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СݵռСǾĵҲǵһ̤࣬ΪһΡʱˡĿͷЦ֮ºǴŮӶɽ˲֮Ե
ѽŮôһҲɵfufuĸںʲô
߿ΪҾͲҴ㣬Сǣ
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ɵfufuŮûʲôøУԴǴ˸ΣεɽʱʹǳģɵfufuôңУھҪȥϼһ٣
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ΪһʱѻŮӶɣԭǸƱСħ⡮ӡ漫ˣǳʱȴ˳ճմ˵ͣԺģ˼ҵķСŮ
ѵǼٵģ
ֻΪӴ˺ƣܾȴ֪ʵڶǰӱһǣϣٰᣬҲֻǶһھ˵Ͳᱻռݹ
ӦûͣӦ飬ûɰɣдȣô꣬ôӽԺҲ뿪ˣòã
ϱɵľͷ龫СX۸ȫ绹뷭˵С㡿
ϱɵľͷ龫СX۸ȫ绹뷭˵С㡿
ϱɵľͷ龫СX۸ȫ绹뷭˵С㡿
ɣɡ
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ɣɡ
㣬ɺã
ݱǩ ͢ ж ϲԩ ֮ 
ؼʣǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ɰɣ㣬ɺ
⣺ֻвģδǱе㽣ʼһ


1 ؾ
²ʮܷ꣬ؾ
Ȼ岮ʱҲûֵܣⱲҲֻлʵۺӡЩʲôħ䣬˶Ҳͳ˶һ㣬Ҽٹλ֮£ֵܱضŽᣬ÷ʢֽǻʵ۵ĵ׵ܵܣʱԶطأһζֵ꣬ѾǺþδ
ʵ۶ʮж׳꣬ȴսǳû˿š˼ȥãԼ޼ֵܣһҹѣּȫһؾסȴʮ꣬úԲԲ
ҲûзϾʲôλƹ¡ɴûڴʷϳֹ
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ģ㡭˵˭Ϊ˭ֻһС˵ȴĲǰȻֻ꣬ȻС곤ôûа棬һͷɥģ
Ҳǲ̤࣬ǡ¶ݣЩΣҽһҪƪµģֻ֣ͷҵ֪ˡǡ
ֻ֣̤𣡡СˣǰһԸģίܼң
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Ȼү̤ûȤǾȥұ˽̤࣡
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ʲô˵ұ˾ұˣСҲòˣʲôʱܾһ֣һӵĻܼ޲ߣԼȺһƳۣһͷԵСӣ·߿
ȻһɵӡСеΪ˲ֿ⣬ǹǼһ߹ȥ
˹ˣСôû꣬ײײȥ
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Сɫе죬Ϊ̫ˣԼҲڲ˼
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СɵӾôԹԵ֣ȻĬĬվ

ֵüǿǣֵģЩζҪ֪÷һôһһ飬׽˱һˣǣ֣ڵģСѧϰ̺;ɲ񡣡ͷԵļһﵽ˭СҲǣҵְɡ
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ʲôӣ
ҾͲ
һԵĹܼҿýζ
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ЩˣǼһǣô̲ס嵽ǰģԼ˵̤ģҵˣְͰ͵عʲôСֱһ⣬һԱģͺøˡˣҲŲϲӣϲɵӣҪȥ棡
ɵӡȻָ޹˵Ƶˡ
ɵ
УԣҲ⻰ֱţҮôô͸һ氡˶ʮĺӲ£Ҳûʲô鰮ֻҪ˵ϲһ棬Ǿĸ顣ֺˣСС˵պǽΪ޵ģɵôһ£
Ҵ˻ôҲˣ¡Ҳȥ֣ǳ䣬һ󣺡𲻸Һã㲻棬һѹġھȥ̤òã
ſ֣Ϊôú塣
Ҵδ
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һСӼҼҵġΡһǲ״̬ǣܼ֡һ߿һЦҲ֪Īðĺ˭ҵģ쾹ȻܵСǣôõֻ֣ǿҲ̫Щôϰ춼˵һ仰ư͡
ˣҡҾǿӦɡǺԸ⡭СɿȻȻسԼվߣǴûӦֻ㶵ؿ
СͻȻ۾ͦÿ
СɵӣؼҰɡ
Сѵõᡣ
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ܣ굽ʮϥӡ
ôȥˣҲ֪˵ר黹ǳģټﾹȻûж檣ûжٶŮȥЩūţʣµԼʮˣֻרΪһ˲͡
Ǿӣɡ
ֻⶫǸǶɡ뵱궫ɳʱϲŮڿķϣҲԼ鳯͢ûϵͷʾԼ⺢ӵӡϧþڶʱȾȥȲԼӼӷһ졣һʱʧȥܲסһ¡
ʵּŮΪӣӼ޸ңŮֱ׸ΪӷĸıĵλƷöȣһ㣬ǻʵ۹ҪΨһŮպޡ
Ǵ˵һŮӣһʱΪѻ
ӣ˵վߵʯʨɽܶȥ̤ŷݣ벻ȥ棿СĿԴȥߡС˶Űůˮ߽ϸĵСժЬ࣬ЬմСļЩȥʯʨɽ˶ЦرģӳҲá
ֻСӺˣû˵
ӣСֺһ

ô˵СЦЦֻǸǣһжûӦˣƽʱĻϴѸɵòˣʱȥҲͲشӵۣʡñǸСˡ
˵ֻһεˣ᲻ټСͻȻ䲻ðôһ仰
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СƶǶؿ˵ͷรǵȻһˣټڶεҲΪԲԣ
СӲ˵
˰΢΢һЦ
Եġ


2 
²ʮ꣬ʵճӶ˳Ϊ̫ӣپϯٹϳףء
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ٹʱϯٽƷλζҾ򰴷£Ʒ߱ϯһǹԱЯһǰԱ˴Ůʴ˲Ʒסδʼ˶λϵȻʵϯݹ磬һ˸˽ð֮
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ñ˵
ء
ӼҾϯдСǱķ˹Ҳ֪˭ô󵨣Ȼʱ˵Щµķ˻ͷȥֻȺ֮˸Щ鲻ͷСݡรԭռҵС㡣
˵ռС㣬Ҳֻʮ꣬ȴѡ
͢һة࣬ҵةиӣȡƫƫǸϲõˣȥ̴ƴȴǼͷԣҲ᣻նأҲһһŮӽʮһԶΪүүةĹϵڳְ͢ԱŮʮ壬Ǿ֮еԵС㡣
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ʵۡ񲻹Ӣ̫ӣúʵŶȻʵӢ̫Ҫ
С˳Ž˳򽫼ʼһһս鵽һ˵ʱȴҲŤͷԼ
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СֻԼۣȴûзԼѾӶ˺ܾáΣӵĽŲҪ뿪С߷ΧˣСﻹõسЦЦѽСӣôôɰ캰㡣ȻһֻĬġ
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Ҳ̲סĿŻԼŮϡǳϯᣬΪʼͬʱΪӣŮҲô۴ͷڣ˴һж졣ЦˣԼŮС󶼳˵òò˸ͷִĪüĿŮװɫ㣬װ桭⡢Ů᲻üˡ
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뵽˴ͷ˲٣һںþơ
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⑞飬뻪衭
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СϰڷŵľƲ˻ûӵθһСҳԹ˼ӵļˣⶼ̫ණοղż磬ѾԹһЩˡӣҪҪЩʲôˮеζͦģ
ˣҷųǲֱֱؿһطЦˣ̫˵㣬ϳԶãǲˡ
̫Щɻˣһ΢̵ĺòá
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Ǳ߽ӺˣС˵һ仰żԺȡ

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Сȴֲǰð
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Ȼǵȵ˵㣬ĶıȼĶóԵ㣿磬ҪȥؼɣǵĻʳҲԺһЩ
˵ʲôϹΪʵЧֻǹټңѡǻǻʵۣ
ǡ
Ϊɶ
Һÿ
аɡ
ԶСһ󣬶õԣѾ֪·Լһ׶ԸʵҲ˵ǷǳѸ㣬ֻĳЩʱȽϵһҪ˺Ҫ۵Сѡ˵ˣҲûʲôرֵ£ԼһĸͬãԶģôԲۣ
ã˵ǲ㴳˴֪֪Զڹϣˣ¡㲻˵ĻҲԹʱС̧ͷԶѾˣﾹȻ˼ɵЦ
˼ǸŮңȻɵЦ˿ˣ϶ᱻ˵ӵġҪ֪ʹС˰ɻءӷӷ𣬱ҵɵòҪʲô
ŮңͻȻ˲١


3 
ⶫһŮûˣϼʹɷͷΡö˻صУǹŮӵǿ˵˸šԶ˼ͣڴŴͷԼֵӣϿ׿˵ˣܻͬӴ⣬պɷ׸ңӷ򡣡
รӡûԶ˼
á
ɶ
Ҹղ˵Ǿ仰𡣡ԶһؿеɶףղǾ仰ӣűɫԶƺ֮ͬ⣬ֱӽĵ뷨˳㾹Ȼ뵱ӷ򣡣
ûſڵҸµ
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ʱôô
ĺʹ

Լˡ
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ӷӷǧҵÿȻ϶ڷġӱӡ
ӷӷ𡭡Զʼ
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磬㲻ôҵģôôԼˣ벻ôԼҾ֪е̣ƽʱûûʵǵ춹ԶԶôã˼֪ô
ԶƳһۣ˿ûи棬մմϲֱӴãϣ֪Ϊ˼ħ
աԶ
ˡ
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ôϷ룬ͻոݡλةһְҵΪСԩͷۣʱ򻹺ãʱ򿴲ɣɤţܳȫˡһ˵֪ոЩʱΪҵ̵ʵ
ԩϣⶼʲôʱˣȥ˯
ү˯ˣɻǱĴѡҲùܼȥ˵ÿһΣԼߵǵķȻһģվſڣðڳ
үүСȫµģҵˣæһ嵽ǰղź棬ˣӮˣˣүү㿴֣쿴ӮˡװǿŮſСҵ̲סЦ
ȥȸ״ԶرۡôÿζôƤ͵Ӯģ˵úһòãүү
ˣҵֱӴԶĻһۣǵ£ΪҲ֪־ءֳʲô¶Ӧá
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ܿŮЦһ
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4 ħ
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ȻʮģҲͬ˳ӹȻǰˣ໹ǳĵסϻqҲΪһ㣬ܾԼչǸѧĺӡ
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͵ܣ춼ѵˣͱôн
⡭ΪѶŰԶǾ͡Ǿͳ԰ɣֻǣֻһҪЩȥȻĲҸ
ŰʲôҸ˵ֵ㣬㶼ôˣѵСﲻɣ

湫ӣԼʮ˾꣬볯Ŷ̯˹ϻۼ⣬ϱҪԶڴٳϵҲ˽⡣ϵóļӸǾټӵܣиƷϵĹٽסӸЦġšͷһλƷ佫󽫾ԵĶӡֶ֣š
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ϻתһ룬ض⼸Ϊһöòˡ
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죡Ҳͣ
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5 Сɰ
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ҲֻǲȫˣŻɵһԼЦĪЦЩɣȻ񣬷ЩϤЦʵ̫ɵ˵㣬ԱƽʱЩЦ˺˰Ĳ١˲߽ȴӰٵصڸǰţ
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λǾйټӵܣճе¡ϻһ˳ĬǱϹϾ˸񡣶ɵݲ̫ΪӰȫҲֻܳԵСίСҲֻǻУСĪ֡Ī֡
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һԵqǱ˼ȫڱӰΣϡ
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˻ҸղŻ᲻̫ףǱүү֪ˣҪ
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6 
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Ϊʲôҵĸô

ⱲͶ̥Ͷ˼˰ӣÿ

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Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôǴӦİţĸԸߡΪõʱ޷֮ɡ̫˵ˣԶԹس̾һʲôʱһħͷ
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ֹҪⷽŬԶһֲ̾Ҳ˵ˡҲҲգԼôǸյģǰܺúչãǱ۸ҲˡùúòĵϣĻ档
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7 û
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κĲɵشţǵĮ飬·ֱǸϲŵСqϻһŻظΣֻ˵Ǳȥɣ̫ӸͶֵҲʺϡ
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Զ̧ۿλӺӵºɫеĸмھϲ


8 Ѫ
ʱԶԶԶһۡ
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šЩֵն༫ˣŨܵĺӻţϡԼҶһè飬նЩãʵǴ
ӡԶе̫ͣӵºͶӴȥκ

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ҪˣҲԼ˽С֪׳֣Ҳüţ˼ܡ
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13 
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ޣû¡ع񣬳һЦϲͺá


15 Сί
ո
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Զոһֱ˹ʱıɿڶɻĻ档


16 

Բá

һʱ㣬Ǹ

ؼҵ·ϣԶһֱǲǣδɣ߬ǿ顮Ѫһʱˣǵֺð㽫ݵǰʱˡ
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Ϊ仰ŽյԸǰҵƽ㡮أҪôɵ廹ˣһ㣬ǿһˣعͷʱԼĸԶվڲԶò׻ָĺֱ˴ƣ˲
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19 Ů
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20 ԧ
ԶȢڼոһƬæµ
ŵͬΪٵ˵ĶŮʮ꣬òˡȻԶ⼴ŵδӴҲŵԣүүҲ˵ˣϹ֣;Ϊ䣬кβãԶҲûʲôˣ˵˽֡ȢһӣʶԻ²ܣӰš
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21 
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22 

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ˣǽͲˡֺȰֻعȥȺеŮǸһЦ⡣
ü
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25 
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ӣŮʱ᲻Ҳȡ֣ټͬĹԱ˵Ǹ޹ϡȢˣ˵ÿ춼Լֺʹɡӻеĥĵ̾һãЩʲô治ҪϯһͲʲôìܡ
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һʱ֮䣬ڶҰͽ֮
һǻ̿ԼεºӭȢʢΪң־ʢҲ

ʵ۴ͻһµ㴫鳯Ұ˲֪˲вŵӶɣҲɸ˵֪˴ͻϢһʱЩķϢ̫죬Ҳ֪Լǣҵܲܽܡ
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СġѾŵͬѾ߹̽ߵſڣͿԶǰЩˤӵģ
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ֻ˺ߣһԿԧɡ

ԶЩʱԼ᲻ڵĻʱԼ˵ˣ²˶ճɾġֻϣҪһģȻռҸˡ

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˵ʲô÷ŵԣԭ»бҸŵԵ˰
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ɡ
Ҳ֪ǸСɵ֪ûУ᲻ҲЩ֪˵ǸûȢĵСɡ۸ҡίˣͻȻɵɵЦϣľͷԼߡ


26 
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СӰСӡ
ԶԳֱ̾ͻһ£ԼҲЩ㱡
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˵ɻԼµ͸ء˵ֻǷ֮ìܡ
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ո֮ǰϻѾںӱ봫Ű׸롣Ӧţæ˴Ű׸ȥȻԼݳǰ˵ҲǸЦĻ棬Ϊ޹۾ЩףСҲڷһʱ䣬ֹ̫ͬۡ˼ʱһģһĺۣССңġ
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27 
ǰŸߣһةฮϡ
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28 ʹ
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29 ů
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ǵ²ʮ궬죬Ϊ䣬ʵصظٹһµļ٣´ѩţֻ鷿ڸɳƷϹԱ룬ǰߵģһʮ˶ڽʵ¡ܱУʵ岻ʣʶʱ䶼ֻȺͳĻıߡ
ѩ׷갡ǰӣ˽һѩȻ󣬵Ҳ༸սѩ˼ܴ˿ů¯ϣЦԼůö䷢ŮһȲ衣ѩ£Ҳȥ
ȥߡЦЦ
⺢ӽԽԽϲˣܼãҲϻɶǸةŮ棬ܱ˾ǵÿ䣬κξƹݡ¥ϷԺ˵ӰӦǺĸɡܴŮЦԼЩʲôҲ˵ȥ
⺢һзִ磬ѡ񣬵׵Ĳ̫ġ
ҪԷС
ǳŵʱ˰ɣѩЩŵʱˡתͷ㿴һߺŵϹܼңԸţмѾС˸ţ׼ñӺ磬¯Ҳϣ©˶֪𡣡
ϹܼæӦ£ȥ׼ˡ
Ըܵһ裬ɫ㲣ɵõģⲡҲ˺ЩˣзҩôҲ֪Ǹʲô֢ʱ򣬶ܱʱʣ붬ˣⲡûãҪһأҹԡɶĲģɶȴ˵ֻһЩССʹɴ⡣
ôΧתҲ˹еҽҩ뵣ģֻЦЦڲһûж˵İɣأɽԻºԡ
ҡɸЦˡ

ŵʱ򣬵ȷ綫ϣѩµôˡ
ɽմһذףźëĺ磬ΪѩҪñֻǼ򵥵ذ˸ͷûЩŮױݡϻqͬñںͷվſڽѩЦǶҲˡ
ԽԽÿ磬ñȥΣءϻЦſãæָ¯ӣվˣɣ
첻ˣѩͯ㽫˴
ѽÿ
ϻǺͬ⡣СǣûϻȰԹԵȥſڵĿһֱӷȥһġϻֻεЦˣæк˶ƥҶ϶ɵĽŲӣչǱѾȥˣٶȣӦѾĿĵء
~ɹЦţǰ
ԱʱСҡ⼸ദԳ嵭һʼʱѹϻq轫һжչտʼʱܿأӳˣƽʱĻˣҲᣬŶһ׻ʮСЩĻôطϣүҲҷ԰֮˾ûչ棬նԶҲǶ˼һ㽫ǽϻq迴¡ôԽԽŬأ
Ӵλ͹٣¥
䣬ϻ˾гʳϷѰһСĵꡣ˵ţģССΪǶطҲ֣ʼʮԼ⣬ĻĽĿˡϻ֪లЩʽĿҲҺѼг̰źãԤ˴˴һϯ͵ȶɺ١
϶¥ʱֻһˡ
¥˴̨λãţС¯ѾãŸʳķһߣ˶ˮصȳԡһЦѾ߰Լñպãǵسȥ
Ͳ𣿡˵ţȴҲ£һ񣬵˾Ѹٵؿʼů¯
㲻¥ĻԲ˼ôҲֻ̧ǰСʳΪ죬ڳԶʱͷ羰Χ˵ľٶգ
ม
Ȼ
ԷĵװЦһԵС˻Ѿ߻ǰæµһæŸǵů¯һæ裬ȫһְ죬ûҵС֡չЩʲô裿áЩ̲ܳסһ۶ˣչ˺Ǹж
ѩ죬ǳĵľͷݰˡ
Щ񣬾ˡÿʶãƾòȣƻΪŮ·ɣӣһֱľͷߣԼŵҲ廨šǰҲȥٵطٰϷǶȫϤĽĿг̼ûģûǰȫ¡֪ˡǾ֣ͨǱĲã
Щµľ̿һߡ
ǡ
ҲͨʱĽӴɴ׵һ档ȻһЧżȻҲܲԱ˵˵·ʽԴԼȻͬġѹָ绹е˸ߵۣ鴫Ҳ˼ҵķСŮ
뵽С̲סЦ
ţŹһˣʱһѽԲ꣬ĵظƬպ˽ϵţ⡣ЦԣЩ֣ʵ뵽ʲôˣ
㡣˸
Сһ±Ǹᣬ֪Ĳ²⣬ҪЦҺü졣һ׷ʵģڳݺݵı飬һץſӣһָŻԼ²Ͳʣ㡪ԣҪң
ҪԶĻͿ϶ῴ㰡Сѵûطһء
ǡ͵۾гԵģҷ㿴ңҾʹ㣡
ߣֵֽ
⻰̲סЦˣԹԵӷԸһֵԼ۾һӵԵġżɻſһ͵Ȼ鵽ħһؿԼæֺֽϣͷ
ţץ˰ɣʮ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ̲ס֡
ţЦزֹǱץУĿŵʮӽȻһҪ㣡
ⲻƽ
ܹƽ
죬ͷɥȥqҪӣľͷôôɰ涬εýһʱ̲ס˽ϵۣһ򶫷ɣ־ů˲١
аڣá


30 
, ʮӡ
ɽһӵݸûлӦɵߵԱ΢, ԼԴ͵ǰ
ɣ
϶ķģ, ϹĶ, ǵΧĸһЦżеһθŵСѾ߼һĻȲ, Ǽֲ, ˵һչƴӣЩ˵ĺú÷̾, Ҫࡣοϻq˿˶û˵ɶء
ɱһףЦţûж֣ȫˣҪðˣָ˰ȥţ
ôᣡüͷһ, 档ع¥ȷ˲ˣԸǶ¥ȥ, Ҳõұţ, ҶԵ㡣ϻq裬Ҳһ𡣡ֻǿЦһ˵ɵãֱӽ֧ˡ¥˵, ɸֹ, ְɡҲᷭץġ
ҲŲ, ƭӡ
Ҳƭӣڲô
Ҫ𿪡
Ҳ
Ϊ˵úôԴеģΪ˽鱦Եģݹ۾ǣҲҲִˡֱɵһЦһ߿ɶƫҪسŵƿԼԽԴǰûޣֻ˼˼һͷˣ̧ۿ
˶ЦţȻĶӣǲŷԼԷѾôǽĿͣڶԷһ˲䣬־ʱ˺ܾáֻ֪࣬ԱߵĻ¯¶̫ߣǾԼ붫̫ǡЩڵؽͣڱ𴦣һӡ
ѡЦš
Ŷ
¶˼֣±æţҪΪڽƿǵģܻͻȻ˵һЩĻҪǻ˱ȥߵ뵽д󷢣̲סǻġǾԱ˰ɡ
ţû塣
ֻһ

󽫾ۡ
վڻˣѩһֱûͣվںͷ֨ôվáҲ֪Ǹʲôʱ빬ʥһۿıԼҶվ﷢ģ
ڴ˴
߽ʱֲ΢ع񣬳Ҿ
ûС£ѩµúÿ㷢˻
ѭĻȥѩʲôر𡣡пУȥ빫Ӵ˼ҡѩʲôÿģÿ궼Уһμ
ʵ۴ͻʥּ˵ʢȻָ֣ӣȴڵ²ʮġ񲻹ǵ²ʮ궬˵Ҳһʱ䣬ջ飬Ҳ¶ˡεİţǻʵ⿼ǹġʢһףŮʱһƸҪ飬עһһ޵ƶȣһ˼ȳɰ£͸һһ໥֣Գ֮ǰ֮Ҫһ˽⡣
˵ʢڴĶӰ£ϰѱĥʴȶദϰδģʢ˻ǻѭԼʵΪշģİţΪľʢʵУһء
ղŵվ̸ѵЦˡദʱ򣬵ȷ졣ǸŮӣ黭ͨڴʫʸ踳Ҳ˽һЩطָ֣ʦֶδŵͦ⣬֮ЩĽ֪и顣
ֻżȻҹֻϧ
ţǱáοЦˡ
⣬ЩˣңռҶ˹ϵô
ҵŭֱûҲΪԼ粵ҵ̬Ҳˣԭϳʱ̸һЩ£ʱҲԼȾƣ鲻ҵ޹䣬»棬ʱûнֲ֪Լǲˣö˶˵ֵýţǺοࡣ
ǳĬ

ºѲ⣬ٳ֮֮£ҶѹҲϧһν飬ԵԵǿȤˡΪһϣ϶¶ûлתءΪԼҶϽʧ֪Ǹ
˵ʧĻ
˵ףҵĽѵִ̼̫
Ϊ˱ԼŮֱ˵˵ֲٲ¡һ仰ƲøɾֲҵֻǻعͷʱĵܾԼǷһΪԼĹ
鶼ѾˣûҲûá⿴͸˵ᣬҲ㣬뷨ƫΪˣ֪һжҪķѳɶ֣Ҫģηܷͼǿ빫

Ĳүһ߰աⲻȰ뿪ˡ⻰ʧþãƺ˽Ҫ˶ȥһ㣬һȥҪ˲ٸ
ˡ
ػɵ죬Ȼʧ
һˣҸõˣһֱһֱɡ

ҵӿԷȻԵһƬ
ιιιﻹȱأôӣ
ٷһ
ιˣ
Ҳܣ

ţСһǶ˰ֻ̫֡ˣʱʱöû͵ǹسɵӣȻЦɨһƬ߾˫ֻ
ϽŲƽҲһֱ֡ⲻѾǶɵߴˡ
ɿ
ĳͷӮպīˮıϻСڹꡣɿһԼֵݹȥȴеһ



ϻqһߣ۾ɵϴ
ӴιӵСչﻭɻè
ɽɫԹԾͷһԵĸЦ죬̲סһۣһһٵЦЦܷ
Ӵӡ
壬ôñܷëһĶͷװãڼӣ۸ˣ
аڼ۸ˣίƲ죬ͷһ£ţƲ죡
Ŷɺһ
ضһĻôУǰһģɵѾһżªףΪܱЩúרģרĵûⶫɵ
΢عһ۶ɣôܶʱ˿̶۵׵顣̫ܰϢʱ̬ױϡرһ֡ԭˣһ˲䣬ͻȻսǰĿԣȻ
뷨öɺ˶
ţô滭
ҡҡͷֻЦ


31 ҹ
붫ɵԼֱƻ衣
صű˷Ϣ, Լ˰ʱſһӰػεܾˡ磬ʲô¾ͽ˵, Ҫſڻȥ, ۶ˡ
, ô֪ҵģ˵Ŷ롣
ȷԶ
ͷвѩ
ģһϲ𣿡ҲŹ˽, һü, ѾæȥŵϡԶţһͷѩģ;úЦ
ԶǶ, 񿴵Цһϡ¡
һֱң
ûת˲١
ţ
ɻԶЦеΡ֮ǰ㻹ΪͷڼҶԴȥһɣƽ˲١ʱҲڼңÿӳȥ, Զæֲһ䣺粻˵ã㿪ģҲˡ
Цˡ
ȻΪҸ, Ǳ㲻õġӹѾߵȲ, ¶Ỵ̄͸໨ɱһů⣬ķȣ񶫷ɴůһ㡣ɡ˵, ͦõ, ǼҲģԾҳȥ档ǰûôС˼
ӣԶզࡣ
, Ȼ˼磬⻰ɲ˵ԶþǰĹ磬ԼҪǸҹˣԤзǳ׼Լע˻ǣԶ̾һ˵ҾΪãҲ֪ƢԡΪǲƽϣǸߵ˶أһиĸ״ɾͳԲ˶ˡ
µˣ
ľͷ֧ˡ
ºڣΣ򶫷һҲᱻ֪ġ
Զһǣǹɵص˵ͷ
˵ͦõģִҲÿԶ̲סпҲ֪ջһʲôȢΪӷ򣿡ҲôضһԵɣ
ɡ
ҲĻʼ롣
Ȼľͷ˵㣬ΪŮ˵ʮòʮֶ£ͬʱҲеãЦرÿôТ˳СˣøʲôӲʺϣŮȢ֮£ǰҲֻǾãŵԻͺá뵽Ȣɵˡ벻
¼ôһиȢΪޣ˵׸Ϊ
ܰ䵽ݵˣضҲǹɣЩСĹǸƷһģ˵Ǽ޸Ѳɼ޸ſ·࣬˵׶һЩظܹһΪ˼ҵһչ˶ɵġ֮١̲ס̾ƺҪˣʸȢģ»û
Զļȥˣţصмա
ɡ
˯ǰϰԵóǿ顮Ѫ档ǳΪճһϰߣֻ˯ǰս壬һҹߣҹΡʲôˣ㳤أţǿ岢Ὺ˵ӦģֻԼԼĺ磬Х
ͷ¡
Ǹҹ˵ĻҶҲм˵һ졣ɰԺ᲻ϲһӣȻǳᣬȶһãĻ棬˲ˡ㲻ü˾ͺˣȻҲˡһֱһֱһ𣬲㡭
ҳ˰ɣ

˼գгóĳӻؾնΪ᳤̻ԵҪðѩżһηƤݻ벻ǣʱѾŮյǸţ˵ʲôȥʲôСóĳӡնֻ֣ǳ⣺ѩµô󣬱˵ˣЩ˶ܲסôûǸϣȥӸߡ
㵽߶ҲǷԼϵԸ
~ȥˣ롭ûʲôϺõƤݣһ
·
ţ
ԼŮһΧЦնɫҲ˲١㰡նεҡҡͷǼŮ죬ϧʵ̫ˣҪϺƤݣ㿴˴ǣαԼȥ˵ˣҲЩƤݺԲԣ
ǵģŮһϲҡøЩ~ҸȥŮĸʱͰæͺ~~
Ůնһ㶼ܾ
˵ûоܾ
նҲֲֻͬ档ǳĶһȺˣôǸСҳɺͳն˸ԼȥԼ̻ͷȻ˽ֻҪڵȺ򣬵Ȼ͵ںѡ
ɽЦÿġ
ΪˣƤݵܻӭмǮİնһЩ˵ЩҲĸԱһγĻǴﹺģӶҲøɾЩһõļ㿴ϲĸˡ
л~
նļƤݣ޷ǾǴӺ꣬ӣ̡õȶϰƤëЩ˵ĴҼϹΪһ۵ƤݲϡЩ˽ⲻ࣬Ҳ֪ĸǺõģֻһǸɫܸģֻҪ˵ȣʲôƤëҲνˡ
뵽һ㣬ߡһڵģá
ɫòأ
ɫĻ᲻ĵɫǺܺãͲˣʱ˸ɽô죿ҡҡͷǴڵķ¡
ҵأ
һëģüͷ塣
һңôһЩɫģնԥã߹ۡ㿴ЩӶֻǴϲ˼ֹҵôһѩģëɫѩɾһҷ˺ôľŴӱ岮նһ˵ţһ߽ѩӵݵǰ
ѩ
ϱ˳ƤëѾ˴ģ
һϲɡ
ֹ

ʳǡ
ʵ۶鷿̴ۣܹܻ˵ҽ
±˵ɡ
ϡ
ʵƳһۣºǲá
ҽ˻ʵ۵ɫæֻҵعſͷŵذ壬˵ҽʳδҹϵļΡֻǡȲ˲ҽ飬Ҳӿ˲ҩ϶Ͻ飬ȡ
ŵôԣϵɫһǺ̧ƽڵڵ˿ɫ˰Σ˵һ仰
°첻ɣǶš
ϡ
ȥ
ʵ۵۾ɵ÷졣


32 Ԫ
ѹ, һգֵۣԪڡ
ʵգ污ϢʹøҸֱǽ, ¸ǳ̫ƽʢú֡ʮδ, ѿʼΪԪڽĿԤ, Ϸ, ݰֳΪӽµľ, ǳűŹҲʵƣʮһ, ʵƾͿʼһҹ䣬ǻɷǺÿ
ӦֵԪڣƽһȵҲòһ㡣
ԸһЩµĲʵŹܣ˲Żڵд˲ڵϡСԺʮϹܼҵİ, ĴϸɫĵʫᣣȻֻʮģѱʵӳϲ, Ԫڵĵڴ
СӶɹ, Ҳʮ塣մףŮʮͣΪȡ֡
ӡ
ϻЩqһ˹ȥ
ܲ㣿
ҡҾһʱϰ
һŪƵĶЦ, Ƕ˻Դ, ͵֡
, ʲôƵġ
ʲôʲô
ʵ۵ӣ̫Ӷ˳ӽӶҡΪȡֵʱ˳λӵ֣ΪŮȡ˵֡ϳơ
ү˵ˣ˼ܾȡġ֣Ԣѩɢշ磬ҲԢӿΪӣһqϻû񣬷ǳ׸һƣҲ֪ûרү˵ģ
ȻУϻίˡ
ûпǴ֡ԪڽæһƣԻͼԳдʫʡ˵ҪʲôĵƣɸõĹŪǣοԼڣɾãԼĶϾһþֵղء
ƣ͸
ϸǩóɵֽţй㲼ͭߣС߰ҪѶɵСӰڸס
ӣʱˣҪɣۿҪˣϻ¶Ϣ˵Ҫչ͵ôˣɾͳ˸Լ
ƻûءüͷֻר־ƴû˯⡣
ϻһƵĽȣҲòˣĹҺqŪɣȥ˯
ѾѵͼԼʫŪ꣬Ҫģǰѵǩճãͭ߼òϣһʹԼת⡭òࣿЩһѴϻǩУҪԼ
Ӵ
ˡæȥԸѾ׼ˮ
ðɡ
һҹֱŪ췽꣬ۿԼתŷԸ˽Ʒźãװ̫˷ܣ´ȥ˯ţò׽ˣɫʼһ˯Ϳ쵽ʱˡ
Ҵææϴ밲ϻqţСһ·СܶǺ졣ǰʱɱôһģ
С˵ʱһڰЦòá
ɣ
Ǻǰ쿴𣬿שǽĴ䣬ý˳ǽӸ¸ǣͻȻҲžɫȻʡƯ̲ס̾Ȼ˾Щ꣬ţδЩվɫͷʱĻʳǾɫ
뾩ǵķ羰һʳǷһƬׯ£ϲʵƣϰյӰԵ塣
ôţҲ֪ʲô
ԪˣʹҲôô
ͻȻðôһ仰
ĻʳǣЩĽԼϤĵطֻʼϰɣʳǿûʣʵƬأвͻԼѪǽӦһԶЦˣʹʲô岻壬һˣδֹ
ʹٿ磬аٹٳ˿طôģůΪطµȨưɣÿ̤ٴҲᱻȾȻΪνĹ»ƴɱһҲǶɳʱϲŵԭϲ߹ǵĹĶǣҲ뿴Ȩ֮˱ֱʶŶ΢ĹۣѵûΪߵеá
һУġ
ɾҪʹҲô֡ŤͷĿⴿù¶ô
ġɻشúԥ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㰡
ǵһʶɣԻΪǸСҰ˽ݹ˵竡ʶɲһˣԴ˿̣Ϊɵһ仰ݣԷ顣Ϊ㡯仰ֵҲЩ٣վԱûɵĲ֪롣ֻǶɲû⵽ֻתĸǸװƵĺӡ
ʲôһºӴСװһͷ
ԪڣǹҲʵƣµЦЦƣ۷·ɢԼ˸ƣȻòǺܺáҲһ⣬ϣϲɸҪѺӴ򿪣ȴһס֣˵𿪣Ȼǵƣǵٿ
ϣ
ţС˽ºӣ嶫Цڼùźٳһ¾ǵĵƾ˳㿴һơòã
ƽʱǶԼ
ȻֵʱԼҲģδԹɡ
룬СӵĶˡ
ááȻá
˵Щ״ΣֱǸɵɵģ
ɵӡǰϵɿʶŵʱ򵽵жڣȻûôˣʱη磬ҪǴ˷ͷۣɾֵһ˯á߶߶ضð죬ŷֶԭһ˫۾ֱҲӡ
ʶ죬æԼĿջأ˿벽

Ǵȴħһѽסػ
ںͷѾСͱϻqԶǿˣܵǰź
š
һЩ˵ܾˡɽԼʹһֱıǷŷɫĴ꣬ڸȻû˽֮£˵бܵģһͺһͻƲסһЩرɵĻ棬öãǣơ
ѽסڿԼһ˫۾Ҳ֪÷ɣɡһƬհףֻһֱŶɵ֣֪ʲô
ԡ
ǽµľ֣һХǡ
æƿ˺ð죬ߺ˵ţҪ˵ĻٸҰɡҡҪȻȥˣүүڼҡϣתˣҲûܶǸʲôӦŲɿ졣
վԭأͷϻqһЦæɿ
Ц
СӰһۡ


33 
Ԫ, ʱ磬δʱѽ˳ϯ, ʰꡣŵʱһֱĲ, ֱ붫ܳԪ, Цѯʶ, ˵ҪϳŴȥ
Ԫ, ˵֣Ҳӡܳһ, Ůһ࣬һȥҪʲô֣ʱô࣬ʲôô죿
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, ˭ͬУܵζ
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ɻδӦַܱԸ
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⻰־ϲæЦӦ£˵ԼԼʱؼҡȻ󣬶ɱŵ뿪ˣ֮ǰǹسŶֵģǵЦ
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ӣһЩô죡
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ɣ
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һ죬ϿһһĲ
վڳǽ֮֮£ֻضţһֱû˵һֱЦա

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Ҽů㡣ҲЦˣսĶϣƳһļԼȿʼС¹ײҲûԼţڶůһ˫۾ȥϵ𡣡ţôðɵ˵ػԾ

ôˣ
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С㣡С㣡ô찡
ʱѵ֮ϻq·һλߣɫ׷һλͰ͵غšС㡯Ҫɸqȥһ񣬻qԵ˼ṦһԾܵûӰĹ׷ȥ
ļ㡣qסǸĹȴĵҧһڡ
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qüͷ壬ǲҽſ
ɵ˺ܿҲæԼСҧλŵò᣺ѽСɿڣɲҧİɿɿڣקҲ֪Ǵóһ֦ҧ˵Ĺȥҧ˹ˣϲЦտſq衣
λлܱǸСҧ㡭־ЩҲһΡ
qֻǸذ˰֣ʾް
룡һ͵ı㣡ҧ˹˹һֱ֦ϻؿڡ


С㣬ǿȥɣүõˡ
룡Ҵѽѽѽſҡ
־е㲻ѵĹﱻߴˣɿϻһԣЦôˣ㻹渺ˣ
ղֱҵġȡϻһ˼˵ȥҺɵûдq衭Ȼ϶ᱻһ١
Ҳ֪˭
֪Ӧ˼ҵŮ˵Ǽҽˣɻûκò



34 è
ɻصʱ, ǡҽǴ
Ȳμӡ
ˡ
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, ǻˡ
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, ôôû˯
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ʱǼҽҿһϵķӡɳüЩҿЩҩ϶˲ζҩѰ
Ѱqûж롣
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q赹ûϻЦΪϰ˳ܡ
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ѩ࣬ոԼӸ翴Ϸ
Ǿϻó͢Ա¼ɣ㳡ҲͲȥˡɶȥ˱ȥÿĵ㡣бһȻԵãҲȲˣĺȰ׿ˮһϵİ˵£ҲͲȰֻǣնɲ⣬ԴӿǼҩš
ô
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ӴƽտϷ̫ˣﾻЩİԶתüŪۣնƲƲ죻ȻֿضɣЦӣڷпأǲҪһ˽
ʽ᳡ϣסŮ첻ڡĳ¾ɹءɰ˰֣վˡմ˻Ҵ·Լȥɡ
ԿԡܼңȥС
Сס
ԶҲ˼
ǿͶʱ鲻ɣҲʱʱóϾǶ˾ȥ͵Ҳ١֪С֮鲻һ㣬ʲôĶУû˲µ˼ŻǾǺýãҾԲŮ֮飿Ҳý˵ΥףοԼ鷳ء
ӸСĸãСܿӵĺءǰͷϹܼһƨȻЩδģֻΪɵע⡪ɻúܸˡ
𡣡ЦЦ
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ҡ
εҡҡͷ
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˳ŽߣͷͻȻѴƿˣһӰôӳͷûֻɢţռģȫͬǸӰ񣬼ͻȻĿ䵽ԼϣԾЦˡ

ȴȫͬķӦವһ±ԼѾǷƢšϴ죡Ҹ㶨

ɱˣǰĳɢ˲١
˵׼ɽţǵĸҶԳȥϴʱһԻĴѾĵؽƿˣ˶ɽݣԼȥ衣ҲԼˣΪǵһԱ֮ǰſ˲٣ԹԵڷתơͦƽմڼʲô£Ҳûʲôڷⲽһһôߵһ֮󣬿һӰӳɴ֮ϣ磬͹¡

Сԭ߲ˣ磬һԲ
С㣬ˡ
ͷ
ǡ
Լ߷̵ѾߡΪͻȻûͨڴ֮ǰڴ˯·ûҲûϴֻƿģȴԺ￴ľͷӡһæѾǹʰСû꣬±ɿԼޱ߷ģ
ֻƫƫˡ
ڶɶԣʲôģô˶ġ


35 ɾ
ƾЩԴҲ뵽, ħڼʱľ
ԼҲһȻ֪һԵˣǿԼǰٵ˹ģٻЩϰߡһֵĵطôڹǰȥһӣɺŲ, ʮ߱ʱ̲סü, Цˣ
С, бĿô
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˱仰ʵ, ɫڵֹҵٵô, һӻҪǮأҶ޳ô, 㻹ôѾߵ̿һ˻ȥ
ɹЦˣ˵á
úúãͷСƢˣ뿪ٰΪֹʹ³˲١򶫷߽, ˿ɷģΪҪ۸ӣ˭ֻ֪һ¶ɲ豭ĲǣɫãӰѲ軻, ˭ǳֲģ֮ǰү롣
Ѿɫ, ǰһæɢȥ˴ˡ
һȺɵȻø˵ĴֲӦӡع˲ɣһڻںǶɻڳԼɵЦ, бһۣЦʲô, ǲк㣬Ѳﲻջ𣿡
ʲôջ, һ裬иζһ죬һܵģСϰܺȵĶôͲܺˣ
СϰܸȣСԺõĴõģһʵ⸱ӿ϶ܲסҲû粵ȥ̨Ϊ֧ʣµ˳ţٰǰ̧һ죬¶֡
һ
һ۵ɹȥ

ֻ֪ةŮԵûдҹģŴСУ۸СϰգʼǴţԶﴫֻпûʵ飬ɶЩšοǰġħûаħеģֻӵˣÿһ£۽һ̧ܽЩų׷顣
ղĲһˣһףԵøΪ
ɶĿ˽ⲻνһ㶴Ϥ˼ֻǶϸµ۲ÿһÿһһ£Ҳܸоõ顣ڡӦǿĵİɣɵһ˫۾벻ȫӰߣֱѾǻ˹Ҳûа㷴Ӧ
ˡ
롣
ӣò衣һСѾ߲ΡΡص˲ˮΪɻһۣߵͨ죬ˮСѾƽǸôô׾δȹѾѵ⣬һū֪öʧ񡣡
ҲҲաɺЦˣȥ
СѾ߸ж£ٰǰһζ
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ȿȿȿȿȡ
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ģ飡
СĪùЦˣֻһʱֻòȲС
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εЦΪҪǲµĹ飬ֺֻõ˵ͦõİǡͦģҲûʲô£԰ɡ
ȻѾͷôã顭Ӵô

ѽ΢Цſ᣺ĸѾͷÿͰȥɣϲˣǾԲġȻˣſڵʱܻѡ
⻰˼ƺڿǴ˭ߡ

Ҳ˵ֻؿһŻȼգյԿðˡ԰ѾͷȻߵСѾߣһͿĸǰɣһûдң۾ȫŵϣｫһ䣬ͲûĶծˡ
İôˣ
ιûУûĵģһֱ΢ЦͻȻˡ
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˵㿴ĸ߰ɣ
ҡһĵʣߣҲԣ
űˣ
ֻ˵û񶫷˵ʲôӦʱһЦ⣬롭
ôˣС㡣


ʱδɱǻظˡ
ԭҵԶͿ͵ģЦ˵̸һ·ة൱ȻûԹԣæк˽ҲĹĻ޾ɣһѽƵӶɱϣرõػ֣߶ȥȥɣӻظȥ
ᣬŵرʾţүүҿŮ
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ãֹֹûаԶֱ˹ת˸򶫷ɣ㿴˼ӻڵأͱӵ̫ˡȥɰչ˺ӣˡ
ң
ȥȥɣ˵ˡ
ǱԶϳš
ħˡ
ȫ˶ħ˰ɡ
·ϻرǿɳԼЦһҲ֪ʲôҩȻôά㡭ճҳүүҲôҡ϶ҵүүƤ¿϶һ϶Ƕ˼ٰģ޳ܡ㲻Ҫ쵰
ιôôǣ޹򣬻ܻ֣ͣͣͣ˱ˣʲôˣ
㻹ʡʣʣ
Ӵ
ӴŴűΪ֣һº·ȭͷҲЦľٶһһСڴúǿġqںͷ̲סЦˣСԭôð
ֻǿֵʱǶݵġ
һ˸ƹһûʲôߵСһϤͳˣһרҵ˼
һ㶣Ҳԭء
չЩ£˵ʶظĿڣ˿Զʮ㡣
ȻѾˣ¶ȥôˣҲʲôѴæأûж룬ͷӦûжЦſڣȻȥɣҸġ
ɻ˰죬һ
ֵĸо
ŶȥıӰͻȻһĻʶ


36 ǻƻ
ѽƻ衣
·, qڶɺͷСӵӰбӳԵüΪµįqþûʧˣȻҲΪʲôɻģ, Σתƶɵע˵һЩ, Ҳֻǵػһ䣺
ˡ
qһü

ô, Щˡ
ǲqϵĵ, Цһ¡ֻԽ, qԽ̤ʵ
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qͷŶԲߣһײǰͣסŲĶɡ
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ǰǸˣϻ
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ҡҡͷ
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ЩѾĻˣ
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q񣬶һ
ҲǷ˻£ţǵðҪ졣
ǣСΪȻƴǡ
ʶȤͺá
qһ
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ܲɣqûüһ˿ͱͷߵϻˡq£ٰ¶Ҳᾪʧ룬ɲһϻ򶨵ط
ȻҪˣôʲôϻҿ˿Щɻ󣺡첻ӳ֣ôֻһˣ
ŶѾȥˣղͻȻЩʳ򡭡qָһ䣺Ǻ«
ม
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ϻˣΪȷŹ֡ղŸǸ˵ʲô˻¡򵥣⵱п϶顣qתͷһۺһơ

ճϢ
ɫĴʰ̯λæŻؼҵİ̻Ĺ˼˵ľٶһ·ߺͬһؼңΪǢ
վϦǣʼնûпһۡ
޻˵ദõ÷н٣Ĭһ·ηǳҲµģòѹɤӺ
һǶɺø
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ҲǰСҪˡô˼ʢδЩϰߡ͸øĵ˰첻عͷЩɻ󡣡¾˵ɣʱҲˣһҪؼңүүڵҡ
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Щ⣺㡭
ûжԲңҲûиҡ֣ϣסⱲҸûԵ֣һҲУһһذҼϡһ˵͵ʹˣ¡
ֲǺԼĻ˵ʲôôĻһơʶ𣿡ǲǻڹңҽӵʥּʱûеһʱ㣿ģʱǡ
ˡЦһֱ߬Ӷӽ˲ԶĺӵһȥӰϣԺúöԴδŵӣң㲻ҪҲûҪģΪ޹ءɣҪȥˡ

תˡ
ͷҲصˡ
ֵȻѹֻãղһƸĹ۵ġѽҲ֪᲻һޣͷ˿ʼ֣ͻȻȻ˲٣ͨ˺ܶ顣
ԭʧԼʲôѹ¡
෴ھͦʹġ
֪ûȭͷһٲŶԡ
-ǽֽ𣬹±
-ʱһעʳ⡣
ڳõԵǩڣ㲻ĻˣһӰĽֵҡͷЦ
ǩ



37 Լ

λү, 鷳ͨһҼӵİ
ô㣿֮ǰ˵ӽ屧ˡ
ǡռҵӡ
˵, ļ, ӣ
һūƫ뼸λ, ˱¶ʿûõ, ߲, ֱӽгìǰĿ¶׹, ׺ݣҪ£˵˲ǲҪٴ
ǼūЩΪѵؿһ
ˡȥɡ
Ը
ǵڰ˴οŰݷñܡ
ǿ
屧Ӷɣö˶˵԰͸мԻܣԼ޼ݡܴӵ˵˶ɲԸӰ, ΪŮȾʲôҴ԰ȴһ۵ضڻݼ, ɫ档
Ӱ, ֦辸üȻܽµ֦ӹȥû
첮㣬Ȼ治
, ѵӽԼѧѧ, ϼһĶ࣬Ҳ⹤ǰŪˡ
첮ǫˡ
Ի, ɵ״̬ûɶ󰭣޼أܲĶȥֻǡЩף⺢һǿ̱˲ԸӴӣοոģɾȻһζûдæŴδüѯʶɵڿǴʲôҪ¡
첮һ޼õĻ߳վڻ԰ſڣæ񣺡СĲμү
ȥɡ
ǡ
˳Ŷʯ·ţһ·޼Ļݣһ·Ը̾ร벻ɶ޼ⷽ澹츳˼ʮ깦ģءЦˣЩиұ١滺ľɶܴеõᣬҲһ¡
ɶô󣬶ܴš
ɴӻ̧һ۵СӲһ£ȴְ·ϵʪԽԽࡣɲ˼ЦЦøЦˡ
ܵǴȰһͷӲݣЦˣܿҵıŮôлһ£⵱ĸ˶ôЦ㣿æ۲۰ҪҪЪϢһ
ɵͷһͤȥ
жѸٵضˮëöϴֶֺһˮĵѾ߽ӹëְٰæ·ͷһӣֽ£뿪
һֱԱţһԲ
ղúʹҪôһü
·æÿ춼ġܲһֱͷǰɣз۾̧ͷ죬һܵԼϢϢǣްպ죬ɶߣöɶɶûʲô¡˵˴˶һۡ
ȴһԡ
Ҳ֪ʲô£Ҳûʹˣһûڵģ̾˼Ҳ֪ʲôܸɶӰ鶼ʧˣǱ˵Լر´ûม
ɸɿû˵
ţ㲻Ḹɾͽ˵ָ⵹ߵ棬а۷ţ֮ǰ㳣ոȥ˵ĸ黹ÿһŰɣ鶼ɶ˵ռ˸ñȶԱ˸ôռ˰ܵǰˣ㡭Ҳ
ÿһͰˣ
Ȼûгżqȥ֪̽ŵˣ
Ϊѹ
ܾǰĶɿԽֺܿãѹʱóȻһʵԩԸͷһδֻҪˡ
һ䣬ؼҰɡ
ɿסڶ仰ʱĿ
ȻвǵȷˡЦǣǿǰʱŶ˾÷ˣҾǾôҲȥ˱𴦣ܶû˼
Ӵɶֲţץסĳؼһ󷴲˼չҪŰݷãȻڸУôţ
ɻˡ
ͬ˼ֵܿһʱ˵Ǳʲôסˡ

q裡q裡
ôҪʱңл˵ƨţô۶ӡ
ҹ
ϻ²q赽һ䣬һ·㣬ģ͵üҪqǰһq費ӿʼۿǰתǾүķˣҪϻȥɣ˵ܴᷢ䡭
ô˿˿ôãϻq֣һЦʲôҿɼأq裬ò˰ɣ
ŵ⻰qһ¡
ˡ
Ҫϻһѣq趼ˣǶΪǹ¶ԼʱֻģԽһΪգСЩʱǵǳԸףֻˣĻô֥С£
ֲʲôҪӣΪְ𣿡qǿϻʱɵģһ̫͵ˣʱʱڳնһѶҲ
ϻȴЦˣqæֺõȰɽҲøĸˣһһΣѵýҶͬͬӣЦһɡ
ޣûƤûġ
ˣôûƤûˣϻͣ˰벽һѽסЩq裺Ҫǳ׽Ū㣬ǲŽûƤûq裬ҴЩ꣬ǱĽĺá
ϻϴξƺԣq軹ǵ
Ǵ֮ϻûΪֹҲûֳʲôһqֻ˵Ӵ¡ޣôһֱµˣqûֻĵ¡Ҳûжĵִ
q裬˽죬ǿɾͶǶʮһˣֳһꡣϻһСƫ͵͵ض볤ĿȣҾţôʮһ˶ûˣƽʱôףôᡭǶȢ㵱ӣҿ㡭
q
ϻҵ𣿡
ϻһ棺˺ܾˣһֱûҰѻ˵ڣһϣôꡣq裬ͬµˣҪΪҪΪҪΪҪΪϻδԹԣԽϣҵΪ㡣
㡭
˵ͻɣΪĸΪ¶Ǹ˽˴˵ˡϻЦˣһֱǰһһΪӺã򲻵úq裬ԺҲΪΪɡҲģһһã򣬲á
ˡ
qס


38 
²ʮ괺, ѵ֡
¶ϻqף飬˸еһСԺΪǵĻ鷿øиԺŵƽ, µΪһͬء, СͰ, ǡ·ƫ, չ, һʱš
ϻСӿ԰Ϳq˼, 벻ճɺ°
ֵǽҹɵúúǣ
Ǿǣ
פľǽڶҲյ˼٣һͬմմϲһϲơǴǺϻqģϳǿ˳ǳ, ҶǰգвҪϻȾ, ˽»ף, 걧úϡ
ϻΪɹϲ׵ֻɵЦˣϲ, 鼤
ϻС, qѽŮˣҹ, ɱèһҹ򴲵װֿʼ٩ϻ˵ۣﻰﻰqһġ
ӴСӻûؾͿʼƫϱ˰һЦг۵Ҳӵģ˵ôͿʼɫѣտɱֵԺ
ϻæЦġɿ˸˵ϲǣСԺ̫༷ȥʲôʱˣɹٻڸأ
qǱһԺ䣬ϴϴķϼͭǰ
Ҫæµз࣬˴ҪΪ£⻹ӹ̵׵ǹ뷿֮¡һ춼qߴţ⻹һοq躦ߵģǼ£Ů¶øԡЦˣ˵Ҷ̫ϳqˣ֮ǰÿڸÿˡ
Ӵһæʰ֬Цˣ˵ӶҪˡ
qҲЦˣ͸ͭ˶һۡ
˵ıʵƲƲ졣վҲû¸ɣҲû˸ҽ£һֱѾת󿴿ҿҲ棬Ҳ档ЩӼģЦӷҪŪĶɱ⻹ҪأҲƯ
涫ɵĴѾҲˣһ¶ɵıӣ˵ʱҪͿ֬Ĩ죡

ЦеΣ򴽡
ء
Яһһ
Եˡ

ʱѵ֣Ρ
ϲֵģҲϷࡣqŵĻδƵһ·εδ𣬵ĵ·ǵ㣬ۺ⡣ɵ˴ȥصĻ鷿СԺѾ˺þȲ裬ˣæ֡
ݼɹЦòá
ϻqϲӣɶһѾƣմϲЦÿָϯ˶Ժ£ǽҲƽʲôͱˣſɺã
Ȼã
ǸСڵӣȻǻʼ˸һڲҪʱ򶼲үӣ˼áЩҲӣ᲻ᣬԼѾ߶ܺãкóԵĺĲԼ𣬷ȫǣͼҿġ
ЦˣһߵϹܼҵȥ
һء

޶԰ݡ
ɡ
Ѱ˼ҵİʽһԲٰϲ²ûʲôͬͬԼߵĸϲҲΪǸˡϲ翪ʼʱΪҪȥСԺֻʣһѾš
ǶߵǸλһֱû
ΪİɣҲû⡣
ӣ¾һѾƣ
ϯտʼɹϻ𳯶ɶЦˣæҲԼǰľƱӿɱȶˣҹľƿأߵĴѾס
²£ִ⽫ƶ𣬿ϻտǴϲӣҺһأ˵մϲҲҸǰæˣȥļһȾƳԷɡ
⡭
ӶԸˣ㻹ʲôϻƵЦԼظ缸ǧģڣ㻹ӳ£ȥȥɾʹòˡ
áѾЦ˿ˣ𼸸ЩĸۣϲӣԵ˶Ȼ˼ֵ㺡
ɽЩϸڶУ˰ﲨɫҲӿů⡣ΪҲΪĵĴڣûˣ治֪ʲôģһܿ˳һžۣҲһ°ɣ
ӣ¾ϻطžƱһ񣺡Щ㣬ϻҲûнգӣ´ΪЧͣ޺ˣ
ϲ˵ʲôЦҹͺúõصqЧͰɣ㼸Σ
һЦֱ˵С󣬾Ҳ٩ϻϻŽһһãЦø
һھƳζˣԥȫ
һһһ˫ˣֻԧ첻ɡ
ɶһϯƳԲˣһֱŵ֣ԼҲЦǸҸļһǾƵ̫ˣûñ㿪ʼȫȣ߻㱡СԺ֣ûüֻ鷿أôиǣʶһֱϯлЦżƣôһСڡ
һȥɱˡ
ˣٺȥɾ͵ˡͻȻ˸ˣҲ˭ֻ֪ǸҺᡣôҶֵʱ򽫶ɲ뿪СԺֻԼѾߣҲûܾ
һ㸸˺ܶණһΪǹҲҼأ˭ֻ֪Ϊæûҹȥҷ·ˣҵǸСԺӡ
һ·Ŷڻߣɱͺ˾ƣѪͷĿѣæҪ£Ըٶһ
ֻˡ
úϡ硢ӡȣ
ѵĶɿ˱¶ײԴһͬ£ڶߡ
Ⱦơ
ɺ
ӡ̾һ
ǵһοɺ
Ϊʼ˾أӦȲľͷ״ô£ͷȻԺ˯ȥС˵ŻһЦôôɵ˾Ƹˡÿǰҵķ˿£̲סʣӦͦĵģֻΪһֱԸأɡ
ɡ
һʱ۾
һ¾ˣǾôĿᣬûɫˣһֱŶɵ۾ϵ̲סһֱ뿴嶫Ĺ⵽ʲô
ɡ
̲סһɵ֣Ŀԡ
ʹأĴ


39 С˼
ϻq֮Щ, ûͰˡĵЩʧ䣬Ȼ׼ԼҪҪɻϣûʲôʱڰǰСֹ, û˼д֡
Ѿī, óʱдһ, ɻ󣺡, ôһ䶼ûд
ķ, ˱ʡ
תһǺ̾һ
̧ͷһѾ, ɺȻϻq¡졭ϻqǻҵˣ
ǰҶ˵ľҵúܣƫƫţôࡣѾīȡһװεֽ, Ҳ֪ô߻طģϻΪʧأȥ, ڷ˯˵, ˶Цˣȫ֪϶ôصķ
𡭡ԼҲƬ벻ϵ¡ܾûô򵥡ƺ, ҲڣǾûпˣ
, ˶֪ġ⻰һʳ˶һãȻ, ƺûˣҲƭ
ˣˡ
̲סü
ѵһΣ
ӣа˸Сˡ
˭һ˷ܡ
̫ӵ¡
Ŷ
һߵqһ۶ɵʧ񣬲һЦ

ʳǶ̫Ӹ
ɻ۸ϵʱ̫Ӷ˳Ӷ鷿ﻥ赤ࡣ⻭ҲȤúܣ벻λֻˣЦ񣺡̫Ӹ磬֡
ɶˣȵһţء
ǣҿɲˣˡдܣ
һ£
̫ӵĸôã㳯е֮λ˻ദǢ϶һǾʱʷţʼҶճƵ۵ĹѪ˵ǧΪܵϸӻӵ֥СǹĶǣ⡪ֵܺܶôѹģҲ˫ȫ²ż汸ѵĸ̫֮£
ľð֮踵飬ֻϱɺ㣬˿һ޳ǸС
һοӮ˻ˣӶһëʣȻ󽫻̫ӣôôʱδһɣˣɵýӽ
㣬һξȻһ̫ҲԼĻתЦţƣҾͲһɫˣʵ£
ϻӡ
ǣ
עСȴ輫ߵıֻǶܰɡɿһǵĻȵط֣ȻһǶȻ滭ȴϬػһӵˣϸֲĸĸͨҲѹ˸ˡ
֮󣬹Ů̫滭Ĺһһ£ֲ˹Ϲһò衣
ЩѵѬҲѵϣ鷿һ嵭
ɶæʲôأĵһ裬ָ̫Ӷ˳һ
ҲûʲôһЩѰ£仯Ų裬ԼоɫŹ֡ҲûֱӶӣֻװʲôûǽ
̫Ӷһۣ̫ӵ鷿¡
̴ľ֨ѽһϣЩơ
ɶЩ㡣
ȿĿڡ
ɵҲţֻЦţ֪Ҫʲô
֮ǰҪʣ˵˵Եɡ̧ۿӣ˺ܾãܾǣҲС¡
пһ
ɶʲôŻء
㲻çײˣȴΪһ׮Լ޹صĻЩԴô룬ûô򵥡ӼɱտڲᣬԽʵϣ˽ĶɶةŮ鲻ܰ
ҡ̫סĻ
ӵⷬöһ벻³ç£ӿʲô벻Ϊ˽£ȥЩΪѣϣǱԼ̹׵Ľࡣ
סҡ
ɶҲСˣԼִ硣ǵֵģαҪΪء
Ϊɶ֣Բϣܵ˺ӽüضɣ˵ɶŮңϵռҹֻ»ڸ
ң
֣
̫ӸӶҪˡһæ˰סɬһЦ
벻˲΢ɶĵôܶ˳öλַˣɶɶֻһʱ²壬ģ˼
Ҳ̾һ
ɶֲ˵㡣ֻΪʼˣܶ鶼ǶŮ˽顣ǶΨһŮֻ·պᱻ޶ָ
ңҪ˵ˡ̫ļ磬üͷĵʲô򶫷ɵʱһ
ɶ
̫Ӹ硭
£㾡ȥɡֲ̫㣬Խո˵Щʵո˵ʱ߶˺ܾôԸء̫ѵЦˣһգʲô¶˻ϲֻҪֻҪﲻڣǾͻ֧㡣
ԣͷһ۵ᡣ

ฮ
ڼҡƵȥ桭ƵȥͰֳڼҡԶڼ￴̫ӸĹģЩۣЩ»ŵǰ̽ԶԼǰֹЩ⡣
߶ʲôأ
ˡԶæվЦųȥҲû߶ʲôֻǿֽֿʼЩְˡ
Ҳ̫ġ֣Сù鲻Ӧûʲô¡
Ը˰ɡԶ̾һ
ռ¹ļױ̨ǰ˫Ŀͣ񱻵ѨһһѾǰ򿪣һֲۣδϴȴɿĳ
еҡ
һۣǰЩԶ¡
ΣҲûȶࡣǾôƲס¡ЩգҲ֪ɻǲǵãֻǵˣᱻΪ˼벻ˡЩ
ô͡˰أ
ؼһСô죡
ɸòǼǵ°ɣȻôһֱûûûϵ˵ͿʼˣڹⲻȻǵһ䵭
ΪʲôûȾƶ˰ɰǸо񻹲
ޣʲôأ
Ҫˡ
С㣿һԵѾ߼ͻȻ㵸Щǡ


40 ø

С㡭
СѾЩʧ, ǵһο㡮񲡯ģ
ðӣôͷһڴСѾͷ֮ǰɲôĻŭŵı顭ǰҲǸңҶԹҲô

ͻȻԼԶɺüεС¹ײ
, ǿ϶ǲһġ
СѾ߹һ, е㲻˼
ʲô, 㻰, شҡ
⡭ŵЦЦ, ӡͦõİôС㣿
һϸ˵, ãһ
һãȻۿߵļýö˺󣬿ֻԼӦˡӡô࣬дʫửҴ˼, ڼӡҲÿ
มͷЩǰ
ȻŮң̧һ, Ѱ˼ҽεεС㡭, һֺܶصأЦˡԼҲԽ˵Խ࣬ϲļơ䶫, ñζ
ιιι, ղ˭ηη˵ģ
ôſԽԽ°
ǾرվǶ, Ųۡ
ˣƣɫã˱ˣеûĶҪ˵ˣզô໰еģǺϲ˶Զô⡣ǸľͷǸɵӣôôϲ˹һۣһٿ
æū澶죡С
ĺã
ǣ֪
ߡ
ԴſǰĹĵġ
ôôľͷӣ
ߡ

һԶ̫Ӱ»ƻֱӴһݰȥء
̫ӵӣ̫Ҫңее㲻ţǶԶǸЦӻ᲻ǼٵģϾû̫ӣʲôֶ֪ȥ̫ƽ޹ԼҸֲʶ̫ӡȥ
Ϊأ̫ӵµԶ˻ӣָһ̫Ӹǵ˽£û̫Լǵӡŵģм٣ʸֻܾܹԹԸ硭
ˣ
˼̫ӣ
Ŷﲻ𣬸ڻ̫ߵˡ
һأǳϵ⣬׸ˡӹӰζӣô̫ӵǰɣĴʶ̫Ӻ𣬼Ҫʲôһ¡ѽ𾴵̫ӵʲôʱǻ
ϼݱᱻɱͷ

Ű̾ȫû⵽ԶЦ
³ٻޡ
հдصǰھԼʱһӵʱ򣬵ִ˾ǽʯʨɽ֮¡
Ǿ̤ȥÿԼʯʨɽ쿴쿴죬ɫǧǴظһվɽһ˸㿴վԼǰĶɡ
ɣ
̲סһ
˵õ̫ôľͷӣ
ҲǾȵġ
㡭ô仰ʵ޶ۡش仰ôôŤüͷһ壬ЩιڿҺί𶫷ɣ
չ벻Ҫֱ䡣qСѡ
Ҳܣ
Щʯʨɽ࣬·ǵʱ򣬷׷עĿΧۡqعһۣ·ֳ˾֮񣬸ɢȥ
ɱǸһЦ
ûҲ˼ǿѹͷСϲֻճΣ̫ԼֻҰʱãûӰ
Ҳ̫Լ
㡭
һqͶﶼ˴š
̫ӵ¡ߣ
̫ӵҲ̫ˣԼǳԼˣûڵľƣûж롣˿²öþͻյ̫Ӹţ˵̫ӽ칫æһ֮ࡣ
ӣ̫Ӹˡ
˵͵
һžͻС˹ڶɺǰҾЦ˵̫ӵСǰ棬ճ˽ʯʨɽͲӻչˡ̫ӵ·ԸСתλϣÿġ
ŵĽڰ
̫Ӹߵ
ŵģ硪
̫ӳŻ˽šҲ̫ùˡҡҡͷͬ顣׼ɽؼҵʱ򣬶ס


Ȼ̫ӵϣÿġҲҪĺ⡣ɳЦʵЩСģǡɽߣ
ӷŵִڣǰļʶǰԼʯʨɽ¶ĳ棬ôʱ꣬ߵʯʨɽ»ǻ˶죿һΡʯʨɽٿضʱԼ
Ϥ
ǲǡ㣿ʡ
һ㶡

̫ӵ£ӺչѾɽˡ
õģȥɡ
ν˽ŵ̫Ӷ˳ö˶˵ھһҲ¥ϰɫСϺþ𣬺ǷḻԼ˹Цִơ˻ŵվæ֣̫ӵ£ʹá
־رҿ̫æֵ΢Ѳɱ¶ҵݰڵ㣬ôԼ
־ؾ͡ðˡ
ԶЦЩ
Ϊ̫ӸһĻţṩʲô˶Բߣܲõġ²̫࣬ο̫Ӷ˳ͲǲݰҪ˶ָ㡣ԶӺԺְΪ̫ӸĻţʵλʲ࣬Ψһͬĵطʱ̫¶棬ܱȴںԺĽĬĬǿ
ֻôҲ벻ԼһεõΣȻΪ
СõݰҲܽƲ˳С־ذǰҴæҾһƣ
á
ԶеͿ
Ϊʲô̫ҪѾ˼ӸأΪҪΪʲôֻҪɡԼаٰʣҲֻԼʳڡ
̫ġ
̫ǲԶɣƺ󣬲Цſڣɶ۰ãչҲ־۰ã˵־ӦΪֳϣίɣ
Ȼ
о֪ϼ۰ӵ£̫ӵĳ¼Ҳ䲻£ͬ䶯ǳ޶Ҹ֮࣬ô£˵̫簮áô˵Լӳ趫ǲʵӳˣû˸Ҷࡣ
Ȼ־飬ҲضܶĴ㡣ҿɲͬͬⰡɶǶҵͷ⣬չĿֵˡΪɶ᲻ãҲҪá̫һƣĿͻȻԡ
Զһ£æֵͷ
ԵԵΥ̫ӡ


41 ֽ
ʯʨɽ, 塣
ɻǵһʯʨɽһǳʱһʯʨɽֱ𣬶ɾûлعطǾáɡƢ, ôʯʨɽܣ
ʵ֤, Ĳ²ûд
ѽˡôôԶ, 𡭡
ʱѾ, ͲûֱһʯͷЪϢȻƽʱ, ҲûôķĽĿһ̧ͷȴǵطŲֽ, ֵֽݺύ䵽ϣڸ
̲ס̾һ
ÿ
ʯʨɽϣһƬԭ
ʱʯʨɽ̤ˣǱŷֽմףֽǰƽͣ󰲸һʽǻֽ𰾺, ˭ֽܽŵøߣǸҲԽáЩطԷֽΪù˵ַֽɵø߶Զʱж, ôһù˾ͻȥ, Ҳ
ɼȤģͷֽС̯ƴߺȣĵ뷨
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ɱ̯λϰڵֽλۣһʱҲ֪ѡĸ
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ϲĸqЦʵ
ԡ
šqһ»ǮͳһݸСǾͶһɡ

ŸǰվôһȺˣе˵
룬ҪֽȺˣÿ϶һģʲôʽһ
Ҫֽ𣿡
š
Ҫֽ롣
Цˡ
á
˵ֵʱͬʱȺһơҲǼ飬书ǿ벻ǻǷֽĺ֡վԭһ죬ۿѾĴɢǸץԼֽʹṦԾ˼һ֣ӯֽӭҡҡλεط졣
ʮֻֽһͬĳ
ǵһμ
ͬˣӼķַֽ棬һӱȸԾϲõϡôأôõ𣿡ܸˣϻ̲ס߶䡣
ŬŬ죺ǼȻҵķԸ£ôǷֽҲǺй涨˵Ṧֽ𣿡
ҲǹƤģȺһۣͻȻ鵽q裬һʱ֮ͱסˣ쿴qֽأǸģȤ
ƼˡҲЦֻqһۣعվڵƱȶɸߵλϣһۣġ
ţ
ɵԺͻȻеĻ档
ú棬qı̫ȤˡֻſűЦȫȻûԼ·һ˼С
ضɵʱŲԼ۾
ɸֻֽ𰣬һֻտķˡ
С˵Ǽֽңü˴գԴıʽֽӣÿ죬ǼֻֻˣҼ۸񶨵úܸߡɽµֻһֻˣС˵ֻ˵˶ԵˣشһƵ죬ףԸܵף֡
ɺϲֻ˵ĺ壬Ҳϲֻ졣
Ȼˣϲץֻֽˡ
ʵɡץֻֽЩ֪룬ûŹֽ𰡭ᡭ
ɳ֣Ļҽ㡣
סˡ
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δԹָо
ͺСʱʲôܸɵ±үү佱Զ˳˼۸ȫǡָоǱЩ»ҪøˣĪأĵ׾ӿһϲŶɵʱϲǱ鲼ȫ
ͻȻ׽
ɻ˻֣ô
ɣ
⧲ģͻȻ˶һӵɱŵˣһӦָ߾ֽ𰣬⶯ڴ³ֽѹ
ôֽһۣеͿͻȻ
ң
ڶɶߵЦ˺һ˵һ䣺ϲɰ
ţһӺ˶䣬е塣˵ɶ
ޣ˵ڶ飡
֣ŷֽܿˡæȥ⿴ԼŵЦգĵů
ϲɰ
һ仰崺硣
ӽЦ濪ġ
ǰ
ġֽ𰡯ŶһЪϢһɺԶֵôģ̾ӸչĸãǰûЦôģԴչ֣ӾǱ˸ˣء
ͶԵȻһqڶɵС˼֪˲ҲôǿСӵȻˣûѹʱ򰡡ССͣ̾ģôۡ
q㿴ֽˣ
ˡ
㣬˵ʱ򣬻Լĺÿһˡ
q֣ſţ۵һʪ
ûɵĵᡣ
รˡֽԽԽߡһ·СųqqۼֿĨϵᣬһЦ
q裡ɳһ֣ؿҪ˵
ôˣӣ
͵͵ظ㣬㲻Ҫš
ţ
qҲ
˵ϲҡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ˻ΪС죬ɵģͷϻ߳һϸЦģüдϲãŮҵĽȫӳϡqЦˣӹһӵĸɾëͬӿɵðջᣬˡqΪÿոݰֱӾչס°ɣ
ãСˣ˻ͷ
ܵһĥ䣬ԼҲ˹ֻֽ𰽻һˣǻṦֽˣӦҲ׷ϡŶɶȥЦÿɻ󣺡ʲôȤġ
รǰqԺչ
ûûУɼæʲôû˵أ
顭
з۾϶ҡq㣡˵Ҫ֪
Уq費˵
Ҳܣ߿㣬ҲҪq˵Ļ
ԣ
СôΧqһزq裬ֵҲŹЦ
ˡ
٣qҲЦúܿİ


42 
ฮ
, С㣿
һ㣿

ǸβеˣŪһ¡
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Ӵ, Ưֽ𰰡ԶЦ
ү
磡
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Ȼ̫ӽһ춼һ
ϷҪȫɲ֪еۡ
㣬̫Ӷû, ˵·˽ˡֻ򵥽һ䣬ֽתƵ𴦣㿴ǽϵķˣôòÿ
ԶЦЦ
һֻƯֽ𰡣
Ȼ󵽡Ҫǽϵĵز
ÿ, Ҽÿֽ𰡣ԶǷֽǰⲽ, ֻˣȻ̫ӵû㡭Լһɽֽ𣿡
Цòá
꣬Ҳʮˡ
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ϲõϣ͸еŮ̬
ΪСӦܸɽ쿴Զˡ
-᲻ãҲҪá
̫Ӷ˳Ļڶߡ
ԶͻȻе㶮˼
硫Ҹ㽲ô࣬ôĵԶ䣬Զüͷ㻰ء
ղʲôԶǸһЦ
˵Ժܲȥ氡˵֪Ǹ御ˣҺúýѧһ¡Դ磬ȥҲʱǱ͵ɣ
Զզࡣ
ѧ壿
Ǹڰɡ
Զɿࣺɵøүүе˵һšض࣬Ҫȥˡ
Ҫúñ֣в̤۸˼ӡЦҶᱳˣ硣
ħͷ
ԡ

ʳǡ
ʵ۶հ糯ĵط֮ҴҸ̫ҽԺɫ̫ҽԺ˼ʵˣ׷ͣеĹһأ̫ҽԺ֮׺ҽǸ׵Ϻĥҩɼʵˣһ
μϣꡭ
ҽڣ
ʵһ͵˺ҽ
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Ϣŭҽְݡ
ʵۿ˵ġ顯֪˲ࡣ
ҽӦ֪֮ˣ⣬мһҽҽʮ꾭ϵǰȻ̫ҽԺʱ䶼Ϊ¶æµֻǺǽҩʹҩݣھ;һŲ֪ʵҲƺҽ˷׼Ϣ⴫
ϡҽ¶ɫڵԴǻѾ£Ѿ˰ϣȡ
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ʲôҪ£ҽҲ췦
󲿷˶֪
ϣ尡ҽ̧ͷݺ᣺ǰӣ̫ҽԺӵҩģš黺Щʱ䡭
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ޡҪǻ
ҽһʱҭס̾һ
ʵܷǶ
ֻǻʵ۶겻Ը
뿪̫ҽԺ·ϣʵ۵ĲüͬʱҲΪء󣬵һξʹܸһȵĸܡǰõģɱˡԶףԼ¿ࡣڣ̲ס̾ˡ
һξãӵ¸λӣԭҲֻһΪķˡ


ʱչһͣǰǶȥոӭĳ˲ҺһֱӴܵԺ䡪ʱȲ̸ģߵġ
үӣչˡ
ЦúͰ
һμŵʱżˣһȵҪˣһ˵Ķ¼ûкøô죿ֻЦòõĶһЦ͵ӣһ㳯һָɶŰɡ
ǣѵôɡ
ܾ֮һֱЦδ·кܴȤһֱСأãǲ˵
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ع֪Լʧ̬ЦΪпԼŮζؿڣǰɶйԼ˵ɶҵǼˣչǲ
Сﶼһã
ɶ
˶һۣɻ⣬˼ڤ֮²żԼ붫Լ˵Լ˸ôôȻ϶أԽԽߣһӾͺŲ֪ûشʲô
Цˣչ֪Ƿͬ
еԺͬʲô
ǡ˶٣Цɶ˵㼫ã˵һԺúദѽ
ϻү˼װ
ǿ϶ͬģɿңѲһҪ𣿡ҲЦˣ͵طԼԴǲæָĿڣүĪСŮһʱ
þнҲЩչֱֻڿ죬Ըˬҷϲءһ߿佱һֳŶɼüŪۡǱ飬ƺ˵۹ⲻ
֪飬Ц̡
뿪Ժ·ϣɻǺ˵Ȥһ·գɽҲҲ°죬һֱԴŲȣ˸ɣʲôأ
ûСӶ䣬Ҹͦϲġ
ǰЦˣּһֱ٩Դװ
ССֹϱ̣ʲôóԴ׵ġ
ţ


43 
û, û˵ɶ
ղ˵ʲôϲҪӷ⣿

˵ˣںͷq趼ͷӴҵ죬ƺСӸչΪɶܴˡƽʱ춼һϰq̲סѣչûһжϲҪӷ⡣
ϱ, ϱ̣
q趼涫˵һˡ
มЦûûΣǿˣΪڿ˵ء
, ȥ̨q
š
˵, ǽڡ
Ȥܴ, öϰ, ʱСҲǻһģֻ, ºض͵ӣˣȡʤԶͶɱˣ֮£κһίģӮԺ
Уɲܹߡ
Ϊ˴ӡΪ˾ϰԡӡҺ롣
, ɸˡ
һ֣ؿŵڰееźӣŻ
ǡ
, λöǵá
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۸ˣ
Ҳ۸㡭
Ҳܣ
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ţ
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ǡ
ϻһ·ԸѾ£һ·ͤδߵǰ㿴Ͷɴֵĳ棬һǶ˵һ䡮Ұˡţһ䡮Ҳ͡

һʱûߣѾչز
ϻֱ˷ڡ
õĳҡ
ĸܣõġ
Ȼ˼˵黰ܲϻʵ°ݣӣϻԶԶر㿪ʼԡСˡ
ϻզˡ
ϻۼ⣬ź񿴵ǣС֡
·үķԸǰϻ񣬡ּ˵Ǵ͢ûˣذԱĺƿء
ԣǴķס
ʼҼԱԶڴҰ̣ʱĲԳǲһ̶ȵؿҰ޷ܣƽյԷԻǵϰߣΪ˸ڶǰɺԤҰ޶Ϯˣʱȴڸطߣóʡ
ȥ궬նӻصƤݣһĳɹ
ƿüƿ뾩·أôôԶˣǸȥô
糯ȥˣδڣǶɺοԼȥ֣
ү˵Ȼȥģͬʱϣ⼸ʰһװʱһչ䣬ֻҰ¹ϻЦ
Ұ¹ɰ˰֡
ӡϰ
ӵöԼš

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ȥ˴ǡѧô
ȥð
ͻȻҲˡ
ѾԸȥ׼ˣǲ֪ûжҪģУ»ʾдӵݵүǰȥ

͵һۡ
չӡ
ȡ

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Ȼʮ첻ܼɡ
ھͿʼѹ
ˣ˵ÿأûȥʲôĹĵԺߣ;һ֦һ·޴򡯻ȱϵĻܡˣƭˣõСƭӡ˵ĻǶԼģʲôֻáǼٵģתͲǵˡ
ľͷɣҪսƷ
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žһ£һ仨

ˡ
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ɣɡ
Ʋ·ߣૡ
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ʲôʱôҪˣ
ҲҪô

߲
֪ĸܽǷ򣬾һֽŽฮֽ˼֦һɼֽƺ֣ɡ
ʲôЩɻػܡûѽġֽĿŻֽϣԥŽͰ͵ֽչ
ƿ뾩һ·̣ƿ뾩ǵվͨţһʱܴھʱܸдţֻҪĶҵţʱұˡλͷдһС֣
ⲻһ⡣
ӡֽϵ֣̲סЦ
ҲŲҪأԻǼţжаСı֪ˣ˵㲻ԣںƿʮ죡аţ˫ȴڲͣƽֽϵۺۣظһһ飬ۺ۹ʹֽ
ɵɵˣдͦÿֹţֽֽ˴
һԼȳ׷
һھǵдŵģɱѽ˵õһ⣬Ҿÿ
Զฮǽͷ¶˰ӰѾֽȥһۻˣһǵһɽֽţ桭ͬ̾


44 ƿ
²ʮĩ, ʵЯԱ
ݴϰףʵ۴ûй涨ʱأĽжһһ, һ, ȫƾʵ顣ʵ۶꼴λ, һΪ, һξϻش⾰, Իʵ۽⣿
͸ʵ˼еĹԱҲûж, һųӳˡ
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, ʱдţͲּŤŤÿ𣿡q涫һϻһӳ֮, ɱëֽſһĥż, ǵ·дС죬Ҳдһ仰
ŤŤЩҧëһͷΣҴӦ, д, ¸վܽͳѽ˺ôһī
qЩЦã, չš
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Ϊ˼˺ܾá
Ѳû飿ԧ׵ˣ
Ϊˣ¸үΪءŮ˽顭ȲҪ񡣡qࡣ
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үﻰȻϻЦŻӦּܺ˳ʼԣæһˮɫǡүɵСӡ۳Ͷ٣ֻ˸ĺƿҹȻ
΢΢һЦһˮ
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á
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ƿ
Ӹյִƿ죬ԼةЯͬ¹ԱʿڳǰʮغΪ˲ʥݣةǰֵϡһлʵ٣̫ӼС
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š
Ұɣ㴦Ӵ󷽵֡
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Щȥɡ
תȥӱ㽫żߵĹǡոûб䣬ֻŷһۣ㳷֣˽
ӣ湫һؾô
ӳһǣɸ׵ƥ̱͵ةฮϣӼս

ظ÷ϣʵۡ뿤ؿة̸Ҫ¡ҲǼǵĻ̫͵ȥŻصϣ˽ŲԼǡ
⻰ƿˣ
ںƿ߰꣬ҲǰлԵʶ˴ˡϷģǽɴˣضܴ׵ֻǳðһ䣬ϿԸɴһԣ
ΪԪ£޲黳Щ
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ūŲμӣ
ҲΪһ˲ͣ˻⣬Ĭһ˲˴ڼЩʲôҰޡ


45 ľ
ฮ
үӼż
, á
Զӹţеͷ
˵ӣôķø㱨սһԶӺԣϼ, Ѭ, ڵԺӶȥûд˭, û˵˭, ֻһӼԶżҴ, ˼Ҫ£Ϊ͸үүĽҪء
ã
ԶҲ, ̤˷䡣Ӵ̨Դߣ֡
٣ڸء
ֻ̨ϰһϺõѩƤݣ죬ȥնǼԶعһֿůƤ, ȻʧЦãⶼˣʱ䴺һɾ͵, ӷѩƤëɶأ
, ȥʱҾŪˣûʱ䡭ѽŸԶ˵ָϵѪðһ, εѩëϡ
ѽ
ƽ׶һ, ôǺá
еͷۡ
ˣŵġԶЩ¡, ļӼżȻûд˭ܽýŻûҲֻˡԶһߵһߵ죺͸黹Ӽǡ
ţ
ûɶ
ʱӦѾִƿ뿪·ľдУﻨ㣬·ұ֪׼εˡ֪տϰɱҽ̸Ĳֳ壬Ҳ͵ˣˡ
һ룬ȴȫڡʲôţһԵؽ£ûص㣿¿ȴ½кôһīһǣҲֱһҳ
ͻȻòϰ뿪

дˣ
ץֽȥûʲô
ιɣνžˮôֽʣܿϧֽû޷ش⡣̫ˣˣȫǷңҵšСħԿǶֱð̣ٿһţ̾ԽԽŨ
ץһֽǺ֣һɷ衣

һлСѾ߱Ŷ롣
Ск£
ţȥƿһֻĸؿأ˵Ҫתӵġ
á

ƿ
ںƿһҹִǳǰǶһֳǰƿҵɫʱ򽨵ģȦ˸Ұڣݺḽɽعﲩáֳ͢ʵƿǲ֪ΪΣʵ۽ѡ˴˴
ϣֳѾ峡ϣ
á
ֳִʱĴƮٱì彣أһ¡ڿϣɽ·ɫ԰ףܲס;档ʵԼֶŮӣصذһСӹٱӪϢеļͬУһЩθڵҩš
ɹлʹqӪȥˡ
ϻҲȥɡһߣָϻšϻЩ⣬ɻһֻۣ˵һ䡮ҪҪ¡
ϻæ
Ҳǿˡʵ۲ԭسĬãд˸пԣǻͷһЦڣͬΪ˸Ӧҵ顣񵹲ǿңֻǿɶ
ɶʵ۶˶٣ں
ʲģ޲øΨһֶŮժժֻҪˣζܸ̱档ֻǿϧֶŮǰƽոûʲôҪ󣬵ʲûطʹҲüӷ⣬õĳ谮޴š񡭡ʵһԼֵܣҲӿ𼸷ֱ֪Ǻá
ֵܶ˶ѹʮǹӣʮꡣ
ʵ»ЩڣԼӦ缸ؾģǵȵǰһҹλء֮ڤڤжɣʵʱ̫ɱ¾
үܿۡ
֡ͻȻһᡣ
ڡ
ʵۻعӦޡֶûá
Ťͷã˵Ԫ´ǣҲ࣬Ψһġɶպ󣬻֡
һỤһӣֻҪһţҵĶӻš
˵ͷ
ջս˻ʵ۵֣
ʵһֻϡ
ܵܡ
л֡

ֳӪء
ֳλڸɽ֮ϣɽҰľ¶¶ƫ͡ɽӪ֮ӷۣͻȻͣϢǽƣ۸зŴһ˼Һq輰ʱȻ׼ˤĽų졣
ӣû°ɣ
ϻĵһĻqŶɵĻ档Ϊʲô£һʱУ޶ûüźãԾߡ
ɼЩжǵڶӦǺɣϻ⼸һڸ£׼ʼôϻҲǰţô
ûУү˵Ҫ飬ʱҪź򣬱µߴšϻqһͬӪʣãæµȥȡ豭ӵ﷭ҲҶɾôؿæǰæͻȻǰϻźӣ뵽ԼԸq谵
ʵϻһǶҡ
˵ףĸҪؿƿؾٶֻΪҲѹ˵ڡǶϻǼΪġ
ֻڲǶԶɶԶѡ
ӣǸȵĲɣϻͷ
š
ɵ˵ͷ
qվһ£ϻæûͷҲȥ֮֡ٿǰϻŵˣϾϰqǡִйʱϻһֵؿq裬ΪԼˣǵżķˡ
ʲôqʵ
ûûûϻһЦΪţû̿յ֡
ͲСĵ㣿q赱ȣ϶ȴϻʰо֣ˮŵ¯֮ϡϻһۣ˵㲻Ǿү߸ôôַ˲٣ǰˣ
㣬үþûȲˣճˮϻʲôæ˺仰
Сٶ⵽ˡ
ӣ
ٱͻȻ˶ɵ˼
һ⾩Ǵż˵ǽġһٱ߽Ӫֽ£ȥˡ
һŵ죬ȻǳʱĳĬ
ϻq̲סعͷɣȴüͷڿ˼ʲô⡣ϻæq˸ɫȥ̽̽ڷ硣
ҳ㻹ʲô
ˣϾһĹңһˣʵڡ
ˡ
ӣô𣿡qʵ
̧ۿֽ޹q趨һȴֽѵдĸ֣
ģ


46 Ѿͷ

ԺĴ, á
ɡ
žɫӳ컨
ˡ
롣
Ƕ뿪ǵĵ졣
Ӽսٶ㣬Ӧյķˡڴ̨Զ̾һ֪Ϊʲô, ܾؿڷ, ʲô¶᲻𾢶ÿÿԶԺ, ܻһЩ, ûô, ǲǡ̫ûгŵԵʣ
С㣬ô, Ҫ𣿡
ˡ
˵ԼЩ쳣ڶѾҲоõ
СѾͷҲ֪Ϊᡣ
иر顢źЩӵѾߣߡǸϷˣǰסڵ, ƶԼ߸Ѿͷոҵȥ, ˸, ͽߡ
ƽ¶ܽԼ޹ص鶼ǵ鷳սʰʱ򿴵飬еһӦСʱ򿴵ǸÿڼǰδĴ梡
Сʹ, ǳš
˿һȻ, Ҳ˵ֻͷ¡
, С⼸նѻģҪүǿôѽ߸ľ߳䣬мλϸߵѾ߳͸ġ
һֵۣͷȥȵĺľˡ
˵С᲻ǲˣ
޶˶˵ģôᲡҿСģĽᡭֻǲ֪Ϊˣ
ѵΪӵģ
š
Ѿ߶϶Χ˰죬ѾƼһֱԱ߲˵ߣȤЦˣѾͷ͵ǽô
޹
ûУ˺ܾˣֻûƼҡû˵û
˺ˣֲҪ㣬ôʲôѾǶЦˡѾһۣ񴿳һʵͻȻЩ档ָָ߽ʵСʳƲ֣Ƽ
Ƽˡֱ
ȥСⷦΣѾһü
ݹ£Ψʼҹ͢Ϊɭϡ
˻ʼ⣬һģĴ˼ȼƶҲǳϸฮ˵ѾСڶ࣬ոӵĵλŵҲͬǵϵãŮң򳤱谮ܵչԶͬضۣѾҲŵȣֻΪ׵ļѾߡչ˹ӵӲܿӸǰ߶ѾСˣĶǴعӷ߶
ڴ֮ǰǸⷿͨѾߣҪ²ڡ
ֽѾ߸ȥⷦʵһΡڴѾ߿ֻǿߵĺӣһʵ˵һЩǼ˵⣿Ǽصظߴһݲ衣
Ҫȵͷţ
ţѾͷ
ޣá
߶ϸ»ЩãԸߣδӰ졣СȥõĲˮһգյ͸ɫ
С㣬ò衣
⵽ͱͬԭԶعͷһۡͨɫЩڣȻֲ֡е죬ֺв֡˰Σʣ㻽
̧΢΢һЦūߣǶѾͷ
ߡѾͷ
ֵĻƺΡ
ม
ֻͷû
С㣬ôȥԺĻɾͲˡߴӽŵ²յҲֻǿһۡΪתע߹˵һЩڻϵĻҲعͷһ⡣ЦˣָָĻ˵С˰գ뻨ӣЩԲѲ磬ȻҪлˡ
һԵЦЦ
ѾͷǺܻ˵
ūҲֻʵʵ˵һۣûôȴѻ˳ȥС㣬ū˵ǰʱ䣬Ϻ͹Աȥˣ֪Сû˵أһְɣ
ᵽ֣һ¡
ֻһ˲䡣
ǰɡ̾һ
˵ѻһڡô¼ĳŮӣǲҲһԺ߶Ů֮Ӳ˽⣬ֻϡǵСʱڼԼ梶Խģʱ⾭̣˵Ļڶھ̻Խ뿪һ𣬴梾ħÿһʱպ˲ˣһʱϴ·ϴӶһ鲼ΪЩϸڣ߲Ű¼ס˵׼ˡ
߾ãʱĴ梲ࡣ
Ҳ񣬳ճմ˻һô
صʱ򰡣Ҳ߶˵֡
С㣬ȥƿôͷ
ѾǶãΪӵƲ֡Ҳ̫ˣǷСôãѵӵѾȥôߵǾʧйءɴҶû룬ϾӿСáȻӸͷСߡټӺոӸԼҲٴˡ
ǴӸǼС˵ģһΪСӸ鼫ãʤƽá

̧ۿ
ƿ뾩ôԶȥ𣿡ЩϤۣ˾ǴӴ̨ˣŽŲڵ̺ϣȻӾͺˣӵĻҾͿԵܣҪڷƿҲȥġ
˵ܸһҰء
ڵֻܰͰ͵š
СС߸ۣ
ѾͷѾͷǰɣ
š
ҵǺټڸǰµµôѵЦˣ򷿶ѵҿһЩףƺҲûôˡ
Ӧ˵ū澲أ㲻һСЦˡ߻Ӧǫ
˵ҲܲأҲС㲻һҸ˭ЦˣϷһ߲֪λش𣬱ֻ˵һûࡣˣ˺ЩĹ뷿ѵЦѾǶ⣬ͻȻŵЦҲһʯظ
ѾͷȤҵˡ
ΪСǣūȻˡ
ŶĻ˼㵹˵˵ʲôǡ
Сǻǿŷ񡭡ߵЦˣ˵Ƕ˵˼أǾģԹѾƶ뷨
ûɵɫһ죬ֱգۡ
аˡǸʲôҸʢĻͷˣҲݺݵ˦ǼһһơѾͷ˵һĸˣ
һ˼
һŻڣˣںƿϴأô


47 ֽϻ
ฮ
ҹѶ, ԺϨ˵ƻ𣬵˸þ޵ʱڷź򣬻ǰ˵Ҫȥ͸С˳׵һѾߣ˼Ӻ͸, ȥ, Ժúú๫ּ, ںͷ¡߾ô, Ҫ˵û˶ʼǼٵ, Ǵֶ֪ź򣬹Ҳûжٻ
ڷҹĵһ, շתߡ
Ϊ֮ǰһ仰
-ˣںƿϴأô
仰Ƕɢˣٿˣȥ֮˵Ѱ˸ֺܽ黳, ǺΪʲô߻˵Ȼ󣬲ǺԼ顣ˡѵָô
һü
ϲһ棬ϲɷ, ϲɡǰŮ, ԣҲôѵ˲ָŮôһҹûа߼ףֱʱѾ˯΢ʱһǳ
ˡ
ߵ, һʱͷ
汻˵ˡ
ҪȻ֮ǰΪʲô͵װɣ
ѭ˷Χ֮ǰѭ, ˼֮£ڱɫδۡ
С㣡ţ
ΪһҹûкúϢ, ռǿ̨ǰװʵġΪҪ밲Ҫ밲Ҫ밲ǰơش˯ȥˡŵʱеֶǰһ¼߲ڣŵؿš
ٺٺ٣ѾͷڣҾͷĺܶˡ̲סЦ
ǶɼĻؾĵš
ڰѶɵż˻֪ǲΪꣿԳһղŵŵʱͻȻЩسʱҲ죬ǻ᲻ؾʱҲˣ̾һֽ̯ϸϸ
ֳ߾ɫܺãȻںͷϢ죬ɢʱҲܸܵƬط羰ˡ֪һ¸вȤҿֻģˣҲԼϳϧʵǰѹٷһҳּͷдһ䣺ҹεˡ
ͷ˳Լһļԡص㡯
ֽ˸ۣϸʱһȤĵط
ΪдҳֽʱһҳīδɰɡֽҲڽϱģ׾ͻӡһ𡭡ֽеĿɿڴ˰ŷɺϣպһƬ
ҹεˡ
ŴԼһʱߵ
ľͷдŵʱܲܺúüݣܲܵīټţ֪֪Լ֮ٻɺܴ᣿Ѷ˸Ѫͷ̲סһֽѽѽѽƨʲôȥˣ
˵Ҫ˵ľͷ
С㣿
ҾҪˡô˵ûУ
С㣿
߾ôЦߵ֮ࡣҪعֱض᲻᲻˼ӣǲ߿ˣƽ֮¶Ÿ߽ڷѾ˵Ĳˮ
Ѿͷȥˣ½ʱѾŲˣҲղʧ̬Ǻܸ䡢ģ߸ɿһӦū澷ȥ׼СˡС㣬⼸ϲθڣ
šֻɨһۣרѩƤݡ
վһ߿죬о̾ҪǷƼ־ٶ治ڵװġԼһǶȿˡ˵СյĵǼٵģֻһֻֽϻһ͵
ͻȻƳһۣԴɱ
Сæ𴦡

ƿظۡ
ĻˣٹԱÿģս͹ˡڴҲвУǿ˼ֻҰѼ˿һ󡣲ֵ֣ʵ۶ĳ£ʱԭƻǰһٳӣջؾ
ڶɶԣĶ»
q裬ǲǾͲдˣһ϶ãſհֽһֱڴϹȥЦݲáqҲЦˣ̲ס٩ӰڿǡԼϱϡߵСϻҪϱ
ޣʲôϡʲôСһؾ죬޷޲ƽʲôʱ򱻹ˡлУֲҵϱɱ˵ҪǱ˿ɲá
ӴιӰ֮ǰϻأ˵үչʱӾĸŮԽԽϲı⼸仰ҿүǰͲõǰɣq跴ò棬˵¶ǣǵöɺúáֱ桯ʵԣֻ˵նҪؾˣģɻȥ
qʼ硣
аɡˣȻȵո
˵
ɳһֽš
Ӷɣصĵһ±ǵﻻһɾͷȻ󱼸ոqһһ벻ŶӴӵĵһ¾Ȼǻһ·ǸСﰡq軹û̾꣬ɱſԶȥˣǽý֣ʹʱȻͬ
˻q°˼ôӣȻΪչôлˣ¿ɵøֽ
ھֲۣ緢
ҹ˲࣬Ҳûн㡮Υ桯ΪءڿͻȻЩ鼤ԺԼֵģҲ֪˼Լ᲻Ὺģһдšġͷű㶼ǡġû
óóȻã᲻ᡭϼ
ţٶҲΪⲽһɲ
ˣôô嶯˹ɰûڵشһԴعȥq裬ҪһдһȥոȻɣ˵仰ð죬û˻Ӧſ󿴣ŷԼͷһ˶ûС
q衣
̫
СЩ˼
ԺūȥС㣡
á
岻ĶɣӲͷƤոûֱӴҵةԼնǴƫų֣ǸСˣԼȥ飬ȻСؽոţͥԺ
δԹվ˶
ʲʱûԹôš
һˣáվźֹϰʱʲôԼ˵ʲôϰ˺ü飬ԳһΪİ汾ΪñȽϡףѾߵǰˣҲûв
ɣ
ţ
һ˲ػꡣ


48 
һղ, ˼֮
ʮղ
Ҫˡ
ɾôɵɵؿͻȻֲʵξϾҲվڻƵ, ɤӿ, ߽һ
ȴסļ硣
ţ
ô, Źվڱλ, ҹɫ谵, ʹ˿ı顣ƺûʲô, Զ˵ʱЩ֮ǰܡҹ䣬˻ȥʱڶܻ԰ɣ㻹Ȼȥɡ
ͻȥЩã, ҡ
Ŷû
ϿǲǸϵе磿
С㣬Ҳǿˡ
ͻȻһɶһ, ŷиѾͷͷɹ, ȻЦݼӡʵС˼ոޡ
ع۾ɵͭ塣
ֻС㲻˼ڣ³ײû˵˵رѾͷ, , ĸһĵ׾ӿһ嶯, ޲ðظҹ΢Цţ̧۳ԺŴƺιԶӰæֽл١ү
æѽ롣
Զ˽㳯

Щľ
Ѿͷɱҡ
үֱתԶ΢ЦСոҹǲ֪θ֪ǱߣЩΪѡҲԼǰδӡ֮⣬ҪԶæ
ԶĻ˼ĵû¶˴ӹȥˡึˣ¹ٲμӡЩ˾֮񣡶̫м˵ĸоˡ
ﻢ¡
Ҫ˵ðɣôֺܾ̫ãҪ˵ðɡǶǸ˯ͷδüʰѲҪ˯Լ𡭡ƳһۣѽѾͷô㻨ӣַҲó
Ѿͷ
Լ˯ɣ
ˡ
ҡ˯ĶͻȻʵ
Զһ뿴ǻشһģһıѾá
ˣԭضš
ߣ

һʱɴձ
ղŴҴææϴӣЩЩֻԼۣ㱵ϣڷеš
ޡ
Ǵ顣
ҪǷе˻ر˵ǱѾӣɵĹƻţֻһʱ嶯áô͵ҪҹĵزɻԼӦ޵ϸڣ뵽ǸšѾͷ
ʲôšӺסѾͷѾͷϡϣ
ߣ
еҡ
ССġ
ڷȱõͻȻˡѭȥֻѾԡţֱһѾŵסιغáֻǶɵֻ߲ڶˮΧµˣǸһЩʪմˮԡŵǡ
ȥ֬۵òƺûж𣬷Ϊԡʱմϵˮ飬Ե˽ӶҪˣһ˲ŻߣȻá
ӣӡ
СЩ񲻶
ˣǶȥɡ
ǣС㡣
һ˿ʳۣһ۶ĶɣݸһЦǶ䲻䣿ϱȽůͣǶȥɡ
áɵӵؿһۣȻջŲȥԭûôִ٣ֻǿģǿ޴ʱĪһȡܲ˯ĵطɣѲɷЩ̣ã񲻺ϡ
˽ϳۣͻȻ֪ȥĶ
ȥһ˯
еֵֹġ
-С㣬ū澿Ϊ밡
߷Ż߶

еͷ
Ѫôѹͷ£ʱ䷢˱һߵ塣ôѵÿôһ¡Ѫ̧ۿ
ƽʱдģֻԡʱժȻҹߡһ߻شһ߳ȥҲʶȤԼǽߣڳλø
ƽҲһֱţϴӵʱժ˯ʱִȥȻһЦһѾĺĺɫƽν˿˳ȥһȵƽ
ʶ࣬ûŪࡣ
ĸң
˽ԳԷȥߣĿԡ
ԡ㡢Ѭ㻹޵ĻһŨࡣضĺڵͻȻǰ⶯Щҡɵô
е¡
Ϩƣ˯ˣ򶫷ɵš
ҹ
ٷӱҹһʫ裬˼⡣벻ΪʲôЩҹ˯ţôɧдʫ衭ҹڱһ˵ĺʱͻȻ򵽣˲Ϊʧߡ
˼
˶һۣŵϵ嵭㡣

รġ
ôˣ
ʵ
ûУ㡭û˯šЦˣͻȻֶһ˯ߣƺҲûôϰߡŲһλɿȴˡ
ι

ʲô
㲻ǲλ˯ô
ľͷ
ɴ෭ȥЩôûһͰͰ͵ΪԼء̾һԹ߶èһǲң뿿ңֺοôˬشӦޡ
ĪǱ̨棬޴ѡӦߵ飿
һ
ﻰ뿪Щ죬һֱšﲻҲ˵ôλεء
Ǵʲô
ɹһճյЦˣ˼ҹΡ
Ŷ
ķӦеĮ
öЩܴ
ںƿʱ򣬱ʲһҰ¹ġһֳҾͲȻӪЪϢˡЪϢ죬Ӳ΢һ㣬Ȼȥתơ
Ŷ
Ȼ󰡣qȥҰѼˣûƿҰѼˣһ֧䴩ŷɼ£
Ŷ
ұֻҰѼա
Ŷ
Ŷ̲סüǷѽδŶɱһһػ䣬ȻԼ
˿̫ʱ
һӱҲӲŲ֣Լǰٵغš
Ҫôɵӡ
ôˣɵƵġ
ġ


49 óԸ
ڶһ, ˡ
ɴϣֻҹʱǰɿشţҼɵߵ, ˯÷˿ҡ촽, ЩЦ˴Ų֪, ⾩С, 뷿˯ྐྵ㡭ɰ͵, һüŤһߡ
֡
ˡ
ɵ, Ǳ˯ˣ˵Ҳֻһȼ˹һѶɱ˸

ɾôǰҳ
, ӡ
ɻһ£̫Щһʱ, Ҫ, ᲻ᡭҪǲҪɣһº֪ǴĻڵһŴܣ, ӺҪѪ
š
رϵغһ, Ӿ˻顣

ֻñװ˯۲ΪľȻ, ȥ룬ȥ롭۶ʱռ̽ԿգһпӣɫգղɫɫǿգռɫʶิǡĬľ־ò̫Ծ
񡭡յԽԽˣ
æ̧ͷֻۿͷ̧ͷһͷ˯˹ȥ

ĿɿڴĶɣһֱɵ𴲵ʱ
Լ»ȻһرϴˣһƬá̵ȥ˯ˣδ񡣡磬С硫ѾԼߵڷغ򣬼ˣæϴõľë룬ԡ
С㣬Ҫ·
µġµһף
á
ɻڴ߿æµ֮ǰʱһĻʱҲվ󣬴ڵкӳļӰ
ȶˣĻꡭ
ӣūźϴ¡
ޣá
һۣ˺졣


һֽûŮǰ밲Щϰߡ׼ȥˣһۣ⾩ֶһꡣ̲סпЩľͻȻЩԼôꡢôõķأˡ
ʮꡭ²ʮˡ
̾
ү궼ȥˣŷӦǵ²ʮôϻߣϴϣӹҩźá
ֻһʱп뾩ѾˡЦЦһֱߵɫҩü뽫ҩһʱһ̾Ҳ֪ʲôģˣ˵һֱǱߵĴϵվ˲ڷأС֮ͽ¡
̩񰲣ĺƽʲôأϻϣھסЩʱգӲѡ
ǰ˵ͷ
϶꣬ʱɱ¾̫࣬ԵЩ꣬جβΪ˹̶Ȩʵ۸ϻλ׾λһζѪԵԶļ֧ѪѭɱţΪģö֦Ҷ£Ҫ۹֡еģΪҵˣ
ֻʵԼôҹǴ
ڵλǰ̾һȻ˵Ԫ£˶˵ĺָԴ
ʱͬѹ
Ϊֵ֪ͬܣʵΪ֧ѪȾѪⳡɱպĵλǣҵĵҲάֲ˶á
شʵ۵Ļǣ
ΪߣΪءðչϰӣЩǰ£ջᱻ
ͬģѡھʵһͬһͬνߡĿʷ
˶ʱϻһЦ˼ƮԶɱȾ֣µѩҲȾҪոŨҺþûԹҰζˣů¯ԣȿѩӰ
ϻҲЦˡ
үȥ¿϶ġ
Ͷ֮£ĵøˡ̶ֱʵأ뿪ʮһ㳤ãЩ½𣬶ЩǲˡЦøˣиڴػ֮ա

գò١

qȥǣһƥոһˡĴЦҪԭǻãûqӰ֣qôһʧ
ƥǼԣԵһһ߽ȥҪĿǱߡ
զզæһȥڸɲݶ￴ãڷˡ·ɲݶɫq衣
Ӵιqӣô·ɫͷӿ۶˲ų㡭ЦˣûqѾɺãܰ춼ģԣ
qɫ԰׵ؿһߣӵͷ
qӣ
û¡˵仰qæ죬ǽһŻɰĿɵˣδ˵qͻرɽһ߳·ղŵǻطֿģϬޡ
Ŷ㡭
ݣ
qһ˲ˣÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ԭһԼţһֱqԶȥ˰qӡģϤĲѵ˲ɣ

ԣ
Ļعͷһϻ
ոԼ·
ô·̣q˵ֱСһֻвԼղ֪ΪΣĸŻȻûӴ˼ҵĽ̵ԼЩǻеסԵϳԴ˶ҪɲΪԻӡʱ
һ·ϣq޻ӵۣٶҲ͸죬Хų˷ȥ

θ﷭һģq
ļһɱƢԹԵǶȥqſϣϵĲ֧˵ĻҪȴֱĲʴ򵹡qЩͷ裬˶Ҫµ
q裡
һӰʱһʱﵽϣֽ̻ôôСģ书ٸǿˤǸ˿ɲġ
qҲһˣüͷһ壺Ҳִֻô˹ΪΣЩɣҪүˡ
ˣôӲϻøһЩǣҶˣȥոɡ״̬Ҽʱϵɾͳ˴£
ƨҺأq̧Ҫ
ϻæԴ򣬰Ӵؽл
ɵϻ
һֱɵôͿϼˣϻսߣһȰҶˣǵпһʬġ


50 

ҽ, һرһƫԺķڣ˲ˣҽһЩѾߡԼС, һԴڴߺſ, ŷ, ۾ġ, Ӷ, ԼةŮ
ôҪôѽ
֪ء
һ, ֿΪϻ
qУϢǳ̻һϿը·һСסĵطȥϻӵλ˼ҼҴҵȥ˺ƺ켦λմմϲɼ˹ϻ, q軹ҪǣֱضҽҪ˼ҵһˡ
ɾģǺЦ, 񳡺, ҲЦ

ҽͻȻһŵϻһ顣
ôҽҡҷҷˣǲǳΪ˸Ӷģƽʱ˵˳ܰδq裩ҽƳϻһۣǺĽ͡һҽЦ, ȵ, 飬ȷϲϲλˡ
ģϻϲü, Ǳƭˡ
š
ҽҲΪǸˣС޺ú˵˵强﷿˶ըˣԼһˣеĻŮļУǡûУЩЩ˵Ľ³˶䣬Լĸһ۵˵ĻæϽ뿪һȺֽеĵط
ӴӴǸǵذɡ
ɻһЦԼһͬܣʮָۣ
ƹȣ˱ƫԺԶЩҽǰͷţŶһԵͷ·ֻϰ˹йزϲ졣ֻǴǺͷǰǸɢģֻһҽͻȻʱ˵ˡ
үǱߵҩû䣬ûˡ
ǰһЩ𣬸Ͻȥˣܲҩ

ԣɡ
λҽ
æסǣͬҲ⵽λͽϳҽعͷʱЩ㡣Ȳμӡ֪кҪ£
šλҽ̸һЩ顣òһЦʱʱҽһۣ˵ĲǸʲôأҩѰô
ҽǵһʱ俴곤һλûзԡҽҲǳĬһֻشӲ̫ģүĲ󰭣ֻҪһЩرҩʼܳѾӴִˣһ鶼̫ҽԺġ䣬ҽҲŵͷ۾δֻ̧ظ˵ӷġ
ǽͷݡ
ȻλҪ£ҾͲˡʶȤûʣ֪ԼȥЩҲ˵ġҸղŵֻλǰ֪飬ĵλܸߣҶ˼ȥӰһߵû״Ϊ£ȥ䣬ỽɡ
ϣֻ̫ɡ
ǿѹͷơ
벻qھ~ɣqĺǲʮ֮ͻˣ
ҲпܸһЩġ
ร㿴һ찡~
Сڻ԰һʯϣɱ췢ͻȻϲõĿ̲סͷ˵˷ܵģƺϲСӰ
~ҾͦɰİССģֲ£żͦϲġü룬תһЦҲ˵Сӵģһģӿ̳ʱͲ˼ҵĺӻǸʲôģ˵ͲԼĺʲôģ

˵ڣ˶˴
Ҳ֪ΪʲôסˣǾ䡮ͲԼĺʲôģһεĽһ˲̴˵ġڶı֣û˻һ£Կôɵذѻ˵ԼԶɵ˼˵ǸصĺӣôΥһ죬Ϊӵġ
վԺ»û㡣
˵ﶼͬһ仰ֻ·̲һ
ǶĬˣȻпŶԷֻǸ˼һʧ񡣶ĬˣԼֺοΪһ仰˻ǿſɬЦˣ˵պq˺ӣɵó˵ǺҲմ㼸ֻãһɽס˵꣬ɻЦȫԹղŵĻδϡ
ʱмңǻ˾ڶħҲЦĵ׵һЩǿѹţ붫һ㽫˺Բơ
Ҳǿˡ

̫Ӹ
ϴԶ̫Ͱöܹ˳֮ĹλһԭţëĻſ֮һΪСĻеһԱСӿɲСΪ̫Ӷ˳ʱȺ£ȻôʮҲȺͷ̫ӰĻǿ
ԶôģԼȻ̫Ӹˣ͸Ϊ̫Ӱ£úıǰ;
̫֮ǰ˵Ǽ¡
û£Ϳأˣ
־أǶʲôأϽ̫ӵ¾ˡ
ϡ
Сÿգͻᱻ̫ӵټƽ鲻࣬Ҫ̫һ¡ݴʱּʱ©顣̫ӵˣҲʱʱ̷̿˼ְԣСӵþҪʱ򷢻ˡ
¼ԶͬСˣڳй꾭顢ĻҲˡǶڹٳ򽻵Լ񶼺о飬ߣԼһװ취ԦȨ֮¯ࡣҶЩضܿ㣬̫۹ɣЩﲢûΪԶͻȻζƲǺչԶһЩ뷽
⼸µı湦û
̫ӵ£¹Ϊӳھʵڲס˵Ǵл봢ͬĵ޽٣¹Ա˶Ұڷӣ¶šСӽյЩԶϡ֪ԼޣֻĬһԣ
̫ǿһۣЩá
뱾һĸͬôһֱԱҲδλӦᶫôδ֮£Щ뷴ҵТ
̫һڣͽô۵Ļͷϣɼ̫ӶԶӵĸʵĻҲΣҲȰһ䣬˵ʵڲʵڲף̫ӵ˼
һղ뾩̫ӵĴ֮λ㲻Ȱ
ٶԡ벻뿪⡣
ԶСĵ̫һۡ

Ҫڳɻ̿ˡ


51 ɽ
նӴ, һյ˵̫Ӹǰ飬ö뾩
ӱ˶ⷬ۱ֵģֱӵϢʱڶŪ, Сһòֺվһĸ, ԭǸſ, Ϊ뷨Ϊʦ, ճࡣǾʦճ, ζ˻رôϢɶ޶, Щ˵֪Ӻ˵
ȻǿĿ˰죬ࡣ
һСģѹĵ׵ĻͽԹֻӵųе졣

¡ܽܲԶˡ

лӡ
ζŪ, ˼ȥһʯͷţãڻǿ˿ڡ, ̫ӸǱĽ, ֻ̫ӵ»϶ҵТȻ棬ֻ˵ˣҲܻ˲šӼңǻô᲻ΪȨɱӵ̫Ӳ, ҲвӵΪ, ĵ뷨
ζûнȥ
㵣ôʲôҲûлͷֻǶЦʦС˼ͦడ, ˵Ϊ̫ӸϢôѸٴܸô
һʣɰѳζסˡ
ѵζЩţ̫ӵ¡
ûһֹҵ˵ǰģʲô¶˵ӲЦˣЩԺ
ѹ֣ζаֲ̾öӶȫںأԭ̫ԼͰͱ˰Ƕ˵񵽻ĸĵزǻʲô֮˼ֵܲĻءζЦЩΣҺԼûж˵ȻҲпܱӰͱ̫Ǳȥ
ʱ򣬿ɾͲǵǸôˡ
Ҳֲֵܾ̬ǿ϶ˮݣΪ˻λһӻعһߣֵȷʵֵҡһĸͬһͬɳô໥ˣô˽භǳӣΪȻ£Ϊܣղصϸλ˲ģҵǺѹأָ׳֮Ҫõͷ
һ渵һЦ
ζһһ㶣ȻöҲеʵۡӦǸԱȣ񵱸үҪࣿδζͬĻ˵ڣת˻⣬˵ԼȷҲ뿪ˡ
ӣ
ҾþӾȷףֻЩΪ࣬һֱδᡣҶطϤһʱҵҲŰ̾һЩãպ뿪ȥﵱүأʱ겻֡ضܼ尾ɡ
米˭밡

²ʮ꣬¡
⼸¼䣬СС˼׮¡
ǳʱ뾩ļܣҲ֪ȺǴӺζ֮͵͵һЩ̶ӽģ£ִмˡֵĻ̻̣̻ҲܵӰ죬ǽǳ̲飬ⶼ󣬱һЩ߶߶ڶгʦԳƣƽһЩֵķ£ỵֻ̂ҪĳϣܴԸʵźһº󣬵֮Σžȡ֣žᱻȾ
֮ͦģǰջ߹Աù
òʱ鶼ƽϢˣǡиգұŽյϲЩۻ֮³ɾ겻
³ߣ߽㵮ֳɽڡ
ף³һŮٽ˵ĽաŮǻһ֯Ůſһݿǣǰ߶ΪԵΪǰ̡׵ŮŮӣż˺Ӱ߽ɹ֮ȡϲ˼ҼһֻԼۣݹ޲֡
һϲ֡ϲֵĻħһȻҲš
ڳ˸磬ΪҲŴķףĴ弼˾տȻ¶һ֡ѩƤΪƷһСλô룬ִߣճɱǵͼ£ֵȻһһˡ

֪ɽ졭ҪҪ룿
ǴӣƻԼְɣ
ٺ١ЦЩƻ

ٺ١
Цˣеš
ɱ鷿飬̸ͯǶɽϻľƬʱͻȻŶ벢Ҵһò˵ʱǸ滹ͦµĴеġɼˣòùúźһƳ㿴ŵ߲ϡһجΰĸоһӴӶɵĽżͷþöûл
ϡ
һԱЦо
廨˶
⡭ڸҰͶ֯Ů첻ϤҲδ³ʲô롯顣ҲǸӣΪѵ廨롭롭ͷѾˣң
и㰡ֻǾ̫ѷˣСãЦһյɵߣ㴩Ҫ߸ײŶ
úúáһü
ɣҶ֯ŮģҪһݰɣԽߵѾߣ˶Ҳ֡
Ҳ̧һ˼ں˵ʲôѾߡҲû⣬˵ŶҾ㷿Ѿ߱Ƚ϶࣬ҲȽϻáǼѾ߰ɡиǽʲôֵǺӦڣڳϲӦûŨһЩ
ߡ
ǳ˳顣
ǻߣǿǸˡ
ͷ룬ֱСɶûзӦɵЩ֡߸Ѿ㿴
ม޺áЩĲɡᵽˣЩ¡Ѿͷ¸·ߣ̫ѿˡ
㷽ǲ˵ϰ֯Ůƫƫܲĵ뷨ÿ¶뷨ۡϣɵһǣһǼѾߣҲǼѾ~Ļ԰ݣǸˣǸʲôһҪ³߼ʲôѾߣӦ
ӦԿǡ

ǶƫЦô⣬ⰲ⡣
ϣˡ
дѾߡߡԼСɵżڻ԰ãˮʻкֽ¯籸ãһаŪҾˮϹƷһ˼ġͤýķҼȻһл
ӡ
ǸʲôѾߡ
ˣæȥӭȴʲôѾ߶ԼЦáֵֹģ֮ߡԱȶɵãȻķӦֱ׺ܶࡣ
һۡ


52 Сֽ
֯Ůϰ, ˵ǹ֯ŮǻգʵϣֻΪѰɾġӡ
֯Ůˣò, ֯Ů졢Ҷ֮ױȽԾͨ硣δĹ³֯Ů, ΪıϣԼҲӵ֯ŮĲ, Ȼڴ˻, ѰһΪɾǰŲ, ʼΪ֮ˣ˺ʵ, ͸ѰһɾԵ
ѾͷЩֽ
Ӵ֪ҵĺý~
ҵѾͨĽύϤ׼ӭɰ֯ŮǶ˷, æֽдԼԸȻͶСɺһվԱ߲Ѿû, ǵĵױòڡ
֯Ů
ƺ˶, ûʲôԸԡ
ĵػعͷ˶һۣȻֿԭչֵֹģʲô£ȥǸԿսİ취, Ѿͷȴֽǰ, ȸԾӣС㣡ôվ﷢ѽ, ҲҪͶֽУдԸ~

ֽˡ
ɵ˰죬ǶȿĿڣֽҪдʲôԸ
³ߣȻдһЩӦԸѽ~Цúڻش𶫷ɵʱСһǶɲ˼죬رʻߣ˵զˣ۾񲻴áмҽסҪҪ˸㡭
ӷˡǿջЦ
ѾֽдԸ඼һЩвɡĴ˱һĵд¸ٻ⣬˶Եġɺ㿪ǳԸַκԹ۵ʵֻ̫࣬ŤŤȡֽͬ˿Щ뱩¶ԼдµԸ
ͬһʱ䣬ǸдһСֽȻԼֽ
ɣҿɲ͵һдԸѽյɸǰЦеģϣҹɫãԶɾô΢΢ͷһľϷźЩװֽ񶼽ӳǶ˵ϡ˵ʵڵģһ˲Щ㱣ͻȻá
ΪãһȥϺʣˣûκν٣ãһһ⡣
ǳ桭
С㣬ԸֽͷˣֲǷšЩǿˣԸɾͲأһѾߴǶ˵ʱ̡æ˰벽Щڵس˳°ڣԾֽ߬±鵽ݵһ㡣
ұ֪ԼԸСֽϣдĿ֡
ֽʼƮԶ~
԰
ʮһֽͬŵǶڳر߿ãһֱԼСֽЦүүϣܱˣҪʲôѣҪʲôʹࡣԸϣܼסֽд֡ϣǹ¿֮ˣǣϣš
ƮԶСֽζ˼£ЩǵҶû¡
Ͼдˡɡ֣дò̫áǱ˿ˣܻᱻȡЦɡ


53 
ɾô, һֱԱߵվֽ㿴
˿һѵõˡ
, С
мһ, һֽͬ, һͬԸأС㰡С, ӿɵúúõİߵǺܻز֮в̫һ, һ㲻ϵģǶദ, û̹һֱΪ׽Ӧ˽Լʲôˣ벻ԭǶ˶ƺ«
Ų˵ĵ׻Ƶˡ
ھеԶĵطżῴһۣ۵ĸо̫ġѡطڹ̨ǰĵû, ϶ΧšɾĻ⣬糺죬Ц, ô߶˰, ĴƮɢСֽе벻ǵ˼鰮ôҪһͻȻ뵽ʲôҲү, ֯Ů, ³һһΣս˻, ϣ߿ո׬ӣȻסķӣǣ޾ӱӡ
󸻹ٻҲֻóˡ
ߡ
Ѿͷ治ǸѰˡ

³ӣڴ˵ķΧŨҡҲ䴫ţ˵Щط³ߵ˼ѵһ˼ԷŮӡ˵δ˽⣬СȺƵϼʶĶɿ϶֪ͬ³б˼Դʱ˿̣ߵĸо
ɡ
Ե
ţ΢ͷ
һֱһֱһ𣬾ͺˡ۾档һ㶣ȻЦˣɵܹ˶꣬ǻǻܺõģһһֱ㡣
׵ķһһ𡭡Ťͷȥ·˵ŴŴġѵһǱƢϸغͶɽ¡˵Լ飬֪ɻô
ǰĶɣκϸò磻ôǡͬڶѵϲأǸʱ򣬶Ҳ
ֻϷԵû
ֻŵʲôʲôһΪ˵ֻίػشԺʲô£ɶڵġʲôɶšֻϣһᷳҲźãҲҲδҰռءɳЦŷһ˿ʧת˲š
Ŀ˵һκ
ԥˡ
ЩЪϢ
š
뿪󣬶һֱΪϵıЩ֣ƺһ˵ʲôɾĿϷţҶɺ˵δʱЩģֱ뿪ҲһƤЦⲻЦĸо
ĽɫӦ֮ǰֺõԼ
Щס
ӣҹˣ˯𣿡ϻżҹqΪлҪҹϻɵĵطйµͻȻȰһ䡣
Щ벻ף˯šɸɴ´̴ľϻԻϻ˵᲻ϲңܲ
ţ
ϻе㲻״
ܾңǰ࣬Ҳ࡭
ӣ֮ǰǺϣչܶôѵ˸ı䣬չĶɣϻЦЦߵľССͣǰ̾ɲáչ뷨Ѿ˸ı䣬βһҪ֪˵ĽǲǰһѺáԵһ뷨Ǿ͸ǽԴϲˡ
Ȼǳ׵ˣ롣
ͦġ
Ҹô˵ôʣųô죬ʱúΰɣ
Ӵӡչų⣬Ҳʲôѽǰĵ׻ţչҲ޷֪ģϻǲģ޲ܴ涫ɱȥ
ȻҲֻѡ
һܲʵʩҪ˵̬ȡ

ɣ
ǰŨɢѭ̧ͷȥŷ˻ԺЦòõæӦһȥµЩĺûܼմۣ˫ոµЬرԡ߽ʱŷֽԼĬض˰ɫ֪˼ˣҪΪ˫á
ôˣɵģʵϷǳϲϻԼȰѰ˼ʲôʱһʺϱʱ
ҡӵؽҡ˰죬ɸɻ󣬲Цˣɵӣ¡
㡭ң
ôţһüЦݣһֹɵ̬ľͷȻҲǴסˣûӦʱ㱻ס֣˳ʯ·ڻ԰شͥԺһСɽ߼㵽˶סԺӡ
ʲ
꣡

ڶԼסͥԺȴһİ˵Щ⣬ɺܿ죬ֳһСţŷ߹۲ãȷΧûˣС˽ȥɣûأǼװҪ͵͵ܽȥ
͵͵ܽȥȻҪأɵɵظںͷһ档
£
β
ƵϾһĻж٣塣
ɽˮǾũǾͷǾѾԻǾһĻľ飬ڰУҲƵǳʫ黭⡢һĻǰֻżĵﲢûж棬δԼһĻֻǲò˵˲䣬κκɽˮ˽ܵͳͳȥˣɵһ˫۾ֻضǰӰ۵͸һܡ
޾ʣΪЩ谵ĳԭļǱһЩۺƣ۵ȹӣȹֵ£ɾôڴ齱߿ﾡѵֻʣʱһжͣˡ
̲סڣǺܳʵһ˫۾ľǼߣսĺ촽ش
ɡ
һ̧ס˶ɵĲӣ˿ֻһͷɱʶȤס
˵Ů鶯ʱܻһʱ뵽һЩɻ档ɾԼڱˣǰ˸̫󣬵ǲɾҩسˣԭϲģռӵó֮ףȥֻ´沢ûг̫ãɻûѻأ߱𼸵
ǽغŶɣһšӡлһ㡣
ӣѣ
͵һ´ŵҲɢЩԺգգۣŤͷһŷִΧһȦˣɫࡣ


54 ް
ɳ߳ͥԺ, һ·ϣѾĹ˼ݡ
֪ÿһٱϲ֯ʲô飬֮ڣ˼ҳһ, ҲʼĩһԲظںͷ, 򶫷ɲϿ첽, ûһ˸Ҷһ, Ҳûһϰڳı顣
ʮ, ΢
ԭɽϵϻָ㡢˼ڴ̹Ķɣʲô鶼
ͻȻԼǧеһ㡣
Ů鳤, ҪǵԼ׵ˡ
²ʮʮ£ܲء
˵ʱ뼸ڸжŪֻģǺõġֻʼδͻȻŲһһߣؿڴ, ɫȻסΣٸļλҽǰտмСҲ𼱻ǵȥǱͨ, һȥ, Ǵ˻ʵ۶
סҽʱıĮġ
˵Σ
ҽһ, صүļ, һȲǡ
һݡ
΢, ڶɹȥ˸еõġֻŻããճЩ֪롣ʮˡһǺСʱĸţ£ʱ龰Ҳǲ̫ˡǵãĸȥʱҲǻããģһЩӣû̫ģů
߽Ĵ齱ߣǴһҹϵĸףں

ɵţȴǱͷһᣬ۾ǿ̵ˮ÷졣
ڴϣҲӦֻءŲʹӦࡣ
¡ϻμӡ
Ǹһüµļһˣɵԭһǻŭ𣬿ֽһߣģȴǱҲͷôˣֻǱһ˫۾ؿŴϵĶܡ
ӡ
ϻͷţ۵׺ᡣ
Ժþ֮ǰүүӱ㲻ˡ¸˵͸¶һ㡭ϻԴǻϣĵ׷ᡣ˵үӳźþˣΪܿЩһֱѰΣǰҲΪ˴¡ϻҽǣá
˲ͬ
֮ǰҽǿҩ﷢˲һζҩ϶ܺóһʱ䲻ٺȲˮȰ׿ˮЩںޣԼӦһЩЩϸڵġϻ߶߶ؽ֮ǰ£̹ףͺǴҶ׼ûӣ֪ŶҲǰ취ȫг
ѹ˻֣ʾϻס
ӡ
Ҳ˵ˡֻһ䣬ھҰȥɡһۿỹڴת
ӾܷԸϻԵ
ҳλ빬ȥһ񲿣ձΪ׼֮δǰҽǵϼӦǳŲ˶áɲʮ꣬˶ڵ᲻սҶˣܹƽطԸ˳ﱸ治ɫ񱥾ɣ
ת˴ûôһֱһֱĴ齱ϡ
ҹȻһҵĽŲ
δȶɿѯʣһѾߵͷ߹ӣϵѾͥԺˡ
áۣӭӻʵۡ
ʵ۶ĲӦ֪ģȻҲôҽס£رĴѰѰҩĵݷ𣻶ͻȻһ֮⣬ʵۼǵһʱ֪ɼߵ߻ж١һ߳ʱʵѾͽˡ
μϡ
ɶ񡭡ʵæɫУڲܳչ
ʲΪǰյĸɴԵشһۣδ׵ңҲܲ뵽һǶôæҲģһǰһ޵ҽһأҳ
ҽϣүļͻȻǰҹ
Ԫ°ˡ
ʵ齱ߣ֡Ϊڱϣûʵһûɵʪ۾󲻵һλ׵ĸܣԾԼľģʰҲ˵ϻֻվţֻܿš
ֻܵš
֮ǰ˵ϲ鷿Ǹֻǻ־Ÿ̸£ЩءյǴƣòãʵ۸˵ڻ԰ֵһֻǲͬǣڴʧʶӦҲܶ
ɿԼܣֺܹͻȻǰһɶͷһ֡
̫ˣһж̫ˡ
ΪŮûжԸ׾ľû꣬ûԼŮǿһ졣
̲ס˳ǰ˵ڴߣЩίɶɶòã
ʵҲЩᣬֻûй¶һ߳һһΡ
˵֮ǰعⷵա
˵뿪֮ʣ˵Ļǹλ壬볾еټһ棬˵仰ԸٴĻ·˺֪ͬڿһ˲˾ʱ飬ϲá

Ԫ¡
ʵ붫һͬЩĶ֪ˣϹֱܼ˳ȥչԺţȥ׼׵׳뷨ʦʿ轫һӦ׼׵
ߣ֮ʡ
ɶǰǿһ˿Цݣʲˣ֮ǰ˵ϲǸֻ쿴ǲһǣֱӵ鷿ȥ
֡˵ʶˣܷǰվ˭Լƽﳣ˵Ĺء˶һֿۣڴߵĻʵۣﲼѹ
֡
أԪ¡ʵ֣ɫףþãʹһջʵۣ˵ɶɶͽչˡ
Ԫ·ģɶӴԺ޵Ů޻úչòˡʵüͷһֱҪģɶһԺܳɫʢǡ
áǾͺáá
˵ãȴˣЩ¡
ǿûᣬǻ½ǣָڿٵ÷ףҲҶСʣ˵ɶû˵Ҫɶ߱£µġɶû޳أûһ죬ûüúദء
ԽԽίߵĻҲ˵ˣӷҳһš
ɶ
΢΢һЦҪˡ


55 ǰ
, Ԫ£ްڵ²ʮʮ³ʮգʮꣻȻʵմӣ²ʵ۰, ʮķ, һ, 義书ѫ, ׷ʢ
һҹ, Ҳ˰׳ͬӼݱļ, ǰȥϢأʵ۶ּ⣬طΪʮ죬ԱիգоգߣԼƷǵվ͹˰׵, ʦʿҹæҴ񼰼̨ӣһӦҪƷ, ʼһسﱸ, һֽһ
ҵΪة࣬ԶΪ̫ӸĻţйλ֮ˣҪ䡣һ, Աѩ׵ɥ, лʽϺ븮Զڷڴ, Ÿ·ʱѾͷȴ˽ϻۡ
ãԶЩȣѹǲ֪롣ôˣá
硭е㲻ţɡɵĸײô
Զһ
үްϢûר˸Ǵش󣬼Զǲ˵Ҳضۡӵĸһ򼫺ãԶǴ̫ӵµ̬ģ֪ʲô֪飬Ͼ֪ҲʲôѾͷһЩõ¡
ΪСŮ죬޹λҲ׹ϵܲС
үһΪղͣүϣ̫ĿѣԴȥõĵطˡԶǰĨȥϵᣬãҲ̫ˣϲ䳣ֻ̬ܺúõؼסЩȥˣʲô
ǡǰɱضѹɣ
̧ۿһ˲䣬ԶЩ֪롣
Ȼǡ
ΪүΨһѪΨһҪɥն˥Т֮ˡԶĵϧɵʲô
ȥ˵˵
áԶüͷ΢壬ЩΣ֪㲻ܣҲ֪ߣ˵һЩοĻã¹شΪҪʱ䶼鲻ģҲçײȥĻʱȥˣӰɡ
Ƕһˣûʱ򰡣ֻЩʹһ뵽СҪվǰǿװǿͺᡣ磬취һȥɺòãֻ뿴˵ô仰ѡ
ãԶ̾һ
Ϊʱκβ֮˱ضҪ̲顣˽ǰЧִоԼЩظعصǱضϡԶλ̫ͣͬУүүҵȻλߣ˼ôӦءԶȰڼеϢȥῴûʲôʵĻ֣ʱٰ顣
Ĭϡ
̬ȺԶˡϿԼػ֮ڽȴһеĸоĲ֮СؿճƺԼлվݶߺүʱЩѹỬҲ֪Ϊ飬Ϊ˶ɡ
ǸЦ⻹õˣ


ʬպܴף֮ϣʬͣƻƵĳϣԽ߰׳ȫλۣױרںֽԷʬõĲҩŵĨͬõҩҺѥ
Զҵʱһۿģ̨дš²ʢ֮顯λ̨£ͣŵʬΪ꣬װɫԶһԿȥֻӶűԵβĴѹһߣ£ûа飻ǶӶУ̫˴ɥԶΪ岮ӵܴ˥£붫һͬ顣
ԶүүãſڴΣվǰȡأһٰײĨѪϣǲɡˣǵλԱʼնǰӹһߣԱǼݹ¹ţһ߹ݣһо
Ѿʱ
Ϊлٵװ紩£ٵڵĵʽһֱйţŵϿЩնֻżգۡյĸϻqˣqвϯֻϻæµΪӣϻԸΪТҲͶһɥֻ˥ȶһȣֱͬȷɥĶɥҪ
˶ڲ룬귽ʮӸ÷ǳѹ
ϾǸƽ϶Ǳŵģһʱ֮£մҶ˵£ͷʲô˱֣ϳǶ̬Խ˳һɷ򿴣Ůӻʲôģ
ûҲû¡
еģֻĿǰ۵Ĵֲ£Ӧڷɥ
򶨵̬ʵסһˣ㳡ϣ˵׼ǸʲôǱģλΪ׵ĳӣʲôϣ˵ɡҵԶ£ΧĴ󳼶۶ɣЩ˸ǳԲѷة࿴ۣ˶һ䡣
ҲǶģةү˵ˣҲԹԹšһЩƽﲻӴΪֵĹԱԸ񱾾ˣҲûҵȰ裬ͷ㡣
ϼݵ
һ¹ͻȻôһ䣬˴󾪡
չأӣ˭Եĵز̫ϻΪӣҲֻҴһ档յү˵һĸͬ㣬ݺٶǻ˹أ
ﶼ£ǵһǰˣʵ۽űߣȰϣ֮δɢһӣóȻϡ
𿪣ʵ۽һ죬ûпһۡ
˻ʵ۶Ե⣬̫Ӷ˳Ҳһ۸ɫʹϵĶӲ߶ֻǳŻʵڵķһݣ񡣡Ԫ޵ֵܣȥʱ޶ûе¾͸ˡʵһ٣ɫ
˽Եͷ˵
϶˵ˣѵҪҪسȥ˭ĲⳤϵҲѪܣ졣
лʲ
ɳŻʵһݣ紵ϵĴ鲼ĵƻҲ紵ҡҷʵ۳ŶȥԽݺͰɶպʲô¾ͬʲֻҪʲõͱضӦ㡣
ɳһ¡
ʲô£ʵ
ȷһʲ˵ܻʲ𲻴ӦѾضˡ


56 
ʲôҪ
, ףͣ鸮ɵʿʦоտʬ֮󣬱㻻һɫɥʵۡ
ջʵ˵ԴӦһ, Զɰĵ׵Ļ˵, ֻǲ, ʵ۹Ȼܾ
Ԫ뿪, ޿, ʲܻ, ζԵ㸸鷿ڣ˻ʵ붫⣬λҲڡֵܶͬ᲻ö뿪Բ˵οʼŮӣһ˻ܹú
⾩, ܻ
ɶ˵û常뿪֮ʣһˡЩҲûȥ, ǱߵĳӰղϤ, һʲô¿Ǻã̫ҲȰĶ飬Χ¶ίĽǶȳͻʵһ˼Ƕһ˼˻ϣǺ˵, ˭
δ, Ӧûȥ
ɶ
ʲɸɴʲ׼ʬ, ĸͬᡣ
İöɶľֱ˵һ䡮ĸͬᡯŻȻԼѾһ޸ĸˣһ¶ǸĵأҲ뿪ĵطǸôꡢԼԼɳĵطܽȥͬĸһزǶԸõĻرɣ
ϻ˵ǰ߶Ҫѩ
ʵЩҡԾ޷ᡣ
ĬѾõĶӶУ˼ãվ˳

²ʮʮʮգʵּӶΪճӻʢѻعᣬӴɰžӼ˰գ룻Ӷз̩ۡǣһӴ޴¿ɲػؾشͽƸһгһط·ϣӣִʱնɱ֮
⣬ʵʹ˲ٽ鱦޵ǴȥһΪͳӵıʿֱִɲǲĹ涨в٣ۺǸɵӶܿʵжôչ˶ɡ
ɸмʵۣͬʱҲмС
ɶҲ˵ôлĻʵھôˣҲõصүԶġлЦЦ˵Ͷɣһʱ⣬Ϊˡ
ϸϸĻΪȻ
⻰˵õԡ
ţ
ΪȴһͬһʲôͶɣ̾һ鸴ӣ֪ΪͬһأӦɣʵڲպ󹼸˶ֵ⣬
ɶ
һᣬüĵƽ˵ʵڵģԼܶǶ֤ˡ߻ʵԶһдͽ㣬ҪأһԼıҪһҲҪɶЩ㶼óǴӴԺ첻˵ֿ԰㡣Ȼģб㻻һ飬ɣЦҸ㣬ʱò̫ãҲ˵ңԲ
ɿЩ¡
뿪֮ÿ϶εĸÿһΣȥԽԽԶһΡЩ鶼ܲԼջǳΪ¿֮ˡڳȻһ
Уȴھذ߳һˡ
ҲôˣˣҲּܿиɿһ˵뿪ûˣ㡭ǲЩ黹û
ңһ㶣뵽˴𰸡

ฮ
Ϊʢһ£ԱĹԵΪԶ̫ӸҪĹˣͬſŻʵּòæҴææظ˼٣ؼһˡӴǣôôͻȻզһӾҪ뿪أؼҵ·һֱһֲõԤУǶɣͻǻħ
ܾһʲô¡
ã
һͷײķ䣬Ѿһ
ү֮ǰõεѾߣѾƸΪѾߡԭչĴѾߵԶȥˣһϲûʲôĶǵĳɷ֡Զ΢΢ͷ˷һȦȴԼãæסߣʵСȥˣ
ء߿Զţ֪Ϊ¶ҲϻˣֱѾϢһʼʱʧɻ˰죬ħһҳǼѩƤݣ˵ҪæƳȻ͸ɣ
⡭ԶЩ⣬һЦⶼʲôʱˣƤݣѵץʱһ
үСԼʲôԲŴƴ멣ܹȥ䰡
⡭Ҳʱ며
ԶӣʵŮ˼ֻã˶Ҫˣʥּһ£ܸıģϣ붫ɾǴһ桭
ãܼʱ𣿡Զһǡ
š
֮ҪԸȥ𣿡
š
ǡǳȥ⣬ûô
һȻһ
Զ߽ţٵԶʼͷ̨ǰһһ߷ţ档ǰģ⵱Ȼġڣ֪ԡһԲһ˿ˣԽԶԽѹֻܾڷйʲôӱʲô
ɲձҪ뾩Ϊٻؾ֮գ֪ʲôʱ
Ժָء
޸ҹ
Զͷߣ취
Сȵҡҡͷ˼ǣүѾˣСȥɣȻǲݵġ

Զ̾һ
˶ȥߵĶ𽥵أͣ֡
ɡ
ʥּʱԼҪǰһڣȥΪϻΪɹһ˶ھ·ΪҲһŮӻȥι˭ֱ֪Ϊ̩ϵפ붫һͬⰲſòǶ˵ȴһѵӣͱ
Ǹﶬôˡ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ǸԼһı䲢ûʲôǰɡǰɡæס죬Լһʱʶ޳ȻǷ֡
ǰɣΪʲôʱҲʧȥء
ҿ˼ôãôòŷԼһ㣬Ҫ̹˵Լ뷨ʱһʥּȴô˳ؽǷֿ
˶죬϶ɡߣ΢΢һЦһѩƤӼãɴ면ϣԵ㾫񣬶ҺܱůɣҼһɣΡظ˵һ䣬ҵﻰɡ


57 
ʥּ׼ǰҹ, ɶûҹֻһֱרĳﱸϵʹԼ, ս֡
ϻΪҪĸ, Ŷæµ, ȰȥϢҲȰ, 켸ҹûۡү, ҪˣǾ񲻺, ·ô죿һˣɻڶٵӣһ˫۾û뿪үѣǲģүḴһ㡣ϻҲ֪ʵĵ׻Ϊһ·, ھԼòüòá˵Լĵ׻
ү¡
СӦúչһ˰ɣ
ôԶ·̣úü, Ҳ˯šɸ, ࣬·ҲԺúϢģЩС¡㣬⼸Ҳûкú˯ɣЩȥ, qԼһ˴ڷ, ҲẦ¡
qẦ£ɶϻЦһֹɱ, СסǸطӶҽɶµģ
ҲЦЦȻ޷Ӧ
ǸЦСүȥ˶˲١Ҳ֪ǲΪλ׼ϻѽӴ࣬һʮͷоԦȨߡǲţ⻹ǸʮĹﰡ
ΨһһŮӣΪΨһһŮүʵ۲٣һЩظ˵һЩĻ
ϻǺ޲ðЩȥһ١
ǶɾͻʱЦͻ˵ǽȥɣͳڱϣҪ˵ʲôǿƲˡ
˵ˡϻЩʧ䡣ǿЩ˵Ȳ֪黹Ҫ˵ģȫ˸ܡɲϻСĵؿһۣʣүĲȥټչһô
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ĵ׵׻ǻܴġ
עҪ뿪ģעҪġôܺԵ֣˵ף֮һβеĸ飬Գô˻նһɶ֡Ϊأ˵꣬ԼЦˡ
ܼĻ͸ãˡ
ʱദɾջһõˣ˺ŮգԼ˺㵱үúһֻҪһԵյĽ̵һҲʹˡ
Ӵϻǵˣ⻰ĵȵ˻Ҫѹүһ·ҿǿģٴչ֣˵׷£¿ɲš
бһۣû˵
Ҳ̫Щ֪չĵôأôˣѵѹ
ѵԺͲչ
𷴲ҿǺܶοǸƽӴģҪƽ̵ȥ

ϻĻǿڣһһңҵԶԣʲôˡЩͷۣعһֱϻ֪˵á
Ҿðɡϻ˵һǶɵɱ˵ôչﴫţ뿪ǵʱ򣬺úõؼһ档
ɳһ
˵ͷ

ճʱδ̩֧ӱѼ룬ǻӾֳ·ֽǮ֣ǳŴݣȻٱϻ
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ɶ
̩㵽ſӭˣæԸǣԣϡڱȥſڰɣݵʱܴʦ˵ˣǸʱǽõģǴˣԻ常Ҳá
ɱ˵Щʲôԥһû˵ڡ
ฮ
ʱѵСѾöЩǡˣֱӽȥСɡ˵񲻺ϣϲ뿪ʱ䣬Ǹ
Ŷʱ߿ģſ̨۵˯ŵģ
С㣡
ߵϺ˵ĶҲѸ٣һ˶ˮһëҪʲô£һ˲䶼ƻҲ˶ôģͱѾæµ㣬вѾ⣬˵ôС㻹ҪҪȥү밲
أ
߶Ҫ޶УȲҪСȥ밲ˣ緹ҲҪˣٶȵ㣬Щ˿С·ùױױҲҪôˣСôÿ죬ж
ߺЩ£ǽѩ멽ץΪ멣ѾС˯ʱǳŻЩŬ񲻰׷ѣ
죡ȥ򱸳˵ҪһƥõҪһ˲ܵſ֣
ǣ
մүǱ밲ԶЩæµҴҵسš뺰һָհǷˡˣͷһ»˵ɡ
뿪ฮĿԶȥ
ȥɣ


ǳſڣѾϡ
Ǹ԰ںͣھӺͷѸʱѵ֣ʱֲİڸĽֽǮ߾ᦣʿǸо֮׼׵Ϊѹ֮ѪʱҪһǰļ̨Ʊ߾ٹͷȻ󵽼̨ǰĵѾƵڵϣС

Ը߹κź󣬻ĸ˵Ѿʮ꣬ĸһģɱۣƺЩܡˣһ뿪ص㲻ӣһΪˡʲҼãİɡ˺ӣ
һúչԼġ
ˮڵʱһҳӭת˲š
̧ؾڳţЩ㱡
ǵԼһʱ򣬸ΪԺظܣɶ㿴Ǵ붼ǣǴϵģĵطǵ￪ҵҲҪúõؼסǣӽ󣬶ҪΪΪҸеԺ뽾
ֻһ
Ӧ
ǰʱûжٱ仯ɫͷϵĽϺӣ·ֻաЦֿޣЦڴתֻǿţû԰̧ͷ죬Լôˡޱ߲Ż£ǸĺӣĸĺӣŲǡŲųˡ
̩վ󣬽ľٶС
Ҳͬһ߽˶࣬ȻһԲ˵˵ʱ˿̶еľٶ仰ڹ͡˰죬ɻڳŴǲȥڵЩʲôΪȷĵ׵ɻ󣬶ͷϻһۡ
ϻ˵ͷڳһεı顣
ڵǸ˰ɣ
⡣
ֻǽճ뿪ǴֵʱݵʱԼ̤ǳŵʱרһ̾ͻԼӰ죬ͷֳģö᣿
ѡŮ鳤ǰʱ̤ŵ뿪
ѡ
ʱȶнһ򱶡
˵Ӧðʱص֪ͨλģǴӦ˸ԼôھӼ֮ǰǡݶѾˣһʱӾҪˣôˡǲǴ㲻ˣ뵽˴Щѹ۾ٶųſڣҪ뿪˼
ȥôô˰ôȥ
ڳţ³֮һξǿյأһӳдͼݻãҲʺδ֮˽źܽϸ̲顣ߵ˺ò׸ϵڳŴȴֽΧ˺ü㣬ԼԼؿڳķվһ֮ˣ롢̩֧ӡС㣬Ҳ̫ˣȥ¾Ѿˡȵǽȥүķȥ̸̸
ðɡһɽ˺ƣ̾һ
뿪ǵʱ쵽ˡ
лԥҪҪﶫһϣֻȴתڳŷ
ɶ
ҪʱɡɵʹԼȥ˼״æֽ𣬰ӼΪϵͷʢ
һʱ֮䣬Χǰӿ
ɡ
ò˳Ž˳ǽѭųһֶɵλڿŴ˵ǷǳԶɣ̲ס۾һֱųǰĨСӰ뿴ͷ
ɣɣ
㣬ͷһۡ
һʱļ£¼ˡ
߰ɡ
Ƕµһ
ǰ̱㽫ߴͣʱĶһжǳìĿǰݡڳǰ棬ĬĬصȴſ
ɣ
þš
λү룡
ɸһë΢΢һЦ
ǰʲô΢Ե֣ûнӴңͻȻ㴳ҵˣ֣Ҽˡǵǵһμʱ˵Ļ˵СɵӣؼҰɡҲͦɵġҪˣҪؼˡ
㣬Ժ󻹻ǵ
ɣ
üˣҪˡ
ӣɵõ
ڣ
ɳһ̩еĽŲš
ɣˡ
ôһֱų뿪ŶɵӰ뿪߷Χûлͷ֪Ϊûʲôԭ֮ûлͷߵúǸɴ࡭߬ѩ멿ˣˮģܿһУҲģ˶ԶȥӰ
-չСѵõ°
-£Ϊʲô£
-ᶮġ
-ʲôʱŶ
-ȵһ죬㺰֣˻ߵʱ


58 ŵ
ฮ, ЩŹ֡
ԶǵһԵˡԳŻѩ멻ϣûŶɣʧ, ͷŵһȺѾҲ֨ͷ, Ÿδ֡
ְ, óǸʱ, ӦûǳӲǡ
Զ벻͸
벻һʥּ, ̩̱㶯ˣû졣Զмɻµʱ, үҵȴ˵һ硣û⵽һֱпӦΪ˾콫ʢѴɣҲǿС˵СͱСɣϮλ
ԴƵõһЩ
ҾػϿǹչˡԶ⣬ƫնҲʼ, һڲˣ죺밡ʥּд, ̩һ, ԼӺ˰գý²ҪؾٲȻСԸ⣬ʮĻûϹܣ
⻰ڵǸµĺ, Ǹ, Σ̩Ǹǫֻ֮ҪϹµȨ, к£
ҲҲǡ²ûؾһޱҪ̩Ҳؾ˰ɣ
Ȼ̩δλ֮ǰо˵һ¡
үԽԽɼ˴øԶ
ѽ
Զнп಻
ЩȻȥˡүүã̫̫ãɩɩá
ϣ
Զ뿪Ϊá붫£
صУЩ̱ϡ
С㡭
Ѿ߸˹ﻹǼѩ멡
һۣиΪѹɡ뿴
ӣϧСôõӣѹô
Ȼ
С׷ȥ߽Ϊٲ죬Ǽƥװ󣬶׷ġСɥֻ⣬ôԶҲ֮š
ԣδ⡣
ͷǲҡ
ľͷңôһְ̣ȫȫԿġȴ޷˵뿪ˣͷҲأߵñ˭뵽˴Щܵر۾
Ǵӡ
үү͵˵ٻˡ
ѽС㣡
ȴǲһףֱĵȰֺα֪ȥʱص㣿Ǵģֻ롭ò뿪ʱˡร̩үⲻȥ
̩ʾ޹

˰֣ˣȥɣˡ
ðɡ

̩Ķ飬뿪ǽɫʱһСţÿÿһס˯ͥԺ˳䵱һҹ
Ķ붫УȻ˯ڷҲªĶ»ǽ
үСطֲڡ峤ǸʵͽũȻڽλƫƧҲȽϱɵһʱСүһʼϻ˰죬׹ǸŮ
ЦЦʾ⡣
ҹˣ峤ЩϢա
ãõġ
峤Щŵ˳ȥżʱЩ˽š
ү¸ڸɲһޱӦû˯㡭ǽҹûԡˣõȵһСסǱվȥˮ
泵ӻĸֻϻһˡq軳Ҳ߸ʱ䣬ҽ˵·ϵԸеĺãԶھˡϾҲвҪһ˽ףqºӣȶٻҲ١
ֻǿϻ⵱ġ
Ӧúܹqδĺɣ
үûеƻҴдš
ţдɡ
ҲԹԵʰ̣üѾȥæԼ¡·ԶЩѾӹҲжã۵һг̡һ½ҹҪǵޱսһţǸɲϵζЩţʺζ
֪ѷǴޱ˰ˡҡҡͷ
ҪúչԼʳ̫ܳ٣мǱҽ˵ǼϺǻڸдعǵǰæף̫͡ϻһдţһֹżݡ붫ͬ˯һļѾһЦ˵ϻϧӣ΢ĵúܡ
ѽﰡϻǿЩ˼
ҲЦˣû˵
үϻع˵Ȼq軹ھǣôǿ϶ҪʱġûʲôҪq轲ûʲôû¡qӦΪЧ͵ġ
ϻûѻ˵ƣô϶õҪ˵ʲô
ûô
һüһҡͷ
ûУ
ûС
ɸɴػؾһ˱ѣ
ǻġ
æµһ飬ʱ
ɷϣ뿪ǵһ˵˶֣صĻۿԼ뾩ԽԽԶǣҾ˼֡
ͦдţ֪ġ
ѹԼһ̫ˡ뾩ǵľ̫Զһ뿪Ƕ˹ϵչ谭ÿдţͻ뵽ԼΪ֮ŮͲܹҸپʹൽʲôʱսһģȵͷ䣬˵һؾеڶأԨ˶ܷ
αء
ҲЩϻ
ϾϻǶ֣϶һʶһϸԣȰ޾ɺá
Ϊﰡ
ζıϸϸ겱ϹҵƽŵͻȻ֡ŵŵŵˣֶͬһ˼壬һյĸо
֪ʱЦ˰졣
㿴ŵֶһԱߣ˵ԶţŵǳɿɣҪԸɣҾүֻҪˣ
ۡ
ʲô˼أ𣿡
ĸҰֻҪδܸң˵첻ʱֻỵ
Ҳţ⾩ǣ˻ϲ£Ļѵң㾡˵һȥˣʲôҶӦ
ɵѾͷ
Ҳɵ
䣬Ŀ
ͷĻǽͻȻԼʱԸֻƤû˵ڡǻ˰ء
Ҫģܸ

ɱ׿ºڡ


59 㰲
²ʮ, ڽӽʮһѮʱ̩ĳӾһµİ棬ڵִǡ㰲
㰲λƫƬٵĳǳ, ѶΪ, ൱ڴϵľһλ, , Ρġӳǰ, ʥּѾӼʳӵִﵱ, ڹ㰲һ·ſӭӣšྲرܡӣ£һط
̩ǰͷŵģʢѡ
ǧǧǧǧ, ̩ǧǧǧǧꡪ
սͣڹ㰲ǳ£ǰһ·طĳӾ񣬻
㰲
̾һ
ʢѹʢͬ, Ĺλڹ㰲Զɽ, Ĺʮٸٸ׼鱦ΪᣬĹ˻Ȫ˳ƣʢǰ彣ңؼ, ˻عʹ
ļ, ̩ͬõȻš
ջּ, ̩ڲ࣬ô̩ȻҲ֮һȳģĳ֮ףְλͬةΪΪʢι꣬ڰٹ֮ϣһ۵λλү΢飬ģ֮
λݣһԲ
Ҳûн˼ĹžͲˡа˰֣Ǵ˺һְΪ࣬Աһɲ䣬˹Աʸ񣬴бµĳ佫ɡ֪Σ
λȨ
ԭԱֻû˸ҳԷ
̩˾΢ȻͬΪһݣࣺ΢Ϊࡣ
չأ֮ƽƽ֮⣬ΪȣһְȻҲҪءΪΪһǫģ˵꣬ӶеЦˣΪ˵ͷʢ꣬Ϊ࣬ɾûеˡΪְ֮࡭һѡ
ԱиС壬̩Ҫ㣬ȻҪԼȲ˵Ȩ񣬴϶ͳεģֳļȻˣ϶Ҫչȭţȹö˵Ȩ
λã˶߾ʦζͷϡ
򵥰һְֹµĹھӱš˰ȱȫȨǶ˸𡣶Լ˽ⲻ࣬ɶδعϴδ¹Ҳûʲôͷգ¶ɴȻϽ࣬ദ֮ٻ̩ɰģϡ
ɻعһֱƲ֣Щϸڣж

үѾˡס֮ǰԺӣסүǰǶ
Ĺܼ룬һ֡ѽʮ꣬һһֱĹİ¡үްʱǶڷ˺ü죬¸һ£ǵүѻعСѾôʱǿƲסۿ޵úף
ǶͲסˣ˺úʰôŰɡһסǰǶһۣĨᣬɬһЦ۲Ҳ̫ѹˡ
ͷ̫ûүռͷ˲ٻôƯͷˡֻϲ
뿪ꡣǸʮ¶СӣѾǽǵүԱȵ꣬ûôȡ֮ģδĳ밲ģԽûЦ
Ӵ۲ôһͿ޿أǾǳزСԣЩȥַ֣ϻӺͷ˹һЦӯӯЩ켦ʳ¯ģҲһַ֡
ĨᣬЩãү򣿡
УǻУ
үͻ
ϻһЦã㣡ǣ켦ҷָģҰʱˣ˻·ϵûи
ŶҲˣź켦ЦЦʵǲǾʶĹﰡ᲻޽ɾͶһ͡
q衣ѵ
͡
ϻ۵ãЦź켦ֻˡѵöҲ˵٩УЦøˣԼҲ˲١
ǽֽ𣬹±ʱһעʳ⡭
ɻص鷿֪ΪΣ⼸ǩġ˼ȥͻȻʶ뺬Щ𡣵µʦ˵ǩһС˱ֿ˵ǼȻֶԵϺţֻǡ
ֽ𡭡ǳ£
±߱ǹһˣȴӲע
һע
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ǩģǽǽɣ
-Ůʩǩǩ
뵽һ仰ɱЩˡ
ôеûģҲ³ɡ̾һ̱ϡȥɣˣβʹһЩһءӴԺ󣬵һŮүһعһˡ
ֻźû˻Ằˡ

ǡ
һذǾĻħ̵ĹŮչ
ۡ
װУֻǴĴ߹ɢģ˭֪ߣǲ֪˵ѣ˵ʲôĻħ湻˵ûôҰǱ˵ҥģ˶ΪѶԸ
Ҳˡ
ؼǾȻôڣ
С㣬ͦ󡭡һ䡣
˵ǰĴ죡ǻչﲻʮͣӻϲСѾأСƢȴ˵а۵ظŽ˵£һѳӣʱĴԼġͣһ£ֵʱչԼһλСӵʯʨɽɢģ·ȴ˲ӣСӲԸɽˡλ²¿ôţ
Լˣ
Сǲ̫߲
ħ˰ɣ
ȺڵһһȺԱû¸ɵСϰգôôϲСȻĴأҲòˣɼǵأǻ˸ѪͷȻ־͹Թɽ~Щ⣬ͦ˵˻˵ڡ
ҲҲ~˵ЦЦһأʱ򰡣һ˳ˣչǰţչҲ첻µزµĶԲһ֮£˾ҪɽС˵ҲˣԸȥɣ


СϰЦÿ
ȴԭء
-ˣҲŲϲӣϲɵӣҪȥ棡
-СɵӣؼҰɡ
ˡ
ǰʯʨɽ´һܵʱ򣬵ȷֹһͷԵɵСӡŬػŵĻ棬Ǽʵģ벻Ǹ˵ӡ
˫۾
Ǻһ˵ġ
չߵţֽλ˹үǴһλŮүҪ˵չүôãһжע˵Ե~ллλ˵˵
ɵۡ
Ǿþûز
С㣬˵ľȻĹѣ

֮£߬ǿ顮Ѫ
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60 
ʳ̫Ӹ
ɶ״Ƿ, 跹˼¡ܾάϵȴ֮
̫Ӷ˳̩ſһһأüͷ, ݡ̩붫뿪, ̩һֱ̫ӱϵ, ֮, ĶǶɵ顣Ҳλ, һԸͬһһھȴҲҹΪ鷳, ¸̫̾һЩ޴롣
ѵΪ常飬һֱƲ֣
˵
һã˷Ը־
Զ̫ӸǰЩ
֪Ϊʲô¡⴫һˣ
־ذ
ڡ
˵, ȥ㰲ûУ̫һЦˡ
㰲ǣԶһЩȷǡĶ
Ķѽ̫һ, һְ, ֻż̧ۿǿǸõطȵϾķء˶˵ˣ㰲, Ǵƽ, ռط͵ռ¡
, ǶţšȥԶЦ鲻̫ԡ֣̫ӵƽ޹ûȥ㰲ɶ˼㰲ǻĶǣ

ô֪ãûȥ㰲ǣ
Զһ㶣̧ͷʱö̫ζЦݡ

㰲ǡ
ڸϢ󣬾״̬ǺһЩϻ󲿷Դү£һ֣õչ̩ʱ̫ӻ㱨⣬ϻҲʱʱ¸֪q裬һʱô죬һʱչǱΡqյͷֻһ䣺Լ㶨

ϻûӣֻʱ̶ɵ鲻Ҫߡ
ʲôùġ飬ȴһƣۡ۵Ƥֲ̧ǵһڹ㰲ûɶֵġ
ǰϻǿΪǰĶɣôһĮӵˣϲϲ磬˵һ˶ĵطϲ徻̬ˣôһϻôһģھʱǸΪÿŵСӣѵͬһˣ
ӴүڸİҡҲѲһ³ʱ˴󳼣Ҳеǣ
ɿϻһۡ
ϻҲ˿
аɡ
Ҳö̫ۣϾɳĹ
ţɲŷѾת䡣
ϻϸĵ׼ۣõ˸װأ±ϳɵҲ⣬ԼļСӣƵسˡ
㰲ǵطȾҪСȴλƫв֣Ҳܻͦӭɫܾرϲ㰲Сǣöܿôѩڼɹ̫һ¡Ӱ죬СҲϲ㰲䣬ܸ磬Ҳһ¡֪㰲ǽһѩʲôʱ£
Ӵļ˵լӣ
ϻͻȻһ߸п
˳ķȥֻβһլԺųܱȵļơ߽ƣڽڵɲŷԭլӱȷһۻҪ࣬ͳһװηһŻȥûб߼ʡ
ȷҡз۾ƺЩãҲ֪˭ҵĵطǰ㰲ǻûôլӰɣ
涫ɳем̴ӣ𣬱ǰ𻰡
ү̴֪˵Ƿҵլӣү뿪㰲꽨ģݼӽݻˡ
ҡЩɻĴ󻧶⼸ҲĹȴôûʲôңϸһأд𰸣ĪǣǱף
̴գգۣͷ
ʵԶ壬ɱ˲˵ͬʱҲ˲ˣ˹ӲдգһЩͨӲȫ˵ĳ̬Щ˾ԼľǻʼѪ±ҲҪȫˡҸʵݣͬһڵӦҡ
ⷽҡ
ͬߡ
үҪ¥ˣǼûģЩȥһ׼ñүҪģ
˵أⷽƫű߳һŻӣĭԶƼüȻͷƫ̴ӣʵݣ
˵ⷽҵүǰӣïģڸ˽зï߳ǷïСӣзΡ׵Ǽ꣬ܶ΢Сӹһ٣ȴ룬ڵӱȵ󣿣ʵ۵岮ïʵͬ붫ͬ
ɺһҲȥǸʲô¥ߣ
ү
ʲô
Ҳû˵£ֻ˼¥¥ү
ϻͼ̴ͬ¥ǰʱ̬һִ١ǾҪϻĬһķţֻϣq費Ҫֵط˷˱ᣬүֻһʱ棬ǲȥġϻ𷢴ˣȥࡣ

ү
Ҫ뿴ǸΣΡ˵˲֪ô£˽˶֪װԲοʵĶЩȤĵǣΪʲôôһ˼ңڹ㰲ǵǮˣȻ㲻󻧣ЦҪƽϣҲ֪ǣٳªɡ
Щ
Ӵιλӣ¥ӭ˹һɣЩȦСôҲֻǿźüα뺷ӦǮ˰ɡСѽ֪ػҪ죿
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ϻҪ¥õλҪõλõġ
ӴӴϡСԵȰ
á
á
ǣõλҲˣôһȺݺݺ˹ֱ۵򶫷񣿳³үЩӦһȺű¶ŮܹЦҲֻǲػ˻֣ȥ
ϻһЦӣ֪ǸҲӵء
˰ɣǿӣǮ
Ӿûģ
ɾЩЦҶɶ
չҲĸ˺ˣҲ˵㡣ϻһ˵һ񶫷ɵķӦֻǶɵҲãֻЦһȻֹ˶ƢǰɣСҸqȥ

㡭㰲ǣ
šԶۣװ֪飺̫ӵ½˵˵㰲뾩ĵط˽ܵ飬ɽˮûȥҲûԶšҪҸᣬǹ㰲ߣ
ûеӦҲûпھܾ
ֻЩ㱣ǲһþãȻԶЦ
һ̣ԶҲ
ȥȥ㰲ǵĻأɩɩȥôȥôƽҪ̫Ӹˣû˽ô죿
һ׳ü⣬ЩźͲ֪롣
𼱡ԶЦЦȥɩȻǲͬеģϾ̫㡣һ˵ȥ㰲ʵ̫ӵ˵ģȻҸʲôİɣȹЩʱգӺúõҾʹȥ㰲ߡ
á
Щáʱ򡭡ǻõݸġ
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߰ǰǰ¶ռʡԼҲᡣ
С㣬ǡǼѩ멣ǲǸһͬȥЦˣҲʼˣǱ߽ϺǴȥɱʮ¯ӻأ
ӡ
ǵ˶ֻ¯ӣȷʵáżꣿֻ¹˼벻¯면ȥҲãɾĻܵӣ
ȥɣЦᣬڴǵװŪˡ
á
õһ
ʲô̥ǰ


61 
˵ⷽ, һ竡
ɵ¥ãҲáһʼｾݹߵĹӸ˺žòԾֹǽݹ˰, Եһ, żȨ, ȾƵģôӡڱǿֱü, ôӦñݵ˶û仵, Ρզñס
ӣ⻰Ҳ̫Ц, ΪȨǺءǮǺܶŻôѽ~ȨƵ˶֪ô̺ӣҲЩССְܼӡѵһ仰ôϻЦţǶǷεĲм
Ҳǡ̾
Լ˽⣬ʱǸƷвõү˵ò, ǻӵټ棬Ҳϲáŵѧ, δʮ檳ȺŮ, ϲϲģӻԣ񡭡ǻүүĸֵ, ƺүүǻǰҲϲ, ֻǺô㣬һֱ̡
, ʲһ¡
밡ʲûǣⷽҪѴ׳죿ҲǿǼܻգôĿŵֱǡؽҵӣɶʱ򰡣ⷽΡɶøģ
ҪΪ
һ°ͣЩƣ뿪Щ꣬ⷽҾͷչжйڳⷽε£ͷɸ˶Ȼ˵˵
ϻŵԲôأ
г˹ᣬ˵ͬѹϻûⷽɳüԼҲ
һ˹ҲڣҪúõٰٹ١
ҲǣҲǡ
һ˾¥СʱҲûйҲûֻ˰Ȩѡһʼʱ߶ۣǼɷҲʹͷмµСѾͷƽʱû¥˶а̾ôôµˣ֪¥
Ӵλ
ߵʱСѾͷǻߵòֱӡ
ľơЦЦһƱΪ󷽡
ллӴ̧һӣǽƱպãȻѾͷЦѾͷǣͿ͡
ǡ
¥ţϻЦ
ɿüˣģ̲סʣЦʲôأ
ЦүϻǸӣ϶Ĺǡ
񾭡
һԼЦˡ

ǡ
˹ձ㰲ˣฮ˶ڸԶ׼Էʱ·϶ȱʲôڼģ߳ɢġ
С㣬ȥĶ
֪
һξãھôģ
žİ裬ĸ߶û⡣ľͷǰ̫໨ˣȥȥǶԼƻľͷˣʲôÿڼд֣Ŷȥ̾һһ̧ۣƼ

ɻ𣿣
۾һ
ɣ
һƲסĺЩϲõͣˣһЦ
չ
ֻǴ̽ͷ˲ľͷӣδq衣ôôɣ棿
һͷЦˡ
qգǴȥ»Ըġ
˵ڼϻĸƽʱҲн˵еŮ˶Щ˶ӵʱûôࡣq豾ҲǾܵˣռֵȥǽĳ¡ֻû뵽·ϾȻСѾߡ
ôĶӰ
һͬqĶ־ϲһqĶЦһֽСŮҵıֺɬqɽҲȰЦݣֻؿԼĺӡ
q㣬ͦŸ۲۰һĶӣͷ
۰ûа취qֻЦţȫûյĮ
ӡӴŮӻоͺˡ
ǿܸջϣӾûˡ

һֱЦͻȻһ
q㡫
Ҳεεغôһ
ţ
þûүˣ֪ôһۡ
һѡ
ӦöæµɣϻҲἰqһֱͶ˵Сл⡣̾һЩǣ
ô𣿡
Ҳ֪ˮǵʲô˵֮һֱʳ񣬱ԵþͲ࣬ڸǳԵ١Ҳ밡Ӧˣֻʣһͷ
ۣүò̫ð
ǰҪĹ£϶Ҳ˯ãһȥתȾ
Ӵ찡
qһһţĶʼ
ľͷӡƲƲ졣ôѧúչԼء
¡
ô࣬ŮŸɽеĸǼһݣҲŷ飬Сĵطq³εԭľҲŷ
һ£ʲôţ
ţȥһ֧Եǩ
á
ˣԵǩ
ǵõʱⳤݣq豳ȥء
չôˣ
ûСҡҡͷǰqԼ˵ĻһߡҲ˵ˣԶЩΣΪչ˴ӵq裬˿ҷֻɵߡ
Աһչ˲١qЦſȴơ
ң
һʱرϲ⣬һΣҾصģʲôʲڡqЦ˵ǻҸ˵Ļô
Сѵõ°
Դһԡ
չʴϻۣǲҶ˵Ϊβȥأ
ҡɣ
ԡ
Ҳ֪ĵ׻ǡ
Ҳ֣С㣬СضЦҲǲжٴǰˣ˽Ǹôˣÿμ㣬ͱ˸һɵɵģ˵qͣشЩȣ֪ĵδ¶ԹɵС˼
Ҳѵá
СôԵΪȻҲ˲²ţ
ǵ԰ɡ
q㣬˵Щ
Ҳûɵ˵£չӾ̫СˣһãȴδǹԼòáһȥɡģЩ˶ỤСӲܵ˺ͬģҲỤ㡣


62 ɵү
, һΡ
εϤľǣϤĶɡʱͻȻԼ붫ɾһ顣˵˿ĽԵһ棬ڶ̯Ӷͷ˵Ǿ䡰ÿ, ʱ, ŻȻ򡣡ɡ, ͷһС¹ײ
㽻, òã
ԭԼֵ, ֻʱԼȫû⵽
ֱ֪ͻ޵ðǸҹ, ɵôģһ飬ҹµǴǣ˯еǸӵ
뿪ġ
˵ô黰
Ķ˲ô࣬ʱ룬ſʼӯ
ôһ, ɻߵô

㰲ǡ
ʮ£㰲Ǳ䡣лǵһڹ㰲ǹ, ϰ˾ԶĺӦ, һΣ̲סţסĹů
䰡䰡䰡䡭
̩ȵҡ
糯б̩, ೣζ, ˶ظ·һԡ
仵, Ҫ仵ˡ˰¯ʲô졭ݺů˲١һ²ӣڿ£е˵үˡ
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֣ôôڿӴҲڣ
μ
񡣡
ζöҪģʶȤȥˡ˳ǰζصһ۶ɵװ磬̾ԼʵˣССͶźصۣⶬոһȫ䡣Ҳһ˼ֱŶ߽Щţɶһ·ѵô
ʲô䲻ģҵǺϲء
Ӵ
ɳˣԵǰͬ
ȻڶԼãһҪˣһۼȥѾͷ̧˵ҲǰˣɴҲͻȻı仯Լ̫ûúô˰ɣֽѾǸʮ깰˵л֡ǸСˡɶ
ţ
£Ҳʮ˰ɣԼ˵űЦˣǳ磺ʱ찡һգɶôˣʮ꣬Ҳǹǳ׼˵ֻ͡ǿϧ常ôȥˣģ뵽˴Щѹֻδڶǰ¶
ֿˣʵ档
ô᣿
ǻôÿҵͻ˵˼˵ʱ򣿡Цˣ̾һ˵ʲôʲô˰ûЩڲҪôæ뱻Ů鳤ǣס˵ԼҲûȢأɵץһЩǶҿ֦ɢҶ
ìͷһתصԼȥˡЩ˼ֻЦţûд𻰡
СѾͷƬӣ˵治
ö˸Цˣ÷ŵĶԻȤʵԺ죬д󳼻ǰվ֮ϵáһʵëģЩ˾öɱӣү͸ԼԼЩöŮңʺϹһΪԼĹҾȻҲԼķ˾ôµ򱧲ƽһ£¶ڶö˵Ĺϵ۷׷ףը˹
λȤΧ۰յۣżҲñ˵ȡЦԷϵ˿ûܵӰ졣
ˣһûü˵
ǽϵôɺܿӹĻΪҪԼ˵񣬱˳Žȥ˵ʵҾóĵ֮Ǵɲ˵ڳϷֵɵԽԽ࣬ҪΪףΪǡвδ˵£ǼˣּΪõ˼Ҳ£ͬһ
ร˻
밡ֵµһҶµȨƹأҶӶǣֱһˣȻ֮ˮݣҲ˻ƺ⡢ලáǲʱʱ̿ܿЩ󳼵ģභ˽»ԷĶνְ֮֮
ͷͷǵȫ濴ƣѧϰò
οЦˣ̲ס佱ʵǼãɶԦȨѧÿ԰ֿɾͷˡ
ǻ̵ֽúáɿǻ˵Ǽ£ɶһô
ѽǣ
ţ
¸ˡ˵Ǳˣ̫ӸͶʮǰģԹǹ߰ձ㵽㰲
ŶһͶ
ֲȱʲôҪʲô
ǶȴһأֱЦ˵ҪҪЦʵ̫ˣʲô£ɾϲЩɣһʱ뵽ֱԲ
ԣòֱӽҴء
ô㲻ڴ
Ҳ㲻ڴֻǣòᣬǸչɡ
ɶ
˴𰸡

Щ֣һģڸʲôأ
ҵ
뵽ҪﻹЩ
֪Լʲô̬ȸԾ̫ѹˣԳ̩̲ס޲ץһ֪߱ϻúõ˵һϢ־Լʧݡ
ôǸЩ
ҲԼģҸ̫Ӹ糶Ϲϵôض̫Ӹˡһ㣬Զ϶ǸŵģʱΪ˼˼Ҫģȥô죬˽»ʱֻСѽ˻ûأҶʼʲôʱȥˣ
𣬶ɣ
ʲôû
һ𣬿ɵó־ᵽʧ˻һڻ԰С·ϣԹԵС߶߶ǻûأʮˣ˵ʲôҡֲǺ۸ģȶҲãΪʲôҪͰ͵شȥ
үˣ
ȥô죡
һͻȻͨŵöԭԭ˵õһӽЩţǵôô찡˵߰·񰡣
ЩԺǰү֮ǰȥǸʹǻˡ
ǵ˵˵ʲôˣɵӴҵСడΪءǱҪ᣿


63 ϲ


ءˡ


ϻȥ
ҹѶ, 鷿ġ¶ٽӴµĹ˵ǸƫƫߵϻһشǷɧŵöһңʲôȥȥȥȥȥȥ, ˾߿, Ҹǰɿ־, 뿴ܵ˶, ٲŬ񲻻¡
ϻ̱, һ߳Ͽ˵ү, ƽʱһδ˯ˣȥͲôһҹˡ
ϻˣĵĻ϶ڶҳûȥ˾Ϳʼࡣֱĥһѿһ, дȻҪһ㿴һ⣬Ҫϻ̾һʵɸտʼӴʱҲһ, ʲôаȻ˲, һҹƣ۵ġ
ϻѵϣҵһ
Ȼ
ǲͳˡЦЦϻģ̣Ȱ䣺˾ȥЪϢ, ҲҪź򡣻ͷԼ޵
ϻҡҡԴ
ҿ¡
ϻҡҡԴ

̧ۿ

ò, Ҿ̫ˡ
үҾͦԵİ
ӴιϴβùȺô, һãܻû⣡һɡ
ϻΪԼôĲ˯϶ɺúһʱ׼ЩʲôϲȻǶɵߣϻıģɶᵽүô᲻ǣȻϻһӣ˵ǼЩʲôṦ书һӼһ¶
ɾ̫ɵˡ
Ǹô㣿
ϻʲôʾ𣿡
һЩѲ߾ڵļԻԶ̾ѡѽⶼˣү̸أҶΪǶоʲô߳ȫûʵǰһ仹ôúøǿŪϲ
뵽һϻϲҪúһķ飿ЩطˣһЩطСԣչúøһ£Σ
ɳ˰Ρ

զү
զ
еաϻһ̫ˣֱȹĻҪ⼸ȥ˯һģǡᵽ£벻а
ʲôϲأ
ϲɶ

wowС쿴ߵķӶǵĲһأ
Сĵ㣬ձհˡ
òã
࡭
ι
һߣԶһѾ̤ȥ·
ǾԼжʮճ̣ǱعơΪ·Ϊ˱֤ȫһ㲻ҹУȥһʱԼ·;谭ʱִǿҹ·ٶ졣ճʱԼȥϧԶطˡ

ָͷӣЩġ
ҺɵѾͷҲ·ϺôиơȻĻȺޱԼ˵ȤԶԻ衣
С㣬ô̾ˣһֱתתȥһ߳ķӣһǱ߳Ľ˵ǶԸ·УʲôȤǵͷɣƲֵģҲ֪ǲˡѾһ·͵㰲ǣ
ǲǰѾôе޾ɡ
ӴǵأҸղʹˣ˵ǹ͵㰲ǣֻҪãЩ뵽㰲ǵʱǸʲôģ
⻰ʵȤ
㶣̫ףʲôʲôģ
ǡҪҪĴһ»Ǽƻ˵ʲô֮ġǰѩҲôʱǸʲôԵɣ

ʵǸӣ˵վԭɵЦԵˣõžĴ磿ˣ¶ɲϲʹ멵ԵɡҲеա
Ҿá
ţ
ֱ£ʲôѽǰôõĴҲգǲҪҸɴҸ磬ҵүүأ֪ôļһβͶˡ
ӴС㣬Ҳû˵˼үܾѽ߳һ˵ЩĵĪˡС㣬֮ǰӿˣҺþû˵ˡֱ˳
һ۵
ɶ˼֮ǰ˵ò
ۼֱ˰˵εθͲԣеɱ߿һҵ˼ǣε˵мܲס
ޣСӡ
⣬ãò񻰡
һҲ׼ѩļڣҲ񺮶Ǹʢʱѵƿ˳⣬ش⽾쳣⡣̲סһŵķһʧˣеģڴϲá
ɳɳĵطԭôô

֡
㰲ǡ
ůĵء
ݸһЦͷ죬ͻȻ𶫷ɵЦʱӡôõһﰡֻϧǸɵӡ̲סЦˣûгκζȴۡ
е
ɡҼ㣬Ҳ㴷

ÿ£
ҹ˾ʱѾⴲЪϢΰѼһϤĺæ˵ƻ𣬼ҴҵܵɵĴǰ
ӣôˣ
Ѿź˶£һʱĿںΪүʵϻqҲһֻݲȴѾ׽ʶʱĿڳƺⱻ𱸡
جˡһ࣬ƻӳյʱֵҲ󺹵ģѾ۵һæ̨ŵһߣתȥҸɾëǲǳԶϻĶһȣҹζ񡭡ӣȿˮ
š
ûоţ˾һСѾͷЩ
ˣѹҲǲˡ΢΢һЦӹĲˮ
ʲôجš
ļǲ
Ҳա
ֻһΣǳ˵Ķ෴ôεõģô϶Ԥʾк¡㰲οԼһ۴죬ɻ󣺡ˣաǾ
ƺҲȥô߰ˣֻǷһ˯Ժȷ
Ѿߵͷǰ˯ǰ˵أ˵ҪЩϾǶҪһ¾ǵĿˡ󵽰ɣӳ緹ٳŷ
֮ǰԸĶ˿аף
ˣԤˣ⼸ֻܷԸһ˾׼¡Ѿ߶˶٣ȻЦˣӣչ￴ôһôϲô
ӡ
š


64 ҹ
, ɰ˼ҪţȰȰסֻôҴææͷڵϣѾȥ˼ë, Լװûü㶨, ȥˡ
ͬһ, ʢ㰲Ųܹ׽, ʽָ, ſڿ֣빬ϲ, мһӵֳµ޹̩ɺ󷽣ֲ൱ÿϳҪ;ӵȻ빬ȡ׻ʵ֮ۡ, ֮
ʴʱ˿̣ǽԴӹ빬ִµȺ, ӹһ·, 빬ϣټӾǶʹԶ
³־أμλүԸүǧǧǧǧꡪ
ա
лү
Ϊң볯񲻺, ڹ㰲һջ١Զ㰲ɢ, Ҳ̫Ӷ˳ŵʹһЩǵزԼʹ, ʵλ⡣Խյİݼɼ̩빫ٿ᷽˽ټ
ɼ˶ɡ
ɶʲô
ϣ⵽ԼѾˣдƣҲֻĿͿһߣûзӦпȥˣֻСĵһ䣬üˣӲҪô˽£ҪȥﲻɣҲǶ仰ɲһӻعæС̫˸ɫСֽʹԶ
մˣСĸơ
ڻʼ˹̫๬Ů֪ԼʲôʲôˡھʱةŮཻãֱǹˣ֪£뷨һҲ˵ֻؼԼ£ȥɣûרķ̡ԶݽֽС̫ҲǸˣ֪²֪СĵߵԶߣòǰԵƵͷֽˮһҲ赨ӡ
ԶһۣЩɻ
մԶˣүصظĺþƣС̫΢΢һЦүš
รõĺõģһೢԶЦˣŤͷֶԼ
Ŀ⣬ʶ

㰲ջ
Զ빬ææظϻؿջ·ϴ򿪵ֽǿϱߵЩ⣬ܾмǲǳ˲²²⣬ҪϢ߿ջȵļǸˡ
ã⡭ԼϵĵǽȥúΣ𣿶һ˵Ӿٴ
˵ò׵
ԶЩġ
ӴүѲ˼ܰС˲ɣǽҲһǻɽҰûֽ˵ôʲôǧʲôԱ·ڻ棬к¡
Լôɭĵط
үĲˣʲôɭ˼үһ
ҾûǶɼ˱ȽϺá
ԶһһسΧŶԼʱ͵صִ£һΣգһðȫߴߴɳáصûֻһױ̨ǰվӣȥ˺üѣһľڴ緽档
ѾͷȻṦ򣿡
үСҺòãһܱСģ
˳ôò
̲סǣ̾һǱ˵ˣܸܲҿһҴʲôã
ʱ룬߳š
ʱ䣬㰲һĵƻѾϨ𣬹һ¿İǣϴЪϢЩƻڵĵطЩɢԶ˵ϳ˼Ҽһǰҵĺûֵˡ
Ҳǣô䣬Ҳû˻
С㣬СЩ¯úá
ǳŵǶģů¯Ŷʱůģ·ϻΪ䡣Զɼţǵ֮󣬼Ӱವһ·棬һ˲ΣաӡԶվڿջſڣЩЦãүĵ̰ôôأ˲ˣϡҲ˰ɣһǻطЪϢȥɡ
¶ĸԶֻĬĬطȥЩԼȻûдϷͬСҹ㰲ǵǸԼҲЦˣ˻ԴΪõ£ôʹ˵಻࣬˵ҲɰˣǷҲٰ
ǰԼصһ·ϣѲԼ˰б˵ǿˣһֻ󾭹šһ㣬֪ûʲôµĸоΨ߬ѩ멵Щš
С㣬㻹ò
š
Ӧ𣬵Ʈ
Ťһҡҡͷ˰ˡиһβźá
ɸԶֽдšԼǽǧĺһ桯УҪ˵ʲôҴһ㡣Щ¶ɶн٣ѱ䡭š
뵽һ㣬ָ߬멣߬÷ס
ȷһµĲ²⡣
һѾϲءһ㣬ȷû
ˡ
һϲˣԴ

ڳǽʻһ·̺ͣˣϹϾǶ³ֻһ䣺չ˳Сһ·ߣߵͷǧĺүǶš
ҲţҲʲôôָһ·ڷǳֲָ
ҹûʲô磬Ƭƽһ룬¹ղ
ơ
˵µǼٵġ
οֻһ·߶øţֻȺ
С㣬ֲ𣿡
˿ɫЩѿ
ҡ
Ҫ㡭
չĪҪˣүзԸ˵ߵʱ򣬾ͿЩȥ£һ·ûʲôֶֻǼ·ѡ򶼿ˣô죿ֻ߻ȥţһ˱Ǽѩ멣ӲͷƤСȥ
һƬҶҹ죬Щ졣
̲סͷһۣʵ̫ڣôѾλˡˡɵʱٽ˱һٰɡҧҧŤͷߡ
Сǵóѣ
ߵһ·߬ѩС鲽˺þãԼƼǰһɫӰǡʱɢЩϡ¹ǵӰϡ
վһСϣһ£򵥵ţŹ⣬ԶԶؾƼ
һʱ֮ס˺
ǵһΣףòĶɡ
ȻǸ˻عͷԼȥЦˡ֣Ҳ֪Ǹʲô˼ƣֻһʱǧĺܲݴͻȻð˺ö㣬ԽԽſƴΧðںͣôһȻλƵأƬǡ
ʧߵɸǰΧƣŶɵЦգ
ˡ
ҡ
ûлش㽫ӵ뻳Сѩ멵Լ˵½òЩΪԼΡͷɼʱŷԼ붫ͬŰ£ƣֲĸԼĸǶɡЩίԼվھǳ¥ϺֺɳƣǶɶûлعͷһ졣
쵰ڳ۽ǷᡣŶɣܣ
ΪʲôߵûеңΪʲôҺôãҡǸ¥Ϻôã㡢㶼ûлعͷҡΪʲôôãôûôѵ뿪˵ɣûҵĸܣҵƽ㻹ҳȥ棡ôණߵôİã
ֻǽһ㽫ػ˳ôණס졣
ôԽԽ߶ˡ
ЦţĿԣյúܽ
Դײһıӡ
ȻŻ

磬Ǳеǲˮ
ģ
磬ôоǱߺܶͷζ
Ƕ
Ǹأ
͵ɡ
ô޳ܣȻ͵磬Ҳȥһ£


65 ǧĺ
ǧĺС, Ӱš
ĿʱѾƮգԭڵҹʱǹ죬̧ͷȥֻ, ӳƬ, ⶬն쳣ů͡ڶɵ, Щһ, ̾һ
ôˣ
ɵͷ, ֱ۽˽
ûʲôҪСֵġһԴ, ﳶǼ멵ϸֹģ䣬ƽǲעഩ·һůͣ·ûʱ, Ҳġ
áЦЦһֻ̧ջ, ѩƤëϵļ, ģһ˿ů⡣һһ߷ģֵù졣ֻǴŵۣǴˡ
ǴǰδеŮү, ӻŮ֮, ԣʲôҲûô, ֻǾ㴩ȥҲƽ·ҲãСŮװҲãһֻܴȡ
˵ҵѵõˡ
ȻЦˣǴһԺ˼˰ɣرˣõĴݣҲϡҡ
û˵ֻЦڶɵĻ
һֱ飬ԾظЦˣҹգá
ǧĺںܾúܾúܾǰѾˣطһƬݵأǧĺǺȻ֣άֵһֱûб֮󣬽Ƕڹ㰲֮㰲ǽһҲǧĺܷ羰Ҳͽʼ֡ó˵齲µǽǧĺرΧȻһ㣬һ£Ұտڿഫʹ³Ϊ˹㰲ļ䡣
ǧĺ˵֣뵽ʲôʵ
ǧĺһǧģ

һ飬֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
һǧģôôء
˵𣿡ûӦ뵽Լ˷򡣿Щ⣬˵ҾûëǧĺǧĺȻͻ뵽һϱһǧ֮ġоʲôǧٿġôɭ͸Ӧ
ˣ˵ɴһţû˵Ͳһ¶ǧĺĹ¿ɲԶˡ
Թ˵꣬ҪôТ壬ҪôǶŮ鳤
УڶŮ鳤Ĺã¸
ǧĺʵԢһǧڴ˴Ե飬µĹԼиġ
Ȼع뵽⽫ԼԼЩֱ̣ӶɡΪΪʲôԢⰡ
˵ʼˡаԼûϢ
Ϊ˵˾ãǧĺĺȻ־͸Ȼϲĳһ˵ķһҲһ˲飬ǳɺϡʵһƬԭû֣Ϊ˵˵ôһ仰ö˻ᵽﷺ棬ö֮һʱ䣬˵˱ͶɵغΪǧĺԢй˵ģһڴ˴Եͻһĵطɱҹ˵˿ʱԼ
ܲأǸԿ˶Է۾ȻĿĴߣ¶Ȳһȼĳ㺡
ڴ˴Եͻһ𣿡
˵ͷ
ŵŵ㶫ɡ

~
ǧĺ·ڣĵúܣѾ˺Ƿ
ԭ˰ġѾɢȺӿͷҲˣֻзҶӻ죬֮Щɭб̾һһ
磬˰
㰲ˣ
Ȣô
ûУ
˶갡
Լʮˣ
һһʵȤҲ̫òˣÿشһξҪһûѡԼ̱ţܲˡС㰡С㡭Ӿ𣿡ĵֱУҲû⵽һŲһƣһʱžʧ
˭
ʶ
Ϊʲôֱضң
ѵǴ̿ͣ

ߵѾߡ
ԭǸڶ߶ĴѾߡһֱŶǧĺְ֮æŵ˷ƣæãѾ꣬ڸչ˵强ĵشǱ˳䰡ԼֲЩǿֻ
ֻû뵽һֵֹѾͷ
СߵѾߣҽߣߺȻɵɵģΪ̫ͻȻӦɣﾫúܵѾͷھȻЩԺɵس˼Цġ
ǴѾ߼㣬̿
ôԭչ˾׾ļһôʶˣʶˡ
Ҿù㰲ֵͦģҸǵķ羰һ⼾ڣﻹڳŴ¯أ㿴ڣվ涼䵽Сİ߿ɾͿ˲١С㰡ɣҲ¶ˣһ޶û~
Ǿù㰲Ǻ棬Щӡ
ȻǺˡ
߶ѾͦкøУΪͦƵģ˵Ҳᣬ˶ġԱ֮£߾Ǹ븮ĻëѾͷûаҴ֣һҲ˼ǰ㣬ͻݣ˵Ҳ˹ĵ塭
ͦ˼ģһǵһߣΪʲô߰Ѿ߿ʵ
รүġΪҼϱߵģȻֵܽͦģǵ߸ү㰴աϱѾͷ˼ȡ߲˼Цˣ´ѾЦԼϾԨԴһͰɡȫζ
ͦõģԼĹߡ

ţ
Ӷͷһǵһ˵ҵԼĹ¡һ˵ֵǸˣСʱ϶ûʲô֣ү˸
ôأѾЦˣػشֽȻ򵥣Ҳ尡Ȼү˵ֵ˼ǡϱѾͷҪ֪У䲻˶üָԼġ㲻һ֣еݣЩòֵһˣǿ϶ûĺ֡
һ߸˵ˡ
У
ܲӰүҲǻҲǲǣЩҲˣ˲١˵һͦһ޶ٺ٣Ҹˡ
Ѿ⻰һЦ


66 Ļ
ݣ
ݣ
ҹ, ǹ㰲ǳǽͨڵĹٵȴХַǳ
үԼһȺ˷ʤ̻һ˷, һ·ϻ, ɹǼѩ, ӵڻ, Ȼһƥ, Ⱥǰܵ÷ɿ졣ݣƥ֮һ, ˸ˣҲͨһȸԾԽԽ죬һ㽫˦ңңȡ
ɡڶɻΪ, һֱŶɵ̧ͷˣСҪɤۣЩҹ￴·, ɱʲô
, ۾أûҪԶЦˣر
һο㵨
еĶɣ˹, ˵ҲǼ, 磬޸֮, ԶϻqһˮһֱһҪչ˵ǺھʱǸÿȥˣҲЩӣż˵죬½
ǽҹȴ󵨵Цţ󵨵ش²ڣǱʲôԡ
һֺ񲻳ͻ
Ϊʱìܣƺɣ͸ģ
Ц޼ɵʲô¡
㰲ǳʱŽգʿǿݣֻڳ¥ϸߺȣߺˡ
ѳŴ򿪣
ɵɤѰҪɳЩСǻͻȻôһĺǰŵˡ۾ɵûԲڶɵĻȥ¥ϵľòͷƺû˴𻰡ûһſˣ߳ʿսì˶ɵݣһй£
²μ
Ǹ¹ʱضسǵġûгһݣǲǱͲܽˣʵõ꣬ʿһӲ֪룬
Ҳˡ
ɻһת˵㾡ְأ͡գسŵֵһһݽ
ʿһ£æߵͷлл
лɡ
ЦģӢˡЩ˼Ϊɫ谵ЩʿûзˣţһȺӺͷأŹˣֵ鷳һˡ˵仰ɱˣɽӵ˹㰲ǳš
㿴ˡ
ŵʱ˽
ԭɫôֻǰΪ̫࣬һЦˣͷֿ㰲ֲķݣһнֵһˣԼˡ
һĻ

ۡ
ɽ˹㰲ǺٶȣǰʱҲˡ
ȥһ£
ϵĻȾƣ첻뵱ֵˣЩ
ѽϸԲԣô졭
꣬˵ˣүˡ
һ·ǣԼȾƣһʱΣڶǰտڡϻһֱ죬Ǻ޲ñӳǡЩһˣ֪й涨еֵǰһϾԲմơҿƽʱǴˡ
ֵ鰡
ӴӴ۰Ƕ
ȺҲˡ
ƽﾭǽӴ֪ȺʲôƢԣԴڸȾƵͷôùɵ۾һˣֿǣţԼҹòһȺˣ
Ͼơ
ǸѶȵ񰡡
үϻæ˹ЦȺһûˣͷҿ϶úǡҹˣЩȥЪϢɣһţǺˡƽﶫɳҪعأз˴ģᰴչһ⣬зݡȾ˵󲻴˵ССǰչ˵ǾԲմġϻΪɵżĸ϶õʣζܴ˶ۡ
ֻˡ
ϵĶǱ˸ˣƺһҲüͷҲûһ£
ү
ϻֻǱǰƽ
ϡȥƽһ̳þƣ˷źȰɡֻôһ̳ɱȶˣ֪ǵƤ

治֪˵ϲأǡһ
վںͷ˵Ļ໥ЦԼ֪øֻɵɵվš
ֻȻɸϻ˵ôһ仰
ҹҵ޵صֵˡ
ţ



67 ƴ
ϻŵȥƽþ, ˵صػֻͣԼߴѾһȥһ·ϣѾͷ¸û, ˵, Ⱦĺ, رɡ
, ȻҲ, ʱǰͷĶЦЦ, ֡𣿡
ҡҡͷ
һ˼
С㣡߼Ƕ㣬ԹﵱС̣ҽҹԸһ𣿸о˵رͶŽҲʰˣһȻָɵĴѾߡ
λӶһ£ߵı, һЩֵ˼
Ѿͷʲôʱ˼Ѿôˣһɻضǲ⡣Ӵ, 죿ڶʲô˼ƽﵹô, ôһһֿѾߣò毺˵ϸٿߣͻȻ뵽һЩȤ顣
ม
ͶԵ, Ҳֹж, ߹ǿˣɵÿЩ˼, ĪʧɷԸ
ˣӡ
ֻǼ򵥵Ľȴӻص㣬ǻһ䣬˷ܵؽţมжԭж֣ݺݺô
жŵĵС
ر𰡣ر𣡽ô˳ڣֲ׻ҵֺǧˣ


λؿ
ߣ
ѾͷħЦǻص޵ʱֹͣˡ
жȥԭ޵СѾҲæ£˶ɺˣҡҷ¯ﴫůÿһ䣬ȥһЩյĺ
Ѿ߱һЩ滻ɾģӦáɾ·˱ȣ΢΢ͷţߴӦʺϵġ
ˣ᲻᲻ϰѬ㣿ϲһһ
ûɶΪϰ߷ԿܻᡭȽϿգ
һֱվԭؿæµһʱ·һʱܷ䲼֣һů
ɡ
ţ
ղǧĺϣ˲ŻġĽչͺһΣʱ·ϣҪᶫһ٣ֻôһ桭ԼͱסˣʱͶߵþǡǲǳϰߣЩˮĿ϶ѾǰһֱΪľͷӵүδ⵽ı仯ֻΪﲻҪҪЩҩ
û¡ǲɵ
ɵһ޹
䣬ɵ˾ˡ˫۾˵Ҳֻ㣬ŻһֱƾôƢЦ˵һÿҲֻ㣬ŻΪֱͻ빬ջسҲֻ㣬Żˣԡ
ɰ˵빬ջسִٵغ㡭q˵ô
ǲҪҪǣֻôɵˣŻٰ˼ֺңҿģһֱߡɣûйֹң
ʲô
ôãڡס
ɵ˫۾ǳ󺣡һ㣬ܾǰ֪ˡʯʨɽ£ԼСɵӵ۾ÿôֱûеֿ˵Զɵٶˡ
ӵһǡ
ҹ½ĸ죬ɫǺڵһСڲ任ϴϴЩڵֻ࣬¶һԴȻĶɡ
ɡ
ţ
ҹȲ裬˯ô
ģɻعͷһЦҹߣΨкһҲ˯úһЩ
ƶǶص˵ͷæǸոռλкܶҪİɣֻ˰ɣڸĸЦֵʱ򣬿ȴûиĸԣҪвͱԹ
Ҳʰޣ˯ǰûϨ
²⣬ҲǸ񾳿йذɡ
в̶ѹߵʱһЩԴڶɱϣɫ࣬Ʋ֡ô𣿡ɵۿĿ顣
ɣҿһֱ𣿡ʵ
ڲ𣿡ɸĳЦһԺ£һ취ġûȥô˵ü˵ġİɣһ㣬һ졭ܹذóףñ˶֪ҵˡ
ЦˣͬػشһҪ˲֪ǵ£ֻҪһܡܸһ𡭡
֪ǵ£ҲǾܸЩ

ţ
ҡ
촽ãȴ˵°䡣֧죬߶ţҿԡ
ţ
Щ⣬ǸоɿԼֵֹģԽԽЩˣæסɵļ磬ﾡЦ⣺ʲôˣϲҪô
Ҵ»лҵţԶܵáú㡭ץ֣սǰ㣬׽Щ˵ʲôһֵǧ𣬻дӴ˾糯֮ġǰҲǵǽȴˡ
ɵôʲôһ̣һǣ˼ҷ޳ףʱ˵ľӡңҸֲǳףŲҪ
һġ
һ㿿ңԡ
~
ҪҪҪҪ
ţһڱְ죬ֱӽ£ۼֿĴˣֱɲѧãƽҲ֪Ǹ˭ѧô뻰ĵܣԼ򶷹ԼҲ˳ˣһ˫˶ɣʱ̽Ե⣬ģǸһ
þǰһΡ
ʲôΣ
μ㡭ֱؿһơ
ɡ
ġ
ү̩Ϣ˵ʢ̫˹㰲ǣЩʱʢ̫Ӽһ棬Ծ֮꣡

Ҳ֪ĸ״Ȼʱ򡭡ź
ү


֪ȥɣ
ɳ

ֺһԹһֱάֵɳʱ
̩ϢòԽֻ֮ˬ̷ʲôɵɫݹǵ̤ţȴԼöһ㲣ɫƣʲôĵ¡
ɶôˣйʵ
ûɶѵҪ˵ҹﱾ˻˼Ǳ˴ںܲˣ̾һתͷְʢ̫ӣôֵôͻȻ

รҲͻȻˣ˵ģˣǡʢ̫ǰʱ˵ãѾǻع·ϣǴ·˶λүתݷá
аԹ
ǰҲáЦЦ


68 ɫ
ʢ̫, Ҳʮ꣬ò䣬Ψһȱݣ˼ȶ, رòŮġʮʱ, б߰˷С, Ů˵, 檳Ⱥֱܻʢһĵķ, ϲƫ˵ƫ, ʢϲӣ֡
һƵҲֻ뿴һŮүݡ
˽ɣ귽ʮŮװϲ, װηҴ˼Ϊᣬ˵ʱ, ֵ˹ȥǰ·, 涫ģСɫȫһɰĴˡ
ˣ¶ϲɫ
ȻСĻƭɣ
գգЦЦ, ȢŮΪ, һѻ
̫Ӣ
ɲǸŮ, ΪʱүӣŰ˸ʲôӵͷΣϮλաµ׻ӵңǶŮ˭Ȣ򣿿Ͳһˡ
ʢ̫ӣȢΪޣʢȻѹƣҸҲҹĿ࿴ǣʮСĸŮӼ˱̫Ӳģ
̫˵ļǡ
ߣ汾̫빬ȥŮү
ΪԼүô˵ҲúùӭʢᣬŻĸú֡
ֻˡ
֮󣬰ǻĵطһƫϡϡذԼʮִ󳼣Ҳûи裬ֻһȺŹ֣£
Ҳˡ̡
ֻǣү˰ʱ֣

Щޡ
ʢ̫ӵȺʱʵǹⲻȥ
һˬʵЦλ󷽴̧ͷȥֻǸӢһɫĽɴͷڱ沽΢΢ζɷָŲ硢ģһˣֻŰɫ̬࣬ظλ΢΢¡𡭡
Ůү
󿴵÷㶡
벻Ƕɹ˵ò

еȻ⵽ģáֻΪҵˣϿɲһǳֱԹЦʢ̫Ī·ʲôѩ˶ˣ˰ʢ̫ӱů¯һþƣ
Ҳ󣬸λ
һЦ˰ɣ
ȻǴ죬ǵڱ͵˵ůů¯ߣȾơƴǣǶȴ˵ʢů·Ⱦ˲ɾѺˣֲֻùԹԵů¯мȥӡ
ʼգɶû
ʢ̫ԶడҲûʲôöдԱ⣬ϣʢ̫ӱ⣿еָвá
ûУô⡭
ûбáʢ̫ӣǺȱƣжֱߵ¾ƣͷȴյù̵Ҿơ᲻֪̩ѿӺ죬ҲĬĬˡʵƵ˺䷢ֻۣһڣͷˣŹ̵Ҿǣһ̼
֪ʢ̫ӿϲľˮЦӯӯ
С
һ
⡭
ʢ̫ӿɲҪŲ
빬԰
ޣĶȻˣһ
̫Ϣŭ̫Ϣŭ
ڵϣаƵ˰ҾƣӶ챻ջˣæƴ˵뵽ĴߣȵҹλүһͬšЦŴӦһͷһж׺ݣ벻̩˵꣬ϷŪңô˸šһۺͷǶЩߡ
ʢ䱻£ʢ̫ӣ䵽ز
ң뵱ʢǿʢҲƥУʵƽƽ¸Ȼ񡭡߬ȭͷһԲ
̫ӣˣСߡ
š
빬ĺ԰ȻȾʹĺ԰¾ûеļ꺮÷ⶬգҲúÿ԰˵󲻴˵СҲСǺͤ빬кӵͷ̩빬Ⲽ֣ߵͤǶʱЩɻ˵ȴ֪⹬㰲ţΪΣӵͷʲôط
ǻ򽻵ǰ˽šǰش𣺡ޣǾʱүİţ⽫֮ڣָֽӵ֮ϵ
ม˵ͷ
ǹˡ
һ㣬Ƕҵˣ
ͤ԰ĺ԰һ÷ֻڼʢֻǵι֦ͷšͤһ¶԰ľɫȴδϣһӰ÷˳żСѾߣ÷ЦĿġ
աǴ۸
˵Ůүòôһλ붫ͬĴڡɿ˹ģҰﷴǻõ̧һһЦգܳΪҫ۵ķ⡭󿴵óˣȴҲԶ߽ǸùǳЦţ
Цö
ôһ˶ϲЦţʵǡܽŮһͬȢʢ˼£ǱվԱߵ˶˭Ѳʲôã
̫ʲôһˣĽãߵҲ˰죬ûͷӣĵһ仰˵ֲ֪˵Ůүôôб£ʱĮúܣնﷴᡭĪǣĥ֮ã
Ӽʶ㣬ڶĥ֮²ţҲۼ䷲ǧǧһЩϲ˲ͬǳ̬ˡֻŮү֮һô̫ӵ룬ǡ
̫Ҳ˭ˣܱλôûпԲ֪ڳɡֻһĹſ԰ֶԲߣѱǶ˵òͷԡһʢضҪ򸸻Ȣ֮£ҲҪȢŮүһҪȢߵС˶
о̫ʵֲ˰
˵ʲô
ûûУεЦЦС˵̫һʵ֣ʱ绨챧ڻУɱЯһСġ
˵̫ӴӦ㣬ضͣ
л̫ӣл
ּ˼ҳպЦˡ
ӳ̾һ̲ס˸ŮȥЩûÿˡ롣
-
ͤ԰Ȥ¡ⱾǺĵ飬ֻǶܾﲻԾƺЩʲôǡΧƳһۣûã㷢ͤǶЦ󣬶ʱ𣬴ͷ۾
ɣ䣬ôˣ
û¡ЦЦ
ٿȥ԰Ӱʱһ˺κ˵ƽһΣɱ˵ĳ嶯


69 
Ὺʼ֮ǰ, ŷһˡ
ʼδһعݣһЩĹûӦΪǸûɵģ, ôܺơҾó˺, , Ҫˣ˵ʲôĻ붫Զһ, ģ
ѽܹ, ûԲŻ
˵Ⱥ
æȥɡܹ, һ¡
ԶԶһۡ
֪յŷʲôԸŷܹܸڶƵش̨Լ׼ʳȺȻ빬Ϊҷֻ꣬ŷط̤ģһЩΰݳ⣬ʵ, ŷ棬ǵһΡ
һ·ţϵʳɨһ, ࡣ
ܹеš
ѵҪŷʲôѲһ˲θڣ, ҲԹѵɡܹܾԼͷˣԽǲڣľԽǲŷЩطûãСĿ̸
Ҳû˵ŷʲô, ܹܲҪǡЦЦ
, ǡҪѽ
ܹĬĬظߡ
ˡ֪ܹܶʳר˶ꣿ
ɺȻʳôһ仰

ܹܳɵؿ˿ָͷ, Ҳʮ˰ɡʮŷĴܹܣǰǾǻʹĳӣֻܷΪŸʦһͬΡʱ۰벻ʮһζ
ܹܿʼ˸
ܹܣ
รСڡ
һͨҩĸĥӣһЩҩݲʳȥҹϯɳ󷽻˻֣һǰǹܹһ£Щʵ֪Ҫʳʲôҩ
ҩһĮ

ܹһعŷԼǶԶȺͷһȺţӦûţֻǸղ˵ʲô
⡭
˵ģֻޱ飬ǵֻôһݣʳҪҩζȥζЩ˸ʢ̫ӡ
ʢܹһʱƿԡ
ǺݶĻӶ˵е㲻ϡʲôݣӾ£ܲôࡣܹܿһţֻҪʲôҩˡ˵ĶҩǸʲô;ء
ģ
ǵðã
ǣ

㰲ջ
⼸˾ļһôȾأǲˣҸ㰡־زǸСˣǣȾ£˭֪
ѽүȶˣǶѾȹˡ
ǰүоˣ
ջڣԶ˻ȭ֣Ϊ˹㰲ʵû¸ɣݣԼ˻ȾƻС̵ġŻؾȥΪѭΪʹܵ뿪ʱټ̩һ棬˼æſʢ̫ӣֵأ
ʻؾһϣ㰲Ǵ죬ֻ춼ȥˣҲ빬զأ
㣬УҲǼƽԶȵͨ죬Ÿƺҡһεվ𣺡ǽң¿ʼһţǸ˰
⻰ȥһ˲˹æҵ뿪гһӣС㣡һϹ˵ǾԷǳߣѵء
ֻߣΪ

ǰؿǡ
ﻹץһȡƽôôأֱüٿԼǺȶ˾ơڻЦĸԶ̾һ
磬ƽڼɩɩôƵġôһ뿪ңôˣǺ˶ٰȫ뿿Ϊջ֮ǰѾ빬ϴˡءţ˼ôôϲȾƣ
ΪΪڼʱҲܶȣԽڹ㰲ǣҵúȸʹ졭ԶЦˣôôͻˣһΪҪ빬ס߰ءҿԼ˺쵽ǽȾƳġ

ţ
΢Цſ
硣

㰲죬ʶȥȾƳˣú㡣УʲôΪҪ빬ס߰졯˺ȶ˾ƣ˵ôֱôĬĬƹһƹ¥ط
ٺ١Ѿͷأ
Զ۾ûղŵȷûѾͷӰ
һʶ~빬أˣٻؿջ
ม԰һܽѡ
˸ۡ
˵Ҫʢ̫ӣµʱ̫˶ûԳɫ磬˼ʵµģֻǼɶڣԼָ˵ʲôã뵽ԼҲȷûԶ»Ӧ˶ɵ顣
ֻصջ֮ŷоܡ
ǲϰиˣӦԼһϴڴϵʱ۰Ͱ͵ضͷʣ˯⡣ջķȫûаɵζءôİɣҲůůģ˯ʱһӣԹغ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ȥأڴҲ֪ǹ˶áɫ谵ˣҲûж¥Ҳ˶أ߶ֻʣૡɡЩίرһӣһ㡣
֨顣
ͻȻ˿ˡ
˭ſλãֱ̫治ӰġѵԶȶҪ̸£Ǹôֻû˻ӦЩȷǲ졣

ĬĬذԴͻȻ뵽ⷿһˣǹô죿ֻ¶һ˫۾һƬתãһգһգġʱһ΢ĽŲ߶ȭͷԷһȴδ϶Է죬ٵһ

ҡ
ɵ
ϲشӴһѽɱסСԴ㲻˵Ҫʲôʢ̫ӻôôղ˭ֲ˵ΪʲôµĶû˵꣬ɱ˳Ƶֱӽпڵ£ıϣӵ
ˣȻʱôô˯ɴս˵ǽҹϺ˾ƣ˵ʱһЩľζĺֵܣЩֵŤһӣ죺Ŷҿǲˮȶˣ˯š㲻ҪҶߺġ
ţɹһЦƫҪԽԽʲôģ˵꣬һĶ䣬ȻСһ¡
ɡ
һ󣨲ôĸоȫҲأȥȴе㲻̫ãʹֻСȵ뽫ôһ£ֵֹֻģ׽ˣü꣩뽫ƿϣҪߡ
ţ
𡭡
ã
ͻȻֱ˴򿪣˶ˣҿӦʱһץסӾͽɹ˽ȥȻ󽫱һʵʵؿţһֵ⡣
ѽ˯ˣԶҡҡλε˽óһϵ̨š̨ȥ۾ЦˣǲͻȻˣ۾ɵøͭƵġ
ܡܲŵ𣿴ҹģ㲻ȥ˯ʲôֻԶ̫ãȻ󶫷ɻڱţԶʱ˵ǰһΣ߶ʱɲáЩȥѬѬģˡ
Ӵúİ̸̸̸̸ֻǰ;
Щ̸ܲ
УԶһڻؾתߵȥ̨棬Բϡҹ˵ܶڵٵ£̫ˣ̸
㡭


ε̾һ
ԶñȽԶ̨ĹҲȽСĵؽһ죬ԶӦòῴسһ㱻ӣһƣڣЦ⡣
Ц
ɳ˸
ã

Ҹ˵~̫ӵµĸģ̫ӵºҡ
ǡ
ȻҷʵͦõģҾⱲȢʵҲˡ
ԶԶԡ
һûһԶ죬ڱĶǽţأע㱻ɢšζСĵŲһӣһֲԾ̽ڣԴֱϹƤһڡ
ǲ֪ԼʲôӦɣСǳţԲЧǹ⵷֣һǳԵСڸûֵ꣬ɼ
أɡ
ģðҾ㰲ÿ
š


70 
һ, ˹Ȼһѱһˡ
˯̧ԴЦЦ
СһЩ˸硣
~
ҲǵԶֹֹʲôʱ, ֻǵҹ˺ò, һڱЩ¡, Щ졣Ƴۿһ, ڴһ, ɻʵʲôʱ򻹰·ˣ
ţɢһͷζػ˯ȻҪ·, Ȼ˯òڰ·ûأҰһѡ˵ţɸ˻Сһ, һ˫ֱ̽
㡭ס֣СЩָָ߱Ų˯Զ
, ʲô, ֲῴ
ܣѣ˵

Զǿͷʹʱı붫ɶ˶ڴߵĳţһӦԼǲǺȶ˻ûѹ롭ɻغһ´װǼ, ͷҲֻɿذ˸β, ۴ϣһûϡ
ֻ࡭
ൽԶ벻顣

š
龰, ƺе㡭֣
Զ뿪ѯΪʲô˴˴ɵЦˣ˵մˣҽʱƼ˯ĺءޣⷿЩȣҸš
รӡƺҲ˵ͨԶεЦһ£һ˯࣬ʵʧˡСлطȥõ׼һЩ緹֪û
ҡҳԹˣҲٳһ㡣΢Ц
õĺõġ

ԶЦųȥʱĲҲˡΪ˯һ̫ðɡؿԶȥѷŹϣ˶һѡ㲻Ҫôңͱˣ
ɿƲƲ졣
һ㲻ɣ
ѵûУ
ûУ
ϵĽѵ̡عһ£ǲҵҡ

㰲ǣ¥
˵ǰӵܷΣϻ˵˽ԭǶΪһֻû뵽ǷȥĵطǳԺ֣ųԺȸſϷһü죬ҪɣⲻǷֳŻεֱȥ¥ǾϤøܲµȥ
ӡү
Ӵүţ
ںͷһΣһôÿҪſڸߺһȻ˰
Ϊ԰ǮݰɡһӦţﵽȺ󷽣˵氡ҿܲһ˹أͷ
û
ȥģӸ˵û
Ǵǵġ
ɣ
ϻ¹ųԺȲϷҲһпֻ֧̻أȻҪȥ¥ܸЩʲô¡һ㣬ϻҧú˵ҼȻΪˣ͸ö񣻷糾ŮȻñͷ㣬ֻǰں󣬲Ϳ¡
һ϶³Ѱ顣
Ǽһȥˣǿȥˡ
ޡҹǮ˵ҵŷء
ȥȥȥĥߴ
ⷽΣʮʱǵ¥ȥ˵ʮⳡˣһμ꣬¥ĴСѾǳϤǷǳҲľ˵ǲǮϲ氡ӾҲԺȵϷӲһå޵å
ƼǵͷΡ
ӣϲĹôڰ
Ӵүǲ𣿡
ƨأ֪үϲô
үޡ޽첻
ү
һΪѵ˳ȥˣɫЩáڷζĸ䣬Ϊ˵㹦˵Ǽһޣҡҡͷ
¥յĹʵҲӵŮģһֱǹӸϲֻ͡ӶŮҲ۰Щû̹˭ʱգ޻ǸƻŮֻżϷӲ͡δǿޣһҪȢΪ檡ӲԸⰡⲻǰԼŮĻô
һһεؾܾ÷μޣǸ취
ӣӺΪѵʱһͻȻס˶ˣ֪
λү˹Цӯӯʲô£
֮ǰ˵Ҫ޵ôүǼֻͺˡδ䣬һ˱ȥ
Ӵ
˲ɣһ˵ǳ˵˲Ǽһ﷢ǵģͬһˣеڷҪԣʱ¶ݣӷԸ¿ô죿
޵ȷǲȵġ
һӾһԲ
ҲеΡ
λү
ˣǽɡͷˡ

䣬Ȩѹʵ̫࣬ҲֻǷȨµһȺˣʲôʸ£һֱƲ֣޽˷εĸ䣬˵ǴͣɷǼһֽúܣһֱ˼ҹ֣˶ţҳ𣬸һĻĻǳʹ񿴵ԼǰľһЩ̫õĻ䡣
Ǹûνңȴǹ㰲аԵûۣһ˫۾ֱŶ档
СӣҲûãòߵֵ̾һĳ˵ҲΪǲӦðһⷽҵ£˸ˡ룬ǲǱȺ˺̫ˣΪţΪǾ͵߿ʯ
ġ
˺ˣˡ
ֵںȰο˵ЩҲС£һ¾͹ˡүǹŪǣҪŪһЩŰġͻȻشӶ䴫˳Լǵĺ޵ǶˣԼͬλվ˳һַס˻ı
԰ү
ү˵Ļʲôԣ

⼸仰ˡ
ӣǼһˡ
뿴ʱϾóóȻȥҲ£Ūɳ׾ֻǷС̲סˣ޵ĺǱĸ񾭣һӾվ˳һѰγ彣һ˵ӽҪ㣡ģֱ͸Ϊһ顣

Ҳסæȥ


71 
㰲ǾѲԺ
ǡģƶ뾩ѲԺһģһ˾֮, רѶ£۴СɾѲԺأϽ̲ͬʱ, ҲǶеġѲִڰ칫ԼϢĵط, ƽѲڳѲߵֵ, ͬŵľ, Ѳͨӵܻкѡ, ûʵս飬ҲС
ѲԺι, һУξ
УξǰЩӾۣϵѲԺµôãûʲô鷳¡ǽ죬žѲԺһˣͷЩۡ
УξҿⰸҲ˰ɣ
һߺ, ǰУξŵˣֻεЦţȻһˡ
ǹ㰲ǵĴ, ȻνĴ˼, ֻǵԴ˽˶ףҵ˲ЩСǵġǰ뿪㰲֮ⷽҾһǮ֮, һУξɲ, ƽǵ¶һֻ۱һֻۡ
ôв֪˰˼Сүأ
УξһǱñ׵ķΣȻҲʹ, ˵ڡ
ҶֻǵǷ³Ѱʹ죬Ҳʲô캦£˿үСӣ֪£æ˾ѲԺ͸Ⱥð˺ӵˣ˾ѲԺҲûУξӣһ¾ͰУξˡ
пԣ֪Ӧ
ޣ˵걻Ѳסˣڵ˿ڿˮһм˶˶ٻ£֪¥ȻǷ³˼ҹղĵ˶ƾʲô˼ң
ӴӴүһţ¡Ҷ˵ˣҷȨƣ˵ǼŮأĸܳϹèҰΪŮ˵ѲĸãˣָǹͲ֮˰ɣ
̫֣Ҫ˵
Ƿң㲻֪ô
ڹ꣡
˵
úõһӣøһ㡣
Уξһͷ󣬸뿪ȰأȴŻŵܽһ£ɫػУξˣҿмأ
ʲô
ǵľӣ󲿷פ빬ֻٲڳִڡˣѾֵôУξЩţæ˰ѳܵļһ̽ͷ̽ԵԺⲽЩɵǴ˵ꡣ
Сӡ
ĪͷС
Уξ㻹ʲôҴүٲұضҪҪ֪ҷҲǺǵģ
ӴУξҵڽŵؿŴïģæȰүйСȻүǰɷĻҪ̲Ѷ٣ҲõȽһⰸӡ
˵Ļïߺȡ
Ӵ˭˵ô
ǰ첻Ҫ˵ϲҪ˵
УξѭȥһˣϥЩӴԶС໹ûָأһӰŽ߽˾ѲԺУξˣر״ݵ¡¹ٲμԸǧǧǧǧ꣡
ïǲŲæģվԭصһۣŲ鲻Ըع£ݼ
һ˼վС


̩ۣҲᱳҲ۰߳鷿ʱЩͷǣǵһֿ۾ͻĲӴ̲סлһǵõ˶Χ˹ǲﲻҪҪҽ
òãҲͰӴһôŸʲôչѵһôҲɶúദģҲʲôлΧ˿żһƳۣȴԶԶĹżŴ粻˵Ĺɻ󡣡ǱߵˣǸʲôģ
รЩʢ̫ӽģһǰǰݹӣʢ̫˵ڹģ봫ЩϷ֮࣬Ҳ˵ġ
ʢ̫ӳǲ̫ĽӴ˽¹ɣǶе⡣ڳϷýֺͷ붼֪ôһ£ҲӣⷽδֻƺеడϸһƣǱ߼ȥˣмء
оЩ֡
ǶòԹɫüͷʶȤشүôˣ
еŹ֡㲻ǽŴ˳ϷͷʲôϢأ֮Ĳޡ뵽һӾ˵汾ʢ̫ǱȥҪ⼸ն˳ʲôϷأ
ǣ
ʢ̫ʱסĵȽƫԶиϹȥǷЩʱ䡣һ·ϣп˲˳أЩĹﻹ޿ģЩˣǱŰʲôԽԽͿܾûô򵥡
ˣ̫ӹȥ
̫Ϣŭ
δߵʢ̫ӵĵб
Ӵү¹һ˳Ǳ¶г¡
û¡汾ȥɡ
ԽоԽ֪ʲô
߽ĿĵʱŹΧǽͣˣֻǽϿС̽ôݾߡãһһʲôϷӴЩĹﶼű¶СԺվţЩͷɢίЩ˵һȺټأʢ̫ڷˤˤŭ죬û·Ĺϣˡ

ʲô
ЩãһҪ빬֮ôˣ
̫ӹȥL
̫ӡ
Щϳȥصش򣡡
ǸŰ
пԼЩڡ
ʲôǣ
жȥˣ̲סһߵĹ˵飬зʣæĵػشС˽ʢ̫ӿǳ˴°
รлͷЩ⡣
ġѹɤ˵˵ʢ̫Ӳã֪ôģз¡Ȼˡ
⻰˵ùֱӣжˡ

¡
ˣ
Щˡŵþδǹ˲֪ǸЦǸôҲ֪ǱȽص°ɣӴ᲻ҵҲᱻЩһһ
⼸⸽˽ģʢ̫Ӵ˲ٹһֱƢҲˤһֱ˵ûãñӳ˵һ䡮̫⡭һΣⲻôһ
ˡ
е˵ͷСԺ
ʢ̫ŮɫôڷвЩҲˣ¡üͷһ壬ЩõԤС
Īǡ


72 ĥʯ
, ฮ
ԶżѾ߶ȲԼ԰ԶԶƼҵնġѶ˹ȥɣЩµ̿𡣡
ǡ
䣬⸸԰ͤϰ߻ûиı䡣Զȥ֮, Ĵ, ƽҲ˵˶ʵ, ÿֻһЦ, ź, дС
ռ˶, ҲвĵطžԶһʱգʼûռ˵ǲżҵ˼ʱżǴߴԼŮЩȻԶȢ
٣ˡ
ԼŮҲˣôùүȢһҶռûЩ, ЩС޵£ǶϲҲԡӵ£ǱϾ, һ硣
, үү
รضˣ
ضŰɣǱλȥůһЩ
ԶԼ˵ĳƺ, һʼʱЩִ, һϰࡣֻϸ, 볤ӣֻżһۣϹϾģ
һյʱ䣬һˡүҵʤһѾʤնأϷ硣ʵվտʱ޷ƥаսնЦ豭衣ͷصʱ鵽ϴһ񣬾Ө͸й󣬺Ŀ⡣
񡭡
նڶпʯ֮󣬶ʯһܸȤعŵϱѾôʱ䣬ôղŷնǾϲ֪ضϵεΪδУֻǹ⿿۹۲죬ͷС
籦ӢۣļֵڶʶЩȣЦŻشˣǼҴģ游ʱҴϣʱ𣬱һֱߡûмǴűJ񡣡
J񣡡նǾˡ
ص˵ͷ

㰲ǾѲԺ
ɴݰڵǰУξæè뵽Ժȥ˶ǣȿͽѶĿⱻ˵һЩɶɶġֻΪʲôͬʱԺģ˶붨Զ⣬Ƿӣװ޲ֻУξһۣʷ¡
ʵҲûʲôУξЦţСӵ֮˾ƣλ˶ѡ¹׼أģ
ɲӦ
ˣ¹ðһ䣿
˵
졭ԼΪ˺أ⻰ʵúɵУξҲεģˡֻǣСƽƽ棬ΪȲɡԣѵСˣ
۽΢̧ﾡ⡣
ԭƻô
⡭ҹɣСأƱصЩǮȻġУξԽ˵ԽС˵ʱҿɵɫһԶԶȳЩŵЦһ˵УξǸһأҿûдŴҪΰҿλӵƣҲһЩƤ˰ɡ
ǡ
λﻰҵ˿ˣ
붨Զͬʱعͷͬĵ⡣
ȴηǶײű׵ģڳݺݵı飬߶һ£һϸִУӲ˵Ϊƫ̻˭и˾ѲԺ;ϵ˰ɣõΣ˵ɣ
ò˵һˣ˵Ҳһ
ΪаԵ̫
ɺˣҲûܹʲôв볰£ĵЩӵġֻԸ˿һһģԴԱߵĶԶ򶨺ܶ࣬ϾϹսɱܵģԷʱĵ׸ֻǲм
ӣδ㿪˵ӣʲôҹֲ˵ƽǲƽãԶб˷Ҹһۡ
С
ζһۡ
ƽȴܶԳָֻ͢ţԽСȣη֮⻹ûлڸ֮ģҲһӦԵ״ˡĵ׳ŷҵ˽òֻ࣬˵иǰ˸Ҫ˶˲ɡҲǺĲĵ⡣
ǷҵĴвǶҵĵλչȥջ˳ңȻΪܣ붫ԡ
Уξһܺõӡ
ҪҪĩȵ̲к
ھѲԺʱⰸûɽ˵Σ̲󡣱ΪּϱΪ÷Ҹ΢ǳϣүӷïһгģҲգӦˡ
кˣֻݾߡڰǰǰŵģǶԷܽ鱨ڡüģһ̲ңȻȥ֮ǰȥ˵̲⣬ⰸûë⼸ӵҩǮˡ
Զһʵǻɷ̲ˣ
Ͱҵ˼ȥɣʲôط¶žСûж˵ֱȥˡ
ôϸˡ
صڸɢһ뵽볯̸ĹϵûɵطơʲԸôΨ©˸Ӷïأïïү첻µزµģɾ̲סһЦ
İɡ
ʮܸүӺĵġ
շ
ƻ轫ɴųȥüչĶС
һʼʱ򣬶ɻΪΪ˷²ˡϾĴϣЩ³çδ֡ôվڴ˴˵
һۣһ
谭Цһкմǣûʱ䴦ϵʵڲз£˵˵
ֿ˿ֹ
˵ģǹʢ̫ӵ顣һʶɵģһģ־ʵǸӣرر桭ôĵ£죬ûаѻ˵ڡ
ûʲô£ɶˡ

ҪȥչҸҪȥ˳һ̣þõȡЦº͡
Ǳлְˡ
ɺ޽ĵδԼһϲĳ⳵һ·߶߶Լ˵ûģԽ˵Խ࣬һ񣬱ʢ̫ӡˡ£һ˵һ߿ЦУʮֻ
Ǹˣ뵽ǶⰲţҶзɲһ֪λֵ˼ˡ
򣡡
үкηԸ
ͷ̩˵ͬġ
ϡ


73 
ջʱ, ǰĳѾϣһЦǰҲ빬гˣһŶɵĴѾжһ˵, ǸЦ̲סǶ࿴, ܾѾͷ֮еʲô
˵, ֻˣ
ɣ
Сħô, ÿؼ˶ɾͻһȸԾģ
Ц, ϲӶϽӹģʲô, ܷԸǡ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôСħǵͷƲ죬͵ɫţ۾ЦˣĶͦóԵģؼȥ㡭Ҳؼ
, Լȥ
ˡ
Ȼˡ
С˵شΣ߸жҲһΨڿջſغʱԶһڷҡһʱԴһʱܷ羰, һ, Ǳһԣ޴ŵ۾
ȡԶ
ɣǵʱܲȥ
Ȼ
, ǡԶ
ʱһҪ
á
, ǲ˵ˡ
ԶһԱģ
Զһ㰲ǵĵ죬·ϻѵʱ, 뿪Ѿжʮҡϣγ˵ǷͶʵ̫ӵ¸͵ľϲϣԼܿһ󣬹һֱûдߴԶ̡
޲ɢ֮ϯδԶƻؾ£һոͳź˹㰲ǣʹС
ɩɩԭô벻
źڳԷʱģҲڡԶϳնֱּˡԭƽӲҶ˵һ仰أʯһʶնʯæտһ£Ǽնһͬһǲ
ֻһ鷳ĵط
˵Ȼʲô£ֻŮӳʼջ˷飬ǵ⣬ƽպͷһϱĻЩ֡ԶһЦֵԵ˼ʱൽߣôҾض£ֻǴӷ򡣡
鷳ءһü
ڣŮ⣬ڴϣŮʼǴڼĽɫŮ˳£˶߳ܣΪǵҵû¡նĹǣԶסȻΪѵնɾˣصȷܸߡ
ƽջ٣ҵһԼȤ£ԶԻ֧֡
ϾͬˣԶҲѻ
¼򵥰
ͻȻðôһ仰
ţԶһЩ̽зӣ
մ˲ֵ̫ôЦˣʱҸ̫ӵдţ˰һָ͢ɵͷ˵ʯʯΪ͢һΡȻմ˳˸̫ӰµͬʱҲҪ˽һ¡һЩ湦Ҫ˾ظҿһУʱʯʹ͵ʯͷǡ
ŶǺð취
ó͢ͷ˾Ͳ˵ʲôл˰ɣлʼҳԭᱻָָĹҲһӱ
ԶҲⷨӿС
ֻʼݵľٶĺô
ԶͻȻ뺰һ÷
ôմˣ
һѯʶǡôӣѽѽжˡԶڻ֮У֪Цˡ
е񲡣
磿
ǵһ

빬
̩ùźһʢ̫סƫȥɫĥ͸ͼС鲽ߣһ·һֱűȶкһλ죬ɡ
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С̫һߺȣţŮ¹
ʢ̫Щ⧲شӵڳһһۣɫ㣺̩
ʢ̫񡣡
΢Цš
֪㲻⣿
нʱصشһȺ̬ű¶輧ʢ̫ӼһͬȾ衣صʢ̫סĵطһأͷһǱĵŤ
ۡЩСӺˣ
ʵǴ۸
٣§һȻ󡭡

޶Ҹ˼ƣǲɾӵȻ˵һЩֱɵĻЦӯӯ׳ªкȵò࣬һֱͣʢ̫ӵϣҪЩʲô
Ͼ˵˰
ʢ̫ӣй⺰һװԼҲˣһԺģЦЩ輧ܻӭģǾˣβϸﵽһ˽˷ܴЦżмȶ˵ģʶд˻Ƿ档Цŵͷֳ輧Ưһȥߵǰ衣
輧⡣
һЦɫóԼԻԷˣսеļϸǷµص輧̩еˣ޸ֻ֮Сӣʵϣȴ书ӡɱ˲գ۵ĺĽɫӽʢ̫ϣܵЩ鱨
ûмֵܵ輧ûĿɿڴЦ
ĵײмЦˡ
νһ̫ӣǸɫͷԵĲݰˡʢͣҵôһøϣǶԲҸˡ
δжˣƵҲܲסջ󣬳輧˷װ⿴ȥҲЧʱסǣ̧˼̳輧ˣĺӣޱΪѪȼ˸λ飬ʼһֵĶá
Ǳߣͬҡ
ȥȥȥȺ˶ȥű̫ӣ
ʢ̫ӣ㵹ǿЩЩˡһ裬Ͳ뿴ô
輧ķʱ䡣ЦӦˣææظ˽һʱ˷ţ۾Ź⣬￴ȥһͷǡ
輧Цδָͷ
Сӣ̫ӽҹΡñ̫㡭
ʢ̫㼱ʲô¡
á
輧ĶʱͷǱ㼱͵һѽ輧ϣʶҪԼۣ֮¡
輧ϵ
ȻͻȻֹһӽסһЩɲ輧ʶʲôһ޹ʢ̫ӣǲǽҹȶ˾ƣЩ
ûСû¡
εЦһ۽ԼӵסȻɫį
ţöŮǰԼҲ޷Ӧܸ߳УԼ߳˼ķ뾭ϧûɵ㣬֪˭侲ͻȻЩޣԼδǻΪһǴӴ˶ˡɣҪʢȥһЩĴ򣬽κá
ʢ̫ӣҸһ֧ɣ輧ɾضЦ
áá
֧Ŀʼʼ輧̬üذϣ˵ı鰡
ͦĵġ
輧롣


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һ, ̩˵ʢм´٣Ҫعȥ̩ȥˣΪԶҲǽ뿪㰲, ǰȥС
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֮ǰʢʵ۸˵ּ, װݷסʱ˽һľԼҵιһײԡԭƻҪôһµģֻݵͻȻҽΣܾò׵ǰع, ԺѰִ
ڣ㻹¸ʹô˹һ˵, һ䱸ض, ͷԼģڱһûõĶ̫Ӷ˵˻㣬ͷԵʲôСˡֱͦ
ǣ
̩ԶԶվ˺ͷȤζؿҧ䡣
֪ʲôأ
輧
˵, ϵ飿
ĵЦ˳
, ˵ǺЦ
бΪԼҪڶջ鱨֪, 輧ڵҹδ̩ˣĻϯϵѣĿ¶̬ڶ޵̨ߣһ
үūһˡ
в⣬һЦ
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ʵģҲֻ֪˲ɼСԶǼߵġĲԼʳڣôӵȵԷ˵ʱ
輧֪
ϾڶߣѾʱ䡣
У㡭ֹһ
лǲ˵һ鿴Ϭ
˵¡輧˳˴̨ϣŪԼͷ˵µûǷˡҾʹˣ޶ԵģЩµġ輧˶һۡ
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̫һģô
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輧б۾Ц۵ףתͷȥװҹֻһĵҲãҹз£ΪЦȫˡ
ô̩ɡ
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ջǰ
Զؾǵĳ׵󣬴ྲرܵԹټҳӵݳˡһС֧ǻȥԼſһС
ףһ⻻һ·Ŷñǳǣ±˸ϣȥȦˡ
ɵӡ
ƿӰȺУ۾ǲᡣ
ͬԼСģ͵ЦһС㣬Ҳ̫ˣ´¡οǻҪŪʯôʱѽڿɶء
㶮ôࣿҲûеء
Сƭˣ
ߣҲûУСѾͷ˵
Ͷ˴ֵĿ϶ӱˡǰͭ༸죬𾯽С㽫Ӹ߾٣Ǽ·ȻԶһԼ𾯽ĲбͷָһЩƺƵĶڿҲռ˰ֵĳȡ
ྲرܡ
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֪Էݣ˼ǰгǱơ
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ֻԶεʹŵľǴʵۡʢ̫ΪλȲʹȻҪǹȥԼǡ
ʢ̫ӣǰҴʹҪһȣǵ˹ȥҲٸ˳ȥģΪıǴһЩһĵطν̸δʲôͻס
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룿ʹͦӢ
СŶԷεδתͷȥǵһһƮԷǵӰ˳ףϤ
ף
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ⲻ֮ǰ빬ǸСô
ôʲôʹһ
ȻӿЦ⡣ֻǵԷӸչȥʱһñӰȺУĿֱֱسͶ
ݣĪЩ⡣
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󣬹ڷ¥İӳˡ
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׵ķθ˹һϵ֪ԭ
Ҳ̫ˡ
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εһΪȻ
ң㻹˵ʲôϵ̲϶أҿھѲԺʱ̲һһҹôð϶ĻȻ뽫󡭡
̲ǼҵˣģԼĶСƣïҲǵǽͷݵ̲飡ûõĶһôǮǼҵǰ̣벻ЩٵľǰǣȨǰֻͨԡ
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̾һүӻͷϣҲ˵Щ
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Щɵģүۣⷬôϡ
ҹҳ˼װʵʵ
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Σһ̲סˣ
ΪСӵ飿
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ǸܵҵĿ⣬һŸɿ

͵Ŵҵ˵ɡïһۣɫãҹԾɽǶ㻹Ρֻ˵ǿɾͰ㵱ͽˡ֪ģͷŲٹĶȫŪԼҲá
һ£ࡣ
찡һֱ̲£ÿΥһΣ¸ûнӴڣӶûᵽ̲ѶҶ֪飡һҹµ̸£ʵһҹ˵ĶЩ޹ؽҪĶ¶þˣֱ¼ȥǼȥԺɣ²ŵ֪Ǵ˵Ѿͷˣ̲ͷ
ïһֱ⣬ɫԽԽѿɫȥЩס
ʲôʲô
ïǷ̵ЦһĬãҧ³һ䣺ëѾͷȻˣҵͷˣ
ᣬȻô¸ڲѡҲǷïˣһζˣС˳ƻҵ˶ٳ͢ԱʵޣïǺ޲ðѾͷһ١
˳ϣɽ
ïʮ˸飬һ뵽Լƻ˸еԴð̡
ɶ񡭡


75 ҹδ
ȥ֮, ɱһˡ
˵֮ҲһЩı䣬ĹԼѧϰߡǶʱĶɻЦڹ㰲ǵʱҲھϲ桢õһЩر֮ࡣûûҹ鷿Լ, 糯һղز, Ҳٴ󳼽, ڷܵЩ
ϻÿһ쿴˼⡣
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ϻôưˣ
ͣ˱ʡ
Ҳûɶ, ˵׼ˣǱߵ¶ѾףҸ˵һòġϻЦЦ
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ҲΨһһ, ǶܵĲ
ûɶ
šǱ㲻˵ˡ
Щᣬһ仰ս˻⡣
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ү
ϻ䣬ҹЩˡ
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̾һ

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ҲҴֻǼ̫ˡö鷿죬⡣Ų豭뿪Щ꣬ʵҲǺܳʱ䡣Ⱥףʱ˽³ʵ׵ġǼ²飬үӷïΪȻ±ǮҺģ鲻ȫ棬䲻Ǻһ˽ⲻ࣬۶ӷʵǸֵһᡭ̫ˣ궼򲻽С
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ɶ
ղɶһ
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Це飬ߵĹǻö˺һ㼦Ƥ񡣵Ҳѵôľ˳黺Ͳ٣ֻл˵Щʲôֱ˵ǡ
˵úίôҲðɡŮ鳤Ȼָչ֮顭ɶǰʱһֱΪչ跹˼㰲һ⣬ǻ⣬⡢Ǹ˲Ŷԡ
ɵ˵ͷûشĻ
ţ
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ʢ
ʢʵŶջعʹ׼нֵӭӣŵƽʣͬڡҲѹˣϾвٶŮֵľô̫󣬶Լ˹
ȥӺǰ˹δԣȥֻʣ̫ӴġֻǽˣӼ֣Ϊ˱⣬λعôһ·϶ǳüģ
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Ӷʿһ·Ƶعչ³Ǳչȥص޵Žߵĸˣʣˣ˸ܴ򿪵ӡ
ʶ˴εǴʲôջ񣿡
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ʶôã龹ҲûаչôҲգеĺöԸȻҲ䡭
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˶ЩԷ磬ᡣ
ǵʱ̽Ȿһ˾͵ʵ顣ȫûӡ󣬱һ
ร˵ͷҿɺã
ͦõģʲôҲǸӣ޵ңҲί
Ǿͺá
ҳ˼䣬Ҳ˵˼磬϶ڿڣһĬĬżм˺һֻⶼľ˲ְѻΪɫƵϡ
أѵʲôܱ֪Ĵ£
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˵ϲأΪͦҪġֻϣ̫֮ܳ嶯
ţѵڴ°˼ʮ
Ϊ֮ˡ
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ܡ
㣬ûô⡣
ʣˣܣ
£
סˣʶӵĳλȻ󿴻
ʡЩŵüʸ˵˶ٴΣҪǻŮ˶ҪǸŮӾҪЩۻ飡Ϊף
ǣҡ
Ѿ̫ˣʢĴˣ֪֪Լÿһ¶Ӱ죿ǣ㸸ҵȷϸĹǸʣ͵ʱĸ󣬾ݲµڶŮˣºɣҲǴʱȥһΣ޳ңΪʲôһ㲻ѧһ¸ء
ʣĲǡ
֪ʢдͳһһޡٹǵĴͳʢ˳顢רһԼƷԺã㣡Щ£˶Ϊʢˣ
ʣǶң
ôͲܡʲôͣ˵ʲô
ɫ࣬ҧǶҵˡһǡ


76 ɽ
ǡ
Զһ˻صһʱ, ̫Ӷ˳ķԸԶ͵ĸƷȫִһ棬˳СҲ˳ɣԼ˼ã, ԶĹְҲһ
ֳƽˮ, ص, ֮ĹϵҲ˲١, 뿪֮ǰ, Ҫ࣬ˡ϶֮ǰ̫Ӷ˳һε, Ҳǻصһ˳ףعԳ͢ʯնæԶҲܺ˵ռһܣ˵ٵүү, ̵ӣǸһϱʣһܣȻǺųħˡ
ÿ쿴ԼɩɩĻ, ҪôСվڴŴ, ҪôСڻؼ˻ʺԷüЦϲüңȸԾ, ϲ񡭡ͻȻúۡ
ôһֱ˺ĸо
С㣡ǳȥ߰ɣ
Ѿͷÿڸǰ, ƺÿȥȻÿ
ӴǶô, ʲôûôѾͷôҲ塭ᵹһߣ᲻𾢶߲˵ֻҪСһȥֹȦҲ档һ˵Ѿͷͷڵգ˳ѧԶֻҳߵˡ
ม
ѾͷͲģȻж
ء
ȻͲɱؿ

ͬؿ֪ǰοأתˡĬһ£ߵСԴοѾͷǳȥɣȥЩȤСȻǰ͵͵㰲ǣ͵жаɵ
߹ῴ˵ͷ
ǵĽֵʵǵû˼
ǰоģڹ㰲Ǵһʱ䣬˼Ҷʻ࣬ҲȤתۿҲ֪ǲǾǵԵʣöطһŨŨϢڴϵĶǳ͢Աḻ̸֣ǹҴ£Ǵ̼ɡȤʵȤ
С㣬⾩ʲôǹ㰲ûеѽѾͷûܶ࣬Գ˸ţ֨֨иû꣬ҲҪǸҲҪǰˣһѽ߳˵ھҲ꣬˼ҵûˣҵ֪һ˵ģվУĵط˶Ȳ
ǿЩȥɣȸԾ
Щ
ͶԶˣ·СԭСһģһΪմСҳأãá⼸仰ֻĸ̾ƫֱԱߵ·ȥ·ˣƫƫͨˡģ˭ô˵˼ʲôطһ
СֿۣһߵĹ
ħҲ֪²Ǳ˰ɡ
㡭
ģҲֻʣէʶط
ޣӡ֪һλСǴةүĵŮСҰЩ¼ֱ˴СЩСȻﲻ𣬹ʺµúܡǸȤԵֲǱ鰡ɶ˵С¼ء
ʵҲûô¡
ԶﴫĻ
˽ܵع¶֮ɫٸСȥʻ˻ͷԼӣ벻ү÷йµء
λ뿪ʢ
Զȥķã֪Щʲôֻ״̬Щ񡣰ΣŻѾͷⲽظ

㰲ǡ
չ㰲Щ֣ΪֵүѲӡʵƽʱʱҲп΢Ѳүֹġ΢ѲƶÿһΡʱÿ궼ᱧӶڹ㰲߶սӴúܣ̩λɲ붪ͳ̩Լÿ꣬ǶҲڹ㰲ѲգһƽߣȡոҪ
գö˵һѲ
ѽСӣôô飡㰲ǵһҿջڣԼӽ˵̡ǹ㰲ǵһϵ꣬ĺóԶҸɾ빬Ǳ˵Ѳʱ򣬶ʳڴ˴ţϣ׼ү¡СȻмƽʱʱ׬ǮⲻӭһЩ͹ȳԼʱ쵽ˣٽ峡ӭƻ仯ֽ̫Щ¡
˵ңˣүͿˡ
õģõġ
Ѳȵִ⿴һ飬߽һСֱפصڸλþվڣոùֽšҴҳԼڳſڣһ㿴Ӱһǰһ߽˵Цģλ˼ҵۡ
Ӵү̩үô
ǰҲǼɵģֻǻСڻһյСĳ٣Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿˣ̩ҲӢЦһ⣬治ǻӵܡ̾þã£Źǰ񣺡λүʳȫףðɶ
УÿлЦţʲôþûУУһЩҶ˳ġ
ϰߣҼһ̳ƣȻ£ﱲɼҡʲôʱڳȡ֪һϰףԹⷢʡǲˣһƳҧɶ
ô鿴Ҳȵġ
УλүԺСȥ
ȥ
ܣţȥС⡣
ȥɡ
éֵطȻ̫˿ء
ֻԺӵĳڽ䱸мװݶɸҶӵָʾһ·ԺԶԶرƼݼªéΪϴδʲôۻζǰŸ̤һ䣬Сܾ֮øЩ졣ֱسǷȥһۣ㿴ڲݶͷһС
ĿȶСһꡣ
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ѽ˵ôô죡
ԣСＱŽжɽʱ򣬸ѾŶϹˡСƺΪҲ·ˣһݶġǡһìֱָԼ˽ɻȫֻڡˡ
Сﱻˡ
ôСֵģֻһ·СְĳìԸסĶҸȥļ˰ɡ
ǣ
׵´䲻ɳ˹۲ǵĵһۿ⣬˺ֱתȥûаĿϡӣһɽд
С˵ģСѽһ¡


77 
ٻصλϵʱ, иյСϸϸ
ɶôȥôãţźһּһСӺԺ߳Сʱ, ðһֵĸо, ںԺ, ˵ǰԷȥ, ʿЩ, û߳ɵġҸջȥأûɶ
һģ, ûлͷٿСеһֱСΪö߽
󵨣

δ߸ǰԱߵֽ£ɽһǶࡣ
һ£ͷ
£
࡭лСﺰ
, ضлֲš˳硭СүתȥûҪȥ˼ֻСȴ, ɲ, ǰţҽ

ô󵨣еС֮ء
ĸwanСүĬĬظԼԼֵƣ⣬ûлͷ
Сһ, ֵ
, ֡ȥɣˡ̧ۿڽ䱸, ˵߰ɣһյʱ֮ھͿͳȥ
ǣ
һû
룬
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Ӵι
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ԣƽո˵Ļ㶼ȥġ̾һȷ˰常ްԺε˳۶ңֱֻʣĸԼˣ;նᣬ˼ܲԿĶȥ
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˸ػ㰲ǣӵִﶼǺɱһ٣꣬ٻб˾ְ
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գǶŹ㰲Ǹиڽǰӭӣ񣬳ƵǼԽ߶߶ǰ˵áڶɶԣϻq˸ĸ׽ˣqи·ؼңӭһ£кβɣ
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лүϻȲسԼҷȥǸ˵СţᰡŨ⼸ĵǣҡֻqһ˽Ϊһ̸ˣǻ֮Ҳû᳤;ж࣬һӦǸ澩ǵɵΡ
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óԵȻȥϷǾʱһƳۣƼһϤˡ
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ɣǰгϷģÿɺأȥɣ
ܣŷŲˣɱЩ
˵˵ŻЩܣﲻǰɲİҲֻʲôѣŸԼһԵɣŬοԼɣźһɣǶԷȴû
ǰ뿪ǵʱ
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Ҫ
á
СǰĶɣͬúܣʲôҪ󶼴ӦѾˣǸǰİˣôҪҰ֣ôŶɽ˱ϣСر˳һСƣ䡣
Сһ㡣
ô֡
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ɣǸǶô
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ô
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78 龫
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ߴҹرĿ, ˺þԭ󾹵֪ôϢȥһΪǸأǻǲŶãȻһߣǱǱסը, һ, , ֱϵòС
С£߾ί˵ô˵, ôأ߲˼, 뵽ԷүҪǺ˸͵Ϯ, ̫ʵʣ㲻ã֮󻹻Լˮɣȥ㰲һˣ˵жʱ򰡣ֱһȭ
Ӻ񲻴
Ҷ֮⣬ضʲô
š
ӦôùôĹ
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СѹԼЩƽ̹ظֵ˭ˣһ˵ݸ, ҰǸҲһ٣
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߿ʼʱΪĵĽִ󣬱С㣬Ҳô, ѵ, Ұ¾Ըɾʿɶֹͷ˵ɣš
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С㡭Ρֻζѡ
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ŴҲùһ㣬ִ⵽԰ͤоΪѾ߿Ȱδֻһ㲵ظŲͷһЩ¯ˮСѾͷţδаԹԡ
졣
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ΡҲпܳ桭ૡ
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˵̫Ӹһ𣬻һӵġ
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ǸʲôˣҲֻ̧жԼۣԹԵϡЩɣɲô˵Ǹʮꡣµȱ˵صزô˵ʶүδţү
СʮꣿɵԺһӰ
˵Լν£
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ϲԼķˣˣ䣬ؼůű˯ɣ


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ȻСү·ǳɴֱ, ֻƫҲǸ׶Ըڿջ˴𸴣ǴȥںˣСֶ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̵Ķ, ̩СΪԼೣζ¡˱۹㰲зһ, ĵû, ȴϢϡ
˵˲, Ը취Ӧɵһκ˵, ƽʱǴһֿǰҲˣ̬ܿ, ͷһߵӦף
ȵȡ
֪кηԸ
ǱСòҸ˵ǵɸУǶ
ǡѵǣ
ˣ, Ǳɵס
ѽүüһһ, һձһϰλү
ôǶҵ, ŮӣҲǲǵġø綫
Ǳ˼·ûǱ飬ֻеСӣɫأ˵, ⷽï£˲ٹԱ, лжƷ󳼣ɲСûзֵжߣ
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뵽˴ɶġ
Ϊ
᲻ҲǱһ
ү
Ϊ˶ĵ׵Ĳ¼ɣһʱ飬ϣҪԼϳ⼸һֱľ£޴Сһһϱ޶ģڷï£ϳһֱиʢʱ˵ݾߣֹ˶ʱ䣬˵̫෽ҵ£ҫ
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ˣҲû˵ʲô಻㡣ɰֹסĶ΢ЦΪϹô꣬϶㸨Ź̩񰲰ֻʣؽš
үһʣϳȴǴ档үʱʢ˰ּϳΪԷһ⽫źһһպá⵱УҲһЩϳβ͸ĵطҪүϤ
Ϊ˵мɣ̶̼ԴɵĲ¼ɣתƵʢЩβ͸ľӡȥೣζ߰˷֣ѧϰΪ֮Ͼһʦ͵үǲͬġ


ϣһСš
ǰСظڶЩΣүѾȰ뿪ˣġѾˣع˵Ҫ»·ǵõ˵ʵûа취ֻȥ
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ǼȥʻҾͲ¶ˡʲôٸҰɣԼӦ䡣
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㵨ʶ˶ɺ첻µزµĽɫôẦ¼޹࣬뱨ҲΪҲ˵ͨ˼ҳ
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Ըͷ˭ȥȥȥЩ뿪Ƕ䡣
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İ߲ߣĵأҲ
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Ӵǣ
Цˣ˵ͷС
үҪ̫ˣûǸдġҪ¡ԣ㻹ǰҪ˵ĻдӣͷɡͷиƫģţվһַʽԷСһۣ΢΢ףȻһߣ֣
վź̲סһ¶ͷ

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ҿΪгζȥͲµǸ¿ԽԽˣү¹ǰΧһСƢվ򶫷ֻһЦȻ£ԼҲȥ涯
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ΪʲôΪ߾ߣ
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һһЦҡͷֱ˵ˡ
֣Цĸ˼
Цǹﱾ¸߰һ֣Ȼȷҵ»Ҫ
æҡͷϣˡҵλĹѾ˽⣬Իкͷˣҵ治ʶҲûȤֻ֪һֱ㲻ǰ취ǽˣܲ˹Ѻɡ
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ţ
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̩
Ǳȭ
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ôţôãŵô
ۡ
źĶɣһڲ衣


80 Ľ
԰, չһĻ̸
Ĵƺ̩ţǰط߰˸ΧһȺͷƺ֮, ԶԶ, ߷ǻ԰, һ˿Ȼ, ֻǲƺѡ
ƺ֮, ǰȺڵͷЦɫ, ȴҪΣģʵڻ
һʱ̲סԼҲЦˡ
֡
Բס

ȺһֱЦɺ
ЦǾ䡮ɺ
ңҲǸǸѾͷЦǲǣ˭ô, 򶼴ߡ˵ɶ˵֮ô˵Ҳ, ֪ǲΪнǾ仰ʱеå, Сߣܿˡһ㣬ҿɶɵˣиƶСԶ˼, ڴһعʱ, ﲻסЦ
ôˣʱܲ㣿ɸɿ, ǣôҪСﵽߺˣҪԷǲһЩֵı
ѽߺʲôģǲôҵĺðйЦ
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СŴϲʲô˼ңҸ¹۲죬ͬ£ȻѣֻΪʶ־룬Ӧӡ
Ҳй۲쵽ڶʱС˿û⣬ԿóǾˡû棬ƽҲǽӴֶţ첻µز£ҪôĿʶʣҪôǹӵܱԺա
ԶԶԣҹ۲졭
ֲҪ˵
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ֻóԱһԱߣĬĬǷԡҶһ飬˼Ǻܾã㽫ŵ۹ܽᡣմô˵ЩءĿԵĽӽʵҪ
һˣԸµؾ֣ӣȥ̽̽
Ըµǰ¥뷽ִ޳ͷȽšͬqϻһȡԢףڶߵĸϻСһ꣬ͣҲɾ䣬Ƕɵĵڶ֡
ܴ̽ȻǺãֻһҪСġɿȽţĵ뽻񣬿һ£³çǼܹ֪㰲ǣضıġҲǲıֻֽܽǵ˴á
˵Сؿ˶һۣ׼ʣӻɶǴ㳹⼸ˣ
߲ƣȻҪ顣
ɵ׽͸

ǡ
ʱ֣ٹϳʵҲûʲôһΪɢ˭֪ȴڽʱôһ£°ʱȥٹٻڴվţվᱳʹź顣
˵󲻴˵СҲС
仰ǾةҵĿ֮볯õԶԼ֣ôһңܿóҵĶԹ
ʵ۶Ѿ⡣
Ǻʢҳãҳз֮ڶʮظ仰
ǺǣҵȫѶԷ֮ϹȻ񽫾ԲӣҴԵ·ˣɱǰʢΪ˹Ȩ֮˵ʢףڶϱδţȴѾԼˣʢ˵ˣ

ϷҪ㣡

Ļսʵһѹƫʵ۶̫Ӷ˳ܺҵǳԴʲôҩһֱζؿţ֪˺ܾáִƺӹ³˽ˣʵæ̺һ˳ҵ˵ƫȥͷʲô˽˶Թ
̫Ӷ˳ȻԶֵţԼ˼
˵ɣ˵ʲôڡ
ҵΪٶ꣬¸أҲǳд󽫣һȨǰãһһ˻ʵ۲æֻ˹ϵƺ࣬û¾ͻᳳ䣬ƺ͡ʵûĹЩ£ֻδ뵽˽վڳϳôã
Ȼʹˣͦ㰡ʵа̾
ϣಢ޹ڡȿڵˣ⡣Ƴҵһۣ޷˵һֱֻǲ֪ΪҪԴԴǿ̱Сʲôʢָأܷڳϣ
˵ⷬڵؿͷѵһ𣬻ʵ۲æ֣˵󽫾ɣδ㡣
ҵվһߣ¶м
ƺе
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ҵˣ˵Ҳ˽ԹֻҪ˵ʢʵû֤ݣʵ̫ӵ߶ô࣬д£֪ܲôֱةҵΪҪԩ⣿
ʵ۲ⶨ˭ִҲȤϾѾܾûˣ

񽫾°ɡʵͻȻðôһ仰
ϣ
޸ú̸̸ģʢ޲Զ㡣ȥɡ
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ʵҲѹֻʵ۸ҵϾҵȻʱΪµĳӣڻʵ۸յǻʱ򣬸ǳԻΪȨº͡ҵŻʵۼʮϳӣʵҲڻʵۣӢʶӢۣһ佫ܱȣ
ϣʢʵΪ˴Ȩǣ޶ġ񽫾˵ʲôʢԼͳβ޷Żɽкβͬ񽫾֪мȻֵ֪ȴҪۣòġҵʵ
ʵһֻ
⡭δʢ֮ǰҶϳŮЩ⡣ֻҶϣϳŮ¼Ϊ檣ᣬܻЩԹڴˡҵĿбӣ˽µʱ⣬һ봷ֵģʵһЩȣӶЦˡ
Ȼҵ磬ֲƢ
Ҫﳼ
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81 
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ǰĸʱԺǧһڵأ۵һͿˡʱĸرţŹûˤͷҲظˣҴ·һߣǻĸŮ֣˶ٷĹֱҹɣɼǲˡֻǵʱиĸţΪԼϲŭֵģůġ

ӣ¶죬СӰ
Ժŵʱжĵȡѩϵϣֲ裬һ
û£˱ҸҪչءɽӹյͷ߶߶ϻȥǵһοԼĸģղŻų˵ӣʲô£׷ɱһ㡭Щ裬˶һȥɡϻǵøһ롣
ͱˣҲȥѽŵ˱ϣ˵ʲôæŸүԻûпպȡ
㣬ɵӡϻ
һߺȡ
ϻqڶʱҲֻСӡ
Ƕ˾ǵѵÿѧϰ书ҹ仹Ҫѧϰд֣ˣ겻ġǵζӵʱѾ⵹һˣ̵ǿ塣
ɶϻq裬ӽǶ˱ߵĸӡԺǶɣƽﲻǳ⣬ǶỤ㣬һֱߡʱĶܻᣬʹʧ޵£մӱʹ߳
ɶס
ʱĶɣΪӣЩı䶼⡣ܶ£ԼڸǰҪǿĸ£øġֻʼǸӣҹλص֪ĸѾ뿪ߵʱǻѹСĸ֣һֱ˯š
ЩѰҹϻq߹ġ
ӣֻȥһԶԶĵطһֱӰѹҲ֪ġǻq軹ûô䣬οɡˣۿǴҶ˵ĸˣѾ˵ӽ󶼲ˡĸˣҲʶ
ӣлǵֻأĻȴһֱŶϻҲ߽ˣqһڶɵĴߣЦúᡣĻѹ֪ġȻԸ˵Ա֪ˣҲúʹġ
ɹԹԵ꣬Ĩһᡣ
˯ɣӡqȰ
˯š
ҪɣҸ㽲£
ʲô£ڶôˣˣСʱʼϻq;ԷǻһЩСִЦɿЦˣ˺Ȥһӱȴǰķա˵ˣ㽲Щ£ˣҳ١
а
УǰҽǸ٣
٣
ϣɾǶ죬һϻ˵Ĺ£ű˯ˡƺһúܼٵĹ£Ϊºģرöɷ۾мǵϣq뿪ʱ򣬻ڶɵĶ˵һ仰
Σӡ

ô߶߶վʲôô䣬жĽҲȣҪǿqӵķϣͷϻȦҺúõ£뽪ˡ
ӡϻɥ
ʲôڱȶҩ𣿡ɺһۣɱϻĬĬˡ
qĺŵĴѾͷĽŲȫһ𣬳ϻڷǰʯϣһŲյһŴ룬˫۾ԽŷţԼһ˿Ϣ
ое΢
롣
ӣ⼸١
׼ˡ
qǱߡ
Ҳ׼ˡ
һ˷֧Ǯqͺӡ
׼
ϻͷ򶫷ɣ۸мӣ⻰û˵أô׼ô찡
Ҳʲôɱ˷Ż£Ϊʲô׼ҲЦˣҹҾǰף㵱Բƣ꣬ǲҵף
Һôһ뽪衭ðɡϻлӣ
ϻһ˸ɾʱһӤޣ쳹


82 ʶɽ
qµ, һŮӤ
ΪЩССƤҲͰ͵, Щ졣ϻӱڻʱ, һӾ, Ůһʱϵ߿q, ˵һ仰, qֶЩ
࣬ˡ
Ӻ, ʲôᡭq軹˵ᡣϻģЦãһºӵԴֿȡְɣ
ϻq裬˵ıֻǴС¶, ֪Լ˭ˣ, 롣ϻŮֻ־ϲ, qô˵Цſڣòã
qҲЦˣŮǸģ, ˵ͷ
Ҳáϣƽ, õ
ҲҪҰ
ϻӵ
ɼĵһΣѾq
ͱȽ϶, ϻѾشϢɴڶ͹ģϧĶֲ࣬붫ǣմδС
һ֪ϻģں
ӴӣﻰѵֲôҸֵʱЦء
ǲЦȡòر𣿡
ι
qһ߿ǰ죬ദ죬̲סһЦӿ˲٣ͷ˶ЩʳĪ۵ˡ֪ǲǵ׵رĸԹԣ仰ʱܾ֣񰡣һ͡ЦŰڰ֣ˣЩʳԵûθڡҵǺȥЩСϼ졭
׼
У
ĸͬʱȰ衣

ĵ̲ס
ԷͬģǴ̼ˡ
СԴֻȭͷһ󡭡
ɻǵһοӤоܾ档СȭͷͽҲǣô˯ţżһ졣ÿ˶ǴôС峤˵ôɱ뱧һԼýˤ˳ȥ桭̲סһ̾һq衣
޶һ𣬰ؿ
⻭Űġ
˵ĳųһյĹֱɿ۾Ҫˣ˲ŻعЩ˼Ӹһֱҿqɻ
ûУֻЩôĶġԴһ棺ǲǳ׵ķ޾һкӰʲôضԼ𣿻˵ʲôʽ֮ġ
СүȻʫ龭࣬Ƕȴû˽֪˳˾ͻɼңΪ޺ͱضкӡǺ⵱ԵʣΪʲôЩ˺ܿͻкӣЩһأңӵĻһü
֮䣬ǲǲкӰ
һζسԼС˼ȴ֪ǱѾߵҪתߡ
ôİ̲סʡ

ѲѰʡ
ҪһŬ
มǼŬĻǲֻкӰ
ۡϻ˼ЦˣqԸ⣬Ȼᡭ
q̴ϻһơ
Ӻ˵˵Щʲôq˫շ죬ȥǺˡЩƶǶֻò¡ǶһԼ޵ˣصصֽԼжһ飬ҲǺܲ˼ģһֱ֧֧ᣬʼûн𶫷ɵɻ
ôصģ
ûа취ֻڼеʱʡ
ֶô飬Ӧ֪ԭɣ

ʱȴ˻Ҫá
ǲ֪֪Ļ˵šЩίһˣû˻شѻشôǺֺ֪֪죬ɶ˵˵ʲôԺᶮġѵֻҪ˾ͻᶮôҪͣ
пЦõԼãЩΪѡɶ⡭ȷǺѽʹ𰸣һʱ֮䡭ǲ֪ô˵
ʵһ˼ңⶼ˽ġ
Ǹĸ棬ıǴ˼רеͨѾԼ֣Ůⷽɻ󡣶Ѿ֮꣬ڹʱм檣Ȼ֪Щ¡ֻǶɴСʮָ֪ⷽ泣ʶģǾʱȴýǻޣȻҲûǰЩ
զã
пһģûС
ɶ
ţ
㵱֪ΪΣ
ǵȻˣɸ˵ҿɲϣ仹һͷˮ飡
Уš
ȥ鷿ҶʱСţЩءţɶܸĽضдЩˡɶҴȥúÿñ˷ڿЩ顭
Ϊɶ
ΪΪҶ֪Ϊʲô㱩¶˵ĻǿܻЦ㡭صض
ޡ
ɹɵصͷЩȥˡСѾͷƺ֪𰸣Ͼ뿪ʱ򣬻ر£һֱվű߿ȥԼղЩĿһŮģĺŮӸŮӣɶ֮Ӧþͻʲôˮ֮ʲôɽ˰ɡ
Ǻø硣
ĬĬؿԼ

ɿʱһ㶼û˴šЩԼ鷿źһǰ£صһīԷԼڿ;ҪʲôԼ¼ûԼῴʲôݣӦö֣رµʣעһƪְɣ
Ȼôݰ
ӣж
ãŰɡ
ж鷿ɺ𶫷еĶж
ڡ
ҲûʲôˣʱҪźȻصȥɣͷʲôٽ㡣
ǡ
ţ֧ˣҲ˭״ţӿ԰˰ɣڴƿ˰ĲĿϲûЩɻ󡣡˾֪£ҲдɣһΰûԼ̫٣һζҪúõҹһǣ
Сƿ˵һҳ
ţ
ееһ
һһ֧ëʣݵʱ֪ͣ˶˽Ƕ
Ϊʲô
ûɶ֣ȫС˶Ļ񰡡ǲʻġ
Щˣô·
ɰ죬ܺúô¡ôˣֿϵĻ񣬷һҳһĻ澫ϸ̴ľ磬죬ѥӣ·дϵġ
һ£ʲô


83 ϼ
ĸ, жѾͷ鷿ǰͭˮë˴ۣź򶫷ϴϳӣĸˡһҹû޹ЪϢ, ж, 𶫷ɷԸ׼, ˡֻСӿʲôô, Ȼһҹ
ж, ΣҲ˵, ں˯
ţҿڣٽź򡣡
ǡ
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ӡ
߽, ж־ա
ûȺѾͷж롣
Ūᣬô࣡СӶſǰ˯ţΧɢһѴӣͷĻɫ, ʵ˿һ۶жЦõվԭ, Ϊأӣ, ϴˡжһ߻һʰᣬ۾ǷѾʰһ롣
ŶжɻЩԺ
ҹôô¡жȤ

ΧĶʲô
Χܡ𿴣
ӦʱԼˣжﻹæ£ôӵסҡԼҪģǻң˵˾׺ӴġŲҲǡоԼСܱ˷ˣֱֲ׳طֻһίһĬĬʰЩʻ汾һԵ˽һӣȻһϡ
Կ׻ܡ
ж㣬Цˡ
ӳˣҪһЩжҲǿġ
˵ü棺Ҫϳˣ
ǡ
ˣ
ү
˵
ûϴ·ûء

ͷۣ
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ˡ


ǡ
ֵһҲ弣ȻС⣬ֻƣС˺ͰӣΪﳣפһ˵ˣһֱ¡ֵý죬˵˻ǰʱִ弣Сڲܾˣ˾ƲҲԣһһֱ˵˵ķ򷢴һһʱ
˵˼дţ룬ӴòסɾɣС˽ȥ˳ͷĹⰡһֱһֱߣߵ˾ͷƼһϺ
Ůٶڽζ£ΨǷСȥͷߵˡ
С㣬Ϊʲô˵˲Ĺˣ
ѾͷͷҵĹ𣿡
Ҿ˵˵
Цһᡣ
ƵʿԽԽ˰ԴӸһżƷ㾭Լȥʹ˵ʲôȥﵫ˵ƣЩ£˳ȻȽϺáߣ𷢴ˣЩɡ˼𣿿߸жûʶãôô˼˼ң
ɻߣδԼҲɼ桢ȴＸ顣
Ӵɲˣ˳ŴǴСǴýȥѽתһ

˵񶼲ôȤˣǰɲ֡ȥǶʱ䰡˵˽ıǾٹ˵С¡Ĺ¡ԼĹ¡ʱĹ¶˼ʮ仰˾䶼ģͻɲЩȫֱģŶû
С㣬ǴȥǽòãͻȻ˾ûôǷϡ
⻰ֱü
ǽҪȥ
Ҹղ˽ǽ¿ˣǩݷһһ׼ЦˣС㣬ǹȥߺòѽҡȥǩ~ò
ǡ
˸
ʱܸоֵֹģ⡭
~С~~
УģʲôӡȻûû¸ɴ߱Ƚ˳ۡɿһ¡¡ôô죿룬һζģǶɵģ
-ＸֵСԶһ飡Ǯ
-á
-ȻҪööĻѻϣ
-á
-Ҫ㱳ݣ
-á
-ӣɲУ
ʱĶɺԼǶԻΪôоСء
Щʱ򶫷ɴɵɵӣȻʧЦԭ֪䣬Ѿȥˡһࣿɵĵһ棬Ǹ·ҲСӣҲѾ߹괺뵽˴̲סָһ۾ĪʪͻȻɳʯۣĵЩ£ģ
ʢͲ
ǰݵʱ򣬲лС߿Щ˵ǩرأ㣬ҪϺþãѾͷһĵԵǩ£Ȼݣֻǿͷɵɽˡû취һЩ̲סͣһߡ
ѾͷԸԵǩοҲվȻҲ
ѽС㣬յҪúöһǣ߼ˣִϱ߽߲ܵӣһɱѽ죬һɽǩȥҲүһ֧˵ʲôϴ󼪣
ϴ󼪣ǩͲˡ
С˵ɶ
û¡
ʱԵǩǩ˼ȫ⣬ûаǸǩķϡڣһ;ܣôĵһ֧ǩȻǩҲ̫˰ɡǻʦ˾˵ǩģƭˣˡڳҪһصǸʦڵ顣
Ҳ
ǩһ°ɵǰҲȻѾûռ
С㣬˵ǩ
¶ࡣ
ͶͬʱҡǩһƲǩͲƫ鷳࣬Ѿúǩ˵һˣѾͷҡѡҲʲôΣֻԼһǰǩ
Ůʩ񡣡
Сʦ񡣡
ǰǸʦ֪ĶȥˣڽǩģֻǸСɳ֡òؽǩݹ˵һǰ̡ŮʩԺ򡣡Сɳֽǩϸ۲죬֮תǽϲõڶǩȡһϸ˿Цźʮϴ֮ࡣûἰǩģҲûнǩȻʫ䶼Լȥģϴ󼪣ȴࡣ
Ҳá
밢ɵǰ̣ϴ󼪡
վԭسȴͻȻһϵӸǰ˵
Ůʩò


84 ϸ
-Ůʩ, νй¶һֱҵ𰸣֪Ҳ޲
-ʦ, ǵǩֻ, ʵڲ͸á
-ӷŮʩ, ǩĵȫƾ, ˵, ǩҲǸο, ޣϣóԸֻҪģضܷ𷨱ӻġ
-ʦ
-Ůʩذɡ
ϡͿظʦ˼䣬Ҳ֪Լ׵˸ʲô㻯Ͼ֡ȫƾˡ˵, ͬû˵ɵѾͷ˹ȥԵǩһӾ˸ǩǩԢҲĺ, ֵòС

ߵ˺ý, ΪˣҲĵ̾һ
С㣬ɥ룬ǡٺ, ҲǸһطġ, ǩҲζͬ˳ô߼, ԰ο˵ͣպ϶ͬˣЩҲعֻ̫ܱ࣬ˮˡ
ҲǣЦҲǡ
ѾͷĶжˣ
ܶɺӰ죬һʱΪ˵ȷĽͬŮ֮飿ϣ߿ԼҪʲôϾԼ԰ɵĸ飬Ҳ˲ʱգ˺ܶ¡밢һ𣬲ΪɺãΪֻܸҲϲõĸо۹ϵ軹ܣʼգɶŵһ۵Ķ
⡣
ҡ
ߵǱһӵĻߣ˵ǺΪѣ·һҪ˵ӣˡС㣬Ҳ֪ÿ춼óԵ͸أж᲻ϲֻǰҵһý
รü㵱ã㵱ʲô
ǵȻǡСһ
ɵѾͷ߰ɣûȥˡ
£¶ػȥ뿪֮ǰͷ˴һۣͷһۿģǵںΰĽĿȺͣڿܿ밢ɵ⣬ضǾ̫ĿɡʱԶɮӣһصԶ
ǼģòҪˣѰ˼ǸߣฮĪһ׮£з꣬ʲô᲻𾢶Ҫ˵׮£ֵóЩõɡԱĹ¡ֻǿشԶ˼
˵һλ󳼣ϥ³ӽʮδ䣬òƷҲة˼䣬һİ֡
֮ס
ֲʶ˭Ե޹ʣΪҪҶ˵İ֣ЩϿԶһۣҶ˰ְ䣬ǲǾҪҼ޳ȥ޸δʶδİӣ
ˣȻϲǰô׺Į̬ȴˤҪ˲֪롣ԶվԭЦΣæȰ𼤶Ȼ˵ã֪ضˣҵʱ㷴ѽ˵ǼεҲ˭Ҳ˽⣬ʶ˴һҸ
ûд𻰣ֻĮһߡ
˵ˣҲ֪װ˭Բԣ˵ͨӦÿԻͰɣԶת˸⵽ɵϣȻĮ̬ˣֻƺеѹô⸱ģɱ㣬ҽġһʼ֪ү£ʵҲеѽܡүǸѵõܱȵ¼ежܱκ˸㿪ġԸģһ죬һ𡣡
붫ɵ£Զһֱ˵
һʼҲδɣʱ䳤ˣȴֲ̫Ծ̫ӵˣ̫Ǹùߵˣ˵ɺðɴö֮ԶҲĬĬ£ԽԽãû˱ȵ϶÷ˡ
군̫ӹƻһ֡
Զ֪
⣬мֻǸ磬һ£үүֻܽδȵ˵һ죬ǾҪҼ޸ĸˡʮߣݹ۾ǣʮδлԼĹʵٵÿˡռ޸ĸӣֻͽһݲֻ᲻ᱻ
һжö֪
ԶԣҲ˳Ĭ
ȷ׺үү뷨ǳҪǷҪˣͻü֡ʵһԶ˵Զֹ£λ˵ˣϣһԲӼ˲Ǿɸĸ֮ý֮ԣСףҪ˼ʲôʶʶֻҪŵԣƷԺãȻܹ־أ뷢޽ղҲǳ
ۣⷬԶǲ֪η
ܲ˵˰ɣˣǸǷŵԣΪδףŵǿ϶ˣռһпܸءס

ԶδǶУǶɱȽǿƻȽǿƣ
ү׵ĻҲȤ
³ٳٵòһõĽԶҲΪ˿˺һʱ䡣һҪøһ˼ȥ˭˭׵ķ벻ġֺܳүôףô˼үףɱѽַЦ
ԶĳüӼ˳ϣ̫ܾˣΪµʱܾԼվ˸ϸɣ̫Լ̲סü
־أվס
ûʲô£̫ӼԶҲͦеģ㺰ס˻Ƶģ̫˼ŷӦȻ
־أʲôأ⼸ձһֱ겻ģ˺Ҳ˽ҲţզˣǶǮǱˣ̫ӺܿԶĲŸɣԶԶıֺܲ˻ⲻǱˡ
ý˽´ԶС
㣬Ƥˡ뱾˵˵ʲô˽Ū޷ΪǮŮ˿գԶƽӦòǷǰ;ǮôĪŮˣֻ̫лɣ˵ǣΡ
֪֮㣬ΪڿõĻ¡
£̫һ䷴Ӧ֮󣬰Χ˶ŵˡԶûüӦ̫ӱܵһȥ˫ֱԶҡΣͣʣõĻ£ã㻹еڶ𣿣
ҿ̫ס֣ҺΡԶ롣
̫ӵ侲¡ֻһð
˵𣿣
ȡԡ԰ԶԼеͷĿѣ
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̫ɷǰؽԶſˣüЩԶþã۾ɵøͭһЩζؿڣ־أҲüһɶĸıӵװ仰̫һ̾ҪǶ֮ȥһ
Զŵˣﵹһ
׮£ܽˡ


85 
Ǳ߸÷, 㰲ͬ
Ҳ֪ڵǳԴʲôҩлŮޡô벻Щ󳼵˼ö˶˵ģȻѡ򣿣ν;ùֵֹ, Щȴò, һһ, ð߳öȰ˵, ס
ʮ, Ǿͼѡ򣿡Ӧ۽ƳԱߵĶ͵Ц, ˳ˮ̩ʮˣûУôͲȰȰ̩

Լоðɱ
ߣᡣ
Ⱥ󳼲ʶôɴ˳ˮ۰Ѷͳȥôȸѡ, ƽֹôûôһ˵ѡ򣬸УȼӻҪӻԾ̩˱, , ǲǸȸ̩ϲ£ٿǱǸ̨ףƫв֪ĳԿ˵
, ̩һͬϲ, ʵҲδѽ~
һۡ
ޱ飬ɱڡ
, ΪȷӦȸ̩ѡģȱضֲͰɴ£ձ㽫ѡ̩࣬ᡪ
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㵱ѡСࡢҲ԰֮ϣԼ̩ܹɻ£Ϊ´̳ˣΪʼҿ֦ɢҶҲ£˵Ƕúܣһһ׵ġ
ˮǽдͷʪˡ
ŵ´󳼵飬̲ס˸ۣǳ⣺֮ϣ˵лĵط˶𣿣
̩Ϣŭ
ǲԹɫзŭԼͬصعݣһɲ䣬ѻȸ
ĶͬĮֻǵΪ¶λͻȻЦǱôóһٴͺúһ¡
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ȻҪʣ
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Сүǲģʶеķʽǰγ彣ָ򶫷һֱӻһǡڵŶɿЦã֪ī
ɶǸ
˵ϻʵ
Сүʮ㡣
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ֻý彣ջأر⣬ЩáȻַʽܱôѵҪ
Ϊξò
Ц
ּȻ֪Ϊβҡһۣʵʺܾˡ֣òǡ
ţ
֣ңϣ䣿

㡭ĬϣСֹ
ɶˡ
Цᡣ
ԭˣʮʱ
ʱ򶫷ɲǸͯԶʮһ꣬ڰЯݷôʵۣ챦ǧڰ֮áʵǸСزһ޵󣬵˼Ϊĺѧǧԭ֮һֱల²ɸꡣʵȻɸĺ⣬ʢϯ
ûеˣǸ
Ȼʱĸֻʮһꡣ
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СɶôӣճӣǴϻԺҹչǣʵ۶Ȣġ
һͲһԸ׳Ƴ
꣬ҲΪϧ벻֮δΪ˶ǰһ֮Ե
Ҳˣʮ꣬ôҲˡЦţȴһ˿ɬ
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86 
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ɶɶ
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㵱ʥζС۰ɣǹأһбв˶Ŵ˾٣¶ˡ׳νңȿȨ
Ľȥװһ£ᱻֵġɴһȹ൭ţõũŮеĸӣϻΪͷֱɲǲһȽţһ¹
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ֽճÿһ˼ҵǰǽϣͳһɫŨҡ
꣬ôþǸˣ
Ƚź¹ڶһȸԾƺûĳϣСȻģģ⵽˶ɵСүϰԵޡȴֽװû˿СɵˣΪĸʲôûˡ
Ӵڶѧ̭ˡǰɲġȽŬŬ죬СֹҸ¹Ҳֻ뿴ΧûĹˣǿɻûءĸӣ涫ֺ÷ĵ¡
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УȽŵһʱǿ¹ܻǾȻң
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⾩ǣԤı붫С
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ٵĳ֣бס
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ɡ


87 
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һټѩû꣬Ǹġһɫëȹ֮⣬վһ, ;ñů㡣ٵ־, ¹˳ȥɸֻصฮ, ͷԶԶظԼߵ, ﶼЩ, Ǿϲ
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һ, ҲˣϹϾظ
Ůι
⻹һôò
Щ衣
ƽû, ض񡣡
СүҲʼͷ, һ˱㻻״̬ĸȽʶȤ˳, Զָ˵𴦸ɻװ볡һӣֻʣ˶ˣĵģ˳¿ʼ˶
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աոյΪ㣬Ծˡ죬Сĵ˵ȥҪվءϣճţˡ
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СүؿЩ޴롣
˼ȵͻȻôһ˲ӦʵĵǸ˵ģ˵ʱеЦֻǿվԭأ֪˻ʲô֡šɵţɵţȻİء
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ǰǽ˻ƾŸͷƣһǵĴ
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ɡ
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ѽ˵õʱػء

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˵ҲǺЦδ֮ǰֵĽұҴһ֪ΪԤûԹԵعЦɶ֪һңкöأ㿴вݵģпջģгǽĸģгŵµġԷһдʮʮңʮʮӡ㱸ãôǳܵɣ
˻ﻨ̵Ľңʮֵ⡣
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һ齩ס
ðʲʱпܱͷܡΪҪ棡ߣң


88 
Ӹ빬, ǶƫȺ١
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ʲô
üһ, ȥңǰɣʱ꣬Ÿɶң
ʲô
֪Ҳ۰ɶ㵨ӷԸȥ, Ҹ鲻뿪Ұ, ˼ⶼˣÿ쿴ɶܽ⵱ֻддҡ
ҲΪɶ
˽
ι

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㲻ԣ
㣡
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μʣꡪ
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һգ֮£Īѧǳգǰףˡ

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ۡ
ͬʱˮǺ̫Ӷ˳

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Ҳǣ
Ҳȥ

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Ȼ󣬱Ƕꡣ
ңͿǲСˡɶδҵˣҲǿֻΪүʮδȢ檣ô˵ùȥδرϲĹɼҲðĻʲڿԼӵʱ򵱼ǿӲӽ̫УǶҲǺˡҲ޵ĵӣΪʼҿ֦ɢҶͷȴ£ҲĿŶ˶˺ɣ
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ʵΪöгף޽͵ߡ
ŮӾȻܴӦ
̫ĬĬԼֵ


89 ߵ
ʰ
б߶óԲ·ˡ
˵, ϲˣĸз֮ʲô³ˣⷽĻ޻Ȱô, Ůô, Ҳһϲģ
ʡ
пˡ
, ֪Щʲô, Īġʵûֹͣ˻, Լʹģ֪ԼôҲ˵һѾ, һ룬ͻȻ뵽ЩʲôǶȥ
ǣϡ
мƲ
ͻȻȥѲ۸ղŵĻ⣿˵ʴ֮ģȻƺ, ˵ĵ׻кޣֻһ̫ӵ䣬ص֡ҲȢʲôŮŮз֮з֮صĹﰡ໡֪ʻƻƵô, Ͳˡö˶˵ع겻, ǵ˵һЩΪѵĻ
ʵžƣֵ˵Ļüëһ
һ
ҡ
, ʡ
ǻ֮ǰ, ǵڰͨš
ߡ
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ó񣬶⵱еļؼﶼǹġ
⣬ۡ
ջʲô˵ǴԸŶˡɽӻ
Ȼʵ۱Цţֻ˵˴̾һϧǸͳɼᣬɥ֮ʹδƽһҹ֮䲡ɽ£˱ȥˡ

ҲǰͨŲŵ֪Թȥ֮󣬱Ĺ̳λ˵һŮȻƲȣܳø𲽻ָСΪΪ˰ָʢһֱδһ£˫ʮȻһʵ۵Ļͣ򶫷УЩص˵ңһλŮġǰôʱǸĹ
ңһλŮġ
ǰ
ǸĹ
ԭأ˵
-
̩ؾסʱ
ֽ˴ѸΪйԷʵǻ֮ǰݹһаعòʰʢ޵ϵɫ벼ųƣȼų㡣
ʢֻˣꡣʱ䣬ˣǰô¶֪ࡣİɣһֱкúչԼȪ֪һҪӰ޲ʹÿ춼ĵġ˽йԷΪѾͷһʱŵ֣˭֪ĵһٶʢ㡣
վһߣдʣ΢΢һЦ
Ҹô࣬ûԼء
ţ
㣬һ¡
ɽӹĶһۣʢλǰ¡
λϵĽ֣ٸнʱ˵Ҫ˵ǰҵةŮ˰ɣˣҪһӡһӵˡδȵúϵһްˣ٣ЩźǸĸ֤ˣһʱ֣ģжѣġ
ߵף¯˶ɵľġ
һߣ۴Ц⡣
㣬Ҹ
ݡ
һͬλͷ֮󶫷ɵЦˣֻղһݣҸǰؽˡ˺ҵĽᷢӣҿĵ׷˶ĵģңأ

ؽףŮӶԣҪƲҪ
ʢ޵һ·֣߬ƣƵ߹йԷǵȡǰסʱĵͦųġЦЦоԼֽ˽
Ϊʲôų⣿
ҹɫ£̧ۿ
ʵʶôã黰˺̸顣Եһ俪׵ʱĵһ˵ʲôѹ¡ͨһС뷨Ի΢ЦҪǡ
ΪҲɳǶҵͯ䣬Ҳĸļ䡭ǣҲϤŸԼ룬ϲԺų⡣
ţȱϷֱ죬ε䣬̲סҪٿԷһЩһһĳֲڷҡҷֻÿһطõһ棬Ҹأұˡ⾩Ȼ﷦ζ⵱е׻һ㣬ԣҲȤġ뿪ص󣬸㶼ҵߣһӣоԼֻص˳ǵʱų⣬عԮ
ʢֻ뿪ˣͬҲôסͣסֻɣҵǶҵҲǶ㲻ҪԼԮʲôʱʼš
ǹ¿֮㲻ǡ
ԲҪԼ̾
һǿֵģٻ᲻ġҵӡѹˣɻЦŰοңҽ£ȥ档԰ɣϣҿ뿴һģʱ㣬ʱ㻹㡣һЩô򶫷ɵ飬ȴҧ촽һԲɫЩһۼˣ˺һЦǰ˵Ǹ˲ǰҲްġɣֻҪʵԼ

һڡ
ҡҡ
Ҳ֪˶õίᣬİο£վ̣ˡǰѵÿжǸߣٿǲǻơٴԼûΣաǶѵõķɣͨ˿ٻλӵһеȴǷԼЦ
ɵӰɡСﲻԿ̫ŶȻڶ˯ѻòÿġȴһ֪ʵһҲ¿ޡµ£վǰʱȴȫ²͸뷨үֻǸСһŮҡ
ûӦǶ϶Ŀ˺ܾúܾá


90 Էҹ
ҹ, йԷޡ
Զ̫Լ̩˺һνӣȥռ˵ǳһϷرȤ˶ɵġʱ顯ȥͣΪҹȫ, ӦûڱԷޡӦú̫Ӹĳ˿϶ӡ̫ӵԼ̩˽, Զฮ, ռҾܾҵԼնһ̿ģ, ˼Ƕ˻, ûж롣
ڴ£˶Լһ֪
, λǣã
˶ɺߣȻԼжλǲǰϹģط֮ʱߺжıࣺжЩϲ, ߾ֱӿĵһһģһ֮ǰż򶫷, ˽, öȥ̽̽ж˼֮ûпܣֻǶ֪ûижټߣҲûҪϵĴ㡣
Դ, Щɻ
ӦҲ, ϾǱҲģһһغķѵʱҲ, ŹͻȥòӦ˵ʱ̲סһۡ
ֻһߣæ壬һ˿档
֪ʲôأ
͸Ҵô
еСϲ
ôͻȥŶһΪھһءЩʧƲƲ죬ɫȫдϡ⼸Ҫʲôж᲻æ
жǡóȥˣֻʣˡɿߣдС˼̲סСѣѾͷ㣬һ֪ж˼ôҲһ£жȥңȥʣֻñ˲ȻǶӰ졣
֪߰ص˵ͷδ֪еĺ
ǳ˼ң˵ԼŮ֮ĽɻǽΪϴ˼һһЩΪ֪£˽żմǲѰֵȥˣοϲӣŮϲŮӣǳʼң︮ﶼ໥ʳڴˣ޴󰭡
ֻڣпܷչΪһԡѾһԡ
ѾǶʳĽ˻⣻ֻǵѾߵҲ໥Ľʱ˾ͻìͷָѾߣֵ֮ͷϡҴ˽ĽǶϳɲϣԼĸδȶǰͱ˹ж̫ԣ˶ǣ
ԲΪ˶ΪԼһжӦСΪϡ
ο
ɵɫЩء
˾޵ʱ䣬ж˳ȥЪϢ¶ɻ·͵͵һĴ壬ʵ̫أһöɿصʵʵʲôЩ˵һ䣬ȴһƸǵϣžߴһ£˶ˡ

ɼֱˣҪߺ㾹Ȼ
ٵһԡ
㡭㡭
Сү˵ＫСһ䡮ϱôôסŶСүίģĬĬ˯ȥˡû˵Ҫ뿴һôףˡôˣôϲˡ
ΪڱأԭǼ󰡡
ɽߣԱǸϲ˵ġСħ
Ϩƿ

ţ
š
ֱԹ졣
֮ǰҸ߸ж飬һֱûб̬ҹҲ˵ˣ˵ҪСġôûô򵥣ɵߣɵﻹԸ˵ֻһҪȽһ¡
̬ΪҲ˵ɻǱţԼǽ˵̾һˣ渵жСҵߣǰڵʱѾͷһ¡˵ѾȥܾˣҲˣǻԼйģжԼҲӡ󡭡ҲˣǶ˿Էʱ̬ͬȲ˵ж᲻ϲߣڣֻ֮ͨ顭µ߱飬ǶΡ
жǻԼ֮һֱģѹ
ԶҲ֪ôЩһ˵ڣɾղˡ
ԭˡ
Ҳ̾һ
ˣ߸жˣǲǸýһ˵£ЩСƢһĵ䣬˭֪Է㷴ӦûУ𽥾ȣ˯ţˣܹ֣תҪںԷһֱ۾ƮƮ³һ䣺
ɣûʲôС

һ
СʵĻƺ뵽һֻԶھô֪µģȷһֵֹˣεңûɣرšҲ㶼ˣǰ񲻼ˣԼ˰ɡ
˾ԼǸΡ

֮ǰε
ţ
ε߶һԵСƺһҪԣӺȫ֣ȥ档붫ɶӣ˵ЩʱƽɵüĿżֲ᣺֪𣬰ɡǸûа⣬ǱˣҲǱˡ˺þãܺģܺ¡
չ֡
ڶߵСֻһˡ£´СߣұضŹȥҧŸƨ
ɵӡ
ģ
ҲŲ㡭
Цˣɱ˻һڻ÷ǳ߿šʵĵ׻ǺҵģԲԣɹһЦһԴĵ㣬ͷǳԾػ֮ǰڹ㰲ǿļᡣǷӦ𣿶ɾԼЩ٣ʱƲסؾЩ¡
㣬һ취𣿡̧ͬЩ١
ҾͶˡ
Цˣ¶̫ԵС
ϵζģЩŵʱһڡڶߵöģcϢߺߣδ־ٶֻǰűȥߵૣǽԼЩ̽˳֮ڣȡů
дˮܸ֮˴ʲôĸо
볢ԣĵԼܹ˳ó׵һ졣ʱ磬һжǰɣûа취ʱ򣬾һǿȢŮү⾩ǣֱӰϴ컨ΣӭȢعǰ㣬ƺҲʲô¡

ƺеŶ
˴ϵĲ˯ɡҺ֡
ˣ˯ȥ
㡭
ţ
㻹ǡְɡ


91 
²ʮʮ, ʢʵЯ̫ԼǡɸλһͬӼǣһ棬о˺ǱĿ⣬֪㰲ʹһ¶ǱҲ⵽һĻ, ˲, Ŷɼɶ, ˵ǲǼ̫ӷ, СǸ¶¶桢ӵ
ƽʱ, ʢ¿ɴûñĻӴ͹ͬϯҲ֮١
ʢʵһͬ, Ī˽аţ
ƳۿԼµϸüĿͻȻеϤءȴּǲһ֮ԵͷԼת߿𴦡
дʢϯǳعٷûʲôر֮
ˮ, ھǵ̫Ӷ˳ǵþٱ顪ǸݣҳԳԺȺ죬֮ױ, ˮһ᲼õľƲ, ̫ӻ϶̵ܱģλףһֻʲôʮа˾ܲС
û˼̫ϯС졣
˵, ƺ绹Ҫ˼һЩ
ĹдڰʵۡȲ, ͨѡļԲ̫ı仯ҲǾ, ڿ˶ԿܾζŨֻǶڶ˵ǿᡣڴ磬ڷԱϲµȳϣںĺķζص㣬˶ÿһ綼ͬҲʸС̫̾һŹͬǰҪϽ̬ȣҪֵͬľİɡ
֣Ǳһֱɶ
ʵ۶߸ֱ̫Ӷ˳̩Լʢˡһ߳Ųһ͸裬ǶͶĿ̫ԡ߹˵Ƶʱ˼Σ󾭳򶫷ɵķ֪ڴʲô⡣
̫ӵһʱ𶫷ԼǼ¡ɿһѹҰô˵ùȣǿ۰ɡǾǣǵǹƥǹǴģҺ
ҵǺһھƣЩޣĸҶɶʲôֽţ⾩ǣҶҪʢ
ı֮һ˺ӣʢʲô
̫һЦԼҵܵ޿κΡҲҲգʢѾǴˣһһջΪһƽ񣬷˴͸ô͸ɱһĶŵ̫ӣĵ¶뷨
ʱʢ˿ˡ
Щ£ʵ
˷׷׳ȥ
ʵһʾ¡
ʮָһߵĿ¶֮ɫض꣬΢΢һЦΪ޺ãҶסģʱ¸ʢʳٻҶҲضһһ⣬ֻȢһλޣ檡
˵꣬òعһݣڸм׼
ûһ̣ͬôŸǴʹϵ˸Ȣһ
ɸЩöԷϡ
ϾҲʮ꣬˵Ǵ޵͡ҽף϶ͻϣȢΪޡɵҲԼʲ̬ȣֻǵҵӣ᲻᲻̫ã
ָ֪䣿ʡ

̲סһ
԰ģʳˡ
һ˲䣬ȫδͣһ仰˶һˣŵͬʱɱսǵģϾΪôֱӵ˵ڣʵǾܾҲҪҳɡл䣬ôǺηʥֲϣѺϹ־úʣϲѵ˵ĶӲʸݹ£˭Ȣء
͵͵Цˡ
ʵ۶꽫һĻ۵ס
δл䣬ҲǴ޵䡣ʵЦЦ治ɫȵֻ޼Ϊ۰ֶŮŵķض׸Ҷޡ
ްҶ롪

ĶԻԴ϶ԷΪˣҩζʮ㡣ϵ˶סδҳκβţֻǶҪһЩҲ֪ǲΪԵʣ˵ĴЩãĻú
Ļ£޿ñȽɽ𢻹ҪҪӣȴһۣ

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ﵹǿһ£ϲ־

еһ룬ʵ۶岻Ϊ뿪ˡ̫̩ϯдӣһҲϯճŲԶƼʵ۵վһغ򣬲֣ǰ鿴
ԭʵԶ
μ
š
СĵǰȥıǹµӰԼ֪˿ڳ˼ЩʲôϾѲµ¼ءֻǷŶΪʢ˻˹ָʲôһ㣬ЩΡ
μʲ
λվţ֮صú
ʵۻعǶɣϱǳЦݣɶôҲˣʲôʣ
һЩƣվʤҪȥˣǿʲڴ˴ǰգգۣ̽ʲʢףؾ᲻ᡭǺޣ
мǺ޵ĵӣҲڱǵľӹƳǳأøŮ׵³ʵۺǲмЦˣһ߷Ŷɵļ߽Щһ߿ҹɶ°ܽĺ󱲲Яһ˵˼ҲӦ
ᣡŵһμе㱻ŵ
ʵЦˡ
޾֪Ӻ޸оԵܾˡɶЩòģΪЩԶм㣬ôߣԽԽ֡ԵˣԶҪȱΪǵˣѶһͻ
˵Щһתۣ˳ĬֻټĻʹ̾һɴ˼ֻеᡣԼʲȻЩʱɱˡ׵Ĺ£һʱҲǸп
ʵۣ۰ɡ
û֪ЩǱʲô飬Ҳûִ֪һǷԡ֪ģѪ顢׳һ棬һأ
û֪ȻҲ֪
ֻǽҹλٵĳԶһԲصĻ棬겻ѡ


92 ҳ
Ϊʵۻؾ֮, ʢ߹ӵȢ޴ҵʲôΪ˵ͻ״˭֪¡
»ҪǸڹ뿪˵
˵ȷһҪʶףϾǿƱǺֹٱ, 붫ҽ, һ, ʢܵҵıӻ, ټʵ۾ܾ, Ҳ׼˵⻰ûȨû, ˼ҵĵطϣɶֿϯһֱ̾ʢ̫ңԺιһѡ
ʱģӡ֮Сһ˿Կǡ
ţ
Ŵ͢ةŮ, Ҳʮֹ꣬СʺβпةŮأЦةǸϹ, ҳΪһ, ʢպķչҲаġ
ةŮ
ԡ
飬ֻмƻ
֮ǰڹ㰲ǣ˵һ֮²ŷڶߵĹԭǳسŮ, ǣĹϵͬ̾, Ȼλ˶ΪӣҲԼֵȢһֻǵȢ˵Ļ, ϵ׽ܽӽһɣֵܲȢˣûŮɫһɿһҲҡǣǱ֪˽ңҲܵӰɡ
һԼֵܣ˼
ʧȥĳڼ̳˵ϣȲǡֻڶֵ棬ʸ񵱴ˣҲܿôôྭ飬˵ģֽܸǳҪϣŷܵĴ㣬㣬͵ÿЩİ취
һô
ɽҵģֻҪѪͳͲڲʡ
ʶ
ͻȻһ
ʣ
ʮǳɬźٲ뵽µԵʣǸûʲôĻ̫޹ˣһ˫۾֪µͯȫ鶼ӸֵİţԼʲôν󲢲𣬱ϾĶ֣ʱܴʮ
˵ѡΣʵ
һȫƾĸϣȢةŮԵհ졣
áձʮԪˣż³ȥةฮۡתתŰݷáฮ͵С⣬ӡ󡭡ֻҪǼϲ㣬ȥʵ飬±ˡ
ס
ϣûйԷΪԪҪ׼Ķ̫࣬Լչ˲ʱֻֿҹ䣬鷿дֵʱüͻȻһЩԤС
ӣ
жһֱڱīɺȻͣסɻ
ѽڽҲӦ֮ŶԡɵͷƳһֽԼĿ϶һīֽ֭ϣοҹһĸоƺЩҪ
ǲӶˣжһֽЦԪڣֵúءӲǲԼչҪȥô
Ҫȥߵģң˵ԪһͬκȥҴҡͷЦˣоǼһ㣬λֳúýӴһ£ǲʺҵġ
̫ӵº̩ʵǳжǸҲܸˡ
ǰɣȷҡǶһֱ㣬û
ѽ
ǰ
ӦţЩĲɡ
ʵǰѲǹĪĲУѰЩ졣һ϶û˯ȥֱŻۣ֪˸ʲôΣʱһ麹Щʲļ
ôԺһʮԪڣˡ

Ԫڵϯҹ䣬԰ʱȽϿУλүûǴκԼֻĸ˵ģǺٽֽ̫Զ˹ص˵Ҫ飬㽫æµµԶƭ˴

Զ˴֮һãȻǿԼøλﲻһʱ찡ұ̩ǰ滹̫ӵ¡¹٣־زμ̫ӵ£μ̩μ÷һʱ䵹ͷݣнǺǼԵøˡ
̫Ӷ˳Цһ־أҪǿĺȾƵģһͲμμǸòãԱ
ǰԶ붼Լһա
̫ӻλүһȾ̸ģ
š
ֱǰ;ɹʶһɽĽడ
ǡ
ԶСǰȥ
ƽ־ڱ߰һֱôɿģԱͦŵùԶʱ̫ӱ㿪ʼ̩⻹öɶ򱾹ôһ˲ţȻ⼸־ںԺǵʮܵСԺʿ
ֵܶ˶ЦˣΨֻǱտڲ̸˵ⶼС£̫ӻʶӢ۶ѡ
Զ㶣Щ档̫ӵ˵нաøлκ̫ӿԶĲȷҲڳֻǶʱԼۣƺδоټ֮Ⱑ
ǰúúøл̫˵δ⣬ڱ߾ټ㣬˵й˵ĲѧܽãضܳΪ֡ҲǻԵǡ£֮ĻŲɣ󼸷飬֪ǱҪˡ
ԭˡ£־ز֪Ϊ
񷨵ԶҪͷˣ̫ЦŽ𣬲ҪЩٶñȥ֮Щ¶ֻĬĬغŲˮżһԼҸ͸λദٿһСү
һ²ֻǸպһλֳķˡ
Ȼ󣬱ǼͼĿˢˢ˹ֱŶɺš
СүȲɿһǸ
Ĭصͷ
ﰡǸǰĿŵشϢ͵һˡ̩ЦˣȤôɶβλ˳չع㰲ǣ
ι
ǰҲæˣǹģǿЩк˼̫ҲŸ͡
ԶֻЦ
һĻЩ֪˴ֻʣ֪ԼҸ֧ԼͶɵ£ȴ̫Լ̩˽⡣ôţ⼸ڶôЩ֣ѵ̫ӵ»̩Ҳ֪ô
ɶԼλֳ˼ۣǲ˵˼Ц̫ӵıһھƣȻЩĳ˵һҪץʱȥˣң㻹ǵʢɶýô
ǵá̩ͬһüͷӲǸëСӣΨΨŵŵģ޸֮ʵ̫ô嶯Ӧ£ҿ϶Ҫʢ׳졣
รʢҪĻô
ǰ˵˻ҪҪֻȻҲ˵ڣʢһƧ͸ѹأҲϯ˵֤ɶʳٻޣǹȥǶס죬˶Ƥˡ
찡ʲô֪ء
ǿ϶֪

λһһĵó죬Ϊ˵ɵ£԰ע˹ȥֻǻˣͻȻ˸ת䣬ҲȫȻͬˣ
־أǼնڣҪһɶչսҪʲôͼױ£

ɵһۡ
Ǽôôء


93 
ʢռżฮ, ֻǡԶڸϣֻǸةҵնһ棬ҴҸҵնţߺ, λıЩ΢
λӡƺ˼
նЩ̫ȷ
ҵһ, һֱԶȥ, ԭ, Żڣ֮ⲻھ, չֻһǶѡ԰, үӱ㱳ֽȥնĬĬϡ
ӸյգŶΪ
ѵ²ţҿɲšӶƵڸţԼͬŵľӾٶ̸£˼ֻ̫СǸ, Ͼһǹٳة࣬һǾ̶ĴˣСС, ܰƭӹݷ, ͵Ķھģôأ⣬óаŵġϾںصĻ, ᱻͨе, ˲¼ɡ
֪⼸Ҳʮ, нͷеնǳر˼۸
ص㲻ڴ˴
ҵ˵չ֮ϣʢʵ˽׵ʱ˵ĶɣǻʵôýԼֶŮ޸ңԾܾˣ˿û档ʵ۹˵أԪ鷿һˣʢ¡ȴȤʢӱִܾ֮⣿
ȻѾ˼˵ͣΪ֮Ϊ˵ӡҵţȻ˼ƺЩʡնæǰҵ˰֣ް˱ضеĲʹһҪסȻǹǲˡ
ȻҵŮҿ϶Ҳ۰ôˣѾͷôҶûҶһ䣬ҪôϷնű岻ȴҪô̲࣬ס죺ͺúϢɣҲˣЩִ֪硣
ȻһϹͷûȵҵ˼֮ǰʲġ
ˣ˵ʲôɵأĹߣ
ҵ˰֣ʾⲻ˵ˡ
ҹҵҪ۽أʱʢҲϯϣ֪᲻ᵱҵЩǡɲǻʵ۵ݰϯˣϼһ첻˼Ƥô죿»ʵΪӦʢ˶ִ˾ڴӦּһ£˵ʲôûˡ
ึˣ־ػû
ûء־ڶǸˡ
նôһ˵ҵ뵽ʲô
ԪᣬЩǰδеʢ
ϾλүԼʢݰ٣ʵ۶ص˲õ¡ЩһúÿԶصĺ󱲣ʢһ´ʵտʼǽ̻˽һӣǺԼʵλ˵ۣôˣ
ʵ۶ͷǳǳЦšԼ߿ȥߵĶȴƲֵģ̻ҲʲôҪ飬ءʵĵس߽
ɶ
ʲ
ɱһ
ר׼̻ʢ磬ô㲻ϲλʲԼŪĶϱֶŮθڣ¶ҪԱֶŮΪϡЩ֣̿æ͵ǣȻϲֻǷһЩó񣬹еʧǵġʲĪģû¡
ʲר׼ϲԵĵĺͲȣҲӹ㰲ǱȡһЩصΪԤɶչڣɲüͷţʲô¾ܸʲ˵˵
һҵͬЩ״̬Ϊǹ׮£ûר̻ȥֻʵɶҲ֪˽ЩʲôʵЦĶɵļͷȻΡҵĵ̲סһ̾ϸĸð縸ŮҲܲأĹҲ˵ȻֻǸŮҶҳ£ǳɼ
һѻ
үۺ룬Ǹп
̫ط翵ԪںԸꡪ
ԶԪںԸꡪ
ƿذ֮ԪںԸꡪ
̫ģԪںԸꡪ

̻֮󣬱ԭķ̫ؿʵϺһСʽֻǹ£ֻǶϯȴЩԾ㳯ԱȥԳ͢˽ⲻ࣬ԱѡҲֻӡ֮СǺƿԼȥģʲƿʮͷȴ˫޵ĿؽӴôǽһȴⰲ֮ǵǸƿأˡ
ĪǣǰǸƿǨ˱𴦣
ɸڳãûҵеǸӰ
Ҳա
ΪԼִſЦá
ȥȥ޳ֲעһ˳ġ㵱Ǹ˵һΪ˴ְأǱôеûģɡ
οԼ
ԪϯĶǴ͢٣ԼܷλĹ壬һɫӣŮˡ˳ϵɣ˱ǹӷھļλˣʮϯв֪һλãүȥӰȤһҲʣϲȡֻǶ磬ﰮԵĶ²ȥ֡üֿʼˣ˷һʲô鶼ò˳ġ
ֻʣ֣꣡
-ɶչڣɲüͷš
ʵ۸˵Ļתͷ򶫷ķ򣬷ЦſԼģֱʲȥɣЩ˼
֪ʢԪڵϰߣϰԪںúһͼԽԽ˳ĵĺͷʵ۶ͻȻ˴뻺һϯϵΰɡЩ⧲ʵ۷ʣعͷʾ΢Ц
ʢԪȻҲأֻϯ֮ʢȻȲ
ǫˡ޿ʢĽշױһζδӴĵط޶ʢ¼Ϊ~ʵ۹Ц˼ֵ£ڿʼʢһˣնǻӴһ޵ʢǣϣһ֮갡
ǻʵ̾ʢʢøУǱ˶˻ʵۡڴʢˣν֮ؾҲˡ˼Щ£ʵ۵ĻҲһЦûӦʵ۵ĳŵ˵ձضúÿ꣬óٹ֮С
ʵЦøΪġ
еƤ
ϰٹҲЦˣ˼ģҲ¶Цġ
ˣ¡Ǽ£ȥ˼֮󣬵ȷԼǲܡһ˻⡣ݻΧŽһ£ʵ۾ţǹһĨЦ
ɣҶ飬ô㡪
ѽ
ʵ۹ЦţʲôΪЦ£ȫ˵ȥ˵¾ԼȥǶˣôʲô쿴쿴ղǳϷݵúЦǴһĻɾͰ׷˰ʵŲûзʲôЦϸڣҲ֪ʵǹתƻ⣬ǰ˵⼸仰˷Ц
ԼûӦ̫ˣЩΡ
¡
ʡ
Сĵһ˵䣬ɫеѿʵŲ£ǻǱ˵˰ա֪ͼˣ飿
ҭס˻ֻõͷ
-ʢʹϵΪ£ķáʲü޸ˣͬģΪ˼ҵĹҲü޹ȥɲΪľܾñ˼ҹ˿࡭
-УʲӦ㣬˴һˣԵĶ׼Ǵߡ
-ǻʲ
-á
Ƕ붫ݡ
ֻûκһ֪


94 
ʵ۲ɵ, ֮ӣĴҪԵöࡣ
ȻҲλĺƽ, հҵͬΪ˹̻λ, ס
ʵǺεﰡ, , һ֮, ΪҪһȺΪߵˡӽ£ʵ۵߸ǲС, Щͨϰն֪ġС㡯£ʲôһŲ֪׼ȷ˵Ӷɼĵһ棬֪ˡ
ʱ˰иŶɣҪ
ֻδ뵽µķչȻƫ, 꽥ǻһֽ֡
ʵЩӡ
Ԫ󣬻ʵ۽Ƶ˵, ȴ̴ܹȥ̫Լ̩ϯʱвôһĻ, ǿʵԼһһʱɻֱߵȽǰߴظɲԻعγȥ
鷿, ̫Լ̩, ʵǸֶ
μʣ
μʣ
ʵ۲δתֻǻһ, ˸ҡֵ̫̩ܹԭղʵƣ֪Ҫ飻ֻҪЩ˲Լͬ뵽ʢһ£ٴӽ뵽öɣӶǶ顣Ӷ֪ôˣʵۿ϶Ҳ֪١
Ϊ˲ûʵջȨ̫Ӵ˳һݣȻʣΪ֣չֵչǱ֣Уί֮أﲢָ£Ͼֻ̩ǲ²⣬һʵ۲˵£仰ìͷתҲδɡ
ʵ˼һ
ʡ
ǶˣһΪһүΪ˽¾һЩ֮£ʵǷˣϣһֵ֡һ֪ģͷựܽʵȴڰԷΪʲôһ¸ߵߡʵתüչؿӣЩʹ˵ɶСĸѾڣΪֳѵӦúúôӹһЩ
̩۾һӦǸʣɶڹͦõİ
Ͼʶ뿪ʱģҲʶڹ㰲ҵ״̬Ƕӣ˵ǻҰǺʹ˹㰲ǣֻ¶ɽɽᡢɻʵȴЩӣ̩üŭ
ɶŮӣŮǰǺ
ôһ仰ɰֵ˵ˡ
µĲڿǡǺ⣬ǶԻʵ۾ȻЩȡ̩һĪǸǷµģԧ죿̫ͬЩ侲ȴоﲻףϸϸʤȯա̩˸ֵܻ⣬ͷ
ֳ˱жһοһλֳ̫ӴδĻʵۣ̩ĵһɢү̫ӴԷȻһԾϷмܲסʱٳһʵôҲǨŭǵġ
ڶǰҲ֪ռС𣿸ǲɶռС飬Ϊλҵԧףʢңд࣬ͺʵҲǣ˵źʵ˶ǣɵȨƹ󣬿Ǵͻʱȴ˺ԥΪɶΪʲô
Щ£̫Ӳһƶһ˵ڵġ
ͻҵȷЩëֻǵʱδ漰̫೯֮£ֻһͨͻ飬ûп̫ࡣռʵ۶ɶ̬ȣŻŵ顣
Ȼ֪ɶ£ô£ô᲻֪飿ʵ۲ǸΪ˵ľҲٺҲɢˣǵͻ顭ֻܹ˵ʵһʼͲ˶ɵ˼ûһ֮ȨֶŮϰ
ʵ۵С˼ȴ̫ˣ
ʵҭһ£ָ״̬Щã޴ͻԵɣ²е˼
㲻ǣҲ֮ˣ˵ݣҲһԱ
˵ʲô
ʣۼʵ۸̫ӾҪˣһԿϷ̩æҶɶãЩ£ɶǸֶŮΪɶ룬߲ìܣʡɶССͱɥʧ˫ף常Ī˵ǸֵܶҲ¾ĺúöԴɶġʲϣҲ常İ
̩֪ʢڻʵеķڷ
ŮڴȷףЩ˽£ƴм˸ҽǶʵ۽հԧ첻öɸһնָü޸˭źʣɵƢʢϸˣ϶һˣⱲӶԸı䣬ɹòģȪ֮µʢĿ
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̫ͬ໿ֵܶһһͣһһ常׻˻ʵ۵ߡ
ʵʹļס
ֵܶȴһ߿ţһ߰͵Ц
صйԷĶɣڻʹ﷢һĻϷһ֪
صϣ˸մƫŽȥһӰɵ˹һ죬ɽ˸ǼɫģⳡϷǳۺ죬æһɸ£ֺõԶԶţԷ⡣
ɣôһöò١
š
ɼӦһ
һΪصﻹʱأôôɢˣվǰֻҪ˵һ䣬ȴŵһŨľ㡣ɣ˺öƣ԰գһü
ϾԪᣬǲȾƣô񻰣ɳЦˣ㿪ԼæһסʮؿҺȵĿǹ㰲еľأ㴼񣬹񡭡ϲҷбһ̳ϼֺη
ԽԽ仰ı˼һЦһֵסͷ˵Ҫ
þƼˣԪڵýĿ
ҲŲҪΪƹ
Խǰһֱˣ߰˲˵źǽǵطɵٵǽߣǳû·ЦҪƿǲ֪Ƕˣһʱ䣬޷֮ɶɽԼǽǶá
Ԫ¸ͷš
ɣ쿴
ܱȵ㣿
ɳûһ׷һ˲סĴԵؽǽߡСħʮѵõر˲ѱڶɵṥ´ӷΪ˫϶ɱ޵ץĽۡſڣɣǰȫȻһ˿ܷƵĶɾһˣǿƣܾܾ


95 ج
Ԫ, ̩Ҫطȥھ±Ͼɻ䣬ʵһ־׵ģҲþʹȰȻ, Ԫڹ, Ǳ㷢һ¡
, йԷʱͻȻ, ղ, вΣ̬֮
ͻȻҴǣ㡣ֵǰؼѽʱ, Ϊȷɲ˶ʵ۶֪Ⱦ󵱼ӽӪؾפأɭ֮ƣԼնһѹ
ʵŭ糯ʱֱָ±ض˰º֣ٹٻ̿, ֪ʵۼ¹һŵôҳԼһʵ, ͻıɡ
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Ĺ佫, һʱҲ֪û˭д˶Īʢˣֻǹ˾, ھ£Լˮ֮Уûôʢ, ֻ˭Сûеˣ˭ôĳһжաʵ۶ϵɫǱ״ûô׽
ϡ
ĳ֮УѧʿԴΡΡ˳һԣм⣬վͶһ£Ͳסڣ
ϳҲϳ飡
ⷽԴλߣٳҲһ㡣ȴһݣЩʢĶŮֽ֮ɣΨһﱲԴֻһŮֻ޸ʢ󣬸Ůϵ٣ⷽԴǸظӣܾ׽ŮӰ˴;ʶػ䣬衣
ŮͻȻأķԴŻȻԼϥʣһֱϵæ̫̩Уʵ
ʵۿһۣ˵ͷģһ˳¡ң
ڣ
ǲ˴ʦҲȥɶ
ǣ
ʵʦˣٹϽǱ֮ɫ
˵үǸΪСѵҪʹԹźնౡʢʬδѵСҪŲȥҪϰɥ
Уͬ´
ھסģϺĴ棬նҲЩӡ˵˲ҲӡôڰɱǸľĹԺӣүް󣬻ۣÿһʮ͸ү㡣񶫷޹Ⱦٰնţϣϲܾӣ쿵
ʢ㷵̵ĳӣҲվճʳطһɲ׼ȥͬ
ʢ̫޿κΡ
֪ʱ˿Ͼˣһ˿пܱʵѺֻǣȦվʲôȤأĵֱ̾
ҲԼʻֵôյڷ﷢Ȳ裬Ҳơ
ǸƯСﾹȻ޹ʲأ뵽˴ȫȻԼڹ㰲ǵһʱǾɫòˣͿϧˡ˼
գǰйԷҽνһһ
ϤͣйǰδϣӳĳȨ佫һƷ󳼵֥С٣ȫˮһ̽Ȼҡͷò˴йй˿ʼ׼׳µͿܲܰȥˡ
һ£ֵþ¶ϻ
á
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Ҫ˵ѹˣ»ʵ۶궼㲻ϡ
ฮʱˡڶͻȻȾһ֪ϢţȴԶһֱסûܸϹȥһۡԶ˵⼸Լ󳼶֣⣬ûϲ˿ɲáȥй̽ûͣҽҹڶߣлӽ
⼸նڷе֪ɵ֪ռղˣ֪ջںҲûѹ֪ڴʶԺ֪ȫҩĵһ޳˶˵ƼǻˣҪ
ԶοҲǣοҲǡ
ֻĬĬ˳ȥйȥ̽ϢֻϣϢǺõģȻ֪ٶҲ޲
ɰɡ
˵Ҫһӣ˵ζߵģôʳأ
㸸ĸǰ˵Ӵ޵ġ
գһûüӦ㡣
ɣҴӦһòã
ѵһʱˣƫԺЩ֪붫ѾͷֿʼС۶ɵ£˵˼֮˵й׼¡һ仰˵ͷĿѣҶۼֿ콫ס
С㣡߼Ҳۣǧѽ
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ôһʣɰ߸ˡ
һش
ɵҲ˵ǿǹҽ޲ߵļѽһ˵иһĵ˵õģһ񲻸ѹ
һشûлش
ֻǽ
ߵ֣һۣᡣ
С㡭
߼Щġ
Լðοġ
ע粻һ٣ôϣҿԼһ桭
С㣡˵
ɡֻ뿴һɡ
ƽռС㣬⼸䡣ҫˣôԶϢľֻ֧ߡǽһλجġ
ֹգɲأҽ̹ԣ֮ʡ
ӡӡ
ɵļĸڵţ޵ۣһӱһͷ˿˶ѹϻqûиΪСճǶһЩһ˼١ڣ¶ɲصѾ㰲ǣ֪Ƕ˻Ǻε飡
¹Ƚŵ˲ϻqʱ䳤޳ǡ
ӡӣѹӡҪع㰲˵뿴һ¹㰲ѩ
ڵ޳һƬ
жڵͷĿͬʹ֡ŴϱոĥòεĶɣںӡţͷĶһ㼱ڳ˶æ
ҽΪжΪת˭֪һӣҽɵźã˷Ըȥϣǰҹˡ
һ仰ͬȵըйԷϿա


96 ƽ
ƻʱ, ʵ۶Ż󵱼ڼйԷ
˻ʵԼλӣиسҲй֮СϾ޽չأҪһͬǰɵμѾ˽ʮ죬ҽֳ̾, ﶼѾף˵ǵȺ, ʵڽ֮ǰ, г˽±Ʒۡ
˰ɡ
й, ޵֮ǿ, Ǳƶ˼֡
ɶʲˣɶ
ʮĻʵɫ, ڶɴ齱ϣ̫֡Լ̩ͬһѹңڶ೼վ˿͵͵Ĩᡣ

ˣһ̾
СôõһôͻȻȾءĪ˶ԶҰ¶, Դ岻˳Ȱʵ۱壬ãʵۻĵý, һֱŶɵС߶߶, Ȱο
ʱͻȻˡ
ϣʦˡ
ɡ
ͨһʮͷ߽ǴĹʦ, Ԫʼֻ̡һͨʿ, Ϊŵ˹ʦ, żһЩռԵ顣ڴϣʦֻһС٣ûʵʹΣ߳ŵĻʦȨһȲϡ
ԣû˶Թʦӹ
Ԫ˽һߵĴ󳼷׷׸λ
΢ʼ̣μϣ
ʦԪı΢Щϲɫ˶֪֮ǰʵùʦ֢ͻȻĪҵ˽İ취Ҳ˵֪Ƕɵͷ
šʵͷҲûأһֻڶɵϡ
ϡԪֺһ
£
ʱʵ۲ŻعʦЦ⣬ͷɻǾ棬ʵĪǹʦɶİ취
ԣ
Ԫһ϶
һ
ԪԼһԲʼŪҲ֪õʲôֽպʲôīˮֽɷдһЩ֣Ȼֽΰáֽͨ죬ͷī֭͸ԶԶƽҶڴţɵļĸͬһãȻ
ʱȣ΢뵽ǰԷ㵻棡
ʵ۳һ˲䣬˹
µ񣬼ȻѾҩʯ飬ֻһԪĻܲܽɴӹŹҪΣڻʵѯʵϸڵʱԪѾ¯Ʒ˵һϣԪŰõġƽٲȻ֮ơ
˽
ƹʦƣĪΪа
ҿҲܡ밡һ򽡽ģⲡôͻȻǱ¶¾аɣ
Ҳ֪ʦܸܲ㶨¡
ʧܣʦ
ǻӣٰѻ˵ȥ
ڰǰ㣬֮󣬱㽫˷СԪ͸¶ֿ϶ʱָϢʱҽ΢ͷضû֮ǣ
ʵ⻰һ˲񡣵²ٵڰǰĬ
ô
ҽԼǶȫעؿţŻʵڰǰϷ㵻棬ҲŻʵ۽ССŽɵﺬšжȺ󣬽һĻĻоѾɤۡ
ɶǧǧҪѹ̩һɳ֮ɫԼܿĲ԰Соʹ
ʱһֱڴϻԲѵĶͻȻ͵һѪȻصشϡ
ɶ
ӣ
ж봲齸ǰ˼ͬʱ

ϣòײŸɶѾͷռʱԶصϸ˻һҲ֪ôƵСԺǰģã³һ䣺ɡҩʯ顭ҹ¾Ҫȥˡ
ϲɫԶ֮󣬲ŰʹǼԼˣҹɫʣ븮
Ҫסڼ֮ǰ¡
ǿԼҪȥЩ˺µϢֻһ׼йķ򣬴߸Ϲȥ
Ҳǰ˸ŵùСǰйţؽż͵жǲ⣬ʱйӦǿţж˵ŽӦȻǽȥйƼйǰĺüӿʼȥˣ⵱У˻ʵ۵ĳɡֻĪǰѾһæӿ˽²Ҵææسȥ
չ
¹õϢصšˣæһ
ȥ
ʲôҲʣʲôҶ˵ԼѾʲôĻԼһӡ¹ϵıɵģȻ۾ͨ죬п޹ļһߴ·һ߻ͷЦˣ˵չģһյʱǰѾΣգҽϣѾתϺ͸λҲԻȥˣҽжȥƫϢûˣҲġ
֪ΪʲôͻȻתΣΪ¹ô˵ȷİ١
ãǾͺá
Ӧš
ʱѯʶɵĲϸڡ
ڣֻǸˡ
йԷ޵ƹǼͤɽжĴŶ롣ӳģɫ⣬ڣǳ˼ĺˡڴϱĿ˯ţѾ˯˰ɣǿʱȴԼ롿ǱʹĥǿüͷһµˣѾʹ
Ҳء
ŹתһȦˡ
С㣬ҸжȥˣµĻǡ
š
Ź߽֮ɴǰ
ǸԼ߻ЦͯûֲͬˣһϢɡ۽һƳ㿴ϵһöССһѾʧ˲ɫǱˮսЩסôͻȻˣЩˣҶЩûмˡɣͲһô
߽
ȡ
ɡ
㲵ɫҪۻˣ޲ýɽرڻúõظľٶöܣϾ
˺ɵ֣顣
ɣɡ
ӦһûüӦ飬ûü˵õҪô鶼ûһһʵ֣ô·ϵ£ʣԼһˣ
ȻᣬŶɵ֣
ᡭҿ޶ˡÿ
䣬ƺ˵
æ̧ȥϸϸȥŷֶѾշתģֻԳһЦ˵㿴ҺأҸǰʲô
֪֪жൣ㣿Щί
֪Ҿ֪һüһֻԼ䣬ǵƽֿϿǡǹƽģҲµġ


97 Ʋ߳
ɵļ, ͻȻȥҲͻȻ
ʦԪƾһöСС佫ɴӹŹ󣬻ʵ۱㽫ǽˣʢ˻عҽ, ļѾת, ⼸ֻҪú÷ҩ, ͻȫָЩ, ʵŷ, ųϵĽԼǵϾ֮ƣһȥˡ
ϳ, ʵص˹ʦԪϵһ˳Եɡ
ԪŹǰʵһݡ
ɶһܻΪģȫʦֻǲ֪ʦǴʲôطҩ̫ҽԺҽ˵ϰ, Դ֢޲߰ʵз۾֮ƺ˵ҽʧְǻؼ
, ʵҽǶѾ, ǵķûҲû⡣ԪЦЦʹ۾֮ûκĲֻΪĲҩʯ޹, ΢Ҳûжҩ
ร
ڳһ¡
΢, ͨռԵ֪ΪͻȻȾ
ƽգڹʦ˵Щ, ûмŵġ
ħаһţʶռʦڴûʲô֮أУҲֻʦԪ볯ΪҲкЩˣЩһֱʵ׼裬żԣʧȥ˱ãһΣԪȻƾһöȻͶ˵ĻŲɡ
˵ɱǺױ֮ʵкüνһһ⡣ЩǷɵġӡͷΡ
ӱǻ϶ǰӾλʹԸı䣬֮ԭĽƽ
ٵϮλ֮ӻγ˹̶עҪԺױнͻֻأһμͻȻв
ʵˣá
ٹٸһһ㶵ģǶˣû
һεĲ
ʢ󣬴񡣡
˶Դ۷׷ס
ʦ˵ĻƺǰãʢǴôֻǴʲô˼Ҫһƽָô˵ǣʵҲдɻԪǿ˵ϵķԥƬ̣
Ҫһƽ΢һ
˵
ޣҲӽףΨڽŮΪһԽ⡣
ȺȻ
˸ʱ򿴻ʵ۵ķӦܷ֣ʵʦĻû̫ľ֮ɫǽϵ˶һ飬ȷǵ̬ȡ
һ죬ǵ²ʮ¡
̩вһʱ䡣
ʵۻ˺þòͬ˹ʦļƲߣȺʾ޵ĻֶŮĸ˫ʧȷ̫ѣŮȢܻѣ޻Ҳûа취
ٹٷضݣʾΪȷȫûд
̫Ӷ˳̩ͬȺиŹݣǷһʯһ
һڳϸı䶫һľʱ˿̣벻֪Ͼڻڿ֮Уöˣ΢һЩҲ˲١߼ĸϲصģ侲ɷѯʼϸڡ
˵ɡЩҲͿˣǵ
ɲУúú롣ȻһǹʦκҲų˶֡

룡
ΣֻϸϸԼǰ顣֮ǰʲôţƺ׼װȻתת㶫ԡüͷһ壬ͻȻԼ֮ǰһ¡в֪ʲôͻȻȥ˼㣬ڲ衭ɾڻ޵·ϻȥˡ
ΪҲ˸˲裬ûг£һֱûлⷽ⡣

ôԽԽﲻԾأ

ǳԼֵĶ¹شȺĸģԲ˵
ӣ
벻ٻɰ
Ц˼·ܹȥͷɻȴԽԽء
˵ͻȻȾǸйأǻΪҪأٵʦԵ޹κĲҩʯĲ֢ĵĬĬһСȦʦȦ˽ȥһֽʵ۶껮Ȧ
£Ԥıġ

˲֪ΪʲôҪѾȷ⡮ΪеȻ󣬹ʦ϶ǸһȻô˳Ĳκã󣬻Ȼһֱûб¶ʲôֻʦλֶ޻̸ϣҲǳУɣ
ͷõļˣȫȻ֪ԼѾСүˡ޶˵ҡͷ֪Ļǿ϶ܺԼô๦ⳡϷ
ûֻһϷ
ӴҵģʦĿڲżֱˣڵϿһһ㶵ģ֪ηӦ
鷿ʵңԼʦԪ
ԪЦЦ˵̩ﻰ΢ҲƤƭƭˣʵڲߣ̩̫ԼǰʵǵСŪˡ
ʼĪǫ飬һζ㡣
ʵ۹Ц
һȫ⼸һֲ߻
ı̩
ףϣ̫ӣʦ
ں̵ܶʱ뵽ôһƲߣ׼һ˲ڳĻ̵̻ЧȻٻٽ
ĿֻһöȢŮΪ޳ΪȻ£޶ųǵķ飡
ֻҪȺϳӲᷴԣô伴˴ԲѣҲΪ塪¶ȥˣɼȻܵΪʲôȢʱɢһЩƱǡ
һʼ뵽Ҫ⣬ͷ˺ܾá
ŮȢŮΪޣǴͷɻһ£ҪɽݲؽҪһӶزءҶλ̫ˣ׼ͻ
䱻˷ҧһڣ̹öȢޣ
ĵһҪϵȺϳӡ
Թʦеһ˵Ʒ˺ܶ˵ķ֮ʵɹĹؼɶȺӹƻҪһӡ̫Цҡҡͷ̾һʱǳ¡
öȾģһּ֮
˶ҩЧͣú󲻳һӱᷢô˶˻᳤ʱԲڴһϢͬ޽ͨϲԴֶĽҩβˡ
Ƕʱ֪ԼнҩܽⶫɵĶǿôģλֳԼʵۻǳһ亹ǰԹֶ£ҩ˴ĥ
ֻǲܴۣôջ
ȻۣҲ¶һԡ
ʼһΰ˴æޱضպϣܸް¡ʵ۵Ĺʦ˵©졣¿һ֮λӺıһʦ˵ȥмţοһֱڳͷʵǸǾ˵̬
˵˳ȥԼҲûкô
Ԫæ۹£ظʵۿһͷ
΢ʶ
̩Цˡ
ðãָ׼Ȣϱɡ
Ѿ̺·ˡ


98 ʰگ
Ϊ˾˹֮, գʵ۶ʥּҪΪѡɺܼ򵥣ǹʦϵ, ѵôӹŹת˻, Ϊ˱ס, ʵ۾Źʦ֮, ѡ
ʥּһ, ˾㾪
˾ÿЦһŮӣȢŮΪ, ʲôͬҲĶŮȴʵʵ޶ܽǼٻҲٻ󰡣֮ĳЩֱж, ˹òµĶɿɰǱȥ١
οʵ۶ضɣΪŮûжճƵ۵ķգѾ˼빬Ϊһ, ޸ŮүֻǲŮһ㡭
, үΪﶼȢˣŮ̻ӶúţźҲź, źŮ˲ҲͬԼޣ
ǰ֮, Ϊпϵһˡ
һʱ֮䣬ѡһԭֵ÷з, ¼ĵˣȴʥּ䲼֮󣬲֪
⧲һڲˮǺ˰졣
ӡ
ȿȿȿȿȿȡ
Ӵô
ȿȿȡ
жһıһߵȺĸһۡ˵ʲôѹͲ֪£ֺοȤ
ϵ֪ϢģԽʰЦñȶɻҪˡһȺүǶΧǻʰ۵üңһ˵ܱ˹ˣһ˵ӻ᲻ȢʮǻúԶǰﶫɫ
ɣɫʱ֪¡
ȿȿȡôô֪飿
ɻûι

һʲôѽ
϶ʥּˣʰ񹫸£Լơ
ɽӹʰԿ˼ۣһЩʦԣˡŮΪԱһʮ壬ƷϳˡţǰЩˣ䶫ɵǼզ£ôôס
Сүüͷš
ӦԼǰü⣬ٿŻʰһƺ˴𰸡รԭǹʹôһƣٳôֻǣʲȻҲУ˵ʲ֪飿
ɿĻʰ񣬳šŮѡ֮Ϊ仰˸
ι
Ϊʲô˵ѡһǶٸ
ΪŻʰ񣬾Сħ󷢡ϵĹӡѾСۡ޸Ҳʱ
ʦȻô󣿣ˣȫû뵽ϢʵԼǶôѾķɱ˫ֵۣĹﶼ۶ŮүڴɵĻһ޸ȥһҹ֮˺öְ̾
ۡ
仰̲סЦˣؼͦġ
Сﻰүȵأߵ޸үΪٻү飿Ц
ǰ룬ȵҪ˵͸Ǻá׼ȢŮˣȴʼ¡Ʋ쿴ߣЩˣѾͷһϸָ˱ùأҲ֪˵ңʱҲʸô죿
ƺпܹ
롣
⡪
ء
ôء߼׼֣æĿڣôү϶ѽҿţСÿʼ׼׼ˡ
׼ʲôջĨ֡
׼һεѽ
Цֻʱⲻһ졣Ѿͷ죬˵ҪˡϷţСȴͨͨûꡣ黹ûжȴĪػԼϼ޸ľͷӵģǳպǲҪ㰲סţɰ춼ҪɣϻܸЩʲôóԵģһȲ衭ѽѾͷں˵ʲô
Լʼ˼룬ȴѹжߵϡ
͵ЦȻˣЦ⣬ǽ
أ˵ǵһЩʲĸ㣬ص
СùúѾͷ˵ʲô˵ôˣһ˾ͣס졣Ц߽ԸѾ߰ѶǳĵģҸǶһȥ͵ϲϿڣ
ɩɩãȻһЦ
Լ޽ռңһֱͻݡʱдС񣬾ʱͷնʯ꣬ҲԼľͷԺͲԣ⹫ϣ磬ռ¶޲ڣ˵ԶȢ˸ӡֻؾδУ⵹һź顣
ؼˣҲϲߵѾ߻ڰæʰ裬鶼̲סڴ˼侩¡
£ȶߵҲֻжˡ
ү֮Ůȴû뵽ﾹ㶨˵֮ǰүͻǾ䣬ȷءҲѹֻϻΪ˱סôһʥּضʥּûģڶϰһǰһϢƭ˹ȥΪʵ۵пԭҲǸˣһãٿЩߡˣһۣζҲ֪յǺˣأ
һ㣬Ц˵֪
ĬĬվһ߲˵
̣⣬ǴҶ֪ءԱߵСѾ߲֪ǵϷˣǻүҲǸϼôѾͷҲҪ˵ү˰ʵǸСңһӢǻʼˣ̧ɣΪжҪŮҵĶ²ȥ
ݸصүΪŮҪȢŮΪޣΣ
˵ûȢģ·үϣֺܺСѾЩΣڻ䶫ɵӰһ˵˵»ģҲ˵¾ţ͹ôӣүڶ˸ðɣһ׮¾ܳΪ׹ݣ֪жأ
ڶ˸ã룬ŵͷɶŮû⣬ȷôһ¡أֻһԴ㲻ǽ飬޸ҪޣҲѴѹ̤ż֦ͷˡ
ض棬һͷһҡͷЩ⡣
ɩɩΪ»𣿡
ϾҲǾˣ붫ɱ¶⣬һϲŮӡ˵δһأһԼءںˣԼļˣǳɩǶõ֪ô£
ؿЦᡣ
үǸˣ黭Ǿͨʫʸ踳ֶм⡣ôѽбȨƣ˹һδһ¡


99 ѩ
Ѯ, ̩ӿʼжӣһճ̡
빬ʥʽʥּʥ, عڹ㰲Ԥ, ӭȢɻʵѡŮΪѳɶ, 鷿, ʵ۶ģе, 붫ɣ֮ǰԼȢ, ҪС£Ҫϰ꣬ԼһȺĸԼ¡
ɻ⡣
˵ʥּ£˰ﷴԣټϹ㰲ڻδƽС˽Ҵ, ˵粻»ʧġ
һ档
һ棬ѡ˭
, ռࡣ
ʵ̧ۿ, ۵׵˼Զ
һ漴һݡ
ߵлʶ
ع֮գƺʱΪ֡Ҳ֪ǲһӰ죬ͷСӿ˲ϰ̩ľ, ʮĴС, ĿȫϿȥ
̩ϣ˽ϵ, һڰƵɶҾعһѡ񡭡
ţɸշ˵Щɻ󣺡Ϊɶ
˵ȥûô䣬ܻһ
ΧָһȦʾһЩһǺЦĹǡƣԴӸּҪǾͺ޲ðץϸЩԱү񿴵Ůһ㣬ҪԼȫŮ޸㡭ͬүôôѵ̩Ȳһ
һۣû
˵
˽ı»ûƽأҿû
ҲҲաмæЦ֣ඣ㶨˾ͿЩˣȻöܻص
ǣ
Ӽϣɽӹ˵ޣһ
Χһͺ
δǣ붫жҪ̣ҲյȼƷ״үۼףò硣ɵķװж죬ںѥԲͬװӾͣȴһӢһۣ߰͵ѩ멣ںϣ̧棬һһЦǧ顣
һĻɰѲŮҵķȥ
үϲôһˣһҲ
˵ģϲһ
ôˣ㵹ǿΧЩӣĸȵүģϷţ˭˹ܵõȥ
ӴӴ㵱Լ
ǡ
ҿ̩үҲӢô̩үأ
㰡㣬ٳˣ
Ц̩үүĸӢǰĻʰ񣬰ϧүǸС˶񣬹һ򣬴ӴӶãǡǡʱУЩΪΪȢһ²ˣޡ
㣬ưίģȢԸˣ
ţʲôݣ

ҽüңֵľͷϼƵģûʵ۾ԤȵٽǿرԷ⡣һ·йԷƹٴϻųǣ;·ռฮϣ·ฮǰصһۡ
ฮǰһЩСſֻ֣һλݵˡͷޣΣĸָȴһȡ⾭꣬˫۾͸̫°ɡ
ɳ΢΢һЦ
ҲŶһҾ
Ӿ߹ฮǰѾһӺ顣նԶȥȴû˿öΣֻϻŷôһ仰
ѩ멣ԭϡ
ϻţӱӿٶȸվع·߶ʮ죬Լ߰գλүϵ£֮ڵִ㰲ǣΪ˱֤ٶȣȻҪ任һͼȻֻ¡
ǸվѾǰ׼һЩװףʱϾߣүһ·վһ·ȥӦܵ
һʣװмˣ
Ķҡ
Ķ˸Ȼ޷Żϴ͵Ʒȥһ·Сģɱ˽˶
үġ
񽻴ϣӱȥˣһ·һ·ȥСˡǰͷһ·Įƺ뿪ĳˣͻһߣ֪ΪǾҪվʱ򣬶ɴԶ鵽վǰվŵӰװӣһƱ㿴ǶǸŮġ
ңһ˻
Ȼعȥ·һбԸ·Сֻһ䡮վţȥ˵԰գö˱վ硣

Щ
ôһ۾ͱˡ
վ䶡׼ů¯λүĸԼſСæֵ׼ˮСԡɼˣһ䶡˰֣˵ȥɣ
ǡ
һأֻʣ²յ֨֨
˴멣ɻصѥӱһɣ˿лЩнˣЦˣԼˡչɱ֣Щһˣϰϰߡ
ģжĿģʶϣֻʣ¶
ҵŮǻ֪

ЩߣЦӯӯԼ֪ÿźáʱͦˣ߶ֺôǸүעһݣЦ
ʲôϱˡ
֣
ϱ̫ܵҸ㣬ҲǸүأҪǱ֪㱻ϱԵģ϶˵㡭
üͷһ壬ֱһ
ãɱһͦһ̱ܵǼ󡣡ţã嶯һЩҪ죬ȳȥˡ¹Ƚţߡ˶ˣλһȥ
ָָԼ𣿡
ѵ

ߡ
һ˳µرˣٹŵʱ򣬶ǲĻַҪٷԸһ䣺СүɵúúȻǿҪЦඣ
ž
ŹصüʱȻͱ豭Դ

СүûſڷСƢȭͷս
վ󣬼ɰ
үôԼֳƢҪɼҵˣͲЦ㣿
ԣ
ǸüĿС
ҾһƢүôҪЦңɵĻһ˫أһ˲˼һЦ
Ҳ㡣
˭
޸
ȥף
Сүһǿ֮໹ֺЦãģ赽ˣǰһЦƻ󣺡үͲ±˵Ե
ֻҪߣųҲˡ
ᡣ


100 ճ
ƺΪվһ, վ̺󣬶ɵöˣһ·Ц棬һ仨̵ЦһԴ, һֱڸɵļĸ, һ仰û˵, Ѿ˼Ρˡ
ȥ, Ȣ˻ˣ
¶ô, ү
һߣջصฮ, С˹˵үҪ
ţ
ֱӹȥҵҿѣżǵԼϴװǲˣһүүģ϶Ҫ˵ҳ쵽ϺתơֵЦЦһ·ϸߴŹȥҵһ, ձסˣҲæסЦΪ˳ȥ
, үҵ, λүնԼүԶһֳ棬ǴүҪ£ǱҪ, ǲŮġ̤һµ, ּԶԼɫ˲
ˡ
Ƿʲô¡
ԼС, ¡
Զ˽¸˸ơ
Ϊö˴СֵǳĻҲһģΪȷԳʱԻ֪ԷһضơŵļƾǡСĵ㡯Ҫܡᱻ⼸ȻˣԶõġ
ʶ˶֮öҲ˸ƶ벻ó
С߽һ֪ģүүҵʵүүô
ϸƽʱֱˡ
ټǳ̬
찡
ԶƲͷȥٿǣ飬СǿһиԼȡͬ飬ҪүүеŲÿζԶһΣԶǺܴλ˼ҡ
ҵһǺģ
үү
үү죬һҪ㡣
ʲôѽ
һηƣҵֻƳһۣ̲סŶүүһοǺظ˵飬֪үүŮ
ιιιԶֱһҵˡιղҲ֪˭˵Ҫúһɫģô仰û˵꣬Ӿȫжòƽ
үү˵ɣ
ЦЦ
նƼԼϵȫŮģҲеȥˣΪȷܶ˵Ļģæڲɤӣ˵û˵ү飿
˿ͷ϶ˣѾͷСӶڽ£ô᲻֪ô
ɴ󿩡ջϼүү޸
һ
ǽŵò֪˵ʲôİλ˼ȴһָоҵŮ¿ͨ͸񷱶࣬Ҳ벻һջʵ˵Ҫ޸ɣ˼һ˺ܾã֧֧죬˵ʹŮ˼
ʵͬˡϾʵ۾ãǲܾġ
նҲҵһ뷨ͬ⣬ҲܽռҼϳȥ˻ʵ۵ĺ⡣հɣնֵֹܾģֱۿŶ뿪ۿŵѩ멣˺ܶ¡
ȥ궬ǳȡůѾͷͻȻµظȥƤݣرģնѾЩɡǼѩƤëնֵģϳˣ⾩жټ֪ġ
ϵһһš
Դˣնжҡ
ʵߵүүϲϼޣնЩԥ˵ǲ룬Ǽһʵ飬ϣջسʥּδ£Ҫı»лᡣ
ҵҲ˵
үү㣬ⱲӼõӡȻƷмãվǸŮҡ
үүԸ
˵ʲô
ҵһ
Ҫò
ҪŮҲòŮ
ҵĵĳӣʮһֱЧԻʵ۶ԳöֻҪʵǶԵģͻֵ֧סһΣʵۻôһԧףｲһԸ⡣
аҪŮ޹ô񻰣
Ȼжܶ࣬ԼҲ֪Ϊˣһ뵽ԼıŮҪܾﲻ̫ԡеŮҲ̫ԶˣѵӦ湫ӣ
ΪѾͷᷴԵġ
ҵĵ̾һ
үүҪŮӣʵۼȻ˵£ҲעʵǸΡòǾǰ˿ģһӵ£պɲļ˰
˱ˣ߻ܹļޣҸ˼ҡֻǶǻʼˣһ˶ҵϱⱲӶȥӡҲܻ
ŮҲ֪ǳʲôıӵҵô˵ȫûбŵģ
үүͷİɣʲôˣǼ޽ҿ϶ᱻ۸úúõġټϣүү⾩УȢҵм
һ̧ҵүүϲɣǽϲŮϲɶҼܺһӣҷǳԸ⡣
ˣҵŷӦһϵнչǻΪýİϷ
Ůӵϲ
ҵһ˲ưˣԼŮһģͻȻ˵һ䷴Ļ㡭
үӺˣֺܴ죬ɫൽתף˰춼û˵ն㣬æȰȹԼӣĪΪ¶
үү
ƼԶԼƣæܵǰ£һ˲ᣬͰ͵Դүүϲ£ֻϲһˣʹӦɡ
ҵҲǳŮԼ֪ô졣
ǡ
ҵڿˡԶæ
㵽۸ү


101 
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붫лصʱ򣬰Ѿ֪¡һ·ÿﶼ£ʲô, ĲĶһᡣûй, ŵһ·װ, Ԥ֮ڵִ˹㰲, ص
δ, ˾յϢӭӣΪıϻqԼϹܼ۲
Сӣ˵һ, ôˣ
ǲãǾ͸øȥġ
ӵϢǵ¾Ҫˣ˭֪żڵģҪߵʱһˣ˵Ѿû¡Ӵǵ, ˾һ㡣
󲡹Ķɣϱ֮ǰ˼ֲɣС֪ǲǼδЩݣǹڷ, ĸǳźۡС, ȥ˾һµʱ䣬ƣⶼݳʲôģˣ۲ʹݣ̾Ҳ֪ǹʦϵǲôһ£֮ϲ, ת, ּ⣬ô񻰡
, 治ɫֻһ۲µʥּ֪ʲôӦ
ϾԶ뾩նɲ龰ֻоǰиܵδᡣǱǿڶɵȷ첡ȥ˲Ŷʥּ⣬߻ô˳𣿹Ȼ۲Ļһֹģ˵ԶЩĲ֪㰲а˶ʥּһΪá
ìͷûָ򶫷ɻʥּĻʵָۣʦ
ʱӲǹʦҳⷨӣǻزˡӣô˵˼ҹʦԣ
Ƚŷ޷޲ƽسǻ
֪£ģСӲĸݣôģ۲˵ʥּѾˣԹ鷴ԣСӻҪȢġ
ЦЦûб̬
˾Ҳʮͬ˾٣Ҳõڻ
ȴ֪Ⱥʲô̬ȣ
ĵһ²ǴҲǴֵ⣬ͷһ뷨ȥ̽еСһ
ΪСûмбԼСˣΪӽɫ˳簮гºԺҲǱȶɴһꡣһߵ绹¶֪峺Ҳܴ⡣
Ѿøˡ
뿪㰲ǵʱֳЩˣɽСڻСһЦˣҲ̲סЦ
ϻq˸ߣϱҸ
Ӷôã϶ԹԵؿ߳󣡡ϻرˣһŮüЦģɱǾûⱲӣֻҪŮͶɽĿ֣ûʲôźˡ
ϲҶءЦţһСա
qСԴ
ӣھ¡ЩͻȻ
һ˲ϱûκα仯ЦЦ˵ǰ
һʱ䣬ɵŹɢ˸ܵŴ˻ʵʹͣһʥּ鴫㰲ǣصľǱɲ̲ķ̸Ҹ̸ŮүȢļҵĹﵱϱһ׵ģҲк˵˵ԴǴֱɵġ
ϻq轫Щһһ򶫷ɻرΪ֪Ů£ȻͱȲ֪˸йע
ε£Ҳ֪飬ȷǱš
ĸǰ̻¶Լ֪飬¹ȽŵûеһĻ
ĸ֮ڶĵλ࣬ڴ˱֡
ϻqºȫסϻ첻˵qûгšһ˵͸˻ΪСҸСôðյľٶɡΪʵۺ̫үø΢
qȷӦһ仰ı
ҩһˣΣգô
ˣԡ
ӣ
û
ĸɱκ¶ҪҪ˵ɴ췴ʵۣȲ˵Σض
ǴִЧҡ
ʵж
Ҳûë¾͸ڶɿһǣƵҾͿҪˣϣܵһҲԸȢͷֻˣ²ܸѹ
qͷϻͺܰԵ˭

Сү˲Ǻһ룬Ҳ̣ͬš
Ŷϻû껰ͳŶ˸Ҿ˵ӣҲ̫ԸˣҪôܸ˵ȢвУѶ̫ˣǻǸЩϲֱðɡ

ɵĻ£¡ڻһµʱ䣬׼ƷԼӭ׳ڱ㰲ʱĵ·̡
ʢȥ꣬ն˥ɥТڣ֮ײ˴졣棬ʵ۶һڣ䣬Ҫܹ¡أ͵£Таš
Ƕɻعĵһ糯ӵĸɡ
ףүϲүԹе¸ТΪȡүּŮΪТڴ飬ʵڲס
վһԵģΪ
ϳҳϣȴظһԾͲʹëвԾϲվۣǵ˵ķڷŻ
λүͷûзೣζĵ˳˵
Բӡ
Լã
ʥּΪӣԵءʥϲҲ˵үھʱЩΪүµּŮΪүТڴү󣿶Ϊүˡζ̩ˣڹϣȻλү˵һῴͷ˶ף¸ûлתأҲǰ׷Ѵ࣬ϲ졣
̩аһЦû˵
⡭
ΪԱζһһʥҭס˻һʱ֪÷ʲôá˵˰벽üͷ壺үʥ飬޿κΰ
ˡ̩Ƴһۡ
ھʱزԼʱ䣬иִ򡢻ʹҽ޲ߣҩʯ顣ǿ֪ʱжôգ̩վֱӿǸһ֪ҲδǰȫǾԽԽأѿʼ׼ˡ
ǿеܹʦΪղܻ޲ʹŮΪôˣû¸ɣĺ𣿶ߺָ㶨ˣûˣ񶼲ùˣ
ТڡʢΪλЧ֪Ƣԣ֪ΪνضվǲַӦ

̩ⷬõ˶񣬸ˣ޷һʼվɵΪǰૣֻܷضݡ
á
һѳɶ֣˵ٶҲá
Դмؿ򶫷Уĵһů


102 
Щϼһ, 㲻Ҫϡ
糯֮󣬶붫鷿ۣ뵽ϵ¶ɽ⣬ʶаο˼䡣
οֻһЦ֮, û뿪е౾, ǺմɰϸϸģԼ, 䱾²ܹõ˵ͬ, Ҳǹ¾ս, ҲҡǱȻ£׼
šеͷ, ԡ
λү뿪һ֮ãȥĽ񣬻鹫Ļкܶ࣬ѳСɽҺλة඼ǳصģүʱĽҶദ, ҲòûʲôëɴԵؿ˼Ĺ౾, ҲͰһߡ
ĶѳɵСɽԱ, ŵүĵ౾
жһЩشľԼļ֮⣬λүڹǽıӡ
ȥ֮ǰ˴Լʮڹ㰲, ϻԼq졣һ, һ¹㰲ǵĶҲǶ, µĸɿ˶һۣץֱߵıӡ
ʼʲݣ֪ĸһдģʮ䵹а˾俴

Сүüͷ
еĸҲҵһױ¡жһյڣȴûȣЦ²һ˳Ů˾ͲͬҴھʱѵһȺ輧˵ճȺὣɱˣȹԵһƬˡ±ɱܵķࡣ
޳ܡ

㾡źŮҰɣģ
ֺγǺвΪȻŮλ͵¡Ҫƽʱٲܿ࣬һܾίȺˣһǮѧգǺóԺúȺסͷ±壬ˣһдϺõҩ㵹ǽʩĶ㱨𣿡
ȷ˵ʲô
ԱڱԴ˵ֶΣеȷ᲻١
ҡҡͷ÷
ǱߣƺٰɶӿһҳֽţϸãһǶҳˣ·мֻ֮ͣȱǣôûԼһһʱᱩ¶ǰƻȫ֪ءѸٵģһʱ䣬Ҿ˼󳼣Ʒ׻͡
·ʽŽĳȫչ£պԼʲô¶Ӧһ졭̾ӡıֵģֻҰĲҰٷ˳͢ԼʵۣıԵӢΰ١ֻֽΪһʱٻô̫Сˡ
̾һΪ֮г棬Ϊ˵ҰĲ
һۣΪԽĸıꡣģɶڲмǮץס˱˵İѱЩ¶˵Ⱦļ򵥶ˡȰ˼䣬Լ벻֪ʵ»ᱻ
˼Ҷɣɴû¹ʲô¡
֪뷨ðʵۣɵֱ˵ö˺־ŷҵһۿҪӽʱˣһС鷿֮ţҪ
ͷƫɣ֮󻹵ûۡ
ǡ
ûзԣֻǱ鿴Ųġ
ˣЦһԴһЩطҪ
ʱ㲻ϲ뷱ᣬүĽʽйء
ʱүõ̫أһӦϸȫȥ˵£Էʱ
˼ҳԷи̣˵ʼҡ
ƽʱʹﴫһηǾǴûͣǻʮ²Ȱ棬ϸʽ;ߡˮȣתƵĹæԷңֻǼĻ
үһɼ븸ĸױͬѰ˼ǰǰţżˣûôʽΪܰҲ
үƽʱԷȥźżˣĸһԡ˵㡣
ֻ빬١
ƽǣûûģ˹ءҲѵüذ·ߣˡȥƫ·ϣֿʼ߶˶٣ϰˣʽٷҲԵ㣬ܲˡ
Сҽúܣ롣
ȺƤӣ롣
ļˣ˵¶λүԶθڲӦʱȽ嵭һڱϣü۵ʹһѡһ
˳Էȴǰ˲¶ʮˣȫʢСԹϹװΣСɶɫʡѺͽм䣬ǰմ۵Ƶˬź⣬СŸճ֭İ⣬棬Ҳ
θСôˣȻüꤡ
ȥɣ顣⣬СװЩ
ǡ
ֳʼЩ
òһþƣһ˵ﻰ֪ˡžƱǳ˼ҾƣƸüͷס죬ź⡣
Ҫ
һ߳һС顣
Ҿ˵㻹ǸСѾͷܺľƣнһ⣬Լľһ˵ʹСɺЧ£̫ǺˣղǿھƵζ̵ɢζ
ܺȾƾСѾͷֻǺȲ
ƽҲûܺȣ죿ľƱӣϷʵɵϰһºȾˣЩӾǴ飬ȾӲѡ㲻ǺȣȻ˻鷿ҲøȽƲǣʱź⡭
ιιιߵֱڷڷûǸʱأ˵ʲôư
һգ۾ˣֲҪһ꣡ɶ㳤ˣ֮ǰֲǸ㿴һЩ顪
ۣ
ɵ׷Ǻ
Щ飡
ɵյøˣƫԼǸĿˣһѣǰ໭ʱǰһһƮ˳ȷû©κһϸڡ

ںһλȹĶҷҪǿĻ֣
ҶˣЩ飬Ÿʲô˿Ļ֪ôءؼһڲˡ
ˣд󾪣˲٣ǿֺþõذǧһģǹ±
±
龹Ȼʲô±

˵ģЩɻԻдһ޶ңӴӴҵĺðôô嶯
еӿǿˡ
ƽﶪ౾ʱôôżǻ˵ʲôдǿУܵȡޣȫ¶˰ɣžƤҵĴǣ۾
ĹŶΪүҪˣһţţүк£
û£ˣһЩ
ǣ
С鲽߽ǳ΢΢ùϵĿվƺ˳ȥ


103 ȭ
²ʮ, ¡
ʱ֣ࡣѵýû꣬깫󣬶صżĸȥ, , ƹ㰲е֡qڸտ, ֻϻ¹˱װ, һǰһС
ɽմһȹ, ³ȣѡ͸ģװβ, Ϊƾ֤壬һСһ·Ųӯ޾̬Ѱ˼ҵС޶
¹Сӿϣ𵽴ҿˡ
㿴ЩС, Ȥ
ӾԶˣҿô٣˹ĺ񲻴һô
ǡýϼ, һֵĹ㰲Ǹ˼ֳ, ̶Сɫ֮ʹĿϾ, ɼǶС, Ѳˣּǳٳδܸ, 㳯˹ȥ
ʲôӡ
Цš
ι
ԤϲͻȻ˺һһ¶ɵļ硣ɺǾ˰λŤһˣδо֮ɫร㣿
ǸԳƽСȻڹ㰲ǣ
ǽͻȻɶҪˡ
ϻ¹ܿ⵽߶ˣһʱҲ˲ѡ飬Ҵҵظ˹һһڶߣŸǰļˡϵãվмСﲻ֮ǰǰ֡ҲϲߵСôǻ̩ү٩ǲҪĪд⣿
벻㰲ôҲ㣡ЦؿŶɣϲϴȥ㣬ȴôҲ
㰲Сˣ󡣡ЦӦȴɽ¶ȿʼɢСۣ㿪ڸǣˣȡ
ֹסĻ˵ƼˮˮƣѾǵڶμ棬һԶٷô
ϻ¹üӾܾⷬ⡣
ɵУһ£ͷͬˡ
֮ǰȽȥˡ
û鱨ֻ֪࣬Сﲻǹ㰲ǱˣǹɽˮݣƽŮӾͿ϶ˣΪܻżӣǼƣӦǻ֮ǰ֣пǴĿĽӽɣֻһлδȷ֪Ҫʲô
¹˽ϻСģ˷彣һ·Ŷȥ˷ݣ˿и

Ҳ£ʵʥּةҵĵŮָɣΪ㰲ɴ飻ռͰǧƽǧԷɽׯһӷҵһȹϮλӷԶΪӾ⣬ʵر׼ռҵ׾Я빬Ȩ
ŴʹռҸŶǶһ⡣
ٹּ֪үҪŮ˶ϧֻȨˣ޸ŮŮүȻΣǰѹͬʧˣɴĽ
û˵ʥּˣ޸үةŮǾڻСħģ
ӴСħ޸СүԺǼȮ
ҿˡСħɲǺǵүһңָᱻ۸ôͰ˹ȥ
ѽ˵ǻռأүôΪ˶°˼䣬óôءСħ˵үͷѹһ
ʥּһ£ֳˡ
Լġ̡ǡ
ոŮүһ۲һ˵ļǵɫö죬ֻĬĬʰԼԶЩڸתƣһ˵ľྯ棬֮Ա
õˣԶڼʱر˼仰˵ʱȥɲЩԺһˣүǵҵģίСħЦ˵ֺαصң˭Ҹ۰

Ҳǡ
գԶܻᱻһСȺ˴ӵһȺˣԶӾռܵŴһٷƵľʹԶ֣ķУ˵ûԶܲһףÿضЩͷۣЩ˾·ߡ
մ˴˺ǻ׹ˣϺ̫үүմ˽ܺүһ÷պٲ˼ӹٽ;һƬš
ԶƨΧѲֻһζЦ˵Լᣬûô¡Լһյʱ䣬ˣ˼ԶǳΪԶ
Զ
־֡
ʢ
־α㡭
ҲǵжûˣҶϽֱ˼˵ûǲ²ŵģǰ˭֪һԾΪʢ޸أ
ڣòûܵκί
Ҳû˵ʢĻھڽ£֮ʵþˡԶЦЩΣһľѳ첻٣ΪĹٹ̣ѡ£ڡ
£ҲȷԶļ䡣
һ£ʢûзԸҾȸˡ
־
Զվס˽ţֱ˵
ֳһ£޸ү£ô
Զüһֲ⣺ǵһǻײԴʥּˣǲģڶЦءոǺе㻬ôģһŮӸŮӳЦЦһ˵ʢ˸һȣޣ
ү÷ҵ˵
ǳŶ
ּ㱩һʱ⣬ΪǶԴͻһ²Щܾҡ˵Ҳ֪ʥּǣһ䡭־֣Ҳ̫黳˵үǸһƷȻŮûҸ˺үɽδһ¡
ţ
Զһѻ󣬵һӦǻȭͷ˹ȥΪûзֱӱڵء־֣һ±ƵصڵϣǼһһѪ
㣡
Զָǻŭ
˵ͶãǵĻõǸߣֻֻô˵ڣ¹ش˵һ仰۵ں˵ġָãһǻգһ䣺㷽гӣҴˣ
ǡ𡭡
Զվֹ˹ģҲҴˡгӣƺЩǣǿҲûġǣл־ˡ
ÿԶɿһЩڵسһԼ䣬֮æһȸˡ


104 
㰲һƹ, 𱬡ãǸϼգ㰲İնŴ֣Щ, ƹݳԷԾơһƹʱʣһſ, Щ, Сﱾ뻨ǮԱȥ, ֻǱˡ
Ҳ, ҳԷҺ, Σ
ɴǲ£ƽʱҲûƽƽĵȻû⡣ôأװƵĴ۽һƳСߵļ˳ӵˣ䶯֮, ѵء
ţеλ
а롣
Ӧòǹ㰲˰ɣ֪˴㰲, ɽˮ߷ݣѵ˵һ, ֻǱɵĮЦЦ
һۣӣġ, ˵, ʵʥּ㲻ǹô, ȢŮΪǻ׳
ȫȻĺ仰ĳϸںܸȤһǰұڹ㰲Ǽ㣬£桭˺óһʱգ˲ô
ƲƲ죬شԼĻҲûӦ𶫷ɡ
˵ĸоһƤǧСӼ˳ȻˣλǧС㡮ܡŵʱ򻹼ǵôԼѰζһ㡣һҪֺ˹
ĵ߹ʱֹٽߵʱ΢΢Ȼŷʣôˣ
Ȼװú˴֮λֻ࣬ϰ߶̫ڸˡɻԼ빬ŵʱ򣬹˽Ҳ˵Ķࡣ
Ǹͣ뵽Ĵ𰸲ࡣ
Ⱦơ
⡭ȾͣôС
ҲܣҾҪȡ
Ұöɻǰ뵽˴࿴һۣǡÿµͷһ㲻ȻԣǶ˻ǺܺõģҲ̫֣֮󻹻˽͵ʲôöĳү˵뵽뵽Լһ·ѵó޳̲סЦ⣬һһϲá
̵ģ
ӣӣ
ͻȻɵЦι
Ավŵϻ¹񿴲ȥˣæСָͷһ¶ɣעһԼ
Ұ
ղǸɶ˵ġ
ɺϻЦһ˵˼ĶһߵʸڷϣСرЦ
عƼôһĻЦģһ

²ʮѮ㰲ǹҺ졣
ɴڼѮʱ̩ȫأڴ⣻ڹ㰲²ᣳ̯ɹټҳǮȥ˶Ϊ»ߺһҲÿæµϺĹԱﲻˮ
ɳΪ°̩УæɵĴƷԼҪһ֣ȥ£ʱΪ°˶ͷס£˼Ƶģ
°ƺţǷ϶У
ǵڼסˣ㿩̩Ǳߵÿ춼ڴһˣÿ糯г֣ǶҪ㣡
һҹޣ˭֪Ƕ˹Ÿо˵Ҫսš¹ֲŶУһȥɱ㱻˴Ӵ˯塣

ָһöӿҪ˯ˡ
ʲôˣһǰλ֣ˣѣˡ
£аʲôأĺĥҰɺǷ죬ַһȴӳһƬʹƵĺһ
֣
иˣŶѰ˼֮ſ޽ģ
˶Ҫ˯ˣ嶫еĻֻһŶһӦţƤԽԽأ̡顢°ȵ˺¹ͬײÿξţҪ̧ȥ
ɶ
Ȼ°
ְ㵽Ҫﰡ컹Ҫϳ
һ򵭶ĶͷһرС
˲ɣ糯ȡˣҪڸԴԼȷβãϲŸ˵أգҸһͬƸ˾Ķεģѹءм˾񣬰һֵۣôҪҲҶء
ҺˣֻǷЩԺ
ͺȥɣҲҴ㡣ɶҪµʱɲϱֻһɱڴ鵱ҹܴ䣬
ޣ
öһ̵֣ӣֱֵ췽ɢˡԾ˯£Ǳĥȥ˯⣬ɻشѾˡ
СѾ߻ʰоġо֡ж֮ͷ䣬ڴϷȥΪجΡ
ӣ˲
ûУһû˯ءôҲû˯
жûؿ̩үڵһӣʰɾأ˯ȥ
Щ˼ЦЦ
ҲգһһӣǴڼǸͷжˣȤΪ£СӦǸ˵ģ˭֪ǡӡۣһˣЩüչ
жû񣬼˵²ӦˣҪȥ
϶ְס
ߣ㻹ǵò
ѾͷչѾôǵáô
֪˼ģͬʱҲ֪Ȼֻڸ޶³çһܸܵ˵ʱɿСģֻǼΪһˣ߿϶ܰһѴٳɺ£գ̧жĵЩȷ
ӣ
˵ѾͷʱģʱǶ˵úúദ¶̽ѾͷġһֱжķӦıﲶ׽ôһԡ
ֻǲûС
жֵÿ󷽣ش𶫷ɵĻҲǳȻͨΪرϲҲΪ߲رʧ䡣

ôá
Сүһʱû˰취ڴϲ˵
ѾͷõģãܸͶжЦ˵ҪǲҲҪһ֪ϲЩʲôĺˣԺ϶ܹϺӵġ
СүЦ룺˼ҿɲǰ㵱öԴͶģϲģҪԼŻỶϲأ
ӣѾͷϲʲôѽ
ϲɡӦһ
ţ
ûСҲ֪ѾͷϲɶѾͷ龫ֵģŻϲһЩرĶɡ

Цˣ˵뵽ԼҪʲôʱ򣬸˵һɡ㿴ʲʺϣѾͷϲ
õǺܺ
ʵְˡ


105 
²ʮ, 顣
Ӿǳӭ׳ڻǰձѵִ㰲⣬ԱͣϢ󣬴鵱죬, ӹ㰲Ŷ, һ·˻֡ٵ, ֱ빬
һ·, ν׳ۡ
δϲ, Ůүͷ㡣ɺҲһͱʼ, ʮܷӣ¾һֱ䣬߷ִءҲ㰲ջֻ߲֪ж֮˴Ϣ˵ھڻħǲһһܴ, һ첻µز£һ𣬲֪Ǹʲô棿
鵱˿, ĸʱפسӱؾ֮·, Ϊүӭ׶ӱݻ
ʮɵСǰУǰʿͷ޵ѾС˹ʮˣӵųмʮݻǰϲġѾԼǴ·ǴµģЦ沽һ, һֵϲ, һ߳빬ȥ
ϲ֮һ·ټϰǵĺк, ڹ㰲Ͽջصáôһ·ǹҺ죬ڴʱվڳ¥ңңһ׳ݻĳ
ϾʵҲҪ˵Ĵϲ¡
ӭס
빬ǰаС̫ڴغԶԶƼӽˣɤӸߺ빬ͷˣ빬ų빬֮ڣʯµĹ㳡վųгӣǰƷһһԶΡ
һǶɣ˿һɫĳɴͷ̽ڣϵɽ·һģ빬ǰȻվӭȢŵ
ŮӳûһǰӰð졣
վڵǰƽʵ
ɶҪ빬ˡ
Щˡ
ͬվڴǰģ̩СȻǣֻ붫뾩⣬縸ȻҪ֤˵ְĶɺþˣѾͷʵСָ࣬²ȥҲͽߵĶ鵽
㶣ڹ㳡ǰͣ£ȥӡʵϰչأСԵŮҽ˵ġֻǶһԵȥΪɵ빬ǰӭýܰٹٳݣһͬ

ЩŵСү˲ӣǳѾڹ㳡ǰͣףֻ˲١
С
ǺĴӣôܳ
ྯԼԼ䣬΢һĿǰ˳Űʯݶ¡
˽Թ
һ
ʯʨɽ³ǣҵһұΪҪ֮ˡһ꣬һʮ꣬뾩

ַΪһҹǼĵڶ档ɫãԶźֹˣһЦޡһ꣬һʮܾ꣬衣

Ԫڣվھй̻ͮ£ӹƣҽӵ뻳ͻȻ뻤һӡһ꣬һʮ꣬֡

ųȵĲγȥȻ¡ڵ·Ըףִȴֻһ
һ죬ûܵõġ
Ȼһˣþȥάܵ˺
үΡ
ǰϲѽŴ򿪣ҪԽݵǰȻ˸ִһͬ
ɻ⣬ڽǰ΢̽ͷڡ
ŷϼӣͷڵʵֻƳ¶ͷ߬üֻ֡΢΢һЦǼᵽһ㣬һѺطŵֱߣڣ
ǵĻħӽֻҶһ˵ħͷɡ
Цһ
С˹ˣ
˳ʱԭһĶֻĮģ϶Ϊ˻С⣬˸İ⡣ϲһ߻ῴɫɳҳ
ٹٻڹţһֱ򵽶߹Ⱥ˴ǲһͬվ𣬲ֳ鲽
ȶɴһ꣬ȴ΢߳ͷĳǶ̲סһԼү̧ȴϲ۾ӣԱߵźͷ붫ȫһ£˹ͬĬ
ǶΪŮӣȷԵӶˣҲ֪ǲոȾôһĻȻжݺᡣ
ء
վڴһͬתȥŵ񷹪һݡ
ݳס
̩д˿߹һ˿΢ЦǶ˳ԼһݡôôðĬĬ̾
԰ݡ
й󣻽Ӷٵ
ɡ
һɣϳӡٹԼͣڹ㳡ϲȫݣţԸү»ϲúϡ
פ빬һ£аƺҲһףƾĸĸ䣬ǶԼͬع빬ķֹһ䡮үϲ˹һӯ뵽ԼСڵȵõһ̣Ϊˡ
»ϲúϡ
ߵˣ뵽ԼǽýȢظУͺʹ졣
үϲڹ£ٹԼڷķǡĿ޷ǾǳһٴͿ裬˲ʽӷḻǰӾ⣬ʵһȱ˹ϯ̩ܳ˵ʵںȲþƣûгֳϣϣҼԺú㣬մһմϲ
ӺȶˣҪȥү·
ʲôӶʱˣ̩һ£ǰЩȾơʲôң˼ǹôЦ
˵ˣ·ء
̾һ˫Ŀſա
Ҳȥһ·Ҳ֪ɶûаЩ̵ݼסҹ֮󣬿ǧ𵱸үһ⣬üչ
õŶ
Сˣףү»ϲ
˸ͷ˷½ţ˺ơ̶ǰƽȢһԴһ䡮ӡû˵ڣ¶ȫˡǱ·ⳳֵģһ˽Цϻqһ˳ȥ
ɵ黳˵·Ϊ˺ͷһ޷
һȥСʱ·˲ȫ£¶
·ڣҡҷһ˰ֱڴ齱أþöû˵һ仰ͻȻתΪ˳ķޣϰߣСү̽ԵŤͷӣֻӳŵɷǺÿˣʹ۾Ҷżգգۣһ´
ɾôţҲ˵
Σ˵ĳĿ⣬պ졣Żһ䣺ʲôණɣοһֱҡ
ЦЦ˵
֮ҹҲָÿ˭


106 ҹ
ħһ, תͷȥû
Щ޹
Ҳ˵ˣһֵǧܲһֱⴲϴɣҪǡЪϢ
ƽ, һ˳֮ǰר˽˵֮, ڶഫһ, Լٷ޵忴, ϲȻ, ֻԵһ䡮ү˼ɡ
ʵϲԭ˼ǣүҪ㵱ÿ, Ǳϥ̸ү㲻мһˣǱԼʶȤ¡ϲ֪Լһ仰ΪĪİʾû뵽ðɣֽһ仰ܾϲڶԼҪѧḶС
Ȼ̰棬ⷽ桭
ȫû֪
ɡ
ţ
ΨһģǿڶɵĻ, ֻСèһϣ¶ȡ۵ĺ죬ٿǵһ类ϲϵһ, ǰһ, һУȫգ붫ɽΪޡ
һ£ΪڻжЩֱͷ, ױǰͬ, ɫޣ
Ҳ˵, ָֻĦŶɵ䡣
룬ͷ͵һ֪ǴĸĴߺˣһ졣
ӣҹɱ˷Ѱô𻹸ǶأٲϧǼɵ·
ǼûƤûļһʱʲôͲӵڶǵ
ӴжǺúϧҹڶǵ
˵˻أ

⣬ͻȻǺж
ӦöˣȻȺһҲҹЦ
Ⱥˡ
û취
ҹΪҹأ
аţ⡣ͷǻ˵ҪúϧΪʲôѲɽϽһΣԺҲûйĻ᣿԰ɣ޸ɵԺסô
Ӱӣ㲻ǿ˺öôοһݷˣҲ֪˭ȥģһҹ֮Ǻ֪˶ɵСܡվѵȺˣ˭֪˽½жôһһأǱߵȥ
ȻӦѸƫһλǰѶԷƵˡ


ǻ߹⣬ųصˣ֮ҹȴ˾ִ٣ͬδʶסˣôΣǱһǡ
ɡ
±ߵһɱһƬ硣
ڡ
ӴԺǲǾͿһֱһˣ
ԡ
һֱҵ𣿡
ᡣ
ڣӦЩʲô
̧һĨһˮ΢ܷܵү˵ĳ۾ľȻɾԼˣ۰ԼչԼļ⣬ͽӵڻأһ̲סһЦһ䣬Ǻ˿
Ҳ֪Ǿˡ
֪˹֪һһŶԷͷԼһǻ·ｫ£ãһһ¶켫СOO@@άԼһӣ֮Լ˼лһ˲תΪѹѾõ|

һ硣
»飬չأ֮ڳӡҹ̩ҲԸȥˣ˵Ӧþˣڶ糯ˣ¸˵ǶǳУɸѵõ˯˳ʱһƣ֮ɫ
ʼˣܻ꣬Щħ
жżµѾͷ·ʰ֪飬ǰһѡɴδ޹صĶɣֻǴߵ޲ֳķ꣬ټһĬı飬˴𰸡
ڴĽ˿ѩͱԼպˣһʲ㱻˿ϾĳЩ飬ԼغҴá
үѾˣǰ
š
һۣ˵һƺá
ϵ粻ϵɣɶһֱĳӱҸϵĺãֲҪ㸮ˣֻԼܹһٳԺ~һǣ°ɳڸǰڶԼ֮ǰ˾Ѿˣֱ۷⡣
ڶɵλֶйӴûбŵֻǳѧĲ࣬Ҳ֪·ûг롣ûж˵ֻ£ƽʱڸǰļźǰȥ֣Լߡ
Щʲô
УҲ
Сϸ˵
ԲĶҹصطԸپǷζĲ~жӸۣ̲סΪɶ˵ûֻЦ˵ԼôĲ˲ǲˣֲˮɵһ˵ɱС£һӲڣԼ۵ġ
һ˵Լ峬ãһ˵ҪСĲܺ֡
һһ䣬⡣
һһ
ҵšˡ̲סԹˣŸ룬ÿҪжῴ˵ҡôô֣ŵһ죬ܹܲ˼һҵĸܣɶҲ̫øѹ˰ɣƽʱԷʫ̸ʲôһ˵쳤ؾˡ
Ӧöһ˵ⶫЩҲá
ôԣȫҳԡ㣬лȥ
ҳԺܶû㳢

еԹȫӣƾôԩǶûᡣĺʹɶǰɲġɶ㿴һۻ֣ҲǸõĶίͰ͵Ŷɺǿı飬òǵСӡƳһۣ
֣㵹Ȣɩţɾ͵㿪֦ɢҶˡ
Ǻǹãڵãһ˵ֻ
ֲǲȢֻǻûʺϵ˰²ǿԲԣгǲע⣬Ͻһڲˣһڽֵ˵ˣ»һѷĵģ˵Ǳˣһ鷳£ôŵ£
ڳãͲ˵ЩˡЦŻӦҪ˵¡е˵ͷ˵ȥ
˵̩
֡æ
š˵Ҳһλ˵ģҶԷҲδޡּȻһϲΪβȢˣЦζ
ǸɿװԼʲô֪
ɰɣѾͷʱ̳Ŷ̲סһһȻӣʲôˣֻһ°ˡûеģûˡ
ԣݸһЦ
ԼĶŮ鳤Ӱ˼һɡ
֣ɵ


107 
ɳô, ûʲôµ顣
ǳǰﵹΪһ鵣ǡ
ǸĪڹ㰲ǻżġʲôĿģҲ֮ࡣֻǵķ, Լ߷βһšʱ򡭡ɵһβ˿־ĸо
˵, ү˭
붫ɳ׺ĵڶ, ϻػ, ˵ǸСӡֳ, ǲ֪ʲôԵʣᵽΣϢһ˳, ˸ճ֣ϻһ䡮ϴθھƹݳԾƵС
ɰٿĪ磬һֱӶԭأҳ
ϻһʱưˣһֱڸԼʹɫ, 治֪ò˵
ţ
һζĵ֡
Ҳ֪ô˵һСʮɣǰӰһ, ŽӣϻǾȫг, ֻǻ˵һ룬ˣæ˵ģǳĮģһֱûС, ֮ǰΪ±˺ü, ǳȥԼûȥ
ÿµ
ϻֱġ
ôʵۻҪء
һ, ܵ
ĸϻࡣ
~ԭôһ~˵ͷɴЦ
ϻЦˣΪԼĲЧˣֻһ˲Цʧ˵һ䣺үղκˡ
ǣϻŵõͷһݡ

ʱǰִָ
λصأ˭Խģ˿ɲƤЦǶԴǳ棬ҲĮǴЦ˶οĺӣִìſڣһ˵ȿ
Եظ仰仰ԼʶɣǷء
үû˵ҪʲôˣûнӵǲеġЩΪǲ˺ŮӡƾҲҲգгìԾɵſڣ治ɫ
СүĽ
û˵ҪˣѰ˵϶ҵģ
ûĹأ
㶼ûи˵
Ի
㡪
ˣϻġָȽţȽű𼱻ǵظţ˻û߾æ߳ȵү˵ˣ첻κˣλҲ֪㵽˭үʲô£뿪
˵ʵڣȽŻСġ
ʲôʲôϲʢ˲ӵģŶôܸڵᲢۣҲ̫Ұ˰ɣǰΪԵˣ벻һɽһɽߡ
ΪʲôҡĹĵضȽš
Ƚŵһۣôá
Ȣˣֻ͸ѵҲô
£˻߰ɡȽŲ֣Сݺݵһơ㲻Ҫ̫֣
ĹĵؿﱧŸУһŲ
û취
ȽŸԭضһӣתظˣҪǻȥͨһ컯յģϰտˣΪ۸أȥͨɣǸҿɲҽȥȽСֹ
ͨʱ򣬵ƺɱ
ϻô꣬ΣոоǷǳϤġֻӣôɱǱôأֲܷ˴̿Ͱɣ̽һΧ۽һƳͻȻһǿҵԤУһɱƺǴɢġ
eϻĬĬذͷȥǵذ塣
һºҲе㷢ǼʶСĵģ֮ǰӳ˽һʱˣƤӶûܰȰȥѾͷôԼԱߣҲȥ򲻿ɣ˦Լһơ
ֱͷˣ߳ȥǻᱻ
ү
ͻȻĺһ񣬻ͷ
˼һʮСҵôҪǳȥɣ˵˵ʲôﻰأʲôʱԶ˵ˣүһأòЦݸǻҡ⡭ðɣʵҽ첻̫ţеۡ
˵үκˣҪǺܺ棬֪СǺηʲôģ
ϻһߣѾڵϺܾá
ôŰɣɿɣҪҪ
ɱ⣬ζҲŨӰӣรɣ˭ôء
ϻ
ڡôǱء
Ǹɣүһͬ
ЦĺᣬĿԼŨɱϻ϶ɵӦãڼȻסϻվһֱ˳⣬Ҷ۾

ڼǸԳƽСĹʱ㱼ԼһΡ
İɣҲǶһĪСأԣһֱɵ䣬첻µز¡ĶɶжˣԱԹ뵽˴һ˿ܣܾξԤʲôЩ棬ʴʵ
ֱɵʱ۵мϲá
⵱顣
ܲ
ڻǼˣδǷ޶˷СȸԾ񣬲ƣûйءһü֪к£
Ҹ˵ѽ˵»飬Ϊѣ͵񣡡СЦţֿ򶫷Եˣʵһλô
֮䣬ƺڿԼɹϵСЩ죬߲÷ֻӦţǱԳƱֿڳ֮ϡ
в¹֪һδ֮ǰ̫ˣһáֻҲ̫֪ôǱ˳軵ĺôʵ˷ꡣɸ˵Щʲôȴʱ˵Щ¡ȥһֱ
֣ôһͲˣǲǾ̫ԶˮѽСЦ޻ģǶһ˵Խҡ
ûʲô£°ɣˣҲúõһĻ㽻˾ͺãҲȥġɷдˡںܲˡСһۣڳĿ̬Ϊ߲͡

סֻǶɵĽŲʵ̫ˡ
׷ϡ


108 ϼһ
Żɱڵ, ص֮һˣֱǰ޵Ļħˡ
ɼŸϣŵʱˡϻڶɵĺͷ, ҲӦ, ҪǿСͻȻ, ֪߷˱ʡѽ, ӱ, Ϲʲôɱඡ
û¡ɰ˰֣˼, ֿӦˣҵÿȥңԻ
á
С
ϻۻ
ǸСԺ󲻹˵ʲôһˡ, ¶ãҹͶأǿŵ㣬һ͸ϣøͷ, ͬȫϳ㰲ǣ, Ҳ뿴
ǣףϻæ֡
ӻǵһηôĻ𰡡
Сޣһͬ治֪Ǹʲô
, ɱΪԼῴһǱ, ˭֪İ趼ûб䶯֮ǰһ˱ߵĳ̱, ſڣҲ֪Щʲô
ɱԥҪҪǰȥԼһһ

æǰ˸ճ֣æĨᡣѽǺιʣᣬͼǸҰˣҲԸϻˣҲĪö˶˵ôͿأ
ᵽһ𣬿ȴִ֣ҪƿɣҪ𿪡

߿ҲŲҪ㣬߿Щ
Ӵ
ǸСȥɣҲҡ˼ұҺÿᣡٹˣǻүȢˣȢһֺη
ﻰŵòᣬһ̽ڻҲϷſҲҪˣЩͣÿˣһҲϲ˵ҴֻȢһ˵ģãһҲãʲôȲ㣡
ҲŲ㡣
ҷģ
һץɵ֣ݺݵҧһڡ
ҽг
һҧһ߿۵ȫһȴҽп࣬һɵôͲҰҧóѪ׻ۣɿֻԾĹĵģе۲㡣
ңҧ۵ġֿЦˣ̬ȷæ±
˼Ҷ˵ճ׵罺ᣬ׶ء
ôһ𣬳ײڶգܳģЩ۵رԼϱ𷽲Сͱ˵ģ룬ȷίˡôýȢʮ˴νӣһİˣȴҲʺãһָ˵뵽һĻͻȻĸܡ
ָԼ˵һ䡮ķ
һ̣ɻ˿ͷ
Ҳ˰ա

ҹʱΪ˸ƽռЦߡСүǷѾ˼ģһ·ϿĸСѾ߶ҪһͨżҲʹṦһҶЦˣ˵û
˼ϰΪ˱Ϊ˵ˣôǱˣأ
ǰҲûٽйֻҪ㿪ģҲν
عͷȥЦˡ
С޾ôţһ˱һԺطƺԺӲͬһȸԾ˵𿴡ҪۣȻԴȥ
ʲôطôذԹԵغۣҲ֪ɹʲôϷ
ȥ˾֪ˡЦţһͷСǣ֣ע̨סԺʵϻqס˳׺صػĵطڶ˸Сظ¶һرŴʱСԺر֣Сĸɵ衣
ûҲûС
ɶСرãڶɶԣ޲ýеöСôɰҲһҪ
ڿ۾ˡ
ȥֻԼѾطõúܰǰϻһվ˸ǰСʹֱҡΣϻֻЦղ˲
¼ӣϻСϾˣЩ޴룺q跽ųȥˣҲ֪ʲôʱҲ
ͱôˣʲôѽСүϻ£Ȼкƣ
۾ȣƵؿǣЩϻﱧŵĺӡ
ǡ
̧ۿһ¶ɣֿ˿ϻŵС˶
ϻqĺѽǸ~Цúǿģ֮󣬵յСǰصضŪСôôѽƣһЦҲЦ
ɹҲ̲סһЦ
ӣҲ̫ˡ
һиģġ
Ҫѿ
q軹ûţﴫһЦףôˣӹôŶ룬Ļ澹Ȼ໭Сšˣϵڸqɿʲôʱˣôأ
q裡
q㣡
һͬعͷq̲סˡ
ۡ
˵èǶͬʱֵĺʲôտ޹˲۾ýü࡭q費þǰΪֱͻ¿޵Ȼɣֿ޵¡ǻҲۣȫһ
뵱ʱһģžǾȫıˡ
һȥˣͽж߸۾qȹСЦء
á
qֺֺЦ˳Ӷɵ˼뵽ⳡսС
һЦÿĵһЦÿĵĶɣоǷһʯʱ꣬Ǹ˯еСڲٿˣҲڣҵһܾúܾõˣš
Ҳġ
qһЦ


109 
Ҳ֪ǻԵɻΪ֮, ڶ󲻾ãǱߺȻϲѶ˵ʵ۵һλС
Ķңʱ, Ȼһλ³Ա
ʵ֪մ, Ƿе, Ӷһ䡮Ȼһ°Ǻ⣿ĳǶ׻ʵ۵˼, ȺĻȥ, Ϻʵ۴־ȼƶݸǶԻʵ۸ж, һء
㶨лȻ˺ܶࡣ
ɽӵ̫źʱпǧ
²ʮ£ս
ϱߵļСȺ󶼳˴, Ļңһһλүӵ鱨ճüչ, 鷿, ټ˼λ󳼽ᣬ̡֮νڣΪһ, һ˷, ̽漰ˣǴӾΪū, һ̣֮Ϊ˾Ѱ£սҷߣ̷
ľǸƽ˲ٻ£ȴҲΪǣ㣬в޹Ϊ
δ̣֮һθСǸˣһ˱оҹ޵جΣμЩ޹˱ԩԼ
һҹо𣬾ʱͷϲ˺
ɡ
ⷬٶŵɫףǣǲجΣ
û¡ֻһʱˣ˹ɻδȴҲһЦԼõ¸˵ֻӴûȶʣ֪Ƿ
κԼݲ涫ɷǰˡ
㲻˵Ҳ֪ġɣҲҴ£֪ľģЩ²Ҫִ̫ţﲻôˣҪ˲ϵĺգֵɿһηˣʯͷѹţأô
ɻһ
Ҳ׿ڶ˵ԼίֻǶڸλ˲ʾϰߣ޼䣬Ҳ˵ǿֵˣûҪò졣ԵҲֻؿǸƽŮ̬Ѿʾ޶ȡ
ӵ߳ͯҥ
جˣ˯ɡ
š
ɺۣԼƽ
ֻԼ뿴һ淢չ
ϳд󳼻˵㰲˷ıɱ֮̣֮Ӧ̣ԶھҪͬһͬն
⻰ûб̬
㰲ΪҲ֪Ӧ̡̩鵽ϵĲȻֻδܲ
̩ԼǡೣζУ˵֪ҹȴ˷ͣɼ˶飬ϣүϳͣҹ̷֮Թƽ

׼ˣ
еĻһڹɵûиڵĻᡣ
̾һᡣ
糯˺󣬶ɱҪظȴȥ鷿¡һţб㿪żɽɶճ֮ϴһ׮Թ޻ĺ
̧˵ͷ
ɶΪӦộ
⡭ɳһ£˵֮˵ȷɱһӦֵֻδ£˵һﲻǸֻǾ̫ˣһ˷סԱߵھҲǣǷ񲻵£öһ̹棬˴вԵָ໥١һΣθ̫ˣû˼ȥ̷ǷϹ顣
ˣɫЩء
֡
ɶӦף֮˲ǣˣܺ˵ֻЩ˶µĴˡ
Ȼ֪üֻǺҲһҪ㡣
̾һ
ɶ̫ˡ
ɷŲ£бһ¡
֪ʲô䣬Ҳ֪ĸʵۣһʱ䣬´ңåǿǣɱ°ԭհԹһλʵ۷ѹΪǰȥսĽܻ̣ѶʱѵмǿͷĿ²ˣѺоʵ۶Щ˺޵ּնûлתء
Ϊڴն֮õ˭֪ԸǼץǿͷΪ˱𣬷׷׼´һʰҲвֲµˣʵ۶ԸֻɱͷˣҲΪһЩڸصңаԵѹһ
˵ԽԽ࣬мõҲԽԽࡣ
ȵʵ۴ɱطɱɾʱ򣬻ΪӵѾ彨˵ʵɱ޹˰Ѹײڶ֮Ƹ͢սսһձ꣬ǧٿףƽҲʱ򡣲꣬ˣףΪһʼǲܡ
½ƶǶ
ָ㽲µ⣬˵Ще߸õҲ˵°պͿֻ㣬ÿﶼᱧһ˿ң²ϣֻĳЩ˿ӣôߡνΪɱӺΪնݳ˵ǧ֮Ѩ̵֮˶ʲôƣǵѼ޹ȴҲа֮ӣΪȨ֮ˣҪ鴦ɾ
Сڹг󣬶ֱ󳼶֮ٳª¡̬ȶҪ࣬λһֻ֣֪Լò
ⶫɣһǸĹң²Ӹɴࡣ
żҲϸλ˱Ҫһݹ¼ţҪκȫ棬ͲλáЩпеĻƺ˺ܶࡣ
µˣҪѧеáɶи棬ҲΪɱȨ˸Ҫ£ö˾Ǻ۸˵޹ǴһѾȱ˶һΪ˸˹úãٲҲ޿κٰ֮
˵ָڵңС֮ϵȨơ
ǰ
ʵһǱйҲǷˣүҲֻѪ޻Цͨ˰ˣȴΪΪݣǴСӵһֱ˵ĸһСԹŶ޵ʲô¶Ҫ˼˵ĸܣôһһɡ
׵еϸ룬ȻأҲȷֽõĽ취
ֻȴЩĪðĲΣȨΪͷʶΪмн̻ô࣬Ҳڴǰ˽¶ѡ
үۣҪѧϰĶʵ̫ˡ̱ƣۣԴҪըˡ


110 Ӷʨ
²ʮ, 硣
ڵʱǱȽ֣ƽȤոһյζҶŹڣƾʲô, Ǿܼ˵ŪһЩһ, ԼȻ, ĳЩ˵ǲڵġе䷶, һСޡ
ɣվס
Ҫ
ƾʲô˵İӲóԣ˵
Ĳһ
бվǰ˵
Ҫ

Ϊ˷ָֹԲѷ, صذѸϵٳˣڸǰΡСүÿֵüɹϷ, Ҳˡ
֪Цҡͷ˵Ǵǰ
пรħе㱾°Ȼֱү䣡үصģ, š»Ϲ˰ɣ
һ磬ΪӺòóԵ¸үŤ, ˴޵ֵ԰, ˺üȦġ
ۻЩбȫǡ
ӴСʲôʱôˣյֵ¹п졣Ѿ޵Լ԰ݶ˺üأղһʱЩûŻˤˡԼŤһ, ˼£ñ˽һҵİ, Ȼһҵġ
վס
׷ҡ
ûüٴһ, Ƕֿʼ׷ս¹شһεؼϡ
ɣ
ħʵǵв
ϾĵΣɱȽϤȻرãֻÿ׷ʱͻֽݾСһһΰġħצУ׷ȥûˣ˿ɶΧǿأ
ɵҲʶȤֻͣԶԶģһ軨ͷԴ
һôһ
Դҡҡͷ
Ҹʲô
Դ΢˳ίͰ͵۸ңүû˵䣬Դ˻ȥԾ¶ߡ
ֺֺЦ
İôÿ춼ôɰ
ˣ˵ˡѵ÷㡣˭֪˻һԭأ̲סһߺȣ
ȶһ¡
ѽڣݸ㰲̩빬æӦ󳼡Գǵ˵岻ʲܳϯ֪ɽ첻ûвСĻ϶Ҫ޺˵ԼСѾͷ۸
ɵһԶֵˣ˷׷ɢ
ȻǺɱġ
֮ǰϻѹң˵ƽ͹ȶൽߣֻҲ̫ˣӱǲҪܶ߹һֻǰèһвϹܡεؽСǰһº
̫ô˿ɲС¡
æ
Სģ˵ʲô
Ҫ
ɼƽϡӲóԡ£æЦһֺãءȻ㰲ǵӲȾǶʽζԾɲģôóЩ
㲻˵ǱҲαصͨ½ֵ˵̫׽ɱ˷үСܣʱͷϿɲá
ôᡣ
ʲôǲܵģ
ǰ̫׽Ƕ󲻾ã׿˵ġ˵Ϊظ̫ˣŮӳɻ鵽״ǵĵߣעЩߵ£Ǿͻһֱ˰̨档
ɫֻЩӳˣҾͲⷽˡ
⻰ȴЦˣϣǵﻹǵⶼͬᣬһ㣬ȴǲԸء
һ˼շ졣
ƻʱ֣Լ԰һ¹Ŷ룬̩Ϊ֣ռѽڣΪȻҪЯǰ
Яǰ
ڵѵ仰⾾ĸЦþá
̩ڣ̩ԺСԶԶˣæЦӭϣ˵ҹϯѾ׼ãͲŨһˡһЦţֽô˵Լ˺ˣ󷽣Ϊ˼ҲҪǰӭ
Ҿһкһͷʮָ۵֣ҡҡͷСϷСϷ
ģҾ˵ҪٸѾͷͬʱˣÿζֻ֣ÿζʮָۣۿۿƽʱڸﻹûṻ𣡼޳ȥóȥˮ˭Ⱦ¹үŶ
һ΢Цǣһ롯ơ
磬̩˱ʮȣÿһζ£ɫζȫЩŵ
Ů̫룬һʳһ˸̣ӻδϡɾˣҪ˵̩ݳ޶ȣȴһ̳ӾƳЦ˵ɶ֪ҹϯЧºˣ
ɱֽߵĻʻȥһɻ
ȥɡ
ǡ
Χ˵ȣһƨλϣ㰲һ󻧣ҡ
ĬȻ
ڷңжš
˵ݽӴ£ֻǶƽܻ˲̽ҵ£ĸиװ¶Ҳм˽⡣
ͬǶ壬û䣬ȴǰڹ㰲ǰεض𣬸ϵⷽҼΪݳޣöԼסլŹ׼䱸֪ˣΪⷽҴլǹ㰲ڶ
֪Լжɵǡ
Ǽ˾Ȼôڹ㰲ǻүһ㣿ɽӹ̩һƣӣֻٶ꣬˾Ҫϸλٿ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵ˣӲضǣȻǵܣǵʲôЦˣ˵ҲˡֽҶڳвǶôһ˼һ˵䷽ҵǽǶԽԻȥ
ӣûд𻰡
ֻ¡
³евĸұţӦһȨϷˣתȻˣǷүӹû벿ӦǶǡ
ɶ𸴣
ֻ³вǡ
Ͳˡ
иһƣһְԼһζҷİɣһսǾɽۻᱻ˵ֺ̫ӸǱѴˣھǸǼʹҪʱ򣬻ǡ
񶷲ҵϺ꣬ǾͶ䡣˰жѣֻҪ̵úãͷβ˷ԣɱӺһͶǲǻͳǼСмշ⡣
붫̸𷽼ҵ±ϲ˴СʱعһѾ׼ֳԵͬζӡ
Ȼ
Ǹһףﺬ壺Ҿ㳢


111 ҹ
, ȡ㰲Ǻòȣնɴӷ۳꣬һʱáˮڵϣȽ֯ðһ, Сʱ, , δ, 硣
ⳡ굹µüʱء
վȱһ, 㡣
ϻԶԶǰԶ, ֪Ѿ깫¡±㲻С鲽˹Ǹǰ
ӡ
ţ
˵óӱһʸ㣬ӱضûģصСţЩȥ
ร
ɻع, ü
Уǽ
д󲿷ֵ˲֪֮, Ȼɿ⻻ĸ, ̩ǱҲ˿εˣֻ̫󣬸طµҲкܶ࣬׼еж֮ߡǰ, ɾԼı, ֻڻԼ޵֮ŷЩ¶ڡ
Ҳǻ
Ѿ, ȴ͵һ㡣
ү
ûߵ޵ǰѾͷͻŻŵ˳ſ˫֣ѶסСǼˣȥȵ
޷΢΢һЦģ²µпܷ¡Ҳô޵ǰվ˴۵Сһӣ󶫷ɲ˵Σܽȥ𣿡
ͷȷϣ֡
֪°˵׼ʲôϲء
Ƶ߽жҲſڣϹϾӡЦЦ˸ֵӽô磿
ǡô飬˳ȥƣϻ͹ˡһɵ죬ĵһˣôȥҶµطɺ
ֿʼˡҪ£жæסЩȥɣء
á
˶ȥ
ж߲ûڸǰź򣬴ǵķԸӶ̤뷿һȥæӰɲſżֻǣֱһϵ˵⣬طûй

⿴ȥȴʲôؾϲ˵ʵڻе}ûţſͣס˽ţңֵڶӰ

վſڸǹ
ͻȻһƬԭڷͷºڣûз֡ôǶҽȴҲ˵ֵֹ䡣
ôû֣ǹˣ һһȴǷ£ĵص꣬˲ˮȣҲûгԷθڡصóļģҹԼҲֵһٷʳǲҪԶˣȻʳҹָ˯ȡ
ԽӾͱºԶɵĽҲˣżůĻСһɱЩӦҲڼд˸ı䡣
ĴħֻǻûܷƢĵˡǸûС׼ֳ̱ľ˾һٶҲеˡɳŸ㣬̲סΪԼͷûпܡ
ôˣԣ
ûУһЩ°ˡ
ЦЦ
ôæôͷʹʼºѵůһ⣬ҹص޵ʱԷԼһۣӵ֮ٹ໤˵ҲþûиʲôǾٶˣס
ΪһүӦøܡ
ҧſֿʼ
ɣ

ɡ
ţ
⧲ģվڶֵס۾ħЦţϸҸСɲ
˳ӵţգ۾ʱëģֵҪԼ͸ң
ޡһұģҪô
Цˡ
ｲһɵӡ
ɿʱڶǰģһ幤ܾ£ͼҲر𣬲˿͸ŵ㡣һ£ֽӹƵţϸϸꡣ
͹ܶණֻȱһ
ռɿҵ˴𰸡
ǰʶʱһֻǻҪ͸֣ۣװҲֻЦţѾû˹Ľ٣һΪԼأ룬յˣ
û£˵ˣһʱסӣԭǻͼǳôΪءǶ˰ǰľˣʲô˳Ҳ㽲ֺˣҲûҪֱ˺ҲҴţֱ˵ĵ׻ˣйȻǷһʯЦøЩ
ﻹڽˣ
Ϊβ⣿
ȥˡ
üֱӽڻ̧һˣȴݽϧѵ⣿Ҷǵ㣬ȻĻȥңһղãҲҪȥ
Сү˵棬һࡣһЦ˵үôûɣﾡһЩܵ¡
ģ£Ӱү
˵Ϊ㣬ų궼ԡ
ȡ
ʱ֣жںͷԺϴһЩɵ֮жĽѾͷʰһֱΪóʲôӡϴ·ж˷źùߣһƣ߻ǰԺչչ鵽һɵӰ
˭
жؿ
Ӱһ£Ĺ˸꣡ң
ߵ¹£жŷӰϤˡߣ̲סһôţѹ𱸵ҹĲȥ˯Ӷű߸ʲôҷ㣬Χöҹأһ㵱ǿû潲һ˵ġ
ӴҲû֧֧أҲҿһƾ֪¡
жߣȴصزԸҪ¡
Ѿͷôˡ
ҷšЩ졣
ʲô죿
֪ô˵оֵֹġүƽʱǲд˵ϰ߰ôСڽлأ
жû˵Ļתһ룬סǺǺЦһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôֻͣȰȥʵĵɵ춼Ըߣֱжû£ɵŲţжط
ѽ㣬㴳˴
ôˣ
ߴĿ֪ơ
׵ˣʲôҲ֪£ƽӦ֋̵߽ѽฮô󣬾û˸᣿жίؽţƫøԺˣţûѽС֮ǰฮ͵ȵѾͷ˵˶١

ѽԣ㽲ʲô
жȻЩ
ôûûεѾͷǰ˲ٿͷɡûԹ˵£һʼǶߵˣӺóԺúȣӹòȻǸĵطҲ֪⵱һЩ˵òôǳʱЩ˻ڶŶӸɻ
ǰߣ¾ǵһԱ
ж
ҹ£ɲڶˡӸˣ黥ϲģȻһЩ֮¡ɵѾͷ㶼ôˣЩ¸Щ˽⣬պˣҲᾭжЦɵȴϣ뵽طȥ
ƶǶصͷ黥ϲ֮£
šжЩ졣
ǣΪꣿ
Ȼ
˵仰֮ǰͲµɵѾͷдһʡжһʱ룬֮ǰɿЩӦóûһɵʣֱͺˡʣ¿ɲ˵жһ
ûѽ
㻰࣡жһ߶ͷ˵Щ˯ȥҲ˵ˡ


112 
ǽ߱ô, ԸԾֻʱ˵ͻסһֺ棬ҹţֱҵΪֹжǸģ, ֪»ص, ˵, ¶, ʡ
С㰡
ţ
նϳȥ, ڵƷ衣ĵ, ˿¡̧ͷûڣɻôѾͷֱ˵Ŷ
ȷһС㣬ֻǲ֪ôڡԴ
ŲյƳһۣƮƮشһ䣺㲻֪ôڵ£ֱ˵ɡѾͷɴ, ôĥĥģ仰ͣ
ҿ˿, ȥ
Ҫң
ѾͷѵǷ˶ծ˲£˹, ϶ȴԾűĲҶ
С㰡
š
ʵľһ¡
š
Ϊ֮°
ԣֶһ¡

㰲¥
ɵĸÿٷүӷΣΪ±ϳ, Ըٵصػһ, 칷ӣȽųˡ
Ƚ, ֮ǰΪ޹ͷ˷һٵˡ
칷㿴ǶǱŵ˲ȽôСô
Ķء
Ƕ¥
ӴιСӡ
鷽ҵǣܴһֶѾ¥ˣÿҪż䣬һƲҲһȺһûһ죬¥ߡȽźܾöûн¥ˣôԼ˹칷Щ֣˲֪Ƚݼ١
ݼ¥һѰô칷üͷ壬һ°͵ĺӡ԰Ƚ£ǰ߳ģҹﰡģһʲôҲ£
칷ƶ˴Ѱ˵෴˵ȽŶҹִ£ۼЩʱһۼ⣬ԶͿȽŽķﻹ޹ӰСǰȾԲҪʲô¡
칷㿴С޵ģ
ǰɱ˵ƭ㣬Ҳ۾ģǺúǶһƣԼϡ
벻ȽСӾȻϲ¥Ĺ޿¥µĹﰡ
һһĵûȣ칷Ķˡ
ֻ֪칷ȽŸ鼫ȴ֪칷Ƚʵֵܡ꣬ǼûǮ»иܵܺãΪܹӣֵһܻǮСģôǻʼңֵٲõҲͷǿ
ҲǴɡ
һ䣬үΪɳѡֵܶϰ츳صΪĸǸ칷ܵܽȽš
ЩүͶɣ˸ֵ֪ܡ
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Բܣҵ治ܣ
칷ôһȤֻý˷ȥԼƾơ
⼸¥Ĵˣȴһ춼û£ÿ׼ʱˣγΪֹƻ裬ۿҪ칷մ㺰˽Ȼնӻظһţεɤ¥𣬺˺ȴԼ֡
أүҪޣ
Ƚ͵͵޵Եʣֵ칷ûʲôӡ󡣼Ƿαضҵˣ˵䲻δôãѲɻ֮칷̾һ
ȽСӻȥ𣿡칷ʵ
ûУȥéޣƼȽŸϺԺȥˡҲ֪Ҫ±ϳûиšһش

칷üͷЩ
үүȶȥмùȵһȡ
ȥģ˵Ҫޣ϶Щң
ү޽岻ʣѾЪϢˡ
үһ岻ʣÿһζ岻ʣ϶ǲӱү̫٣޸ҳȸ٣
үĲǮ¡
¥³µĺ֡
칷¥ż䣬ŷһͬΧ˱ϣ־硣εѾˣӦǹ¥֮ǰͺ˾ƣӽҲҲ꣬Ȱһƿﺰšޡޡлһ
뵽ޣ칷￩һ¡
ԡ
Ƚһ֪ⷽˣȽŸйڣһ񲻳Կ
죬ԺһˣСӸߡ
ǡ
칷¥·ΣЩǡ
Ҹ㣬϶ȿϵģ㲻ΪСΣ񶨽ҪᣬүеǮֻҪܰ޴ߣûʲôã¥£λڸ𱶷죬Ϊ˶֪Ůƽʱֻ޳衣ڷοˣ˶ڿһλôӦ
ǸһЦǺǺǺǵЦ˺üشӴүһ糾Ҵѽ˵ʲô˼Ųԣ׾ѳѽ
үǷ䣬Ǻˣүһ
үԲӡ¥ڹ㰲ôˣʮ˽֪¥Ǻεȥǹ㰲ǵĴ壬ȢŮӱضò绨ĽСŮС¥⡭һΪѵı飬˵ʵڲã
αھ֮˼ңһѴһûû˳һ֪αֻվԭءԼѰΣºƣˣ˵˵
ޡǲˣʡ
Ӵү
֣
˶ڷα޵ϷѾ壬ȥóԳԸúȺȡ벻ʱȴһ˴ӺԺ˳ŷξһӢ¡ˣģ壬ֲ´
칷Ƚţ
ʲô
칷Ⱥǰ¿ȴ˵ȷԼֵܣСӣЩȥ֣ϧΧʵ̫ӣ칷ȥ˵һֶᱻû
ǣҰҷͣζݺݵص
շҰּˡȽһһȭͷչʾ˵ϵүүȭͷôôôҪүүײ
ô˵˴롣
ˡ
֮ǰԵ޹ܽ˵Ϊ˵ļһﲻôһֵѲԺȥۣûаŤη֮Ҳֻʮʮ衭ŭˣ±㳯ȥȵ˵ʲôأ
˵аԵ۸ˣʲôƨңȨӰһҲ޹ФģޣȽһԵؽﻰ˳ǵ¥Χ۵˹ЦµĻƽкá칷ȴͷƤ飬һﵽǳʲôıӵô˵ô
ʲôαüˣɫǺ죬͹𣺡ҷҵȨƱү֪飬֤ʵ
ޣүΣһȥɡ
ҷұǶ֮ˣĵᣬɣұǶΣ¼̫һʸ̳лλˣҰҹȻձү˻ʵۣһ˾㣡
λڳͷһ
칷һЩԾ
𣿡ȽЦЦǸûˡһ˲䣬ȽŵӰͬһգۼŵ磬ٵس彣ߣһֱ̣ӽᴩյʷר֮ͽӾߣɱ⡣


113 ϶
ïɥӱǴ, ֻǺ漸շһֱûϢزɥֱ죬㰲вԼЩ˵ǷСү˼, ҹûˡ
췽ҶļϢ, Сү˵治ɫ, Ծɺúõͷ, ̩ү̸Ц˰, ɷԸ£, ö˵ղſʼء
ɱΣĿ֮ǸǷͷô룬ȫ˼ʱΣӹпżɽüͷ˵ͷŻˮ
ɱ, ö˵ľ
һδ֪ʵҲ, 뵽ҵСӡͬķǸåү, ƽﻵüˣŪβѰһˣȻ󿴿һʲôӦ붫ξ鲻㣬ҵ, ø֡
زɥ, ˵ӲӲϵ˿Щ૵˭ͷʲô, ϾҲûǸûĻĳҾЩ죬ϵĵˡ
пһۣһʱ⡣
Ȼү϶ԿôïͿ϶ҪˣϷˡҵµĴж٣һηɥ£ҲɿȻβǷïΨһĶӣֻǰ׷ͺڷˣⷽï϶޵öԣָվͻɱֵ
ԴˣЩġ
ǷĲ£㼸輧ҸΣЦ
ԵǿԡһЩصشսɶߣѹɶɵС֪˲˯


⼸æڴ£һֱûп¡ȽɱΣǹϡյ㡯ͷ˶֪ϸֻ֪뷽֮ǰĹϸ𣬲⻳ǹ˽Ƚų칷һɸֵģѰŷΪȽţܷ
ټǵʱȽѾ
ǹ¶꣬˴ϤѵŲԼֵܣ
ɶϣҡͷЦˡ
յȽŰ£ǶɹΪ֮Ȼ֪ȽԸ嶯ֻǽ˽˷£һ˸ɴ䡣˵İȣȻȻӡ
û뵽ûһȽţ
ӣ֪һˣЩίǻ¥СȫûǴɫǹʲô޵СǡΪ
ӣ칷ԣ𷣣
칷ͨһ£سŶɿһͷɿһۣһʱԡ
˺ʮˣʮһӣһӹϽһӹȽŹϽһӹ¹Ͻ棬ϻ
ĬΣɰôһ
ӣ⡪
µ
칷лҪ˵Աߵ¹ȴһסߵݡ
칷üͷ壬̾һ
һ쵽£˵ôô죿
Ǵӵ˳¹칷һѵ⡣Ҫһѣ㻹ҪӾɣǴСʿͨݸߣҳʶҲҪͨǿޱҪöԡǲϻqڶţרǲµģʣܽ
칷ԴԹؿһۣЩǣɰ£ֶжӣΪ
Ϊ㻹˼ϣ¹ָͷһ䣺һΰ°ʲôȽ²Σ¼Լһ׮׮һɼǵ˼ɢɲϣȽŷͷӣΪľǱ˴˶ٻƺ⣡Ϊʲô
йأһһ˵ۺ˷дͷôñӻ¹֪һ㣬Էſ˶
칷ǸľԴ
¹ֵأһ߼
±ҲҲԣû칷һ벻׵ģ¹ָͷۡӴˣûѽ
ҿǻˣ
ûУ
¹ջ֣칷̾һãֵһԽ벻˽ٶҲûáҾϻȥֵܺúİɡ
ġɶ칷ƲƲ졣
ЩһǷ׼ԷǷ㽲Ǹְɣֵиҹ𣬱Ϊһñ˴ˡ¹ļ磬ȰȽŻС治ࡣǹ£Ҳ
ҿɿ칷ֱӴ
޴
¹ҡҡͷû˵ȥ
ǡҹ칷ȽŹͬظڡ
˴ǰֵܻͬһЩĦ˵ֽһ׮ºڶǰҹʱȽֻһĴ죬칷ЩؼθϣǸĻߣ˵
һȥ˴ѳĬ˰ϡ
ɣµصʱɲԴЬӣ
ѽⲻһʱô
첻Ϸǰɡ
С
ƨЬӴϣ
Ӻֿʼˡ
Ƿɢ޵ֵ࣬⼸䳳ֲЦˡ칷û˼͵ǵĻֻСضܽǺͷǰȽŵķӦ
Ƚݶϣ߹Ц˼
Сӣ뵽ʲô칷ֹ
漸˳ȥȥ
Ȼŵ޵һл
ҹ⡪׼ĽࡣǰҲԹأΪλСү֪뷿£Ծ͵֮ǰҡ

ΧļѸٳ룬칷Ҳ֮һֻǸ㷢ԼֵȽŻݶϷû칷ԥСڣӷԸҹ㻹ʲô
ȽŻع칷۾ʱЩ㡣
ֵиҹ
һ£ܶҪ˴˺ʲô칷һֱ¹ԼĻһǹȽţǸ
ǰЩ¡Ҳԡ
Ƚһʱסˣ̧ͷþû˵˾ôţһȽŲŵ˵ͷش𣺡ûʲôͻȻҲû㡣
ʵǣʵڡ칷εЦȽû̹١ǰЩ£̲ס⣬˵ʱȷǱɱˣҿ¥ǸôҾ;áû¡Ͼ¥ˣǲǣʲôϵǻǾ̫ʧˡ
ΪⷬͣȽ˼˭֪ȽŵɫһӾͱˣԭúõģȴſ޹Ǹˣƫ
칷һ
ô
Сͷ飿
Сӣ㲻ʲôݣͷ˿Ƿ֮ˣأүţǶ⣬һ𣿡
ϲʣҪ˵
Ƚźһۣתˡ


114 
, ˯
˯ȥҡ


ѽ˯òѽ
ôû˯أ
ڵѽ
ȥ˯


ίͰ͵ڱֻ¶һ˫۾, ļ
ǰ첹, һȥ, ȫǶճļסҵ·û, ҸءСֹ, ̫Ķö˶˵ģҹʲô·ѽ˵, ֻҹҹоȾ˲ôŶ

ɶһѻݺݵĿ⣬ֻƲţһ˫۾գգ͵
˿ûо⣬һһ߷ú档ż紵Ӱһ, 㽫̨˸λðڷţϻơ
һֱţһһ鷿ûۡʱ, ɵƤԽԽ, ά͵˯ˡ

ߺ
ɵۼӵĲõСơ
ңǸ߸ϵүҪ·϶ϲ޵ɫѲǰذ, һҲá幤, ǰЩĥŸɵ·С
۵λãֻǶɴϻῴ, ᲻һġ
ʮĹҾ͸ϲЩģƫŹ֣ϲЩצޡεҡҡͷר־һ֦С˵ŻȴַûӦ
ɻس齷ȥǹŹֵĹצӰű˯ˡ
ۡ
ݸ
ݵү˯ŵʱһģ˵ȥ»ŵء
˯ɣ˯ɣôôɵ̾һֻǱ黹Цţβסáú˯Ȼôоһ鰡ɵɡ
îʱ֣ɱ
ءǿǰǶԼӰҪѰңһŲԼԱ˯ţƣ۵ӡ
ɿִһա
ɱ֡
˯еСħ˵һü
˯˯ɣ
ЦСĵظǺñӱȥϡ·ָսһǡ
ӣжźϴˡ
ꡪ𳳵ˡ

¡
˳󣬶нೣζԼ󳼻̩лҳȥˣû¸ɣŻתƣ֣ԼôС١
˵þöûϰǿĹˡ
ôģһЩԿءһ߶šqߣôһʱ̲סһЦȻؽӻǸѵỹ֣

ġqѾ͸һС
ǡҲҪһɲڵӶ䣬һ㲻Ǹ֣һʲô̿أܲһֱǱɡ˵ˣ彡Ҫúܣʲô𣿣
ԡqޱػش
ǣүǿ˳ִ˱мͷĸ
¹鶫ȭʵöܶԼȽ鶫轣֮໹еÿ칷鶫Ϊܶյϰ»
ϻĻ
鶫ˣǴ

ϻյĵһķq衣
ӡǴܶһӵıѽⶫ߯ˣҪܰϰˣǻǴװ̻һÿòС
ϻı棬浽ǿЦ
ɳĬ˺ܾãq衣
㺢
Ǹӣ¹̲ܽϡ
šͷܵɡ
ǣ
q֮Ĭֱﵽһ߶ȣԱ߼Ľѡٿϻ޷޲ƽҪΪԼƽļ´֣дżЦĸ飬ֻСһ
ֶùЦΨȽź칷ƤЦⲻЦվһߣƵģһ
ɲԹɫ翴ס
Ƚš칷Ƕ˳񣬾͹⺰֡һҵعֵһ׽ɣһҲСҿɺþûʶǵıˣҿ۽ΣЦñ⣬ֻû
ǡ
µ
ֵܶһָۣԿ𴦡
ɶϻqӡ˵Ϥϳ˭ֻǸԵƢԺ˼ɴû¹
ҪģһȺԼĲ£һȺбµˡϲиĸоҲϲͣżΪȺ½⡣
統߲һϻq衣
ȽŸ칷ֵܣһ㣬֪ġֵһ²ӦøŽ𣿾ͺñ磬һػʳһرҪ˲ġʼӵû˼ôȽ칷ϣֵܸô
һϻϻߵǰ
ӡ
ôСڳһɫ
ϻһʱתôһ˵һֵܰôСˣ찡ǲ֪ɶ

еס۾
ô£
ϻƽʱͦ
ӦΪСǼ¡˵գȽŲûк칷ͬʱ֣ȵ¥һɴ˲ᡣȻ˻q裬ֱԹϻԣ黹һĮſڰڵʯ񡣡칷Ƚ粻Ƚž칷뷨ƫģʲ͡
ɵͷ
ԭ
轣ʼˡ
֣칷ȽżһԳ֮ҲȽȲ١۱ƵȽţ칷Ժţڽͷת򣬽ʹڵء
ý
ûоǶյǻкãôһ£Ƚŵʤġ
δУȽһѽսǰȥ칷ܲҶ˰벽һ˦סơ
ϡ
ײ֮һ⡣һ߿ýζܸо֮Ļҩζ̫˵㡣ôȥֻ±Ա˾һ˼˴q߽ĻԸһֽš
Ƚźģ·е㷴Ϊʤ˼
칷칷㿴ŵ㣬
ҲֳӪΪźкã칷ǸͷˣȻܡҲȶ̬ԿȽŵĽУ䲻Ҫӽȥ˭֪ȻӿһʹĳƫǲգֻҪȽҪ֮

칷Σͷʹջؽƣȴ³ͻȻԼ˵һʱֱ۳ˣһûһ
칷
Ƚżˣһæȥ
ûû¡
ɵӰͱǰѽˣֲǶ㲻
֪ܲܶ㿪
ֵܻԹʵĵ׶Էɱⳡ涺ˣϻһ߿ó񣬱£ϣ

㱾Ǵȥ


115 Ǵ
ƻʱ, Ժɢʱ򣬿ľǶɸһȺֵĻ档
ɴûĶɡ
˵ԶϮûôõһ档һʱ, ˱, ؿİɡ
ж, Ҳš
, үƵġ̲סп
Ǹ, һСءô˵˻ɾ͸¸˴ֵ, Ƕ鷿ȥЩҴóüչȻ֪Լ뷨Щ˽
жֵȺ˼ۣҲЩһμڣǺöǰˡϻǴСߣΪӻЩ˺ö, ӻԾĿԷǳ͡
һж˼
˾Ǹľͷȫ, ʱʱ, ĵģһֲʳ˼̻ĸо
ɽܿء
Ǳ֣̲סЦˡ
ôۣӦθҲó׼һǰûɵĺ춹, ðɶԼʳ, ôݡ
Ǳѽ, ܣ
ǴҲֵ̫˰ɣۣǴҲ۰Ӵ谡һ㣡
ѵģϻһ̻ģƺòÿ
Ҳ
㣡
Ҳ棡


ʱĶɣ͸ƽʱһ޼ӡˡôʣʵҲ黳ڣһſ־ͺá
ʹɵǴӵϰٵ޹ɹںԺܵô죬
Ƚ칷ֵܸ֮бǰӣΪöɵǴø·һ˸һԽԽ죬öսǴڵģ

ˡ
СЩʱҲҪշ硣裬ȻҪһգƿԼ
ϣ
ɸǵָһѧһУһܴԭĻʽԼеһʽŲ磬ְԼһӣԶֵסˣƳ߽


˷׷񣬶ûҲûԾ˦Ǵܶš
ɣ
һлȴ͸гӵֱӹ˶ɶһ˲ס˽Ųһ˦ֱǴ׵˺

ϲüңҲǴûҵĻݲݣһһľôѽ
ϻֱźе㲻ġ
ţǼ㲻֪ûˣ
ҾԺתת˭֪Цӭȥóϸزȥɶϵĺ湻˰ɣôˣӲܶ࣬Ҫ
ҪȥأɻعҪ¶һ֣ȴԼֿտɶûСҵǴأղŲץô
ӣǴӺˡϻСѡ
һüรȻȥˡϻȥ컹Ҫأϸպã

ʲôȥ˳ժЩź£óһź춼

ϻֻԼȽࡣ

ʱж˲׷˳ȥλӳԷʱϲźҲϰΪֻţȵǽٽȥ¡
ʱյ磬һʼǶˡڶǳԵò࣬źλүÿһͶϣܶԼڣʱ֧
춹
ţ⣬ζ֮ǰ嵭һ㡣
ܳزˣɡ

ﻹһ׷ûü˵һЩˣѵСһСɽ
ԡԲˡ
ԣĶȥ
ò˵תĸʱֱòǾɻ۾Ӱתһһûͣ
ǿҸʲô
ÿԹſ㡣Цˡ

治֪ǺЦ
ϵĶɣնһС춹нȷ϶Ĳ֮˽ѷ˳ˣСǣ֣תһȦȻȥ鷿Ʒ塣
ɫԲ
ƺʮ˼Ҷ˵ʮʮԲ̧ͷ죬ôһ¡
㿴䣬ϣôԲ
ɵôԲ

Щ޹ԼݵùͷܿˣôʮһԲ
ǲɵ޹ģЦˣæɣ˳ôԲͺˣҾͲõܼɢܡ
ůڻҲ˼ŵһȺˣ˳ƣͷһ¡ôҲҹҵľ
ˣԱµҪ˵åѶɵĻе㷺졣ôô
СүЦԾǣǰˡ
鷿̴㣬żǽ鼮ֻһ߽ȥľ֮С
С¯裬ҲѾʰϡֻһ߽鷿ĿͶϵۣþöûлع
е»ûã
˽ֻҪһ񣬾ܲµ뷨
һЩ£ҲһЦǿı飬֪ԼѽͷЩɣЩط벻ѡ
ֻ
֪ԼܰʲôæΨһģˡֻôŶɣһЩҪԼ۹ȣҪȾʲô֢
ޣɲŲء
ĵһů
Ҹ㽲һɣòãʡ
š
㰲һ󻧣շʵշǼүıʵǶգҸʲͬ
ͷе㲻⡣
ǰҲǻʼˣֻʲΪ˹̻ȨŻɱ˲㣬΢δϣ
ม
ڹ㰲һ̲סһüҺ͸뿪㰲ǵ׳󣬶ЩвǰЩ죬ȽִѰ˸ڽСү͵Ϊһʲôٶģ˭֪ڸ˴£ֻ˵Сүûˡ˼룬ûô򵥡
ţһӦ涫ɸƽüͷ
Ȼʹԣôһ£϶ưոݡɣ˵ԷضΪĳСͲԼκ©

ʣǺܺõ˶ɡ



116 ʮ
û, ˡ
ԭ˵ǵüû˵ķΣͻȻ˵ѲԺ֤˵顣򵥵һ׮£ͻȻıɱҶԷо, ʱѾɱ˷Ż, ֻһֱû, ֱһηγ¡
ѲԺǱߵϢ, ɳץֵǺ, û򼸰ӾȫˣǰҲ, һӶʮأ漰
ɷ廧ºϼʮ
ѲԺͷһҲŴˣԴϴη˲ڽԼɼ, ׵ҵ£ү϶ġͻȻץôֻҪʮ, ôһ˵, ƶүզࡣ
ѲԺιУξսսع빬鷿£ͷŵ̩Լɣҳ
пһߵˣֿУξ
һͷ֪һ, ǾҲ취ֻĸо
ǣУ
̩, ʮˡ
Щʲôˡ
²ˣСϰ, һʱûи˽Ӵϵڵġ
ɷд̣֮ϵ廧Ů٣һ⡣䲼һɷΪطܣЩĴ˴ùġû뵽һйˣйˣ˷µоأų̶ȥһ
ڣкͶ׷εº޹ء
ҪҪʮ޹׷¾ҪȽŶһ硪˼ҷȻزɥȽŶʹȥ
Ϻ꣬ԭǶ̲֡סһüһʱҵǰŵ·ֻôһ·ǶԹԣ˵ǵֶβ̣ΪɱһӰ٣ͨ˶Źѹⶫһʧˣͺš
£ݱߡҲЩķ㳯Уξ֣ȥɣǣеʱѺмǣ˽̣ٶ֡
ǣ

ѲѺⷸ߹㰲ǴСʱ˲˵Ŀ⡣
йķ⣬ǣʮȫϰΡѺ;У׳һֱܼ˵Լ˵ɷǶ˻ͼݣΪΧ۰̫ûܳȺûһͱѲץ˻ʮ˵ȫһֵеҡ
ӴǷʲô°
˵иɱǷСүǰأⲻ̳廧˼Ұʮ˰ɡ
ǵùôûƷеڡ˵ЩСϰհҵģһɱ˷Ǿꡣʲô¡
ǰȺﻹʶأò̫ףȻҲˡ
¡

ն̣Ǻ¡
ΪԼ£Բв̤ҲرеûйΪһ£̾ٱԭ̵ҲΪðǼɵȨǻල٣֮ӵʼȨһ׶ˣһоð̸֮ɫ֮࣬һЩ
ɵʱ̲ڣԵʡ
Ȼ·ϣô˲Сģүڴ¿صúܣ³çͲ¿ͷ
Ѳȥʱ򣬱УξһͨУξǸˣ빬ͿλүĹǣ֪ǲд°ԹԡĺĺѺⷸƫƫֵǷֻ꣬գүҪд˰
Уξ˼ȥġǻͷľڣ뿴ûлתء
빬Ǳߣλͬʳ
˵ԵñȽϷҡ
ΪôһĪеһ۱ʿֵ𣿡
ɲоΪǺ޹й˸ʿкΪ񣬸ںԼġҾǶȻĲȣԸöԷ⣿
·ͬû취̧ۿƽࣺɶ̲Ϊ˭ģΪɷĶҲӰ쳯͢ɱɱ޹Ҳľİ
֣ü֪˲ɱ˷
ܶ£֪ϸȴֲò̾һʵҲûôѪҲµıãֲ֡Աȳ̻ϸ˰ѵԼʧܴΨоĿǰݵ·ӡ
֡ҪΪıӵģôΪŰôɱءɲܽܣ֪ʮжʮ˲֮ͯҪһġ
ϣҲ˵ֻһö塣
ö˾Ĭ˺ܾá
Ǹʱĸ
֪ôðķڷģ۰Ҫ˼ô˵ĸܣԼҪԼһءɿʼ̾
ΪԼ԰үԽԽõġ
ڡ
ƺЩƫԼˡ
˹һ裬ڶɳʱһȺȿڲ衣
ĬĬл
֮ǰѾ㽲ڸλ϶ҪȡᡣмԾɲ˵˵ȥ㲻Ҫȥжô޹Ҫȥڳ͢Ǻǻ
սÿض£ʷûаսжٳأΪʤߣڵ˵˲мһˣ๼ɶԷγǣǺͶԷͬһطΪԼĹԼȥ¡ۻˣֶж̡
ξ鲻㣬ȷҪж㡣
²öȥߣϾǶԼķأķء·ûзֲڣȻ̤ϵһү͸üȥô
ǻ˺ܾã󣬲ŵش꣬ʲô
һ

ӵнˡ
˷񼫣Ϊɷݣ٣йأ漰ڵ廧˼ҹʮ˳Ϊа˴նףµűݣûض
оǳء
Ҳоˡ
ǰ˱ն׵죬Լ鷿﷢ܾá
ԭҪȫģ붫Э̣һţ·ʿ΢տʹǻŵִﱱȥ
ն׵Ǽ˾ѲԺ˲ǵϸϼôʱԲ˳
û
е¡
ɱ˵ʱ򣬰ԼϳӢۣô¾ͱȻˡ֮ܣΪԼ۸ơ˵ⲻ֪۸ߣȱڸ˭ء


117 ʡ·
˷׮֮, 㰲ЩŹ֣һĻ̵̻˼ûãæµԾɼ̩пʼ, 㰲ĺĴ̼복, ָֻ֮ǰ֡Ψв෹, һ, ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ڵ²ʮǰ, Яͬؾʡס˵Ůӳɻ, Щʽ޷⣬گ˵˼йһͬؾС˽̩йϽ
³ӳ
ɣ쿴Ǹ, Ǹǲӥ
ţ
еоָӥ䡭
š
ǻؾǲ֪ҪأþûмˣյĲˣ
źߡ
һ·϶ûʲô
ʵҲõ, ڹ㰲ǵʱ, ɵ״̬ǷϣͻȻ񣬻Ʋ֡˵ҪؾʵҲöɢɢ, ʱϷѵ̫, ڣľԴľԴ, Ҫѿඡ
عͷİɣֻĿ͵̱һһĵ
ɡ죬˵㶼Ѿ˹㰲ǣôģǲǸҳвˣߡԼؾˡ
һһٷеġ

ȻľԴ˷ӦʱԴϳҶӻε¡һ˵ɥ㲻æһ޹˵ҸһʱˣԼؾô졣
ҹ㣬ȥ
Ұ㡣ľԴһü
pui
ľԴüͷøˡ
Щȡ
Ǵ쳵ߵĶǵ·ԳïܴС̫һ·϶ľԹٵˬ١ǾԼߵһ·ܷأվоǱĽӦѰСƾͺ£Ϯ
ӹ㰲ǻؾʪ·ϲ룬ĵõ·ߵĹ֦ҶͣҪķΧŶ˺ü죬ɵò٣ؾԸһͬͻˣżʫȻ˷Ц
ӣҪҪ˵ͷе磬һȤģ
ͷ֮УϻqС¹УȽ칷ֵڹ㰲Э̩£ö̩
ӣû˼¹鲻³
ǰǵĶˣɿһۣǰ߻де֣ʱû˼ҡ
·иС塣¹ٶУ˵ʲôҵˣֻʱϵƬ֡ǴŶʮ˼ң󣬵ڼǰһعӡ
ɵͷֿҪҪȥ
˵ͷ̫ɹ
ɾЦˣͷ

ôôᡣ¹Աߣе㸴ӡ
߹أ¹˵иӡֻֻжʮ˼ңӹģģ·ϻиСУƹݲһӦȫе֡
Ӵι¹Щϲعͷ˵֮ǰʱӻһ̵שéأש߷
ô˵ҲЩ棬æԸٴͣϢͷ䣬Щȿھơ
˵ҲʮˣװȫŻ󣬼ССȻ䶯Ϊ˳з㣬һֱݣÿһƣʾ˴ɳطԱ߰նҪرӦ
мСӼ٣æ˵ӭӣضݡ
Ҳ˴룬ƽʱ߼үүˣŵڴ·϶Ҷ
δ֪٣С
һ֮Сطͷɵش峤ֱӵΡģǸ⻨׵ϲΡΡعڳǰЩš
ɷϵԸ˼䣬¹񴫴
¹ǰͷ˼ҷ𡣡ؾ;˵أϢϣܾ찲ʳ޹˵ȻûرܣĪΪţ˵֮໹Ҫǫѷʼ˵òǳ˿ӵģһʲô£Ƕе
ǡǣæְ¹Ļȥ˵СӣͦģҼһϣóһ
̴ӿʼһӣɼѵأԼӵжߡ
үСطûʲôɽ亣ζ¡ʳĳ˳ʮʽϹϾع˵ǵҵһЩСˣĸθڣ
ޣö񡣡һЦǳҵҲЩԵģЩȲɡ㱨ģʵϼǮá
лүл
ж㣬Ƽôˮһ֮壬־ʥԱµı¹λǾһж벻˭⸣Ȼվһ䡣
ţͻȻЩʲôֻ¹졣
С˲μүμ
ˡ
ʹˣΪж㣬ĴҲһֱһߡ
λɣվšȻɴüɹ⣬һǳƽȡ±߰ţ
ҵ˽
һڣǱӿҵ
֮ǰﲻǶʮ˼ҵС壬שéݣЩªҲûжðɣשǽˣҲеС֣仯ܴ󰡡һ߳ŶһģŻ˼Сϰգشʱ򲻸ҽһ֡
үʱȷ˵שéݺܼªĴӼ𣬱渵
˴ƫƧΪԶٵվһֱСطԼأиŮ֯ƶȴȵԼǶɴ֮ǰΪ׶齫Ӿ㰲ǣһ·ŵƽ֣طΪ׼Ŷн·һ·ݣвԫ档
ӱ·߿֮ڣֻ͢Ǯطû˽̣ǮСϡ
ӣڽüõ˵طĲݷ£¥Ʒ𣬰ǹȻҲ£һЩڴɢģҲԽԽ˶
͢йطҲйףүзˡ
ˣһ㶣˺һҡͷЦˡ
ү񽲵ĶʵĶӲ֪ԼòһЦͷŻŵġ
֪֪ġԾЦţһƵı飬Ц
ô֪
ʵ͢ݵطǶ붫е֮١Ǯʵ϶ڹ㰲Ĵ󻧣䷽ңǽڴӴ˰ΪΪϹȥ˸ݵطͷ
룬ԻĲ
ɺһڲ裬á


118 糣
ݣݣ
, 
ô죬Сqͷ˵
㣬ʲôǼС
緢١Ů
qͷ, ¹ϻɱȥˡС֮, ·һСƬƽԭ, ̲ɽˮ, ·Ҳûʲô, ñȽϿɸȸԾýһ, ˾ͳ˻һȥſԶˡ
ϻ˵Լ˾ڣʱֱԼŮãṦϡ
ƽЩֲڿ죬񷴵ӹֻˣqĮؼ, ݺݵصϻһۣЩϣǳʲô⣬Բ궵ߣ

ϻ¶ɫ, ˵
㲻ȥȥඣ
ȥȥȥ, ȥ
ϻˣһֱǶ˰죬̲ס͵Цq㣬ϻô, һԩ, Զгļܡ
֪ƢԶѣҪſ϶һµġq, ֻҲżϻǸһۣûи϶ɣ˵ȫ᲻¡
ůůġ
˵ϻq迴붫ôһһߵһĻ붫ɣγǿϻqϲŮأʱϻq軹ͶɵġȻqûôԣҲûqôᣬϻȴһӵˡǶԼ˶ܽţ޴СãΪѡ
ǶӰϻϻӰ˶ɣ
ӣඣҸ
㻰ࣿ¹Ǹúúõģզ͸ˡ
Ӵ
ǵĶԻЦһq裬ҲֻǷǳԡԹԵشqߣȫʮ㣬ЩʣԽ㿿qšq㣬ҽһС
qô˵ûӦһ˵и㣿
ҵǺ룬ҲûУֻһ۸˵ĸ硣Զ˭ƲƲ죬ֵҶȢһӣɩɩҲãġɩɩҵĽ㣬ҺãҺᡭ
qЦһ᣿˵Цء
ֻǿᣬʵĺģҿó̧ۿǰھȥǸʱ㻹ءɵҲһֱڿңҸɳȥҲչ˵úܵɸ˵ǰҹج˯ţĵغq㣬һôء
ǸңõģqɽҲΪһ佱ϲЦտֻΪŴŴ
qЦˣ֮̾һ˵˵Ҫˡ
ôƭ㡭
ãš
硣
ͷϡϡӰǴӷ϶͸Ĺ⣬һʱ֮䣬ǳҡ
Ҫؾˡ
֪˻ô
ֵͷȥԼ½ǣؼһءϾԼ뿪ǵʱ᲻á
аء
ӹ㰲ǵ˽һʱ䡣
ɲɣӽǵʱ˾һϲ¡
ӣǰгӽأźӦ׶飬ҪҪһ£¹ǰ̽ûʶԷͷǿ˼ҳô֪࣬Ǹô˵뵽һ¡
¡
û´Ӧײʢ¼ҡ
߰ɣҲ˼ҳ׵ͷˡ
ǡ
ѿƫƫʳͷ˳ִ֪صذ˽ֵȽӽǡ
ʱ򣬳еˡ
׵ʹ粵ʢ󣬶ҳʱǵˣôǺãȻ˼ҽֻʵۺ̫ӵɫĹǾհ졣ʥּ۳Ͷʵ࣬Ӧһʱ䰲šʹʲô飬ʥϣ
⡭
˻ʵ۵ʱ򶼲֪˶ˣⲻϹôʹɫеѿϾʲôֻܿӱȽǣʢ׶ڳ˰ʱܽȥ
һ·е㲻˼
ʲҲ̫˰ɡ
ʵҲǸʵ˼Ǳˡ̫Ӷ˳ڶɺ˵ǵ£Цеɶ̫ͻȻѹ
զˣ̫Ӹ硣
СǰǸйһô֪ﲻ̹һҪһȢʢôʢڰ߹Ǵˣʢݣⲻ˶á
Խ۾͵ɵԽ
ʲôʲô
λҲ̫˰ɣ
̫Ӹ硭ЩЦãʲô̹
ⶼǰĳˣ粻ǵ˺÷̫ӵļȻǵָһ飿ԼʢѿȻǽҪʵ۵ˣ첻µزµร
ţɶɲôҸ㡣Զû̫Ŷ߿˼ǶҵˣǱĻãǸΨһֶŮǸʲôˣǸӡһԺڮǣЩ¿Լô˲ô죿Ҳô
һüС̫Ӹ磬˼һûôء
ᶼܸȫɱ
áðɡãúá
ڶһԺ󣬻ʵǱпˣСǹȥʵ۵޵
ڶߣеҡ
ɡ
ţ
ϡײװ
ӣװ
ǡҪҪֵùһ㣿
Цſ˵ֻҪԼͿˣʲ˺ܺõģңԿ϶Ҳ
˵ûʽʵۣĵҲȻһֱڰο˵ʵƽʱĸ顣ǰ̫Ӷ˳⵽Ҳ廰ֻɳɷµ˵ʵۿˣҪ˵˰仰϶ɱͷ
ȫۡ
ˣġɱͷɱʮζء
ǰһҪСŶ黢ûɶ˵ĻƭģŲá̫ذ˰֡
ǵؿ򶫷ɣǶֻЦȻᶨ֡
£ǻϣҪţǲ



119 Сº
еĻʵ۶, Ӧһϵˡ
Ͼ³ɱȨ˵һ仰Ϳͷأӵλ, ӦһݼʱҪ̧ͷĽɫ
ǡ
ϯ, ŶĻʵ۰ͷ, ɵʵһֱ΢Ц, ƺĹֲ̡̫Ӷ˳, ҲһЦˣʱʱ̴ܹܺһ, Ц
ĵһоʵҲ̫Ͱ˰ɡ
ʲʿķ٣ǰ̵ʱ򣬴ʿǶôͷģ͵ʿ, ٣ͻʿǣ
ɸڻʵ۶ЦǻʵϥܳŮ, ɻ֮
ʵۿЦ, һԼͷ˵ɶ˵ھǴʿඣϳʱҲô󣬶óηޣʵ۵˵ҲܵƤ, 򶫷ʱ֮顣
, ʻʺٵģǴʿ, ͸ˡ̫Ҳ˵ЦһڣͲӡǿ̰ĻʼЩһпֲλ޽٣Ҳֲ̩Զôá
ɵĸȻְɣ
ɶÿɺã
ɻصλϣʵ۱㿪ʼлҳǿһȻ򶫷ɣ˼ɻСӹô
ûʲչˣȻúáЦˣֵвĵطҲһֱѴɣ㡣
µǿģҲ̩Уƺͻ뵽һ¡Ȼʵ۳Ĭһ̾һﶼѾˣƫӻǲԸɻ顣ӡ̫ڶɳɻǰУЩʱˣǸСӣʵۺܸˡ̫ôһԱȣ̩ɶûУԵúܹ¿ࡣʵ֪˼ֻǸˡ
Ҳ˵ĬĬŲˮ
ǻʵϲʺγأҲÿóʵǸˣҪƽ׸ıǺѵģܳȫ񲻺ã̫Զ̩С󣬵̩ϲģ̫Ӷø߸ȡҶ̩ѧãȻͳ˴һܼӡ
ʵüȻҡһͷ
ʣ
޲˵ʣֻǸɽ·ԶŮȢ϶ҪȥһպΪǴ˼ϲϲҲһ£óóȻ£񲻺ϡʵıԶǣЩ⣬̫ӵȷûϸѵ¾ʹôĻҲ̫ˣ᲻Ȣư
̫Ҳ̾һ
µغȲ裬û˵Լûᡣ˭֪ʵȴһֱⶫɣ䲻һ䣺ɶأ

ɵɴ۾һ޹
㿴¸ô

Ѷдͽ
˵ˮҩȻ췹
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ͷ
ƽʱԻֵ˽⣬ı⣬ȷܡƲƲ죬Ƕ°Ȼӵܻܺ˵ҲһȺ輧ʵϣжŮӶ֮¡һڲ˽ⶫе˵Ǽ¡
ʵ۵ͷͬ仰
˵ŮСؿʵۣ˵ʲһ仰֪˵ϲʡ
ţʵЩ档
ܳΪһ֣ʲǵǲǾܽˣ
ʵ̫ˣ˼

ɻرԷ֮󣬱ԼװǰռҡΪҡУҲ°뵽Ůӳɻ̬ͬԵ͵¡ռǱϢŵʱǰСǱƼɫӻһСϤߡ
үСˣȥͨү
ǣ
СҲ飬æǰȥȷȻ㽫Ŵ򿪣ӭ븮
ҵնԶԼҾ칲ʮ˽ȺСͨ˵ˣæӭӣֱߵǰԺţǡǰ½ΣҲյǰ
΢μ
Ī񡣡
ɵһʱǷҵЦʱ˵˲ô¡ؿ̰壬Ҳ˰ɡú䲻ڣһҲԡ
⡭ɲСҵرذ˰֣˵ϳҪһġ
úúãɿЦã˵ɡǡȽȥ
ãү롣
ûдۣҲƫӷɽմϿʽȹˮСﲢŽռңռµһۡ
ۣǾ
ƽʱ᲻ܱС۸ѽ
˵ģ˵ʵεСƢء
СѾͷͷӶǰɫûҶ˵ҵһ·ǵöԼΣ˵Ҳʣҵͬա
ͷһʱЩϰߣСһ±ŵĸĸסɩӣֵЦһ¡
ɵɵӴɵӣԶҲ˸
ôô֡նСֹһ䡣
֪λؾãҵʵ
ڼס죬ȻǾͻسˡǸһЦ˵Ǳæ뿪ʵڲסҪھգȥ㰲·ϽԶ·ʲô
֮Сҵۺӡ
Աߵ˵ǲƲһ죬˵үүôǽЩĻþûؼôһʱ䲻һúòء˼һʲŶǵʵڻʹ涼ôأô˼ҷеŲ
ҵװô˵ûûСģ

㻹˵
ɼм䣬еΡæЦŵգ˵һλǼˣˣռҾǻʼݡȻһˣǻЩȽϺãؾڡ
ҵڽ黳ͨϲؾɫûļ䣬ͱЦµļҾҲЦˣǺǰģ֪ʱò
үүӦõ㰲ߵģǶоûеСأرóԡЦڼǰ˳һֻСᡣ⻰Ҳ̲סЦˣǻڹ㰲ͷԵĻ档
ãôߵĶǼųԵĶԶ̲סһôϲԣô࣬үҪ
գԶ
ԡ
ֿʼˣǶǵĶԻЦѾ˲ʲôǡ뿪ռ̫ˣôû˶ĳĺܲϰߣٿֻܰǳ
㲻ſүԶæ򶫷ȡСүףһ£ȻһЦ
Щ͹ǳһӡ
һĵ׶ˡ


120 
ҵն˶ǵ˽ⲻҲ˵, Զǿ֪ٵģˣ仰һ£ЩӦ
ιֻΪ˸ӻ, 뷨, Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ԶͻȻжɱô, Լְwү, ɱѾͷôඣ˵Ҳ, ֻѾͷɲСӦö, ô첻µزµġ
նһأЦţɣȻ⡮Ůʲô佫ԽɣԽ˳ˣǿϧ֮䲻иӣȻòƷ, ʲôĺúϸôǺӳԺӻ߿, ܾ, ʳնôţԼŮֽѾˣ׼游ʲôġ




նˣԶû
үûʲôʯءԶСѡ
, ʯôնһʱ嶯ѺӶֶ˵, ˲⣬æЦιȥ, ضɣ˵أֻһЩϲĹŹʯͷˡүǸȤЩҵϿ֮󣬻ܸϻؼء
̵۹⣬ЩŹʯͷȻЦ
ɱնԼԶȥڼʰСħͷ˵ҪԿԼķûбû취ҪԼҲû¸ɣԸնǳȥʯߣûʲôһеĺʲ
նھУȻ֪ߵϣв⣻ؾһҲǴģƼնôһСڽϣȻʲôݡǶһܾģնʾⲻҪţֻ̾һȻҾ
Щ̻ģɼˣЩ˼
ʯ꣬նö⿴ԶˣԼĶԶߵһ߽Ļ
־أ
զ˵
ʸ¶
ţ˵
նģһʼʱЩ˼ԶΪҪʲôܱүлұ֮࣬˭֪սնߵ˰죬ֻһ䣺֪֪ʲôƫҽԷ޵ģ

꣡
ô𣿡ӵĶ˺ͷʯĶɣһǣֻնסԶڨЦԶһЮֵίģһüΪǹദԼͷ
õģ⡣նЦЦ

Զɴ۾ִ㣬ôͻȻ⣿
ѽնæ渵밡øүѳɷޣ϶ǲǣǶǹҰԲԣճǶ֮ǲõģ룬úܿϧ
Զһ£Ǻ⡣
㿴˶ĹңŮһǧһͬģжûһܰϵġиӣǵöãۼ䲻ܸҲǴ˼ңǲ˵ǻʼҡӳе㣿նһ뵽ͺܼŶӿȰ˵⺢ӻẰ˾أû
ǺáԶҲ̲ס
ǡ
̫ʵʰ
ӵ£
ôô࡭ԶնЩ߻ħˣæһ˵Щ»ԶأҡҾû°ɰˡ
Ӵá
ˣѣˡ
Ӵ
ˣѣ

֮󣬶ɱˡ˵һЩҪҪ̫飬Сħͷس½ںŶãѾһٴߣһɿ֣İ뿪ߡ

عʧ䡣
ɲڸǰûʲôء
С㡭Աߵ߿⸱ģ̲סüͷүֱضġ񼴽ֱöһ˼̵Ķ顣
㶮ʲô«һ
ôš
Ѿͷ㵽ûϲһˣ߶жмģľͷԴŶôɵءͷֻɵǶҡͷ
ûУ
Ҳ֪
ô᲻֪أô룬ѵԼ
޴ذֱ󣬳ЦЦС㣬ϲһ˵Ļôһ̶ֲ
룬ֿ˿
һ̶ֲ
ǵ˵ʱ򣬻ʱúһȥ죬һӾһʱԭû֮ǰлڼ֮ɢˡ
ĸо
Ǹвѹֻ仰ߣϣѾͷܹкöļ뷨ҪѾͷⲻֱˡ
߶˼飬ʵ˵Ļһ־ͻã
˵ѾͷҪ
ʲôﲻѽطȥأԶԺ䣬ǡáߡ
æү
Զͷ˵߰ٷǱŪֹҪ˰æţҲûʲô°ɣȥ֡
С㡭
óߣ˳ȥˡȥɣ
ǡ
ŵɣֻԶóҲֻɵѾͷšһϤеģԶֱڵذһۣŻڣ㷿˻ôȻҪҵˡʲô°ʶô꣬ҵһμ
ÿһ¶ôвУʱֻƵġԶЩ⡣
ѼӲɣ˵Ҿˡ⼤ûӦˣǷɱ֡
ιվס
˵СŲҪ㣡б¾ҰҾͲˣ
٣ôã
¶ʵȥʲôá
մܽةฮǵã¸ѾףɴͯҷǳԶ׷ĽŲʱ˼£飡ϾȻܷ
ܲܺúҽԶﲻסˣˣڶ£ɢˡҽ˺þãҾҪħˣұҪ㽲ͷû׼ԺֹҲ˵
˵ʲôųģ
˵ȥһûʲôƫ٢
һ𣿡
ûһ޵İ취


121 ҹ
̫Ӹ
ռǱΪ޵۵ü, ͷһλȴ֪飬Ծɳ֮ϡһؾҪȻΪαԺ̫⡣뿪㰲ʱ˵, ̫ڴҴԼһ˼·, ²鷳ʵ, еط벻ͨ, ̫ӡ
ǫ, ͬҲʡ
뼸Ļںͷ£һʱ߲, ɶõˡź̫Ӷ˳Цⲽ˸ƣ˽õѬ£Ϊ̫ӹõĶҸ˵Щ, ˵
鷳̫Ӹ磬ʵڹⲻȥֻ鲻, ߶ŶҲǰ취, һλ̫Ӹȡֱ̫λ£ʶȤ˳⡣
̫ӿ˿ܣȷ, 򿪻ϻ
ɶʡ
Ҫ, Ƿҡ
ôܰļ峹״ѹϾ󻼣
, һֱŶɵ̡֮
͢ɷ֮ģбŰʩ֮ӡƲɼãз֮ٶೢһ⡣
ǰĶɲ̰ĵˣԴϮλͷʲôòһˣʼҰġ
谭ı仯ԶԼ˵ֻһ־ɳ
ǷҲҴҵʵûʲôҲóʵնɱңȻ֪ɾԼԣضնݳ̫һȻûѷҷ
Щɻ󣬵նݳǷڶ̶̼귢ȨҲΪô
ɶ̫ЦˣϵƵǶѧĻﵭ˶񣬹ûѻ˵ףֻһ仰ҪסֽϣնֻһҡˣǣڡԺ󶼲ǡ
һ
̫Ӹ˼ǡ
ν֮ˣ¾ͽˡ
ɴϻۣһ̫ͨӵ̫֮ӵһ仰뵽˽ҵİ취
Ȼ̫ӱǶ°ι֮ǣ
ɺ̫ӳ
ڿҺӣҲǴһϲͨ߹İСҪ徭ι֮ߣ£ʵҲܿࡣ̫ЦˣƺЩڷܶѾǺþ֮ǰ£ԼϾĶŶɣ⣬æס飬ιѵģԣı𡣡
˶ĽʼӵܣǻʼӵĽͨա
Ȼٻʳֻκ͵̫ˡʼ˵һ仰Ӱˣвʷͻųꡣ
˳һǴ̫ӣСӴĶΪ̳дͳ׼СʱҪÿ鷿д֣͸̫ϰԼ䡣ԣӾЩȤĽᣬΪֻЩʱϢ
˴ӣ֮Ѿû˴ϣԻʵ۲ⰴմҪܶʱ򶼷֡˳СʱرĽܵܣԼԵʱ
׵ƣһĸֳͬƲ֣ܻ͵͵ظһЩĺͺóԵġֵܵĸССʱǶչ˶˳ܣԳԺ󣬶˳Ҳ
̫Ӹ˵ģҶֻҲǻʼˣעеӣжġ˵ţ䣬æֲһ䣺һᾡԼڹ˼յͬʱ̬̫Ӹ磬ϣƽҲҪ̫ģҪǧ۳ˡ
ģء
̫ȥ˶鷿ʱ˸顣
Ĳ
̫Ӹ磬㶼
߰˰˰ɣһЩ¼ģûпꡣȻһЩƪ;ʵ̫ԶҲȫ̫΢ЦţмԺ
ǰһⱥʫʲô̶ȵˣռ̫Ӹ鷿ȫˣľ
аɣѧģҲѧ·ϣûյġ̫˵űߵһǰϸģһ趫ɣһ飬ǰЩĲѧʿдģо˸̷£ҲһЩʩӡƣͷļӦ֮̿ɷУ
Ȼĸıûнĸ¶ǵɵһ˹л̫Ӹ硣

ɳʱʱѹƾݣԾɳ硣
ϻ¹Ǹʹģһ·ææ⣬˶Щۡӣѵ˹㰲ǣͺϢһհհɡŵľǼ̫Ǽϣȥռֻض죬Ѿһˡ
ร㲻˵Ҷǵǽ쵽ľءɲδϢ⣬ϻ⻰һҼǵýǵʱӭȢʢĳӲǣǲǽóװ
ǰɡѲôϻһ˵ʵʢھˣóײǸʽ˵ҹӺϲλأҲãҽа˵
Ǹһ
ҵҹӱﲻһһʱĬϻΪ⣬ԹͼӴ׵ڮ֣ǰСʱ˵Լ飬֮һι˾Ͷ˻꣡ҶչأȻˣʵҲøôõĻ£ȢﺷŶԣһСģ
ϻԽ˵ԽúгǸʵϻ֡
һۣס죬һ䣺ʲôʱŽģ
ңûа
˼ôݣ˼ˣüͷ˳ƾһϻֻûСƨûҲҪЩ˼ӺлŮϲˣû㽲ô˵ˡ
¡ϻƴһԼ͡
Сô𣿾ȻС˵Ҳ뵱˭ģʱܳ嵭һа
վڽֵϿҹգԶĳ˼ͷ˼̻𡣴ҰɣϾ״ϲ£ŷ̻أ硣
Ժͺúùӣҳĺ÷ĺøסֻϣҺҲûĳˣôǻʶѣûʲôüƽϡȻ
̻貵ĵطǿһЩĿ⡣
ŵϻ¹ֻ֪ⷬںͷվţʱҲһҹգ̻һһţпƻǺÿء
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ҹƣɫࡣҹĻϣ̻֮Եøۡ
Сүվھͷ˺þõҹգһ仰˵£˵֪ľ


122 ˰
һ, ˯һˬ
ĵһ£ǷԸķıҹ̫Ӷ˳˵ķдһšȻѾ뵽, ȻҪ֪ͨǱ, Ȼȵع㰲, Ѿʲôд, һݸ¹񣺡ȥ, ˰Ӽ͵㰲ǣмǣܺ, ֻ̩ܽ޹˵͵ˣն⣡
ǣԼȥ¹
üһۡ
ӣ
Ȼ㶼ôˣǾͻع㰲ǰɡ˴, ļҲˣ׼׼Ļ, һҪס
ס
֪, Ѿ˲һˡ
ЩʼΪ̫಻Ļˡʱ֣һƬߣԵرءڸйʱ, ̲ס̾һǺȥǵøļ, Ͼһĵӡ
˵Цأ£, ûʼʱ򡣡ߵϻ¹ҲҪֵģֻǱɻع㰲ˣ֮ǰе㲻ĵӣֱϻ˼Ȼˡ
һٴ𻰡
ӣأ
ϻʵСġ
ǲģֻǿĲѡ
ม
ϻͣһҪȥһ֢պãֿʼء
ᵽɵһâˣҶ֢أæҲʡұȥɡqڼأ
q費ֵȻϻЦЦ
ϲӣҲϲС
˵ǾúŻһЩĶ˲еġϻq֪鲻õʱСοҲСɵĸǰСӻ㡣
λؾΪϻĸɵ²ڣѺиȺҲ񻰣Ĳ£ʸɴСִﾩǵʱ֢޺˼죬շá
Ҵӳȥߣڸﰲɣͷһҡq֮ǿĹⲻϻź˵ֱţ˵Ҳڸֻ㡣һЦСӵĳܺϷ
ѽˣһͷʲôأֲ书ôСһʱ֮˵˼ϻĵǡ
ҵֿɱãһʮ⣬Ҳڻ¡qⷽһָȥܼ˵Ե޹ʹڸúòһԭ򡣡
˹ʲô°֡
û¸ɰȻ㻹ʲôȥ
ңҿԸǳȥ氡
Уȥȥqһ˵һС·ЬӣȻ涫СûϻӦҪš
ˣ
ˡ

qôضϻڸͷҲصس˱ԷšɷЩ飬ѽѽڳݲСĻͷգգۡ
q裬ϻûϵôеС£ʵĿһʮ
qĸΨһһǿסܲһʮĻ˵ʵԴ򣬶ɻûмʶ
ӣҲһʮһһʮ
ô
ĻǾʮ
ޡ
ԭǿ书ҪĶ˭ĬĬر죬ͻȻӿһСʡ
ô
ɱСһ·ֱߣ˳žֻƣϷִѿǣҲ棬ǶҲȤһһСӡq赹ĬĬظں棬ʼһ˵Ķһ˫۾ضһ࿴һ۵Ļͻᱻһ
q㿴
ɺСϬѡͬһż˶ЦɸǾżͷq裬qŽл̻һ飬ģͬ´һĺЦݡ
żҺϲأЦˣлɣͷԣ
á
qЦǶˣ̧ͷСʱֱˡۡɰͰ͵ؿڷʣǮ
Сŵö˶
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࡭л
۲˵qǸҲûеģqһ켣Ůɱ֣ôͿһţ˳ƺޡ
ϻСܰqȢֱ漣ðɣôһɽȻϻ滯ˣ
ˣյ̵ʯһ壬ȻˣҪ˳ȥȡɣ
qһü
ӣϵʯζȫģҲϺʵصģзƷö˶˵ģôȥʯˣΪ˿ռˣһ߰˰ӵķѪq˲ûѪ񶼳ˣôɡ׽
ɰ˰֣͵һҲȥµĴʦˣʱʦ忪У˳ʲô֮ࡣ
ϲ¶Ϊ룬κκõĶһݡ
q㣬ܸмôСһӣ⸣ܲܳܵסأqŮСԴؿ

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նȻþãС˺üأһʱЦһʱ̾⣿һ£֪뵽ʲôȻӦ
ա̣
үʵʧˡնϽһԼĿˮ󣩣һЦʧԶӭʵڱǸ
ûû£Ҳֻʱ˵ҪôܹءɱСʱһ£СĿնܵŮҿһǴģһˡ
նͷ򶫷λʣ֪һλݵǡ
ףҲ
รһģӿ̳ء
q΢Цһ¡
һΪүϲСأǿôãӦúϲնʱһºӣЦرСûж룬ֻΪնļ亮ѻʵش𣺡СͦõİϲġԵԾ棬ĵ׶ĸǰˡ
үϲӾͺãϲͺã
նЦĪġ
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ôˣ
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Ѳϲӣʮ¶˵˴Ŭһȡܻܵã
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123 һ̾
ո, Զҵڹа£նѲֻ̣ڼСģ֪ɩɩڼ, һͬԶԺӶȥ
ظᵽʯæ, æ, ˵Ǳϣܺúõ, 㻳СүǸ˳Ů, Ҳ˵ĻĴ
Ҳûʲôر, ǸصˣɱȲŶһ㶫أһЦ
æһߵСѾͷܵߣ䣬ֻƸҲʱû˳ҷĶ, Ǽһ̫ˡҲûɶ˹ر򵥣Ķͱȥ, Լ
Сʳ, ʥ϶ʲôûЦοӣһͷþͿС
һ, ɩɩô֣
һ, Цɵ
ץһʣ֪йɺԵֹ¡ռ, Զڴ֪٣͸¶˵֪ɶԴǷݳ⣬ǲ֪ģӶɴӭȢʱӭһ㣬֪
ӭǷףǱҪ
ɷӭȻǰҪġ
һ䡮Щ
谮֮Ա
ôȻ׵ġؽӹѾ߶Ȳ裬û˶֪Ʒԣ׽ˣ϶˽۲㣬˶ó

죬һڲ裬ģ
Լôǿ϶ġ
ֻû⵽ԭ˶ܿôƽʱѾⱣྴĹϵ
סǰ˵Ҹ֮²˱֣ԺܶʱҲܾŲ豭˵Ͼ˶һ֪ˣܻ˵ǼٻүҪ
⻰صЩ⡣үǻһദˣῼģЩǰڲƽ̫ԼʥϡҪΪʼ˵ı£±Ͼնġ
ҲǡЦһ
˵ļ϶һСѾһɫںڵҩм䡣̣ҩѾˣǳȺ˰ɡǡ˵ȥԱŵǹζ;ʡһüʣô£ɩɩ㲡ô
С֪СѾߴ𻰣Ǿ򿪵ķӣ׳~ֻҪ̷ٺúõӣöþͿԻСүء
Ϊؼ޵ռҺ󣬶ӳٳûϢʶ˶Щżҡҩ飬û֮ǰѾвٴոܣһһ˸ϡǵ˵صû⣬ԶҲû⣬ΪγٳӣغԵ
ǣҲԹ²ΰݣԹȥֵ۷㣬ݷ
ˣԶԼۣ˵ҲҪæµ֮۵صӡͣЩˣǱߣǻᰵЩвҩ
̣ȺȰɡ
š
ȻǸˣǶڳĻӲ档棬üͷһ½ҩ꣬׷࣬Լеܡ
̡СѾ߸һ治ɫؽӹһǡ
˰ɡ
ǡ
СѾ̲֮ס㾶ֱסص֣ŵеӡ

ɩɩǲԸ⣬ʵίԼʲôѵֻҪŬôóǸ˿Ҳ˵ڵˡԶҲǣôͷԼҷ˳ҪЩҩãͷܣңɿ~
Ѿͷ˵ؽһֱֻϣȰ繫·æЩܵȫҲΪҺãոӣ͵Сùˣô
СùǲҪίɩɩǾ˵ȥˡƲ죬һˡ
ϧһԴ˵Ǹɵ

ǹ㰲
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Ӵ̩үɫôôڣô춼ۣ
Се㺦£û취յֵ̩ɢ籩ӷӷ𡭡Ψеŷţ̩үд㷢ƢҲǧСЦӷӷ𡭴ȴ󱯹ӷӷ𡭡
Ҫˣ
ͻȻһŭСʼδһʱǹڵأ̩Ϣŭ
ƽʱôͲɶôأںˣɶڣһĲ꣬ѳɽԱػһ֣̱λϣɫƣ롣Ĳˣɣһҹ㶨
ʵҲûʲôҪɱйߵ飬ֻǵãԼһ˴ǳȤ
뿪Ѿࡣ
ϻس̣ƻõȸࡣ

г̾һ
̩үϢŭ̩үϢŭ
ڵϵС̻ʲô£ʱµҪǶһؽϢŭһ£ֱӲƼſһˣڷɣʲô
ǡǡСսս
첻ˣ֪֪Щ֪汾ȥ¡ʵú⣬һʱѵƽ²ҶԲҶС̡һһԴش̩үСġСҲ֪š
ƽʱܻЩµ˽ȤŰɣ
ǽʱСĶҵǰ
Ϊʲô
СС³ײˡ
С˵ҲǼᣬ΢΢ÿ֮ǰҪͣһԼ˵дۣͦʵġ
ԺҪԼײˣӽǱߵ̣ʳ֪Ա̹֮ŮȻҲʸȨƵС̿ž۸˵ģвģȱˣ㽫Ϊá
Сһ£ૺþãżԼҪл
л̩
ɣ汾ȥ
Դӵ̩үеӿɹòǺ̹뵱ھǣ˵Ϊ̽鳯йԱҪĶ鼮ٹ򣬿ѵɱָ輧Լݳһӵӣǹ֮ŵĴж٣ΪȥǱ߲䷹ûԹϽ֡
ڸˣǷ绨ѩʴʲôˡ
ִһֽȣվڹ㰲ǵ¥ǰһ


124 
΢Ѳ, ˼źСִ̣˶ɵȽš
ԭȽҪڸЭģ˵дȽűԸͬǸʱ, Ҳ⵽Ա칷ǺģеһЦ, Ե, Ȼ֪һ֡Ǹϲֵ, Ƚŵ, ȥϸϸСӡ
¥طǰ컹Ǻҹ, ĹӸܶࡣ
ĸģڣһ߹󣬳ŵļ¥ǰСȻмӡ¥ţһѾͷӣͷһ, ƼڶȽš
Ƚ¥ɲס
һ뷽үͻڶαŮ޽, Ŀ֮ͱ˷ү, ˵ԼүԸͷһ죬ٿȽǰӢжýֺͷ֪Ӧλ׹ݡƽƽ̩үˡ
, λ~治ɫ, ЦȰϡ
񡣡вһЦֽȴ, ǳͣ¡롣
빫~Цñá
룬׹ݡʮа˾ž̩ү
빫ǵһ¥ɣءЦֵģͶˡ㰲Уĸ֪¥һһ֮أƾ빫ϲô~
⻰ˣ٩ҪϵӸժô
빫˵Ц~
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Сү¥£Ӱ⡣
زɥ¥٣һӲǸǸԹֻϣԼȨӵܣ룬ӲŸպһЩ̩үˡ
һޡ
˵͵кðɣܽûͽû˳Ӿ˳Ӱɣ˵ģ޲ڡޱԾʱã˵ʲôŮǷǣֻǰǷүʵ֡
යඣ˶ȥˣҲ˵𡣡æΧֻصŮ̾һ㳪ģӦþ̩үɻЩүǰˡˣϴǸҲڣ͡Ǹµġû˵¡֣¥ָıǷ顣
һ٣û˵
֮ڣоֱſڵλ£վֱ̫ϯ
үⲻ̫
ѽɣôô໰з˸ۣҺбһҽģǾҳԣҺȣ֪

ѽｲֻˡ
ˣƽﲻĴҲ˳ڡ϶Ӱģһˮһˣ¥Ƿ֮أ¥໰ҲеġаԵͷԼοûԹƦģ治֪츳Ȼ
Ƚڶеֱϣһ£Ϊеƣвˡ
дۣ
ðӼ¡ȽŻرò̬ǫѷ
ʲôðģֻ̫ԾһԶ࿴㼸ֽۡȵһȽŸǰľƱ˵ԼҲϰɣȺһ
ȽŶͷһȽơ
Ϊ¶С߷̣СףʱүּǸСӵʳҲǳ£ϰǲҲ֪Сǳţ߲ܸͨѾСӣ°Щµ£һʱҲĲ˾ƺȽŷ򶫷нͣбˣһֱͷ鲻
ɶߵ˻ǺðͻȻðһ󵨵뷨輧֪ɶϲϣǲϡ輧һҲɰϾһӺǸŹ˻ڷ뵽˴оеûڡ
УɶعʱһҪһ¡
빫ӣ~
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վűϸ۲죬Щ˻Ǿ̲סЦֻǹˣ̩үôǶŮ˲ȤƵģµˣķӦҲֻһֱ涫еƣƱյǡһԣ
ɿһ
Сӣ㲻ϲǸô˲עʱкȽŽĻ
Ƚһ㶣ү
ʲôǲ֪ġҸ˵棬ѰѹءҡžƱһ죺ò̸ҲС㲻⣿
ȽűֻعͷȥޣǡһָۣԿ𴦡
¡²⡣
мЦ󣬱֪СŨҡҡͷָһ
һȷ⣬һȻһ¶ḡ̬֮ƫƫⳡϻ⣬Ϊ˿ޣһ룬־̩үԲźµͷҲ̧غƾơ
ˡ
ɫ޵˸
빫񡭡޿һʱȸղŽʱҪҡ˼أƽЩؿڣСŮޡ֪빫ӽմЩʲô
еĵһӦͱһߵȽš
Ƚ⧲˰뱭ˮ
ӡȽЩΪ飬̧ͷޡ
ͳֵİɣʲôУֻҪЦЦֳС̻˻֡С̻⣬±㳯ȥһոµĶʮӡ
Ӵ빫Ǵ~𱿪ЦˣŶеĺɫһм㡣Ͳ빫ˣзԸǰС˴~ﰡɵúúź빫ӡ
ǡ޵Ӧ
֮ʵжûôֻǺžȥЩû񣬶˿ҲҲýζһ̾ת뵽ֵķң֪ôźá
ȽŲеʼң¡
к¡һھƣǷôǼһӺꡭ
ȽһҲ֪λش
˵ǻ׹ݣԴҶء֮ǰ¸һʱҲ鷳̫˳ŷӶȥˣҰݣ˻᳤
ǰе˵ͷǻһͻȻ뵽Щʲô
£նġ
Ƿңôǻ׹ˡ


125 ԰
ǡ
ǱߴԼһʱ, ƷʱߴС߽С, үqˡ
۾һ, ۽ⷢ͵Ц
ȡšôˣ
˵үȥʯꡣ
มǿװ, ϵСѾġؿ˵, ֻ̾һ, Ȼһ̨ףȻүˣȥɡҲҪæ, һʱҲˡһ˵һЦϵʰ̣˲裬ʾͿ͡
һ࣬Сܳš
ɵѾͷ
ݸ
ֻһϵʱûŶɣľͺǼ尾һֱ룺İʲôʱŻѽ, ɿкܶҪæѵûһˣкܶŲ°ɡì, ڸղ˵˵ʱ, ųȸԾ޲̳ڶɵǰ
ߣҪ֪˯úòã
롣
ɣ
ţ
ฮС԰ŸСͻ, , תͷɼһӦЦ, Ȼ󿴻ػСޣһƣ˭ˣСһҲĻ˿ȥԲĴ۾һضţˮҪ
æӸһ£ôء
߽ɵߣҲŶŪЦÿġܺأǣôеѿǵм
һһС
qأ˵qҲô
q˵鷿ȥˣΪҽյʯ˸͸˵Ǳ߸һ֮ġɰѻ˵ȻһһЦԴôͻȻˣҲûӦ
⡪һʱЩִ٣ЦԼеţ˵ֻƽաƽպùֵֹģǰ̰ɣЩ⡭
ɵӡһͷ

صǣܾãԼǻص˸ʶʱ
ڹ㰲ǵĸоһϾסڸϦദÿ˵صǣ߹ͻǰĹ£ԼҪÿฮܣҪке㺦ߣǶϤԼ⡣
ͷСؽСֻ㱧ɣұ˴죬Щˡ
Ȼ~˸߲ҵйСһֻźֱۣһСһ뿪ɵĻͿʼƲ죬Լתƣ۵ؾͿʼлˣſϣͷޡء޵ǽһίԱĶɡ
ӴôͻȻ
ô֪㲻ϲ𡭡
ǲΪ̫װС
ɣ

һȭͷɳҴ˹öЦˡ
նqӻ԰ĳԶԶƼ԰д֣δǰһһɡЦÿС㣬㣬Цš


ϰΪq赹ǿýζ΢Ц֮࣬е㵣СӳȥšʱṦ񱼵׼ɡߵն򿴵﷢ëָͷһذţһΣΣΣĴΡԽ࣬Խֻܵһƽq裺λ
˵
⡪ѾͷƽҲô
ţqһüָү֣
ԡҪǣѾͷƽʱҲߺүôնڨЦ
ءqЦЦֵƽ㣬ѾϰˡʱϢڷСܴӶԺͥ
qԽЦƽնԽš
ɶɶ
ն˵ЩˣѾͷôô˵Ҳ׺οնֺֹ̧ԼŮĻĵΪqֿ£˵𼱣

үģ෴үϧӡã֣ʵͦõôүҲܾûзſֹ͵ڽѹڷԼɡqЦˣº͵ŶǱߡնƶǶȰ룬ԼҲôԶĺг档ȷǶ˱Сģرܰ
նͻȻԼĿһʱЦˣһʱҡͷ̾
ûӵİ취ź
ϣһֱȥһֱүүҲһֱֻҪܹһֱ۰ô׵ģҲ֪ӡ
ɣб¾ͲҪң
ҿûбšСЩ㻳ءӴ
±Ҵ˰ɣٶ㣬ٶҾÿ
ұͺÿ
ѾʮˣҲˣһһү⻭桪ฮﲻҲԶԶվڻܶЦqӿɿȥˣϾⳡԽԽѿƣʧˣҪһԼŮ
õģԱ㡣
ݵһ£նûü壬λqһԾ˳ȥ࣬ܵʯľ߱ڣѵˮ㽵䶫ߣһ̹Сʽͣסˮն̲סƣ̾á
СͲˣҲǱɺĴָֽ֣ʱЦqһºӵԴһ
ӣȻϲԣҪȫ
ɣؿ϶Ҫҵϣ
qң
˭Ȳ㣡
ţȻλӲûп
q̾һǰΧ۵ԽԽ࣬æ˼˵ӣǿˡܣ˶ܹˡ

ɻعͣ£ʼδ˶˵˶ɵĻ˳ƽסԼ˸
qüģӣԼŰɡ
ǡö֡ɵۿ˿һЦһǲ˵Щʲôġǰɣ
죬æѻ
תһԼϵնҲһ߿ƵƵͷ

Ҹطȥ
ô˵ģүȻ㣬үү֣˿ȥʲôүûп֣ô죿Ȼq˵ؽ黳˽µʱնǽѵһͨƲƲ죬ıôֻ࣬ùɵصͷ˵ŮҲˡ
Ҳôᡭ
´δʱһҪ֣ȻɻԽԽġ
ҪѧһЩ֪ô޴ӷ򣬶ұˣΪʼˣע㡣
֪ˣ
Ϲ˵֪ڷǲǣѾͷΪ֪Ƣ
֪ඡ
ҾͶׯһ㣿
С̡


126 Ҷͼ
ùűҹ, ŶɻصԼСԺʶȤ½˳ȥ뵽Ҳˣq಻, ҲԸлظ, ɽҹฮס, һӦ, ľͺˡ
ɰ, ˮѾ׼ˣȥԡˡ
, á
ȻߣɲûȫԼȥԡʱɺȲִڵ·ģʲôʷǣֻһЩʫҲýζ, 
ؿͻȻðɺ͵鼮Сһ, ȴҪĶЩѶ֡ȥ, Ȼˮˡ߽üͷ
ɿ۾ԹԵصͷ
֪, ¹ߵˡ
ˮ, ͻȻ¡¹뿪Ѿһʱˣ޵, ;վϻʱӦҲ·ɡ̾һͻȻܷΪ뾩ôԶ̫Ӹ˵ķӼֱã֪Ƕ°ܲԼܣôȵɵִӦѾɫ
˵ν֮ˣ˵ľǳ׷Ϸ˵ļֵڰ
ҵĴ󳼶ǿǶϣͼ棬ǱΪ顣ҵһâȥЩԻɢٳ·
Цҡҡͷôõ飬̫Ӹһ仰ܽǶ㣬Ȼôô͡
һһˮˮˣɲŻعˮվ𣬲ӻµ¿㡣
һף˵ǰľ
ϵŶǶӣͷƼĺҶͼȻԼһҹƼģ৵һº롣
үԡ𣿡
ͻȻѾ˵ö˼ϵۡˡϰԡʱ˷̣֮Լϴ裬ֻԡ֮ҹฮɸһȰȰµѾ߲ûиֻţ¶ɳʲôʧ
ëһ߲űˮմʪķңһ߳
үЩЪϢСѾ߸˾ְʰ궫֮㽫һµëݸʹãùȡأˡҶ̧ۺͶɶӣȻҲѾͷǾ̧䣬е㲻һ
ɢһͷĶɣʱʵѾһ̡
ûȥǵĻӣ۾᷿ȥһˡΪѾ˯ˣڷŪʲô˭֪ӳģ˶ڴ齱ߵĻ档һɫ£Ьˣ˫Ȳ£˫ֽϣ΢΢ͷ»֮ҹȺļơ

üͷһ壬ֵֹġ
ƣѾаʱˡ
ӶɳԡһЬ࣬˶ڴߣϵ飬ϰΡǶʵ̫ĥߴ˰ɣղŲȵƤӺԴҪһߣɾŶ롣
ҳ뿴ʲôӦ
㡪ֹһӦǻԼʲô飬Ȼʲô飿ŹŹֵֹģѵʲô岻ɣϾĻ̫ˣʱǸľԴѽУҪҴ·򵥵㡣
̧ͷȻֽߵصͷȥûӦ

зһ۾ֽԼһ顣
ôҲ벻ֻΪնļѵͻ룬Ҫһ¶ׯĸоСүվǰ˺ܾãչֵĶׯӶֻһ˼Լǲ¡
ʯӦûë֪ʯΪ͸ֵ֧ġ
԰ǺЦˣҲͦģǡ
ʱûûаɣһֱûء
Сүʵ벻ˡ
޹һԴƵض£ȻԼ߷ŵ̧ͣ
ţ
ҡǲʲô
ᣬҧһ´Сֹˡ

۾ܿõÿ˵ԣôʱ˿̣ɵͷϾһľͷǶϣժԼôõĶׯֲ׷ֻðͷڵһ߲ɣȻţ˫Ȼϡ
ľګתͷȥе㲻⡣

תͷȥʱǣ¶Ĳӡϣ͸΢ĹƼ¶һīɫ˿Ǿ϶Ƕӡʶһº֪ΪξͻĻ棬һȣͻȻϵľٶ˵⡣
̽Եغһ
˵Щ
Цȥģôô֮ҹҸͷģ
รƳһֿۣԭӲʲô֮ҹʲôҸͷ˼ҹٽһθͷǲǣ
ս֣üͷ˽᣺ô˼ĺˣѾˡ
Ļ˭˵ม
ĻŲʲôĻ
ҵİӿ
˵ֿתЦݡһͣһֱأأ˱Ӷվֱߡ
ͦϣһֱǴ֮ҹģΪǸʱһһӵĸо
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֮ǣɵֲ֪ʱľָ£ڲϵ˿ѿˡʶǶɵסĺԣǵᣬǵϸ壬ܲˣҲѡһһ洲齵£һ߬ı죬һֹ˶ɵĲӣҪԼ
ʱ򣬲֪㲻Ƕׯ
ԺͻȻðôһ仰
ǶɵľٶֻϢŵǰ龰߬Щʲôȡһʱɵ죬һʱץŶɵĺ󱳣ʱʱᣬһûһµġ
ϴģͼ
ߡʲôѣ
ްЦˣֻԼƣ
Ϊʲô˵ǰӢѹ˹أϸ룬ȻĵʲӢҲǾӣ˿̰֮£ĸԸϵһжֵڻڣüۻǼõϲţûлԶǺõġ
һǣﱻӳ
ɫһͼȴ޶С¶ǣͷ


127 ¶
ݣ
㰲ǵĳžǰ, ¹ſƾŶɽͨƾ֤һ·ͨ˳רӼźĹٵ빬ȥӾǵ㰲, ¹ֻһʱ, ·ϳ˲, ûЪϢ, ÿһվ㻻, ˫ﲢߣ˦߸, ص㰲ǵƨɶóѪۡ
źҪ̩ƣ
¹̩ͣ£Ÿеվȡ̩æȥһ˲һӴ¹, ɱڳʲôģˡҲʲôҪµøϵز¹һԼͷȻƿ, ǿž񣺡÷, С̩үҪ
¹ֱӽȥɣ̩үӦ鷿
á
̩鷿Уؿ˶дš
¹±һֱûҳ, ˷ڵ, ͻȻúۡˣоһʯ, ŵ״̬õͷţȫڴ˿˷ӦҲᣬҲۣͷҲ
ûֽ֮ۺãһߡȻֵ뷨Ǹһģҵð취Ȩơ̾һϧԼͨһʱ̫ˣɶҪæ¹ŵ¹ЦӾǸ˶೤ʱ䰡֮ǰż˵ɶӦøյûǡʲôʱʵ̫ӣʲôʱŻع
ǵûзӦû
¹񣿡
ûзӦ
ߵС̼״æȥλʲô¡̽ͷһۣС̿Цãش𶫷Уүλ˯ˡ
ҡҡͷ
ǽ¹뿪ľǣһ·˫ÿһվ㻻һҹӳ̣ƥóѪҲмҴơ¹һһҹûкϹۡС˵
۵Щ죬±ֹ߱˯ŵ¹塣
ɶԽԽãԽԽá
ġ
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Ե¹һ˯ѵʱҹɫѰԼԼϸһԭѾĸ졣¹ԴӴ𣬸оָ˲٣ѹŷּꤡ
ʱӦвٻֵɣ
¹߳һƣվſ¹⣬̧ͷһʱһįȾƵӰСӡ¹һ䡣
ԼźȾƵˣ칷
ҹõֵֻڴϷȥ˯ţԵװ˵ƣԼܵݶϺȡһɹ¹һߺȾƣǸж⣿칷ֹһھƣеɬе
벻ƸȾ˵״̬Ҳǻйġĵʱȵľر˳ڣȶٶûиоֻøˡѹʱɣȻ˳ڣֻǻһζȵö࣬ζҲ࣬Ȼͺѹ칷žƺЦˡһκȵľҲǴζô飬ǲҲܿࣿ
£ֺ˾ƣһʱ˶ûֱһռζƵشƮűȥһˣԭ¹
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Ҷ˯ôˣȻඣƽʱǸ缸˯ʱ͹ҿ˯߸ʱ¹ҲЦˣСĵ£ȻʼŪ׼ռ·ϰ·ϡ㲻֪˰Ӽ治˭ģһˡ԰㳶˸ȵݸ칷칷Ȼؽӹ
Ͼӽ飬֪ʲôԼ·ҲҪ񡣱˵İ˰Ӽ˻ỻˣǲģһ·ϲҽȥ
Ҿ˵֪ĪҲ
ռζͦģġ
ҵõģӦǰյļһ
СӣóԵģ۲㰡
㲻Ҳ˺ľƣ
⡪
ֵܶ˶ЦˣҧһռȣץžƺЦ˺þá
ܾû̸ˣÿӵİΣ⣬ÿ£ֻҪݶϴҹ磬ռžơ칷Ǹпǳ̾һɣ˯ݶϡ
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֪δͣűǼĺֻصסĸҹڵúܣ΢¹ƺ󣬰ΧȾī¹žƿ˺þõѾһյʱ䣬Աߵ˲е㶯һ
ȽŶôˣʲôģ¹ͷ˵˰ɹ磬ֵܸһģӵˣʲô鶼зִ磬ϹʲôŶܷʲô󲻳ɣ
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칷ķҵ̾һԴɵݶ
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칷һʱ֪ôش
ιһôȾҲң
ͻȻһл칷¹뿴ȥ˼
ǰ첻Ҫ˵ҲҪ˵ˡ¹˵ЦˣȻ󿴻ص£˵Сӣô첻õֵ𣿡
ðֻ֡
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硣
ţ
ôˣȽȥɡԼ˵£Ҳףʲôʲôǣ˶ıġ
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ǡ
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ǳ˸Զ˶࣬û˵ĻǲɣװϵӣֻǼ򵥶̡ԶǷŵÿЩƤЦ˵Ժɵµ㣬ôǸˣǺְҴˣʲô
ƽʱƢԣ϶ԶһȭŲԼĸ׵ļ䶣ĸʵĻӰ죬ҲȦ졣ҴˣҲûУûء
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УҲŲҪԶĻΪЦûô˸С
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Ҹæ꣬Թ㣬˳رԷЦţһ۱Ƽزһ۽ǣֻ㶨ҾͻЩʱڣһġû£ѹĻҾء


128 
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붫ıҵļƻѾԤ, Ž¾ǱϢȻΪ磬һٳˣĵһѩЩ, ʱ˼ҹ, һҹ, 㰲װع, ˺þõѩ
, ѩôôˡ
ĸ룬ɱˡվڴǰ谵ɫ, ̾һѩǺõģ´ЩܶũаˮˣǽѩҲ٣Ҫʲô磬εЩ, ȴҲ˿ûв
ɣ㵱
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ЦЦ
СħͷճʱģһֻСè䡣
Ҫϳô
ҪأôҪս, ʼЦſⳡѩҹͣ糯ǺͻֵһôڸȾƿòˡ
ֺȲ˾ƣָһ¶ɵıӣЦáЦһ㻽Ѿ߽ϴ¡
µһ찡
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λү֮ѰշԸ̲Ҳһ그̷ľ˳ھвĵطȫλүá
֮ûлһʱ䣬а㱻滻Ϊִͬͬзʽ̷Ƕɵ˼հ䲼ʱȫ˵Ȩι˵һжһʱһģҲĸԸһµڹж̼켸ҹ׫ɾģٴƳٵڸطִУĸ֮ļࡣ
š࣬ûаϲá
еĳ㿴ңҿ㣬ֳ˵ͷҺ
п³ʱһԼĶ䣬ĸೣζ⣬С
λүҪࡣ
˽Կ
붫ɶһۣһ˵
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үûڻش𣬳ǵ˽µͷ⣬˵ȷ
ûзӦڵȳζĺ仰
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һЩҵĳӣûǰ¶ڹϵȻҲױ¶ԼҲ뷴ζĻԺɷأЩܻ֮һЩ׾ġԽδתˣУŶɶһݣ˵޳Ļ
ζǰ˳бЦˡһ飬ΨԵΪ
һֱĬһߵˡ
Ҳ㿪ڡ
˵ģǻԱŴˡ
ͷŵλү¶һ뷨รһǸƷְλĶ֪Ҫ쵽ʲôȼȥ
㰲еķңʵǾʱãԭնּïԭïӵܴܲӾΪ٣Ϊס࣬Һ֮УԱԴǣߵ̲ͬסͷֱͣ˵ǰǷǾʱãؼ
ೣζûлشǳĬõĶλүһ붯һӡů¯еˡнüȵȹ£
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ڳӷ׷׵ضݣµĴʯשһı̼ųǵϥġ˲һ˵ԵʣΨǼԽתԼҵҲⶫеġʣŵĻԱ˵ˣڵϣΡΡү˵ʵ
ѵҲǾʱѪǲܡЩ˸£ļദ꣬ïǲѵ붫һٷңȻãǷҵĴǲʵλүǻëСʲôڷǣ
ҲŴ˿úµԭ
ԱߵĶֱЦˣŹصĴ󳼣Цر𿪻˵
ʱãʱãŴǱ紵Ϳ˲ɣҶңֺһжïˣЦЦǺЦ
һϵ˶סˡ
ǻԱŴˣʱ򣬲ŷӦԼǵĵһֱԼ͢ҶԷԭ򣬾⡣ǣնɾֱ˵ʱáĻŴ˳˺þãૣǣǾʱ
֮УӵܺˣŮˣ׼¼Ҳмءн϶ɵĻվⲽǰԾӸµ̬ŵµĴ󳼣֮ˣҶ˴壬һк֮٣ʶȣѪСïһ£Ǵ֪Ҷϴû֣Ѳɣ˭ȱһҪ
ʵ۶굱ףͽͬµִĨȥŵţɱɱЩǷϣǶӵлسΪٵʸҲǶҵˡ붫һƲ巽ݣֶ֮ݱȵϵĶꡣ
Ϊ˵ⷬǷҪȫռĿܡ
Ͳڻ֮ϵˣȴܱԾʱĴԴð֮踡

ڴرεʱһʿĴ˳Ĭгһֻۣʿ첽УһŶ붫ɾ𣺡λүǴϲѶڳΪСӣϴϲּͬ죡
һЦᱲã³Աˡ


129 СԸ
ɢ糯ʱ, Ƕ¡
ڴΪ˵˶Ѻˣ̩˵˵Ļð˻ϣ۹ְߵһռ, ̲һһᡣ, û¶ŵĵʶȤض㵽Ⱥͷ, һʱ֮Ҳ֪òǱߴšֱλү˵˳, ǲŸȺϹϾ˳, ɫš
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֮ģ˿̾֡
Ƿңھ, һôڣ
ȻѾڴ֮Ϸ˷ҵݣֶԸǵĴ̷ǿ϶ҪܸصĴòǡһü, ֳ, ʵǷҼҴҵ󣬸Ǻܶࣿ
üǰͷӶŮ߰˸, 檳Ⱥ, ҶѾߣֲȻࡣдһ, 뵽ǲҪˣ
ɶ
ôˣ϶۴СҪиɣ
ȻӲġ̾һ⣬ǾΪѣǱҴɡ֪㲻ͽɱ¾ҲϣԼմѪԣҡ
һֱţ̧˺ôľģڣ̫ӸңȨ߱Ҫʱ͸ĺնݲҲֻΪԺ»ѡţһʱѧʮ֣ҲϣԼѧɣѧΪȫ֡
һЦˣЩοҵĻվҪأʲôʱаǷδñ㶨ᣬ֮
ãһЦ
ϳϳǰ˵Ҫ⣬磬гͻһͷĻͷѩ븮ȴֺǺǵġ
ɶȥ鷿·һĻԶԶسԼ񣬱ǰȥ
ү
ţˡһ߽һߴųߴЩƫףŴ멣ֱһ۶Ҫ˯Ļֿ˵ôҲ£ץΪʱڶġ
лүģЩܳ΢΢ӣϾ𽾰ɫǰСĳʱҲûӣ뵽мһ׵⣬˭֪мǰͷиӸ˼ͷߺҪС̹ȥϸӲһͷٺٺ١
籦ӢۣڳµĳӣʵʳĻҲϲԽɣ̿껰Ҳûɶ˵ģתȥõȡ
ү⡭ʹã
ǰүСƤ񣬲¡
ͳﶼһ֣ԼûôĹͣܲ𶫷ɵʹ͡ɵǲЩֻõ˽͵ϡ
˭Ѫ֮ѩҲˣԼСЩƲƲ죬͵ЦˣǾԼ֮ϵóЩˣͦϲȵģŪһ¾͵ǽǵʹˡ
С
Сүôһ
Զܾˣǻͳﻹԭز֪ػͻȻŵССӵԸүһģһ˵ȻϸִУǶԴģСӸղһԼСһʻӣﱶůүǸùء
ɲǡԱߵĳﴩ£ҲŶԶķϧүߵ̫ˣǻڡ
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ʻ
ඣ˵ˡͷôʣǻеæء߰߰ɣ˳ȥҫһү͵£ʹ졭
鷿
ߵ鷿ʱ򣬷ů¯ѱãһţһ˱ϯڵϵı˪Ѿжң涫ɽ˴멣ȡ鷿¼Ϸšǹңʶụ̂һֱѾ
ȵ㾩Ǳߵ֪ͷУ
еģΪ
á
ж˵ĵ׾еСˡϧʱ̵ģΪѰʵСԸÿһСԸܱ㣬ﻹźǰСԸͺܶ࣬ѽ˵һ仰ѽ
΢ֻҪˣͺܿġ
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ûжЦֻʮֽһ߿һպīʼ¼úܡ
㷽ôúȥδӣҲ˼ټҵָôƴá
ҼҵҪȫ乫ɵġ
ǡ
˵˷ҵݣɵӶ֪ķֻ򷽼ҿɣҼҵյ⣬ֻ»˾ͶΪ˷ǮΪ֮ɱˣʵֻһ˽
ü
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ҪȻѷҵǮúüһطȥ޽ٵӰӣ
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զ죬ѵŷҵǮˣһһ
ǲڹ㰲ǵò
ò֪ϢĻ᲻˵ƫĶˣӶĲ룬Ȼϰվûſԣ
ͷ۰ͷۡ
˼ңͷʱע⵽жվԼ±֯ͷĪҶжŪһЩǰһʱ򣬶ڸл빬ǴͷӷʽܾñŤ˵Լж˽үѾϲˣӸԼӡжЦˣֻںŮҵķ٣֮ױѾͷֶ죬˵ϳĻ̩үվһ
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ߣһŵùˣŷҵǮȥػΪƥȻһӣͲɣëʲֽϹ죬ͣһϼˡء֡
ˡ
ʱŻȻ𣬽糯֮ǰʿ˵ʲһСӣ
ƫǸСء
ǸСһŻúҸСӵĻλֳâ¶ǵӣСʵֻܲºӲ̫ù̾һͻȻСӤ;


130 С
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˱Ϊ¶ϲ, ǿʵߴܹɫ, ˵Цˡʹ, ƺ͸ҲϲñΪ, ձźڵ﷢񣬸̾Լ;ⶡ
ӽԼʮʱʵ㵽޵
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һСͨ졣ʵ۱ڻҲֻ˼ۣǳʽеЦЦͰѺͻʵ۽ʮ꣬ͲʮʮԼӻἤ㵸ͣڵģǼҹ£Ͱգοϥĵճӣӡôۡ
ӵĵʵпĹġ
һǸյ֪ʱϢ˳ٳ˶Ϯλ£һӳʱ̫ӽǱִǰףϢ˳ˮ涫Ǵֵĵطʵ۶ӵ֮žĵԼһЩ鷳
ϡϻỨʵ۶ԺӴЦݣ΢ο˶٣ʻʵۣ֪ǵĺȡʲô䣿
ʵһʱЦݣһ
Ծһڴؿ
֣ʵе⧲Լ¸ˡ
ޡʵ죬ֿеĶӣ˼áЦѭѭԸϮ汲ǵ飬ƽպΪıɺã
ѭӦʵ⣬ﻹֻܷϸĥ֮ʧ䡣̫Ӷ˳˳ִ˳̳дͳӶУзˡ潭ɽ֮⡣˳˳Уλӵ䶼Żʵ۵Լӵġѭ֣Լʵ۵һ䡮ƽ󡯣ֻ˼ʵǡѭ浸أĪԽ֡ɡ
ʵֹе˼ӵ飬λûȣ˵´ˡ
һֱŻʵȥıӰԼĶӣ鱯С

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⼸춼ڵæ涫ɵ۷صɹļůѶϺӣһ䶼ĥˣҲһʱҰܽӴĶԼĺۼߣ̨ǰæµɫѾ߽ƵƣѾͷȴֹ䣬˵æû˼ԡ
Ŷԣϳʱ˵ѩͣϾ͸һš֪һԼšѩɻ£
أһˣյöܸߵѩЦˣǰȥֱĥżС㣬Щɣү̩үѾںԺˣСѾͷصغġ
񲻹ֻӰŴϴ£ȻæԺȥ
һ궬
߹ʱһеѩڰƮѩϲڽ괺δԹһĶ졣˽ϲѩʱȻǸ˵ӣÿѩͻոģһѩͻںԺǶѩ˴ѩ̡뵽̿ѩﱼܵģȤ
δߵŵĵطһȵһϵǰ˱ǣΡ۾һⶨǰɵرԸ˺þõĲȰ~

ֵ˼ǣֻȡһΪ򾩶صķãĶѰͰȥ
ǰ룬ճɲãǱ֮أ߽ĵطоףӹãǺβҵǮ츣գ˵ˣʢǸԼľӣշڣҴսҲ¡
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á
վǰüͷ
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ɶ㲻˵ҹȾô񾭴»ЦûûΣĺĺ⵹ˣأǸϹܼƼãҪŪһ̳ӹǺϼůů
ɸʹһԱߵ
ţнյźţŰעŵϡ
鲻أͲϲҺȾƣ㻹ҪҺȾƣСүԭ⡣˵ӹôʵڲףɸЦţһֱŶмüŪۣҪЩʶȤ˵һЩ˲˵Ļգ˺þõ۾ŶֿȻҲֻεЦţһͷһܣԼĻԣ⡢ƺȶԣʵʵס
ۡźߺжЦ
ҲһʱҭסɫǺ졣
֣ʲô
ѵҪ˼
졭
Ҳ֪˻ˣ˵仰֮󣬱˵ЩҪ޵ˡɸƶҹãֻδҵԵɣߺ󣬶ɻؿȵĶУһҪɱ˵ģ
н⣬һ޹ĲʲôȾơûⰡҽĻ˵ȥֻܽ죬ֿ⣬̾һСϱôˣ㲻˵ϲôζôˡ
㻹Ҫˣȭ

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ι
һգ۵ĹϯϾʣ¶Լһˡңôôණ롣벻Լɶ£ֻСֹĲˣиЩ㿴ɣϻôأԼôԵꣿ
ιŤʱԵ㶫òð
̩үεغ


131 ѩ
Сү𼱻ǵ׷, ֻѾԶˡ
үվתλ֣Ȼָָ뿪ķ򡣶æȥߵԱߣΪһ·СܶЩɺ, ̧ۿ, 졭ûʲô˳ĵ£
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ǲǣ˵˰ɣ⣿
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ү
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ϡ
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Ѿͷˡ
ɵÿɰ
ŲͥҲû£Ҳûңôѩš
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°ɣԼȥɵ
үС尡
°ɡ
ǡ
Ǹ֪ġСһ̥Ǹˤˣ»˵ˡǰүСȥĶһ˸ţһʱ˻ˣǾͻŶڸк𣬾ӲӦȾ˲ʱ鷳ɾĻгɳԸߵҲϰ˴ǻܵһСѾ߼һֱѩ񣬾ȥҲǰ취޵֪
үֱŤ˰ɣ˶ó
ҲǸɵѾͷΪǽⲻʣѡ
ѩվԼһӣͷҪĿ·ϵѩʱͻȻһۡ
˵˲ùңȥɡɶ־Ҫ۳ȴִֵضþؽ׻ȥüҪͷⲻĵѵһȴ֣
±Цˡ

㰡
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ѩأ㵱ĵ㡣ȥϵѩϵϵϸɲ˵ֻһɵؿŪˣСؿڣôˡ
οҹʱͻ¡ֻǾãԼƵ̫ˣҲԷʱɣ͹ȣ۵žʱʢΪ̫ģͳɼ졭ĶɣԼѹĵ̫ˣǸǿԸ񣬲˷աҰ죬˶һۣҿѩôãѩһµġﶼǼҹ¡
ԣֻЦˣûĻ
ˣŵ飬ֹǼҹ
Сʱ򣬵ȷϲѩ
ǣѾǺСʱˡͥƵߣһ˵Ļ
Сʱĸڵʱÿ궬ѩͻᱧҿѩ÷ɽӹµѩؿţĸ˵ϲѩˣΪѩʱĿããһƬûκΪĸϲҲϲϲĸҿѩʱ򡣡
ţһֱŶɵ֡
ĸţǻףеظоֱʹɡȻǻϲѩ졣ֻǱ˸ңѩ˵Цϰ䣬Ҳһ֡Цţĸ͸ĵǸ˵ġֻǸ˹Щį
ϾǸ¶ˡ
ɲκ˱¶˵qϻҪ֪öһЩľǣɻѻ˵ڡ
ɡ
ڣҲϲѩ죬ֻǿܲǰϲˡ㻹ߣҾͻѩڴɿһͷմѩ˵ţȻÿһ궬춼һѩİͷİͷ۽ǺЦȻһĶͷ
ۣؿڶɻ
İɣĸ븸ˡ
Ȼһֱ˵Լϲѩ죬ʵϲСʱĸڻĸоءôȥˣɶĸӡ󲻻𽥼ɣԽԽֱڻĸоԺĸĻʱҲܿġ
ڡ
߬Ŷɵ·䡣
ɿѩĪһǰڻʵ۶ǰ˵Ļ
ʲʲ׼ʬĸͬᡣ
ֱ
ᡣ

ʮպԶѲԺУξѲҸȥһСݵڶԶУξԱߣΪǻֽ
㰲İտƣһΧۣǶ֪ʲô֪ĳϣҪôѲҪôǴֽͷѹѹһѲʲôأǽͷӶ²Ҫץ˰ɣ
ֱǷҴլǰпСǸˣһֿýζֻ̫
ǰСԶԶؾƼˣǵִǰʱ븮ͨԶڸߴĿϣĿֱǰִһġ
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ԶԼУξ˵ҲŲæ֪Ƿҵ˻ʱ䣬˭Ҳûж룬ֻһֱϵ
һӣҴŴ󳨣үӷïżҾʮ߳լš
ïԶȡ
Сڡï׹£ҾȻ
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Ѳ̶һСսìָڵϵķˣǽ˴լȥѲˡ
⡭εȻïţվͱѲǰصϡҷҺʱƻˣλүҼҲδ̫
ȰĪҪνĵֿԶһۣ߰λԱүйȫǾԩжʣһ֤ԩ㣡
ïҭһ£۵Щš


132 
ұҵĳ, Ƿǳ䶯
˵Ѳ飬ŪʮľͷƳѷҴլ챦˶û꣬಻ƶı, ֻ˼¼ڲһһ, ڶٰһ顣ŵıﶼ빬ȥ, Χ۵İ, ﶼǾȺɷĿ, 빬ֳһЩһ·ų빬, ¡
СǶ÷ҲĹԱҲöﶼһ£ⷽңˡЩշҵ𣬽쿴ôҲеĵ׷ë
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ʥּдװףӣڼʱŽ, ӵնɱȨ
֮ǰ, ǿ˷ҸͷԼҵݣһΪ̩Ͼɱ硣̩ƼºУɢ, ҵҲһɢɳ, ͷԷɡ
Сүɽ⻻һص·߳qЩαװ, ôױ¶ȻСжԼӺ߳˶Ǵ֣Χһ·ұҵ֡
ӴһǸ󰡣ô౦ء
ǰ
Χ۵˺ܶ࣬о˶̯ӹˣǸ죬ǴΧ˸ˮйͨһֱȺдǿ¹Ѱ˸λãվһƼҵ̨ϣӸµȺ֮
˵ģǮ˼ҰһëҲܹǻһ갡οⷽңվǸۣ𷽼ңƺԼǴӷ߳ģԷָơǺ̾һ˵ǼȻûиߵ㰲˭֪ǵݣ㲻֪ҲҵļȮܣףϲϵ˼ҵķĸ֮Ƕķ˾ڶаС
ԣעŵ⼸ϡ
Ҳֻ˵ǷҵĻҶ֣
ɲҼˣһ˲ʶǼҵϸһǷҵ˵¥ԶǮӴǳ棬ܺѲѲмöһݣüЦ˵¹ܲˡ

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㿴˵ʲôͲ±ȥͷץˣһһƣȻѹҾⷽұλүͷĴ̣ҼҵҲڵǼꡣСӳˣ̩үҲţȻεǡ˼ҪѷȫˣҲǼЩСϰգܸɶء㰲İնڶɣϰ˺Сӣ
˵ĻǺпˣȻҲеǻʼ˵˼վȺ֮һЦϣԼھܰѷҵ䱦Ǯ츣գȨߣǱȽϲû
ߣֻۿöԼЩ£ֲֻᡣ
ӣ˶࣬ҪҪطߣۿӾҪˣǰҵѲҲʼնӣ¹˶Ӧ鳷ˡɵͷٿһΧ۵ȺһʱǿϤס
ֻһ˲䡣
ԭأ߻ȷԼĻ档
һ˲ʧֻһˣӷǳƣȴǲ
ӣ¹Щ⡣

ڶת˼ȦֻǶһֱģЩģ¹һлظ䣬ѾܾˣЩȥɣţȰţǶȴЩĲ£һֱھƹֱŤ
Ҳû˰취
˵Ҫط߿ʼˡңûˣ˶ɵ֡㿴ֶˡʲô𣬸˵˵òã
̧ۿЩί
ɣеۡɵˣôίôͻȻ
Ҹղڴϣ񿴵Ҹˡ˵úСھƽԼɻǺѿƣһͺȦȻܾöûмһۡͷһֱңǾǸ
⡪סˣЩȡ
ʢѾһ꣬ްˣĳԵ޹ʣôḴʵǷǳԼֵܵģʢԲΪʲôֻᷢչ֪ôԼ뷨˵ڣϾ˽ʢҲ֪ɵ׿ʲôָֻɵ۵˵᲻ᡭһʱˣղŽϵô࣬Ҳֻһʱۡ
͵ҡͷ˵Լῴ׽ˣôܲϵá
ǡĨһﻹûᣬ˵Ѿȥһˣ׳룬㶼ۿšɣȷ𣿡
仰öЩ
ǰһǰʱ򣬶ҹû뿪ġۿŶĳʵ۵ʱҲ޵úһֱŶܵʬ֣һֱšܵܡĸпܻ𣿶ҲԼ

ʼ˸ղһֻۣǺģһ˲䣬ǺǸ˶ӵʱһֿ˸ĸоȻһ̾ҲǸˣǵʱһӰһҲϤ
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ÿմڸϻ涫Σһһ̫ҽܣҽ׿ڸѾһĻĻͬưڶɵԺ︡ߣһΰ˿ڣʺѪζһӿʹں
ЩͷɥһԲϡ
ϧӵ뻳۾
ҼˣĲǸ𡭡
ɵһüɬЦҲ֪ɡֻ֪㲻³çµģ϶Լ뷨ȥ֮ǰϾ㣬˼䣬ضһȱڣҵĿܡ
ɱֻۣԼͷۣʲôǲ
ֻһƭ֣ôеҲ̫ˡ׵壬ʲͿǹɹȥһУҲ벻Ϊʲôôһ
ÿôͺˣ롣
ֻǵϣĸܣ˼䡣


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򶫷ɵһ˫򣬾Ÿϸ㡣
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òԼҲһ
С㾹ȻüûˣСƢţÿ춼ڸжпж
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ΣɽǣƮƮһ仰ظȻҪعȥ
ӣ첻壿ϻЩɻ
ǰմѩҲȺϳؼϢˡѵýѩͣ˷ˡҸ˴Ʒϵ빬°ɡ԰գɱعѰˡ
ǡ

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Ƕһ£Ӧǡ
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׾С̯˰ϵӣǾͰ˵Ķ˵ɡ
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Ʋ棬˾סĴլѳŷǹ㰲бԷ߰ţڳ⣬˴տլԼǧƱƱʯװǰﵽ䱦ֵǡ
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ѹ˶֬ࣿžʱӻ޶ȣʲҲȴûв١ǵ˷ïҡҡͷҵˣϵ
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뵽Ҳð˺ܶʡ
Ϊ˲ֵ࣬ҪΪЩʲôˡ

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㿴ͦõġѩʱ, ԰Сȹ㴩ȻҲ䡭ŲϸָУص˵ͷ, ֻ˵š
Ǹȹ, һɫĲϳŶɱȻЦüã˵ƽﴩɫ̫ˣô޵ĸıһ¸о
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ٽⲼ϶Ŷһ, ̡
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ʱΪ»δнѾͷĴٳɻӰ죬жָʶһֱû᣻񣬶ɵѳ䶨ѾͷҲˣҪҪҲѰ˼һߡָ䵽һأɸһۣûס
ʲôôֻѼӡ
ʲôѼӰԧ죡
Ӵԧ찡ǲˣ
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жסˣѾͷǷӦ˶վ
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жЩس˳䣬üë켷õˡ
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̾һ
ɵСһֱжϡ
ֻһɲǣɿرԵһЦݡ
ļߺжȥʱ򣬶һֱ뿪Ӱ㱼䣬񿴵ǰϻq衣˭˵ԵأλĻ¿Сһִٳɵġ̤˵ֻأòȥ˵ƣȻٵһˣ
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һʱ
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ЦˣСӣҲǸпĶࡣ
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꣬ӲӣǿĻ
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135 
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Զͷ֪롣
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̫ӻ˻֣ȥ
Զ뿪̫֮ӰԽĻ˼ʵܵĳرãҲǷ츲صı仯ֻɶӦûϲŮɡ

Ӷѭµʱصر԰ߣźʵůްȥѵһĺ÷ѩͣкüϣոճһЩ̫غøůůڲƺϡ
ѭ㿴кء
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ร̧ȥ
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۱֣ԼµĶӿǳͤǺӵ尡
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϶ġЩοһָСͷϵ̥֪θпȷһ͵ӣսϲһ·ٹ꣬Ͷദ
ٵӶѭǰһ֪СﶫһƵ˱Ц˳ĵޡǻʲôб𣬸֪ԼϴʲôʳǣΪСñòô䣬¶Ҳ˸оů⡣


136 ˼
²ʮ, ٽء
ƫѩ١Ҳ֪µڼѩ䣬װΪ쵽¹, ٴķѩҲ赲˰նӭһ顣̩رٹһ¹ټ, ˵طܵ, ƽʱйһ, ôҹꡣһ, ԩǳ, ôٹٶ
ټ١
ǶһѺ
ҲǺ
λȨߣԽ
ʵϣҲȵ´󳼺ùҵĴѾճ̣Ϊز˼ѪһƳٵԪ֮󣻶һ׮, Ƕɿ׷Ѱү䡣ۿѲѾ˰֮ãɿϢûУΰġ

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ĿʹҲҪ׷һ԰ˡҲҲһۿɡ
ӡ
ҲˣȥϢɡ
ǡ
λϣĸ֮ȥƣŵһȻ뵽һ£ȥˣ
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׻̫ۡ
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ʲôʱϢ
ԼҪˡ
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-ջ᳤ջ׵ġ
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͡
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С㣬үûô
ûء
~
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˵Ǵ£κ˼أ˲飬Żᵼ»Բѡ
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ү
С̵ǵ֮Ź֣ɵѵ
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ӴүǰԼͷѽ
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ү޴󰭣̫ġҲ˵Ϊ˼ǹأ˼ǹΪΣүﲻ̹˼ǹ֮°ɣе˲֪үһ£˳е輧ԼжѾͷһû˵
˼֮¡뵽˴ƣۣ֪Ӻ֡


137 ҹ
ɵĲȻ㲻ر, Ҳʵʵڵ޵˼죬öˣдСҲſţ, ûʲôҪĵĵطһ, д, 㳯ŶϷֺС, 鶼ô
С˱ϹϾ, үģСĶˡͿ, 㰲Ī˵ĸϰգ·߷ɹһֻӶ˵СɢȥϢ~
ĨһЦ
Ҳգֻһʱ䣬㰲Ǿͱ궯
ƿ, ֻͣѩֻǳǳһѩɨ߲, ҲһЩ˽ϵ, ӹСѾߵһյȲ裬һڣҪԭֻ֪зӦΣвӦһЧɣ˭߽, ֮㾡ϲɫ, ش˵үѾ, аǶ֪ˣһֱڴɢȥء
һʵԵ棿
棡
һ˷һӱ㽫ϣվ̴ڳиʾʾղҪҲ²⣬Ҫҥԣмǣֻʾؽ̷Ҫɷա
ףһݡ
ȥɡ
ǣ

ʱĹ㰲ǣƽȣʵ¶ɫС̸Żʼ˵£һŹٷ֮˱ڲԣڶһȫ˵û죬һʱͣⲻ߰˸˵ˣͻȻ˼ʿһֽţվǰĸʾˢһŸʾתȥ
ãһƵ߹ȥ۾
ճҥԲϣԲʵðϡˡ֮˶ҥսϱй߽֮й߷֮˽Ŵش˸
ʾ˲զ࣬ģԼղŻ̸أ벻ôյϢʾдˣôҲӵ֮󣬴Ҷѹ㣬ĵػصλȥ
ҿ£Ĳҥ
ǰɣҲá
бһλϴǳжƷ˼ҵӣҽʱȻϳ£ÿɰǹգɰȴûСӵıʼֻ̩ү
㰲УնԶɵĳƺһʱѸġ
ưǿǵԴ鰡ˣҥԱأȴһץֻ棬ԲҶǣ
СԽԽгɽյٱ仯һһԶϴα󲿷˶ˣΪĶв⣬Ը档ǵȨ߿ĵһܹ֪ĶεǷ̩꣬ˣһСϷѴֻ֮һЩСɣŤת
ҥʢպ̩ڵõԼҪϢ
үҹ˶
ร
ΪҪûк̫͸¶֪˶ˣƻʧܡԣֻ˽ϻq˵˼ƻ죬ϻ̩ѹ
±ΪûָˣظȴŵǽͷСèڽУͷһӰؽ
ʼɭ֮أ˵Ȳ˴ͷǰµˣǵݵĻӵܡּϣܱ߽ܿ˵˶ĵηǳϤȻôܶ㿪ô۾۾Уʾϻ˵
ߵΡϻ̧ۿζӳ£үǳơ


138 
ҹ, ºǰżмҰмɷ磬
ϻʱ̩֮̽ʱ˿, ѾһҹҲ, ֪˵Ļ治, Ϊ˶, ԡ
ͷ, ҹˡ
ýǰ, İӡϻһСƺһҾů̫ˣҶû𱩷ѩȻôʱͻᱻ˵⼸춼п, ǽҹǻҪ
ϻüͷһ壬³Կ, ֻ±ɲ
ЩСȥ, »˵Ǻ֡

ǡ
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ֻӾ䣬˺һӰǲˡϻˣҪȥ׷ʱȴӰѾĻ֮С
⡭
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ղŻ֮⣬ھͽߣٶȼ졭ѵǼɣϻͷֹһҲ˼ǹ࣬ϽϡɾʱҲ֪һַ紵ɰʯۣͺһ֡
ô
ᣬֻòִߡ

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ϻ򶫷л㱨Ͼ֮ɫڡ
гüͷ
˵һӰһ常ǳư
ȷˡϻ̧ۿȻҹ䣬Ӱ߶죬үദľ鿴ȷүΣҲֻϧ磬ʹ޴ӽӽ¶ܲ塭
̾һԹԵߵһ£ɫȻҲ֪ǹ޴ӿΪܰаɶ常֮գ˽֡һ˲ǿۣضɶʧġзϻ¡
뿪ɶ̫ˣȥɡ
ס
ϻ˳ȥ֮ǰ˵һ䣺ε£Ī

СȾĶɳ˵ţڵᣬӲҪ߶ɫ԰ףҪ󣬲Υƣ˴Ƶڸɢ
̫ҽ˵ˣǻ˼ɼԶҩȲԼ뿪ǿ֣һɣҪˣЩ鼱үаŵġ
ĶɣΪս㲣ۿԼ
ЦЦֻǵͷ
ľͷɣҪ˵Ļȥ
ɻǵͷ
شҡ
ˡ
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յ䳹ǣиæµ֣ͣԲŲԵôȡվͤԶ뵽ɵ£ʧȥ;¡һĬ
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үҪ񲻹ˣָһıӣüͷţ֮ǰؾѾûֵַˣżһλãô˼һֱͣ
Щȡ
û뵽Ȼܾ顣
ĺοɻשӻ˵ǣϣҲҪ͹Ҳʮ죬ز¡
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һ˲·һˡڶ˵Ǽһ档ʶôҲһôˣһСԶãԶĿ֡ûȥڳ֮ᷢʲôı䣬ΪײǳףǸϬĻħ
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139 
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û칷
һιؾ, 칷Ƚûи, ɴǽһԼ£ǸߵϻҲڹ㰲, q;븮ʱĻϻ, úý칷Ƚֵܵ⡣ϻüͷһ壬¶ɫ
һʱ, ϲưϡ
̫˰ɡϻʱεء
㰡ˣҪˣ߰ɡ
qӦǣƳϻһۡ
Ӿҡ
͡

ʱ̩붫ڶǰһƥ, 멣һƥİ׺멡ڽУ, һ, ˼㱣ͻȻ뿪ǵǸ档
ʱүް뾩룬һѩ, ͷҲء
, ǰͷĶͻȻع, Դʾ⡣
ô𣿶촽΢ţƺ
һЦҡҡͷ
Ŵֿ󷽳ӣߴӺһӶһ˲䣬һطʲôס°ѵؼʱסûΪͻȻͣס˶Ρ
үȷӦq裬ǰ鿴ɵ
զɶҲһȥֻӺ󷽾ɪľݴԣ֦Ҷ࣬һŵضûƼʲôŹֵˣ
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q⣬󷽸ȥ
Ĭˡ
а̾
ɶ
ţ
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áʱжзԵЩԱ߷㶵ֳ֣ղҪɶʲô£
ɶڸʲôأɵq裬ǸŮɫʵ̫ӲƲߡҸļ輧㽻㿴Σ
Цˣ˲ͦӵĸо
⣬ָָ󣬡ɡ
㿴ΰq裿Цòãͼò˵Է
Ǹ̩
õģǼ·


140 뾩
٣ȵȣ
¹һƥ, ԺֵӰ׷١
ԷҲһˣŴסԴֱ治Ŀٶȼ, ¹üܹ׷, ȴֱ˦󡣡ǵʲô, үӵǺ⣡ͣ, Ȼ˹㰲, Ǹܲѣ׷ϣ¹ֻܿɤ˶ԷǴ̿𣿿qʱ, ȴСĸϣˡ
¹Ǻס
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ˡ¹ԭⲽ
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СĵػqСĵػˣжڱϵ˵һˣҲڡ
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ָ
Ƚţ¥顣Цˣ˵Ҳ͵СˣѵģܳȫҲֻ˵칷ͬ⣬֪ϻܲܰƽ
qһжԱ͵ؾЦˡ
Цɶɿ
ҿ϶ܰƽ¶ֻأа˳ɻնűˣ췹˭Զˡ
q⻰ҲЦˡȷԼǷƽûУֲõ㣬ֻܳС˶ЦһЦһ߻ǣֽ˼֣۲ۡ
ҡͷؿڶɻ
СôȻΪͼֲ֡ҲдĹ⾰¶Ƕ˵̬Ҳı˲٣Ͼ¶ģӸˣԼҲòҲûҽȻˣûв͸ǽЩ˵лͱֻܴǲ֪
֣ҪŶɵġ
һ·£ûʲô衣
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涫סھʱؼҳԹһٷûޡɱڼҶ죬ȴ˵ã˵ԼʱȥҲС
Ա֮ǰؾǱ˲١
ûôء
˶ôãҲôãʲôùǣġЦˣ̧ңؼܻϵʵܲˡ
԰գ˶նִŵӷһͬЦˡ
ɴ˰ƲƲ죬ǲ
תһ룬᲻ΪԶķ˳ٳδУһֱӵĿ˵ǸõˣԶҲһƷǶиãԴҲǸ
ɡ
ţ
˯š
ͷ䵽ͷϡ
롭ӣһĵطڶɵϣ⿪ʲôʶס֣ۡ
Ŷ
ɵ㲻˵ˡ
Ҫ𡪡
Ҫү~

군
мܲסǻôʡ
ûӣֻ΢ɿ֣ȻЩŵҧ´޴á
ҹÿ֮ǰ˼ֻںԺңҲ֪ǱʲôΣҹͲֹڸһЩ޵ݶҹļźԺĹ˴ҹԼɶӶЦ
ӵ
ֱӵðɡ
ºӵȽ϶ࣿ
񶼲ࣿ

ļϣ˼ϯС
ɳʱˣж̫ӸߵģźӣǾ̫ͻﶫţˣڻʵ۱ϵģӦþĶӣҲǴӣѭ
ɳ񣬱ߡ
̩̫Ա߰ǰ£ϯֱԱӵС￴ѽѽض
Ļḻ㵸ȷϲĶҲЦˣȻǿԱӣЦѭðɣ
ЩûӦһųЦˣ˵ͦõģ⺢ҹܻ֣ĺٱһҪޡһ߶һ߶׶Ц˴Ȱ
һĻǵ̲ס̽ͷ
ɵͷСܻģˡ
ŻʲȻûᣬҲرġʲ֪ӲףֻӣȷЩίˡ
գ֪ôأ
ɸֿǸӣСӿ޹


141 
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ƽʱϯ, Ǽ磬ʵʵ֮ҲδػĻּ粻ͬ, Ϊϯжɣ̩֪жڵĳϵǲ̬ܶƽģ˵ڶСֶŮʵۺ޲ۣôǰ, ƻԼȰ
ȻʵֻǿԼһۣûз𡣵ʵôеĻ᣿㽫ƾͼƵЦ޶, һġ
զࡣ
, ᡭ
ϵҪòȢһˣ
ѽͿæӻЦسʵʩ񣺡ϯѾʼˣʱõ˴ˣʣȥûɶϲԵĲˣ
Ҫߵ̩ү, ǽжвס
ϵ˶Ц, ʵҲֻεҡҡͷֱ˵һҲ˳ġ԰, ʵ۸ֿ򶫷ɣֻԱߵ˵磬ŨŨⶼҪˡʵüջߣ룬˵ĸȻһˣȫͶĻΰת룬ɹúþУͲ㹼˵ܵܵС
Ԫ¡
ʵͻȻ˸
֮ϣ͸裬ȻļҳȤ¡ǵһβôҳļ磬Ϊ˶ԺչȻŹᣬϯϣÿһϢԼԵɣҲ顣
ȻǸüĿ毺õĺӣȻǸüһֻӵɣ֪ǲǴĿ򶫷Աߵһ˵еҲòŮһΪޣʵڡе
ﲻҵˣҲлȨˣԶŮӳɻһ£һӦų⡣
ϳϯʱѼ䣬еøУϾŮӣദȻûôķ붫ɸùϵպѭҲù
ﲻ֪ʵ⡣
ԼãֻеϧλһûֻԼٷޡ
Ӧһźɡ

ɣϿɲԳռ
ţ㻹𣿡
ǰղŲҶԡ
ɵϡȥ׼

֮ԻģϾԣעԭڿϧλĴԵЩЩسȥ
泯˵泯ϣûпӱԿһֱʲôһ˵ȸԾһ棬һͬЦǸһЩСֵС
һ˲
Լĺ̲ס̾һ
ԭ֮ϡ


ڽһʱŽݱ˻ʵۺ󣬻ظ·ϣҶеƣ
ձǳһʱᣬɶɱˡɡԼͬһдɵͷȻ뵽ʲôʵ֣һᣬʢ˿ɻᵽ
ʢĵӦȻǴشյȻҪŹƷأǹذ

զˣ
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ÿμʢˣء
Ȼ˵ʢ̫鲢ûа¶ǲɵǲܵģΣ»вټϣȢʢǸصˡ⼸ȫһеͷۡ
ʢҲܰôɡ
ͷ˼ģûʡ
ǼĬظԳĬոùΡһԲףѰ˸ƽ֡
ϯϣºʵǺܿɰأǶɣһЦһ̽ԵİɣԷӻӦŷ
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Ҳա
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˽Ǹ˼һʱֳ

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ţ˵ɶû塣
ЩҾȥϢˡ
ม
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ɣȥѾͷ˼
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˵߲ˣŷǺ㹻
Ҫ֪ѾͷǿúܣԼڴȻԼȥϢжҲûа㵣ĵ̬е㣬žʲôԼ˵ҲϣȥһߣЭһλѾͷķա
ôˣҲϣ˵ĹϵԺúõء
ûŮ֮飬뵱һҲǲ°
뿪󣬶ɱ㾶ֱߵһԿ¡жվԭسһŻҵظǰæʰ涫ɷźûƳһֻۣôҵĺжѾͷ۸𣿡
ﻰж̧·ڣ۾һֱĶһֱûҿɡ
ҵжôǸ򶨵ˣ˯ʱ˴̿ͣҲǸ侲Ӧˡⷽ棬qЩġռ㣬̫ԡ
ڣԱۣſ˫֣Լ·ۡ
жĬ˺ܾá
涫ɽ⿪ʱƮƮ˵˾䣺ֻǲ֪λش
ѾͷʲôΪѣΪѵ÷š
֪ʡ
ʱӵ
صʱѾڴ˯£һյƣΪġ
ֹһɸо£ϰԱ㽫˱ڻս߳صһ
ɣ
Ѿͷô˵
ҲˣֻƵؿ˶ɻѾͷ޵һһѱģ˵Լж˲õ룬ѹþ
ɵЦˡ
Ц
ˣžǻɡ


142 
һ, ʱѾûӰ
ˣ
жһֱ⣬鿴˸ڴϻЩԺ, ͷšأ
ʦѧءһҹ, жƺһЩ, ƺʱЩҵ˲жЦк˽涫ϴ, Լ۳߽, ͵̩үֵ²м輧׼һ, ̩үǸʦһ½裬ʱһϯաˣȤһܵ԰ѧ
รЦЦ
һֱûʲô֣Ҳûȥ棬Ҳǿ
ôһڵС벽, ˻ܵ£ӦܱɡҧŸó񣬿ʼûʲôȤ, ȥתתΣ, ԼҧŸЦˣԼǰ¡

þҲúúǻ˰
ĺ԰ʱ֡
˿֮ƻȣ, ҲмСѿ֮ð, ͣǱɫĺ, һȺԾת裬ɷǺÿɴǰԺűפĿ
Ⱥ֮ڲͬģһɫȹ֮ˣ
ԭվڱϸ輧ѧϰһһۣЩ׾ֺ츳ûһת˸Ⱥ任λãվм䡣һ̧֣컬¶ϴŵΣһתȹǻһߣ˻ģ
һ˲ԶĶɣЦˣֽһȥݣǽߡ
ɵİǱʲôײһ¡
ࡣ
檰ݼү
ͬġɡеĲõζЩæɿ˼Լʧ룬߽
²μ
μ
ǺʦҲֻǰ˰֣۾һֱݲ±ˡЦţ߽ʱԼ֣Ȼ˹ôôõѧ裿ſ˼ۣ衭
̧ۿ
ʵǺáЦˣʱĿ顣
ү泼һͬѧΣЦеʹ˼ûȶɵͷ˳ǣ߻ظղŵλá£һ¶ɵģ˵үѧãҪŶ
˻
ү~
š㡣
ԵʦҲ֪Լò֡ǶɺѾλˣܸܲŰɣǣ˿ּ֮Ա߼輧ҲʶȤ˵һ߹ۿôλӵˡ
һ輧һֱӣȻòرϣǶ˵ĿڶԷϣЦδۣĽЩʧصͷ۽һƳվڻΧ۵̩С
Ե֣Ǹöá
롣

ǸŴйһ輧ϰĽȣϸս԰һƼľĺСӹĻ档е˼Ҳɴվԭһ߿һ¶ȸЦݡ
û԰
ӴСֶʼɵġ
ȥ֣

̩ү˵ؽһϵеһץһ˼ʱ㵸عЦɰߵĹŵòᡣ
̩̩үǡǷ˲ɣԱߵĹ˹ӣС̧ͷָϽͷȥ򶫷һֱעӵķรԭƼүôƽʱ˵ʥϡ̫ӵԼ̩ӵúܣˤˣ»ˣһˣ
ߣѾˣǹȥơãЦҲر𿪻
ߵСڽ꣬ǶգҲͷϸеƣۡƵس˹˻ûأǱζЦͺǺǺǵûжϹ峿ʵǡ̶һۣǺ
ɶʵǲûпǳһϯʱϳҸ˵ղǸ˦Ҿر𲻴ȻǸת
֣
Сɰյüͷ
Ҹ죬޹ԼôһɣҲ˼ȤͷԼļ輧վԭԸһӣ˵Ǽ˾Ҫϳĸʾһ³ЧñǵĽ⾩´ֻǸʲô
ǣү
輧ѵأӦվԼλϣһʼʱͬ޸ľżһǾͼ裬Ц紺ˡ
й⳯Լһüëһ԰ڡ

Цҡͷ
ֻɡ
żҲĽеĸġȻ˵ԼֵҲһܸɵˣĹڻ£Ǿñ˼ҵ㣬Լƾ书ȡʤ·żȻҲֽĵ輧񡭡вҲôҶϧӢ۶ѡ
ǡ
Сĵؿһ輧еջĶ
УĸˣС̳Ҫ򷭣ɴ̳
ɶһҪ˵
ݼ϶Ҳǳʱ򣬶нԶһЩ˵
զСɰڴ̳
ǰʢܾ֮㻰лȥ˲顣Ȼᵽʢɵһȥسһϯʢ˵ڣֻûǰ⣬֮ǰԼһλ
գǺʢ̫ӺӣʢˣЩƺˡɶ˶٣СϸһЦ֮
ȻңǸǰɡɶ˵ĻȻأоˣﾡҵĺɶжɣô֪˵ʲô
ǣ΢һ¾ĥˡ
λʢӦþǵ㰲ƵƵΪѶɵСġ
ʱ򶫷ɾɻĻ˼ҵĹȨƺ͵λҪ˵Ĵ˼ҵģôͣǸ棬СĻ壬˭˵ҲɺϣǼʢŻ㱲µһġ
òЩ
˵ǸʢôһУͺˡ
ԣ߸ѵصӣӻꡭ
ôҡ

ҶʢһҲ£ֻǸС֮ǰЩڣǺִģ¡
Īġ̾һʱ棬ҲֻڳõϯϣڻڣСﲻʲôµģǵλǣðҲʶˣܲڳְɡ
뷨ɳһ¡
ԼҲе㲻ȷ
ǱߵͷüͷΪʲôѸĹ¡


143 Ů
, ɻq棬š
ѾͷûдϡΪ߻һʧǵӣźܵȥϢˡת, ֺж˵Ѿͷȷ, úþж, ֻǼӦ, ֪ߵò, Ҳ޶һ㡣̾һԡ
Ƕ˵, ԼԵֺ컯ɡ
ǻǰ㷱
Ȼǳʱһ򵥵αװֻǰھʵڵϺھǽͷ˫ԣܶ˶ӡⲻǸߵһĵҾϳ, Ҫΰݡ
𣬽ֻ䣬ĪΪѡЦ, ֽ
˰ҸЦ, վŵʱе㺦¡
ڽλøǿһӾͺãһԵСˡ
, Сס
ǵĴ¥кܶ, ֻȥ˶˾ԷģձȽ, ʺϻ̸СС弾Ͳһˣö˶һ輸Сϰ죬ż·߻ˣյġϷġ˵ġǸЩͱȴڴ¥Ҫá
ңڶɶԣ׽գ׽ƽ񣬲ܸеȥҪʲô
ǺܽС뺷Žܡͣȵʢ
¥£˵ֿʼˡ
ɷ£¥ô֣Ҳ̲סս
ǿ²֪ɣǸڵľǸŮˣһŮŮ˵ǼûУûɣ
ϵһһǲҲŮүʲôϡģզûˡ
ǰ
ǣǵŮүò绨ܸأ
һԺȴֻԼ˵Ϣ˱Ƕ
¥ϵŮүԣ̲סһЦعͷҲЦſƣҪǱҷү¥ϺȲ裬Ҫ䶯ˡ
ꡪ
һһ˵˳Աظɿ˼һΣ˼ҸǵĻʵ۰֮ϣκ˲ǲġүȻҲǺãֻ̫ƽʢ˼Ǳ߸մ̣ŮŶ
еص˵ͷûٴ
Ůǰδе飬Ǹʣһʸ̳λǴľ֧֣ٵǴȻڻ¡Ҫ˵أλŮôʤ̣ҲλŮôλҪ˵ģΪй¡
ҵһӸսռǺ͹ĶǵȻȲлŮ˼˵ͣˣõ˶̲ס˵Ҫӡ
¥ϵĶҲ
ŮǾòȢ޵Ļ֣̩¶еˣ
Ѳɣ˵ֵķ£
ٺ١
ǸŮλǺǻһԺ󹬼ǧʮСҲ̲סȺ˸죬䣬ԱߵĺӾһǽ쾭壬ŮҲڼһȺˣ⡢񻰣
ǡһŵĴҲǻҲƽ˵ĵ׳ŮЩŮ˻ỳ£Ů˵ְת˹ŮͷƴмּŮǻСͲᵢ£ǧг裬ĺǶŮ׵޶һĸͬڶŮ۵𱰣
ǰ
е
¥ϵĶɳĬˡ
⣬ȷյĴʽԴ
ľŮˣôܶƶ·ҪıС
ˣҶû˵أʲô˵ֽĴ棬ʾ⼸Ҫ˸Ͻͣһͣ˼Ҳûкǧг裬Ҳûиʲô£ﶼװʲô
ղһۣʼŮΪˡ
ʵڹ֡
˵һǡ
ײͣ
콲ŮйɶǲһˣȻųһһһҲݲˣⷬܽᣬǺ˵ƽʱй·Щ˶ʶˣȻôһѪ
ҲҲ˵Цˣֻÿһ¶㣬ʲôԣųһ˶ȥˣһһҲţë
ɶ
ңס
ţ
ۣ

Ҳûһڲϣҿʱȥˡ
ɶ
ǸŮңףй£
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ǽ֮£Щ֮顣˵˹̬س̾һԼСӣ֪Ρٽ˵꣬˵˵һܣûȴһﷴӦ˾ʧˡ
˵У
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ôÿζ׷ȥ
֪µæϣǸճſڣͱȺλۡ
ô࣬˵һƬ켣õģ˭֪㵽ȥ
ܸûӰˡһںޡ
¥ߣҲǿһһ㶵ġ
Ķֹˣ˵׷عһ㽫ԽһڶĶɣü̲ס٩ҵİ˰ɣ
СһЦ
˵Ҽٴˣÿضڹؼʱסܣϰˡþ֮ǰһȤ£ڶֵʱ򣬴Ҷءֲ֣ȻԼҲ°벿֡
Ĺµ治棿ʡ

һ¡
ٰɡ
һ㿿µĳɷ֣ǰ˵ɵʱµǽһ׼
ɷĲ£Ͼ¹ֵˣϣܰq衣һԱߵ
ģq
š
ȥץ
ţǽ¼
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þûԹΪһЩϹˡ
ͻȻе㿪ģе̼
һֱǸ˷ʵûָҲҪôȰ¡УҺ𣿡
û̻شֻǼһЩ˵Ȼùһ衣ɽӹ豭Ȳһصش
ɵɡЦ
ţôɵˡ
ÿһ¶Լ뷨ɣΪӣԶѡ񡣶ңһ־磬ֵܿӣҲúܸˡÿζôĸܣ·ֻҪʱ˵һ䲻ãͻ׷q賷һ㡣
ɵɣʲôʱŻףԸһֱֵء
ˡЦˡΣ˼Ӧ׷ˡ


144 
Ůҿûʲô캦°
졣
СС, ʵڲܳʲô°

ɺһյųֵģߵǽʱqһظվţ˵ѱ˼Ѩڵ϶, Ψ۾Ĵ, ܵ˵ɼĵģһʱ, ԭЦú, ߽ʱЦʧ, 
Ůġ˵лݵqŹ, ͻȻ䣬е⡣ֻ̧ǰʮĹŻƲ˵ʶ죬߳˲׵Сˡ
ӡ
ˡ
Ȼ˵Сؿһ, 룺ԼɶʱʲôٹˣȥûֻùسǿڣλС㣬Сġδʲô캦鰡, λ᲻ᡢ᲻ץˣСֻһͨϰ, ƽҲ͸ｲ¡
ɵۿ˵ҲͬʱӣΪš
ûʲôͼֻ, 㷽ŽĸŮĹû˵, °벿֡鵭ĮޱģǶԹ¸Ȥ, ðɡ˵סˣŴԼʲô
ԣС˼ҵĹôȤ
ðԵС㰡˵һ
˵Աߵqһjio
ðԵŮ
֪Сʲô£˵һЦؿ
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˵æͷ˵Լܲ𶫷ɵġƺ
ŮֺӢԼǶʮͷλãܶ鶼ҪӰķ֡ʷʵڸѾ£ǸʶֵġĶ֪ǵŮеһλ̫ϵѰ˵ͣһ£üæͣҲǺȥ׵Ⱦ
⡭
д󾪣Ȼûбֳ
ֲ÷ھ˵ҡסŮԷʼǸ׵檣ȷûë˭뵽ŮȻҲϲŮ˵أе㵣ǣһΪŮһ¸е
Ž
Ůλ̫ʶ꣬鼫á̫ͨŮ֮ǰǾѾͬã빬Ϊ˵ԵҲǶˡ˭֪˵źЦˣ˵Ů壬ΪҲǻס˰
Ҳ̾һ
˵仰ɰԱߵˡվŶû˵Ψվǰ
˵˹ҾСǲţʸˡСҲֻǽЩ̸Ҷ㣬о壬˭ֻءûݵ飬СĲ˵
Է顣
˼䣬Ǯˡ
л֪ôе㷳ңȻֶŮ²ų⣬ֻ֮˰ֶԴ˹ڻպֻ᲻Ĵ٣ɳͷһζԼֳθС
ޣ֮ǣǣˣȻҲûƽյĹĺء
жһƢԣϲͷƿԼԼߵ鷢ʵҲ˵жΪŮңͬҲδܵԼ̬̹Ȼܡ

һ̾
ӣôˡq蹪
ް
˵ڡ

²ʮ¡
һϯת˲
ϯеʱ򣬺ȻúܸпǰһβμϯʱǴֶ˳ձΪ̫ӴʱĶڸ³ɳʮС£飬֪ǺҲȥ̫ӵĵճҲѰ꣬Լʱûʵͷ۵ı뺷ʢѾΪӡ
ʱ䣬Ǽһǹôࡣ
Ϊ̩ͬλ̫Ӵ֮£⻹мλɾ͵֮£֮󣬱ǴٹٵϯλӸߵͣ£ʹ㳡
붫ųͬһŮ챾Ӧں󷽣ʵ۶ⰲţ̩һݹ۳ϯλΨһر
ֻǵЦһЩлš
ʵ̩ԳһѲͬһֽųϵӳȴֵøλһ㡭
ǰ̩Ǹһίˡ

ܶ˶ϧ̩˵ι֮ţȴҪΪŮӵүһء˹λ˵̩бᴢ֮λ˫ȫˣμϯȴһŵӶУ񻰡
һҲе㲻ζ
֪˸Ů֮
ɣôˣߣһֱСͿѾһüĲɵӡſģ鶼Ҫġǣɵս˵ֱġ
ȥʱٸ㽲ЦЦչüͷ
ɵ࣬һ۾ŵ̩мˣʮְԵش˹һЦ˵˵ʲô黰ûһô

һһ˦ȥ֣㣡
㲻ȺòáʲôҪȵȥʱ˵ʲôѲɣС޵šǸɶһ˵һ߷գۣǸɶʱҪ˵Ļ
ԭصնʱ⸱ˣ־Ц־ڳһȭԱߵߵֻĬĬ豭װ裬պһƬ
йЦͻȻоԼǰĬĬעӡรǸΪܺɶദԴ׵̫Ӹ簡һЦһ̫߳Ӹվƣ̫֣ⳡ˵˵ЦϷҲǳ֡
̫ӵ»̩ŰҿϻûءµĴ˽
Ҿڣܾǻϸһˡĳλ֪Ĵ󳼴ࡣ
ɶͻȻ¾ƱһؿŶɡ
ţ
Ҫ˵ĻӰ죬ǶǷϻǶǹƨֵȥֵȥ롣ǿģһ仰öڵ̧涫ƣ򶫷ʱЩϧ֮飺ƣΪڲģˡ
صͷûйڲġ
˵ʲôҶ֪ǶֻǵĲ²뷨ǲܴҡһʼһȥʱҾ͸˵ˣִ˾Ϊ˱㣬ʲôλֲҪҲںңصԼʲô˼һǱȽϲɶھӣ޴С׵һֵ˵ͣסˣûаһ仰˵ڡ
ʵ˵Ǿ仰ǣҲֲϣֳֵǵԸ
췴֮ģ仰˵ûн
ɶôϻۣöĶᶮġ
֡üƱ̿֡
ɵɶеľƣЦһͷ
УںöǰǺ̫йŵġ
һӲôܻᷢʲôΨһί
̫λάֵ֮顢άֱ֮Чİ취


145 ֪
ϯ֮, ʵһܵⰲţֻ
ǾʢࡢȴǴݵ󽫾֮ӣ֡ʢ޴ӷܴʢ, ȻȻ, ʢҪһʢࡣʢ˶Ůûʲôо, ⲻ, Ӳӡ
ǾСӹٽ̫, ʲô֮ӡ˷˸ۣΪʲôϬ, ôˣүϣһƣ뵽¾;Ȼζ
ˣǲǶˣû°ɡ
û¡
Ŷˡ
ȥʽ׺󲻾þͻ, ӦĸСȻ޸УǹȸģתȥЦŶӻ, ҵжɲ
ҲֻСıֶѡºһЦ, ȻҸؿԼӣ˶֮龡ϡ
ЦЦֿϯĸ衣
ֲ, óﲻҪ
Ҳ, ܱѡȥѡ벻ǼˡҲ˵ճ, ֻǼ֮Ů㿤ϥ¶ǡ֮ܵõϲģֻһˡϵһĸͬС
Ϊ֪Щ£Ȣţֱ㷢ĴһҪúöԴȴ費̸ǴӶŮ鳤棬Ͷϲмӡһʼʱ˶ķУֵʢܷɻڴʱˣҷֵ;ûʲôı䣬أҲˣõҲ
Թ᲻úܲ㡣
ʱֻǽڻЦˣ򸴺
ͻȻ˵㿴ǶŵĿү
ţĵطȥһʱ֮ԭء
ǰ
ǾǴɣԼ
ֺþöûмˣҲܾûˣպȻһе˼ЩǶˣֻߵ̩Цʱζʱ㳡ϸ裬ȻԶ֪ʲôɿóǺܿġһ鸴ӵؿǸԼϲΪȢΪӵˡ
ȷءشӵ⣬Ȼһ¡
ԭԶȭΪʲôӡ

Ľ裬Чǳá
輧츳ѣ̶̼뾩ϰһϯʱȻ޵һ棬ƾǳ貽ó֮̾ΪֹԺЦˣؿԼʣʵҲֻǳسͷ֮˵Ҫ
Ҿ˵ɣֵµ˿Ƿͬһ㡭򶫷ҫĵصͷѹ˵ôҪҪǽһ£
ңˡɰڰ֣֣Щ輧ãҵκʱҪã߲ͬʺҰôûǣҿô죿㲻һԼһҲܺúñԼءһ˵Żһ߾죬ѵŮһ
ˣͷתȫԼ˵ɶ
ǣˡ
һۡ
ϵ輧ǱϱҪ˳ˣǼȥʱۼ⣬һӱ㲶׽輧вһһĿ⡣ֵֹģ񻹴顣ֻϧʵߵ̫죬ɻûüϸһϳˣ࣬ϲ
֣ɳǻɵЦĶƣɳ輧ʲô֣
զҪһŶ
ţ֡
ӴιСѾͷо֪ô״Ӧ¡Ҳգĸ£׻Ǹ߸ıȽϺáһνˣһһҹĪһأ
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ɰ߶˼飬輧ǵҲͦ˼ġ
ʲô⣿һ۵
һ޹ؿȻָָԼʵָ촽΢˸ͣһܴʲô⣿
ޣ޹ϡҲѧһÿ˵ֻЦıǳ
ɷ۵
Ҳ˸۵ɻȥ
ɡԱߵһ

ֵϯ෴Щǽ˲һ硣
ʹ֮ڣֵ֮УӻǰնΪһĵ죬ףǾھǵйԷʱĸۡĳǷشڷǸģʲôֶ᲻Ȥ
ֻڴţֱߵһҪˣĻҲԽԽ
ãųص̾һ۾ʪʪġ
ߣں˵ʲô
ûк˵жҡһ𣬾үһ
ѵһ
ǣҶϲأһ
⡭
ĶԻ֮жҲûкĹˡһЩճʺ򣬱ӽʲôȥֻǱ޽ǸѾͷж֮˶޶ˣΪεĴһ겻ӣѾڷ﷢˺üĴˡ
⼸죬Ҳûж
һ̾Ϣ
ǳһôõӣ꣬϶ϽȥźӵƣһԸиٻ̧ͷ棬Ŵգκη羰ֻܽ¹⿴֦ɹֽϵļӰһشصأеҡΡԥˣȥж

վԼˡ
һ˲䣬ԭԥ񱻴ˣĵһȥҲûãȥҲֻǸж¡
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149 ҹ
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СħͷȻ˵ôж˵Ļ
ԶǴ飬Ȼᣡү
ʵ̫жˡ
˵źۡ
Сħͷֻ׺ݵı顣


150 С
ԶԵ, ֻص¡
Ҳ֪ɩӳ׶ʱһֱûáҲҪʲôҲӦҲǿֻ, Ȼ̬, Ǹ, үү, ׻ڶ׾춼µǰԶһ, ü˵ܲ𡣡
ƲƲ, ˵Ҳû취ãֻԵδ
Զ̧ͷҡҡͷһԵδͺˣϧС
йأлŮ֮²֮߳, ֮߳ǶŮӶԵġ֮߳Уһһ, ʸ, ȢˡֽԶسף䲻ڽˣԶѾȫ, ȢС檡
ɼǴ, ΪҲǴ¡ԶΪռҵĳӵһֱûáռȻ, ĿҲֻϣܹȢС檣ӡأռϲҲΪԶޡزϲСţСк֮󣬺ӹСͷҲԡ
ŻѾĴˡ
֪˵ĿģǡֻɩһˣҲȢˣϣºӺ룬ͬһӡԶ˵£;Դ˵ۡãʵûа취ˣܶԵضҲԵռأ
ˣһʱʵƿԡ
Ů¡
ûо飬ҲûⷽĿա
½ۣԼ⣬ʱŪɳ׾컵¡

ö˶ͬʱͷɥ
һԱǺԶʱߵһЦˡ
ߣЦʲôءƳۿ
ѾͷҲ˰ԶԹصͷȥüͷɴ֡ôãѾһǧһְ취˼ȥ׵һǡҪҴɩ˽
Ƴۿ
ô
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öˢˢؿ͸¶һ֪ʵ顣
ʵüͷ̼װС
⣬ԶɻʣװУպҪӵʱôأ
ȼװȻ£ټװССʱүѹΪƵȢС檵£˵ϣܺúͬĵ̣ܵһأϸʱء߿˼ּһ䣺ʱӦˣҲǸүʱ䰡㡭Ҳû취ˣүҪ檡
ôҴ̼İ취
Զò⣬ֻÿû̬
ٰ֮£ֻܵ˵ͷ

ո֮ڣɻںةҵ̸¡
ڹҴкܶһ֪ĵطô𰸣ÿ̵ˣ̣ҵڳΪٶ꣬ȻԶгñˣԶ׽үн̸Ҳпϧڡգڣҵѯ֮ϧ㽫ԽԽ࣬ԽԽã֪Ѿһʱˡ
รүô˵ɷҲԼ³̡үʱ䲻ʱȡóЧʵϷҵЦ⼫ι츳ġŮԽԽϲֲãֲãֲ֮ǰնһϲýտСȷСﰡ
ˡɵЦȴһ̾Ϣ˵һЩһںġ
үָ£
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ҵۺӣûзԡоõ֮еıʹһӦ뵽۶ɵĹʧ뵽˶ǰӵ顣ʵΪ߳Ƶۣˣ˭᷸´ѵô˽²ĿϵԼϣں˲츣
ߣ̾ľʱһһ̾
ҵһʶڣо֮ˣ
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ᣬѹ֣ѹ֡ҵҲ˵һ֧飬ԭΪЩ˶»ɽˣ벻ȥôĿŵǺүȡʲôʩ
һð֮ԼΪᣬУΪΣ
ðӡҵһ㶣ĻЦ㴦õȷܺúõسͷǣҲ˳ҳӵ⣬աʵүΪЩ˶գϾڶڿѵֻҪԶ£żɱʵġ
ͬһ㵹һȻʡʵи˵ĻֻﻹɽᡣҵͬϾǳһֿԼĸоͬŻЩ
˱˳ŷҵ¼˵ȴһ֣δɲëѾͷôɸϲЦտתͳҵҾ߶࣬ܽˡ
үء
ҵûӦΪζɻͻȻ⣬һԼŮıּ߽ɰͰ͵ظȥЦеģס
ԭүǸӦ˲ִ١
ҵһοؿüĿ飬⵽ͷʱװؿ޸үôˣǲǵõ׼ʱүү˵ʲô

һүүʱ˵۸ɡ
үүôģѵɽ̸Ǽ٣״棿
ɣ㾹Ȼүү״ֱСָ߾٣Ҫָӡ
ɰҵסˡ
٣˵ʲôأУַ£ɱŵһ£ϽȥָסȻʹѹܾˣܾˡԸԼɻҵǸ
㡪ҵµû˵ǿٶֺֺЦ


151 κ
ฮ, ˱㿪ʼæµعˡ
Ա֮ǰڲǴھǵӼ̣ٳЩӣĴҲҪʼ١ΪкͶɶιгЧ, ֮ԽԽ벻, 뿪ʱ䳤, áλ, Ǳ˽¿ӱĽѾѳСɽ, ү˵ǻؾɣʵҹ䶼, ʱҪۡ
æµۣ
ȻҪճɼұȽϺáʰʱ̩үͻȻ˵ôһ仰
ԱߵСڶؿôһֱŮûȤҪΪɮ̩үͨˣܵʲô̼
, ضһ쵽ǸǰƣĽʼɣҧгݵ˵ţλûа㷴Ӧ, ֻĬĬǣ, һ޹ؿͬõء

̩үһŭ
̩үֿʼ𣿡ж߽ʱеĹϸ룬֪ڱԹʲôЦ, ﻹŶ滻õ, Ȣ, ҪʹظأʲôʱȢūմմĹ~
٣жСѾͷҲһЦǰɣ̩ûˣ챻۸ԹҶһӢգȻ䵽ŮСơ
ҲƤЦ˵еûģճ¡ʲһٴˣûĻЩͿֱӸͻˡɲŷд󵱻Ů󵱼ֻֻ¶һֱǸԼͬպǼ¿һˣĲ̡ǸжԸ⣬ǧŮӿϼҹͣչҲô
˵磬Ҫ˵
ţ
жѾͷǻ⣬Ծ¡
ڸĵģѾҳɼҵˡѹͬʢ˻иʹ߹仨԰㲻ڣ㲻֪ǻ˵С顣
ôˣ£Ƕ˵˲衣
һֱĵúúõģ·СԺﱧʵ·˸档Ҳ֪ǲǹģʱ˵Сʢʾ˴ķٲʢơ⻰ķУϸ룬ǰʾʵм̳дεԤף˵Ǿı֮ﰡ˵ģƲҳɼҵ⣬ôʵպ·ˡ
нӹյСشĸҶ
˻ˣҲ
ȷ
ڴд˵ֻеĵ˼ʵ۶ҲǺģǶԻ˵仰ǻáˣ˵ʲôûУִʣǱҲǻá
Աһɵţ˼ʣӲǻСôô޶ЩʲôʢӦֻ֮ʧɣ
֪ص˾ô̾һ
Ȼ֮ʱԼпպӺ˻Σû뵽ô죬ձԴʲĶʲȻǸȺ͵ĳǵλ£ôƾ仰Ϊ˷ֹպС˴ʲпܻӸԴϽ⡣
Ȼʳӣ϶Ǹ״ѹӵ
ǰչպˣӦҲᱻɵȥɣʱ˷أֻҪӰؼλʲôģôأǺܶ⵱еĶթͻȻʶʼ˺ÿ¡٣Ҳܱãʵ۲ϲı찡
üô򵥡ʵܵĻպ˷أֻҪԼʹпܷı֮¡³ɣɽ˿ܻʵۣ°ܣɽȻıս֮ı䶯ͬСȻˣ˵ЩҲ硣
ĵ׻һ仰ǣʵܲ˳ȥصҲδ֪֮
˵ףⶼһ仰Ĳ²ˡ
ֻЩӵֶŮĶֲ²⣬ôʵ۵Ǹˣ߱ضѷӿ
δѣڸλ˱Ҫеľ
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ɶɱæӢü黢Ȼ㣬Щ˵
֣зִ硣Уᶨ
ͳһ񣬶֪ԼȰˡ
ҲաҸ̫ӸҲкʱ˵ˣֵܶ㶵š

ս˻ʵۣҲ֪ǲΪԭ򣬶ɾʲȷǲ̫ĵӣÿᵽʲôǿջЦһ㡣кüζڸʹɫΨڲʵʱ˵˲˵Ļһʱȥˣ֮úѵĻ˵ˣ㵽ļҳⶣʱ
ɶھǶʮδÿԪڣǿֵýʵҲǶŶʱЦÿЩÿؼذɵģоͻԼ̫Ӹ㲻ϵס
ʲ⣬סֱͦӣػشֻأνйϷ棬˿иϣΪݳ֮ûʲʧ
ʵЦˣɫͰ֮顣
ҲʱɳߵĶʹ˸ɫʾԼҪˡ
ֻһۣ̫С
˻ʲ
Żʵۻڸ˵ʱ򣬶һЦţһ߿˵ռ֮ʱһ飬ֻǻ̿Լð˵ʲ۰мӣ˵˳дĵطϣʲĪƽϡ
ʵü߿ϣɶʲô鲻ֱ˵ʲǲġ
һ£дҲһ°ԵĶԼʵߵ̫ӶЩţҲ֪Ǵοڣ
Լ֮Ϣ˵ʲӦ֪ڴô֮УмδйϻʲԷַһԼİţĲַҴزɱҴ׵ҪԱͬҪؿڣ֮ءǣ⼸Ҫ֮أȴһδйɶ˶٣ֵΪס
ʵôһ˵ҲĬʵ밲ѡǱˣֻ˲ŵҲ벻ѡ˭񶼲̫ʣǱߵĹ֮λһֱա뵽ֿ˶ɣԼֶŮȷǳ٣۽羹ôô
ɶǣ
ַҪһĹѫſɷڡʲٳδϲسܵ˴֮Ҳǳвʧ֮ˣԻʲԥˡ̧ۿʵɫûб䣬ż˵ռ磬ʵ֮󣬾ôָ
ڰȻذѻҪ˵ĵطˣԱߵֵžһ
ʵһɶ˼ǡ
ʵǻʲĶӣΪӳΪַӦԷڣκΪҪ֮أһͬպģκַǶҵɴˣҲ£ģκΪʵܵĻʽ㣬̩ΪʵܵĻ֣ھһʱʱ̶ܹ̿ʵܣʱһͬΪʲǡ
˵꣬ʵ۹һݡ
ﻹеԼ˵ʲôطʵ۲¼ɡ
ʵ˵ĻĬá
ü˾ʱʵǹ̫ˣʵ۲˵ʱ򣬺ȥһһҹô̫ԥҪҪڵʱ򣬻ʵ۸ɿһ˷Ӧ
ôޣձѭΪκ
Щ֮УЩ֮⡣
ʵۣʵֻǳЦ


152 ʢŭʱ
ӳԼʱ, ·ϵһվͣ¡
ջعûдϻʵʹ͵ıϾĿ֮ӣǸŻعʵϲʱ䡣ǣɵװع, ʵʹ͵ľôһ, ھ, պŴʣµװ
׼ŵĹ, ͬ߳, ʱһͷĶûи
μ
ȥ°ɡ
ǣ
ߺжת, ɼˣŻعԼq裬Щãôջûǵ𣿡
q˶٣ͷ
ĹпΪǵųٳûдǰ뿪µ, ǵûзϣЩŭﲼƣʮֽ˵, , ֮ǰ뿪¹Բүһ¶ģе˿ҪǴִӾӾȻ仰ϢûС
ѵô
ܰ
Ĺÿ͵, Ҳδö
Ѳ췴ô
ӱ, һзִ磬谭ˡѾڻس·, ˹дҲ١q֪ͬΪֻ֮Ȱöɵγأ˵¹ţϻƽܻ͵ֱߵļ鶼һ⣬ʱ䳤ˣô˶ʼüͷˡ
ɽҧأͻͷۡ

ʱɵѾƽ
лôɵӣԷʱ𶫷ڻʹʵ˵ǷԼЦҾðɣʿûĴ㣬һжĻʵ̫Ϭ㣬ʲ뷴⡣
üŷ˿ʲôһж
ǸʲôΪԷڣ£ģֳʱ̶١⼸㣬ǻӦԣ޴֡ˣҲˣ˰æ᲻췴ĴãҲóдأһ˵˵꣬ͶȥĽĿ⡣
ãԽԽ˲˺١
ɲسŷ
κλѾã֪ġǰǾͲ²˭λǻ˰춼ʺϡнţǽŷַӵȨһΣյ飬ʲ£Ȩڵλ̫ܻýΪĹٸҲ׵Ϊ޹óȻַֻõ˲˼ȥҲ˵ʵܵ硣һв˳ΪַһвСΡΪ˳Ψһĵֻպ᲻췴ѡ
дɣƫƫκڽǾʱ̶ʵǶʱϵģ֮ǰҲδ뵽ⷽ档ʵ۽ʱҲͻȻʵһ㣬Ӷûʵ۷ġ
ǼǾһ
ƽ㳩̸£¾ƻ֮Ŀ͸ʵοг̾һϲüҡɶˣֳģٺ۸ˡ
ƽûûҹģĵ÷ʳ֪ĻΪôءɾ񾢶ôûгɳءһԵлԹ
ЦЦͷ
ϱǰʾʲôͻȻʹ˸ס
ɲǣû仰Ӧˣ˶ƣˡ
Ӵ˶ƣ˰ǿ治С˳Ļ˵Ҳࡣ
ɲǣ

Ψһֱû˵Ķɣʶ˶
ûüѣʹĻ־ͿʼһЦؿ˵Ȼϱô˵ˣպȻʶȤЩɶ̫ʱ䡣Ȼⴺһֵǧûûҹݹﲻаǲɶ㣬ϱ˵ƣˣ㡪㲻̫а
֪ˡ
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Щֻ뵽лˣװø޹ȥɵ䣬˵ɶ㰲οһϱ
ұ졣ҲǱġ
Ҹ˵дսߣܵѹԼ˵ǳɻ֮ڷϣ졭ףƢꡭɶ㣬ŬŬ
һۣƾͼƵûаͦģûһأôɣһ˯
һһһ
жʱ˵ֻ˦ָָ򶫷ɣŭ

ʱգɵ˻صǹ㰲
Ϊ£عٶȻս㰲ǣɱ붫зֱ˵ԼЩ˽µŴлظٳһ¾ͽУҲٻȥ𶫷к󣬶תͷﱧԱ߸q裬жһ˷ȥ

ǰСĵطתԼţʱŭɽߡջعǵӰûǵq裬ٴüң
ǡ
q̧ŭδֿСӺٻᷢƢǽʢŭݲȰֻܹܰһˡ
һЦġ
ʱŶɵ֣ȴı
ɣҪ˼ǹ࣬ˣǡ
ĵʵǺ°
ƮƮ³ôһ仰ն
̤ϸ긮еһУ⵱ҳ𰸡ǣ֮гûǼӰ˶ǰҸ˾ְ˿ҡ뿪ʱû𣬲ʲô仯б仯Ҳûб仯ҡ
ǻʲô£Ҳأ
ʱүڣǾͻ
ǡ
ɳˡ
尾ȹһյʱ䡣
ƽĿ죬ôȴúأϻq߽ãȻڶǰ£ŰݼӡЩ񣬶ǹڽµģɫࡣ
ɳٳδڣҲһֱͷš
Ҳȥˣ֮ڷ·Ǿֹֻܻһ㡣ɡѵİˣҲЩܡɡ
գգۣһ
ǿڿ˵Űݼӣ𣿡˵ᣬ΢ԶһЩ˶С
¹ڸǰ˶⻰شһӣµȸ׷档
Ϊΰֶûдң
İᣬյӷ졣
ǻӣôˣ仰˵ʲô˼ƽǲҲһֱǵĸ֮أأ
ҲΪҳֻϣǿ԰顣ҶɣͲǵ˿Ϊ֪ĴҺãҲĴǺá
뿪ʱĵ˵ҽ⣬أ
˵¹񣡽ϻ
ˣҲҪһķйڡ
ʱĵ׵ķʵѹ˵޲һԵؽĵ׵ĳгڵϵǰͷԽԽˣŭʱ˭ҳ
ԱߵǽһģǣֻЩҲ棬ǹǰߵϻôЦ
ɶôôʢ
ͻȻһϤ
סˡ


153 
ǰ, ￴εӰ
Ȼͼеӡ˳룬һ˲ϤУһ˲Ȼ;ϲһӱӿ˶ɵͷ, ζӳ, ĵ׵ķߡԭס, ֻؿ, 촽΢, ᡣֻԼ궪ǣдŲ, Сȥ
վǰȥַͷڵغţµ˵Ҳڲӿ, ֻܲͣգۣԴţ뱻ߵǿ
ҲôһĻ
ǵһĻķǰ, Щܲ
뿪ߵ, Ѿȥʮôáʱйεľ޴ѡһе, ֻԼеÿһ, Լ, 㡭
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ޱ飬ỹǵ
ɶ
ţеһ
һɶҲѹֲסԼȪӿ

۵Ӧţһֱδ̧ͷֻһվǰȭͷ߬ؽҧþķʽԼⲻ֪Խǿѹĵ׵ܸǷӿǰһ˽һ˵س
ι£ƽ⣻
б飬̷
ɥ뾩˫ס
һ·̫ҪԼȥˣүȴЩίһֱܹһֱС

վ˽Ļֽ߬סۣʧʹޡ

ʵؽкţͺ͵ۿŶ֮ʱһģһ޺ۣ޵ᣬҲʼ˻ƣ鲻һľӡʧõ飬ʧȥʱܡֻһһغŸرŶܡ

Ϊʲôղɶ
ɿ޵ʧ˺ܾ֮󣬲ŻطſԼ֡ԭصС벽ؿ򶫷ܵݣһƣǰ¡
˵һ䡮ݼֻܳһݣͷߵڵϡ
һֱһĻ˿̲ſһﾾʹûжôѹΪָоз֮ʹ޷ܣϲôѹģΪӽİɱҲǹ¶֮ˣܷף룬ΪԼײһھ
ݼ
Ҳͬ£涫ɽһ仰˵˳

һƽ֮󣬳ЩΡ
һ£ûжԶԣȻ˷ԸΥɷŶɲ֪ϸ˺ôĻȻֵ˵޵ǰң˫ۺƺң˿ҹڵϵǣֿ˿ߵĶܣһƬպ졣
һʱļˡ
ǡһڣ͸¶һ˿ɳơҴˣɡ
̧ۿߵͷٰݡ
лӡ
Ǵ඼Ͷһ޵˫ۺףǹſɷŵģ˺ѷεĿﶼһһۡϻĨ˴÷˫ȣǸˣϵıŤˡ
ӣһȫ£ûкúӵ𷣡¹ԾɹڵϲüͷΡ
̾Զԡ
˴ΣǽסģͲҪˡĶܵЦһԼŮұɶһϲԲй¶䡣Ҳ͸ķʽһɶδ¡ɶĪ֣Ǹľ
Ļһʱżҡҽա
ֻ֪һʱ鼱ܴϻǶ˵ĸı䣬֪ɶѾˣ¶һ棬жҵ

ĸм
ԭްһ֡
ʱҩʯȷ棬ǻʵ˽Ҳ˰˸Ѱۣŵ֪ʱĺƿؽίʶȴ֢ĸˡǺʵ۴ڳԼصĶԴΪкƿ˽£뿤ؽίԲߣҪȶܵʱҷ漰֡
ɷı֮£ԶܻĿŵҽʵǳֻһᣬƾͼöһأ֮˻ίϣѰ˾Ρ
ⲡһαǴ꣬ȥĩܵӲָ߶
Ȼ˵ǱסˣǶҩʯ棬׹֮񣬹ĶܲȾʱҲЩ
ˡ
ܹԼŮƽܹҵԼˣ£Ŀ֡
𣬺ǹΪεʱĺƿ޹ְˣɾ̾յϧȻ˿δܲ¡
ɶ뵽һ㣬ѾϻۡɶҲѾ˲ΪټôЦˣοΪΪɶôѧɳ¡
ɶĿʼղȫ
һǫãĶʲһ²ۡ
ʲôһЩס˵鰡ȻӵԲ²⣬֮ǰʲģΪԼ˼ءտʲȷһ׽ˣܶԼľǸ治ãȨ֪ġ
ԱߵĶһֱϸϸ飬Щ񣬱ֿԱߵɶǲЩ黹ûи
һãȻ
üˡ
ͶĿ⣬æͷȥ
ԡж裡
ǰھǣܡ
ʱֻǶ˭Ҳûһļ޶ΪޡǳɻʱѾ̣ûкǱ¸衣
ջظϲڼԼŮôϰ죬ˡǷ˵һݼǲԼŮѾɼҡЦӯӯԽԽͶɰ䣬Խ߾Խۡ
٣ȻȢ˼ң
٣治ҵŮ
ӣˡ
á
ɱվܸǰһͬ¡ڣи׶ܣĸǣж߰æݲ裬ʵ˴龰ɹЦӹյ˫ֽӹתܣȲ衭
ܴЦˬؽӹյһǡò裬ò裡ǶϱĲ裬֮úš
ɸЦˣԶ뿪һЦôɡ
Ǻߣ˼ؿڶߣٵǾִ١
Īߣ̫ϲˣյþΪǸеˡһҲ𿪻Цʮ»ļơ
ֵʱ̣ͻȻˡ
̩үһһسſڣĵشţɶʲôóԡ˰
һЦ


154 δ
˺òסŵҪܵĶ, ַ˺ôŽǰ
ֽ̩үһɵڶߣʱ͵͵۵ľ֮ɫ
常ԥ, ڹڣ, Ҹ֪𣿡
㸸ʹΪ, ²ֻ֪΢Ц, Цĥ͸Ҳ, ʵ۵߱鲼£ܵһֲ߻, ᲻֪һ֪ΪءҵҲôˣɶѾΪѳʷֻˡ
, ĵҲŸ̾
Ľȷõİˡ
常ģ̩֮ھ, ˽ǿ֮, ©ġɶոջعŽӷ֮㣬ҹֶ常ɡй˵
, Ƿĵġ
⻰, иԸ˸Ͻæȥ˭֪, ˵ôһ仰̩үʹ
ôҹ磬ɵúúüһҵ
һʱҭס
ôģ常ǹ̼ɣ

ǣʹڡ
붫̻ع󲻾ãʵ۱ʥּ֮ڵΪκһǰأκ֮¡ֻԼ󹬲øʱκǰκԭĳӴκʮٴκʽƹκ
ӵּʱҲǸж£Ͼʵ۵ĲԽ磬ͶӵĴԽȫʹӸôĵط䲻ȾôԼĵ̣ۺûڴơ
ʵڲ֮󣬵ҲȥһĹ
ѭպ뿪ʹȥ˷أʵǵİʵѵõؽӱ˻ƺΪĳ·ͷһʯԽ䱸Ҳ᲻١ԼӣԼҲԲ۾ʼǸӣʱʵЩϧ
ҲϣԼĶӲ̣ǻʼܻݶȨУΪ˱֤°ò
̫ƷԴ˺㣬ֵܷɢأǱȨȫ֮ߡ
ѭʵĸҲȰСӵԴ̧ۿʵʱЩᡣӷַԹĹأѭǻϵĺȻҪΪϷǣΪһϷģ檻չѭġ
ʵЦЦ
СҲЩʱˣСӰ۾ǻ˯ʾԱߵ
ūȴκ»طЪˡ
ȥɡ
Сӱȥ֮󣬻ʵ̾һ
ϣЩɻΪСӲһ¡ǲæ̫ˣ
塭ʵỽ
壬֮ǰ䡣
ôˣ
ּѭǰѭʮκ塭ֹޣʵתͷĿ顣
һ֮¶Ϊ˳ѭãôֻϣ
ͲɻΪ룿
ҡͷ檵ȷûɹϡ
֮ǰɵķʵ
˵ûǷΪκǶԻλǴкôֻǻʵҲĹյκС˷ʤиƣףһĸǼп˰ڲģʵ۲ģǣжкͶڣĿɼദĿȾ֮£ôҲΪһµĺӡ
ֻҪӻûκôκҿɿءö֮ƹκκûʵ۰š
ôһʵջûж
ҲգֻҪûԹԣշջ׻ʵĵġ
Ȼûޣûޣô޾ͷˡʵվ˳Ʊ㽫Եﱧסˡȫģһַ̾˵պĸӶ뿪˻ʹ֪ǻܼٴΡԶǵ飬ǵõ޼ĵһ桭
￿ڻʵۻУ˵

ǹ㰲̩
ɫҴ·Լĺ԰ŵĶôŽɫһ£һת䣬оԼź񿴵һϤӰٻͷһȻƼڲԶ
ԥˣԷ׼뿪ʱǽס

˻ͷЩȡ
Ƕµ輧֮һ
նҲʹ輧գʵʱɳȥҹĪ˾輧ͷļñǶµϻq衣輧֮ҹĪαСҲ츳ߣյ֮һѧͻᣬзǳء
˵þ֮ǰʢݷã£Ҳȥ̽ʵ
ⱲӱӦöǶεĸ񶫷ɵһĻڻ¡ĳһ꣬ȴһг˸ı䣬鷢չԶԤ⡣
һβȥߵʱ
ӡ
ʮߣǻ껪һƤңƽвŶ˼гֻ߽ǳǳӦһ֮ǰؾִ񣬺һΪ㲻ڣ
һ˼ɣӳԸǲҪ¶棬Ҳֻӵ˼شʱޱ飬û̧ۿǳĮжԴЩ̫ϰߣߵһ˲ʹĸоһʱҲصҪ¶һ£һҲһ¡ǴִҶû㣬㾹ȻŲң
ҪҲӡ
Ҳ˼
ӣûԸȸˡ
˵һֱСˣеĸ졣û˵һˣ뿪ü졣
ˣЩ
ǰɲô
ǻΪڵʱʮ崿ŵǧС㣬Ҳɫ˵ÿ˶н񣬻欵иǰǸüĿ顭Ƕã¶ҪСﹴ˻ȥٺһִ˾ƻ򶫷˵ʱλֱڶеĻ˵һ䣺үūֻߡ
ʱԼ飬ֻЦʱûҵߣ
ֽĲӣһֱսڿҪ촽ʱԾ治ɫĲͣסˣֻЦŷſת˵ʹɡ
ʱܻİϷֻϷԣûзϡؾĴˣҲӷ·ܹѵıʿĿбӣվɡ
ﲻ죬ǾһпԼйء
ܣ˺ööΡ


155 ˼
һʲʵΪκ, ͷ룬ں¡
²ûʲȷĴ٣, պ󲻺ù
, ǰҴ÷, 鳭ǼҼҲʱ, Ƿڳ
, 㷢ˣ
ȷǻĿˣίˡ
ǰ, ί㰲Ŵ£ȥƸ֡ˣҲ뿴ɶǸʲôģ

ϣ붫ܸŮ̸
ǰһǣʱȤ, 񣬶ĹȤšżɫɻĻ, ܰһж, ֱ֮̿̾ɶʵ̫ǰԼˡ
ǰĸڵʱҲ㣬ʱ䲻׼ҽ¡Լ, Ǿ̲ס΢΢, ·Լ˾ࡣɶɲҪ˵߶ҲҪķʵ, ޹ˣ¾͸÷ŵһߣ²ġҪָ㽭ɽΣɻ˼ңչ˼˵ı֡㣬Ҫ
̵ܽͷԼԵһ֡
߶ģ֪ģ
һ˸
һڣмȻҲдǻദˣɿóĲɡûʣֻרĳԷ־㱻ҲҪװ⣬Ƕ۰
ɺþöûԹôˡ
˳ģպٴ⣬Ҳη塣
²ʮ¡
Իʵڳһ䲼ʥּ˵겻˰̩֮عҲڹ̣˺ͨʱΪ½·䣬Ӵ˺ϱͨͬ꣬ɰֽһıʿ߽طũ֣࣬㲦ڴ˸Ʊʿũػصطŵһѫְλá
һһ¼䣬°䲼˲ߣкõģҲвõģССϼԼʮɷƵĸĸ֮Ρٹǵе򣬶óִֶ̩˱仯ʵ֮ģµĿҲ첻٣ܺõ߶ݣҲǰǿ
Ƕ˵λүӣһ
˭ֻ֪ʵ̾λүеһλǾʮĳ÷꣬ڸ洦¶Լļ⣬ܸλ
Ҫ
ղҪ֪ڸλˣؼ֮Ĺ¡
³
չ޴£ǻеСʢȴʱͻȻྩ˵Ҫӣ֮λ˵ʵ۴һӱͬˣֻл˵ʢĵ֣֮ǲ򾫱פʢ߾աʢʹ߳ϻ̳Ͽֻּ֣ܽ⴫ʢʢЦؽ£ȴŭɽߣһ
鴫ԭΪЦ
˾ôļƣôҸʶʢҴٸӶʹЭ˵ģʢΣѣɹפͬЭʱΪôһ죬ȴ룬Ҵ֮ʢзɡ˳֮󣬶顣
ͬصͷ˼
ҲǲƵһɴ˿ɼǿɾһ򣬻ʲհԶҪѧϰǡ
öӶЦһͬŲ߳빬á
кü͵͵˿̶ǵıӰ˽Ц
Ƕλү֪
빬Ĺ㰲˶һ˵ǵ¼ĽвġǵĻ˽´ģҵĴǱõǮ˼ﾺүͶ߼ղصģҲСͶ߼ղصģʮ֡
ƣλүЦģĺӢúÿĳŮǵıӰЦ
ΪʲôҾûôء


һƬԹ֮
뿪빬Ͷзֵ󣬶ɱԼȥظ·ϣ¹С鲽س˹ЦڸǲסԶܿ¶һڴ

ؿһۣԭͣ¡
²μӣ¹Цǰ
šôЦôģ񵽽𣿡
㣬Ǳȼ񵽽ӻҪĵ°¹ЦӣȽ¶ǰˣ칷סĥӲݣͷͬˣҰ칷˵ΰֳ˵ǲһϲ£
Ƚ޹ãͶϡǰ칷һֱͬ⣬̹˵ԼȽų֣縸ͷĻȽź޾ͱһ𡣶ӵ̫࣬˽ǼԼû뵽칷ʯһӲ뷨ҲᱻȺү滯ģ
ɴһţе㱾°ôĥӲ֮Ȱ칷Ƣ
¹˲Ҳ£ȸԾţǼأ͸ÿ쵱ֵ֮ʱǻطϢʱ칷ѭѭգúý̵ĥӲأǵqԳ칷
Ŷ֪ˡɲش˻֣ʾȻqҲˣֲûôɹԣ͡
ǰӣǸ缸ÿѺôء
˱˵ˣҶ
ӡ
ظظ
ʵ칷ʼջͬġ
ɰ͵ЦƵġ
Ҹ˵ǺҪ¹еίҲй͵ˣŲΪ칷һ칷ͷͬء
ǻͷ˵Ҳ٣ɷ¹ͷۣ֮ǰȥˣⶼʮˣһϢҲû𣿡
รǱҲϢҡض֪Ϣ¹аһЦ
ǰǲ¹ȥ̽е顣
Ϊʱľٶʵ̫ˣܻǼ輧ֱ˲̽̽ǲ롣¹˸ȽŵĴϲ£һ±ǹڶС
˼ɫ࣬˽ʧѾõмƣڣ̩үһµ֪Ϣ¹װһɣģڶǰⲽü̾ϣ̩үֵµһ輧Ȼе¡Ǹ輧һֱԼ⣬˵Լ̩үаĽ֮ģΪ̩үˣ뿴輧̩үⰡ̩үôһεһȥⷬŮûġ
㶣־ò̫ԡ
ô˵һ輧˼Ĺ£
²̽Ϣ֪ġ
һҡҡͷ
ӦãⲻӦһ˼Ĺ¡


156 Ե
ҹ
̩ĸۡڴ˿̾ĵ, ѾЪ̩ү޵ǻŵƣ޵˴˿ڵĶҲһ飬˶ֲ̩֡ү޵󷽲ԶмµСԺ, סŵı̩үĸ¡ҹĪΪ׵輧ǡ
ҹ, Ҷط, Ψһδޡ˵ߵԺ, ʱ̧ͷҹе, Ȼǵͷ˼һصӡ

ΪеĸѾкöˡһμʱ, лǸɣֻһʮСѾͷ޹ʡ
ʱ˷ӵʮѾͷҪǰͻᱻӴ, в˵ǵƤһ¥ȥҲӡ
һڴ, ȽСС, ׼ȻӾͻǰߺȣ˵񹦣߹·ҪǮǮ, ûǮ˳
оʱǡ·, 緢ִ, һޡ
ʱһ£Ϊ񣬵±ʱ˵ȫһƬ
ҪѾͷ
ʶƿڴ⣬ϰԵسŵӳһһ´ϣ˵˱Ҳɻʧ
ءҪصҴˡ
ѾͷӻǮ㣬С¶
صһӻԼձȻҪˣǣһȴڴ˿̷ɳһӣҶ䡣
Ӫαذ򡣡
һ۵Ⱥд̧ͷȥֻԼСΪͦüĿƮݡ󻹸ż̴ӣ˼Ʋǻ޾ɢ
ҹܽҼҹŮλүкθϵŭĿӣǰڶԷа֣
ŮǡЦ˵׹ŮôȷôͲΪ˸
˵˵ʲôǰǼ̴ӵ˳ȵ
̴ǳøߴҲ׺úܣһ۶η⡣
ޣӳԱص˼ɥڵϣɴһѽ˵˶۸٣ҲߣԼҹŮȥܴ֮ͬˣҺΣƣߣ
ҡ
ٿޣӾͰˣ
ԭϻ⻰ֹͣ˿ֻıԾίҲɳһ𣬷ֲˮᡣ
վԭأҲ֪ʱʲô뷨ֹ˷ӣߡ
λүҼҵ£
Ů£㿪ۡ
һ㶣ϵı˲Ϊϲ
м˲бӣȻ浱ȵˡ
үȤѾͷɿ֣Ǵһ¶УȻָͷ㣬һϸģЦǣүɡ
һݡ
˵ʵڻʱ򾩶СռҲӡ
ռԡŮָǸŮʵСǹˡ
ǡ
УҸӣҵˡ
СС͵ĶУھѧ˶˰ڳһ鵭Įӣ˫ֽмϡ
ǷӵǧлسҾ֮󣬻Ƶǰ˵Ѿͷˣ
ʮݣƵǰ֮Щ֪룬ϹֱۣСү
𣿡
ȥ˾õľţһϺõİᣬʮ˵ԡûĲȣݻ۽硣ڼֻڷŵ̴ȫ⣬ųٶԱģЩ벻
šԥһ˵ͷ
еͷ۾رЦЦ˵벻ǣֻܸ˵׵ɴ󷽷ظңҲẦġ
ûСүû˻Լǰ
ǴҾ˾һġ˵׵Ҳϣҡˣƭġ֮ǰ֮ǰ˵ȥ˵ֻʮ
µ˵ţ΢Ц
˵󣬶ֻһ֣һ̴Ŷ룬ͷʵʲôԸ
ˣһ¡ֻǵЦʲôû˵
ס
ôǸ̴ӽǸ̴뿪Զе仰ҲǺ⡣ǺϰԼǰүһʱ֮䣬֪Լ˵ʲôʲô
Ҳǿľִ٣ԷʱһֱೢǰĲˣ˵һһ㣬ǾǳĲʽò
ڣʱСǡүպʲôԣҡлл㡭
лңҲûʲôнһ⣬⡣ˣʲôְһûü㡣
ҽзơ

д۾ɻ
ƣЦãһСңзƣղǸ˵ȡ𣿡
ͷ
񻰣СԴҡø˹ƵģģǾòףİµУҸȡһ֣
֯Σϼԡ
㣬
ÿɺã
ʲô˼
ͻСϴδʶ֣֪Щ秵ĵʡЦˣ³ظһ裬˵˼㣬õľɫ
⻰һŶеЦ˵

үҵĸЩϢɣ糯ء
ˣͰЪ
Χ̫ˣԴ˿кЩ룬ҲܰѶ޵ĶԻԼš
ĸˣ
̧ͷһɫһ紵񣬴ӸոյĻ˳þöûȥǰˣΪǰ¡
ֳ̧°ͣԶ̩Ѳҹ·һԺз㿪ѯʣôˣʲôأ
ǳھԼΪı֣һ棬Ƕ˵Ķعġģ̫ˣһۼ˻ᰮϣڶۼ˾ͻв԰Ρ˭Ҳǰһ˴СѾͷ۵ĻȻˣʵҲ֪¡
ֻ˵ԵСԽҪˣ۸򶫷иûꡣ
ֻһʱ˳ߣͻȥˡݸһЦ̨Լȥߵǰعͷ򶫷޵ķ򣬼ǶĵƻϨˣ뷿Ȼذϡ
춼ˡ
ЩЪϢ


157 Ѿ
һ~أ
~ã
޶԰~
ɣ
һ󻶺, ͬ㰲ը˹ƺƴ󣬴Բһء
þöûôֹˣϾƽսҲ¡ף, ˻֮ºͿ, ҲûŵƽһĴûᡣǸִһСƺʹ߸, м§Цȭ, м˽С̴ÿ, ߺһģ·ȥ
үϲ~
м龫, žƵĻҲֺһԼӣűơɺͶжһֱϯ̸ЦÿƵģǾСһڱʾʾҺȶࡣƽְ, ʲôʱֵأ
ҶûżҲʲôһھƣЦˡ
ϲ, ǶɵĸȽź¥޹Ļ¡
ϴ칷Ȱ, Ľչࡣ޹ﱾռ˲Ҳ̸ʲôײףֻҪȽ߲⣬þͼã¥ӵŮ, ӼҲϸɾ, ĵϧŮͬ޹ȥ
ǳ, 治ر硣
ΪȽֻǶµһţԵסĶң˵ӭȢޣӭһ·ֻƸһСν̧ţźôһ·ɽȣ͵ΪǶ׼С·
Ƕ˵ϲ¾Ҫ֣ͬԲ̩˹ԷȾƣͼ˶֣ҲǸȽӡ
£ԸԳˡĵӦ֪ɣȽȢǸ¥һռˡ֮ǰȽ¥ֳ£ж鶼Ϊ𡣡
֪ҲȽȥ¥ǸùֱߵľƱһ˫۾ֱΧ˴ЦҲá
ǰɣҲǸʵͦõģֻΪǰ칷ᣬ˵Ļ²ŵ鵽ɡҺãճɾûʲôź˵ŻͻȻ뵽ʲô㻰һת׸Уֵ֪µˣպʲôţŻֵһȺ輧֮ȴɱ֮ʵɴ˿ɼҲ÷糾֮˰ɣ
ǵȻеһ֣һһٵǿǺù
ЩﶼܹеĶݣΪġ
ҵöвʲôСˣһֱҲûгԹĿ
νִʵҲŪ֣кͶԷĳ棬Ƕǵ㵽ֹӲߵҪһȻˣִв²⣬Զа˹ѧϰͰɱ֮вܿƵԼΪϣôС
ҲǶмϧ񣬹ǲŻѶеĲǲ׵
һ㣬ɸʰ·硣
һȺùһȺСӡ޳ǿɲýˣǶԶۣ㱣֤ߵ˶ƷһĺȢ˵ϱⱲǺ÷øסЦţⲻȥɵı飬ҿֵµ輧ǰһĺùأҿɵúúָǡ
ɶǹ¼£š
žƱ

ʱ֣ʤĶ˳ϯq޹
ڰʱǰʹϯ뿪صˣΪɫƣҪϢɱһ𣬿˵ˣ˴ϲɨ˴ҵˣٶһԱ߶٣ɷһСѣ˶˼ѾƸ˸ˡƹѲȵģq輰ʱСүɾҪˡ

СĽ̨ףԶԶԣɱˤˡ
ѽ˰
ҲǵģΪ̩үĻҲôƴɡ
Уȼô˵滰ˣߣ˾鷳
ӵġ
˻޹·һֱĿģ·ŤqĶ̫󡣺ڻ޹·ԶٶҪˡqСĵذţü˵ͷΣͣһ涫˳ΪƶŻ¡
Сĳ̫ˣǰѱ˵µԼġ
qۡ
ǰô
ǰͻȻqѭȥæӦ𣺡q裡Ӻȶ˾ƣ̫
⻰æҴҵظ˹qһ߷Ŷһ߽λøӷϯ̩үĻý͸̩ү˼ѣ˶ˡСЩȽӷصɡ
ãqˡжѾͷȥ׼һЩѾˮë
ǡ
ɢͷֻһۣӦѾ˯ˣµĶֳ޹qΪ˶ɷůģ¶ƴ裬æСرϣȽس޹ȥ
衭ôҡΰ
ɣȶˡ
ûСҲûء
ͻ޹ѵڴֹšѾˮѾ͹ˣѾͷǺqģҲþǡ˶˳ȥȥѾش˼¶ȣӴսߣι¡
ɰۿԸɵЦ
Цʲôˡ
ιġԻôûȡôͺԺˡֱ̧ǰӴˮһ˴ߣմ˶ɵϡµ˻ȻڴɵЦ˸Сһͷᡣ

ιѾǸˣĵӿҪ˵ĳ嶯
ҩѲѾ֪Ǵˣǿ϶һ˴ѵڣٴӻڱΪѵġ
ɣҲ˵㲻ҪôƵ𣬲ǲǣ
š
ҲŻðͰʱͺȶ
ûУҲûкȶء

ƵؽѾŵһߣȻ󽫸ղմҩıҲšȥɵ·˯Щͷһֱǰ¿۴ѶѲˡ
˾ƵˣôûûصġüҲĵزŪŶɵ֣ѵؿʼ¿ۡǸоԼڶ·һֱ㽫Լ˫һţ첻ϳˡ۰
⧲ڶɻֺֺЦ
㲻ϳĻûԼȥôʱҪ˵ˡ
ߣ˵ʲô
˵㴺ڲ֪ҹ̰
⻰۾رſˡ˼ûиղôͷǡ
ҷѾơ
ȴһ£ͷϷڵļ˿˳׹ţҡҡλεǰڶеܾȴرܵӣò˼ˣ۳ȵؿ
ôãûԹһ¡ҹñһΡ
ԭھȴˣѵ˸ô
㡪ҧ´ͣò̳ǡᡢһ㡭
Ѿʹˣ仹е취֮˻ع


158 
ڶһ, жСѾͷɵ޹
ƿţжʶͰŸˡ
⡭
жһƬպ졣
ôжСѾͷûΣΪǳײӲðжعֹֻǻ˻˵һ, Ҫͨһ¡
, վ, ϴ, 󻹵õ̩үǱ顣
Ȼ󾲺ôʱ, ﴫOO@@˵ҲƮƮ, ˵ұѾƲ
ǡжӦ񣬷ԸһѾͷȥ׼ˣȻԼ޹֮ڡ
СѾͷǽΪ޹ʵҵúܡ
գжߵҲ򶫷ġ˭뵽λƺĳЩܼҵ, ޵֮ڡʲᡭһۿȥ뵽ĳЩж̲סһҡ
šҲҵúܡ
ðж̾
巢ʲô£ʵѾǵò̫ˡѹͿж޹ʰʰǶ, ּ˵е㲻, Լµ˫СүԼ²⣬ѡֱӵİ취ɶ
Ҳ޴İ취
ۣûصһ, ҧгݵ졭
жʰ, Ի̲סһЦˡɵ, ԹҴʱôôÿ˾ɵɵ˲٣ǰ龰ϸ룬ǿⶫɢ֪ǶҹսңתءжЩˣæϵ·ڻȻ˵溰СѾͷ̡
˵ϡ
˾ͲҪ£Ҳ~
Ҳţ
ҹŲš
СѾͷǽʱ򣬶ɻں죬ֻŶ̿ڴϣʱʱе֫ӴѴҶࡣСѾͷֲҶ죬һŶųһУλע⵽ǡ
֡סҪצӣһվŵѾߡˣôСһЩϴȥĪõ˿Ц
ߡɲӣҪ
㡭
һ
࣡
Цˡ
߰ϲѵˮǿүõһ졣

һ˯ѾǴ⣬ĳЩ˯ֻͷĿѣԼ̩֫үˣΪòʣԸɴЩ𴲣Ȼϳ˳鷿ĵ伮Һ⼸첻æµȻ޹ȱϯɲⰡ
ˣϾԼãֺαضҪôء
̩үԡ
ʢȺСڹǲΪˣս·棬ӦֻҪĵ֮ɡԣ֮ǰʹ˵ҪʹãºûĹº󣬶б̿˴ͼúоһ´֮Ĺϵ
Ͼش׼շս¿ɾæˡ

Щԥ
²μ
񡣡
ͻȻ̴̧ͷȥֻԼýɫã˿һҹѹӡкɵشģүǸո˯أһû˯
ﻰЦسȥһ£һû˯ôôþȫҹ˯ǰѾҪ»˸Ҳϡ
ҲŲءаһۣǹԹԵúܡ
߽鷿ûú󣬱Сľ̴Ŷ룬ǰ¯µϡΪвϲɹҲĵط鷿ǰɴ壬ɹλõڸǵĽǶȡһ߿óͻȻϸѵá
һ㶼ܳΪ߲ɻȱ˰ɣ
ɶͼ
á
Ϊ޹ȱϯ糯öֹⲻȥģԶʱ˲١˳Ŷָķ滭Ľ߽һһģ˶Ҫ˵Ļ
Ͼǹ¶ʱĬء
Ȼ󣬿ǹŽᣬñǰʢ˵ҪǴӳˣǾСһ֮
е˵ͷ
˵Ĳȷĸ󻼡ֻһ㡭ָָĮԭķԭشвٲ䣬Ȼ˸٣սҲʶǰսǼ֧Žһ³ΪһôҲò
ԭ䣿
ԳɣŽͼ
ǵȷǼ֧ŷɥĶ顣
ǲʢ߸ԼľƣֻǼ֧ɢĲȺвͷӣÿֻٻǧˣɢԭطΪƽǾˮˮԷǲԭĪ⣬ż˴֮꣬⼸֧һûûˮԴǾͻ֯ӱ£սַ߽ļǳء
һЩСսۣȡʤΪ࣬ΪǼΪó֮ս
սʤǻӶһЩԼҪʳˮĮʤƷḻҲ겻ţʤƷ٣Ǿͻһһεع˴ء
տǷ͸ǰ
ԭλڴԱĵطǶǾУǻƺ⣬Ǿ֮˽⣬ڲķҲ˲٣߽פؾˣʱʱЩìܡǰǰֿУǺþǰˡгһüͷ壺ô϶ѧϰǵľԼϡ
ü
ιӢ
оֿԭ˵İ취Ҳкɵ֮ս£ֻ÷ǣ˭˭Ӯأ̴ˣǱضԪˣǿɾ͹вˡ
Ǹͬأ
⡪
ö˲ԼͬǰĽͼȻͬǰǡ
ܵģ
ƷԼĲ룬Щܻطš
漰һҵΪһ֮ʲôǲءɵҲЩҪѶжжϲ̫ۡϵŮΪŮ˽ʲô£ҳޣʱָ˭
гĬţֻҡͷ
Ҳ˵öŷɡ
֣¹شǱҪѻʲ̫Ӹ磬ûⷽ棬ΪӣӦΪ˴롣
˿ҵ˵仰ֱߵһհۣȡǺպīˮ׼д¸ղŵĻһסüͷţֹ
֡
ҡдɡ
ڵغţԥʹı飬ƺһĵľ


159 ϥ»
ȽŸ޳֮, ٲҪȥү밲ʺá
˵ǲûѪԵϵֻӱǳһү֮, ̽ȻԽԽáһ, ȽűԼסСԺǰ, qϻһ, ֵúܡ
Сɿɰ, С, ϲ
үСڻЦСҲǸõͿЦͣСҪܵĺӡܼȻֹյǰ, һһСˣִ˲ƣ
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ȽЦ, ȻͷһԵޣе㲻˼
, ү⻰µȻף¡ԵΪ
˵ʲôأæ䡣
˼״ԹЦ
ǽչ˭ɶأ
ү¹˸źء
ԣ˵ͷ
¹ƺǰ˲٣
ǵġ
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Чз¹ȱǿһ档
¹ĵλѾ칷ȽֵܣΪɵĵĸ
ɶȱˣΪ£ҪΪ룬Īʲôί˵ŻһСظСԴ˯࣬ǰվļ˵ҲҪľӦ֪ɶһʲôĵλ
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Ƚŵӣѡͦõġ͵
ԭգҲҪġ
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ŸʰСԺĶȰĦĦʱɵһЩ¡ܵӹǴǰˣ߼˵ʲôǣӣȾϷ纮߿ԲֹǳĥүֻЦЦһƵģ
ܻͺܺˣҲ̫
ȵϻ⻰ͿˣԼڱһһĨᡣԸ٣СԼһĳŵ̫ˣڵ¾һæﲻϡº𡭡
ǸʲôӺǿ޿䡣ļһ̾ȻһҲܳϣһҪȥģʱ򣬻ҪǺúչ
ү
ϻ˵ˡ
ܰ˰֣Ƶ
۾úõ˯һ
صԼʱ򣬻صڡɶѧӡ

ɶ
ʲôʱ˯µģ
аɣȥæ

ЩԺش˯ѹۣ㿴ԼŮǰ裬Լǰ߶Сһ·Ǻʱģ
ˣæе۷£ҲеĲ豭ǰ˵
Щˣ˯һʲôʱˣܷŶͷһ²ݵǰ̧һֻվǰʮֹɿϲ
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á
ܴȺ͵Цţĸο
յʱʲôأҵǣԼһֱ䰮ŮôˣҲҲ䰮ˣڣǶš
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˵մˣǰһͬıһ¡ɲ˼ЦЦ
ԶأΪûã±ΪѣԿ˺ܾáϴλؾ˸⣬˵ؼУԴʱ䣬պд㡣ƻôģԶ˵ҲǸƲߣˣװģ

Ҳ֪үܵĿΣмƲ߲֮һ࣬һΣ岻ټԶ¶ڣ˭֪ǴëһдһŰ̥շУ̥ҩȱ֮
ãŪٳˡ
մ˿ɿˣǸļƲв˵ŻжŮֽƣǸʱʱֵľϹմת˵㰲һֱл񡭡
⼸龫黹󵨰̾鲻ת֪㿴ҰǲƤ
~
æ
Ǹֿ֪ǻ̩үΪξòȢޣ
รջЦ֪ΪΣ
Աߵ⻰̲סݸҪһֳĵˡ
һͬЦˡ
Ϊʵں氡һҲˣôһˣȢ񲻹¶ұȥʹ֣˽ȥ顭ɼԼָһôôƤı飬æģֻǹֳ
ܳЦˣǺΣ
һʼʱ͸¶ڵĸֽĸŮĵ˼δãûȢޡ
գ˵ͷˣǰŮݷǴʱһС벻Ǹôˣת۶ˣûء˼ǹҲôˣз˰ɣ
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С̴ÿ죬ҲýôΣһء
˼ĹһЩζƽ״Ե֣ʱҵԵˣɴҲгƲ˵ɧֿջԵ
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λүŰɫ, ͷϴν, ŵ߹ѥ, ڵýɹԺһ·ǶŶпѶжЩԺˣ̲סɶʲôණɣôܿң̫˧ˣ
ɰһۡ
ôǳԭֻԱһŮ֮εĲˡ
ΪŮңԺܶ๫Ҫر, ԶӴСüţվڶ߰Сʱ, ҪҪʲ˵ĹıأӵȽŮҵԪأǿġ
´˾, Եݳ˷ѡ
үѡ
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ּԺߣ·ϹԱڶ࣬ʼ˽£öġֱ󣬹Ա˱ţбȲȥȻ԰յɵ˰뱭ơ
ɶţ˵ʲô
ĺš
ɿһۣЦ⡣
ʵ˵ϣֲҪ֡һСھƣ˵ãֵµһ輧ǰɣ֪˼ҵ⣬ȴһֱûиκλӦһ㣬ʵǾòס
һ޻˵ð취Ϊָһ١ɵȻ޶ۻֲо˼⣬Լʲôû㶮أƾͼƣ˵Żöз˼Լġ
⻰ͫ׶ڷŴ
ƽʱݵ˿̾ǵ˿ڳԣ֧֧˵һľӡ
ɲԹԵɿ
㡭ǣҡûһ֮У뷴ǿһƶ㿪ʼԼҵ輧֪飿أô֪£
һƷС¶׵һֱ֮ˡֻǻ֣Ů˽ͬҲǴ£һҵˣⷽ棬ɲСưɷһƣлҪ˵ֱӰѾƱݹȥȺһѾơ
ɶҺ
Ѿưɡ
ɲɷ˵˵ڶơ
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ƹѲѶкȵеԺ
ԭ˵Ǹ輧˭Ƕ̫ˣ˵˵ţѶ˵ˣӣͷ˼ԼԼƽ˺һù
ɼЦ
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޹ĬһȻҡҡͷ
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һƶǶ

ǡ
ǰ̩үʽӡ˽ʷҵھվյʱɳרʳǡ
鶼ҪʲͬսʱҪһʱͨľ飬ݵһ̰֡
ϣ鴫

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ʳ֮ڣʵ۶̫Ӷ˳֣ϢɴҲˣӶ˲Լֱͬӣ۰Ͱ͵ضģǺüûյϢһ
ʵ۽ӹȥ̫Ŀתض飬ֳһֵ顣ɱ𼱣޿Ȼ㿴
ȻǸȹĿ
ΪϢһдĶǶкͶȤ£ǣʵ۶һֽԽ¿üͷԽԱߵ̫ӿݣԼϸһģҲŵòСôѵɶʲôô
ʵۿ깫ݣɫء
̫С棬ͻȻҲе
ʣ£
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ּ̩С
˵ɶоսʱֵı׶ˡͱ磬͸ССȴ£ٷչʮ꣬뵱սʢ̬Ⱦƫκһƽദ֮ǰʹһ»ûģΪʵۻҪµӦӦá
ϣгǵһ²⣺˽벿ֶԿ
ǶȺܵ꣬ӼҲҧˣοҪıչҲûпܡ
̫ӿ飬صһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ʶԣΣ
ʵۺܿ״̬һӣƽؼղû̫֡˼һ߿ϵսһ߷شΪȷֿܵġ˵ŮֶθҰģôһ֮
ӶһĶõ壬ƵҲûңеѷѽĳ档ʵЦˣЦƺǾ̫ⷬЩɣûпǴ֡
̫Ӳ
ӢǸˣ²Ǻпܵġʵһöӣ̫ûпǵλϷţɱһСƬȻŮӣҲҰģ²Ҳпܷǡ
ʵͣһ£̫ӡ
ǣ
ɶһмˣǸҲŮӡ

̫סˣ˵
λ߳õŮҲϲŮô
ʵЦˣȫΪĲ²ⵣǣءһϵĿ˵Ҫ֪һмʱױӶʲô¡οŮӱͶ飬ҲŮӣһٴҰҲᱻĵ봳ãҲΪ뱣ĳ˶ͷ
ԭˡ̫ӳһԼʶ¾Ƶ˽ԼǷݴᱻҡĵ֮ġ̫ҪɸĻʵۣҪ¹
飬žΪĻɡ


161 ռ
ӶԺùŻ, λү϶ЩȻž񣬵ϸ˫۾Щģɱ빬϶ֱӰ˵, ˵յĹĲ, ɶظϢվǡ
⻰, ֡
˵滰
ƭ, ϴЩı, ȥɣӶҪϢ, ο㡣
ɲӡæ
~ɶȻӡֻЦֻعȥq˹ʮıqӻȥˣȱȥ常Ѭ˼ҡöǲ, һǺ˺ü˿϶һ˵̡
qͷи
ǱΪ뿪ԺΧ, ԺĹԱվſڹ, ֱʻֿڣǲŸվԺæµ¡ڻظϣʶ, κε, еƮƮĸо
ӣôq, üæѯʡ
ûɶ󰭣Ǻ˾ЩˡɳһЦԼӣѰҶǶټ˺һĬĬ˻һƵ顣
ôˣӡ
һȥԼعﴦɡƣؿһߣqʶȥఴͷҽ˵Щĵ׻Ҳ֪ܲȥȥˣҲһ˴ڹĻᣬúÿԼδɡ
ĹĻ᲻أĽüˡ
ǸҲûкôǶҵ¶һӣֻҪ϶˵ĶйáȻлظҲҪ˵Ȱ
͵УϢ
qƶǶҲֻһԲţСĵؿԼĦ

ɻرۣͷЩˡ
ˣΪ̫°ɣϣֿЩѰԼ䰮֮š
һĵ׻ǷĲ¡
Ҳ֪ǻε˶ãȵq˵ʱŷԼ˯ˡ۾ЩԺ
q˸մӽεеŲǰ㡣
Сĵ㣡
ͻȻһ
ҿqһֽŶɣȻ͵ƽˤˡ̧ȥֻ˼ǰţҲ֪ĸһﴫţôӣվڷ˺ôǺã
²μ
qˡֻҴҵسȥһмȻϵǰҪɡ
ЩԭһأԴ;鲻ԽؾдίҡҺ˾ơ
ֺֺЦԭôͺȾƣɼ˶⸱ģͷǰѻ͵㲻ˡӣǺ˾ƣѲǺ˭Ů㿴㡭

ڡ
ҺŶ
ҷȥ
÷Լ߻ȥġ
ȻǿСүƿǵĲֽһؿס֡ǻȥȣɺ˾ƣϻس̵ʱһ·ʶѾЩԺ˫۾һر飬رˡ©һģæŤͷȥ𴦣С¹ײ
ѾŮǰףǳôãôִ٣˵׵ܻı䣬ӳˣرûôСϲǰߣǻϲΪзǳ
밢ɳѽһ⾰ϸһﶫɴʵû˵˻ǰһƽ⣬ȻʱǴģûиƢΪͬŮ˲ͬô˵ֻΪ˲ͬѡ
ת룬ﻹǺ±˵ǷһͰ֮Ҳǻ䣬ǰǻϲˣҲ롣
Ǳضµ顣
˼˴ɫЩį
жҿ¡
ջص޵СھͿʼлѾжˡ
Ҳжȥ׼һЩѾƲ͸ͱˡǽõ۹һؼϣȻߵǰ̧ȥϵĿӣûиǰź򣬾ó¡
ɵЦԹԵֻ̧֡
ĴҪЩ涫ɽ⿪ЩΣͷһ򡣽⿪ɫɴ£ɫԲۣһ㣬Ǵ°ڵİȹѵһæµŪˡ
ŵ»ģһɣĵظƽϵۺֻۣôһģȴСô
ǿע⣬һڡ
GϵĻϲȴһҲزס
˼ҺȵֳԶ⣬ǲŵġֻǳǳԵز˶࣬ɷҪƶֲҪתߣæ˵ûһֱֲϷš
ҲֱЦ˲ſϰݡ
Сڣ˯һȥɡû취һһسȥ
ȥ˯ʱָȥءɹɵڴ£ԼѥһߣȻ̧ۿ飬µĺúӵһ佱
룬Ūһ»ûõŮ죿
ֲȱЩõŪôüЩϧ֣˺߸˵ʱˣ㲻ۣء
ɵɡ
ԴϣЦֲʲôӦõ׼ģҲûŪʲôֻЩʲţҲ
ôһʱ
ҲŮ죬Ҹʲôȥ
˯һ
ɣ˵ӦģǵǳڴСһ˿Ծ㺣ͱζˡģʲôӦԼ֡
û룬û룬ʲôҲû롭
ҲŲţ
˵˵űŴ޵λûã㱻˾ƽʱĶƷıϡ
Сҵķ˿Ȼϸյױݣһһشſ۾
áЦ
˵ʲôã
ֱÿˣܹȢá
컬࣬Ҳ֪Ǹ˭ѧġ
ǿϲÿ࣬ⲻɵı飬ԼܱĻƻ󡣿Ƕʵ̫ԸˣհͷŤһߣǰĶ˵뵽ôõһߣͬҹҹﻶ䣬á


162 Ե
жߴӺ˲ˮʱ, ޵΢΢żһЩ
G
жʶһǰСؽŹϣȻҹοû˵·߻ںͷ, ж㷴ӦΪǳʲô, æһ·Сܸϡ
Ѿͷ, ô޵壿Щ, Īȥжס
һ, ʡ׷ʲô¡߱һС


Ѿͷʱɫպ졣
ǳ, ظ㰲Ƕ֪顣˲֪˸֮ǵһôĵزֻжΪ
ж˵ֹЦЦÿŶ
Ҳǵһײ޵֮, ֻռĻȽУϾǻֹġɽ˾, ֲû빬, һȥƺҲ֮СжÿεʱֻڵʯģҲСôģϾ˺̫󣩿ʱͻȻΪѾ, ȻҪһ¡
жô, Ҳ˼һԶ, üãоӦúܷɣЩټүǾ˵ҪԲƷʲôôӵĻƽʱԵĲƷ٣ܶõ˰ɡ
̲ۡסһЦȻ
ôжϽס졣

ѵÿжôһغ飬ж˵ûУȻò˵ѵΪԼֲֲɣǿЦ⣬Ȼɿɤӣٺ֡
ƵذԴжļϣ̾һ
Ҳжճɾѽǻʲô龰ء
మҲమĻһӦûһֵܿɣȻĸ˻ֳɱ𣬵һֱŤĵʱ˾ͻһԲߣȻ˵Ļġ;úÿְ
ǳǿοҲ֪Լ㵽ܻܡ
ôѾͷ
жΪǲų⣬ϾѾͷҲ§§ǺܴĽ顣ѾǺܾ֮ǰ£жǸһŶźӵˣ뵽ߵС˼
ûѽֻǾԵ̫ˡԼݽ˻䡣
Զ飬Ƿ飬ͲܹΪˣתȻʶж붫һˣӵСӳΪүĸףһСټ̩үһȺˣطԽԽˡ
㰲ǣΪǱشĿຮ֮أȴǣĵط
ţΪʲô˵
жûӸղ۵ﷴӦҹҹϸӵ׳ԲԵ
ж̧ͷʵǰеʲôģ
жҲգһ۾
ǰȻںܲһ
ȻҲҪֽ׶εġ
ɻСʱ򣬴Ҷڲ²պ󽫻Ϊʲô˶޸һʲôĹɳӣӷ׸ֿʼ뵽ʱǶϮδӷ̫ˣǻǰǻھжɴδгһգɻȢŮΪޣΪһ
жֻЦˣûаԼһ˵ߣ˵ܶעİɣµķչᰴȥء
ôһ£֪λӦ

빬
̩үУ̱ѸΪõʲΪ֪˾ƣѾƲҲһ£źá
ѽĹɡ
һ仰ƺյ޶
ǡ
ʵÿӶǲżĳЩݸʲô£۲ŻһλүҪҹġ˵鲻ҲǼٵģֻԼ빬۵Ĺ򣬺ú˼ɸ˵Ļ

һ˳˼Ծر㿪ʼԼ֮¡
ǸϲĵĹ龫ôܰߣһЦˣ·Ż֮ϣ̾ĪǾԼƽǶ̫Ĵһ˾ˣ¶ϲɣ
ߵС̲վţɫûһ仯
ֹһЕۿһǳ
үкηԸ
СǸˣüͷ壬Ȼץסǽѡӣĵ³һ仰áô
үָʲôС̵ҲûһζУ˶⣬Ǽ롣
棿磬ñڳ֮ΣΣΣΣԼȢ檣ֻһôˣ
Сһֿۣصϡ
üһһǶʵɣ
үıҹϣԴТԴСǺչˣһֱǱܳ޵ġСҲԼĴͣĵطǰϣеǺʣ˸һλ
ء
ү̫ӵһĸͬһ𳤴ܣŮĽĶүһƷض޺ŮТ˳˶ĽСѽ
Ťͷȥû˵
ԼǲӦˡ
ЩÿƢ˵ˣô˵һ䶫вĻ޺ŮТ˳֪Ȣһʲôأ˵ûأޡ
Ȼζ
̾
С̼üۼĳɫδмһ죬ֹһݣڶеߣүҪûǿ֦ɢҶڽӴͬҲǴѽүȢ檣βһֽѡأ
ŵһ淢ҡҡͷ
ֲѰ˼ңܲ˵ϲ˭Ȣ˭Щ¶ҪͬġҲǲɼңֻЩ̫̫꣬ƽ׵˭
ҲǵʱŻߵ¶Լ¡Ҫ֪һɶ˵ġ
ɶģף飬Ҳ
ѡ
ү̫ˣĸŮӼΪޣ̸εأ
ҲҲգЩˡ
лعǻָ˳ֱ̬ƤЦģ˸½ϵǺУɰĸղûۡ
游ֽҴ£չ˺ɶͻ常ĺƽհҵ̸ۻ֮°ɡʱȢһȨ֮Ůƽضȹһ̬˶٣ΪʹǺ϶໭һ㡣
Ե



163 ѭ
˼, գۼ¡
һ˲̫ƽ֮ʱ˸еʱš궬˵²ʮ꣬ȴӭͷһˡ
ǰǹ㰲, ̩Ϊʵܽƹʰ, ŮҲź, һӦˡʱʲôȱ, ˵, ұػ׵
һ꣬붫нغ, 㵽һҪԼ֮ڡ
ȥκ¶ѭڽ꣬ʵּǰأڸǰȵʮꡣΪ˷ϣ̩عʱκĸ̷ͬ롣
ʵס̩Ϲ, ǽֵٸΣľ˲ƣˡԹ, һ·һֱڸ˵Լİš˵Щʧ, Ц̩үʲôĸӶ˴˺ͷүĲǡ
ʵСӱãɽ߻ʵԶκ̳ҳ, д˰, Сӵţһ֮, ѧϰ֮Ϥι֮ЩҲӦھѧϰϧδѱ飬ʵҲ֮١
һԣһﱧŵСӣип
ҲĪǶ˿Ǳһҡ̩֣ѭȻҲĻʵܣչѭϰϰιǹͬԵ顣һСӶѭ΢΢һЦ
ҲͷԼӣĿᡣһ¶ͷëЦѭôõĻֻʽ㣬Ҳĸϣѭ֮󣬻Ļֻʽһ㡭
ʵץʱץǱ˧ӡЦ˵ﾡܷģ˿ʵճˣضһ˧۳ɳĺöɣ
Ը̩ˡ
Сץ᲻δⲻһһǣץûʵ۷ġ
öö˸еҵĵط
ǻһֻۣǸЦ
Ҫദʮһ֪꣬ʲô鷢ء
ϣﻹСһ޳Ǹһ˿Ժһɡ
⣬

㰲ڣ
̩Լ˷ֱ𣬶ɵɫģƺʲô¡ԣĵŴ멵ӣĲɣʵɣôˣ
̧ۿ̾һ
С־пչְСǺǴȡˡ֪ô˵ܺ»ʲô£½̲̫ˣЩġ
ʼ˵£Եġ
ߴҲС
ӹԽԽ˺пĥѡ
ţƲƲ죬ԺȻǶ֪Ϊʲôô룿ѽǹ㰲ǿˡ
ţ
qŮҲˣٹЩӣȽźҲкӡΣ䣬кöСӺöȻ׼б𣬵л飬ҲôԽ̵ǵĳǡſģүûôһֱĥ˵ġЦЦŶɵ½ԴүҲҵİɲĵġ
ɵ̿ͷһů
ԵҲ˸ı䡣
ʼ˺ܶо̫ҪǳҲ˺ܶеѹ˿ףϾ˵ǸãĴСӦöǶæµҲΪһ㣬ǸԼ󣬺öҹĵһڰǰԲ
ǸҹʱһֱɫڴϵˡҲ֪ԼΰοɣֻСĵӵһһظƽüͷ
ҪȥһүѰ֮ˡ
СĳóɰģҺ
ǿǴ󲻾
Ӵĺÿɰ
ߺжһֱûʲô仯Χ룬һһͣɻعǶˣͻȻ񿴵ǰϻq衣
˵ǶʵҲǶԱ˴ȴȻ
үĺֿ֮ʼȶˡ
һֱСӳɰÿһСҶΪʧֹ̾Ҳÿɰе㺦Ҷ
q˲֡ɵͷ
ѽqôãΪʲôʡ
Լϱһۡ
ţq׵˵Ȼqˣǡ
Ǻǲãǡһֹģ֪ôӺ˵qһŮӣΪʱͻ᲻Խشų羴ټϣqǸɽšʶ¿ˮ̫ǿ
˵ҺͰҲûȥأعͷŶЦݲãɣ

ûʲôҪæѽ
ûʲô£ڹ꣬ЩҪĹٴɻԴȥһɡ
ãЦ۾
ߺжôվһԿǶ˶ߵ͸ˣЩ䲻ðһ䣺ҲСӵĻ϶Ҳúܿɰȡ
˽һ㶡
˵ʲôءжæһ֡
ԲסԲסӣҺ˵˵ˡ
߻عæصǸֻɺϵûҪֵ˼񣬶һ֣ЦţҪȻŬһ£˵仹ǻ·أ
ʲôûӦһãؿ
һ¿ɲһɰСѽЦˡ
㲻
˲ҪԱΧ۵˻һ䡮ƽʱͳԵͦġǵּ㣡ǼСħֱţŶɱһᣬûǳֵĺӡ
̲סЦʵҲе㺦ߣǵߵʱ¾ͱȤǾôʢʡȥ顭š
㶼ǵүˣô֣òУߺжڳ϶ҪԶɡֶš
ƽ˵Ҫܰү̫࣬ҲҪԼɿܵŶǴϸһƦЦ
һ
˵
ֺһǰˣĹĵأ˸
~
㲻ҪҲҪ㣡
Ӵҵĺ㲻Ҫ
ſ֣Ҫš
~
ɣΪ
һҪжǰŹغõʱ̡


164 С
үסСԺ, ʱֵý
δȶɺȥϻͱСүˣǰɷԸģ˵ƽҪ̫࣬Լү, ˼, Сһõ, ݹ۸, ҲֻôһСëˡ
~үү
С˶, ѧͣƽܸ, ö֮ѶܵԼһ㣬ȸүүסӴүүүүһ
˵ΪүүǼ䲻ģһʼǻ, qŶü˺ö顣Ƕܿ˿ڣ˵ԼѾүֻһͨͷ, ֮, ҪƽЩοСǸӣԶй֮ǲŽв׵
үүʰ~
ã
Сܱڻ, СԴЦÿ, ΧҲЦϻһԣСظС¸ղŹʱϵĺʵ, Ϊ￾̫ůͶȳײ
Ž죬Сӵ㰲ˣ̧ͷʵ
أӺ̩үհǽӻعӦ̩ƹסˡϻӣӦʱΪ鷢˵պǳʲô鷳Լмܲס²˽飬ʱҲ֪ôӷǡ
Ǹˣûôۣɶˡ΢΢һЦת̾һ
δѣǸ¡ֻǣԶδֻϵĵӡʵ֮ܺǰ뿪ֻæÿζɹֻǳԶٷĹ򣬶˵ȴûûᣬ߶ˣ¶Լˣ
ϻĵؿ򶫷ܣͻȻû˷Ӧֿ֪ʼΪСӵġϽŮС֣СһһۣؿʼŲԼСӣ̧뾾ܵĺӡүүĺӺóѽ
ϻһ
Сһﻹͦһ
ҪǸӿͱȥʮ˰ɣ
ӴӴӴӴ
Сһֻͦأöܽг
ѽѾͷϻæȥ̫֮䣬ѶܵӸ

ϻŮ׺ʱ￩һҳ
ԼҲסˣ۾ɵԲԲĿС
ٺٹ
Сһﲻ£ôŵĳЦüģЦ
ϻһ
ôô󣿡ܵûЦôģҲֻװίԼ°ͣװ˵үүӿǳ˺ܾõŶɲ㾾үү۵~
үүСһ⻰æİ׺ӵݻȥһ°һҪѺճȥӶˣЦŽСסһû֡
СʱɶҲء
߶

СʱĶɣڲ̫һ
׼ȷ˵ʱǰĶΪõġ
С˶ÿȥһѣһˮ㣬һȺ˸ƨɺͷ£춼°Ϸֺء
ǵ²һʮ꣬귽ꡣ
СС
ЩǸˣ
ʱϻҲǸӣսΪɵӣÿ㶫֡ǶΪƤʱ𴲳ű㿪ʼţһ·ϲܿʲôҪȥһҴӲú·ÿضһԵǰ壬׷ܡ
ǸʱĶɣݻ
ôܵôҲûܺܿ찡ͣʱ򣬶ֲģ
ϻŶأɶҲûУȻ
ϻ˵
ϻҪڷԱߵqֹˡһ£̧ۿǰԼһͷŮӣƲƲ죬˵q裬ϻе㲻ֹ
qԣģسҾشǶ벻Ե⣬Ϊ£Ӧ˵ο´ְ𣬲ܹΪһжԼΡ
ʱqϻ귽ʮ꣬ڶѾꡣһһʱ䳤ˣͲѷϻǸŶɵˣqһǴģֻºĬĬǴ鷳ˡĻشЦˣһƨ˵ϣ˵ɰͰ͵ģ̫ءȻҲʲô£ĸҲ˵q軹ǻЩá
qһԲֻŶɣЩ޹
ÿֲôҺϻ࿪šɿЦǲע⣬ǰˡ

ֿʼˣ
ֵ˵󲻴˵ССÿһζܴĶڹС֮ԼıŮ˵˵δȵϰԵ԰ȥˡ
ʮа˾Ƕˣġ
㿴Ƕһֻ칷ץ
ѽܵˣϻŵϻ
ȵ

ʱ԰ţɴԼļԼŮ̶ڲݵعľڣҲ֪ץʲôͷ󺹣ݸһЦ
²μ
˼ˣæ
ɵʱӹľԴЦϣغšĸȻС˹ȥ
㣬ͷǺĺСöͷ硣ȥ·ϵĲмʵʲôأСȫڲݵ
ץУ
ۡЦãֵ˵ıӣɶôôж࣬ÿУŮһɾء
Ʋ죬СɶǲǲЩ
һ㶡
Сû򶫷˵ʲôʲô˱ӵ񷨣һ㶫ʲôܵġǷ޶˼۴Ů޲ýõĶ͸ô⣿ԴʱʱֻĬĬضС֣ĳ
ֻҪ캦飬ûʲôӦòӦáĸղ˵òԣʵɶҲУû˵ҾͲЩɶֻҪÿģֻҪÿ֣ʲôʲôĸ֧ģֻҪöԵԼġ
СС͵Ķֱͷһʱ䲻֪ôش
ʲôжԵԼģ̫¡
ֱһȥһֱĸⷬҹ룬վ仰ĺ塣ֻϧȷϲˣǸĿֵ˲ˣȱǰ˺öꡣ
Զܳ˵⺢ĸ


165 ÷
, 㲻ҪҶ
жúúõġԼҡ
ɣ
úúá
ж⣬ĶԻʱĬĬӣȻͷһЦΪҲҪǶ˺һ, ûһ, ɵڴ, жϲ
ϲ裿
ǲǡúúõ𣿡
, һ, жˡ
жòŶʱӳ, ǶɶϯۡһĻ档ж̾ʶСĵƳߣȻԼղŵĲ²⣬̲סЦ
㿴ʲô
ǡ
Ѿͷϸִ
ΪӣأԴоԼĻʲô, һʱû˲Ѿͷɵ۾ǻá㿴һҲ㡭ίͰ͵ؽֽ, 򶫷ɡ
ɲ, һһ
⡭
һֹģüͷ΢壬ԥҲ֪˵ЩʲôԵ߷²յ֮չǸֱĿ, ˻˲ѿڶС㣡⻭ү𣡿ôеϻ


һӰ, ˮĻ¯ӶûءһĿ⿴ߵʱٴЩɱ⡭, С㣬ҽ͡оһӼæĿڣҵ˼ǣϻϻүô꣬еүذǡͦ͡õģʮ㡭
˵ˣԽԽڡ
˵ƲȥְѻֽϣĹĵ¡
ȷûôѧŹΣСӴѧõıŮ븧٣ʫҲ߶䣬Ǿˣͷһ˾ī񣬳˴壬ûԹǰôá
ϧһҲÿ
ɼʧ䣬ʶлûӡվ˶䣬λ߹ȥֻĬĬס𻭱ʣպŨīͷûʳڣɱֽƶü۴΢ôʡ
ǣɵʸϣò̫һˡ
ԭǻϻĻͻȻǻһˣطûж۾һģɵĸоԾȻֽϣϵʧΪϲ
ɣ⡪
ʵúܺãֻγԣôʰˡƣڲͦõҲûĶ٣ɵƷɸЦᣬһֻԴǳ硣
ԣؿڶɻЦֽ۾
ֻ֪ʵüĿһ˵ʱüĿòôط㻭ƣԭĸоҲĳϤһɵĻǻһ˫λ۾ͻԭ߳ɵƸУǵ㾦ҪüĿʵط㵽λԶɸĵʹǱ
ۣҾ˵Сúܺ
ղŲŲ˵أߣ
Ӵղ׾
Ȼ׾ߣ

ɵѾͷ
ɿЦãϰԵһͷ
Ź󣬶ȥСԺһСү˭֪ǵСԺ֮үһ˯˽Ǹ˯áɲóȻǳѣִ޵Щǲʱ䡣
ɣˡ
á
˭֪廹ûµһ룬ɱеϮǷüθöʱԺ۾ûзӦҪ΢ع
㣬̲סȰǲձ̫ˣղŻصĹ㰲ǣҪȻȥ˯һɡ
̧Щ㱡
ȥ˯ɡӿ϶ǿˣҪװԼۡȥˣؽСһѶɺ嵽˯񲻺ÿģԹԵأһʱҺ
Сʱͺˡ
˯ʵؿ
úúãʱ˯ɡ
š
˯£һûɵɡһֱȵ˯ţƽСؽԼֳ鿪ḧǸδʮĹңȴ˯ôüչġ
СĵҴãһɫ㿪ʼȥæԼ顣
ǵǰѶĺõ÷ŵһߣΪĺõбǣҲǶ˵ģҲڶϾ˼ʱԸ˽Щ빬Щȥ޵ķ㣬֧ȴ΢ͨ磬ϣؽڹӵµƷóõʱ˯Ķһۡ
Ϊǲͣİɷ֡
ƽŵĺɰˣøһµģԿģ¶ͻȻŵذӴſȥ
һհ׺׵ͼŵɫĵӣʱ۶Ǵɫۻ׻Ӧöġж׺ɫۣӢɰһӦҲܺÿȣ
廨룬ȫעеͼ
¡ʱڣ䡣
޵ǰûһ㶳˫ַ죬жȰĪ̫ãȻȾ˵Ҫֱˣ΢˵ű߱ȥȻ¯ڱϿš
жֲֻ÷Ը˸ϽжĪ
Ҫѩˡ
̧ͷ죬ֻɫɻɵġ
Ҳǽҹ¡

˿ʱʱҲ׼ɰꡣֱȴһС˶վıϣЦ
ʲôʱ
СһĿɰС˭Сһؿ˿ȻϸʵǸأ
Ǹ㣬Ȼָɡ
˯أɲҪŶЦ˵ʣ䲻䰡أôˣ
Сعͷȥȥรԭλõժ޵ǰ÷Ž֣һȥ÷
ѽ
Сһ˳ӵǣ֣߳ʱһһġ
ϻСĵع۲÷֦辣ժһ֦÷ȽϷ㡭ϻ˭ĵժҷſڵĻ

ϻһŵ֮䣬һ÷֦

˸ۡ
ӣң⡢
ӡ
ô󰡣
ظǮȻͽq㣡
ϻ̿ɥûüģԱߵСģѧθǮȻͽq㣡
üһ
ϻʱСһôֱ֡
Сֻ˦˸Ȼ㵽ȥ
˵
ҲҪ
ӱʲô¡
Ҳ

ǱЩѵġ
ʱֵûˣߵ鿴ߵǰֻСܣϻһ÷֦ںͷ׷ҲԱߴֽкãǳҡ
ɿһߵжжҲæŻЦˣʶ
զˡ
ǰһ֦÷
Ǯ


166 Ԫ
˼, ʮ塣
ǡҲ˹㰲ǣԪࡣ⽫Ԫ簲ռ䣬ȺأϱóǼȥ˹Բ, Ҫæµһ, Щҳ֡ٹٸм, ̩Ҳ, ô˽, صõ׼̻񣬴һҹ, 㰲ҵƻ֮ʱԤ̻ڹ㰲ǵϿգ̻貣ͬ֡
ڶϵԪ磬ص㶨̩ͬĺԺ
Ժһôм, ƽﶼ񡢴̩ĵطЩ춫б㻽˽ʰԪʱе˱ϯ, յҲ˼, öĸ£ʣЩƷԵͲŵģб̩ƽճԷĵطԼš֮ܶе˼ظ¶Ҫ, ҳﱸú, һÿġ
һϢ־ϲ
, ƽЩ˵ģʲôʸһڻЦÿھæûʱڵӣǳˣǲԼһٷǸʱ˭ڣɽ겻һ
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ҹϯЩԪڵʰɱۻˡ翪ʼ֮ǰصعԺ鿴ȣ˺üȦ©ְС̺˵ôһ仰
С̧ͷүи˷ž˿ɲð
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ףСȥͨ
š
С߿󣬶иϸԺܱ߹ϵļȦá
ڲ
˹̬ԽԽ񶫷ˡ
ʱԪ׼
̩Ϊ˼ңȻǼ磬ҲûдŹֻѰװ磬ֻĳЩǽáдһȺùɴԼһȺСӣͬһʱִԺ
ݼ֡
ɶ񡣡
ƽûôأֻڣԱô˿ţôа۵ֱ̧ͷܣƵƵޣֵİŹȻ׵Ϊĸ񹬵أ˭뵽ֻԺš
ѾͷɱƨˣЦݵǷǳزã̧ڣ˵߰ɣ£κ˺ѭܴ͵ӶѭκĸƷ׷űκˡ
ף
ʵѹֿһĿġ
κ˺ӽʮһ֮ãһˣЩԼ̹ϡͱ磬ʵ¡
ǻʵһֲ߻ģȻ֪飬ϢԸˡΪֹ֪Ҳֻǲĸڴ˵ֻһصĹͣǸǵߣǶҵģһ֪
κ˺ܻΪԼˣ£Ҫ˵
ˡ
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ʱǻڵˣôǼеλǼҲ˼ʣֻרǵĻżϼ䣬лء
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κһЦʣ֪˵ǣ
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κһҲûлҡ
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˲κҲ򶨲ˣ촽΢ţľסˡ
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Ҳμ常
СʰκվԭزŵŴſڣ˺һ˵ү
زһҲʲôүˣĪЦƵᣬκ˹ǫѷȷյүûǶԱʱҲȷ˲١κæǰһ֣ض񡣡
ʵκˣҲƵǾʶ
꣬ʵ۶ԻʺһϧԸʺڶʱްˣ˺üʵ۶ںԶһòҲôԵʡʵ۸꣬ͬĳ
κʱʵԼֵ÷ģСڻʵۣڻʺްȻ빬ӡͷ꣬ʵ۶һֱŲʣеͣûʵ۰ĿŵκϡЩ꣬ȻʵɶԺûɶȤôӻʺ߳ˣҲκ꣬񣬻˺ӡ
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һǶܹ˵Լġ
⼸Сκн䱸ҲκضŲԼ벻ˡ߶Ѵ߶Ҳȥ˽Էָ˭أָֻ߶ֺõͷˡ
ֳ
κһʱ鶯ûкүʱǰƺΪ֡ĻмͬʱĿ⣬̾һһ޲ݡΪԶػѹĿʼԭȺ˻ů͹ػ
˭һֱ˵ʼء


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лү
ԪǶŵģĲʽȴһְ졣׻ǹϸģѡʽʱصشһ˵ĴϲԼ, ܵôҸоڵաʽҲ󣬵ÿһԴͷǷ
, Ҳص֮ǰĳӸκһζĲ, ʳ䲻ǳԾζ⿵ڸо뾩һģһκ᳢ϸЩп, Խ˵⾹빬ζֺ
ǳʱؾ, صɶļӣȷԹšԱߵĶòط¿ӻػ, ָκ˳ȥŷϲʳصطԸġ
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Īҿá֮Щӣշ졣
ɿԼ˼ҲΧǶСӦ𾴷ˡ㰲ǰɣֶϰģʱڹǰ㽲ϣ˲Ҫ֡
⵹Ѱգõġ
Ǽ˼Ȼ˵ҲҪôһֱ˵ű֣ñԭȻнЩмĶʵܲˣüɿһǾƱֻ
ˣȻһˣͱһֱЩ׻ˡһѾƣȻϲɶͳɶϲ˵ɶ˵ɶɶҲˣ
ˬȻɭϵľʹ
κ̿Ʊʱһֵĸоĵӳ˵úֺܰϤˣоǰû빬ڼʱ򣬺Լĸһʱ
СӻǷһأ
˭˵ǷˣҲЪ
ںȣ
԰ںȣ

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ϵҲųԷˣһ֣ŹЦûһ¹СӾͼװίܹҲֻżǰͣ£໽ţۣҪ̩ү˿̫ˣˡһ߿޻һ͵͵һ̩үķӦ
Цһôˣˣ˵
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ˣ˿ûͬǵ˼
զģѲǹ׳⡣
¹ɴ˫ۣȻĬĬص˵ͷ
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СӣؿԪڣ

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СӼҼֶҪġκݸ
ϯ˻𼱻ǵر㿪ʼæʰӡмСƵһӦãʨĳԱҲϽˣ͵үһȻʼıݡԵһյƣ߳͸ȽźޣԢϣǽҲиɴĺӣ˱īֽ⣬йƣүǷԸ
ôҾдܴ֮֡һӣ鷨
֣һд£Һϲ֣̩񰲡
κ֮ڵдףԸСӽڶǼһأҲ֪ڵʲô
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Ϊ˸ҪæµԲŲô˼飬ϻqĴ·ʽһѽôԼϾ;벻ͨأֿʼˣæ죬ͷֻСҲ˴
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˿ϸһɫնԶ

ϻ˼ûӦֻСôùЩ۲΢ĸŵĻһһذԷϸ붫ɵദҲܲµԴͷԶɡ
Ӧĵطÿγüչʱ׼ΪԷ
ɼȻӵ飬Ϊΰ׵qϣضйģȻҲش֮ʧӡܲǲһܿϧ

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С˵Ż˵߾ȻмֿǻίθСҲǻæһֻԴڵܵúܡ뵽ȥˣޡ
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̾һЦô𣿡
š
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ɿĻ涵ؿ
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ţۺЦ⡣
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ĪĶ, Լ
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ӣ¹ʲôֵ⣿
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ּǰˣԾǸʧǵģ·ΰݵҲûзӦ¹ıӰ˼⣺ϳַ˺ص鰡ȻôôģûӦýŶǶ֮
ϣԶԾȥ鷿û޵˼Ÿĸоܵģ㵽鷿飬˯µʱٻȥʱǲ̫һ˷Ϳ˵ǰ취һûĵطϰ죬Ϳ뵽ӽ顣
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ɡϵĴ멽Լʵʵģһ˵ôǰź򣿡
˵밲飬Ǿߺˡ
š
һǣжȰĪڷվֿڵǶȻȥɣһҲҪҽȥ

е˼
ذɡֵ
ӵ죬Щµģٲ⣬ҲǴӡѲҪɴһܣĬĬػⷿʰȻԴϵ׼Լȥǲô˵ֻһ
иˡ
жˡ
߸ˡ
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һ񣬹˼תͷˡһֱվԭؿ뿪ȷΧȷû֮Ƶؿ鷿ǰվǴ͵ߵĶɡ
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вϻطһ߸оһԼ󣬻شʱԽ㿪ʼͣ䷢ĲɡعȥƫҪ󲻿϶ƫҪ˿겻Գ
ǳ檽ôãүû̧ͷһۡү~ǲǶЩ鰡ˣԳûаȤˣ
ֺãɴмܲסοԼͺʲôжҵľӣҪܿ飬ŮɫҪ֡Ӵһʼʹˣûʱ˿ֻ̣һ顣
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̫ûгԹԵ𣿺Ҳûкܾãֻǽ졭Ҳõġǽϵ֮ǰȫһƽｲ黰ͻСѾͷôһƵġ
šŰɡ
ôֺذˣүǺú˳ô
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үʹǻܵͷġ
ͽѾ˵ľӣֻܽץסɵ֣һһµԼڵ⡣
ǰңӦõġ


170 Сƭ
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š
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ɻû˵ֻƵرߡ
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үúܡ
һ磬ж˵鷿ʰһʰ֮󣬶߽鷿ǾЩڣñ飬ȴ鲻ԽؿʼҹķȻԭƵģһһΪ
Ժô鷿ؿ鰡
үյֱͷֻ÷鷿뷨һü죬鷿Ŷûٴ򿪹º̩ү鷿飬ҲߺϳȥǱ˿Լʲôһ㡣
Ѿͷ鷿˽ӻ˰Թ
ѽ֣ȥɼֱš
Ψʼٸ֪£һЦһΡ
аɶ֪ʲôģ鷿񻤱һſڶҽȥһҹǼүһţ¡
֣
Сүվģȷǲʲôһ
常ɶӦǲǷǳѰзҪĺĺ˭öɶز飿ҪСһЩ˵ɶ鷿˵˵鷿ݲؽүڳʶ仰˻ȥ
Ƴһۣĵ˵ɶ鷿Сˡ
ѽôҲ֣
ô˵ء
ǰٿĪ硣

ܹ
ǵ٩ĻԼԼ֣شЦеСίͰ͵ؿҲһЦ
ĺù֡
үίͰ͡
ɣ

~~

~~~~~


Żȥ·ϣүز˵Сίˣƾôϻعͷһۡж߸ںͷ͵ЦΪҲǡ鷿¼֪ˣԶڽ϶мүĴȤҲ
ôЦЦô̲סعСǣСүƢǺùӳԵġ
ЦЦǲûЦүءֽ߰ţ˵ү֣̲סһЦ˳
жæ졣
ǡ
ԼһǰͷĶɣ˿Ѿص޵ˣڽŵʱصذŴϣһǸںͷôһʶһۣЦ
жסߣȻһ˵ӺЩЪϢǾˡ߻ȥźκжݹ۵̫ٶ۵ļһʱŷӦ˵ǡ
үˣȻҪȥġ
λӺ˵İϷӲһ֡
ᷢ鲻ԶжȻҪʶȤ뿪ֳȻʲôֵô࣬ͷ˵СҪֱ˵ô˵Щġ
һƿ޵š
ûǰţûпҲûкȲ裬ԶԶȥڵǰǹļҲûţŲۿŶ߽ô˻ƾʧɣСĵؽŹϣ߽ʱȴڵǰڵġ
͸ŷ߿ֻͷɥشſڴϣһ˫Ÿ߸ѥӶûѡ
ص·ҲЬҲѣү˺ôίŶ߽ڵ٩Ծɲֵ֨ţ
š
˰ͷڱӦ
ֺ͸ֻ˵Ц˭һ鷿ô󡭡
G⻰˷ӦּԷ㻹˼˵Ŷҵôһί
˼ǲҪ¸˵˵Ҵҹȥ鷿㣬Ȼջ㲻ܰ飬Ǿ鷿
Ҫɵôܸ˵¡
ô黺ˣûˣԼС˼Ҳװίֹ²֪ǲ֪ͻ٩㣬㱻٩˾;ίҪô
⡭
ԴͷңҵĴԲԡ
û
ɱ⻰Ƶͷתһʱ֮ԼҲ۲ǰԽԽίҲ˲ԼˣվɫŵؿӦҲ˵¹㡭ǡ͡Ҳû
۽Ǵᣬʵȴ͵Ц
һжԸԶôʹǰڼֻҪôһίı飬ԶǶɶеͶԸԶʱ϶֣ԼóԵĺģԶɣľͷӵֺģͬмܲסûмװίˣԼ¶Ц鿴
Ҳûί
ƭң
ɻعһĸոյģһѽ뻳Уü
ֻ˵ǰɵߣһв϶ٱ飬㣬ᣬϣЦ֪ܲסòҪ̼ɡ


171 ˿
Ƕ붫ĵͷ
⼸, öҲʲô¶һ飬££, ̫ƽġʱ, 붫һֱﻥͬɳ, ҴҲ, ǰʱ޴롣ǽ, ϵһ׮£ϵλүһѡ
ʢˣ
ǡ
λϵĶ, ʶ㿴ԼߵĶɡ
ճϣǰϱݸ´꣬Ϊѭ³ȥЪϢ˭֪һȴ˽˵ʹ
, ʢǲʹ˵Ѿ򾩶Ǳӣ㰲, һ, 뽻һ±߷űľ²ԡǻʵģΪʢشϣǴϵı߽, Ȼ²ս, ΪΣʱԸõص֣ǾҪһǰű֮, ѧϰµЧԡ
ϣķرκ
ϲغԴϣֻ߲֮֮ͬбűܸʢһЩ顣
κײλǲκ⡣ǣԱȣضо飬ϾǲǱĵһţʵʵغɹܰǱʢĪ֮ⲻھƣͼ
³֮󣬶磬򶫷˵ԼеĿա
ãҿʢ˾;ûڡֵض˶ӣʢҲǹŹ֣֮ǰҲ˵ܷ飬󡪡㡣ʢ̫ӲǱʹɶôô˻һţ֪Ӵ
̾һҡҡͷ
ʢȺһ첻̨ǾһҲи׳ƳҰġ˭Ҳ˵׼
үʢǲʹ
ţȥɡ
нӹĵطݡ
گʢǲʹ
дͷΣ³˸ӡ˴ʢ⣬λǲʹ˽¡
𡣡
ǳĿۡ
֪ʢʹ֮һҲǼֵʱ˲⣬һ֪ø˵ɶֻļ磬˵һ䣺һΣԷΪˡ
һͷ
зúܣƲƴǼ棬ʹԾ뵽ӱܣصȥһ˾ǣûʵ۸֮ɿԶʢ˰ɫʲּ⡣
Եڶλʢǲʹʱ򣬶ɻˣֻǽӴɵ˶ܸоλү鼫䲻ѡ
ͬеｫǸ˽˧λүǷ㣬˸ӱáֻǴģھ̫˽⣬Ͳˡʱ˵ǷǳҲ֪ǲΪ̫ûɳˣ֮ǰڹ㰲ʱģ
ûд𻰣ֻŤͷȥ
รõģһ˸ｫ棬ʱʲô⣬˵ǡбֵ÷ǳ󷽿ǲõЦݣһҲղʢӡ
΢Цû˵
һʱ֮䣬ôһΡ
ɻ֮ʱϻӴԺ뿴ˣڶ̤롣ǽ죬ȴŻʵ۵ּ⣬ö֮ؽ˹㰲ǣǽ빬¡
ǲԸ
˿ɵΣ֪һ㰲ǣʲôоأм򿪻⡣ϾôȺˣȺҲǿͣοǲ֪Ⱥ˵⣬׽ܲ׵㻰Ҳá
Цˡ
һõط֮ǰʱòˣһֱϧ˵ţ̧ۿһ¶ɣָһҵúõؿһ㰲羰ȴ֪˼һӭˡ
ڨЦ֪仰ڽɡ
ֻСѾͷǰ㰲һò޹أټɵ֣ǿ˶ɣ֪¶ˡоԼʹˣѾܲס˵ˡɲ뿴ɱֳ档
仰ǳĬ˺һƵ³һ仰˿ǻʹСΪϵĳӣȻ˿Ҫ󡣡֮лʵ۳κβ㣬ҲӭҲЦ㡣
ЦЦ̾ˣҾȶлүˡ
˿
ʵգ»ʵɣҲҪίԼȥϹϾʹû˵ҪŴǺѰĽܶѡֻռ֮ǰѣ˵ֽ⽫ʢĸݸΪһݸ㹻ıѹʢʼ²ߣ̶£Ҳ͡ϲɸ꣬ϣʢԸĳƳһһ䡣ԣʢ߷֣ϴӦúˬ죬ָҪȥҲûڶʢ
Ϊ˹ȫչĴҵ״ɲ¡
ͷۡ
ɱѡֻܶίߡ
ʢ˿ʢĵŮҲʢڶ࿤֮óһǰΪʢӵֳӦҲʮ꣬ģв嵽ʢȢΪޣ۹ߣһһܾˡ
þ֮ǰھǣɾͺλ۹⡣ǰŮ޸֮ӣͶߣּǷǳʹʹϵܳŮֹУݹԭأʵŻж٣룬н˲̫Ӷ˳ǿ϶̩ˡ
˵˼޸أүлȡЦ
˵ô˵˵ĽǶǲŮ޸ɵġΪŮӣΪȻձȨ޺λת˲ŵ飬ȨкʸıҪԶɲ¡
˵ʢޣҲÿɿϲȢ
ӡУһֱһˡǵõһμʱѣ䲻飬Ǵ֮ȴ
빬㰲ǵĳǽɢġ·ϣһ㰲ʱ飬ɰţֻͷӦòһЦ
عӭʶ㿪ˡ
ү㣿
˿СĴ֮кأ
˶٣û⡣
ɫ䣬ҲеⲻȥҲֻһʱ֮ģǿҵ뷨Щ׵Ӧ꣬ɲģͷͲˡһûһعСͣ˽Ųɫأ˵󶫷ɰæ
˿к⣿Сܰϣض
˵ǽ׶ǰæڻδӵ׵ĳ롣
üʲô˼
ָһͨϰաƽ˵һ΢С¡һĿԶϼ֮ϣ翣֮ңûа취Сǿɿˣףգֵĳ룬ϣԴӦ󡣡
ϸϸƷζ仰˼˼ãҲ֪ôش
˼ǣеĻ˵һ䣺ûĻᣬ͵ʲôû˵


172 
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š־òף
Ҳ, ֻǾĪ
صУɱ㽫֮򶫷еûóȻӦֻǶͼ²͸
ҿΪʲô۰Ů, ʲôôԼݣ˰, ҲǼҼҶһľ, ǲ, ᲻ɡЦЦ, ԡ
ɵͷǣͬ˼
ȻѾӦ, Ǿ͵Ժóɻɡ֮ʵ£ֻҪţ϶Ҫף⽻׵ĳʲôҲû˵ǸˣضöɾóԿġ
˼, ı߷ű֮Ѿʢ˽òˣҪ꣬ҲʶԼˡΪ˼, ͬΪܽ׵Ļ, һ̣ʵף˳ġ
֪ΪΣܾʲô飬˸ˡԶ, ԩ˽ⲻ˽, Ҳ⽻ѡ
ϣ´ټʱһ
ӻлָ, ɻ⣬ûдơ
ҲϣˡɹҾôףع˳һ·ƽ
ţͣ
һʢĳǣɵżޡһۿͬһ֧뿪㰲ʱζӳ£һֵ˸СԵqڷվãֱϦ£ɵӰӱͷqǰȰȥ
q衣
ڡ
˵˹飬Ǻ»ǻ£
qһ̧ͷֻԶԶʢ뿪ķɫƽûа顣qһӱˣС˱˵֮޷룬²صģǲÿ⣬ҪԼ˼ܾá
ӣүǡ
qҲûֱӻشΪ֪ԼشˣҲһýȥֻ˵֣ϣԼҪʱ뷨
Ȼ⻰תһӣҲػһչһֽš̾һЦպûߣǲ֪ôźá߰ɣǻظ
ǡ
ĳʰ٣㰲ȥ
Ȼ෴ĳɳϽһֱȫɢ

²ʮ£ʢ˿޸ΪޣԽϱʹΪ֤˵ǰ˿Լ⣬ʱʢԣֲŮֻաϢ붫жѭϺ񣬶Ӷԣ֪ۡ
²ʮһ꣬ʵ۶屧Ѽϳ񣬼̫Ӷ˳ͷϡ̫Ӷ˳󣬴ĵһǽʢΪݸ֮¡ʱʢѴǰϼӵפذ˳һһ䣬˳ͼ˺ʢΪʢݣͷΪʢݸ񣬴׽ӹʢ
ȥգۼȥꡣ
̩񰲣ΪȻΪԭһǿ£أĺƽ
²ʮĩһĶƺࡣ
λڶϲ˵ľǱ⣬Զڽ֮ܺࡣϳǶ綳ֱ£µڵϻ¯ҲǺЧϣɼڳû㾫񣬱ִ˳ɴҲˣմЩϳ¡
³뿪о̲ס˸Ƿ
֣עһԼ̩үɿۣɲ֪ǲǱȾԼҲǷֻǿסˡ
ô죬Ҫ¶࣬Ҷϳһεҡͷŵѩ̫̾ˣô죬Ҳ֪ʵĲˡ
ʵ۶Ⱦ⾰¶̫Ӳٳ֣ƽ̫Ӷ˵ʵΪӣô᲻ءο궬ô䣬뵽£Ͳ̫̤ʵ
Ҳһ֪̾ΰο
ôҲûãҲˣǵʱȥɡջسݣع˵ɶҪȥ
ȥĶأʱȻҪȥѭܹεġɼǰˣ߱˵Ҫһô
ǰ촦ûÿնûȥҾһȥɣС˵Ҳ
ö˽Цˡ
ʱκѭѾˡ
Сһܻ飬ҲӶ𣬶붫ж˱㾭ƹܣ㶫ѭˣǸѭ£еؽ̻봦֮ȻѭСʵĽϰҪеġʱб˽ӻ鼮𣬵һЩٿʼι֮ߡ
κ鶫ѭˣԼ̲ɣԶɺģκιڶѭԴҲˣѭСʽ׽һɣͽؽл
㣡
Ƕ빬鷿ʱѭ¿ΡСһһǰ㿪ʼⶫȻΪʱǵǶϿεʱ㣬׼ϣ߸˵տģʽˡ
¹ٲμλү
񡣡
ӭȥڶѭǰͣסţվͶǰع񣬲οصͷһЦѭܽչѧϰΣҵɶˣ
ѭˣֻûȫдԣطдˡѭС˵Լдʱ򣬻ؿһ۷ӡ
ЦˣϰԵźӣ˵κµĹȻдĵط½̵ƪ£¶̶̼ձ룬Ѿѵá
รԱߵĶԣɫ򶫷ѭһͷԿޣʱѧϰģǻһ룬ѭֻطǿ
ѭ۾ȸԾѭȻСʱ
еͷֹ˼˵ֻ̫Ӹ統ʱѧϰΣǾѧģûгѭܣʤܲ٣ȻСʱǿɱǿĴڣвܶԼи֪ô
ѭ֪ѭسǹģʵɰ
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㡣
뿪֮󣬶ѭСŶɵ½˵
ôˣ
֮ǰѭ˵ѭܺúαѭ棬㲻ѽСһ۰Ͱ͵سͷãڶˡ
Цˣ˵
Ȼ


173 ߻
ǶκѭĹܽϸ, Ȼ̵εʱᣬٷˣѧ󣬳¾ͱѵõĽ
붫ж˶δۣϾСʱҲġ
عȥ, źĸһͬ, ΢, СԴϡ
ǣѭס
СѭĵʱЦ, ݱ𶫷붫к, ػƹ·϶һһߡҲԶȥģЦˣԼܵÿɰ, ŵĳҲɢ١оѭһһ첻һÿ춼±仯ءҴδԹչ˵ܵõĸоҲǵһһСôĺӡ
ɿ˿ǱСˣֿ˿˵úܿġ⼸, Ҳ˲ǣǵûӦá֮ˣţȴδȢ̩үŶ˵, һҡͷһ߸ߡ
GзӦ, µҲŲϣ

ɻʱصУøŵʱ̩үҲƨƨߵظ˹µĳӣǴ, вôԹڵĲ, ӲҪ
ֿɵСˣĲ˼, Сġ~ǰѡ
GGGʲôʲôСһҲšؿһֻۣ˸Ӧһ
ǵϴҲ㣬볢һЩζĲʽ˼³ӻ̩һˣǱߵҲ´˴ӵĲˣԵʱֺȴ
ҹéܣʹ಻
ɼܰʾǷǳĵġ
ҲȰԼԹ֮ͻ׵ġЦЦӹѾߵֵëϸϵīù˶䣬ֱԼĶУ˵źæµ
ѭˣһ۾Ϳ˼
ɵ˵ͷ
źҪһˣҪһʹؾ顣Ҳ֪֮ǰûôȥȥѭܲˣؾֱ顣ѭӺöˣʲҲ룬λȥöЩἰ£ϯϵ˶ĬˣһӱءһЦæԲԸ֮Ҿ͹˵Ҫѭġ
үʵۣҲζҲŹ߹һˣ䲻֪ʵʲôĥ֮ͬѪ֮ʹʱʱӦǰ׼ŵĶҲЩ񣬺ûӦ
ģӣܾ˵ġ㣬ԼҲܡ⼸䶫æµ£չ˶ǰТˡҲиĸֳﻹүү޵֮˷룬򶫷ܾТǶԼ˾Тһ㣬͵Լĸףʺġ춫ѵþ˭֪һ仰ֽԭΣˡ
ɣ㿴ְѸųʲôˡ
򶫷Ͷȥһȵ񣬶ɻ⣬µ˶һţݡ
໡г۵ؽţԼգۣҲϽɿȼװ·ǰ常ǰյ̫Ӹţ˵ʵĲͦȶģʱ԰߶ءģʼ࣬ССë
ͬȰ˵Ϊ¶ܹǶ˸ֻʵ念ӡˣֻÿɬһЦ˵ԼŻʵۻ׻
ʵɣʵΪ˴ɽô꣬۱֮ҪࡣȻϣɹһأҲκ˶ףΪǼʮԲڴ꣬ȬļķǳС
жڸλߣͼֲ˭ⶼ
˻֣ɺȻһ£˵ǻؾµö׼һЩͯõĶ
รมе˵ͷ
ѭˣô̫ӵµĶӶҲˡеıֳ֮ԶҲ˸ӣӦ󣿰ôۼߵ˶ˣ̩үȻһҲֲöȡЦ
ֳȡʲôţɻԶΪֳҪΪλӡ
ü˺һ
áɵͷޣȻռ˶仹ͦԼĽΪŻѪ򶨹־Զȡһӣ־;Ӣ۽֮塣
պմ˵ĺֺáЦˡ
ݸ˼ƺû뵽һ˵˵ˡûֿһү˴ɫ⡣ܿ˼һ˳ˮۣ˵ҴʲôʱﶼˣͲץһЩҰʮˣ˵㸸ʶܰһЩ鶼ת
ˣôȢʹã̩үһʱ֮Է
꣬˵һԼףҴ±ȽҪֻԼҲò̫׵ƽܹ¼ҹˣżҲżҲ֪ôģһֻ֮ܲ
Ҳ壬֮ǰʲ˵ôϲ˭Ȣ˭ƽŻˡ~㡪ûϲˣ
һ˲䣬еһֺܿʧ
ûûСԵ鶼ǿүŵģļԲȶ
Ӷš
ط˻ȥ
ᣬû취
ûгɾ͸Ŷ
ͻȻԹ̾һȻСһԴļϣ벻Һ׶꣬ڻǰƣûûȢ޵Ĵ㡣ĪǻֶŮʧȥȤˣްͦģǶһλֳҲò԰գ⽫Դϲ˲䡣
˳ƿ˶ɣһִ϶ɵļȻŶɵĶ䡣
ֿʼʽˣүһֲֵģϷ֮໹мԼԵ⣬Ȼ߳Ա߿Ϸ
˻ǡĹ˰ʿɶֹ̩үָΡΡؾٵǰȻ˵ջȥ

ѾͷƬôôװ
϶ĽʼɰĶȢһ̩
нһڶ֮ʢԼˡүֺǺǵؿ֣һ⣬ظмһ顣
ңԵˡ
л常
ζʵ̫ˣԵ̿ڵģкһζ
ȴ֪ĳ棬Ҳ
бۣصһ
ǸҵšȢһżɾ㣡
롣


174 
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жȷţ˵ԺվǰԸ, Ӧ, ֻ߻ڵϵ˻Ժ˯, Ż˵Ҫ, ֵȥ, ſڴϺ֮⡣
εƲƲ죬߱ϡ
ô, κ˺ѭˡ

˯ſڱϣһĽѾӾ裬ػغü£󶫷ɻϣĴȼ˯
, ɡүʱȴر˵ġֻܴսغţһָı, Сһ㡣Ƕ, ҲѭҪˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǵүˣͱáƻƽҲѧ͵ˡռλͷ, һλᵢϳ, һλᵡõĿˣһˣȻɶڹԾ, һʱǲŵȥϳҲûôˣ˯ҪڴϴжˣΨиܹεүֻһʱˣˣʵ
ѭô󣬸ҵˣЦˣֱֽ̾һѭţҲҳʲô
ʲôǾʽ˯ð˻ô˻Ҫϱ
ţ˵ʲôϱô
Сһ㡭
ţţҶûʼءһ˲٣ҪҪҧģ̽·ţϽôһˡ˵Ҫܷġ
ûûСʲôû˵ӵ÷Цæȥ㿪Ĺƣɲ䣬һ󵹣ӿϣӸµ
ЦڣҪˡ
֡ɴսʲôһһڣȻƿ
ˣΪֹ
G
顣
㣡㣡
ȻϣСһҵǰˡЦһʧģǾõ⡣´ȥ˼ϵ·򶫷ɣʲôʱˡ
~ɨˣȻԼӦѭȥ治Ǹ⡣
ֱŤүүԽԽŵСŮ~
Ǳһ£˳ӵ붫һԭĶЦˣ·´ĽͣԵͷͯһȸԾػ·Ь࣬ǰɨ˵ıȫȻˡ

κСѭ˵Ȥĵطĺ԰
Ϊÿ۰ĸԼ㶼ߣһȺ£书ǿƺʲôᣬÿζŷġˣһСǿڹ㰲Ψһˡ
ѭ轣ôɸ˵ʱü֪ΪвڶġЩҪ˵֮ͻѭȥ䡣ѭȺһ档
СӵıʵģǿĻѹʱ뷨ϡ
ѭ죬ĬĬؽӹһСľȻվԭطعͷһµȺԸϻֿ˿ԼǰĶɣдŲˡɼ״ֻС֣ĵȰѭκպκҪǿǣ轣ǿ塣
šѭԴץľڵϻΪ
ɿ㣬һʱҲ֪ô
κ˴Ӻ߸ԶԶؾƼԼĶӺͶվһ֣ʲô⡣ǰ鿴һߵ˲֪ԼΪ̩үڳ䡣ɵӡκЦˣܶߡ
ˡ
ض񡣡
κƵߵǰѭһֱͷ˵Ҳ϶䣬ʶôôʽɫ
վĸмĶӣҽ̳ϲҶ졣
ѭûСѭ̧ͷЩί
仹轣ⶼǻʶҪϰĶɲ֡ʽĵظ˵ôشʽ㣿ֽ£ʽҲʱʱеģʶҪʱ˷ѻʽĿʱô
κ˽̵ѭϸ˵ĿҲȻⷬеֻɿ򶫷ѭֻץľһԲ춼ҪﵽȥˣȦеģޡ
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ЩΪѣ֪ԼòȰ͡
ѭ֪ˣѭȥ
ѭʱ̳֮˶ɵȻѭﻹᣬκ˽ѵ֮ܿ״̬ųϻķȥɿЦõضԭأκʱЩп
˶ѭĽ̵᲻ѭԶˣɲŸҲ졣
κ̾ҲдΡ
СΪСŸӦúúý̵һұض谮ѭǻӣһв̤ɴΪպκܹƽعӣֻܴڿʼԼκ˼ɻڵϣʶɵͷ⣬Լվ
ͬ˵뷨ֻѭ⣬ȻԹޡ
ԹջеģҲջġκ˵ţȻ۵ŲԶʼѧϰ轣Ķӣɫӡĵ̾һ۾ͬ򶫷ѭϻķһͻȻ׵Ϊ˸ĸĲһ¡
ҪΪŮĵʵ̫ˣ̻ҪصֲûΪ˸ĸһҹͷ
κ˲վһ˲ԼͬΪչ˶ѭһ±
Ů˵̫׻Ⱦˡ
ѭ쿴˭~


޷Žıʱ̣ЦǶ˵˼κѭȥԭԺһˣصذ˳Ͷѭһˣѭʱ۾Ź⣬һӦȿκ˺Ͷɣǵͷʾͬ⣬Żܵȥһ棬ͳŲĽʽҫɫ
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Сƨ
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ʵѭС˵ҲܿˡκЦˣǿһôģЦͬҲ˸ڱϽǡҪСĵ㡯аοˣĽ
ţǲ⣬ΪȥʱѾ˶ѭľ˿̣ľ׷ӣССòֺ
κ˿úԣ·ǸľĲ׶ӡ
϶һӻˣȢǳЦɿĹʱһѺ
ҵСڣɱ޴ˡ


175 
, һҪתȻءţҪڳȥע⽣ⲻҪԼ

, û
ѭһ߸ϻѧϰ, ɡκһԵͤ, ͤڲͭοջ滨Żһ, Ѿ߾Ľվ, ˽ů¯ǰһߺȲһлҳ
붼, ˺βһͬǰɷ²յЩԥ˵͵չѭ
ǰˣ⼸궼ûлعǣһͬ붼ɡҲȰ˵Ŀǿɫ
κ˿˿, Цݿɬ
Żؾ񷨲ϣ⼸δų붼Լ˹˿ʵ, պ, ĴСãпӰ쵽ĶӶѭϾؾ֮£̩׵Ķѭؾлؾǳ޴ӡ, κǡ߶ǡ
ˡ
ؾ, ĸ׵ĸ붼ĵĺףֻǴɷǰ, ֮·ؾЯ죬Яӣܳ٣ǰأگ붼Ϊϵӣκĸף֪κ˳תŲϵıӣʮƽǶ⻰Ծüͷƺκ˸˵ķӦƽӳĵѹǿҡ
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Ǵɷǻʳ顣
κЦЦӦĻ
ָߵ棬˺һȻӣѹκ˵ɣˡĻʲ붼ø񳵶ͬУһ·ϰĸ±й¶ܡ꣬Ҹһܻؾ
أܻؾ
κ˱⻰ŵˣ㾪ܣվŵѾ߶ԼˣŰЩ
ɵͷ˵Ҳ˵ʲӡǰˡ
ἰ£κ˵Ｔ̱˸ỨĲǵʼͣգۣԷİ취Լɢע̾һκӦ׷˵ĺǣһʵۡˣġܻؾֶᰲź֣Ͼܱ˷֣ǻᰲŵùȥ¡ǻʲӣЯְͷ˳Ѿû˭ˣضġˣҪ
ҡ
κ̣˶ɺ仰Ī룬ѹæվߵߣκ޴ݣǵ
ҲǵģȰκ˻ؾǣҲ˵ɿľӰɡֵؿ򶫷ɣɿҲɰͰ͵ҧԼ촽ûڼˡĵĬĬ֪̾ԼȰο˭
ֻһƽ飬ȴƽô鷳
Զڸϻѧ轣СѭЦ÷ǳģЦȴ֮ĵͳΧͻ߽ɢζӳµؿǣֵĺӡ
ǳʱǲҲѹüͷ
ţѾʼ᲻ˡ
̩æͷʱͷѾеҪɽļ󡣶ѭϻˣ֮˺ܶ࣬ûΪеʧԼƢҲЦشӦ˶е´֮ԼκʱѾӦ˶ɵ飬ʱүһؾɽ붫صͷ󣬴ķıһ⣬Ž̫ܺӵµ
ܻؾʵֻǶ˵ܰˡ
ѭܳˣʱ򸸻ʿ϶ܸˡ
мͤչֵֹģϽ䵱͵ĽɫЦ˶ͼ֪һ˵Цȥ뷽Ϊѵ¡
ѭô꣬ǵڶλؾ֮ǰȥʱѭҪڻ׶дˣȻ˺ܴľϲɿСһͻȻһ£ʵҪҪѭǰƪʫʣʲӦҲϲġ
ѽʫʸʲôҾò󡣡ȴһʱ䲵üëһŵǽѭ˵һЩĻʱ˸ʣߴ˵һͨˣ϶ѭܴ񲻸ˣ
ؿһۡ
ôСĺƨĻڶʫҪ
үļƲ˻ɡ
ιιιʲô˼Ǻüı
ʲô֣̫ˡ
ӴιѾͷڶҿԽԽ˰

Ȼ䳤ˣöϲɰϷһҲûġκһߴֱֶЦ߰˸غϹסˣҪö֮һš
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ö˱һкŵر㵨СһͬƳһۣԼҪִ˵ͷǿסɿһţעǣעôҰûӵġ
ܹү㿴ʲô⡭ƫƫ˲ɱҪʱ졣⻰Ҳл̷⣡
죡
սСȭͷ
κ˼ֲֵͷȲ裬깲Ѿȫϰ⼸ĴַʽʱòӦϾⲻĻ˼ǲ̫òģϤŷ֣ԭҲܹǣʱĺǷ
Ҳ̲סսԼСȭͷ
Ϲˣúܹ⣬һҲܰǶͬʱſ˵Բ۾ֹ뷢ͷ
ǣҪôӵؿװɡ
ֱӸѭ˵ϵ΢ΪΪ˳ĵ㹻ˡǲ֨Ҳ̬ȣʵǱʫʻ˵ûⶼǻҪġֻҪѭߣѭǸӿѾʼˣҪ˵ʲôҪʲôˡ
ڻ϶ԣϣֻһýĺӣӻȻȻضģǾҸʼһĻ棬ĺøˡ
һѭָŸ˵һֻŶô죿
̩үü⡣
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176 
ʱ, ̩һС˹̩ϴ̩үʱʱ̶̿ռ˵ˣȻò䷹ʱ
ﲻ׼, š⸱ȻĿ, ȫ·˰ֺóԵİ, ˡֻԼһԿ, ̲סĵط˸۱ʾԡ
ϵж仰, һʱתͷԼСѾߣԸϽк౸Ʒ, Ϲ̩үκ˺СκŵġСѾ߹񣬽Ҵææرˡ
ѭ
ѭѧ轣ѧͷ󺹣ɽлץСľһСܳ˵, ڴ㣡
ЦſԼһӣԸͷϵĺ, ֮, Ҳ쵽Էʱˣȥһ·ɡԶѭĹоٶȻ·ǰСһһĸֵͬܣһ𳤴, 
κԱ߿, ѾһΪɶж
㡣ѭֺ
ţ
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ʶ˵ʲôɵκ˵ס
ߵϻ⻰һʶԼŮ֣޹
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µĶѭʱһԲ
ɱΪʽ㲻֪Ŷɵһıӡ
ôĺӣʲô˼ءҲΪ¶Լ飻ʲô¿ʲô²ɻҪ˵׵ġ
ǻʽŶҲǻʽѣǴӻʽСʱߵˡͬʱҲqķǸôãѭǷֱţɰѶѭˡ
ѭȻ롭
ȻǻʽˣҲѭѡɿһԵϻֻŵضԶɱʾͷл˵˻֣ûСضѭֻزŪСľĽԴҲ֪ʲôѭ
ţѭ̧ͷ
ҲĻ飬ĸϣĶö㾡ңҪһˡģʽԡ
Сһ۾һֱؿ¶ģҲ֪ûаѶɵĻȥ
·ȥɡ
ֵ

붨ʱ֣ɸˮ裬ƣ߽޵
Ͽ飬Ƕǰɡ鷿¼￴һҹһ¼Ȿڼǰ㱻ˣҲ鷿ʱһΪ涫ɵʱݣԼҲ͡ŵ߽鿴񣬱Ҳ͵͵һôⱾˣɾţЩ
뿪鱾ϵ֣һԼǰĶɡݹٷŻ𣬲յưҾͲܿⱾô˵꣬һȻ鱳ȥ
GǸ˼
Ϊѵüģĵıϡ
˭׼ģȥ
һôƫҪ
ôλ㲻ǵðҡ
ҪţҾҪ㡣
ԸЧĥӲݣֻҪһˣͺˣɶԴ˿ִ˲ƣˣռһϱıˣֶܽΪѽһ
ϻ˵󷨣ֻҪõõûõʱ
㡭⡭
ҲЦҲǣֻŭһͷС𣬹ȥʲôӣ
˼˵Ķǰײˣǲǰײˣ̧ͷƤЦġ۾ûϹļˣ᲻öôһһȫ޵תͷȥԼ붫ɵġ󡯡
ҹˣ۱ˡЦ֣ȻԼ˯Ļǻ㲵ġôÿҿɲ㲡
㻹˼˵֣ǰֲص󣬡м˯ģҪôǴµ죬Ҫôͷ鲻ʱҪôҪôǴڲ֪ҹ
˯ʶ
죬һ
ЦЦĬĬֱӡ
ţôôü꣬Сһ㣿
˯ȥˡ
ҲǶ˵̫ᣬֻľЩˡԭֱŤС˳ӵػعԹԵǣɵ֣ȻȥϨߵһ߻ڵ
ǴҪڸǰźû֮ǰǶҪѾ߸´ǧС㣬ɳ׺رȥ˺ܶĹǿʼϰΪԷͣױ磬ҹ½
ǵùжɶ·ǵ۳ںδҲǵöɴͷŵÿߴ磻ɻǵÿһױݣϲĲϲģֻϲһ֬Ҫţʱ
ÿĻǱضϲɫ
ĳ괺죬˵仰ʱԵ˲ٵڵСѾߡ
µӶˣһµɡʱƳиƶɵͷһۣĲ⡣
Ҳţٴһʱ¡
һү˻Ϊôأȴ֪·ƵġûظƽϵۺۣʡԼҲ㣬еĳԴöȻǲҪ̫ʡ
~
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˯ʱԱգȷ˲١
ڴϺû˴˯⣬ת򶫷ɣֻѾ۾գ˯úðȡɵӡݸһЦ̧һһ顣
˵ҹദһ˵ı仯ǻǰǸɣڵȷǱ˺ܶࡣ
ôˣʱ˼ĸУӵҲһۿǸˡ
ɰɡ
˯ţĵĬĬ߶֡
ﲻ˯
óʱ򣬶ͻȻһִֻ䣬ӵ뻳СҪҪʹ飬Ҳܳٵϣֻίһ°ˡ
šţӦ֮ߺ̧ȭͷҵϣ˭Щˣ
룬롭˻˯ŵġЦǽýġ
˰ɡ
ţ
ԵڶɻָĦڣ˵֮ǰǴ㰲żѭôյĿȡ㣿
ɱ˵Ż˸΢΢ۡȷǹ칷ȽֵܰŵѭߣһǱѭѵһЩ˳Ϊѭĸ룬ͻȻֲáǲҪ˰ɣҲô꣬ܲܶѭȫҲ˵ɫʵˣѭɡ
ɵؿҹɫҲʧ˯⡣
ͻȻͦġ
ûǸ߷ô꣬ôн˵뷨أҶĴδȻöھβźá


177 
һ, ϱ߼᷿ǰԺʮ֡
߼᷿Ϣĵط˶ص඼סšǰҲ⼸᷿֮һ, ϰ, յѵԺչһߵһӦȫ, , Ǽϻ߽ɢܷǡ
ʲôʱѵ, ˵ġǽգĸ˲׼ʱ
ʱȥ糯, ÿϸ涫ϳ¹ʱβҪڶߣǱѵϰߣÿʱ֣糯ʱҲǿʼѵʱ
qԵ˻һ, ʱʮһգÿ׼ʱԼסĵط᷿, ǵϰ, һʮһĺӣǵqϻͬǹ¿֮ɽq裬Щغúѵ, гɹʱ, ǸκߣպҲŶѭκȥ
ϧһȺɲϵĺ, ѵа£ÿ춼˳ٵ
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ǵʲôشҡqƮƮ³ôһ仰䣬Ծܿߺһư
ʽΪϳԱǴʱڱϰԼֱ߸ǳڶȭ˿ûη֮⣬󺹡Ƿ·𿴲qѵȺӣûһ˵עŵϡ
ǳٵ˵Ҳൽһվţǻ࿴˶ԷһۣȻͷȥٵ˵֮һ΢ЩĺӣƽѵȻֲզģÿμ϶죬ƫƫ˷ˣΪھΣ˿̣ĬĬزᡣ
q迴һۣ˵ҡ
ǺӵͷûԵͱһ£ź̧֪ͷỨq衣
ʲôqޱ飬˵Ļⶬһ¶ȡ
ѵ
ڸ˭˵

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ҡ
qЩΣûһһֽ˾䣺˭
ǻСҪ̡qѾֹһĵԼȺѾļһǣǷһʼqͻ˰ȥӡq෬ʾǱʵĺһΣվֱشѵ
̫ٶЩ
qĬ
˽ǱҪյ֣ΪʼҲһҪùеĹءϾպǸڻߵˣһһУһһǶҪִ֪硣
ڲǽµѵ֮ڣǴﲻҵҪֻı·q̧̧֣ʾǼٵվȥһжʮӣɵҪѡʮĸźĿǰΪֹqĲˡ
ܲסӣ뵽ԣھʹ߳ȥҲӣǿԵطԼq軷ˣ鵭Įʹӽ쿪ʼҼףʲôʱʲô£һӶ
ˡ
ȺӦҲôңqüͷ塣

ף
ǸӦһ׷׹ҾȻиʱϱ˵ٶȣܵ˵Ч˵ġ
q̾һ
ӿɲܰһϰǹͣ˶Сֹһæĥߵqһְۣܿջأ㣬պôֵĸ
Ҳǡ

࡯ѵֱ緹ǰǵϢʱ䡣qûǿʱʲôв˶ʱϽ˯һԼĴɶҲɣq˽˹۲һһõϢǣôӻϰѵݣа۵ϰء
ѵõˣqʱļ
һq豧ԱģǽϳٵĺӡǺعûȱ˲̫ˣйôСq費̫ϲֲ˷ôĵӣԻڴȥ
ͣôαأ㶼ĲϡȺСqȥ۲ʱ˲Ⱥ֮䳰ȷִԡ⵱Уһϰɫ꣬ڽ׳ʵϧ˵УϲЩϰղĻ顣
еġ͡Ǹӡ
֪ԼʲУܲ׾ô֪ҲĲϣû˵ңƾɶȻɸ˳ҲǸġԷ⻰ֻЦм
ͣ˵öԣȷĲϡһϲ͵Ҳܳһ죬˲ڴЪϢƵûãֻĳ̫ˣ¸֮󰡣~ޱӡ
˵磬˽Ц
ΨмϰѵݵĲᡣ
ּ붯йģôˣһˣָ˭Ӯ϶֪£ʱж˻Ŀǲһ˲ȨϣͲĬĬſڵλã㵽ϰ
һˮƵСǡ࡯ΨһŮңͬʱҲпܳΪһqˡ껵۸͵ΪԸ̣ûΪͳͷڰͳȥϰʱˮҲ˹ȥ
㲻ᡣ
ͷֻƽػش֪Ҳûǡ
ǱһȺʶĹ¶ֻΪļԱԵĸԼͶЩֻͼŽһʱ֮أպʺ϶뿪Ҳһʱ±ǲûаѵϡǰȴԼͶģӿʱ㰵ԷģζҪ
С鶼ûʲôøУ˸ûнӴģǰǰˮơ
ʵͦĽģͽ˽ۣһ̾ΨһĹңҲΨһŮҶкøУܼ̳²ʱ̶Ŀ࿴ء
ˮˣҡͷһЦ
һҪŬôͣɣﲻΪҺͬŮӶŴġ
һͷХվڷǺֻ֪նؿһһԲˮƵҲԲ͸ޱҲǡͻ
ǶĬˡ
һ̣ǲԼͬؿʼԼպļ֪ԼǷܹ˳أҲ֪ԼպᵱһʲôˡֿˮһۣǸʱ룬ǰqĳɾͣضǺ˲ɡ
Լ
ֻһʲôء


178 
빬, ̩ƷϹԱڴ˴糯δݡ
һ꿪֮ԭ̷ĵ⡣
붫мλ˵°䲼в٣඼ǰԭеĻģʱ䳤, һЩվɷ𽥲ʺ, ǰбԹ, 꿪ʱ, úõذЩһ顣
һǳгӵĵ⡣
˵Ϊ, йⶼǱߵ˼Ŵ, ܶⶼɶɼжԴ˸ոʱаŵԼţ䳯йԱȥɻʵ۾䲻̫ƽ⣬ģʾǱţֻ˵֮, áһ仰ͰѾȨǡ
˵, ̲ɼˣ
һ̲ܱʼԱ, ͷݣԶġ£λة࣬д, 顣Ϊ˸ܼʱϽ, һǰרŸд¼֮, ִʱﲻ塣
ͬƳ̲һֿۣظ飬ڡ
ڡ
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ضݣش̩̩񰲣ս£Ʊ̫ƽ䡣Ĺٶ٣ҲǴ
˷׷׵ͷ͡
˵̫ƽΪܵġʢŮ⼸ƽദҲδ֮Լһ㣬Ҫۡ
˵Ѿʱгɿˡɲ˼һ⵱еĹϵԭ˼ǹµֿʼ𶫷еĶŮ鳤ĪǻѾǸŮʧ֣޹ǣˣһɴûᳫˡ
ʢѳΪʢݣ˵ʱʢסڿʢ񶼽ʢݸǶʢݽ䱸᲻Щ˵ೣζǶеļҳ˵⣬·϶¡üͷһ壬⻰ֻҡͷҪ䱸ĲʢݣǾʱʢλɱˣʢǰǿѧϰ߷֮ġ
ӣҶĿ⿴˱顣ΪҲԥһʵ֪ʱǴѧ˶ٶ
һ㶣ӣ⡪
ʱʢȽϻܵĹ£üʵõĲʢ˵Ͼܻʵʱ̩ҲûôΥּ⣿黹н£ڽܲʱʡһؼĵ㣬ѧ˷Դ
˵棬̶ˣôҲûáɴǵ˽ֿر飬˵ٷ棬ԤԱϵģѡʮΡУҪʵµģûһҪš
ߵݣ¹ס
ɿ飬ֵĹٹԱ̫࣬㿴ЩǲҪģĳЩְλҪôˣʵü͢Ǯɲ״ģðɣ
ǣ¹
Ըˣֿ˻顣ǡһۣɿæУߵͷһݡ
úЭ̣ϵĶ𵢸飬ǵİšԱ֮ҲҪٺ»⣬ü˹ԱԶĿ֧ҲдӣʱݽλةĿ
¹
ɽʱһǳɣҪǵĶԸһ飬ԴϬϡһԳеееĶ̲סͷһۣ̾ЩִԽԽΪķ緶ˡֻϧպ˼̶ɵȻĻնֶͳһǴ
ôͻȻתʼδæ̧ۿ졣ɺɵһ£˵ôˣ°ɡ
ǡ
糯δʱѽȴֵʱɢ
ֵ¹ʱһֱغģһֱ߷һһ͸ˡӽôæôð¹ʮǷһӿˮʼ䣬ƺ˸߳Ӱ
ˣ
¹æ·Ȼȥ
λ󳼡
¹ߺ̩ء
õġ
ƽնϳ¹ߣԴǻٶʶȻְλϲʲô٣ߵˣ˵һ仰ֵùһһƷٵķβʶȤÿؼˣǶҵ
¹ͬϹϾسЩ񣬵Զˣ¹վֱڡӸòỹҪ̩үİɣⶼþˡôͣе㵣Ķɵӡ
ҺãֻǺͶļ䣬ûһ¹Ϳ˴ڳϱҲûƸգû˳
ӣ̩ү
¹æǰȥ
Ӵ¹񣬽㰡дȤ
̩ү˵Цˣⲻÿ
ÿ³˶㣬پеˡֵ˸˵ôÿҲһ°ࣿ
̩үÿղҲô˵ۣ¿򲻼̩үӡˣҲиԵҲѵһˣæýq踺ѵˣϻͳӳչԼҺӻҪչһȺˣȽź칷ҪˣҪЩʲôڻȽ칷ȥšʣ¹ڶߣİȫ
ԣߵĶɣʵѵˣǲǴҰһĹ
ɰһۡ
ǸְŵġѵһʮһСպѭߣѭκȥ
ѭܵеͷȷҪˣѭͬĶǼС̣Щź˵ģֲܺСǽġãԸߣѵҲѭйʶ
Ȼ
ĽӾ̿զ֡ҪȻһȥqѵ˵⵱ҲҵģֻҪеˣֱ̩ɣ
٣üЦˡ
qֵѵӣɱʽҪǿֻмѾǰˣæ첽ϣڴ˵ҪȳԸȥ
ͣס˽Ųбۿ
Ҫ䷹


179 
, q轫Ů˯֮æϴϻ֮£Ժȥÿѵݹ, һѵİ, Ӧϰ̶ȵ, Ⱥӻûλ, qҲûñ, ǾҪѧϰǺ͹أֱʱɢ
q˵Ƿ, ȺӵԱû١
qǳȥɣƽʱݻһ̵ģq赽ԺʱѾźվһУȴqָʾ
²μ
һͬҾԵúܾ
šqƽص˵ͷ, ӣڿʼ
ǣ
qû˵ӵϰߣϧ𡣴ǰںƿʼѵ, qҲֻһȦ, ԺԱߵһ᷿ȥ
СӶӳϢطӳˣͨСͷͷȽųˣһڸڵֵ, ǷڱʣһСӳ˿, ڱȲ裬ůůȻЪϢһ
qŶ, һ㶣Ȼ²߹
ЪŰɡ
Ĺͦæġ˼ҵһݣǵֻܿԼϢʱ䡣µʱ࣬ѵýһ㣬һСӱ㼯Ϣգڷ˯ЪһЪԼҲ֪ϢһʲôǻҪ̴Ӵ𣬷һʱqҲǴһͨױ˴˵ѴԲΪͬ顣
ȿȲůһ°ɡСӳظյƣ룬Цˣǲرѽ̰ҿɫ̫ãǰˡ˵ţ̽ͷһ´⡪٣ȺСӣʵ
Ҳرѽ̣ʵҲqشŲ豭ĸҶѵ£˶ɽԼȻһ̾ƽǶජЩƽʱôദģ˵˵
á
šqֹͣһûм˵ȥ
qȲôҲ͹һӡqҪʱ仹һ룬ԺѵѾкüܲסʹضšһ˱ǰͣԼҪˣÿ춼ϰǽͻȻһӸΪӣľúѰ
ҧţˡ
ʱƼһˣԶԶسۼע⵽һĻ˵˭ˣͷһʮˣɡ
˽ͷȥֻǱǰͷ»֮ˣë멣̧ȣּһqӣ󣬱߰˸СѾ߰˸С̣ǽԵͷеĻ̴ľӣҲ֪װʲô
վǰͷƳһֵۣԼƣò£ǿ϶̩ˡûƼںͷǴôΪ˭µģߵ
˲Сһһӡ
qڷڱǵ̸üͷһ塣²յҪźúýѵһȺӣ۽ȴ붫ӭȥڵСӳһ֡
пqӭʱЦˣδԺţȴӴҿһ¹ˡ
²μӣμ̩
񡣡
ҲǰԺڵСѵģЦˡתͷԵq裬ʵΣʲôеô
qЦЦֻǰ˵
q򶫷ɻ㱨ѵСǾеĲˡǵһολүҲǵһοǸɽƵЦաһȺûʲôĺӣ̣һЩ£С۾ȥ˼ȫѵˡ
ǸôǸŮүһСֹ
ʲôŮүСĵ˵ϸͷϵԴһæ
ףס
һҽͷӶģ˶î˾ԼλүǰǺʤļǿ껺ͼܲ׾İͣһǰһվţ׼һ˫۾ضǰҰ԰֡
qڻش𶫷ʱʱʱһۣüζ˿СĲһŭ𡣡ӣе㵣ºܸܲˡص̾һȺӷǳʧ
ЦĿҲŵȺСϡ
ǲˣڶĿתƵһ˲䣬Ķƺһ㣬Ҳֱͦࡣװû߽˼
ʱ䵽qȵ
ǻq˵ʱ䵽ʱܶջزͬʱϥأȻͷһݣ˾䡮²μүȻķq費̫⣬һѵòˡ
Ƶǰߵĵطǳ˼ұߡڹ۲ʲôԽŲŷŵôǺĿĵģϾһֱظңķƶⲽڵϵȺСⶫɵ⣬ҲδֻСĵع۲ŶɵԴϸŶɵĲҡڡ
ڰʱܻ˾ʱüСǴҳӲάŹصƣֻ޲ø߸Լ©˶ɵʲôԸ
ɡ
ǡ
СվʱйΪʱ͹̫öȽŷҡҡλεվֱӣҪԱߵ˲СһԵСӳ״ʶ˼Ϊ棬æöΣĿԼǰ붫ɶӡ
q⽻ġΪ£ǲӶӣολӻүСǽ仰μģqں⵽һѧϰɹҲοࡣ
ɾôվǰش򶫷ɱͱ곤ֻ࣬ûߵͣʶԸӵĽǶȿǡжǵʣԴһСٶǵġ
硭
㽩־֮󣬱߽һ˿ʼרˣɲҪܸоط
q衣
ڡ
ѵҲа˰ɡ
ǵģǵʮ졣q蹪
ɵ˵ͷЦ⡣
Сﶼе֪Ĭãֺӿ͵鶫ɡΣֿˣΪʲôŴ֮ȴһľӣ
ʮˣȨһ£쳷ȥšٳ˳ȥ
˽һ
ΨqԾ治ɫͷӦǡ


180 
˵仰תȥ, һ̩߳үķһκǱתתʣԺȺڷҡ
СӳƶǶعǳԺţڶɷŵܴĦе˼, ̫ȷعͷq, ֻqϺ޳ɫ, Ĵ𰸲Щ
Ҫq費Ҫš
Сӳĵװ̾, ӵֶ̫ǿˡǰֱ˵Լľ, qѹͬʱҲȺСѹ, ֱӳ֮ԼһȺСԭأСӳæߺȼ˵𷢴ˣøȥ

붫Źһ·̩ƹȥ·, ˼ղһĻϸ˼飬ЦеЦ, Ҳ, ±˲֪ƵġɻؿһۣĪЦǺιʡ
Ц㰡˵
Цң˺ûôġ
q趼˵ȺСһû۵ģΪڣqһЩʱѵ˭֪, ȴջس, ӲҪ⼸ȡᡣɶɶ¿ඡб˵Ц, еͣˡ
һؿôұѵһܻ
ֻͬ˲Ⱦգ̫̫ƽдδػҹ·ϡҲãҲգľľʲôÿʽġɶ˶䣬ָĺɰֵôˣȻú
ü㲻Ϊѡʱȶʧ˲ţ
ѡΪϣʴ֮ղܲأûǹģҲһͷǡq赣ôˣҵ˼˵ԺЦˣ򶫷У˵Ҳ˵ʮųqôһ˲šôֽqʧȥĲɣ
仰ȷԶ֮ڡʱ뽻ֵµˣõıq衣ʱqδΪΪ˱ʾԼϲۣûգɱֱӽqְöнµҲˡ
ȣȡ
иɿ˼Щ˼
һ·ǰƹδ˵Ϊ˺úһķ羰̩ɺʵɺ߶˵̩ÿεˣΪ糯ʱ辭˴ˡһΣɸоԼ಻ľɫ̩ɽʯô˴񣿹ʯᾣУм־й԰ֵζˡ
ƹ԰Ӷ븮УԼһأ㵽˻ƹΧ
μλү
ǰ¹񣬶̧̧֣ʵκڹ𣿡
үκ½ϰα˹Уһֱû
šá
˹ˣСӽôôԣȥ棿
յ磬СǱŷ棬ֻҪѧ֣һáǸѧϰ⺢ӶʡΪæŻؾ£̶ѭ⼸춫ѭֻϰѧ·ϻץأ¿ɺãʡˡ
⻰ҡͷüѭ˵ǰƤˡ
զ࣬Ҳ˸ۣ˵һȻǲӵ˼
ö˱һ߰һߣһƫŶѭôԣһƶѭûǣ˳ȻͶĶѭԻǲԡ
ţɣˣ¹̩
¹񵱳סɴԼ˫޹С۾
ɽ
˭֪ԼʱȻôˬ¹ɴ۾򶫷ɣšӣÿһµģ
ߣھͽȥ
ӣһ۰ӣqɲι

߽ʱصط˽ŲҾסԼѰãԵһҵСһҲûˣ֪˵Щʲô¿ɵǶ°Ҫˣ
аһ̾һͬŶѭλȥϾʱС˶СЦ˼ߺ޵Ļʥּ
ɫһݡ
ԱߵĶҲסˣŵĵɫֱӽӲϣҲЦ¹ķӦǱʵ࣬оԼ°ͶҪŵˣŲͣ٣֪Լòǰ
ӷҺȺ˻δ¹ԼС඼Ҫˡ

ֻͣһ˲ȳ֮أúŹ¡
ߵĶѭҲŵһ顣عͷԼĻֻʽ㣬ԭ黹ϲãǵӺ࣬δ⸱ģŭֱ֪ӾͱôԭءվڶѭߵС̣̩ˣʶȾӡ
ץҲعǶμɣæͬʱ䣬¹ж뷨ڶɿڵһ˲䣬Ѿ˳ȥֱս˿嵶Ϭ;绢Ƕ˾Ҳͨǻͷ׷ֱӱһɽԾ𣬽Ų࣬Щȵɽʯҡ¹־æʹṦ׷ϣҲͣһöҧﴵ졣
Ǳ׷ͦ֡
ۿԶȥűڶ𡣺ܿ죬˷˽ŲײͱгʱɫԺЩȻǾʧĺӡ
ѭѾɵˡ
δȶɿѯʣбһǰŶѭ־һƣȵ£
ѭǱһƴڵأȻһֳסͬʱҲһӺۣˮۿתԼίˡ뺰ۣڶеѹۺͿ޺ңֻڵϰӣ޹
Ϊӣڳԣ֪·
ʢŭ֮ڳĵ෴ʱӻҪءѭǡѭ־£ֱʱſ޳ʵ֡ѭѭҡ
ң㷽źʲôΪӣΪ֪Լ˵Ļʲô㵽ûаѸʷ㻹ǲǵԼʲôݣּʹγ֪ѭ겻ʶ֮ʱͷأǺޣԼûпܺöѭߵˣԼЩĵӿ˶ѭߡ
һƴڶѭϣγǴֵϡ
ˣһػû׵˵ɽִԼҲܲܡ
ѭ֪ˣ֪ˣ֡
ѭմϵĻҳȥĨϵᣬûһġվһһԲﲻζתͷѭ޵ͨģǲֲ̣֪Լ˵ʲô
㡭
ѭźɤӶˡ


181 С
ɵ׻ܲס, ټ϶ѭųĺӣƽˤˤ˶öۣοǰ⸱޵üʧģϢŭϢŭ, ǻԵɰɡѹ, һǵҴ˴Ŀڶ, ⲻ˱ȥࡣ
üͷ, һ۹Ⱥ, ƽ顣ҳв֮, ͸˵ˡһصڵϵĶѭ
ͬʱ֪ĸСˣԶԶƼ߶ѭִ̩תȥκˡκ˱ԼϢʱ˯ɢ, ̽Ůױ£ææرѭ֮ȥ
²μκˣ
κ˴ŹŮʱֻ, ˡ俴ȥ, ֻ붫ɶͷţɫ£ƺأƽһ̹ŮδӰѾˡκһ, ּԼĶӶѭ, һСӰ˿̿޺
˼κ, Ҿ
κ˵ͷ⣬ȻתͷԼĹŮ¡
ǡ
ǶѭСö˲ҪˡղСʱֻ˵̩үˣκ£̩үִκһ·϶飬֪ӶǸˣ㶯ŭѭ洳
ǿ򶨵ڣ״̱ȥš
ˡ΢΢üĿڱɫڵϣҪ̫ѭ֮ܽúụֻ̀ܽɱ֮
⡭κסʣ˺£
ջĿ⣬ζӳµؿ׵ܣο˿ڡκ˼ƽ࣬ѾĴ㣬޾£˵ڣ㿴ԼĶӣ˵ѭʵ˵
ѭۿʵֱ鴤
ѭѭͬˣǡ˵𸸻ʵ¼ѭ˵ѭҲ񸸻ǰӢ͡ѭѧ˵ʽĻĸĸѭ롭ѭɤӻػǻأû˵꣬κ˱ѽƷǳŵ¹Եɾɫ䣬ؽҧֱ¶ѭſκȴִһƣʹĵӡ
ѭˣֱûٿ޺ˡ
֮ð㸸λ֪Լʲôʲôһ˽㣬Ϊ棬㽲ĸǲǾͿԲϱˣκʹĽ̵ͬʱԼҲᣬ̧ȥԼѾú׵ľٶʹԼĽʧ塣
붫վһԿţء
ģĸǵġѭѭ֪ˡѭԼĸѹᣬʶȥڷſڵʱѾŪֻ࣬ҵذԼۣӻһСصݸ
ʵѭ⼸ֵö붫ѭѭգһͨ˳ײѵĺúӡ̾һתͷԵĶУʾ
ɣ֡
ʾ

һߣ¹רõĽ䱸֮ڣ˿ͷӿһ󽣰֮ơүλʱ£شػڶߵΣʱ鱨Ӷ֣ﵽǲǰáгڵĲˣǶߵš
öӴʱҲ٣ʮĴָҶϰ֮áգ¹Ҳû˼Ʋߣӵֻö÷ǳ
̷гڣʲô˶ֱʱqһʱȷԸԼߵСӳȥΨֳһ顣СӳæqԼҲȺѵСǽɢ㼱سԺˡ
̫ͻȻöͬһ֪¹С
¹ڶߵģ쳤ڣĪǶѣ
qϸ룬ֱԴͷȥ
ɶ񰡡
¹׷ãвڸֵפصǶʵ̫˽ĵΣôһ߱ڵ֣һʱ֮䣬¹˾׷ϡͳӳǿȽϽɵṦ֮ûֻܲ׷ϣǽͷ¹Ϊ׼жԼҪȥ·ߡ
ûһ¹Ƽ빬ʳ֡
ã
¹޵ֱҧæתҲ˽ȥ
ԤıƫƫʳֽæµʱֻʳҪ̩ȥǵɫ㣬Ϲ̽ʳ䷿ݣ˿վ׼ʳĵĹ˼ۡ¹Ѹٴ˰Χʳ֣ԼҲشǽͷһԾ£վȺǰ񲻶ϵڸ֮ɨӡ
˻δӦ¹һ˶ﾾסС̣ǶҲһֵ¹һвĵأɫŵǰ£ţ֪ūŷ˺δ
δش׷յĴ¹ŭɶ
ʲôūŶһֱʳ£δκβذǶһʧ룬Լ𣬲ϵس¹ͷġٶѸǰ׽õҲˣǳɵؿ¹ԥ¹᲻ᡭץˣ
Ͼ¹ӽʳֵĿ겻һ˲£ʳС̸綼һΪæµÿ˶ͷЩǱ׷ϹҲδƼ˵ݡԣ¹˾١ƺеϡ
ǣ¹ֻЦһѽסȡһСɵƤˮһΣߵǰˮĶࡣǶȻⷴƲƾƵĶϾˮ״Ҳһڱ¡
裬¹΢ˮǸǰƣ¹үƵǿЧɢζɡ
Сԣзһ˿㵡
Ҳ¹Ϊ֮һۣΪǵܽϮɵ˱ضһץ˱Ͳףһץ˻ܵǾ͸˿Ϊ˷ֹ·¹ܱ˸Ѱֽʹ䶯õҩ־ĵʱЧ֮װһСˮǵֵʱشϡ
쵹óˡ
¹ʹ졣
˼ƻ꣬Ϥò֪ʳæԻУٽǧ㣬ȴ©¹үĺӡҰǹ¹·׺ݡ
٣Ƕ˺ɢѳģֽƣʹǻǼ¹ģ˵ԼֻǱֹˣδԽ֮¡
¹뿪ˡ
qϵʱ¹Ѿ˴ʳ˳˴ͽͽСqǶһۣб˴𰸡
׷˶áq
оԼʮ飬ͷʹˡ¹ЦӦ𣬻ֽǶ˴ȥѺ빬qĻҲֻ΢΢һЦԶԶ࡯ˣزЬմǽɰʯ¹Ҳע⵽һ㣬ڣ˵ץʱǹδɢһС
ˣСӡqɫƽȴοǳ


182 
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ֽڶѭߵ빬ŮѰ˸ͷȫͷȥ, ʳϴ»Ǵӡ, 붫ִӸԸѡ˼ŵùɵƹ, Ѿߵڸ˾, ֻ֮𶫷ѭӡ
¹Ѿ˽Ĳץ, æһվԴۣȥͼʷ˵Ĺ¹, Ϣպùţƹ㿴һѭ
ȥݼκˡ
ѭںдѵκòһЦǸ⣺һ£ʵүѭδ, ҲС˻
˲ѽáɼɫƣ, ûж˵ʱҲ, ϸԼҹ֮̽󻹵ûظĹģҾˣ˵ԼǱ߿һ¶ѭ
ԭǻƹ󷽵һС䣬Ծסκ붫ѭ˲, ̹ŮҲ빬ԭ, 㽫ݿ˳סСκ˳һʮի, бԸ˽Сʰĳκ˰ݷ֮á
ߵǰƻͨͣ١
óȻȥǻöѭ񣬺βһСû棿ţ㳯ĹʾȻԼһŵʯףƵؿ߱ߡһСŮģ򿪸졣
ֻڼ࣬Ψطһ㰸ϹŽ񣻷ľӣĳءٻɫɴ˳£ֱأĽָһµСͭΪǰߡЩһʱּе򣬶ѭĿ֮УԷһ˿ſСľǰд
ɲԥ˷š
˽ѭعͷѾϴϵۼҲ˸ɾۣΨ׵÷ջδɢѭݼ㡣ѭëʣתͷɿ첽߹ϧˡ
κѵдʮ飬ڣСľϰдֽţѾһ롣ɽǳд˵ѵּȻɬҲżмִдѿЩǶѭᡣֽֽ£ϸضϺ׵ĵط𣿡
ĸѭҩЩˣۡѭ˵е˻ƣԼǾӹĹĵģΪԼڳʲô
ɵӡɿЦһ
㣬ѭ̧ۿĿγʵ㲻̫ѭѭ֪Լ£Ҳֺܷĸѭһʱˣѭ֪Ҳѹ
СС˶ȴ˵ľ
⻰οǸվ̫ˣպˣǽӹһʱ᲻Ϊ˹ģʹԼϣѭϣѧλֳͻʲĹҡ
ôѭ֪Լ˺δ
ѭԡ
ɵ˵ͷ±ʣԼֻˣҹžֻǻ¯յ죬ţĵǵ̸ء
ǰЩֱӸ˵Ҳסĳĺ󱳣ѭӲſɳơޡ˵仰ʱʲôģΪ˼ɻߣүڻӶλܼɣ˵ǼֵѹǱϣ㱳ͳϴ󱦵Ҳڡѭɶ
ѭֱüһŵ˵ͷǽ㣬̫Ӹ粻ǴôѭףΪλϣѭλأ
ΪףΪǱɲٿ㣬Ӷٿ¡ѭ䲢ֻкˣĳ̫ˣΪ˸Ȩƣʲôó

ѭһƶǶ
οգʲ뽫ھַ⣬Ҳʮ顣ǵ꣬Сڻʲǰ˵ͼҵգʲ졣Һͻֲϣڹݺʱ࣬ϣʲ׼㸰κԶ붼Сʲ䲻ᣬҲ޿κˡ˼ǽһºгСӼȻǵ֮ףΪεڶĵϣҲ
ԭѭȴ֪ʲô˵飬ͻȻü쳣һ΢侲ˣֲؿʼᡣһĨһߵԭʡʶѭĸǵġ
ɵѭᣬοԸԼĸĸףʲԶ붼ǣʵΪ˱㰡

˶ѭ֮󣬶ӣֱʮѵصЪϢ˷صԼ޵ʱҵ죬и˴඼˯ˡҲˣԸԼ£Լ˵
ӻˡ޵ＸֵҹСѾͷŵģжɴжæ·ӭ£жϵĹΡ
æˣȥ˯ɡԼ߬ӣж˯ˣ
ж£дһʣҡҡͷ
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ЦˣŲ߹ȥ
Ҳ֪ѧҵѻÿݣܻܿ˯ţ˯ʮ𡣶Ҳû취ëɴҹ˯ʱϼ£Ժ˯ѣߣ£飬ȻԱߵĵŲԶЩ
ſ˶ݣ˯ˡεҡҡͷһƳ½󳨣Ҹպ֮£ʹ˿ʮһʱˣ۾ԾرȥĺȻֶ˼
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ţ
ﳳѣѾ˯ߣĲ١ˣ
첻áش˯ȥɣɸȥЬӣϡƣطضɣѭôˣô
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ˡ̧֣ҲһԼӲǡ
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183 
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ץ˵ʲôʿϾǱ֮ʱлͷеָֻãĥ֮²˵, Ҳ˺ܴĹʱ, , ¹Ҳ, һ, ĵòˣϸϸʡǰ, qصطԸǽ˺úÿܣŴҲǶ
Ȼȥ˯ˣⶼˣһ
¹ͥߣqæס, üôһЪôҪȻһȥϻɡ
ʵ֮ǰϳîʱĩ¶࣬ʱʼ׼, Ȼ¡ǰһʱϳ, ɼжôæq赣ĶӵͬʱҲǳԼͬ״Ͼ׷׷죬ٲúϢҪʲô
, 㵣Ұû¡¹ذ˰, ѾʹͥߣҲʲôˣŻع㰲Ӣ¼˲ɣ, øϻȥ˯ˡ
¹񡪡
رãӵǺִ֡
q̾һֻˡ
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ˡԹԵֹţ˻ȥѵǱߡ
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qֳǸȥδſڣű㿪ˣŷ̽һԴʣ˭
ҡq

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УҲͷۼ졣q۶ϡϡżֽֽϻдżЩɻ󡣡
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qӹֽϸϸ
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184 ѩ
պ, ɸ糯qµʮ
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áЦһĸʲô֣пɻʲô
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ĸе㷢£qɿһΪѣǲźֹ֪˵лү

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185 ÷԰
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ն, վ÷԰ǰֱֱشסˡ
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жһԣѾͷǶЦˡ
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ɵüһֱԼϵӵ֣һɡ
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ӡ
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ٺ١üɿ
Цãֻĵǣ֣ǰߡǵǰµСʯǰŰɣվ䡣
á
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Цˣ˵㵹ǳ˼ҵļͷ򣬻ͷҸϻ㡣
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ЩֻԼѧűãɶ̫ˣְ軵
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ʵֻǶɲ̫֪
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㣬رίȴ޵ȥ
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һ˵һСֵ糺죬ֱﲻ֨
֡š
ֻ㣬ôˣ
ߵЦõ⡣
ӣϻСˡ
¹Ҳ߽ǣԼʶȤ̸ֻĵǼԶ˵
⻰˵꣬ϻԶԶس÷԰˹Ų죬ЦġǰЩź͸飬Ҫôἰأû뵽ԸʡСĴ⵽ǰ컰
ⷬ˵꣬ϻߵɸǰǹݣ˵μӡ
ֻ򰡣øʲôƵġɼʱɿͷ½󣬵·
ֻأϻˣ̧ͷԣܰϺüԸһҹ찡̫ˡ
ǱԸȥʳִ⣬̩үκǱ㴫Ŷ˵ѩٲó򣬽кöȻҪһ˵꣬ϻתͷȥˣְлظǰϸϸԸɱ˻Ҹ˿ٳԲ࣬ȥһѾͷкϣϯҲڼһԺȡ
ףϻϲصرȥˡ


186 
Ǿ복ӳ붼ʱ, ŵȫ磬֮ĺԺˡ
ǰκ˴ŶѭԪʱڴ˴ϯΪÿСؼѽڵ֮ء, ѵһԺ, мŸ, һѽʱƺ, ˵˴á
ү, ǱѾˣүԸµĲʽϡþһӦ, ͵үȥɿϯʱһ̣СѾͷ֪жڵǰɵͷŻֽСѾͷȥ
ת򶫷, ·ʱЦӯӯҲЦɽôô
ٺ١
ץ·ɵЦ, ȫȻûƽΪһļӡ
ɽͦ˵ġ
ΪоϯһѵõĻ, ֹǶԼԡǽ࣬ǽ˼ෳңгϯѵáټϣⳡϯǱҪ׼ؾ֮, þûлع, 뵽Ҳеġ
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G
Եһŵת
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ม
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ûһǰͷӿˡ
ʶվȥӭӣֻѭκһһеĵһۣغִú˼ҳ׵ģѽ
ۡ
ںȲ¹ֱӽˮ˳
ѭô˵ġ
е
κ˵ڽѵӣ˶ĬĬվһߣ΢Цʾͯ޼ɣҪġ˭֪κȴһغͶѭ˵
˶ûأôף
Ŷ
̩үЦ
ͻȻطҹ۵


187 
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ЦЦҹ, ѹɤ˵Ѿͷµҷչµ°ԼмˣѰչӲҲСΪһһɱ֡
ɲü²һôҪɱô, ôôɱ֣
㶮ʲô
һףټ⡣
ЩѪȣֻǶɲ֪ѡ
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ʹɡ
гԵС̴˸ɫС̻⣬תСܶȥ
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Gɡǰͷõһʲô
ƣ̫ǵء
ԣŤͷȥ
ⳡǰͷɴˣüĿ飬һһöϵ£·Ϊ࣬µأһ龰ϣô˲ֱӿó񣬻ǶҪߡ
֮Уֵˣ˭
ǺǺǣֲǵһο裬ôһģпͷ˵ʵԼܳöɺʱ͵С񰡡үСΪϲˡֿȣʺϡ
ʱ˵ģԭڴѾõͷʽüһͬǰ̧ӰڵϣסҰ
Ŷãúá
ʶüʰ꣬ǱߵĸѾʼ˴ֵĻڡ
̩үС̾һعͷʱȴ˶һ٩ı顣
ΪԼ̩үЩ顣ϯǰ벿֣һֱҺͶɵʲô⣬ֻүԼκ˾ļҳȥѯʶѭĽջô̩үҲһ˼ϸĴɷء
㿴Ŷ
ǰҸղſһء
ϯ䣬ĻλڱʮĻֽ⼸仰Сžԭأ۾ãӲԾر￿
ѽ֡ɷСٶŲһλԶ
ҡգ۾ɿһҲѽⲻһǶ˵ʲôôһǲ˵ҵĻ롣
Ц˵˵ʲôǻֽϵıֺܹء
ҲüʱˣԶ֮󣬱һֱȻһǴ߻鶼Ϊճ߶ˡЩʱһֱ취λֵ£֮ǰ鵽ˡ
ǵȷûʲô˽顣
˶ɡ
ܾ˹²һ㣬Ӧáǿ϶нչġ
¶Ķߡ
СѾͷ˵еֱӣһʲô֣ѵǺƽʱһΣʱ򣿡
ҡ
ɺ˸ۡ
ι
㷽ڿ˭ҿɶء
ƮƮ³ôһ仰Цӯӯ


188 ̩
, ˿࣬ϯ֮ϣ̸Ц
ϷһʱϯϵҲ꼸ءαݲ, ЩĿܶС, ʶԸ, ȥҹ֮ǰ, ˵ү͡
μү, μˣμ
, վ˵ɡ
òڵͨȺ֮ҲرĿⲻһ۱˶￴
˵Ҳɡ
Ǽһһۣʹϲɹٶǵʱ⵽Ϊ˽ҹ赸Ҳһѣ, ɴ裬붫һԱȣһԽɺµˡһ, תۿߵ, һЦ
ǳϷݵüãү˻ϲ͡
л̩
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Ƕˣ⴫һŮүԼüϲߺ
͡
л
ȸԾߵлͣΨǼλḻĴƽĬĬߵͷĬĬ˳
˻
侲ŵǺûûεİܰء
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Сģ
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qޱںվš
Ҳԣɰһۡ
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ղѭǸСͦġ
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οѭѡ˶꣬ҲΪqϻһġ
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ȻϰѾͷ˫ɣĻмۡߣɸҲĻҪǸҲÿһ٣Ҳҡ
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жɻؿûзӦ׷Ѱ߶ȥ
Ҫ߻֮һʰС԰֡С԰ĻֲҲ̩߼Ĺʯɽҹ˾羰ûܿ٣ֻǿ͸ɫ浹ӳĵԹ⡣
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á
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үȺѾͷƬáָƽƤʹڿŽʯͷ񣬷·ղǸЦ绨˲ˣеϰߡ
ǡ
ͽˣ࣬ڽӵвּ̬ѵˣɽв˳ĵûдҪƾǽ̲Ĳ¡
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189 ߴ
պ, ؾװƺƵڹһ·
ļʱѡ峿ǰʮ͸æҪɵ㰲ţûв, Ϊӵų, ɵ뻮һػһ, ǲүʱԽ, Υ, ѺѲԺ
ӣһжѾźˡqǰ, ࡣһȻǲһ۶ѭǳϵ򡢳ԵĸԷġϾǸŵģκ˺үǱ¶ʹ, һжҪСġ
Ȼ׵ǾͲˡ٣, ̳
ǣ
ٻɫԲձëѩɫë, ͷϽڣŲϸ޽¹ƤѥĵôݰʮӢǼʱģ, »Ϊ˿̻ʮꡣмѭŹ, δǰѭȳŶЦ, Ҫ
ѭܡ
ڶѭߵͷ˶࣬ɲܴñ˾ǵκүǸŶ
˵ǡѭһȻЦеסԼͣŵصͷ
̿
С޶ǿɰ
Щ꣬ǻؾĴҲ٣ô߰˾ʮΰɣ˽꼸붼ܵ÷ǳڡʱ붼Ƕ̫ƽǹ񣬶װؾӶࣻʱжд󳼽ɣ˵ؾû̲ף˽Ǹӵı֮ӡΣλؾֻð̸ʽЩǻ˹ƷһӦȫܼпĻü˴Ϲ˵·ڶУͷ˵ձȨз֮ġ
ʵϣ̶ӵ·ʵ̫ˣʶװؾǲȫҪ̶֪ɫڼȻÿһ·ʱ·죬ʮ·ʮ죬Ҳֲλӵү
ˡ
Ͼ׵ϸ׵㵹Ҳá
ϻ뾩֮˶жһֱҳϣѱ˶˼֮ǰ칷һһٵǼ˶뿪빬ȵ֮к춯̴ŶԶ谣ҵܺ
ס
칷񣬼ɷվ˼ֹү
ˡ
ʱѵŽ
৵һײĦ֮ڹԵһ¹ͱ𳵶ӡŹ̵ͷĵԱǱץȼǣ浼ݶʽ̡гɡߣг̵ߣбƸΪƴ󣬿ۻңƳ֮ơ
һ·εյģҲ֪߶òŵǡ
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ٽ꣬ǺСʳǹǽ͸¶ϲϢʹⶬů⡣̫Ӷ˳һʱգ̫ϳʼ֮һǴ׵޲ŷʵõȨ񣬹ʳҳӶ֮࣬˶಻ʤ㣬´һʱ޾͢Ҳ
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ۣ˱ʡ
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˳ֻô˵ţûһķԸǾ񡣰ΣԺ̼µŶЩɻСضһۣһͬĬĶ˳
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˵ǸδѻҪֳ±ãǴˮţǻԵչӣȻڸСѾͷ⣬Ѿܰڳһׯ̬дȣ뾩ʱٵʵѭ겻տڿѧϰǣȴҲʫʾڹĿѧԴٲȻܿӰӡ
ÿţ˳οҹʱۺᡣ
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С̽ɻؿ£⼸նûкúϢ̫ūţȰЩعЪϢ
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СǴСڶ˳ߵģʱҪЩĳЩ㿪ڵ£Ҳܽһ仰Ǹ˳⡣ȻŰ黢ͷ˭Ҷһ䣬Ǿӿɵö಻һ
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190 
ҹĻ, 
ؾĳһգԼʮ·һСЪϢ֧ŮŮˣǲɡ, ⲻעĿЩСʱ, ֱӵ, ڶŲΡ
, 
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̫Լϲڴ, Ҳ͵̫ܳû췴κλ, , ضʹСɵ
ʱɿŻЩ⣬ʵĺƽ̩ôΪ̫ӸԵǻ֮
Ц
Ǹλã֮ɶкܶ, Ŀ, ȱȽǡɽҪغá
˵
, ǵˡ
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ɿỽ

һüȻɵĻУָǻţûһ㴫ȵĺ
Сڡ
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ҡҡͷֹ˵á
ǲԶˣñֱȥϢòã
ҡͷ
ţ
ˣһ뷨һЦ˼̧˯Ժ֮̽Уḧϣ˲ѵĵطǣϢòã
ˣûֻԹԵڶɵĻȻоõ˵ľٶˣ˶пܻᱻƵǲǸ
ʲʲô֡ᴭ
һޱߵͷߴһ
뷿֮֡

ݸƽЯ켰μ£μ̩£μκ£μԸүǧǧǧǧꡪ
ͣǰиľ˽ֽֿڷվһɵƽաСѾذʷ£򵽳ǰţ˽԰ݣǼλ׿Խүڶ䵭ȴǺЦȡ
Сġ
Ψ⳵ڲͬˡаԵСϰͷȥֻװݻ֮߳һİԽްƵĳȹ©һǣָѩɫף½԰ףʮּͷϷٴ磬˼Աµ֮ˣ»⡣
ǵү˰ɣԹԣ˶ѩģĳס
˴طСٻӼݻʵۻ԰ǶûмְλߵĴԼصһ֪һүܱȣȨ಻ǣֽɶ̳һɢˡ
΢΢̧ͷǣֻλŹκСԷֱ棬ϸһأֻһθߴЩĿӲʿ㣬Ϣԣһ˶Ա֮СҲ֮񣬼߻һŮӣأŮˡ
ȻҪ˭ȢϱϱȽףǡ
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һ·ƵƵͷЦΪƽڴСõ̩ǳοϲôһλͲš˵Ҳڷܡǰ빬ڱյйƽӣ˵˵سһܣƽΪջΰǣʱ붫бЭƽңûգ߱˵ƽһ½ƽûһһ䣬ֻһơ
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ʱس̣볯ĻķչӦд
ӷЩЪϢ
ãҲȥϢɣֵҹǣջҪء
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ҡҡԣüίż֮±˿ǻ
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˵ģæȥûйѽ˾Ӧȥ˯ҲµңҪˣҲ˯ǲǣ̫ˣԲŻ˯ѽ
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šҲ֪ûֻһػţΰѵģ
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191 Ϊ
ӵִﾩʱ, β롣ǰӭӵĸԱǰΣŶ룺죬λүôûҪٲϳǿҪĩˡ
Ϊ׵ĽӴ, ǽڳ֮㡪Զմˡ
մ˱óӴ, ̫յ, Ͱֱ, Զͷʢ, ơŹٷվڳǰչʱ, ֻһʿԶԶشǰͣתسǽյϢһ·СܽԶǰһ⣬׼붼
Ѷ, ּԶƮæɤӽл򡪡
ǧǧǧǧꡪ
ڹԱ׹ݣƺƴ, ڴְҲһ¹񡣡־, ̫ӵ֮ӭݡڳӣֻһδѣʳǸȥֻڼ϶Ƽֳһ, ¹ٷ, ôϵһˣȴ˲, ڹʱͷ˸
ⳤԶʶͺݺݵصһۡ
һ˲䣬ھǵĻһӱˣδǰฮҲաŶɵĽŲ˽ӣŷ£̲סᡣ
ֳʼ
ΪȣȻҲ΢С仯̧ᣬŪױݣʥĹֻһֳһС۽á뾩ҪʥʹһȦȼ˻ʲ̫ӸܻйŶܿͿԼˡ
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ǻ˽й٣ⳡ⣬ҲСñϳҲٰǽɣ˶Ӧòӡ
ͷڶɸǰһ̾ʼѡ
һͷ
˿̵ֻгĬǽţĬȴֺƽǧӡѰʱ̷˫ңȴ˼ɻأӵɢأگûؾӳƺֹǵ֣áת룬ѰÿΪʳסеǣȨҲ裬Ҳв¡
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˴ͨЦˡ

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ռ棬̫ӵЦȴУЦʺ򣬿Ǵ˽շǳһ
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񡣡̫ЦŻӦ
겻ܸо̫ӵº͵̫һˣ˵ﲻͬͬô棬̧䣬˵ĸоˡ˼ֱ̫´Լ̫ײϣرܵһߡ
ɶ̫
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ǰΪֻǵδȢޡ̫Ӹ˸ۡ
ޣܱ졣
˼ҵ˼ңʵ̫ˣ֮СŶֲ͵ԼĬĬֹջԼ˵Ļ
ƼǶ˹ϵôãΪ־ͷˡ̫ӲǷ˵Ķ°ʱˮһˡЩ꣬Ӧûǵ°ɣУǵø߻ְ֣
ַˣЩͦõġܵĻֵӣ·æҲҪעϢ
ģɶġ
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С޶㰵ʾԼæСֵ·°ǰ买֣̫ӾϹһݣ̫ӵ¡
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ѭգһ۾ֻǵͷ
ἰʵۣŻԾ˲ɢ˶óĬֻŻϲˣ岻ʲܴ£֪ϵײʲôӣ̫й˵ЦҲ뻺飬ϾǲʹĸϣģһڵĻ棬ǳüʵɨˡ
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ţ
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ЪϢĹǻʳһ䣬Χ㣬ɰһ㡣ɽǰֱ۵ĸܱǳ빬űŵĵҩζʱΪڰҩ˰ҩ׵ҩϢƹ֮ڣ֮Ҳ޹ڸǰźΨһҽҽҩͯʰҩңܹӴǰüĿ
ӣ֮ϣͣ·ֻ˯ˣƽȣɫûкܲ԰ף붼÷ǳ
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м״ʪۿ
Ȳμϡ
о֮񣬵ʵûѡ̫ӿɬһЦ˵ɣʾ񲻺ܻ˯ȥġɣƹӾͻѡó̫ѾǳϤʵ۵Ĳ
ü˶ں̫ô˵ĬĬվߵʵ۴ǰźΨСκѭ״򲻶ؿ˯ϵ˼ңһֱյ˫ۣ˾ͻ̼Ƶġ
ѭܣɲعͷ
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Сκر㿪ʼ٣鼱֮£ǳСһһġվȺŴ齣˫ͨ죻˲Ǻ⣬ЩΪʱȴͷˣ˵ӣģ㲻˵


192 б
̫һʱס, ⻰⡣
Ī֡æǰֻͣ򳼵ܺɶС̵ѭ˵죬ϣӶԴһžηҳ֮ġӢ¼, ѭ, ʾ˲, ռȾ, ػ, дһ˵
ԭˡ
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˻ãЦá, Ҫ
ѭû˵ءѭתһ
˵ĵط𣿡ѧҲźһ
ɡס˴˵ĳ嶯
ѭһϣʿԿת, Т֮ġ̫ӼСƢ, ֺЦĽЦͬΪΪֹȴһѭȷǺӣɶδ̫̰ЩĽǾܹ̬֮, Դĵ״û, δ׹ȨȾδǧصĵҪ̫붫жһ, öгìܡ˲⣬һʱװʲô֪
Ǳĺֵܡ
ѭܣֻ̫Լ
ѭؾصߵǰ̫һڴ齱ߣŻʵ۲ѭԻʵûм䣬Ͼ뿪ʳǰʱ꣬һֱûлؾôм䡣֮飬ȫǳԶ붫жѬգ˵Ǳ֣˵ʵ۵ķ¼ߣԻʵרκ˱ضҲѭ˵ʣһô
ʵȷ˲ӣΪӡǴյϣ̫˵ţǿʵ۵һһ˵Ļ
ѭؿԡ
ϵ֪Ӧôһĺ˵֮¡ԵԼڱϵܹʵ̫룬ǲ˵Щʵ̫Ҳ˵Ļ
Ͼֻð
ϲǳ£һӣҲȥġ
ͻȻһֵܶ˵ĶԻ
Խһæӵʵǰֻʵڴ΢Цƣ۾Ȼʼϸϸشǡμϡɵ˹ͷʵҲֻǰڰ˵˴ˣ
ʣûоúһЩ̫죬æִӴȡпнֳЩٶ뵽Լ뾩δڻʵ߾Тв
˯һһЩЩˡʵ۽˿ԲڴԾŵϡѭſڴǰʵ۷С˶̧Цѭֻʽ
šѭЩӣ˰벽㿪ʵ۵֣ᣬСسʣѭĸҲѭˡ
úӡʵο
ʣģԲԣ
ѭŴ۾а
Ϊʵۻ˵ᣬΪʵѾʶԼӲǰҲƭһӣһ¡ϣʵֻЦҡҡͷĳظѭ˵
ѭӣҲǷˡ¼޶ǷˣҪϲҪֱ֮顣ҲϣԼʱ㣬أˣܵĶҲˣʱ뿪ˡ
ʡ̡̫
ǻʵȴһ׵ı飬οˣЩӲһֱڴϣ㱼ڳ޵ǰҲǿˡӽһ˺ܶ£бճ޵ģҲбģޣʵ޶ʹˣҲûôǣҲʱδͳ
̫бʹʵʣ˵Щ
ġʵ֣ģگѱã¹֪ġ̫ӱȥ𣬻ʵװȵһּ⣬뿹ּ
ҡ
̫ӱԡ
ʵ۸ֿˣ۰ֶŮҲߣЦ߽Щ
ʲ涣ڻʵǰػˡ
˱ã˱áʵЦǺǵصͷߵֻǹɵغһϣæԾɶһͬҲǡ
̧ͷ˫΢졣
ǣʲ
Ů飬鲻ȴҲڴ˿ΪĲеѹʵ̾˵ȴ䣬˳һֵϷƭˣˣҲ˼Ǻԣͷ㡭ÿÿ𣬶ΪǶ˵ġ
̿֡ʲѾ㹻ˡ
Ҫ֪֮öӭȢٷ飬۳͢䣬з֮˵֮۲ţУʵ翪ȴҲв̱֮ôʵۣΪֹסԣ˲ٹ򡣶ɳʱ֪˽֮󣬾ͷ˺ܶʵΪ·ϸڡ
ɶ֪ʲô취ܸõضסڿڣʵͻȻʵ
ɿ̽ԵػشΪһ޿޵ˣ
ʵз۾ԡ
֪
ˣô޿޵ġʵЦˣи򣺡޿ޣ˷ëҳĲǡɶס֮ڣֻҪһ¡
ʲ뽲
йˣԻỤ㡣ʵ۵Ŀ˼أضϣƶǶֽͣ㿴⼸òնǲз飿
ΪΪǶи顭Խ˵ԽСĬĬصͷ
йеİգУǴɶҪ֪ղ϶ĳϵ˵ʵ۵ջǮֻҪǸðյӹúãǾͲ˵ʲôİգһǼǺ㣬Ͳܷˡʵ۴Ҳ˵ï}ˣź¡ԼֶŮò˵ˣ̵Ļʵæ˵ûԲ˵Ŷܹ÷¡
˶ʵһ飬˶С
ʵۿʱûж׶ûжֶŮϧûж̫ӵּ֮顣ԼӣСڹ̰ܽΪ̫æ̫æڲʱһӡʵۺγ֪ѳɳΪһι֮˳ᢣڴֻΪʵۣܸκϣöλ֮ٳڴʷϡ
ң
ǻʵۻʱ򣬻ǳȰģôࡣмرǰһݣ˵Т
ТΣɣ޺úÿ㡣
ǡ
ʵеӣ̫֮ӣʵضŶУвԽʱʺڡͬӵĳȡΪСʵҲϣҲдʣӵµӳ󣬻ʵ۷СԸƢǸһ㡣ˣǲᣬλ֮ϣСֵܿҪȨɱ˫ۣҪԼ¡
ԶԭⰡ
պҪúøӽ֪𣿡󣬻ʵֻôһ仰ûаĺͶϾһӺӶԣЩ̫ˡ
ĺԹԣֻǼᶨصͷشض׷ң
ʵЦˡ
Цûлӣֱ
ãð


193 ̫
ҹ, ʵ۵޹֮ڳ̫֣ܳ޵֮ڵƻֱͨ˲²ʵټ˳سյҲ˲²ǻʵŮ״ϥҹ̸, ˵, ഫ
˰, , ٹЯǰвϯ, ̫ݴʵϯܰٹٳأνǾƴ, ӳϲֺ̻ʢķ̫ƽϯɢй˼ҴҵشӺ̫Ӷߵ
ٹԼļҾԤ, һȺŶڹǰȺݡ֮ʣʳ÷ԼԱһ, ûӦ, йڻʳб棬޺
ϡݱˡ
𾪣ԽԹ
²ʮ³һʵ۲ԥ, ĩ, ʮжگλ̫˳αѧʿ쾴, һס˳ʵλȵ˶ĺ֮ӵȨƣʧТλʱؽ壬ƽҵͲԣΪıʹڹΪȵֺŵ²ʥʵۣ̫ڡ
۱Ϊ߹ҵĺҹ»Ϊ׶УֵĹһӱׯ£ɥǰ͢涨䲻þϲֻ߷ÿڽУộΪȵ۲ɥڹ󣬻ָ糣
ʳ֮ڣٰɥ񡣳գ΢΢µ䣬îʱ֣µڳţܹ¹⣬˲ýš
常Ҫ̫ˣӡ
ԭүԼκҲ˹У±ϳ⻻ݱǴ£˳һƬТģϣ˼Ҿ춼һãټϣ滺˰
лϹģϳ޴󰭡ү̾һ˵ֻǻ̫ڻʵʱԾɱʹ
ϯ֮ˣ׾죬һطį׵κѭҲ׵ֽ飬ܻ뵽ˣ쵹ǰǳ
ʼݱʱŮң˵Ļ˵ˣҲˣûźҲա˳ϵȻʵߵһ̣Ŀһգ˻ʵ۲˵ʱڵûٸУܺκڻʵ࣬Ҳǿ˻ʵ۵Ĳףɹ˵ǰʵǰ˿һһ飬ʱ̻ȼ𣬺¡̻ڿҫţɷǺÿʵۻŤͷȥ̻һۣ߿Ц˵ֹһˡ
Ǳһ仰


194 ը
涨, ۱ɥʮգž»ʵǻ䣬Ҫݵ󡣹Ӹظصֻھ÷ط, ۿһڴ˴, ˶æǲͨŵط, һʱ֮侩ż, 侰С
ǵɵ, ˿һæн˲̫, ʶߵû˳⳵װأǰͷݳ֮Ҳֻǲװ磬նĳ̫ˣʶûע⡣
ЩģסڣһɫŮ, м以пҶ, Žһɡ
, Ҳδңǵʲô˵ǶʱǷɥйԱڶ࣬ʸ˶ظĻ, һȺϢʱ, һȺ˽档֪˼棬ոܵһտ, Ѿͷqţฮһˣý˼֮顣
С㣬ǹԹ԰״ŰɣȻҪǲˣү˵ֵøܡֹС۾һλӣбԼæװ졣
߶ж״ֻݸ˼ɹɥδЦ
һ·ฮǰδţֻԲţΪ˶ĿиСڽӭӣˣæǰȥ˹֮
СĲμ£μ
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Աͷһ¶ɵԼ
ţİɹȻֱһصˡ
£ֻǾүر𣬹ʶ࿴ۡһ˵ţһɵ߬ɲʸֻ߽ฮһ·ֱȻʱһЦͬСȸʳһһ¶ɵ
֡
Լˡ
ฮǰն˫ִⲽʱ̧ͷ·С˻ʱͷŵϵļҰݷ֪˼ʲôԼһյ蹤򣬼ŲնܳءԱߵѾͷȥˣæСүүС㵽ˡ
䣬ฮҵңҵΪүձֱԶΪСүҵʹˣȻԾоϳ£дСɶննүҵΪү̫ү
μ롪
ɴ񡣡ն£ȴֱֻฮСۣ̫н˴ǻȵ˵Щˡ
ǡǡ
նЩӦɴˣүغú˳Ŷɴˣ
үԱߵѾ̲סѡ
׽ɥˡϳӣһʱظ˼ңʱ
˽ڣնæ붫ݣҲϱߣƴ˵ڼˣҪնȥߣȻԼ

ǡ
½Сϣܣֻฮ֮ǰʱͬฮ£ȻڷһЩݻŵĻƿڼ黭ʯܻһЩӵլӻУζֻֽ񵽷ãڼƺѳ£Ω¼ֻԼ߹еġʥ࡯Ҷȵʡ
ɼˣд
үϳӣ걻յΪ״ԪʱүᣬȵҲᣬˣԳƵ֪һദ̸ʫʸ踳ıι¡үһΪ˴ЧȵҲүʮأȻȵҲҶԼͬʱἰλةࡣֻȵۼݱүضѹɥδ԰ڼ涨үﶼһһ𣬿ɼġ
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ˣĵ͵ЦǰϰۣΪխȹװȴΪֹźŤء
ˡն˰֣ʹļ׵جģͨԸΪȵ۳իоæµΪףȻȳ˼ӱģΪյ¶ظǳǳһۣϷ򶼸мǳ
ฮۣҲһڻʳеİ飬ʵ㲻⡣ɿЦֵڻʳУǻʲ飬ɮµʿҹоȣҲܡ
ն
ֻǵǵسԼŮһۣɫƽͣԷġ
Ϊ˱ԼͰΪȵ֮¶ˣæ˻⣬Զӵ顣
ʱںѧϰʶʫء
~Ŷѭܲء
ţնżһ׮κ£
ԡͷüͷ΢л˵ɻ󡣡ôʲôغѭ𣿡
GʵҲʲô£ơն˵ţĿ⿴˶ɣֵ飬֪ˡ
֪ɴָ£
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Ϊ֮ǰ̩ӵȨѱ˷ԣټһκͬһһʵ۵ʹÿÿ񣬲ֹ鱦бⷬأ˲ЩǵĽǵôʹͣУһЩˣӵйȨ֮вλϾһ볯͢εǺɱġ
£ȷšֻݸû˳նĻ˵ȥ¹ػһȨԼҲν˵
Աû
ĺģ˵˵ֻҴ¡ȻΪʲôŽسϵ£Ҳÿ¶ܶȥɡи̣ҾһЩóԵӻ磬ǻܲҴƣ
úúãǵã˵Щˣ˰ɣҵĹŮնŮǺް취ÿμˣͺ޲ժϵġһ˵ѵûؼһأͰɵֻй£ðˣֻ˵
˵ʲôġ㷢롣
ӣЦԳռ𣿡
˵ռɥ֮£ʽϷصذ˳ʱԤһЩζϣ£ܹԵϰߡ
Ѿܲˡ
ι
ˡ


195 
ҵɥն׼ظʱ, ԼıŮǱŮˡүظˣϸһƣôµϺͮͮģӡӣҵЦʱ, һʱǿԼıŮ
Ҳ, ҵԼ, תϲΪŭ
үүôң
צӡ˼ң
үүôҰ
, ҵ˼
үү, ң
ȻѾͷԹ, ֲҲ鵽ͷϡԱ߿ϷĶɰ͵Цȴͱһǣպײڶϣ۵ӽ
ٴˣ
ҵնͬʱֹϽһʹĵģ
ıʹˡ
ٴ򡭡ǾȻһ֡ǡǸΪұɰιҶ֣ΪʲôҪҵͷϰ
, ࣡ɴˣ
ⳡұ׼ݱΪฮڧʱ򣬶һԼ࣬һʹסǡһԡ
, ðɣҵնæһ, ػС
û£ˡڨЦһίͰ͵ֿλԼĹȵǰ, ΪѣǼõ, ôᶯִءϵӡʵǷվڷ䣬Լ, ӲǶӡȥöλˡ
λԣȻһ
ľУǾС
ȻᣬôǾͲҪǹˡնæЦֱۣϸŮŲǸ˼~ɲҪ˵
ߡȥĴɨ㡣
ҵ״æҲߵߣ
үүˡ
˰ɣǾ֪۸ң
ֲˣǵúϼҴСƨɺͷֺȰվһԽ˾̲סฮķΧĺãƺ޹ʵʼҷϣȻô̳ԶôһãȻżЩǼˡţԼ˶֪
£

ɱлһعͷԭԶ
ǿʲôأԶЦˣŶȥֻһȺ׷ܡôһظʹʲôұôôץԶͷʺţֻѯʶˡ
ãһƼ˶ϵӡӡ
ۣ÷ô㰡
ǣ
ɱ仰ˣæס졣
ⳡ־ԶϼҴСһٸգԴ˱ʾʮ⡣СֶǶе˷ܣʱԾԾԡ
ŹԶķҪð춫òؾԶǣһȥߡɱȴס
ô޹
ȴ˸Զѹ֮ǰһֱԹоӵɻ˵ĿԣƲףҪȴ˼·Ǳˣڱ±ضЩ˽⣬β˻һѣ
Ŷԣϲüҡʵû磬ֻԶ˵Ҳǳƽ޹ʵģɲ˼֮£²ϹءֽԼ˵ˣȻõĲ϶ʲôqǳȥɡ
q⼸ӲʣฮɣҴ߳ȥǡ
~СЩ
֪~
ԶԶؿ˸죬ǸãԼҲеϲòճ˵С޷ֿˣѾ˵٣æСǰΧ磬һ
øʲôƵġԶȥˡ

ʳ֮ڣ˳뼸ƫ¡
Щǳ͢ϳˣһϮ⣬ĶرĽ죬йþɳй֮ʿϮˣһ䰲㣬һǳ޴
ȵʱӵܺͲţʹǧͬշƶһ߽⣬ȵʱ𣬴Ĺϱ˲ȵӹͣ;λϮܵ񻤡䰲˵ϣΪѪպıͽ˳ǵλҪЩӵġ
æδλҺú̸£ʵʹ޽ǡ˳֮ϣˣĿͣϮϣڵ䰲Σ֪Ϯ֮һпɻ˳
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˳ЦЦ
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λ»ʵ治ɫĳӣ˼ȴѾǧȺһ㡣
ϡ
ʱ޴˵ˡ
£˳΢Ц
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˳ϸһûнľӡ
ʡ޴УŶ˳ݣϣԻйϢգúõΪȵ۷ɥ϶׼
޴󻰱ϣ˲Ŀ˳ҲǾþδ
󣬵е󲻾
ϾȵɥǣʥҪɥοΪ˳ߣֻ֮Ҳû糯һЩϳӣ˳ǳùݡ޴䲻ӱΪɣܲܵûʵ½⣿
ѻȸ˶ڵµۻʲôӦ
Ⱥһ
˳롣

ǶִϣңҴҡ
ǹǶŰ£֮ฮʱļȣ´˾ȷֲ١ͬɩشѾ߳ţһ·Ͽذ׹ΣвζаԾɾȻ˾ֽıʹɲ֮£ĵӻǻٴε
ɩɩʲô飬ҪԳð찡صֱۣʵÿɰ
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ɩɩ̲ס̾ԼԷ˯ɣͬʬ⡣
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196 
ǰֻ֪һɩɩ, ԳТ˳ԷС᣻շ֣Լյ֪ǳ, زֻǻ, ѧ, Э̡
һĲؼֵͨݸļ۸, ССʮϰ, ضؼǵеĹɣһֲ©˵, õȥ˲ȥ졣һҼ߹ȥʶģһԼʱغⳤɩ⣬ҲԼĲ㡣
һֱ֪, ԭɩɩô࡭
ﻰҲӲĶ㲻ʲô, ɰˡ
ˡصֱ˵, ͻȻһʧ䣬̾ɩɩܹЭ磬Ѿ˺Ľˡ
Ťͷ, б߰˷֡
ʵҲض̫黳µ, ˼һգ¹ػʼ, ƾвܵӣҲѰæǰæ˵ʲôҪ鷳ȨʡЦ֣˵˵ףҲ۰Ų̫飬Ӧײǡ
סͷַӦGԶǶɩɩã
Ǿ˵ˡһЦ硣
ȥֿһСɵ̣նáһţرæŽµ˱¼ưţð죬鶼ûдꡣؼվɵҲȤе𴦹䣬òؾ㶼еϡҲǺõġ

үȻ϶Ҫء
㣬С¸ûǱأ
޴Լ´ӻʳǳһ·̸ۣС±˲֪ǳһ㡣ڻʹ޴ϸݼ٣ʵûָɹֻ̽϶Գļɵм֣룬ϾӦ󣬶ر׼Ϣգպезɥ
Ϣһ˽Զ޴Ŀ࿴˵سرŴ˲׸֮˽ӽ޴ͼ̵ô
޴ϲŭɫϴһң˶ҲǸΪԼλ磻˳˼ӵ⣬ģŲ١
үԲӡߵСĵЦţ˵ȵ۱Ǵ£ЩϳӾȴҲÿյзɥֻǰ١үһӲʣϱϢɼ϶ǳĿأүذ
ǡ޴Цһδ̬ǲЦѳĵ뷨
үͻйȥɣ
ʲô޴üõǵطˣ˿أûӣ͸ˡѵû׼Ϣ˴ûᣬȻҪúõϧ
˱ڶиۡģסййĵйԷͬǰǾձеĹټҸۡнأרд⳼ʹߵΪؾֻ̩һ֮£йȴֻΪʼӵ䶫ɵ˿š
޴⳼޼ڳ޸Իؾסй֮ڡҲ޴̫һ㡪ϾڹھлСԼۡóȴֻܺһȺүй
޴ԽԽ֮ʱȻԶԶ߹һӰһТѩӣͷϰ黨ű£ϼ͸ƴƣֻǾޡ
ͷѻôˣȻȼһѻ
˭ҵСϱÿʵץġ޴߶ŻѾԽظȥæǰش⣬ߵԶôˣֻӰĻ˭ϵó˭أ
һǰͷѩӺȻͣһС̯ǰפĿ޴Ҳһ٣æͣ½Ųֻǹ
ѩ߻һѾͷ˿̼Լϲ̯ʲѯҪĸ
һТĪǼзɥСѸ޴з۾Ц⡣
үӼеտæɥǰ˴Тġܶ࡭
Ŷ𡣡޴ԣмʧ
վˣ޴ѩ죬ƺͬоĲֹһˣܿ죬֮бۼĴյǰ޴үǿƺڹмġ
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ү۾ͱˡӺȰ衣
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197 ŭ
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ˣۿһȣԼ

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198 ֳ
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Σ˳ջߣɫࡣԶòֻ˳ˮ۵֣ΪΡ
Զ̧ͷȻͷȥ˫΢졣
ΪΪֵϷԲѷֶš֪
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˳ԽԽһƣðϵĶᵹ

Զɴصй˾ʹ޵ûг̩ѶҲֻܳԵøŸˣвɴ޵ǰСͤεν˿
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֮, ھ˲Сķ粨
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˳ŸоһЩ
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201 䰲
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ǰʥֳǻˣʲô̰أҡľλһ֮֮ϣԼС֮Ĵǽ֮

үض˵סɰ˰֣ĻȻүǣҲֻðѻ˵үġ
²ֱԡ
޴ʲô뷨غүͷɸּ˵ʥȻҪþǿǵҴ֮أ޴󲻻̫ܵ𷣣˳صأһ֮ÿÿ絶࣬ʵڲʡľүܴױġ
˳Ļ˼һһü
ȷʵΪ˵ޣôܹôͳϽһأ
ֻǵ£޼ڳ꣬һһϦ޼̨ġǵߵز𣬿ǵģʥҲͬ뷨㿪ʼҡˣ֮ԶɲΡֻǶɵ뷨̫򵥣ȻپٳĹĶǣڱߵصĴãԼķִڡ
һ㣬Ȼס̾һȻбϣֹס˻⡣
ЩãȻͷϵıڵƣаٰᣬء
ıǱ˳Ƕκһλֳ֪ǻ³çֻǣնֳ£ҲԼɼ˽ҲãҲգȥ޴󣬸ǶԴһĽ飡
ֻǵ·ѣһôδ
ĬϵĲһȲ衣
ҹХŴֽ죬⾲׵ʱ˼⡣˶ûͷֻԵغȲżȻ䣬СڰżոµķīкװΣʣǿΪѧԤĶ
ѭȥЦˣСһֶڶձҪѧõ˸׼ġ
ҲЦЦ㱼Ǽѭ俪ѧĳʱСһﻹץëʿ죬ëϱߵëʲôġأ뵽ʲô߶һ䣺
ûǴһ֮أκ
ԣҲͣסж
˶ɵ֮


202 ѭ
ɼq¹صйԷʱ, ѽ˽̸ѾöľƣƽԶɽӴǣֻżȻһ, пүտ, ֪ǲΪ²ģ
֪, Ҳ֪ƵƵŶĴ㡣
ֻÿ뵱ʼʱ, 뵽ھ޴֮, ԼæȴҶֵӣԼ, ƺҲͽЦϷȻСЦᣬȴشۣߡ
պ󣬴¶Ϊǵ̸ɡ˼ˣʹ, ɴԣ±˶ԶҲָָ㣬Сɵŭͷ, 嶯顣
¼ˡ
, ˡ
ţȥúЪϢɣջ칷Ƚҹˡ
ס
ʱ, q̸⴫, æԴ̧Ĩ۽ǵʪֻǱ۾װԼѾ˯ʱ, ȴû뵽˻ص޵֮ϴһʱ̽ӵǲһĶ̫󣬳㣿
ֻҡҡͷ
ţʡ
磬֨ѽ죬һԼ޹ֻһζŴӦСĵزһ䡣ɡ
ţ
ôŻȥ˳Ÿоɵ֣ʱֻƱģⴵ˲ٺ磬·̲ҹģʲôҲܹĥ˵İɣ
มǶ°
Щʱ򣬸ġ
Բˣ֡
Ĭ
ţ̧ͷĽЩɣϵģΪ㣿
ǡΪǸ°˵ԼΪ֮ķҲ£Ҳæһңصҿ⿪⡭ɻǲ̫ó˵ѣֻǽ䣬;ԼӶ¡ҺõûƵƣûܷľȡѽǲ֪Ƕ°һֱһֱģҪqüۣס̸ء
ֻֿЦ۵ؽɵģôˣҪôһʱ䣬˯ء
û¡ַ䣬شҲôһ죬޴󰭡˯ɣʱ㵽ոߡ
á
ûʣɲġ
ʱɵԺǳ֣˼ͣųͼڽĵط˼Լҹ֮ƸôӺ֡

󣬶ڹùţŶѭһͬ㵽ոߡѭףЩֳǲٰɥǲףϧ׵ܣص򶫷˳һߡ
ѭ꣬ȴǴԿϰĺ󹦿棬ǳʵ⣬ѧûѧ龫ܴȻд󳼶Զѭı޲ڣ˵лʼҷ緶ձضܳΪʵ۵ı۰򡣶˳οҲ⵱Ȼٲ˶붫ҹĹ͡
ʽ㣬մ˵Ķͬô
ȥոϣѭ򶫷ո¡СЩߵͬ˲࣬ߵļСȻ㣬Ϊеȼϵദãûн֮СqϻŮѭû顣񣬵֪ԶĵԼ£ȻǸ˵ġ
ѭҪСһЩأ󡣡ŶѭЦˣԴѭܾôô
ģС˵ôֱԲ䡣
һ·ڿľɫûйǵĻ⡣ѭȸԾɲԼǰΪѡǼС顣
ѭͷ˼
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Σ
ǼСǰԼŵı׼Ϊѭ׼ģһ׷棬⼸˲ܵõѭΣôǵöѭСЩ黹հס
˵ǲãʵܶǶģҲܾ𡣡ѭʵ棬СҲһһ۵򶫷ɻشֻѭǽӴʱ䲻ƽҲֻǸѭ飬ѭϰ䣬ѭǣδлʽqǵꡣ
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һüƺл˵
ҪҽϻʲôСå۸ѭܵϷ룬ѭܺСһ¸飿
ֹĺ

ʽϣп֮ˣ㳤պ㵽κЭΪһĸ˵ӶɽԦȨ֮ǵϣһ˶ģΣ
˵ɣȴءԽüǰⷽĺͯѰ˼ЦͣڶңȴҪʼѧϰԦȨ֮ʱˡ̾Ҳ֪ǰǲ
šѭסѭɵصͷ΢΢һЦ
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⼸գһֱھΣԼֿˣԼ˼ǲûн˸Ҳᷢ¡ʹܾ֮໹öŭÿ춼ԶԼ϶޴Ĵãÿ촫ѶϢƺǧƪһɣҪô޴󰭣Ҫôδоߡ
ӭ˻ظò̧ͷһۡ
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ߵ˶࣬
շշˣ֪ڼô
һʱ죬æͣޣѭ˵ֳĺ飬һֱ˵Ҫ棬̽һ¹һءǺӣ
ѭƲƲ죬˵ԼûһֱأǻʽԼϽ˵仰
Ƴһۡ
С޶æԼǰаЦ
κºءԣʶǹսѭȻڼңһ棬ͻ˰ô
ѭЦˣ˵޷ȥҲԣֻ´ŵʲôġ
ᡣҲЦˡ
μҲûʲô͵ģΪ⣬׼һķı䲻ϺƷʣҲʵáѭԼ˸ƣһСæǰﻹһСةΪͶ꣬մ˼̳²ͬԡͬ꣬ϣգһŬˣҲΪЩʵ¡
ССͣ˸ߵĺȴ˵ϳɵĻʵǾڳˡҽŵ鲻Цˣκ˽̵ģעݣĪʧκ
־ϲһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
ôԵĺӣһͷ


203 ׶
˿̵Ļʳ֮, µ۶˳һؿŰϵۣһԲ˵˫ֱǰֽţл, Ҫֽմһ㡣źԵĴܹ񲻸Ҵ, ¶˳ѾһӲ, 
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ܹĵĬĬ̧̾ȴӰ߶ܹ˼һ£ĬĬŻʵһȻŵſȥ
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طλúر
λڴı߾೤һ̷߰ΧŴԱߵ䰲һǣȻκ߾ٵ˵ҪͨΪò򼫺һգѹڱյءǰò³һصȨΪܽ˵ͼǷ˼Ĺ򡭡ǸǶ˳Ļүүˣʱ޼佫ս޼ҵأʮȥȻгЧʹʥĴãͷķſϮѫν
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ʵ˳ڿŵĵһʱֻż˺٣۲ΪǣǻϣΪϵŴһУóȻ£򣬴ĺԤϲĻ
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ˣѰ찡̧ۿݡ
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ү˲ԼͬһͷĵĺͷŭԽԽ񡭡
꣬꣬꣬ټ˿ڹռ˵ĳɳ
һʱЩ
£һûУȿڵľȵةҵ˵ŻǷ׵ĺҲһһǸ컯֮¾Ȼɥ飬һֻֻˣϷ򣬱Ҫ
ҡ
ǣڶԵı˹˵նü֮վЦֱˡҲȥõط˵飡Ǻ޲ýСӦðڳʮ̫ʹ죡

ʮ̲һȻԶƽʱѾˣֽ飬Լ˵ǳʲôıӵҶõİֻҪ˵ĳЩʱԶʶؿλһۡ
ҵնͬʱͷʾ
̳ͱٰʮ

һʱ˵ķӦסüҪ춼˵ϻֻĬĬǽ޴󣬴ˣų̾һ
ôһʱ䱣ǿġ
Ī˵Ǽλףɵһۿ޴ʱγŭҲ֪ʱ޴һôģֻʱԼ޾޴ſڵϻʴʱĺһ˵࣬Ӵ˶
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ס
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ס
£ҡ
Ҷס
ɰ˰֣ʾ˵
飬֪ǵĵıҸأǵʹޱҸֻǣµĴòң޴Ҳ˽ġ˵λȻϹϾسһʹһңҲŶҾһᾡŬֲǸˣҲ취Ըģġ
˻ҾݣһȻþò
ҵʹͷ۾ͻȻʹؿʼӿᣬΪġһ̾սСŮи£ңʵռ֮ϳܹ޺ߵľ
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204 ϧ
صйԷʱ, һǰȴ˫ִУů£ů֮⺮Хҹʵڿöˡ
үСġ
š
ϵ, ԵضһԴ, 򶫷ʱ, ȻػһЦ, ˣ
˽һ, ֣
Ҳ֪нйǰ˶ãͷ˪, վ˺ЩʱɡиӦڶǻ޹·ϹŻŲǰ¹ɫʾ˻ȥԼ̩顣
¹˵ͷ첽ǰĲ
㡭ǰѶɵЩٶ, ĵ΢Ц˳˽䣬·һȹսʱס˶, Ȼԭֹ, һͬĿǰص
ǰòɸߣȻɻ󡣵ͷͶվڲԶ΢Ц⣬үҪ̩, жȻص׼, ʱ磬ҲЩˡ
ǡ
ʵ׶⼸æµЩʲô
ջո, дʱո鷿ڣ˵ǶڣĹ²٣Ǽ°ɡ֮£һҲ䣬ʶμװ֪ҲԼµĺһŲ֪
ֻҪж˰ĵЦݣͻġ
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ο
һߣɺͶѾվڷĬá
ϤĸоöлǰøճʱԼҲվ㶫˵ʱĶƣΪ޴񣬶лⰲοЩɱ˱ɱˣҪǡֻǡأ쿴Ļ֮ţͻȻ֪򶫷ɽ
ԣϣԼȥðգð֮ΥԼɱǸˡ
ǻֽѾ޴һ
¡
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㰡
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ɵһ˿ɫת˲š
ô
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̧ۿζӳ¡
ְ
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֪ǰ첻ǾԲŹġİɣӱʮδĵף䲻ʱޣ³çɲ㣬뿴ġλֳã̶뵱ʲ죬һʱ鷳ôԹԣǵĶѾ̫࣬ɶ֪ôˡ
еͷЩ

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ٶ˵䡣
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޴·϶أƵǲسٺʮ꣬󽫾ְٲûؾЧȡ
ڲμǻ½׼뾩ˣУ뿪ġҲ֪ɺϻ⣬øšѺ⡯޴ĳӳƽﲻľһӦţǽʿ͸һɱҪǰͷĳӸˡ
ͷĳʿǷǳŵģԼ߳ؽͻᱻɱ
ү޲£һʿ
ӣϻλƵģôڿģҲͷΡ
һϣŶжߡҲ֪ɽǲǹڷܣǹǲ֣ɣҪһܡ
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䰲ԣս˶ߣֺϤԱ䰲ô
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˳ӵɵͷӦ䰲ô
ǰһ˵һ߷ϵֽţޣ䰲λ̫ˣ˵ı죬ø߾λʺϣ
Цˣûлش
˵ֳ֮͢£жǴġǶ߰һ⣬˶ѭ
СӺκ¾ͶҪΪֵܣ
ŶǸ龫Ҳ֪ǴʲôطѧĴʶԴոһգҪݣ˵Ժͬˣͬʹء
˼Сë顭
ǷشЦ˿ڣŷӦԼκȡ߲˼ס죬ūˡ
СôֱӵġŻڹĶ䲻ظǵĻ⣬һֱء
̲סɵͷ
զɲؿ
ҲСӡ
ݸ۰⡣


205 ѩ
˳ص, ȥǰͣĹˣ׺󣬱򶫷˼աڡУû, ȥдӦˬ, ƽϲȤϰ߶û, һˡ
ɵЦ, ˵ֿɱӦô, ʱ빬ˣ㲻Ҫ˽˵Ҳ, һ˴Ŷ
ܡвʾݺݵصһۣôС

Ҳһ˼ʾȷʵûش
öһơ
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ɵͷ, ӣƺЩʲô
һʱ򣬸ִʲô
ʲô
б⻰ʵã
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ûأ
װ
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ѩԲû˼ңǺȥǱߣǵöˡ
ź󣬶ү밲˳˵ԼĴ㡣ֻǵͷ֪Ůзִ磬Բ
ѩЩ档ô꣬ƺ𡭡
ǺԶԼһ·̱ܵشѩʱЦŨŨƺܶõ顣ҲԹɶѩ߶ģɽͰƽ࣬ⶬѩʱڣżС޳ûһԵı¡Ǻ¶࣬ҲôЩ궼δȥ
أǵʱĸҲͬѩ̾ﾰɫá
ŮϬ̸ЦţἰȥؼȤ£ǻꡣ񣬲ԽǵĻѩ羰~ȻһطѩѱլӻߣղôҲһȥɣʵҲͦɵ÷ʡ
һˣҲûȥЩСȥʲôЦŰ֣ȥҪ·ϵӲʣҪǷչҵġҵǾ⸮Ƚ⣬ʺҡ
ΪѵƲƲ졣
ɻعͷǣš
ȥɣ߼ϡ㣬ĿȰǱ̰˻ظճ̣˶ͷˡ

úúã҆Ҷˡ
û
涫еˣԼжߣһɲ
ʱ߻˵ү˵ѩ˼ǼҲ;Ÿˣʮ˶ݣĲɽֻǳǰ߿Ƕq衢ϻ¹칷Ƚš˲ʱû
ðɣˣȷûκεΣء
˵qһʮ
װУ˸мҾ켰ĸ⣬֪١һ·װϣٶǰѩ·żвķ羰Ŷһ춼ţֻԭ۴αȵլԺ𽥱٣㰲ԽԶǾɫӳǽׯ̱ΪֱָĿľƺ޹ɵطֲڹٵ࣬ȴ˸е롣ӳʱƻ裬ʱ·ͣЪϢ·Ѿ쵽ѩ߽硣
~~~~СؽԴ̽һһŰѸɢһƬѩСѩҪȹ㰲Ǻ࡭
ٽҹֻǺղ֪ʱĻɽţ⴩ƲһһţȻɵɫڸǣͶ䵽ǰããѩʱҫһ˲ʧΧ¹˲󣬼ѩѾߣæӱ޸Ҫ֮ͣǰźѩĽӴˡ
˽ѩԳûж׹˭ʮܽѩĽˡ
ʡ
˻ԭһ԰߾̾
ѩռؼ㣬Ϊ˾סԸʱֻѩ߰˸ˣ֮µľӶʮ⣬էһѩȻڴˣһľ羰ʽ򡣶Ҳڹʵ֮˸ĸдʱıƭһ⣬Ϊûɽأ
ɶ
μ£μ
߰˸ѩһô꣬ճϢƽҲ⴫ȴͻ٣Ҫ˵ǲܵġδߵݴǶ٣̫ġ
աɿڵ
л¡ŻȻѩأûһ̧ͷɡ֪¼٣С׼ܣˡ
Ҳһʱ;ѩ䣬Ǻۣ֮ɽ˽ϵĴ멣վ˵ʵǲ㣬ҪˣѵͲܽ˵˼ң֪⸽еطޣѩصģء
˵ᣬ˿ûүļӡҲǲŷӦֵתҪɴ·Щײһȥ
СЩæ
ɫѩΧûʲôƻҶڴľ࣬ǽ¹ѩɫҲϡǰ·æԼóӺ͵ƣǰ˺ظŶɵˡ
ѩʵûʲôӡһǰͷŵָ·һ߻Ⱥ򶫷ɣ渵ʱүֻСֵܼտƬطΪ˲þСļͷסš˵ţ˻Զָ˸ǱѩڴһأƵżѣҲϡ衣
Ҳ͹Ǽ͡
ĪģЩСѩҲŪһСԺӣżΪѲɽЪãδס¡ˣСԵ˽׼׵ܹúЪϢ
˼ң߾Ǽֵܣ
Եġ
˼ҵ޶أ
รסԶЩʱʱҲ̽æСÿ¸ټȥСۡ
ԭˡ
Ǿͺá
ɳһ
ʵһ·Ϲǳ⼸λ˼ѩʮһֱȻһδ䡭˻ܸоϷ˵ʲôػꡯû𣡻ãǺﻹǲһġСү֮ſ˲٣ָѩȥҪǱµСԺӵ׳ʲôģ


206 ķԺ
ѩеСԺ˵󲻴, ˵СҲСǰĸԺ䣬ķԳƷֲûķԺôֻ֣, , ƫҴӵǰ滹﷿ͳ, Ժаڷõũ߻, ȸСȫ, ȷʵôһ¡
ȡӽԺеĵƻϣֳƣ, СԺС뼸ֵܻЩʳιƥȻûоסҲÿմɨġĪ
ﻰ
ǶԱƽӴ׵Ĺ񣬴˵Ǽªֻ񶫷ɱͱͨ˳εĴ㣬һСԺȫɾ࣬ѾǺܶͨ˶벻Ĵˡѩ֮ǰ, һҪ͵ӪأôסȻˡ˼, ɫ, Ҳе˿԰æǾȥϢɣҹ·ɲߡ
æصͷæͶɵ˽˵СԺﱸ̿ںδ̱ɺδ߹ںδԼСԺдʳĵؽλá
ɺһ, һæǰæضⶣ, Цˡ
ɡ
ţ
룬ֻ, Ǯ࣬ʳסеôأԴ
ɹһ˼״ǾҵϱӼң
ûС

гһ޿·ϣʲôʱ˳𣿱չһõİ취ԼӵϵȨޣôɽչ˵ôãǲΪһֱŬȡͳء
Ŷɵ֣ůĪд
ˣ֮ǰһͷģ¶⼸չ˲ԼȻѩίϻվСԺǰһ߻ֵһߺűģǻ
ȥɡǶǺˣչ˺үģȥɡٲȥǷĵƶȼûඣ˷ѻѽ
q
˵ֵֹġ
ҹ䱾Ͱտѩҹ㴵øˣǾæһ춼ûкúϢһƣ
ӣ׵ˣȺͷϢɡ
ǰ㵽q裬СԺãص±ů¯ݵǰһŵСطߺжʰҲһ·СܸϹһһߣԼСˡ
֣һЦ
ҶæˣϢȥɡ
˵ͷӦ£û¹ϻԶ֮дŵ˷ܣ˷֮е㡮ˡţӣӣвϺõĴװ幭һӦȫǿȥ


207 Գ
ݡ
΢, Ƭѩس˯һҹ֮ϵ⣬Ÿͷ۳ң̤嵱ॵظ˺һ, ʱ븸ǰӴ, Ұ, , ǻܣɲѰֵصԳŶ, ׵ý
λ֮ŮӣҳĴѾ, һоݸ죬ȴŲԦһԣȫԱװȡ
ɱС, ҾʱҲȥ·ϼĴëܲ٣ǴԣΪֻ廨һʱ䷢, غһ, үƶѹȥԱߵļֲ´ӴӴؽк壬Цÿ
ϻԵͷ߶ȭŹͦ, Ȼô׷ү
, ѩ㵽ǰ, ԣ磿Ц¸ǣ»ϲ
ӮΣ

䵱Σ

˽Цһޣֱǰȥ
ʱ֪ɫӵͻȻͶΪɶ˶ϲɽˮˡããһƬѩ׷꣬أֱضǷգһأ¹秵ؽ𼸾ʣģ֣һлòϵ칷ĻЦĻ磺
¹ҧĽֵëô£ҵָ֮ǰûʱ棬ʾӶ£
ȥȥȥȥȥ¹ү˹ˣҸЩһᲢ۰¹һ⡣
ɺֻǿЦ
¹ɱˡжǰһַϹҵļҳǰߣҰӡǲͷжţԡݣ
һߺȣж¿Хǰȥ
G
ۣжﾹȻ͵ܣ
üһ
жһ٣ʼδ𾪡ԭѭ浸ص鶫Եˣʤһ˲ȫݣž죬˽Խж֮ǴСŻжһһ䣬¼ˡ
ͶɵƵظǺͷҲͷе޴ǵǶܿЩҪ
غغѽ

Ǻ֮Уϻе
Цõҡҡͷ򶫷ɣô֣Ϊôƣѩִÿ죬ǷԲص޶ŵŵضء
ΪΪţɹЦһȻһȺûôŵļһǣ˻᲻˹أضħһЩжޣϻۣǷȱ
Ȼǡ
ɵ
̿Ӿ;ɰһʱѪɾֱȥֱۣһʾ⣬ȻŵһӣȻ˴Ծٱ뻳С
⧲ŵ߬Ŷ죬ɫš
û£ÿȵˡɴս˵һЦ
㾻Ǻ֡üȴԽؿŶɣ˫ɵĲӡү˵Ҫ񽫳檱ڻˣˣӮҲҪˣ
ư˵ġɽԼùŪ飺ǾͰѱյսڰðռͷΣ
ӡүˣ÷ʲô
˵ʲôʲô
ӦţĿȡ
һʱ̲ס˶ɣǱ㷣үҹܽڣЩ
Ҫ췣ĶһҲûҿֻһĿǰͼװû壬ûһӾͳ˶ɵģҶ͸ˡ
үôˣҪγѪˡ
ġ
ģ
ϷʣɵСԼ²
ݸүһԾŶ˵Ŷ
ѩ˴죬ճʱֵʱϢһӳ˸ɼΪ˱ͷǶôġȥСԺʱ϶ջ۵Īqһͷӣһüģҡϵʤ죻ϻ¹Ķӣ칷Ƚջ񲻶࣬ǸΪصժѩнҰˡرߣʮ㡣
Ѿͷôʱ֪ĹôãΪسԵĶɽҰ⣬ȴΪ㣬ƽ˼š
qڳޣŵߡ
ӴﻰЦúܡ˿ûǫ˼ҲжúãȻô㣿

һЦȴץ˰ѱ
ɱЦôŶү˵Ӯ˵˵һ죬ûԵսƷɢˡôǲǸáߵһ˫۾ֱڶɺ֮أ˵һ춼һ𣬱˴;Цôģǲе˵ȥ
ɿһֹӡ
ţ
ѾԼˡ

ľԴѵҪЩҲ˵˵ȥһ¿ɰ죬æס˶ɵ죬Բ˵ү˵ˣջصУÿ壬ʮ~
ۣ
壡
˵עһӾͱ塯ȥҲ˲ͨҲ˽Ц۱顣ϻǼqһ󻶺ҡqͷĿѣ
ӣ²ϻһݼ١
G
׼ˡ~
Զ볯ãô˸оʡ
ԹһٱζɽҰԡСԺ᷿Ĵϣֱ̾ǵͨ˼Һãô飬ңڣ޾
ױ⻰ЦˣȤͨ˼ңôңڣÿյĲΣÿΪıЩ¶ѻһ𣬺ʹжٲͬأ
⵹ҲǹڴֱͷСֹһǵһүɣһɻţ̫ƽֻ̫ƽ
ƤġЦ
ⶼһʱϷ԰ˡ֪ǸˣγֺЩӣض۵ҹüΣ겻ſϳϾǱɺ°ˡ¡öأжЪһЪЪһЪͻȻ̮ġ
һ룬ȴͻȻ˶ɵĻУ͵˲Ϯÿһ񾭡ɡЩ񣬲ؿˡ
ɲƤŶɿĶߣЦúǽƻմӦǱض˵
۾ʱɺ졣


208 Ʊ
ɶԴ, ϧ䱦
ϵĴС£ǹ뷿֮еǵСȤɴضԴˮ, ϸúܡżôһҪôʱ򡭡Ҳհ졣˵ܲסòϹ, ˵ڶɵﲻ԰, ŻһδεҪ, Ϊöþȫӵ
, ˯ˡ
ڶɶᴭţδƽϢŶɵ, ȰЩЪôţ㵱Ҫ²ôǡǲҳ桭
ôϳδɢĵС¹ײʹЩ顣ˣǡ˯
Цŵ, ôүǲ۵𣿡
ôɳ˼һᶨҡҡͷ
ô
Ǻ, ǵڶʱֻе, Ȼʱеʹүһ˵Լܣһٶ
㣡ѵҺôˣ˵Щʲô
ţǣԼ⡣ҪȻһǶЩqѧϰһǿķӰ, ôһ¾, ֫ʲôǸ֮࡭
㣡
ߵֱȥ, ˶ɵĻ
ɵ
д֣æƨƨߵȥִ价˫ۡ˯
ɡ
꣬˯ˡ

գԺʱ컹ǻɵġ֣о˯˺üʱˣô컹ûüͷӴ˯УæҴãȻѥϴ멾˴
ߵ䣬ɲ⵽Ųٻ⣬Լ֮лж̸ĬĬؽŴ򿪣һ󺮷ѩХֱ˶ɵš˻õһԺ˵ע⡣
ү밲
밲
ɡз۾ůжæǰ׼¯ͷһæɲ̧ͷһɫЩԺʵʲôʱˣ
ʱˡж˹𣬼·û룬ﲻ˵֡ſ׼ˣѩʿʱ硣ôഩ·ⶬȾġ
һΪأôڵ졭ЦؿֿԺˣ˵Ū˶
ǣ
Ը꣬ɱ˻عж˵Ѿͷ׼һϴĶɣȥ
á
ѩѩֲõĶޡŶվſڿֻΧԺеĻһ߸ɻһȡůôѩ죬ǻ˶ɲܿ࣬ǽžˮһᵽ᷿һڴȡůԺȣһѩһ˵Цգ
ϴ·Ҳ̧᷿ְ˽ŵذδüļֻӣһϴõĽС࣬Ƿḻ
ӴӴŶϵԵٷˡ̾ѩӷʣʱȴԼǰļվøһһ⡣
⣬ȰվŸʲôһͬŰɣȻǽ˳ô

㿴ңҿ㣬׵ߣЦظпذ屻ů͡
Ȼ˵ˡͷ񡯣Ȼû
ҷ׷£ΧǰΣģӹͦñŰ廹ֱ
жЩţЦˡ
ҳԶ緹ҪɱƵġһӣ˵ţЩԼĶҪǳԲ꣬Ǻÿġ
ǣ뻮һĻش
ɷ˸ۣϽ԰ɣҵĺòǡ
ͶɵĹϵȻܣƽʱҲԹ㶫һͬţͬʱڳҲֻзڵʱ򡣼Ϲ֮Ϊ²Խ̨ͬԷ״Ρʱ⼸˻ʶԷ̶Ϊֿ˾æŵݲˮͣ˾ȥӣ̲ͣж״̲סЦϷţģԵҺʧְˡ
ԣȵЦˡ
ˣҪнɻӻ֣ҡͷ̾ҺһЩСϰߣжѾͷϤģûע⵽ҲǷˣԼҲ޷ġأҪְǸǵİȫռȻ£Ǿһúõ̸죬һʱ䡭զںоУ
ܰϻƤЦӻⲻʲôô
бһۡ
q赱ϻһȭ
໣
񡣡

ϻqճôȤ仰ǵ˹Цò˵ڿζֵϻһֱſĹĽɫΪñ˸ˣqǰִ򣬶֪˽׻ϲŰ
㿴㿴ǵ๫ˣҲôˣզһûУֵ¹е㿴ȥˣһҲ֪Сĺø缸޶
զģĽǲϻһĵذͷqϡqҲûֱֻӺ࣬Ŀбӡ
ֵͬ
Ƚ֮ǰڸǰôӦôŶ
һ㿴𾴵ô
ҹأ𾴵ˣɶ˵ֻǡ
ʲô
qжˣعһѾסϻĶ䣬쳣ᡣ
ӴӴӴ۰q裡
һЦϻ۵˵ȻҲ𾴵˰ӡǱ֣칷Ƚֵˣһͬϻȥ׽ŪԭнĬġϯᡯôϻqĴֶƱɺֱֺǣqϻ֡ݸһЦʱپۡ
ȫܵЦʱǸᾢ̫ɱˡæжһãĸСǼߴߴЦǢ
ӣмذ
ᵹţǴֺͰԣżü侫ʵıߺȣЦǶЩľˡΪǼϻ¹Ƥɽôһ칷ȽֵʵҲܻãҵ׽Ūϻ¹Ǽıó֮ЦӣǶʮδġ
ȺСӡ
οһԿţĵõ˼ķɡձҪسˣϣʱԹһЩر˫ۣԼӾʱļƻҲ֪ʵô̫ڴƻճɵһˡ


209 
Ԫ, ¡
ǵһ峿ɵĸŻظչָСڶϵʱ, ˵á˶үǵʲôϢôˣȴ˵û, ֻЦ, ÿ, 
жɻؿߺ, ֹţʲôа
µ۵ǻ󣬸Ԫ, Σ֮ڸѪͲţع̽һӡνһһ˳λ, мϳ֪ʵҪ³ӵλʸԸǹˣоиҵةࣻ˳ϳǫ, Ԫϸй, ׼ʴǹһ²̫壬ڳڸ󣬽λϳӼӷڸѧʿְʱɲϳ, پȨλ, ʵʲٰɵ˸һ߶֮, ϳǵȨ
ƣһжྫ빬˳ظ·ϣһڶɶ߰Ȱȣϲڸⲿĸ߰ʱҵĸĻʲڸ󣬵ûʱһֱ㲻ְڸˣտʼϳӵȨܶԼˣڸֻһ˵ǲȨı֮
ˣ˵˰ٱˡûؽƿʵ룡
вҪǰ˵ȴһ۵ԭء
ɶ
֡
ýֲ£һҪһɿͣͣһȺˡðɺðɣ˵ߵѭǱ߿ɾͲ׼ٽ˰ԡ
٣Ҿ֪ɶԸ˵Ѿͷôôͣ£վס
лδ䣬ɱȾܣڵʹ˻ǵúһȺ׷ϲѾͷվԭֱ˼ɵʲôʱѧˣˣȴδƽ׽Ūô飬ôϡɡء
ö׷Ҹϵ̩ƹʱԼͬƣҶ˵˵ˡˡ
ۣ㲻׷ңҲͣˡ
Ҫӵû죬˭ԸԼ⡣ƹǰǼλү˱ϽС밲ûʱκ˱ŶѭС˳ؿŴү
ǣ
κˣ
кͶæӵЦ÷ǳΡ
ĸļһôͨƣɶһӸûˡ
˰ɻ֣ǵ󡭡
G
ǰʵ뿴ѭܽյĹѧϰΡɺָܿӣϹϾعǫѷ塣ôһתǵκҲΪԼղſۣæŶѭǰװѭôֻʽ밲
ѭ֣ʽ㡣
ôɰӚGЦеؿ밲ĶڻˡѭܹԡѭѧϰЩʲôأܸܲ߻ʽѽ
ѭСһػشţѭκ֮£ѭκĽж󣬳ǳؼΣڼΣԼκķĻ
ŶɹȣЦǽȥ˵ɡ
һ䣬ӵҪǽ̵ѭʶ֣徭񷨣˽аţص÷ӸĶ˿γݣеһʱ任κ֪ʶΣ÷Ƚ̶ѭκʶ˵öѭЩ˽κ֮£СԼ֪
ʵϡ
ѭܣʽ㿼㣬κϵ⡪һƬʲô
κ˵׼ˮģҲδֻжͬɳǰۼ⣬ֻǼһָ㿴ǵòվĵطǳţв˶һۣܸоɶٶġ
ССѭô⵱е˼أֻżϸؿ˿ȻԼĶͷ̽Եʶɣǳô
ԡݸѭԴ
˵Լ˵ĻΪ֪ӽ˶ѭЩݣ֪ʶĶѭ϶ᰴͲסԼ֪ʶġϣڵõɿ佱󣬶ѭȸԾ˵ѭ֪أ
֪ѽʡ
Сһı⽫ֱѧŷӽҡͷ˵֮أκڣòվѹ˱ұ֮أҲǴе֮һ~
ɺͶмɰЦˣл̫ͻĻ⣬ɽĻȴġ
ѭܣκأָΣ
׶ɵġ
˵κĿγлΪȻضɶĵǽգɶȻôֱӵʳ仰öѭպ󽫳Ϊκͼ˳פس޼߰ɣв̾ȻɶⲽµԶվʮǼµġ
ţѭԲ۾򶫷ɣǺ仰˼
ɸǰ˵ѭôԣضϣԼΪպκһүɣ
Ȼѭ
Ǳ㼫áЦˣϸĵ죬ĵ˵ţǳ֮ҪǴԹҪƴסĵطȻҪѭȥػֻκı֮أκϰѭյһүܰطҲסĻȻġ
λػص߶ţҲû˵öѭս֮£ֻƮƮ˵ųҪԼκķ飬һȥƵöжЩˡ⼸仰²ԼõС˼ô붼Ƿȱʲô˼ķˡ
Ψжѭ˼صͷ˶ɵĻ֮ᶨؿ
ϳ֮һֱû޹˻ر˵̩үƹȥˣһֱĲȥߺжæµ֮¡
Ѿͷһ֮ǰ˵ȥˮҲ֪ĸ߾ô컹ûεҡҡͷһ߶޵ⲽһʰŶҹĹδüúżͱī
ʰϼɢʫʱС˱߱õ߰˱ۣĴɢһأҵúܡGаãæҵؽ⼸һһϣصһȻŻԭ
Ҷ࿴һ۹еݣҲĳЩæµ㲻֪Ĺء
ֻƫƫһСֽǸƤСӹлм۵ۼǱϸѹűƽûôްͰ͡ҲȥСֽݣֽ̫Сݲ࣬ɷļڵʵ̫ۣļǣͿȫݡ
֮£ƾǲ


210 ҹ
ҹ
̩үùźҲûҪЪ˼, ˳ೣζУҪһĹʢݵ顣
ʢݱϲûзʲôı֮£˳ǻҸӵҲԶ˳Ͼʢ, ʢֻǸ, ʢʢݸ, , ڲķ粨
δ, ϣκ³֮⣬ֳ̫, ϣԼൣЩ
ô˵մڸȾ֣Ҳţģ
ζܶвǲص֮˴ʢݶҹд⽫õ鱨Ĳػ㱨, ϣܷġֻǳ˼üͷ壬һϾûչ
ζ˿, ֿ˿鱨, Ȱοүαضʢ֮˵ģ
ǲ֪жƻüһûһ߶ҿ˾ǣҲûõȥԴӳ̨󳹵û˶, Ǹֻ֪Ů˵ķҲġ
ζƶǶ, һʱ֮Ҳ֪Ȱ
ܲ˵ΪǸϲ, һͨѹ׽ðɣʵȨʢݾֹǧҸҪʲô˼Ҳܵһʱ֪ѽζҡҡͷۼү˼̫Щʵȥ벻ô
һһʵ֪˽µˣȻ±ߵСһ˵̩үĲҪ˴ͨô
лԼͷ˼û᳣ζ
ү
š
ʵһ仰֪
š
ʵô˼ʢݣΪβʥʢȥιأ
šţ
һλϵ𣬿ζʱЩࡣ⻰Ǹʲô˼ڶչ˲֪ɳζĸ֪ܲȰԼιһ£ôգԼεĳҲ˵ֻ
ζæϻ֪ΪүãΪáֻͬһкôеĻۣҲǲ˵ˣүҲôˣҲԼĸʹ󳼣ʱүԼͿǵúȵο˸Լι£Ϊûвء
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˯ź󣬶һΡһﶼΣֻãȻţߺ˺ܶϤˣӺԲϺšЩңһֱĿĵţһγ˺µĸо
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ʼ䣬˺
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ߡߣ
оȻ͵شξеѡ
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һˣûӦԼӦȰַſô⣿
еɻؿȷʵǿЦ˼͵ҹԼҶʱֵ鷿˵һЩҪҪ
ӦĻԺȴһֱŷŵΡ
ĸоʵǵؾꡭΪֻ˼̫ҶаʱǸ࡭ָо̫ˡһ󴥶ȴֻ˼˼ʲô⡣
λԼ̩үԣûʲô
ߣֱ߬ţʱˣٻЩڡ
˵ʲôҪôȴħƽＫһֲˣǼ˼⸱ģŪģ˺ðҲû˵Ľֳȥ
ϵǣûĶֽסˡ
㡭סˣĿڵôˣʲô˼
ξʱŻȻ񣬼һæԼ֣˵ǸѽͿаԼһ٣ôⶼֲˣƽ޹ʵһҵ֣ʲôӣ
ԲסҸղ˯ԺˣԲðԲסԲס
һ˵ʵƽ߸ϲǶһ滰̩үֽжߣϵǰһһԲסͦȤġ˽Ƿ˲ɣѵԾˣζؿǸûͣ˼æֹס
ˣү

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вòϣƽܱɵ٩˵Լ˵ˡ
Щɻ󣬼һֱԼʶŲ
ҹģﾡ˵ЩֵĻֵľٶôءմô룬񲻶ԾûʲôԸиˡôһ˲Ҫڶеվסʱͷ

æס
ôأү
ҡҪ˵Щʲôǻߣֲ֪οڡۼվҪߣżҴҵظҪס
ĶУ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôǣԼĻǣֵľͬľ˶γɣðΣвګګؿڣ˵
Ҳ֪ԼôˡɶЦ֣˵ȴ֪һֱ٩ңδͬǷţڷŵһ˲ҺһЩ¡
ʹĬĬ˵оĶҪᵽɤۡ
ҲŮϸ壬ԶЩ£ٶ۵úܡҺףҲףϵһ֮ϡ
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211 ļ
Ǳ׵˷Ӧ, ûж֮еϲǼΪƵغ˵үһʱͿˡǲЪϢͻȥ
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һ, ֱʵѵԸѾûи𣿡
˻һԭء
һأ˳뿪鷿ѡ˶еּ¶ʵγŶжԼ˵Ļ, γ뵱⣿첽Լסȥһ·ϣﲻϵڻŶиղ˵Ļ, һһ, Ҫķߡ
ţŶиղŵĻġ
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֪оնǸִ֪˼ֻԶǧϣ, ¶ֻһʱƫ, Ż˵ƷȻһȻ, ʧȥ֪Լ붫֮ŶĲһޱȵһǵϵĵװܣһȴߵĲ֮һɱ֣輧ΪܶںܶǰŪ輧Īʹڵ֪һȴԼδùҪʹࡣ
ͼʣߡһҲԡɫįЦڲŷ֣ˣµ檣Ҳǲġ
ҹˣȴͬѹ
ľһֱӺҹֵ죬鷿ɫȻľګػϴ·ľګߵϣľګһϵĳᡣ
ͿԼֽɫףǵ»ô˿ţôţԽԽԾѾ߰˰ˣææ˳ȻľͷһĶ뿪
֣
һ·ľͷ빬÷԰¹ԶԶţųɤӺСڹ·ϴһٻôŰզû㷴Ӧιιιι
군ˣû֪Ƶġ
ûˡ
ֻóԶ¹˸ɫŹԶһЩ
Զ㡣
ԶԶҿɾӰӶŶӡ
Զ㡣
аȡ
¹ĬĬӷԸ칬Զˣأ߾ɼ˺˾䡮У
ۡ¹о̾
ŻػعһãؿŶɡ
ôѽ֣ɸоԼһɤӶԼˡ㵽ڣһֱ겻ģզˣʲô˵ҪصԼﰡ
ҡſ죬Ҫ˵ڣְѻ˻ȥ

һ١
ͷһؿƽսȺĶеȥʱɱϵĶеȥɲ⣬뵽Ȼе㷴Ӧ
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Ƕȴҡҡͷ̾һ
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пҲ۾ؿԼ

ҹڣԼһֱҲϺȶ˾ҹʱĹ߶Ҳؾʱĵ빬ʱ涫ҲлյĵεΣԽǻ䣬Խǻؿ򶫷ɣлȻʡ
ˣɶ˼ΪԼһֱûأ
ЩͲʲôֻ߶߶غôһ仰ȻҼһˡ

ԭأе㲻֪롣
զ
ƽ˹̩ү˺үʱз֮٣޹Ϊǽգ̩ү÷԰һ·ֱ̩˵ᣬֱ͵ǰ壬øΪǷʲô˵飬Ҳһǰ塣
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ضΪҹ¹ڻԴ˿̲Ǹӣˣ
˼ˣҧҧɫ֪ڷġҹĻ֪˵ͻ㲻ң˵ϷԣҶ⡭ң˵ѵԸûиôסˣûлش㡣ΪҶرһ˲䣬ȷʵɵˣ֪ú˵ʲô
ҹڣһֱǾ仰ҹδߣϳҲʧġʧʱҲŷ֣ô䣬ʵ뵽Ķֻ㣬ֻ㡭ǰΪϲӢҴˣҸֻǶԼĵһǣңҰһΪҵ˼ⲻ֪ʵ˼һֱࡣ
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Բ֪Ҿն˺ܶ˺Ҳ֪ԭ¡˵ģԸ⣬ȢΪޡ˵ٶĻ֤ҵ⣬ϣȢΪ޵뷨ҵġ
߶߶վǰ˵Ի˵ˣʵҲ֪Լ˵ʲô˵ôã뵽ʲô˵ʲôҪЩû˵Ļһ㡣ǰվһ֮˻ûаֵĻӦߡ
ԸͷɬһЦ
ûϵҲûĸоԲǿðˡ
ҪŵվǷշתȻȥ
ڣֻǴԻȤµҹĪһһ㶵ģץŻĿԣҳ
Ƕм䣬


212 Ȧ
вǵĽȦӡⲻ, һǻԭһ㴫̩еĲŶߣ̩ү輧ǣүǣǹٽױȽϸߡƽﾭ¶Ķ֪¡
ⲻ˵ҹĪͱȥġ
ҪֶֻܹԼ², ɫظϻظ, мķĲ, ص۲šͶ߶һ, ȫҲܶ, һֱ֪֮飬ôһ, ȻһŶˮʯ
ߵ֪ʱҲը졣
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ƽ̩үûнˣ̩ү, ǲ̰¸ӣ涫ɰ¸͵̩ү˵¹˵
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ǸǷ϶Ҳϣܰû˵֪֮ʲôӦҲǿԼ˲þѽ
֮ҾǲϹ͡ԼҲ˵ˣڻûʲôӦһﲻ롪
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qʱȥˣһ¹ɱ֮ġ
һһ˵˵ȥҲûϻ̾ûи˳ǲˡ˼ȥǾ¹񽫴ɣ˵˵̩үҲ¼ҹôˣһԵ˶·ϣǴôǺãﲻޣŬҲԵסԼġ
ֵӦϻ顣
ȥ¹񡣡
GΪɶŶͲܻ𡣡
㲻˵㾭Ӱʱˣ
ҡ
ȥ
⼸ð˶ɵ鷿ǰ
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ҡǸ¹ΪѵЦЦһƣﻹиղǼ˵Ӱ
üһȻҲܵô졭
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˵Ҫ߶ɣϣԼȥѽֻǴĵ̩ͬүһ𣬿ʲô¹̲ס¿ˮˣҲǴʲô˵˵ɣð죬¹Լմˡ顯ơˣֻöԲ̩ļλˣ
ӣҪ౨
¹۾һȥһţ˵񣬺ȵӣҪ֮»ǹ̩үģ
ڶǰƼΪ׼˵ʮ㣬˵ȷӦûʲô⡣Ǻ֣ô¹ĵ̧ͷȥȴ鷿֮вֻӶɣڶߣҪС̩үС
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㲻㣬ôû˸˵̩үҲ⣡
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¹æֵͷһݡ˸ѣ˵ģɵĻϣ̩үҪôɭɭض˰ӷ𡭡
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213 д
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ôˣû˯ô
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ţûԹķԸеˡƽʱҲô
ÿһܵǰźģֻڵµˣйǮջн͵ġڶɿֻ˹Ǯı֣û˭˭֣֮ⶼǸõú͸飬ûбҪ̫Ķݡ
ֻжϰΪĪܻǣ
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»أǻ˽¶Щ˶ܽЩ֮ǰСжɫҲڸǰźû˵ɾˣǸ˶ӣٲ軵ļһ㿴ŵ㣬ҿɲϣֳŶҷҹǵİǡ
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Ϊֱ֪ķԲŻԵϷǰЦ
ôϰദģʽĵϲУʲôʱ򶼻Ȼ˸ߵͶõϷ䣬뿴ʲôʱŻ졣ֻ֪ԼϲУȴûһöϲԼ
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촽΢ţá
뿪˵ȴ˻֣лȥЪϢ
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215 
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߾ָ漱, ֮ضŲɣˮ߼۳ۣݸӼò֮鳯͢, ϴӱ֮żȫ, 빬ϢҲڵ, 鱨ͨ, , 췴֮ӡ
ϢԼպһǣκֳǳ, κ󳼲κ㱨Ϊɻʹ飬ֻӱҴҸ
¹ٷ֮ݼү
κʹλү𽻽˵ϻҵ󣬰Űɵؽ͵빬ʱг̩, ࣺΪͳζ
֮λүɻϳΪæ͵ү֮, κĳ, һְپӶƷҲҲϳһѡ
Ƿ֮ŷԼǰվ֮ˣһʱ䣬߾֮Ʋĵӿͷ, ɵݺᡣడ
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Ҫ
ʲô
˴󾪡
˺γԣ, ˵ס
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Ϊǽ֮أκҲͱЩκǳصİգǣκ
ǡ֮̾شֻ¹Ϊĸ٣ʵڲļʧΪ˶žκݣ¹ǲɲ·Լǣλү߾Ҳ֮¡ϣ¹ٵĲ³һֱûлպ֪ŵ˶޹˳ǵ·ϡ
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֪ȷʵ֪Ǹ˽ҲðַհɣΪΪѵƲƲ죬벻ס
ζȴڱϳ˼ΣһȻʵı顣м״뵽ʲô
󵨼ƶϣǲԣҲϣүҪ֡
˵
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Ϊó֮Ҳ֮ݵλߣʲôأضҲͷȿΣôһ죬֡
λүǲ׵λүߡϣһǰ첻׵ضܳ͢𷣡ǣӰڹôܱ߷ֱ֮в֮ȨʹʵٺûġҲҴӦɣδӦ֪
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үԲӡ˷˵Ա߷Ϊɾܾǣǲ飬ռдʹɱһ£Ҳû֤ݣֻɼ󡭡׷а취ʹԼ⡣ζֻ
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ɵͷ
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ҲҲض뵽ҵ⣬Ҳδȴ˳嶯ȣʹűʲô취һҪ´ϵĶߣסһҪ˵޹泯͢ش˵ȴԩ޴꣡޴ģƫش󣬶ɻһжɣύ˲ٷֻ֮Ҫʹ㣬ջ˰ѻʵ۶ߵġ
ʱҪЩ
ʳڣյ߾֮鱨ʱκѾȥ߰졣
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˳ͻȻЦһʹµԶЩ档
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Ϊɣϻŵƽһ˵ĹϵԦȨ֮߶Ҫ̨ǸϽѱˣô¡Ļϵ汣סˣӿסˣհˣȫֶΪ
Զպī֮Ҫдµһ仰˳߶
޴ıҷ
ԶסˣرذԼɻ˳
ʲôдѽ˳üզ⼸ܲǲдɣ
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ʹְȨ֮㣬˽ͨУ췴
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G㰡˳ľɨˣһԶԴվ̲ס̾ΪʲôҪ޴أ޵ĵܵܺãܰ췭޵ı˵򣡸򣡹Ŷˣʥּڣǵø޸ĳһǰдġ
һǰԶһ⡣


216 б
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طԶ, ·տв, Ϊǵǵְż·̣ʴвδжͬһ˵, ѳѲ飬ȻûеĵһԶ˵ˣټһᣬ·ңԶǣҶǣ÷ġ
⵹æ¹
¹ƽ︺Ǹ涫, ǰ󣬴ǣӶࡣ칷ȽŶ˶Ա, жγ̶, Ȼϻq踺λáֻǡϻqڶһ𳤴ţеţǸжһϤɵƢãڵӴС, ֪, ǻ¹񡭡
¹ѲҶ˳˼
üͷ壬˼һҪ顣
ƽʱϲȵһʲôţ
ǻĽҰ, ж߹ﶼڣܲȥɣ¹ǵֱҧָѡԵķʽѡһҶɡ
ȥݸ裬ôʱŻ
¹·ˣ
սţ¹ܵԼӵӡٺ٣ûɶҲϰ죬Եˡò裬ò衣
ôʲôһЩҲ޷ɽӹĲյ˵жҶҲñģ˵ĲҶȲߣȰҲζҶһϡسţװӣҪòҶϴȥ
жô˵µӡ
С
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жˣ
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ӣ뿪죬Ҳղ¹Ǵģ¹ֲһ˵ȻûдϢԼ˵鱨еġţ˵κµļСֲԺЩСǶ·дţȻû£ؾް
·ǰصqϻ̩ش¿в֮ίҶȨ⣬СԶ޾ϸ׵̹ҲΣһзûй¼سǰ֮á
ǻ£Լʲô
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ƲƲ죬ֻһ
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Ӧѽڸж꣬ôͻȻ
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գһ˲ſ󺵵ļǳظ
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ʾ⣬¹񵱼һǮǮ֮зһСơ
ǹүų¹ͬݺݵؿ
ʱ䣬ˡ
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֮һԲȴǷߺѵ
༸˵٣ǱصİҪﵽʲôʱκķ֮ܵƷģϾĲųƵϸĸٰкɸֻ֣ǹгǳ࣬ҪԱĵطҲʤܲÿһ˶ѹġ
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ӣˡ
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Ŀ޺ʵֵ÷ˣüȣ
ڣ
ڱ֮ǰú͸ƿأ󣡡

¹ʰߵޣڶɷԸжûǸټ޺ĻᣬݳԶ˸á칷ȽֵߣʣµĶʮǰȫλرˡ
ʱĶȴ棬ȼ˸ղ龰Ҫܡ
ظĺ󱳣ɣôأǳǸٵְ񣬿һӵλã
û٣ҲҪáǱۣ˵㿴ǸģֻǮûˣƽﶼ֪ѹ˶֬࡭˿һǲΪǲϣͨѶΪһȥһط֮ٹ໤
ߵİտǿˡҲǳøп
ʱֵӦ︴յʱ򡣿һ·ԽؾԽе㴺еɫһ壬ֻͷһձһնյûݿήɹúӴɺԡԼǱˮͽʵĶֻҲҴ̫࣬·ϳЩʲô⣬Щʡ
֮أԽȱĶԽ
Ϊ˷ֹбĿܷ¹ǴĿףʱ̱׺ݵģϽֹ˸ǰʹ
ˮƾʲô˵İң
ˮѵͲҵ𣡳޴ӷ֪֪
ضġ컹ңң
㲻ҪҪִǰɣ
ڱأܶССĳ֡
ܱ߶Ǹɺ֮أԭһˮͲסô˺Ⱥá취֮ǰٸҲᶨһСͼˮֹպ˷ѣǶ붫ġûֵǳؾ˵анˮ·ϻģҲûд󽭴ӣԾԮЩ
õķӣ콵ء
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ѵͻЩ˴£үҪͷôֻҪһ꣬һͿԾȰˮ𡭡
ס֣ΪôŰԼӣ
һССô࣡
ɵ˼Ȼǵϡ
С⿴ֻųܵмֶһͷɫͷñŴɫۣ̿رװΣԶϺܶˣóܹĻ̡ɶĸȤһΪģ±ҪµĹӻ˾е͡
ϡ
ǰ¹ҲԣǰģͲһѹˡ
¹ɻ
զ
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217 
Ϊ˷˽, ҲΪܡ١һǸ켣¹ЯһװΪͨģΪݣ¹ֵܺԼɳһʹһЩ
¹, ô, ȥ谡ֵܲЩΪѡ
ɶ, һˮû, Сôų裿ͷҸһƬɾɳعˣ¹, ֵҿǸСˣҡ
Ŷ
Ҳġ
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-, 㳤ôÿҪαװ͵ĨͣʱҲûˮϴ, ô
-˵е
Ҫһ˵˶ɡ
סڳ⸽һС, ܵ˲Ǻܶ࣬ܵĴˣֻʣһЩлڴС¹Сֵһ·ʱɵú, ǰŵˡ
ݲ, Ψڶ΢ֵǮĶ, Ҳ֪ȥ䵱Ǳǿˣͻ˽֣·߶ǰڵϹӲдİգֻżмڵ״̬߹ӡ
¹⡭
Īš
¹űӴȺֺԼĶԱ˵òԲδ¶ֻüͷ壬мΪظͣˣŻæһӶ£װ·
սǿ٣
ˣİϲ
Ǹٿ˵ʲôʱô
հɣùա
ŶֲСӴɾԭΪ˼Ǹͷ׼ġ¹˼ֻǸͷ˶ҪǮСϿ϶ӶûУôõ²ƭ˵ģ¹ֳǸϲȥһ
˼ҶѾݵƤǣá¹еܲˣʶԼ۾ϣٿ
ɱ˲գۣǿ޹ձҿĻѹ
¹
ţ
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Щ˲
¹ǰͷǸȺ֮з··Цź·ߵ˴кʽֻܹ·һϢ˼꺮ůο˵ܿͻæģõġ¹һ⣬ǲס
Сӣѽ
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ҡ˵ģϲ¹ǿջЦǰλ˼ҵòʵ̫гˡԼķɢעֺѡ
ˣ˭ϲģ˵ʲôֵİ
СС¹ƿԣԼֵܣһشаģϲ
尡
ϲ˼ԼǰСֵܺܽŵģæΡΡȥ¹֡
¹æ˳ӵذԼֵݹȥ
ӰҪ̫ѹϲ죬ЦŸ¹˵ﰡߵߣ˺ãضǵȥҷˡǿڴ£Ҳ̫ѹˡ
ãá¹ٸнϲ֣һᡣ
عͷȥǸֻǶԭĵطʹ˵Цʲôǻȥɡ¹ֵ˵
߳ԼĪأ¹žԼĺһЩ
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¹һۣô㻹ȥﰡ
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Сֵܵͷ
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㵢ſǰͶԼõĵطȣȻǰ˻ӡֻȶɵ
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һʵǱ·ˣôģԼҪǲ˭û𣿡
νǿѹͷߣ±ˣûд˵֮£ô֪Ҫν˶ʮ٣о顭ͷڲޡ
Цˣ˵ϻ
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·İռ״ԵΧ˸øǰš
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빬ߵô
ɲǣǼ˵Ĵ磬ʱŶط󣬿˼Ҷֱռ˸ء
û⵽ӡ⵽ˣҲ̫׹ӡҪԡ
Ψ¹ǧεε˹ӡ򶫷ɵĻȻؽٵĹӡһߣ򶫷ɷ䡣
ط˷ֻϼũģ游͸׵ǶȥţеīҲܴӰ죬ҲϿֻһ㡭Ҳ飬ܵûûټ¼
ĪǸ˽ףڰ½Ϻ֮˶ټӱī±˷ͷɰѻϣԼǰ¹ʵȥΣ
Ǹĸ٣ϰնװԼˡ¹ɬһЦЩ棬ҶЩⲻסôһˣҲ¡
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ӣô㣿
㰴ԭƻɡɸֽ򿪣Ŀͣһʿʿϣһ㣬ʿʹɡ
ڱªԹԱβûйʽͽֻͣҴҷ˼ԼһȺãȻ֪ϰա
λԺλ˰λʿˣĸˡλԺɵЩʲôѺҪ֪ô¹񣬵ʱҪɤӡλ˿ɲմǮ֪ɣ
Ǹ͵ϡϡ裬ֻһǮȴð¹Ա
ԭĸأʵ
ŶǸ˰ɣ˭֪ء¹ЦˣǸͷǻ˾Ƕõ츣
Gλ֮ܺΰ
ˣյ㸮٣Ϊĸĸ٣
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֮һ󻶺ȸԾ֮ȴΪףλ¹ΣǸߺǧ꣬ϣΪ취һȿҪİǡӿ¹ܿҪſվסˣæԸΧסİգȻʿȥ
ʿôˣԼеûع
ֻ֪ԼֻǺƽһڴЪϢȻ˵үˡæŽӴȴһּ͹ӡԼθһְ˺Ա뱱ȫȨô߱ţֻҪܰ˺͡
ְôʶģ
Gλүʿס¹Ϊѵ˵񡭡ǡ¹ܼܲһ棿
¸ӿܶѾ칷ȽǵһطȥˣӰඡ
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218 ƽ
ÿһ, ιرˡС£ܱߴСԱֻ˽һˣɼȨԶĵطٳ档
̰ŷɥ, ڶ֮ǰװģԷܵǣֵطԱΪ, Ϊĸĸվǰ
, һ˵֮С, ƽ
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, ˮˡ
ţ
ǡ
Ѳ챱أЯ̫ĸˮֻ˴ӽСضڴ, ճʳˮɡÿοʾȻʧ, ΪңˮɲԺ, ǰղȻ
γɾԮǼʮ˵ĳԺȣȴȲǧաˮн֮£ΪеѰ
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㡣ɵȻӦţȴ귭ڡһ·֪սΣ
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£սִݣزüգǳҾ׽áС
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شҪϲ˵áЦˣʵ۸һʥּʵõⳡ̣һһˡG֪֪ⳡսͷк˼ͻȻһתһֵ⡣
Сɻؿ˼һ
Ŷ£䰲ǲñУΪ֧ԮҾڡ
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λ˵òƵƣ֮УྻٷǴµġ꿤صĻܾ֮öûгҲ֮ǰɹţı顣
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ƽ˹Ҫ˶ţ
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󵨣ܽ͢͵ͬȽϣ¹Ժǳ⡣
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֮УȨܻԺܶս
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ۣǸһؼ֮
Ĭаʱ֮á
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GǸͦȻļһһֱûʱҲѽǸˣȻҲ˽ݽ棿
¹ĵ棬ٵѿ͸
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ڡ
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¶ʹ¹æͷ£ɲʹ˿̵Ķɶӡ
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칷ֻЦ˵ȽŻͻڳ죬Ķûʲô
ѽһһ㣬ϣȽƤЦرQţ˵ŶԣԼҸ磡Ĵ֣ɶѽ
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У֪Сϱඣҫ
ﻹһͬ¹ѵ칷ֵȻɾ̫ˡ
Ǳأչ˺ӡ
ģȥɡ
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219 
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սѳɶ֣޴׽ã¶˾λշʦ̩ع, ;е֪ƽ, ͬ, һ֧СȷѺͲ־ƽ, Խƽȼü֮
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̫, оˡһͬϲüҡһ⣬ɾͲǳüչ
ԣɵͷأ˵ּһٰʮʯʳ뿤ظ֪գ⼸սῪףڿظǰôǰȡ
ǣػֶ̿ݣ¹ȥ죡
ȻĸظЧõģһ֧ԮʥּľԮߡ
صԸ׼ûʱƽյĻܴظЦˣȥ԰æ֣칷ȽųסˣȰӣˣλ⣬һ˵ʲô⣬¿мܲסҪȻȥ°ףա
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ôˣ
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Ͼ¹åӡ
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ıһ£Цŵͷ
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סһһһһҪ֡͵жϣһһһ
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һҪ͵жϣס
Уڱȥɡһ
¸ǣ
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ô̬ȣں߶
ᡣ
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գظǰ׵ϰձԽԽࡣ
ʽ˶У඼ɫ񣬶ɫڡǰѺʿǸŻسǸƽĹٱм٣ٱ֧ǱǶΣҲס
ұ𼷣עŶӣеģеģ
سɤһֱԱߴ󺰣ԼɤӺˡ
칷Ƚ̰ҲȺǰһߣһߣ챻űˡڿͽŽգȻǳȥҲóġ˵ͼʱἤ޵ǱܣЩգˣɲǱôȽһΪѵؿԼֳǣԶһˡ
ۡ
զˣ
칷˳ָķȥһʱҲԭء
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ôˣʳ˰ӵİô죿칷ǵ˵
⡪
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ȽһǰݵؽˤڵϵСӻסҪӴȥȫĵطٰѰתͷĿ϶ӱףһȺգһ˲䣬Ƚſͬ˺ˮޣоһ
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ǿͣ£ˣټˣ칷ˣҪȺߵȴһѽס̫ˣȥֻΣգס
ȽŻ˶Σ𣡡칷ƴҪ
УĲУеȰţǸϽʳ꣬Իɢȥ£۾ȫˣûǧҲа˾Ű٣ȫˡĪ嶯
ң칷ִҪȥˡֻߵİȷʵʱ׵С̯ҲƵΪ׷ӵϣҪظȥ칷ߺ־ᣬҧؽ嵶˵ʣλεĵֱ԰գţ˿˿
ᡣ
׵ĻףýµĻڽ£ΨпغٱؽһǲҪǰҪôżԮоȡ嵶칷һž
ڻζȺзܵܵӰʵڿ塣
ŬصͼԼ侲ȺɢȥͻҵȻȽŵģһġ
вϸԼ


220 ػ
֪֮³˱䶯ʱ, ظǰϡ
ʱֵһٰʮʯѱøɸɾǰһƬǽ壬в˵İպ͹ٱɢܣ۵ؽлš, ˵֮±һ˳, ֻǲ֪ܳһЩ, Լһڷ, ǵȺɧ, ̤ɰţƼ칷ڵ·м, һͬŵˡ
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ˡ
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ȽһϢΨдһ˿ǵ, ûк
Ѿȥˣش˿Ҳɫͨ졣
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Ǹң칷仰ʱ˲ˣһʱᡣϸʱȽĶȷʵˣ壬Ҳߡ絶ӻһۣ촽΢³֣
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ڳԣ˵үƵģûа취
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ǰô£ֽǮʲô
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ͷһ˼͵̧ͷ칷ͶɣǶʲô
칷ɫȻ

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Ƚš
мǧ䲻ܣȴڲһƳʱƼ칷Ƚŵ嵶¹סˣֱͶɶԻʱһ䡮µĲ˽٣ʵڲҡػϲ顯統ͷһ
-ѽһһ㣬ϣŶԣԼҸ磡Ĵ֣ɶѽ
-ֻǾãһ֮Լķ£޹ͨСӾУٺ٣ûô־׷ֻҪϱӹúþУĶ֮

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¹һԼҪЩǲԽػҲ֪Լ״̬ô궫һȫϸڵģֻ֪ĽǼҲƾû˵һ;ˣĿûбע˵˾һᡣ
ƽ֮˰򶫷ɱϻؼ֧ԮҲźԮı·ϳκβ׼ˣޱشƽ˺󣬱Ը¹׼һ»ع㰲ǵĳ
ӡ
¹ֹ֪Լ˵ڡ
ȥɡɱᡣ˴һϺõĹľس֮ʱضҲҪؼҵġ
¹ӼݴǺþƣлػ
˵ʮƾϵξƲմˣҲҪ·һǵ˺һڣٱƵľƼһŵ˵Ƶˣ̲סթʬػء
¹ʱֻЦȤ˵ȻǺþƣͷһЩ
ֽ¹ƷȽŵǰ޵ᣬֱ߿ޱָǰľƴ󺰣ƭӣƭӣ¹үϹʲôػ̵ģ㵹Ǹ¹үذذƲסеıʹȽǰʹޡ
ֻ뿪գ˵Ժһһһٻһӵİ޻ڹ㰲ǵ㣬һһصôģôô̵İ
˵Ҫ˺޺úùСӣСңһĽļһô

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ǿΪĸȫƷڰһСӡ
ɡ
оɵæ鿴谵ɫУ嶫ɵֻ΢΢طŹ⣬ԡ˿̣֪ΰοɣֻ߽ͼܹԼ
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㱼үܼʱԼһֱڸв̽ӣТ뿪ǣûܺ˵һ仰ʱĶɣضҲܣĵ˵ڰɡ
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Ȱ
ûлش
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221 
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в, , Ҳˡ
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ϧԼĸϣ˻Ȫ·û˼ǵãëƽص㰲ǵһ·ûͣ칷·ߺȽŵƽһǽĻǹ磬ðǼסôһˡ
ھˣⳡĲп֮С
ظ󣬶ɼ飬Ƚżӷλ칷ΪһƷйƣ̩Լ빬бߣͨ˺ܸܶǼĶʹһǮأԶԶ㹻칷мɵ֪֮ҲмȽſҪǣõʹ͵ʱȴѹˡ
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Ƚӣǳ׶ʱδŮȻһҸ˼ңҲǿԵġȽҲϣһ¶ɡǸ¥߳ľǿֻ˵Լļޣټ޵ڶӡ
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жĴڣһǽ˾ʮ֮ڡáֻһŭڣô˶лм޵֮µϤףǸ˵Ļôֵʧȥϴء
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Żعæسɿͷ
үֻǰȻţĵؿԼϵΣǵ޶ԡʱ䳤ˣǺˣɲĵ˵ôպ˵ʱԼʲôǸ۸ģǴ۸͵Ҳмعͷ˵Ļǵж
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