȹӡ
С㣬Ҫȥμ𣿡
µ̲סʵǵСûҪԼᰡ
ޱ櫺ش𣺡ǰѧУʱ롣
ɯµٶϤԷһޱ櫻ѡµûѧУΪڡ
µźȻûٶʲôˣޱ櫹űֻһ̶ĳʦСŮӶµչûʲôˣȥҲԼ
ȻҲֻǳӰˣޱ櫳ֱ֮ӽ˽ĳͣ
Ȼ³ڵҹ
--
ȫͻȻ˶ѰҰټİŵҲŵʱפڰȫƵֵĵط
ҹɺƽŵϣһ˫Ѫɫ۾Ѫ̽ȫڡ
ȫƺⱩ¶ԼλƵģüιǵע⣬ֶʧƬɭĻǸνİȫھⲻʲôʵ鱨֮ǰ´ȥ̽ӾѾע⵽ˡ
֪³ǵĴڣֻһֱٳҲڡ
϶ˣûпɵڣҿֱڣֻҪڵùҾͲҲط
Ѿ˺üˣȴһ˶ԵЩꡣ
ŵƳһۣ뵽ڣȫ˻벻ô
ǿ϶ʩ
Ҫҵȫǡǡľֱڡ
ŵ¿ŵ棬ɣƬϻһ޴ħֱİȫڣƾôҲҵڡ
ƽĹؼ֮ħ
ŵ»ǵںܾ֮ǰħ輫ߵĻ´˾ɹȫħڻҲûзʲô˿
ң˵ǰ´˾ǰȫ˵ġ
뵽ﰢŵϲһĨء
ȫĻҪǿһЩ
һͨЩڨڨر죬תȥɻ
ðŵ¾Ǩŭ
Ϊŵôʱҿ˹ٰȶûҵԼҲЩܻȴѻϡ
ŵǻ´˿õˣУԵ׼ƻҲͳܣǵģĵײҲ˵Щʲô

Ѫͬ鶼ɢΧȥѰҰȫڣŵ¶ϱĿ񣬺Ȼ͵۾
Լ˵Ϣˡ
ԭߵʮˣȴֻʣһ벻һ֮䣬ʣµһҲ˲伱٣
ŵ´սרŶԸѪǹϵļ⣬ȫ䱸ܵϢ
ûκ
Ϣһλá
ðŵ£ڹû𣿡
Ů˵Ϥ
㡣ŵµͫȻСޱ櫡˹أ㾹ȻѪôܣ
شϸܵѪϢ֮ǰѧУûвġ
ôأ
ôѪܽϢȫαװһأ
ϵϢǴѪ֣
ŵ¾
Ϊޱҹٻɱ֮ǰһȻûκ׼ʱһʹܵһӲѪ
ûò᲻شҵⷴ˵Իˡޱޱؽơ
ŵºܿ͸ˡ
ɲӰɱ֮ǰһѷϻ
˰۵֮ޱջ֣Ÿ軺߳ɭ֣ȹʱһɸɾ
ҹȫ˴ħɭʮʬ嶼±ˡ
ǻûжأ˭һˣ
һ˾ʮʵϵѪҲ̫˰ɣǸղҲûɱ
ֻһܡ
ǾǳֵʵѹЩͨѪ֮£ϢʮֻѪԶԷ˵ֻһ׾ٵС¡
ֻǾ˭
ǰȫ˵ǵأ
ֻѲߵİȫѪػȥ£ǻֳһС
ӵ֮ԺмһʱͲµ˭
УʷŵһĺɫȹװһСɵĿƬV
ޱءƶ¡
Щ̲ܵס̾һ
ҪҲô׵һ°


51 
ǺޱԼд, ˿ͷһϾͼ˯ţڶ컹һ磬û, ɰɯ˶ĲУԼŮǱ˭ðˡ
̫߳𣿡Щʡ
˿ûԼڿ࣬嵽ϣ˼ţֵ̣һƬ, ֻڳݲغɯ˽Լһ춼ҪæؼҳԷ, û²Ҫ绰
ΪǸޱд棬˿ȻҪ涼Ҫõģһȥеĳǽ, ΪǱһĻ㡣
ѡַޱҲû, ֻ˵һж˿Űͺá
ð˿ʱԼί, ĵװ¶ľԲܹŮΣдضҪޱˡ

Ӱǰ˿ԼСôѧʱһģЩƱʣԭҲֻҵӰˡ
ֻǼ˳ȦǧС㣬Ҳĺ棬滨Ǯʱ, ӰװơԼΪ, , ƬҲ߼, ڳڹҰʱһ˿
ǵĹҺܿ쿪ʼ¶ͷ, ı, ҲϾۼ˼ǧķ˿ǷǳĹҡ
װ߶׼𣿡
İ, ˿׼òȫˣ¾㱸Ͳȥ˹С˵ˡ
ٳʱ򣬰˿ǲĵ˺üζûʲô©ˡ
˿ӸеʱͿʼӰȦжҲǺоĴˣܶƷù֪ĪģǾЩţһޱ櫲ϲĳƬ
⼸Ů⸱ӶЩЦ
ķװе߿ɶǰ˿ѡģһͿʼæԼĿ˹Сˡ
Ҳˣ˿չС˿Ҳ٣һĺÿѾ벻ˡǻǵð˿˹Сһʱǿ۾תˡ
Ҳÿ˿ǸŮˣҪˣһͿҪ
ˣҿ˹СԸõúܣ֮ǰź޵ĿͻҲĵŵ㣬˿ѵԼˮƽ𣿡
һŮο
˿תһҲǣеڽˡ
Ҫֻǵգͼ
λޱ櫳Ϊѡ
Լȷʵ˭һյĺأôοһ£˿Ȼˡ
֮ǰݵȦˮƽǸ˹СĵĻҲרҵԼ˵ЩġȻ˹ޱ櫵ѣҲޱ櫳˺ѣԺҶǺѣȻҲ˹С㣬̽ôĳõƷ
ޱ櫵һʱ䣬˿Ѿޱ櫳Ϊ֮δʮôദˡ
˼˿ˡ
ޱǰԼʱ䵽ģû뵽˿ѾˣҿֳõĲˣ˵ܸ͵ˣʱϴǸ⡣
ҲǸյһС˿˰֣ںС¡
ȵŮôˣúܡ
˿ؿޱ櫣ĵ̲ס̾ԼŮԽ
˹Сôôÿ
⻹ûлϾױͻ·أоѾȫֱճƬˡ
˿һƬĳˣԴԴϵӿ֣ЩȲھͿʼİɣ
ãǾȿʼɡ
ޱЦЦȻصͷһֱϵʱ䣬Ӧһܵˡ
ż֮ÿ춼ޱ櫷׵Ķ̬ÿ죬żǻһƵ
ճʱޱᵽһͦɰС˵գͷĬ˼˵ԼڼҴͦĵȻ˳㻹ܴһޱ櫾ͬˡ
ޱ櫽ﻻ·˿ĺѱСһʺϾͷױݡ
һߵͺá
˿װõ۾ˣЦеޱƣ֮һգȫͣ
ֱ·һĺ¡ͣޱ櫿֮ĵسǱ߻˻֡
˿Щɻ󣺡ʶ𣿡
ޱ櫵ͷҵĺѡ
ѣ
˹ɯ
ģòݰɣҳ𣿣
˿ɫ˲ЩѿϴԸ⡣
ֱϵժ˰ȫͷ
ŰȵĻģĻճ毺õߣժͷһ˲䣬ڷɢŮһžһʡ
Ա߱ŮӶ̲סˣЩ޵
˿ǾΪˡ
ŮǺ˹Сȫһķһص
վһǸһ˵ĺг
ͺ񡭡Ǳվһ
˿Թ˲ʧӰ١
λǣޱʵϵЦݴУûпŮҲһա
վһͺʺգôƯ˲ռ¼ֱǱﰡ
ҾУʶĺѣҲҵѡޱ櫽ܵ
ҽ
˿ЦҲһԼԼСǣȻʵûסеͷ˵˳
һ£ܾ롣
ˣޱİɣǹġ
˿оЩϧҲûǿȻָޱա
ʱոպã⣬Ůɫͷ΢΢ɢڷ涼˿־ûͣԼһ붼Ƕ˵Ĳء
øҲԭǰ˿ǼŮһ豸Լܰᣬǹġ
ŮĻ֮ԭе㲻˼Ǻûǿ׾ܰЩŷܵһȥߣè
׷èˣСèҲ֣ԹԵڰһ˫ԲԲɫ۾⿴ֱˣŮ̲סˡ
ǴɫԼT֮󣬰ᶫʱͺȻ¶ƯļԱ߼Ů˶Īе١
УŮô
ޱԶԶһĻ΢΢򴽡

ʣһ·ˡ
ޱ櫻·ʱΪҪһ·е㸴ӣİҪ˰ϵ
ųĿռԭЩƣ˿ڳ¼ܡװԼһЩõĵߣһռԵøСˣ˿ü
ÿﶼޱСϵû¶ȵĿҲĪļһѻ
ܸܵޱ櫱Ƥ£ָ֮ԵĲ졣
Լָ᲻̫ˣ

ޱͻȻһ
ţ
ʹüۣͷʵѾˣϵıȴ棬ʱϵһᣬӦıЩġ
´ˡ
ޱʵĶϾҪˣ˫ּ뿪ʱ̵˵ʣµİ仰
ֶʱһ¡
ޱ޹գգ۾ٰܰѺ󱳵ϵ⿪𣿡



52 
ֻñһŽոϵõȹ½⿪
ޱ櫾;ֱԹԵȹӵϰ, Ȼʼ´ȫƵģֻ, ͬԸûҪ˼Щ
ǱģȴԼǰһ澵ӡ
澵ؽһжӳճ
ʴӵվޱСɫϵ˿ԼǱŵĿġ۵ġÿ״ǰ

ѸƿߣɫоƤµѪҺһ˲䶼
ҵ˼άԼӦ뿪, ȴʧЧһ, ˵Ժﲻϵѭָղ۾Ǹ
ޱ΢΢̧ۣھ￴Ůͷ, ̶һʱԭ׵Ƥת۾ͱͨ졣
óһ, ͷṴ˹

еĺ˳
֮, ˿һ۲͡
ޱ櫾ܾˣ˵´ΰɰ˿´ǵҵĹű̫͡ˣе㲻̫ȥ
Ѿָȴһ겻ᡢ״̬ӡ
˿ͼŮҲкø, 俴ȷʵ̫, ʾԼ
, ȥ˹Сļ
ǲǴұأ
˿̲סϲ
ûв
˿뿪֮, С
ô, ղͻȻô, ָֻˡޱ̧Ķͷûзա
Ѫôܻأ
, סеļ¶̰ϵĨ¶ȣޱ櫺ܿͽջȥˣתԱ
ʵ֮ǰΪʲôܾ˿㲻һգ
ǵġ̷ϵ˶٣Щɵ˵ԭ򣬡ҲǺóھͷ飬᲻ÿ
㱾ƯƬˡ
ÿ
ޱֱֱؿ˵ɫ۾ϦĹ±һůɫңա
Ǳش۽ޣһʱЩɾ

ڹ·һ
ޱ櫻ʱ򴩵Ǽ򵥵İȹӣ·һůů¶ȣЬӣŽ·ϡ
ˣϼƵƮţȾ˰硣
è
һǰһǰߣϦǵӰĺܳܳʱ䶨˲һΨĻ
Ҳ֪˶ãޱ櫷ǱһβԶľ棬Ҳ
ޱͻȻתͷһôôѽ
ŮɫĳϼĹȾɫֱߣŲӯ鶯ɫȹǵһǡ
ؿ
ܻܿؿÿޱ櫺ֵʱ
ΪԷĵǰߣҸںԱİȫش
ޱ櫸оԼļⱻëɦɦһֱ𣿡
ᡣ
ûгɵػش
˵Ŷ
ޱһĨ΢Ц
Ժװ⸱ҲܷŶȻҿǻġ
ޱͻȻ֮оܺãЦúܿģſ˫ۣżתһȦֻ˼ĿֵС顣
ޱ櫺ٻ¶һ档
͵ؿҲŵͷЦˣһ΢СĻȣѩڻľ괺
úش˵á

һϦֻĵģرʱЩŵؽֻޱжˡ
Ȼֻֻܶݵؿһۣޱ櫻ǿֻϵ汳
ϴκһȥĺա
ֻǣԱߵݺ񱻽صˡ
ޱûסһ۾
ô죿Сĺÿɰ

ޱԼųģȥʱŻںһ·ͻ˼ҡ
˹űǰҪʱ߹ƺлҪ˵
ޱ櫿ĪЩڴ˵ЩʲôȻȴĬóһ
ָϸǽڷǳÿָŵڵƹ⡣ǺܾĿʽޱһۿȥЩ죬ܿ缸ǰȽеʽ
㡣˵

ģ
ޱ㶡
һʱûзӦ˼
ȻѾǵˣʵĵҲޱС㲻ǵЩʧ䡣
ĴȻֱֱؿޱ櫡
ǰȥǳһСŮʱմؤܣϡ·϶Ѫȴ࣬߹ȥһɾˣǵ𣿡˵ʱͻȻֱޱ櫣ΪһҲ벻ˡ
ĺЩɬǼ˵ǮʳʱʧȥԼΨһˣ鲼;Ժﲻͣӿŵֻӱܺͷ
֪ƶƾٵģؤ޼ҿɹĺûκβһɵߵǰǣסֵʱȴһ˵ʹϽ
ᣬ·ڽ˵Ĺ¡
ޱԺȴֳһСŮӰǱһ˫ƯĺͫǾǿ
ǸСŮңǰġ
΢΢ͷޱ櫣ȴֽϸ׵ϣᡣ
ޱСѾǵҰɣûϵΪѾʶˡңڵȴǰǸá
ұøǿ󣬸ʸǰֻҪԶ֪һֻѪ
ʵӿѧʱҾҪ㣬ȴֲ֪ôڡ
ʵ᲻᲻֮ΨһнĻ䡣ѾµĽµ

ڴˣ΢΢ףЩϵؽԼĶͷֱϡ
лл㣬ޱС㡣
ллҵ
¹£ЩֻĵĬĻһѪҳϵĳ
ΪޱعĺܾԼĴߡ
ȴһߵڡ
ѡ
һֻΪǰһ˸׳Ƴ

ޱ櫻صԼķ䣬ƾѪ弫õҹӴ⿴ŮĬվ򿴡
ŨصҹɫǺңңˡ
ޱԼĴϣЩãԼλãġ˵ĸо
Щ㷵ģֺǻţ֮ٶЩ
һƺ˽͡
ķܹȫѪϢô¹˹Ҳ˿ټĺҲܸӦϢ
ǰõ塣
ֻΪǴߺͺȻ
ԭӸ֮ǰǾѾ
ޱ櫺ǰҹӵʱŮͽ߬һ֧õ塣
֧õΪϢ
֧õ塭
Ҫ͸


53 
ڼ, ֮ǰȥޱ櫼棬һȥܿ⣬ݵʣʱ䶼üæµֳʵ, Ϊڷѧϰܡ
ôηԼĸףǴ󵨵˵Լе뷨͸˵Լѧϰ滭ǡ
ʱЩ˵˵ȫһġ
ײ˵һ˱Ͳ˽СŮﶼʲôȻһʧɢŮҲ֪ദ
ŮԸ˵Լ˵ѾʼˡźмƵŮԼԽԽ׽, ײϲѵġ
ȥѧʲôԭ, һΪԼѧǲڼļĸ׷˻мദ
ûɫɵӣܿڿġϲ̨档
ǼĸͼվҲûʲôֵ̫, Ҳల, ȷʵЩС֮в, ʵԲŸҪ໨ʱȥѧϰʵԼ
˵ŸԼҵ汨һЩѵĿγ̡
ײѧıַǳοʱʱʱһѧϰȣµĸǸŮĸ黹˲١
ֻ¿׷˵ۡ
ĵ𽥿ʼ, ˵Ҫ̵ѧϰǡ
ݵȻܾ, Ͼĸ֮ǰǴûôڹ
ƭ, ׷˱ּ䷳ַ֮ǰϷ롣һЩʵĳ·, żĻ߻һЩ̫̫˵Ļȵȡ
ЩݶһŲ
ɽ, ̤̤ʵʵæŽԼ
ȼڹʱ, ۿɼһЩµı仯Ӵʸ濴˺ܶ࣬ȥ֮ǰΨΨŵŵӰ, пʼš
׷˾ͿӲ˳ˡ
ֱַһ¡
ݷǰѲͼˡ
ͺ׼ϵż֮ͣǰǶݾݣݿбʴм
ɺ֪ôģȻעʱˡ
ȻݾҲûκιϵ
ֻǲǸ̳оȻڳ֮ܶ¶һǶǵġֻı顣
ݼҪŻˡ
ÿοһ񺮡
Ǹĵı̳Уα˭
ȴΪ´һͨһ˵ݹѡ
ݵʱ;ͱЦˣײֱ˦˲һƣȻȫòԭԭ˵һ顣
ײ͸һ绰ϵ˵ԺҪˣò˲뿪ԺҪپŮ
salyȫ
ǿĸͼԱվŰĸһͰͦĵһʹ졣
־սݻص¥Լķڴ˷ܵĴ
˷ܵȺͺǷԼղŵı֡
ʱޱ˹طһ廨
£ޱͲˣҲ֪Ϊʲô˼ǰÿһĺ
ʹޱ櫲ûʲôϰ˹طǰ˲
ֻúá
氲ȽҲظһ޵ı
ȷֻ֮󣬼ԼղŻûƻ֮ѧ֮ǰĵгɿٵݸϰŵŮ
԰ɣ
ûŵĲžɡ
Ϊƶ¼׷ɱ뿪У֮һ·ߣֻǻǱ׷ˡΪԼѲ˱ɵʱȥִĺնؾһ˰ȫ
ڵ֪ȫĵ֮ԵЩȣǺֽܿˡ
ϾУĴʱŵҲ͸ĵϸ
Ҳ֪ȥУƾǱޱȥġ
ǵİ칫ҡ
ʱͿóֻ·Ѫ忴ޱ櫵̫ס
ΪԼаһˣ̵ܿϲͰĽ
ǿɲǿѸе

֮ǰڷƶ¼ԵʣȻͦչġ˵ʱ򣬰ǹ˵
ӹ˹̣Ц˵һлл
չ˵ķʽϲ˷óԵģΪԼϲʳ;˲˺ѹֻҪ˺óԵҲá
ȻѪ岢ҪҲʳﲢȤ
üۼ伸İȣͷһƻŽЦһ¡
ȣı仯󡣡
ָ˵𣿡ЩãȻָָԼ֮ǰ˵̫˳Ϊ˽˵ˣֻҪ˵ͻˡ
ΪʲôޱĽ㣿ʡ
֮ǰͬھУȻûô˽ԷҲûô˵Ƕ֪һЩͰصµģ֪ȺǲһǴʵǱ߱ͻѪ壬ǿЩ覴á
ԸͰŵµĻΪҪҵԼĽ㡣
˽ȷ˵һˣֻǺŪȣƭƭˡ
Ƶ£һֱ֪
Ѿ֪ҵĽˡ۾ģûаʧ䣬شʱԾ˿ģǽ˵ԺҵĽ㣬һֱҵĽ㡣
ޱ˺ܺá
˵ͷ
ǿԼƵģصͷǵȻˣҽõˡ
ֻ漴뵽ʲôСƵйͷѪ֪һͲԸҵĽˡ
û˵ȴһĨĽ
ģȡ
ޱ櫾֪ѪҲġ
ĵĬĬ˵

һֻǧֽ״Ӵɽ׼ȷڰȵļϣĶ˵ʲô
ǿɪʦħֽס
յϢ֮Ͻɫһ䣬ҵħʦҴҪȥϿΣҵˣ֮ٹ㡣
һһ仰Ȼ첽뿪˷䡣
ȫר˶һȫ顣ϵûзʲôص˲Ӱ죬˴Ѫ򡭡
ǻԼġ
ȵĸĸѪȲߵͨѪѪҺȴƺйĺۼѪŨȼߡ
ѪҸںϵĹ̵С
ζԺĳɳռδ֪ġ
Ѫ˵ԽӽѪֵѪǿ;ħ츳ļʾԽߡ
ʵѾħ츳ֻԼûаֲ
ҽʦı֮ʰȻܲ΢ʮǰԼڿʵﾭ¡
öҲǲˣֻǵñͽ˵ʵÿ춼ᱻߣȻЩ˾Ҳûˣ˭Ҳ֪Ǳ֮󶼻ᷢʲô¡ʣµ˾ͱﱻ޴ĥҺ񱻴߹Ҽǲˡ
ŬҪʲôõϢȴһǰͷʹѡ
Աߵĺն߹ְͷϰһֱ̬ˣˣûбҪҪðʱ¡ʵǱߵĵѾЩˣһὫйʵҵܲ
նغ͵ҲǴǼʵӳġֻǲͬǣǲûʵӳˣӽСׯȻүүֵܡ
ھסүү
ܺͰȶĵҲǶ԰ȵĸԾӣնԸʱ԰ȵİصĻҪࡣ
ǶѾ˰ȳΪԼļˡ
ǼСԺΨһŮҪ䱦
ЩĵĻնԼԸ䣬뿴ʹࡣ
֮ûʹһʵҵ¡
רŰ˿ɪΪȵʦ̵ħ
ҪɪھưһϷŵӣŮҲѪúܶŷɥĴڡ
콲ɪǰӢ¼İϿεʱ̲סʵɪʦΪʲôѡȫأ
ȾðտɪԼȫԴԼûҪ¡ǿħʦѪŨȸߴ70Ѫ塣
ΪԼˣɪЩƳһۣΪһ䣬ҪԸԼ˸𡣡
ʱ£翹ͷƶ¼սȥõ³ֻһǾȫû
ϼҴڵѡ˵³ǣѰȫıӻ
ʵʼʱɪҲǿġ
Ѫ壬תİӡ
ǿȥ
ǾһᡢСܵεѪ壬һֽڵİȫǰĵ³ǿɲ⸱ӣʱƣһҲȫ
ƫʧ֮󣬿ɪպȴһʰءʼ
Ȼھµ˰⡣
ɪպܶʱֻÿЦĿǽϲ˵
֪ˡ
֪ΪԼֲƬõ԰
֮ǰ˵ˣڻûȫָǰЩȴָ˻Ҫȥ֮Щ겻ᡭһЩŶǴŶΪǸޱ櫵Ů
ɪʵ֪ޱ櫵ĴڣҲɱضе˺档
Ǹĺӣɪڽ̵ħʱյ˼䣬Ⱦ˵˺ܶޱ櫵¡
˵Уĺܶྭ֮󣬰ȷ߷߲ƽ˵ϲҽ㣬ϲ϶ûҶࡣ
Ǹˡ
ɪ״Ʋʵ
ˡ
ɪձȵĻشЦˣĵϸһĨЦ⣬ȴֺܿѹ
ˡ
š
ɲһˡ
վǸ಻
һѪһûнġ



54 
֮, ǳһһܵٲ˵Ҳһ롢Ԫˡʣ¹һع鵽.Ҳûаħľ
ǻԾ꣬ʹ
¹˹, Ի棬ȴҲ޼¡
֪ޱѾǵǸСŮڵ׾Ϳˡ
ˣҲĶҶˣмѭľȫûκ, һͨࡣϴ, һʳѪҺҲûбֳһ˿Ѫ١˵
ǻµѪͣͬʱҲ˳ļ̳, ʱϵعڻµĴǰټ
, , Լĸ
ôˣ
˹վһ߻شŮĳ˺ѪҺʳûĻϾͿȫųѪˡ
ΪѪڽʳʱ򶼻¶ѪƩѪͫ
ô
ɫ԰ףᣬૡ
Ķ
ޱ櫡˹, ǸŮ, ֻһ
ʵ, ֱȴһֱڷЩ뷨
ϡ
ȫΪõ塱ŮΪʲôҪػҼɺϵ, ʧޱظպˡ
ϵ, ˭Ҳû뵽, ȫŮ˾Ȼޱصĺ
һѪֵĺѹֳɳٶȻôˡ
ɻ²мûһϵ
ޱػɱ˰ŵ¡
Ϊʲô
Ҫʾֻǻг֮ʲôԭ򡭡
Լ˼, ɫ԰ףԭӦ촽ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ǸǿˣΪ¹˹ұۣδйǱʱ
˲ɫһۻ£ĵЩţȻϣ¼Լϣֻܾܵת˼·ġ

ʵﲻǻһЩʧƷ𣿡
̧һ֡
ĳԶһƬɵ˵ǰ
Ĭã·ָָŵǼֻѪŵݵһȥ
պƬͷ佫۵׵أӦһǡҲ˳˷䡣

--
ѧڿѧһ죬ÿ˶յѧ֪ͨ
ѧ·һ
޼һҹ֮ͬʱ˼ֻѪҳжΪs
˹һʱ˵ؾս֣תձɵУԿȥμӡ

һ˿ߵг
гɽ͡ҰµĻɫƽӳ
ľɫģֻһе;ôһжĿ
͸꼶ѧصı鲻̫һûμӹս·ϵѾԾطʼˡ
˵ȡ
ϳ֮ûй
ݻЩţûûεӺȻҲԾ
˵Լٵľ
ݽ˺ܶԼѧϰȤ£һʳһߵͷ˵Լɹ¡
ô
֪һһֱĵĺܺõµģ֮ǰȷֶԷǸʮ˵ʱ򻹴ͷɥﱧԹ
Ǹͦɰͷദͦõġڰȫ̲סֿһĨЦݡ
ܲ
ضŮչˡ
ԱߵƳһۡ
ҲɣǻһպһطòԶ档˵
ﰡ
·һֱɫ̫ÿϢĺͻȻһ䡣
ΪеѶȣĵһÿһСӶи꼶ѧΪ졣
ȵСθպþͷֳǾޱСӵĶСӣҲ֮ͬУһ
һƫƧСׯ̫ƫˣӦû˵Щʵ
˵˵˵˵ء
Щ׷ⲻˡޱ̲סüоȺ԰е⡣
ȣһȥ˲𣿡
ޱתͷ˵
򴽣ɫǲÿ׻Ǵλվޱһ뿪
ӵĸޱͣס˽Ų
תüĺȵŵµҲѹڵѹ벻ҪƢڰϣҵá
ŵϢʹѧԺѧڲܡޱ櫲֪ǲѾ֪˰ŵѪϢֻ֪
ã
ȱЦˡ
ǶμƵ˹ٰȵŮȻѧ¥¶Ѫ
ޱǸνøһֻαװѪ
ܡ
˵
Ҿ˵ޱ櫹ҲԼϦദ˻һֻѪɣǵĹϵ
Щץץͷ
ŵѪѾǵõ֤ʵ£һ£Ųаģ֮ǰѪ͸ñɱǰŵӦõġ
ǣ˽¸ŵµ벻ϵ
⼸˵˹ٰȱŸΪǿ
ֻװı˭ҪµѪޱ櫴һжΣա
ͷβĵĶޱ櫵İȫ
Ҳ˵ʲôޱ櫣˹ٰȲ㿴ô򵥡Ҫʱֽ̱䱸Щѵ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ȣ˽ޱִֵؿÿӣţǲˡ
ˣ֮һúñġѧԺ֮Ҫ˵ʱʲôˡ
ԼԼ˵ĻЩԵЩˣ˵仰֮תصԭĳᡣ
ޱվԭûжޱش۽ޡ
λѧʲôҪ˵أѾ֪Ϣ˰ɡ

ޱ櫳ٳûлͳ
ʱպÿޱһ˼ı飬ЩĲɵġ
ʲô𣿡
߹俴ϵĵ̲סһ˿صĻϲ
û£ֻ¡
˲վڸŴķ羰룬геĺ˵Ľ̸
Ǻ档
ȴһжҲԶȥøⰲ
綼ֻʣޱСˣߵĿһõζ㣬ֿɼĽɫƮ
뵽дϣޱСؼңļſڸǴ
ʱ
ޱСӵһ
ޱСҪһЩͽŵλá
ֻǱʲôû˵ͻȥˡ
ʲô˼أ
Ů֮䣬ҲЩԾɡ
ʱٺֻԼһԲ
ذȫǼ죬겻Ǽʵһֱ⡣
ڣҲ̲סȥ롣
ΪޱСÿһ㣬ĵ׾ͻ̰롣

ͻȻоԼСĴָһĨסˡ
ŵ
ҵͷǲޱСס֣ΪҲԼ롣
ǴʵĿ¡
һξ
롣

ޱС
š
崻ľӦһ
ǣ֡
š
֪Ҳǣ˵֣ҲûԵɵıһˡ
ޱ櫵ڼ֪ʲô˼𣿡
һ˲ʲôҲ˵ˣеں䡣
֪
ҲǸ𰸡
ŴţҺЩϲ㡣
ޱ櫿Ŵ˺ľɫᡣ
µһ˲䡣
ͬʱը̻



55 
ޱǸ¹ҹ
ʵֻҪ쳹ڶ, ԼĻġ
ܿϧ
Ҳܴ󣬵ǺԼȫغһġ
ԭܿ졣
ҲǸҹޱ櫾Լеϲ
ҲߴӸʱ

Ϊûϲʲô, Ҳû˽̸ʲôϲ
ʱڼԼԼ˵һ˿ƲסĻǻϲ
ޱһȾԼϾᷢ£ΪóԼ
Ȼʧˡ
ల, 

ޱȷԼϲ¡
ܺá
ĺ
ȻԶһ, ޷ϵϵ
ӵ
Զ

ҲǸŮ¡
ޱûʲô
ޱ˵Ψڣ
ֻǡúͬŮ, ûʲô
ޱ櫳ҹߡ
ʵӦҲϲԼġ
ΪҲܿ,
֮ǰÿõ, ſڴ̨͵˯
ޱҲԼĹǡ
̲ס롣
֪ʵҲǸѪĴߣʵһҲôأȻѾ꣬ޱ֪Լʵһӵˡ
ϲĴͷβޱ櫡˹ء
ޱ櫡
ޱء
ȾѪʹû˿ȴԶҲʧ
ޱ櫲ΪһССĹǾʹ֮ǰͷһֻ͵ķ, һǰֳԼһ档
ܽһĻ, ޱҲһֱװȥ, һ֪ôϲ
һֱϲԼ
ֱԿסԼ졣
, ȷԼ֮, ޱڲͣЪǰг, ڷУǣס, ˵Ǿϲ
ȻظĴޱЩ⡣
һĶӵıӰ

--
ִߺһгһ˸롢Եмֲޱ߷Χޱ櫵Ŀ⿴·ϻһöɫ£ͼһʮּܡ
ö±˹һԱ
ʶģվһ̸߽
þòȡѷȴкһԱʮˣһĨ⣬漴ˬʵЦ룬ѧУȻôѧ
Ϊߵ˹ĸˣ츺רУѧ
Ѫ˹УһŽܵϵ˫֮侭һЩ·֪ͨᵽѪ˲Уѧһִ
˹ǸȽ֯ҪһЩɱѪǿߣսǿħʦֻʲôı£Լ롣
ûоӸսܵͳһĹҪһЩ
ЩɱѪΪλΪıֶε˲ϲӵʺǵĵط
˹ʵһӶᣬκ˶ȥ񣬳ɹɱѪ֮ͻӦػһʷĽ
Ǯ
ֻͽ׵ĻͨѪ

Цһ£ЦϾֻѪǵǹֲⲻ˵˹ô
ѷϳһĨòЦٵĲУָʵһһս鶼ûеɣ
ϵЦ˽
һһת˻⡣
ôյϢһֻѪsѪϲȺӣǹǱ߻ûʲô鱨
ȷʵֻһжͨsƺҪǿһЩ˵ǱȽΣյġѷ˵ֽ˻ǲҪɣΪЩСǵİȫǡ
ѷûпѹﻹһ˿ɱ
ܶĻ϶˲ı飬ŭĿӵؿˣо˱ӱð
ģǻչ˺ԼСѣ㹫ĺˡ
ʱҲҵҲôģֻ֮սܻóɳ
ѷʼ磬ϵıǷԸ˰ɡ
һ̳أѷǲϴǱصЩУѧȥȵˡ缸빫ῪʼɱѪʲô˲ģڻ˵ļˣҲԼô껹Ǹӷսˮ׼
ĵ׿һѷ֮󣬺ȱ治ɫ¶һαļЦ
˵ǰѷսᣬһִѪʱأᣬûгЦ˼ȻЩǶŵģǺö˶ôҵ˼ǣ𣿡
Ȼһǫʵı顣
㣡ѷɫѿˣЩ˳ʲôû˵
ΪЩʵ
һ֮󣬺ѷȻ˵ֻͷ·һٴȵӡ
ֻţʱ˼ѧзıЦ

--
ѷȻǸ»㿴ùȥѧ簲źסĵطһľƵꡣ
ͽһ䡣ȵ۾ؿޱ櫡
һ䷿䷿ʱ򣬰ȵȻһȲس˵ŻĿһ
ζԣ
Ȼȴû
״̬Щԡ
ǸȣҺղ˵ìܣһģԽסһ𡣡ޱ櫽ֺõķһŵݸݣŰȵǳ۾Ǹ⣬һ𣿡
ȻЩԸǰܾޱ櫵Ҫ
ֻЩĵصһ
ݵޱ櫺һȦĵЩɻ˸ղŻúõģôһôìˣ
뵽ϴȻˣ֮ںֱֳȫ벻һ桭
գգɫĴ۾
ԣȻֱŤ
Ȼµʲôݲûйൣġ
Ϊһֱ
ֱޱ櫻Ľ֮Сìܡ
صЩЦȵͷοˣȣ˵ҾƵͺһ㿴ʲôóԵĺòã
óԵģԭĹĵİСһ˲ͱοˡ

гٶȺܿ죬ǵִ߽ĸСʱĳ̣ҶƣΪӵΪ꼶ѧ֪ͨȥϢȻϻῪһ顣
ݺͰȥ˲ޱ櫺ڷ
Ĵλøޱ櫣ҰܺãޱڴϿ׿ķ־
ֻʣˣʰͷ̧ͷޱһۡ
ޱҲ
ӳһĨϡ
͸
һֱţûժ
ޱ櫻ǵԼʱ͸ʱʯһƯ۾˸ŲŵĹ⣬һյϲİСлϲѣȴֵؿơ
ĺܿɰ
Сִʱ򣬾Եòôɰˡʱޱ櫾ͻ᲻̫СԴﶼЩʲô
ϲ
һȴϲӱܡ
ޱ̾һ᲻ţȴ쳣ķԵĸ̶
ˡ
ʱһ·ϣԾսսŨ̵ܾĺɫëЩ޴һ¡
ղгϣ㻹ûиҴأ
ޱߵǰ˱һƽĸ߶ȡ
Ŀֱ۾ϲ㣬أ
ĵ׺һʯͷѹ
֪һΣλجΣ
Ĭ˺ܾöûһ仰˵ һ˫ͫȴҲ㺡
ޱûס̾һֻϡ
ָһ·Ķ
Ǳֶµƣޱ֧Ӿͱ߳˰ͷ
ޱһַֻ°ָܸͣܵƤϸϸѪܡ
ŮɵĲ񻰣ʹĲ㱻ţȴһҲֻһ˫ī۾
˫к̡ܶѹкܶޱ櫿׵㺡
˾ĬŶһ˭Ҳû˵ޱ櫸ɫĳɢļϡ
ᣬԶ㿪
˱Ǽ³һ仰
۾
ޱС㣬
Ĵ㸲ϣоԼر˿漴ıõζܰڿǻ
ͷȳţīɫͫôģɫǺ죬㶵ؿŷŴǰޱ櫾̶ǳɫë
ǵʱҪۡ
дЦӴĥ
ʱˣ޴ĵر۾
ޱһֱȡҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬׵Щصͷµģ߾ʧ˵ľ
ޱһλá
ĸңҲеϲҡ
ĬĬסޱ櫵ͷǴ
Ͷģдɬ⡣
ϲ㡣ظţϲ㣬ޱС㣬ϲϲ
ôܡ᲻ϲأ
ֻҪ֣ͿԽޱСӵ뻳УֻҪӦͿԽЩİ¶
ܡ
֮ǰΪԼĵױӵİĽеʹࣻڣȴǷʹʲô㡣
ޱС˵ϲ
ȻҲϲ
ƫƫİӦϲԵ˸Ӿ
ΪעǴ
ǵİǲģһݲİ˺ޱС㣬Ժҵġ
ƺ˹ʡ
ޱ櫷סļ룬Ȼ˫Ưĺһ۾ˮ⣬βҲź졣
׽ܾͲ𣿡ޱૣָΎȥ۽ǵˮ飬һˣĴڣΪʲôҪôأ
۵ʲôĶ˸߬˴֡
﷢ģᱣ㡣
ҲԼΪ˺
ޱ̧˿һ˳ĺɫᣬտɫ۾ƽؿ
ֻҪᶨվߡ
ֻҪᶨվߣѡ
֪ĵģûôҪĿеŮˡ֮ͬΪݣԷţҲԳа취Ϊؽһ硣ޱİᣬϸдһ壺ԷеĹӵҡ
Ҳ࣬ĵⶼڡ
ã㲻ңǴ˿Ҿ˵ʲôûа취ܾҵǣҲΪҶδ£˭֪أԺʲô֮עûн֣ĩա١类ٵǰһ룬ϣమ
黰
ޱ櫵ÿһ仰۵ǹһڴ֮ǰûгԹǵС
ЩƯġɿڵǹǰȥá
һջ
˺ۡ
ɫĽë˼㳿͸¶顣
ͽûоס飬ǣ̧ͷҹҹŷһǡ
ѡ˳Ͷ



56 
ߵĵһ, ӵ꼶ѧ֯һ飬鱾ôִС
ȻҪĿĻҪЩִĹ̵иô
黹˸Сӵ
˹һִ, ÿСӶԷˡЩҪѷòö࣬ٱ϶ѧûλεӡ
й滮Σڵ򱻼Сӷֱһּأֻ˵ôִУСɷӵػкܶ࣬ԾʱҲɸСԼ, ֮ǰһ, õСӦҲøߵĻ
֮춼ûʲô
ܶСԼҲһջ
ǼֻѪƾһ˲伣һҲûֹǵӰ
ǾޱСİŻǺ֮ǰ޼ͰӦûѪټޱ櫺ͷȿһºʵĵصװ, ֮ȥͣʬĹЩߵʬ塣
Ϊ˷, Щ˵ʬ嶼ͳһͣרŵĹ档
Ϊ漰Ѫⰸ, Щʬ岻˼ؼҡ
īسɹһԼ
ʬմȾѪζ˵ļʬ֮󣬺ܻܿᱻѪš
ݵʱȽ˷ܡ
Ϊ⻹һ˾ôʬ塣
֮ǰѧУǴε񣬻صʬֻⲿ顣
һصʬģˣγԱȵǰʬѪģҲ̶á
ݴЩʬֱظܵЩѪĲб֮
Щʬٷ֮ʮŮԡޱ櫴ԵؿһЩʬ˵
ͷֵ쳣ɾ, ȴûһ, ϶Ƕϸ첲, еĶӱ˺һӡ
Ҳһ߶ӱƿŮʬ, ռ֯ʳĩ״
ͣʬ䶼ɢһŨصĸʬζ
ǴźĿ, ݶԼԼŵǹζ
̲סҧҧѪǱ̬ɣ
ֻǲʳ, ֱѪͺˡ
ΪʲôҪô̵ķʽĥЩˣ
ЩŮԵϵıԿǰļһ˳ʹ, ǲûѪʳҧۡ
Űô
ֻѪɱ˵ĿĸͲΪ˽ʳ
ͨѪĲʳ⿴һ޼ɵɱϷ

ڲָܷõϢޱ櫺ݾֻԭ·ͰȻ͡
ʱҹĻոս٣ҹѪĺʱڸСӵѧ˵Ҫӱ衣
һҰãصεĴ¥
ԭ컨壬ضż豸ڿޱ櫺ݵӰ֮۾ʶޱϡ
ɱ뵽ϡ
Դǰ˻ļ֮ÿ϶һŴ˯ûʲô£ֻǽӵü˵һЩûʲôСµ
Ǻÿġ
Ĵ̲סĵһ¡
ÿ˯֮ǰޱС㻹˵
٣ǽˡ
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ǺôҲˡ
º󣬰ҲѰֺȶеζԭͶ˵УԼ㺣һûκ쳣ӣȻǲÿοʱ۵˿˿Ƶĵ⡢Լ񡭡ͺʲôණƵġ
һ㣬ȿҲ
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ֻǺȵܲ뿴ˡ
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Ĭ䣬зҪ˵Ļݵֲͣı䶯ּͣʱˡ
ǧҲֻǼ򵥵ػһƵĹġ
ޱ櫣һҪСġ
˵ޱڰȫص㲻ҪĻΪھУѧ˵һ衣
ʹޱֻһϵѧ˳ĲòΣյ񣬿Ǻ˽Ƕôˡ
ʱ򻺻򿪡
лл
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ޱ櫵Ļû˵꣬һһ˽
ȿߵſޱ櫵Щؿ
ûᡣ
һֻѪ֪˵Ҫޱ櫣治֪ӳôġ
ĵһ
ŵЩʵ

ȹġ
Ǹմ˹Ǳ͹δӾˮ׼˺ܶ࣬Ժ˺涼ҪãѪҲǿһҲ֧ݿܹ׶ȷ꼶쵼ĽСһ
ޱָһл鷳ˣȡ
ɫʱͻܶ࣬˵ͷ
ûʲôҸĹ
ӽȫ̶ûпһۣΪԼ̲סɱ⡣
ҲͶĵѪһңڶ͵֮Ͼˡ
ȷʵѧУηǵҪһЩ˹ỹһΪǺѷǸһ԰ءЩع۲һϵ
Щһۣĵװƽϡ
Ųú͹ء


ҹĻն˺صƣһҲЩƣƺҪˡ
ϿһЩڵͿżֻƷȴɢӲĽɫеĵƬѲߡ
ȸޱ櫺֮ǰھУѾյһٿصõĻҲԶ̲ٿشܴ˺
ޱ櫿һۿ̨ƽתš
֪ǼֻѪ᲻жϴǼжѾˡ
ƺЩġ
ĺɫ۾һޱ櫣˼һ£Ҫſ˵ʲô
ʱƽĶﴫͳһָʾ
3ѪټСöս׼
ǡ
һܿظ
ţǴʲôĿһޱע⵽̨ϵȻͬʱѶϢλ꼶ѧҲ˳ŵ
1ѪǾޱСӭս׼
˶٣漴ֽŴ˱֮ǰҪĿǡ
ֻ
ͬʱ䣬ƽҹ䱻״ƣпʼ쳹㲥
ѪҹϮ밲ȫܡ
ѪҹϮ밲ȫܡ
ѪҹϮ밲ȫܡ
죬еշ·һ˲
Ͱȶһۣ˭Ҳû˵ĵ׶׶Է˼ʱ̴սЬҲװ΢ͷ
תͷһޱ櫣۵ЩĺͲ
һᱣԼġޱ櫶ЦЦ͸ŰζҪעⱣԼĹ»ûأ㲻֪𣿡
ˣʱɫÿޱ櫺ѲһȦ
ɶŮϽ£

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Щĵر˱죬ѹЩʲôû˵
˴Ӵȥ
ڶĴ֮ǰ˾Ѿ֪Ҫȥķ
ʲôѪ˸ܸ֪Էλ
ֻһ˽һȱ˭õʱôɫ۾Ź⣬Щ˷ܡ
עִ硣
Ҳ֪
һѡ˶һϢڵѪΪԼĶ֣ۼϹȥıӰЩȲ
ԶԶһǵӰ漴Žµķ෴һҲ׷Ϲȥ

ֻѪȻͬʱ1ķΧܿԱ߼СӶһʱ֧ԮСҲС
ϣޱһȥ¹˹š
ŵˣȻȻȻ
ȺԶԶһѾѪʼܵǹɱϤϢ۵һĨֻš
ԶҲϵĻ䡣
ֲŮ˹һϢǵߣԴѪְԵµϢܽǵĺס
ļǵõʱԼΧʮֻѪͬʱ䱻Ĩɱĳ
Ů١

ڻǻ̲סս
֪ǸŮΪʲôɱ
ؼǵǸµŮ˶ľ棺Ҫǲǵˡ
ǵָ˭
ԴϸܵǸŮ˿ĴѪѪıϢʱȫˣǴԼϲӡϢ
ֻµĴѪŮ˵ĺ
ò׵õ˻´˵ãȻš
ѪֵȨôƵģһ㶼ٺп˹ٰǣʲôϵˡ
ڻ´ѾӦ֮ͻᱻΪ
õŵ»ʱûеõĶ
ֻҪ˳һ񡭡
ӳȥĶ
Сһ߸ӵԳԱǵĶӳƺҪΧˣ۴ɻسʵ
̫ˣȥЭɱһֻѪϢ˳Ⱥû뵽ע⵽ˣֻѹеĲͷôһ䡣
ҺһȥɣԼȥ̫Σˣһ߰ϡ굥ġ
ѹ۵׵Σգ΢΢Цһ£ͷͬðǾһȥɡ

εĴø߲ĳޱ櫺ڿ̨ǰ棬ʵʱעͰǱߵսԶ̲ٿȸΪ˵Ľڻ
⣬һֻδǰѪΪεصǽϣⲻ֪ޱڵһʱѾĶ۵ס
˴鱨Ϣ˵̶ֻֻŵѪŵߣȻڣĴȴ˵ֻ
ȻĲءĻ¡
ߴ˼ʮֽ꣬Լνȥأ
ޱ櫲ɫؿһרĶʾݣƽɣûκȴѾ𽥵ýǶȣõڽݵԼڲࡣ
ƽֻһ˲䡣
һ޴װİȫɲѿǧǧƬϸϸĹ⣬ѩһɢ
ͫ׼Сޱ櫱һֱߵ̬סЩƬһԼ
ͬʱֻ޴úצץޱ櫵ļϣ
ޱ櫣
ݷӦĵһʱǹҪɱֻѪ
ޱҲ
ݵֲͣĲţٳٲҿ°
ǹγɼֻһұ֤᲻˵ޱ櫣ֻؿֻѪޱԽԽԶ
еʶ䡣
ڴڵĺţҵǰڡ
ƾۼĸˡ
ߺȻһ˵磬ϲ԰׵ɫɢҵķ˿Լˮ
Ѿ˼ʲôӶޱ櫱Ѫˡ
ݣʲôˡ
ͨѶﴫҲŽꡣ
Ϊ˱ڸõطȸЧȺ˻һרСӵͨѶҲҵı
ԭĵ׾Щꡣ
ΪֻĹʽɵ˺ͼΪޣѪƤѪһ֪Ҫʲôʱܽ
ޱС㣬ܾĵĲ
ﴫѿݻҵĺʱľ͸궯ˡΪ뵣ģһʱǰѪûϡ
ΪѪ㾹Ȼɱͬ壿
Ѫ˲Ƶǰ˱дźڵ
ʱѾϾ˼ǰѪ˶Ļش档
һߵǰ˾һݣ棬дŲͻҶŶԽظš
ޱ櫡
ޱ櫱Ѫץˡ
Ⱦޱ櫡
ֻѪȻڼѿһĨ̵ЦûŶ˵ڶι
ȴסһڰûκηӦǰ֧ԮҲⳡսеĺ̲סƿڴڷʲô㿪
ֻϧҪ㿪Ѿˡ
ֻѪѾߣѪĹٶ˵ҲֻҪһʱ䣬˽
ȺѾԤ⵽˽ĳֱӵر۾
Ȼһ룬ǰֻѪȴ˺Ƭ
˭Ҳûһоôġ
۾Ѿ֪ʱɱѪɫ
ȣ˴˿̹Ķ
㶵ؿڵķԼսѱһֻ޴ʧԭء


ӳ޸ĸһƶΪ
һλoϵĽͽ
ɴǿƶ뱯ңƶ˶̶ƾô밧ҲûλϾȾǡ
Ӳʲôo
ЩνЩαƵĸõöࡣ
Ȼʱ꣬ᶨһͷ


ôޱС㣬ƽ£ԸԼеһΪ۽
Ѱޱټ·ϣĵһ鲻ͣš



57 
Ϊƶ¼, ѪָĴѪ֮һѾ߳εѪ¹˹, ҰĲϴûʲôòġ
ͬʱҲĮ˽˼㣬ֻ棬ʱ¹˹һĴڣǾá
¹˹ԼΨһð䱦, ˽Ů֮, Ǻɱ
Ϊ߹ķƶ²۵㡣
ޱؾǸѪֺµܴ衣
һ¹˹Ͱ˹
¹˹Ľǡ֪ʶָļܣĵذΪһλ߹ŵŮһϸĹӦеӡ
һҹ֮佫õг谮תƵСޱϡ
ޱغܴ
ʱܿѧа¹˹Ķ
һ㡣
Զѧѱͷ½
ޱСڷƶ¹, ǰ¹˹ѪƵĴӴԺƶ¼ΨһĹ
ټĹﲻֻһ, кܶͬ, Ƕǻɸѡ츳Ѫ庢ӣЩΪƶ¼Ժõսʿ
ЩӶ֪ޱصĸһλŮԴѪ֣һѪ壬ֱǷƶ¼ĳ衣
Ϊԭ򣬺ܶຢӻһ۸ޱ, Ǿޱرǳ֤, һహѪҺ, 𾴵ĳƺһ乫¡
¹˹һֱ֪ЩѪӶޱصų۸, ܡ
Ϊޱشſ˵¡
ֻҪſһ, ͻ
ѧͷ, ǾԼӵԶͦصʸ񣬷û˻Ľ
ܵ˻Ҫ, ⱾһЦ
ǰ¹˹Ҫ̸ޱصһ

ޱȻһ봿ѪֵĻ򣬵ȴռƲֳԡ
ޱصͱѪһ㶼һûκսѪҺҲǿңǣȻЩһ
ɼʹѪ߹ıɶֿݡ
ƾʲôҪΪһȡΪޱأΪڹ˴Ƭ䲻ô߹֣Ҳ䲻ϱ´ϵĵλǽ棬ͷĽСк۴ޣֽɭء
Ϊ߹ǿĴѪ֣¹˹ڷƶѪ۵׶һϵĴڡɭ԰¹˹ж羴ޱؾжᡣ
ɭǻѡеȺѪ츳õˣħ츳ѪŨȻߣǸ涼㡣
ΨһĲĵطѪǰɭĵԶʹʹԼͼѪޱرԼҪӰ಻
˴ͷ۸ޱصҲ
٣ɭ᲻̫ˣô˵ǹ¡Ҫð¹˹֪ˣ᲻˷ŭһŹ͢СӵһͷǳɫСкЩԥسʵ
Ϊʲôµ۾һбʵ֪ˡȴûгֹ˵ʲô
Ѫĳձ鿡ԽɭҲ⣬ʹһСкδѵȴѾԼԼӢȵӰӡ
źÿϴʱȴ¶˶ӲЦݣ˵˵ʵҲǷƶµ۵㡣
⼸Ӷ˵ˡ
ǰ˭ޱصĸ׾ȻԸʶ䣬һѪ־Ȼ๶ϡ
Ǳ¼ѪѪڵĴѪֲ֮١ǧΪѪͻڵѪ˻ڵô
Ѫ˻ףЩ๶ºѪѪ˵ö֮ˣѪڲ˹ϵ
ޱǸɵӣ֮ǰôβôһԵģҲͱ¸״ڶ컹ȥ԰
ǰҪǶԼķﲻҲܶô
˵˭ޱ˵òǸưͰɣ
ɭôһ˵кҲٵģǿʼﳰЦޱأЦһš
Ƕһ˫챦ʯһ۾ȻôƯıʯȴ˸ǶĹ⡣
ȷں԰ֿޱˣɭһֶһ䣬ޱ԰֮ǰҲûֹˣôʱ䣬ɭΪˣ֪ڹҲأŵȴֳ˺԰
ɭӵϢ֮ħξ͸Ͻˡ
ȷԭǸطˡŵȷػش
˵ط֮ں԰ϤĽ䣬ɭһ˹Ȼ
СŮŷĺɫȹװһͷɫͷѪɫ۾ԼմһƯڱʻװεСǧЩĵԵЩгճ񣬲֪Щʲô
Ů֮ǰÿ춼ʲôҲֻ㶵ĳ
ɵӡ
ɭ̲סЦһǰȥ͵ؽǧ
СֻʲôڷƶµĹЩôѪҺҪ߷ɱˡ
ϸ¹һ꣬رʪԱһǳݻһ˵϶ôɾˮɭޱƵ̯ˮУ۵ͽȹӻɫĳմɰ۴ŵӤʵ
⻻һСŮͱˣޱȴûκηӦûпޣҲûֻ֣ǰĴ̶վ
ɭἫӣԶƽѧǱĿ޺
ǰȥһΣǰŮȴͻȻ˵˵ˡ
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ޱصһǰ˵дζǳȻŮʱ򼸸кһ£һʱûзӦ˵
˵ʲô
ɭȷʵЩޱظ˵ʲô
ޱһͷ΢΢˵㿿㣬һܣֻһ֪
ڰɭޱؾһֻС׾ϣﲻ
ûһ䱸ؾʹ˹ȥ
ֱܵؿһʹС
ɭŵصͷ¿Լؿڵ·ɫһŽȾһɫذ𽥱һѪҺζɢ
϶ܺʮȥ˰ɣޱһ룬ӣɫĴһĻȡ
Ϊ㾫׼һǸдƳɵذףרɱѪңһĨ˾綾Ŷ
ɭʹεǱذףƴذסǴѪĵطͽ޹ѪҺ鲻
Ѫǿһ˲ʧˡ
ɭǻҺŤʹ࣬۵ȴǿ̹ǵĺ⣬˻𣺡Ҫɱ㣡
žʹʩչһħܣֱ˶СŮϡ
ֻ൱һͨޱصȻֵס˺Ѿ˵İɭҲûзӳеˮ׼
ޱصͱǵ˹ȥ
ʧȥʶ֮ǰϵıȴһֱŸƽ
Ϊ֪
¹˹ġ

۸Ǽкʧ˹Ǳȥ˱ĵطޱ櫻ǵԼʹǶ͵ȥˡ
µĻشǣһĵط
ޱٺѾ֪ǸطӦָǿʵҡ
ڵӡ
ȻʵʵƷǰɭǻ
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ȥˡޱ櫼Ѿ˰ɭˣֱǰϤذס
ؿϵǰѡ
ޱأ
ɭϸһȷԼܵϢ۵Щɡ
ͬʱޱҲڴǰˣλΥ˵ˡ
θߴݿֻϧϷһ̵ĺɫ̺һֱ˶ƻУѪɫһ˫۾ͣǴӵĶħ׶ݶǰ
ޱ櫲شֻһֺµӣɫشͷһķȣһ˼Ҫʱ䡣
СȵĻԼɱ˰ɭ졣
ǰɭǻ̽ݵˣⳡ̽滹ûʲôڿš
£
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ֻҪ֣ȷ¶ʹޱأ±ⲻ˺ͺڰ֮вŵٴһˡ
ȻдͰ¹˹֮仭ŵͷϲ֮ǰ
Ȼһˡ
һСʱ䲻ɣպÿѾ˼Ҫסⲻõһô죿
ܲǸǻ»ǰ¹˹СΪһûѪ嶼϶ǶԷĶ֡
ޱһʱЩᣬЩͷ۵ѡ⡣
ȻĿǰ̬پʱ䡣
ɭĿŵϲֹŮˣ۵׳ű䡣
㲻³Ҳֻ
¸һ뿪ʵҵĻᣬֻҪҵޱء
ҵޱأطƶµĹ
ôܣ
ҪԼô³
꣬ƾŶĺʵһδʹʵйġ
ҵޱء
ͬʱҲɱ
ΪҲϧ
ǰŮǻ¸ָҪȥ̽ˣŮûһ˿ѪϢСĿֻһˣֱ˷ʱ䡣
ɭĥ
ֻҪһԾ֪ǰŮǲޱǸ֡
䣬ҪɱǰŮˡ
ʱһʱ𣬶ݵ˺ڰзڵĳ
ߺܿһſŴ㣬ſ罫֮ǰߵһɨա
±ˡ
ⳡɣպóɢһ·ѪϢ
ڰУޱգգ۽ޡ
ⳡܺãҵ֮ǰе¡
ɭĴּ֮ʣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ޱȷһħҪʼӳֻ֣ҪͿ˲ħʾһǿĸ߼ħʦ
ɭܿ췴Ӧ֧ħֵܵ
漴۵ײ˼ؿǰղŻںµĲŮˣһ˲ԵɢǿĴѪѪϢ
ôܣ
ļޱزǻһѪְˣƾʲôܱɴѪ֡
ô꣬ʵôˣҲûһ˱ɹ
ɭȦΧ޵÷죬ضǰŮˡ
ޱϵʷ췭ظı仯ղſ޺ʱӿſĪϢ
ûи㣬㱻ͽʵҵʱҾѾɴѪ𣿡ޱ櫴ӵվĴһĨ̵Ц⣬һ߽ԼϺͷϵʪɣһĵǰߡ
ɭأĴѪŨȱˣϧĴѪǰʲôǡ
ޱء
ɭںһһͺ֣۵׵ĺ⼸ҪΪʵ
µĻûдŮ˹Ȼޱء
ɱ
һҪɱ
ʹǸѪôԭľ򡣰ɭǰİϵļⲻܿƵرǣš
˲ƶԶ롣
˵΢𵻴ʡ
Ľǲԫϱڣ߲֮һǽûзܣı껹£ޱ櫾һŨīĺҹջߣԶɭħĳڽС
ûĶĵȴʵĽ
ֱеٻʽ޴ĻϮޱûʲôľٶɭ޾ٶһĨڴ˷ܡ
Ϊʲô֧ħϣ
ȻΪǰĹﲻȥĵز
ޱЦһȻ촽΢̵ĵʹͬǻħɫĻûʲôڵ״˲佫Ļɵһ˿ʣ
Եǰлڵʽһ
̺ܿ죬˲Ϣʱ䡣
ɭеʶԼŮǰһճӤȥ֮λѾ˷츲صı仯
ˣĳס
ͷȫ˻룬ʵ֡
ɭеĲźͺ⣬ͻȻƽ
ǲƽΪѪĲͬͿԾһУǴѪֵ۶ôŬһҲɾܴﵽĸ߶ȡҹʺˮĴУƵĽڲΨаɭڼž𣬡ޱأŲ֪ҴСͶô㡣
У֪ʵжʹ𣿡ټԵЩɱҼֱ޲ýƤǣҰЩŮ˶ȥйߡ
顪
ǿðɭֱӱ˦󷽵ǽϣޱޱ߹ȥקסͷ˴ӵק
һһѪ𣿡
һ뵽ͣʬЩƿɲŮʬ壬ǳڰɭĺйߣޱ櫵ŭ⡣
ק˵ԴǽһҹȥĮʱƾʲôҪǵĶأ㻹ɱңɭأһжȡ
ɭϡͷϱҵѪ˶Ѫ˵ʲôͻȻЦһ˺Ѫ˿ƾʲôҾȡû㣬ô³Ĵ
Ѿ׷ˡ
ǰذףʼͣޱäĿش̹ȥ
ޱûģܿͽ˰ɭ
ɭɳ˺ܶ࣬ǰɳʲô㡣
ʣһʱޱ櫾Ӹµؿǰɵضǰذס
źʹɣ
ᣬһϲħԪأһ߻˰ɭࡣ
껹£ЩޱһĨЦЦţͬʱתתǰѲڰɭؿڵذף۵ױһƬҰˣлˡ
մѪ
ЩһħĿھϸɸɾ΢΢üٶչ
ĵתϱڲԫв֪ʱһʪĺڷŮ
Ϊڱܹںڵĳʪڼ米ϣͷϣë϶ˮ飬εδڵذϡ
ֻʪĿ
һǱȴ벻⣬ֻվŮа弸ѪǱˡ
ڸղţޱ櫾ͲϢ
ܿϧһ滹Ǳˡ
ղ˰¹˹߻𣿡
ޱߵʵͬʱΪҲʩһħ
ޱ櫵˵
˹ƻûãĴʰ¹˹
ޱ֪˳ղס˰¹˹ѹ¶֮󣬶ѰɭŪˣҲû¹˹֡
ĿվǴﵽˣղѾǳױ¶ݣ¹˹Ѿ֪ޱأԺҲ
ҹէһ˲䣬ޱ̧ͷܿ˫ɾĺɫͫ
档
ŵʲô
ޱе档
ˣʲôӦ
᲻أ
᲻Խأ
Űʪͷħɣ޳ָͷںڵͷϻ˳ᡣ
ڼһֱû˵ޱǻȴȻһɷУЩơ
ͷһ´ǡ
ԽԽϲ㡣
ѾûлŶ
ӦģԺ󶼸
ҵĺ
ҵġҲûɡ
ޱ櫡С㡣ŮЩƣϸмһ˿
˵˼һ仰
ޱ櫵õɫ۵ȴЩ
ô죿е㲻Ļ
ޱһϵеˣܻȥ١
û˵꣬һůĻоԼͷƺҲڲ
û¡
û¾ͺá
ޱ櫱ţϵıЩ㶡
ȴһ¾
񡭡
ĺϲ


58 
ޱ櫴ԼĹű
µǰޱ櫸ٻؼһ, ŵĹűֻˡ
£űûпƣһƬڰ, ֻʱʱһ⧲谵ڲһ˲ݵ
ΪѪ壬ʹûеƣʹֲָĺڰؿޱ櫵, ķ˿, һ˿һı仯Լ
ôȴü, ֱӡ
ܿ졣
ûȫܸղŵһС
ޱСҲѪ塣
Ĵߡ

, 𣿡ڰ, ޱʶָĹǽڣɫ۾ںڰк
ס֣Լʵݣƭ㡣
ҲѪҲƭޱС㡣Щ޴ؼش
ΪĴ, һʼ֪Ѫһνõ͵ҵĴ̨, ھУһʼ, Ҿ֪ҵĺ, ȴӵһʲô֪Թߡ
ûޱС, ˡ
ǰΪʱϲҲΪޱ櫡˹ر𣿿, ҲˡҲˣղɱɭʱ, ǲҡһ£ɱܶܶˡڰУޱ櫾зǵ⣬Цһ£ղţһֱ˵Ϊ㺦ҡ
ֻǸܵҵĴߵϢһʱЩӦʵҺܿġǰϲ㣬ΪΪߵߣЦĺˣѿڶĻЩΪ飬ͬʱҲظˡ
ޱᣬǿʰļ
ޱСʲôݣƶ߻ߵﻺߵǰʱʼҰĽģҪȥõĶ㡣
ϲޱС㡣
ֻΪǸޱС㡣
ʵϴιűǴЩԤˣޱС㻹Ϊһ档
ûޱСôӵġ
ޱСʲôӣ
ϲ
ϲϲ
ޱСѪ壬Һܿġ΢΢ۣС˵֮ǰҺʹ࣬Ϊ࣬Ѫһֱ֪ܵҵʵ֮ҡ
ޱѾ֪ʱһţСñ׾˵ÿһ䰮ⶼ̲ס뽫ڻ

ޱôˣҲȷʵôˡ
ܵޱǣɳķߡ
˳ӵޱ櫶ֱԼһֻƵɳϣ΢عһЩͬʱҲµҽܻᷢʲô
ë̲ס޴Ĳ˲ǹɵر۾
ޱС㣬ôԣĵЩɬذ
ޱ櫿нӣЩһĴǡ
ʹ֮ǰѾǹˣҪҵö࣬ǾѵˮһǣȫѪҺԱȵҽؽĻɽ
ϲޱС׽
ڰУŮĴţëǴĺǵʱҲɵһŲ֪Լжˡ
ޱ櫵۵̲סЩ
ҧԼϸ׵ָѪҺζ˲ɢⷽռ䡣
ޱ櫽ָ׾ٵͻأƬĵط
ҵѪҺʲôζһ˿ͺζ
𡣡
ΪָԵʣ˵Щ壬ļҪγѪסĵ׵ش
ܲߺͺ֮οӡѪҺϵ
һ˵ǻС.ҲǸָϸ
Ļشʲôԭ֮ȡޱ櫡
úӡЩѹɳϣһֻͰطŮĺڷһֱ۽ǡ
ֵˡ
˸øһЩޱǵز˲ıǼ⣬δʵ˵
ĴҧƣѪҺɢ˵Ĵ֮䣬ԼѪҺһ뵽Ŀǻ
ޱСõоԼһ飬˵˷ܸаΧ
ʷǰĲ˫һɫ۾ȡ֮һ˫Ѫɫ۾Ȼĺ챦ʯȴȻ̲סΪ֮ԡ
ĵطѹһǡ
ռλޱ櫣.ŮĶ󡢲.£һСڲ֪ʱȻֵҧŮǴƤޱҲֻǳֹ
СҪŶԡ
ѪҺĿǿңֻСѪҺ̫ˡûס
ǳֹ֮ޱζϧǴҧƵƤ
ƵĲţƫͷǱֱԼ۾
ѩ׵϶ⲱɽҰĺ졣
ϵ·Ѳ֪ʲôʱɢҿˡ
ޱÿ֣Ƥ۾۾ﶼɺҲڲס.֮ɫ
ޱС㡣
ٵش.Ϣţʪ۾ЩͰ͵
ʲôޱͣ¶۵׺Цʲô
̲ס˱۾ü΢С˵ҡ
ʵޱ櫵۵ҲմȾңһ㣬ڴͿԸ࿴Сɰӡ
װεӣҡҡλΣ˴ѡ
ɿڵѱȥ۵İװ
ޱ櫸ȥڿʼڿһףƷζ
𷢺ͺڷڻζвͣزᡢ֯

峿һڴ̨ɫصĴ赲棬ӵ˯Ůõһ
ʵˣ³ޱ櫣һҲֻСĿ
Ļ䡣
̲סߵҧҧ
˶ãȻޱС㻳ﲻ˯ȥˡ
֮ǰޱС㱻ߵʱ̫ڽò׷ĸоеۣ˯ӿ
ԼԼǵޱС㱧ȥϴ裬غԡ


Ŭάı飬۾ǿҪȥһȦĳ嶯Ľֺ̲ס˷ܵһš
Ĵ߾ޱС㡣
ڤڤ֮Уǵעġ
һ뵽ԼÿõʱԭޱСҲڿ̲סоһҸ
ÿġ
ˣޱС㡣
۾һգҲգؿǰž¾޷ݵ˰βŸСǰսһЩüἫĵС˵ޱС㣬Ұ㡣
ҽİ⡣ޱ۾ָտɫ۾Цؿ
ޱʵѾˡ
һ˲Ǳ졣
еһ滬˻ס˺ƻһֻ¶һ˫۾棬ЩƵģ簲ޱС㡣
簲
ޱ櫰СӱչȥһĴ
ҲܰܰҵС˵ĻûʲôҪߵģϲ˵ҡ
۵ģ̲סڱﱧסޱ櫵ϸͷ񹷹һĲĥ䡣
ϲ㡭ޱС㣬ҵĴ̫ˡ
ޱĺڷЦ
Ҳúء
֮ǰһھôܻҹ飬ڣҵ𣿹¡ޱ櫵ļ羱뿪ɻͷϣؿ
ޱ۾䣬֮á

󣬽ĺãã΢
紵ɴޱ櫺ѵõʱ⣬ǸոȻݷԼƽĶţᵽҪ죬ҪŻѧУ
ޱС㡣
һͻȻ
ţ
Ժòã仰ʱõͲš
ޱ櫻ˡ
תͷ۵׺⡣
ǿ̧߳ͷ΢˸
ѾѧôˣޱСҲ
ǸѧھУѧϰǿҲһ
֮˾ڹűȹ졭


59 
ޱ櫱Ѫץס֮, ڼݿҪˣҲ㲻˱¶Ҫ׷ȥȲҪ, źڵˡ
ȻҲģȾԼҲ϶ᱣýġ
ûԵɵģôá

ʱľܿͱסˡ
ֻڱ˺Ѫɱ, Ϊޱ櫵λþ¶ֻѪġ
ѪҲǵ֮±¶, ڴ֮ǰɱͬСӵһԱ
ѵ˻оУǱѪѧԱӶĴ˶ԽܣͬʱҲŭѧ, ˶ɱ, ܿͺʣµֻѪ
ֽ֮Ŷڵޱ櫵ټ
û뵽ȻҲѪ, ѹôһ˾Ȼ˿ɿ˹ٰȡ
ĵٸӣҲϾ˼ҲѪ¡
Ҫȥȡޱ櫵İȫ
һҹƣѰǺջ񣬾̲סпʼʱޱ櫼ʱƽţݺͰǷҲһ

Ѫ¶ݵĴܴ, ЩܲʵðȲҪ¶ҲΪ뵽һ㡣
Ҳ¶Ѫ, ôһ
ʹѧǱ߰˳Ѿ֪˰ȾѪ¡
ܹҲֱӳؽ̵ʵǰҪһЩ
졣
ޱ櫻ߵùݡ
ûиŻ
Ŀ֮Ѿ¶, ٻؾУˡ
˫ͨرһޱ櫡
һ˹, տյ, ۵ƺһĨʧ, Ҳת˲š
ޱ櫴Ҳܲµڵ飬һ䣺, Ѫ壬Ǵû˺ң෴ңϧ¶ݡ
ԭ
ѪҲ֪֪ͼϵıЩ㱡
һ԰վŵİ̲ס˽ָ۰Ͱ͵ޱ櫣۵׾
㣬𣿡Сʵ
ᡣޱƽҡҡͷͱѪһ࣬űתɵѪҲû˺޹࣬û˺ǡ
۵׸һ˲ܧˡǱתѪô죿
ʱһ䣬֪תѪû˺޹࣬ĵ׵ĳص׻˼֣߬ŵָҲ֪ʱȻɿˡ

յϢ֮Ҳһʱޱ櫣ӡ
֮뿪ˡ
ţҾȫĵط֮ˡ
Ϊ˾ޱ櫲Ųϧ¶Ѫ벻ͨΪʲôһֻѪܹΪֵز
ΪʲôҪ
ȻΪϲѽ
ޱ櫴ǲԵһ£ȻһǰõĴ𰸣Ϊʱ
ġ
鸴ӣ˵ͷԵЩĲɡҲѪ¸ĳȷʵ̫ˣޱ櫵߻һֻѪһһͷۡϾҪؾУˣӦϾҪֽˡ
˼ܿ컮ߵʱޱ櫵ѧУ֮ǵȥһ»᳤һȥһʱȥ
ޱ櫵˵ͷ

Ҳɱĳس̵гպʱȫһЩ˸߲ҡ۵йǲԼͬóĬǾսϴ񣬵õ˳ɳ
ң֮ѪҲѾΪ֪ѧУǱѪУ԰̳ϳ¶ڻ˶ѧУǱŵĲһֻֻѪ£Ǵһ֯мƻѪȺ塣
ǵлкܶѾ켣ѧĹ൱С
֮ǰѧУŪѧһ˵ǻѾûˣѧУڲƽԼԼѾ궯Ͳ
ۼסˣֻʾϼ֮ȫѧԼϵһϢ
Ʃƶ¼壬ȫйѪϸ鱨
ֻعս֣˹ᵱеѪ˲ܽӴϢ

칫ңϴӾǱ͹飬ժ۾Щƣ
ʱű졣
۾´ϣ
᳤ʲô𣿡ʹѾȫԤϵԼ˵Щʲôޱ櫽֮Ǳֳһʲô֪ӡ
˹ͬѧ
ޱ櫴ɳȴŽ̸
ûйĨǣֱӿżɽֱ׵ؽͼ˵˳
֮ǰֹһνѧϴ߸𣿶ЩھУĻת塣
ޱЩֱףȴҲ֮СѸһϳı飬Ʃߣ侲ĽźͲ
ƽؿ˵ֻӸ׵֪ζʲô˹ͬѧΪΣ࡭Լݼ޿ޣֱԤе㲢ûа㲻˹СԲǰȥαװ

Ȼ׾ӵݼƭĴ˵ġ
ޱЦһ£˼羱ñֱαϡ
ǵģҵĸȷʵͽ֦Щ͵ЩҲ֪ȫϢˡ˵
УһֱźܶǱصѪϴǼ˰ʰ̯ӣҲǿǿܺŪȥѾѾסˡ
ޱ̧ۿһۣĵȻ֪һС
ߣһ£ż֪ЩѪҪͨѧж𣿽ֻƾѪǾһġ
ޱ櫣Ⱥ嵱ЧѪͽ𣿡
׼ȷ˵ǻѪڡ
Ƿǳ߼Ļܰɣô˵ˣҲѪ𣿡ޱ̧ۺӡ
˹ͬѧֻѪмԵס΢Цһ£Щζİ취ԾȷԷǲѪ
һֱѪĻѪ֣ЩѪᶨվߣΪɱ
ƻʵʩô꣬ڲųɹһֻĴڡ
Ѫֱܷĳ˴˵Ϣ
ޱ櫡˹ѪϣｫǾԲԼŮݡϣߴôʱġ
ԹǲѪҺȷ
ʲôޱǳЦһ¡
ߵȻԱߣһ߻ʼй¼
ϣｫͰв壬в鵽ΪȤһ¾ǣμ̳˵١һλǰŻص˽ӣһ˽ӣһؼȴӡ
ллޱ櫽ӹ˵ԼǰĿȡ
Цһ£ȻصԼλãͷһ´ӱϻ۾
ֲƶ࣬ûлܵýĵջҾӦչֳ˾˵ĲŻ츳
ޱ櫴۵һĨɬָڱ˵㣬죬ԣ١ǱתѪ壿
۵һĨ͡
ûӹѾȷʵºܵ͵ϲ˶罻ϣǵȷѪͺķ˲ʱ䡣
ȻѾȷ˵١ǱתѪ壬ȫԶȡǿƴʩֻϧһвǱô򵥣ǲֱȥȨ
Ʒٹ̣ڵ۹䶼ƿžԵĻȨǣһȫ
һˣһ壬֦Ĺϵࡣ
۹кܶλȨƵǡǡΪ۹෴ܺܶΪ˱ȫԼںʲôʹյ۹˵˸ˡ
ϣｫеȻҲйڵ١Ѫȷ֤ݣҲζͬʱҪơ
ҳܰ⵹֤ݡ
ƷѾѪеľżһ㸯ʴŵ۹ܷβܣҪʵЩ֡
˹عһܺõͻƿڡ
̧ͷĿࣺҪ˹СЭæһ壬ʹĸǱ֡һ˵ѻͰйһ顭
ޱϵɫ䣬Щòش
һᾡҵ֤ݣҲҵѱǣСûȡѧϣ𣿡
ǸЦһ£Ȼ
ޱ櫴ɳվĿƵ
ҿ԰Ѽ١ѪϣͬʱһҪ󡭡

-
ޱǸҪûκγɾʹӦˡ
ڴЭ֮ޱ櫾ͿʼôѼ֤ݰ⵹ķ
ʵⲢѰ졣
ֻҪõ١òǰ¶ѪͿˣɾܰ쵽
ޱĵǣҪôܺȫˣáޱ櫡˹ء˳ᡣ
˼˼Ҳûͷֵ˾Уżٵʱ䡣
ҹĹűöûСҹɫųޱ櫵ģСԴ˲ġ
Ȼ»£ĸĺڷŮ۽ס
ޱС㣬㡣
˱ڻűǼŨõ巢㣬۾Ÿоٶȱˡ
ޱСھУôʱ䣬һֱûм棬ÿÿ춼
СԽԽˡ
ޱ櫵Ĳ䱻Щ⣬ȴûƿֻﴽҲ㣬
رޱ櫺һɿ
ҹɫ֡ޱڵ̺ƽĹűϡҲڵ̺ϣʲôûֻǵرޱ櫡
żһ䣬֮ǰ绰һ˵£ƽճ
ʵûʲôõϢɲ飬ޱֺƽ塣
תסϸɽѹϣŵ̺ĳƷ
ͷһۣΪˣͽ˴ᱧȥ˴ϡ
ޱգգۣǵûʲôȥĴ˵Ҳͦõġ
ޱС㣬֮ǰǸ»ûнꡣ
ϣ˲ţؿͻȻ
ǻ֮ǰУҹڷ˵Ǹ£ޱ櫻ûнִ꣬Ĺͱɭظˡ
֮Ϊ¶ݲܻؾУޱԼȥʣµĹ¾һֱˡ
ޱ櫾ͼ¡
Ĵӵ
Ļů˰ġ
ޱȫ屻ڻУԾͷɵһ߿Ŵ⣬һ߰ȳơ޳ֺÿָ
ޱһϴνĵط
һʱֻʣڽµĺŮ
רע
ֻϧݾײûά̫ʱͱƣûбꡣ
ޱ櫵ͣҲһЩ
ǶܵһڴѪѪϢ
Ѫ֣ҵű
˰¹˹ޱ벻ڶѡˡ
ס֣۵ЩҺһȥ
ޱԣһõģڷһ
ޱ櫾ܾһȥ
Ϊ¹˹ǸͷβķӣӴʲ˺ޱءƶ£ǾԲ
ΪСİȫޱ˵ʲôҲǲȥðյġ
һܿҪġ
ٳȥʱޱһ´Ůɫķ
ȻóȥͰ¹˹档
ΪԼĹűԷϵĳζȾˡ
˲Ƴű֮ޱȽ¹˹˸һû̵ĻҰ
վڴڣϢԶڵͫŲ׻Ǳ̬Ӵڷ˳ȥ
ղŷбѪϢ
ԭ֮ϣ¹˹ޱϣ۵׻ű͡
ղڹűΧʱᵽİѪζ
˭͸ſ̹Ǻ⡣
ޱЦһ£û˵Ѿûκش⡣
۾ɫѪɫ˲䣬Ҳ˳ƶ
°ɫħԪӿ¹˹ķǳԵĹ¹˹Ȼ׵ضȥһ룬ޱ˲Ƶǰ˴ɫ棬ǻʸ˻Ѹӣһʱ⣬¹˹֦Ҷ֡
¹˹㺦ҵĺˣΪ߲ܲܣĴۡޱɫ䡣

ǸȫŮˣ
Ѫޱ櫵ĺԼŮԵʱ򣬰¹˹ԭѿɫƽࡣ
ܿǰԼΪ̽ޱ櫵ǰȥߣ·ǸȫŮ˾Ȼָ겻ɢز
ѹŮ˵谭
ޱ櫵ĺһж˵ͨˡ
ĳɳ˺ܶ࣬ޱأ㿴һࡣѹʼѰټ¹˹Ǵػ۾ЩΣյǣôһģ
ֻҪĿչ¶ϾȫûκѪϢĺܲ˼顣
ûҪ֪ޱ櫵
¹˹ͷЦһ£һ˿ʵǰǸŮ˲չ¶һ⣬Ͱˣƫִ׷ꡣޱأҲˣѪҺҶ㲻𰡣ôŰҶĺأ
ãֻŻǺáޱ櫻ԳһЦ
ڹ
ԸҪѧּܡ
裬һѹ
ǿиɴѪ֡
ǰ¹˹νĺ⡣
ǡЦ
ҹҶҪһ¹˹ɡ
ܡޱ櫵ĻشͬᶨԶҲܻصǼ
ôҹ֮ҪֳһӮˣޱء
֮ȷʵҪֳһӮǲǽ졣˸ˣѾʶҵݣҲٸҵڶߵĻᣬȻˣһ׮ô
¹˹˸
ΪԼãĸףλĴڡ
˸ޱ櫿ơ
Ȼƺ֮󣬰¹˹˲ԵЩŤ
ޱأñ
ޱ櫶ӵЦһ£ĬĬ
Ҳ
ɱ 
õģƶ£ֻĲһҵĽ𣿡
¹˹һü̸ʲôף
һԼصƶڴ֮ǰҪȴҲѣͻȻ֮Ե޹ʵʧޱ櫻
¹˹̲סЦ
ǿЦޱأħϳɳ˺ܶ࣬Ըɻô޴֪Լ߱¶ǰʲô֪ģЩû
Ȼ˵ԼҪ뿪֮ǰҪˣѣ
¹˹ЦἸҪˡ
һЦˣŵһɢڶǵɫɫ
ĸΪʲôǻȥϲЩСֶĵĶأ
¹˹۾һֻĿǻĸףǸ಻СĿˣСʱڷƶֻèŶǱǸʱװޱػһСӤԵȻǵøôȥġ϶ǵֻªèôģ԰ƤѪܵģ㷿ǸһǵðɣޱأĸҲһҰƤһǵĸ׿Ƥʱı顣ֵؿɲô򶨣һᶼûҲΪе
ӡ
ķӡ
ޱ櫵Ĵǻ΢Цȴֵؽճȭĵ׵ɱ⼸ҪͲסƴţĵһضԼ˵
ĵ㣬ĵ㣬ޱ櫣ܿɱˡܿҲܰ˰¹˹Ƥ
¹˹ޱϵı飬Ҳճȭͷ֣һĨʹЦ
͸ûеֻһʹ࣬һʹźãŲòƽ
ޱ֪¹˹Կ⼤ŭɹˡ
Сʱʼÿζܳɹŭ
˵¹˹ʲôֻǰҪɱͷ
ޱ櫿оǱ䣺ҵȻҲͺơ
ҴӦ˵ģޱأҵ̫ʱ䣬֪ҵԲá¹˹ƺˣõȻٴܣҾԻҵ㣬һЩ඼Ƥǣ͹űķ䡣
ޱ櫿Ӱʧ˺ܾòջ˴ǵЦѪͫ
֮ǰһɱ㡣

¹˹ˣޱתźڰеĳε̾һ
ҪȥˣȷҪ𣿡
ĬһֻСӷïҶڵϣóӡ
ޱС㣬Ұ㡣ֽץסޱ櫵֣ͫǲͼУȫǱѾʼ˲ͷƶս׼֮ǰͼƻõģԭΪ͸㡭˵ǣҪԼȥ԰¹˹Һܵ㡣
һޱ櫻᲻ϧΪȥͰ¹˹ʯٵԤС
ԣܺ¡
¹˹ǿǧĴѪ֣Ѫ嵱ҲǿĴڡ
֮ǰҪͷƶ¿ս׼ҲûܳĨɱ¹˹ֻ߽ƶµ
ޱ櫵ͷЦЦȻᡣ
Զѡޱʡ
һᡣ
ûгɵػشޱϵЦ˼֡
Ҿ᲻ˡ
˵ȴɽޱ櫵֡
˲ںҹűķߡ
¹ͣޱ櫿ǰ·
Ҽ㽲Ǹµĺɡ
á
СŮ֮󡭡


60 
ɭش֮, ޱѹʱһ۾ǰϤĳ, ۵ûһ˿⡣
֪¹˹϶ġ
űƿޱؿ߽ˣϵı˺ܶࡣ
ǻ¡
ΨһõˣҲΨһĴڡ
˵, Ҫǲϲɭ, һɱĹҪʲôΪȥޱ, ûҪԼΪۡߵ, ЩεСͷ
ԼĳȻԼ
ԼҲֵã
ֵá
Ůƶػش, Ǿǿ
¿ЦһôôأԼҲ֪ģѧ·úܺá
ˡ
¹˹ޱصС
ҵԸԼˣҲȱǿ
Ϊ, СŮɫЩ԰, ƴһ˫۾Ǿǿ, Щ
¹˹ΪʲôҪҴ, Ȼôҵĸױ, ΪʲôʱͬһɱأﵽҪʲôޱʵ
ʹܶ, ǻһζûлش
Ҳһ˵, ֻǳص̾һʡ
ޱأǿԵĻΪһѪ𣿡
òҪĴ𰸣ޱصɫ˲ƣɻشϣˣԶӡ
ҺۣϢ
СŮҲƵģǻ²ûϣʲôû˵ֻǰš
ޱŽյķţȦˡ
롣
ԣԸֻһͨͨࡣ

ɭûûɱѰɭˣ˭Ҳ֪͵ʲôĵط
˵ɭȥһĵطǳͷɭ˺ĳͷ
ޱظоһֻƫĸо
˲ԭ˻£ʹһ֮ǰڵС
ޱĺϲ£
͵͵ѻ¿ԼˣĵεҪľ˾˲ǰ¹˹ǻ¸жá
ȻԼҲ֪ǲܵġ

֮ޱҪʼѧϰ
¹˹ΪϿΡ
ѧٵʱСŮ濴һϰ¹˹;һߵɳϣһƣɫ۾
ޱأΪһǿĴѪѪ𣿡öĸķͻȻʵ
ޱصֶ˶٣һ
ⲻԡ
¾ǰҲʹ⡣
ѵ
ޱ뵽һܣǺֽܿǸͷ
ôأ
ֱδŹôƵ¡
¹˹ֿԽɴѪѪķǻҲӦͳΪѪˡ
ʹͷͣٶСŮŰ¹˹۾ﻹǽ䱸
ᶨػش𣺡Ҳ룡
¹˹ЦЦ۵ȴһƬ
Ǹ֪߳ܵĸһϲҡҶҶ㻹ΪʲôһĶҪԸ¼ѪҺҲԸһ߹ĴѪѪ塭
߬סޱص׾۶ŮϸС
ǰ¹˹סɱ¾
ü壬ޱܸоԼƤһС㼦Ƥ
㿪ƴѣǵ԰¹˹˵ҪָѹҪЦ
¹˹εؽ¶ȥʼСŮϸĲϵѪ
֪ƣûгܳʱջ
¹˹ŵز˲ǣȻ˵ǰĵѪ

ÿѪ֮Ҫ
ޱؿβĺ죬ĵļҪ³
ܹˡ
롭

ޱغ֪ܿ˻ºͰ¹˹ΪʲôҪ˵
¹˹˽ҡ
һֹ˰¹˹κ˽ķ䡣
ޱǼܵķһ뵽ˡ
һûеƹķ䣬յģʲôûУޱߵĺڰԼһ˩Ůˡ
ѪܿڰеһУŮһǣͷɢݣϡɼǳƤͷݡ
ңŮɢǴѪֵϢ
¹˹˽䷿䣬ޱز֪ԼͼܵĸоǸİŮĪܵһϤ׽ĸоһֱζŮϡ
ޱأ裬Ӧʺá¹˹ԱͻȻ
ޱزŵ͵Ůϣ۾
衭
û
¹˹ûɱǰĥ
ޱؽʮ꣬޷ʮ䣬Լĸ׶ĵطĥ
ǿлεĸгԼǰһĳ
ڰУޱصۿԾˡãڼž
ԺĻʲôҶԸ㣬
ǿСŮѧԼǰͷһΡ
ǰ¹˹ȴԼûвеôģ෴й֮ǻС
ϳһĨ΢Ц۵ȴһƬ
ͻȻִ³ؽޱһӵıϣȻס°ͣŮ˵
ˣޱأŮ˿ûһ졣ңϸİչô󡣵ֻһ棬ȴƶˣϧ½ҵͷչʮʲôȴҡĸŮһİǣ
¹˹һ伸ģûޱصǰôĻ
ʮꡣ
ֻڹԼ԰ķΧڻ
ҪѧϰָĶͻᱻ
ϲŭ޳ĵʱ򻹻йѪ
Ű˵Ѱ¹˹ˡ
ޱزԼޣֻΪ°ϵʹУܿƵԵۿ䡣
˳գҵ˵ġ
¹˹ˡ
ͻȻ侲ɿ֣ħŮϸƤϵĺĨȻЩ̬ؿʼᡣ
ǸҴˣҲͻȻ㷢Ѫӵ޾̶ʮ㲻ʲôģ֮޾ʱףҲ϶õˡҲźͻ
ޱľվš
ʱŮƺ˶̧ͷĿ⾲ؿǡ
ޱصϡ
ޱ̲סһ˿ϣ
衭˵Щʲô

֪ޱǰ¹˹ȡ֣ûиȡأ
ʮú

ûС
ޱĳûг֡
ġ
Ůɳ˵
ޱ㶵վԭأһ˲׹ѡ
Ůؿ۵׻к⣬ͻȻǰǷһִӵĸϣҪסޱصĲӣڻǰ¹˹ʱ˻ȥ
Ҫ㣬ҪΪ㣬ôܻᱻҵĴһʼûлСû㡭Ůﲻͣ
Ǹղŵ°ϵʹûлɣޱص̲סˮ
㶵һ
֪¹˹ڿЦɹˡ
¹˹ȷʵһĻЦˣã´ս˽ޱرڻУְȥˮ
װģ˵㡣㻹Ҫѡ𣿡
ǡ
ޱر˱۾ǻش

͵ǡ
ծ
¹˹һڴ֮ǰҪһ¡
䣬ޱǰ𽥱˳׿ĺڡ
ʧȥʶ
ޱز֪¹˹Ҫʲô
ֻúۡۡ
˵ʲôҲ
ʧȥʶʲôҲƺҲͦõġ
˯ɣװޱأѹػ
ޱصʶʧȥ֮ǰ¹˹һ仰
ħںڰиֹ¹˹ĵʣͬʱΧޱغŮˡ
ʧˣŮ˺˯״̬ޱͬʱա
壬ܶôʱ䶼ޱصĸøл¹˹Ů˵
塤ƶŮ˵֡
ӣҺ㣡Һ㣡Թؿ¹˹Ъ˹ĳ
еʮ֮Ѿĥ߽ɾ԰¹˹ûһ˿вûֻЪ˹˻Լĺ⡣
㣬Ҳ㡣
¹˹¶һĨ̵Ц
Ҫʹý
Ѫ嵱Ѿʧ˵һ¹˹ҲԵɺϲ֪˶ʷϵռʩз
ѼȻջ񣬵ֻаٷ֮ʮɹİա
¹˹ԸðһԣΪĵһֻɹֱ
ɹ֮ޱؾͻѪ塣
¹˹ӣһǰȥ
Ӹ¿ŮˣȻֽ˳
ҪңŮݿ£־壬ֿĽӽ
¹˹ȴֱסѪǿ׾ٽνŮ𽥷ͽ͵Ļֻʣ²ͣĲ
ˣá

¹˹ظŮ˵ͷĶ繵صûϵޱ櫻ΪµƷ壬Զ̱ѣʹ㡭
Ů˵һᣬƽ۵˽ѡ

ޱѹ֮ԼѾ˴Ѫ֣¹˹ϲ
أӦңޱؿ¹˹Ż
ǵģҷԼ̫һ߳ƶµˡ¹˹ش
ΪޱػᷢŭΪôԵŪǳԤϵģǰŮ쳣ƽֻǿһۣȻ侲ջߣûж˵һ仰ûжһݱ顣

ǸŮˡ
ĸס
վˡ
¹˹ûзŹɱʹŮá
ޱĵ׾Ȼز⡣
Ϊ¹˹ˣһмֱˡ
ûаһƽȵ˿
һֻϵ
ôЦ
Ȼ
ķ¹˹Ѿ뿪ޱڴϣŴɵ죬ƽֲ۽ıҺ塣
ǸŮˡ
㣬Ըû㣬㵱ĺӣĿҲֻ
ʹѪԵϵŮ˺һİû
ޱĵһԼ֮ǰŮ˲һİˣŮ˸ںҲûҪѹûҪġ
᲻ĸˡ
ŮЩ߳ŭغݺݲϵᣬȻ󷭹ƽ컨壬Ŭ۾
ƴԼԼųᡣ
á
ˡ
Ϊʲôλûôأ


ޱرɴѪֵʷ˷츲صı仯Ҳûǿޱȡ
ޱػڲ֮ħ츳¹˹ʼ̸񶷻ħѧ÷ǳ档
֮⣬ޱضѧϰһּ˵״̬ʼʳض飬ǻʱڽ¹˹̸ĶѧᣬȻԼϾʱ䶼Ĳҡ
ޱһֱʻµǸ⣬ʵĵһ𰸡
ЩϾֻĵ׵Ĳ²⣬ʶؿǸ𰸡
ֱĳ죬ڹŮ˽
ڳ֮ͻΪ𣿡
˭뵽¾ȻͨɴѪأ룬ʮǰ´ʱ˾ѾעˣעΪµ
ޱص̫ˡ
ǰô治׺幫Ϊʲôᰮһࡣ

ĴѪѪҪѪĴǽ׽̶ȱѪĴƩá
塤ƶ´Сǰ¹˹ϵȴһˡ
¹˹ѻӤô󣬾ΪһܰɴѪ֡ϣһѱĳ֮Ϊ
ġ
ޱشŮ̸֮󣬶ĵļҪ³ǿɱ뿪¥ݣŮ˿ûвֹ

ޱرɴѪ֮ĺܶ¶ûгֹ˵ȥ˱Ӳ칤
ĳƽӹ󣬷糾͸մӿĻڲҵޱء
ҵŮʱרĵؿһħ顣
ޱأʱ䡭㻹𣿡˵Щɣ߹ȥһĨǡ
µȻ֪ޱضʲôʱޱҲ
ޱûпɱȫעĶ
֪ȷʵԼˣεؿЦһ£ȻСŮ԰Ҳһ鿴
ʱ侲ĵţ֪ҹɫˣ¾ޱڲҵĵһ硣
ڻΪޱؽ첻ʱŮˣɴͷ¶Ỻطһҳ
Ҫȥ߰¹˹
¿ãȻ˵Ҳᡣ
һ뿪ޱأô뿪Ļ㡣
ͷ鱾Ů̧ͷ΢Цһ£Ȼֱһ¡
ֿʱ¿ɫ۾ƺˮ⣬ۿҲЩ졣
лл㣬¡˵
ллΨһһĹҵĴڡ
Ůˡ
ŲԺܿصͷֿʼרĵؿ顣
¾۵˻ɬӵ

˵İޱ뿪
¹˹մ淴ѻһƣޱعȥûģȻѪ
ޱ鼮ѧܶѪ˺֮ǰͱ˰ɭصذ׾֮һ
Ȼɭûа취Ͱ¹˹ͬտǰذܵ˺԰¹˹˵ȴʲô
ޱƴȫҲֻǿЦػѡ
ΪȻð¹˹
ʱǻ¼ʱסһֵĹҶʩһħ
¹˹ƶµضһħ磬ûнʸ˴磬ͨħҲ˲䱻֡
Զޱ˵ھߵûᡣ
ħЧޱ뿪һ룬ͻ˫Ŀԡ
¶һ΢Цı顣
ޱصۿ̲סֺˡ
лл㣬£һһġ
˵

ɵһжʧˣȡ֮εգƺͲõ⡣
ޱز֪°͵
ؿڻѪȴһҲۣڵϣ㶿Ʈİƣ֮ǰδķ羰
ס˶ãһֱۿɬʱޱ櫲ź֪һĨЦݡ
ĳɹ
ˡ



61 

ޱ櫵Ȼֹ, Ϊоؿڵλһء
ȥԭһͷޱؽŮɢĺڷ, Ȼһ˫ͨ۾
Се㰮ء
ޱЩεЦˣ۵ȴᣬָȥۿᣬʣôˣΪʲôֿˣ
ͻȻΪ֮ǰģ֪ôĵСʱ
ʱޱ櫻ûб¶ԼѪܡ
תѪ֮ǰͯºܼ, ϼ仰ܸ, ûˣҲûѣÿճ뾡취ƶҵĽֵȥ
Щûʲôûġ
ǻȻȻޱ櫵ϡ
ͯЩĵ, ޱ櫲Ի, Ѿû˸о, ҲûôִֻЩ˵ֲܸ֪߳ԼѪݣԾͽ˹ȥ
ҲΪĵˣޱЩ£һҪ
Թµʽ
ʼޱ櫽£ûнǸСŮϵޱϡΪʱᶨΪޱһ, ҹڹﻹйµķص㡪ƶ¹, ޱ櫶һЩģͱ仯ݡ
Ĺ½֮ȫҲ뵽ҹĹ, һõͯ¡
֮ٽǸµʱ, Ļܲ²ޱ櫾ǽԼأ
ޱٽµĺεʱ, ҲͲģЩ͵ص, µ˹ޱء
Ϊˣޱ櫽ʱȫĺƽ, ޲·ڽ˵¡
û뵽µ˿ˡ
ޱЩЦãֻÿʼˡ
Щ¶˵ѾʲôˣֻԽպ壬˷ǿ޵Խˡ
ڵ֪ޱѪ֮ǵ֪Լĺ֮С𳹵û˹ǣѧճˣǰ˶ǰǸӲˡ
ޱִչȥһ¿޵ͣ۽ǡ
ȷʵǹСʱģЩѾȥˡԣǲˣˡ
ſޱؿڣζԷظԼᣬʵض϶ܡʱͺˣޱС㣬ģĺҪʱԱػ㡣
̲סʹ
ΪֻҪһ뵽ĵޱС㻹ǸСŮʱ򣬹ڳǱһ˾;ͺܲԼܴʱʱһޱС㣬ȻӵԶԶġ
޸ĸû飬Ҳ
ޱС㲻һ
ܸܵޱСڼĸ׵ʱĵһϣģΪжô˹طˡ
ޱС㿴˹ط˵ʱԶů⡣
ʹޱС˵ЩµʱƽǸʱ⣬ȴ˫۾ﶼǱˡ
ޱǰޣΪΪ飬ƴš
ɼʹ᲻ˣһֻ۾ӡ
ΪأңΪҸеʹҺܿġޱĵһ̲סñǼһº۾ӵıǼ⣬ǿЩѹ
۾͸ʪĺͫʣΪʲôѹ
ޱ˵ΪҰ㣬Բ뿴ᡣ
㶿գ۶ˡ
Сһ
Ǹɰӣޱ̲סһáô죿СԶҲزȥǸԳֵˡ
ޱ櫴а׵ָ֪ʲôʱ⿪˯µĿӣ¶ڱ¶ڿƤС̲סһ£۾ʪĴȴɵһǻûдӴлع
ճ
ޱЦһ£յĶСʣ
š
ۿĺתƵա⡣
ޱ櫵ܼңˮǻ𡣶;лһϸ۵٣ʸϣƾ紵ֻʣ̵ҶΡΡζ
˺ܾúܾã˾ͷȥ
Ҳ㣬ޱС㡣
ϸ˵Լİ⡣

ڶһ磬ޱȥ˽
ȴ֮ϣｫڷӿޱһֱϣｫʲôʱϵԼϾԼһµСҪ⵹۹Ʒ˭ǲܵġ
ޱ櫵ʱϣｫڴ۾ƽϵʲôţޱ櫽ȥ֮Ƕһã⿴ƽϵҳҳһűѩƬ
ű۹γ򶼷ˡѩޱ櫽糿Ҳˡ
ϣｫһߴǿ׳ʮͣھŵԵʣˣһҲϣӢ̵ԿʱҲӦǸˡ
ժ˱ϵ۾ޱһʱ䣬ԱɫĹܼѾ˻衣
ллޱ櫸תͷԹܼòصл߾ϣｫ
˵ϲȻ衣
ޱ㶣漴ͷǵģҺϲȻ衣û뵽С½Ҳǵá
ϾݴС˵Զ㣬ϲĳɾͣʲôѡݺϲ㡣
ҲϲݣǺҪá
ϣｫЦЦû˵ʲô
ޱܾϣｫЩζ֪ǳһ档
ûᵽݣֻòɫĵ׵ǣ˳ƹĵݵϢ𣿡
˹С⣬Ƕ׽Ҫ׽Ҫöࡣϣｫ仰ɾЩˡ
ޱҲŴЦЦﵹ˼֡
˵Ҳûϵҡ
˼֮ǰϵˣ
ϣｫ̧ۿŵŮĳǶһ޶ƯǾѵʣ¾Ͷ֮䶼ɢűѹȦﰮĽ׷ŮŮҲѹݡ
̲ס̾һ
ݴСͺܻܿڴСͬŮ֪ѵͣȴԱֵһȤҲûС
ϣｫֳҪݵĻȥôѪ£ޱ櫲żҲֵúͶԷԼĺݡ
Ͼĺڻڿ֪ĸˣһжΪǰλø׶ԼŮпõǮ
ݻûԼϲˡޱ˳Ļش𣬲ίᣬҲûбҪôҵһɷѾˣѾ֪Լʲô·ӦøĲɡ
ޱ⻰˵ίϣｫȴе˼
˼޷ڰ˵ԼײϸСʱûи㹻Ĺĺڷſʼ
㰵ˡ
ӸλôԼĻûмλϣｫȴû˵ʲôֻǵͷ˿ڲ裬Ĭ˺һ
ϲ㣬ղ˵Ҳϲ
ϣｫ̧ͷɫ۾ֱޱ櫣Ȼ˿˵ϲͬһ֡ݶ㡭ǹغϲһ㣬˹СҲ֪𣿡
һʱ䣬ƺˡ
ͳ˼룬ޱ櫲Щѵ
Ǹ
Ĳ֪
ޱ櫷ȹϵָ̲ס΢΢һ¡
ݡϲѼϲһָŨصϲغϲ
һ֪µޱһʱЩӦ
ϸ֮ǰദĵεΡ
һֱֻΪһ𳤴ԵʣСʱǱĽɫڰǼˣݲŻճһЩ
֮⣬ޱ櫴û뵽𴦡
ԭһֱݶһСšǷݲһϲһߺȻദ
ޱ櫺ȻЩơ
֮ǰ᲻ࡣϲʲôоҲϲһȴòļѡ
һֱһʹɣ
һᴦ¡ܵС˺ãޱ̧ͷϣ﹫˵
лл˹С㣬ûоһ׵Σô˵ʵڵģʵҲûûʸ֮ĹϵֻΪݰһͬԣȻͬǻŬȥܡҽ˵ЩֻΪҲ뿴ҵŮһעûлӦĸеʹ硣ܿ˹Сûг֮κ㺡ȻԶӦݣ˼
˵𽥵ޱ櫽һֱĹɵЦһ˲ʧˣüƣ˲˼ꡣ

Ը׵˵˹ݵ֮ϣｫܿʰ鿪ʼޱ̸ô¡
ƷһŸٹ̵ĲҪȷʵ̫ѡƷͲƷ֮仹ųϵϵʵϺܶʱ򻹲ǵֻһ⣬Ա߻⼸ͬǿ׳ĲǱ˴֮ϵ
һᶯ⼸ĸϵ
ޱ˼˼֮˴˼취ĽǶȣǽ߷Աߵ⼸ϡ
Ҫˮ֣һ£ΧǿйϷ֧֡ôû֧ԴȻܿ
ԣ⼸ҲƷľģṩıϺ͸Űǰôһ⣬ǰͲöһ顣
ޱ˵Լ뷨֮ϣｫ۾ɵһȷʵǺ⡣
ɵап
ǰλŮֹӵƯòų˵ǻۡ
ڽ¶١ѪݣѾһ뷨ԼֳѪʱҪЭֻҪǵʱʹץ˾ˡޱô˵
áϣｫĿؿûж뷨
ֱѡǰŮ

Ȩԭڵ۹ǶһݵģһҶʣµļҲƷȻҲվû취Ĺ
۹ʾӵȹƵľʵϵȨߣ׾ͿƾȨƽҾú̳ķơ
ֻһĳźͷԺ˿ĵλϧ١;ԲǣѪǣ
Ĵɡ
崥˵ߣֻܵ
ϣｫȥ̸ԼЭһж˳
⼸ҲƷԼͬؿʼѹҵ۹ͼȻҡֻϵƲãҪҵ۹Ӵľ壬ҲҪʱˡ
ͬʱͷͷ𽥿ʼ١Ѫţ⳹ڵ۹ƽըһס
󲿷ʼǰŰɣֱ١ڹϵܷƵһ֡һ֡ǳϸڣǰڵ沿ԱͼûбϷˡ
֤֮ݱֳȷʵе쳣⼸ҲƷ˳ˮƲ֮£۳׿ʼƫ˶һ
ڶʼ׷ԼеĹƱ
ֵ֧Ҳץסһ㲻ţʼͳִһԱ
Ͼ漰Ĵ£ĺѪᣬͳ׻ɲԭµĵ۹񹫵С
ֻԼļý㡣
ڵ٣ǱѪ٣ҲĶԴԼмġΪⳡʣճ˽ҽһֱ֮ӽ֢໤ҡ
ĿϷŹڼֵ÷츲ء
ֻ֮ȥԼ˻¡
ޱһа¹˹ͻ¶Ӧѡ˵١
ϾһѪĴѪֹһֻѪ͡
ûпɱԡ
ѵһΣ֪ԼȺѪֻһūͶĴڡ
ԸӵתΪʲôֻ֮ΪпõĵطôˣͿ㱻ˡ
ΪԼȫ࣬˾޴Ĵۡ
ʵ㹱ȺѪʲô㡣
һūͱ͸ðԼһз׸ˣеѪ˼ά
̫ˣ̫Ÿı״
ѡ뻢ıƤһ·
ڵҪ۵ʱ򡭡
뿪סĵ̧ͷһ¹⣬ɫ
ֻڴ֮ǰҪǸŮҲۡ


屻̳࣬һַĸо˹عû֮ǰ緢˶ʼսսǣԼҡ
˹ط˶ٳȥЩ罻ˡ
ůˡ
֮ǰ˹ط˽õķ̫̫һӶɢ˸ûӰ
˹طЩơ
֮ǰ֪ϾҪѧУºǸߵβҲѧУͬѧᳰЦڼﲻȥѧУ
ҹֻһƽҹ˯ʱ䣬ĸŮڿտӽĿ˶ЩĲɣѻ
پ´ģҰǡ
ޱյ˹ط˵绰ʱѧУ绰Ů˵ţʵĿǻ

ޱ߳ŵʱҲڿɳϷǰƿװơƣأɫЩ̫á
ޱ߹ȥ˵
Ѫѽܰɣݡ
Ǵ֮ݾתսϵӴ˿ʼûûҹطѵЩƫʺսϵѵǿȣҪתרҵʵʦȰüζ޼¡
ȥߵľɵʹ;ᣬʵޱ櫶
ʱֻѪǰ㣬ȴֻţʲô֪ޱ櫣һҷҪԼǿɱеѪ
ޱ櫾˵ϡ
֪ʲôʱݵüۼҲ
ҶѪĺûô߹ɾʱȴҲѪһǰơƣۿЩ΢죺ȷʵЩܲˡǱˡĺʹ࣬ޱ櫡˵࣬ǱתɵѪû˺࡭뿪˺ܶࡣֻʱ̲ס룬࣬ѪԶܻˣҲԶ䲻ǰˡֻԺټʱǻ᲻ɵˡ
վ̲סˣҧŴģۿ
ޱ櫱סĺ󱳣տɫ۾һĨӡ
ǰԺԶҲˡ

վڳأǼȳɵʵǰٲܣôأ
ݲԼĸȾޱ櫣Լһɥ͹ܵˡ̧һ۾Ȼתͷ⡣
ˣޱ櫣㡭Ҫȥ𣿡Ŵޱʵ
ţҼһ£ҵûȥһ¡Ѿ绰ˡ
û°ɣ
ݵüҲЩġ
ޱЦЦû£ֻһС£費̫Ӧһȥһ¡
ݿɵЦŷ
Ҫʲôý¼ǵøǴ绰ҺͰȻܰæĵط
á
ޱߵʱȥèѿһףСè֪ʲôʱѾˣԲ۾
ޱ°ͣ۵Щᣬǵ׻ǰס˽èһߵͷ

ޱ뿪֮󣬿¹ϵţûоһĻҡ
֪ΪʲôܾЩġ

ǰ֢໤ֹͣ˺ʹٷ˴λƫ˽ӵ˻ΪݶŲ
õ١ױ޳ͷԡ
ҹʹ˹ظۡЮ˹ط˺Ϳ磬в˹ط˸ޱ櫴绰
֮µ˹ط˰˵ˡ
ޱ櫽ӵ绰֮ܿ˻
ʱ򿴵ۡտյģֻʡ˹عҲӰŵһʱ㵽ʲôطȥ˰ɣޱЩЦЦ
ޱ櫡˹ءٿӰݺݵҧǸҵļ塢ҵĸ³ǰͣѪϢй¶ϣϲģң
˱ΪѪޱ櫣벻ϣô֪Ѫµġˣǰһʱޱ櫡˹ضȥϣｫ
͵Ť⣬һץһ˵ĲӲָѾ˹ط˺Ϳϸ۵Ĳ
ҵĸˡΪرһòпһٱķʽɱĸס㲻˹ط𣿡
ڻ°칫Ϲޱ櫵϶ǾٵԲġ
ޱʲôȻһ
˹ط˺Ϳѩ׵ȹϱʺѪҺ͸ɴƬĻ䡣
ᵽѪҺζ֮ڿ˿ڴһڣһţֵزţЩҪʹȥ
Ȼ˹ط˵Ҳûкõȥ
ǡޱ櫵
ô
λѪ幫ѾĻڲ϶ñ֪ʵѪ˹ط֪
Ե޿ֵ뵽һϷ
˵ԸԼĻҿԷһˡ
ޱƽѡ񣺡滻衣
ദ͵ãٵȻ֪ޱ櫰ٷ֮ٻѡ˹طˣ뿴˼Ļں档
Ѫٲҵġ
˼öʮּ״ȥޱԼԼ󣬽ദԱ֤ʹǴѪֵѪҲɥʧ
ޱˣҲԼɿ˶˹ط˵
˹طŻѪĲ棬ǵ͵һδ±ĹŮˣֳϳĿʲôҲ
ٿͷü
ˣ˹طˣڲǶĵèڸһѡһŮ
ϸǺˣѡϧԼĴŮأƫСŮأҸʮӵʱѡ㲻ѡôǶ
ʮţˡٿʼʱ
˹ط˵ţǿŷҪʹȥĳ嶯ģؿŮ
Ůƽؿ
СŮú¾ȣ裬裬Ⱦҡ
˹طʹؼγϡ
ŮҪôѡ
һ
Ѿһ룬ָһҪǶ뿭Ĳ߾ֵؿ޺
Ҫ˺ҵСŮ
ͬʱ˹طг
һѡ
ޱЦЦ
Ҳسŵɿ˿磬˹ط˿޺ֽŲߡ
ޱڿĿȴûޱ߿һۡ
ֱ̫˼ˡ
ٴЦ̲סЦޱ櫵Ȼûѡ㣬㸶ʲôҲǱȲСŮ»бЦϧôЦ¾ȻֻԼܿ

ɱ˻ҪôǰϷ
һ¹˹л¾Ҫˡ
ޱɥʧģȻٻûһĶֻøԼʩһϵħ
ɫҹȻʢ꼻һ֡
پޱߡ
˹ط˻ߵغ
УڽԼһ룬ޱ櫵Ŀһ˹ط˵˫տ۾ᣬȴ͸˹ط˵ңԶһˡ
ټ衣
ӽԺ
Ҳ׷ˡ


62 
յ˹ط˵绰֮, ޱ櫵һʱϵ
һĺûᡣ֮ǰôáޱ櫡˹ءݡѪȻޱ櫵Ạ̊́ܲȷʵȽϿٺ
Ͼڵ۹ÿ춼бѪ¹ʷ
Ǹպײ
һޱ˳¶Ѫ, ⰲűѪʱ˹ط˺Ϳ絽ʱǻʵ֤ˣֱһá
һжõġ
ɱԼĻޱԼŵģǰ룬ۡ
ɼ, ޱʧһеһ˲, Ǹоһʹĸо
ʱʹѾܵ˰¹˹Ϣߣȥ˺˵, ǿһ˺˹ط˵ĳ嶯뿪ġ
ޱСôáô, ᲻ѹһ, ŮȴŴ˺

֮ϵޱȺ˵ĵطصλڼӿ˾һƬïɭ֡
⴦ɭʱԶܶ඼˰ʱĳɳ
ޱȸ·õħֻɭҵһŴ׳Ĳ˼Ĵ
ޱСô
򴽣˳⿪Χħ֮󣬽εݡ
谵޹ﵥֻһ߹, һŮ, Ϣ, Ũܶɢǰ, Űɫ, ǰȹװ
̲סס, ۾һգҲգضİָİϵ, ûһϤģĵĻȴһ̵õ˰
ȷ
ޱС㡣

ޱԭ壬ǰ˯
һϳҪʱںϣʱ䣬ָʶѹ
ޱǰںһƬƵĿռ仹һЩƣǼϤõζڱһӵš
ޱһĨεЦ
ɣ
²ش ײ
ڹײĹŴ´ࡣ
һֱϹۣޱ櫻ָ˲Ͳˡ
ޱСҲˣûǺǰһͽޱ櫣ѹ֮¾ͱøˣ͹Ҽһ
ϲޱСûкӡ
ŵޱͷûõζһ˵ĺŵζ
ЩԵ۾ޱС㣬ҺúѲ
ҪѲô죿ޱЦʡ
ڹײԶ˯
ޱ櫾Ҳܻ˵

ȻѡĹײĲС˴´࣬оʵ˵Ϻá꣬ޱȥһϸ첲ȶ
ԹһŤͷȥ𣿡
ٵһҵǺܿ졣Ϊº͵ġ
ޱ櫴չȥһĴǡ
أ
գգ۾̵е졣
ޱִչȥһ¡
ĳ̶ֳ׺Ļˡ
С´ִ˲ƣ֮ޱ櫾ԼԭЩҲˡ
˹ط˻ѡʵԤϹķҲûʲôоġ
ֻޱΪԼʧˣȻʱǻѹ
ŸǵĹ餸һС
ֻʣ˵ĺ
ϲܱյĿռ˽ӵĸоͺֻʣǱ˴ˣޱСֻһ
ޱҲǿԼСƺϲҲųȥˣԵһ˻ȥ
һžУͻȻޱС㣬һϴεĹµĺ

ޱ櫲˵ֻǿ
ô㲻뽲ĻҲûϵΪĹޱ櫲Ķ
ޱЦЦһ
ûв뽲ֻǵһС˿ô죿
һ¾ͺˡϸ
ֻһ¹𣿡ޱЩطʣЦ⣺طеСء
Ӧޱ櫵֮ʲôֱ֮ӱ졣
ϴԼΪˣޱСһֱĵغǾݱ˱Ķ
Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬Ϊ֣һֱۿޱС㲻֡Ǿ
Ӵϵ̺ϣٵϡšԡס
ҹƵĻ䣬̲סЩ߳ܵر۾
ޱõЦûнŶǽɰСﱧһ¡
ƽ˵ʵҲûʲôˣѾµˡһŮˣЩĹͷһֻѪҲĴ
ҲΪСʱȽƭ԰ɣָʧȥԼŮɵŮҲ֪ѪǾңҴؼҡ
ҵŮչˣϧԼѪιҡҲʼƺΪ衣ǶʱϵһθܵʲôůͿ֡Һܸмĵİĸס
ֽ˽
һ뵽ޱСĸôľ̲סĵһơ
ޱСľ꣬ӦΪеˡ
Ǿѹ
֪ܺãޱСĵģȻǷкܴһԼСŮİתƵޱСϵġ
ҪޱСõõģİ
ڰУޱ櫿СԾüͷⱯˡ
ޱ櫲ָḧƽüͷʲô
ܻصȥͺˡĻҾͿȥһʱޱСˡ
ܻصȥһҪޱС㣬ܵ˺ԵĻҲޱ櫵裬һٷ֮ٵƫ
ȵȣʲô
ʲôģҲ̫ˣ
ͷԺֻһѸٱ˻ȥ
ҡҲޱС裬ֻҪֲźޱСԲ㡢Բ㡣
ɵϣʱһάģôܱأޱĶ䣬˵ǰʷλǳǿħʦѾﵽħʦˮƽнһܹʱħܡħûгֹǼٵģҲ޴ӿݡ
ǰʱ䲻ᵹ֪ԼϣҲֻһϣ
ЩȱĲԲԶᲹˣֻԺػޱС㲻Ҫѹʱ
Ȼأ
ԺеԺ¼оޱ櫽
Ȼ󡭡ˡڳϵķ֯°·ϱѪɱ䵽ޱͣżڼҵܾûлҲ֪֯Ķÿϰ뿪·һֱߡߵߵ˳ϣһ·ҵĵط˸ǰһ°˵ģҾʱ·ȥҲѾڼˣڼҡ
ޱؼǵãص֮ӭֻһ߱ʬ塣
ٳߵʱůŮ˻ûһ˿¶ȣѪ˫ۣҲ֮ǰضԼЦ
˵Ļ̫˵Եʰɣޱ櫵ԾЩƣû˵ʲôĬĬսʮָ۵֡
ǹѸԭֻһŮڴסȻһҲûʲôˡҲ֪СŮžٰһ񣬻˿ҿҪҡҾܾˣٰ֮ҹʬ˳ɭԱߡ
ʱұ¹˹ɴѪѪʱҲ̣ܶʲôҲˡʹԼѪȴݵԼСҲ޼ҿɹ飬ǾͿʼججˡ
Եɺ֮һλͬ¹˹Ѫ壬λǿħʦһʱ䡣֪Ըǰ¹˹֮󣬻һħ鲢ѧϰħҰʦ
Ǳħкܶ඼ǽħѧϰܹ֮ں̵ܶʱǿȻӦҪһЩۣʱѾܲôˣֻɱ¾Ժһɱӿ˾ݵѪ
֮ȥ˺ܶطҿʼƫִѰתķҲǱħϵݣ˽Լһͨ࣬˰¹˹Ұ
УĽҪĴ
ֻܷӳѪʱһ벻˵ңһͻԶȥޣλʦѵѪǷӡʱȷʵˣƫִ׷ĨůԸ֡
ϸ룬ҿʱôˣҲѰ¹˹ҲǰҲ֪ԭ´ڰ¹˹һһӲǰϷڴׯһһǵļ֮СҲǻֲ߻ġǰͲ޼ҿɹ飬»ȥױѱ
յĹΨһŵĻҲ
֮ǰޱСŻһζ˵ֻҪߣѾͺá
ͷǱѹһʯͷƵ˵ֻۡ
ٺޱ櫿ʼȥתÿζȥĺӡ
һԸң𾴰Ļұ˵ľƹɷ򡣡
ڶĸûɷֻһŮΪҺܿġϲңϲǮ
壬СʳûǣٰǮƫԼСŮ
ޱʵһֱʼʶǸѾˣûÿµһ꣬ǻȥѰת
Ϊ֮⣬Ҳȥ塣
˹ط˶ҺܺãˡûʲôƫԼСŮҲֻ޹شŵС¡Ҳȥʿ磬Ϊֻһʱ䣬ֻҪ룬Һ軹Ժ֮ǰһһ취ȥСŮ
ۿ׻ûסһ㱡
ɵ𣿡ޱһ´ǣȻָ۽ǣȻһָı
ֿˣ
ޱ櫽Щ˹ȥ˲䡣
Ժ󲻻ˣԺֻҪҵСͺˡδһᾡһߵģұ֤
á


˹عԺмأպýϷһжޱԼʩչĻϵħڼصĽǶȿǵʩչһ
˵ϡ
֤ȷ䣬ϣｫ֮Ѹٿʼ年Ѫһ¡
֮ϣｫΪޱ櫲ٰ񡣵صѡǰסĹű˹عǵط䲻
Ϊޱ׽ѣɯһ޵üһۿ㱣Խʵ
˹һֱ޺СٻͻȻһһ߿һȥڽԵ˹طˣԷƫۡĹ䲻ޱ櫵ĺã֮˹ع
һԡ
˹عˣĿ֮¾Ҳǿû˵ʲôǸƵѾ˹ؼûаֱˡ
һԵط͵ؿһ˹ǰҲ˹طƿڴôˡ˹һСﵽǴСѧϰ˵ʲôֻͲһˣȦ﹫ϵıֱ񣬲ù˼ɡ
鼤һһ䣬Χ˶Ŀɿڴ
ɯҲˡ
⻹ʶǸ˹
Ҳźȹӣľվ˹ط˺棬ܸܵ˿ĸŮĿ⡣
ޱˡ
Ǹˡ
ԼСͼʧˣΪԼῪģΪûޱ櫣һֱӵܱˡȴоһ㿪ġ
ͷŽż⣬ʶصһᡣ
ޱ櫡
ʹѾˡ

˿ɯҲڳ
ɯ˿һĻط飬壬ʵҲе̲סҪȥ˹طǸŮˡ
ɯһ뵽Լ֮ǰǶιļƵ̲סᣬޱ櫲ϧȥԼʻĸףŮתͷȴѡ»б̵ޱ櫸жѹİ
˿ҧŴҲ˫Ŀͨ졣
ޱ֮ǰ˵ȥĹűͣôأ֮ǰ˵ˣȴûԼʳˡ
ǻûгΪء
Уܶޱ櫽õ˻Ҳˣȣʡ
ԶڿյϢ֮һʱջˣһϵʱ䣬΢ͷɴͬĻһȺµŮˣԻ̬ߡ
ϺͰ˹ɯҪ޶ȫͬ쳣ƽĬţûеһᡣ
ֱ֮ϳصԼıԼϴּ䣬ſʼͣظŻ
ֻ¼ϻͣϸڣǻƵ
ޱ櫱һƬ
֪ĵʱоԼΪ˵Ĵĵ˼㣬ǿ޲һᡣ
ֻ綼תһϢĺĸо
ڵֲֻܿƵزš
ޱ櫡
ݺȻһֱϸĸ֪֪ûޱˡ



63 
ޱʵĬĬԼȫ, Ϊÿ˶һĸ
ݺϣｫȻʱһ΢ͷ뿪Уûлعͷ
ӷ⿴, ܿԼϤĳԽԽԶ
֮ǰһ˽ͷؤʵǱ֯bossѡ̳ˡ
һעϷѡ˿ʼ
һֱƲܾʵϴš
ڣ׷һԼҪ, ޱ˵, Լȥϲ¡
ǣŷݵ߶ˡ
֪Ҳûмеˡ

ޱ櫿˹ط֮ȥ޵Ժϵعǰޱ櫲֪Ĭе᲻Լй, ȥڴˡ
ޱ櫻ûμҹѵϷѵ, ڽƣ֮ڵϿҹ, Ƕ̹ٺĪ˹̹һ߹һ
Ѫ¸Ƕ̹˾޴ݱֽӹѵ

Ҳûμص˰ȫһˣȥҪүүǸģʶֻɱѪǻµѪͣȴ֮Ҫȥ˻¡
˰ȫ֮, ͼ˻Ľ㡣
ȱޱֿЦ˺þá
һ˴ޱ櫻˳
ˡ
һ߳һߵԲ۾߷ߵ쵰, ǲ֪˽Ѫ, ȴң
ҲǴ߸֪, Ǹ, һֱҵݡޱ櫴Ǹ͵
ҡҡͷ
ôֽ, ҽҲѪǺ£ͲٵԼᱻˡ
ֻ֮ǰȷʵŵˡ
ޱ櫾Ͷݵڰȫס
֮ǰȥһõׯ԰, ޱ櫿һƬõ廨˵͸ԸĻԺׯ԰ˣͬׯ԰ǰ˼԰һ͸
ޱЦŽ
ϲõ壬ϲõˡ
ֻסڵϵ׻Σա
ȻޱѾصԼԭ壬ʺ֮ǰȫһڵӳȫõϳ⡣
ɰ¹˹һа취ޱ櫲Ưׯ԰١
ڿ֮£ǻǻԸȫĵ³ǡ

-
󣬴Ĵ񷶥ģеչ֦ѾϽķɫС΢ζޱվڴڳؿ
Ϊѹ
ΪֻԼģĻûл˵
߹վޱ࣬ǿԴ
±ǴΣڶ糿뿪ʱĹű񵽵Ŀ֦ѿ֮󳤳ɵ֮ǰһؿ֦Ѿˡ
ÿ
ޱУԼķϣ΢΢۾űǼ޵㡣
ޱС㣬ѹ𣿡
ûУһֻһΣѾѧϰȥϰʧȥˡޱ櫵ɱۣش
꣬һֱ켣ɱʶܶˣȴҲڲͣʧȥһЩˡ
Թڰǣ㲻ڣԺվǻߵֿһ졣
ڣʱֻǱǰ˶ѡ
ޱ櫲ôģ෴úܰġ
ΪһΣת뿪ʱһ֮ǰҲȫ̡
ȥһ棬ҲǺޱ櫡˹س׸
ϲޱ֣Ժǽޱ櫡
ԺֻСޱСˡ

--
칫̸ߵʱޱǰһӦˡ
ޱ櫵ϣܶ԰ȵݱܡ
ǵŮؿƽ֪Ѫ壬֪ǵ˺޹࣬Ա֤һ㡣Ҫʲôȥ֤ĻôܱǸòκζȥȡһЩֶܼй۲ϣܼھУһݵҵ
ޱ֮󻹸˰ΪҵǱŵ»ˡ
ʱԥһ룬ͬˡڿ˹ٰѪûбϲ㣬ֻ֮к֪¡
Щܺý
ֻҪ룬Ҳס
ʵ֪Ѫ֮󣬾ѾȡһЩֶܼΡ
һʱĹ۲죬жϳޱ˵Ļʵ˹ٰȵŮȷʵձϵѪһɱȷʵҲ˵ϵȻҪԭǣȵڿɿصķΧ֮ڣܿӦޱ櫵ĸԭ
ΪԼа취ȵݣû뵽жô졣
عܾҪѧУصѪ
ô㣿
һҲ֪˳ɻõ˲֪
һ˹ٰȵʱȻܶɸ顣
ûа취
ֻĻŶޱ櫵Ǹ⣬ǽϢϣｫ
ͬʱȡһ¡
Լޱ櫵Լһ֪ϣｫ
ϣｫ꣬Ĭ˼˼֮˵֮һҶᰲźãֻ˹ٰȵѪֻҪҪ¶ֳһᰴ˹СҪ󣬱ȫھУһֱҵ
ϣｫվЩھΡ
ޱ櫣ĳ̶ֳϣ벻ϵ
ϣｫô˵ĵ׾һ
㲻ʳˡ
ϾԼӦ£겻ɳŵĵǻĵѹʲô
һ׮£ѧУ֮û죬ܿյϣｫż
żϵĵѹһʯͷ
ἰȫ̸ˣȫԳȷ˹ٰǵˣ֮һϣȵݵõܡ
ӵؿյľģû뵽Ȼǰȫ䣬ѹҪ󡣿ȻѪȴûɥʧԣޱҲ塣
ȫʼ;ϵѰȣô
ͻȻʵ⣬ΪᶨӥɣȵȻѪ̸ʲô̲סüش𣺡վֻվԼϣվȨĻȨ߲㡣
ǰֻû߳У԰ѧʲôȨأ
Щ߲һѾʼʼʱĿ֮ϾѪɱģҲûеܳѪһĳ̶ȣ໹кܳ·Ҫߣάֶݵĺƽͨ˵ǱҪġ
Ҳ޷ѪϣｫҲڿ
Ϊǰʵǣȫͷƶ¼岻һѪӽϱֳĶƽһ棬ѪҲûʲôͷҰġ
ڷƶ¼Ŷʱը˵̸͵Ŀܡ
ѪսȫһˮЩ
౾ԳΪӮңֻҪĵȴѪԼڶȫԵʱȥ֮
ƾˮһûа취ܺͰȫ
Ϊȫ䣬ҲҪӻ˹ٰУ˳ҵ
ʲôıʲôĿġ
˺ܾö벻
ûһֿܣǾûʲôĿأһֻƵͷȻѪԿ˹ٰȸ̸ʲôϲ
ǾãУֻǲġ
Ѫ塣
ޱˣѪС
̶ʱڶ˾޴Ӱ˵ûа취ٺѪͽ⡣ǾޱСֻʣ˿˹ٰȺˡɵǣ˹ٰȻѪ塣пʵҲ¶ǵʱݵ˵ȫ߱
ȼޱжమԼߵŮµգҲޱ櫵ĸЩģֻǲޱܵ˺ɡ
Щ뷨Լûû˵
ڰǰʵǣ߲кܶฯϣｫΪִһ
ڲܳʲôǣϣｫҲڿǺѪ˵һκȺѪƽĴѱٴֻĻߵһ
Ĭãһʲô֣صľļպãüͷҲɿˡ
ϼǲǾͰȫǶֻҪԼ㹻ˡѪ֮ԶҲܴﵽĺƽѡͰȫƶµ֮顭ȣʱǾ뿪ɡСʱ˵ȥΪһѪˣȥġһ·ߣһ·ɱѪ塣
á
Цˣۿ̲ס졣
Сʱļ䡣
ֻʱѾѧôɱѪ
ԶĻӰչεңССοĸ͵͵Сȡ
Ժĸ磬ǻǱ˴׽ˡ
ǳԺǿ󣬳ΪѪˡȣʱǾһֱ߱۹ÿһأɱеѪ塣
޷ǵ壬ǾԼΪ塣
--
Уܿʽӭһࡣ
ǱִԱһڵʵʵŶ񣬿ݣǿ̬ܿӦǸͲꡣ
ɾ̫۵꣬ȴ׼ȷϳ켣ھУÿһѪ塣
ĵ죬ݽܼʱȫŰȵ֣ɫǳš
ݻΪѵ̫ˣϢ㲻Ҫȥѵˣôѵȥðˡ
Ȳš
Ϊ֮ǰȷ˵һжˡ
Ⱦ»ǿ׵ģȻ˵˲õģԼͲõġ

Ŷӵʱվڰȵĺ档
ֵȼʱݵɫرס
ȿһǰ滺нĶ飬ÿ˶Ҫߵ̨Ѫ
ȴû˵ѪҺѪѪҺʲôһζʲôĻ϶һġ
ңһ˵۹ͻȫּ鷽Ѫˡ
ȿһ۲Ѫ̨ǸѪҺζˣа²϶ʲôܹⷽѪ塣
ղ͵͵ˣ˱Ѫ׼ȷȫڰٷ֮١
ûӶԷϸܵͬϢȼҪɶԷҲѪˡ
αװھУѪһʼνж֮Աǣֱа취ֱǣһҲʼˡ
ЩѪֱѡ¶ͼһ¡
Ȼಢɵӣ׼һѪ¶ݣʽԼħʦսϵѧȫԴȥƷϼ֮ܰѱ¶ݵѪɱ
ȫĿ£ֻһѧŶǰѪ̨ǰȴ顣
ֵȺݡ
ĬļʱİȶˣһվŵĺһָӵĿ⿴ʱĵײԤо͸ˡ
ΪԷһȻĵװ·׼
ֱǿ˵ͷ
ʾͨ˼飬û⡣
źݺһ
ûͬʱݼҲ˯и



64 
һ, ޱڰȫţ쿴ճæĽԼ²СС¡
ȫͷƶ¼Ѿʽսˡ
ѪڶôĶȻҪȫͷƶ¿սܾ, ʱѪһˡ
ɺնȥը˿ʵҡ
¹˹ڿʵҲѪʵ飬滹ࡣ֮£նػƶʵϽеı̬пʵ鱩¶˵۹ý塣
ʱҪǻսǾͲѪǰˡ̶ֳȣԺ۹˭;ܹػǵȫ
һ, Ͳòۏ˻ˮ
¹˹ȻҲڵѪս©⡣
Բ½ԼеͼѰ
Ĺ, ѪȻܴɺ
һɥĲ¡
ǾµѪ壬רЩȨ߲ļ˳ӵתѪ֮, ԼĿܼ
ôҲ뵽, వĵɱǰá
һٶǳЩȨƵˡ
ޱغͰȫǸ¼Ů˾Ȼĺ˺, ǲ·ɵԼζѪһ塣¹˹յǰսֲ֪ڼֳǵļƻϢ֪ǰأɫҪˮ
ҿʵҲˡкܶѾͷзɹױճһѻ
Ѫһ
ǰ¹˹Ҳ̫侲޲õ˺ʼٸ
µѾĲˣĬû˵ɫЩء
ֻǰȫ, ǿܹвر
ھһҲ˽, ڷƶ¼˵Щ, ҴӿսǰϢҲ̫á
ͻȻ˺ܶǰǸǿһǿСŮ
˵ԼҪ¾һҪɹ
˵, ϶ɹˡ
̧ۿһ۰¹˹, ܿջ, ƣԤУޱҲԼ¡ɱа¹˹
ɵԼ
Ƕޱһжڽշɻ


ޱ֮ǰͰ¹˹˵ԼԻص, ɱ¹˹԰Ƥ
ڿЦ
ԼȻô˵ˣһô
ʱת۹ȥ˰£ޱһҲػط˰¡
ʦѵĹ͸Ǳħ顣һЩħ滹кܶħĽܡ
ʵԭޱѡеһüĽħ󣬾ޱ˶˵һɱ¹˹ͿħͬʱʹýҲȻҪĴۡ
ޱаɱ¹˹
ǰҲرںԼѡħ
ֱ֮Ѿת뷨š
ѡһаٷ֮ʮɱ¹˹ħ
ħҲܴɱǿĴѪѪֻĴǳӣҪħԴȥ֧Ŵ߶˵ڻʱͲܳһϸ΢Ĳ
ޱ櫿˺ܳʱ䣬ǾħĿԲǺܴ̲ס̾һϿ̫ʱ䣬Щķҡ
ЩҳϵĶޱʵͼֻΪûкõĽ취Żøӽ꣬ͣطǱ顣
ޱڴɳϣԽϣĿ
֮ǰΪ˷￴飬һɳ
һűƿ
ˡ
ޱûжԼߵɳ£ħÿذޱ櫵ͷ̧ԼĴϣСذĦ۾ۡ
ޱС㣬Լ̫ˣܻа취ġ
ޱû˵ֻǲԼĶϣ˯һ
ȷʵеˣҲе㼱ˡ

һѹʱޱ櫷Լڴϡ
ûӰӡ
ޱ´߳ȥ
ޱС㡣¸֮ʺá
ޱЦų˵ͷ
ȥ֮ǰԸҪһֱ顣
ðޱ櫴ӦˣüĽҲɢ˺ܶࡣ
֪ÿôæսн¹˹
СƴҪ
ѾЩͷˣǸħ󡭡
ޱ櫸¸һ·һ硣
¸ϲ硣
ǰȫ˼ϾѪ壬кܶϾɹϰסõĺܶණƽںܶѪ嶼˽⡣
ЩѪ¸һȤϹŶ
֪ޱ櫵̸֮Щŵʱڼǰĸʱ¸ж༤
һ֪ĺѵá
¸ǳܺޱ櫽̸ʱ䡣
Խ˰µʱ䣬ȫޱ櫵ԸŻ͸۷ˡ
Ȼλһλ޷Ĵڡ
¸ĿһԵЦŮˣǿ߲ʵĳػɢһʵʣ˲ԾҪ׽
¸ɵսλ´ذȫʱ򣬵ʱֱһ䶯
ĴѪѪ壬ԲһϢΧʮӢֻѪܸܵĵ
¸һʼ֪ޱ櫾λصҹĴߣԴӳͶܹ
ͬʱҲŷϾޱ櫵ĺɶС
ֱ֪ޱ櫺Ĺϵۿ֮ճദģʽ֮¸ϸܿ췢˷츲صĴ仯
¸ôҲû뵽Լ֮ǰĵĲǿģ밮ˡ
ֻǶͬλŮ԰ˡ
¸һΪ侲Գ֡Ž䣬ƽﶯޱǰ죬żԼʶ
¸Ϊ߸֮ǰ֪ͬʱֲɵ뵽ԼαװʱһֻȮÿÿҲһ˫ֺ۾ͷЦ
ޱСհ
Աƺʺõ
հ
ޱظó¸Զ˼ѹԼЩӦеðʼΪ˿ѡ
ͶԴȻôҲǺġ
ʺõﲻ
¸ѾٶеȣΪÿޱһڹڳϣǶΧۣ̿˳ʱ
ûʲôϡģޱС㱾ߵĶܵӭ
ȷʵȫ˼ޱкøС
һˣǾǿɪա
ɪڼޱ櫣û뵽ʵݾȻһѪ壬ǴѪѪ塣
ɪ֪Լûлˣ˶ܻԸһ
ɪҲòġ
ϸ۲λĴѪѪ幫죬Ҳ۲쵽ദճ
æ
æźͷƶ¼ս
ɲæҪÿ춨ʱһΣȥΡ
λνȵѪҺѡԼѪҺ
³ǲȵϣʵѪҺݳƷܶȵĶǷѪҺܳ伢Ѻ˵㡣ԼҲԼѪŮ˺ȡ
λѪ幫ȴڷ￴飬¡
ɪۿһУֵ˼ʣΪеֵޱ櫵Ů˶İԶԶûô
ܶʱڵ渶
ޱ櫺¸ڽ΢תһȦٻصʱע⵽˳ȲԶһĵŮڿĿŵ⡣
ʶŮˣǽпɪաȫʱ˾Ѿڹһˡ
֮ǰԼܹɪպǿͬʱǰȵħʦ
Ǻһμʱ򣬿ɪվͲǺϲءޱ櫿ȥƽغͶԷӡ
¸鷳ȥ鷿ȡһ·ƶͼֽǰҪɪռ¸ɫ˵
¸ü⣺֮ǰѾͼֽȥ𣿡
˵ǲСĶˡ
¸ܿͷȥ鷿ȡͼֽ
Ⱦʣޱ櫺Ϳɪˡ
ޱ΢΢һͷɲʲôĴˡ
ȫûбҪʱͼźͷƶ¼ӲӲô̶ܴϾΪɣķƶ¹ΪͰ¹˹֮жԹ˵ĴûҲûоһߵΡ
ɪ֧¸֮󣬳ȼ˫ۻأ΢΢ϱų
ޱĵһȻƶʵ
ϲ
ޱ櫵ֱ״˿ɪһֲ
㶣Ȼô
ҵġ
ޱ櫵Ŀ̫Ȼÿɪ̲סһŭ
ΪʲôƾǸ߹ĴѪѪΪڰȫΪǴѪ𣿰ȫû˻ǲǴѪ֣Ϊλϡ
أ˵ЩʲôĿģ뿪𣿡
ɪ㶡
ʵ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪ˵ЩԼҪʲôֻ֪ǡʣѹ˺öֻһ˲䣬Ȼܿƾˡ
ɪС㣬㵱Ȼϲɡ㣬ϲҸղ˵ҵ仰ֻһ㣬ҰҲ֮Ĺϵ㿴ġжϲҲֻҡޱƽſɪյһһ˵
ʾȨ
ޱ櫴Сڷƶ¹ﳤ󣬰¹˹Ǹ̬ɣѧ˺ܶණǱĬ֮ԸҲܵһЩӰ졣
Ʃƫִռ
Сģ˭Ҳߡ
Ů˶վһ仰û˵վ˵Ļ.ҩζ¸ͼֽ֮ܿľôһ档
ͼֽ˿ɪ֮󣬺ɫѿѸ뿪ˣһ붼ûж
¸ıӰЩã
ޱС㣬ղźͿɪʲôҿɫ̫ԡ
ޱ΢Цһ£޹ȻĿǡ
Ҳء



65 
ŰȫͷƶµսȻ, ޱгǸħĸ汾
֮ǰĸƣ֮ǰȻҲʩ, 㹻һȥ֧ħڶʱڴ
ڱȫԼɱ˰¹˹
ԡҵˮƺͣˡ
ޱ櫵ʹüָۣ㣬ͼֽܿ컯ɢڿС
ϴԡ
ޱ櫼ϰԵ˫۽߹ڻͷʪͷȻֺճ˾һ, ˲ϴϢ
̫, ޱµλãϴۿɼƣ
ۡҡҡͷ
ˣ˯Ϣޱǿн۾ϡ
ѪҲҪϢ, ȱ˯һƣҹæ, ôܻ᲻ۡ
ס۾Ҳ, ֻ°벿¶Ĵκÿ΢̵
ǣûǡ
֮ǰÿ˯ǰǵġ
ޱʧЦ˴۾ϵȴûƿ
ͷһ¡
¿ˡԣ˯ɡ

ڵǰ, ȫģҹڼ, ͺܶѪϲҹһ, ޱ櫻ʱϢ
ϻ˯
æ˵, һ϶ޱ˯Ǻܺ
Ϊòܶһ, Եøճˡ
ӽһʼ, ޱ뿪һֻҪĬ, һС׼Ҫճӱ汧°ͷļ羱ֻǣ֡
ʵ鶯ʧصʱһ㶼̫˼ȥޱ櫡
ͨڵ۾ޱ櫣ȴԷǡ
ÿÿѩ׵һƵı飬۽޴ز
̲ס۸
ÿޱͣҪʱͨҲ˵ɫһƯ۾ȴдţĲҪ𣿡
ޱÿζᱻɰ̲סչȥ
Ǿһʱ䣬ۿɼԽԽˡԭһ¾ܽ£Ҫ׺öζԷʵ˯
Ҳһ
ڸ㹻֮СԹԲű۾

ҹ룬ķ䡣
ޱ۾
Ǹʩһ˯ħȻŽһöָָϡ
öָޱ֮ǰ׼õģúܾ֮ǰѧϰûƳġ
ָڱڿšԶˡ
ޱ룬Ҫ׵ĻϿɣǵİӦʽС
ָɴΡ
һӦ¡
ޱ˺ܶҪԼСһɵ£ͬʱЩ£ֻɱ¹˹ϰǲſԲصġ޹˼ɵȥȥమ
ڣҪȥϰˡ
ޱ۵һĨľһŮָ˵һܿģұ֤
˵仰֮ޱ־һ˵ʧڴħ

--
ޱ櫻ˣصĵط
ӺصĴŻ򿪡
¹˹ڸ߸ߵλϿĴһĨЦ⣬ ޱأӭؼҡ
ޱ櫴һԼָöһģһĽָĿᡣ
ֻת˲ţ̧ͷʱѾָ䡣
ޱޱ˽ȥ
֮ϰ¹˹һֳֻ°ͣǵȴʱ֮ټĹƺҲڶӰ
ڻˣޱء
¹˹ŵӭΪӵȫ֮ͲټǵǵĽˡ
Ѿ׼ɱЩ࣬ǵƤ
ǲԼһΪڣҵȻԼޱ΢΢һɱ㡣
¹˹˺ЦЦЦһ
ȻˣǾ԰ɡ
һŰɫħʯȨлΡ
һ紵ޱǰѾ˳
˳ǱİС
¹˹óħȣ˵ʼˡ
ޱ櫵ȭͷԾսһѾܾˡ
ɵһգѹֵ͸ޱȴҲоĿ־ܡ
ԼΪɽһİ¹˹ڿҲûôԷԽˣûʲô˲ģɱ

紵ɫĳޱѪɫ۾һĨ
ʼչܼĹٶȣħ񶷡ÿһɱ⡣
¹˹ޱϿ˺ܶԼʽӰӡ
̸ֽģЩɱ
֮⣬¹˹ע⵽ޱʹĺüĽЩ˵ʧĽеû˵
֮࣬۵׵Ҳż˺ܶࡣ
Щǽħɣû´ĻʧĽħ˭̸ģ򶷹У¹˹ʡ
ʵϴλµһ걻ղƿʼ¹˹Ѿʼز²⵽Сޱ뿪ƶ֮ǾʲôĳɳٶȾˣΪе
ԴһʼԼóħӭⳡսء
ޱûд¹˹ʻֻרȥѰ㡣
ӽ￪ʼޱϵɫûзɹֻаٷ֮߰ʮİȥɡ
ڵȥ
̽ޱЩء
ȻԼͰ¹˹֮Щ롣
ȥƽ˷޵ħ˰¹˹µħޱҧԼָ
ѪҺΪڰлһħ
漴Ũĺɫ޿ײϮ¹˹
¹˹ķӦκ֮˲Ƶǰޱ櫣ﲻ֪ʲôʱһذףƳɣϻ˿ɵظǶȽн
һ¹˹ϳһ˿ڣЩɫͻȿֺ˿ڡ
Ҳǽеһ
ޱʹһ֮ܵ˷ɣɫ쳣԰
ǰ¹˹ҲûкõĶȥһ˿ĵͷˣϱ˿ڿʼӿʺѪҺ
ʹħȥ˿ڡ
ȴЩԼԼɢźɫ֪˿ڸϲˣ˿𽥸ơ
ɫʵذһɵ˺Ч˾ȡ
ֵΪɱҲҪĴۡ¹˹ѵش̧ۿһǰɫ԰׵ŮƣޱأһĻҺ⡣
ֻһ
ޱ櫳ɫͫĮؿ
̶һʱ䣬¹˹մȾĺѾ𽥸ʴƤ⣬¶Ѫɭɭ׹ǡ
ͬʱ䣬ޱ櫿ʼħ
֪ĵĲܿɣħڰ¹˹¸ֵһ˲䣬ޱһֱ
ħֱĨɱѪ꣬ޱ櫰֮֮ǰСһ£ǻϻܶ԰¹˹Ĵ
ζţҲһܵ
ֻ֮Ҫʣ΢һͿװûκηİ¹˹Ƥ

ޱ櫴ħ֮׵ļ͸ƺڿü΢Сķҡ£Щվȡ
¹˹ѾЩûʽ
İѾȫǺʴõӣȫԭĿģ
ȴûһ˿ҡ
жϳޱڻħ֮ȫԼڵħͿˣ˲һ¶һЦݡ
СŮô̸ģʤѶһǰҪԼԼԶҪԼһŵơ
ͬʱޱܵԼһ¹˹Ϣ
ٶֲĹ¹˹ɱ
ޱĵ˲һ
û뵽¹˹ȻбԼ.ͬʱ֡
£Ѫķ.ܻͬʱ֣ǻ£һ֮»صһ
ˣеơ
¹˹ƾʲôûأ
߹ԼҲ͹˰¹˹

¹˹ȷʵٴĴΪޱͻĵߣҪħɱ޶ȰΪֻһСĿĺӣ֪ӲʲôвԼ
ӳ˻ûѧɱ
ħûʽޱ櫿ԷħȻٶ㿪¹˹Ĺжζ֮ǰЩŬ׷ѣûȥһħѡһ䡣
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߱¹˹
㿪ħ֮¹˹Ȼ
лĿܡ
һӵĽȨ֮£ޱѡڶע
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һжúܿ졣
Ԥеʹûеޱֻһص
ޱ櫵ͣתȥȴ˱Ӧû˯֪ʲô취˲ֹסǵ
ͬʱ䣬ħɹڿʼһǿҵİ׹⣬¹˹곹ܵ˻ԵĴݻ١
ħٿݽߣޱǿ˲ƶߡ
𶯣ҸơҵذסϲͣѪ˿ڣͣýʣµħʩչħ
ĺͫ˸΢غޱС㡭ƭӣ˵Ϊ᲻Լȴһðա
Լע
ǰպóһ⣬¸ϵԼ޷Ҫǻڻ˯УûмʱޱСԼһҰ¹˹ڻʲô
붪ңԼһˡе᲻á
Ϊ᲻еҲֻһ䡰ƭӡ
룬ޱСһʤԼΪԼȴûһޱС㡣
֮ǰϿݡλѶޱСϲڲŮʹĶ
ݿޱСƬûпޣ۵׵ʹȴôۡ
ǵԼʱжҡ
ʧһʬ⣬ʹһ붼ܡˣޱСߣߡޱСָպĴߣǻϲ
˴죬޷ŵĻߡ

ԣȲҪ˵ˡޱ櫵Щ
ճѪҺմ½ڵһŲѪ
ϡ
ˡ
ޱСˡ
ְ̧ᣬȴû˿ǰʶҲģ
ޱ櫲԰׵ָҲţɫħâѾ΢ؼɫ
ԲԲ𡭡
ޱ櫵һ̲иܵԼζʲô޷ԭԼСȥ޷ܡû硣
Ѫֹסˡ
Żһħ󣬿յħȴŴʧܡ
ŻԹȥޱ櫵һĳŽ꣬޷Լʲôصȴš
ʱһĽŲ𽥱ƽ
ǻ¡
ޱ櫽ɫ԰ף۴䱸ؿŶԷ
һʱ䲻µĿɫЩ㲣ſڣޱأҲ˺㡣
ޱȴź⣺Ϸô
¿Цһٽʲôֻڰлһͼܿһħޱ櫺µĿյϸ֡
뿪˵
ǼǰǴһСŮ뿪ʱɺۿ
ֻǻ֪ѾޱأۿΪ졣Ҳܵõԭ£ֻܼҪΪһ¡

ħ󱻴͵˰ȫڵƬɭ֡
ޱ櫺ҶĿյϣһ򰮸ɾޱմѪҶϾ˼ԼǱֻǱ첽ȫڵλá
;ƺˣʶЩѣֻԼԼƺһ󼱴ٵĺ
ѵſʣޱСȥĶ
ǻؼҡ
ͷϵش
áǻؼҡ
ޱСļҡ


66 
Ϧµõׯ԰, ޱ櫴һĲñõ彽ˮǳɫĳȹ, Ϧ´ߴЦͻﻨԼŮ
վһð˺ܶƬȻÿŶÿľᵱѡһǽϡ
¥Ա߿հ׵ǽϣһЩֲڼܰСװ⻹һƬǽ
ѩɳĮ, ⡭
, ȥ˺ܶط
ЩƬⲻԾůƬǽϵƬģʱѧӰ, ǰϲյϲޱһȥιĵطл䶼¼
Щıء
ǽȥһ˱ôȥ⡣ޱ櫲֪ʲôʱ, ŸȥƬ, ĵĲõУϦĲ³ȺɫӡǣůɫķΧǸůˡ
Ǻů޵ɫʴһġ
ޱ̲סЩ棬Ҳ
ãʲôʱȥǣ, һǽϵƬ, һѩƬ, ޱ櫴ŻѩװƽⲻǺܺõޱС, ڱѩײĻ, Ȼһѩ, ƽһޱ޼ʵ졣
Ǻȷʵܾûȥѩˡ
ͽ졣ޱգ۾
ȥĻ;ңԶҪͰȸ𣿡תͷ, ѯʡ
Ȼڻħ˵ܶԶľֻҪһħܴ͵֮˵;ңԶΪޱδΪʡʱħ͡
ʱƵϹŶ𳵣ʱﳵͽ˾ڿյżҲСׯϵ˼ңܵزͬķ顣
ܵĲĿĵأ;еĿ֡
ΪѪ޾ǲҪʡʱ䡣෴󲿷ѪҪյȥѰĳЩʽȥĥʱ䡣
¹˹֮ڻµİ£ޱ櫴Ѫص˰ȫ
˺صˣ˽ʱѹ
ʵڻԵǰʱܶʱʶģܸܵޱСÿĴ˵峿ڷĻƿװһʵõζԼÿһʫ
ƴҪ۾Ѳ
ޱ櫻ڼ±дÿ뵽Ҫһȥ£Լļƻ
Щõ
ʹԼԵÿһ졣
Ϊÿ˯һ죬ޱСദһ졣ʹ޾ǾЩ˷ѵʱϧ
ѹ֮ҲûзֿʱÿὫһʱáʱ䡱͡ĥִʻϵ
ֻϧÿ죬ڴδÿһ졣
ĵϵޱ櫵Զ

ȻҪȥҰȸȥĻͲ֪ʲôʱˣ˵һĻ϶ģﶼ岻õ֡ޱÿιģ̲סЦ¡
˼֮󣬿ޱЦˣҲ̲סһ´ǡ
ɪս첻ڰȵĲɣޱʳһҪ⡣
ǰ绰һ°ȡһ´
ޱСͿɪղͣƺȫ֪£ڷԼڼ䷢ʲô˵ޱСͿɪմһܡ
ѹ֪ºҲѯʹÿޱ櫶ֻ˵ֻдһ¡
ɪҲ˵ʲô
˴˵ҲԼͬشͬһϡ
֡
񶼲еԵɡ
ɪҲڵһαװӪưɣżĵʱһЩʵԸ
ȳɹУҵ֮͹ҵһҲүүǳʦϰԼƷʦԭɪմ򹤵ĵҲȥ˷Ա
Ϊȵħʦɪżȥʹһġ
ޱ櫲ȥҰȵʱɪײϡ
м棬ۺ졣
ȻɪѾϷˣ֮ǰ»
ֻǱϾУܣ˴˶Ρ
ޱܿϵĲ⣬ǾԲ˵ԼΪʲôͿɪմµġ
Ҫ˵ĻһѪձǿߵĴͳϰף
һֳߵͣԸķ䡣
ҲӦɪյıԼ
ɪղ֪Լϲ
--
λŦֵһҲ۵ĲΪƷóԱʳ̽격ϣܶǻȡ
ҲֻϲŻῪӪҵÿֻʮݲ͵㡣
Աø⣬곤ְʦһλʦһλԱ֮ҲûбĹԱˡ
ܶ˲²Ӧĳλеĸû¸ɳģҪҵĲ͵㣬ҪǰԤԼ

ڰ̨ƷŮ˴ż򵥣ػɫͷɫ۾˾ޣʮͷӣ͸¶һδʡ
еĿΪǲ¡ĸŮԸض۸ּɫ⣬ʹչ˵һЩɾĻ
ǿ֪λòĿ˱һȭ߹ǡ
Žűޱؿһ˵档
ʱȴ˵ǸƵĿϣһ顣ǶԲûʲôӰ죬һЩ˴Ʒ⣬෴ԤԼŮ˷ɱˡ

һ߽
ɫװɫͷ࿡ޱ߿۾šǸڷˣվĿ˵ĲĿ
ȻһòʶɫŮ
̧ͷ֮۾һʱͣеĶ֡
ħʱαװòޱԼСļ߹
㣬ҲÿȺĵС̾Ȼһ㶼һˣղŻһ۾ϳġ
ޱ櫳ЦһСѣǵҪƺΪ
ȱЦõģλԤԼ𣿡
ޱ櫹ȵüѵõĵҲҪԤԼ𣿡
Ȼˣ֪һ㶼ϲŮˣ㻹һ𵽵㡭Դţȥ棬һûˡȵί͸ЩʵУĶʼɽ档
Ҳȥ
ô֪Ȥˡ
ˣ϶ôһݡ
ڷµĶе졣
֪ΪʲôޱСͰôȻؽֽɫݣĪ߳ܣ˵ıĸܡǵޱС˵ӣᵽšɩִʵʱ򡭡
ޱ櫺ԭֻͰ˵仰ߣȴû뵽һλ벻ˡ
ٴʱ򣬴߽һ䳤Ůˣ췢ظ߸ƫɰϴһɱĮĸоìܡ
ݡ
ޱ櫵Ŀ˶٣һۣûѡ뿪ڵĿλ
ԱߵĵҲӦܿ죬Ų˵ǰȥдǣǶԴһͨĿˡ
Уҵ֮ݽ˾ս֣ͬҵٮٮߣսսڣҲһҽͽʣһعܾڲ֮ΪǱĿֲˡ
Ǹմִ֮
Ͱһֱźеϵÿγ֮ǰͻȵĲһ档
ݣзһƷϲѿζ
ȼҲܿģ¶һĨõЦ
峺ݻǰѧУЦͷ
á
λ£ȾȥƷˡǵͣܶεĿ˶ʱҲ֪Ů곤ĺѡÿһŮ׼Ҫȸ˵Ķ
ƫǲɵġ
ΪСڰȷдţĿ֮˵ĶҪ
˵ɶĸŮģƫƫǱ޷ζ
ûа취ֻܵš
ĿĿǰֻôһλһһǲǵġ˾͸ʲôԹˡ

зܿˣһ֮󣬶϶ԷڴĴ۾Цһ¡
϶صͷóԡ
ٺ٣ȵβҪĵˣߴٵڣٸһݡ
˭뵽ǰ΢¯ȸܸըİȣȻôһλɫʦ
Ƕɳˡ
Ҳˣֺû䡣
ݿϺǰһĵЦݣӲ̲סᡣ
;ݻע⵽ԶһڵŮ
ô𣿡
ݺķ򿴣Īе顣
ҡҡͷûʲôֻǾǶԷͦġ
˳߿ȥװĽڸԷţš
̲סĥĥԼСٸͣͦġ
ĵȴڰռҽĻ쵰
ȶ࿴һ붼ؿۣϽջߣͻȻ뵽ݵºûнԴӺǰѲ֮ݾû̸ˣļÿɶѾλˡ
ǰ̲סʵ㻹뽻𣿡
̫æˣӵֶ˶١
æɱѪǰ˺ȣԷ˵Ҫˣĸеĸҿ
ͷоݲϲ⡣ѪҲϲҰ£Լֻϸպ뵽ˣʵġ
Լؿ˵ûϵݡҲϲˣԾһӲҲûʲôģһֱ㡣
̧ۿ̲סЦˣȴ΢
Լˣһӵĺѡ
صͷӦá
ޱ櫺˰سԷ˭û˵ȵԵʱޱս˹
Ѹ߹ԸȻһ˲
ȿһ뿪ĵ̲סһԹղŽ˵Ҫȥ⣬һȥ֪ʲôʱܻ϶Ҫóʱ俴ˡ
ͬʱûע⵽ԱߵҲ̧ͷһޱ뿪ıӰ

һˣÿ϶һ
ǸղǶ»򸾣ǵġɩӣԼ˷͸п˵һСףǲҵ󼪡
Լǰαװϡ
ȣ
ɵӣǿҵѾ˺üˣ
ϵ΢ЦҲЩǣǿղ棬ޱСһ˵ǡ
Ĳడ
˭ʲôأʵڵġ
ܶ˴֮󣬷澹ȻǼֵƵĳݳƷƷƵ鱦¶˾ϲı顣
Զٷ鱦Ѫ׬
ˣǾͷ׷׸лΪõİȣͣףɩúϡҸ
ȣˡ
Ҳյ鱦ҲʲôݳƷһſŷɫСʯͷÿǱЩʵıʯ˵ȴԵöЩˡ
СĺˣЩﶼġһԼ˵ʯͷεʱԶڼӢ֮亣ģ˵Դ˺Ϳġ
׼õĻһ˵֮ԼҲˡ
ղ棬ޱСΪʯͷ鱦˼ʮ鱦
ȣллɩɩҺϲҲȵл
ȣ
ҵأ
ݽȡ̾ʹ˲ϣܵǹůϸĴУͷЦһ¡
ǹúܺãҲͲˡ
-
Ǳÿʢıѩڣǻۼ㳡һģĴѩԼѩ˱
ޱ櫴׶һѩˣԲԴԲӣ̬䡣
ĵ˵ͷȻһƬ
תͷһ¶¶˿ޱϲħŮɫ
ⲻѩˣѩ񡭡
ޱ櫶ԱһԼѩ˺ѳƷسĬ˼롣
µѩˣѩ͵ʱԱߺö˾ע⵽ԺΧԲѩ˴һƷеϵģ¶¶˿ȹӵ̵ϸ΢ٲȻְ졣
Χö˾̾ѵؿʼͳֻա
ΧԽԽ࣬ޱ櫺ԼΧȺм䡣
ޱЩΣעĿ׻޹գۿ
ʱһĲߴǳˣһѵдӰΧȦ̵ߵǰһֻֻһֲֻ˼ͷ΢΢
ãҲϲ¶¶˿ǿԼӸϵʽ𣿡
ΧˣԹ۵·Ҳʼؽ´
ȥҪòܾ
ԱߵޱȴһѽסԼĻ¶һò΢Ц
ΧΧۡ
ޱ櫻Ȼǣָָ֣ԼָɶԵĽָ
my wife
[end]


67 1
ڲμޱ櫵֮, ͳ뿪ʥŵУҲûлȥ
ʵ֮ǰǴγɹҳߵľ׵ĵӰ, Ϸ·߾һͷǸòͷǡݲףǺ.ֵBOSS
һڽֱ˵Ľһµʱ̳˰п죬Լİժִϡ
, ϰ֮, ˵Ѫӡ
ȴ㡣
ǰǼ﹫ϵŮȾһЩ۵ͷɫһЩķװ
ǶССֵ, ·Ӳߵ˵ס
ĸϣｫʹ, ǰѾжְؼ, Ҳ߻¡
ǰ׺ܰŮ֪ԼĹԼȨڴˣԺöණҲԭִҲΰ, ֮ں֪ڸʲô, ȴʲô˵, Ƿİá
֮ĵλߵһ
׳ǸؼܿĽɫ

ʱܸ, ǼһֱԸȥ
ʥŵ̫Ϥ, Ϥʱ򿴵ϤĽ̲ס롣
ޱ櫻
ȷʵǸ׵Ů, Ժһϲʹ̼֮ܿϰں.ֵ, ͷѵ£ʼѧϰɱ˼ɣѧϰԦ
ڶصһϵв֮£BOSSλá
ʵݲϲͷ̸׶ص
ˣֻ뷢
ݲȥͷʲôѧϰ̳ʦ̸һС
ȥˣͷڹ۲ȷʵܳΪһϸ쵼֮ȥˣʼ֯ñ˸ѪȺͱֶεõȺŷ
ôƽŮҪΪλߣֻҪ˱ֳɱܵõϿɡ
ͳһ֮֯BOSSӣͻص˿⴦ʱѩǵĵطΪ˵ؾֵһٵΰ١
û¾ȥ׷׷ưάάΰ
һжܺãɵ˾һֱڿСЬΪܾ˵ˡ
Ǳ˹ְͣҪۻЩݶܺƽȫ̽ܡ
Ϊƽ
ȻܽܺͲǺòֵϢգȴʱ䶼ûУǱɵ˾ԸָĽڱȥһЩΧ֮ڵĹʱ
͸һǹ˾ͷԴˡ
Ϣգݰֻػ֮Ҳûд򿪹Ȼһȥ˱ԭ㡣
֮˭Ҳ

--
ǵ۹˵ĳУҲĵطһļǶ졣
һ̵ıϣӿ¿ֻܿһɫС㡣
ʻ΢ͺĵ˹׼ʾϲ׽һĨӰŴȷϲԼĻ룬ڱԭϷһӰ
ںݺһͬʱ˹Ȼһӯĳ嶯
ҵBOSSˣ
Ů˴źصĺɫ޷ªͰѾװ˴Ͱ㡣
ķıǼѾ˺ܾˡ
˹Ӽʻ̵߳ߵߣȫҳ
һֱȿǸͰװ㣬ŮͿʼߵʱ
̲סСʳBOSSʲôʱ֯
ٵȵȰɣЩҪ췴λĲǶѾƽһȥҲûʲô˼ĵĻء
˹
BOSSĲ˰ɣ
˹ᣬǱƽûǣ.ֵ֯ʼƵ˶Ȼǵĵǽǡǽ꣬BOSSֵ֯ʱԽԽ٣ЩѾʼСˡ
ȺǰBOSSҪݵʱĻ̥ôܻһŮλֻǱBOSSŰꡣб֯ǽǣܶ˾Ϳʼ⶯ˡ
ݽ㶼رȥѿͰӸ˵˹
ڱ϶˶û֪Ľš
ߡ
ȥȥĶ˹Ͱһ±ơ
ȥǱ֯ǽ𣿡Цһ£Щ⣬ǾͰѱ֯ˡ
˹
лˣ
--
æźͱ֯ƴ
ڳɹ˵˼ǽǵ֮֯õ˺ܺõĽ
Ҳûб֯ˣҲû˭ˡ
Ϊ˭ԶЧ֯BOSSԣݾͻһǵͷ
ƣǳʵػصԢݳȥϴһ֮ڴϱ۾ܿ;ͽС
æµƣĸоܺá
Ͳ˼ˡ
Ǹ˯ȥ֮ûȥãݵ徲ֱ绰ˡ
ֵֻͣ죬ǿҪֻӳĳ嶯´
ֻĻʾǰʱ۵׵ķɢ˲١ڻָ侲֮ȿһ¾ԼӣŰƵ绰Ľͨ
ݣ
ֻＸװŮһ
˹ɯôһ𣿡ЩˣˣûĻƵıѩ
Ķûǿΰ٣һϲ˷ܡ
ݣ
Ǻôһϲڵǣھʮǧǡ
Һ֮ǰֻǸ˵Լڿΰ٣û˵ĵַҪһֲˡ
ǳǳһ֮ʣѾƵַһ£ȥǡ

--
űƿһ˲䣬˿־庿ŴӴ
ſڼȫװĸߴ˻´ԼңǹͬʱԼϡ
ĵժ°ףΪҹǷҲûúϢüۼƣ
Ϊһ̣ڡ
žӸ¿žͿҪ˵ˡ
˹λ֮ǰԼ˾ݶֺϿ޵һѱһѣѸٹ˴²ͣġ
ݣϣŮʿҴˣ֮ǰ۵ܱǸԭҡ
һģ
˹ȫԤϵһֱѹߵŮˣʧ˼֮ٶȻ仹ķʽĿֻһǾ
һע⵽Ⱥҵϴİס
ĿǺ.ֵ
ΪʲôһĴڰ
˹Ϊʲô̶̼¾ͻ˺.ֵһ뵽Լ֮ǰЩ£ֻǰһƬڡ
ֳǸʲôݹؿѸٻԼǰҿ޵úܶĵˣ۵һĨӶ񣬼ģһĨƵ΢Ц
ţֻæѡ
˹
˰µ

֮˹ֳȻǳѡ˰ݡ
ڶ죬뿴ݹɯ˹֣ܵ˹ֳߵ
Щȡ
ȫû뵽λ࿴Щ˵˹ֳȻǸĳúõдǣǰͣؿھıжöãصľݵмѵĻ
˹ֳΪЦݶķ⣬˹ҲŬ΢ЦĵĬĬΡ
ҲòȡˣֻΪλ˹ֳһͻɶԷǸ˵ġ
ҶԷݵֱ˾
ֵ¹Ժٲ˻Ҫ˼շء
ôţ˹Ͷ˹ֳõ̬ȣǻ͸һ׼õ
˹ֳؽӹ⿴һݵɫ֮ϵЦݸСˡ
лл̫ˡ
ϸĵɯע⵽λ˹ֳıЩԾ
죬ůҲرȣ˵ĶͷȻһ㱡ĺٿݵʱƺ˿־塭
˹ֳżŮιһ¾֣һ·϶س䵱򵼽ܣݵǰͬǿΪ𾪡

⻹ǵľֳ
˹ˣļڶĴ¥ͬʱþѻǹ㣬оһԣ

˾֮ǰ濪İЩпض˵ʥŵľٱǿ׼Ҫͷϣ̬Ȳsh*tһֳо˻ͦģһСΰٵѶô飬ȷʵ˳ÿ˵㣬˵㻹˰ݡ
ûпݹǿԾֳſأ˹Ц˵
Ҳ΢ЦǵģǾֵľֳȷʵǸѵһĺˡﲻΰʲôҲܺá
ΰҲһݹͰΰ١ЦŴȤ
ɯû˵ʲôֻζؿһݡ
˵˵֮䣬ѾԤԼõĸ߼
֮󣬼Ůݳտָ裬ǻ֮ǰÿξۻ˺գԸļƵ
ĺõƵȺ档»ֻöǵȺģʶ֮ǰޱҲǸȺġ
ƬǸǰûٷϢȺ֮˶ɫЩ̫
ޱ뿪֮ǶԼͬرܿЩ⣬ݵĳϣǲĬ
ҪԼһƵĳ嶯
ޱһֱǼ̸֮ܶĽɣҽ컹ݵգһĵӡôôʶ֮ǰľȺأ
Բݡ
սֻĵЩյصǸ
̧һ¶ϵĹǶЦһ£ûʲôޱѾ뿪ˣʵѾܽһˡ
ɳˣһ־˵ٶȡ
ɯղüҲչˣ˵Ҳޱһ쵰ɡ
ʱҹ֮Ҳ̹Ȼ̸ޱ櫵֡

Ҳ̹Ȼ˵
ΪԼ޴Ϊϵı黹ЩȻ
ݾ˵ԼĽա
ԼʵĽǺ͵ж֯ÿƴɱˡȻЩǲ˵ġ
˵һԼڿΰٵڼһЩϵȤ¡
ǳĳУ̶ĹȦÿЩץİԾûʲôȤ¿ˣݿеĹǵע
˶רעݽȤЦĵطЦһš
ղԾɻ
ɯֿһۡ
ݵʲ̫һˣΪΰְҵԵʰɡ
Ůʼһ߳Էһġ
޳ǰһɰСŮ
˹ҲˣɷܽҲӢšûԸԳعѣ෴˹ջһҸĻɷܺãư˳
ɯعӣͣػѡҳ˴ǰճ⣬һ¸ɡǾǽƿ˹عĺ£ԲǺù
ʹѧУѧˣ϶Ǿûˡ峹װ֮һ˼Ҫ޸ǮˣɯǲԸԳôҸһжǷޱ櫵ġŮ˵֣ɫѿ
˹ط޵Ժչǰ綼ôˣҲܡ˹Щ˵
ޱҲҪİСŮֲˣ治֪ôġдЩ
˹ع;Ҳ군ˣҲ·ڱһƹҲҲܹ֮һ˺ڽͷ
Ӧáɯ
ȻƫĵҲ֪۰ޱ櫵˹طˣްѺӵɹõ˹عΪޱüֵͶޱкɫȫغСŮɿСޱ櫵ס
˹طˣΪޱôɯʹĵٺҲûж

˺ܶණ˺ܶޱ櫣Ҳ˺ܶơ
ɢʱ򣬺ȾƵļ϶Щ΢ݺֺֿ˵ޱ㡱
Ҳ˺ܶƣãһû⣬ֻǷŰߣԼϷƷ衣
ɯͬ˵˹ûкȾƣΪȥʱһҪ
߳ʱ紵ݰﰬһϵ޷
ɯϳ֮һϵȫһ˵ģȥ
ãȥ־ͺáݿһۼʻλϣʣǲ漸𣿡
ˣǹգӦûҪϰɡҰĺӻڼңϹչˡ
㶣ʱܵʱŵĸоǿˡȥˣ˹Լļͥаĸס

뾯ֲԶܿͿ˵ط
³ɯ׼ݸ֮
ԥһ¡
ֵݹȥһֻ
ǰģ˵֮ǰľֻ֮ǰϣ
ݿǲϤֻЩ㱵ؽ˹
ݡɯųĬ룬żʲôʱ㸸װɡǶӦѧͽ⣬ޱ櫿϶ϣ
紵ݻָǳɫĶ̷ڵסߵͷҵ
ش𣺡ţ֪ˡ
-
̵·ϣڷʻλñĿ
һĽëֲ׻ǲֻĿ
һֱжڸֻ磬ѡԼȥˣⲿֻһҲûоɣܹʹá
ʱΪ̫ʹ࣬ƴҪնϺޱйصһУ뿪ʥŵ֮󣬻ǰ罻˺ź͵绰롣
ֻ֮֮ǰÿͨѶ
ûд򿪹ⲿֻԸһȥʱкܶµδϢ
ݴһɫͷޱ櫵¼Ҳرš
ЩĶԻ
ݸоԼЩ
׻ǿס
ûж࿴ֻǴҴۣݾ˳˺ޱ櫵ĻỰΪľص㿪ÿһСıʶϢ
Щǿ֢δϢСܡ
һ·ϴͨѶ罻ڵ䡣
˽䣬֪˺٣ϢҲ١
ֻȼδʼ
һԡޱ櫣
ݵֶһ£ͣסˣŵؿǷʼڣޱ뿪Ľ죬յ췢ʼ
ǿѣκͼ㿪ǷʼһƵ
˹ûж
ʻλϵĵ˹
ڲձڴӦС˹ش̲סԱһۣôоBOSSЩ̫Ծ
϶֮ݰǸƵĲż
ˣݣף20տ֡
Ƶĵһ仰ʱۿ̲סˡ
Ƶޱ櫴УѵӦԼңʱϣžͷ΢Ц
ݣ㿴ʼʱҲһӦںԶĵطɡ֮Ҫǰ¼ƵΪҸյ֪һҪ¡ҲΪҲ֪ô˵á
ôʻЩǣݣϲ
ôһɣܱǸûв⡣ҲܱǸҽҪ˵һЩܾĻ
ݣҾܾ㣬ΪŮԣҲΪ㲻á
ܺãҺϲ㣬ȷԼϲûг֮ķΧ
ǵСʱԼҪԶѣеҶûʲôεģҲԲΪҾܾ˾ҵŶ
ݣ죬֮յһаɣȥʿ³СݣʶµˡӭոµһС

ݣϣҸ
Եʲô֪
ȴȷؾܾһôķʽ
˹Ѿ˺üԱˣݽֻҲЩԾЩĵʵBOSS㡭𣿡
ͷϣֱԼ۾ϣԴЩɳơ
û¡
˹ԥһǵ˵BOSSףտ֡
лл
ݣտ֡
26һϲ˵ľܾ
ܾˣҲ̲סûϢˣΪʲôȴһִδйɸأ
δü˵ڵϲԷ֪˰ɣ
źڵõֲİ޼ա
Ԥ˵졣
Ǿȥѻ԰ĻĲȥһЩϲķ廨ɡ


68 2
ѹ֮, ֱڴ˯ԼȻһƬİĻĽҰ롣
Χȫûľɫ
ڵһʱܵԼڵħԪ֮԰һЩ
򴽣۵һĨءʶǰ, ۲Ļ
Ũ֣ʱʱĳᴫһ֪ĹУïҶ䣬ƺʲôɭĺҹ¹۲Ŵ̵
ҹӵҹг, Ťͷ˹ȥ, һ˫۾ӡ
еľĽһֱֱɨһ۸ˡ
ΪﱾܻܿΣգղǰܵһɿµϢ
ǰ, Ŀġ
Ҳ֪˶á
ͻȻ, Ȼͣ˽Ų
ȷʲô֮, Ѹ˲ƶӰʧԭء
ޱСϢ
ľԺͻĲ֮ŵѪҺζڲĻĲݼ俴һȦһŵСŮ
ɫĳգ¶Ƥ԰׵ļ͸һϢ
ʹֻǲֻһ, ͼ϶ض϶ޱС㡭δ档
ͫ׵
֪ô֮ǰ
ַӵ˼ͬʱ, Ҳһ˲䡣
ΪޱС˵úء
ƽһ, Ͻϵ, ԵСŮСذ, Ȼһȴ쳣Ĵһ, ر˻С

-
ޱѹԼһİŮ˵ļһźĺڷ, ƯŮˣͬѪϢ
ǳɫĽë΢ƣ۲Ůˡ
֪ΪʲôޱؾöԷһ˵ϤУȷԼʶԷ
ˡ
ʱⷢ˴΢СĶѸٶڴߣʶعĵ˿ڻѾˣ
ЩۣһֱħСƣԼѪȥι
ޱСôС;Ѿ̡
ʹڻҲǳ䱸ŴϺѪ
ޱؿǰŮľ˵ĺͫԼЩĪģģǾϲ͵ǵ
ס۵׵ĸӡ
̧ͷѾ޺ģ
𣿡
ӵĿǰŮˣлл㣬Ůʿ
Ůֻаƴپ£΢΢һӤʣüëͷɫһ£ǳİɫͳԺޱСתŹƻ˵ЦⲻһǸӵüĿǲֻʺ޴롣
סҪ̧ͷĳ嶯ʹĵѾһͿ
֪ڵޱС㲢ʶ
һμĵصѯʣҽԸ𣿡
ޱءŮش
õģޱأڵƺأҪһЩʱԸĻ밲˰ɡһչ㣬㵣ĵ˾Բҵһ£ƺǻᵣ˵Ը⣬Ƕһ䣺ڶ󣿡
ʮꡣ
ǰŮƺ֪һЩ¡Լʲôû˵Ŀȴ֪Լĵ˭
ζŮǹ֪ĵǰ¹˹¡
Ϊʲô
ʲôĿģ
ޱĵײ˵ĻΪԵ޹ʵ⣬νѪ
ȷʵƹأ뿪֮һᱻ¹˹ҵ
ղŮ˶õħǸ߼ħ֤ŮǸǿߣʱӻİȫ
ܶԷǳʲôĿľĿǰõѡʱ
ļ䣬ޱѾܵȨһС
һ޺αװһϸ۲ǰŮ˵ÿһ仰ͱ֣ȡԷܶͼϢ
ʮ꣬㻹Ǹ̡Ѫ̵ȺҲܷһ˵뿪׷ɱΣաԺܱǸޱأʹ㲻Ըչ㣬ƺ֮ǰҲ뿪ġ
Ȼ֪ڵޱֻʮ֮꣬ôʣֻǸԼһòɰˡ
ûбˣҲ޴ȥĺܸлŮʿİԸҽʱҲҪ鷳ˡŮֱ壬档
С̰ޱһԼԻģЩɰ
ָһ±Ǽ⣬ѹ۵׵Ц⣬ͬһصͷ
ȻվߵԱߣĻһ˿ڣľʱһѪҺ
ǵ˿ϡ
֮ŵݵޱصǰ
죬ҪʳʱҵѪ𣿡
Ů˵ͷӹǸӡ
Ҫȳȥһˣ̫ɽ֮ǰҪ£˽磬˲Ϣ֮󣬿Ůɫƺ԰ˣҲƣûסĳ
֮ͺúϢɣû˭㡣
ǰŮ˲ֱܶˣЩ䣬ܻ͸¶һ˵ᡣ
ޱص۾ٶȵ˵ͷ
֮뿪ݡ
ݻĵһҹħġֻһЩԭȡľͷļҾߣǴ֮ĶҪȥĻҪһЩٵıƷ
Ҫȥһм

ǸŮ˵ϢѾʧˡ
ޱؿеıӣ򵥵ľͷɣǸŮȴ治鷳صǾޱӿһƷ
Ů˾ȻԼѪι
ޱɫӵؿűеѪҺ
ϷҲûбҪ̶ֳȡ
ֵŮˡ
--
̫ɽ֮ǰ׼ʱصݡ
ܶණ·һЩƷ
кüȹ
ޱɨһ۾ܿǸģҾʽͷ񶼺ϴ·ơ
Ů˴ΪϲãԶǰƵķġ
֮󣬺ܿ첼һ·䡣
һʰ֮ªľݿһЩܰͼҵϢ
һȦΧһĨ⡣
߹һޱظ˿ڻָô
Ů̫ˣССĶһƬͿۡ
üûѧϰħҩˡ
ħɵ˿ڣħҲֻһָÿ춼ޱƣʼЩ˿Ѿöˡ
Ǿúܰۡ
ɫħӳŮӡ
ޱС˵ûϵʣµĻѾϰˡ
㻹ǻۡͷҲû̧ȴ˵ɫŨܵü΢΢š
Ѫ嶼ܵʹޱС㻹Ṇ̀ȴ˵ϰˡ
еۣǼº͵ħԪذһ
ޱҲ۽ޣ

ݵĿռޣֻһŴ
ޱػԵǼһֱϢ
ޱ֮ͺһƽŴϢ
ޱ˯һֱʵ
һֱԼԭ˯λϡ
ʱѾϢ㹻ʱ䣬Ͼûʲô˯ˡ

Ȼ˯಻ôʵ
ˣܿ˯˹ȥ
˰ҹʱʶ۰ʶĽ˻С
ȻԼԼܸܵ˵Ͳ̫ԾǹϤޱСϢƭ˵ġ

ȻһůĻޱؼ˲ۡ
̫ˡ
ûиô׽
ë¡
ڰޱѪɫ۾ͷϸһ˯ȥŮ˵ӡ
ֵŮˡ


69 3
һµʱܿȥ, ڴѪǿĹϵޱϵѾõòˡ
ڴͬʱҲѾźǵ
ÿҹƬͻִѪ, Ƕǰ¹˹£е̺ʽѰޱټ˼
ԻһѪ¹˹ĻȷҲ
Ϊ˰ȫ;һȥѼʯ
ħʯܹ֮ѪϢ, ⻹֮ޱСһżȻ¼зֵġ
֮ǰڷƶǴ, ڵ³˰ʱ䣬ޱģͽѧϰ
ʯںɫˮ̬
Ƴ˷ճƷ״

ڲѪϢ, ǰ¹˹Ҳ, ǧ򲻿ժޱؿյ, 
ûޱǰԼ֪£ҲûнԼǴԺġ
ֻж֤Լûж⣬ԼҪ
Ҳ֪ޱһֱŽģݽʼѾ֪С˺ܶࡣ
ҪȥαװͨܹЧر¹˹ҵǡ
֮, Ϳʼޱ櫸ıò
ޱ˵ô仯, ûʲôرҪʱ, ʶ˽۵Ĵ, ҲƫޱСαװ
ɴȻĽ, ѩ׵Ƥ, µ٣ٲȻޱСһС档
ĺÿɰ
סıȵ, ͬʱĵ̲סһĨ㡣
ÿ𣿡
ޱɫĴ۾ʣ֪Լʲôӡ
ǳƯ
Ȼǰüۼ⣬ܿɰ
ƺЩζ
Ůͨڵӿһˣ˭
ޱʵ֮ǰͻΪû˭ڵһμʱһİ¶ӵ

ں
ûʲô֪Ϊʲôһ㡣
ޱҲŶžǳǳЦһ£ȴԾսˡ
е㲻ϲ

--
ޱڳ򶨾֮ͨĹ
һݹһһꡣ
ÿ춨ȥϰ°ࡣ
Ǹˣÿ°֮һЩûȥĻؼҡ
ÿȥһ֧õ塣
°ؼңھӿ֮󶼺ѺõشкǶ֪һĹѸһƯǸƵŮ
ؼҵʱλɨһۣȻһ͵͵⿴СԴѸٴ˻ȥ
̲סЩʧЦ
֪ޱڵȴؼˡ
򣬿Ҹʲô
ȡ֣С
ÿôԼޱܾôЩǵعˡ
ѾˣûҪ뿪ĻҲûƵĻǾͺȻؼһ
ޱشӴѸٶԼķ䣬վھǰԼ΢΢ǺǱֶ̲סֳİա

һֽˣĺƺЦ⣺ʲô
ޱضǸҲСӿһҡҡͷ
ǰӷ˵ϣԴ򿪿ɣϲġ
һֻСè
ޱٴ֮󣬷һֻɫСèֻСèֹɵһ˫ɫ۾ϸһ¡
򴽣ûȥСèվһ
Ҳϲè
ϲǲϲ
Ĭ룬ֽСè˻Ǹ֮ǰǿھӼҵèΪϲˡ
ޱشͷ˵ֻ¹˹ƤɱСè
èˡ
Ϊ
СèѾǾһԱҲ㲻ϲèɡ
ޱͷ̲ס롣
أ
ҲһԱ
֪ʲôʱ߳˷䡣
ޱϣ˫ϥ䣬ڽһš
ûж⡣
ܺãǳãõʵ
ΪһݺøǶģǶһųɽģͲĳѾͷġ
Կ϶ҲΪǸƻϲèɣ
ͻȻðôһ뷨
ޱкȻ̲סһ޴ί
Ųϲè
ϲ͸ԼСè

˵Ųϲʵϣޱػ̲סȥעֻСèһһ
ÿСèһ̲סĿ
ֻСèԸЩã͵һĹһ㶼һǳϲڷﵽܣϲȥ˵ȡ
ڵʱޱؾͳǸСèĶ
һҲϲֻè
ֻżȻӿﾭˣֻèԼҪģǷʤ
ޱһվڿ
ֻƶ˵СèҽУԼСҧĽϵƤһ˫޹ɫ۾档
ޱشӸµؿһ
˵ɫǷ˵èˣǿһ

һصҾͿһһèڿ̺Ϲһšòֺĳ

ޱŵĶתͷ
Ƕӡ
Ĭ˼롣
һ룬СŮ˷ɫ
ޱؾԼںݺݴԼ֮ǰֵöСèȤ
ԽԽ졣
ޱؾԼ϶ҪȡЦˡ
ûС
ûȡЦȻƽ˵׺ܿɰɣԼϲģһҪദ
һ
ǲǿɣԼҲǲᱻļͥԱأ
ޱ̧ͷһ̲ס͵͵ô

ޱмҸһʱ䡣
յ˰¹˹Ŀơ
һŮˡ
һ
˵ǰƺŮΪ衱
Ů˶ܺãĵײԼ衣ûģǲ롣ȻŮ˶ܺã΢ػĸײ֪жٱ
Ǹϲ֡


ʱҴת
תۣޱسˣƺԼΪʲôὫ裬Ǹϲ֡
Ϊϲ
ջۣϲԽԽʱıԵ
ڣĳһ죬ޱؽˡ
ǰɫ糺Ůˣ
ͷָԭɫҲԼġſϻչȥŮ˱ڻ
ģȥӵ

κпǰƺޱС
ֻص
ĺͫдãʣޱС㣿
˲䣬ԭԵõζޱضһ
˵˭𽥱
ޱС㣬ҵޱС㡣ֱ۱ס϶ػش
ޱصƺʲôˣԳһЦȻݺݽѹڻǡ
ޱС㲻³
ƺһЩͷˣȴν޷ٵĴϢ϶һ򣬲
ޱض΢٣ƴŭѹ֣̲ЦһҲԣޱСͿ𣿰ҵôȡϢְɣ
ޱ
Ŵ۾ͣ
Լĺӣһ˵ǿҵı¸СʹʵޱС㡣
̶һʱ䣬ޱѾ⿪Լϰ·̧Լʱ챦ʯ۾ƺˮ⡣
Ұ㡣

ξȻֹ
ӵͬʱ˫ۡ
һʱĿԡ
ޱ۵׻δɢȥıŭ⡣
Щ΢΢졣
תͷ̨ڷСԲ˲䶼ܿ췴Ӧ˵ô¡
ڰȫǱߴһ֪ħߣҲǴӵ³ڳģЩʷͷˡ
쳢ȴûгɹַҵĴ̨ҹȻԼˡ
һԽʱյξ
¹⵱еħԪĵ ϸоһħߣóۡ
ԱӦתͷ
ޱЦЦؿ
ǸΡ
һŸɢȶȵ˲ֿʼ졣
úúðοҡ
ޱס°͸ļ͸ί
ҿҪＵԼˡ
˺öԼأĺί
ګګſʣôο
ٽһ衣ޱ櫴Щ۵
̲ס߳ܵر˱ۡ


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