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ÿ£ϲȥ


ߣδ
İ
ӰʦVSϰ
̤ǺֻΪټһ档
-
SεĶ֪һҺرžưɣÿֲѡҪһǣϰ峤رƯü۹꣬ҡҷˡ
ÿΪԶֻΪһ档
˼侲ţ촽Ұʮ㡣ϻһѺ޵ÿ͸ﲻ׷Ҳ١Ҳû˭׽˿ǶΪʳ˼̻
ֱ졪
ʧأ۶һŮ˵뿪ˣɲԡ
-
Էμʩ꣬ѧУѾҵѧѧѧУݽʱԷμӼǡײȫŲ۵ʩ
ѧȫһ
һϯȹ촽ü۵Ц
˵ʲôԷȫˡĶǵҪôſõŮѧϵʽ
¸Ҹѧס
ܾɾ˹һϵʽרѧϰ롣
ֱط꣬ѧüۺЦ˵Էǰɣþò
-
ط󣬵Ǹੲݰʩ˵СóĬԡֻҪʩ͵üһֱ㡣
ԷһֱţϲԼ˵
ҪԶԶģû뵽ǰԵѧ㣬ƫ˵ʱʱĺܽԷǹģҲû֤ݡ
ԷͼڸԼٴĶ׼ӵʱȴѧǽʣôԷ겻
飬ȫˣ
ţ
ҪҰô
Է
ط/˫

ӰʦVSϰ
ݱǩ   
ؼʣǣʩԷ  ǣ˵  ޣӰ
һ仰飺̤ǺֻΪټһ档
⣺õˣӦٴطꡣ


1 
ԷˣεıҵУ͸һȥ¡ڸsУ˵ǱиĺܲžͿԿ
Է͸һ¡ỹûһйء
ұʾͬ˵ġ
ʢľҪٵ£ıҵԷʱǰΧǶ֪ԷռܺãǼƻһУæʲôġ
ֻԷˣѧ꣬ǵС
ûк˽йԴʱʲôɾܾ
ĳƱʳʲôģаˣ
·Ҫ˧ĻҲȸ㿴
ǵģ

Է
ȿ˧ǵҲɲء
̫Ȥ
ѽһȥ
Ƕ۲Ͱ˰ٴˣÿ˶æԼ顣
ԷĪϵ޵Ӣ˸ϲӰ
Ӵ꿪ʼ,ϸԼƬĿǰΪֹҲвٵķ˿һСɡÿѧУҪǾٰʲôӰǰһҲúƯ
ϸ磬΢΢Ȼһĸӣȴϸֳ
˿ºͺ͵ģüȴ˲ƶ͡
˵Ŵȴ
ƽʱЦԣϲǷǡҲ˵¡ʱ򣬲ͼڿ顣
۵ûκʡ
Ƕϲ
ֻˣһֱæԼ顣̫׽æĻһ׵Ǹ
Էѣϵѧԡ
УһûҵѾ˾ǩЭ顣˵ıҵǱҵģ⼸λ㣬еúܡ
ҹϼƣһҵС
صڸڵsС
sٺ
Ǵȥһˡ
Է⼸ٺһ˳УȥգĴ󺣣ȥ̻Ϣ
ջ
һУҲûա
˵Ҳʵ
ٽҵ־۲ͣᣬû㶯Ҳ˵˹ϵãֻÿ˶æԼ顣
ûա
»аҵʱҪУˣУ԰洦ɼҵıҵաҵҪ˸ƺʱӿֳˡ
òԷ㼸Ժ󵫷еʲô飬Ƕ㶵šòãв
գƽûСҳ
ԷСģȴȣҵǿġƽҶȥ
ҳǱˣ޵￪˾ģѧУĵһ죬ԼѧУʱųɴҼ˶Ϊλͬѧ϶úܡǡ
û뵽λȫġ
ǰźܾ˽¾ģű߼ʡ
ҲƽʱԷΪչ˵ġ
ҹͼһˮҪ˯ˡҲڿóԵģһʱ
ܾһ
ңԷûа취ܾľˡ
Է̾˿

ͬˣ
ͬˣ
ҳһȦԷĲӣһǣԷãɰˣ
Է
޿
˵ٴˣҪҪҲҪôܣ
ôһʱ򣬻
ҳһ޹ҲģüãһʱƲסԼ
Է
ˣˡ
ҪȥŮ˽ԭ
ͳͳڡ
ѧ꣬׷Է٣ûĸܸӴŮҲ׽
ÿ̸ᣬ˵ĸԺϵ˧ʱϡֻ˼˵üԷǣʵϲѾˡ
ǸˣһֱҪǡ
ɶҪȥˡ
ߵǸˣ
ϲӰҲΪǸ˵һ仰
ʱգӲϸϸȥ

-
е죬
ĪȥsУСʱ·Ƕ˷ܣԷȥܶطΨûȥsС
ʲôԭҲûа취˵ס
и˸߹Ժں߿һޣҲпǾưɡпܵĵطsС
Ϊsж˵Ųһ塣
ʱ̫ھ޵ˣ⼸Էһֱڻǵ˵ÿһ仰Ҳؼǵã˵ʱŵĹ⡣
ôЩȥˣҲ֪ʵûС
ΪޱȷԼĿͷ
ֻҲûǸʮ¸ҵվĸǰ鶼

Է⡣
ʱ³ôȥǶǼޡ
˵ǼԱ߰һưءΧرãǼ޵ϰ壬ǸƯСء

԰ܶѡǼ޶ΪǸϰء
˵仰ʱԷ͵ػͷ
ʣǸ˵ʲô
޵һλѣѧĶ
ĿǰеУһϮˣԸģѧ껻˲ѡоḻģҲѵġ
Ȼ̸ܶѣĽ
ֻǷֲʵģ֡˵Уһ
νʣ۵ȡ
ֻҪһͷ߲ϲֱ˵ݰݡ
ӲˮҲܾ塣
˶˵Ǻ
˵ѵٶȣȻ·졣
ֻ˽˲֪ڿʼÿһθ飬Լĸֻ˲磬ʱֹˡ
Щ׷ʱģ͵ֺ̬Ȼͬ
ȻǾͳֿ
ԭ
ƽᣬҲȰԷҪ֪ʲôɫʱƭˡ
Էÿһ˵⣬͸Ͻҽߡ
λ˵ˣһ޶˯ġ
ҲԷˣϲİԣҲϲǷǡʱһ˵Щʲôʱ򣬶ǿ롣
Ȼѯʡ
Щȣǻش⡣
˵Ȼ³ȥء
ǡ

Ǿ䡣
Աһưɣ
Ҳǡ
ţ
ҲǸϰ壿ҳǵһ仰˵ƽɫԷһ˿⣬ͷСƬô
˵ǼϰƬ
ǲȻ
ҿ
ˣˡ
ԷЩҡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ЩʲôЩ
Ҳˡ
Էû°ɣ
Էתͷ۾Ƴ⡣
û¡

Էʿˮ
ôɰɣ
Sô󣬿ߵôࡣ
ôܻպþء
϶ǵġ
һ·ԷڰԼ϶ûôɺϵ顣
ȴῪʼȥطʱĻ档
ϳԼ
ֻǣǵԼô
϶˰ɡ
ԼһСðˡ
ôܻǵء
οȥˣڼһϵûС޹ؽҪӦ˰ɡ
Էһᡣ
ܶǰίȻ
ôؾܾԼءϲҪȴΪǣΪ˲ȥűˣòеϵʽɾ
ǶʹӣֻԼ
ʱ˿̣ҲֻԼˣûϵûмֻҪٴʱɻû취Ƶĺ󾢡

-
һ·Է˺ܶ࣬ǰѷĵﶼ˻ҵļ䶼һ顣
ʧա
гֹͣʹ㲥ŸλÿsվѾִλÿʹԼƷ³
Է̧ۣ۵Īʪ
޵æһ䣬Է죬ҽӸ绰ӦǱߴġ֮ǰϵǱ˵ء
Էס
ٵĵ绰Էʵ
ʿˮ˵绰
ԷһڣԼѾæ
۶Է˵Щʲôֻˡʩ֡
ʩ
ʩ
ʩ
ҹˡ
һӵĻҪ˵ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̣Էܶػһ䣺ʲôʩҲʶ


2 
ÿңǺæһʱ䡣
ʩȻϰ壬ҲԱ޽Ӵһ飬пյĻҲḺ
֮ǰļһ޶Ԥˡ
й˿Ͷ䷿ݣĸŮӵıҵС޾峵վľеԶΪסʣаרŽÿ͵Ĵͳ
ΪһжŮӣʩرעǵվʱ䡣쵽վ֮ǰѾǰ˾ˡҪڵľλá
绰ͨ󣬺һԷ˵ãǡϪޡϰʩھĸλãǵר˾Ѿ·Ŷ
һᡣ
ԷһкصĻʲôʩʶ
ʩһϢ
޿ˣǵһֱ
һ˶ֱӺϰ壬ʩϰ塣û֡
׼һֿ˵ʱԷҵ˵绰
ཱུæƺʲô
ʩٴβͨʱһŮӵĵ绰˺ܲ˼Բ𰡣ϰ塣ղûڸճվĸλõרء
ʩЦ˵ûϵ
ʲŽӵ绰ŮӵƢͦĳСġ
һԲϾ
ڳվųڵȾͿԵģд޵ĳ˾һֻβţ˾ֱǹġ
áллϰ壡
ѹ˵绰һԷ
ղôʧˣסˡ
߰ɡ
Էͷ˵˾䱧Ǹ
Ҹղš
ûѽ¶ⲻǽˡ
š
Էͬѧ
ʩ
λѽ
޵һЦ˵
ҳ̽ԴһҲһԡҪ֪ѧԷİԣǼ˿һ֪
˵ȫûС
¾ȻһⲻµˣǷ׷䡣ϣ֪ԡ
Է֪λػֱӵҿԾܾشô
ҳЦ⣬԰
°˳ɸйء
Ҳ¶ߡ
-
ڳվĶûһᣬ޵ĳ͵ˡ
Ӧ׼³ʱ߸ϵģѹôҺޣҵá
ĺΪ˿Ϳˡ
ϳ˾ǷźڳϢᣬһСʱһᵽޡ
޿վС
طеġ
ֱӴģѵʱ䶼١ЩÿͨΪסޣϪޡȰѽ͵ġ
˾̸ܽһֱ˵޵ϰжá
ǸԱĴǶס޵ĿˣǷǳѺõġΣסǼҵޣһǳȷѡ񡣶ңϰ廹÷ǳƯ
ܶÿͶΪǼϰġ
ԣ޵ϰǸŮ
ǵѽء
ʩô
Ŷ
ĿԷƳ
Է
ԤУвô˳
ڿƱĪô
һǣܾⲻ̫ʵ
Ƿ
ۡ
ܸоԼһֱ״̬
ѾãûǸˡ
ʦĳӿúȣȵĺȥļԷδйڴ˿̣Էû취Լƽ
ͼԼۣú˯һ
ҲͼοԼ˵ֻͬͬգͬҪ޵ˡһġ
ôܻء
ôܻٴء
˺ģһҪǸ˰
ôټء
˼ڳƽȵǰУص˺ܶǰ
Էʮʱ
ʮԷֵഺڡʱǸеУҲееŮĻ棬ϲûһޡ
һжͦû˼ġ
顣
һ߶ǻӹȥģ͸һײһһΪӦĸһˡĸҲûһҪú飬иܵܣƫ
ŬҲᱻϿɡ
á
ԷصкʶģƴŬͨѧصкĻϲظ˷ϢʱȴΪȻ
һǳ顣
ӦþģΪǵڴ
ɶڵܵ˵ǶҪֻǼ򵥵ϣĿ֣ĳɳ
ԿصкԷʼú棬ϲĸܻȴֲ֪ӦǺõӡŻõһЩע
ܸĸʱ˵̶ܴȫ̽ܡ
ǲԸ͸ĸúദǲԸĸܶ˵㱾Ӧӵġ
Էܳһʱ䶼Ѽ˶ΪӦôġ
ֺ֡
ʱҪܶʱҪϿɡ
Ҳ֪츳
пܿĳɼȫþȫ
ŬӦþͱһ䣬㱾ӦӶԹȥ
ͼ˵ദʼ϶
״̬һֱꡣ
ڸֱ꣬ڶûа취ǵǸˡ
ʱԷĸĪʮУѧУıѧرߣܱѧУ¼ȡѧڵǰһǧҵѧԷпǰʱǱǰ¼ȡĪʮС
ĪʮҲ˺ܶУѣеĿ山
山985211УҲһץһѣĪǵ˵ֻҪ˳ǱʮУǶס
Ǳҵ󣬳ĳûĻ϶˴ѧѧ꣬жĶУеľͽ˹ҲеĿ࿼һԼ˾괴ҵ֮ѧӱ鲼иҵ
ĪʮиͳÿϸѧῪһθѧѧУѾĪʮбҵҵصĸУݽ
ÿҵһ
һ궼Ѿҵü꣬ҵгɵġмǿ山Уѧѧ㡣֮Ƿǳ˲š
ЩڵʱԷӵ̫ˡ
ϲ
ΪʱΪһˡ
ֻججӹꡣ
ûʲôҪ顣
Ҳʲôġ
ǳѧݽ֮ǰƶؼţһ俪ڳˮＴܵĻˡ
Ҳ㲻ϰɡ
ǿһĲֵӲݡ
Ӳǰ̣δ
ҲŬǰˡ
Ϊûκ塣
ѧУ֪ͨȫѧÿ˶ҪȥμӸѧʱǷǳԸġһȺųļ
˶ĵطҲͱ˽Ӵֱʦҳ
š
Ҳû취ݵʱһô̬Ǻɥ
ûʲôֵĵģҲûʲôֵȥӦԵġ
ĳɼҲʼǰ٣˵١
õĿư࣬βûԸܵİ༶
ʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ĥƽжڴ
ֻʣ°ѵµӹ꣬ڽԺʲô֪Ҳȥ롣
ѧУԸѧ൱ӵģǻһѧļҳμӣҲѡѧͼҳ̨ݽ
֮˷ԡ
һڻҡ
ʱԷκ鶼֮Աǵġ
Ҫӵǳѧ
ɺҲ֪ôˣʹȥμǳ񡣾Ȼȫӯ



3 
һ·úƽȣԷڸ˯˹ȥ
һܻްΣһƬɫɵģվںߣź˷ƽ߷΢⡣
ȴôͷ
վںߣմԶƾĴڽűߣ㡣ߺվˣֺûˡ壬оеѹ֣ʲôѹסˣû취
ͻȻ˺ܴĺ硣
⣬Ҫǳˡ
Ҫתʱ˳ӿ˹ûüκźţ޷
ץκζ
һƬ硣

ԷԷôˣ𣿡
Էں֣û취Ӧرءоϱʲôѹסˡ
ڴʱһ
Է͵ۣ󱳳һϸ
ʧǵλϣڵ˼
̫ˡ
ղǸΡ
ҳסļ¶ɫԷ㻹ôǲʲôجˡ
Է˵
ƿѹϵİ
͵ԣЩѹʲѹû취
ûӦѵݸһƿˮ˵Ӧ۵ˣȺȵˮ˾˵Ͼ͵ˡ
š
ҳıϣı˵ûµģһǾ͵ˡ
Էͷ
ٺۣ򳵴⡣
߶һ·֦Ҷï
Զ֣ߵĽֵԾݡ
ǳڵķΧڳأ˾ʼһ⡣
˵λŮǼҵް·ȻеԶ羰ɲһ;·ŶǵѵأǼԱء
İҳ۷Ź⡣
˾ЦȻ
ӹ˼䡣
ȥɼɫɽּɫ
һֺر΢ĸо;öޡ⼸꣬ǱȽϻġ
ǵʱǸ˸ҴӺСʱ򣬾һֱţԺҪܺܶǮȻں߿ޡȻ⣬һСƹݡ
磬ޣƹݡļƬͻܿĵġ
Ҫľǿඡ
ЩԷļ˺ܶꡣ
Ժ⼸꣬һֱͼԼġ
ֻҪǸ˵ĻɣһǶԵġʮ꣬Ѿʶġ
-
Ϫޡ
ʩڸ׼Īǵɫ˻еصɫʡ
Դ߿޺ʩҲкüûлĪˡȻòԶʩҲʲôȥɡ
˲ǺͬһѧҵʲôޣؿΪˣҲǴһ
ûиЭ
ֻһ˶sС
ڣ޿ڱԽԽá
ǰͰСƹҲˣ޼СƹݣΧѾڵسСδ򿨵ˡ
ʩҲӦ˺ʩϰʩˣ˺⣬ҲͶ˼Һ˾
ĸĸ϶޷ģȻĪǡ
ʩšһôҪԼҪáȻ̣ҲԹٿЩȥˡ
Ѿˡ
żʱʱҲˢŮĺޣֻǲǸĸǶŮҪӵˡ
ֱڣ˭ϵͷ
ʩҲæ֮УǹȥЩ̫顣
ϾʵǷǾͿ˵סȻѡ룬Ǹ˳ӣͲƫʵ
ӪޣȶڵҲСöصÿͣǰԤߵޡ
Ѿ֪ˡ
ֻżæ󣬻Щ¼źį
˸˵ﻰˡ
ȫſģ˵ʲôԵˡ
ʩ󣬿һʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ˡ
ߵĲҲ⿪ţ⻹ԡĲƷԺ̵ĺƷΪҲᱸһЩĪǵɫˡ
ʩСĪǳһѬɡ
ŲˣʩϲԵġֻҪĪǹÿͣʩһɫˡ
ʩʩĪǱĿӴĴʩкǶʩʩʩ˵Сʩˣǵ˿͵尢̡渺𣬾͸ʩһһһΪޡ
ҲǼõġ
ǰʩЦŻأҲԿĪǵɫ
ǵصصsбˣԲҲԲ̫ؿڵģĪǵɫûĸǲġÿʩԵĽֵʱưһԡ
忴ӶĲ˾ֱҡͷԲˡ
ˣǵõͷءʩʩɲôء
˺һЦ
sĬȤÿ͡
ʩΪʲôϲԭ
ܿģܿ֡ȫȫԼҪ顣˼
̸Ц䣬޽Ӵ˵ĳѾſڽ
ʩҪȥǰ̨ס
һжһ
˾ȥӴˣ첻̫æҹֵĿʼ
-
޵ĳͣ˾ʦ˵Ǽҵ޵Ůǿ³ˣ
Էһֱ³ǻл㱡
³ͿԿɫߣǶܼ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ľסںߣžͿԿ
ϵȹ𣡡

Ȳˡ
Է⼸ÿһʱͻſ˺ܶںƬܶʵ˿ΪƬӵġ
óĲľ羰
һ˵¡
ʼԡʶľʶġ仰Ϊ仰ҲǸ˸ġ
ĳɳ켣ǰڴ
ֻǵ̫ںڰ׷ء
뵽⣬ԷԼһֱͷ
³һ̿ʼ߽ްס
̧ͷһУⶼȥȴ޾ڴ
ֻǵǼ˵ǰ̨סʱʩպ߿ˡ
һԲԲǰ̨Ӱǰģ˳˵һ䣬Էֺú
Էͷźۼʧ䡣
˼룬ǲ֪ԼˣԲŶŲģ
ȷʵǸɺϣ
ԷΪǰߡ
ȻǺ͵һĺݡ
Էű֣˽
-
ʩ绰صǰ̨ʱǰ̨˵ղǼĪŮӣѾסˡͰ֮ǰ˵ģߵλá
õġˡ
ŮʩԼӴģʱһ绰ԤԼϲֵġ
ʩȷǰסһ˳
ʱǰ̨˾䣬ϰ壬סиŮӣƯƤװ׵ģҲܺ
ţ
ʩؿ
ôͻȻ˵
ңǺϰһѧġ
ô
ʩ£ⲻˡ
ֻ׼Ƴһۣ绰ˡ
Σʩֻȥӵ绰ˡ
ٻʱҪȥסϢˡ
̫æˡ
ͷת
-
Էҳסһ䷿һʬˡ
·йƤ򣬽֡һӾӣһӺ޾
Էû°ɣ
Էҡҡͷû¡еˡ
ҳʣϵľƹݣϺ㶼ȥɫ
ԷԴȥɡϢһ£ա
¶û
ҳ˵Щʲôֿںڡ
ʵǼ˵ҪУղǻӡֻ˵ҪҵˣԺѼ棬ôðεıҵС
û뵽ҵлûʼĳ˾Ѿ̱ˡ
-
ǰ̨Ӵ绰ѵġ
˵ϰصظǼ׼ĪǵɫˡΪϰҲĪˡ
ҳ˵绰ҪԷȥԷ
˯ˣ˵˵ɡ
оƹݣֿҹֵġ
ҳߺԷһ˯úܳ
ֱһ绰ѡ



4 
ÿ䶼һõ绰˺ǰ̨ϵǰ̨Ҳµ緿ͣѯ˷ԼǷҪԤ͵ˡ
绰ʱԷ˯㡣
Ժ绰ڶߣԷʵáǰ̨ȷһ£ǷҪһ͡
Է˯ѵʱģ˵ͻúܽεεġ
š
һż
Ϊײʩļ⡣
ǲҪ˼Ҫ˼
ʩû취ȷֻ˵ǡΪһݣ
Էŵ绰ԴһߣߺšʩǲҪ˼

š
㣬ҳԲµġ
˯һᣬòá
⼸ö
ƫͨ绰ﴫߣʩ֪Ӧԡ
ʱ·
ص˺ܶǰҲиôŮӡ
ÿʱ򣬾ͻ绰Ȼڵ绰ͷߺһ󣬲Ż𴲡
Ժʱһֱ㡣
ûµʱ˵Һ㡣ʲôʱȥסĵط
˵㣬ĺ㰡
ÿ춼ġ

ʩ˻Դ
عֻٻػʱ򣬻һ
ٺ㣬ԡòá
ǰǸСҲ͡
дηż˵ʲôҲϻؼңҪȥĵطʩĥӦһ
˯ʩ˯ɳ
ڶʩŪͣԡڴϣߺġô
ʩԭһûĵˣΨһ취ûСıϣԣò
òáֳڶߵʱԷһϢ
˲ˣ˿̸ͨ绰ĲǱˡǸһֱû취ǵˡ
Էʿˮ
Щ̫ҿˣԷӦû֪˭
ҪȻôܻ˵
Է˻ҪǿԵĻ
ԷЦЦȻˡ
ֱȥͿˡҪھŵǰʱ㣬Ҳû¡óš
Էѹأá
绰ҶϣԷԼ١
ж꣬ûйĶ˰
һ绰ܼûϢ
ȥٸҹĶޱƽΪˡ
ڴ˿̣Ϊ˶ԷѾ಻סˡ

һġ
-
Էһٶ𴲡
뿪Īǵʱ򣬾ֻǼĨ˵ɹں춼ûĨžɫ԰׵ԼԷǰա
ôԾôسţ
ĵȹأ
Ŀںأ
ͨͨҪó

˵ȹǷһ飬γУѹûдʲôȹ
϶Ƿɹ¼ӶTͿӡ
żȻյģûбҪЩڵ·ˡڵ֪еĵطSпʼĲˡ
ʵһЩ߰ġ
ûЩ
һֱڸ˵ȹ߳бرĺôû
ڣˡ
ǳ
ȥ뷨ûˡ
Щ·ǳеģ˵ǴżõҲΪȻʱҳô˵ʱԷʱÿˡһ㶼š
ʼźͺˣҲеˡ
ֻң˲СΨǸˣֻҪһ뵽ͻĲ֪롣
-
ǳԹͺ󣬴תȥԱߵСƹݡ
ߵķ紵ȣڴ˿ɢѹô˻ʱȥߡ
ҹر
Īǲ˷ǳص˳Եúܾˡ
޵ѽ䣬ճԹͣѾȲڶƵϸǺ
Ŀǰûһޣôģ˲˵ԷǵصصĪ˰ϵĪɫˣûԵеϧ
ҳĪӹղϰ˵һݵġǲ֪û
һѱȽ֣࣬лǼ˵ʲôǸһ
˵ĻҲû°ɡ
оԷе㲻̫һŶЦЦ̸ôθǱȽġ
ҳЦ˵Ҳɡ
ûжķӦв̫Ȥ
ƽѧϰרҵ֪ʶ⣬ǴϷ׷硣ʵеˣϲ׷ֽƬˡ
Ļ˵ʵûһˡ
ΨֽƬĶ
߰ɡ
ȥƹ˾缫Ƽأ
ߺʩպôӲſڳ
µĲӶ˶٣ƺЩʲôֺֻͣһ£Ҳת˾ƹݡ
-
ƹݺ֡
޵Ŀ⣬һЩ͡
ЩǵؾҲЩǹУûס޵ġֻ֮Ҫεģһ˾ƹݡ
ƹݸձӾݵķЩ񣬻Ƶƹ⣬ǡô֡ʺѹСĽ
ƹݻкʣһ㶼ҪǰԤſԳԵõ
ľƴǵؾԼģվơ𣬹СʿЩĵƣУҪɫ
ںܾǰʩҪһľƹˡ
ľƶǴֹľƣѾһ𣬻ϲǡ
ʩճ϶һϯȹ˾ĳɢڼߡ촽ҡҷˣġ
ߵĿˣǳġֻļˣ˵
жʩϰòΪ˵Ŀˡ
ֻڼ˵ʱ򣬲֪˱Ƭÿ
Ƥ׵ͨ͸۾
ϸȲڳȹ֮£Ƿǡ
ҳĪʩſڽʱĿתض
Ů㣬ò˾ʦһֱ˵ǵʩϰɡ
̫Ư˰ɣ
ҳջˡ
Ҳ˿
ҲƯڼʩһ̣˵ȻʧɫҲΪ
ʩֵȻһеʣܼ
û취һݴȥ˵Ըģ䡣˵䲻ȾһЦȹʱȴҡҷˡ
һվһз·𶼰ˡ
˵ر˵
ʩžͺͿ˴к˵ʱĿһֱԷòͺ
㣬ննŮ
Է϶ˡҳĪͻȻôһ仰˶û
ҡҡͷ˵û£ȻԷ͸ˡ
ǰͺҪŵȹ
ҪĻһЩȥ߲Ǿĵʱô
һƽƽ·ʩϰķӦô˿϶ʲô
ĪЦ
ѣȥļﶼ̫ϵ͵Ȼˡ
һֱΪһ壬ڿʵȻֻΪʱ̫ھ޵ˣĺܶ
Ķ
-
ʱԷǰţпͶT̾˿
ɡ
ôûҲһϵԼ
ҲûǰɫԼƽƽ氡
ֻﻹǻһֺݵĸоĪίһֱΪô궼ȥˡ
ԼʱӦòôǿҵķӦġ
ûмֻ֪Ѿ
ȫ
ûãһ㶼
Է˱ӡ
Ƶʱҳ˼Ѷ
˵ҵһɫĵȹ׼㵱ģ⣬ǰʹá
бıпں죬ıҵ
ִǻġ
ǼСƹݣʰ£͹ɡ
ǵ㡣


5 
Էƿţҹĺߴŷ磬΢΢Щ⡣
Ǹ׼ȫû뵽ģﶼǡôϲġ
ǣûдɫȹ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ɫĵȹϲںɫҲ⣬ִֹϲĿʽ
ԷеŤ
Լʲôûͽܱ˶Լĺá
ӦҪôأ
ЩһμһһǶ
Ǿ˵̫ںڰ׷ˡʱʵԲ÷ֵôģҶѣճദˣΪʲôҪֵôأ
ԷǷκ飬֮ҲһҲ̰ͼκ˶ĺá
ԼֻҪӵС
Ͳʧȥġ
Ҫѵͷԣǰһϲˣ˷ִ硣
ֵȥԷ
ȵԷֿǸ˴ԼгʱʹֻԼ
Ҫ˶־롣
κ˶ĺá
˶ԷĺãҲҪʵʱ䣬Ƿ黹˻ȥ
ҲκȥߣҲκ˽ܹϵ⼸꣬е״̬һֱڻرܵ״̬
ҪʱԼıǡС
ԼȦһСģֻԼĿռ
Ȼ״̬żǻо¼źįæеæУ˿˵įУ¶ҪҲδҪȥ˭⡣
ȥĹ¼š
Խ򵥵ĴȥǸˡʮһ죬ţпT
öԷǵͳ׵ˡҲκεĻ롣
Էһ
ôԼ
-
ԷȥĲ
˯һȷʵеˡ
ΪǼ򵥵СˣϾôˡû뵽ͣʢ
صصĪǲ˶ʱһϢ
SеСʡ
̣ôôһ˳Բģ˹ˡԷ̷һ̲ˣҪȥ˲˵ʱ򣬸æ˵
Ц˵Щϰر𽻴ģһ
ǡ
ôˣһ˸Բİ
һͣǷ׼ʳģİɡ
ûϵģԣԲҲû¡Էűء
Է
Ȼô˵Ǹо̫¡ˡ
һ˲Ҫô鷳İ
ߺԷĲˣһʱ֪ꡣ
ǵصصĪˣĪǲʱѾˡû뵽Īǵɫ⣬еصСʡ
ĪûкһЩʲƷǿġԾʱǻģоԽôʡ
ԷȴϲԺʣÿγԶᱧԹһ飬Ǻһ㶼ͷСԺлĻһҪȥغУҪԵĺʣһ飡
ʮ꣬ô˵
˴ѧѧӰȥغС
ûһȥԹЩʡ
꣬ԼˣԺһҪһȥȥЩζ
֮ĺܶ꣬ûһԹʡ
ֱ˿̡
ڵĵط
֪Щд˵ɫر𽻴ģȥ롣
Էͷ
ڻֺۡ
ʲô
ôȴȥ
ֻڴڴԸطֺ꣬¸طꡣ޷ȥһʲôĸо֮Щ⡣

·ÿһˣ
ǰ
ôԼرչء
ôᶨܾԼˣôٸԼκν
Էͷ롣
-
صصĪǲڣԷӡ
СĪǳ󣬵ƽܳԵصĪǲ˵Ļ᲻ࡣֻзżȥżҵʱ򣬲ſԳԵӳпʼһֱѧУƽؼңҲϡ
ֻĵܵϲʲôֻԼҪæ顣
ĺ
ĪʱżȥСϵ곴Īǲˡ
ʮ꣬żٵʱϲ飬ǲǸ˸һȥĪɫˡ
һȥĪɫˡ
ͺһһ˳ԺüˡԲʹᡣ
Էһֱͷ
ԵúҪǰĹһ
˿ûв
˰ѵʱŴӻ롣̧ͷҪ˵лл
Щ˺ܺóԡ
ϲ
̧ͷ˲䣬˺ԭء
Ŀ͡
ǰϴЦʣôˣǲ˲θ𣿡
Էûнӹ
ܶطĻ棬ûһǰۣ΢΢̧ͷĿԡ
Ǻǰһôÿ
ЦʱĿˡ
Է˿һֱ侲ţж˼ģһ̣˴״̬
ԷûػҲǺ⡣
úɵĿʣңҲûгأһƴɣ
ˣô򶨵ģ
Է
ƾʲôԼʱ򣬾ÿô򶨴ݡһ㶼ƽ
㣡
Էתͷȥ
˵֣תͷʱǰЦ
Цƨ
Էﲻ
ȻûжĹעû١
ԷоԼĶ棬ӲԶոպá
Էǲ̧ͷ
ǰˣεЦЦ̧ͷ
֡
Է
һԷûӦ¡
ҲüۺЦԷǰɡ
þò
ֱ˵þòʱԷ̧ͷίؽӹʲô
ֺܿذͷˡ
ǰÿҲֱӺȫ
ԷһǿϲԷһЩô
Ҳǡ
ֱ
ԷĲƺһ㶼⣬ЦŻû°
˼ǣҾͽ֣𼤶ô
ԷĹĵģ˵
ǰ˵ָָǰĲˣ˵Կ⼸Īǲˡ
ϲԵġ
ǰԷȥĪɫ˵ʱֻҪһһӡ
ȻƼ㣬Һ˵ŶҲ˹ݿǴСѧʱڿˣζģԿ϶ҲϲԵģ
ʱʩ飬ƺЩ֪롣
ܻԼ룬Ȼǰӹˣžͻ˵û£㲻üУҿԼġԼԼġ
ԷÿζװʧŶһ䣬Ȼȵһʱؽܡ
ظ
ȥĻ渡ʱԷġ
ǻ˺ü
䵭˵ϲϲԣйϵô
ʩſӵ֣˶١ܿ죬ЦЦ˵Ȼйϵˡ
Էһʲôϵ
ʩûͣתһ⣺ǰ㲻ܺҽôôڣţ
ôʲôˣ
˵Էûʱ򻹺ã
һôίͨͨ֡
ǰˣô赭д˵ǰ
ǰʲôˡ
ʩü𣿡
š
ʩҲȻˣΪʲô̧ͷء
ԷƵ˵̧ͷۡ
ʩʣͷӲ
Էǿһһٵ˵
һ
㡱


á
ʩ̾˿Ҫҵϵʽ󣬲Ҳɾеϵʽϵİôôȥˣ㵹ء
˵Էˡ
ʲôҲϵ
ѵô΢ɾ绰ڡҲҲ
ƨ

ܾңҲҲ㡣㲻ϵҪ뿪硣ҳȫ˰Ը
ʩ
СеߵǷǺڰ׵ı¡


6 
ԷļǱʮһãѧУÿοشĻʲôݳͻᰲ
ԷҲ͸һѧǻᣬΪȥμӿѧʱȥǡֱ֮ûȥ
ҲǴǴβμ꿪ѧһܡ֮ѧϰżپʹѧУżܲؼҾͲؼҡ
ȥµ̼ңСҴ졣Ȼʱеܿͼ˵ദ
ʱԷЩšֺͣС
ҲԸȥĵ뷨ʱͱദʱв˳ģͻܲͷ
ܾߵ˶޷ԼҲԸȥǹͨ
ѧУʱʱҲһˡüۼǴŵˣ˶׽á
СһķСûпĪʮУȥԱߵְҵѧԺ
Ȼĳɼֹ̫ۣĸܺá
ҪʲôֻϣÿĿ֡
ʱԷżˣȥҡ
ΪĪʮصУڱȽ٣ÿ¾ͷ¼١ԷҲżŻȥ
ÿκ棬Էĵʱ
Ϊ˿˵˵ˡ
ֻ˲ͬһѧУöû취ʱ̫ĵʱ򣬶ԷԼһͦȥġ
ѧУ֪ͨһ죬Է֪Ϣ󣬾һֱʲôΪɲȥμ˰죬ֻ뵽ֶӡ

ԥҪҪѡ
ȻʱԷƢǲ̫ã̫ϲѡ
ڲԵȣɥɥصͷ˵ѧ١ÿ˶Ҫμӣȱϯֱϵҳ
Էҳ
ÿνӵεĵ绰ǳ̾Ӷ̾
Ǵ̬ʧǳ淴ԷǣĪ̹
ֻ̹֮úį
ĸӣ뱻ĸ佱͵õǵϿأ
Է̾˿
Դڽҵȡ
ȿһˣҶȥòμνѧˣǲȥȥĻ֪һ鷳
ȥĻֻʹࡣ
һ㶼ϲ˶ĵطҲһ㶼ϲЩν쵼ʦվ̨ϳƪۡ
Թ˵̬ĵؽ̵
ᷳ
˻Ҳ˰ɡ
ûиоʲôرҪģҲûʲôһҪġǻججػŰɡ
Է״̬͵ȵס
Ҳ֪ΪʲôǰһֵܿŮÿ춼ôúѧϰصҺôȥְѧУʱ⡣
ǡ
Ǵȥڽʲô
ҲĳɼôúãǵĹͣúáþԼ⣬úѧϰ
ڼһҪȥæչ˵ܵܣԶǵܵܲԡ
ܵҲСѡ
ʮֵصƤǽﳵˤ֣滬ϥǸˡûһǰġ
һֱ˶óǲ۰ˡÿ˺ǵԭ͵ߣͻһ
㹻İݺɲ˵Ǽʱ򣬾ͿԸоǵǺܱܵؿġ
ܵƢǿӲ
ĸÿθ˵Ҫе㲻˳˼ܰҶˡ
ǵԷϴЩ飬Ҫ㡣æʱϴϵҲù
ҲǸʮŮӣԼȴоһúã䣬Ҫû˳˼ٲˡ
־˵ΪһŮӣЩ鶼á
Ժˣô죿
Щ飬װĵܵܣҲᰡ
һͻУϾзԡ·䣬Ҳ˼ϴҪһ˫ЬֻҪ䣬ĸͻ
ء
Ȼϲȱģÿθʱ򣬶һ¼۸ֻҪżڼң˵ܽԺôɶռҵıķ
֪㡣
ǿǻ˺ܴѪġ
Ҫ֪ͼ
ԷȫЩǴĸ׿˵ġ
ΪǣԷǵԼˣÿһΣǵˣȴûаŮһ
ֹֻʹ
ʱΪĸһ䣬ܽԺ㲻ռҵıķˡԷִһ̣ݺݵشɢˡ
ɵĸԵظһЩĺչ˵ʱֻԼšֻǹȥЩ̫õ顣
һЩ㹷ֿʼظ
С
ġ
ر𲻿֡
ʵҪĺܼ򵥣ǵõĸϿɣԼǿһ
ɺܶʱ򣬸ĸķ仹Ǵš
ʱķҪڳסġǱûý֮ģֱӱ谲ŵһ˯
ȫһ䡣
ڼҵʱ֣Ǹˣң˯Ĵ
Ҳǰһкնࡣеʱ˵𱻵ôйζʱú赭дĿЦ˵ѽǸ˭Ǹ˭סһ
СӰûϵġ
Ҫôʲô
ԷرΪ
ʱ򣬴ʱᱻǲء
ǻ˵ӣ׬Ǯġ˯һ»ôԼݣõʲô㰡
ԽԽ
Сʱù㰢ôô
ôһ£ͰڳǸɫǷǮô㰡
ӦԷģȫɺͲ
Էίҹڱޡ
ûʲôҲûвӭݵ档ЩˣҲǲ˯Ĵ
ֻҪĸǰ˵һ䣬һѰ
ֻ֪ͨһ
ͬ⣬԰
ǴûС
û븸ĸΪǲҪ˵䱧Ǹûоͬ⣬ñ˯Ĵ
ģֻ䡣
ֻ˵¡
ʲô飬ÿζ˾ȻҲǰ˵ǵ鷢֪֮Ŷԭһ
ͺ˾ÿЦ
ݺѣǿЦӭ
ΨǶԵŮͿԴ
ǳǿ
Ҫ飬һҪá
ûãǲȥһ춼ڶֱͣͷƤ飬Ϣ
Էܹˡ
ƫƫΪĸĸԷǷǳõǵϿɡ
ֻǿͷϵķܡ
ˡ
ʵǣŬǲһ۵ġ
ԷԶǵãһμ꿪ѧĻϲغ͸ĸѧУжôõʱ򣬸ĸû˵ֱ꣬һѽƿ˵һȥû㡣
Զǵá
Զǵġ
ܺĸĸͣǽӵҽԺĵ绰˵ܸܵѧУˣǱԷˡ
ǵʱ̫ڵģԲ̫ǵõʱ˵Щʲô
ܾһʱżҲû˵ôְɣ
Ǻż
˵һ׷ʽ
Էٱ⣬ֳĬֻԼЩѾ飬ȥˣҲûа취ǵġ
ÿЩʱԷͻ
ͷϥǴһǳаȫеƣôŰɡ
ûȥμѧ񣬱ͨͨɣмҳͽмҳɡ
νˡ
ôɵ顣
ɾ˵ʱĶͻȻһ
峺ֺᡣ
˵ӰͷͬѧôǶӲôҪҪȥУҽԺѽ


7 
ԷһʩʱԷ֪ǰӰܶˣ׳ʲôӡʱԴۿ
һֱͷ
ʩĵضĸǰٴοͬѧǲˣ̫Ҫæ𣿡
Է̫ϲԼ޵ӱ˿߱˿һҡҡͷ
ҡûµġ
Сպÿ
Ǻðɡ
ҪĻҾ⸽ġҪȥһ˴ãе顣
ã
ҲǸѧô
ԷûлӦʩֿ̧һֱ
ٴȥҪˣͬе˵·ױʮӸѧҪʼˡ
ͬеѾڴˡ
ͬѧ˰
Ҫڣ̫ĻͻؽҺúϢҪڵϣ䡣
֪𣿡
ٻôӺԷ˵
ңѾܾûôĺˡ
Է΢΢һᡣ
ˮ˲ֽ˫ۡ
ﰲ˼ӵʱ䣬ʩǰˣûлظ룬ԼͻȻĹģŵԷ˰ɡ
ͬѧ
ܲ˼ŵŶ
뿪Է̧ͷҪ˵һллûдŵֻԼ״̬̫á֪ӦôȥӦ
ˮģ˫ֻۣԷıӰԼԸоԷһϯɫĳȹ
У
ӦҲʦ
ѧУʦᴩȹӡ
ո˵ãѵѧУѾҵѧô
˲䣬ԷͻȻҪȥõĳ嶯ΪټǸѧһ档

һֱ˺ܶط꣬ԷȻǵᡣ
ҲΪѾܾûлȺѵԷûȥĴá
ݽоеһУƺڡ
ֻĴڡ
һϯȹ촽
侲ֳţĿƶˣԼ˵
˵ʼţÿŮʹǶֵñҲ¸Һ̹ϵȥ׷ĵǶӦκһⷢ
ǱκŮҲԺţҲκǶҪ顣ŮԼķԶɣ¸һ㣬¸һ㡣
һ̣ԷоԼѪڡ
ϣŮԵ
Էٴ¶١
βΪ֪룬ΪίֻǵΪһԼӯˡΪҪúõػš
Ҫȥⷢ
ԣ¸ҵسˡ
ֻǺദһжԸ
-
ءһ⴫̻յԷĻʵ
Էһ۴⡣
ܺڣ̻죬
кܶûп̻ˡ
겻÷̻ҲкЩûлعˡ
عԷһʩ
ڵ˵ĶƺкܲԼ˵
˵û
ܾңҴŵˡҪ뿪ҺģԸ
ʩƲƲ죺ҿɴûϣ
Էû̫ʲô
ʩûټ⣬һ鵰Ƥûʲôȥ飬ѾûôҪˡԷɡ
ǰ
Ѿȥ顣
ȥˣȻҪˡ
Էͷ
ʩһ䣺ָǣЩ̫ĵ顣
ţ
Է̧ͷ
ֵһˡ
ǽѧҵɡ
š
ϲҵŶ
Էûнӹ
ʩЦЦô㣬ѧð
ԷΪ˵ǸУͷš
ʩ˵˵Ǵѧ
Էһ㶡
ԣ֪Լͬһѧ
ʩҪҵ꣬Էտϴѧ
һǰŸձҵһžͿȥˡ
Էϴѧʱڶ״̬ܣԷһδεҪͨǸϤĺ룬ѹסˡ
룬ȻѾȷؾܾˡ
ͲҪȥű˵
Լء
ԣԷһֱΪ֪ԼĸУ
ԣһֱ֪ҲĪ󡣡
Ȼ˰
֪ΪʲôԷֿʼˡ
ȥʲô
㡢ô֪ġ
⻹Ҫô֪ôôǰ˵ҲҪĪǿ϶ܿϵİʼţÿŮӣֻҪĿͷ򣬶ǿԵʵֵİ
ԡ
ûпȥԼ
ֻƾֱ
һûôء
еġ
ʩЦЦ
Цݻûб䡣
ڸ˿϶ʱЦݣرĶ
ǰԷϲճһԭǣܴϸоһůͺغϣĸо
Էߣޱͨ
ҰԷʧЦ
ҵȻ㰡
ġ
ԷоԼġ
ǰԷΪĹϵ̫ãǶǴѹʽĽٶϿɡԴԷʩʶѧģǶԼĿ϶
κ˷Լ
ʱԷʩǺġ
ʩݽ󣬵̨Ҫϵʽ
ʱûдֻҲûдʡ
͹⿿䣬˵ʱԼһ֡
Ӵңƽʱ·Ҫʮӡ
죬ԷֻӲþȫرܡҺдǴ֡
ĪʮиǲѧֻѧУģסУ
ԷҪϰص󣬲ſõֻһ죬ڼȿܵ״̬
ЦȻͬѧЦЦ

ЩϸڣԷûкκ˵
ʩ֪
ʱģȻŮ۾ŹҪ΢šͻ𣬺òѧ㡣
ǽ㡣
ʩٸ΢ŵġ
ΪҪ΢ŵĴˣǰڨģһӦǾܾ
죬ǸŮĪ
ܺ棬Էǳʲô뷨ҪϵʽֺƶĻ
ڱصá
ʩͷһαôƶشڨ
Է¶˺ܴľģҪʶ
һֱڣʩǵãĻ档
ǸУĴŮվĸǰŹ⣬ƶؿ˵㣬ңҪϵһһ𣿡
ĺܶкܶʩڨ
ԸַʽŻûһˣô̡
ں˵ദУʱʩ˵ŲԸ⣬ﻹȻĳ֡
ȻÿһεÿһεķÿһεÿһθĶԻ
ֻʱ˶С
ʮԷУŤʱʩЦҲᵱ档ʩȻԷûҲ23ꡣոձҵ͡
ģ
ҪһֱҪ顣
Էĳ֣һֱǷǳĵġ
ֻǣת̫ͻȻ
ʶԼ΢űԷɾ绰ҲˣͼѧУҹ˵ˣĿǰѧУ
ʩԭҲһзִкԭˣʶԷľ󣬼кܶ󣬵Ҳȥʡ
ԼȻȻؽĵȻҲҪȻؽߡ
Ͼ˼ڸȻҪʱѧϰϡ
ѧϰ飬ǲҪˡ
š
ʩ˵ķӣѶ˼ҡһζıҵΪԼĿⱨͱҵķս
˳رҵͼ˴һͨ
뿪ĪSдҵ
һֱڰԼ滮·̺ͷǰС
Ҳһֱоܳʵÿ춼æʼ޻ûʱǰ̨ɨԼ

ҲȽˣڵĺϻˡ
һжرãֻԼ֪һֱȱһ顣
ֱܶڡ
ǰˣһ̣
ĵʲôġ



8 
ԷԼôصģǶٷ˶ãҲǲ̫ˡֻ֪ʱ·һ̣úܿ졣
쵽û˵ϼ仰ͽ͡
ʩҪҪȥƹһǶڡ
͹ط꣬ģ̰ܺߡѡһ˴š
ʩδȰ˵
˵طɡ
Էҡҡͷˡ㡭
ѿڶĻҪʱת˻磬Ҫˣʩϰ塣
Ͼ䣬ϵʩ̲סЦ
ѹסЦ⡣
СǺǰһ׶룬ҲױŤ˵ʲôģһҪżżͻԼ硣
á
㣬ȥƹݿһ¡
Էûнӹ
︹̵ôǺǰһʼնôȶ
˵ʲôʲôʼնƽ͡

Ŷ
ԷһǳɵŲӣⷢ죬ԱԼĲ
ǰҲ
вģͻķʽʩע⡣
Ȼʩͻ޿κεؿҪ
ԷڱǰΨĸǰչֳһ档
Ϊֻ֪

Էţ׼Լߵʱʩ֪ʲôʱվ߰ɡ
ԷΪԼߣӣ֪Ҫߣѣ
ʩ̾˿˵һߡ
Է
˲й
ôôȥˣ㻹һ㶼û䰡
ԷںǾã顣
öû˺ˡ
ԷҲ֪˵Լɡ¡
һҸҪ䡣ҲŲĳˡ
Ŷʩü˻
Է죺ûʲôɽҪطˡ㣬ţǿǲ
ԷԴͷĿԡ
Ȼ㶼ǰһˣҲôšͣǵҪʩϰ塣
ʵ˻Ǹոյľ룬ΪֱӶϵһۣƺñ˴˸һЩ
ʩ΢΢
Ҫջһ仯ûС
б仯ġ
ǰûô󵨰ɡ

Ϊʲôء
ԷӲʩǰǰһصġԵʩΪƿţվǰ棬Ļһ
Ƿǡ
ʩһɵ㡣
ǼǰǸζرšԳ
Ц˵Ǽֵʱڵ٩öվڸǰˣ˵ˣŶΪ򿪰
ԷƴڿԼʩʱһءǴǰڣǡ
-
ӲʵûжԶת·̡
о˺þá
ĺְΪʲôоʱһߵĺܿ죬һߵúء
Ǹͬһദ
ԷҲ벻ס
һ·Ĭ
ֱվڷǰԷллһ
ʩ˵ͼ·ѡ
Է
Ϣ
Ȼء
Ҳǡ
ԷҲ֪ԼڴʲôΪԼһġϾôûˡ
ûǸ뷨
ҽȥˡ
á
Ȼ
ûһ뷨
ԷʧתվǰϡͿġҪ˵ߡ
淳
ԷԹԼ
ʩվſһǰߣô
Էûӹ
Ҫô˵Ҫ
⻰Ҫôڡ
ʩضŷŵΪˣ֣ȥ룬ԭ˰ֱӺ˵
ʵԷǵ룬ʩ˵ǲǲǵʱѡ˱ֳĬ
ʩǰһǰıˡ
ȵϢӿϸָߡڷԷѾˡ
еظоԵͺ
Լ϶еˮζ
ӵʱ䣬λ룬֨һŴˡ
ȥɡǵùغţȻóȥġ
ٺÿʢóء
ʩÿŵ涼һɴţűߵĴϣһЩòݡ
š
Է˵Դ
˿ݵĶ
ֱŹϣԷûпڣ
ʵǾ仰ľҪˣԷˡ¸һܾ
Ըһ뿪Ӱ
ҲóȻж
-
ǴӾƹݻʱѾʮһˡ
ǺϲƹݵķΧΪԷھƹݵ˵ȡȷԹͲʱһᣬҲ׼ط˯ˡ
۳Ͷ٣Ҷе㿸ס
Ϣãٿɾ档
ҳĪƿʱںܰһյƵĵơ
ΪԷ˯ˣ׼ŵȥһϴ·
պţԷʻ
죬Ȱúܶࣿ
Ī㲻ȷ
ǰ㻹û˯
԰˯š˯̫ˡԷʵش
Īȷˣ黹ʱԷֻõʱ򣬱Ϊʲôĵ뷨¶
鲻̫õʱ򣬱ʲôǸӡ
һʲô˵
ôã㲻ǰ˯̫ˡϳԵ̫ء⻰лļֱҪ̫ԡ
Էô
ЦҲðɡûԶ١
𣿡
ҿ˵ʩϰ嵥ΪŶ
Է򶨵ػأǰô𣿡
ֱһʣĪ㷴֪Ӧνӻ
Ӧúί˵ǰаʲôġôôֱ̹Ȼľͳˡ
˲֪ġ
ûô
Ǿǲǰʶ
ȻֱĪҲͲίѯˡ
ԷҲ̹Ȼسϣǰ
Ҳǰ
֮ǰǲǺ찡
㣬Ҳǰɡ
Էء
ϾüûˣزǺϤġǣʩǲǣȷ
⻰ô˵
ѵһԷĪҲܺ档
Щ飬ԷԼһ˱̫ˣҲҪԹ
ǣǰϲ

⡢⡢⡭
ĪֱӴˡ
°Ͷ쾪ˡ
ǣ⣬ǣʲôǡ
Īˡ
ֻ򵥵ذһµġ
û뵽ֱģֱֱ̫ˣ
ô
Էʩߺ˿һˡ
ǰϲʩ£Լ⣬û֪ԣʩʧʱҲû֪
ûи˷ʩ˵Ҫԡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôϣʩӹ绰ת뿪˵ҪȥæʱԷӿֳһ뷨
ͻȻҪñ֪ʩĹϵ
˾֪֡
Ī㻺˻񣺡Ҳֻ֣һôһϣеԲ
СһˡԷúؿ˵
Ī㣺
ҲǹϴС
Ҫʱ仺һ£
ôֱӵģԲѭ򽥽һƽô
ĪС̽ԣ̸
˵Է
һĹĵûУ
⡭

Ī㲻ԡ
ҵ棬׷
Ȼ󣬱ܾ˰
Է˵赭д
ʮĶĶĳ룬Ƕʹ£ͻãúѹġ
Īܾȡ
Է¶ȻҾͰзʽɾˡ
Ī㣺
⡭
е˼
ԷԴεڡ
еˡ


9 
ֱܶڣԷŻȻףʱ̫ںڰ׷˵ķʽϲ˵Ȼ̵ķʽȥԼѧϰ˵ЩȥǣÿҹĪ
绰ÿζ¶ɾˣ̲סٴα档һʱҪϵʱֻҪɾ
˷
΢Ӻҳ棬Ϊ˶ٱ顣ûлͷûл΢IDûи¸ǩ
룬˿̵ʲôûæ᲻뵽Լ
ɾϵʽ᲻ֺˣҲ
ܶķʽȶٵİ취̣ȴʹ಻
ϵѧڣԷֻѧϰԼÿ۵ĵһ飬ǱʱƵ֪ʶ㡣еʱ䶼ŵĺûʱȥ
Ϊæ̣ǡ
ȴˣʵз˵ġտʼʱ򣬾ðһͦһͦȥϵͿˣɵΪҪǵʱʵʱ
һΣĵ绰Ѿڲͨҳ浱ˡֻҪһָͷ
绰˲ͿԲͨסˡ
˼ӿͷ޷ڣ۵׵ᡣ
ʱǶڱޡ
ѧڵǰʱ䣬Էʮ
Ͳ֣ΪûûҹѧϰټʱΪ뵽һЩ飬û취˯š
ӳĬˡ
Ҷء
żپסѧУԭûʲôڡ
ѧУĿγѾŵúˣټԷԼҪԭ˺ܶγ̣ʱ䲢ࡣ
Ҫѱȱ˸ʱѧϰϣſ԰ѹȥµĿγ̼
ѧϰԷ˵ѣֻҪѧԼ
ѰʩǸ̡
Ȼ˴ʶֿǰʱ䡣
ǰʱ䣬ȴԷܵůĵһʱ䡣
ÿڴĻкܶ뷨
ǰˣʲôڴء
Ὺʼȥ룬ӦҪȥϵ
ҪǼˣԸʲô
Ըʲô
ǰԷÿڴľϰ󣬸ϢǱһСʱ
ֱϨƣ
ÿ춼׼ʱ׼غ˵ȻӦϲʱҲ˵硣ȻտʼûеõĻӦ
ʱˣҲ˵̫ˣһûء
Ȧ£ĸǩҲ겻䡣
һǳȶˣԹʲôԷÿθϢһѡ
ʦ˵ʦԴԴϵĻ⡣
ԷһֱԼǸûʲôҲͦĮˣΪѧУʱһˣҲ̫˵ʲô
ʩǰǸ롣
ʲôҪ˵ʲôҪ֪
ȻæֻҪգͻϢҲʲôʱֻҪԷҪ֡
ͻȻ£Էûüؼú·ѧУġԷҹͻȻθʹҲһֱߡ
΢Ĺչ
ɵʩ費ҪЩʲôʱģԶ˵ûСҲ˵һЩе¡ʱ򣬶Է˵
ʩ˵Ļ⣬Զ롣
δڴԼĹ滮
һǳĿŮӡԷڸʱѽӴġ
ʮԷ˳Ҫʩ΢ź󣬵ȵϲ΢šžǿʼصȴ
ʩֱڶʱ򣬲֤ͨ
Է֤ͨʱѾϰˡ
סʺãһؽУһ˰Ϣ
ʩʱյϢʱ򣬸оֻҪըˡ
ʩƽô΢ţϢһ㶼ŵ״̬ʱ䶼ֻڿֶӸһݳ
ʩѧѧǲרҵ˵ʱǹŰǻԲǺתرԡ
ҹ̨૵Ů˵ȴֺ
꣬ѧУ־ͬϵУǣһһ֧ҥֶӡΪڳʱȴһ֣޷˵ɺͿҰ
ҪһСƹݵԭ֮һҪԼĵϣһֻСƹſԼĸ衣
Ǻ
ٽҵÿ˶ʼԼĹ滮еҪȥϹ㷢չеϼңеҪУÿ˵ѡƺҪҵһ̣ղزɢ
û˿԰Ȱɷԡ
治ˡ
ʱֶһԱЦ˵
ֶӵĹ֣Ŵɵֶӡ
Ҳʵ˵ҪؼҿԱˡ˵ֻпϹԱڣȶġҲгϢġ趼̧ͷ
ֶӣ˷Եġ
һֱͬǾ˷Ǯ˷ʱ䣬ǮԼְܵġĵֱ꣬Ӷѡ
һ꣬ſԼȰȥ֧
ʵǰȴһ
ûԸ⻨Ǯȥֻҥֶӵĸ裬ΪʩڣǿСݳвٵǴո֡
ݳ۸Ҳһѹѹ
ѧУһңÿҲҪٵһʷá
ҵ˴ıҵÿͻȻúæҶԼæʱֶݳʱ䣬һơ
дԭʣҲٰѴҴһĵȥϸڣȥ
ֶӵЩ飬ԷǺʩһ졣
ʱԷʩԸ˵һЩϵˣΪѾҲŸ
ôҲû뵽ʵһתĿʼ
-
Īһʩ飬Ѿסˡ
ԭΪʩֻܾޣ磬Ķ
ǺҲûϵ
ԷҡҡͷûСһֱڣطĵһ档
ΣԷ
ȻɾеϵʽԷȻţǻټġ
ȥÿһط;ĬĬһʩ֡
ڹ;дÿһдװĽ㣬Һ㡣Ըһƽ
ýƬȥÿһȥĵط
ҲĻϲҪʩľɫȻƬдһţдʱ䣬һװŷ
ȥʱ´Ӿ¥ؽӱϵ졣
длᣬǿһ죬ȥ;Ľ߾ɫŪ÷һӾ¥м䴩ȥ
Цָҿ˵㿴Ļ˼ҵĴһ˳ָķ򿴹ȥ
ȻҲ̫֪ʲôʱ򡣡
ӦþڲõĽɡ
롣
ȥ人ĳŵճʱվڽߣӭط紵ԷоԼҪɵˡЦúܿģڳظһ̶
д룬˿̵ķɵģηġϲ
Ա߾лǽͷǽͷֻҪһߣǶԡ
ԷȥһЩغС
Աϵĵطȥ
ΨǿδSС
Ϊһֱ֪
һ̣ԷȻʶ
طʲôʱɣԤı


10 
Ī˵Щĵ׵ĻԷĪؾˡ
ԭЩ£ڿڵ˲䣬ȻͨЩͻȻЦЦĪеͷԣЩд˴£ž;꣬ѣھȻЦó
ԷݶĺޣǶķ䡣ľϵװ޵ķůɫϵƹ⡣
˸оرܰ
С˵ܸԼһֱҪټһ棬ԭһ˷ǳĵ鰡
Ī㾹Է
Էûٽӹ
ۣ˯
һΡ
Σ֮ǰڳȫһ
ڳϵʱε˺ܻɬλ˸ʱϴŸʱУվУſڣں죬һֱ
ȻںĶ죬оů
Īûк
ɲ֪Ϊʲôһҹ纣˵
ڶʱ򣬲ʶĪǣڿSС˯ں޵һҹĺͺ˵ˡ
ֻú⡣
Էƣ벻ѡ
ÿҹκ󣬵ڶͻᱻƣΧڴǰϸϸΡ
ϣȷʵλظʱˡ
ûǴĻĶ졣
ĪȻ£ϻؼ·Ÿʩ˼ѶǱһԵ̬źšû뵽˵ڶ͸
ϲʲôɫ·
Էĸʲô˵Եġ
㴩ҲСҲġ
ѵÿЦ˵Σҵ·㴩ƻ©Ŷ
ԷæأûϵѽҵУҲƫģ
ûٻػ
ʱԷΪԼ̫ˣ㲻̫ڶЩ·ײ㣬һͷ¡˵Ǽ·ûдΣеƫСˡ
㴩ҪӼӦûԵġ
ԷЦ⣬ǡ
ȫӦ
ҪſڻʦڣԷһѱסԸл
С󣬾û˺úõԷЩʲôҲ뷨Ψʩǵһѻ˵꣬ңÿζܺ׼ȷظƽˡ
Էǵú궬죬һѩ
Ҷ˵ѩ׷꣬һ˳궬죬䣬겻Ǻ죬ԷԹ䡣Ψ꣬ԷֶûбԹ
Ϊ
ĳ˵Ĵڣů
ĳڴĹ⣬Ҳһˡ
궬ԪԷûлؼҡ
ȥʩסĵطʵڶȥˡһȥʮһ·ŵ¼١
¼ٺ٣꼶ѧǰ·һΣһη졣һ²ŷһΣһһ롣
ԷԴӸһһ󣬾رųؼҡ
ϰ߷¼ٲѧУžȥСˡε¼ҲǴѧУģΪȻ£ѧУʵ̫ˡ
һסԭʮڵңԷԼҹ￸ס
㻹ȥСңżٵ죬СѧУʵϰˡ֮£ԷӴһء
һβͨʩĵ绰ȥµʱ䣬˶ϵǵһθͲԷ
绰ཱུԷرš
Ѿܾûи˴绰ˣֵȴĸоǰ̫ϲ
ڴ˿̡
еĲϲڴ
ڴֱʧ䡣
绰˼û˽ӡ
ԷЩʧ绰עҪ˯ѧУˡԷԴ
ǵǹ˶ãԷһ˯˹ȥ
ٴʱʩĵ绰˹æӣԷôˡ
Է֧֧᲻֪Ӧô˵
Ҫ˵ûʲô飬ȴ֮ǰ뷨˵ֻһܱŤղҪ˵ʱڴʧ䡣ڻ˵ıҪô
ܲ˼ҸղæûпֻĻҪҰʲôæĻ˵Ҫ㲻Ը˵ĻҲûϵġ
ԥ˼ֺԷСڡ
ʣ㣬ܲܡ
绰ͷ˺ĵصѻ˵꣬Էʿˮ۾һҪ˵Ļ˵꣬ǣܲȥסһϰұ֤ҺܹԵģң
ҾǷżˣûطȥ
绰ͷʩƺһϢ
ûжʲôӦ»԰Ҫȥô
϶Ĵ𰸺ԷŸۣҪǷĻ
ʩЦЦ𣿡
ԷͷţѾżˣ
ʩá
ԷԶǣʩʱ˵Ǹ֣˶ꡣ
-
ԷڴǰȥʱĪһˡ
Էڴǰһ⣬æôˡԷҡҡͷ˵ԼһǰΡ
Ī˯ԺģҪ׷ʲôΣֺۡ
Է˼׳š
̫ϰ˯ֻҪˣͺ˯
ߵ㣬̫Խ˺ƽ档Էվںɳ̲һ

ۣܺ硣
ʲôʱ֪
-
ʩÿҲú硣
ȥȻʼһæµ
ʱ򣬷ѾվˡϸΣ֪˭
Էź͸ʱһķͣźǰûʲô仯
Ӵʱֻúܲһ
ıͦúֱ
Ǿܺÿ
ֱʩòϣϵʽһԭΪֱӡһԭΪ÷ǳͿ
̧ۿʱ
һֺرĸо
Է׼ʱע⵽վˡ
һʿˮ˵㣬ôﰡǱѿڶĺʩ㡣
ƺʩܶ˺
Ϊֹûһˣô˳ֱӡ
ʩûŵɣ
Էһۣ˵ء
ĵӹȻˡ
ǰĸҳۣÿθ˵ʱ򣬶˺Сġ
ھȻǰεرԼ
Ҳǹġ
ŶԷװ˵ֲƽϡ
ʩЦЦüƽϵʲô
ԷƤЦⲻЦʲôҲƽء
ʩüŶ
Щ룬Ҳ֪˭ôƽϣİϵʽɾˡ
Ȼ⻰ʩû˵
Ͼǽ㣬ܸСһ
ԷһۣŶʲô
ʩҡҡͷûС
Է
аɡ
ȻǾˣ˵û
ҪҪźߡһ̫ɾ͵ˡʩʡ
һ𣿡ԷҲ֪ôˣһˡǵǰ˺ദʱԷżˣһֱϢҪҪȥԺóԵġ
ǻؾԼ˵ԡ
ҪԼһȥԡ
ԷΪһΣҲԼһˡ
ʩҲһϢ
ȻѹĶ˵ĵ̣ôһء
һԷͽŵ١
Լ˵˭֪ǰĳֲûиɹ顣
Ѿȥ飬ʩˡ
˭
϶ҡ
Է


11 
ֱڣԷҲ֪Ӧôȥ˵ڵദԽϲֵ̫ˣڽû취ӦֻǾ̫鷳ˣʲôǣ
ԲŻһδεĻر
ԷҲԭڴһЩ飬˵š
ͺУô᲻֪ء
ʱҪŸѧϰѹĶǸദû취ġټϼ﷢һЩ飬÷ǳ
ԭһˣǿԺܺõѹסЩġ
ʱΪԽڴһЩû취ԼڣҪİ
ǽֺæ
ʱ̶Ӧԭ˶緢źţһûеõʱĻظͻøӽǡ̿֡кͲ֪롣
һδεطԼ
ǲԼԷ鷳ˣǲǴŵԷˡ
ʱԷʹ״̬
һڼѶͽੲݵرԹ˵һЩʱ˺ܾöûлظ
һ̣ʶƺԽ̫ˡ
ÿ춼Լ뵽ǽȴٸ˵Щ¡
߽㣬԰Щ鶼˵
Լ顣
أʼףǲ֪ӦôӦ
Ը˵ЩЩճҪʱֻֻ֡ǣûа취ȥ˵Щճ
ʱԷǡǡҪģߣ˵ֻ
һδα䴦ûмʱظˡԽϲǽȴûκθо
Ϊ˵ʵҶԽвһʱ
˺ܾãԷŵõĻظ
֡
Ǹ
һ̣Էȫסˡ
ֵʱ˵ͱˡΪԼԽ𰸵ġ׼ġ
֪Ǽȶʵ
ӽӦʼرܣӦġ
ȷеõǸ𰸵ʱỹǱסˡ
Է֪ԼǸ޹ǰڼίҲԼڷޡܿͰԼѧУڲһϰ
Ϊ˵ĻظԷ͵͵ֻҡ
ֻܶڲܿϢ
޵ѣΪԼܾѹ
ãԼӦôűôʱ䡣Ҫ׿ڸ𰸣ſϰݡ
һˡ
Ժ󰡡
Ҳû취ǰ뵽ʱ򣬾޼ɵȥϵˡ
Ҳûʸȥϲˡ
ûйˡ
Էʵֻߡ
ˡ
ǡ
Ĵ𰸣ˡ
ڵ
Էӵ˰ְִĵ绰
˵ˤһӣֹ̫ۡŵܵȸϻϼˡ֮ٿ
ԷСʱǸ̳ģڵܻܵûгʱ
ܵܳˣ˵̻۵ܵܵġɼǵܵܳˣȻԷʲôóԵģšֻҪмڣԷԼ̼ҡ
˸ټʶʩԷȥĴˡ
̴绰ĴҲûǰƵˡǰֻҪż٣ϰܻȥ˼Ҵһ绰
ʶʩҪ˵ĻתƵʩϡ
̹ͨƵ˺ܶࡣ
дΣ̸绰Ϊʩĺܿģûнӵ绰
һ̣գӿͷ

ھɾʩϵʽ¶ĺúѧϰˤһӺ󣬵Ϊ˥ߣ뿪
ԷΪѧУ̫ˣûлµĳûиϼһ档
ڶٻϼҵʱѾۣʬ䡣ѾΪµ·ܰڴϡ
Էһ֪ԭڼȱ˵ʱǷκġ
ǰãѹʱޡ
Լ״̬
Ϊܿ޳飬ʵȥġ뿪죬֣ԭѹû취ÿݵġ
Щ飬ĳͣ޷ȥġ
-

Щ£ӿͷ
ԷĪһᡣ
ʵܶ飬룬Ҳûйȥȥġ
ôѵʱͦȥˡοڡʵ̵ʩûκιϵֲˤӵģֻʱԷ̫ںڰ׷̫У˽Ӵһ㣬鷳һЩΡ
ϲһˣϲǸˣʹࡣ
ԣֻնϡ
еڴľͲҲü򵥡
ʼƴѧϰûûҹ
ǶӺԷϰ˺˱־롣κ飬һᡣôȥЩ飬ȥԹ
ߵÿһȵĺ̤ʵ
ٻûʧ
Ҳٽϣڴڱ˵ϣ뵽ģܰģֻԼ
źߣһ·ԷܳĬ
ǰʩߣੲݡС˵˴£͵͵ظ
װ崥΢񫡣
ڴ˿̡
˲Ҳƽ
ΪѾʮˡ
ʮʱڱ뵽ʲôϾ˵ˡ
ϲһ˵ʱ򣬺޲ðĶͳԷڴ˿̣ԷѾѧѹԼ
ҵʲôô
ãʩȿĿڡ
Էƽ͵ؿڣûʲô㣬ҲУŬ׬Ǯ¡
ʩֱԣءĪ𣿡
ǡ
ǰԷܻ㣬ҵԺѽĪ𣿻ǡ
ÿν㶼Ĭ
Ÿ˵ᡣ
ҲĪǵġ
Է׷ΪʲôءѧĪҲĪѽ
ûΪʲô
ʱԷû˵
ΪԺԷ;˿ĸУĪҲζţѧ꣬ԷĪǡ
ǰԷţܼ飬һῼԶĵطԽԶԽá
ڣȴΪĳ֣ѡĪ顣
ȴ˵Īǡ
ԷѲ롣
ǲΪԼԵʣĪǡ
ܣʩи߹ں߿һޡ
Īûк
ʱԷ˵ЩȥģֻԼҪĴ𰸡
Ȼ
ʩûиҪĴ𰸡
Ҳһ
Էƽ˵Ӧá
Īǰɡ
ÿԭͥûиܹĺӣҪҺܽĵطɡŮӡиܵܵĸ
ʩüͷչǿסغô
Էѧ˵ᰡ
ʩ
ԷЦЦ㲻Ҳôƶػش˵㲻Īô
ʩ
ͦǳ
ʱ̫غпһ޺СƹˡĪǣȻʺҡ
ԣѡ˺ܾ뿪궼Īǡ
ҲǲĪǡ
ֻǾûбҪǰɡ
Է˵º͡
ʩǰĽݡ
ʩҭ˵
ûбҪֻγǺһûмΪǿĺܡ
ʲôҪԼ
Է
Էװû
ֱͣĸǰվǰ˵ңûоãĪһûбҪ顣
ǡǡ෴
Ϊ²Լڴѡȥ
Ҳ֪ܷ⡣
Էȥ
ʩؿǺڽ͡
ԷΪȻء
ȻСﻹ
ʩ޿κΣʱȥѧУҹġ
ܲá
ȥ˼ΣûϢ
Էһ¡
ƺЩš
ʩֻظһ飺
˵
ɾеϵʽлظĸУҹ㡣
ǱҵҲͼȥҹ㡣
޹
룬Ӧǲ̫ҰɡһֱҡڣѧУſ˹ֺٰͿϵѧУ
룬ûҵӣҲĸá


12 
ʩѧʱǰڣ˵˳˳ˮ
־ͬϵѣһ齨ֶӡΪ˼ԭȻСڣҲû׬ʲôǮҲϲҲԼҪ顣
סѧУᣬͿԼְ׬Ǯ˷ӡ
ʩãҲûпεĩһЩֻģʱ㡣һҲм٣ȥѣ²ٵһǮ
еܱʱ򣬶æҵҪкܶ࣬Ҫ׬Ǯ
϶ʵģɽɽܣκУȲʵʵڵʻͬʱֺ塣
ҪԼ룬ȥκԼҪ顣
ʵϣĻ
ʱãԼһ塣
ʱƶȥ϶һЩ飬ʱʱֻȥһЩ顣
ϵؿ϶ֲͣط񶨡
ĵ뷨ˣȥһֱһǳȶĳˡֻԼʱ˻뵽һַǳ״̬
ÿζҪһʱ
ϰʲôԼ
Էĳ֣ʩȫû뵽ġ
غ㣬һֱڴĻظǵ˵еĻҲ뵽Ļޱ˵
ֱεĸоʩȱٵ
û취Ȼغߵ˵ĵ뷨ϲŭ֣ûа취ȷеݡ
ֺȷظоԷڸϵʱֿĺͿ֡
ʵ˵ʩûиκĻᣬϸϸȥ˵ЩʲôΨԷ
㹻ĺͰݡ
һʼʩǱ̬һദ
˵ʲôӦ˵áҲûȥϸ;ãչӦõġ
ʱˣȻʶǾһᣬǰ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ĳҹʼڴûظϢʱȻʶ
ϰˡ
ϰʲô飬ϰˣԼҪšҲϰˣһЦظ˵ܶϸ顣Լ·ҲкֺĪĸо
ʡ֣Ժ
ȻܶʱԷ˵ûʲôӦʵȥˣֻǲ֪ӦôӦûкԣֻǷ
ΪϵһЩȱʧʩû취Է
ж
ʼնãκ飬˵ûκġ
ΨиʵʣʵʵڴڵĶ˿иоġ
ǶʮԷ˵̫УԼе̫ڿˡʣƺҪĳ̶ֳҵĻӦ
õĴǿ϶
Ƿϡ
ʩڷǰС
ǲӦԷϲҲȷؾܾûо飬ԼˣȥһЩ顣ټ˱ҵ߰һȷʵæ
ԷıףӦıǸǾܾ
ǣʱ䣬ԼĻرܶоǸЩ˵̫˵ǾҪǸЩʱֱʦȥˡ
æҪԷϵʱԼˡ
еϵʽȫʧ״̬һ̣ʩǰδеĺ¡
ҪʧȥŮˡ
ʩһʧȥĸ
ǰԳκ飬ſп޵̬ڿ
سǱʮҹԷǼպٻϼˡ
巢ʲô飬ʩֻ֪֪Ҳˡ绰ʼڵ״̬ñ˵ĵ绰ȥҲ˽
ʩҲʼʶǲԷѾٸӴˡ
ѡ˶ܺʧ
ԼȥĻ鷳
ڵִڸѧҵæʩٶҲѡ̺Ͳš
һֱǵԷʲôʱҪ߿ʲôʱŰ
ĪʮֻҪǿصѧѧѧУֺƬӡУſԻΪٰ񡱡ʩĪʱѧУҲֺƬ
ʩվѧУſڣšٰԷֺĪʱ̲ס
ʱʩѾҵһѰԷ֪ѾҪϵѧУĵ뿪Īǡ
Ϊ֪ûʩԷҲһúܺá
ĪصУʦǽѧ豸ԼУԴһġԷῪµ

ʩ˵Է˴ԭء
û뵽ʩȥҹһֹһΡ
ҵİɡ
ʩ
ǣǰɡϾ飬ѾȥôˣֻƬô˵
Щ꣬ʩһֱԼæµ״̬
Щ飬Ѿû취ˡ
ĻشԷЩʲôҾǣǡҪĻͰ˵ģʲô
ģɣ˵ĺˣòáԷ
СԷ졣
û
ʩһۣõʲô
ҪϵʽôϰɾҲƽ͵ظͨͱһֱ˵
ʩҲ̫
ϾԼһиоˣ󣬸黹ûпʼնˡ
Ҳǻ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ӧû
ػع鵽ֻһ˵硣
ɣԷС˵û˰ɡ
ձԹ꣬Էûע£˸գЩˤ˹ȥʩۼֿ죬һѷס
Сģ
ͻȻľ룬Է
˶ǰԷͺ̰ӣʩһĪ١Ҫһ
Էͷ
Լ
Сĵ㣬Щʯӵġʩſѵ
ޡԷͷ
֪ôء
Է
ϣɺ㡣
ζǺǰһԡ
ԷʼջǵõһȥסĵطʱĻ棬ѧУʮһµ¼١ûеطȥ˵绰ѧУſڽӵ
˯ô
˯ɳ
Է˵һ˯ġ
ʩ˵⡣ϰһ˯˯˯õġ
ðɡ
Էûǿ
Է˯ú㡣
ȫʩζģ֪ˮζԡ¶ġֻϴҺģ֮㣬ܺ˯
Է֪ʩһû˯š
-
ԷӺ߻Īˡ
ȥһ裬֪Ϊʲôȥɢģȴһϸ
ϴԡ
վԡſڣţĪ˵ĪĪ˵ɫȹ԰һ
Īһ⣬۷Ź⣺ôҪ
ԷûжȹЩʧģΪϲû뵽Ȼ˵¡
ѽ
ҪĨҵĿں죬ִء
ŶĪ˷ܡ
еСڴϾλˣƽﶼġ˶֪Ӻá
ģʮֱ¡
٣˫۾һ
ƽǲʰû뵽˺ߺ󣬸о˱úʻǰȫһ
ĪհѵȹݸԷ󣬾ͿʼȺ鱨
һλ죬Է촩ȹˣ
λļٵģ
һλƭС
˾ĺλҪҪǰ̨绰ʩϰһ˰
һλеģ


13 
ǰ̨ӽӵ绰˵1ŷĲˣ׼̹ȥʱʩպô
ôˣʩ˳˾䡣
ǰ̨ʵ˾䣺Ҳûʲô飬1ŷǱߵĲˡҪ׼ð̹ȥ
ʵ绰Ī㰵رҪʩȥģǰ̨ôԼϰȥ¶
ʩ1ŷһӦǣסĲԷô
Ȼס˲ڲ˵Էֵʱ۷ȥǰ̨
סǼǡ
Էӳǰ
ȷһôɺϡ
Ųͨ1ŷĵ绰ùѰĿǵѯʡʵ֪ӵ绰Էֻұֵ̫ԡ
һϳѵСô죿
һֱϣһڲǰԷʱôҲû취һ˹µسԷ
Ѿܶûˡ
ϤУȴûɢȥ
ȥɡʩ˵
ǰ̨һ㶣ϰ壬ȷ¶ðȥ¡
ô˭ϰ廹ȥͨͰѽ
û¶ʩɫȻҪȥһˡ
ţ
Ҫȥһˣ
ʲô˼
ǰ̨û
ʩҲûйͣתˡ
-
1ŷſʱ֪ΪʲôһֺĪĸо
Էſڣʱȥһ
Ҳûʲô飬ЩôԺĹ滮ʲô
סˡ
¸һݡ
Ǹܽʱ
ҲһֱڿԼԼֵ̫ԡ
ʩһƽ̧š
һᣬ˵ĪĪǲˣұ㡣
˵һ֡
ǳ
˵ˡ
ʩվſڡ
뵽Էվſڣû롣Ϊˡ
ڿ
ʩû롣
аɡ
ҲǺҪ顣
̧֣һ֡
ƿֱ߾䡣
ſţԷڻױϴһɫĵȹġ
ƤȻǺܰףĵȴʡ
һǳ˶ģûעʩڸղţĪ˵һˣȥø
ԷΪ
žӿ˵ĪĪҴһ£һֱϡ
ʩվԭء
һûмԷ
ļʮԷ죬ʱҲǸɾһδôԸĵ·
ȻʩҲܾԷζ
ʩֵݸ߹ȥӹ
Ȼû˵ԷʶⲻĪϵζǡ
͵תͷˣһ
˰벽
㡢ôˣ
Էŵ˵İˡ
ʩѹ˵ôӭ
ǵҲǡ
ֻǾЩ⡣
ϾϲŸռ棬ڵôԸУվǰȻе㲻̫˼
Էӡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôʱһϸ΢
ǡ
ҪҰ𣿡ʩĲӡ
ܺÿǣʶʱ򼸽ټԷһֱУԴûע⵽ˡ
Է΢΢ͷš
Ѿûж˼ȥ룬Ϊʲôʩˡò£һĪĹ
ԷеڣͲú˵ôǰ̹ˡ
Ǳ
Ϊʲô⻰ţǷǡ
滹Ǳ棬뵽ϻ¡
Էʿˮϸϸ˵ҶԵġ
ҿŴˣ
ǲȻء
ԷڵĽŶġ
Ŀⶼ˳
ʩվĸǰǴʩִֻļ⽫ȦסԸо˫š
ʩͻȻЩա
Ӧվġ
ƣ̫ˡ
ˡʩٶȣá
Ȼ˰벽˵ӣͰǲҪˡ
ţ
ʲôͰ
ʩҡҡû¡
ðɡ
ͻȻԷҲ֪˵Щʲô
ڵһ
ʩ˼Ӻ˵ܺÿ
ţ
ԷĿ˳
ʵûġ
Щû̫Ӧ͵ͷ˾䡣
·Ҳǡ
Է΢΢ס
ʾ֪ˡ
ȻܵĵȸԾֻԷԼ
ԼӦ䣬ʩ͸֪һʵҪġ
Сһ²ʩҲ㵽Ϊֹ
طҲٴȥˣĿռ䱾С˾밤ôֶδҶǳˣ˴˭ڿš
ȥæˣףĿġ
á
Էٴεͷʾ⡣
ʩ׼ߵʱͻȻס
ʩΪҪʲôû뵽ЦŶ˵лл㰡
ĩ˳һ䣬㡣
ֵʱʩһ
ûˡ
ݸƽػأ
¡
ת
žડһźϵ
ԷһֱֱͦıŸҷ
ʲôǺǰһޱ飬ûʲôӦ
ԼˣǰȫһˣңȹܺÿҲˡǡ

ԷԼĲϿǡôڲӴ
пСǣƺں̰ѰĨѾɢģʩϵ¡
Ǻ
ԷʼѧӰʱ򣬾رϲļ֡
ĺܶƷйء
ʩ
һֱ
-
ҹ
޺;ƹֵĿʼ
ɫȺ볡Է˵һȥƹݡ
Էϱֳѣ˵Լϲ֡
˵ʩÿھƹæͷȥˡ
ֻô꣬һԸٻЩŤġ
Է
̫ˣ˰ɡ
ʵ˵Է£ģΨ죬رӲ뵽ʩûʲôӦԼȥƹôæ϶Լġ
ζɲܡ
ʲôŶ˾ľƹݣֲ857׺Ƶ˵ǣߡ
˵գûԷ˵Щʲô͹ս˾ƹݡ
ԷǰǿԼģƺûзǵİš
-
޵ĲƹҪ߹һʯ·
⣬ǣƿƹݵš·ˡ뵽һ硣
Է΢΢ס
ƹݰ̨ǰʩ촽ͷ΢
üЦʱرϸͰ˾ʮĸ۷Ů
ĺܶأֺš
һֱûб
Ȼ뵽ܶǰʩһκ˵𣬹ǿһ޺СƹʱĻ档
һֱź͹Ⱑ
ʮԷر̰ġ
ֱڡ
Ҳǡ
ԷȵĿ˳ʩʱ͸оˡ
û˸
ֻһֱ
ʩæûջӦ
һæˣȥкǡ
̨иʦݼˣ̨æʩʱ䵱ʦ
˵ϰ壬ܶ鶼ҪʩΪŷġϾһʼ뿪޺;ƹݲΪӯǳϲ
ϲæ̡
Լÿ˿͵⡣
ԷҸ˵ûɣ޵ϰ壬øƵģɺÿˡ
Էûӻ
ʩƯ£ʮо֪ˡ
ֱڴѧҪҵˣû˿Ժλá
ڼҪҸطµʱ˴ӾƹݵĽ˹
ĺʽװġ
ҡžƱ¶󲿵ֱ
˸о۷Ƿ
˾žƱԷЦ˵Ůɷ缸һ͡


14 
߹ʱ򣬻ûڣĪڷˡ
ĳˣҪ֪Է⼸ѣĸûСǮû棬ǰֵˣ벻ǵۡοƽͲ˵Է
ڴҶΪԷܾʱû뵽ȻһӦˡ
ð
Ƿ׷ײ졣
ƺҲû뵽ŮôϹˡ
˦˦ԴЦ˵λŮ롣
ʵˬӦº󣬺ܿԷͷԼˡ
ʵ̫ϲ˽Ӵ˸ЩӴָ
»Ǹ˵ԼǺŵļ
Ҫͼ̼һʩû뵽ҪˣûʲôӦ
֪Լ޷
ȴͼļȥ֤ʲôǿЦ
һ̣ԷԼһС
ѶĪ㣬ʼ磬ʾҲǺ⵽ôһ¶
˴ĸƯŮͬļ˷׷״˿ڡ
ŶƯŶ
⼸λúѽ
Ůѧء
˵⻰ʱ۵׷Ź⡣
Ī㣺
ΪҳǸǼõģˣõɫ
ĬĬԷ˵Է߰ɣȥϰ˵һ
ԷϣıⲻǲҪȾơ
ֻ棬ƺ߾Ϳߵġ

ǣе㲻̫˰ɣ
Ī﷭һۣǳһ˿Цݣ˼λԼѸոոˡ
Ī̡
ĪСĿȾŸĸⳡϡ׻ͳ滰˳
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ȻˣôҲúһɣ
ǰôඣ
ôˣֵøλһ
˲ƽЦ⣬ȴͱˡ
ԷʱʶԼղˣΪԼ˽鷳
Էֳ︡һ˿Ρ
׼ڸԷǸվһߵǰһ˻
˵Ⱦƣɲµġ
ѧ꣬һϸ߸ЬĨϴ촽ġҲǵһȥ857ĵϣʱԸеһ
Էһʾûϵġ
ⶼʲô顣
뵱Žȥ857ĵϵʱ⻹ĹӸأӦԡ
촽ôżô
۵׵Ц˿ģʵЦ
Ϊ׵˼⻹ܽϹģ£̧֣ʾԱӾƱ
ʱڰ̨ƵʩӸղǼߵʱһֱš
һֳ̫Լˣһ˺Ѳġ
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Щ˵񣬷ԡ
üͷ΢Ե㡣
ԷԷ
ʲôʱĵôˣ
ʩ
ϰ2203һ˵ҪǼıҵľơԱߵ̨ϰظ˵˾䡣
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ѰɼĵȻ
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Ա˵꣬ڰ̨Ⱦơ
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Աһ¡
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ȥǱ߿һùȥʩ
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Цӭûʲôܲһеģֻ֪Ϊʲô
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÷Ĵ󵨵غȣҪǺȶҲû£Ҳչŵġ
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ȻҪ棬ǾĴ㡣
ôҾƹݵϰ壬ٸеϵ
Ǿνඡ
£˶׵ġ
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Īµһ̣ǿˡ
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ȻȿеԷȷʵԷȺ׵һ
ôȲ˵Ұõ尡
һҰõ塣
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ǣ˵ľƣҡǿǾУȲ˶٣ƿþƣûİɣ
ǣеڳļ
׷Цððȣſ˺ȡ
ԽԽãԽԽá
Цš
ȴ˵ǣﲻǡ
šлл硣Сء
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á
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ٴٻԱ
ʵ⼸ˣҲʲô˾ܣǹӸ硣Ѱн壬ƽᴩװĵߵӡ
ÿܻôһΣʩҲʶǡ
ƽҲһ㣬ȥ˺
ʩ³ʲô飬ƶ
һʦ˶ߣ˵ʩϰ壬ҪȥɣϾСǼˡ
ãｻˡ

δҲ̫ˬˡ
˵űߣ˻ȥǼˮҡ
-
䶼Ѿʼ׼Ǽ˵ʱʩˮ߹ȥˡ
Ǽ˲úܹԡ
ոջһ޹ؿʩԷһֱͷ
ûʱһֱڴ
ˣԷȴˡ

꣬ӿȥ
֪ˣر
Էһ٣֪ίģˡ
ְӣһ仰Է˵
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ʩЩʲôû
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ҲͼռˣҲʱ򣬳Թ
ڵʲô飬Σҡ
˼λϰ壬ǵһֱûľơ⼸λǣҵѡͶСէģʲôλ¡
ʩղڰ̨֪û֮ǰߵİӿ
ΪǼʲôˮ֮СʩֻϿǴߡ

ҲС
ͷһֱڵŵĳˡ
Էһֱ̧ͷȥʩܸоѾˡ
ҲߵϹ˿ˣȻʶʩģΪ׵Ц
ȻŮǺŮġ
ǲȾƿԣʩϰôҲɣ
⻰ʱԷ͵̧ͷʩ
Ϊܾģû뵽˿ûԥؽð
ⳡϣ˵Ļᡣ
ҪЦӭ
ԷǣʩҲȵġ
ʩһǱʱԷоԼĳطͻȻһ¡
ⶼǳĻ
ϲԼտʼʶʱһֱڸס
ֱҲǡ
Լһ鷳
Էսģܸӡ
-
Ȼˡ
ںǱƺûٿԷһۡ
кԱʾǼȥ¥
ƹ㣬¥Ǵͨ
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¥а䣬ͨҪǰԤ
¥Ļãһ̨
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-
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ԷһֱĬ
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ŲЩǺȾأһ㶼롣
ֻ룬עˡ
ԷԼҲһί
˵ʲôˮֲСˣƾʲôǾƺȣ
飬ƫҪȥ
ʲôҲκεķӦ
ԷԼˡ
һ̡


15 
Է˵ҪȾʱѽĿࡣ
еԷأκ飬ƽȡķŽ޹ء
Ҳٺ˱Լ
лл
Ҫ
Լԡ
ûʲôҪġ
Щʶߵģʼտ˱־СھưɵԷȥϵĳȣֳԵһ档
ֻܿ죬Ϣˡ
ʩϰԶźϸ¥Ѻʲ̷ǸǰĪ΢΢ףǱյĺʴڸлġԲκպϣֱʳãҲɸݸ˿ζպϡ
һֱûȥԷ
ԷҲͷȥ
Ц⣬һֱ˵ллŮ㣬Ůϰ塣
ǳˣôûое΢
ʩһֱûȵԷ̧ͷ
һﻹǺǰһԼʱ򣬾͵ͷȥ
͵ʩҲ˾
ĿģΪͶ
˵ĳҪȾơ
ǰˣһֱͷʻǲʣ
ʩ΢ٰ롣
ֱ뿪ʱĿûʲôʻڵͷԷ˵ҪȾư
Ƿʾ䣬ǳ䡣
⻰Էһ￩һ¡
ǡ
ղǺԵ˵ҪȾƣǰôҡ
ûС
ն
ҪȾǸղŵ
ڵѾˡ
ϵıӹЦ⣬˼飬ٵⶼУȻ˳Թ
ʩ˵Щʲô
񶨣ֻ˵Ǿףλò졣
˵꣬תȥ
ߺԷŸҴ
Է㡭
ոʩϰûʱ㲻ӵİ
ƲɵǵҪƵģ
ôʩϰһ
ˣ
Է
ƺҲܲϣոǸ
ȥ̨͸͸ԷʲһֱͷҴˡ
ĪЩա
һЩ޿κΡ
ĪЦЦȥȥɣȥɡ
ֻ֪ԷʩĹҲֻ֪ඡඣΪඡ
-
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ŵĺӾ΢Ĺ⣬Է۵Ĺ⿴
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ֻҪ˵ǰǰǼҡƽ
Դ޾ȰȻʱֻǺܼ򵥵ĺԷģЩԷһֱǵá
ʼѧϰӰȥ˺ܶط
˺ܶຣƬ֪ԭÿطĺ᲻һҲǶɫģǳ̲ϣѼ񵽺ÿıǺʯͷ
꣬ʩӺ߼ÿһʯͷ͸
ҲΪǿÿʯͷԷŻȥѧӰȻ߷ţ༰ԷܹҵԼϲ飬Ϊʩһ仰
ӭ洵
Է̵΢Щ˲ëֻҪȿʼзӦ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôʩǰûе·ˣòͨҲ˵Ĳ
ûϢ
Էһ˵ʱⷢ
Ψʩǰͺʲôˡ
ء
ҺУ죬Ǿͻȥġ
ֻҪȥˣԷɻǸܣûߵˡ
š
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ܿ죬ʹˡ
-
Էų̂һᣬĪˡ
ûθڡΪĪȥԺʣûڣȾܾˡ
ȷ
԰
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ĪⰥ˾䣬Ȼ˵ǿϧղŷԱһ˵ǵԼľƣߣϰ˵ʺǺȡ
˵ʲôԷ۾˲⡣
Ī˵ûθڣ
ԷɿͼͣҲڵ˵İɣ
аɣһϣʲô˵ˣʲôҲ¡
ѽ£죬Ӳû뵽Ҳһ졣
Է
治˵ġ
Ųһһء

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ʩһֱæ
ԱѾ͵¥Ϻ󣬾ˡ
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ԱǸС磬ᣬƽȽ϶ࡣ
ϲԣû¾ͰͲİ죬˽˳ư鱨Ա
û˵ʲôѽ
˵ûʲôǵɫر׼ġߣǳʺǺȵء
ʩ
Сһ佱ı飬ѵ˵Ĳô
ֻǱʵѡ
ʩΣֻ˵Щô
ƾʩ˽⣬ԼĻ棬ûô򵥡
ԱСЦţǵȻһЩඡ
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ʩ
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ʩϣˡ
ǰʩɲ˵̫໰˰Ժʹٶ̫ˡЩ꣬ȻҶܺû֪
ʩκ飬㵽ë
Ҳǵˮ©ԲԼ˽˸顣ʵһֱȱ׷ߡ
ŮŮС
ܴرܸܿǴѣΪһԴ
̫֪Լˡ
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аɣԸ¡
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վɱֳĬ
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ԱС˵꣬ʩĿ˳ϣ˵ԣܿô

С
ӲҲˡ
ʩǡ
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ߵ˽˾䣺㶢ſ㣬е顣
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Ǻöǰ˰ɣиŮ죬˵ڡΡ
˵ҵѽҺҪ߲ߡһؿǰߡ
ʩǵã˵⻰ʱ۵
Խ㣬ҿһؿ𣿡
Ȼҵ֣û˵ڣѾ޵رˡ
ٱˣҲܻоֱӵϲ
ʩܴ
ʱѾµˡ
ǵʱҪ̫ˡ
֪ӦȥУѡ㣬ţͷػ˾䣺ԶԶ
Ҫȥ׷
ν飬һж̫ˡ
Ůʱû˵
ͷ˾䣬Ŷ֪ء

ʩӶ˳һ̡
̺һϸ̣һֵֻס磬һֵֻ
ûʲô񫡣
ֻĳû취Żһƽ顣
û֮ǰǼ̫꣬ںڰ׷뻯ˡ
һΪԼҪ飬ֻҪͷ׷ξͿˣǵʵԼ룬ԼϲʱȻʶ
ѾδйĶһ˵ĸоˡ
Էֵʱֱ˿̣ԸϣԼˡ
ֻ֪ûпܣûлᣬǵǸŮˡ
֪
Ҳ޷ȥƲ⡣
ֻ֪
˿̣
׼ȷ˵ܶǰһֱǸˡ



16 
ƹݵƶߣڴЩ㷢͵ζ׾ơԷһ˺üƽôȾƵģƿʩصظ׼ء
㲻ȾƣߵҲúȸʹ졣
ĪһЦĲɫãôòúȰ
Էÿɷ
˵úȣ
ȵһʱԷֻˡһַۣŻ˶ûκα顣
㲻ôĪʡ
Էҡҡͷ棬뱻˺顣
һûٶʡ
ԷԸҪǲ˵ģûڡԼˣȻȻͿˡ
-
ûһᣬ˾׼ˡ
¸¥ƹʱԷƳһ۰̨ûҪˡ˶٣ȴҲûȥѯʲô
ԱС۾첽߹ȥǼƹݵš
˳ӶͳһǣݸǼ˵СǣǱֹǣ΢𣬾ƺһſڸкܲŶ
õġлл
ݸԷʱǳЦ˵ʩϰոճˡ
Էûҿ΢졣
Ҳû˵Ҫʩϰѽ
Сûٶ˵΢΢ףλߡף죬ӭ´
ĪС˵С֪Ĳٰ
Է
-
ûһᣬʩŻؾƹݡ
ƿƹݾƹݵţԱС缱æϰ壬̫ˣ¥ǼС㶼ȥŶ
ʩͼͣˣǺô
ŶȻǰһ㿴ɵı飬ֲҶʲô
ʩüôа

滵
һڷ綼ˣвˣ
ʩת˰̨ѵ˹Ե˽ܶҪ㿴ŵˣеˣȻȥϢ¡
á
ô꣬ʩûп˵ۡ
ڴҵڣʲôûеʱ򣬶һͦġҲͨҲҲȵ¡
δ˵ۡ
òһֱ֧
ڽֳƣ롣
ߺ󣬵ʦʷԱС磬ǲǷʲôˡоϰܲԾ
ԱʩĹϵÿ˻ٶܵչˡҲ֪ʩΪˡ
Ǵûӡ
Ǳʲô
֪ѽԱСϷʵЦЦ
ʦһۣ̬ض֪ʲôͱˣطʲô㲻֪ġ
Ͻ˵֪Щʲô
¡

£Ƕʮꡣ
ǰ˶ǴеС죬Ⱦһͷëѧϰ֡һȱ˷ʩǣǵƣ
ǲѧһ֮Ҳѧ˵ĵ
أҲǼңʩˡʩҲΪƹݵĹɶ֮һÿ껹Ƿֺ졣
˵ȫû顣
һֱʩֻҪǹ飬ǵ¡
ʩҲҪһֱάˡ
㣬͸¶ɡ
ǣҲ㡣


ûΡ
-
ڶ죬Էú硣
˯߱ǳסںߣһҹĺԶŸ
ҹ﷭ȥôҲ˯̤ʵ
ǼסˣԷں߰˺ܶƬĵĸ첲ˣ˯ʱ򣬺ˡվںϣͣתŲӡ
ת룬ĺ߻ƯʯͷԼô
ҪҪ񼸿ʯͷȥ
Ȼ֪ʩԷ֪ڵ
кҪѧУμӱҵ磬ͱҵⳡУ֮ġ
ʵҲкܶ顣
ֻݵͣذɣطȻֱԻعƽ˿֣ǰһĵ˵ҵ֪ҺĹҵúЩʲôڹһϺռϷ磬Աѹסֻ룬ˣЩڶɡ
£Ҳա
ԹԼ

ȥϲ
ҪȥӵС
Ͳʧȥˡ
Է̾˿
̫˺ƽߣԷͷۡ
ʱߴˣ
Էһ΢΢һЩô·ûģ
ʩ
аɡ
⡣
Ǹ
ţԷܲ졣
ȻǸ
´·ŲһЩ
ԷûӻҲҪܿҪ뿪ˡԲܷʲô飬ǺҪˡ
ʲôһβһεġ
˭֪Ժء
𣿡˵ʩʡ
˵гԵģԷ£𣿡
ʩüģ
ǰԷһȥҽס
һ˯ṳ́ʵʩʺáʩһ⣬˵Щʲôߣûʲô˵ġ
ǾԲ͡
Է۷Ź⣬ΪʩԼ͡
֮ǰʩżٵʱһ˯ġͶԵˣ͡
ڣͦȥԡ
Է
˰ɣĻѽͶôԵˡûʩ˵ЩʲôʱԷȷڴ
ǰǰ˶ܣֲǲ֪
Էѿڶһ仰ʩҭԭء
ɿ˵ڣˡҲ͡ǰĳ֪ͺÿδľ͸ϢһҪ͡
Ͷθá
һҪԡ
ԣȷԳԿ
ԷЩ㵣û뵽ʱ仹ܸıһ˵ϰԡ
ӣȻʩϰô룬Ǿ͹¡
ʩ̡
СѾͷʲôʱҲôҪˡ
-
Ǻɰࡣ
ʩҵģз
ԷļʩʵԺʡǰһ¹ӵʱ򣬵Ϻȱ֮ģꡣÿζԷԸ
ԷǳԶʳˣÿζкһԡ
ǰϺǰãȻַȻĵ˵һ䣬ҲǺϲԺʣ԰ɡ
ԷÿζظôóԵĶȷô
ʩÿҲͷţԡ

ڵĺǳʩС̡
㲻öš
Էͷ˵һߡ
ȥꡣ
û£һԹþС
Թá
ҲǰһԷʱʩ˵һ仰
ÿԷҪӲ˻ҪȥʲôģûʩһԹþУȥá
ˣԹţȥϰ˵
ֱڣ⼸֡
Էͷ
˼ҷɡ
-
ܿ죬ʩͻˡ
ֻһꡣ
Է״̧ͷһãȻ㲻һ𣿡
ʩʼ磺㲻ǲһô
СԷСֹ㲻һԵĻҲǺԡ
ʩεЦЦҵ³ԣﻹзûȳԡ
ҵһ𣡡
õҵġ
Էû˵

úúãһһԡ
⻹ࡣ
˵գʩֽ˳
ԷҲ
ʩʡ
ԷԴǣһ
꣬㻹ôˣ
ʩ
Сʲôʱôˡ


17 
ɰ̣ʩȰԷʢһ롣
Էź࣬ͷĵʣʲôʱˡ
ʩݸ͸Űѧ¡
ԷŶ
е̣һԡʩ
Է˾䣬ͷ˴
ǰԶӼֻҪϲȲкʩ˵ζ
ڵǼִݡ
ζôʩʡ
Է˶˵
ʩüеܰ
ԷҪô˵
һµʩסˣҲ˵Ҫô˵Ǿøо겻ǸզզʲôҪ˵Ů񻰱Щˡ
Է˵꣬ʩûӻʶԼʲ˵ЩˡĿ⣬ѹ˵Ѿü궼ûôԹˣͻȻĳôȺĶЩζ
ʩ΢١
û˵
һᣬʩзǰԿз
Էзưܺã̲ס˾䡣
ʩڨЦܡ
Ҿ˵ءԷһȻĵӡ
ʩԵҲٵġôôõء
óԡԷ佱
ʩɫذһСĸǰԷע⵽㲻ô
ʩҡҡͷǰ̫ˣЩˡ
ˣ
ô
ʩӹ㲻ͦϲԵ
ǵǰǻᣬԷֻҪż٣һȥз˵зƽʱԲģһֻܳһء
ÿγԵʱԷر𼤶
Էû뵽ǵá
û˰Էת˻⣬ϸϸȥʩ˵Ļ
ҪȻԺΪʩΪϲԣصظŪġ
ûϰʱءʩ˾䡣
ṩ͵ʱھŵڻ磬ڳæĳʦͰһڰ˵ϰࡣڲ壬ڳ͡
ûϰʱ䣬зư
ԷôзصظԼְģ˵з˵зܽʵз⣬ûʲô֭
зƤİӲŻ֭
ܿԷԼ뷨
зưѽ⿿зһ̾Ѿ鷳ˡ
ôΪԼϲԣµȥŪ
ǰǳųͶ鷳˰
Է͵Ĺ̺ܰǰʩһԷʱ͸ͣЪԷ²ס졣
ڷʩһֱһ⡣
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ԷʵشҪȥıҵʲôģ룬ȻԼѾ֮˵ҲûʲôˣͰѻ˵ľһЩɡ
صޡ
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Եꡣ
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ԷҲǣҲǡ
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ʩ˶٣һ䣺ǰףҵ֡ϣУÿġ
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ʵʩ飬ʱķΧԡ
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ԸԼûܣǸȴ޷ֻҪ͸û취ֹˮ
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ѾԼˡ
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Էε̾˿
Ϊ޷Լڱܾ˺ѡɾеϵʽΨһһźգҲɾ
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ƽҪõǮҪôýѧҪôԼְ
ԷûȥԹʲôĸƫһֱеġ޷ȥı丸ĸΨһܸıģֻԼ
ҪȥԼ͵ԼŬ
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Ժķ羰գʼϷһЩƬýĲҲǻԵɺϡ
ȶҲʼװ
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绰ʱԷһ
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ǰ̨ǳзˣԷ绰ʩģЩʧӦ˾á
ôǡ
ˣˡ
Էʽôʩϰ绰ǰѻѹߡ
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һƬЧʺܵ͡ûһᣬ̾ʱʱ⡣
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ҲתԼע
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һ
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ĪĶܿ죬绰Ѿͨˡ


18 
˵ϰѽ
û˵ȥﰡǺðɡ
ŶŶҲûʲô飬Ǿ͵˵ɣлл
ԷֹĪ绰ģĪٿ죬绰Ѿͨ.Ȼ˵Ҫ򣬲Ҫ򣬵绰ͨʱ򣬻һϴ
绰ҶϺС²۵˵㲻Ҫɡ
˼Ҷء
Īһ
Ҳ
һ˵ѽò׼ǰϲˣӸû˼ҰϾҪѧУˣ´ټ֪ʲôʱء
ˣôһ㶼
ʩϰôƯҳֺҪǣĺаȫУ㲻ô
ԷĬ
Щô᲻֪ء
һֱ֪治Թ磬ϴǶûð
Ǳݺݵؾܾ
ˡ
ĺˡ
ԼһУǱ
ҲһģصһΣĻᱻݺݵػڵءҲ޷վ
ѡ
ѡȥԼ
Էܶʱ򣬻ǺѵõġҺܶᣬҪԼյġʱĿ㳹׵طΪʲôЩϴԼءҲȥӴκˣȥôĵطΨSС
˵ˣ֣˸оԼˡ
ʲôԭֻԼ
ֻԹߡ
Լúɡ
-
ԷûȥϳԵĺܱһֱƬĵ㣬Щ
Ī˵˾䣬ϴ˯ˡ

ԷأĪЦ˵˵Ƭˣϴ˯ˡ
ðɣȻǳȥһˣȥزʲôġ˳ԷóԵġ
Էһô
Ц˵ҿҲûʲô˼ܡ
Ҳǡ͵
ҵȥɲ⳵ԿŶ硣Ī뵽·羰֮ǰٿһ顣
԰Ҿⲻ
Ҫ˭谡ʵ
ĪЦĲ⣬ȻԸǡ
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ԷϢҪЩʲôʲôҲûлء
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ԷٴʱѾǰʱ֡
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ƹǱ߾ڴϰܲԾʱء
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Է췴ûأżˡ
ʩûΪʲô
Է˾䣺㣬һ춼㣬ȥˡ
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ԷҲûжʣһռСʣռصظ
ʩü˾䣺ǲȻأ
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ʩҲ󷽣ֱӳˡ
ԷǵЦôҲֹסţóԵġ
ʩʣθˣ
Էͷ絷⣺һγôġ
SкóԵĶɶˣֻ֮һҪʱԵġû˵ֱ̫ӣԷˣֲȷ
ĪǺóԵģҲٰҲǺޣʩóġ
ЦЦ˵ĪǵĺóԵģһֱܶడ
šԷǴ˲ٰô᲻ء
ҴŶ硣ʩת˻⡣
Էͷá
ЩĲɣȻûǾ䣬ҴŶ磬ǡ
Եֻϳȥʱ㶵˾䣺ȥô
ʩһۺ滹һɫĳ˵Ҹǰ̨ӽˣһǻǼС㲻˵ǶῪô
Է̸ʱ˵ЩǸῪ
ճʱõ˼գѧʱ򣬶ܰѼĺѧУġ
ʱԷΪֻģû뵽˼̽
ôԸһŶ磿ʩüʵ
ԷĸҲԸⰡ
ֻǶеܳˡ


19 
ԷʻĪЩš
ֶ֪Ӧ÷ϳʱ򣬾ԼҪϵȫţʩͬһܱյĿռʱȻѾЩʶˡ
΢΢ͷѹһ
Ų֪ӦЩʲôʱ򣬻ֵķӦ
ʩȫ
ޣԷæȥȫΪ̫ˣôҲ۲ϡ
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ʩֽڹǷ⡣ԷӽסһҶšžડһȫĿµ
ȫʱеϵġʩ˳ڽ͵
Էź죬ûӻ
ȫϵˣԷоԼĺʲôסˣЩͨκġǼ⻹϶еϢ
ôȥˣϵζû䡣
˳١
γⷴӦʩ̽Եʡ
ԷȥϵرʲôγġⷴӦ˵γҲְɡ
еɡ
ʩҲûټʲôĬĬ촰
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ӿúƽȣӭ洵
Էǵһĳ˸ʶǻᣬѧȻûǸ𳵡
˵һ
ֻʱȥ̫ãʱĸоԷЩ̫ǵˡ
ôƺЩʩ˾䡣
Էͷ԰
ҵֻһʩڿʾԷԼֻ
ҡֻӣ
Ȼأ
ǺðɡԷһԵֻһ¿ؼĻˡʾҪ롣
ҪȻҵİɣҲֻ֪롣ԷżֻŻȥϾǱ˵ֻ˽
û뵽ʩھͰ뱨ˣ123789ֱ룬ŸС
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ԷҪֻԼĺ롣ʩмܲס˳˼
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Դ֪ˣһֱԼĺԷ˶û취ƽˡ
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ԷȺʱ·һµصʮ̨꣬ݽ涢
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˶Է͸оദʼЩ΢ˡ˵ʲôо
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һ𳪸衣
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ʩϰ壬кſˣν㵽
ÿ˶飬Цݡ˶˵˻ΨûеԷĸǰк
ԷҲšһҲȥ˵
ߣ˵Ͳ˵
Լƾƣһһ˵÷ƵĶǺܸߣһһֲĶܿԷ͸оԼڷˡ
Ϻ̲ԽԽˣҪһϷ
Էϲ֣Ϻ˲پƣ紵еκġûߡ
֪ʲôʱʩߵĸǰ
ҪߣôҶûעʱһץס˵ȥ
ûԼԷԼ״̬Աס
һڣԷ˳ˣȻǻݰֲʩϰ㵽߲ܡ
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ţ
˵Ļ
ʩûͣɿ˵ҿͦĵģȷºʹһϷô
ʵԷҲҪߣǾ￴ʩ̸Ц۲Ϊء
Ȼ˼ҶôˣҲûʲôҪߡ
죬ߺһҲУ㿾ļᡣ


20 
˵Ŀ᣿ʩЩ⣬⼸һθʲôҪء
оǰദǿͿģеȥ֮ľ롣Ҳ鷳֮Īе֡
Էôʩϰ岻ԸⰡ
ոտǿ˿⴮ˣҪһݿֻô
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Էһ¶΢죬ֻôһġҪܾҲôû뵽ȻˬشӦˡ
Էಽտ̯ӱϣΪţȥ۾ֱֻضĿᡣ
Էһϲֵˣһ࣬͸оЩΪʩڣȺ
ר־ضſῴʩЦģЩģû˺
ǵ˺ˡ
ҪԵĶ˭ߣ
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Է
밡
ֱˣʱʩպôӾƹԷûȥֱض

ʩճƹݵţͿԷȺĻͦĵ
ԱǸе˭
ʲôô
ˡ
ʩֻ˼ֱӱˡ
첽Էڵķȥ
-
ʩߵԷϵʱؿһۣʩϰ壬Ҳô
ʩġ
Էģͷţһɡ
վұϣ
ճһߣû뵽ʩָָһߣԷߵλã˵վͿˡ
ԷûзӦĬĬ˰벽
ԼֱߵλڳպùʩվȥܸǸһ롣
ԷȻһֶû˵ķӦȴܳʵ
Դʩ˵᲻֪Ļ˵԰д󣡡
վһԵ
ʩЦЦ˵á
ԷΪϲԼĽ飬Կأû뵽ٴοֵ˵ľͲǶ԰ʲôˣǹ԰ʲô
ʩԷ͵ģСҪ᲻֪԰ʲôҰ
Էһ
Ųأ


21 
Ϸʩ侲ŲЦ, ƽЦӭͣϷʱһ档ƽһֱȵԷЦûнϻЦ
ÿЦʱ, 嶼᱾ܵؿʩ΢ľ, ĪֻҪʩ˵ʱ, ͻŶȥԼ˵ȷĴ𰸣˳һ
ʩ֪, ܵͷ
ôĵ, ֻҪʩ, еע᱾ܵƫ
ӭ洵, Էÿ˵껰ʱ, Сش
ͼѹסôضزסԳ
ֻʩûһ, ȥæˡ
֮ǰԷ, 㻹ô
Է㲻ô
ʩ˾䣬ȥȥƹݡ
ð
ȥţ
ŴҶûעʱ, ʩ, Էಽظϡ
һִͥ͵͵ȥЩʲôĸоġ
Էûоѹסļ¶ͻϲڴ, ƺˡ
ʮԷʩĸоƺһˡ
͹, Ҳڸ
-
, ԷھƹݴȲŻصķ䡣
ȵĺܾ, ʩѡ˼ûʲôľƣÿһ־, Լ֡
ʲôƺ̡ѻȸࡱÿһֶбĹ¡
ʩ˵տʼ޺;ƹݵⶼһ㣬Ϊ̫ԶˣöÿͶԸڡ˾⣬⸽ҲûʲôԵģһȷɹԼ
Լļֺν룬û塣
һصѧıҵпҵʡΪ˿һ޺;ƹݡѶˣȻ㿪ޣǻȥʲôѧ
Ȼ˴ѧӦҸһ㣬һЩĹô
һŮӣܵİУ˵õԼҵ˵㣬Լ
ͲҷȶĹҸõϹӣġһŮӦ飬ȥһЩ׵顣
Ƕʱ䣬Ҳ׺ͼˡ
ĸеϵʽҲͬТҲпϷݣеС˵ĸĻؼҿԱҵࡣ
ǵʦҲԡ
мڣɣ档
Ҳڸĸߣϡ
ЩûʵĻʩѾ֪˶ٱˡ
տʼѹΧ˶ͼȥЩ˽ֻͣǺϲӪһ޵ĸоϵر˴򽻵Ƴ˸оرܰޣÿһ˵ĺǶϿɡ
ᷢĵĿֺͿġ
СĸĽǴѹʽģʲôֻҪû˳ǵ˼ͻᱻ͵һĲֵ
̫ҪϿˡ
ƹҲΪϲƹݵķΧ
ÿƹѵĿˣɵġʩϲǺܷɺȻ̬ҲϲżھƹﳪԼĸ裬̨µÿһˣڡ
Լа
ȥķ׷š



ʩ˵˺ܶ࣬ԷûеǼ顣ÿһ飬˵ĺ赭д
Щȥѣ˵ı
ӥĳ֧
Էȫ̶
ֱʩ˵أЩô
ʱԷŷ֣ԼѾ¶١
΢΢ͷûȥǰˡ
ͦõİЩȥһ˵£ʩʲôɡ
Ǿͺáʩһ
ҹһ࣬ƹʼȡ
ʩƽôģзԱβΪԷڣҲһֱû˵Ҫߡ
ԷΪҪæȣҲһֱڵ
ƹݵŹϵһ̣ʩתͷƺҪ˵ЩʲôǵЦ˵Ҳûʲôȥ
Է죬ҪЩʲôҲֻܵͷá
-

Է˯
ԺĶԶƹڷƵĵƹ⣬롣
۵ֻʩһһϵ촽
ˡ
ԷԼͼһ˿ʩйصϢ
ʩȥȥƹݵʱ·ϣԷͻȻתЦ˵ߣҴ·ȥƹݡ
ʵƹտĵطܽҪٽ
Է뿪Լɻʩһץס󣺡ҡ
ҪԷоѾסˡ
Լˡ
ء
ǰ밤ĸ첲ܿȻû˵̫ϲӴǿԸоϲ
ҪԷӲҪҲ޿κΡ
ƾԷʲôʲôҲܾҲȻԷﵽԼĿģܻãǲԼǿ
ʩ׼Էĵ
ֻϷֻ룬ڱͲżͣ
˷ľᡣ
ҹעշתߡ
-
ԷֱҹԺ˯˹ȥ
˯ʱﻹֻҲ֪ͨ绰״ȥûС
ڶʱȫûо
ǰ̨򿪵绰ǣҪ˷ͼסĻҪǰ֪Է˵绰µġ
ԣҪô
Ҫ뿪ô
Ī˵绰ʧǵӣǸʲôŶֲǻزˡ
ԷģӦҲ˰ɡ
ϾҲûʲôٻɡ
ĪЦ
ԷԴǣûʲôɡ
úúãûʲôɡҲýʲô
ֳû׼ȷ𰸶ʶأմ˵ʶġҪǾУǾУҪǾûаɣǾûඡ
˲ô
ΨʶΨʵ
أ˶졣ҪԼ벻룬ҪҪ
Է󣬳Ĭá
ʲôҲû˵ĬĬؿʼʰԼĶ
-
˷ʱǰ̨ӺסǼóһز˵͸λϣ;ܵůͿ֡
⡢ô࣬ǵ𣿡Ƕܲ죬ǵһ˵ס޿յزء
ѽǰ̨һЦӭ´Ŷ
˵꣬һԷ
ˣﻹһݱȽرСġ
Ȼǰ̨û˵˭׼ģڳ˶֪
Է⣺ҵģ
ǵء
ǰ̨ӻû˵塣
ǿԷЦˣȻúÿСء
Է΢΢ףӹӣ˵˾䣺лл
´ټ
á
Է˿ܣûʩӰ
ҧҧ촽ʹ٣֪Ϊʲô޷ڡ
ԼĻӦûῪڰɣ
ҪԼĻԼİɣ
ǡ
ûС
˵û⣬뿪
š
ԡ
Ϻ˵ôĻʵڸͬˣǵȫһ
ҳԹЩ࣬㶼֪
ڵҲû취롣
ԡ
֮䣬Ҳɡ
ֻܵˡ

Էʵ


22 
ȥվ·, Էȫ̶ûô˵ܸоĳܵ䣬˵ûʲô, ϵĵѹ㡣
뿪޵ʱ, Ī̽ԵҪҪʩϰ绰, ˵Ҫ˰
ûء
Էҡҡͷˡ
ǹģҪ͵ĻͳˡôȵڻûӰ
һֱϲǿ
, ɡ
Է
Ƶ߰ɡ
˵, ûٻͷһۡ
˳, ʱһ, ʼ˯һֱյȭͷ, ¶ʵһ·û˯
޷ƽ
ʱ·, һ·ƽȣܿ͵ִĿĵء֪Ϊʲô, ߵʱ򣬾ʱ, ˼尾
ԷñӸԼ, ˳Ŷʱʩ͸ġ
ܴ󣬴Էͷ
Էûͷ, ֻһֱѹţʩӳҳһñӡ
˳ѹͷ, ˵ͷͲᱻˡ
Էû˵, ĬĬñѹѹ
ȴôҲ޷ѹסǸֵЦݡ
ͼñѹסԼ۽Ƿ, Ҳ޵ġǲ֪, ίڴգһ޷ơ
ľҪˡ
Ӵһô
һҪ뷨ûô
ԷһϣԿ˵һ䣬㣬㻹ٻô
ֻҪôһ仰ԷãԼôѹ
ǡ
ʲôû˵
ʲôû˵
š
-
Ůǣվس̵·һ·˳Ŷӭ´档һСʱ޵ĳͣ˳վſڡ˾ǰѶãЦŶ˵
ллʦʦˣ´һģ
ѽӦġ
˾̸ܽǰ˵˾䣺ˣҿǻزȥأSаûʲôزرࡣ´ȥ
˵ЩôĪָָڸǰһز˾ͷǰ
ЩԼġĪ˵
ţ
˾һͷˮ
Щزǰ̨˵޸׼ز

˾ɻ̽ԵʣǶΪֻҪסޣزġ
˵ѼˣͷԷ
УƺЩʲôΪ֪
ǵġ˾ҡҡͷһֱǵӯģͻͣزҪ
Щ
˾ЦЦӦϰ磬͵İɡֻôǵһμϰôء
ϰ塯ֵʱԷ̧ͷ˾ʣЩϰԼ׼ģ
ӦģߣǺٻزͻġǱȽɣϰϵá
Է΢΢üԥ˼Ӳſڣϰæ𣿡
˾ڨЦ˵ҾͲˣϰʵͦ׵ġ޸ƹݴСС鶼ҪҪӴˣнЩһŮô꣬Ҳ۵ġ
Էⷬܲζ
һҲĬ˾ֽ˼󣬳ӱ㿪ˡ
뷢ʱ仹һСʱ˽վѶźúԷƵ˵ȥһ˲
á
-

ԷŹϡ
һֱڶȦġ
˾˵ЩԷͰԼеһز򿪿˿ñºװõзһŲˡ
ԷϲԵġ
һƬ
վںߴƬ
ƬԷɢͷͷ΢΢ſԶ̫δƽ棬ԣʵ͵͵һġ
Է΢ȡ
ǴϤĺٴθ֡
һ绰ɡ
˼˵һлл
Լ˵绰֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôǷϢ˵һлл
Ϊʲô׼ôĶȴϵ͸أ
ǰһ˶ĵĺܿİǡʲô˼
ԷҪˡ
绰״򲻴
Ϣ
ԷһֻǴϤѾֻҳϡ޷˵ԼȥͨǸ롭
-
վ³⡣
һɫͣڽ䣬ֻûʲô顣
ʮӻ𳵾Ҫˣʵĳһֱ޵Ĵͳ棬ֻҲ˵ΪʲôԼȥ
Ǿ䣬㻹ٻôĻҲ֪Ҫôڡ
׵ʧ磬ϵһܶ궼ûлֻǲֻһ˵ĺ롣
Ǹ룬δͨ
Ҳ֪ǸûãϾ˼Ѿѡ˴ʧôΪһˣҪѧء
Ҫѧִ֪硣
Ҫȥű˵
ϾǰѰһˣǿ
ҪǺЩʲôǺ˼ŮӰɡ
Ȼ˵һжǸĹϵ䳡󣬿ûмҡ
ֻԼ
Ըʲôأ
ǿδô
ʩȷԣǼ򵥵ѧùϵļ¶
΢
зӦľ塣
Щ꣬ʩɫɫˡ
ԺܴݵӦԣҲ׵ЦҲȱ׷ŮŮУûһˣ׵ķɡ
Ըʱ仨ϡ
ǵϲԵĶʱ򣬾ͻһֱȥֱԵˡ
Ȼһʱ䣬ȥԡ
˷ȹЩûꡣ
ͻȻط꣬ʩƽʼʶԼΪʲôһ취ûС
Ҫ󣬾Щû뵽ģȥ㡣ĸԸġԸȥġ
ǶΪر𰡡
ĳǺ¸ҡ
޷˵سģĶ
ĽֱӺ¸ңǶʱ䣬оůͱ⡣ԼΡ
Լ˵ʲôǶԵġ
κҪ顣
ûйκɡ
ԶվߣĺҪһؿ㡣
ߡ
˵
Щʩʵûǹ
ΪһŹںܶҪֲȥҹֻҪЦͻоһжûô⡣ֻҪټּ֣еһУġ
ֻҲһɣ˵߰ɡ
㵽ɡ
á
Ҫġ
ԼӦòĪǣҲ޷õ˵ϿɣΨһõóֵģֻǼ޺;ƹݡ
ô˽Ҳ뿪ԼļҰɡ
Ҳô˽ΪԼҪռ췭ظı仯
ԣѡĬĬվߡ
֪ܲ
Ҳûйϵ
Ǹ˺ܶĺ룬ʩһһ顣
³źźܲûźš
ֻ
ĬĬ˵·;ƽҵ֡
-
ھ뷢жʮʱԷ˵Լ
ԼԤӵʱ䣬ܵ绰ûͨӣĵʱ䡣
ֻôҲû뵽ò˵ԼͨǸ绰ظģֻһ䣺Բĵ绰ʱ޷ͨԺٲ
ԡ
Ǳˣ


23 
Էġ
䶼, ʲô֮ǰ˵Ҫĺ룬ְڣ

Է, ȻҪĺ, Ǹﻹ׼ôĶȻϵ
ԷĹĵ˸, ȫùĹĵġ
ʲôǣ
ԷԽԽǰܾ̾͹ȥ, Ҳôˡʩô, ͻȻˡ
ΪʲôҪ̣
ⱾĲԣ
Ȼĺ, ͼ΢, Ȼ΢һ٣
ԣ
һҪ
ϵһֻ, ΢ŻǵǸͷID, һֱûб
ûԥϵˡ
֮ǰε, ÿζϵһû취ټˡ
, ûԥ
һ
һҪ΢, Ȼúøۣʲô˼
ʲôǣ
Է, Թء
ǶԷٳûͨ
Է͸΢ʱһһֱڵͨ
Է, 㻹ðɣսȭͷ, ̲סʵ
û£ԷĹĵġ
˾Ӳë
ĪһЦôŶ, ȥһ˲ôоҪһ˭˰
ԷĹĵί, ˭۸
Ī̽Եʣôʩϰص绰ˣ˵ʲôˣ
Էһ˵ִЩûеŲҴ绰ء
Ŷ
ԷίңҸ绰ˡ
Īֺǵǲͦġ
ԷһۣԼ绰Ҳ۸˰
ʲô̼ˣĪЦ⣬˾ʣˣЦˡôûнӵ绰ô
ԷšŲ˵
Īµòûнӵ绰ɣӦð׼ôĶˣӦҪ˵ллѽڲ绰ɣͼʲôѽֺõġ
˭֪ͼʲôԷ߷߲ƽߺߵ˵ҵ绰ˣ

һԹϵı顣
Ȼ¶
Ͷ󣬻˸ˣ
ɲô
Է߷߲ƽ
Ȼһ΢ţڶûͬ⣡ʵʱֻ˰СʱѣԷȴú
⡭
еѸ㡣
òʲôɣæֻ˷ģʽ˵źŲõĵطЩпܵİɣѽҾʩϰ岻ˡϸţ
Īͬ˵
Էʱɣ̫ʶˡҾʩϰ㻹Ǻܲһģп϶ʲôᡣĪ˾䡣
ʲôᰡ
֮䣬΢Į
Щһֱ֪
ңﲻһˡԱ˲źأЦġԷڵ΢ƽһˣֻҪᵽʩֿʼû취ƽˡ
Ц
ѽԡٵȵȿҾÿ϶Ī㱣ԼĹ۵㡣
Ȼżദϸ֦ĩڵϸ滹ǿԸо˸֮΢
ҾþġԷƶ
ǼģЦ˵
ģԷü⻹ܶģʲô
ЦζҶأʩϰ尡϶ûаڣң϶Ϊ㣬ԲûġҾӦʲôԭȻҲ֪֮Ƿʲô룬ֻҪվһ𣬷žͲ׵ġ
ʩϰǲ֪㣬ǻǺ˽ġ

⻰˵ġ
Էҿ
ǰϲʩ¶ֻĪ˵ˣĪˣʵԼ˵飬һҲȥ˵ġ
ô²⣬ͨ⼸ദԼֵġ
֤Ǽ㣬Է
ҲͶһƱ˵Ҳãʩϰ岻ˡ
ĪûӻֻǵͷЦЦ
Էͼ˵ǣǲҪƭ˰ǸˣʵʱĮġֻǲ֪ѡ
ǲôŶֻܵ¡ЦúܿģأҶëǮѹʩϰҲе˼ģ֮ʲôҲ̫ҿԿ϶ǣè塣
ţԡ
è塣
ǵġ
Է
Ȳ˵ص׼زɣԷԼʩϰʱǸ̬һˡǰǷǳȶģĸǰŶͱһˡ
ԷҪ
Ҳ֤ݡ
ֻƾǼ˵Ҳûˡ
ɡ
ʼðɡ
-
Է˵ԼһȥϢ
϶Լص޵ģԴ΢źԷؾͻ㿪΢ţûкͨϢ
ÿεȥûϢ
ͻԼһ飬
ôɾ΢ڼӻҲ΢ϢģҲ
ǣ
˺޵
ǣ
μ΢ţŲҪǰԵأ
ߣ
Ϊѵĺˣϵû취һ١Բȥ΢ţΪһġ
ڡ
飡
ֻǣ˼ҺҲûͨĻᡣ
ѹûаһ¶
Էŵţֿʼ˼ˡ
鲻Ĺ滮Ԥ֮ڣͻֲ²⡣ĪĽǣˡûԷϵʱеʲôϵɣֻǲǴ˼ˡ
һ˼ӷô죿
ʱȻֻ˵˼仰ϷѾ˰˰ٱ顣
-
Ǳߣʩһʱ䣬ȷѾϳ˵³⡣
һ·ڿȥһ˺ׯ
ȥ˺ׯȥгһȦȥ˺гٿûбĵطȥɡ
֮š
Ӻƽȵʻ³⣬ʾշʮǮ
³շǮһСʱѾͣ˿Сʱˡ
Ҳ˳վɡ
ûźŵʱʩһʶԼ֪ҪЩʲô
ֻܵȡ
ʱȥ
ԭһˣ
-
ֱ̫ɽ
ԷǼ˳صѧУʩҲæ飬ޡ
ȥ˼ϻˣ޺;ƹ⣬ʩҲбͶʡ֮ǰɵĻǺƷأоׯһЩ඼Ǹ޺;ƹйء
Σһ飬Ҫϻ￪һӰҡ
ǩӰʦмʦױʦЩԽһЩ⾰ǻĵĶУҲһгġ
ʵʩѣ֮ǰ͸顣
һֱû⣬ΪһЩԭÿԿǿ
̸˲һ磬ûôȥֻ
ֱصޣпտһֻ΢˺ܶϢû˼ȥ
˾һæʲôԺԡ
æһ죬Īúۡ
ֱ΢ҳϣһѵ룬˵ID
˲䣬·еƣ붼Ѿɢ
ûסЦЦͬͨ롣


24 
صѧУ, Էͽչģʽ
˯һôҲ˯ţֻôŶʼƬĪǱ, Sл, ǾͻԼļˡ
ֻԷƽҲô˵Ļ, ڵᣬܰ
ճڶԪȻѧרҵС, Ȥǿ, ʵе, ûʲôϵ
ƽҲС͸һ, л˵ʱ, Ͳ仰, һ㶼Ǹ͵öࡣûлʱһ㶼Լǰ, Լ顣
һֱ̫ϲ˵顣
侭ĵϻرĪ˯߱Ƚǳ, ʱᱻ, ûмʱͨãദľеŤԷо֮ദѹһ˽¸˵, ҪȻְɣôȥҲǰ취
ǻһԼĿ, ˵Ҳ̫, ˶ǵ, ֮˿ڣ˵Ҫ, ǿԵģԸ⵱ǸСΪҪͺá԰ɡǵ˶ûҪͺõǸ˼Թ߲Ҫȥ͡
˵ǵļ룬Ǹҡ
ԵĪǶؼҺ󣬸˽עһԷ״̬ʱҲܾˡ
ֱӵ˵ԷԼԵġҪ˵Ҫҵ飬˵һڡûпڣҲȥʡԼ㹻Ŀռȥ
ȻҶ˵ûдڸеġ
ÿһЩʱûʲô뷨ʵÿ˶ĽֱӺ͹ϡ
ҲΪܵš
黹ǰ飬飬Ǹ˶ܵӲϡ
ԷʹĿʲôô
Ц˵ȻԼĶĳˣҲĳ־СҲ˵ѪҶԾʲôģûôߵڴֵɡ
Է󣬺ȻʶԼΪʲôôذʩеϵʽɾΪеڴϡ
Եʩûмʱʱ˵ͱˡ
еڴȫ˿ա
һɺͷС
ҲԼ˭ˡ
Żô˵ذеϵʽɾͼһԼ
տʼܼЧ˵ʱٴԨ
ֱڡ
ƺҲ
SлһֱѧУе˼ʲôʱͨĺϡ
ΪʲôԼ飬ƽϸǧٱ顣
Ҳ֪ϵƽֻҪһĺͨٳûе
Ҳ֪ǵ˶á
飬ȥˡ
һ˴ǰƬҲûʲô˼
һֱֻܰҪصᣬ״̬һ˰ġ
ԷǰİΪһֱѹƺͿԼ
ƽͣĴڶƽ͡
Է˼Ӻ󣬿ڣݶ
Ⱥ֣ӦԼ˵Լ˵һֱĬͲٺˡ
ΪԼϾصʵ
˼ӣתͷţʲôںô
Էͷ
ô𣿡飬Ŀ⿴Է
Էʱô
᲻⻰Է֪ԼӦԼһ̿ʼͲڴŲˡ
еѽ
˵
Էӵľ룬ô˿
ǣҲ֪ԼΪʲôһֱ侲
ѿڶʩϰһֱûͨĺ룿
Էÿɷ
˿ʱ䣬Ӧÿ˰ɣҾá
ʲô˼
ٵȵȡҾæ㿴ǼǣæʱʲôʱùֻˡԲԡ
Ҳ֪ʩϰ֮䷢ʲô飬Ӱ쵽㡣̫ʶزˡ˵̫ûаȫˡܺʧȥ
Էû˵
ദôˣȻܶ鶼û˵ܸо
Ҹ˽鰡أӦöһʩϰΡ
ô˵
ҪŸӴǸˣġֻÿ˵ı﷽ʽһ˶˵Լ˶ģеˣǲ̫ϲ˵ϸڵж
ͺñʩϰ壬һ˿ޣƹݣ⣬ʹһжǿˡˣͨı˵ĸࡣ
ҳĸҪ׬Ǯѽÿ˶ֻġ
Ҫһ㡣
˵һ㡣
ԷĬ
Щһֱûȥ뵱˵ദģʽ
ʲô鶼ǼȥģӰʱ΢һ㡣
ʱʩʶеһƹ⡣
ԽԼеϣԼṩֵΪֻҪϵͻܿġ
ǡ
ûмҪԼϢͻʧʧһ춼ġ
ʱ򣬾ͻСҪԼ
ȴˣҲԼ
ԵûдﵽԼԤڵʱ˾ͱ÷ǳꡣܱۡ
Ҳúܼˡ
ڱǰģΨʩǰ
ܳһʱ䣬֪Ϊʲô
ؿʼԼദеڴϣع鵽Լϡ
һЩ鲻ôͼƽϡ
غһ㡣
һֱڡ
ٴκʩطֻûʧ״̬ƺֻˡ
ԼҪ飬ûа취ƽ͵ȥ
ĪĽǸУֻˡ
ʵһЩҪôߵڴֵԼһЩûĳ飬ǶԷûзڴҲûйϵÿ˶ԼҪסԼˣһ˽˿ռ䡣
ˣٹܺԼûйϵ顣
Ϊ״̬ͻúܶġ
һԷඥ
ô飬ƺѾʼµһ̡
лл㰡
ʲôٶ˵һ䣬ͼĹϵǲǲ̫ð
á
Էͷһֱ̫á
ȻҶѣʵԷٻʹ̸ġ
ʲô飬Լ˭Ҳ˵ġڣ˵ʱҪѵİˡ
ԷҪ˵ЩʲôʱֻͻȻ
Ĳ˲
ʩϰæŶ
ԷЩ̫룺Ӧãǰɡ
ǲǵģ㿴һѽЦЦҼ˰ææġ
ԷתɫѾ֪ˣڵҪˡ
һˣԸƽе㡣
-
Էס˺΢š
˵æˣ
ͨĺѣͣһֱæ㵽ѧУ
ԷҪϢԼڶ
ʱ·һ»صǰ˳ϵʽ
ڵ˺ܾúͨĺ˶Ҫˡ
ּΪĺܶﶼˡ
Ǹˣʼջ
ĺͿֵ
Ҫôأ
ܻǸ֮ǰ˵һйɡ


25 
Էֻ˺һ, һֱŬƽ
ʼռǵǰռϵʽʱ˷ܵһŸ˺ܶϢ
֮ÿһ˵ϵġ
žһͨ˵, ʩ˵ЩʲôԷһֱڲͣ˵
Եʩ˵Щʲôʱ, ԷԼرûϢֶڶ
һ
䵭ػظһ仰, ԼϢ̲סÿһ뵥ظ
Ȼصǣ, ѧУˡ
ȥظǰ˵ǾҸղæ, , û, æ, ҪעϢ
ظˡ
Ŷ
еû˵ˡ
Էƺͨ, 𲻾ǰŵǿ, оѾͨڡ
ͻȻеˡ
ɣ
ԣ
ΪʲôҪ
ʩǵ׼һݳԵ
ԷSдЩϵĵ, Ҳ˲߰
-
ҹ
ƹݺæ
˼Ϲ˿, ʩˣһǷɣʩ̸Ŀ
ںͧġ
޿, һƬ˽˺ʩ缸Ͷ, һֹġ⼸һֱҲֳһЩƷĴֻҲС
ÿͺʹֻ޷һƬ, Ϊ˽˺, ÿͶ벻Сһʷںάϡ
ߵľɫҲһƬѴ
ߵÿ, ⸽ٻ޿һ顣
мܣͶߵĺ򿪷ʩ֮ǵĹ˿Ҳƹ
ʩҲò
ǻԣ绹̸һӰҵĿ˳ĻҲԿϸĵĿֻͻøһĹģܻúҵһǰȫԵ⡣
ʩǸܣʮңҵġ
ҲʩƷ˾Ŀͻÿ캣ʺ϶ǹ˾͵ġ
ǱȽ˽ʩģ㵽ȫ
չ˾ǱأҲȥ̸ģȫϵ϶Ҫﵽѡʵ׼ĿһгǼҲɷɡѰʲôģΪԼıݡڲرк߻ôǸӰһǰɣأṩټϺߵɫҾгͦġ
⼸ܣ϶Ǯ
ʩﶼ˵ĿʩҲ֪һ϶׬Ǯ˵ӡ
˭ü棬νݺܴؾ
Щҵгɵˣ˭ûݺݺࡣʩﻹġ
֪ʩƢ
ҵ
ʩͷ˵еȷʵһͦõĿɣͷҸҲһ죬ȻߵļϻҲһ¡ûĻǼһ
ǵȻѽ
˵ģʩҪæ飬ûټˡ
˾ƹݣͨһ绰
绰Ӻ󣬶Է
ʩ˵˯ô
Էأûô磬ôˡ
ʩŵ绰˵һ£иµĿܸܲ
Ƕ˵ôϰ尡ҪǿϵĿԸġ
ʩͷЦЦ֮ǰɡ
⻰˵ġ
оͦæһʱûˡ
ôʩˣ
˵Ц
ⲻʩһֱҵĻᣬ֮١
ʩ
˵أһˡ
ٹʱɣڹء
ҲСԼעⰲȫ
ʩٵң
ʩ
С
Ͳȥ绰
ÿζᱻ٩һ١
ʩ˵Է˸ԭЦع͹ȥԹԵһȥඡ
ʩ
˰
ʩϰ壬δҲ̫䵭˰ɣÿͨ绰̸ֻ⡣
ǲȻأ
ĵĲУ
ǲеġ
ˡع˵
ޡ
绰Ҷϡ
ʩεҡҡͷ
վں߳һ侲һƺ뵽ʲô
¼Է΢ˣ
˵ҳ滹ͣԷĻظϣղһֱæûʱ俴ֻ
ȥһȦɼ
ͼһƬɫ
ʩ⺣ͦģϸϸһⲻ޵ĺ
СʲôʱĵģĵĻͦġʩͷ϶ͬʱͼķ˸ޡ
ʵʩѾرȦܳһʱˣȦͼͷһֱûл
Ҳûʲô̬
Ҳûʲô
κ飬
˿һرȶˡֻһSߴҵٹ˵ġ
ҲԹٿͿġ
еίҲԼʽ˶

Է˵ЩֻЩıɽһǡ
ȻƲ¶ʵܶ겻˵ĻԷ֪ͼԼȥľס
ò˵ʩǰ˵СĻġ
Ҳ˵СĻɣӦ˵˼ġ
֪ϲзư컹ûзưˡΪ˼ϣ˵ǰ̸Ūġ
ЩزҲǰһͳȥˡ
¼޷סϾ˲ɢҪôúõ
޷ܡ
ѡӱܡ
ɾԷ뿪Ȼʶ˶ˣʲôʲôˣһװĿѿ
˵ȥЦˡ
ʩԼ
-
Ǳߡ
ԷһֱڵϢ
ϢûȵԼķ档
ʲô˼Ŷ
ϢأȥȦ
뵽⣬ԷͻȻʶǲǻʲô¶
㿪˵ҳ棬ž¼֡
Ȼҿôң
Ϣȥʩûء
ԷЩˣ
˲ϢëҪĵȥ
Ϊʲôϵˣ߻ֽţԷΪʲôô
ѵû
ǶԼûоԿԣ
Էҧгݡ
а취

Էֻһԣʼߺ
Сʱʱ䣬ҪǻңҾͰڣ
-
Сʱ󡪡
Է׼ʵԼղ˵Ļʱֻˡ
һĪǵĺ롣
ȻûбעǸѾġ
ԥ˼ֺ
Էڵһ仰û㣡
ʲôԷû
Էظ˵ûĺ롣Ҵ绰ʱӦźŲáڵ³⡣
Ŷ
㲻ҪŶôܻҲġ
Էôо⻰ʲô
飬Լ¡
һ¡
ʲô
ֵԷô˵ˡ
Էʲô顭
š
ûʲô
æô
ǰƹ˼ͻ̸һĿ
Էһ²֪Ҫʲô
ҧҧ촽
ʵ˷仡ģö֪
ԵͻȻû˵ʱ뵽ǰ˵ģڵ³⡣
³Ⱑ
ǵûе³Ⱑ
ղ˵Ҵ绰ʱڳ⡣ĵ³Ⱑ


26 
ʩĬ˼Ӻ, أĵ³ѽ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôǺ֪ѹ롣
ޡ
ð, Ϊǡ
ȻԷĻ, û˵, ת˻ʣԷû
ʩЦ˵ôˣȻԹѽ㻹ûԣ
ҲԹѽ
ûʲôԼ˵ˣ
е, Էߺ, 㡢æ¡ҾͲ
ʩΪǱҲ, ˾, á
ʵ˵һ, п, ҲûæһЩġѹںڣôҲ˿ڡ
ǡҹ˰
š
Էﻹкܶ໰Ҫ˵, ֪ΪʲôԷ˺, ѡ˵绰

Īꡣ
鷳, ʵʵ˼ҵĵ绰ˡ
ʩϰ塱µĳƺ
ƺеˡ
ˣ
ˡ
ɡ
ֻֿʲôʱټҲ֪ء
-
ҹ
Էշתࡣ
ôҲûа취ƽ͵˯
һֻҪһ, ˯õˡ
òϡ
Ÿ뿪ûãѾʼˡ
Լһ͵Ļ, һںɢ, , ʱ򣬿Լ
ǡ
Щ뿪Sк, Ϣ绰úݳء
οǼ
ԷԽԽί
Ͻӵĵ绰Ѿ޸ıע΢ŵıעûиġ
Ҳʩϰ壿
е̫ˡ
Է˺ܾá
ɾɾһ֡
š
ˡ
ֻϮ
-
ֱ٣˶ûôϵ
ԷææűҵĵĴ磬æźͬѧǳɢﷹ
ഺ·һ̶
ѧʱƺҲԲľš
ԷЩ꣬һߵڡ
ǿһֱ֧һֱΪԼܣʲôԼ
ԴӸʩطоԼĵĴ
ֻҪڵĵطʲôԲʩе鶼׵
㹻İȫС
ԷУѰ˸ϸڡ
ʩǡÿ԰ÿһĵ㣬о⣬ںûбԡ
ǰԷоԼͲֵ顣
Щûи꣬ǿЩϸĻ䣬ͦڡ
ԭΪһжʱ£õ˸ƽ
ڼ˲䣬ЩȥͼҪУµĺۼ
Ƶᡣ
-
죬Է߳ңһУ԰Īۡ뿪ǰµµĴʦͷϸķʱǾһԱл
ʱͻȻʶڴһ̣Ĵѧ꣬Ҳ͵˽ˡ
ġ
޷ıʵ
µ
ǡ
µӦأ
ȥSʩô
ʲôʸأ
Ī
̫˰ĻϢġ
˶֪ҪѧҵˣȥʱǾһֱںԷ˵ҵĪǵһʦ߿Աҵࡣ̫Զˣ治ȫ
ڼʲô鶼Ӧһ¡
ԷûӦ»
ңӸʱѾʼˡ
Ϊʩĳ֣ڵ֪ʲôӰɡ
һֱǵãĪʱ򣬸ĸϵЦݣöôα
һֱں˵ԷܿصѧǶǽúðǵĹ͡
ȴȫˣԷԼģҹڱжȹźЪ˹ҹʹޣϢܣЩֻҪһĹ
ȫֻԼ
֡
һ㶼֡
ɸĸȴӹúܺá
ʳǣѧ
Ůѧûʸ㰡ڸв֪
ӦҪлĸĸô
ṩôõԺ󣬿ɵúúТĸĸ

Ļкܶࡣ
ԷѾϸϸȥ׷ʲôˣֻ֪Щĸĵܵ˵
ܵܵƤȻ
ء
СͱҪ¸ĸĲףҪҷֵѹˣҪеΣС¡Ժ׬ǮˣҲҪТĸ

ǰ
·ͱĸ˰ϡ
ÿһ·Ƕͼŵװף˵Ҳϵһ⣬ô᲻ءһ룬ȥϴˣظˣҪô
ܵܵ·˳Ҳһϴˡ
ĸͻPUAʽĵ̣ʲôΪŮӣΪʲôôϴᣬԺô죿Ų㡣
ܳһʱ䣬ԷԼĴڣһѵͶ
ĸ֪ϲӰֱڶڷڰܼҡ
ԷǵԼֵһΣ꣬Լļְһ󣬸رȫȥԷ֣µظǮǼģְ׬ġ
ϲӰ
ҪѧӰ
ĸ˵ڿʲôЦǸʲôʲôԼְģȥѧȥ򹤵Ҫôϲ򹤣ɴ಻Ҫ˰ʲôֱȥ򹤰üûǮˡ
׬ʲôǮ㣬ǵͬ
ָıһͨ󣬼Էܲ˳ƾҪȥ
ƽô˵Է̡
죬Էı͸ģоԼؿϣһΪĵ
˺ѷεؿޡ
Ъ˹غУøһԼίѹ˵ܵĲƽĴۻԹޣĵкͶʧ
Щˣȴ赭д˵ЩʲôԹۣ׬Ǯǲۣ͵ܵܣǲչһ¼ôˣչһµܵܣôˣ
ίʲô
ѵӦ
Էϣһ죬ǵһֻϡ
ãԼһˡ
һֱļˣҲϣõǵϿɣһδΣرĻȥ㡣
ֻ֪Ҫǵͷ˵һãͻƨƨߣĸԸе鶼áȴһַʽǳ˵ȥ㡣
վڵµƸߵ㣬ȥ°㡣
ΪΪһŮӣҪؼ㵽һ䣬͵ýˣӡ
ͲӦУν롣
Ӧȥ׷Ρ
ҪҪɣȥ
ܳһʱ䣬ԷҪ״̬
һֱԼûмңĴƯóķ羰ľΨóˣΪںܳһʱԼһˡ
ݽ顣
ڵϡ
ЩˣǱˣЩЩѪԵϵȴûиˡ
֪ԷҪѧҵˣȸϴ˵ҪĪǡ
ҽչ˼֪ﻹӰΣͲͣطԷѾظƽԼĵĴʱ˵
ѧУǱ߷żٺϽסܽ顣û
ԷSʱ״ĵ绰ûȥӡ
ױ㷢Ϣô˵
Է̧ͷ˿ա
ͻȻʩ˵һ䣺Ҫҵǡ
޴ȥ


27 
, Էסˡ
ٴαܾҿڡ
ֻ֪ҪǸ绰״̬ͻúܶ, ѡԼĬĬܡ
ֱҵǰ, Էǰҵƻ, ȶˣվ¥´磬һίӿͷ
, Īﵽ˼㡣
֪ΪʲôͻȻ˫, վڷ, ǳǳЩ

, 롣
Էֻֻ, Ǹĵĵ绰, Ѿֻҳ棬ĿԲȥô
һûӵ, Ǹϴһ޷ͨء
Ҫôأ
˼ҷɡ
һ¿϶һǷ񶨡
ˣ
붼, ôʲô
ཡ绰, ҲԷûôŹӴӻ˻ҡ
ʮ󣬻Ǵ˽״̬
ѵ绰ϡ
ˮĪۿ
ɡ
˵, Ҫȥ绰ġ
Ӳġ
ں˰ɣԼһ̾͹ȥ, ڸѹˡԷĨһ, ؿڶµûš
ﰵ, ´Ҳ绰ˡ
ҲҪȥϵʱ, Էĵ绰Ȼ˹
Էһӻˡ
ص绰ˣ
Ȼص绰ˣ
ǡҪڽô
˵Щʲô
˵ô
ǡ
ԷӸˣҲᵽɤۡ
֮绰Է˵Ǹոæûֻô𣿡
ôһ仰Էʲȫίͻңƺ˲ȫɢˡ
Ȼе˾һ
û¡Էúƽʩ̫˽ˡ
һ¡
ʩ֪Ǹأ飬һҪԼԸ⿪ȥ˵Ҫʱ˵ĻҪһֱȥʡ
ǻġ
ʩתһʣѧУ鶼æˣ
ȻʩѾҵܶ꣬ɻǵǱҵıңе鶼һ
ţˣĸҵʲôģϾҪ뿪ѧУˡ
ǽʲôôȻؼһǡ
Էû˵
Ǻش⡣
Ҳû£롣ʩҲоˣûٹʡ
š
ԣôˣ
Էӣûʲô鰡˶٣˵ϵǱҵƻᡣ
š
˵ƣʡ
Էÿɷ
ûȶɣ
ûС
ǻô
ҲûС
ʩĬ˼ֺӺ˵ǣ
㲻Ǻæô
ʩЦЦ˵ڲæ

ʱ룬ϵˣֲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôˡ
ûϵӣԷÿ춼ȥȦǰһֻҪû¾ȥȦͷ
ҪЩʲôϵĻ⣬նѡ˻ҳ档
ȻֻԸƽЩ롣
Ϊ̫һˣܺϵϣԵϵϵʱһʱ䲻֪ӦҪ˵Щʲô˵˵²˵Ρ
ǡڸ˰죬ԷŽ˵Ļ
ʩЦںͨ绰ѽ
Ŷ
ǰ׳ôôʳ⡣
ԷԼˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôǰпʲô˵ѧУʦİԣҪ˵
ǰǺĵѻ˵꣬Էÿһ飬лӦֻԼĺ١
ԵԷ֪ʶ̫ʱе㲻˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪĸо
ǾڵĹϵֵֹģ˵ĵӱúСˡ
ܶǰ飬ڷȥˡ
һĬ
Էѹɤ۵һ䡰Һ㡱ʼûпڣһ˵оǺûʲô˵ˡ
𣿡
Ҿǡ
ҲҲðɡ

л˵ô
Էա
ҪȻһǹ˰ɡ
ԷҲֱ֣ڻǺܱŤӲĪ˵¾Ӳ
ûһ䲻˵˵ĶǺ
㵽ᣬٹҰɡʩû˵ãǾ͹ҵ绰ɡҪ
Էûӻǿĵġ
ҪǸղŵ绰͹ˣ϶ƺһᡣ
򶨵ʣȷô
Ȼ˰˾ƣһ档òáÿκԷʲôʱ򣬶رᡣԷû취ܾ
á
-
һ·Էֻ
Ѿܶûб绰·ˣΪҲˡ
û뵽˾Ȼܺǰһ
ûкæô
æѽ
ôпսҵ绰
Уϰ尦ôһ绰ʱŶ
Էֲ˼ģǸ¶ˡ
ûϵİû˼ֻ˵ôܻһֱæԲԡܻпеʱѽ
Է֪ʵʩæĿ϶ʱôһ˲䣬Ҳ
˵˵
˵ʲôԡ
´ŵ
ҵæµҲ֪ġ
ÿҪϵʱҲֻ롣
ֻû뵽ʱԷȻ˵绰ĵȸԾǿʼ֡
һֱԼػϲú˷ôѹס
ʩվںߣһֱĵ˵صˡ
Ź˵绰տʼЩнϾܶûͨ绰ˣ䣬վغ˺ܶࡣ
ҵ绰ʱʩͻȻ˽֣Է
ÿζֱԷҲϰˣϴ˽ʱ򣬿ǽеԷŶ
ôˣ
㡢ó𣿡
ôͻȻˣ
Է˶٣һʱûϻ
ϴҿģרҵӡ
šԷʵʵǸң̫ܲóҡ
ʩˡ
ûѽҾʡ㵽ǰɣҹҵ绰ˣ
ʵҲʩҪҵ绰ǸղԷ˵ˣҲ˵ˣġ
ⲻǲòˡ
ԷҲֻ˵á
˵绰ƿţ˶ˡ
Ī䶫ʰò࣬˴̣ٸס졣
һҵҪټĺˡ
ǼԷˣǰԷ㻹ðɣ
ĸһģ¥µʱԷ˵Ҫ¥Ѿơ
Ҳûкһˡ
ѧ꣬ԷһĲ࣬˶ġû˭Ƚǡ
һʼΪƧ֣ؽӴ֪ʵ鷳
ڡ
Էأû°
Ҿ¥͸͸ʲô顣
ûи绰˰ɣǰԷĵ绰챻ָˡûһֱ򣬽˾Ϳʼ
ָԷơ
֮Ϣ
ûء
ҲǹġĪ²۵
ԷֻεЦЦÿɷ
˵ҪȻٺȵɡԷǵͷģͻȻ̧ͷ˵
ͻȻ֡
˾ƣҸ绰ˡ


⻰תùͻȻġ
ܺܿؽϻ԰ٵտǴ
Էһ֪ԼʲôҪ󣬵ÿֻҪʲôߵ˴ûй񶨡
ţ


28 
, Ἰĵ
ÿ϶ŲΪ֪ĪȻǸҲ, С͸㹻, ʮĳ, ͸һĳ˵ø֡
ʮ꣬ĸھƵ, ʮĿ, һһ, ˴ӵš
յ, , ڱ֮Цӭ
ıһ, Ư󷽻˵ҶĽӵ˺ܶⱲӶ޷
˵, Ǻܶ˵յˡ
Щ˿ԿĶ, ڵ

Ҳǲ֪, ʵĸĸرȶõʱر, õʱ򣬸Ļ, ϡ
, ĸ͸Źˡ
žһȺ֯һ, жӵĴӣŮĴŮ, һμһʲôȻһԸʶԷŮ
Ʊյ
Ц
Щʱ˵磬ýǮͼ滻ġ
˭Ҳ֪Цݱ󵽵ǣô潻ŮĴڣһס
ǳؽһܴһԭҲΪԸṩ档ǺĪ֪ģ˵ڶҲǣϵ顣
ĻӦöǼź˵ġ
ûԼѡȨҲпܵģҪģЩĸҲ滮
̫
һ۶ԿͷĴѧҲûпǹЩİĶĸĸû˵ȨԾͷĸṩУѾ󲿷ֵˡ
ֺαȥء
ô
壿
ĪεЦЦʲôѽν廹ЩͨͥСҪѵһЩĶԼаˡ˼ͥɳСûЩҵкͼء
һжҪع鵽ϣǮ
ǮʲôˣûǮһСǮκ飬ûġ
ΪԶһ㣬ط־ԸͼȥǸṩϵĶ
ܴ
ΪԶӲĸġ
־Ըǿ˿ϵͳģĵֻдصĵַûӰţͣϵһԴɡ
Լ뿪ˣҲνˡ
Լѿʲôء
ǵİţվǵļ磬ܱȰԼײͷƤѪĸðɡ
ÿ˶һӵ
Īڰ˵ѽңҶǮǶءʲôȱҲõҲǱ۸ʵıȴ󲿷ֵ˶úܶˡ
ûɣҲȱǮǮʲôء
ҴСûԹʲô࣬ԺȲҲڵţΪǸġ
ôӵνɰ
ÿһжӦ
ʱ򣬾رĽԷһֱԼҪԸ飬¸ҰңƺûʲôҪ顣ﰲžͺˡⱲӿԼܶܶʲô
ԷٱһرĽǣʱôеء
ͨͥССûˣİƺҲûСֻܿԼƴǰߡûĿԡ
ͣͬ
ĪڱأﶼģĻĹ˾ʱҲпĿԼﰲѧС֣ΪľԺ̸Լҵ⡣
ǴС׵гԶҪΪȥźĸĸṩ֮еĵ
Զȥӿĳˮ
䵭Ц˵˵Ұֻұ𣿡
⡭
˵
ǼǻǼҵǺԼҵġҰֵƢر⣬أҰһҵҲƢȽϼģҰദʱ˾ԣÿ춼ڳȻǰǻǻӵģһ͵ʱ򣬾Ϳʼץˡ
ʹ£ʲô鶼Ӧġ裬ֱȽǿƲ̵ģ˳ʱ򣬼˾͸趯֡Сʱ򻹴Ҹҵء
ͰЩҸҵܵϡ
Ժ̸ʲôģʾ͸Ͻ֣Ը棬ֻҪһ㲻ʣֿҲŲνĥϣǶһЭϵ⣬Ĳˡ
ҲΪ᲻þţöԷԼðͼһ㣬;ԼȥίĻԼ
һֱڶãκһθ飬ҪԼĵߺԭֻҪǶιϵ㲻ˣҪκεԥϽܡ
˻ҪԼһ㣬ҲҪȥƽЩʲôܹбףϻû˭ʲôеġ
Ĭ
ŮĹôҶԡ
Ǵûϣ飬Ⱥ˵УѣʱУԸʵġ
ԭĽЩˣǵϣźܶĲΪ֪
ʱҸĪĪ죬˵رĽܰʱԼϣԼͿռ䡣
˵һǻأһ̫ˡܶʱҲ̫ҿ˵
ֱӵؾܾ㲻̫ԸܵһЩ飡ǶŮģ
𣿡
԰
Ƿ׷ϣܺ𣿡
Ī佱УֱӾܾŮĺǾûа취
ڨЦţûӹ
˳ҹĵ
賿㣬Ѿ꣬Էվ¥ݿڳ̡
ûʲô񫣬١
ֻںʩʱһǵø꣬һεʩסĵطʱϵ̣Щ졣
ʩͣżһ
㲻ҪѧŶ
ûڣǴ󷽷سϡ
Է
ٺûʱ򣬾ͻһ
Ůʿϸ̣ζ塣
ʩ￴ǸӣֻƳһۡ
˺ܶҵҵû̵ӣԷʱ룬ҪⱲӶˣӦҪô졣
Żô
ǳ׽ǣ
µ
֪
ûӣеһУƽ
ûκ
һҹͿʼˡڸЩʲôͻʱ޲óĻݺݵؿһ١
Է㿪΢ͷ
賿㡣
Ӧæ˰ɡ
ǵϴξƹݴȵʱǿ㣬޵ķ䡣ʯ·ϡһֱҪСġ
·ȡ
Ǳһ˶ϸ塣
ϸ΢չ
Լôô͵һʱ
ҪҪ¸һΡ
¸ҵȥԼС
֪ûпܣܲһأ
ԲԣǰҪôĹǣҺ㡣
ҿɲԣһ㰡



29 
賿, ʩæꡣ
⼸һֱβʱһҲ˯ţҵ
˾в
һʱ, ͻܶࡣ
Ķס
ԾԼһֱæ
æûʱȥ߰, æʱɡھƹſڳ, ֻкܶδϢûһԼҪġ
˵óίܾԼ˰ɡ
֪Ϊʲô, ʩܲζ
ǰճ, ʲô鶼˵, ʲôû, ̫ԸԼ׽ˡ
Ҳǡ
ܰԼɾôɾ, ôһϵûСʲôء
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô, Լĸоġ
ܾúʧȥʲô
طϴڴϣʩֵ㿪Ȧ, ⼸Ȧͼ͸ǩǿһһ顣
Ƭɫĺ·ճںɢĻ, ʩоԼǰδеĹ¶
ֻ, ֪ʲôʱۡ
-
ڶһʩ͵رѣֻѾһԡ
˯ŷ㶣ֻ, м΢Ϣȥ㿪, ²Լڴ
ǵ㿪ˡ
ţ
ǣ
Է΢ͷ
ʩ˲, ԼϢˣ
ʩ㼤ֶ, 㿪΢ϵҳȴֶԷʲôҲûз
Ҳʲôûз
, һϢ賿ʱ򳷻ˡ
賿û˯
Ƿʲôô
صϢ׷ʲô
ʩ¼ֺ֣ܿɾˣ˵ʲôȻԷѡ˳أһǲ֪ġôˣ־ǲǹ䵭衣
ԼҪװû
ƺ̫С
˼ӣʩǸϢ
-
Էֱ˯£׵˫ۣ˼£һ˯˿ʱ
Ϸ飬ǵãֺˡ
ͷʹѡ

´Ҳôˡ
ӦûʲôܿƵɣ
Է롣
ܿ죬ʶԼ϶ʲô
-
ʩ˺üСʱԷûлظϢ
òǳʲô˰ɣ
ǣֻǵزԼ
ʩ˷ϢԷǲǻԼΨԷ
⡣
ֱʱյ˶ԷĻػ
ȴǺܼļ֣Ҳûʲô顣
ʩϢֶ˶٣ǰһϢǣ˼˯ˣûϢôôû˯
ԣڸԼƲϵ
ãڹ飬ûбҪԼ
ʩֻ˺þá
-
ûٻء
Է˰СʱԷûлӦ˵ûʲô顣
ԷʱҲԼ֣ﲻģϲ˵û¡ܾԼʲôԽԲҪο塣ҪǶԷٶ䣬ʵͻῪڵġ
ֻǲ˶ģЩѹںڵ飬˵õġ
аɡ
ɡ
-
֮󣬻·ͳ׵ؽˡ
ԷҲʼʰ׼뿪ѧУˡʱſԿҵͿȥԼҪȥĵطˡ
ǡ
ȴˣҪȥأ
ǰϵرȥ
Ҫ߱ǺֻΪټǸһ档
һֱԶĺҪΪȥÿһط¼ÿһ羰Ŷ˼
Ѿ֪ˡ
ЩϵرĵطƺصһԲȦе룬Ȧ档
ĸԸҪٴתصǸȦ
-
ǰԷһ˼ңһֵ黹·òϵĶ
Ȼ֪ܻصһѹ֣ڵҲûа취ѿһЩѡȥԡ
ûǰ߰ؼˣÿθ˵ʽġǰ˵Ҫؼңôһ̿ʼͻżӵңˣ϶Ҳһͨ
Բ˵ˡ
վڼſڣԷһжİ
ط˶ʮļңɲ֪ΪʲôǾһʱûлؼңͻĪؾİ
֪ҪҵûеͷҲһͨ˵һ㶼ѧҪҵˣȻûҵͺ˵ˣȥʦǲ
ǻؼףˡ
ԷǰֻǾԼĸĸŮûҲ̫⣬ٻѧѧҵһ̿ʼȻʶԼǵĺӣһӵĹ߰ˡ
һõĴѧҵҵһݺõĹҵһõϹȵعһ
Ǻܾǰڴ
Դ֪뷨һ̣ԷͿʼˡ
ֱڡ
ɾÿЦ
ıʲô
-
㻹ְ֪˵ĵһ仰ûнӻϵ״̬ӦҲǲ̫ġ
Էƽ˵æѧУ飬ҵĺæ
æ绰ûʱ𣿡
ǰǰ
Զʵء
Һû
Էûӻ
ոüҲûȥҡ㻹ҪȥǸʲôӰ
ԷûʲôԼİź͹滮
˲ô˽İո˵
Էףʲô˽
ոԴǣ㶼ѧҵˣѧǸרҵȥӢʦô档
Էøǳ֣֪˵˼ٱˡ
ˣ
Ҳ뵱ʦ
ô벻ġո㿴Ů˼һרƣڵһ׶԰ʦһ»ǧأȶ˵ڸĸߡ
˵㣬ô๩ѧһõרҵϣ㽫ҵһݺõĹҽһ㣬ƽҲܰżһ㡣ҸõϹӣôõ
ڲȥʦҪȥʲôӰúõ·ߣƫҪЩʲôа
Gռҵ
Էϵİûз£ͷԵָѾ糱ˮһӿ˹ȥ
ûһ˿϶

ܰ˵ԼԸʵѾҪĽ֡һнͺͷ
ԶԶԡ
ôΪôΪҲ˵ʲôԼԼȨ档
ڿʲôЦ
ʲôкûϵ
ҿ֣ӵеһУҸġôܽˣô˵㶪ˡ
Է䵭أ
ոһҭ
Ҹ˵Էѻ˵ң㵽׻벻صġ
ԷЦһء
ڳӲǲǣո̧ǰԷһ⣬ĸˣˣ˵˵֡
Էվԭأһû
ҽѻˣȥҵʦҪȻȥ׼ˡҼķ
ԷһֱΪѾ޼᲻ˡ
ЩĻѾûκθоˡ
һֺĪУһ䲻ҪҼݺݴʹԷġ
᲻ص
̧ͷĨһᣬҲǵļģûʲôģô꣬ǵǵĺﲻֻеܵС
Ҳٻˡ
Ƕɡ


30 
յĽͷ, Է
ͲûؼҵİǸңʲôҲǡȴõǵϿɡܹӵһǵİ͹ġ
Ҫ, ֻҪһ, ͿԵġ
, һ㶼ҪָֻáʲôֻҪûаǵ˼, ǾǴġ
Ǵ, ĳ, һʼǴġ
ΪʲôҪأ
Ҫôʹ, ֻҪǸ, ͸оǴġĺܳһʱ, ԷôɺͷԼ
ҹûʩӰ, ˵ͦȥ
ЩϵͼҪϢ
ֱ޷, 赱ʱʱ˵, ΪӣǶôࡣм仹˺üŻϵġû취, жӾе
ΪŮʲô
˵ѵͶ
ؼҪҪæɼ, ҪҪ, Ҫ˼ҡЩνҪ, ĸƺûжԵܵ
ڼҿʲôⷢƢ, Էһ˶Ҫš
أ˷Ҫϴ룬ɻͻᱻָű˵ʲôáһ㶼¡
ǰãԼҪԼǵ˼ȥͲᰤ˵ǺȻһ֣Ĳ󣬼ǵ˼ȥˣֻµҪ
ҪûĻǻͷԵһͨ
˷񶨡ƫ˫⣬ԷûдǵϸоκΡ
ֱڣԷſϳϣȱ
Ҳûеȥӵʲôһֱų˶ĵطҲ˶ĹעûȥӦԡ
Ҳ֪ӦôȥӦ
ֵʩһĹģƮںϵץһ鸡ľ
ϣ
ԼУȫѹϡ
ȴˣڹСԱͱŤûа취ܺõȥһθ顣
ΪǸ˵ĴڣԼӵôõġ
Էۣ뵽˺ܶ¡
ӿ˼˼ٴαҪ
һֱҪ
-
ʩ̫˵ڷ˯Ͼȥƹ˺ȾƣȻβҪ̸ĿҲϻȥˡ
ûʲô
˵ʲôԭǱʲôѹסˡ
ԭΪֻҪԼҺܶԼһֱæͲж˼ȥˡ
ǡ
ԽææоԽǿҡ
ȹȥļﶼǿҡ
ЩһֱԼǰû뵽һȻҲԼûˡ
绰ʱ̾
ϤıעͻȻ۾һ
ţ
Է绰ˣ
绰ˣ
ûκԥʩ绰ѿڶιô
ԷٳûлӦʩɻţôûСİǣ
֮绰ͷСĳ
ʩһ
ڿ
ʲôˣ
Է㣬ô
Է仰ʱԭһֱǿס˲סˡ
޳
ʩޣҲܣ˵ûϵģûµġ
仰ʱԷоԼекͱŤؿʼʧ
һκ̹ȻسϣԼû£¡ãһ㶼á
ûмˣûȥĵطˡ
Ҳð
һ㶼á
˶٣˵
ҾԼʲôûˡҲûȥĵطҲû䡣ôŬȥԼŬȥ׬ǮҪõǵϿɣȴȫ̷ˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˭ãһСҪҵʱ򣬾ͳһӻ֣Ҫҵʱ򣬾͸ߡ
ҾԼÿ
ĺÿأһУһ޳ɡ
ʩı
ûʲô飬Ӱôһֱ󰡡һֱڵġ㲻ҪôѹòáҲѹġ
ԷҲ
ʶʼǰǻֹ۵̬ϣ;ݡЩ״̬÷
ҲҪЩ˵
ΪֻҪһ˵ԷͻеһУ˲ͺˡ
ֻҪվ
ǣ㡪
ڣĺѹ
ǰãԼܣʲôԽܡǡ
ڸоԼܴûá
Է˵꣬ڵϿޡ
ȥЩ£һֱŬ
Լֺõ飬ȥУգЩĵ顣ϵȥԼúûš
Լܣκ˵ġ
ʩûа취һȥ˰
ЩʹǾɼ
಻ԡ
ֻЩʩĶʱʩѾۡ
ҲѹԼҲһ̣Ҫߡκ˶˺
-
Է֪Լ˶ãԷһֱĵ
ԼͺˣǸ˾ֻҪһ˵ͻоһжȥˡ
Բ𰡣Ҹղˡ
ûϵġ
Ĭ
ԷҪҵ绰ղŸԵһӿֳѺһʶ᲻ŵˡ
ôæԼôʱ䡣
ѧУǡ
ûмˡԷҡҡͷ˵ûмˡ
֮Է绰ͷ˵ѵַңҴؼҡ𣿡
-
˵绰Էòֹסᣬӿ˳
˵ҪؼҰ
˵ҪԼؼҰ
һûҪСŶһֱϲǸˣҪؼŶ
һûеطȥʱ
ԷſžЦˡ
ЦЦţޡ
ȴܿģǸղϢѹ
Ǹоϣ
һʪĵأ˲ӡ
ؿѿ
ԽԽõġ
԰ɡ
Է̧ͷ˿ϵ
-
SеĪǣϸȫĸСʱңһȫû⡣ԷȲסһˣ״̬Ҳá
ڳǰʩ˾Ƶꡣ
е鶼Ū˺ʩһ˿˸١
ȻϺƽֻԼ֪
⼸嶯һΡ
˻ţҪôһεĳ嶯ɡ
Ÿоǻŵ
ʩ̲סЦЦ
-
ǱߣԷԼľƵʱʱɵۡʶʩ˲Īǰ
ղͷΪǰ˸ʶǻᣬ˶Īǣ
ѹʱ򣬲ŷӦ
ʩSа
˸żٹ춼ҪˣҪSؼң
ģ
ԷԷոʲô
Է
Ȼϸĵؿǵ˾Ƶ꣬û뵽ǣþƵס󣬷ûԷ
˲䣬Էᱼˡ
ھƵ˺þá
߿ޱ߸ʩϢ
ҵƵˡ
õˡ
ڳˡ
ܺóԡ
š
һҪһ㿪òá
Բ𰡣㲻Īˡ
һ᲻ᣬ̫鷳˰



31 
Էһֱ֪, ʩϸᡣ
ЩϸᣬԷͬʱȴԷ˲ֺ̿е
Ầ¡
ʧȥ, ӵк
Լ, ȥ罻, Ҳʼų罻ϲԼΪͷԼ
ڵ˶ʱ޷, ǲ֪롣
ܾ鷳ˡ
ʶ, ԭȱı֡
С, ûб, ԻΪһС, ͱжϡﻩ, ˸һֵĹĺ⣬ͻظʮ֡
ϲ, Ȼޱظ
ͨķʽ˵͹ġ
ʩط, һֱڿԼ
Ҫ, ҲϱֳΪ֪Լ˺ܶ鷳
Ҳһš
Ե, Ҳ֪ӦҪôԼ
˲ɢ

˭ҲԼᡣ
ЩȥΪϲֳм󣬶ءЩĺۼ, ȫط, ػˡ
ֻҪԷһʱ, ֺ鷳˵״ֳ̬ˡ
-
ĸСʱ
һɫBMWͣھƵ¥¡
ʩϨ𣬲пȥֻźüϢ, ò¾֪˭ġ
տʼʶʱʩյԵϢᱻòͷԼҲû뵽ĳȻҲϰ˺һ˵ôĻ
ȻһĵػظԷ
ںĺܳһʱֻһֱܰ
ᶢֻڴһϢٴηǣʱһΣˡ
ҲûˣԶ˵
ҲûиκϢĻͿܣЩ˿˵ֻԼôĹ¶
ʩվ¥£ĵػظÿһϢ
֪˺ܿͻ棬˵ÿһ仰䶼лӦ
-
Է˵ʱʲô鶼û
һһⶢֻĻظֱ˯ҲҪԼѡ
ԷԷô԰˯
˷
ֱֻظϢ˲Ѫ
㵽¥𣡡
ȥ㣡
ң
ԷڿϢ˲䣬һӴϵ
¥·ɱ
ʩ֪Ƶ꣬ĸ֪
͵ſڣԷ
һ㣬Ҿ¥¡żġ
ԷҪˣô
ҪȥǸرϲ˰ôģô
-
Էס14¥Ƶһ 21㣬ǡи߲¥ѵˡԷͲѵ¼ˣϣݿԿһ㣬ٿһ㡣
Ȼ֪ãڼʱ˵ĵôࡣ
ȥ룬ķӦôġ
ûԼ⿿һ䡰ҴؼҡѾԷжþá
ôһˡ
ʱһ仰Ϳء
Է˵ݣҲһֱڰ1¥ĵݡ
ܶδйһ˵ĳ嶯ˣڴ˿̣벻顣
Ҫ

˵ݣԷһ·Сܡ
ھƵǰ̨һȦûпˡ
Էֶڶ΢΢Ҫ绰ָֻôҲⲻ
ء
ôҲ˰
ԷˣԽƽȣǾʲô鶼ûСʼȶʱǸ˵ɱԽǿ
ǽⲻ
ԷöҪˣʱо˹۾ʩ˼ӵʱ䣬ûϡ
ʩӣһ㶼۾ٻġ
ǰ˵۾̫۹ȵʱ򣬾ͻ۾
ԡ
۾̫ôõĳԼ
Ͽҹ
ٿأθнΧ
ԲҡҸ鷳ˡԷͷ۶Ρ
ɵϡ
ʩһѽ§οҲǸ˵ôҴûоãĳ鷳
Ҳûо鷳ˡ
Ҫ룬𣿡
Щ鶼ԼԸġ
顣
ô鷳أ
ҡԷСš
ʩԴסȥ硣ļ˵ûµģڵġ㲻Ҫȥôûеûз顣
Ƶһ¥Ĵ
ôţټʩֳúƯѲ˵ע⡣
ԷȻط䣬òá
ԷӣأãҴȥ
-
䡣
Ŵ
ԷŪһŴһŻܹõš
ǸŹϵһ̣ԷĪˣ˵ƵǮͷת㡣
ʩһĴ˵á
ôа
ʩǱ߹ȥ˿ķ羰˵һѵľƵ꣬ûʲôģ㰲סžС
ҹ
ð
̲衣
ʲôá
Էû˵ˡ
Ǻǰһʲôá
ͻȻذ
ʩڴϣһժ۾üģ˵ҿеˣʲôԲ£Ϣһ¡
Sпȫʩû·Ϣȫ120ûֻͣһ㵽ߡ
ĸСʱĳ̣ᱳʹ˵۾Ҳܲ
⼸ûô˯ãʧߣ۾ˣкѪ˿ڿĸСʱĳƣ롣
ԷŻʲôˣȴôҪ顣
Ϣһ£
šʩһһ˵Եʱң𣿡
ĿǺԷ˵һ㣬رˡ
СԷĻûʹ˻Ӻ˵
ʩΨһһ뷨ˡ
á
ʩºյǰС˵ҿ԰һ¼𣿡
ôʱĳ϶᲻ġ
ԷҲҪΪʲô
ʩۣԭ˵õġ
Ҳ֪ƢԣԾȥˣ԰
õͬԷСŮõ˰һĿģõϰ壬ҿ϶úø󣡡
κβĵ飬ֻҪһȥԣе鶼úɡ
գʩ佱
ԷǵȻҴѧרҵѡⰴĦأרҵʦѧĺðɡ
ѧܾ
Է˶١
ʩΪԼ˵ˣŽͣҲǸ˼˵㡭
֪ġ
ţ
ԷһֱԼͦ˵ģһصѧǽԴǻ豸ṩ˺ܺõƽ̨Լڵ͹ڣɿѿ
Щʵʩġ
û
û
û
ͲڵԷˡ
ЩԷûҿڸ
ѧУʱ򣬾ȥǰ˵Щط
оô
Щطû䣬еĵطˡ
ţͦġ
أ
Ǻǰһ
Էʡ


32 
Է꿼Ī, һȥʩǰ˵ĶǼ׷һɽԼ
еߡ
ЩʩĪʱϲԵġ
˵Щ, Էǵ, ҲϲԵġĪʳкܶ, ʮʳûкüСԽֺʳǡ
ϱУУͣݡ򳡡򳡡ͼЩʩơ
Էϲȥͼʮ¥Ϧ, ΪһϦƬ, ջ˲ٵķ˿
ҲǴʱʼ, Լó顣
ʼԼӰ˺, ʼƬ, ԻƻϦΪ
ó׽Ȼ˵˲䡣
סɲǡ
Էĵ
˶û˵, úܰԷͷڰ
ʩԭ⼸춼û˯, ԷʱƵĺܺ, , Ϯ
˵˾䣬ſһᰡеˡ˵, ͵ڴˡ
׺ЬӶûüѣ˵ۡ
Է΢١
˯, 
-
ʩһ˯úܳ, ûйĺߡ
̤̤ʵʵĸоںڰ, ԺоŲŲ壬ȻѵЬӺס
ϱӡ
ʩһ˲̫ϲӴ, ˯еǸˣĴоİ
þûôɵ˯һˡ
Դӱҵʼҵÿһ춼ԼǰߡԼˣһ޳ɡ
ҲԼ
ʩҲ֪Լ˯˶ãʱһƬ谵
ѾʵʵŵԵ΢⣬һӰڽﶢŵԿ
ʩſ˺һᣬе㱺Ͳʵ
Ằ˾䣺Է
Էûµʱ򣬾ϲPͼƬгϴƬ
ýƬ̫鷳ˣûżȥѼҰæԴΪȤ
ƽûµʱһµϵƬ
ʱ򣬾۾Ŵ¡
ʩСûֱڶ飬ŷӦҲԺġ
ţʲô
˭ڽң
̽Դ롣
ҡʩԷ˿ɣĪҲ˲Ϯ˾䣬
ţˡʩ˯죬Ȼû˯Ǽˡ
Էͷһ۵ϵʱ䣬Ͽˡ
ǺñӺԷ˯Ĳһֱû취˯ֻƬˡ
㲻ӣӦһ϶û˯ɣʩ²⡣ôһ˵ԷһǷȷʵеˡ
˯һɣء˵
Էͷϵԡ
ʱ򣬻еͷΣЩһġ
СһЩʩѵ
û£Էû̫⣬еͷΣǰҲһ¾ͺˡ
ԷѵԷһԵϣȥ磬׼һŴ˯
ǱģŴ
˼ġ
ԷκԽ
̰ͼ
׼ʱԵһ䣬ҵıů͵ġ
ţ
ûɣ
Էסʩͣ˵ҵıѺůͣ㲻Ļ˯ұϡһ졣
Է㶣㡢㲻ǲϲ˯ʱô˵ԷĶ˵ġ
Ͼôһ顣
꣬һεʩסĵطϵʱʩ̺˱ӣ˵˯
Է˼Լһ˯
أ
˯ɳѽ
Է׷ʣ㲻һ˯¡
˵ˡ
˯ʱϲ졣
С
Էûټ̰ͼ
ʵʵ˯
⻰Էһֱǵá
û
ʩЦʲôʱ˵Ļˡ
ˣǰôûˣƤءԷԱ
úúáʩҴˣʱ˵̫ˣǸвС
Ҳǡ
аɡ
̬ඡ
¡
ůõıѣ㣬˯˯ġ
Էһ˯Ϊʲô˯
ǰģ˯Ҳһ¡
㻹

ʲôŶ
ⲻ͹ˣ
١һ粽ԷʹŴ絽Ŵϡ
ʩÿ죬Ȼͻᱻ𵽡
ʲôʱ˶ϸôˡʩЦûֵ˼
㲻֪ҵʱ¡ԷҲʾ
ǲ䡣
ʩȥƿ˱ӣɡ˵
Է˶٣ȥ
ʩüȻأ
ƿӵôá
Ҫ㣬Ѷˡ

аɡ
ԷԹ˱ѡ
ʩıѣůͣҪǡ
ζ
˵ζ
Īɡ
ʲŻצԷ˱Ѻ˲ʵ˫˴ͲģԷ˯Ϊֵľ뻹ԣɲ֪ΪʲôܾԽԽ
ʩ˯º
Ҫһˡ
顪ڼ١
ԷоԼôҲѹס
ôô졣ʡ
ûûаɡԷ򶨵Ļء
û𣿡
š
ˣ
Ŷ
ܰɣá

Ҿû
ǣܿ죬û˰ɣһֱʣˣ
˯һ¡
һֱʡ
ǣ
ʩһ
˵ˡ
ҡҾʡ
ҲУ
аɡ
ʩˡ
Էʲųֵ⣬ôһ㣬ﻹ˯š
ҪǸѹסڿûϢ
㿴˼ң
൭侲
Էס
Ҫֻһûʲôͼӣ
ٸҳסһ㣡
ôܾ
ʩ͸˯ѣûеġ
Ҳ˵ΪʲôҪԷԼһ˯Ҫܿġһûƣŵô졣
˯ɡʩҲЦˡ
Էôһ㣬˯š
֪ϷŪ
˵죬ô˯ˡԡ
ʩͣ㲻ѽ

˰ɣ
Էߺûĳ˯ôá
ΪԼԷоԼ˵мֵˡ״̬Ҳ𽥵ѡ
¡ʩҲ̹Ȼϡ
Ͼȷʵûô˯ãֿ˺üСʱĳ
Ǿ˯¡ԷҲѧ˵˵ŷһ
ʩûӹ
ӣԵˡ
Է
ת˵
Է֪ôת
ʩü棿
Էֱ׳Ȼˡ
˵˯
ô˯
תȡ
ҪתȥԷ赭дʵͶҡˡֻ֪᲻ϸ΢С
Ȼ
ˡ
תܿ㰡
ԷС˵ʲô
ûÿ
ʩʧЦԭûڼƽ鰡
ļ飡ҲûУǵˡ
Ŷ
Ϊβתѵںʲô
£
Է첻µزºðɡ
ߣ
üҲŲء
Ӱʩģ˵ǱҲУ§˯ء
զ
ǣ


33 
Է˵ǻ, һûκԥؿ˵զ
Ȼڱﲻ, Ҳû
ǲ˼ı֡
˻֪ʣôˣ
ôˣ
ԼһŴ, , ˳ʲô§§ģ߲ߡ
ң˵ʲô̬Ŷ
Էߺ, һûͬ, ʲô§§
ǲ§ˣ
ܺá
ǳá
һ仰ҭ
ˣԷת
Եεô, ˵§, ˵ͬ⡣˵§, ҵ§ǲ§

˾ǹô˵, ȻڿЦġ
϶ġ
Щʩɫ, ҸղǿЦ
תֻúÿ㡣ôû, ǸС, ü۶ˡ
Խˡ
ǵǰһȥԷʱܻᱻϳǽá˵㳤ÿƯ
վһԳԷɴס
ʱ, Ͱ·˵
, ÿء
Ưġʩ˵, ⻰ܾǰ˵, һֱûᡣ
ôֱӵĿ佱ǵһΣԷûκ׼
֪Ӧνӻ
˵ˡ˵
Էܸж, 油仰ʵЩɷ羰ʲộȻ˵ˡûˡ
һ롣
סˡ
ϲ¡
ޡ
ûˣ
Ӧ
ʩһᣬʣûʲô˵ģ
˵ʲôԷ죬ʲôܺðǰ˵˺ܶѽ
ʶǻᣬԷͺǿȺȺÿκ죬пգ뵽ʲôͿƯԸãĺܿᡣ
á
ö˼
ллһֱߣ߶߶
Щظȥ˵ֻҪһ졣
ϲ졣

Щʱ
տһ׷ѰĹ⡣
ǰǰ˵
ԷסۣǰͲˣ
Щһദӣ˵Ϳˣ

ҲǸ˼
ʩ֪˸տʼʶǻᣬʱȷʵе㷳ģʲô鶼˵˵˵ɣÿζǿը
ûʩʩҪϣе㲻֪롣
ԺܶʱԻرܺ;ܾķʽϵ
Ҳǹġ
ʲô˼ԷҲίˣֱӷʡ
ֵʩӲϻˣʲô˼

ǡ
ˣ˯һᡣûеõԷҪĴ𰸣Ȥ˯һ
ʩҪ˵Щʲôһû˯Ҳûټ
ôľ룬Ҫյһˣ˭û˼⻹˯ţ
Щƭ˵Ļš
ԷûڣղžͲӦתģ
͵͵ھֻܼװ۾Ŭúȡ
ʩָ̧Ҫıһ㣬ֵ̧˲䣬Է͵ۣҵ㡢Ҫʲô
ʩһ͵ûʲôֻһӶѡ
Էҽӻ
Եİɣʩ˵꣬Ĭϣ˳־Ͱѱǵʵʵġ
ԷŲӡ
ö˰
ȻԼ˯ţ͵͵Լʲô
Ͼʱ

룡
ǼԲ֪
ԷҪͼڸԼĻһֱ
ʩ״Ȥôͷڹô
˭˭ͷڹˡ
㣿
ʲô˼
Դ챻ȫסˡ
ͷڹʲô
ֻԴеѡ
һѡ
ʩûв
ˣ˯һòá
Ŷ
㻹˯
ֲСˡԷûֳϲѾʼڴˡ
ǵһ˵Ҫ˯ء
ǰСˡ
ǣҪˣʩҲҲ֪Ƣԡ
ʱܱŤ
Ӧ˵ǿķǡ
Ҫ
鷳¡ѾſԽܣԿֲ˵
鷳
Է⡣
ʩҿ㼼á

ķļ
Ȼмôһ˵
ԷͻȻɤеɿ˼
Ƴͨ졣
ʩһˣ켣ⳡϣôûСһȻˡ
뵽ȥˡʩεҵ˼˵ûк˯̫Ǹ
ҡ֪
ʩһ㿴ɵı顣
ҡ֪ûû롣ԷͻȻˣҲŽ͵
ͻãоһ֮ͣն΢
ⱻѾȣ
ⴲС
ǣ
ͨ졣
Ŷû롣⻰ɲټˣʩ˵⻰ʱѹһ
м䣬ȥ

ǳĬ
ԷŬԼƽ
ʩҲڵȵĺ
˶ֱ˱
ֻҪ˭һĽ֡
˶̫СĽˣߴһֻصԭ㡣ٴʧȥ˴ˡ
á
ԷʼЩˡ
Щ磬СԹɣ˵˯ֺҡ
ʩŷӦ˵ÿһ仰ʵǵãҷϣһڴ
Լհǰ˺ǵġ
ûк㡣˵꣬ʩ̧֣ĺţֻڵͬ⡣
仰ʩ֪ûΪָ̧ıʱԷѾۡ
˯ɡ
Ρ
-
Ǽ꣬Էʧ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ô˯ţò˯ˣҹҲȻͷ޾ĳĬ
ٺߵȥЩȫĵס
һһ
Ϣԭͥʩֹ˼
ԼԼ֪֪ԼһͨŮûκվ󣬸
ֻܿԼ
ǱһҪԼ
ֻҪмڣȥְ
ҽ̣ڲԱϴӣҲȥС㡣׬ÿһǮлԼκҪĶ
ǵʩ˵ÿһ仰Ҫñ֪жǮǼˣҪ
Դѧ꣬ѧҵƴǮ
ѧӰպеķʽԼкܶ໰Ҫ˵ģÿʱ򣬶ڼװԼ˵
һֱŬǰԼá
һСһСؿ
˿Ŵ󷽣侲š
Ψ
Ķȫɢ˼Ƶġ
ԷʱẦɢ˼ܣ͸һ˻
û취ܡ
ָֺ̰о
ˡ
ɡ
ܻôһˣƽͨУоһжڷ⡣
-
Է˯ܰԼڽ
ʩеʲôֻ˼һ
Ҳû취
ֻҲؿ˯
е㲻̫ʵĸо
ҪԺÿһ죬۶ܿжء



34 
̫ˡ
ʩ, ³Ҫѹһ
ðɣҪ, ղ˵§, ǰ뿪Ц˵ġڻȷʲô뷨, һʲôԽ飬ˣ岻ÿô죿
û뵽ǡ
Сҿʱ, һֻͻȻѹ˹, һ, ȫϡ
ֻСһ, Էסˡ
ȫûиĿ϶, ˲òͨˡԷ, ߽Ȼ˯״̬ʱʱҪһ, رɺ
⡢⡭
Լܲܶ
ʩ̡
ȶְɣ
ӣԼʲô, ֪ġ˵ġ
ʩоԼͷѾʼˡ
-
Էһֱһ˯, ֪Լ˯ʱʲô״̬ĴһֱǷһżģ˯ʱڰΰѼ, ͻϰȥǸż
Ȼ˯
ر˰ġ
κˣͱסˡ
֮ǰȥûҵ
εż, , , ¡һżһˡ
˱ܵҪٿһ㡣
-
ԷֻҪ˯ȥ, һ˯Ȼѡ
ʱ򣬷Լﱧһͷе㱣ʧҲ˲䱻ˡ
תͷһŴֱֱһˡ
ֿ˿Լͷٴȷ˯ʱ򣬱ŵһ
ΪʲôʵС
˾ǡ

϶ǵġ
һͷŶԡ
ԷֿһһŴϵˣ
ûٸҶ롣
Ƶ˯˹ȥ
ӻ磬ƣ롣
˯ѡ
Ҳѡ
-
ٴǰ̨绰ǷҪ׼͡
绰һ죬Էѣ˲ȥӵ绰ʱsס޵ʱڴһǽӵ绰
ʩ
ԷԵ绰رС
绰Է˵껰Է˵ˣлл˵˲䣬Ͱѵ绰Ҷˡж죬˯һŴϵʩ
Ѿˡ
ˡ˵
ҲԲôС
šػ˾䡣
ԷﻹƵģƽʲôԼҲ˵
˲˻硣
Ҫ˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪
֮ǰ˵˵ҪԼؼңѵĸsô
ʲôݸŻȥأ
ѣ
ûʲôϵã
Ҳ֪
ҪʲôϵǣȥsеĻʱѿɣ
Ǹ
ҪҪ
ͬʱڡ
Է˵ЩʲôȷˣҪҪĸУ
ǰϲԵǸ˴ǻڣǼҹߵĵ̣ˡ
ĪҲ˺ܶóԵģҪȥĻǿԻѧУԷ
ҶԵѽʩԥӦ¡
ܿ죬ĵ绰ˡ
ȥӸ绰˵
š
Է𴲺ѱӵã˼ӵʱ䡣ƺڻ뻹оƵסҪȻҪ޽ͷˡ
ͦҵġ
ʩ绰ȥϴˣԷϴҲ򵥵ϴ¡
߰ɡʩѧУĶ𣿡
Է˶˵ûС
ؼңǴһֶȰؼҵģû뵽һؼҾͱͷԵһͨְϳˡ
ڣԼʲôô
㣿
û֮ǰȻ˰
ĺΪңﶼԡ
ڡ
С
û˵ʩ֪ʻ϶֪Ӧôءת˻˵Ҳû£ȥԷɡ˵
Էͷ
û˵˵ݡ
ܿһ¥ˣȥһǰ̨ʩ˵
á
ʲô鶼ǰԼ˵ǳԷ
̸Ļ˵Ƕôǰġ
Էһξ룬ǰ̨˵ͷͨһһЦᡣ
ĺƽͣԷһֱϲġ
֮ǰ˵Ƶһѵġ
ɰ
ҪԷԼ϶ûס
Ϊ㡣
ܿ죬ʩͶԷ˵껰Է˹
߰ɣѧУʩӹе˲·صԷʮꡣ
һѧУʱҲ˵仰
ԡ
ʱӦǣѧУ
ǣҴѧУ
оһˡ
-
ϡ
Էڸʻ
ôоһˣϴǵһӵĳϵõġǱ
Ϊʶĳӡ
ǻһˣԷ̽Եʡ
ʩӣЦƵ˵ϴȫǲ̫ϵôλϵġ

ϲһЩܵ飡
Էûӻ
ʩЦ˵Цϴ÷Ŷ
λǰɡ
ԷһûûлȨ
ĺöûкĪǵĿˡƽȵؿ·ϡʩһ㴰иŵ
ԷһŶϾĳ˵˵ĪأҲǣϾҲûʲôֵ˺飬ȻԲûˡ
˵ģ͸¶Ĳ
ʩô
⻰˵ġʩȤѵڹֽһֱûĪǿ㣿
˭ϡء
Էһ˭ء
Ŷ
˯һϣø˯ûˣⲨѪ

-
һСʱ
ͣԷ¥¡
ԷǵĶ϶ˡǰǾУˡǰһ˺üٷ
Ҷܲᡣ
Ҳ֪˭ҲӲķֱ
ʣһˣʲôûᡣ
ûʲôͷоһжҡʵԷԱҵȥһֱû滮
֪ҪȥҲ֪ȥ
ʵ˵ˣȥﶼԣȥﶼС
ҪһˣעƯ
ʲôǺҪ
ڡ
ƺ˱뷨
ȥԷɣٿôŪʩ㹻ʱͿռ䣬Լ롣
ûйǿ
һֱ
á
-
ˣһȥǰݳĵطһֻᡣʩԷԣ˸һ롣
ӾƵʩ͸оԷһֱڸԼž롣
ƺ̫Լ
ʩҲ֪
ȶ֣ʵ³ʲô飬ѡ˯һŴ
Ͼǳˡ
ôల¡
ʩܲǵԼô飬ΪɾһУУһˡ
û뵽ʲôǵá
ҲǺܶˡ
ʱԷ֪ѧУ齨һֶ֧ӣʱԼȥݳ
ÿζܾ
ܾĶˣԷҲû̫Ȥ
Ͼ˭Ҳϲһֱܾ
ٽҵʱֶӾͽɢˡ

Է֪
ֻǵãʱô˵ȥݳΪǲҪ
û뵽Ǳԭ
ʩõ͵͵˵
Ͼⶫֻٲ˲ſԵԡ󲿷˻ǻعʵЩȰѹĵסഺҲôʱ䣬궯°
ˡ


35 
á
Էûϻ
оһطǵ, û취˵
оЩ飬ȴʼռԼΪ
ΪԼ, ΪԼ, ΪԼйǣǾܾԼ
˵ܶ໰, ҲǵػӦ
һ¸һǱܾѡʧ
ⲻô
ֱ˿̣оö, 
Էš͵Ը, ͻȻһЩ
߰, ҴȥԺóԵġ˵
֮ȷʵеɡ
ʩͷá
˴ǡ˵
ԷЦ˵֪ϲǸ, ׼ȥء
ʩԵúܳ, ѾܶûгԹζôڵ˴, ѧǻԵĵҡϰһѾʮˣصĶ, æµĿ϶УżῪЦ
ʩϲļͥΧ
ܺг
һΪ׬Ǯ, Ŭ
еһжͷ
극ص, ˶ܳĬ
ǰԣ̬ϵĹɡ
ԷԼϵһ飬һЩӰ豸, ӡԣСڼ, ˵Ķ, ʵҲǼ˵Ķٰ, ʰҲһһѡ
Ϊ⼸, Ķ
ˡ
ô˵ء
ȫҵ
ķڼΪܻᱻܷܵȥϲ˶ĶǸңĶпܾҲһ˵ʱҶöпܡ
Ҳֹ
ֲ֡
֮ܶЩ˿Ķ
ԶǱ
һдµռǱ·߼һɹҩ

ҲҪúߵĶ
Щҿȷ𣿡ԷָָǰĶԵ˵
ʩûκԥȻ԰
õ϶Է˵ҿʼʰ˰
ʩҪҵİæ𣿡
ԷҡҡͷáϢᣬˣҰȥͿˡ
ȥչʾǣҵഺ
áʱʩֻ绰ˣʾ⣺ȥӸ绰
š
ʩߺԷֽӣһʰԼϵĶ
ЩԷĵģΪһֱ֪С
ܺõġ
Ψһһʼնˡ
ʲôġ
ֻڵԷԼʱû취һȥɡ
Ͼ˻ûȷϵԷ֮ǰиһҺһЩûβ
ԷѹһǮ
ܻĪǴһʱ䡣
ȰѹǱߵæ꣬õǱǮ󣬿ܻٿǹȥ
ǡ
Ҳһ
ԷԼ֪
ϾѾû˵
ڵһˡ
ǰһúۡ
-
ʩ绰վ¥ϵĴڣƣƲ͵͵ģһ
Ǹ
ǰѧʱǽŲæ
ÿ춼гŵĺҵʼҵæˡʱ̧ͷգΧһС
Ҳ
һе鶼û취ѿˡ
Լǰ
ǱһҪǰ
ǰĻֻ
͵ɢǸֶһÿ˶ΪҪõĻţԼԭҪ顣ȥЩ˸Ӧ顣
һȺͼźˣ͸Ӧóǰ
ʱˣͻȻĳһ죬Լʵֵͦġ
Ϊ̫֤˿ˣ֤ҿԵģôûġ
ҽߵ·
ġ
̫ҪϿˡ
צġ
ΪǾͻԼЩ顣
ȴԼˡ
¶дʼӿֳ
ֱٴμԷʱʩȻʶ㡣
ֻʱŸоܶණֵڴġ˺ܶҪ˵Ļ
Ҳͼ
Ҫ㡣
Ҫҵߡ
Ҳˣظ㿿
Ҫ
˫
-
ܿ죬ԷеĶʰˡ
һվſã뿪š
߰ɡ
ټˡ
ҵഺ
ЩײײʲôҪԼ¡
ټ
ԷתԴ
ͻȻ뵽ǰոѧУǻᣬʲô·̧ۣܾһж̫ʵ
һҪԼˡ
ȻĪȻѧ
ܳһʱ䣬˳о㲻ˡбҵ󣬾ͳȥҹԼ׬Ǯ뿪Ǹҡ
̫뾭öˡ
ĳҪǮ
뱻ָűʹ
룬Աķʽ
ȥ˺Լ
Ϊĸͻ
ͻһĺͰһֱĶ
ǡ
ĸ⣬
÷ԼķʽȥʵЦ
ΪЩνףѹġ
Ϊʩĳ֡
ʼת䡣
ӻ谵ɬĻϣ
꣬һǰȻ֪Ҫȥʲôطδͣ½Ų
û˻վԭصġ
ҪȥԶȥԶ磬ȥĳ䣬ټһ档
Ǻӡ
ԶԶڷ⡣
-
¥¡
ʩѵٴοʣȷһsô
Էͷ϶ţȰæЩ
ǡǺðɡ
ʩҲûǿ
ԷЦݣлĻҾͲ˵ˡÿҪʱڡΪˣԷԼøһЩվߡ
ڡ
ûǸ
ȥˣҲΨΨŵŵ
̧ͷġ
ҵԼ
·һ㣬òá
˺ҷϢ
ʩס̣ϵɫϲ
µţٳûвȥ
ǡ
Ҫһȥ
Ǿ仰ʼѹߣʩһûʲô
ˡ
ԷǿջЦһ·˳簡
ʩûٿ
ţӻ
Էһֱվԭأӻ֡
ֱӣűӣ˲ӿ
ᡣ
Ҫ롣
һֱߣֺڵ
һ˶
ǰҵе鶼еϲŭ֣֪
ڡ
ˡ
ѧѹסԼ

ֻҪ
˵仰ˣǲ֪Ӧôڡ
-
ʩ·ں
ŵĽţʼû취١
ͻȻûܾûʲôû
͵زסɲ

ͷ
ٲš
ǰܾãûҪ߻ͷ·
ôһˣƷС
-
ԷڵϿ޵˶ڷ
֪Ϊʲôôѹֲǲټˡ
Ǻ𰡡
ֿĸо
Դ
еһС
ֱоվĽűߣỽ֣Է
Է͵̧ͷ
㡢ôˣ
ʩҲŶڵϡ
ߺϣĿ͵ؿҡ뱧㡣
𣿡
ʩ˵⻰ʱԷ޳Լ˫֣ҲûȦס
ԷʣСʣǡ
ǿӵ𣿡


36 
¡
Էʩİ, ĪһСԢʱ䣬ϴμ棬Ѿȥһˡ
Ҳû뵽, ʩȻۻһӵ
Ǹӵ޴, һ, סǲεİȫС
Ϊ֪ôһ˵ĴڣԶסС
һ, Ͳһ, ԷҪһиˡսʤ˸, ӵ, ԷĿ뿪
˵ôӵأ
Ǿ仰Է㹻վ, Ϊ֪, ʲô֧
ʩصsк, һ¾ǸԷ
Ѿ¸ˣڵȺ̵ơ
ҿ쵽
ҵˡ
ڰ顣
, ڰĶ
Щ, ϴסǸ
˳Ƭ
һķ
ҪôҪĻһá
˷ġ
ԷظϢʱʩѾеĶˡ
ʵԷÿϢ, ŪˣʱٻءǾͿһ졣
лл㰡ԷϢ
Էܿأ, Ǹ͸š
û˵
Էô˼
á
һᡣ
ԷֲһϢЩ, ҪǸȤĻ, Ҳ㷭ġ
ĺ֡
Щ˭˾ͻ, ͻģͻ÷ˣΪʲôҪҵĶ
Ψ
ûϵأ㡪
ʱ˵ɡ
ֹڴˡ
Էûٻء
ʩҲûټ˵Ļ⡣
ʹһ侲ƣ
Էʼҷӡ
΢õķӻ϶Ҫһ⣬Ҹ»ǰģһ̫ˡ
Ƕķ̫ˣҲ̫⡣
һһķӺ٣ҪλҲ̫ƫһŮӣȫҪһ˺ü죬ûҵ
Ρ
ԷŷȦ
ôһηȦû뵽һըˡ
ȿϢģǡ
ǼȱľǷӰ˵أ񶼻ǵķ
Էˡ
ٵһȡ
Ȼû˵ʾúԡ
̬ʵҪȵˡ
̬ԷȦֵúܡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼô˶ڰ취Ҳ˸ԸһЩⷿҪע
ҪעⷿǲǶַˮҵЩô㣬Ҫ⡣һҪǩͬѺ𽻶٣ʱôˣҪ˽ϡͿġ
һһлл
ʼûҪȵϢ

Բô鷳һȥsеġ
ƫƫȴšһ˼ˣˣֿʼ˼ҵĹĺ⡣
ԷԼ⡣
ǣֱϵʱʩͨĵ绰˲ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô绰ʱԷǣĶ̬ӦҪɾˡ
Ҫˡ
ιôԷȵ绰һᣬŽ
ǰҲûôС˼İ
ôڡ
ûʲô鰡
㣬ҵ𣿡ȻǿԼĶ̬ˣԷǹ˹ʵʵ˵ûأڷӺңҶһ⡣
֮ǣⲻôʱġ
ţʩ˵꣬Ҫ㻹ûҵĻиѸպн飬ǸŮӡһСԢҿһ£۸λúʣġ
ӦǷҪġ

Ȼ˰ҸǴѧͬѧҰһ죬ȹȥúʵĻͿ԰ᡣ
áҵʱϵ
šκ⣬ҲߵʱͿϵ֪𣿡
ţ
˵绰Է͵͵ЦЦ
ʵҲнⷿģǲԸ⡣֪Ϊʲôܾ˶ûʩס
Ҫ֪ԼĶ̬
ⷿôˣȻûһ죬żʩԷסô˯ʱûС
ԷҲΪɣҵ㻰˵
ͷش⣬ͷůɫСơһͲûз
СԢǸʽġ
Է˯ڶ¥һ¥칫ĵط
סÿҪĹǸƬȻ⾰
̫ڰˡ
ÿ졣
ʱú
ôúԭء
ǰÿ춼˰ҲﲻԾ
ԴӸʩϵϺһ˵ӣԵأȤ
û˿˵
еأġ
ǸֻĻȥʵڵġ
ԷԴסҹʧߡ
֪Լһʲôѡ񣬹Ǳ߽ܶ࣬ÿ޲Ƭóķ羰ǱΪֲ㣬־
оԼܱŤ
ͷ޷۽˵ϡ
ӰͶŻ
ÿκʩһЩճƬʱʵ״̬Եʱ򡣵ĸЩֻҪ˵˵ͺܿˡ
ǩ˺ͬҲǵʱȱǮ
ڿҪҵʱԷ֪ԼҪһǮǮĹɻ𣬸֧ȥκεطĵ
ҼǮĻԣΪѾˡ
εĺͬǩһ꣬ԷǴ°ǩĺԼ·ݵڡ
ʱԷԼҲ֪Ҫȥҿļ۸Ҳˡţ׬һǮҲϾ˭ǮȥҿԼ׬ǮҲס
û뵽ǣٽҵʱȻʩطˡ
ĳ֣еƽ͡
ÿ춼Ҫ
룬롣
ǡ
˵
Ϊһ˵ˣͻ롣
-
µס
Է˼еϵʽ
ʵܲ˸׵Ŀըȡ֣ҲҵѧĸԱ
Աһͨ绰
ԷѧĸԱǸŮˣ˿ͥгҸϹǸ㹤̵ģʺܸߡĿߣżҡ
СһһŮ
Էǰ࿪ʱ򣬾ἰŮһҪѡżҺϹ˵ĹʵܵͣϹð
СǹڴģҲҪһǮ
ϹĹʻأŮ˵ŮѽûҪ̫飬󻹲Ҫˡʲô޵ĺѽȻ˵żҶôôǮ
Ŷڵġ
ơ
ͷƤ顣
Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Լ˵Ե֡
ԷҲǺ֪ǸԱʵ˹ϵУġ˿һݹΪ̫ϲҫˣԸͬµĹϵҲһ㡣
˵˺ܶࡣ
⡣
Է˵ʵϹ治֪Ķ໨ƺҲǺܺãֻҪڼңʲôġ
ԼȴС
˵Ϲϣˡ
Էֵֹܾģ˵
ֱ죬Աͨĵ绰
˵˺ܶڼͥͻ
̾˿
Է
ʵܶ飬ıġ
Ҫѧȥʵ


37 
ԷǵúСʱ, ˵ڼҲ̫ŶԺ, ᱻ˵ġϹҲ, Ҫڿ㡣Ҫ, Щ鶼ŮӦġ
ԷСͻرѹ֣оһ˫ε, ץһֱԴΪһŮ, ӦҪô
̫, Ϊʲô˾Ϳʲôָֻ, ˵ܻ, ָɣ
Իһֱ޸С
, Ůڻȫڱ״̬
ǻţһ, ϵظûûҹظɻȫԼϢʱ䡣
˵Թ, żҲᱧԹ
Ъ˹
˵Ƿŭź, ְر֡
Ա˵ǵĻ״̬ʱԷ֪Ӧôػ
̫ʵˡ
Ů˺ġ
⿿ǴӹŹ߹һġ
ܳһʱ, ԷڷԼӦҪ
Ͱ, ѭ浸ء
ҲԸ⡣
ҲһֱһֱȽʺϵķʽȥ, ûа취װѡ
縨Աڵ绰, Ҫʵ
֮ǰкܶ໰ŵ˼, һŮӣʲôѵ㸸ĸôѾѧҵˣôô£
㸸ĸΪð
ΪԼѧĸԱԷĻѵ绰ֱӹҶϡ
̫Ϣˡ
¡
ЩԷĸ׿Ѿܶˡ
˵Ǿʵֲһ䣬ΪԱ㣬ᣬˡҶͰ࣬ѭ浸أƾʲôѿأΪӵ󻹲Ҫӣ
ˡ
ЩسԷȥ䡣ЩĻһֱѹߣ޷ڡ
˵
˵Ī
ûе
յ绰ҵ
ԷԼ
ԭΪܹߵȽĸԱӦվߵģǣԷᣬֱֱѡ
һƬ硣
ڻУͨʩĵ绰
ҪһЩ
绰˺һᣬԷ
ܳӵĻӦھƹݡ
Եȣ˵ҳȥӸ绰ǶԵ绰Ե˽ʲôԷܰصȴ
ʮ֮󣬶ߵĳӣ˺
ôԷᡣ
һᣬԷſڣûʲô顣
ʵеˡ
ðɡ
Էûʡ
Է״̬ãԶûʲôθڡ
ԥ˼ӵʱ䣬ʩ֪
ûԵĶ
Է˼鷳ûʲôԵģԲʲôġ
ʩʣæ𣿡
æɡ
Ҳûæͷת
˵æɣÿ춼ۡ
ľƣ
е㡣
Ĭ
Ǳʩ̾˿
æҲҪԵѽ
ǰԷ˵ʩĻʶǻᣬʩǲ͡ʱæҲԣһͼ䲻ɡ
ԷÿζһҪԷ
ܻǡ
ԷһȥԺóԵġ
أʩҲϰ˵˷ҪԷԲ͡
֪ġ
ʱʩҲôظġ
ûͲ֪ˡ
Ĭ
û˵ˡ
Էǲ̫õģΪ˵˵ͺúܶˡ
ʩһֱû˵ҵ绰
ǰҪû˵ʱʩͻ˵ҹˡȻԷҲ
ֱӵͷ˵á
˾Ͱѵ绰ˡ
죬Էһֱڵ˵ҵ绰
ٳûпڡ
е֡
ô˵ҵ绰ˡԷʡ
ʩһϢ˵ǰ˵𣿡
Ȼ˰
ֹǾ
ֻҪһͨ绰ûļ䣬û˵ʱͻҵ绰
Է˵仰֪Ӧôڡ
Ҳҵ绰ѽÿζ㣬ҪҪҡ˵ãҲŹҵġ
ûϡ
ǸԼĲ䣬ҵ绰
ġʩ͡
ÿζԷʾΪģ˵ЩʲôǲҪңҲҵġ
ÿζ˵á
ʩܲԼַڰɣ
š

¿϶˵Ҫˡ

ˡ
ʩ︹̡
컹û˵ʲôءת˻⡣ټҵ绰˵ȥˣ
绻˵˵
Ĭһᡣ
ԷƵؿڣҰҼ˶ˡ
ţʩĵʣô𣿡
ʩ֪Է̫ϲļˣҲԸڼû뵽ѾҪڲϵһˡ
ĸĸôԹԹϿɣҲ˱˴˵ϵʽһĻֵĲɿˡ
ӦǷʲô顣
ʵ绰ʱ״̬ʩ͸оˡ
ҰвԷӺ
֣αȥףΰĹȥָֻ˵£˵ĸԱ
ǸԱв˵Ů˵󣬻Ҫӡʵ¸ĸ
ĻôŬҪǰߣȥõΪʲôѵЩ飬ûκҲ֪Ҳ̫ס
ҲŮ԰ΪʲôҪȥԼأ
Է
ɬ
ѵĴ𣿡

ʩܰ˵󣬺һԷûдġӦԼûд㲻ҪȥԼ𣿡
Է˵˵˫ۡ
ֻҪʩǰԷоԼòС˵仰ޡ
ЩܵίֻԸƽ
ǣһǺѹ
ѹǣЩԼйϵģûйϵġƺվڵµƸߵȥָԼ
ԼʲôǴġ
ûаǵ뷨ȥ͸һ
㣬òáʩ͸ͲߣԷƺоᡣ
˿̣ĺߡ
Ҫ
ǡ
ߡ
С
֪ˡԷƽԼ㻹æİɣ
ûϵ˵ϰء
ǰ
ϰ壬ԼԼ
ǰһ⡣
һúóԷġԷ˵
֪̫ܵʱ䡣ҹǾƹݶæҲ֪ġ
ʩҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬵绰ͷһŮغһ䣺ʩʩ
绰ûд𣿡
ͲԶأϣԷ˵˼ҿҪȥһЩ飬㲻ҪȥЩ飬òáһҪԼѡûдġ
ԷǸŮ˭ôǡ
ǵþƹݺ޵ˣʩϰʩܵģʩʩƺǵһ
ԷҲûȥʡ
ţ֪ġ
绰Ҷϡ
Էôܻ᲻밡
״̬Ͳãֶһ֪ˡ
֪
ʩʩ
ǹǵء
ԷͻȻԼ֮ǰѹˣעǸŮ˭ˡ
ռ
Էϣsһ̽
һϢġ
һҪÿģҪ
ˡ
ûǸӡ
Է̾
˵ķơ


38 
ϵƬ޵һ, Էֻˡһغ룬Էԥ˼ӵʱ
ιá, ԷԲʶǰ̬ȡ
飺á, ſڡ
ţ
ûеѽ
ѵǡ
õ, лл
˵绰Էſһݺࡣ֪, ϶ʩġ֪ϲԺࡣ
ô֪Լϸַء
Լûиѽ
ܾԺ, Էʶ, , Զ֪ʲôʽ㹻İȫС
Էʩ˵绰, Ϣ, ˵Ѿõлл, ûʳڡ
ǸôǵŮ˭
Ǹϣ˯ĺܺá
һҹ, ̤̤ʵʵ
֪ǲΪˡ
ġ
-
ڶԷҪ⾰, θһˡ
׽飬һִĻɴա
ǹҽ¿ҵ֮ǰԷǩԼʱ, ľ羰, ҿʼת͡
ʼһЩ, ұ־Ͳ, ԷָձҵͰȥˡ
Էίƴ, ˵Լ̫óġҸտʼǩԼ˵ˣֻĲľ羰ġ
ϰЦĺӦСѽǰӿʼת֪ġгǹҲҪİǲǡҳᣬܶͲ
ķ羰ľĵôãôˣô
Ҫ˳Ӧг˿ɲ̫Ŷ
Էſڣһʱԡ
ǽ飬Ĳǵġֻ޷
Է֪ȥͣҲ˻ġΪֻԸԼҪġ
ûȰӰһôʹࡣ
-
ԷӺܾǰͷ֣ʵ̫ϲ׽
κ˶бܵųͷʱõķСҲû취ޱĽɵļͥΧߵýĺãҲΪǺгļͥΧ
رĽ
ļͥ³ɳ

ѧʱÿηż٣ڷСҡ
¸鷳ԷÿȥǼҵʱ򣬶ܶණʱǳԵģʱõġǼҵʱԷͻæ
ÿηС趼ڿ죬£ɡ
Ͽɡ
ֻԷֻ֪ǺԼᣬԾֺܵߵˡ
ϣõǵϿɡ
ֺͨõķʽ
ҲųȺġ
˭ϲһ˹¹µѽ
ֻǾúദۣΪҪǵʲôԼ
ֺļ˿ʼߵѡ
ɫģ˲ġ
رѹֵġ
Ժܳһʱ䣬ԷȺ
Ҫѣȥѡ
ںԼദͻȻʶ
̲סҪʩΪҪĶĳϵԼİݡ
ϸᣬܻԷҪֺǰѾֳˡ
Էߡ
ٴߡ
̰
ޱ̰
ֺ̰ʧҡ
ǹӵıŤšͣУʱû취ԭͥӰ߳ôеһУǻص޵ġ
Ҫ
Ҫһξʧȥʧȥʹ֮С
-
ԷʼӴӰĹ̡
ΪʲôóĲľ羰óȥ׽ȻĹ񹤣Ϊľ򵥣ȻԼĸԣָָ㡣
ˡ
Ǹӵģġ
Ҫǣϲȥͨ
׼ȷ˵˶ʲôҪҲϲȥҪˡ
ӦҪôҪڳʲôĶվʲôλáôЦݡ
޷
ʹࡣ
رʹࡣ
ÿֻҪ⾰󣬻صҺԵĸоģ¡ܾ˵Լڲƾˮͷһк
Լһ
Դƽ
ԼӴӰΪʲô
ΪȰı
֪
֪
-
Է˼⾰󣬿ͻҵϰͶߣ˵ǰŵӰʦУҲС
ҴûмĸӰʦյʱȫ޹ͨͽġֻԼģȫǹͨͽȫǷ˰Ƶġ
ʲô̬Ȱ
ߣǹ˿ͣϵۣ
ǻǮģ˵Ǹӡǹ˿ͻǹ˿Ͱ
ǿɲǻˣ˾Ǯ

һλãͶߵĴˣϰÿζЦҲˣԷе칫ңܻ֣Է㵽ٸʲô
֮ǰҲ
Ҫ췴𣿡
ûСԷƽ˵
㻹˵ûУϰŭֵͶ˦Էֱߣ˦ϵģϰ廹ǲ˦ġ
ûСԷ֮ǰ˵ˣҲ̫óġ
㡣
Ҫĵġ
ˡ
ֻ˵ģû˵ôġ
Է˵Ĭ
Ĳľ羰ʱ״̬רԼ飬˹ͨ
Ҳ˵Ŀ
ֻҪʱ򣬾ͻܱŤ鷳
ԣ鷳
Ӱʦģϰǲһĵ𣿡
У㳤ôÿЦһЦô
ÿ춼ҪһñǷǮһˣӦһ㣬лһ㰡
Էû˵
֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
Ƥ̸ʱ򶼻ãϣ۱˵ʲôԷ͸ľͷһ
Ҳ
˵ģҵ顣
ǰǸ˵˼
˼ԵԷΪԼ
磬ͲһҪÿ˶ϲϿİ
ΪʲôԼҪԼ
ȥҪ˶ԼϲϿɡ
ûбϲûбϿɣҲһ顣
٣ԻŰ
ֲ¡
ϰڰ֣Ƭȥɣǰ˵ãƬûɸߵġЩƬǵþޡ
֮ԣɵĻ㲻ǾͰۻ飬㡣
ԷŲ
ʱ䣬ƬѾĥģоҪˡ
ҲƬˡ

ϰŭĿһɡ
ʲô
ΪһӰʦƬǣ
Է̧ͷĿԣʲôˡ
Է˺ܶࡣ
ʼѧӰӰΪ׬ǮΪҼĵġȻý͹Ҷ׬һЩĵɡ
ʱ򣬿ʼоʹˡ
ǾΥĳġ
ͲǴġ
Ǽȥûκ塣
Լְˣϰü
Էÿɷ
ϰЦúޣǿǩ˺ͬΥԼҪ⳥ΥԼŶѧŸձҵɣȷҪô嶯
κһϰģǴϰ廹Сϰ壬ʱҡ
ʱֻ棬Ĺʲôֵֵ岻ġЩҪ
ΥԼ
а
ǾǮ£
ϰ忴ԷЦЦ


39 
Էʱǩͬʱûô, ҲûԺıÿһǮټҲΪѵĽܼ, , Ҳûϸͬ
Ѿȥ, ҺҲתˡΪиߵ棬Ҳʼת͡
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ, 仯ô
Էûбҵʱ, ϰͼΰʾԷ, ҪñͨҪô̰塣Էҵ, ϰҲ˵, ȥ̸ҵ
̸ʲôҵҲ˵
ֻ˵ǿ׬Ǯҵ
Էˡ
ȱǮ, ڵز
Է֪תø˵ʱ, ҾͲٱôˡ
Ǹҵϰ壬ҲǷǳȰӰġΪʽ, û취ټ֧ȥ
ֻתá
Ϊǩ˺ͬ, ټһʱҲûʲôѡҡ
ԷΪֻҪԼͷϵ鶼ˣƽ͵ضȹʱ, һоͶġʹ࣬Ѿʲôˡ
ΪԼ, Ѿȥһµĳ, ԲҪ
û뵽, ϰ徹ȻԼҪ֧ΥԼ
٣Ҫȥ⹤õĳȫ˻, ⻹Ҫҵʧ
Էûо飬ټϰ嵱ʱ̬ȱȽǿƣһ»ˡ
򶨣һһٵ˵
ϰ壬ҼǵãʱǩͬʱûɣȻԷûкϸؿͬԿ϶ûԼȫǲƽȵġ
ΪһʼְǮеôߵķա
ҲȫûбҪġ
۾Ц˵Сѽ㲻֪𣬹תʱеĺͬѾԶˡڶºͬߵġ
Է輱
ȫ֪
ǰ֪
Ҫߣԡ֧ΥԼҪȻʵʵذѺɡ
ԷЩ꣬һֱûʼҪǮ
ѧѣѧӰ豸ǮԼְ׬ġ꣬ý˺ţһ롣ҲߡǿճĿ֧ĴҲ֧һʷѾʣ޼ˡ
ûǮûеȥ⡣
˲䱻˻ߡ
Լúɡ
-
Է¥ݿڣоڷ
˿һ侲ŵˣֻԼ֪ʵܴ
ԭΪԼһֱǰߡ
ԵִԼҪȥĵط
ڣȴо
ָȥһǮ
ʲôҪԼôһõóôǮ
ϰ˵ģԷ㣬ԼĻҪ⹤ҡʵڹõǮûô࣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô㡣
մѧҵʲô
˼ⳡϻ켣꣬΢һŻᵽǮ飬˲䲻֪ӦôӦˡ
ˡ
Ϊû֪ԼûǸ
-
ҹ
ʩæǰ̨Ӹ绰˵ҡ
ң
޵ǰ̨
ʩ˶٣Ӧһ첽޵ǰ̨ȥ
ȵǰ̨󣬷ֲûˡ
һɻؿǰ̨ӣǰָָ̨ϵĵ绰˵ġ
ʩͷ˿Ҳȷ˭绰ˡ
Ͳ˵ιáʩˣ˾ֺͿ
绰ͷȴǷ飺ʩϰ壡ѽĪ㣬Էѡһǵҵİɣ
ôûӡ
ţǵõء
õ϶󣬶ԷЦ˵ģкԷϵô
ô𣿡
ϵģ϶
ǾеѣҲ֪ʲô飬ȱǮʲô飬û˵ԷˣһֱʲôԼģٻڵġ϶ʲô顣㣬֪֪
֪
ʩĬ
ҵᱻƭʲôģ֪һֱСĽҾǵʲô顣һ˺ȥԵġԡ
ûٶʶ˵
ʩ˶٣ڣá֪ˡ
仰ĪüЦţллʩϰ尡
Ӧõġ
ء
-
绰Ҷϡ
ʩûżԷ绰Ҳ֪Ƣԡڿ϶ʲʲô
򴽡
̧ͷǰ̨˵ҳһˣʲô绰ϵ
ǰ̨ˣܿӦõģϰ塣
ף;졣

ȥģҪȥ˭۸۸С
ӿء
-
ͬʱԷӼͬѧյ飬һοʱ˽ǮΪǻǮʲôûһʡֻҪ١
ûҿڽ̫࣬»
Ͼ״̬ԣҲûҵ
ֻһǧĽ裬Ƕǧĸת
Էĸ˵
˵Һܿͻỹǵġ
ûϵ
ÿ˶ô˵
Է¶١
ǰһֱԼ飬ԼԼģ鷳ˣǷ飬Ϊѻ塣
ѡҪ
֪ûеʱǸȫС
ĵطһ̬
еһУġ
ҲΪ̬Ī϶϶Ƿʲô顣ֻԸ϶˵ġ
Ī뵽ʩ
ֻʩԸƽɡ
-
ԷӺҡ
һ¾Լ״̬úܶˣоˣͨˣһ־һж⡣ԼҲ⡣
ûġ
Ҳûˡ
źѹĵס
˯һɡ
ʱ᲻һ㡣
š
-
绰ʱԷƣ״̬
Ժؽ绰ιáûпʾ֪ʩĵ绰
ڼ𣿡ʡ
᲻ߣԷˡ
ڵġ
١˵Ĳ٣ǼԷʱסϸڡȴʣΪʲôҪԼ롣
ʵ˵һ֡
ԷĬ˼ӵʱ䣬˰εεε
žһ
ſ
㡭
ţˡ
-
ӵ
˼ҹӵ
ºԼȵĺҪҩ
ûˡ˵
Է˲
á
Էͷԭί
˵ҪΥԼ𣿶һ˻ظ㷢ЩͣȻǹ⳥ʲôЦ
ô˵ġԷί
ҳʲôʩһۣҲŻձҵС
һʲôתãͬԶ¡תԱҲҪǩͬʲôԶǩֻǸҳڶҿ˺ͬͬʵܼ򵥣֧͵ļ׷ҷǺͬݣһʽȷ͵֧Լڹ涨ʱɹǱ߸㰲ŵĹѡ㲻õĻľþᡣ
ǩĲǡл񹲺͹Ͷĳ˵㶼㲻ԱҾǩͶ͵⳥ɡͶڲ£һ㶼£ҪЩûаɣ
㳶ʲô⳥ΥԼֻŻСѰˡ
Ҳȫõģҡ


40 
Сѡ
˵ԼСѰ
ǾԼɲ
ԷƵ, ʩԴ˵ǸСԴϣֺ˼ʲôˣ
ҲûءԷʸڷϡ
˵ûСʩһѵص㲻Ӧ, Ǿ仰ô

Ǿ仰
ûϸ

аɡ
Զ˺ûı¡
Է޹
û
ˡ
Сƽʲô
ʩֻô롣
šһ᲻, ָ鷳˰Էͷ˵, ʵҲǹЩûƣûǸ
ʼվԼǲֵñ˶ôõġ
ΪʲôûС
ԾʱˣҲ֪ӦλӦ
ѡû
ʩĵػصû, û, ûС
ûС
ǡ
ȥ, 鷳, ҾͲġ
Ȼ, Ϳ϶鷳
ޡ
˳Ĭ, ƺЩΡ
ԷӲͷƤһ⣺ǣ, ôͻȻ˰ʲôûС
Է
ԲûðưЩ, ԸŵĻ, ԣԸ߾͵
̹ڡ
Ǽ˿ˣ̫㡣
ʲôԵĶûС
ȷ, ֻǿˣ
ʩݸûϵȥ¡
Է˼˵ҪҲӦɡ
鷳ôԶһˡ
ʩü
ƺڱ, ֮仹Ҫֵô
Ǹ÷, Ҫİ
˭Ըⱻһֱ鷳ء
ѵӦǻҪô
ðɡ
ôСҪȥʲôóԵأȻϲСƺ, ģʩһƺʵ
С㣿
ƺء
Է٩Ҫʩϰʲô¡
Ŷʩ룺ǰȥԵ
ôڣ
Ըˣ
ҲԸԸɣҪ״̬, ʲôȤ
ţȥԽֽǼ±ζ棬ôʩ˵
ǼҵԷǰʱ򾭳ȥԵģ֮ǰʩüˣ˵Ҫһȥ±ζ档ʩǺϲ棬ÿζ¶ɫ
˼κԷ֪̫ܲϲ棬ûˡ
û뵽ǵá
㲻ǲϲ
𣿡
ûаɡ

Ŷ
-
ֽǼ±ζ棬һʮˡ
ڽֽǿڵСֻͲ֪ʾλá
ԷСѧʱͿʼǼҳˡ
ǼԼֹߦģоһ±˳һʽ˶̤ʵС
Էıصˡ
һ㲻ƼģֻʩƼüΡ˼ûء
û뵽󣬾Ȼ档
⵹Ҳ档
ʲôġ
ʩʾⲢʲô£˵ʳɹȰʳôء
ϰ壬±档
ʩսţѾᳵ·ص㵥ˡ
Էɵؿôоӡһ˶֪±ô㵥ġ
±ζǽֽǵСݣ㵥źһˣΪǼҾֻһ֡
ûѽʩڨЦ˵㲻˵ֻ±
ǿɲֱӵ¡
ðɡ
Էû׷ʡ
ûһᣬͺˡ
׾һ±

±ζûζˡ
Էϲһ±ϯĿУζϵĻ䡣һ棬ԵȺ죬˲ͻˡ
ζ
Ц˵
õˣʩʡ
Էüʲôʱ鲻ˡ
졣
ʩÿɷ
û˵档
ֱ׼գԷһá
ˡ
ʩ׼ȥˡ
Էס˵˵õ벻𡣡
ô򵥣
ôʲô벻һʩΪȻ
Էڰ׷һġ
ԷûǮ
ֻ׼ά룬ϰ帶Ǯ
Ǻڰ׷
Ҫֵԭ򣬼ϲˣС
-
Թͺˡ
ԷͻȻ뵽һ顣
͵̧ͷ˵㡢㡢סﰡ
ԷһŴһӡ
ô˯ˡ
ҪȻһƵɣ
ǡ
㲻סĵط˵
ԷΪԼˣʵ˵ʲô
ʩЦЦ
ȷˡ
ԷҲЦЦԡ
˼ָ˯
ôΪѣ
ΪѲΪѵ顣
أԷҼҰɣûʲô
֮ǣªû취дˡ
֪ԷԼࣺǾ򡣡
ȱʲôǾʲô

Ҳɡ
ǡ
Ǿǲ¡
Ҫô˵ŮûأûطȥʱԼ
ֵԼûطȥʱ򣬾Ϊ¡

Է
ĲǡԷͷС˵Ҳ˯ɳ
Էң˯ɳ
ҪסԼǲԼҪȥ˯ɳ
ŲҪ
ůѽ
ɳеӲ
˯úܡ
ʩʧЦ˭Ҫ˯ɳѽ
Էָָ㰡
С
ʩί
Է죺겻ô

˯ɳˡ
ʩա
Ҫ˯Ҳ˯ɳֵõ㡣ʩǺ֪֮ġ

̫ðɡ
һ˯ɳ
һ롣
ҲǲУҪǲĻ
ʩ
ʸ

ûŶ
-
ȥЩ򵥵ϴƷһᣬͻعԢˡ
ſʱԷ׼뿪ţԵһ˵ɡ
εεΡļſˡ
Էʾ⵽һҼңĶҪҪô졣
ʩһǰۡ
޷ù룬ܲ
Է
Ŷ
Լ˵İ˯ɳġԷƳһۿϵɳ˵
ǿɲԼ˵أ
ԼȡأҪȻ˯
޽ͷ
ʩп࣬Ҳ˵
ţģ
ҲǸ˼
ŶԷչĹĵģָָűϣ˵Ǳߣϴʲô
֪ˡ
ϴϴ

Էȿ˵ȥϴˡ
õĺõġ
˲ʱס
š
š

˭Ҳ֪ĸڳ⡣
ԷԲȽϴģǹζݡ
ĵɡ
Ͼʮ꣬ޱ̰
-
Էϴú󣬼¥
¥µ˶һ󣬾ûжˡ
ô£
Ҳ˵һζ˰ɡ
ʩҲ⣬ȷʵЩˡҲ俪ʼϴ
¥ĶԷʿˮ
˯Ű

ֻӱһڡ
Ҫ˵ΪʲôҲ֪
˯þ
ԷҲ֪
ֻ֪ʵԼиëʱҹ˯Ժϲ
⣬иë
ǡ

ϲɳһᡣ
ñۡ
˯̹



41 
ҹ
ʩѡ
оŸʲô, ȵĺܡȵĺ
צƵ, ܽճס

С
Եġ
һ˯ŵʱ, е㱾ϵġ
ƽΨΨŵŵ, ۵ʱ򣬵Ӳ֪
ϻҲ˯ŵʱ, ѹ, 󻹼װʲô鶼ûз
ܻܲػضô˰
ʩҧг, ȴ޿κΡ֮֮ܲɣδЩ֮Σ
ʩǺԭġ
Է, ţʩҧź˵, ̫, ³˼˯
죬Ҫġ
ʩݺݵּһʡ
-
Էһ˯ޱ̤ʵ, ӣ˯̤ʵ, õһˡ
úܡ
ϲý˯, ǳаȫСŸо
Էڴһ

š
̹
˯һˣ
ԷоԼɵģȥÿһ죬úƣ롣
˻, ͻȻ͵һ

ﻹһڣ
Ͻ¥
ʩɳĽʲôġ
, ̧ͷ, ƣ룺˰
û˯ã
Էʡ
ϾռŴ
Է˼硢簡
šϳ, 껰ſԴ
һֻС޹Դ, ίͰ͵ġ
ô
ԷⲽĸǰɳıϣСʣ㡢ǲû˯ðҪҪȥ˯һ᣿
Ӧûġ
ʩתԴεطһۣ˵أ
ţ
˵ʲô
֪
ʲôѽ
˯ͦõġ


С
ʩû
ϵù
Է
ҵǳȥ԰Էͼתƻ⣬˯ɳͦġ
Թܴӡ
ԡʩԴ˵
ԷһϢ
ǲˣ
ʩ˵˾䣺ʹţ붯
ţ
ôúõؾʹˣ
˯ɳ˯ģ
ʩ
6
Ϸ飬ĳ˿ȫء
Է
зʲô
ʩ
Ҳ֪˭˯ҹɳϣˡ˯ԺʱһֱҪҪ¥˯Ҫȥ˯
Σʩֻñ¥
Է֣Ϊ͸ŻЩġʩ˯Ժģʲô
Ҫ¥ݸǣȦĲϣȵľ
ʩԳ
Ϊ¥ˣ»Ҫôһ
Ҫ
ʩСأհ´ûдһͱһƿˣ˿棬顣
ʩ
һӲš
һʡ
-
Է׷ʲôûӡˡʩҲ̫Ը𣬾ûټˡ
ҽһȥҡʩ߳Ա˵
Էϰһ˰
ʩЦһôˡ⼸꣬ʲôûء
۸ˣʩšü˵
Էʵ˵Ҳʲô۸ɣǱȽ塣ϲЩЦ
Ǻǡʩˣû£ϵʦһȥͲҪȥˡ
ô飬ĸ֪һôôôˣᱻƭ
ǡ
ͷβûС
ƺѾʼΪԷ̧ͷĵ
ΪԶκƫ
-
Էƽʱڼ﹤ģֻг⾰ʱ򣬲ŻšҲżŻȥһˣϰԼúһ룬Ϊᱻס
Эˡ
û뵽Ȼ˰
ŮССͣĻôƯô˵ôأʲô˵°ܻǸäءҲԸ̰Ŷϰʩĵһۣɫеġ
ʩ촩ĺܼ򵥣һ׳װ㡣
㡣
˿̫ˡ
ʩЦûϵǵʦϾ͵ˣǲңϸ̸۵ġ
ʩ˾ֶû͸
ùҡ
۵ĹҰˡ
㿪ʲôЦءô飬õʦḡЦЦ
ʩЦ˵ڿЦ𣿡
ҹǲǿЦҵĵ̡ҪҵĹ
ðʩҲͰĹ˲һ£¿ɲֹһҹҰɣǻͶҹ˾İɣ
ôмҹ˾ǹĿտǹ˾Ŷ
飬ʲô⣬͵Ҫרҵʿˡ
⻰¶ɫ
㡢Ϲ˵ʲôءͬͬնѡ
ʩ򶨣Ҳҵʦύҵġ˰һ飬Ҳò顣
ϿС͵Ĺңڵ©ܶడ飬ջ񶼲Сء
ʩġ
ûеԷЩȫϾǰĵط
˭ҲԸ
һϢ
ʱſһˣʩ΢Ц˵˼ҵʦ·е³ˡҪ̸ȥأզǽˬ˵ˬ£һ˶ϡýĽ壬ýԼĽԼ
һΪҲκ⣬Ҫǽ⳥ôǾ߷ɳ򡣡
⳥ŶûС
Ҫ˾⳥Ƕ㵽סͿӦҪճˡ
ֳ棬ʩ˵û
ȫǰһ仰˵
΢΢šü
ֻŻһ¸ձҵĴѧû뵽Ȼı
ôǵΡǵʱҲܱģϣҪ̫ʱ䡣ʩͨ뺣ߣλʦ˵Ҳһ̡
áԳۡŮʿĴʦִҪҷ˽⳥ǽһĹͨǰպͬ涨ԼҷҲص֤¡
ʦټ˵ʲôϳȿ޻ѿЦ˵ѽ㿴ֵģʵһᣬᡣ
ǽԼǲǡα˵ء
ǹҲȱˣοСأ⼼Ҳ̫аüͶˣһСң԰ɡ
ⲻǸúùͨҲȥ̬ȣһֱڷء
㿴⵱ϰģҲͦ׵ġҪôԱأͶߣǸ˵鲻޹زɷԲʱʲôΪ׬ǮҺڡ
Щαôƽϵء
ϰ廰˵ĺȫ棬еιԷϡ
ԷӶˡ
ġ
ʩס֣
ݵؿǰˣҲ೶ˣԭȺͬǩģҲǹΥԼȡǲȥƽϣǵëϣ㡣
ǽ˽ºͽ⣬ֱ̡
ԼҲúõ뿴


42 
ҲǼ, ҲǮ£û취˹ңԷͼ, ȴʩ, ûϵġ
㲻ýʲô, Ҫǵã飬ǾͲûҪǿԼоĺͲ, ͣ
κЭ, Ҳκα֤ʲô
Ϊ㲻Ҫ

Щ, ĸԷܴ
ҧҧ촽, ʣĿ
ʩƶظȻ, Ϊʲôأ
ʩ, ǿӵһһֱڸܿ϶Ĵ𰸡
Եġ
Ϊʲôء
֪ˡԷȻ, һԿ˵ܾ˰
ţ
-
и˳ؽˣԷ͹ҽԼ, һ֧ǰһ¹ĳ͡ԷǮ, ˵һҪʩԶٺõġ
ֻŻùһЩ
ʩҲ֪˼ܣûʲôԵ, ҿܾͻsˡ˼ǣҪȥʲôǮ
á
ձҵĴѧ, ûʲôǮ
ʩ˽, ϶뷽跨Լȥġ
ôỨǮء
ֻҲ
, ֻҪˣһҪ˼
ʩҲ֪Լ϶ֲ, Լܵ
Ϊ֪Ѿ޷ܾˡ
Ͼͻȥ˰ǮԷû뵽еģˣϲһԿԻкڣԸʲôҪ
Ϊʩ˳ԼˣõǮ
ԷǴȥԹһĶԱʾԼл⡣ֻ˵ҪȥӦ޺;ƹǱʲôɣ
Է̡
ʩ˵ţǴϻȥġ
ǿ϶䡣
ǰ˿֣˴㣬ǿԵġȷԼ϶
ǡʱ㡣Է촽
ݸ
ʩͷ
š
̬ȣͻȻԷЩ̫
û˵Ҫ¡
żߡ
ԷôżػȥǲǱʲôһҪ¡
ʩ
ˡ
԰
ȷʵС
Ǹ˲ڽǰô
ﻹҪϼ
ڼƽʲô
Ǳߣ
ѲԴף
ʩ˵ǰҪһҪѽҪȻӹöȤ
Էġ
һ˵ǾͲҪȵϻȥ£ھඡȵʲô
ʩЦҡҡͷż

ߣߣߡԷеˣʩҲˣɫ˵úúã߲ߣǱûʲôҪˡ
ҪˣѾˡ
ǰ
ֻǲ㻨Ǯ
˵Ҫߵġ
ǡ
ûʲôǵġʩƶ˵ŴѧձҵѾöˣԣҪȥԴͣԡ
㡣
ҪȻĻھƱsˡ
ˣ
֣
в
֪᲻ߣ
һٺõģ
Էͨ죬˵߰ɡ
ԭ򲻿Ըı䣡
ҪȻĸǰԶֻܵͷûԼĵ

ʩʣ˰
ߡ
ߡ
˭ϡƵġ
ԷѾʼˡ
ʩоˣŵĸϽ첻˵һᣬŸ˵ЦЦ
ߡ
Է
Ҳˣ
˭ҿЦģ
ʩ
ҿ
ʩϻȥƱΪǱʱЩ飬Ҫȥһˡ
ٱǰڻվ⣬Էһֱ
˳˼ĪǵɫˣһϽֿڵĹӵꡣҲһҺʮϵˡ
ζܵصڡ
Ҿ˵ǲôһ㡣
ʲô
ʩҡҡͷ˵ҲûʲôǱߵĳʦҲĪɫˣÿγԵʱ򣬶ò˵ʲôζ
ʵʦĪɫˣѾܽӽʩζˡ
ʩ˵˵ʲôζ
ֱڲʶɫǵ΢ᡣ
s˿ζأƫǱߵĲˣζƫءĪϲƷԼѬ
Ʒʱĳķͣȱһɣζ
ڼģԼƵĵص
ĪǽֽǿڵĹӵ꣬Ǻܶɫ˵ԭϣԼƵġ⴫ҲѳԵصһڡ
ͶԵ㰡
Ͼ棬ѳԵڵġ
Էһӡ
ʩĶ㶡
Էʣô 
ô˼ǣüУ
ܾãûиҼйˡ
Է
Ϊôˡ
ⲻǺϾܶûˡƺط󣬵һƽ͵ȥ
ʩû˵
Էָһӣһһꡣ
룬ҸΣ㳶ƽ
Էһһ䣬ʩĿһֱĶ
ֱ꣺ˣǳƽ
ƽ
š
ƽ
Щ£̡
ȥЩ飬ȥ׷䣬ƺѾûʲôˡ
Ҫǰģô
Щ䣬ɬĳˮ
ǲ
ԼһֱƴؾãޱȵĹ⡣
ʵ˵ڱ˶ԣʲôǡ
ޱ¸ҵഺ
ڡ
ˡ
á
ǣ¿ʼ
ʩ˵
Ǵյôɣʩסһϵġ
˳ԹǱߴ绰ʩӵǸ绰󣬾͸Է˵ǸҿܽһҪȥһˡ
Ȼû˵ǳʲô飬Էܸоʲô¡
ԷҲûй
á
㡣
-
վ⡣
ԷĬ
ʩȿĿڣǱûʲôҪˣ޳һЩ飬Ҫһȥһ¡ʲô£㲻õġ
š
򳵻ȥʱ򣬵˺˵һ
š
УһҪ˯þҹϲʱСһ㡣˯ɳʹ
ţ
˯ɳ
ڵʱʲôʱ˯ɳˣ
˯ô
СڵʱҶ˯ĴԷʸڷϡ
ʩ΢ЦЦϸ롣
룿
⻹Ҫϸ룿
˯Ĵ
ʩͷͣǣ
Ҳѹ졣
Է
˭أ
ʩͷЦЦû˵
ǵͷ˻ֻԷû
֪æ
˳Ĭ˻ᣬʩһֻϵʱֻӽʱˡ
ˡ
Ҹհкˡ
ţ
Ըոֻæ飬ǡ
Էһ
ҿԼгİ
С
͸Ҫվһ
Էû˵
ҪߵʱʩȻĸǰ˵Է
ûԷʩ³һ仰ٴ˵һ£ǱûҪˡ
Ϊˣ
£ζؿһۡ
תΪ˽ߣԷݡ
һ롪
ʩһЦݣתˡ
Է㶡
ʲô˲
ι
ѻ˵߰
ʲô˼


43 
ʩ, Էһڳվվ˺þá
ﷴʩǰ˵Ǿ仰˼ҪˣsСҲ˵
, 绰ֵǸŮ˵, Ǹûʲôϵ
ǿİɣ
ﰡ
ǡ
Լ
Էټȥˡ
һ顣
صޡ
ԷѾúСĽˡ
-
ʩϳ, һֱڻظϢ͵绰
ԣϳˣʱֱȥǱǰɣµԭ, Сǵҵ˵
𣿲áгġ
ġ
, ȶ, ³ֱӹȥ
绰Ҷϡ
ʩȥ΢Ϣ, ߵ, ϵȫûȥ
̫Էһֱæ, Ϊ֪Ρ
ȴе󣬻Ҳൽվˡ
ʱ俨ĺ׼, ԷϢʣ㵽
ʩأţ𳵸ͣ
ԷϢܿ˹ôȥ, ӻվǱ߲ǺԶô
˾ѽ
Ŷ
Էûټʲô
һ䣺·עⰲȫ, ޵ʱ򣬸˵һȥƬˡ
á
ʩֻתתӡ
һֱͷڻϢ, ʹúܡ
ĳһֱͣڻվĵң˾ȻԼûԷ˵ʵ, Ҳġ
ûȥ, ҲΪϴοȥ, Ȼһ·ţǲ鷳ʲôġ
ʩý͡
ʡ¡
Ҫȥһ˾֡
Щ, ʩҲ̫˵
Щ̫õ飬ֻԼȽ·񣬴ȥԹ
Ϊ֪Թûá
-
޴ӿҵڣǵһµġ
޿ͣͣһ䷿ʱ𲽼һǧӣҲ߰ҡѵģ϶Ǯ
Ҷεġ
ͼġ
Ҫǣ޵ķȫ
һʮ䷿ȥ䱸˾ǰ̨ࡢԼʦֻҪǵѵĹ˿ͣһǺ
ʩ޿ҵʲôԼŵġ
˵sеĺҵʼġǰҶѡסȻ档
ںܶˣֱԤߵޣ۸һЩֵá
ʩ⼸ľҲȷʵ档
Եӵ绰˵£һһЩʱŭֵѾˡ
ΪԷڣסˡ
һͣһ˻sеĳֻΪһᡣ
ǰʩûİԺԡ
Ǻܼģߵÿһʱ䡣Ϊ˿ޣѧƣԼһЩ޷ͼֶֽǱߣ᳹ҹд衣
дʱ򣬾Ͷ㵽¥ݿڳ̡
һˡ
ͱϵʽԼάϵһιϵ
Ϊ鷳ӱ˵ԼҲΪκˣͣԼĽŲ
Էһ⡣
Ӹϵʽʩ֪Щ飬ƺѾİѿطΧ֮ˡ
طһ
Щ飬Ѿ԰ѿصķΧ֮ˡ
-
ʩֵʱһһͷ˾ĨŴɫںŮ˳˹϶Цݵ˵ʩʩˡ
֣ȴʩܿˡ
ء
Է򣺡ǲµʱͿˣ

ͦ
ʩʣôһ¡
Ů˰ܽˮζŮˣҰúܣ˽ȴáرڼʩʱ򣬾͸һֻСèһıϡ
һеģСԤߵޡȻûס죬ͱԭ䷢£ԭʹˣץСѽ˳Ͱ޵ķˡ
ǹϲǣϲ⳥ˡʩɫץСץСʲô
ÿڳҪڳĻ˭Ҷޣ͸Ҹ˭ƴ
ÿ䷿ĲֺƷڼһеʩӹģеȥгԵģЩԼġ
֮гϺһģһġ
˵޼֮ʩı
˭Զı
Ļ
-
ҡ
˵ԭ伫ţŴ磬Ǹ̫̫ģϵ൱ȡÿһ綼ߵˣҲȱǮ
ʩš
޵ϰǰɣôģϹСסޣ޲˲ʲôаϹѽԲԣҿ϶ѽ
ʩһ򶨵ؿء
ŮЦ˵ȻҪ۵
ԾͿʼ޵Ķ
Ů˲ϣǲң
ǡ
ʩЦˡ
Ů°ͶʩЦŮ˺ܲ⣬ʲô̬Ȱ
ʩۣЦЦ
ٴ̧ͷʱ۾ѾûЦˡ
ĿⶨŮ˵ϣԸо۾ŭλŮʿȻҪҽԵġأʲôͷ飬û취˽ºͽġ
Ϊⲻ𡣡
ԣǸ߷ɵ̾߷ɵĳ򡣡
Ҿܾ˽ˣ𡣡
Ů°գʣʲô˼
˵䣬ʩһƳϣĿϬһɷ֤ްס޵ǰ̨Ƿ޹ϵȨ˵˽ɷšܲϣǽṩ¼֤ݣԴ˱޲֪顣
ڶɷԼڷִʱǵĹԱͼǰȰ裬ȴһ⣬ѾˡҲṩص֤ݣܹѰ»ΰΪл񹲺͹̷ڶپʮ
ɷ˵ִУ޵˽˲Ʋطģٹ˽ٵĲﾭֵ2000ԪϣѰﹹҪģѰڷѰģٵĲֵ5000Ԫϵģɹٻڷ
ȻСֵǮˡҶ--Ʊء
ٸ˵ϸ㰡ݡΰʮй涨ٹ˽ģ510¾Բ500Ԫ·ڽصģ1015¾Բ1000Ԫ·
˵ǲҡ˼ֳ֤ݣ֤ǹ𻵵ġҲ˵ˣҾܾ˽ºͽ⣬߷ɳ򡣡
ҲҪõе⳥ңǮҲûá
ʩ˵꣬Ů˵ɫֱ䡣
ץѣôڷҪץˣ
ڿʲôЦһСС޵ġʲô
ʩûĻǿԵŮˣһ޹ܣո˵СС޵ء
վԵŮˣҲסЦݣûϵǽۣҲȱǮʱҲһѡ

ЩС¡
˵Ů˰ǿ
ԼϹܲסȥץģȴ˼һϷ룬˼Сඡ󻹱ԼϹǿͷеǮҲûá
ϹӲڡ
Ҳѹ֡



44 
, ı½˾֣ʩ
Ҳ佱ʩϰŶ
ʦķˡ
ɱķ
ʩɬЦЦ
ڵĵǱƳġ
մѧҵǻ, Ҳ֪ǳ˶ٿ, ȹٿ, ڵơ
Ǳĥġ
ʩǵԼsǻᣬʲôûС
ԼĿ߻鵽Ͷʣû˻ҲȥһӵķزۡΪƯ, ټҵǿ, ̶̰ʱ, ۻһԴ, ҲС
ҰĿɲֹˡ
ٺпһҺ޺;ƹݵ˰
ֻձҵ, Ȼͬ˵ǻ, Ҫ޺;ƹݣĿɲһ㡣
֮ǰǼ, Ϊ˶׬Ǯҹְ
û뵽, ԷȻǸƭ, Ȼһ˽ȥƭһЩǮ, ڸձҵ˵ǷǳĴǶʱ, һֱڷԼ, ȥԼ, ǲˡ
Ҳ˿ͻԭȹ⣬ΪС, Է˽ԭίƮƮ˵˾䱧Ǹ˦˼Ǯ˵˽ˡ
ʱʩʲô
ҪǷŵڣ˭ҪǸҶԿ
㲻ˡ
⼸ôһڵģֻԼ
Ϊõһʺܿɹ۵ɣȵҹһ˴򳵻סĵطΪõõĿҹȴͬ°һ
ڣҲʱʶġ
ѾȥʱָĳЩȥ飬ȴһ˫ֿġ
ڵɲô۸ġ
ʩϾĮ
-
ʩص޺ȸԷϢ˵Լˡ
Էʱ䣬ԤһСʱûʣǶԷ˵ˣ·Щ鵢ˡ
ʲô飬û˵
ԷҲûʡ
ֻ˻ع鵽ƽ
ʩȥһŶǼӣ̨ܻơϴδʩ飬ٿ׷϶ܷڵϡ
̨ʩҲ֪Ϊʲô׼ܾãٴλص߰ɡ֪ڵǰƬ
ǰˡ
ʲôʱõϣҲ֪
-
Īǡ
ԷڵǰǰĵƬ
ľ羰ճ䡣
Էиϰߣÿβ֪ʱ򣬾ͻ֮ᷭǰƬһһŵؿһһŵޡ
ʱô򷢵ġ
Ǹ̤ʵİ
ȫ뵽飬Ҳֺ̿ͽǡرƽͣʵеķգڡ
ǲһ㡣
ᡣ
ֿ
ûڵĵطжȻζ
Էס֣˶١
ҳsСƸӰʦ֡ܿ죬˺ܶ๫˾͹Ƹǻ칫˾ĸӰʦ
ûʺġ
Է̾˿
ѲɣҪϱУȥ
ǡ
ϲʦ

һˡ
ͲôΪԼ϶῿ӰԼġ
ڣʣµģֻӰˡ
ԼҲ֪Լ

ҪĻܺҵġ
Լסˡ
׼ȷ˵Ǿޡ
ܵų˹ͨ
-
ԷǵԼСʱʱܻܵûгһС˵жܳɣٶǺõġű޺·Ҳȥ棬ԴӵܵܳЩԭĴȫûˡ
еĿ⣬˵ܵܵϡ
ܱҪæɻʱ
˵ܵøʪι̡ܵܺܵ桢ܵϴ·
кܶࡣ
ЩԷǲˡ
ܵܳҲû˸ա
ĸƽҲٸ·ˣЬҲǴŲŻʱԷãһӱúˣʱֺܸԣ
ܴܵʱʼ濪ʼȤ࣬ϵʲôҪҪǣһҪȤѵġ
ԷûС
ԼŬصĸУȴδõĸĿ佱ԼŬ˺õĴѧҲδйϿɡѧӰûʼҪһǮһֱǿǰߡ
ΪģΪ˿ԼӸùһЩ
Ϊ֪ûκ˿
ֻܿԼ
ǡ
ʩǰһĪİȫС
Ǳκͱš
ְ̫̰ȫˡ
ҪԼźԱطʽͿӵе⡣
̫Ҫˡ
-
֮ļ죬Էҹ
ѡĹضsУûҺʩ˵ȥsС̫鷳
ֺ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôìܵ
סںߵޣȴھᣬԼʲôݳߡ
˼죬ԷûҵԼϲʺϵĹ
˵ǴѧҵĴѧҸоͷҪˡԷ͵ġ
ˡ
ɡ
Է̾
-
sС
ʩһֱڴ֮ǰ¼Էһֱϵ˵Ҫ˽ˡʩĴҲȷ
ܾ
Դϴ¼˼⼸ֵΪĲ룬Ƕġ
ʩͲã޿ҵڣûкúϢ
óŴʱ䣬ͣӪҵ˼졣ҲԱһܵļ٣Լһ޺;ƹݡ
ܾûôˡ
޿ҵڣоԼһһææ⣬ʲôԼһˡ
ȻڲǮˣ޺;ƹ⣬ҲͶʡ˵ԼﲻԾ
ӭ洵
ʩһؿԶĹ⡣
롪
˹ȻԼ̫ˡ
-
ԷӵĪĵ绰ںͣӪҵĵڶ졣
ֻ𶯽ѡԺ̧ۣĪĵ绰벻ΪʲôԼ
ϴεĽԼ粨˳ԷԭⲻǮת˳˶ٷ
ҲʱԷ֪ʩĪԼĪҵ
ѹˡ
˵ôɺϵ顣
ĪЦ˵øлҰҾ֪ʩϰ㡣㰡˼ҶôˣôĪǴסİ
Ҫͷɱȥˡ
²ɣⶼΪġ
Է
绰ͨԷЩ˵
ţڡ
˵ʲô
Ҳ֪
áҿ
ԷһˣĪ˵ʩϰͣӪҵˣ֪ǲǳʲô顣֪ô
Է֪
ʱʩ˵Լ֪ԷʲôķӦһ
Էڸ󶨾Ƶƽ̨һȦȷʵͣӪҵˡ
ǵ޻һý˺ŵģԷȥȷĶ̬ͣӪҵʱԼΪһС
й˿ǲǷʲô飬˻Ӧ
Ƿʲôõô
ͣӪҵʱʩĪǻȥʱܽӽѵ죬ҴææӵǸ绰
ԷоԼȻ١
ڵ
Ȼ
ء

ϵġ


45 
sлվ
Էһ
Լû뵽, ڵȻĳ嶯ڲǰΪsûҵõĹҪ, ûһ, ȻֱƱsˡ
ܶ궼ûôһһˡ
Ҳкܶ, û˿Ҫȥһˡ
Էסؿڣǿҵоʻ, ûɵЦЦ

ˡ
һôﺰ
-
ʩʱ֪ԷѾs, һںߺƾơ
Ӵҵ, ⻹һθԼôʱļ١
ǰ, Ҫ, õĿڱ, ׬Ǯ⼸귢ʱ, ϵڸĽҲǳӿ˵ۺ
Ȼһǧ, Ҫ˵ж, ߳˺µʵֹۡĿǰ޼ϲ;ƹ, ԼƷһһ뻹ǿԵġ
Ҳֵ, ʩ, ҲʼͶҵ
̸ͶĿӰ, ý𣬿ʼԼ˺, Ȼȫؿʼ
֮ǰ˺ŵģһֱû˴
˿࣬ԲûʲôЧѾй˿ܻעһ¡
ʩ롪
ԷóӰϲأ
޺;ƹԼɫƬԼý˺ţá
ʵĽͰյнɣ϶ĪǸߡ
סҲⷿҲԼɱΪ㡣ô׬ǮʵʵڿԴġ
ȿԷسֽĹ
ǲ֪ԸⲻԸ⡣
ʩĪǻһֱµĹ滮ڿԼδӦôߣôԷ
ԡ

ʩڲҿ϶ԷΪsС
ȷǣһݺõĹԷΪǶӵĵط
ʩһֱΪ˲ӦΪ˭
ΪԼҪ¡
ʩԼķʽԷ
Ϊ
-
Է˺ܾá
ǲͨʩĵ绰
绰һŽͨʩͦƵģʾΪԼˡ
绰ιԷ𣿡
Էһ֪Ծˡ
˶٣أҡǡ
ȶˣ
ʩüЦûѽҾǺ˵Ŷ
Է
С
Լ򳵰ɡ
źˣһ绰Լġ
ڿ
ûˡ
ûȶġǿ
Է˵˾Ʋģصǿ˾䡣
ԷĬҲΪ˾ƣ֪˾ƺڽгϽһȥ޵ĳ
û˼ȥظˡ
Ŷ֪
̸˼䣬ûһᳵˡ
ԷҲ˵Լе飬͹˵绰ʱʩ֪sˡ
˵绰Ӻյһƺš
˰죬û
Էôˡ
Էû
ӭ洵ʩ˻ᡣ
ƺ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵ҪĻһҪѳƺŷ
ԣǴȥ棿
棬ڴ򳵻ؼң
ʩﰡ
ؼ
ǡ
һᣬԷأţؼҡ
ʩҲȾˣר죺㡣
Է˭Ⱦˡ
о˲١
ʩأܺ˭ء
Լ¡
Ǻƾƣ
ǲǷʲôˣ
Է̽Եһ졣
Ҳ̫ش
Ҳûʲô飬еˡҪϢ£Լ˼١
á
Էûٻظ
ʩôһֱš
ǰʱҲֻҪˣʩ˱顣
רĺ죬˵
ʩٱҵܶ鶼δ֪ԼҲûҪ飬ĸûơ
ȻǶŮûкܿ֡
ܹ¶
Сǡ
û˿ģҲ˿ڡ˵⡣
Էȴᡣ
Ѿȥô꣬˵˷ǣΪʲôֺ΢ĸоȴһֱڡ
ʩͷӶù
Ѿٹ¶ˡ
-
ʩϻ˯Ҫ˯ȥһ紵΢΢⡣һ磬
һֻûء
ǲѾˣ
ǡ
ֱʰɡ
Է³ͿʩϢˡ
Էվ޵ĴſڣۿȥиӰںߵϡ
ģ
ˡ
Էߣֻмľʱת̧ۡ
Ҿǰ
ϢʱʩΪԼˣΡ
תȻ̧ۡ
ĸǰվһӰ
żľ롣
ʩ˵ƣĲ岻
ۣ˼Է
ԼǺȶˡ
ʼֻþˡ
þԼϢ
͡
ˡ
ţֻһۡ
ôоΣ
ԷԭأûʲôӦ
ѵԼһû
ԶĪǸȻһ㶼þϲ
Էһʺš
΢΢Щŭȥ
ֱվĸǰʩˣŸҿ϶ǰˣԷ
ģ
Է
Ȼм
ҺȶˡʩЩŭͷ
ԷղŲ˵ûȶ𣿡
ʩƤЦ˵ûкȶѽ˵꣬ԷһΪء
⻹ʶģ侲ŵĴ
Է˵㻹ǵԼ˭ô
Ȼ˰ܿ϶
Է˵ء
Էװ۵ģôʩûסһסˣСɰѽ

ˣåԱİɣ
Է
ҿǺȶˡ
ʩֱ˵ûȶ࣬Ҳûкȶࡣһվء
¡
׼һģЩˤԷۼֿ죬һѽס΢壺⻹ûȶ𣿣
ʩס
ҿ
ί
ԷҲû˼
Էûһ档
ҷط䣬òáԷʡ
ʩǲԱ
Է
ʩߺ󣺡õģ㲻Ը⡣
Է
ʩίģҶ֪ġ
Է
ʩӣͰ͵˵Լߵġ

ⳡݳ
ǸԹ߶øɡ
ԷεҿԱ㣬ұط䰡
ʩ˵ίͰ͵ǣϴζشˣ

ʲôʱ顣
ʩԭίϴ˯ɳʱ򰡣ҹţͼɳˡ˯һ룬ұش˯
£
ʩ
С
û¡
ġ
Ҫô˵ڶʹ
ɲǱġ
˼ʸڷϡ
õġ
ǳ
Էġ
Ҳ

ŵǸúĶıܣǡ


ء
Էˡ
֪ǴΣǱʩݼ۷ˣԷ˿ڣұ㣬ҿԱ㡣
ԸԸⰡ


46 
㡢˵ʲôʩл, û̫˵ʲôֻǻԼˡ
ԷǹſĿڣû뵽ȴ˵û塣
û˵ʲô
ʩߺ󣺡˼û˵һ, òá
Էܾ֮ǰͷԼϵë, ûʲôġ˵һ, ԷҪû壬ǾͲˡ
ʮӵȶԷҪǶԷûӦ, õ, Ͳˡ
ʶʩǻ, ȴ˺ܶʱȥĻӦȴʱ, ĪĽǡ
Լ, Լûж˼
ҲǺ, Ϊʲôڱܾɾϵʽ
Ҳһֵԭ, ֻҪϵû취úõȥ顣
Զնϡ
ʩ, Էһ, ƽظʲ˵Ļ˵ҿűȥ
ҪԸĻ
Ҫû, ǲ˵ˣ
Էﰵ˵
£ʩ, һѽס, ߺ˵ҲŲҪ, ҾҪ
Է
óôǰɡ
ƫģԶ޿ֶ԰ɡ
Ҿžеġʩֲ˾䡣
ƺڻӦ, ôߣг޿֡
ûأ
ӵ¶ȣ͸
ʩۡ
Ρ
ʵ
ԷȻˡ
һ
š
-
ա
ʩ˯ɹ͡
ܶ겻˯ȵ̫ˣѵ˯Ȼѡͦģôƣҵ˯
ֻ
ⴲƽ˯ѽ
֪ԼΣǳֻþˣȻԷ
Ŷ
ǡ
ʵʩľģһ˺ƾƣƽͷЩ
ʩһ׼𴲡
š˯Ȼĺʩۣ컨һʱڲԷſ̽Դ
ʩͿԷԴһ
㡢ôﰡ
𾪡
ɻ

Ȼ飬λҲһɶˡ
С
ܺá
Էûػأôӭ
ǿ϶ǰ
ʩ֪Լ˵ˣ˵ô᲻ӭѽֻǲ󡭡
ԣϡ
ΰ

ΪΣԣе޼ɵˡ
ʩû̧ͷ
ʲôˣԷƤЦⲻЦ˵ҲǡϾӭ˵ķʽȡ¡
У
ʩ̧ͷҪ͡
񡪡
ַʲô
ҡǹġ˵ƣΪΡ
͡ûѹסԼʵ¡
ҲûʲôԷڡ
Ҳûзʲô
䡭
Ҳ֪ķ룬ֻܰϵ˯ˡ
Ȼĳ˿ɾҪ˯ඡ
ʵʩҪ˵ǣǸ׼ġ
ô˵ʩ뵽ʲôʣ㻹ǵ밡
ǲȻء
ס룬һģһġ
ҿܻôԷ˵Ҳеˡ
ǵҲǡ
СԢ룬Ҳ
ôǡ
ǣҵõϴʩˣûҡ
ԷתԴһ
Ȼûϣ̬Ѿ
ʩûٹʣǳǳЦˡ
ȥŪͣ˵ͻȻúܺá
Էüзư
ʩ˵ԱҲеġ
ʲôԡ
ûʳľȥҪǾĲóԣȥԡ
ֻҪߣʲôԣԡ
Ǿãзư̫鷳ˣԵСԷ˵
Ų鷳
𴲣ʩȻоԼ
ڴһ
ȥŪ
Է
ôܾãĳƺ̫ˡ
ͼһ㡣
Է衣
벻ͼʲôǽǮ
ͼʲô
Է벻ˡ
ֱʣ

Ǻεġ
Է롣
һһɡ
-
ʩԸԸ﷢չʱԷ˵ҲʹӦô
ʩ
ʲôʱ飿
Է˵
ܾԺʩŷӦ
ͣӪҵʱs죬һƺţǻؼһȥ
ţؼҡ
ںǰ
Ѿļˡ
ʩ׷ӦһֱЦ
-
ϣʩԷŪһӳԵġ
˸ԲԷûţһᣬʣ⡢Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԣ
²ҪƶƤ
ûϵܳԶپͳԶ٣ԲԴȥԣ
ԣǸҪˣ
ʩæͣҲǸ˼ҵ˼
ˡԷҪ͵ĻԷɡ
ǵû
ԼȷʵҪȥġ
ιҲҪӡ

ѾˣȷûʲôˣҲӦҪȥġ
š
-
ҵͻȻͽ
ʩ֪Լ˵ˣ治Ҫߵ˼ġ
϶Ҫߵġ
ҲԼ飬ԣһóԵĸԲĻԴȥԡ
ԵóԵġ
ԷȻҲ
ֻǣҲе᲻߰ˡ
û취
㡢ҪϢѽԷʡ
֪޷ʲô϶˵ʵġ
ʵġ
Ϣһܣм졣
ǣһ˾һ޴Ű
ûʱȷʵôġ
ˣҲбĿܵġ
ǿȥתתʩʡ
ԷüѾ㣬ȥתת

ȷʵһζ
ʱǵɡ
ѾкܶûиһͨˣԷ롣
Ҳк𡣡
ǵȳ꣬ȥϴ衣
š
-
ʱ·һӹúܿˣ
һ޵ʱʩֻܿȾƽơ
ڶ˺ö˼飬ʩϴ裬һ·졣
ҺˣԷоԼûһᣬͺˡ
ʵһᣬҲûϵġ
ȥأʩʡ
Էɴ۾ң
طϤô
ðɡ
ʵʩƽһ˵ʱҲѵóš
һŶ£ֱĿĵصġٻй䡣Ĳ̫Ϥ
ǣ¡˵
˶Աˡ
Ҳûʲôֵ
ֻһŸš
򵥵ģ͸͸
š
-
кܾãûһˡʩ˵
Էſλãʩ棬˶죬򵥵Ĵţɳڸӭ
ǰ
ʮ꣬ԷҲûʲôǮ
ȥĵط˵Ĺ
һһεģӳϵǱ
ﵽ
Լ
ǰãԼ˺ܶ鷳ԷŴ⿪ڡ
ôء
ôء
ҡҲǹɾġ
طһֱû⡣
˴ﶼ飬һֱڵġ
֪
֪
Էɻ
ʩݸ֪㣬϶ⶪҵİֻҪˡʱֿŬ
㿴ⲻǣټô
ԣڲǸҪ𣿡


47 
һһε, Էû˯ãεͣڴС
ÿһι, Ƥһ㡣
оѾ, ԴЩײԱߵĴϡǲʩڵķ򿿡
ǿ־һ
ʩĬ, ȴɫǱ߶˶λãʱ˾밤úֻܽҪԷһԴܿļϡ
ٳûκζ
ϵĶ, ҲǱߵķ
㡭û취, ʩֻ, ҪҪҵļ˯һ, ﵽ, Ҫʱ乫ġ
˼˰ɣ
ʩ̡
ԷִһǷ, Դ˵ˡ
һ˯ȥվô졣
¶, Էǰûٸɡ
ֻҪԼţȲġ
ʩ
Ǳ, ôͷһ³ġ
ԷСૣҲŲǱ֣
ֻǾ᷸Ժ
úú, 㲻Ǳ
Ҳǡ
ʩ˵
Լ˵˼Ҳļ
ҾͿһ᣿Ҫ۵Ļͺ˵ԷСʡ
ʩһ˲Ӧ»á
Ųء
˵ˣ, ôء
ȷԼԿԷļؿ˹ȥһ紵, ˿𡣻ŵķζ
ζܵ, ȴŵֱԺ
ʩԴ֪Ҳķ˿, ӹĴбŴ˵ϡ
¾á
-
ԷһΡ
ǻص˴һ, տʼѧϰӰʱʱûʲôǮӰ豸͸Ӱѧѧ裬һѧһȥݴ򹤡
ȥݴ򹤣ҲƬ͸Ƭ
Ƭļѧģʵæиĳͣ޷ֱ档ͷ׼ˣ᱾ܵط
ھݱ˷ġ
ڶǵãʱС׬һǮ󣬾ǱǮȥӰ豸ˡ
ʼֵa6300۸5000ҡ
ܲ°ɣֵ죬õ˿ݺ󣬷Լһֱڶ
˷ܵ޷˯
һ˵ʱĪͿˡ
Լֲ嵽ǿĻѹΪҲ죬֪Լ˿¼ְǮѰµѡǵһ˫Ьһ·ֹܶ۸
ȴҪƴȥְſܵǱǮ
Ҳ˵ԼǲĽ׵
ҪĶ׾ٵصõֻǺȻʶԼŬſӵеĶڱ˶ԣʲô¡
˵Ǹо
죬Ÿʩдš
дҪߣҿܾͲôίˡ
ʵҲίǾãԼʲôûС
ҪĶҪԼŬſӵС
ֻܸԼŬûġ
Ŭôдأ
ôǴأ
ˮصֽϣֽд˿֪ί
ԷźɣҪ߾ȫþȫԿһ⡣
ϣ
ͬʱоϢʹࡣ
΢΢ü£һΡ

оѣڵش
ʩҲĶ񣬸æļ򣬡ôˣج𣿡
ԷתԴ
Ǹоһ˿ů⣬תӣһѽӵסš
εûꡣ
һǻ¡
Һú¡
ٴӿ˹
û£ڵġʩţ빫ȷʵ̫ˣܿǾ͵վˣҴȥԺóԵġ
òá
Էûƴǣá
-
ԷûиʩԼʲôΡ
ҲȥǼ꣬һôӰȥġΪȥĶѾȥˣҪڡ
ҲҪһؿʼΣõġ
ȥ˵صʳʳ󣬻һչ
ǿйصģ𺳵ġǵڸտʼѧϰӰʱԷҲԺԼǲҲ԰һƷӰչ
ǡ
Ŀʼ뵽ҵԼ̫Сˡ
ҵĴзǳ࣬Է֮ǰʶһԷֻмǧ۵ʱȫѾ˿İˡ
˼Ҷװչ
˵Լֲʲô֪ңõóֵƷҲǺܶ࣬Ͳչʲôˡ
˵ˣһ֪ȣܶͱòٴⵥһˡ
ԷУжô˵ˣȻҲ롣
ڰ
еãˡ
ҵý˺žûôˡ
ǰƬȻ羰ѧУϦһۣҵûôѧУˡ
ҲΪϵԭҲһʱûˡ
ټϹôһӶû˿֣;һ飬ڽĳһ죬ȻԵų
ԷԼڷǼ죬һֱ⡣
ҪôһݹԼ
-
ʱǵ
ֱޣҪתǴ򳵡ԷͻȻ£ʩ˵֮ǰȥ졣
ĵòͿԽӵ죬ǣ컹ܴӾݴȥ
ģһ˼ĳС
һȥһκ󣬻ȥڶεĳС
ʩʣѾȥ˵ڶˣ
ǵûСϾʽ
ʩûӦ
ͳֻˢˢ
ӺʣûȤȥһΡ
ţ
һ𡣡

Էˡ
㡢˵ʲô
ʩظ˵Ȼôһ˼ĳУֺȥڶΣһζûȥҪҪҲȥһΡ
ôͻȻģ
ȥǱ߿Ǳߵôġ
ҲУ
ԷԼ˵ˡ
ʩһֻ˵ϻзɻƱһСʱ͵֤𣿡
϶Ǵ˵ѽ
Ī𳵹֤ŵġ
ãҲˡ˵Ǿתһߵȥոպá
ԷûЦӣˣǣ⣬ǣ⡭
ˡ
ΪԼ嶯˵ġ
û뵽
ǰˣԼ͡
֪Լʱô嶯Ǹ˭ѧˡ
һ㶼û
߰ɣҡʩ֡
Էһţȷ
ʩһ㿴ڸ㿪Ц𣬿˵ܶ飬Ҫ嶯ġ
Ϊʲôء
ܶԺԷһֱ죬ʩ˵仰
Ҫ嶯ġ
ûг嶯ôǧֵĿܡ
ôܣԶе鶼ѿڵġ
ֻʱԷûе
ʩˡ
㹻ĵȥеã
֮ԷԼ
죬Ҳ˵һγС
һסһ䣬ֻһŴ󴲷ķ
Էһư͡
ȫ̲˵
ʩǰ̨ȷֻʣһ󴲷ѡЭ
û취ˣ⸽ʣһ䷿ˡ
㲻ɣ


48 
ԷҲ֪Լڽʲô, Ҳǵһζһˣֱ׵˵˶ǵһ˯һŴ˰ɡĪغܲڡ
˷, 19¥ķ䡣
¥, Ұܺ, 㱼˾رʵ
ʮµķɻҹʮһҵԷûʱ, Ƥ𳵡ûɻ
ŵ˵, һɻ
ӹ쵽ǻ, ȫ̶ʩ, 벽Լ˰벽, ͸ˡ
ʩᳵ·, ״̬Ȼɡ
Էһ·Ĭ
ɻغѾ, ˳󣬾ͽ˼ֻľƵꡣ
סһ𲽼߰, Է֮ǰסľƵҲһҡôᳬٿ, ʵʽʱͻȥ˯̵ޡ
ü˼һݣռǳ, ÿֻһ̡ϴʲôģڹ
һᳬʮ顣
ʩȥľƵ𲽾߰١
Էȥʱ, һӦƤ, ʩ, ɻǳ¡
˲ĺֹ䰡ʵҲ˺ܴһء
ԷĬˡ
ʩĲԾ, ôǲǶˣ
ԷҡҡͷԼҲ˵һʲô㺡
ȷʵǱȽϴæҲǺѵǶʱġʩΪͻĳУŽ͡
ʩûиԼŹôļڣǰÿǴĿԵģ˵ǳ̸⣬ʵؿ졣
ûһ˽˿ռ䡣
ΣȫȫԼг̡
ûо˳кܴæֻǾԼѵġԷû
ֻһͨͥͨŮһҪԱҪԼŮӡ
ɻƱӾƵסޣһǰҲڶġ
⼸꣬ͼԼö̫Ǯ׬ˡ
ѽ̫ѽԱġʩο
桢𣿡ԱԷùһ㣬뵽ˣ˭
ǲҲԼǱ̣
Ǯģ
Сʩ˹ı˵ֲһ˿ģϰûͶˣǰձɣǹɶ޺;ƹ׬ǮҲȫҵģʵʱ򣬻ᰴձɶֺġ
˵ˣ޺;ƹǶڹ̾ע˵ģۺһҲҪ˰ôЩķãֻҪСԵֵһֵ˰ա
ô˵ô
Է̫˽Щܶ鷳ͿԽܵġ
ʩ˾䣺
Ҫ֪⼸ֲû׬Ǯ޺;Ƶ⣬ǮҲͶĿ׶зֺġһ㣬ô𣿡
Щʲôأ
֣ԷĪ
Ҫ⴫ȥָôء
ȼˣȵʱ׬Ǯһ㡣Էǳƶ˵
Ҫġ
úúá
ʩҲˡ
ֿ̧һֱ϶Ҫʮˣʼˡ
ȥ裬ˡ˵
Էͷ絷⣺úúãȥȥ
ԣȥԷͻȻ뵽ʲô
ʩ
ʲô˼
ҡϴԷؾ˵
˼ԣѾ˵ˣͿŰɡ
ʩܲӦ
ء
ǰԼϴô
ʩҲҹ²⡣
Ҫϴ˵
-
ԡҡ
Էˮµĸոպá
ܿ죬뵡֮ǰʩϴԡҶµ¡ԷÿζƲסԼ룬ΣҪϴ
Ͳˣ
ԷԼϡ
ٺ١
ֻû뵽ǣȷʵϴˣûΪԡŵǷǣϴҪζţҪĳϴſ˯
ǸȴḶ́Ҫжϣ˼ҵһˡ
ԡһˮζϴ裬ˮͣˣţϴˡŴˡ
ţʼͷˡ
Ҳͣˣţͷˡ
ŵ
š
ˡ
֪Ϊʲôõͬһԡ¶ԷǾãҪԼһ㡣
ζζ
û취ݣǸһ㣡
û
ǱԼ㣡
ߣ
ƾʲôԼ㰡
ԷڱƵͨ졣
ʩΪ˯ˣڽһ
ƿһߵıӣҪ˯ȥĿֱضԼʩ㶣㻹û˯
öעһˡ
ô˯
û˯
ԷӺ׹֡
ôֱӣʩΪ˵׼˯ˡ
û˯ֱ˹ʩӦһᣬŽӻ

˯š
ʼжΣӱ⣬̫ˡ
ţ
˼ʩûĻǹˣ
Զһ㣿
Ҳ˼
Էû˵
ʩΪĬϣȥ˯ɳ
иСɳһ˯ոպá
ԷûػʩһŵòҪ˯װɡ
е˰ɡ
ô˵ҲǻĲǡ
ôһĿôˡ
ԷߺҲûǸ˼أ
˵ͦģ
㡭
ʲô˼
ʩҲ²
ԷһҲûʲô˼ء
ʩ
ûʲô˼ʲô˼
ʩСʣˡҿ˯˵꣬ӦشһС
˾˯ඡ
ʲô
ԷӺ˵û˳㣬˾˯¡
ʩ
ôоˡ
˯ˣ
Ŷ
ʩ
϶ǲ¡
ʩºԥ˼ӵʱ䣬ֳһԣǱŲŲ˰úܽ
ԷоĶˣһҶ
һᣬʩִϣ˵§˯ܿԵİɣ
Էÿɷ
ʩ˵˵Ĭˡ
ˣ˯

Է
ȷ˯ţ
˯ţ
˯ţ
ʵ֤ĳ˻Ŀ˯š
һ˯ر㡣
Էһҹδߡ
ĳ˵˯ˣɶ̤ʵ
ܺá
ǳá
Ҫĵ͵߽Էǹġ
Ҫۣŵ˫ۣ˲ϢġܱܵҪ
У
ԣ
Էסĵ뷨
ǿԼ˯
ȴԽѡ
롣
һ¶ͷԵİɣ
ͺꡭ
͵͵أ͵͵͵͵أһ¡
һ£
ţ
һֵᷢģ
˵꣬Էۡ
أСس˿Դ
-
졣
죬ûκ顣
ͳԺ֣Էûյϰԡ
ǿһЩǳ̻ϢĵطʱվڽֿڣĹ¡
ţʩͷ˲ˡ
ϸϸһԭֻա
Ҫ뿪죬վϣԷڹͼ
еԶֹԷʶˡ
ԷҪռʱԶʩͻȻľͷʣ
ԷԣһƬ


49 
ͷʩȻδʩ, ϵĵƹ⣬ͷϣ, ȴʵڵġ
к, ˲
ԷеĶ˶, ٳûаռ
촽΢΢ʹ
ûа취Ѿͷ׼ˡ
ϲˣƺû취ֱ档
ûð
Էͷ
ʩԥΪ, Цų, ˵ûϵ, ʵҲǺϲ
Է֪ǰοĻ, ûлӦ, ĬĬֻ
š
Ӧ
׼Թһ뿪
ڴʱ, ʩȻһֻ֣˵߰ɡ
˼, һߡ
ǣ֣һߡ
ţ
Է, е㲻š
ڴ˼Ӻ, ̧ͷۣд˲졣
ҪûĻ, Ҫǣǣһߵ˼
ʩü
Ȼأ
ԷվԭûҶ
ܾǰһֱڴŵĻ档
ǵúܶǰһȥҹ, Է¸, ǣһ, ȴܾˡ
ڣ˵Ǻϲǣһߡ
·, Ծ߸Ե¡Ҫһʲôǻܺú·ô
Ժ˰úܽԷҲδȥǣ֡
Ϊһᶼǵ˵ϲ
ڡ
ô
ʩûзӦô㲻ԸⰡ
ҲǲԸ⡣
ǡ
ǰ˵ϲǣ·
ʩ
Щ¾ͷǵһҪ
ǲϲͱˡ
ϲ˾˰
Էƽ˵ԣʱǱ˰
ʩ
6
һʱԶԡ
һܰõķ롣
ëøġ
ÿζܰʩҭ
ǡ
ʩҲٹˣܽͶٱ飬ûáһͲõġܰЩͷƤǣ
ʵжƽɡ
ʩǰһѽǣ
ĵеشԷʩظ˵˾䣺߰ɡ
ԷȻûӦ»ȴܳʵ
ܱܵذ˹ȥµĲҲˡ
Ҫߵһ㡣Է˵ߵ̫ĻҸϵġ
úúáʩ˵
㲻׼ͷԷС²ۡ
ʩίС
ĸҲͷڿǻҶ˵ʲôԼ˵ˡ
Էһ˵СҸоˡ
ʩ̾˿ûСоˡ
ԷŲô࣬ôõġ
ʩΡ
δе㲻˰ɣ
Ҫ㽲
ԷԴһɫ
Ҫ˵ĻǱסֱ֣ӳˡ
Ҫ
ôҪЩأ
ʩڨЦš
ҵ⣬ҵĴûбʩšһСֵǰλˡ
⻹ࡣ
Էþա
ܰظıϡ
ʶ˵Ľͷûκι˼
޷˵أǰߡ
ǰߡ
-
ĻĪǵƱʩԼsкȻһԼĪǡ
ĪǣȻٻsС
ԷֲԼصĪǺһ˻sС͸˵ҪȻǾ͸Ʊȥ¡ҪȻ鷳
ȥĪǺ󣬻ҪٻsС
ĪǵĻĪǣsеĻsС
ֵʩˣ΢ﲻҲ
ҪһĪǣȻٻsУ
鷳һ㶼鷳
Է
ʩŲɡ
ԷҲˣȥʲô˾䣺ɡ
ûǮϰ尲š
ʩҲˣҾ¡
ÿζ
һ˲ֿ£ûҲûʲô£˼ʲôԼء
ʩԽ룬Ҳûġ
ѹ֮䣬ղŻúõģֱʱ򣬾ֱŤˡ
Էԭһ̫óͱ˹ͨˣʱĵһӦǶ㡣صԼ뷨֪ӦҪô
ΪԷĻͺ֣ˡ
ѵĻ˵ǿķǡ
Ӳ
˽ӴãֻҪ˽ദΪ죬
ʩҲǱˡ
Ĺĵġ
ûһᣬΪƱ飬ֻˡ
쵽Ī㣬˾;ɻ
ʩϰһȥﶼһλǷ̬ʲôģá
ԷöͿˣһλͬ·̡αضȥ˷ǸǮء
ʩﱾûԷûִҪһ
ҪĪǣ
˭Ҳס
Է
С
ܲš
Ҳûʸܣ˰ɡ
һ˻Уôһ˭ﶼе㲻
һ·˶ûô˵
Է鷳˵ԼҲۡò׸ԼŸ٣ҲûúϢԻԼڵĵط໨Ǯ˶Ҳһ
ʩѹ
Լˡ
ԷԼҲί
ʩǲ˵
Լǵøȫûõһˣ˼һˡ
á
˽ֲ¡
-
һλϣŸˣһװһʿüţżҵгɡ
е
һϳͿʼ
ģúãá
˴ڨͷЦߵʩλŮʿҪȵʲôô
Էš
Ӻܶǰˡ
ֻҪ˳ţԷԶǿŵǸ·ʱҲʩ档
ֻҪһʱʩԶǿߵǸˡ
˵ʻһйڡ
ʩͲã鲻õʱ˭Ҳ
껰˶ŸԼҸ̨£ԷͻȻתԴһۣ
ȡ

СƢС
˲ö棬¡
ǳԵʲô
Ҳԡ
Էǰڨûʲôɫѧʱק̬
Խ̬ȣĵӿ˳ģŮҪܾôѵôԵͬһڳᡣҶʶһ£˵Ŀء
ʾ
Ǳ̨ʡ
֮
Ϊﶼá
˵꣬Ц֣ƺĳ⡣
ԷͲģʱԼġ
ûȤ
ˣ
ϵЦ˲䶨
˵ôһʶûУ
ܲ
ڱʾúÿ˲
˶
Էû˵
ƺڻӦ˵ĻԶԶԣûʡ
˻˵ЩʲôһԵʩϣǸصԼλϡ
ʩǿһ仰Щԡ
˶࿴˹Ҫӣͼص棬ָ֣Է˵㿴ʲô̬Ȱ
֮⣬£øҵǸ
ҪȻûˡ
ʩָָԷüͷһ壬΢䣺ָ˭㣡
бס
ҡ˵˵ء
˼ǲ¡
ٲϡ
ʩһۣûʸ˵𣿡
ûҽˣ
ĳ˸˵
ʩ˵˾䣺ȥˣûʲôȤأԼԾ㡪



50 
Է, ʩάԼһ̣϶ˡôܺͽ
С󣬳ķС, ûôά
ܷʲô, εĸо, Է˵̫Ҫˡ
̫Ҫվˡ
û뵽ôһȫӲ˵, ϷŪһͨ
ô, ϾΪԼ, ʲôŮݲ
ȴû뵽, ˼Һƶظ, ˼, ҶеĲȤ
ŮĶеĲȤǲв
üۣ, һԾ񲡣
ʩ񲡡⼸ʱŭ, Ҫ, ˵һ룬˵˭
ͱԵסһôԼ
ʩûǴĻ
΢, תӿϵŭƺƽɢˡ
ҡҡͷ
ûҪ޹ؽҪȥƽ˵Щ
ЩäĿԴ˿, Ů˾ӦöΨǴ, ҪǸԼڨ, Ҫж£лл, ǿԿԼҪĻӦûκλӦߡ
ҪǱǼŭۣǸҪ
Ưʲô˲ġ
ǸŮ˶ѡ
ҲҪڼҵͥģ
ٹ̵Ĺ۾ͿԸıġ
ԷȻʶź˽ͣһôˡ
Ͳһ·ˣαҪȥһ£ֻǣõǵϿɡ
Էȶʱ򣬻ǺԵġ
ǰƴҪõ˵ϿɣԹַܶʽ֣ʵ˻ǲԶǶġ
ΪһŮӡ
һҪе鶼ãܷһĴ
ǵܵܣǷ˴ĸҲİݡ
ʹʲôԲ
ڸĸҲһ
ѧԷͿʼͼϵҪκѧӷѣʲôԼ
ΪǵɣϧԼȫ
ȴ֣ͼȥԭͥҪκζǿԼҪģǲ
Ҫ
ԡ
á
ûȡΪá
һͼ룬ȴּЦΪŮһӲ
ȴδõǵİ
ĸԴѧ󣬾Ϳʼôġ
¡ɡ鷳ؼһҪæɻ˳ûƯ
ѧ
Ҳһȥˡ
Է꣬Ѿʼ˵˵ýˡ˵޸ͬǵĳϰĶӡ
зرõģü׷˵ܸʮء
̣ЩǼҸˡŵҲġ
۶ԷôˣֻҪǮ
㹻ӾͿˡ
Ǹ󣬳ʲôҪ֪
һȺʳ˵ϣͼǵؿе
ȴЦߣȺ
Է˹ͨķǳҪһԭ޿̫ˡ
ǡ
Χһץһѡ
׼۵ʱ򣬻ָı˵һŮӣ㲻ˣ뷭𣿡
㿴Ǹãʮ궼̥ˣ㻹ڹһ
ҲԼˣ
ҿǶɵˣһģ

һһػˡ
㷴Ϳʼɵ㡣
ԽһۣǱԽˣҽ
籣ֳĬ
-
ʩҲڳĬ侲ˡ
ȻҲΪԼһҳԱλá
ⳡЦһ־磬ʹ˽ڳ˶ֻ֪ǱϽˣûͻѡ
ûиıκΡ
ЩڹĶûκα仯
ղҡ
ûϵġ飬Էˣǵ⡣
ôԼء
Է˵ĻԼû뵽
Ȼһ־Լĸı䣬ʱҲǵһӦȥԼˡ
һʩĪЦЦ
ʩû̫ЦܸоĵĿġ
ʩ֣˵ҺȻһЩǰûйĸı䡣
𣿡
ǵġ
Էܿ϶ػء
˵꣬ͷЦЦ
Ȼôһ˲䣬ֺܶණͨࡣ
룬·ҪôߣǲһЩ
ͻȻԼ
-
ʱķֱ
뿪ʱԷǰסǰˡ
ﰵ˵ҡ
ܿ졣
ҾͿٴγ㿿
ȡϵԼӵһȫµģԽеԼ
Ҫҡ
ʩ˳˳ͷ˵ʲôҴ绰𣿡
Էͷţһġ
һȥ󣬿ܻæѻ˺ö飬ҪһظϢˣҲȵҡвС
֪ġ
Сʩ˶٣˼Ҹղ³·Ϻ˵ģ㿼һ£дˣʱ˵
㡣
á
˰
á
ʩڱԹ˾䣺ôôĮ
Įô
ûаɡ
Ǿ䶼лӦ
Ҷˡ
һѣ
Ҳܲˣ
Էӻ֣ݰݡ
ȻŮˣһ㶼
Է
ʲôġ
ߵ飬˲ǺܿͿټˡڸô˸ʲô
ֲԶء
ǡ
ʩ֪Ĵ𰸵ʲôȻûס
ûףͻ᲻̤ʵ
̤ʵǲȷδ
ȷδζҪһ˹
һ㶼һ˹ӡ
ٱһ¡˵
úúáԷǰӭӵ
ʩҲûأһѽӵס
ǰûôϲӵǿš޲һ϶ûС
ˡ
㣬˰ɣ
Է˵ԼĮ
ʵҲǿû뵽ԷûκԥһڴӦˣõģҡ
Է
ģֻġ
û͡
ȥģ컹ֱܷܲˡ
ʩί
Է̾˿У㣬վòã
ʩѧ֮ǰĿǻأˡ
а
Է˵ȥǡ
ʩ˵㶼̾ˡ
ԷʸڷϣûСˡ
ʩͰ͵˵ûҶоˡ
Է
Իôô졣
ȷʵоеˡ
ҴˡҵǸвС
ʩ¶һ˿ЦݣõġҽܵǸԭˡ
Է
ɲɰ
ܸܲϸˣ
Ҫĥ䵽ʲôʱ򣡣
ʩ¡
Сԭرĵˡ
ŷһҡ
Է
-
ʩԷһڳվ⻨̳һᡣ
̧ͷ˿ϵɫʡʲôǶ֪һġ
ԼԲȱǻֳϫ쿴Ƕ֪һֱڡ
ÿһһ
ǶԽܡ
Ż˽ɫﰮ⡣
ϲ¹˼
ΪԶڡ
ʱԷֻˡ
ʩϢԼλã˵Χʲôˣ󻹸˵
Ҹк˽ҳ㵽ڵһС
Уǵú˵㵽ˡ
֪


51 
, ԷصҺ󣬾ϵԢķҪǰߡ֮ǰǩǶ, һȵķ⡣
ǰߵĻ, ΥԼ
Ѻǲ˵, һµķ⡣
Է֪ǰΥԼԼ϶Ҫ֧һΥԼģûʲôܻǻǱǮϾԼһܵ, Լ
ҷ, ҲǸԼһʱͿռȡȻڱ, ؼס绨Ǯ档
̫ҵûҵõĹؼס, ôľ档
Լ, ҪĶ, ѾᵽʩȥˡǸһزȥҲôҪˡ
ȻûиʩԼѾҪȥs, ģѾɹȥˡ
ûи, ʵǱһݻĹʱ, ѾȥˡΪԼûҵһĹһֱڳ
ڡ
ʩ޴ýƹ㡣
޵ճ, кߵƬƵԲҪ˵ġ
رصǿ, Բˡ
ԿҪһȽרҵ, ý徭ĹߡǱ߰԰ס, Ҳһнʰнҵ, ̶϶١
ʱҲ˵ȽɣҪԼϲ飬Ҳȫûġ
ҾãʺϡԣҾ㿼£sзչȻԶ˵㣬ʹǻǲġʩ˵Լ뷨
һ
Ȼˣҿ϶ϣsеġһʩֱԡ
ʾˡ
Ҳ
ֱӵ㡣
ôֱӣԷȷʵһ
Ȼ㲻żһظԼٶԱһµġҲûϵġ

Է֪ҿʼʰʱЦöڴϴˡ
⻹Ҫ
ȫð
԰סһ𣬾㣬ȫҪ˺𣡶ʱ仹ɣ㹻ʱԼϲ飬ôõĹһձҵĴѧ˵ҵ
ԷͰ಻סȸԾ˷ܡ
ǰ컹ͶҹͷҪˡû뵽ôһݺõĹǰ
е롣
ôܻ᲻أ
̫˺òã
϶ֵܱ̫ˣҪȻ˼һΪûҪءң˼˵Ҫһ
ô˵Ŷ
ҪһŶ
Է̲סҪʼҫˡ
һȦҲûʲô˿˵ġ֪Ƚ϶Ī㡣
һᣬԷһ绰
ƽԷϢıȽ϶࣬Է˾ͻءҪûˣ͵ʱٻ
Է磬ĪΪԼˡ
ûɣ
ѵð
˻绰
绰ͨĪմæˣȻҲпոҴ绰
Է֪ЦϵⲻĪܱȽæ
Īһ˭æˡ
ԷЦѽЦ
аɡ
ĪҲˡ
ֱ⣺
˵ɡ
ʲô¡
Է
û¾Ͳˣ
ĪҲ֪㣬ûµʱʧ١˵Ҳʧ١
ûôܻ绰
Է
ô
ǲȻأ
Īٺƣʲô飬š
˼ӵʱ䣬Է̲סЦˡ
һЦĪž֪ˡ
Ǻ°
Լµû
˾ŲʮǸʩϰйϵġ
ĪúĿʣôʩϰˣ
Է
ûеһأ
Ī㣺
ûһЦ
Է
ֻǿʼԷɤ˵
Īֱ⣺ôҪȥsˣ
Է
˸˵ˣ˵ƨ
İ˵ĪҲˡ
Է绰ҲǴʵģû뵽Էµİ˾Ųʮˣ˵ʲô
͸ϵһһš
ǣġԷε
绰˸ûƵġ
˺ܲµõеһˡ
ĪͷƲ˼˵ʵ͵͵ţѽǶ顣Ҷ˵ˣʩϰǲһġ̵ڹȥҲܱͦġ
ԷһôͲ֣
һȥ𣡣
Ī㲻Щ²۵֮飬ûʲô𡣡
֪飬ɲֱԽˡ
С£˭ֵܷô
Է
Ҫӵ
̸Ҫӣ
ĪһѽҪôࡣʩϰһõˡ
Էÿɷ
ʩһʲôˣʮѾˡ
ҪȻôȥˣʼû취׽¡Ϊ޷ǡ
֪ġ
һΣҲȥҹ
ϣʱҲԳһ
һֱţչšҲҪҪ
ԺҪȥsвſԼˣĪ֪һԷ飬Ҳ֪˹ϵá
ô϶һȥsУΪԭͥ
ԭͥõŮҪҽ·һĸᱻ
ԷԼҲ
ǰһֱĪǣΪڴִʩôҲĪˣһ˵Լܸżء
ڣԼѵûһˡ
ʲôɣҪһֱĪǡ
ûκκô
ֻļҳ̡
ֻϣԺǶÿ֡ʵûʲôġԷҲ֪ʵĪҲԼͷա
ֻԶֹۣϾԶȱǮ
ѧҲãؼҽҲУܹ鲻̫ġ
ԼĻ˵գôСܵĽԼĶԶԶͨͥСҪĶࡣ
õ
пյʱͻȥġ
ʱ˶Ŷ
ܰ˵Ц
ԷҲûзϣǵʱĪܱЩСƽС
С
һûһһᣬҪҵ绰ʱĪͻȻĳ˾䣺Է
ţ
ʵر뿴ɴӡ
Է
⡢⡢˵ڻûȷϵأ
ô˿ʼ뵽ɴȥˣ
ңرлʩϰٴγСҿһĿֵԷ
-
˵绰ԷԼ¶١
Щ꣬δ̹˵Լ飬ʩԭͥ⣬ԼĬĬ
δߣ˱Թ
֪ʲôĿ֡
оȥôһֱǵͷġ
ϲŭֶ˲Ҳñ˲
ĪԼĵĿ֡һ̣оԼɡ
Ǵӿֳһ
Բֺκ˵ǲȥǿԼһЩϲĵ
ǿԼҪϲ˵
һԷƺ֪ԼΪʲôˡ
Ϊǰһ
ᶨ¸ҵء
ȥһ
-
뿪Īǰ
Էһ˼ҡ
֮ǰһֱڻرܵ״̬ǲܼ˵ʲôѡӡȺˣ΢ڣ绰ڡ
Ͼпϵϵķʽ
ΪͿԳ׵ذԭͥ
ɵ֣ʵǡЩΪԭͥµһЩǳҪ⣬һֱڵġ
ֻԼȥԣܺͽ⡣
ԣһΣӱܡ
Ҫȥԡ
ȻǸӰ

ֻû뵽ǣǱŽ̬ȥͼ˹ͨģЩ㸸ĸΪŵˣôġ
ǿ
붪У롣



52 
ԷվԼǰ, ̧š
ǰʱѼˣûԿףֻܸһš
ϴλʱ, ڱԹ, ˵ƽҲؼ, ؼҲ֪Կȥ䣬Ҫȱȥš
һ쵽ֻ֪һ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˭ѧģһ, ЦЦһ¡˼ŮôⰮЦ
ô͸ǷǮһ
Ĳʹѹ, Էļ, δֹͣ
оԷֻҪվ, ʲôû, Ҳһë
ҪԷûǴĻ, 棬õԿøĵܵܡ, ԿײҪٵˡ
ΪĸƫģԷ̬ʹӶһ, ԵܵܶԷ̬Ҳֺ
˻࿴˳ۡ
Сʱ򴦵û, ΪԷܻܵɰģԽԽԽ˵Ǹ, һģһ
̱˽
Ŀˡ
˷һƲ, ֱԼϷȥˡ
Էн, ιι, ʵҲû꣬ԷǸ͵ʱ, ѾҪʼѧˡ
ȴϴ붼ᡣ
׼ȷ˵˶Ӧûġ
Ͳˡ
Ŵ򿪣ܵܶżͷš
Է˼Ӻ˯ʣôˣ
Էûطһۣʲôϵ
񣺡

졣
ÿԷš
ûˣ΢΢üԵˣأ
һǷĵػأҽԺ
ҽԺ
˭ˣ
²ؼػ˾䣬֪ĸݣǾͳˡ
ЩСһŲ֪
ҲһŲܣҲȥϵģԷÿζǣš
ŶҪǰԷܻʼ䣬Ҳûʲô飬ֱԼķ䡣
µĶ࣬λǰʣµĶߣȻ˵ԼҪ뿪ĪǵĳȥչҲȥ׵ġ
ġ
û뵽ǶڼңԷʰöվ⣬ϴ˵˵ҵˡĪǣҲȥġ
ˢϢԴתԺ󣬲ˣ
ôҲ
񣺡
Ҳ˼
ʡ
ôôء
϶ôİ˵
ǲܻ˵Ļˡ
Էͷʱ˵ʱٻ㲻óܺˡ
񣺡
û˸˵㽲ر˿ˮ๾༸µԷ˵
Է
ѹְ˵㡣
ûԼһԹô
̱
Էһۣƨ¡
ֻҪһؼңԹر󣬿ʲôˬúܡ͸˿һ
಻˳ۡ
ʼ磬ûǸʸ񣬷СĴ˵ˡ
ԷǺһ䲻ҲǸ衣
񣺡ú㳳
һԵë˲ִһߣ߳ԽԷʱڣ
֣
ҲЦҲû˭˵
Էվһԣ˼ӣͻȻ֣˺ܶࡣü۸Է̫ˡ
һ̣Էʶǰˣ˳ô꣬˹ѪԵϵġ
ˡ
ΣԷ˵
õĶˣҲûʲôġ
תȥ˳Էôһ䣬һֱûͷҲûӦ»

һֱ
Է֪Լ˵ʱ͵Է磬ѹûϡ
ֱԷת׼ߵʱ򣬳Ŵػٵһɣ˼
Ҫ˼ߵ˼
Է˶ٽµĲӣֿ̧һֱʮˡ˯㣬з緹ԵˣҲֻλүˡ
Ҳ㴫ԼͰ˵ɡ̴ӳ߳ڿϡ
̬䵭
档
ССӾ
ԷûػأⲻǶڼҰô˵
΢̧ܻڼҵİɣ
СԷҧгݡ
ֻڲʵɢɢػأ֮飬Ҳ̫ϡ
ǣԷĹĵģС󣬶ûʲôϵҵΣҵĵҵ񣬸ʲôϵûУ
䣬ͻը
һۣҲ˵㰮ôô롣
޷ͨ
ϰء
˵ǽܣȴƵġ
˵仰Ϳʼˡ
תȥ˳׼Ѽó
ֵò죬ԷҲûʲô׼˼ˡ
ȻÿԷ˵ȴ˶ĿͻӦ
Ϊ⣬Դʲ⡣
Ϊͻڴ
Է׼ߵʱ򣬼Ŵˡ
Է￩һ£ӦǰˡǻǵģԷûʲôȥˡ
Ϊÿζ᲻ɢ
ոĸƿſԼŮվڿ˼ӵʱ䣬پ΢΢üոòƵʣ㻹֪
ԷҲµ˻
ͼѹסԼĲͷƽػأõ㶫Ͼߡ
Ҳӭ
Ӳǰɣոƺûлڸĵ˼Ӳˣŭֱ㻹ļ𣿵绰ӻڣݶ˵䣬ȫɾôƾճӵǰɣ
Ϊһѧͳˣݳֱˡ֪˶ô˵㣬ôǼҵ𣿡
ԷĬӦ
ոʱܵȫԷϣ˵ǽúðһѧѣΪԼԷˣԲˡΪΪˡ
ģĸ˸Ҫ㣿
Էˡ
ѹѹסķƣֱӻЩǳǼҴ𣿻ǳһǮˡţеûԼ춢ǼңҲϴ˵˯˵ԺûżһҪôǸ˸ɻ¡
ǸЦѧеѧӷѣǶûгһ֣ƾʲôʲôʸָҵı˵ң
СЩ׵Ļ͸䷹һ
δЪͣ
Ҳöġ
Էǳ˰趼˵ǰɣոܻ
ԷЦһ
ҴûҪӡ
һͬưҿϴѧʱ򣬸㳤ˣǿˡˣұҵǾ˵ң׬ǮǸбҵͳȥ򹤵ıãûǸӵöôǳ¡
Ϊ˸ĸģжЦ
ոԴΣָԷıӴָ
㡢㡢㣬ǳӲˣ
˵Ŀ԰ͲӦʲôѧӶɵˡҳţҪǷȥˣԺָʲôŮˣ
ڲúý㣬˼Ҷ˵еûģ治
ͱţ


53 
谵ķ, Է塣
ֻѾְˣڱڷѧʱһ, ͷʱ, ͻڷ䲻ȥκεط
ֱΪֹ
ƫƫƢǷǳľǿ, ӲǲеģԼ, Ȼκ˶ǿ
ѧʱ, ǳ¡
Ŷ, Ͷʲôʧȥڴ˵, Щݳޡν, õ̬ȡ
ʶʩ, ĵӿֳ˺ܶڴ
ʼΪ˽ӽȥһ, һȥԺóԵģҪ, кܶ໰Ҫ˵, ʼڴҪ
Ϊܿġ
˷ֿûǼ꣬һֱ֡
ֱ, ò׾һжҪˡ
оԼӵһҪȥ, ȴνס
Ϣ
-
ԷѾϴαʲôʱ, ̫, Ҳ˻ҡÿֻҪһģžʹˡ
ǰڷﱸһЩԵ, νˡ
Ӳȥ
ܻῴ
ǰ˵ޣ޵ѣ޵ͨ޵Żûκ˼
ڣη塣
ܣҲۡ
ڲϵɺͷԼҲû˻ֻΪҵġ
ԷҲ֪Լʲôʱ򿴿ģҲһİɣһδεײУͻȻԼˡ
һμְ˵˺ܶĻ˵ûǰɱôˡ
Ϊǰ̫õǵϿ˰ɡ
һδƴȥֺá
ڣֻΪԼţȥֺκˡ
ԷĬĬԼһֻҪȥˣԺٻġ׬ǮѹȥÿһùǮǡ
һֲǷ
-
ʱʩ֪Էʲô˺üϢûлظ绰Ҳû˽ӡ
ѵ˯
ʩоܲϵġ
ʱԷϢ˵㣬ֻҪ绰ܴͨҪǵʱûдͨĻһᣬϢ󣬶ظġ
Σ֡
ʩ˺ܾãûлظ
ֵ˼СʱûѶ
ʩĵĲԽǿңû취ټȥˡûйʩǷʲô顣
ͨѶ¼ҵϴϵԷҹԢǸн顣
нʵʩĴѧͬѧʱö˱ҵûаձרҵȥҹܶ˶ˣһصѧıҵȥӡ
˼ƾһ֮Īˡ
нʮ𲽣ڶʼŶӣ˺üͽܣù˾ķֺ졣
÷ˮ
Щһֱ⹤治ͬѧòϲ£ͷö
ʩ绰ʱû°ࡣ
ӵʩĵ绰ЦʩܣôոҴ绰ء
ЦˣͦеģҪæҵʩǰͬѧϵĲࡣ
ѧͬѧĺĶС
ҵ͸ˣеļжеıҵ󿼹࣬еԼҵȻҲеıҵͽˣ̳мҵҲУ֮ÿ˵켣һ
ҶæԼ
żϵͬѧǹϵġ
ʩ绹ϵΪʱʩsһӵķӣպҲӣż죬Ҳ١
ΪʱʩҲòǺܺá
ܶϵ뻨ʱȥάϵҲ֪ôȥάϵΪԷҪҷӣϵˡ
ΣΪϵԷպ֪סָϵˡ
˵ϴǸСѽϵ˵Ҫǰ˷ء
ʲô
ǰ˷
㲻֪𣿡
֪
Ϊ˵˵ѽϾôءΪ˷ȥǱء
ʩ΢١
ҵڶûϵ
죬ŲµʩϵΪʲôˣﰡs𣿡
šʩͷ˵
ʣҪҪȥסǸ˵µ׾ͰߵġӦûûʱ䡣
鷳ˡ
ôأ´ȥsмǵҳԶٺõľС
һ
΢ϵȹȥϢٺ˵
á
绰ҶϺʩôҲû취ƽ
ԷҪ˷ûԼ˵˵Ҫ˷sУҲǰ˵İɣ
Լǰ˵ģҪsУ˵һȥġ
ǡ
֪
Ҳϵˡ
ʩü
˼ҵúܡ
ΪԼsзչ·ϳ˵ʲô⣬ʩⱲӶеġ
Ըֻ˯ˣǳʲô顣
ʩ
-
Էķܿա
ӶѾˣȻֻҪڼңҾȫûĺۼһ
ʵ˵ʼʱѾûλÿˡ
ֻбƫˣŸˤŶ
ԷǵúСʱ򣬵ܵΪһʲôìܣʱʮ겻ɣƢúܣв˳ģͻȫҼɹ
죬ְѵ˵䣬ֱӶײ˵Ĵţһֱˡ
һϲżң迪ʼˡ
ȥһˣҪš
ĪذԷϣеĹֱԷΪ㣬Ϊʲôŵܵܵ㡣ûпõܵܡ
ԷʱҲСҺ͸ĸײ
ĬĬܣȻԼ㵽ޡ
˾Ư䣬òëߵɢŹ⡣
ֻԼСһ
һˡ
һȫ˶ʹĹˡ
ֻʩоԼʻ
ͱ˰ĸо
Լʲôţˣû·˵Ҫ·˵Լ·ˣʺģǻ˵Ļ
ԷĻΪĴڣоᡣ
ҪΪøá

Ϊеһжá
Էӣûסˡ
βΪίҲΪ˺Ϊ뵽ҪǸˡ
뵽˶õǸˡ
ҪһǸˡ
-
˵ʲôʩӵĵ绰ȫסˣû𣿡
ǰ绰˵ţûӦ
ǲǼûˣ
Կ롣ʩͼԼ侲ϵˣҡ
Ŵ򿪡
ŵƣһƬ
򿪵ƺ󣬼࣬Ȼʰһ¥¥¶һۣȷûˡ
ûڼҡԵ绰ͷ˵
ʩоԼڼ٣ֱͼԼ侲ã֪ˡٴ绰ϵ¡
Уûˣ᲻Ǹѳȥˣǻؼˣڱôǣ
ؼң
ʩû뵽
ȷҪsеĻӦÿҪ˼ҵġ
ãϵ
ţʲôĻٸϵøҿҵҪ
ãлл㰡
ʩһ鷳˵ˣΪԷѾ鷳˺üˡ
ЩԸġ
˵绰ʩٴβͨԷĵ绰ε绰Ȼͨˣ
Ե绰ͷ˵ιԷﰡ



54 
ڴϷ, һԵֻһֱ졣
ܲͷߵʱ򣬰ֻ, ˵, ҪܡֻҲûûȥ, Ϣ͵绰翪ʼһֱ졣
Ҫˡ
ˣҪ

绰졣
Ϸ鶼ûˣûؽ绰, ûԹ, ԷżͨͲĶ
Է
Էֺǡ
ڼﶼûôġ
, ĸֱ, Է
ʵҲûô, ͺܱŤ, ڡƢ̫ˡ˵仰͸оըһ
粻ȥ
ʵһ˶һ
Ǹӣ䲻ȶ
Ҳ, һԲϾըˣȻʼ
ÿ춼֪ڳЩʲô, ȥЩ, ÿ춼еĳ
ҲԷܵܡǸоԷżǺѵõĺԡ
绰ͷ, ʩһкӵЩһ, ֪ǵܵܺ, ͺܿغ˵˼, Ҳ֪Էֻһֱûϵʲô, 㷽ֻ𣿡
ܿ͵˸оرȶ
㶣Ƴһ۵ϵʱ䣬ҹʮˡ
֪ûУ⼸иסԺˣûչˣÿҶȥҽԺչˡ
ҪǰڼҵĻͲ̫ˡ
Լ鷳Ȼ迴ƶܺãҲ܆µġ
һ¡Ҫȥһ۰ûУŵ绰ͷ˵һٴɡ
û˵ʲôԭʩҲѯʺͲ²⣬Ӧһá
绰ҶϣʩԼһֱڶ
ϣûʲô顣
ժ˹ڲϵĶ̾˿Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪȥæʹء
鷳
ΪѪԵϵɣֻô롣
-
ű򿪣͸Ƶ⡣
Էоۣÿαؽﷴ˼ʱܻ谵ڻ谵ǧεƴԼ
˹ڵزơԷ˱ԹѪܵܵûһ룬˵ˣɡ
һӣһеĶϡ
Ӻ顪һŹϡûд淴ŵԷС
Է׵飬谵֪ʲôǳԵģ
ֻʲôʱôĴˡ
ԷҪȥӽĶʱֻˡ
ֻͻȻ⣬ƺĺڰ
Ϥ̼ԷĴԣӦ˼ӵʱ䣬ʶֻ죡
ǸѪĵܵܰӽϣ
Էǿ˫ֵȥģΪʩõġ
˶ûС
ֻ
һԼ
Լ
⿿룬ԷоԼҪˡ
绰ͷʩšཡţһҪӵ绰һҪӵ绰
оԼĶᵽɤˡ
ǧܳʲô顣

ʮӺ󣬵绰ͨˡ
ѯʶԷǷ񽫵绰תԷ绰ͷɳƵں
ӺĳȻЪ˹Էþȫ
ٿء
ʩ档

-
賿һ㡣
ʩ׼뿪ޡ
޵Ա϶ˣҶΪ¿ҵæηŵһܼڣϢòˣڼϹΧǢԱͰﵱԼļһ
ϰˡ
żһ죬ͦʵģʱһˣ֪ҪЩʲô
ޣӻø̹Щ
ææµµһΪ˸̹
ʩĲԾԱǻˡ
ΪҪ¿ҵҲˡǼ֤仯˰ɡ
ͼʲô飬Ҳ˵
賿˼Եģ˼ףų˵Ҫš
ȥôˡƽʱںٹ飬̫ԾˣĲɣæݶΪǰɴû
ڵ״̬˵ôҹĿ죬һ˳š
ûȥ
˵
Щˡ
㵱Ѱ
¡
ʩʲôûǸʱҲûǸ顣
ǰʱ䷢飬ڶҲ˵˵㣬ֱˣǲҪȥĪǡ
ʩ̧ۿڷ׼ת֣˶١
ˡ
ȻȷҪϸȥĪǣֱҪϳ
ǣҡ
ţڲɵʩϳԼ϶Ҳ߲˵ġ
žડһ
ˣڿ첽ת˸ʻһƨ˽ȥȫ۰ȫһǳɡ
߰ɡ
ʩ
һ룬ٻ
ʩ
ںһһ˿ųܡ
ʩ
ҿ
λ޺;ƹͶĹɶʩﲻ
ҵţںڰ𲽡
û˵ʲô˴˶֪
-
㿪̫ˣϵģһ㣡˸ٺ󣬺ڼһ·ţ쭵130ˡ
120һѾˣ
ˣȻָҪʲô顣
Ĺĵġ
ʵ㲻õҵġʩɲţרĿػ
ںһҲûеء
úûء
ͬһʲô飬ûɻء
ʩ
õġ
޷

е档
棿
ʲô
ĸСʩϰģҹ޺˫ۣųٿʡȥ׷
ʩ
治ǡ
Ϊ׷
˵ǣұĸСġ
ڣ
ǷǰΣ϶ǰɡ
ˣڰء
ƤЦⲻЦطŰۡ
֮ǰ˸СʩϰĻ궼ˣ˵ˡģģΪҥء
ڿʵ
Ƚϸӣˣ˹šʩ룬ǸʵɡȻ˵ʱ˼Ů϶ҿЦ
˼ҸվЩõ飬ô˼Ц
ʩš
𾪣ʱˣмҳַʽͺӼìô
ʩɫ΢Ҳ̫֮ڵĴܲãпһ춼ûôԶ
ǰɣٴ𾪡
ϵʱ򣬾ӦñˡȻԷûкʩ˵ܶ࣬򵥵ļ䣬ʩѾµˡ
Ż۵ᡣ
ŴôԵġ
Ȼء
Ǽӵ٣ɣ
ʩ
С㣬ղɲô˵İɣ
ڨЦ
ղǸղ
һˣ
ʩ
NO
ֵʩܾˡ
Խ٣120ҡ
ȫһ
ڣ
ǣΪԷ²ǸɵӣԶԷɡ
ʩϣղżЩ
Ե˼侲żܼ
Ͽ
Ҫʲô飬˭ùġ
ʱԷ֪ʩҹųԼҲ֪Լ˵ûʲô飬ֻǱڷȥʱʩʱۣķ·𱻾ˡ
˵ûϵģܿҾͿԳȥˡ㲻õҵġԼһ䣬ҪпյĻܲһؼҰ
֪ʩ˵Щɱж
ֻ֪
پκΡ
Ϊֵñ


55 
Էĵ绰ٴʱ, Ѿˡ
ʩͨ绰˯˹ȥһ죬͵ۡ
ʩ, ĺܼء
ԴҲΪ˯һûġ
Է, 㷢һλҡ绰ͨ, ʩ˵Ҹ¸٣֪
˵¸, Էˡ
˵ھ͡
ԡ, ҵȲ㡣
˵
ȲԼ
˲, ԷоԼ¶١
ĸо, , أϾͷ㣡һ㿪, òá
û¡ҽһ˾ġ
á
˵绰ڿĺڳԵ˷һ, ԱԼĲ
ܺá
ӵһ˾
ʩʼ硣
⡢˵ʵɡ
ǡ
ʵ, ˾, ԼǵҪġ
ƤЦⲻЦ
Ȼϼ䲻Ҳûƽʲô
Ҳ֪ô˵ʵõ绰ͷ˷ġһ
డ
ʩÿɷ
Ҳðɡ
ڣ
ɶ
Ⲩװˡ
λs, Ҫзư˵
˿һ·ûô˵, , ʼļ䡣
ʩû˵
Դϴ¶һ, ˺󣬴Ҽ˵ҪзưûӦѧзưֲΪҳԵģ
ǰɣʩϰ, 㲻ǳԣҿ⡣ҰҰҺڰҿ֧κ˰ḷ́ôԾܾҡ
˵ɡʩܵ
ڣ
ǿˡ
˵׿жƫġ
ʩ
-
Ϊ˲ʩȣԷӵ绰󣬾ʹ¥Сſڡǵ죬û
Ӧÿ˳ߵġ
ҲǲڼҵģڼҵĻֻô
ԷҲ֪ΪʲôԭվߣҲ˲ȥ롣֮Ҫ뿪
ס
һȥ
ֱڣǵԼһαؽʱķӦж󡣺֪˺ѷεĿ޺źûõġ
ķӦԽ󣬸ĸͻԽ⡣
ԽΪûģܵΪƷߣԲˬ
ΪÿαغԷͣһӡ
򵥵˵ǻһʱ䣬ǶҲˡʵǲ֪ǣÿһγĬʧĿʼ
ΪһֱڻʧԲűֳĬ
Ҳһ
ֻ˷䣬ͼַʽԷ֣Ϊˣ֪ңû˻
Ҳûκá
һŮӣһ졣ƵԿģֻȰǵ˼ȥ
̫ڰ˰ɡ
аĵذ
۾һšŰѡ
תö
ǿģ
Էʿˮڸġ
üСʱûгκζˮûкһڣվߣûιȥǺõˡ
ţ׼߳ȥ˲䣬߳һӰ
ԷҲ֪˭
ʱ쿪ʼס
Ŀԡ
Է֣Űϡ
û˵
ˡ
ңΣҪߵġ
ֻһ
ҲҪ߳ȥġ
սֲ¡
ǶԷȿڣɳƣ軹û
Էʯͷ֪ˡ
ллѹߣԷҪڣȴԼ˿ڡ
˼ӵʱ䣬˵ȥϸȻҪ˯ˡȻһû˯
Ȼû˵ʲôԷö
˼Ҫ˯ʲô֪
Էʿˮһº
ûҪߵ˼˲ӡ
ҪʱԷס񣡡
еĲͷ
Էţƺô̶ˡ
ûʲô飬㡢ٴϷϹġ
񣺡
УٰҹҲͨġ
񣺡
֪ûкû
˵ԷҲ֪϶Լˡ
ǡ
ˡ
˵ģ˵ˡ
ҲûʲôҪ˵ˡ
ӵģ˵仰ʱ򣬽µĲӶ˶٣֮˵ͷźϵ˲䣬Է˵
ƨ°
-
Ѿ
ԷԽĳء
ʩ΢ţ˵ԼѾСſˡһֱŴ
ûʲôˡ
Էеظо
ۡ
Ī
Ƥһֱţȵƣ롣
ͣڷڿˮͼԼһЩƺ͸֧
ֻܹӣƲСſڵĻ̳
һᣬӣĴؼҡ
-
һ㣬СſˡʩϢ󣬾Ϳʼʻĺڡ
ڶһۣʩ˰
һһһ㣬һһ㡣
Ҫ
ʩ
Ǹϴ
ȷʵżˡ
ҲƲסԼ
ûӻµŰ˲ȡ
֪
ΣĳǶˡ
ʮӺ󣬵ʾѾĿĵء
ӻûͣ£ʩѾ⿪˰ȫѾ˻̳ӣŵǸӰ
ʮһ
ţԴú
ܱԼơ
ʩᡣ
ȥˣӸͣ£ʩƿ˳ţֱ̳ķ
ؾͿʼˡ
ڵߵĻû˵ڣǰһӰˡ
ҪҪôż
ҲԹĻѹߡ
ĸҴƱǰˡ
Ȼû
ûһᣬͿ˱һˡ
֪أڸоɬɬġ
˵ĸо
-
̳
ԷоԼĺԽԽˡ
֪Ϊû˯ãǶģ֮оԼǺͷΣе㷸ġ
Ҳе㲻̫

ղųŵʱҲӦϸġ
ΪԼ㣬ƴ壬Դ
ƺֻѹסʡ
ҲκˣԷŵȭͷ˽
ͼñķʽתע
һҪͦԼԷԼģԲҪ
㱼䣬˵
еϤ
Ǵ
Ŭ̧ͷҲģ
ǰˣӦΪǸӰڵϺԼ˵ͺܶǰһ
ֻĵضĸǰ˵
㡢˰ԷþԼһ˿ЦŶǰ˵
˵꣬ȵȵԷĻظһڣ˹ȥ
ʩϽһѽסԴ˳ƴļϣԶӵ
Էʩ֣ûκηӦ
ȷ˹ȥʩҲˣԷǧ˯ڴȥҽԺûµģ
ʩǲ˵ЩģʱоԼڷ
֮ǰ׾ٵؽ
˲䣬·𱻳ա
ڳϵĺڣоԶ˵ƺͶЩ֣һŷӦС˹ȥ
ˣ
³


56 
ҽԺ
ԷоԼ˯˺ܾ, ӻôҲ۾
̫Χ˵Щʲôо΢Һ, һڷֻᷢ, Ժġ
Է˫, һһǳûҪơ
ʩһҹû˯ҽԺ, Ҳһֱߡ
˵һ, һ, ȴܾˡ
û, ҲȥϢ°ɡ˵
̾˿, 
˿
˵, Ѫ˿ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼҲв
Ҹط˯һ, ҵ绰ûжĵӣҲֻվšҲһû˯, ʲŰŵԷҽԺ, ĺҲƳһĺ
ġ
еܡ
á
ʩ׼һ¡
𣬡ڴ, ţûô, 㿴ҲϢһᡣ
֪
֪֪, ˵֪, ϶һ۲ϡ
Ҳùˣûô, ˵ǰ˸ġ
ˡ
š
-
ڳҽԺá
̲סһܾûôˡ
һҹĳȥһˣʮˣȻݳ嶯ġ
ѵá
ǰΪ˵ĸǺܴġ
ʵʱÿ˶Ȩףܵ£˭ޱһ
ǡ
ʩϿˡ
ȥļһֱΪǸŮûĵġôΪ
ľܾ
ΨǸ
ֵһ̿ʼ۾û뿪޲ý
ֱܵ͹ģǺǰûʩϿġǸˣЩ⣬ͶƱյϿ磬Ӵʱ֣ᷢʵͦĮ²ؼġ
βһ

Ǳܵ
Ǻﲻһ
-
һҹû˯ʩûĸо
һûµģʩŽ˫۵Է˵ԺҲ鷢ˡ
ˡ
ﰵġ
ϵҽԺ˼飬ҽ˵ȽŻгʱδʳйأ˵Ƕιȥˡ
ȹҸǲӪԺٺȵϡʳһʳ˯ߣܿͿԳԺģʲô⡣
õҽĿ϶ʩ˿
ŻԵԷĻŵġ
˵鲻ǵһηʩһ
ḲֱϣѹɣʱǾͿһȥԺܶóԵģȥʼµԶõĻᱻ

Է촽ɵöҪƤˣʩȥҽǩպˮĴ
Ľëֳ̡
۾ʱ򣬾͸ĳһ
ܺÿ
ʮʱʩ֪ˡ
һֱܶ㣬ֻһֱϿԼʩտҵı
Ļϲؿ
ʲô飬һ۶᱾ܵؿ
ߣʩûô¶
ܻڶҪǵóԷҪԷҪ˯ǧҪҹҹģȥԺܶóԵġ
ÿһԺóԵʱһӵĺóԵģǼиġ
Ŀŵƫ
ʩܵġ
̻ʲôƫ
ʲôǣЩֻǸ˲ſԡ
ڡ

-
һԷоԼ˯û찵ء
ϵƣ룬һʧ۾ɫ컨壬ҽԺˮζ
Էʿˮɵеʹ
Щ飬ǳǳ˼󣬸о΢ͨЩƶԴϤһ
̧֣ȥȴˣֱ̧ϻŴҪİɫ
Լôˣ
ôҽԺ
ԷֻǵԼӼоر
ȻӦεˣ淢飬ͼǲ̫ˡ
ԷԵ˯죬ûкˡ
ʱƿ߽һŮˣ̷ģ͡Էʶ
ΪǸڲļ
ջԼĿ⣬ȴʩʩ
ʩʩ
ƺԷӡ
дθʩͨ绰ǱиŮ˵ô
ԷĿⶨס
ţŮ˲Ĵ˵Сѣѽ
˶ԭſŵʩ͵̧Դ
ʲôԷ˰ѿڶϲʩ
ŵģڿˣ
ƽ飬Ժؽ͵Ǹʵ̫ˣûͦס
ڻʿ˵δ˿
ֳԴûһſž˯ȥˣҲ֪Ǽˣ˾С
ԷɳƵأû¡Ҳû¡
ʩԼգͼԼѣҸȥԵġ
£վԵ˽ӹڲһңòá

ʩǸûע⡣

С
ܺá
ڸԼҪȥƽϣҪɵ
˵ϡŵҲˡ˼ǣȥˡˡ
ʩ̲ס佱ܣ̫ˡ
ڷһۣһ䷿ȻҽûµĻǾͿ뿪ҽԺȥϢˡ
ʩ˴Ĵָ
»Ǻܿס
ڣ
ԩͷҲһˡ
ĻԷû˵Ѿʶǰü͵ŮˣӦþʩ˵ʲô˾
˵ĸоȫ˾
ȫ
ðСѣǼʩѣҽкڡԼ󷽿
˸оġ
ԷҲֻ̧ӦκûɳƵ˵㡢ãԷ
ԷʵͣʩǼҵģû
ڰŵı㵱ȶ˳һԵļ˵ҽ˵ֻܳЩ嵭Ҿ˰ࡣ㿴ųԵ㣬õˣٴȥóԵġ
ܵȫ档
ȻǴѡ
һرİ
лл
ʲôҶһˡ
վһԵʩ
죬ɱһֱﳶˡ˼岻
ü˵ʲô˾ﳶ˵ҺԷأʲô顣
С
ܣûʸܡ
Էҿ
ŵ˻ҩζ
ܳ塣
תͷڶֺ᣺ԷãȳԹ
ãллڽ㡣
ԷҲܹɵػӦ
վһԵʩԼܶˡ
ȥϴʩ˵
ȥȥɡڰڰ֣ûͷæŰԷϡ
ʩ
Ů˱ٶҲǿġ
ʩߵʱԷÿ˵Լȥһˡ
ԷӣͷӦȥɡ
Ⱦͷ
иССĳҡ
ʩ˵ϴʵ侲侲ġ
˼еҡ
ȻԷˣĸ飬ɲܾôˡǸĸҲŮɣصĻܹɷǷн
֪Էʲô뷨
̺һ׼ȼʱһ˴һȵĲܻ߳ضŵ绰𣺡˵ʲô˲ˣô᲻ˣŲǷʲôûأ𣿡
ֵʱʩ̵Ķסˡ
ͷĿؿǸˡ
ÿ¡


57 
ʲôЦңʲôң˭㣡Ůٽϻ, Ů㲻ˣСҸܣܻ͸ţԼ˲
ͳ侲ŮӦ
ΪŮ˵С, 
ɫ΢
Էڳϡ, Ҳסˡ
˶û˵, ֪
滹ټ³ʲô飬ɿ˵ҡҲȥϴ֡
Էͷ
˾䡣
ļ, ûµ, Ƕڡ˵, ֻ, һߴ绰, һ߳ȥ
⡣
ڲµû, ôɡ
ҽԺԷļˣʩڸʱûʸŮ, עԼҽԺ
ֻ, Ů, Ķܵ˺ʩôǷͥϼ
Цĸ㰡ҽŮֵõʲô
ʩĿԡ
ﾡǷŭ
עԴǡ
עʲô, Ҫעʲô
˵ˣָʩı˵Ҹ, Ҳ˭, ֻҪ, ֲǵļ£ЦɣĻëСѾͷ
ʩ޾¡
Ҳ, ˣΪ˸Ů˽ʲôĸءҿʲôЦɡҺĸûڿЦѾϵʦˡ
㣡
վָڷ
ΪסԺֵ㻤ţټǸŮӷˣû뵽һëѾͷѵ
̧־ʩһѵ˺ڵס֣ǰɣ
ڲŲʩô˽
ظ˽ֱ˵廹
ˣҪݣס
ڣǴСͱ顣Ҳ壬޵Ƭ˽˵ġ
ģķƢ˭ʹ
ڻʱҽԺıҲˡ
ղĵ绰ǴҽԺʩŮӣ֮ǰѧ㲫ʲô˶Կǲ˵ġ
ҽԺ
ӵ绰󣬸Ҳܼʱ
˵黹ҪˣղǶ˰ɣ
վûСѾͷƬſھİ͵ҡʲôʱˣں˵˵
ҲǸյȷʵҲҪ˵ơ
˵ܴǴǱ߹ˣȻҲΪ˼ԷС㾯վҪ£ҽԺֹҪֵĻǿɾͱþˡ
˵죬վϢġ
˭Ըִ
Ҫ˰ʲôиء
ξôˣðŮȻ
ȻôвǰɣҸ㣬쿴Էõİְֵϣһûн̫Ҹ㣬ٶԿӸ㲻㣡
𿴺üͣѧʱǸק㡣
ŶҪڵ֣ǵ͵˺ܶࡣǣ۸
ⷬģվ嵽ˡ
ıҲû뵽Сô
һ룬屣ΧֵڨЦ˵ȻҾǿЦ
ƣơ
ղƣȷʵŵˡ
ɲǿЦ
ɢɢˣɢˡҪȥ֣ҽԺҲԸͽϡ
ȰɢΧˣڼվѾѹҲý֦վĸǰֱ⣺
ҵƬ֪£ǽ˵ġҸѡ񡣵һ㻹Ů飬ôǽȡɴʩŮȨ档İǲУеģôҶ㡣
ڶȥ£ôſԷŮɡҪǮҪʲôǸԼطú¡
˵Ǯ۵һ˿
ע⵽ǸĿˣ˾ŲʮǮûλ
ԲŻһֱ֡
ȻҪǮ
ǲǺܺð졣
ϣֻҪǮ飬Ƕ¶
׵İɣ
ڲŲĳһģֱӿżɽ
Ůļͥ˵ŮһⰡ
Ůû˵ʱ򣬾ָ׬ǮáˣͶҪ΢õĵһ֣Ůļһֶû
˵꣬ʩˡ
Ϊ˲ȥصȥһ䡣

ʩüͷ΢ΪʲôҪ̸
Ǿˣ飬ø㽲ͨ˵ȥʲôģҪһȲ˵ж֤ݣԷԽܵ𣿡
ĲУǰģĸҲǿԵİֻ㿼ǹûǱϾԷõİְְǸңܵٴ˺ϾѪԵס
ô˵ᣬ͸ᰡ
Ҫʲô飬ܲҲǻеܵܣҲûʵɣ󻹲ָ
ӲӲʹľֻԷá
ǻѪһġ
ּͥìܣģֻпǮˡ
ֲǵǮһԽ壬Էó뿪Ǯûǿ׬Щԭֹͥİأ
û
ţ
˵˺ܶࡣ
ʩļ򣺡ңġ
һ֪أ
Ĳһ˿߽ݾȡ棬ôװݡ
еǰ취֪㰡
̰Ȼͻߡ
ߣǸ
Ц˵
ĺȲԷðɡϸ
š
-

Էɫ԰ס
һжģڿǵġ˵Ϊ飬ߵ˺ܴ鷳
ʩƿ߽ʱԷ̧ۿ˲䣬ֹסµˡ
Բ𡣡Ǹ
ʩ첽ǰһѽ§˻
˵ʲôͿءʩο
Ҳã鷳ˡԷò׾ԼԴ󷽷ؽܰͱˡ
ԭͥס
ֿʼˡ
Զҵ鷳ԶΪҪңҾÿĺͿ֡ԣɲԣҪپ鷳˺òá
Է޵ۿͨ졣
ֵ
ʩܿ϶ظһҪԼҲң𣿡
ԷСͷá
ʵʵڵĽӴĪİ
˽ӵ
еһУҲûôˡ
-

ھͽӵվĵ绰
һԷֱ⣬Լʱ̸̸̸˵Ǹ顣
á
˵ã
˼ǲԷ
ڶˡ
Ц԰
㣬ҽԺиݡԷ˵
ػأС
绰Ҷϡ
ֲͨһ롣
ƽĮܸоеˡ
ŵ绰ͷ˵
һĪǰɣе顣šǰϵãˡ


58 
ڰ˵ʩ, ˵ʵҪԷȥ, Ҳȥġ
Ͼ, ˭, ѽܰɡң֮ǰѼ˿ôҪԲŻһδƾ˺
ǻýǮĹϵ
ʩܲζ
ƺҲİ취
ȥ, У, Էûɵİɣ
ʩҲ֪, Ƶú, ٿɡ
ûʲô, Ϳ԰Ժˡʱ򿴿Ҹʲôɡ
ʩҽԺ
аɡ
Ҳе, һؾƵ꣬ʲô˵
š
-
ʮ㡣
Էǳǳһ۾ѹ, ʩվڲĴǰһƬɫ
Ŵ⿴
һ
Է룬Ҳһʲô°ɡ
Լʲôﲻ
ԷĬ
һ, , 
һĽлʩˣڡء
Ҳ, һ˯ɡ
ʩ˶١
ԥһᣬ˲ӡ
С
˰һ
ԷĻ
ˡǿ, Էú
᲻ᳳ㡣˵
Էûףʲô
ͣ˵
ԼҲоˡ
ӵʱ, 
ᡣԷЦЦ
̤ʵ
˯𣿡˵
˯Ű
ô˯ء
ӵ, ˭˯ѽ
ʩ
⻰û˵ɡ
˯𣿡
֪ʰˡ
ʩ˵
ԷûȤڨڨ˵һ˵˯ŵĻ, ˵ĻءȻ˯ŵĻҾ˯ˡ
˯šʩٵؽӹ
ŵƣô˯ţ
Է
ƣʲô
ر
ʩҿ
Է˵ҽЦ¡
ʩ㶣㲻˵˵˵𣡡
ôЦˡ
˼˵Է

С
һѾȫסˡ
ֻ֪Ҫһȫûޡ
úúáЦ
ԷԴĻ￿ԽЩĶӶĻˡ
ʩʿˮѹ˵
ţһ죬Сְ˵Һ䰡Ȼְָ˵ȥǽǶšСְ֣Ϊʲô
ְô˵ġ
ʩͷԴԷ
Է룬˵ΪŲ䣿
ʩҡҡͷǡ

Ϊʲô
ʩЦ
ԷָǵǸط׷Ц˵
Ϊǽ90Ȱ
90ȵǽϣôء
Է
Цǹģ
ԷƵӣʩΪˣæ˵ιҽЦģû˵ýЦ׼Ŷ
Ҳû˵ôİ
ԷһҲûء
û㻹ұ־룿
ûС
Էϡ
ʩֻԼſȥ㻹ҪҪģ
ʲô
Ц
Է˹ԼֲԴͱܵٴĻġ

š
˹һΰɡ
ʩѹĺ֪ܵͣʲôʱԴѾˣ˵
ǰɽɽиϺУϺڸСн£½ǴǰɽɽиϺУϺڸСн¡
Է
Ūѧǣ
ĺܻԷ֣ס죬ͼסĺŪˣ
ʩġ
ҴˣҴˡ
ʩÿûзһߣǽסˡ
һӱúȣԷоԼڷ̡ʿˮͷʩǰ
ʩĺ֪ʱóء
ҽԺŴסԷһ
ÿŴܱ߶ڹ˯ʱšԷڸסŸ̫̫ûʮһ˯ˡ㻤˯ڸŴ
˯һ󣬽һֱС
ԽСԽ롣ΪҪúܽſԷڽЩʲô
һ¡ʩͻȻ˵

ʩԼҲһ¡
û뵽Լ˵Ļ˵ˣ
ƺЩΡ

ˡ˵
⻰˵һŶȶûС
ԷУ˵Ǹġ
ôģ
ߣ
Էû˵ʩĺ󱳣ͼ˯˯ɡ
˯
˵Ǹˣ
˭˯Ű
滳ǹģ
ô˵Ȼ˵Ҫȥ˯

Էжĳɷ֣˼Ӻ͵̧ͷҲ֪ǳŵˣ΢ԵˣԴôȥ
Ǵġ
κûסֱȥˡ
Ҳ֪׵ˣ֮촽˸ģͶˡ
ʩ
ԷϽԴҲŲˣôſϡС˵Լ˵һµġ
˼ǣԼ˵ġ
׶ˣ׼˵ң
ʩԿհ˼ӵʱ䡣
֮Էоס°ͣоȵĺǰ˵Сˡ
ˣ
ʲôˣ
£û롪
оԼ촽ʲôĶסˣס˺ߴ˵Ȼ˰
Ҫ׹
ңһô

ԷҲû뵽˻ҽԺĲǡ
ǵ޷
˯ȥ

Ҳ֪ʵģξ
ڶѵʱֻһڲϡл㱣֪ơ
Ѿˡ
ǰô飬ѡ
еԼ˴һԼһ
촽ˣ
ڿȷǣǿ϶ˣ
λԼ촽׵ģ
ϡ
Ҫʲôϸʱʩˡ
Է
ûˣʩ֡
Էһºأڡޡ

촽ˣҪô˰
ԷС
Ĺĵػأû
ҽˡ
ÿ춼๤ɨԻǸɾҲûʲôζ
ʩ󣬾˵ȥ˳Ժʰ¾ͿԳԺˡ
ԷûػԹϴ֡
ʩ˵ȻʲôͣҴȥԡ
Էûػ
ʩŲԣæ㡢ô
ģ
û˯ã
ԷԼô˵ʱ򣬲Ĺĵ̧ԴָԼ촽Լĺ£
ͻȻʦ
ʩΨΨŵŵҿҡô
˼˵ôˣ
Լúÿ
ˣ
Ҫôȥ˰
ʩ
Ҳðɡ
Ҳðɣ
ԷĻ
ִ˴ԴָԼŵ촽ҧгݵ˵㡢ٸϸءúõأҿˣ
ʩֿһ飬ţȷʵе׵ġ
ţĴûƺȡ
ſŲ֪ΪʲôʹأȻܵأһסĺףĴȥ
ţ׵ĵطҸոѹȥˡš
Է


59 
ԷصԼס, Ѿʰ˲ˡûз飬˵ѾsУʩһϲˡ
û뵽ôһ, ϲ˾¡
ܿա
ûʲôԵġ
Էܲ˼˵˲ϲʳ, ԡ
ûʲôԵĿд
ûϵ, һᣬʰöͰѷӸ˰ɡ˵
á
, Է, Ҫ뿪ĪǵĻ, Ӧúܳһʱ䲻ٻˡҪҪһĪǵĺ֮ģһԸ, Ǿһۡ
˵, һʩ
ͷ͵ǰ
Է, ˼˼ӵʱ󣬻أеġ
еġ
û, ʱҲһ
Ϊ֪ʲô, ֪
Ҫرܡ
֪ġ
о˿
ԷҲûټ˵
ŵʱ, ʩЩ̫κܳĬ˵ȥһ˷Сҡ
ٻ
ʩ֪һС, ǰ˵иС, Ȼר, ˶ܺõ, ҪʲôֻϣĿ֡
Ҫ뿪Ӧȥġ
Ҫȥ𣿡
á
Էҡҡͷ, Լ⸽ܽġ
á
źϵ˲䣬ԷϵЦֹסˡ
̫˽ʩˣҽԺ˺ڣ͸оʲô
ϲ׷ʵס
Ȼ˲˵飬ҲȥʵġѡһĵطԼһᡣ
ԷûиǣʵǸСǰѧʱ򣬾Ѿˡǻû񣬵ѾСзꡣ
ڹϰ࣬һҲи嵽ǧǮ̺ȾƣżСһ£Թô꣬ҲûʲôǮ⻨ˡС̸ǮȫСˡ
ûʲôǮԼҲûû򷿣ͺ͹ͬסϹиܵܣ顣
Ҫ뿿ڳϰ࣬һ׬顣
Էʱ˵ʱµûš
˵ĿϴӰɣûûûʲôûл˸̣
˵׼Ҫ̥ģ
Ϊһ̥ǸŮŻϣһȻû˵һҪккٺòˡ
жϰҲͷ
ʲô˶
һŬĸΪúӹϺõ
Է
С˵ûҸġ
ǸڿŮˣʲôԼ𣬻˵ṩ˺ֵֻܸҪһҲԹʲô
в˳Բˣ⡣
ݣк
˵Сˣûǲз᲻ǮѽϸѽֺǺǵġ
Ҳȥƽʲô
Էһμȥ׵ʱ
ڱأҵżҾͶʮӵ·̡ˣ綯͵ˡҲϴżҾҾ͸С
˵ٹ꣬Ҫ˶̥СͿԶŴˡ
Լȥϰࡣ
ʲôأ
Էʡ
Ц˵ʲôѽȥʦҲУȥϰ඼ѽһ˫֣׬ǮĶеġ
СרҵʱǸصġ
ԷбҵרҵȥһԺʦûã͸Ϲʶˡ
˵Ϲ׷Ŷ
ҿɺˣʲô
׬Ǯһ
鶼ˮˡ
˶Ů˺ãŮĸԸ޸
˳ȻСȻһΪСŬ׬ǮһҡʲôҪûʲô׷Ҳƺ̫Ҫ
Ҫǣǵǳȶ
û˺ѷεҲΪ治棬ںġ
ռĿǡ
׬Ǯҡ
ǵĿƺҲܼ򵥣׬Ǯá̺Ⱦƴƣĥʱ䡣
ŮϴС⣬Ŭ׬Ǯ
ظ
ԷһʱоԼôֵ̫ˡ
һֱ̽嵽ʲô
һҪʲôɣ
СǾ޷ܵġ
鲻ӦǺͰһԼԭͥ˶ΪʲôҪ͹סһΪʲôԽܱ˽̥̥
ΪʲôûԼ뷨أ
ǵ죬һ˦Сʱ
ɴЦ⣬Ѿ֣˵ԷСͱһ顣õĸУõĴѧԺǰƽĹ·ңֻҪССʵҴСͲϲ飬Ҿϲ档ϲչˣûʲôġ
ңΪŮˣЩ𣿡
ԷûѾһˡ
׷ĶѾȫһˡ
ҪľҶԣ̫޺Ʈ졣
ҾҪʵʵġ
Էʱⲻˣǡ
ˡ
ÿ˶һ
÷СòãŮӦҪԼϣԶֹΪͥ
ɶڷС˵Ļо˿֡
ҲҪԼʲôŮԲ˵ıǩҲʲôԼ
ļˣϹϹļˡ
˾Էʲôá
ֻԼ֪úܲ֡
ƾʲôȥɱ˵أ
Ŭȥźɣܸıĸʲôأѵÿʲôأ
֪
Էһڽͷ
˲䣬ƺƷȥܶ˼͹
ͨĳһ̣ͻȻԼûôڰ׷ˡ
ҲʼܸĿܣҲãԼҲãǷĵĲ⣬Լݡ
Ϊʲôء
Ϊʲôء
ôĶ塣
ûôĶ塣
Ե֪Լĸ׺ʩҪһԴɵʱƽǰãΪʲôǮ
ΪʲôҪŮ
ΪʲôôŬȥ󣬻ʲôûС
ΪʲôҪô
죬ûС
ûҲûʧ
ƽ͡
ֱͦһһٵ˵ǮԼһ붼롣ʮǻǶġҴСûʲôǮǻҪһƨԡ
ԷǵûַҪǸ׶󣬲˵ҪǼһ򡣺Ų
ǮûСеĻȽҡдϢ㡣ǲϢĻҾȥн衣֮ҸһԽ塣ΪĸԸ
Է֪Ǽ̸ϸôģǺСġ
֪
ΪǱʲô
Ҫٴκĸĸһ档
һΣҪ¼ƵҪǩͬҪʦڳ
ʩĬ˺ܾá
ʣȷ𣿡
Էͷȷ
Ȼı䲻˱ˣôܸıģֻԼ
ңֻԼ
ޣֲѧܣǳɳ
ҪȥܣΪŮԼûбĸƫпʵҪôϡͿعҪôԼѡ
á
ǻһֱڵġ
-
󡪡
ռҡ
վġ
治ȫҪֽ
Էƨתˣˮ¼Էֹˡߵ
Էӷ췭ظı仯
ʼŽһЩʵһֱǨ͡
һ˺һιϵò飬ҲԼʱͣ
ʹӣֻԼ
ֻԼԸԼ㹻ĵ
õ
վڼ̸飬ǿԽܵġ
͵Լ˸
Ҫˣ˫̸
ǮˣŮͼ޳ȥˡ
󣬼飬޹ء
Ѿóȥˮˡ
ӷСѧġ
С˵Ϲһֱû񣬾Ϊû̸áҪԷóʮһ׷Ϲһ㣬ÿ궼߰˰˵ĿһóôǮҪ򷿣ȷʵеѵġ
Ծһֱš
Сĸĸ
Ĺſ
һеܵҲʵ
ҪҪǮ
Ҳʵ
ȻƷˣǾͽܡ
ô̸ô̸
ԷԼĸĸ̸
Լȥ⣬ֵ׵ػһš


60 
ʮ, ˣһ붼룡վʲôΰܺ˼, ˼ԼֵôǮ
վû뵽Է, ʦ, дصĺͬ
Է֪֮ԻѡԼ̸Уһԭ, , Է˺üİеڱ϶š˵ʵ, һæβ
, û뵽ֱӽһѹʮ
һŮԼ˵ģ
վǳ
Է, ǳˡ
ԷЦΪҲ֪֮ǰΪʲôһֱ, ҽԭʲôҪǮǮҿԸ, ӽκιϵ
ں˵ʲôվʸڷԼΪǮ
˵㲻ΪҪǮ, ʲôڲձҵŮ, Ҫһôı£Լ׬һ㵱ǵǮϵİһ򣬲һٿ顣Լ, ò˼𣿡
Էᡣ
ڷ
վѹ˿ָ˵üҵŮ, ޸Ǹϰ, ˼Ҳ188򣡻з, Ǹжû㻹˴ѧôͲҪôǮˣ
ҾһŮȻ첻, ҲڼһָʲôûǮԺô죿𣿡
Ǻǡ
Ц
㲻Լʱ˵ĻĺܿЦ𣿡Էãʮͷ޸һʮ඼ʮѾĴϰ塣˵мޣ˵˼Ҽ˼ҵô
ԷҵݣȴԴΪ١
ΪһǮĴϰ嵱ˡ
ȱǮ
ӡ
ոҲΪ£һֱڴԷȥף顣
Ҳһ١
ᣬǺʱ
Цʲô˼Ҷʲô⣡
ԷǰţֻҪһǮͿ԰Ѻܶ顣ڿǵġ
ĸĸΪ˴ѧõļױ
ǿԶʱ
ʩڣǽǳģҲ˶ϡ̬ȣǽһֲǻ֤֤թŮ
վըˣôթŮˣҵˣŮҪǮôˣ
ʩĮĸĸŮҪǮһġ
վܻ˵ǻΪŮָˣڲãԺˣҸòˣ
ʩҲøʮͬǩ֡ԷԺ͸һκ飬޹ء
Ծܾ
ǽһֲ
ֱӴߣʲôûˡ
ԷԭΪԼԽģΪԼǿˡֱʱнΧ
ûȥԷʲô
ǲѪԵϵ
Ҳеˣûڸ㿪Ц˵ģǵǰ˼ˡ
컹ӦһأվƲƲ죬ܲ˵
ƨԣ
һ
Էһô
ϺˣƤӣͷһμôҪ
ԼŮʶҪһ
ǲԼ˭
Է
˭˵㣡
ӣ
鶼ȥˣ
ӾԼŮ𣿣
Էίģɲ֪Ϊʲôôһ˵ί
һֱǿŲˮµ
˵Ļֻ赭дһ䣬һһֻһͻỬ˿ڡ
Ҳܣ㰮ҪҪ
̸ˡ
޷̸ס
Ĳ㣬ֻҪжԱȣĲ㣬Զ޷㡣
Ҳһ
ԷԼǣֻʮҪȻһֶûУ
˵꣬ӣתˡ
ԼٴȥҪʹˡ
ǿ޵ӡ
ΪԼΪǶѹǽ죬ְֵһ档ĬĸͣһԵķ̡
ң룬û˻վ
ʩһռңβ
Էߵ¥£˾޷סʹޡĸĸͨϰգǰڹϰ࣬˵⣬Ϣ˺ܳһʱ䣬ھԼ˸С⣬żԶŸ˿׬졣
һ׬ҲǺܶࡣ
ǰǼͥڼССˣԼ˵߻á
СǾ͸ԷûʲôǮġҪʲôҪԼ־˵ǶǼûǮΪûǮͿǼңҪҪŬ
ԷҲǵԸȥˣŬõĹУصĹѧ˵СûʲôǮ
ѧǮȫԼġ
ǲô趼ǲġ
ļͥϽȴܻǧܵһ˫Ь
˵кӳⶼҪӵģȻҪõһЩ·ˡҪȻᱻ˿ᣬѵġ
ԷҪһ˫һٲĹЬȴͷһݡ
˵ʡ
ǳлǸУԷľУ
ֱڣرлȥÿһûзԼ˶ЬûйĽһ˫Ьܶ꣬ÿҲˢúܸɾ
Ҳµġ
ôοԼ
ÿθĸ㻨Ǯֻеܵܵͷ
ǮһʮģʱͳһӣһҲԣͰǮš˻µ·Ͱȥɫľ·84Һһݣָµһ
Ժܳһʱ䣬罻
˶ĹעΪֻҪ΢עһЩͻע⵽ʵܲ
ֻҪмڣȥ㹤׬Ǯ
㱻żңҲһҪǮ
ɲôܡ
ԶԶ
ô
ʹ飬ΪԼѹģΪԼѾеˣ֮Ŭȥҵý˺áҪǸĻǮȥĻҪǸд棬ԸǮȥд档
Ŭ׬Ǯ
һԱǿ
ԱܣΪԼȡɡû뵽ǡ
ʱû취⡣
ſʩļϣ޵Ϣ
ôŬҴΪʲôǴϿңΪʲôҪȴӲϸ㹻İΪʲôҪôʹࡣΪʲôʲôǴġ
ҾӦҸ˽ӣһǮȻҲһõŮ𣿡
𣿡
Էʮý188ԷоԼڼҵӣĸʹˡ
ѾʼҪǮˣվɲ⡣
Է֪ԼˣҪô
֪
֪
ʩۿҲˡ
ļ˵װСѣŬԶġǡԶҪԼòáܷˣԶߡ㲻Ҫ£ҲҪޣòá
Է޵һһġ
ʱ·صʮꡣ
ʮꡣ
죬ĸ˵ԷѾʮˡڷϣѾˣҺ裬ѾûиˡҪԼЩ㶼ûʲôϵġ
Ȼû˵ԣҵУܵܵġ
ʵҲûҪʲôֻҪһϿɣֻһϿɡ
á
ǡ
ûй
˵ҪѧҲãֱӳȥҲСﲻٸǮˡܵҲҪˣﶼҪǮġ
꣬ǸСѧҵͳȥ򹤵ãѾÿԸˡ
飬ǵǮ
Ҳꡣ
ԷԼǸŮ飬ʵ
룬ԼҪǸкӣǲǻɺܶ࣬ĸĸǲǻһ㰮
ֻһ㡣
ǡ
ʹֻԼ
꣬ʩ

ֱڡ
ޣ˫ˮ
Ŷ˵

ߣ߰ɣ𣿡



61 
ķܴ
Է, ûҪش˼ڱҪһʱҲúܰ
, Ǻȥġ
˵̸׵, ͿԻsС
Էû˵ֱӵͷ
϶Ҫߵ, ûʲôġ
Ѿˣʲôأһֻڹ꣬, Լ
ڲŵ̨
ĪǵĽֹͨ㲥, ÿʱ, źĸ衣Էʱֻ, ǮһССǮ۶, ܡ
ʩ
ǰѹʱ, ͵͵üĵ绰ȥ̨, ߡ
̨˵ܺҲġ
Էÿζᱻ
ԭǵá
Է˴, ϲʺϿ̫ˡϺ, ķ̨Եе
ԷҰСһڸʻ, ֣ԵСˡ
Էں, Ĵܡ
Ҫ˵Щʲô, û취ڡ
ԾԴ
ڿһڿʩ
ԭ˵, ʩȥһԷ
ʩ֪ڵҪԼ⡣˵˶ֳĬ
Բ˰ɡ
ֻڸ̸˸, ʩ֪֪ˣ϶ͬġ
ҲԷ
ѹ

ͨͥһӳͷϣǿӡ
Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ͦܵġ
-
Сʱ˳ִޡ
Էĵ޵ÿһ˶ܻӭǾʩļһر顣˵ԺͰﵱԼļҡʲô˵
Էƽõֱˡ
趼ûĹĺչˣеظܵˡ
ţллǰ
⺢ӣ˵ʲôллްǾһˡҪô֪
˵sÿ͡
ʵԷһʱ򣬾Ѿܵˡ
ٴʱ򣬸еظܵķ飬ĿԸοġ
ѹôĵطʩƫ
Ϊмҵĸо
Īͷɡ
󺣵ķӭ洵Ŀʼɣ
ԷȻЦ˳
-
ҡ
ʩͺԶ
Էڱ˺ܴȻطϢˡʩ˺һȥƽд˵Ļҡ
˵ɣʩ󣬿ڣǸʲôͬǩġ
ûʲôɡһʼ̫˵ʩ׷£˿ڣǸܵܣţרְһѧҪưɡҪ˱ƣٸһĹ
ҪõѧõĹ˵ЩԺҲ׵㡣ҪȻȢһš
ʩ
˼ϣԺĶϱڵģʦˡȶмڣ˼ҡʦ۹ߣඡ
ʩ
Ӧˣ
Ȼأ
αٶ鷳¡ͬŮһͲܲˡһĸȴˤˣ»ˡ
һеػȫ
ʼ磺˵ֻҪӦǩǸͬԷأ͵ˣҲˡ
ʩһǲҪʳԡ
ڲЩᣬתת˵ûǸӣȻĻġûЦġ
ûĸĸƫĳġ
ŮͲ
Ͷ¡
Σĺ鷳ˡǮһתģʱûôʽ׸㡣
Сڰڰ֣ǵСǮҶ⡣ҾǼˡ
ͰԷ˵ģұϢһ㡣˭ǮǴģ˵ˣʮɲСĿ
Ҳøô㣬Ҷ⡣ǲҲûϵ͵Ľɡ

ôѵû˼һҵ뷨ڱĵǲеİŮ

Ҫûһң
ֻǽ顭
ʱӦûôġ
̫˽Էˡ
ѹǮ϶ҪҵȶԽʱ䣬Ķôҵ׬Ǯϡ
Ǹδչ
ʩ
ʱԼġ
ϾԼҵഺĳɳܶʱΪҲȻȻӰ쵽
ҾͲˣеۣ˼ҡ¸ȥ˷ͱ˹
ҿҲûա
ιڲҲ̫ûˣ
ھҪʼ𣿣
ʩ
㣬ˣ
ڸծʮȻûʱ˰Ҫæ׬Ǯ
ڣ
ǽڡ
˵ǸǮԲûģ
ʩŶҲֻ
ǮһҪġ
ǮԷǷģԲǷˡ
ΪǷģĿԲû
ڣ
˵û
ûС
ڲʵ



-
ʮ¡
Źڡ
޵ķ춼ԤˣԷڻ˯Ҳָ˾񡣿ʼ޺;ƹ֮æ
ڿ죬ʲô鶼ϸɡ
ǰѧʱָļְ
˵ֻҪһ˫֣ûʲôǲеġ
Ȼۣܷɣżÿ죬ϾƣҲá
ټúƯ죬ҲвҪ΢šԷܵģС
еĹ˿ͻԼӣȶ˹˿ͻֵò죬ʩ
õ΢ȥǡ
ȲᲵӣܸȥá
ԷԼأʼӵˡ
ʼҪ΢Ÿоܷʼ󷽵ؽܱ˶Ŀ佱̹Ȼػлл
Ƿĵؽܣ˶Ͽɡ
޵ԱҲദķǳǢʦ֪ĪˣҲôܳζ
Īǵɫˡ
ÿ˶չ
ɼһ
Էоů
һжܺá
ҲӦ
ֱǼ죬޵رࡣܶ˶ǱſģԤ޵ÿͣ档Ͽ԰ŸϺ
ÿͣһ㶼Ҫշѵġ
ھƹѼɡ
Ǽ޿ر࣬϶ˡҪô£Ҫôһˡ
ֲ֮ѡ
ÿ˶ֻա
ĺۼ
Ҳ֮飬ԷʱЩÿЦݶžͷĽΪû취
˵ľͷò
ʱῴЩ˷
ֱ죬жԷޣСǵĸĸΡĸûҪһںһȫҸ
ǺסһԿǵԷҡҡ˵ŮпյĻ԰һļƬ𣿡
λĵܿĲᵢ̫õʱ䡣Ҹĸȥ
ԷӶס
ԷֻѾݵĸǰ
ЦŶ˵ǾͰллŶ
Է


62 
ɡ
ԷԥҪҪӹֻʱ, һ˫֣ӹ˵ֻ
Էתͷˡ
Էףȥæİ, С˵, ֳڵķ˵ͷ, ̧Ц˵ҪվһվŶܺ, ҪЦһЦŶ, Ծ
֮, Էʾ⣺
ˡ
, ǳġ
յ䲻Ӱʦôרҵ, Ȼغ˹ͨӦôվλ, ε
Էû취ġ
ϲ˸棬ͬʱҲϲȥˡ
ԷĲӶԭ, ޷ƶ
ʩ黹ֻ˷ǳ, һֱ˵ллʩ˵ÿ, ӦõġǣߵߣǿѰæӡġ
Ծϲ
ʩףǵ, ƳĻȤĻ, ȥԿġ
Ǻܺð, ̫лˣ
ͣӪҵһܺ, ϺµƹͷҲ˵͸ĸȻѾˣԹûõ, ֻȥµĽķʽ
Ƴ³¡
κʱá
̵Ǽ죬ʩеĲһ顣
ǶĻ񲻵λĵطȫм¼˸ĸ﷽
֮ǰĲпͻ˼۸ƫߵ⡣
޵ļ۸߷һǧңƽҲҪ߰˰١
˿;ûôߵļǮסһϣԼ۱Ȳߡȴˣȫ̰ͣ͵ȡȻ˿ȻǲȥǮģǿֻм۸
ΣʩԱһյؿ
ԳԼ񣬻Ǵķգֻⴲ̵ġ
ϴϲȾ͵õĵط
۸ڶڣҲ͡
ǰ֮ǰӵһЩ񣬶ɾǶλҪƳɱһΧ֮ǰĺߵޣ۸񲻻䶯ġӷȫ档
ȻⶼǺڵĹ滮ͬʱҲгͶļ۸
޺;ƹݵɫ⣬쿪ŵĳʵʩϲŻеĸϺҲ⿪š
ȻЩҪѵģ⣬Ƴ˺߼Ʒز۵ȣǺġ
ȫɶλ󣬹Ŀ󻮰ͿԿʼʵʩˡ
ʩ֮ǰԷ˵ģҪƹý˺ţ˵˵ȴ¡
ҷǳҪ
޵ĶλȺҲӵĹ㷺
ҪعȣԴӿ
ȹڣæ⼸죬ʩͻԷ̸顣ϾóģԶֹ˲赹ˮ
ʩҲЩӵĻ
Լ㡣
ǶԷĵ
-
ҹ
ԷںߵĽʯϷ
ҲôˣȷʵһӦʼĲ֪ӦҪôЦڣҲΧʺˡ
ܼסʦÿǰҪ̣Ҳ⵽ÿζʹһԷ˵˺ݣһ㶼æ󣬴ҶȥϢʱһ˿һƿơƣԵ㻨ס
ԷΪϲʹһԷ֪ˣѾŹζ
˵ǲԡ
Ҳ֪ڳæỊ̇Ķϱ˸ӡ˵Ҫȥϱӵģϱ˵Լʲô
޿Եסһʱ䣬֮Ҳɩ
ǧҪΪӣԼĹ
̻˴뱲ӣͷһ˵飬ʵԼҲ̫ԴϰͺȥϼǷǷˡ
ȻͳǮ
Щߴģ԰סҲʲôǮһǮϱһ˵˸ӡ
ϱ֪࿪ģһֱ˵лл裬лл衣

ܶʱƬʽƴġ
ʱǮĳǮĳһ£Ұһ¡
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Ҳǰɡ
ԷںºͶʲôء
ΪһӰʦڵȻԾͷ
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Ż谵ҹɫ
Ĭԡ
ʩ÷ӾƵǰʱûע⵽
ʲôءʡ
ͻȻֵԷһ
ʩæǸǸŵˡ
Ҳ˵ŵֻ顣
Щ
㲻İʡ
Ůӵ˼Ѳˣֱʡ
Էû뵽Ȼֱӣ˼Ӻ˵ҲǲİɣԼľͷΪʲôû취ˡ
û취־Ͳ¡
ǣϵ尡
˲ǵģԲô㣬ôرܣҪ˽Ӵġ
ңҪ׬ǮĻȻ˸׬Ǯ
˭Ǯȥء
֮ǰǸңתͣΪ׬ǮŻĳɻģд档
Ȼʵʵˡ
˵ûǮκζ״
ԷǵõһѧӰһŮͬѧ˼ÿҵ׬ɶǮˡ
ǰæıҵգĸģһ£׬ƽüµǮء
ǸŮͬѧҲԷһְģԷĲˣˡڿԼеˡ
ܶ飬ʵȰ֧Ǻѵġ
׬ǮƺǺܴĶɡ
ʩһ
׬Ǯֵܼ
ʩĻشҲʵȻ˰
ҲҪıġ
׬Ǯһֱû취⣬Ҳ벻ˣеһУڶѭ
ƹݣҲһ֮󣬲ŰѾƹݸġ
ûϲ㽨
بŲĵ
ǲ̫ˣΪԼһԷƵ
ʩҡҡͷǵģʱϲľͷȥһЩĶֻǣ׶Σǲ̫óûɣ
Ϊʲô˿Ե飬ȥܣ׾ٵȥ飬ȴأ
ɱҲֲóѽ𣿡
ΪʲôҾͲأ
ֲǸǧ𣬼ûʲô
Ϊʲôôء
ʩĵغ˵㲻ǲУҪһܵĹ̡
𣿡
ǰҲûԼȥӣȥڵ̯׬ǮҶŮӦҷ氲ȵĹΪʲôԴŮȴأΪŮԱŮԼĶͺխǸ޵ĿݣΪϵòĺͰָֻǻ׬Ǯˡ
׬Ǯûģʲôûйϵ
ԣϣǷĵؽԼΪǮ׬Ǯŵʲôûأ
ԷĬá
ͷš
һɣ
ԷžƱеʣҡҿԺȾƵ𣿡
Ȼ˰ʩЦЦ÷Ӿƣߡ
Ŷ֮Է˵лл㰡
ҲپһЩ
ɵϡ
ʩմ鷢ﰵԶȥ׷ΣȰ
һһֱߵġ


63 
», Է½Լһʱûе½ý˺š˺ţ꿪ʼӪġʼļ˿ڵС˿
Ҳյ, Ҳϲķ˿ҹԡ
֮, , ˺ɳ
һȥʱ˿۵޺ղأ˻ԣ˵ĵƬܺÿ, ͷǱֽй
Щŵ, Ƿ϶Ĺ, һ
ӦöЩϴȰ
Ϊĵ
ĸǩд
, ʲô
ôǰѾ׵ĵ, ڷء
ÿʱڵԼ, ĲͲġԼó飬ȡ
ţ
-
תۡ
ʮµס
sȻ¡
Էûʲô붬󴩵·, ͻȻ䣬ڷʩ˵ȥ, ˵, ˡ
ʩɫڣİ
̫ˡ
ǰЩ컹, һҹ͸оҪ붬ˡ
Ļ
Ҿȥ·¡
ǻôء
ֻǰ·ඣ
û·裡
ʩ
ô˵, ǰǼ·ûأ
Ҫ, ʩȻûӦ, ȴʵϡ
߰ɡ
ţ
˵Ҫȥ·
Ŀ𣡡
Ȼأ

˵ȥֲȥ
õģߣ
ʩ
ƺԴ·, ܸȤ
Է˷ܡ
һ·ֱķ䣬߿һˣԷûеķ䡣´ʲôֻ֮һֱķ䡣
Ϊ£û·ˡ
Ÿķ䡣
ʩķ޵ľͷиС¥
¥·ɳЩ¥Ǵ̺¹ķƵĺر𣬶İڷҲнЩûôļҾߡ
ͣЩԼֹƵģľʦԼģȻûС
ۣģ
ʩÿɷ
¹Ҳ𣿡Էָָ¥ϵľʹӣűµĻƣһŶȴúܸɾ
ǸǡʩƳһ˵ǺڼģǸӿźܯ}ˣ˵ŵˡ·һ¡ͷ¥ϵ·ˡ
ڡ
ĺöණйء
˽˺ǼҵĲҵ޾ַҲǼҵģƹҲǼҾɹġ
޺;ƹݵͶˡ
ŵ˵ʩӵеһУֱӵĹϵ
ûĻʩûôʵԼ롣
ԷƵڽ㣬𣿡
ǡ˵ڣʩ¶Ȼɵ̬Ц˵һӡ
ʲôԷû̫ס
ദʱ䲢ãҲԼľˡӦøлġ
ɾΪϵԷоԼò׽ģƺʲôѹסˡ
֮иоԼʲôҲǡ
Ҳﲻʩʲô
Ǯĸ̣һŮǺŽԿ׳ġһʳǣݡʩ͡
ԷͷĬĬôʶ
ʩû˵̫ףһ䣬Եɺϡ
ôܻԷھưʶġ
һһԨԴ
Է룬ѡû˵
˵ԷҲûйˡ
ȥûʲôʺҴ·
á
-
ԷĲɵ·ʲô·봩ɲ֪ΪʲôͻȻû顣
ʲô·ʺϡ
ҺûпرʺϵģҪȻһǵɡ·Ҫˡ룬ԷǾǿԼˡ
Ȼн٣ͲΪԼ
㶼ϲ𣿡ʩؿʡ
ôǵǰͦϲ·ģĥӲӦҪԼ·
ôڣ
ţûпϲġ
ţ
ʩԡ
Ǽɫë²ǿŲ𣿻ǼɫףǶԴ
ôͲϲˣ
ʩҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ȷʵϲԼ·˰ɡʩҲ̫
Ҵȥ򡣡
ûëºôԡ
ˣҲ䡣
ʩ
ողǻúõô
ôͻȻͲˣ
ǿԼţҽ컹иҪĻڷ
µĿѾʼҲµͶʺʩæ÷
ԷҲʼƹĹҲæ
š
˲ɢ
˭ûеȥʶԷôˣȥԷ˼һ²ʱ䡣
ʵԷ޺󣬾һֱܽݵʲô
Ȼû˵ҲһֱϾŮ׶룬ͻȻսô᲻ء
ӦҪô˵Լ˭أ
ϴҽԺ
ǸҲû˺ʩҲûкʲô˵ԷԼ״̬Ҳԣ߶м׶룬йͨҲ޷¶ʵ
˿ʼ˵һε϶
-
Է˵䵽ڷҲȥ
˵ˣ޺;ƹݵ飬ȥæǰ̨̣޵Ĳ;ƹҲзԱҪȥЩ顣
Ͳˣ
Ҳûм˵á
ȥɻ粻
ڷƬ
Ҳȥȥˣ
ԷҲ֪ԼʲôһûţҲû˺һԷ
ŵһί
Ҫ˵ίʲôҲ֪
ʩһҲޣұΪԷˡ֮ǰҲֹ޲ôæʱʩʹˣ߳ȥæ顣
δҲôΪġ
ֱʩǰ̨Ӽһ˻ģЩʣԷôûиһ
ʩϳţеɡ
ûкһȥİ
ûаԼŵġ
ˣǰ̨С͵طӦһš
-
Է˺ܶƬҲҪȥƵˣ۵ۡ
о
ӦǶͷˡ
ҲûϵҲûʲô⡣
ڴϣۡ
᲻֪ʲôʱ۽ǻ䡣
˯ԺʱˡεεΡŴ򿪡
÷š
۾
㲻Ҳۡ
ûʲôԭ
ǲۡ
ƺʶȤҲûҺ
ֲ¡
һ˵ĺҲ˯ˡ
һʩһɵضĸǰ
ΨΨŵŵҿ
㵽ҷʲôԷġ
ǰС˵Ҹæ꣬ûгԷ
أ
Էʲô飡
ʩĸǰŲһȥԣòá
Էһ˵ңΪʲôҪһȥԣ
ֲѾߣ
ҪԷ
ʩʵʵ˵һ
Է
ðȥˣȥԸոպõġ
ϲԵзưҪտҲУҸ̲ҲԣԵģǶԣв
Է
ô
ȻҪԵģһԡ
Ŷ



64 

һóԵġ
Էգô, ȷܳô
ʩĸǰúƵ˵¡
⡢⡢ҲԲ갡
Էˡ
ʩأûҪһꡣ
ǲĻ˷𡣡ԷӹĹĵġиϰ, Զ˷ѡŵҪȥϲ, оҪ, ҲԲ˷һڡ
ôأԲܷű䣬Ǿͷű䡣Ҫǲܷŵ, ֱӵˮͰˡרŻˮյġ
Ҳ˷Ѱɣ
ǡ
ѽ, ʵܶûҪԼô̵ġԲµ, ͲҪԡͻ, ʳﱾбڵġⱾһǳ顣
, ʳﱾӵ, ҪΪ˸ΪʲôӵأȥԼʹ, ⲻǺ
Էû˵
Ҳ˵, ֻûҪԼôࡣΪʲôǿԶԱ˿, ñ˾ˣǿȥЩõ飬ȴԼҪôأ
ҲӦԼġ
ʱԷ뿪Լԭͥ, Ǹһֱʹ״̬ĻСһһж̵Ҫ, Է˯·, Ҫմ˵Ҫ΢еû, ͻᱻͷԵ
ʱԷ֪Լˣ, Ѿ
ڼҶСġ
Լòãֱָű
ʩߴľˣغ˺ܶࡣ
ʱʵڳԲˣԷҲǿԼӲԡ
Ҳ˶ܻҲÿȥֺʲôֻҪԼͿˡ
һ̣ԷŸоԼǷĵĿ֡
ΪҵԼ
-
ʩ˵ԺʲôĵһҪʱҪ˲¡˫۵ġ
ԷҲ֪Լë
У׺˼룬Ա΢㣬ҪǶԷûмʱӦĻͻرûаȫС
ᷴȥ²⡣
˵Ҫʵں
͸˵·һʵЩ·ͦϲģҲ봩ġɾǲ֪ʲôԭſˡ
֪ŷӦʵԱˡ
һ޳ɣ䲻ʲôеʩ
ôԼȴʲôûСʲôҲﲻ
ûǮƢ
ⲻȡ
˵ʩҲ֪
Ϊǲ
ˣʩޱƶظߣҾ;ú֪ˡҲҪʲôġ
ҺΪЩʲô
Է˵
˲һζȡġ
ʩе飬ĸԸġûκǿҡԼԸġ
ԷһҪЩʲôվߡ
Էÿ춼뷨ӸƬɲôģܾʲô
Ƭ󣬷쳣
żԣ˵ⲻһεĵطɣ
һ˶ûоͦģѹҪƬ϶ôɡ
ҪȻ϶˼ˡ
ڡ
޵ճĵٺÿҲ˷ǳҪһ塣Ǿˡ
ûԷԼڷģһֱ˵Լ
ԼŪúۡ
ԽһЩ飬֮Լ͸֧ˡ
Էڴϣ̾һ
ڶҲûôųˣҲܺΧͨͽˣľͷôû취أ
Ϊʲôأ
ԷһֱԼϵ⡣
ֱ죬ֺʩ˵СƢʵ˫֪ԷΪԼãʱ֣ƢǸ׽ˡ
ʩԷҪǴڷߡ
ԷΪԼû취ĳõƬţʩĺѣúܷ
ڱԹ˾䣬܆°ŵʱ򣬾ͻŰûţȻǲ˰
쵽ˣټµĿѾʩԼҲһ죬˯ǰ˵仰
û뵽Էֳǲͷ
ô˵ʩ⣬Ψ
ѹˡ
ֻǺһһڷ鲻ãû뵽Էȴô
ʩĬĬ˳˷䣬һ˵ߴ硣ǰ۵ʱϲһ˵ɢɢ硣ڳĬƣ롣Է˺ϰæˣȥʲô
ԴԷʼĥôĳõƬ˱رꡣһһԲϾըˡ
ֻ꣬ʩǰ˻ǿͿġ
ʩί
øƢ
еᶼȫ
ÿôæĶԴΪ׬ǮǷڵǮ塣
ҶһЩ
ʩҲί
Է֪ʶʱͦεġ
֪϶õ˾ʩˣӦõľǺƢġ
˼ףȥ
ƿţͿվһˣﴵ硣
ʮһµ죬SѾˡ紵ۣԷ鲻ãվǷڡ
ֱ
Ǹˣһվš
Էϳ
군ˣ
϶ˡ
ԼƢ
Էæǰ
-
ʩû뵽Է˼׾ͳˣողôȻĻԶඡ
ԷĵǸҲǹ
ʩҲûӦµǸ֪㲻ǹġ
Ǹ¡
ôԷüײײļԱʾԼʾá
ûвġ
ʩԼڶûƢﻹвĵʸ񰡡
һﴵ簡ط䣬ǲǲඡ
ûСʩʸڷϡ
šԷָ˵ˣ˵ˣܿķôԼôŤˡ
ʩ
ҷôʩй˿
ԷԴļ򣬸˼ҶǸԲඡҵ⣬Ҹղ˵Ǻܺá
ҲǹϵģԼûע⡣
ʩ
Ժ󣬾Բ˵ˣԷ췢ġ
ʩҵ档
ҲǸ˼ʩ˵˭ƢҲзʱ򡣵ΪҺ㰡ʱƢҵϣһúίġ
ΪҲæһ죬Ҳеˣ˵˵㲻ͷĻһ᲻֪ӦҪ˵ЩʲôġҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô𣿡
Ȼ˰
ҲûôءԷæ˵
ʩҲ΢õˣ԰Ҳ
Ǻͺ¡Է͵Ц˵
ʩһ˵ʲôʱ򳳼ˡ
ԷдʣǾƢ£治¡
ʲôʱˡ
͸ո¡
ոֻԼĸѡ
Ŷ

һ󺣷紵Էһ
ʩۣһļ˵طɡ
罫ʩĳҷɣԶŹ⡣Է˿Զֿ˿Եˡ
˷
еһУ˵ʡ
ԷµĹͼ
ͻȻԵ˵
ң
ң
ңԻȥøԷظ˵Ƭ𣿡


65 
˵, һƬ𣿡ʩһϢʵ
ԷͷСѯʣ, 𣿡
Ȼ˰
ô᲻أ
ʩǿסЦ, æصͷȫûⰡ
˵һ, ֻҪģʮŶûⰡ
ңϻ
㡪
Ѿɿܻķ䡣
ô, ĵһ죡µĲ, ࡣ
ûһ, һѵĶӷܳ
շܻȥ, һѶ, еĶʩʶ, еû
Էһһؽͣ
ǵõġż, ʶİɣ̶ġڹ֣ǲ, СͲ߻ЩġҹյıƷѾܾûõĹƬˡԡ
Է, ûϵġ
ˣع⣬ֻһӰ, ʩȫԽܡ
ֻҪģԸġ
ʲôԡ
, Կ˰Էҧҧ촽, ٴȷϡ
ʲŻú紵е, ڴ˿̣ûио, ֻûȹġ
ҵҪ飬Ի
豸ƵĹʩ
еۣԷæͣǸ̫ûˣ㣬е
ʩҡҡͷ˵ûйϵ
Ҫʲô𣿡
ʲôƣ
Էʱû뵽
ͷڵҹյĲԷֹع⡣ղžܶ£Է΢΢
ڲȴõúȡ
һӰʦ˵ſſԶţվȣһҪõȡ
ĳõƬĹؼ
áԷջǰʵġ
ͱһӡ
ϽЦ
ҪǿԵĻɲתӣ泯󺣣ҡԷ̧ͷǰ˵
ʩϡ
ûġ
ת
ӭ
ͷԷ΢΢ţָٰ¿ż
ҹģʽżʱ䲻̡̫򽫻ع⡣Էÿζ󣬾ͻٲ׽ͷĻ档
̶̼ӣԷ׽üľͷ
ʩһֱҲûʲôָôվţվе顣תӣûУҪ
ջͷԷܺã𶯣ͷ
ŵʩһҶ
ѹš
Է󣬾Ϳʼذˣָ˵ЦһЦ߲ЦҲУȻһ㣬岻Ҫ̫Ӳˡ
á
ŲһЩҲУСͷһЩԣ
ܺãƣ
ͷҲ΢̧һˣЦҲС

-
˿Сʱ¡
ԷĸӣؿЩò˵ģָʩûط䡣
˿
̬̹Ȼš
˷䣬¶ֱԸǰ
شȡ濨ƬһͼƵƬһ̣ΪһӰʦɵĿͼɡ
ˣԻȥˡʩհ豸£͵õ
ǰɡ
ˣ
һôûе𣿣
ʩ˶ɵˡ
ǰСʱĺ磬촵ˣ
ʲôûУֱ˵
ίҪˣ
Էȫûע⵽óĴ濨˵Ȼ˶ꡣ㿪ļУ׼ͼ
㲻ȥ𣿺ˡûҪߵ˼Ե̧ͷһۣɻ
ҡھֱӻȥȻ֪ʵʩԽܡ
Ȼأ
Էؿ
ʩ
ʵǸ߰
˾ֱӶˡ
顣
ʩоԼһȫȫĹ˰ˡ
ľһˣ
һίվſڣҲǣҲǡ
ܣߵĻ˼Ҷˣǲˣ
ԷֻոĵƬ̫뿴Լͷֵôˡ
ȥÿһΣƬģٶеĲ鲻Ը뷨һΣġ
ԼҪԵġ
Ǳ˸Ӧôġ
ԼҪԣԼԵġ
ԣ
еڴ
ڴԼĸı䣬Լʼµ
ĵ㿪ˢ£Էס˺
ĪЩš
Ƭ˲䣬վſڵʩ̲סˣһ䣺Է
Ĳ
Է̧ͷվſһģżˢ³Ƭ˼ȷʵֲ
ֻܵǰż⣬һȦסĲӣȻ촽صһǡ
һǳɡ
׼ȷ
ûƫˣǶˡ
ʱ̫ˣ
֪ʲôζ
ˣһίҪȥæˡòá

ʩ˵ð
Ȼȥˡί󿪿ڣԷǲǻһ¡
˭֪˼ֱӾܾԣòඡ

˵꣬գ׼ˡ
αʩץסˡ

Էû뵽ץס
һ롪
Ȧססĺף׼촽ݺݵȥ˲һᣬֱ˴˿ʼ
ɿ
ؿڣ˯
Էϣ֪ģ
˵ܰҹ
Էͷõģ
Ҫ˵ϣ㣬ûڣȥա
ʩ
Сҵ̫ǿô졣
ȥɡ
ʩͰѾˡ
ֻȥ
ַ֮ˡ
ҾͲͰشһԡ֮ķΧȥô˯Ű
Է޿κε˵ǽ㣬ĻҸû취רͼ
Ǻðɡ
û취ˡ
ԷЦЦһġ롣
ʩ͵̧ͷ
ԭ֪ԼҪ˵ʲô
ʩ΢΢˹ǡ
-
賿㡣
Էû˯
һǰ״̬ҹձȰҪѵö࣬ûع⣬Ǳⲻ˵ġ
мƬԡ
ƵѡԷе飬Լ󣬲⡣
˯ǰʩģ
ÿ
ȵŮζˡ
ϲˡ
æӣһ˯ˡ
Ҫˣһ˯϶İ
Ҫ취ʩůѡ

ôţԷúҸ
š
-
ʩһ϶ûô˯á
賿㣬յԷƬ
Ƭδʩ졣
䣬ֻڿǰ˲䣬Ŀ͵ġ
ΪǰվĶˡ
紵ҵĴֹͷ
ʵѾܶûĹƬˡ
СʱΪģúãǶŮǱĸֳȥݡ
˵úÿ˵Ҫǵġ
û¾Ͱֻģ֮ޣôʵ
ǡ
ԷĵƬΪʵʹС
ԼҲû뵽ԷᰮӰʼԭȻΪ



66 
ԷԼĵʩƬ, Ⱥģôܺÿɣĵģ
ҳĪԹϵһ, Ȼظ, ÿһϢ, Ů𣿡
ŮѡֵʱԷֶһ£æͣʩϰ尡
ѵǶ
һ̾ԱʾԼס
ô᲻֪ء
žԷЦġ
ǰ, Է㻹ûи㶨ʩϰ尡㶼׷ˡ˵ˮ¥̨, ٶȲа
ĪȤ
Է
ǰ׷, ˼ʩϰ, ﻹб
ڻծʮ
ˡ
Щ, Ƕ֪
ԷҲ˵, ҪȻ֪ҲôġǷµѾˡ
ȸҵڶ˵, ׬ǮҪˡ飬ʱȥ롣
ĪԷ, ˵ȳɼҺҵ˵, ʩϰˣɾ޵ϰι
ҪŬͷܶʲô
ֱԼϰ

ֻҪӴʲô롣
Էûҽӻ, ״̬ոպ˵㣬ʱҲһȥ롣
ûһ, ˲ż, ץסصĪ㲻һ
ܼԷˣĵĺܺÿ
ǰıҵ, Ǽա֣˵Ƭ, Ǻ߷羰ӶࡣеƬֻаͷ
ǱӰǲ
ûһűȽܿ
Ҳ⣬һʼıͲǺȥյġ
Ȼɣʵֻһеһͷˡ
Σ
Ĳһ
֮ǰǼ˵ƬʱܸоʲôֻЩǣǿΡ
ĳʩϰһ档
ִӹ͸УԼԼʡںߵķΧȫչֳˡ
ǵĿ佱ԷȻܡ
ҲĵúܺÿôԼĵõġ
ƬеϣƬ
úһ̣֪Լĵǵ˵ķ͸һط¡
ʼ̹ϵؽÿʱڵԼ
-
ԷʩƬȥǰ̨ӡʱǰ̨ӿƬһϢԷĵĵϰ𣿣
Էһ򶨣ǰôˣ
ĵúúÿ
Ҳļźòã
ǰ̨ͻ飬Էһ˰벽ڨЦ˵ʵ̫óġ
ǰ̨ӲǺ졣
Ȼһʱˣʵ˽̸ĲǺܶࡣ
Է̫ˣĵһ죬ʹ̽ʩĹϵ
ҲǺԷΪʲôʲôϵԭΪڱʱ֪ӦҪôش
sǺ飬ʱԷоԼмܲסǵ顣
ǰ̨ûԷίֺܾǺǵû£ľУ
ʱǵðҵƬƬŶ
ǰ̨Ӻлÿ춼ữžµױݡ
˵ʶĸǮˣܳġ˵°ʱ档
͸¶ȱ׷Ȼֻһǰ̨ĹİЬӶơ
ǵ㹤ʣô
Ѳ˶롣
ԷϾԼͬһˣӦ治һȥġһֱû˵
ټϾƹиԱС磬ͦ˼ġ
ȴװźͿÿζ˼ĵȻ죬תͷֻ˵ͦġҲѵġ
Щϸϸ飬ƽﶼ˵̸
ȻƽദǢżҲ̸ģÿ˶Լߵĵ㣬Թ䡣
ԷöˣԼʵȷʵˣͻ᱾ܵų⡣
ҲȷĳƬôĺԡ
ԷҺ֮ǰںƬˡпվͰ£ȥȦ
Է
мܡ
Ҳܱ֤ĵúܺÿġϾʩΪ˾֪ô
ǰ̨Ӳ˵ûѽpͼѽ˭Ƭԭͼء
Ȼһˡ
Էٴο϶
-
ʩԷƲ֣̽ôˡ
Ҳûʲô顣Է֪ӦҪôȥݣϾʶˣҲ˵
۵ˣ
ǡ
Ƕˣ
Ҳǡ
ʩ²ˡ
һᣬԷſڣѽ˵ˡ
ҪǲĵĻԾܾʩܹϵ˵ǸˣǺõģʲôҲͦ׵ġʱе㰮Ľٰɡ
Էû˵
ʩ˵ܸļͥйϵͲö˵ˡ㿴ԼԼû취ܣֱӾܾ
Ҳ˵ܽܰɡ
Ǿòһˣ治һȥܡ
۲һ
ʩΪѣĵظԷҪ֪粢ǷǺڼ׵ġԣҪͬ˳СԽܵģǾͼܽܵľ͹ϾܾûҪһҪôġ𣿡
Էͷ
̫ˡ
ʩᱧ˱˵ÿ˶ԼѴԼԼߡ㿴ӣҲǸӵء
˶ϣԼԿԼҪġ
ҲϣԼչֳҪģÿ˶һҲһ
籾ǶԵġ
šԷͷļϣ¡
-
ԷԼ״̬ͺǰ̨˵ա
𣡡ƺܾȡ
Էһ˵Ȼ˰ҲǴӦ𣿡
һӦ˱˵Ҫˡ
Ӳʳԡ
õģһ£ȥ·
Է
ȻŮյʽвɻȱ
ȴĹУԷ
ֻͼʼĺ֮Ĺͼ
֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ÿζֻĴ󺣡
˷ڴȻ˵ʵóܰʩĵôÿһΪúÿһԭǣڼ˲ͬС
˲ĬΪҪ
ϣɲұ֤
ΰæԷĵҲûе׵ġ
ȻӦ˱˵飬Ҳܡ
֪ǵһǵ˶ãԷƬ˺üˡٴ̾˿׼һʱʱǰ̨ӻˡ
һźܹ·
Ҳذ׸ˡ
ϵױԽľ£ںҲĨȳơ
ǾĴġ
ò˵ÿġ
Ǿ鷳մӰʦͷԺóԵġ
ԷЦЦû˵
ǾͿʼɡ
ã
-
Ĺ̲Ǻ˳Է֪Ӧôͨ
ǰ̨һԼ뷨ˣû취Էȥơ
ԷýĶȻʮܡ
ԷͲϲ˹ͨػصҲˡʼЩͷ
㵽ҪҪġԷЩ˵
Ͳһ𣿣
ǰƺûоŭļЦҾͦõѽƽնĵġ˶ҵܶء
Է
ˡ


67 
ϴΰʩ, Сʱ͸㶨ˣȴ˺óʱ䶼ûи㶨ԷоԼҲĵòˡ
ǰ̨ȴ
һֱڸԷԷ˵, ҲƵ, ˹ͨϰ
ԷоԼȥ, ˻ըġ
ĵɣҾòˡԷоʣͣ
ǰ̨֣, ƽһرϲֵŮӡ
ʲô˶, Ǹֱӡʲô˵ʲô, Ȼδ, ûĹ, ĺ˰صػ·, ȫױٶļ£
Էˡ
ѰĵƬȲ˵ĵĺÿÿ, ˵Ͳһ
Էƫ򵥺ȻҲио
֣Ȼǡ
Щ, Է̫ϲ
ĵͦ, ѡ˼ʱͣ
ҲˡԷҲû뵽Լôֱӣˣ;ϵˡɲȥǿԼ
֣ϵЦݽ˽, еΡ
˵ֲ˵Ц, ˸ԲҲеˡ
Ҳ㲻ǲɢɡ
ԷصԼķ, ֣ǰ̨ķߡ
-
ʩ, æˡ
޺;ƹϲſʼæģҲá԰ȥæ湤ҵ, ϲŻޡ
ԷԼĿǣĳһõƬĩ˵һԪڵÿ͡
еûﱻʹʹȥ
ԷӸǰһ
۵붯
ƢѸġʶϲϲˣôû취ദ
Ȼ֪ƢԵ϶С
ѧʱƢԣ˭ţϲ˾ǰġûʱȥάϵİĹϵ԰ϵͬѧǺ˽⡣
֪ƯʱޣѽÿǺÿƢ̫ˡߡо˭롣
ֻкϦദǲ֪ʵ
ԷоҶúܿ֡ʲô˼ǵġ
Һúܺӡ
ʲôҲûҲûֳǵӡ
ϰ߶ԷѾ򿪵飬󣬾ôҶůҲоԼøá󣬺һж˻صԭ㡣
ֻʩʱϲŻ¶Цݡ
ʩڵʱһš
Ҷæû˻ʩע⵽
ԷҲ֪Ӧôȥʩ˵飬һȥԹڱ۱˵ˡ
ң飬ҲûжԴ
ֻϵû취ദˡ
һܺʩŲ˲ԡ
ʱԷռƬزѾۻòˡֻҪеƵƬãʱİͿˡ
ʩԼҲæҪæĹҵ飬ϻޣƹݵҲܶࡣЩϹ˿ͣרΪʩġٲ
ʱʩæ꣬Է˯ˡ
ÿ˶ԼҪæ顣
Էϰį
㹻ʱȥҪõ顣
ڻûгϰ˵Ƭʱȥ׽Ȼãرϲߵճ䡣֮Զĵ
ʩ˵Ҳһϣ
޵ý˺ʱһֱԷӪ֮ǰһ鶼֣ģߣʩҪǲڵĻܲࡣ
п˷ˣͰŰȥɨ䡣
ʲôҲʩ㱨ġʩڣӴҲʱʩҲȥʶһЩϰͿͻΪ飬Ҳ˵
ȦҲȱǮˡ
ԼĹҲᣬרûټˡݵһʱ䣬ҽҵǱȽ˽ġԼϣ˲Ǯġ
ĿǳᣬҸǮ˼ˡ
Щ꣬˵ʶ˲Ǯˣ˶ѡеϰ΢ֱ۵ġ
˵Ǯųȥһˡ
׷ǲ٣ûһġ
ֺܣڨĸоϲЩΪ˵õʹӡ
ֻЩԷ˵⡣˿Ȥ
վȺʲôȻЩ˾ͻǰͺ̵سӿȥƢܲЩһ۵ģЩȴͲð۾ϡ
ΪƯ޲ðѷͿȴյȥŸʲôҲ˵ͿԵõ˵Ĺע
ôϵؾܾˡ
ƺֺκˡ
֣Ľİɡ
ѧֵһʲôΪʩϰ塣
ô߸ϣ׾ٵؾͿԻô󲿷˿ԻõĶʩʱԴԼﻰ˵˳
Щʲôϵءʩһ
̫æˣûҵ
֪ʲôʱʼڱԷǸʲôͷһ޵ʱ;ò̫Ծˡڶôʱ䣬Ҳûʲô԰ס˵ʩϰ廹Ҫʡ
ʲô
˵ʻͦߵģÿøҲ֪ĳЩʲô޵Ҳûĵжð
ûʲôص㡣
֮ǰĵء
ЩʩĶѹŭ˭⴫߰Ļģ
⻰ԷҲǺڲۡ
Ҳûкʩ˵
Ķ࣬Ǯõ٣Ȼвá
ΪǸɵĻ˭˭ҲϺԱ˽ǲ׼۹ʵģÿ˵ĹʶһеҪ籣еĲеĻ٣еȫڣеĻᷢеľûС
ÿԱĹʶһ
ΪҶϤˣҺóһʱûµԱԷ¼ס
һʼΪʩϰѣСסһʱ䣬ܿͻߵġ˵ʲôģֲʲô
Ȼ˽¿ʼˡ
ʵҲģԷһ׶ˡ
ޣܴһԭΪԼԭͥΪԭͥѾʩ˺ܶ鷳ˡ
ϲ˵һֱš
ʩȻ£Ҳ֪һ죬иõĵطȥҲŵġ
Ե֪ԷΪҵ۶ʱر
Ҫȫˣ᲻˵ˣô˵
ʩķʣ֣ҲеģԷ飬ǰġԼûڲҪȫȨƽҪɫҪǣԷȫһ
˵ĵøûʲô˼
һͷûС
ʲô
֣ԼĲ
Ҳһ˵˼ǴҶôõġ
ʩҲˣȻ֪壬ҲܲµóѲġÿ˶һ档
˭뷢ⷢ
˵Ǵҡ
ҿԺֱӵظ㣬ԷʲôҲⶼӦҪĵ飡
ʩ˵
֣͵̧ͷΪʲô
Ҫ
ʩúܣشǿЦ⡣
ˣӦġϣ֪㡣߲Ĺ˾ҲϣķΧİɡϾҲԱˣʩѻ˵̫
ǡ
ûʲôÿǵġʱҵſˡ
Է֪ʲôʱվſڣɫ԰ף㣬֣һһٵ˵
ģһĳôҶƬġƬҲǣ


68 
, ԷսʽķӦҲԼû뵽ġ˿һֱһ, ܱ˵ʲô, Ǹӵ, ҾͲġ
˵
ֻԼ֪˵⣬ʵǺġֻ˵
Լš
ΪӺͶ, ͻȥġ
ԼΪ, Լһ˿ˡֱſϳ, ʵġ
ʲô, Ϊʲôȥͱ˹ͨ, Ϊʲô
ͼøĸȥ, ȥƴŬͼȥõĸϿء
ֻԼһֱֱ档
, Ȼ֪ڣѡȥ, ֱӭս
ȻҶûĳʲôõƬ, ʲô鶼û
ҲҪȥʲô
ĳõƬʵǿͿˣǴҪġ˵ٶֻ࣬Ȼ
ᵽݱ, Ȼֱܰӵԭ֣ϣȷʵҲΪ¶ˡ
ΪԷĵ, ˵н֮ǰ, ˵ֱ׵, Ǿ˼ҵķ롣Ӫý˺ŵ飬ǲǲúĽ, Ҳˣ
Ӧò֣ġ
ղһͷ
һ˹Էͷˡ
ʵԭΪһӦ
Ͼһѧֵ翴Ůʲôչǰأ
ȴһǳҪʵǾʩһˡ翴ѧֵŮ
ŮӦиõķչġ
˵ϱƣǼѧȥ顣
ޣʲôõķչأ
֣˵ЩʱԷʩĬˡ˶Կһۣղ
˵ƽ𣿡֣һᣬԷ
Ȼ֣˵ƬĵúɫӶ࿴۵ʱ򣬾ͻֲᷢĵƬϵİס
洦ɼͼձƵİ
ԼİһͺĻˮƽһ䣬һƴġ
Լ⡣
֣֪ԼĻˮƽߣƽҲô飬˵ʲô̫ҲûʲôԶ롣ΪŮһ㣬ﻹи硣
еõĶ˸磬Сʱ紩·ר֮ǰһֱŵĶкӵĶ̷Ϊô
ĸҲ׼ױÿ·ѧȻҲ׼̸
ֻҪĸ֣ٲһᡣ
ĸû磬ʱ򣬰˲ᡣ
רҵ֣ԼʸĸҪǮöر˶ڵۡٱ˵㴩ÿ溮ᰡΪһŮӣôкһôģ
ʡ
ÿվڵµƸߵ㣬ȥкָ
ûʲôΪʲôҪȥ˵
Ϊʲô˭˵
ʲô
ھö֣ʼ
ٱԣҲԼôҪΪһǮˣԼ϶ǲеġԼĿ꣬ԼƣҸǮ˼ˡ
Ϊ̫̫
ҪôͼúÿҪȻֱӵľǮòȥмˡ
ͼǮõġ
Ҳݵġ
ֻ֣ΪһͨŮûʲôرơ
뷨ֻὫסǱƭǮ֮ǮˣΪǻ㣬ǾûаѸڵһλͼ飬ǲŻḶж
ûУеһУǷ곡Ϸ
˭Ը¼ݣ
˭ŵԣҵԼͼģ
Ǯ˼ҵ̫̫Ҳôõġ
֣ҲܴˣԷֺ˵̬Ż
ʲôһվͿкܶ˵ĹעĳϡҲʲô˵˾Ͷõӡ
֣ʹŴƬһ㣬ô᲻Ľء
ô˵Ĳƽأ
ôȫ˱˵ϡ
ԼȴʲôûС
ʵʱԷҲúί
ЩֺùȥŬûȥԹΪʲôԼ
ԷûκȥʵԼֵ
ȥԹκΡ
ֱڣãܽûκβʹһһԼȰҪ飬;ֵõġ
ܸʩط꣬Ҳġ
һʱҲ᲻ͽǣԼסϾڵʲôûС
ҲһȥѰԼ͵
Ҳ֪ôŬ޷ΪˡĵԴģⱲʲôɻӵеúܶࡣ
Ҫôƽأ
ôȥͱ˱أ
˺˱ȰҪ˵ġ
ʲôԵĹƽôˣѵ𣿡Էһһٺƽ͵˵
Է˵ǰ֣ʱȣĽٵ˵ѡԶ롣ΪöԷһˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
籾ͲǺڰ׷ģÿʵԡÿ˶һ͸ûƬͬҶһ
ӦٶԺĵġ
б˵Ĳ㣬ԼκһЩḸĸȶһԲϾܻԼΪˡ
ʱһЩǽܲ˵ʱƢ͸ĸƢʱһģһġ
ԽǲΪˣǱĬУԼͳΪˡ
Էǳʹࡣ
ǰķʽǻرܺӱܡ
ֻҪȥӴ˾ͿˣͿԲúദȥǵ뷨Ҳᱻ˺
ֱʩطʶܸκ⡣û˻ʱע⵽С˵飬˶Բµõġ
ñ˲µ飬˫ۡ
Էıˡ
ôŤ
űСԼԿסԼ
ϣƽ͵ȥߵദ
Ҳĳ֣ԷʶΪ⣬ŻʩôҲΪԼҪܸߣΧˣ԰ѿص顣
֣ƣϲӦðϲշʽԸȥ顣
ǡ
ÿϲĶôܻһء
֣սҪҲһҪõ˵ϿɡԼı䡣
һԼúķʽ
˵ǰ̫ڵˡڣ̹ȻȥһЩ¡ʵԼĵԼΪһͨˡƽ͵ȥΧദ
ʩһ
˲ԵĹ˿ͣҲ㹻˶Էӡ
´λ⣬Ҿָˣλǳӡ
ѵҲһεϿ
ԷʼʶԼҪҪãһǳҪ
ǾȶԱҪϿɡ
֣ȻϰĽ٣ܶϸϵ飬رáҲϸġ
ԷüûԷȥѵʩ
ȻϲǮˣӲΪǮ̵ֽҡǺҪҸǮ˼ˣֱڣҲûС
Է֪Щ󣬿ʼıԼĵ뷨
Ӧȥ˽һߵȥ¶۵ģһΣٰһƬ

׿ڴҪΪӣԼϲķʽչֳһΣҲһúġвС



69 
ԷͶԷϲرԼĵ뷨, ֣Ĭá뿪
ԷҲû취϶ܲýȥԼĽ뷨Ͼ˶û취ͨ
ԷҲûбܴϣԼġ
Ѿʾ, ܳϿҵرԼĵ뷨ܲýȥ, ǲǻı, Ҳȷ
ȷֻԼ뷨
ҲӦòĵ飬ÿֻҪܺԼĸıͿˡ
֣ٴγԷǰʱԷȫϲ
ǳʽ򵥵ױ, ϲǰ, ͿĨźķ, 򵥵ü, 촽׺, ûյļЦ
һѰȴֺܵ, ˵
ұͲǺϲЦģΪ˵Цÿ, ҾƴЦһֱЦ
˲ŻϲԼ, ŻעԼ
ҲǺϲЩ·, Ϊ˵˻˵ÿΪԼҲϲ, ΪԼʺϡ
ǡ
޷ƥ䡣
źܱŤ
СʱҼҵС, ͵˵ĸ߸Ьһ, šΪ˴ܺÿ, Լ
ϵʱʵһ㶼ʺԼ
ȴΪ˵Ŀ佱, һֱǿԼȥܡҲû˸߹ʵÿ
ΪǼֻԼҪġ
ԶЩģȫĬû
ֱ˿̣֣Լǰرʵ·ʱȻȻ۹˫ε֣˺þá
ΪҪӣΪôҿ̫
Լϲĵʲô
ƯİԷ佱
ĵģֺúͷܣŮŮ֣۾رÿϲŨױ˫۾Ĩ˿ŵӰſŵĽë
ڱ˲ϸ۾ᡣ
֣Ҳû뵽Էôֱӵؿͷܲ˼˵ûлױͺܼ򵥵Ĵ˸ףȻüëĨ˸ں졣
ܺÿġ
Էٴο϶
ϲİɡ
ΪСûӵйʲôϲԶǼ򵥡
򵥲ġ
֣ͷ
ҲűȻգҲ̫ҪЦԲЦ𣿡
ȻԲЦ
˭˵һҪЦģ
ЦЦЦͲЦ
ԶҪǿԼһҪѰʺԼʽ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ìִܵﶥʱ˶Ϊֵòɿɳ黥ˣȻؿԷ
ԷҲεսģΪѾĵ׿ʼζԷԷҲȡ
һվ˶Եϡ
-
յĹ̷ǳ˳Է⡣
ԼƢԣԼĵ飬̫ͨ⡣
ֻЩԸ飬úܲͷ
սʱ֣ٴκԷл⡣
˵лл㰡Է
ôһ˺ؽҲôһûԼȥЦҲ֪ĳƬ᲻ÿûйϵ
ЩҪ
ҪǣʼԼƽͨ
ԼϵĲԼûӵеĶ
ˣҪҪƬԷʡ
֣ҡҡͷˣŪˣٸҿҲһԱȵһ˺ʱԷÿһ¿ţ޲ȥĳƬȲԷûĵĺÿ
ڣǳԷ
ͷβû˵ҪһƬ
ԷʱҲûҪ˼
á
޺úٷ㡣
š
-
Ƿǳһκ
ºԷüɫغʩ˵֣յʱǶôĺġ
Ҹ˵ŶģҾ֣Цʱر־ģ֮ǰЦú֣ûʲôɫЦʱ˵ͳˡ
˺ܶЦƬҲ֪ⲻ⣬ͦġ
Һظоˣþͷȥ׽˵ָоˡ
˶жԵġ
۾ģ;ͷоģһֱԵĸоҲһ
ԷȥʩԼܵĲһ
ʩһˮʾ˵ż
ܽǶεգ˾ú⡣лĻӦûٳԵġ
ʩ֮ǰǻ²˼̫ʵôôڣţ
ѽԼ֮ǰ²ۣԷЩ˼ֻǾ֮ǰЦʱе٣òáֲʲô˼
Ǿڶ˼Һඡ
Էÿɷ
Ҳаɡ
ǿԹͨģԷ֣ʵֳԼĽкܶ׷ӣΪС˺ԣûдڸСϼͥͨҪĺܶණûеõ
ԹеԱ
Ϊȱ
ŻƴҪõ˵Ͽɡ
֮ǽˣ
Էһˮʸڷϣʲôѽ֮ôأ
ʩ
Ҳ֪˭֮ǰֵôɿ
ûˡ
ҲûаɡԷƮ
Ϲȥ顣
Ȼ֮ǰû̹ʱɣ֮еᡣ᲻ǽ⿪ˣʲôġ
ң˼ûжʲô˺顣
ֻĽѡ
š
ܿģ֣ʼ̹ϵԼٻڱ˵
-
֣ʼŽܾƹǸԱС׷ˡʱԷʾãҲܻͷе
ҲŻӦԷ
Ȼô꣬ʵһǮҲûÿ¶¹⡣
еʱ򻹻ᳬѣԭΪԼ޷ܵһЩ
Խоʹ࣬Խȥ֤ʲô
Խ֤ԽԼ˭ԽԼ˭ͻԽǣԽʵ
ʱΪߵĳˣĳ飬˾ͻ
Էĳ֣ѹ֣ϵһݡڵµһ̷ɡ
ΪԭѹϵģЩĶ
ЩԭԼϵĶҲɡ
ֱ֣ڣŸоԼʻġ
ȥôûʲôԼ뷨
Сʱĸ˵㣬˱˵㡣
ΪҪõһ佱ϿɣƴȥЦ
Щνİ֣ϵЦȻ˺ܶ࣬Ƿĵظо֡
㹻ˡ
-
֣ƬԷûôޡ
Ǻʵӡ
Ҳ֣ԼҪġ
̫ûмԼΪʵˡ
Ƭ죬֣ͷȦʧˡ˹ȥȦܶ಻ԼҪȦ̬Ҳ˺ܶں˵ˡ
һ̡
оޱɡ
Է˵лл
һ̣ҸоϵĿ֡ĵģΪκˡ
˵
Էĵظһޡ
ԷȦϲˡʱȥ˵Ȧ
鷳
ԴӼʩſʼע
ʩĶ̬Ҳֵ࣬ǣˣԷҲἱȥޡ
ʮȣڸϲĬĬע
ʮ꣬Ҳôصõ˵Ͽɡƴȥֺļˣ÷ǳ˵ķʽ
ѭ򽥽ع
ҲЩĹϵ
ʮԼծġ
ȻҲ֪ʲôʱܰЩǮ׬˿ɵġ
֪ʲôʱʼ
ҲãֻҪǮ⣬Ƕˡ
ںܾǰ
ûôá
Է⡣
һƬҹɫ
תͷʩЦЦ˵һֱҵģ԰ɡ


70 
ҵȻһֱ, κʱҶޱ㡣ֱΪԼҪΪӣΪκˡֻΪԼԼϲ, ԸӡҪġ
ҲܿԼһֱ, һֱҪֱκʱ򶼱ҪšҪİɡÿ˶ԱҪҪ
ʩĿ͵ؿ˵
Է˲, ¶١
ÿرûаȫеʱеᣬȫԼ֪ܹȥ˶, ʩ˵Щ, ԶǵġΪǷܴԼǰķ
, ÿÿ뵽ʱ, ӯһǿ˱, еͰ
̻ʲôǰ, ʲôǳΪõԼԼҵĵη塣
ҲԼ, ѡһˣȥһ, Ǻܱܻᷢһ顣
İ, ԶϣǸ˹úá
ʱԷûǸ˵Ķ𣿡
ʩ֣µظʲôʱƭء
Բκһ, ҡԶϣøáҲԶߣֱΪԼ, ΪҪΪˡԶΪԼ, ĵ, ΪˣΪԼȫΪԼΪˡϣΪӡΪκˡ
ҪԶԼֵõġ
ֵñ, ֵñ˶õġ
ԷоԼĵӿֳһ
ǹΪκˣΪԼ
ΪԼҪãΪԼԼֵá
-
µһ꼴ԷΪƬزƵ϶ռˡزƵȫ˵ԡʵѣɾôſ⡣
ϵļģܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
ԷЩǧƪһɵ֡
ԼԭԼԼİһң졣
ԷҪλԼķ
ԭ
ֻſԿģģԸܵС
ô࣬Ϊʲôѡأ
ʩͨ
һֱûǣѧʱʩǶôۡڴѧʱ򣬾һֱֶӵ
д裬ᳪ裬
˵ѣҪһĽ㣡ұ濴оУֻҪӴ󣬾ͻֻ֣ᷢһˡ
ķ˭ܲ
Էʮ꣬һ۾϶
ʩѵңΪúÿ
Է
ҲŲôһǳأ
Ŷ
㡣
죬Էȥʩ˵µʱüͷ΢ƺȽѰ졣
ŪԷȽΪѵӣ̽Եʡ
ʩҲͦģȻ뵽˵ŪǸֶӣѾɢܾˡңҲѾܾûȥ¼¼Ƹˡ
ԡ
ǷȰͳ嶯ƺ󶼻ع鵽
żʱ´һ磬𳾰
Ȧܶǰ־ͬϵǣڶҵȶĹΪͲǸרҵֻҵమá
ҵమã׬ܶǮʱĳˮͬʱӿ˹˶ѡ
Ϊϲˣǡ
ΪֻԼʹࡣ
ʩԼǺϲд質裬ԼΪǵ츳ǸȦȫֵһᡣ
ֶˣڻ϶ɼˡ
ÿ˶ΪڱȦɹĶ̬ʼ˹飬ٵСء
ʱѡ
ԳҹȺѾܾúܾãûһСĸôɡ
ֻĸƹȥݳҪʲôĸ赥
ʩ⼸ù¶ΪҲûʲô˵˵ﻰˡ
⣬ԷȻǵãȰ
ôܻ
ʱסֿܶ˵ԼȰ˵ڴѾһֶֻӵʱԷԼ۾˹⡣
κ˶޷ϲ
֮һֱ˵ȥݳᡣ
ʩʱ򻹻˵ݳ
ݳǸôܻĵ
Էһ˵ôΪʲô
ʩ
Сѿ밡
ͺñһûоκָߣΪдʲô;Լŵѧһ
ңɼ
һΡ
עЦΡ
Ȳ˵ˣ⿿ܶϲһ㣬ѡ
ʩӲȥЩ飬Էȴпյȥ룬ҲǶôʵʡ
ҲܣҾǾԳɹġҲᱻܶϲģ
Ҫң
Һѵȥһ˵ġ
Էûʶʼʼģһֱ
ʲôЦ⣬
Զţԡ
ֱҲǡ
ԼҪվкܶ˵̨ϣԼԭԹϯϹ⡣
ϲֶӵķ˿˵ٴټ
´ټ
ǡ
ҵ֮Ҳûмˡ
ֶӽɢʩעԼ֮ǰù˺šֶӶɢˣҲûʲôġ
ңʱֶӣ׬Ǯsпޡ
ҪȥsУʱҲǺͼֵòɿѾĸͷûлؼҹˡ
sУĸضûС
ͬ⣬ܣ롣
ҪȥͶϾϵ
ʩЩߵĶһͷҲأֻһsСûκԴϻûǮ
֪Լ˺ֱײ
ڶûȥ롣
ʩ̫ãҲܲ
ĸڣСǾһֱץѧϰҲڡǰѧԹԹŮı׼ȥġû뵽СͷǡĸǮȥϰ࣬ãǮܵ˸¥ȥֿΡ
ôѵ
´λҡ
ֲִл·
ֻѧǴýģĸţרҵ󣬾ȥ̨ҲڣҲǰȡ
˭֪ҵֱҶأʲôҪˣֱˣ
Ѫģֱ˵ϾϵĻ
ʩƢҲ񣬵˵뿪ûе͹ͷÿ굽ʱ򣬾ǵпһǮ
øĸ֪š
˾ǵȥsС
ȻЭ̲ͨǾͲǿǿԽܣֱ֪ͨǾͿˡ
ô࣬ʹֻԼ
ʩںܶǰѾˣԷͼ˳ͻʱͬܡ
Ϊ߹·
ʱûκˣֻԼ
̫־ĸоˡ
ʩƽ˼Ӻ󣬴Ѿǹȥ˺ܾõˡ
õھƹݵ̨ϳʱ򣬷ԼҲҲļ¶
Ժĺܳһʱ䣬ûٵ̨衣
ĵָоˡ
Բ粻
ȻƹݻһԭΪԼȰڣҲƣˡ
Ϊ׬ǮҲҪȥ顣
˸ȰƺҲһ㱻ĥȥ
ʲôϵأ
ʱֻصԷʮ꣬Źʩ˵ûйϵģβУҾһΣһβУǾһΣ
ʩ̧ͷ
۾Īʪˡ
ǾԿò
Ҫ㣬ҲһΡ
𣿡


71 
ʵʩԼҪ, Ǵʲôʱʼزٿʼ̨ݳˡҲ̫ǵãжûдԼĸˡ
ȥǱйøһЩ
ҵ, æ׬Ǯ, ÿ춼ҪͲͬ˴򽻵, û취ĺ͵ִȰϲ
ԵԷдͳʱɲǼȻо㱡
һʱǲ̫, һʲôĸоˡ
Է, ǲ, Ҳǲ
ǹȥЩȰ, ںǱĬ, ʼ, ʱֻĸо
ҿһ°ɡʩûдӦ, Ҳûоܾ
ԷûвȥǿѡĴ𰸣áȻӦ, ȥǿ
ҲԷڵһı, ԱȹȥһҪӦԼҪڸ˼
-
ʩ˵ֶӵ΢Ⱥһδҵ¼һΡ
ȥʱ, Ⱥ﷢˾֡
ʩæͷת򣬿Ϣʱ, ͹ȥ˺ܾáҶæ, Եػظһ, ǿظˡ
Ѿû˻Ⱥ˵ֶӵˡ
ÿ˶Լ, ԼҪæ顣ʩ⼸꣬Ϊ˴ҵѾ˺ܶȥֵһЩ顣
һֶӣ»ʩء
д裬ҲټĸһֻԭֶӡѧǷѧԺģ˹ǾùѧԺģѧԺģѧԺġ
ʱ˻ѧУ̳ʶء
ֶӳĵ˳ҹߣȫǽԺҪдܶԭҪȥؿѲչϲ
ҹӯ˷ܲѡ
ֱഺ޼ۡ
һΣôء
һĸо
ʩ֪
ȥʡ
ǵôҵʱ򣬼һѧУֵտ̯ϣҳĬá
֪Ҫ˵Щʲô
ֲòҪ˵Щʲô
ߣ˵ףֻƵƵٱ
ֱеĵƶ¡
˵˾䣬߰ɡȥɡ
һΡ
һΡ
ôأ
ǰԼ¼ƵֿܾûģڹȥԼ
ʩۣ۽ʪ
ƽƺΪйöѤΣò̫һΪйļ֣ߵҹʱоԼ˵ġ
һ
ʩַһ顣
˺ܾǰдĸʣռǱ뿪ĪsеʱЩд˸ʺµռǱļк;ꡣ
ͼһЩ׵ĺۼ
翪ʼº͵֤
̫Լˡ
̫ҵŮԶеˡ
ԼһҵǼ꣬ҲܿԼͦȥ
ֱڡ
ȻʶѾܾûкͱ˵𣬹ȥļֺˡ
ҪҪһΣ
ʩһηԼ
ǵֶӳĲãǵһνӵһݳȻΪѧУĻݳݳʱµĹΪźʱӿȥˣ˷ܲѡ
ŵ΢΢ȴַĵĸоġ
ܴȰ
һΰɡ
ʩó𰸡
ǺüûиµȦ̬ĵתһ̬ǰԼдһ׸衣
һɡ
λڣǻԡ
һ£һΣΣҲҪԿ
-
Ϊ̬ʩȦըˡ
һ̫ϲ̬ˣ㵱齨ֶӣҲûдsп޵ϰ壬ҲûиһֻԼ飬Ų۵ˡ
ڱ˵ĿҲûôҪ
ֻӰԼжϡ
κʱ򣬶ԶԼ鸺
ԵһˣȦת˹ԼĶ̬󣬵۶һֱûͣ

۶УľǱ
ʧ̫ˡ
Ҳȥάϵʲôϵκ飬ν̬ȡҲӲʲô
ͬѧݣ䵭Щ
ôġ
ֻϤ˲ֻ֪ǶԱ˵鲻ȤֻԼʲô
Է̬ʱޡ
ʱܶ꣬ٴĸ衣겻ôȥݳ
šŸĿ
ʮԷϲһ飬ǲ
ǺֻǾܿᣬǳ˼˸ɢţֻ
Ժ⼸꣬ԷһһӡȥѰԼĿܡ
Էۣģ
һõۡ
ر

ûҪ˵顣
ԷǴǰڣչֵ쾡¡
Ϣ̫࣬ʩӮ
Ҳû뵽Լ㷢һ̬Ȼôĺ䶯
ǸĬ˺þû˵Ⱥðݡ
˹棺ʩܣͻһɣʵû뵽
츽ͣӯʱᰡ
ֺ֣˵һȥഺ
Ҳðˣλֶӡ
ʩҶˣһʱȻ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôⳡɷ粨ǣġ
˾Ȼ֪Ҫôѻ
ҲܾûкĴ˵Ƕഺˡ
ֶĸһŮҪûرƯ
һֶӣ˵Ҳԭڵġ
ֻˣ˸ֺʱ״̬Ƚϻ㣬ʱѵ˵ʲô
찬ʩܣǱˮ
˵˿ɲ׼
ȥ˵뿪ϰ¶ҲǶ֪ġһҾƹݡ飬־ϵͬѶ
Ȼ֪ھôȷǣκ飬ǿġ
Ȼˣ϶ҪӦġ
ʩ˱¼
ȡһźܶǰֶӸճǻĵƬȺΪʩǺϲգֶӵճƬǺܶࡣƬֶӸճʱվſڼĵġ
Ͼۡ
֣ɱұഺѵ
ְ׻һ޵ı飬ţʱҲ̫˰ɣ
ʩһЦıþòװĻǡ
˵Ⱥһӱú֣һһ졣
ʩܣⲨ˯ˡ֣˵
ʩԷɵɣΪءǷѧϵĸ߲ûٸʩռ֪ʶ
ʩҲڡ
ֻʩӲΪ
ʩЦһⱾ£
װ

˵ʩܣǫˣһֱⱾ°
ʩһЦı
׻𣺡ǺþûˣʲôʱĪǾ۾۰
ʩأsء
׻ܼ

ԣ㵱˵ޣǿɹ˶԰ɣ
ʩظһıǵȻ˰κ£ļûɹѽ
һСƹݡ

ƹݣ
ʩأѽ
ЩҪ飬϶ˡ
̹Ȼسϡ
ʲôʱпյĻԹ档ʩԼ
һ
ʲôʱ򣡱˵´Σ´̫ңԶֱӶڰɣȶҶҪȥġ

ʱǻ֪ʩҪ飬ֱ˵ˣһСС󣬲֪ûȤ
ʲô


72 
Ҳûϵ, Ǽʱ俼ǣԣͺϵƽĻ, ҲûµİЩѾȥ, ҲһͿһġô
ʩ˵Լ뷨, Ⱥ˶Ĭˡ
ΪֻǼ򵥵ľһۣû뵽˼ʩϰǴġǼ򵥵ĺʹҳԶٷţơ
п, Ҫô, ǿһĸо, ʵҲġ⼸, һ˶ȹ, ͻȻĳ˲, ƺʶԼȥЩֺȰ, Ѿˡÿ춼æͷת򣬺׬Ǯ, ûʲôܴ, ԼĵĿ֡
ʩں߿Ϊ룬ԳΪԼаں, ޵ʵֺعͷ, ֺʧȥһЩ
Щ, ΪκֵȰ
ԷƺͼڰһЩܴһЩ, ʩû뵽ġ
ȺֳĬ˼졣
ʩΪ϶ûϷʱ, ȷԣǰѧԺ˶ԱؼҿԱûϾͿʦȥˣϼҵһʦ
׬ܶǮҲ
˵ͦԿģ⼸̫꣬ڰˡ
ԴϽʦƺ󣬼˱㿪ʼæҸ˽飬ԷҲڵʦ̶ʱ䣬ӽ鵽СѾأ˳һ׶Ρ
ʩ̨һϵ̡
Դӽ鿪ʼкͰ̸ˣʩȥַ˷ڳû̡
һһس顣
Ӳ֪Ϊʲôԭֿʼ̣ͨʶǱˡСѧʦ˹ʶߣȶÿκ󣬻صŻպ÷Լ֡
극ͻط䡣
ȫûʲôСҲڴ
ûʲôֵ̫ڴˡ
ܻ˸Ƕס
ʩ˵˺ܶ࣬˵ǰԼֻ߲ȱŮӣҲܶŮ֣ҪʱеһУƺԼˡ
ҲͼҪԼԭ򣬱翿ԼŬҶ
ǵΪһθ鸶ȫȴֶԷΪֻһʦʲ߶תͷ޸Ĵϰ塣ҲҸϲ˹һɷ֣ϲǸ
û취һЩˣİš
һ׶󣬼æ򳵣æϴ
ЩȰͱĥƽˡ
һ죬·һ꣬иСڴӹģſ˺ܾáڿʲô
졣
ֹ
Ҫ˵Щʲô˵
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
Ϊѧӹģӿѵ
ĸҲܲȥҲΪϲĻ̫ˣĸ·
ΪøҶ˶Ա֤飬ҲΪ˲ǮġΪȣԼȥǮû
⼸ҲĬࡣ
Ҳûǰ緢ˡ
û׬ǮþǶ׬Ǯ׬ǮҪóҡ
ʩ󣬳Ĭá
ԼûгɼңЩѹʱûС
׬Ǯһѹһֱ֪ġûǮ粽У˵ʵˣ֣֪ӦҪô˵
飬ΪѵĻǲҪˡʩ˵
ЦЦ
ǵһΣһ޹Ļؼңûµʱһ档ӿˡӸӣƢܲáԼһ˼رϸˡܶ飬Լ֪Ҫô
ϲ˵̡
˵ⲻУǲõģܹʲôϣҲ⡣֪ǲΪǵʼһǧ鹤ʡ
㻹˼Ǹ׬ǮйôְƣôôԼĹʣ
ʲôС𣿡
Ҳ𣿡
ܲܶ鰡һ˵ļ𣿡
ࡣ
ҲܲԼţԤС̫ͥࡣ֮һң翴ȶݡ
ĸ˵ҶΪáҲôˣɼҵǳ飬ʲôģǶ԰һ
ǡ
ﵽء
ֻԽԽҡ

ʩĬã̾˿֮ǰǸӹء
˵˰
ﻹݵЩȰ
ʩû˵
ҪҪһַ
ţ
ҪԿĻҸоɡõļӹĿԸȥ
𡢲á
Ǿܾˣ
ҲǲҪֻûطšһһ㼸ƽ׵ļңһͷһԣһͯ˶пĵطżӹİ
ƽʲô飬Ҫ̨
ȥӹĵѵתһȦмѣԼѵࡣ
С
ˣʱûػ
˵ôļҳ̣ҲʼԹԼǶô˵Ǯã˵СѴ
ʩûвЩ
˵ʵҪάϵõĻԭҪһľûġŮˣ׬ǮǷǳҪġҲΪðɡ
ʩû뵽Լֻ׷ȴôʵ
֪Լǲˡ
˶ΪԼϲŮûиоᲽĵáջǻѡôЩʵϵ⣬һǲԱġ
û취ƮƮ˵һ䣬Ȼȥ⡣
Ϊʵ˭׬Ǯ
ǣ׬ǮͿ׬ġ
ڳ˵¶ῼǲǶԼû飬û˻ȥˡ
ܿȥˡ
Էһֱûȥʩԭֵ飬Ϊ֪кĻʩ˵ġ
չĲ˳ûϷˡ
Ҳڵȡ
Ҫ󲻳ɹĻŸ¡
ҲһҪԭĸԭѰ
ԷԼ⼸Ȼʩûк˵ԸоϣǺܴġ
-
ԷﰲοԼǸϣʩˡ
ɫϲŭԷ䣬ɣ䡣
š
Էķ俪ůů͡
ʩսȥƺˡ
˶û˵
Է˵Ҹ㵹ˮɡ
ллء
ƬԷ߱˵
ʩأš
ƵҶòˣʵҾðɣŸҲеġҲʲôҪԭ
Էһ
ʵԸоʩĵ뷨
˵ÿζ׼ĺͲֵ״̬ǿԸоġ
á
ʩ˵ܱܲһ㣬еˡ
Է⻰󣬶û˵ˮܵĸǰһѽ§ԼĻ
ʩڴߣԴպñԷȦ˻ǰ
Բ𰡣ҲáԷǸ
鰡
ȥЩú۵顣Ȼʩ赭д˵ǵǸֶӽɢ˰Ըо˵ж
ҪһЩȰж಻ס
ʩĻҡҡͷ˵ǵġ
ۣΪӦΪеһУԻصȥ
ȥЩˣҲǡ



73 
ʩ, ѧʱ߹һʱڡ
ôʱأеһжоδڡÿ춼鱥ѧҵʱ, Լϲ顣
ֶӵĳԱҹ, ÿݳ֮ǰ, 㳹ҹߣҲþ״̬رá
ϲкܶ࣬˺ſͨһ, ˿ǧˡŮŮС
Щ˽š
, ȥάϵЩƼˮϲ
, ûоԼʲôֵñϲ, ûʲôŵ, Ƣáдĸʱ, ͳһ
һš
û˭ܵġ
õѣ׵ļ, 䱩⣬һ仰˵
Ȼš
ֱ¹ȥ
Ȼعںá
ҪЩνĹĺչˡ
һˡ
һ, η塣
ԵǾеֶӽɢ, עԼ˺š±Ϊʲôֶӽɢˡ
Ϊʲôˡ
֪ӦôشЩ˵⡣
ѡ˻رܺʧ
ҲһûȦԼһ, Ϊȥ˽, ƾԼһ˵, İĳ, һҺ޵ġ
Ϊû˻Ƕλ谵ӣôͦġƺĥƽеǡ

ȥ鲻
κΡ
Էֺ, ʩԼͻȻߡ
ʲô˸סˡ
ϲֺ¡
ϲǣп˵ˣɺµǡ
֪ǲǻڽĳ죬ҲͻȻʧˡ
ʩԷǰչֳһ棬ΣƺʲôˣԴҡͷ˵ǵġ
⣬ԼƺΪÿ˶ӦҪԼ롣ӦҪԼ˼롣
Էû˵
ʩǵѧУ̳ʶĵһˣֶ漪ĺ֣ǷѧԺĸ߲˶ϲҥ֮
ס
رϲͬһ׸СHotel CaliforniaĽСùݡ
ǰܳȴһޡ
˻ԵɺϿʼ磬ʩܶ෨֪ʶռģ֪ʩҪԼҵޣܶͬйصķģһѹڱҵͷˡ
˵ʩڴѧʶõѡ
Ҳ緢˵ԺһΪѧᳪ赯ˡ
ǡ
̶̼Ľ죬緢Ѿͦһơƶǣÿ춼
˵ûϹԱҲûȥʦˡ
ûô׵һ飬Ҳȫְûᱻġ
˵Ҫȥడǻֵ֧ġʵǣǻһվ㡣
һûϣǻ˵һΰɡһΣɲһʧˡϿ϶û˼ûŬԵڶûϵʱһ䰲οĻû˵ֻ˵˾䣬Ǹ˭ҵλˡ
һ 7000࣬й
㿴㡣
á
Ǿٿһΰɡ
ûϵʱԼ̬Ҳˡ
ԳûϵǼæȶæųѧУһҵѹÿϵĶͻȻʼرء
ôһָоҪе¶ˡ
һξϰһ۾ͽӣȻҡ
֣˵Ҳ뵯ʵںۡʱʹ죬֪ӦҪôģĪۡ
ƣ
ûʲôֵˡ
ҪҪԿһΣΪԼȰϲȥ¶ĸо
ʩô˳سֶӣǸȥԿһԭΪ
ķǳ㡣
ʲôǳš
˵ǲҪ˰ɡ
ʵʩʩھã׬ǮҪȻҲǼһ棬ҲǰһȰǣ⼸̫ˡʵڴ򲻾ȥˡ
㿴ô˵ɼˣ԰ɡ
һʲôûء
˼˵ҵɣҵһɣһ޳ɲ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱԳɼҡ
Ц
ôأô㰡ʩ˵
̾˿⼸ȫְ̫
һԱĸλֻһˣȴ34ˡǿһ꣬갡ûеκ룬ȫ֧˴ʼı˵ᵱ氵ʾ
ԭΪѧҵͿԳ׬Ǯˣü΢ɵ㣬û뵽
ˡ
ʲôûС
ʩʩ֪Ϊ˴ѧɵĿʼʱ򰡣̸ϲĸ֣ȥȥ׷Σվ̨ϣΪɵĿʼ
һҵеһжˡ֪ɣͺ֮ǰΪȻһЩ飬ͻȻûˡͻȻģûˡȻᱻȥ顣
Щ飬ϲġ
ȴõģƴƵģһҪϰһҪ
ܶۡ
͸֧С
˵ֵ𣿡
-
ʩѺ֣Է˵ˣԷ˶ӣһֱûػ
˵ʵΣ˵пƵҹľûûʲô˼˰ļӵˣ⻵¡
ҵĿʼûпϹԱס
Ƕӣǡǡһʱڡ
ûвҵ˹һȽѧأҵ˵ȥϰ࣬ʵڲУԼһСҲУ˵ǲȶҪȥȥԺ
֮һҪбƣһҪ档
֣ǰϲĶʼרı
ȥǼ꣬һ̲趼ûкȹڼԷʱҴ
еκ졣
극ԼϴҲ˵κλͻطѧϰ
ҲȥκĵطҲûǮţҲɢɢѡ
ûκѡ
⼸ûпһӰûгйܾûôˡ
˯ãҪѧϰ
·ڣݵʺÿ˺󣬸ĸɫرѿ
ֹ
˵ݡ
ܹ飬ˡ

Ҳ֪ΪʲôԿء֪ʲô˵ʲôأٿٴȥ˵׷Ρ
û
ǶĽ㣬Ȼûк˵ȥǼôģ֪һǸŬš
ҺܿģңҪҪһصȰ
룬Ѿʺ׷ˣ׷ΣҸʵһЩⱲأҲˣΪҵѾ˷ǳص⡣
ҶеһУѾʧȥȤ
Ⱥ˵ʱ䣬ĵʱ򡣡
ʩԡ
˺һᣬǸԲҲ֪㡭
ûϵڼְڵ̯ء׬ǮҲͦõġ֮˵ɣ˵ֺܿͺأԲԣ
ԼˣҲ
ʩѧġ
Ƕ޿ºʱ⣬̻ʩܶࡣ̻ʩǸˣԼȴѡһ
Էļ˵ʵÿ˶ԼѡģֻҪⲻҪ𣿡
Ҳ˵ѽ
ҶΪܺõ÷ǳʹ࣬ΪʲôŹԼء˭ҵԼȰϲ˶ԺһԼЩνȰϲ
ʵǣҲҵǺʽ



74 
ʩԷ̻¶, ȻһЩ顣
˶һҪԼԭĳģЩȥ˾͹ȥˣ˾, ΪʲôһҪأ
˶ǰߵİ, ôһɲ䰡
˶Ҫ, ҲˣҪΪ˼Լ룬С
Լһĸо, ΪʲôҪűһ
Է˵ҪԸо, Ըһ, ҪòĻ, Ҳȥġ
ʩĬ⼸, ԷҲһġ
ʵЩ֪ġô᲻, ǾЩźɡЩȥһ׷εǣôȥӵеĶ
ǲĵô
ֻǾͦܵġЩȥֺȰ, ˵ʵ֣ҲҪʵһɡ
ôԶˡ
Էû˵
ӵ
Ϊ֪, ˵Щ, ʵʩֻҪһܵḶ́һǿʼƽӹһʵ
-
, ʩæµС
ԷҲûٺԭ飬Ϊ֪, ڻʺϡ׾æ, ﻹʱȥд贴
Ѿʼȥʺϼ, ںеĸܶ࣬һҪԭ
ԭôİ
д, ǴȰǲƻرظ⣬ܲ׬ǮҲ˻᲻ϲ
Լʱǿĵġ
㹻ˡ
ҪĿĺͿ̫ˡ
ԷҲʵʱ뷨ҲǲʵʵġȻٿ̨Ϸⷢʩ
ûвЩ꣬׹ôʵԷһŲ֪
ǵӣʲôϵء
ֻҪʲôӣԽܡ
Էﰵ˵
-
Ȼ޵ƬûԷԤڵʱڷҲûôˣ⼸죬һֱʺƬ֡
϶ҥʺϡ
˭ҥ
ʵѡʱȥߡǵƹæƹפʱҲд˹ߵԷϲһ䣬ʿ֡
Ͼƹݵһ㣬ƹҲְȡ̲㡣
Ҳ¸ĸӵģкܶÿ߿ƲһһпȺ̲裬Ҳһгġ
ǰôһ
˻˯Էɹ̫
оʱûôˣڶ˺ܶණĪоʡ
ʩæµˡ
ԷھƹݵϣľƹݣҲǿȹݡ͸еһУеĽƺ˰ġ
ڲ׽ɵ״̬ʲôӵġ
е˻ѡŶһЩ鼮еĻѡ̸е˻רעƷÿ˶Լ硣
Ҳÿ͵ɵĳ㡣
ҵȻͷɵ״̬ҲʩθĸҪƳ⡣
ɳڸС
еɳڸС
ȥʲô飬˿̵״̬⣬û취ԼȥڣҪǵסһʱ䣬˾ͻرķɡ
С
ҵٴγ
Է˫ۣƺоһĪ
˽ʩˡ
Ҳף޺;ƹݵˡ
-
Էʩķ
첻ƬҲƵ˵˵
ľƹݺæʩļѡ
Ǵ඼ҵгɣͷеСǮʲôԷչҵǶʩһ
⼸ʩΪ޺;ƹݣۻ˲ٵ
ȻҲвǳģϾŮ˭ء
ƹѲʩȵһζ
ߵ죬˿ŵ˵ǿȳġ
ǰȵڽ£ڱˣ֪ôȲŲǰճᣬʲôʵʵġ
ʩҲ֪ڵǲҪģ׬ǮƺҲǲԽܡ
ۣƾоصԼķ䡣
߽˲ſſڶһӰһһŷԷ
ؿڣ˲ѣһԷôû˯
ǸŵˡԷҪȴԼ׵̫ˣһڣʩۼֿ죬һѽסСĵ㡪
û¡ֱִۡ
ڹȣվȺ̧ͷǰ˵˯š
ʵԷüСʱˣ˺ܾá
Ϊ֪Ļ´ο϶ˡ
㰡ʩ˹ıӣû˵
֪ڵֻԷ֪Ҳȥ²ʲô
ɣʩת̧룬ŴˣϴβǸôԼ
ԷҡҡͷҲҪԼһˡ
ҪģԼһڷʲô˼
ȣҲһİ䣬ɵһڵϵȡ
֪˻ΪʲôŤء
ҲܣҾǲһˡ
ʩ
úúã㲻һˡ
ʩظ˵Ļ
ԷõĴ𰸣һȦסֱۣҾ˵˵
һζʩԼϵľζأԽûȥˡ
Ȼ֮ǰÿϣæ󣬶ȥġ
Ƚֺ˲پƣͲȥû뵽ڵԼ
ʲôϵϲϵľζԷЦ˵
ʩûסЦòƭҡ
Էͷʲôʱƭˡ

ȷʵǱȽʵϵġ
ȥϴˮ衣ʩ˵
ԷҪҪ㣡


ԼԵġ
Է붺ģڶ賿ˣҲЦˣȥůѡ
ʩҲеˣûپܾ
һϴУҪȻ֪Ҫϴá
һҪϴŶ
ʩ
һôĪصôˡ
ʩҲ֪塣
ֻɵġ
ԭϵƣҲһɢʩһֱѰҵɡ
æ˵˵
š
-
ʩǸˡ
ﳣ겻յҲûůȡůġİҲܼ򵥣Ҳ˯ĴеϰߣԷ෴
Է䣬ȡ
ҪյһҪů
ҪȻᶳģҲϲլڷԭ֮һΪʵĸо
˻ⴲ䰡
ԷϴͶֱҴ廹Ӳǵǰʩ˯ĴôӲİ
ôڡ
ŰСʱʩͷ¥µԡ¥
¥Է˵´һҪĴϷһ̺̫ˣ
ʩЦǸ
ĴȷʵûĴ
ҲûҲǹ˼˵һ䡣
š
ϴƣ΢һˡ
ԷæӣЦŶ˵Ѻůˣ
һҪ佱̬
лл
ĴδҲ̫Ӳ˵ˣԷ²۵
ʩĬ˻ᡣ
ֱϴſڣˣڻḴԲ˯̫Ĵ



75 
Է֪
֪ʩǰܹ, Բ˯ĴҲ֪Ϊ곦θƣԲŲܴյΪһ˿յ, ͻӡ
ҲῪůǿյů, Ϊ׷̷졣ķûпյů
Բ, Ҳ֪ΪԼ㹻˽ˣɵڷ֣ʵһ֪
, ϲġ
ȴʲô֪
ûйϵѽ, һֱûк˵û˵, ô֪ء
ǡ
㰡, ʲôԼʩ, һǷ, Դļ򣬡Ҫ˯ô, ǡ
ҷеġ
ʩ
ֱڶûпںͶԷȷϵ˺ڵȡһʵʱ
ҿԸ˯ԷС˵
ⶼϴ, ʲôɲԵġ
˵Ծܾܾһ
˵, ֲûһ˯
Ҫʡ
ʩѹúܵͣ˵ѵӦԼԸԸ˯ôӲĴô
Ĵ, ʩ˯
͵ģʱ˯ź, ֮, úܡҲ᲻
ʩȥ˵
Ҿûðɡ
ҲǺӲ
ллůѡʩ۾û취, ֻöȥǲ˵
˯ɡԷȻԵѾ۾Ҫ, ҲûʲôҪ˵ˡ
㲻˵Ҫ˵˵ҿ˵СԷˡ
Է˸Ǳӣ˵ˡ
ţ
š
˵𣿡ʩߺ˵
Էס˵ʵû˵ģûϵʣµģ˵
ʩûٻػǳǳš
Ȼƣ붼ɢˡ
-
Ԫʱ޵ķѾȫԤˡ
ùݻûдãԤ°깤׿ԿʼӪҵ
ԷԪ֮ǰԼƬ޵ý˺ϣεƬƹ㡣ƫھƹԼùݡ
Ƭĵŵ˯š
֪ķôķҲһˡľͷҲʼԳ˵ֻ档Ȼ֪ô
Ҳһı䡣
-
ԷͰֻһԡȥע
˽2020ҪˡѾȥ2019꣬˺ܶǰû顣·죬ʵѾȥ˺üˡ
һ˵ʱܾʱ
ôûʲôоţеһжر졣
µһҪʲôԸء
ǰÿһ¿ñ֪ԸǣȥĵطĳԼƬΪ֪Ըǣټһ档
Ϊ֪Ըˡ
ΪҪˡ
Ѿߡ
ľƹݺ֣߲߻һ굹ʱĻᣬܶĽǰ
ʩĺܶѣ㵽ꡣ
ÿֻҪһǮͿˣǰÿһ꣬Էһڲͬĵطӭµһꡣ
ʩ˵ƹݻлμӵĻԺʹһ档ҪȥĵطҲһȥֻҪһ㡣
Է˵ûʲôȥĵط
ԼҪȥء
á
ԷѡһʱƬȥæֳˡ
֣Էġ
ΪǰδҪȥֵĵطڴ˿̣Ըߵһȥӭµһꡣ
-
ߵ㡣
ͰѾʼ
Է¼һ̡
˺ܶ࣬ÿظ裬Է֫岻Э̫裬
ʩмⳡϵûмԷΪǹеģһֱڸԷڨķ羰ܺã޻ǾƹݶԼɫ߶漸ġ
ԷڨЦ˵á
ʵ΢ʱԷ΢١
ӺͷͳֻɨɡԷ⣬æصͷõĺõĺõİ
һ룬ϵı΢
⡭
ʱʩע⵽ߵ˹ЦŴкܣÿѽ
ܿʩֿԷ˵ǵеԱ
ʩҡҡͷǰ
˵ǣ
óֻ΢ҳʾƹݵ΢źţ⻹Ա㻹ôƯԱ
ʩ
治Ա
ʩͼ͡
Ȼûá
Աʲô

áԷӹãԷóӰֱߣҡҡ
֤Լ˵ʵпŶȵġ
Ҳһڲʶǰ˵ԼóʲôҪһκܴ󷽵Χ֤ԼҪ顣
Ҫǹ˾ҪʲôĵʲôƬģԺϵġ
˼һõģ⻰һ˵ʩϰ㰡̫ˡ
һҪƵҵİ
ЦˡʩڨЦ˵
ǻҪæ
ȥȥɡܰڰ֣̫ҵˣƿصġ
Բٴ
ʩԷĸı䣬û뵽ȻͶԷͨ黹
ʲôȻԷû˼
ûʲôʩҲû׷ʣ˸˵Ҵȥһط
ţԷɻ󣬡ǲһ𣿡
ĺߣ˺ܶˣر֣ƹҲˡҶڵȴµһĵ
ܶСﳪ裬Ц
ǣǿ͵͵ߡʩ˵
ԷЦⲻʩϰ壬ҪԱ̰𣿡
ܡ
Ǵȥ̽δ򡣡
ޡ
Ϊġ

š
ƺеŶ
-
ܱߵĵطԷ߱ˡ
ΪҪļ¼ƬҪΣʵ벻ʩԴȥ￪µ
ء
ʲô˵
ԷҲ׷ʣռ¼
׼ʱ򷢵ϣҲһ
ԼóؿһЩƵƬİҪҵԼĶλ޵⣬Ҫ˾ҵҲõ
ȻʩиΪʲôúƽ̨ء
Ժ˵ҲԳԼĹң룬һý˾Ҳǲܡ
˲һɲġ
̰һɲ䣬ڸҪ¸ĸ
ҵʺʽ׬ǮԼóҲ׬Ǯ
š
-
쵽ʮʱ˶ʼڴ굹ʱʱʩԷ֣һķȥ
Ҫȥѽ
쵽ˡ
ԽһߣɢȥһƬ
ԷҲû취ȷʩҪǺߵڵķ
Էȷʵûôȥ
С
ǴԼȥô
ԷҲ֪
ܿ졣
Զ֡
ʩɿ˵ˡ
ǵ

ʩֿ̧һֱһӵʱʮˣݸʱոպá
ţ
˼ʲô
Էĺ磬ҲϾȥ
ֱǾ䣺
Է
µһ꣬Ҳһȥˣ㣬ҪҪſŮѰ


76 
, Էؿǰˣղ˵Ǿ仰, ֻ᱾ܵؾ, Լǲˡ
ûôͻȻؿڡ
ʩһ, ʵԭҲû㿪˵ģٵһȡٲڡ
ԱԷ˭ʱ, ԼԱ, Ҳ˵, Ҳ㿪ڽ
ʲôأ
ʲô
Ҳʩġ
ԷŲ, ʲôǵ˰
Ҳһ, һٵĵطԼ⡣
µһ, ȷϵ
˳عһ
ոաԷҲ֪ղǻǷУ⿪Ҫ˵ûʲô, ¾ôȥ
Ҫ
Էļ뻹ڲ²⣬˵Ҹոס

δҲֱ̫˰ɣ
ŵԷûҿ, ΪԼ, ڸǹȥءƺˡ
ʩû㡣
˶Ǻܶ࣬Ҫһġ
ôһֱţܵҪиְ
ʩŲԼʲôأ
, ҪҪŮѡһȥȻڵ, ܻû׬ܶǮ, Ҳû취ȥ, ǡ
ҺҪ㣬Ҫҵߡ
Ҳߡ
û˵ϲ
ȴִԷĿڡ
Ҫ
ߡ
˵ʲôϲ, Էġ
Էֿ˻ȴһòƭҡ
ʩί
Ұ˵ƭˣһ˵ҡ
ԷǱȽĻӦģղ˵Ķඡ
ôܻǼٵģʩͲ췢ˡ
ȷ
˵ľܽʩöҪ§סˣҪҪ֤㿴
Ŷ
ô֤
Ȼǡ
ʩٷѾȥʲôˣһ§ס׼촽֮ǰŵϷȻʵж֤ҵ¡

ˣåⲻǣ
Ϸġ
С
ûС
˵ûУ
ûС
Ŷǿһ˰ҹ˯ҵĴ˰ɡ
ι
㣡
𶯡
Ҫרġ

-
ûһᣬԷѾˡ
̫ˣȻʩһֱǺܽšһžͺ١
ţʩһҪ˹ȥæ뿪Ĵ
ǲǸС֪Ҫġ
ԷĹĵģһ԰ҾСôˣŸһ𣬾Ϳʼˣ
ѽ
ԣ
ո˵ʲô
ʩ㡢ո˵
ʲôҲûԷȻڼƽϸղ˵Ļ
ѽ
ո˵Ļ˵һ
š˵أԷ
Ȼ˵ỻ
԰£Ȼỻˣûʲô飡ỻʲôǣ
ʩƤĸǰ˵Ҹոնˣ˵һǴӦඡ
Է˵ʲô
ҹĴ¡
ոûסԼԭ򣬸һ¡
Է˵
ҸǸӦóЦ㲻ỻġʵҲ̫ᡣ
Ǻǡ
ᡣ
ҿģ
ʩ
װģװġ
򶨣ʵŵҪ
Ҵ
Ҿ̫ˣһûס
Ŷ
̫˾ͿЦ¡
Ϳ˵£УԺͲˣСһ
ʩٴνһѱס˵Ҹůѡ
ҪԷ
ʩĥҪ
ʲôҪʲô
ʩߵ͵͵˵ʲôҪ
Է
åɣ
ŲǣǺġ

Ų
-
ҹ
ʩط䡣
˵Ҫʵǰ뿪ЦģҪԸĻôǿ
ֻ֮Сˡ
ſڵʱԷס˽Ų
ʩûҪȥ˼ԥ˻Ὺڣ㣬ȥ
ˡ˵
Ŷ
ǻ᲻ǻ˵ҪůѵģŹȥ˼Сʱȫˡ
ƭ˵ġ
ʲô
Է˵㲻˵ҪǸʲôô
ĸ
ˣ
ǲڶԼ棡
Լ׿˵
߰ɣ
ߡ
˵ƭˡ
ʩģľҲܲ˼Ҳȥʲôˣѹúܵ͵˵ǡ
Ȼȥϴ裬һ·Ȼٹ
ŶȻ˵ĻԷֺתˣ㲻С
Ŷ
ֲ㡣

ڼƽϸղء
ʩסЦ⣬ڵҲȥ·ˡ
ţ
Է
ʩýͣһѽȦס
һҧʪĶŪʪˣ·
һڣԷһ
ءưͣȴܻӭ
ˣ˭ֵܵס
ʲô
ôˣܱ˭ɡ
˵ˣֻôûô
ԷӱſڣʩһֻֻԴһֻߡ


ʩе㣬Է˶ӣһ룬ȴʩϵøˡ
˶ûʲô飬ǰԺǧٱһշ
Ժ󻹸ϲˡһǲൽԷխĿռκΡ
ûҪߵ˼Է룬촽΢ס˵ЩʲôԼľ仰˵ˣֱġ
ʩһֻֽסһֻȥҪ´ٲĻͷ㡣

ǳһ
㱻ǵ

ȷʵһ˵ĳͷ
ſԷ˸ӣ벽Զͷ˵ԡ
ŻңҲŲأ

Ȼӱˡ
С
ʩҲƽϣҹеʱԹԵġ
˭֪˾ڵ㣬ֻ֪ڶ˯ɹͣһķ䡣
޵ĺۼôض˾Ƿǡ
֣Թϵһߣ֪ˣΪʲôƢʩϰĵ˵Էʲô
ϵ
ʵû뵽
֣ΪǱ˺þãȥԵġ
ʵǱ˼СʱѣΪ̫Ծˡ֮ǰ;ﲻԣ˵
ʧһϺٴγ֣ôеʲô鷢
Էʱ֣͵͵ʩϰ壬ôԷ˿š
š
е㲻̫Ծ
ʵֻ֣ǲ²⡣
˷ϣҲ˵ʲôġ
û뵽ǣ˺ܵؿ˵ôˣܰ𣿡

֣ɴ۾
š
ֻһʣû뵽ըôشϢ
ʩԷһ⣬Ȼ̹ȻڣôˣǱ飬ѵ𣿡
䣡ô᲻䣡֣ϵЦôزסӦòǸɣ
ϳ
˵ǣͲµˡ
ʩҲΣ󷽳ϣǸ䰡
Ȼְ䣿

Ҫ䣿

֣վ
ʩü
ô
⣿


77 
ﲻȷ̫, ˸ȷϵԷ͵һġܲͲ֮ܲһ߾ͲһߣһЩҪ鷢
ԴܽӴ, , ˵Ī໥, ʱԷ͸ʩ˵ȳȥ, ٳȥ
ƫ
Ҫһ
Ȼ˸ճ, ͱɨİײˡ
̳ЦЦ, ʵǺƽһĴк, ʩôŵġԷúܶ, СظʩԹ, ˵ˣȳȥٳȥҪһںˣһžͱ˿ˣ
ʩûʲô, ͱ¡
ֲʲô˵飬ʲôԼ, ֪ġ
ʲôصġ
㣡
Է, ø˵
ΪԼ˾ͻ͵㡣
ԽĸߵǸ˿һ, ޲˽ܣŮŶô, Ưɡ
Էҧгݡ
һֱ˵, Բø˽ʲô, ǰ˻˵ǲǸ˽, Ǹҫ
ҫ
ҫʲô
ʲôֵҫİ
ԷĻ
ʩȴޱ򶨡
ҫʲô
ȻҫûеĶ
Է
Զԡ
Ϊ˿͵͵̸ٲڶ⹫ڵûǸȥӦԱ˵۹ۡ
͵㡣
Լ飬ʱˣٶ⹫
е˰
ȫڸ±˲֪˵Ĺϵ·ʱ򣬶Ҫһ¡
һĵڶ죬ȫ޵˶֪ˡ˼󣬲ȫ޵֪ʶˣ֪ˣ
ʱų벻֪Ҳѡ
ԷҲûԼһ죬ᱻôӡֱ˷ͷϵĸоٻȥһЩ顣
ڴͬʱҲĵǡ
-
޵ƬԷһֱٵ½޵˺š
е㺦½ԼԤڵʧ䣬񶨺ͻԼ
һֱȥ
֪
һֱֻ֣֮ɱĸǰǳؿ˵
Է㷢ǸƵ
㡢ĵǸ޵Ƭ
֣ܼ˵ˣԷʾ˵Ҫż
㣬ϷǸƵѾ1000תˣѾͻһ۶ǧˣڻڳ
֮ǰ޵˺ţҲͼٸޡ
һΣֱ˵˵صƵͬʱҲصιٷ˺תˣ
ܲĹؼ
Է˵е㲻ţûںҰɣ
ɲ׼鿪Цİ
ҪûдﵽԤڵĳɼĻģ
ôں㣡֣֤ݰǰԼ
ԷŽɣֱʵݣԷŸġ
»кܶ˵ʲôʱڶڣܾûпôƬˡҲ˵´һҪΪǱ򿨵ĵط
Էĺ
֣ĵؿ佱
һô϶һˡ
ǰܾãʲôԼԴϴʶҪʵԼҲؿʼԼͽ⣬ʼȥϺͽΧ˵㡣
ҲŬԼøá
Ҳʼǰһ
֣Է˵󣬾Ϳʼ޵ˡǺ°
Ҫһģ
ͻĺϢԷһƺ̫ʵȥʩӰϢһ֪
ûпʣҲûв¡
һҪΪ޺ãҲһֱڽ
һȦûˡ
ˣԷʩϰ˵ȥ£㲻ҪһԷ
ޡ
Էеʧ䡣
ϰʲô飬һʱͻ뵽Ҫ˵ҪõϿɡҪԼһԼϲŭ֡
æ
Է֪æҲ⡣
ӱҵڣԷһֱʲô鶼ûã̫֤Լһˡ
̫֪ʵԼһֱŬû͵ġ
ѡŮûдһ顣
ֵõġ
ֻǡ
ȲҪĺϢڵȴһɢ
-
֪æԷҴ
ôһֱȡ
ܺüΣ΢ϸϢסˡ
Ҫȵ׿ڸϢ
֪ǣʱsĻг
ʩϰ̸ϰڿӣ̧ͷǰ˶ԽӣǾȷҪǧŰپʮֻõ廨ඡ
ûģҪڡ
ʩͷʾ֪ˡ
ãǰ˵һҪʡ
ģ֪⼸첻ͦġϰ˵
ʲôʩ֪ƬСһѵ飬еϰôô˵
ϰ¶㻹֪𣿡
֪ʲô
ϰ˵ˣѶݸʩ˵˻氡
ϰΪʩЩõ廨ǸõģʩҲûʲôӭϰ嵽ʱȥ޲ιŶ
һ
-
ʩص޵ʱѾˡ
ԷһֱڵϨӷ˳

ʩ˫֣Է첽ĸǰһӵĻУǸһеˡڴһЩ顣
ȥһ˻г⣬ʩȥһ˹ء
ϴγ󣬾һֱû֮ǰͶʵһĿһֱͣһʱ䣬ʱ¿
ȥæ
һвסˣɹ⡣
һߣͻύʩȻ˵鷳ʵڽôͶʣô⡣
Էҡҡͷû°Թû
ûء
ȥŪ
Ŷ
ʩе㾪ϲ
Է˼ץץףԿ
ʩԴ޵ĳˡ
ιԷ͵˺ܾã˵Ķﵽ˵ˣЦ
ԲҴˡʩļ˵ֻǲôۡ
ҲΪʲô
Ŷʩӹһ룬˵ˡ
ϲ㰡
˵ϲһ̣ԷͻȻᱼˡ
һֱΪ֪ҪϢû뵽ʲô֪
Ҹ˻ڳϣȥá
뿪ггʱʩ룬ⶨһտ
ôŶԷϾò죬ü΢ϲüҡ
ʩһ˵ǶǰȥһԣҪһҲ;ϲУҶ⡣Ҳ롣
лл㰡һֱΪ޵ķչԼŬҺܿġ
㿪ΪĳõƬ
Ȼʩ֣ûĳõƬҲΪҵ߶ÿġ
ԷͷǵЦ޷ڸס


78 
Ȼȷ˹ϵ, Ҳ춼˯һ
ʩΪ˯̫ĴԷ˯ϰ˯Ӳ᲻̫Э, ż˯һˡ
Ҫһ˯, ˶û취˯á
ʩæĺŻ, ҲԸԷһֱż˯һõѡ
˴Ҳ㹻ĿռȥԼ顣
ҹ
ʩϴãʱ㿪ƬúÿһƬ, ʩ⡣ԷʱѪ, Ҳرõһ顣
Ψһϧ, ԭֵġ

š
ʩĿǰ취顣
ƬĿʼǺߵճ, ϣ, Ӷ, ںƽ档, ȴֺС
Է֮
þͷ׽ĴȻû˵֮ǰƬ, ҾùˡҲȫ, þͷ¼ţ޵һ졣޵Уճ, 嵽æµ޵
ҥԼдİ
еһжǡô, ޵
ֱĻ, δ
ĳԼҪĳĶ
, ꡣ
ֵá
ֵñ֪
ʩ۾, ǲһֿܣΪдһ׸谡ûֶӣֻкܵļľͷһȥ̽еĿԡ
ʩһ˯ȫޡ
ֺܴĳ嶯ƺڴ˿ӿ˳
-
󡪡
֣Էķţ˵ϢҪԷȥ֡
֣Է𴲣üͷ塣
ʵ˵Էôˣû˵ȥ֡ÿκʩȥĶ²Żš
й䡣
ټϣҪæ飬Ըˡ
֣ճˣһֱѽ˼ҵվͿҪˣʲôûءȥ
Էޱطܵǰףտְ
Ҷʵ״̬ԷҲαװʲôհʲô޸С
һֱŷֻҪģÿ춼Ǽա
գ޸С
ѽ㲻ҪôĮҳšˡʲôһ֣Ͳˡ
ְԷɻ
֣һؽͣˣҲûء
Ρ
ԷҲ
ԷһΣ֮ҶҪģ֤ճ㣡ģ

Ǹˡ
ΪʲôֻһΣ
֣ˮҪ˵ˣ벻ǰλ
̾˿εô˵ɣϰҴȥġ
ʲôԷԡ
ѽҲ֪ҴȥߡӦ̫ˣȻæɣԾҴȥ档һ飬Ҫ
֣Ҳû˵塣
ǡԷЩʲô֣Ѿжˡ
ݻ·ͱˣ߾ˣ

-
Է鲻Ը˵һ
֪ʩΪʲôҪ֣ţ黹ԣ벻ͨ
֣ϳź󣬾ͺæͷ֪ڸһֱڷϢ
֪ΪʲôԷûᡣ
ǰΪģ˺ȫ޹ͨȻ͸Եġ
ƺԽܡ
ûʲôҪҲӲһ⡣
Ҳͦõġ
һСʱĵڵ
Է޿ؿǰ˵һΡûˡ
֣ڨЦһΡ
ֻһΡ
֮ôҲ֪
ԷȥһӰҰɡ

ڿЦ
һӰʦȻҪǮȥӰң
Էɴ۾
һš
ѽȥ˾֪ˣ

ͲӦӦ
-
Է֪ʱȥ˶ã֮ƨɶҪˡҲ֪Ϊʲô֣Ź֣ȴͷס
֣ʲôҲ˵
ԷҲ²ʲôԭԼʲԾͲˡֱ˸·ױϲʲôķʱԷٱҲӦ֪֣εǴš
Եڸʲô
Էüζһؿ֣
ֻɵЦ
ɵЦ
ֻô
Է֪Ӧô²壬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳʲôشӡ
Ҫ
ԷٻôԼΪû˼
ΣȻ鲻ԸžԼƯʱȻŽˡ
-
ŵģȥʱ򣬹ҵ˾ȻǣȥʱǻḺ͵ġ
ʱԷѾ²ʲôԡ
˰źõġ
ǵڸʲôŶԷһͼȥʡ
֣˿ֻһЦʲô£ܿͻ֪ˡ
Է
ʱԷ֪ʲôϲڵ
ֻ֪ˡ
Ե֣ȴһ˷ܡ
֪Ϊʲô
-
ֱ̫ɽʱӲǰͣ¡
ʱԷϻžµױݣϴŹϥȹȻ֪ҪʲôԷԿ϶ǣйϵ
òʩҪʲôһľϲɣ
ǣӦð
ס
Է΢΢ü
ֱƿ³һƬſȷε
ſ̵޵ĺߣ׳ۡ
·ߣ޵ľͷһܴĻ
Ļ
ԷⱲӶûôĻ
ʩڻΧкܶ塣
Էˣ֪һ
˲Ÿһ𣬶Ҳûʲôֵףѽ
ʩȹԸġ
һеһУ·ڴ˿̶
ߵߣ֣߰ɡ
Էûعֱڻ̫ףҪʲôصĻ΢΢üʩ
ֱ֡
һôֱӵغ֡
еˡ
Щ׼ģ
԰
Ϊ˸һϲ
ǰ
˰
öǮ
ͺ˵˰
Էţʲôʱ˵ˣ
Һ˵ϲʱҲ˵ѽ
Էˣô˵һģĲտ
͵㣬ûøôĻ
ǣ㰡
Է
Ǯյģ
ģ˵ȥ
ڵԷ˵Ǯ׬Ƿʮʵûʲôȥʲô;ϲ
ΪʲôҪ˰ʩҲæһˣ˺ܶ˰æ֣š
ϲ
ңҲһܺõ
һֱĳõƬ޿ʲô
⼸죬һֱڳﱸ޵ڶڵƬ
ʩô᲻֪Ҫͷá
㲻˷𣿡
ô˷ء
ʩżæŵ׼Ϊ˸ϲ
Ĺ㣬ԼΪҲΪԺԼԳӰ·
Σҿ;ϲҲԳаĻ
ѵһô
Ϊʲô뵽ľ˵ȥ˷ѡ
ʩ⡣
ǵȴûôá
Ҳô
Ϊʲô̹Ȼؽܱܺ׼ľϲء
Է
ûб˼ֻ׼ϲо⣬ͬʱҲΪиõ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڵ㣬ƺһֱڷҡ


79 
ʩ˵, ׼ľϲ޴Ŀܡ
ֻǵʱԷƬ, ĵһӦôĻ, һҪܶǮ׼ɣȴ, Ϊ׳ۣҲ޴һ
캣޵ֱֱӽ޵, ˵аһԭ֮ǰԷĵƬ, Ѿһע, ĺ߻ֱ, Чֱˡ
ʩҲֱ, Сһѡ
Ƶȥֳ, Ҳ
Էûг
һֱڶ㾵ͷ֪, ﱸĻϲʩһ⣬ֻҪ˵һ, ллҺܿ, ʩҲʧ䡣죬ûС
ʩҲû֮ǰȥ
ת
ûжĽͺͰ
ĳ, Ȼͣסˡ
ƽԻģôҲȥ
ֵ, Էڽ, һ㶼ϡ
Ҳûʲô˼, ĺƯͷʼ޷̧
ʩΪ޵, ȫûеӡ
ȻЦݣݵԾͷôҫۣ˲ĿԷҲ֪ԼʲôֻеûеֻǣʱǸе㲻֪롣
Ųʲôء
Էһô͵ˣƽʩԵת뿪Էһ˶ڽ䡣վ˺ƹ˵㵽ЦӦ
һֱôһȫˡ
󷽣ԶõһչָˣѡôҿҪӡ
Ҳȷʵֵúܺá
֮ٴε˵δ򿨵š˳Ϊϰ
ҡҷˣԸģȻ
УͨƵϳǵĳֶӵ
ŵ̫ˡ
ʼһֱ
޵˺ҲΪ¶һ˿
޾˳ƳԳа쳡裬ԼĸյȻ۸񻹲͡ѾкüٸԤԼˡ
û죬ĳ޾Ʊʽ⿪šеĿͣԼգ׵Ȼ
ƾ軨һƣһԾΪ˵ʱıʥء
Ƿ׷ǰ򿨣ֻҪ߲ι۵£ȡõ廨

µһ꣬޵
Էȫû뵽ƣԽԽ˵ϲޣϲʩĿʼֳ˲
˺üû˵ˡ
˫ﶼЩԷֱȽϱŤ֣Էʲô˵ãǵȴҶˣȥԵ㣬߲ԡ
͵ʳʣ
״̬õʱ򣬸ʲôԲ¡
ƽʩڣţһ㡣
ֱŤ󣬾ͰԼʱ֣ȥԷҲ˵
ʩæ
֮ǰӰңҲʵˡ
޻ǸԷһϲ⣬Ϊף޺Ӱҵĳ
Ǵ͸ԷԺϰ塣
ӪĿ˼ʲôû˵ֱӷˡֱŤ⼸죬ʩһֱæӰҵ顣
ҪˣҪҪ߻ⶼ飬һæ
Է֪Щ顣
Լڷȥע
ֱ֣ϰεˣԷ͵شӴϷ𴲣˵ʲô
֣ظϰ壬ϰεˣ
ôεˣ岻һֱܺô
Ҳ֪ȥɣ
-
ʩķ䡣
ܰڴϣɫ԰ס
ֱ߻ŵΣҽ˵ڵ˰θôƴعҲעϢʳɣιȥֻǿʼٲúչԼ壬ûôõˡ
Էüͷ΢š
֣ûúóԷô
֣̾˿Է
ԺǲҪϰֱŤˣÿ죬Է˵ԣȥϰԷҲ˵ԡô˵ʵϰ˵⼸ˣ⼸꣬ʲô鶼һ˿ġ
֮ǰûԼˡʲôΪ޵ķչһ㡣һʱǺõˣֻһ١ȻȥӦ갡ʲôġ
⼸ֱŤǸʲôӰңһæ
˵ʲô
ʲôӰң
ô֪顣
ѽҲ֪ϰѹԼ˵ɡˡ
㡭
¶ϰ岻ôҴȥ֣æˡ
Էһڷ䡣
ΪֱŤֻܣʩܵӰ죬ô飬Լ
ղ֣˵ӰңѵΪԼô
Էٿؾˣʲôû˵Ϳʼʡ
Բ
ʩ԰׵۾ţھΡ֪Уۿʼ졣
-
ʹƺʧ
˺ƣ룬Ѿܾûôˡ
ɺֻԼƣУ⣬ܲ˼룬Żúùһ㡣
ʩо˵ϸϸһСس
˭ڿޡ
Էô
Լ
ô
ʩһƬ
̫ˣûкúõ˯һȵľ
⼸͸һͣתͣ¡ͣ£ԼҪУˡ
ֱҲǡ
ǰæˣΪܸ˸õ
ΪٺʲôҲڰѰĵֲ֪ڱ
ԲŻһ֪ľ档
ʩҲԼһЩԼԶһЩԷһ㡣
ĳ
ԷǲĺͲֵġ
ֻǱķʽǷףӦȺһµģڶԷ˵ҪĲǾϲ
ԽܵķΧڣȥԼ顣
ʱԷźǸ˵ԼӦʱʩȻˣʵû˭˭
ÿ˵ĳһ
ԼʶȥԷԼ˵ܸжڸձҵԷ˵ʱûа취Ҳûеȥľϲ
ĶǰԼ뿪ĪʱĶһġ
Ϊһģʩܹͬܡ

ΪʱһȥУķǳʹࡣһˣĪǵĳУÿ춼ۣΪ˿Զ׬һǮΪܺĳ쵼ϰùϵͣȥӦ꣬ȥԼƣӵи
ͬʱҲһֱ͸֧Լ塣
ջۡ
ĳθѾǳ
ʱΪæµԼ
֣˵ûԴԷ޺ʳҲ˺ܶࡣΪԼ첡ˣʣԷҪô졣
Ҳû뵽
һߡ
ǲˡ
ҵĲã鷳ˡԷۺһȦʩĴǰͷ˵
ʩ
кܶ໰Ҫ˵û
ҡҡͷֱ̧֣Է㲻Ҫޡ
һޣʩҲܡ
˯һɣòá
Էŵͷá
Էܹɵ˴ֵܰ˯ıϣһҶ
ܰʩƵڶ𣺡Է㱧˯


80 
üû˯һˡ
ʩĵһӦ
Ȼ̫Ҫ˵Ļ, ֪Ӧô˵꣬˵籧˯һ
̫̰ˡ
̰ϵζ
̰˯һӴĸо޷̤ʵ, ϵĻ, Ӵʵʡ
˶޷ġ
˵, Լ˯ʱԷûκͣٺԥһ, һѽȦס
Ҫһֱ
һֱ
ֱ塣
ֱ˵ϲ, ֱ˵Ҫ, С
Ⱳ, ˡ
Ҳȥ
ڱ˲, Է͸ֳͷ
Сغ˵ұ˯, ͲⱲӶô
ٺòˡʩЦˡ
Ҫշѡ
ţ
һëǮ
ꡣ
ʩ̲סЦЦ
Է
̫ˡ
Է˵ˣ
ֻҪëǮ
ʩһ˵ǲ, ջඣǲǡ
ϾȺ, һôء
Էһ˼¡
С
ֻ, һ᲻̫̰ˡ
Է˼Ϲ˿ҶԴ۵ඡ
Ϳ㰡
ԸԸϹ¡
ꡣʩûסЦˡ
Էеˣô£ôЦ
ʩͣǸ
ʵ̫ˡ
Է
˺ü춼û˵, һ˵ô࣬Ժܱ˯, ܲô
ǺͺˣԷʡ
ʩûӹ
˵ǲ
ʩأҲΪǳܡ
ǲǳʲô
ֻǱ˴˵侲ڡ

˵Ŀ
´λҪ侲𣿡
ʩҡҡͷ, ǺҪ
ʲôһ˵ζ̫ˡ
ŲҪء
Ժú˵, вСԷ˵
ʩԴǰ˿ǲһֱú˵ôֻΪ̫˴ˣԶԷ׾һ仰, ļתһȦ
˵ǣǰЩԽܣǶ˵ҿʱܽܡǿӲؼϣҿܻ޷ܵסͻῪʼֺ̿ͲόǣΪԼá
һо
Է˵⻰ʱȦٴη졣
һͨѵһĵ뷨ΪôŤҲߵˣһʹࡣ
á
ʩ۾Ҳʪˡ
˵áԺһ
ţ
-
֮ʩϢ졣
ԷǿӲҪ£ʹ룬壬鶼Է
Է޹ҵڹҵ飬ʩҲ˵ˡ
ʵ׼ǸϲҲһԭΪףҵĳ
ԷĹҡ
ҪԺرҶһ޶ķʽȥף
Էûиᡣ
ʩԷеҺ
ˣԼȹΪ֮ǰһйľ飬ԶԷ˵鲢ѡ
ֻҪҪ飬ûвġ
Ҳûõ顣
ҲԷһֱŷġ
ҲԸȥԼԶһ档
ֻǣʩֵһЩ飬ʲô鶼һȥ
ԷҲͨԼŬȥ׬ҵĵһͰ
ò˵һʵʵ˫Ӯ
Էòʩıԡ
æҹʩĴرĹϰָһһϸϸҽеһС㣬ҲѧӰͺСԼ˼롣
һ裬˵ԼְƬ
иҲǺ¼áҸѻŮСģʹģģûģԡ
ͦõġʩϿ뷨
Էͷţǲ֪ܲеԼġΪʱȽϽƳǸҲ쵽ʱˣвٹ˿Ͷˡ
š
κε뷨ʩʾء
ϾҲΪģʲô˼
ֻһ㣬ϣæµĹ̡
֮ǰȥǿԼǲʩҪġ
ԷЦ˵ڲûôųһһЩһæġ
ϾһôЧʶٿҲ첻һ
á
Էһ󣬸оرʣһѱסʩ˵оԼһϰһء
Ŷ
˭ϰ尡
ⲻ֪𣡣
˵أԷҧһ˵ʩģúúãҴˣҴˡ
ҵ˼ǣҪǲϰԼϰҲԵġ
ԷһߣҲ
Ҫϰ
úúáϰϰʩһִֻ˵մϰǿ˯𣿡
õģϰ塣Էϵ
ʮֹɡ
ʩºѾʼĶ
Ѿüü죬ûкúһˡ岻̫Ҫﻵˡ
ԷǵĺˣСָ֣û
ʩջһ䣬ⲻմϰͷƤҺúϢĹѽ
Ϣ壬ŲΪأ
ŶʩԭΪ˼ǲҪҶˣ
Է
ڱŷӵر仵
˵˵ҾͲˣԷ
ʩæúúãҶˣá
Է
ܾ⻰ôԾ
ʩûжء
Ҫרĵ㰡
Ķߵ٩

ͲŴ
-
֮£˶æˡ
ʩϻһѺӲٷ˿ǩ̽ϵʩ˵ǩȥǡ
ʩܾˡ
뵱ʲôǣֻһϰ塣ȥЩʵʵΡ
һ֣һ͸Ƭ˾ǩԼˡ
ʱҪǩǼҳƬ˾֣ϲǵҥΪúÿԹ˾Ǻǩġ
ܽ𲻻𣬾úÿһأҲǹ˾һ档
ֻȴ˷ǳҪһ㣬ʩòֵһ顣
֪ԼúÿΪԼֻǳúÿ
Ҳͱ˲һĵط
ҲΪʲôڳôٴγڴҰɺҫۡ
ΪԼںˡ
ĸš
ˣɺܶࡣ
ҲûзϣֱһҳƬ˾ϵʩ˵ǵֶӵĸǩ̸ˡ
˵ǰֶǰĸʱʩԥ˼ӣ˿ڣ֪ǵǸֶӣ
ЦЦ˵ԼǰĪˡ
һưǳ裬һֱæûȥˡȥʱȴֶֻѾɢˡ
ϴϵĸ裬ʱҲȫ¼ˡ
ǸֶӵԱ͸ʧһҲκӰ
ֱʩٴ¶档
˵Լĳ˾ľˣЩһֱûǵֶӳĸ衣
ûб˼ֻ룬õĸٴα֪
ԵĻ
Ƭݸʩ
ʩ˶١
սӹƬ
ңҺҵĶԱϵһ°ɣͷٸظ
¶ЦݣõģϢ


81 
һܺ, ٴްݷá
һֱڵʩϵʼûκϢû취ֻһޡ
Էдġ
ʩޡ
ʩϰôЩʧ, ƺԤ֮С
šԷͷ
Է, ǱȽε, ʵ˵ʩȥĪǡ
ƺоϣ¶ϲıʣ𣡡
Է㵽ΪֹţٵȵȰɡ
ã
ߺ, ԷʩϢ, ˵һ¾
ʩ˺һŻأ, ֪ˡҿҪȥ
á
Էûټʡ
оʩ˵ֶӵʱ, Է˵¡ԷĽ, Լġ
Ҫź
ʵ, ҲعִһЩ顣
ֶӽɢ̫æˡ
ЩһһдĸʺҲֶӵĽɢ, һʧ
ʱȥô꣬Ҳû뵽, һûʲôֶ, Ȼᱻ˼ǵá
ٴδʩĵɡ
һĪǣصȥǲսĵط
ҪҪȥҲȷ
Ͼÿ˶Լ, ÿ˶ԼҪ顣
ֻҪȷԼҪͿˡ
-
ʩ޵⼸죬Էѧģȥ⡣˵Ů, Էд˵ģ, Ŀ˲֪ĻΪʩ
ԷÿζڨЦŽ, Ҳǡ
Է
Է˭أ
ôʱԷÿζ, Ӱҵĸˡ
ûе⹫˵Ĺϵ
Ϊ±ۡ
ϾʩҲһСˡ
˵ǳƬ˾ʲôģع˾Ӱӹ˾ģ˺ü
ԡ
ʱ˭ǾǱֵĿʼ
缸;˺ܶˣ񾭹µĳԽ졣
޺;ƹݴ󲿷ÿͶΪģԷҲʼܣϲˣһ˱ϲ͹עˡ
Ҳһֱܵ͵ԼӰ쵽
ȴ͹ֻ͹Եһ档
ʩ˺ŻƵĴĹȥҲſ˳
ȥϲ˺ܸڳڹҰͬʱЩˣҲ֪ڵĴ
ʩĸĸ޵ʱܻ׿˾ͷйԼ
ԷȻûгδ򿨵ÿͣʱҲ̾޶Ů
͵ģϴҲ޷Ԥϵ顣
ֻû뵽͵ĵǸˣĵʩദһʱĻ档úܶķʽ
紫žͣմòĿ
һʱʲôܹݲؽһԶŮͬٺϡȴҲš
˱ʾ⣬ϾŮ˭ܲ
͵һ˵ֱǴ治˷ףв
ʩ⼸һֱûкͼϵÿ̶һǮǡÿζܵԶΪľǲ֪Լľַ
ΪǮ㹻ټʩҲȷ˵ˣúܺáҪʱȥԼҪȥ顣
⼸Ҳû
ʩ뿪ҵʱҲǺͼ˴һеϵʽɾˡ
ϾѪԵϵڣʩʱҲ뵽ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ɺʵ˳ͻʱǻԥѡɡ
֪ԼҲô꣬ЩҲȥˡ
ֻû뵽ǣΪ뿪Щ꣬ĸӦͨˣʶʵЩ飬ǿûõġ
ǡ
Ǳ
ҵ޺˵ʩ˵ʩڣȻ˵Է֡
ƺеϡ
Ӽһ̣ͿʼͷԵϿɶˡ
ֱ˷ף
Ŀ
ǹֲϳԼŮ˵ˣԾͰΪĹȫԷϡһǸԷŮģʹʲôֶΣǵŮģ
ס
ſھ˵˵⼸ݴǵֵ쾡¡
Էһμʩļҳ˸ʶʱʩѾᵽסˡԷʹļֻͥδ˵
ԷҲ
ʲôԼΪԼ
ڿʲôΪΪԭͥҲûбԼõȥ
ƺ⼸ûмʩϣҪΧĹԱţǶҪԷˡ
Ҹ㣬˭㲻ҪҵŮ֪ǻ˶ѪȥںˣΪҲˣǶϾϵϹȥ𣿡
㵽ʲôİ
ûг۾ûЩ˶ôǵģĸĸأҲ𣿡
ʲôãҪ˰
ʲôŲҡ

ЩеȫԷϡ
ԷͲóۣͱˣǽͣĸӦʲôġ
ԴʩߺԷעˡ
˼ûڹʲôܵĶҲûзʲôۡԷҲδϹԼƬƵ
ҲЩˣǶʩϲ
ԼÿȻҡҷˣ䣬Ӧú׷ʩ˵ѾˣкܶΪޣԷԱ֤û˼һӡ
졪
Ǹˡ
ϴʱʩúڳԷ˵ҪʩʱԷˡ֪Ǹʩľˡ
ҲǼ֮ʩȥĪˡ
Ĵţ֮ʼġ
Էϸ룬Ǹ˵ԼǳƬ˾˵ˣҪʲô
ǩʩڱصãȻһۣ⳴컰⣿˾ǩǺ󣬿۴׬һʣ
ĻΪ׬ǮĶûˡ
Էϸ˼ֻ֣Ĳ²⡣
㱻ʩĸĸԼԷûǰ
ͼλһʲôģϵˣ˵ʲôĶС
˵ģʲô᣿
أǼأǼȥˣ
ԷǰλʩѾ˰׷ʩĸҲɫ٣ȻΪЩ£ûԼ
ʩϰˣ⼸춼ڡ
ڣ
ʲôЦԶһˣΪʲôڣǲȥͨ籨ˡ㿴žͲʲôŮˣ

Էƿԡ
еĽͣú
Ҳ֪ԼʲôվͷԵرһͨҪǣˣҪ˵ĸ
㱻
Ҳҿ
Ϊʩĸĸ
ǳμ棬Էûò
񵱳ʩԼĸĸһ
ٲʩʼձǳˣҲᱣò
֣Ͳ㵽ȥʩһ绰Ͱˣ𼱻ǵ˵ϰ壬һҪӱ޵ظϻҸоҪһ̫ˣһֱԷĺܲ
ʱĪ׼sеʩȫס˵ʲô
ĸĸҵȥˣ
Էһͨ
ʩʱüͷ٣Ҫsе˷ɻ
ʱպҲϵЩۡ



82 
ԷΪԼ߹Щ͹, ѻʲô飬Ի, ǵġ
ܻΪʲô鶼ʱ, 벻һһĸĸ, ʩδĸĸ
ҪУȥǸ
ֻҪܰ鴦, ʲô, ƺץס, ۸ġ
ûиκοڵĻᡣ
, Էۡ
Լڲʹ, Լò׺, ڲҪ۵ǷǣʵҲûиκδϢĻᡣ
һж
ô
ûκηء
˿, û취οԼ˵û¡
ˣʩĸĸûоʹ˷Ź
˺, ֣׼Ե, ǿ䣬ҪϢˡ
֣һ
ͼϵʩȴֵ绰޷ͨ
, ֻðǵҪȥ
Է޷ƽԼڲʹһٺ, Ҫȥʩĸĸ˵, Զǿ͡ʩ, κӴǡ
ɵԷǸǿˣɽҰ˻࣡Ҫȥ㰡, һֱ˦ɫαҪȥأ֣Ҳȥ
Է΢΢ͷĸĸ

-
ʩӱ޸ϻ޵ʱֻ֣Ѿе鶼ϷЩ顣ʩ̫ҲҪһȥ
Ҫĸĸ㶨
û˭۸Է
ĸĸС
㵽˭ŮʩûģЩ棬ǲǾԼиĸΪһˣĸĸ˵Ļֱ治ʩĸĸһͨ顣
ҵǻȥ
ﲢӭˡ
ʩָıӣһֱڶ
ˡʩһһٵ˵ҲϿʲôڸ㡪
϶ʵҲãϳҲաҵŮѣ϶ˡҪһˡǿָˡϣǿԸҵǲûйϵ
ǽܣǺƽദ
ܲ˵ĻҲ֣Ҿ͸ԹԵġϵǮҲһģ
ʩ˵ЩʱԷվһԣͼסҪ˵ݻ
ʩȫȥ
ں
һӵ
Щһ˺òߵڣʲôԼĸûи֧֡
ֱڡ
㣡ʩѪģһֱڷʹغһȻ󵹵ءһԵʩĸæǰżæŵغ֣
-
ҽԺ
ҽüͷ΢Աߵ˵߾ô
ЩˣкȾƺͳ̵ϰߡŮ˺ۣͷء
ֱֶ֢״ô
ǵģҽ
ǲ˯Ҳá
ԡ
ʱãʱõʱ򣬿űȽõʱŭ֢״ǰɡ
š
ʱὡµ𣿡
ǵġ
Ů̲סֿ
ҽ̾˿ĿǰļߵǺܺáȾƳ̣֮ǰӦǲ֬εģҲһֱûע⡣ټϾƣ񾭺ʹԣ񾭷ҲܵӰ졣һȥ״
ҪǣͣշĺĬ֢
Ů˶վˡ
ĿǰֻǳжҪһļ顣
ҽߺ󣬳ĬĳĬ
ʩû취ڽЩ֪顣Ȼ⼸꣬ûô͸ĸϵϾѪԵϵ
һ޷ıġ
ǵ»Ƿɲ棬ʩĸĸġڶ˵ǮѾҪˡ
Ҫʵϵչˡ
ʩĸʩ˵Һ־һŮ뿪ҵ⼸꣬ʵְֵһֱáǶ֪sУ˵ʱԼһҲû˵ʲôһû취סġ
⼸ȷʵǸǲǮǰҲԼĹʰҺ֣ȱǮҷȶĹ޸˼ңԼļͥСô죬ôȥԼѰ
ʩĸƣ룬ȻЩ꣬òá
ְ⼸ƢԽԽˣ缸껹һ㡣⼸Խ䱾˼Ҷ˵û£Ůס֪͵͵һӡ
ǵѹҲǺܴġֻǴûк˵𡣡

-
ҽԺʩһֱ˵
޷ڣƺ˲ʧȥ˱
ļļͥһֱĽġΪĸڣҾֻһСõĶˡǼһʼϲϰģʱݵĹʲʮǮһ졣
һСʱĿΣԵһĹʡ
ЩܲĽ
ټҲƯƤְף޵ģ˼˰ݼҵСƤƾһӪӡ
ģá
Ǽϲ佱
ϴѧ˶Ŀ佱ٲˡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ϴѧҵȻһ˶·
뿪Լļ磬Уⴴҵ
ȫ˼˵ĿһŮѡ
ΪŮѣͼԡ
Щʩĸ˵ʱʩԼĺʲôסˡ
޷
˵Ҫߣĸ֣˵Ůһ˲еġ㲻Ҫߣòá衣
ʩ΢١
Է
ͺ¡
ԷȦ΢죬ʩĸ˵ĸǲߣǻȥõ㶫ٹҽԺʲôûУ϶ҪסԺġ
һǿļ
ʩĸˣӰĸǸ㲮Ǹ˵ʱͨϡʹˣö飬Ѿ˵˼ˡ
ʩĸûаѻ̬ȣԷԽܵġ
ҲǶһϿɰɡ
Էֻô롣
޵·ϣʩһֱĬ
ԷҲûпһ⣬顣
ǰͣ£˻˷䡣
մ򿪷ţʩûסڵϿˡ
֪Լ޵ʲô
˿⣬֪Ӧôˡ
ǰܾãȻһ·ˣȻòϿɣԶһ㣬Ǯ
ڡ
ƺЩǣǮԽġ
ѪԵϵʡ
Ҵ𣿡ʩ޺ۡ
˷ǳ
ԷҲſǵģûдǶûд
Ϊʲôоʹడ
ԷձҵҲʲô
ڸĸһ飬ԼҲǴ߰㡣
Լǿһ㡣
ڵҲۡ
졣
Էһβͨһ˵ĵ绰
ΪֻǸˣſ԰ǡ
Ҳֻ
ٴθ


83 
ڽӵ绰ĵ, ʹӹɻˡ
Է绰ǵмַġȻԼһָо, ԼǺ׽
ҲǺһֱû޵ԭ֮һ, ֪ԷԼ
, Ϊʩ飬æ
˵ڽ㣬ԷⱲûʲôˡҲ֪, ԼޡΪ, Ըͷ, ڽ, ֻҪ԰ﵽ, ʲô, ҶԸ⡣
ڶ˶٣뿪Ц˵뿪ʩ, 㶼Ը⣿
á
Էûӻ
ԥˡ
ЦЦ, ҿЦء֪, ȥ
лл㰡ڽ㡣ĵĸл
Ȼ˵ĻǺܸܶ࣬о, ʱ˶ľġ
ݸ
С, ֪Ӧô, ֻ, Ҵ绰£ʩ֪𣿡
ʲô鶼Ը鷳Լ, ǲѡ
Էʵ֪
ã֪ˡʱȲҪҺܿͻȥġܷʲô飬Ҫżһġ
á
绰Ҷϡ
Էٴκۡ
µĹȻû
ڶʩĸ鲻һ㡣
ԷȲԾԴԼ޺ҲûޡеһУǸйصġ
Էʶ
ǸʩƾеǸ˰ɣܸʩԼⱲӿܶû취Ķ
ԷܶŬӵеġ
ȨǮһóһˡ
ԷԷ
һСѡ
һʲôûеСѡ
-
ûڣٴγʩĸǰʱʩ˺üӵʱ䡣
ˣ⡣
ȻأЦ˵ҵȻҪһ£㵽ûкúðҹͶʵЩĿѽ
ʩһۡ
Ŷ
Ц
ʩ֪һû²޵ģɹ⣬ϰ˹еڷ̫ˣԴʶʩ󣬾ͰԼͶʵĿ󲿷ֶתʩ
֪ʩ˿ףԺܷ
ʱӹһЩ飬ѡס죬ԴԷ޺󣬺ںϵˡ
ϵ˺ܶࡣ
ǿڶʲô
֮ĲԾֻҪһܲҶȥ˵ġ
θպԼ¶ɾͻˡ
ʩôˣҲ˽ô꣬Լİô١
λáʩһʡ
һ⣺顣
ʩˡ
˼ǣΪʲôʵ˵ɡ
Ҳ֪Լݼ׾ӣֻҪһѣͲȥ۾
ôˣԷô᲻˽Լ
ڸԼԲ
ʩû˵
߰ɡ˵
ʩʣȥĶ
ڿֱԵȥҽԺ֪ôҲ֪ôʡ

Ҳô֪ġڿٽӹҲЩֻ꣬Ҫǹ飬ܰﵽĵطᾡ
ԡ
ҲһҲҪʲôѹ˵ޣӦҪѵҪѡҲԸΪġ
-
ʩ֪ӦȥԼ˿̵飬ֻ֪ԼǷڵ̫̫࣬ˡ
ԼһУµһ
Ƿģôû취ġ
ȴãЩС¡
˵ҲҪң˵ҿ飬Żȥ飬ֵġ
ʩô᲻
ھưʶԼȻ飬Ҳ㵽Ϊֹ
Ӳǿ
ҲʩΪʲôԸѵԭ֮һΪԼܺãһǳȤˡԼ뷨ܺãȴδΪԼͥãԼ߸ϡ
෴ܵ͵
ҪǱ۸ͷˣǲ˼ͻԼǡ
ʩʶ⼸꣬Ǻġ
ҲΪʩžùȥ͹ȵǶʱ䣬ûôѰʩҲᾡܵȥİ
ǡ
Щʣôġ
-
ҳ̵飬ʩʵڲ֪Ӧô
ȴᳵ·
ʩĸת˽ҽԺרչĻԼһ͵רҵӪʦҲʩĸҽԺľƵ꣬ûµʱ򣬲ҪҽԺ
ʩĸ˵ĻӪʦרҵģǻܺõչ˲ˡ
ĳ֣ʩĸ۾ȫ˱ˡĵ
Ư˵»ܵ
ʩҲڵסˡ
վǰʮ˵ȥ飬ǾʱȲҪȥ׷ˡڵĵ֮Ǵòֵ⡣
Ҳʩĸĸ֤ŮĲᶪ¸ĸܵġ
ĸҲҪŮģҲҪŬϰ๤˭žǮġŮҲӦҪԼ⣬ⲻˣԿֻиĸ
Ů
һʩĸ˵ඥ
̫ͬˣʩŮС˼ϸ壬˺ܶ飬ֻϲϲ˵
̹ϵظ߸ĸȥҵʱ¶ֳһֻ֧֣һ佱ϿɵĻ˵Ҳںü궼ؼҡ
ûС
Ǻͼ˳ͻҵÿ궼Ǯ
ÿζ˵ûõġʵѾʾˣĸӣ˵Ŀһֱȥ
һֱŮơ
ʩĸ뵽Щʱ򣬳˿޻ǿޡ
ڰĸҲŮЩʩһ⣬ĺòã˵áϵһ⣬ô᲻ءֺγΪǣƴŬҪõǵϿɣֻǵͷ
Щһͦȥ£ĸǲ֪ġͲôҲ֪ʩΨһŮѽ
ڲ״ʩʩ˵ܣﻹǻᵣĵġҪȻҲæ

˵˺ܶ࣬ȫǷĵķθ֮ԡ
ʩĸô᲻֪ҽԺžͺһ˿סġ
ߺ͵͵ʩʣʲôͷ
ʩû˵ʵԸо׻ĸף񶼲ʼsʱܻˡ
ǿʼãһԣͼǣ簴ǵ˼
ʩû뵽ġ
ΪԼĸĸǲζʲô鶼ˡһΣʶʵԼĸĸҲԸԼԵ
Ϊûʲôô
ϾֻһŮ
ҪǣⱲӺûܹĴ
˿סõҽԺüϣҲչ˵úܺáҪǣǸܵ˱ĸо
Ҷߺʩĸʩϲ̸
Լɷ˵ⱲӣΪңҲһûϢʲôΪҾһŮڣԼġЩνݣаǼһǲҪǼҰæܺˡ
ΪЩǺĹϵΪǼҺðǰͲǸⱲӶû˸ϣǾֻ˵ݹôûжӡ
ѾܹˣЩʮĻ𣿡
ǸֵôɿϾϵĵزˣĸǿϷӣsУС˵־ģû𣿡
˼ҲʶŮһѵҲΪ
ʩƽǰҶ㺢֣뺰֣㡣˰ܶ飬Աô˵Ǿ͵ôġӶԼڹ治ֻԼ֪
⼸꣬𣿡


84 
ʩƽ
֪Ӧôء
Щ, ٺ̹ԡԴŮ뿪ҺҪӦΪɣ顣ҪŶ, ͻֵرꡣ
, ܻ
ֳĲͷ, ŲҲС
֮ʲôǲԵģ˵ĲǶԵġڻ, ȫϡ
簮Լĺ, ûнԼĺ, Ե, ӸǵĻ
ҳߡ
˵˼, ͵͵ȥһӡ
ô, ֻһŮ
ʩĸ಻ԡ
һ˵ļ
ΪʲôҪ͵͵ȥһӣ˿붼סЩȴ˵ɡ
͵͵ȥһͺ, ѵֲǸӻȥɣ
ôͣ˽
, ˵˲֪ˡ
ʼչȥ
ֻҪҳκһ, ׷ݵûһͷϡ

˺ܾá
ʩĸԼίȫ¶
˵ʵŮϲŮҲûдɣ
СһԼ뷨Ů, Ҫȥʲôϰ࣬˼Ҹϲ, ͵͵ȥѧˡ
, 㿴Լ, Ϊһˣ˵׬ǮҰ, ҲûбȥҲûҪְнЩ˵Ӧ꣬ôӦ𣿡
ҲҪϰ࣬°󣬻صһҪչһ˵ӡұԹʲôûаɡ
һΣһҲһ˹øڡ
ҪŮĻҲˣһˣİ˺ѡ
ɷӰ𣿡
ʩĸһʩ˳˼
ûпǹЩͥģʽ
⣬Ůڡ
ǰ
˵⣬ŮڣΪŮˣһҪ׬Ǯҡ
ʩһǿʶûȥڼҰǰͺ˵ҿ㣡
ǰʩĸЦЦҡ
ԼӶϴˣʲôҰΪһ䣬ûӣûϿˣͰе鶼ҵͷϡ
ĻҲ˵ˣڴϣҪϡҪǰͷƢʲôڱ˵ϣûǷġ
ҲôˣϣԼ
-
Ϊʩĸĸı䣬ʩҲת䡣
ʼźԼĸ׽ģʵ֧ѧרҵȥѧ֣Ҳĸȵͷ
ֻʩܵؽĸĸΪһӪˣԵʱͷʲôƲס˵
ʩĸҲŮˡ
Сʩչˣ˵ǾľҲûпʲôԼĲһ㣬ҲҪԼŮõġ
ʩô᲻֪ء
Ҳʩ뿪ĪǣҲҪǮһԭ
ĸ֮
λǲģҲĪˡ⼸ʮˡסһǳʲôҾͳʲôҲ԰Ҳްǵġ
ֻҪҪ衣
ʩĺ˹ʳһ仰裬𣿡÷ĪӵеһУһİĳ
ʩĸۣ֪֪Ůһ˻ûмҵġ
ʩһ
ĸ״δ˵λܹίһԵˣǵͷԼ顣
ʩͷµԸһԭܵӰ졣
ǰûлؼң㶼ǸˣҲȥˡûʲôġô꣬Ҳˡ
ʩ֪顣
ĸ״δǰԹһ䣬˵ЩǷǷǡ
Ҳ˵ˣҲԼŮˡܻʹҲӦҪԼ顣
ǸҾãסرϲ
ǣҲϲǰתԺǸͦϲġȻѡŮǰɣҲͦõġ
嶯˵ĻҲǸˡ
費ûܹĻˣֻǣҲҪһĹ̡
軹޻оƹݶŪúܲҲģҲϲһҵһá
ʩЩʱ˲
Ŭô꣬ܶ˵ϿɣûʲôоΨ˵Ͽʱ̲סޡ
Ϊû顣
лл衣
ĸŮʱܶ꣬һӵ
ʩģϿˣϿˣ
-
һܺ󡪡
ʩѾԳԺˣʩҲһȥˡ
Աһǰֺʩڵǵǰ˵ڳԺСʩһȥİɣ
ʩͷأһͻȥģҵҵߣҪġ
Ŷ
Ҫ棬ҲỶӭҪͲ޷ܡȻʩ̬ȺǿӲ˵Ա֮ǰҲı˲١
ȻؼҰɣȻؼҡʩĸһԲ
-
sлĪǣĸСʱĳ̡
ںܰسŸ裬ʩʩڸʻʩĸԷںš
һ·ʩĸ˷ܣһԷǼĪתԴȥʺڣʲô
æ
һ첻ͣЪ
ʩǰôûǸ밡ھ͸һʲô档
ʵʩʵȥˣϽֹ裬ˣ裬ʵ̫ˣ
˼˽ʵģ
Ͳ֤ţͥסַˡ
ðɣҾáʩĸԱСòĸʵĶ𣿡
࣬ġĸ
˵డ

ʩ
ǲܣСҿŶͦ˳۵ġ
ʩһԽˮ㿴źãֲҵġ˳ʲôá
ôǼҵˣʩĸüһǼϱһŮǲǼҵ𣿡
õͦҲʿ˼ԸⲻԸ⡣
⣬һʺ˵
衪
ʩʾԼĲ
˺ˣҲ˵Ҳ˵ʩĸЦţԼ飬ԼţԼš
ʩ
Է
ڣ
˵磬Ȼͷ׶ʡ
-
˳ִĪǵĵĪǵǼƵԵ͡
ǼƵǺڵһѿģ֪ҪĪǣ׼硣
ôһų
ʩˡ
طĪǴ˴뱲ˣûѣ
ȴɡ
ڻ˵ǼƵ⣬зزҵͶʡ̣ҵ鲼ȫء
˸ǰҫԼʩĸĸʱ˵Խŵ˵
Ҫ֪ŮкǿӲĺܺ
Ҳ죬ԷٴθܵԼǵĺֹ䰡
һ
ѹסԼıŤȥϵģԣӦ֪ġ
š
-
ĪǻԷóĬԡ
ס˼󣬴ȥϺ
뿪죬ʩȥ͵ġ
Է˵屧ûš

ʩûлޡ
ԷһֱڵûκѶ
绰Ҳ޷ͨ״̬ԷĿһ¡
֪ԼӦ롣
ǡ
û취סԼ


85 
Է˵绰, ֻһ˱
۵˲䣬ой̵Ữ, Լ
ô뷨Ͳ²⡣
ԼҲ֪ӦҪôס뷨, Լٴ˱Ť, ȥֲе顣
ôȥ²ء
Է޵Ժ˯š
ȴһֱֻֻµʱԼ˯ȥ, ʩҪǸص绰, 
һ, ü, ȫȻѡ
ֻûһ绰, ûһϢ
-
Էйһʱ, Ҳ˵ʧߣҲ˯, ûһͻõĻ˯, õĻ, һֱû취˯
۵
Էһ϶ûô˯Ҳ˯š
ûȥʩĵ绰һβͨ, ٴǲͨĻ, ûбҪˡ
Ҫϵ, ôϵ, ġ
ûǸ˼ˣôûá
ԷѾһ, ҲӦ׵ġ
ʲôûʣʲôҲû˵
ܰȥԼ飬գȥ޵ķ羰ں衣ԼͼԼжط
ûкڣ鲻ô˳ġ
ϴǼҵ飬棬Ҳôޡ
Ķ˰
Ҳһֱվʩ˰
Էһֱ˵Լ˵Ȼһͷ֮ʲôĿܣҪ˳ȫˡ
ԷҲ֪ԼΪʲôһͷһ̣Ȼͦɵġ
ԲǵԼʲôˡ
-
ʩڵڶϲŴص޵ģ뿪޺ʧһ졣
ʮĸСʱûкԷϵ
ԷҲϵѡ˳Ĭ
ĵǸʱԷ侲ػûϵģҽҲæûʱ俴ֻôڽϺûô
ʩСػأţȥϺǱߴһЩ顣ԷԴҴ
ô죬ѵùȥһˡеǷǳƽؽˡ
ķӦʩò㲻ô
Էһ˿Цݣʲôѽ
ûǰ˵ȥϺ
ǲ֮еô
ԷҡҡͷҲԼ뷨ѽȻʲô鶼ҡ
ʩ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô־ûбҪ
еˣȥ˯ˡԷЦ˵
ʩͷʾ֪ˡ
ʱѾͦˡӸϨ𣬾ԷˡŵһʱͣԼһδԭɡ
û뵽Է⡣
Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
Ϳͦʱĳеƣ룬Ҳ֪ԷƢԣҪǲ˵ĻԼ˵ٶ඼ûá侲ȻԼȥ˵
֪ǣԷһ졣
ûϵһڵϢ
ʩһֱæŵæˣٸϵǵȥ
֮ǰæʱҲġ
ΪҲһ
û뵽κǵġ
ԷˣȻʲôҲû˵˸оÿһζҪøһЩ
-
ԷĻˣһֱæԼ飬Ҳȥճʩˡ
ʩԼҲæ
޵Ƭ⣬ԷĵӡӰҲز죬ԷҲ˼ˣŮͬ׶εŮС
ÿ˶Ŭع
Ϊ׬ǮԷԼ˻ģΪ죬Էһ򡣰ĺͻױͺڳƬһ𣬶ǧҪǸôߵļ۸ԷŲԳ֡
ԴӹҳԷ̬˼͸ǰ̫һˡ
ǰϲӰΪȰϲҪҵʲôڸǵһ׬ǮĹݹܶǮ
Ϊ˿׬ܶǮҲȥ顣
Ϊ⣬ʱ벻顣羰Ҳģûʱ䡣
ģգĿǰ˵Ǯķʽֻƴ׬ǮſоԼеȥ
ûлʮ
ʼվû취̧ͷȥԼ
һµʱ䣬ԷùԼ
æµΧûиκδϢʱͿռ䣬֣ȥˣһֱȰ˵ҪôƴϢʱҪϢ
˵ã˻ᣬȥæˡ
Ҳ˵ʩ˰ɣڶ֮ǰһԷһ˯޻˵
ͻȻĳһ죬Ҳ֪ĸڳ⣬ͻȻϲˡ
ԷæΪɣҪôģҪôڷƬ
Ǹ¹Ҳȴæµҵߴʮ⻹һճĹҰ
Էû׬ôǮ֮ǰǸ˺Ҳ˿ƬҲͼǧѡ
ҲԸܸߵļ۸ԤԼĸģԼյ㡣⾰㣬ҲԤԼ
Էû뵽һôߣôߵҵ
ȻѾˣΪʲôܺúץסء
Էı֮ǰ뷨ֻҪ׬Ǯģʲôӡ
Ǯһ̾ܵġ
ԵһŴǮʩĸǰ˵飬㿴Ȼڽ㣬ȰҴţȵʮʱһ
ʩ˰ʲô˼
˿һˣóһǮĿ
ʩס
׬ǮôҪ
ҪԺߵˣԺԼ塣
Ŭ׬ǮԷڡ
ʩеˣ׬Ǯûȥ׬
ǣҳ˿ƴ׬Ǯ⣬Ҳ֪ԼЩʲô
Է̧ͷ
һʩδڡ
һµʱ䣬ԷӶµġ
ÿص䣬˯ûж˼ȥ˼롣Ķǣ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ
˵Ǯܵġ
ûǮһܵġ
ܽ͸ĸ֮ĹϵҲ޷ƽνܹϵʲôԡԼҲûе
кܶడ𴲺󿴿ճȥ׽ЩȻȥƹһǲǰϲ𣿡
ôڣ
Է
Է
sУһʲôһԵġʲôԼšҪʲôأ
˵⻰ʱԷ͵̧ͷѵҪʲô𣿡
ʲô鶼԰һķǳ
ʲôˡ
ֻޡ
ʩסӣԷҵҪôſԶһ㡣ҵҪô˵ſţҪ㡣Ҫҵߡ
ǳκˣû취ġ
ҵҪ˵飬ſҡ
ԷǿرԲ𡣡
Ҳû취ȥ롣
֪ǲԵģҲҪãԼȥ롣
Բʩ
ʩֵʱʩһš
ۿ˲ˣԷ˵Ҿܸʺ㡣
ûǸҲûа취ȥΪԼһֱߡʲôûУûûбûǮ
û
Ҳá
ҪȻǾɡ



86 
Ҳͬ, ҲɣҲΪ֮⣬ӦΪǮԷ˵ķ, ʩܾܡ
Ϊ, ֻҪమ, Щ⡣
һȥЩʵġ
Է˵˵ιϵоѹرʱ̲סض, ΢һ紵ݶò֪Ӧô졣
, һۡ
ټȥĻ, ÿ춼Լ, Ҿʲô
ԷҲԼԼ뷨
ʩĬ
, ʩ, Ƕ侲һ°ɣ˴һռ䡣ٺúһ롣
ԷûӦ
, 뿪
-
һ£Էæ׬Ǯ, ûʱȥ, Ҳȥģʩ߳ʲôˣǲǱ, ǲǸʩ䡣ֻҪ˺ԼͿˡ
˸һǶʱ䣬ȻǸоʩϲͰ
ÿε˵Ĺϵһʱ, ͻԼû, ʩûʲôҪ, ˳
ǶԷԼ˵ûǸ
ΪҪվʩ, ŬŬʵһ˫ε֣ߡ
ʲô飬ûôò
üþȫ񶼲ˡ
ԷоԼԱ
ط񶨺Լúʹࡣ
ԼʩദٿģΪԱúܲҪŬ׬Ǯ⣬벻ʲôİ취ǰùһЩ
Ŭ̫ˡ
Ҳ룬ҲܳΪʩİʯԼо˺ڶϲǸʺվʩԵˡ
⻰Էûпڸʩ
һƺ۸֣
֣ȫû뵽˿׷ԷôÿѧߣĳܺÿƬȻԱ
ʩϰô
ôоԱԼ䲻ء
Է˵ҰʱԼʲôҲء
죬ԷʩĹϵͣҪһȻʩϾܾĹϵͣԷڹʱ¶棬ʱ򣬻϶Ӵ
֣ȲԾԴӴϴʩĸĸߺ;òԾˡʱû˸оİһ
˶ҹ£֣Ҳ֪Ҳ˵壬ֻԼ
ʱҲ̫˰ɣ
֣һﲻסƢԣôãûкͺõĶҲ߶ʮһֱžȥˡ
Է򿪷ź󣬼⡣ƽʩ⣬ûʲô˻š
ǣԷһƿƣڡ
֣һû𣬵ȻȾˡ
˵㲻ȾƵİ
Է
Ǽǵĳ˲Ⱦơ
ȾҲֻȹӾơ
¶ߣ
ҲܣҺ
ԷҲеķΪԼʩԼԲù˼ô࣬ȫĵͶӵȥ׬Ǯ˺һĳϰߣĳͻȻϵʱ򣬻ÿġ
ĳ˯һʱ򣬻˲䣬оΧܿա
¶˲佫Χ
ԷΪԼϰĹ¶ϾȥǼһͦġ
ĳ˲䣬ȻʶȥͦȥΪûӵйӵйĳָоû취ȴˡ
֣ԹԽ˷ţݺҲô࣬ЬӣһƨߣͿʼơ
ʩϰ尡ģǶԸ⿴ӡ
Էͷô˰
֣һۣԭغͺвС
Է
Լӹͦû˼𣿡
ԷɣͦõôÿӰôæһֱ׬Ǯôء£ǹ˵ٴѼءʱǳԴͰ
֣
ҳԴ͵Ŷأֲ㡣Ҫ롣
Էü֣Ůʿҵͦæ
Ǹ㿪Ц
һƵݸԷ
ԥ˼ӣȻӹһ
䱭
ָ֣ˡ
֣ͻȻۡ
һС˵ԷʵĽġ
ԷžƱ֣˶١
ʣҸĽˡ
Էһֱ֪Լˣʮ꣬ûʩĻܻῼĪڵһҵԼϲ顣
ܶڣûиʩط꣬ҲһĹϵˮС
û취оֺɡ
һжΪˣһıһ˵ˡ
֪ԼҲŬӵеһУкܶҲԼȡġԷĺܰġ
ǶͨŮûԺյҲûĵֻһһǰߡԣͦһֱʩϰġ
ΪǶǷǳõˣҪҸ
֣޺ۡ
Էû뵽ȻԼ˵ĵĻһٵؿ϶Լ

ʵô꣬һֱϳԼȱԱСΪֻҪԼ˵Щ鶼һ֪ܺãҲܺáǣĳ˲䣬һĺãεѹҺԼãԼվߡãĺõˣӦҪиõߡҡ
ԣһںġԼôãңӦؾãʲô鶼ӦҪ˵˵ĻһرûаȫСҲһ˵ĸо̫ˡ
ȻҾͼȥԼİķʽ
Է˵˵ţҲۡ
Ե˵ΪһİãһȥԼ顣ǡ
Ҵˡ
ԭĴǿȥԡ
֣۵ر˱
ӵʩ²һ
ɵѽŬûģǧҪ͸֧ԼܶǼġ
š
-
֪˶ٱ
ԷʵƽҲܺȵģ֪ʲô£ûȶ٣͸оˡ
֣ҲȵЩΡ
˵ȥϸԷЦŸָָſȥɡ
֪ߡ
úúã֪
Է֪ǣ˵ȥϸĳˣ뿪󣬺ûٻˡ
Էһֱڵ
֪˶ãڻˡ
һģԷſڴϣвôġ
ߡ
˵֪ء
ⲻǻܵĵطȥˡ
ֱ˵ǰὫʱǹϤζ˲Ǽ⣬ʶλˣ֣
Ҫѿ
ǰ˸ûᡣ
Էǰ˺ס
Էͼѣšſҡ
š
Ҳš
Է˼£ǰ̫ˣر
ҪңҲҪ˵Ҫٴ뿪ңòáǰ˴˵
Է˵ƣСҲˣ㻹֪ȥϺϺ¡ʲôʲôõġ


87 
ôŨĴζ, ʩƽ飬δҲ̫Щֻ֮ǰȥļ죬Էһֱ˵û, ر, ˷ֿ顣
ʩԼҲƵúܡ
ֱڡ
ʩ֪, Լһ졣Լʲôû˵ʩô˵ȥ
ʩԼҲ, ûȥ
ôʱ, ԷԼҲر, ػ, ƫƫôÿҹ˾ʱ, ͻرԷ
Է˵˵, 졣
ʩ֪⣬Ҳ˵顣
ûиԷ˵ʵ, ֻ˵ȥһϺ, Ϊ֪Ҫô˵, ԾŴϺٸ˵
ΪҸо㲻;ٸ˵, ϶Ӳġ
Էһѡʲô˵¡
ԼеԼһܡ
ʩ, ȵϢĲӴ, , ǹΪ֮кܶ໰, ĻҪ˵Ҳ֪ԸԸ
𣿡Էⷴһ䡣
ʩûٻһ¡
ǵûһᣬԷѾмܿʼˣ̫еˡ
Է̲סؽһš
ϸһʩ롣
һԷòûȴ޴ɶ㡣
֮ǰеǰ취ԹͶ
ȻӲҪ´λҵôãҿɾͰˡ˯ߡ
ߡ
룬ҲԷ
ֱŤӣÿתߣֺ˼롣
ÿ춼æۣ۾Ѿʼˣ˯һ룬Īѡ
Կһˣֿ޵įУٴߡ
ԺҲ׼÷˵£֪ģǲͬġʩ̬ȱƶ
Էѧ֮ǰĶҧҧ촽ߣ㶼ˣƾʲôͬ⡣
Ҿǲͬ⡣ҿԵǸҿǵòܵҵڶɻˡ
Ŷ
ġ
Ϻ𣿡ûţҲæʱ䣬
ԷҲûôʵһ߷ʣҲߡ
ϣ˭ҲŹ˭
ھƾĴ̼£ԷĵӱȹÿһζҪ
ʩòֱһ仵ˡ
òءԷӦⴭôءִսĶʡ
ûĵطﶼ档ʩҲʹ˻ˣӭϡ
Ŷʩϰȥ档
˵꣬ԷҧĶġ
ʩʣ˵ڻǡ
ôڰ
æţȥ
Էûĳ˰ʾ˼ֱӻ˾䣺ȻǽԺ󰡡
ûҵ˼
ţ
ôûˡ
Էûס
ʩ޿κε̾˿ôôһ룬Էڿˡ
ʩһѱ
ϤĻʱԷڷӦʵǾڻǵ˼ˣ
Լú룬ȥ
档
֣ʩϳԷһ
Է˵ߵૣţ
û뵽𣿡
ոôò
ôڲ˵ˡ
Էʱ
ˣ
ĺܻ
ûһᣬֻʣ±˴ĺ

-
ԷҲ̹ȻʩǰԼʵеԱΪʲôڡ
ҲǼʺڽ˼Ǿĺ㣬ҼҾҲáⱲӶ޷ġһãƺʡ
ԡ
ͱܵػ
ɵϡʩסҪǸʲôϵ𣿡
ҪпܵĻһˡ
ôᵽڣѹϵ
Է죺ô֪
ϴôʶģԼô᲻롣
Ҿ¸㣬롣
ԷҲŲء
ʩһ㿴ɵı顣
ԷڨЦôʶģΪʲôôð
Ҫ
ǲȻأ
ʩ˶٣ʵأھưɡ
ţ
Է񶼱ˡ
ʩɣҶ˵㣬롣
Էûж롣
ʩ˵ûС
һɡԷҧҧ촽ʶĺַܶʽȷʵû뵽һ㡣
Էͷ˼ӵʱתԼ̬˵˵̡û˼ǵغ棬ôھưʶȻΪʲôôá
ʩͻȻͷ
֪ԼӦøġ
˵˵˵
ʩ
ˣֲ˵ˣ϶еʲô
ʩ
㿴㲻ͷˣ϶ǲˡ
Ϸ
ߣ˵Ϸҳѡ

죬ʩ˵Լھưʶ⣬κû˵
ΪֻԼ֪ʶǶ£жôĲڣΪǶӵĲŻҪһѡ
Զʩ˵Ⱳӻһֱлˡ
Զκ飬ͦ
ԷҲںٴμʱ򣬲֪ԭʩϸԼʶϸڣΪ֮ʲô˵
Ҳ֪ȥǼôȹǶֻһ˵¡
ΪѾȥˡ
²Ҫġ
֮ǰֶ˵ҲʩĴ£еһڸǡ
ǸȥƵȷʵǸʩֶľ˷ȥġʵҲǳǩֶ֧ӣֻǿʩòҪⷢӣǹ˾ۡ
˲̽һ£û뵽ʩȻ档
ȥĪǻҲǲһ㣬ʩ˵ȥĶԱһ𸴳ˡ
ֻǺ۷ͣʩĸĸҲ֪ǵ飬ôһڣʩҲûʲôȥֶӵˡ
ȥһ飬ŷһ㱻ˡʩȥϺʵȥ棬
Ǹνľˣ˵ԼǰĪǣڶsУûǵĹ˾ʵϺ
һΪɾֹ˾ʵԺƵֶΣǩͬǸ˾˵ˣ챻ʱѹե
еɫŮӱƭΪʵԱΣǱɻĹˡ
ÿ춼ڲֱͣ
˵ˣ˵һǳݳ޵顣ǱʱϴԺͰװΪ˾档Ҫиõķչ͵üҡײƭ
ʩ۵ƸߵǸˣʵ컰⣬Ϊǹ˾ȥ档
һУʶơ
һȥģΪ֪˵Ҫߣʩǿ϶͡죬Էûиһȥʹأھ͸ʩ˵ȥ
ʩʱĺ⣬Ҳܵ䡣
Ϊû뵽ȰȥЦû뵽Ȼҡˡ
ټĶѣһһĪǡ
û뵽Ȼһƭ֡
ʵܡ
رܡ
ܵһжܿЦܿЦҲܿЦ
ڲŻҪҪһȥһϺռ֤ݣȻͿˡֶӲиѧԺĸ߲ÿ԰ӽҲˣµϵ
ҾüȻ鷢ˣǾҪȥԡ
ҲûǸʲô
һУԷ֪


88 
Ƕ̶̵ļʱ, ھͰе鶼ˡԷʩֱŤʱеĲõ飬ڶǽˡҴͷβ, ûȥ˵ʲô
ܶ, ʩ
Ե֪ԷΪʩĹϵڳԴ׵ʱ, һ޷ݵĸо
ԼԷ
뵥̸̸ʱ׼ӷԺʱ͸ˣҪǽ, ֮ٷʲô, Ҳû취ȥ, ܼʱĸϻˡ
, ϣ, ĹϵΪ¼ɡ
Ϊ˵, ֻϣʩúáʩԭûκ鷢
, ڲ
Էʱеûеģһֱͷ, ڸʵ˵, ǰϲʩͿˣ԰ɡ
ôء
̫, Ҳǽŵˣǳף, ûκε
˵Щʱ, Է͵̧ͷ
ƺܾ, Ȼ̹Ȼسˡ
㲻ǶоҲûʲôصѽúܵȻĿ˵˵ʲôһ̹Ȼ
ҡ
ĺˡ
ûмǱ۵ʩ, Ҳûѵʱߡֻǳֵıһ㣬ȻеһУõǲ֣ȫ㡪
촽֪˺֮䣬ǿġֻилֻиж㣬ȴһСֱܵܣǲġںܾǰѾ֪ˡֻԼһֱţΪʱԸıܶණΪԵؾ쳤ΪŬŬ˵һжпܡ
չһ
ʵ죬һʩȥϺҲһΣҪȡܼܲѵߣ֪ΪϵЩǲȥġ
ȥϺΪҪ塣
죬ڰʩȥϺ飬ȥȫԷ˵ˣ˵󣬺ڿЦ԰һֱˣǰģֿܰࡣ
㰡Щõ飬ʩȫ㱳ˡʱ룬Һ㵽ײˡҲƯ𣿻Ҽͥðʲôܺðǡ
Ƕûо
ڴʼʶʩʱ֪ǾԲܵġʩϲֿ֣Ȼû˵ԼжһֱѺҪԶһ㡣
ں˵СҪõĶûеòġһֱѵߣһֱԼС˼
֪ʩҪԼȻһȦԼߡ
õжذģţһ죬ʩˣҲһַʽߡ
Զһ룬ǲǽҲµĿܡ
ǡ
ûеһ졣
һԷŮ
ʩķ￴ŮĿαǵûĻǸϲĿαдľ֡
ʱڻ⣬ôŸеĿα
ǸαдֻԼ֣ڱ˾䣬ǵʱʩԷǳȻĿǻأó˰ɣһֱˣҲ̫ǵˡ
ǿ̫Ȼˣںڸûһȥ롣
ںܶȻʶǸֶʩҪԡҲһδεļ֤ˣˣվˡ
ٶ࣬ٺãʼնǸ䵱еˣԡ
ֻѡ˳ֻ˳Ҳ˳
Է֪
Щ֪
Ȼ֪˰Щ꣬ô֪㵱ʱôݣеϵʽɾˡôҸ㣬һֱû㣬㡣
á
Է˵һֱΪǰҵġ
ôܻ㰡š
ǰ
Է˵˵ĳʶȻû˵ܶϸ֦ĩڣЦЦ˵ðԼڷʩԷҲܺðϿɡ
ʮңʱ⡣
ᱧ˱˵ɵϣʱΪԼ⣬ڱůΪĳ֣ҲԸ⿪ں˵ܶ顣
ʩʹûи˵øĻʼպһľ롣
Ȼ˵ĹϵܺãԽ
ôоء
ԺǼĻԽԽ١ҪԺʲô飬ҿܺټʱˡҺܿģҿԸǰЩҴ绰Һܿĵģ԰ﵽʩƽܲ鷳ҵ飬ҡ
Ҳ֪ҳֵĴˣʶԵġû뵽ô졣
ٿء
Է档
ͻȻѹΪԣʩʧȥһܺõѡ
ԷҲܲϲ
ΪζŲ֪ʲôʱٴμ棬ζŷֿζ̫Ĳȷԡ
޷⡣
ԷʵһֱԼֻԼûʶҲҪʩʩһ㣬Ϊĺ㡣Ҳֻ㣬ſоʻ
ⷬԷױסˡ
лл㰡ڽ㡣ҺܿģҲˣԼ㡣ܹٴκʩط꣬Ҳû飬֪ԼڻûдﵽԤֵǣһŬġ
ڴ֮иĿܡ
á
-
ԷоԼϵİ˺ܶࡣ
һЩԼĶҲϿԼҲΧ˱
һ̣ʼеĺĿⶼع鵽Լϡ
һθʱ󷽷˵ԼҪա
һ麣ߵա
ΪѾȷҪ뿪sеˡ
ĩҲûмˣԷһƬҲһ
𣿡ܾȡ
Էͷ϶ȻѽһûиĹƬأģռԵġ
ǸҸۣ
շѵģ
Էæ˵
ô˼
ΪҪգԣšԷܳϿҵ˵
̹Ȼֱӵ
ڵͷ
ʾͬˡ
-
֮ǰ˻졣
˵ϴգһء
𣿡
ţ͵͵ģǰ
ʱպʩʶ
СͲϲգΪ⣬ҪֳϣҪʲôġ
ھưɣڵһμʩ˫۸û취뿪ǰֻɷһš
̨ϣȺ
ʩ˵ʲôѶյĸǰ˵Դײһ¡
ΪСײһ°ɣѾȫݽȥˡ
ںܶԺû취ȴ
ԺеĿΪײĶļӡ
-
뿪sе죬ǴԼһȥġ
֮ǰÿ뿪ԸַʽĥӲʩȥʵжһദռ䡣װ򶨣ʵﲻ֪˷ܡ
ֻһֱԼʩ֪Ϊ㴰ֽһͱƵĻ֮Ѷû취ˡ
ڡ
ʩԷִҪȥΪ֪һȥҲпһΡ
ԷԼĺõգװ÷ĺݸڽ㣬ϣϲ
ڿ˲ۡ
ȱ˱Է˵˾䣺лл㡣ʩʱԥģʩܴ󷽵ӵ
ҲҪлл㡪
Զõѡ



89 
ںת뿪ȥǻʱ, ԷһᣬͷӿֳĪѹʩڻ
Է˵, , ͻȻѹ
ʩû˵
ı
ԷԴ, ûע⵽ǰ˵ۿҲǺġ
ʩĬ⼸꣬ҪûкڵĻ, ôڵ
Լ谵ʱһⰡ, Ҳ, һ, һֱ־롣
ܺû˵, һƫϲ, ôоء
ֻ˭Ըȥͱǲ㴰ֽ˵, ʱǰ㣬ڰ׷
Ϊö, ԻϧһЩ˵ĸ顣
ҲǺԷ׵, ΪڰŻϧ
ϧӵеһС
-
뿪sкԷͻȻоԼɳ˺ܶࡣ
һͻȻ˺ܶĸо, Щģֱڲſʼס
ΪԼӦˡ
Ҫ, Ϊñ˿, ԼҪ, ԼԱá
ǹԼӿ֡
Ҫ׬Ǯ, ΪǮԸԸ֡Լ׬ǮģǱԼġ
еĶӰϣѹĸãӸҵ׬Ǯʱ丶ɱΪԼĵø㡣
ӵеĶࡣ
ȥӱʲô
֮ǰһֱæҵ飬ʵһԭӱʵüȻǾ׬ǮǺãҾǿ
ڲǡ
ڸΪҪ飬κ˿ΪԼҪ
ΪԼãиĿԡ
ΪҶڸһãҲҪ׬Ǯ
Ȼÿ춼æ֮ǰҲûз
ɻȥķ羰գߵճһֱϲģҲ޵ɫ
ܶߣΪ˿һճ
ڻƻʱͰһɢ󣬵ƹٺһ
ʵĸоԶиֲ֡
ʱŷڴ˿̶ˣеһжúܻеһУ˾ر̹
ԷҲĵ˺ܺõķ羰Ƭʱȥʩ
˵ĵȰӦöġҲֻ˵Щʱ۾ڷ⡣
ûô׬Ǯĵ
ֻҪʱ򣬶ооһжá
ʩҲоĿ֣Ϊˣ㰡ôʱ䣬ڷĿֵЦˡ
Է۾˵ôš
Ժ󣬾ѾоĿ˺òá
ʩÿɷ
ÿҵһҪ׼ȥõƬأֻǿֵĿʼԺǻԽԽõġԷָϸ֮Ĺ滮һ̣ʩ񿴵ʮ
ʮǱߵԷʩǰԶǻϣǰԶкܶƻ
ЩƻҪһȥ顣
ûʩǰйĹ滮Էǵһ
ҲΨһһ
ţǶԽԽõġ
-
ԷʱӰϣҵܱһ񣬲ǳӰ¥硣Ǹݹ˿͵
۸һķҲһ
ȻӰ۸΢һ㣬ĳƬȴǰһ
ʵ
ͼ
ҲʵжҶƵСÿһ㣬ܿǻ˼ġ
ǹҲȥƹ㣬϶ǹ˿ԤԼġ
еǹΣȻ˳һƬ
ҲصյģҶ֪һҺޣžƹݣһӰҡ
ǼӰĳƬǳÿҺƸС
˵ϲҷǳع˿ͣĹ˸оǳ
̬ȺãҷҲһԽ塣
ѣҲһֱù˿ر
ԤԼҲԽԽ࣬ˣҲ˾ƹݺ޵⡣
֮£Ҷæ
ÿ˶Ϊ˸õŬӰҲԽԽæҵڵҲԽԽ󣬹ҲڼˣŮʿȡʵҲֻŮԡ
Եģ㲻ӰֻҪͼҲС
ͼģͱȽϴİ̾͸ݡ
ֻҪҪݹŮԣԷᡣһЩ裬Ϊ˿ҵһݹ˸ŬΪҪԼ
ҪԼ׬Ǯ
ҪҵԼĵ
ӰԽԽҲһԭɡ
ЩòҵһݿԽǵĹһþԼȥ顣
Ϊ˵Ļѵá
Ǳκ˶ϧڵ󻹿ҵһݹĻᡣ
ΪҶŮԵİݣҲΪڱȷʵȥˡڣһ־˾ҪǹҺ
Էû뵽ģΪǼ־Ļ˾һҺƵ־Ļ˾ˡԷѧʱǼҵ־С˵ʱĵģÿ
й˾С˵ƵķҲܶء
û뵽Ȼлѧʱϲ־˾
Ǽҹ˾̸ʱԷ˵֪Ӧô
һֱʩתȦ˷ܣǰϲһ־˾˵һڵ־ǹģҸԤҲܿɹۡ
ǹϲ㰡
Ҫǣ˵߻ԱǰС˵ơ
İʩ֮ǰеЩԱвͬҵġһǰģΪ˾ˣֽ鿪ʼУԺҹ
һֱڼҴУǰǰʱ䣬ڲ¿ʼҹѻУҲҵ
Եʱ򣬼Լóмܣ޾ϸر©һ㣬˾ͲҪˡ
Է˵żġ
˻С˵˵ô᲻żء
ûйҪǮ̫ˣٲҪˡ
ô᲻żء
죬Էûκԥܿ϶ظԵǹϰࡣ
ңԽӼְ
ֻҪæ˹ҵ飬ʱ䣬аš
ṩͣûסĵطṩסޣҲһ𣬹ǵнɣ㡣
Ķ׬Ķࡣ
Էһֱǵã쵱ͬǸ赽ϰ࣬Ҹôõʱʱͺۡ
û룬ڵᣬȻҵŮôѺõĹ
빤ҺҲŬڹ
ʼֻǧңµʱ䣬ͿԵһˡⶼǿԼŬ׬ġ
Ե־˾ǹ̸ҵʱԷ˳˹С˵棬ҲûȷرԼһԽӷơ
ֻǹ˾С˵÷ƵͦÿΪ㡣
ȻˣʵǹǰиԱҲС˵ơ
ʱǸ̸ҵС۾һǹҵΧô𣿡
Էͷŵػأǵġ
Լǰ׼õķԱ֮ǰķͼԷ
£Էö졣
Էੲݵذ鶼ʩرģΪҵԱ׬ǮǹҲãܽӵҵҲԽԽˣ
ԣһָоǺ߹ڰǶʱ䣬ӭ˷


90 
æµйúܿ, תѾ2020°ꡣ
Ƕ̶̰ҵʱ䣬˺ܶ飬ÿһ, ˳ɳ, ˸оǰһ
֮ǰ滮ĺѾⶥ깤, ǿʼ׼װޡԤ׿װ޺ãһͿԿӪҵˡ
ʱ䣬ʩһֱæװ޵顣װһ, ΪġƵķ, ԼװõĲ, Ӳװװ, Ҫ԰ѹء
ȻѾʼ, һҪԤ, á
ʱ޵װ޺ͲɹʱǺڸһġ
Ǳ, һԴʱʩҲʲô, ˵ȥۻЩԴġ
йһװ޾, ڶεʱʩѾᳵ·ˡ
ٴȥװгʱʩһֻĸо
ǵԼһߵʱ, ¶ʲô֪Ϻ򶨣ʵܽš
Ϊû, ʲôк, , ּۻۡ˵ʱʩ͸ı, öȥ۾ȥ
гȥʩҹʼ˽ҵ
ٴȥʱѾʼеԷ̸۸ˡϵȫڰǰװһһ֪
ѧϰúھȣʩЦЦûлӦֻԼ֪ԼҪжϸ
һֱ飬ͼɣ԰жװ޹˾ĳɱͻƫߣװ޹˾Ҳһװ޳ķ
ԾʲôԼ֡
Ҳһ
ʩվװгڴһƬ
뷢ڣ룬Ķͣˡÿ˶ǰߣûлͷ·
߹·̬Ҳȫһˡ
ԷҲرæڹҵĿڱѾȥˣÿĵӶൽԤԼĵӶŵһºˡܶѶǰ򿨣˳ס죬ھƹһصľơ
״̬رԷʱæˣҲȥƹݰæ˾ڽСһ
кܶǳʩģʩΪϰ壬㵽Ҫõǰܴ󷽵ظǽܣҵĶ
Է
Ӱҵϰ塣
ô
Ưɡ
Ǵδ㣬ôôתͷԷʱȴֲòϣȷʵܺÿ
ܰ䡣
ü۴飬ϲͰ
ԷҲһδεĿ϶УʼĲ˼ؿԺźǴкҲǽԼǺãԷܸʶǣϣÿġ
ߵʱҲȥͿ͡
ҶԷӡرã˳Ư˵Ҫǣദ˾ر
ȻŮ߶Ů
ԷƺҲԼĵڹҳʱݵĽ⣬Ҳ̬ȲõĹ˿͵ʱЦӭǿԽܵķʽȥìܺͳͻ
ôһ˲䣬Լ񶼾ãʩԽԽˡ
ǵЦ͹˿˵ʱ̬ǰĽʩϵֵȻʹݣĳ˲䣬Լϸоˡ
˯ڴϵĳҹԷͻȻпԼҲоҺԽԽˡտʼô˵ʱԷòţΪʼվãʩһֱǰԼʲô
Եô˵ʱ᱾ܵؾԼǡ
ûдﵽĸ߶ȡ
ĳ˲䣬ԼһЩͻʱȻܹܴݵȥһԺ˳ؽʽ
ȫûġ
һֱԼððʧʧʱ򣬾ֻ㡣ڵȻȥȥ⡣
ϲԽԽ𣿡ʡ
Է˼˻ᣬأҵȻϲеӡΪϲˣԼҪΪˡΪΪˣһرĵ顣
ʩס
һַǳ̤ʵĸо²⣬Է̹ϵذԼ뷨ϲر
Ҳϲ㡣
ǹȥڣԽԽϲΪо˴˵оΪ˶Էеһжʼ˾ֵڴġ
-
֮ǰĺ߶޲̫һҪλȺΪŮԡʵݵļ۸סʵޡ
ʩܵԷӰ죬㿪һֻסŮԵޡ
װ޷Ҳ̶һǿǰ󵨣һϵܰһ־͸żԼ
еķŴеķŴǰš
̳⣬䴲̶ľͱ˵㣬ᳬһٿһˡ֮ڿߵ޶ԣļ۸Ѿ˵Ҳڶˡ
ʩڴ㣬ÿһ棬հٷֱȣ𣬾ƫԶضͯƫԶɽŮĶ
ʩڸоԼ֮顣
ΪԼܹ꣬ʼõʱϣͨԼȥˣŮ
뷨ԷϲҲҪ裡
ʩϰǴҾ
ԷһߣŲء
Ŷ
˼ڽĽŲ鰡Է˵꣬ǳϿ뷨ԼҲ볢ȥ顣ȻڻǷծеһжãҪǣÿ춼档
ңҲԽԽˡ
Էӿֳ͵
Ǿһڴǿ׬ܶǮȥŮǡ
ã
˶سڴķȥʱһĵ绰˹Է˲䣬о䡣
-
һºˡ
ʩæװޣԷҲæ޵װޣ˶ŬΪ˸õ
Ȼÿ춼۵̱ڴϣ˯ǰԷ졣Ľ飬ˡ
˴˶о˶ԷԷãôŬع׬ǮǷµǮ϶ܿԻġ
Ϊеһжڱõʱ򡪡
һ绰
ӵǸ绰Է·ٴαС
Էæ꣬ûһȺķֻϤĺʱһ١
ȫס
ԴʩǸʮsкûٺͼϵˡȻż뵽ǰڼҵӣǺֵܿģҲûʲôġ
Ҳٻҡ
ټĺæʩţ뵽ʱ͸ˡ
ôͻȻ绰ԷǸʱоԼˡ
ȥÿһΣĸϵ϶Ǽʲô˲ġ
һأ
˵˲ϵ
ô
绰һֱ졣
Էӡ
ʵǸңϢľˡСƫģܵܿ飬ڼһûҪĺãа䡣
ʮӺ󣬵绰Ҷϡ
Էֻоû
ţ绰ִˡ
ԣҪĿĿģĲݵıȸС
Է֪϶Ǽʲôˡ
Ȼô뵽
ڶ绰ֶˡ
ֱ绰ʱԷԥ˼Ӻ󣬲Ž˵绰


91 
Է
ΪʲôڲŽӵ绰, ʲôȥˣ
绰սԷ֪ٲһͨѵ绰Զ, Ȼܽ, ղæ
ô˵, Էɲģæʲôææĵ绰Բ𣿡
֪Ϊʲôĺƽ, һԼ˵ʱ, ͻرͷͱꡣ
εϢ
޷½, ˭û취ƽ͡
ֻЪ˹ſñ˴˺ù, Է֪, Ǻܱܵػô롣
оԴҪըĸо
ԷҲýˡ
֮ǰÿһ, ô˵ûġ
Բ˵, ˷ѿࡣ
Է˵Թ˵һĪǡ
Էüȥʲô
˵ʲôʵ, һֱû
Է
, ô֪
ֶסԺˣ㲻𣿡
ֻʲôģûпȦǶ˺üˣ
ĸͨȦԷȥѯʵģϾǰְֳ˳סԺ, ŮôӦöҪһ¡˺ü죬ˡÿһ, ѽԷôûѽ, ְֶסԺ, Ҳæ
ǶҵӦҪ˰
Щ, ǶҪӡ
绰ȻҲʹԷˣû뵽Ů̬Ⱥ䵭ĸʧ䣬Էûĵİ
°ܣǴ
Էһ㶼ӻ
ԴsкͰѼ˵Ȧˡ
۲Ϊھôһ̬ȻιϵرôľԶ롣
ȥע
Լﵽһ״̬ɼˣǱһ绰ƽ
Էֲ˵輱Ҽסˣ͹ҲЩ˵˵ȥУǸѣǮǣҵϵʲôġ
ʲô˼Էɫ˳⻰ˣû
ԷܲͷؽֱͣײˣˣƤ븺߿Ҫ˾ʲôġҲʶʲôˣѲͦôǰæ
⣿
Է⻰ʱѾʼˣѹһ˵ΪʲôҪǮ
Ҫ軹жô׵Ҫ
ԷϳǮҽԺǱҪסԺ϶Ҫɷѵİ
ܺá
رá
ԷֻڶڿʲôЦҪҸǮ֮ǰǸǺܴһǮ˵ˣôܻûǮڸʲôδҲ̫ѿЩ
ԷĿըˣ
ôĸĸѾôǮסԺǳʲôʱ뵽Ļ
Ļ˺
ɼˣԷҲƺǺ⡣
úɵԹ˵ǱǮֲ֪Ǵ˻ôģòͷҲûǮܵ黹ҪһǮ
ǹʲô鰡
ԷֱӴһĺǮǮ
ôˣԷҲˣְְܻܵСȻҪõǮˣ
ڿǸʲôģͦ׬ǮǸӰҲǿİɣҿ϶ͦģ˵׬ܶǮӦòȱǮ
֮ǣǶȱǮˣΪʲô֣
˵ˣⲻΪŮӦΪ˲ĪǾͿʲô𣿡
Է๩ѧɲƨɺȥ˰
ԷܾػأԣҾʲôܣ
ըˣ
˵꣬ѵ绰Ҷϡ
绰ٴʱѡ񲻽ӡ
ûôŸմѧҵãǾõʮڣʲô飬Ҫȥ
ôȻ
ͻǴһ
Ͳ
ȻЩǮǸ鶼ԷҲûʲôϵˣ
ɲ֪ΪʲôԷڹ绰һ̣۽¡
֪ԼѹʲôҲôѹ
֪
-
˵绰Էںվ˺ܾá
úõ飬ܻڽӵһĵ绰󣬱쳣ںǰ˺ܶ࣬е㴭ϢĿռ䣬Լõ⡣
һ˲õƽ
飬ǰʹܳһʱ䣬ڼҪʱͻϻȥ
ڶ˵νˡ
ЩˣΪʲôҪȥء
ȥ⡣
-
Էûиʩһֱæװ޵飬ÿ춼˯ƹҲæ
û뵽ǣϵ绰Ȼˡ
ڵ绰Ҫѽӵ绰˸ˣʮֱ꣺Էҽӵ绰Ϊʲôҵ绰ûİ
֣ӵ绰ʱ򣬶Ĥ㱻ˡ
ķӰ
Էʱ㶣ʣԷ
ԣҽӵ绰
Ҫӵ绰
Էƺʧˣ֣ͲúԶպԷǱ߹֣Էĵ绰㡣
ԷΪ˿ʹģ߹ȥӣ߽һ֣Ǹ飬֪ˡ
ù绰ûϷţֱӹˡ
֣
ԡ
Էɫ΢裬ˡԲ

-
ʩջ֪ˣһŮ˵ľںڷۡĿĲݵԭ򣬸ĵ
Է֪ʩôģһ㶼ԡ
ǻȥһ˿ɡ˵
ԷҲȥ
ȻѾʮ飬ûʲôϵˡȨһɡ
˲һ֮ǰǼҵǱǮֻ֪裬ǱǮֵͨ˻תһ˺šҹǱթƭĲƭˡ
Ҳ˵
Ҳ˵ѾûǱǮˡʱ򣬻ҵ㡣Ҹ״̬пǮ豻ƭߵġʲôʱûûȥһĪǡһ̽
-
Է֪Լʲô״̬صĪǵģʧ𣿻ǾúǾϣ׵飬ڵнһ˲䱻顣
ΪƴŬ׬ǮֻҪʮͿµֻҪ뿪ԭͥͿӵԼ
ڡ
о
֮ǰӿֳڴ˿̺ҪʧҲ֪ļа취ԭ㡣
ܲ˽һ㡣
Ϊһ̶ֱҪԼһѡ
ʩûжʲôͷԡ
ˣҰҵĸˡһȥ㲻Ҫ¡
ţԷ⡣
ʩ裬ʵҲͦġ
ʩȻǵСʱͽҪǱ۸ˣҪޣԷˣʹȥԷˣȥҪ֪㲻۸
ǾͲ۸ͷˡ
ԼȻЩ飬ǴҳģôǴ˵ķʽȥ
Ҳʩ׵ġ
Ǽ˾̫ɵˣΪˬظǮͿɡ
ڿеһУǸոտʼѡ
ҪնϣÿЩµĴˡҲʩһı䡣


92 
ǰʩܾʲôҪԼ, ҪԼȥ鷳ˣǼ, ҲԸǣΪǱʶΪ, ˸Խ, ҪԽ࣬ҲԽԽࡣ
Ǻ֣ʵû취ȫϵġ
˵㲻ȥϵ, κ鶼˵, Ϳȫûκιϵ
һ, ʩʶ, Է, ˿ԽġԤ, ǽһΣ, 飬ǻὫϣԷϡ
ʼջõ, Ҳ㾡, ȥȫΨһĶӡ
һʼû취ıģʩû˵꣬ʩĸѾˡ
ûϵ, ȥ飬, ҪôࡣԷû뵽, ʩĸȻվԼ, ȥԼ˵
˱Էı˵Ҫ, Զĺܡ
Է۾ͺһȦͷллĸ
-
յִĪ죬Է˵ȥҽԺ
ʩĸס˵ȺúϢżȥǾ͵ȥء
ʱĲ̫ˣʹһӡ
Էֻܵͷ
˵룬ﻹûס
һ㶼Щ飬һʱ跢裬ʼô죿
ʩĸοģֻҪӲһЩᷢ㲻飬ܻȥܵġ
š
-
Ǽ죬Էʱر
ã԰ѹȥζһ顣Լǰ̫ˣֻǣ֪Լĸĸƫģû뵽ĸƫ⣬Ļ˽
׵Ǻܺãŵ綯УԷĦгײˡֱӱײɣĿǰСȹۣȽأҪһְȥ
ԷȻƼʻȴסոС
ڼ϶ԷҲˣԻڳƤ޷˽ˣֻ߷ɳ򡣵˾Ļ̫ոʹˣϲãҪ
ѴС飬ʵռҾʮ⣬ӦЩġĸó
ΪЩǮҪӽȢϱõģôھóõ
һҽԺ
һ£뵽Է
ΨһŮ
ǮҪһİɣ
ҽԺסԺ¥¡
Է˵ԼûǮʱĸըˣôܻûǮҽԺĿİְְûĵĶôˣ
ԷΪԼĻصĪˣԼ̬Ӧûôӵġ
ǣˡ
ңһֱʲôǡ
ĸףֱӵظ߹ռҵıķЩǻ˭
ˣȥżˣЩ鶼˼
ǻΪĸǿЦ
ڣԷǳ׵ˡ
ΣΪŬͿԵõĸϿɵΡ
ˡ
ԷûκЦݣĮػأ԰Ұְְǣʲô㣬ϴǸǵʮأҪôڰʮ򻹸ңҿԳǮҪôǮе飬Ҫҡһ㶼֪
㣡
ĸû뵽ǰǸΨǴӵŮھȻô顣
ĸ̧ҪҪʱԵһץסʩѹһհ̣˵ͺú˵ʲô
ĸһۣŮһܽ𣿡
ǰŮվһԵʩĸ߳˵
ʩĸһܶׯĴ£ϻһױЦ㣬վĸǰٴοڣҲ֪ԼŮеŮϡ
Ҫ㣬ϹҽԺŮײġҲΪŮ
ģĸģҲǿۡ
˭ĸ۾һɣڵ˭ҲҪڽģҵŮҵŮʲô飡
ԴԷһǮĸ˾رƮ˭ֺģΪһ飬ǲŻ
ʩĸҲƽĴԴʼֱͦ΢΢׵ЦЦ˭˵Ǽҵˡ
ĸ
ʩĸ˵ϴϹǼŮһǮɣ
ǼԷģ
Ŷ
ʩĸЦ˵ȷŮմѧҵôһǮǮǴŮ˻תȥġ
Ҫϸϸκ˶ǱǮ˭ġ
㡢ʲô˼׷ݵǱǮʱĸһ٣ղŵŰ·˲ʧˡ
ʩĸɴЦ˲²뷨
ʲô˼ѽ˵Ǯ˵Ǽҿԣ˵ǽǼҵҲСĻǾ͵һ׼ңףԺԷ͸ŮһҪǽĻнлɡ
˵Ǯĸ쳣ʲô軹ģŮТĸģ
𼤶𼤶ߣʩĸУǽҲ˵Ǯʱ򣬱ϾҲȱǮǴһȷ˼¸õúúһġ
ĸһ䱸
ǵ˼ҪǳǮˣͲˡҪǳǮǲǾҪú㡣ʩĸĿ˵ӼЩҪԵġ
ĸ˵
ϲ֪Ӻηϣ£־úܱ
ԷЦż˵أ֪ǱǮȥɣ
ĸɫٴαˡ
ֱҲ⣬ŮѾˣαʲôŲšȻʮ򣬾ͲӦټôˡҪȻɾˮһաĸչǶŮġƫĵ󣬶ûк³ġ
ҪһֱĶӣʲôӦǱǮͲӦñƭôĳһŲ֪أҲȤǮأҲӦòģԡ
Ҳˡ
ôǶӣչ˱ǼԷŮ⡣
ֻҪһվ첻ôġ
ҪȻҾͰЩ飬عˡ֪ɣ
ʵʩĸҲֻǲ²⣬ʲôҲֻһѵǸţһСᣬû뵽ǸСᾹȻǸƭӡ
˵ʲôʲôĿҪͶ֮ģһƭ˸Сһǧ
ǹˣȻİҲࡣһ̽ڷ磬¶ˡ
ֻͶȥˣܿͻرġܸߣ˵ˣûʲô£ʲô
ʩĸͷá
ǽô˵·ϣѾϵӦҲ쵽ˡ϶ҲϣԼĸʧ̬飬ӣһԺܺõĽġ
Ͼô飬ĸģôŶأԲԡ˵ˣϹıˣô۵ĶӣȻҪҽԺչ˺ðְѽ
ʩĸ˵һͨɵЦЦǾ˰
ĸɵˡ
ûзӦʱʩĸѾԷ֣׼뿪
ʱҽԺſڣһ
Է̧ͷպĿԡ
һ䣬㡭
Էԭء
֪ʲô飬ôδйԷ˵㣬ߣвС



93 
Ƶꡣ
Էһڲ˺þ, Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôޣ޷ֹס˵ѹҲǺѹ, Ҫ˵ѹ, ֺܶ¡
ǵСʱ, ҹ﷢յ40ȣ˶Ժˣ촽ѾյĿ, ȥøĸķ, Լܲ
, ĸûдȥҽԺ
Ϊ, ϵܻܵС, ߴ΢е㶯, ָͣҶǿֵĺܲͷˣΪӻС, ҲֻѹһԵԷֵʱǾͰеϡ
㲻ʲô
ûܵڿ𣿻ܹң˯, Ժչܵ, ôã
治֪㵽ʲôã

ĸÿζ󣬸ûµһ˵, Եõû, ҪҪʲô
ʱԷܸж, ĸڶǹĵġ
һ, ͻ˵Ȼûʲô, ͰϴˡְҲ˵Ҫȥˣѧ𵽴棬ؼҰ衣
ƺ֪ײײصԼķ䣬Ϊܣһ亹ʪ͸ˣֻ˯
ڶɫɲ԰ףĸȴûʲôˡ
ʹ
ҲûиǱ岻ҪʲôΪ֪ûκá
ǲġ
ٺͿʼæչ˵ܵܡιԷϴ·滭
ĸ˲һͨѽ
ԷʱСÿαʱﶼܿġǱ˶ϿɡֻҪôиϿĸĸҲϿġ
ǣˡ
-
ԷϴһȻһ
ţʩһֱվ⣬ôһֱܰģ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ӵ
ʩûκλ
ԷС˵ûµģڶ˵ѾˣǰǸΪ˲ѹСˡ
ţһһֱߡЩ㲻Ը飬ǾʲôҪ
š
-
ԷһƳΡ
ҽԺ̺˵ҪСˡһʶԼҪһܻܵˡ
һ̵ֱ½ǣܽš
ΪΪŮҪˣ֪Ǹܻܵãı仯
Ƕ˵ο϶Ǹкˡ
һкӵģǶӾ
Էû˵ڽ
ְƺܽţ·ĵһ˵ˡ
һת
Ӥ
ԷԶ͸оǵ˷ܣǸܵܡ˶ϣġ
ðôˣԺͿ԰æչ˵ܵˡ
ɲأŮ˫ȫ
ϲϲ
һת
ԭٻǸӤĵܵѾʼˣˮԷرᡣΪÿֻҪһԼ·϶Ŀˮ
˵ָɾȥ
Է֪Ϊʲôô˵
ٺܻܵ·ˡ
˶ܿģÿ˶˵⺢ӿžʹ˵أžгϢ˵Ŀⶼĵܵܡ
û˻ٶһԷ
ֻ˵Ҫܵܿˣɵúú衣
ЩԷС
ÿ˶ʸ
ԽӦҪôȥ£ֻǣôһŮ
֪Լ˭
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôš
ΪҪֵһЩ𣿻Ϊչܵܡ
֪
˶֪ΨԼ֪
Ҳû⡣
ƴ飬ŬϺõĸУҲҪõ˵ĹעϿɣôҿĴڣòǿչ˺õܵܣֵ
顣
иĿԡ
ֻǣŬǶԣƺʲôǡ
ʼ棬ͼͨһּ˵ķʽȥǵע⡣
ʱ䣬Էجج
ֱʮ꣬ʩʼʶҪãһЩ
Ҳˡ

ʵѾٶҵļڴʲôˡΣ봦飬Ȼ󳹵׸ǻޡȻԵܵܵĿʱԷѡ뿪ﻹǻû취鳹׷¡
ܵܿһ۵ʱ
ܴܵСûԹʲô࣬˽úܺãʲô᲻
ͻıʣ֪롣
Էʼռǵã轫ڼʱֻܸܵųġ
ԡ
븸ĸĶԹĵܵûйϵ
Ͼܵǳĸ⣬ΨһѪԵϵˡͬѪ׵ˡ
ʲôҶߵġֻҪ롣
лл㣬
-
ȥҽԺ֮ǰԷ͵ܼܵһ档ܷܵ·һҹ֮ͳˣԷһ㡣
СӣʼĿˮῪʼ˵ߡԷһ쿴ġ
ȻܶʱԷᱻʵҲ˵Ļϡ
ȥ˯ʱˣ͸ĸ˵ķȥ˯ʱŮݣͲǺܷˡ
ʵЩϸϵ飬Էǵá
ֻΪ⼸길ĸƫģԷ뵽ĶһЩ̫ĵ顣
ϲ˺ܾãԷǸ̫ϲԹˣԺܶѡ˵죬еίЩ길ĸζģȫ̶
Ժ󣬼ﻹҪġ˵Է̧ͷﲻ֪ʲôʱᣬΪڰ￴ǵĶӣǵļˡŮҪ뿪Ǹҵġںܶ飬Ҷ̫ԸȥΪҲûãԣҲ̫ˡ
Ҳϣ⡣
ΪǶңĲ̫á
Է˵ЦЦ
һ̣ĵĸоɺͿ֡
ͷ
Բ𣬽㡣
Ϊĳ׵ظıˡֱڲʶС̫ˣʲôᡣ
ɵϣԷЦЦʲôϵء
Ǹĸ˼ظѽǸĸŮѽᣬ޷ıʵѽ
Ժҿȥ𣿡̧ͷᡣ
ȻԡԷͷڸĸ飬ͦ۵ˣԡ
ţ֪ġ
Է
󣬵һӵ
Ҳллôչˣ󶼽Ұɡ
-
һҵʱ䣬ԷǶڴ顣
ҽԺɷѣ˳̸УȷҪ˾˾ںܳҪºſͥоÿ˾ôԷѾˣƺ
ʦǻãҲǡ
Ǯ飬ǲΪġ
СҲڸĸΪ³ģԵǽˣҲΪġ
ܲԸ飬ҲȥǿԼ
ոԷҲûк˵һ仰
˵
Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ԡ
Էе鶼Ĳʱ򣬺Ҳܵܽˣе飬Ҳûʲôϵˡ
֮ǰǱǮҲȥ׷
ˡ
ȥ塣
֮Ҳûˡ
ΪֹĽˡ
뿪Īǵ죬ƽ͵ٴκһ䣬衣
ллҴ磬Ҳллôչˣϣ˳⡣
ĻҲû˵
ĸ
кܶ꣬ûкúÿһŮˡ
ȴ֣Ҳû취˵Щʲô
Է˵νˡ
߳ҽԺʱ̧ͷգǰδеɡ
ڴ˿̣µĿʼ


94 
ٴλص޵ʱ, ³һ̣Ȼһֻؼҵĸо˵̬ˣʱĪǵsеʱ, ǲ, ǵͷġ
Լʩ, ɻúܲʵ
ܾںƮŵģ˼һ仰˵ֻ뿪ڡ
ҵԼ
Ϊ֮ܶŬԼԼĵϣÿʼġ
ԼĿʼ
Եٴλصʱ, Īİ
תͷʩһֻصҵ̤ʵˡ
ɵϡʩЦŹ˹ı˵, һֱļѽ
Էû˵, ֻǸоرɡ
ȥеһжȥ, ڵÿһЦ, ǷĵĿ֡
-
֮, ԷÿŬĹ
ֻ֪ҪԼŬͿ׬ܶǮõ˵Ͽ, ҪǣڿʼϿԼ
ܷʲô, ԼĸоΪ
پԼһ, ҲҹȥԼʼϵȥϿԼÿһκͱ˵ķΪԼĵҪȥͱ˷
ɢ, Ϊá
оԼĺںˣ˿յʱ, Ҳǹͨ, ֻԼ뷨, ǽҲÿζǴЦ, ĵЦݣǷܣҲǲ⡣
ÿһεõ˿͵Ͽʱоġ
Ҳæҹߴ磬ȥƹݺͺһΪԼҪɣȥʱ䡣
һξõĸоһθǿҡ
Է³Īǵɫ˸ҳԡ֮ǰǳʦģʩԡδ¹
ʵ֮ǰһֱԼɿˣûͬк͹Сԣһֱܿ
ڣʼԼϿɣҲﵱļҡ
ͻһҪдҵĸо
֣˵뷨󣬵һֱʾͬ
ɱҰôʱˣ֣ǵһ˵ҳԡ
ôܾãںˡ
Է϶ҲûкأҼʱ׼ʱ֤һϲ
֣Žɣļٵġô񡣡
ȻԷһȰұܡǶ
֣˰ͷ۾ôֱ˵ϲΪǼ׼¡
Էÿɷ
һΣҲ׼ǰһ
-
ǰԷܰʩȥԵصصĪǲˣʩҲһڡsкʩרһĪǲ˵ĳʦÿĪǹĿˣóʦһݡ
żԵʱҲܳһڡ
֪ΪʲôǱĪǲˣʼǲôһζĪǲѬζsÿͣζƫأڱ
ʩsкӦһʱųԵϰߡ
Էҳ˺ֵģʱΪֺļˣÿѧҪΪֺüˣڲ֪У˺ܶǰϲ顣
ȴ֣Щϲ飬յĵ
ʩ׼ľϲʵܾǰΪˡ
ǵһεסͣʱҲԣͶҪͷ
ʱʩӲĳǿŵģʲôûСԷҲʹͷ͸ΪȥԺóԵġ
ʵԷԼԵĺ٣ÿΪҪһԷԶ᲻ͣظвˣΪԵ㣬ҲԺܶࡣ
ЩԷҲûصغʩ˵
ΪһжǷǳ飬һϲˣҪõ̬ԣҲԸչֳԼõһ档
žϲ
ΪϲһˣԸõĶһΪģǸˣֵá
-
ĪǲиѬɣʩϲġ
ʱæһ죬ûʲôθڵʱ򣬾һϡȻѬɣǳԲʲôҪСԼ롣
ֱУʱĹ¶
ԴԷ֮ʩͺôˡ
Ϊֹ¶УƺѾʼɢˡҲԼһյƻǸˣܻվڵƻɺ
ֻҪеƣ͹¶˲ʧ
߹ȥӵеĲõ飬񶼸оµĿܡ
ȥô꣬ʩԼʲô
˵ֱԷôͻȻףٵǲ֣ʵԼϲԼȫ硣
-
ԷʩһĪǲˣǰһȥԹġÿ춼ᱸһЩĪǲˣһ˺ֳɵģҪټӹ
ǾʩϲǵѬɡ
֮ǰʩÿԵʱ򣬶ǰͳʦ˵ǰѬáȻڱﱸš
ʮ¶ỵ
ԷҲǰȥ׼ģѬҪóԣҪһѬɵĹ̡
ԷСʱһ裬̿̿Ҫ׿֮ģȻһӣѾˮֵĶ
ǺñֽһϺ󣬵ڶѬɾˡ
Ѭ⣬Ѭͷ⣬Ѭ⡣ĪϲЩѬĳԵģҲϲƷ
ÿ굽꼾ڣͻῪʼ׼Ʒ
ܲ綹ѽùѽȵȡԷʼѧŴģȥЩʱͻȻԼӿֳһַǳĪĸо
Լ顪
ÿһ֡ظǰĶ
ѧʱʱܻ˵Էǰûʲô飬Եˣûôȥ￴һӶʱֺȥչӵģ̫ˣúáƢöûŪƢˡ
ͦġ
ԵܵܳǾûٽȥæˡ
Щ꣬¡ȻۣҲû취ˣչԼѾܲˡ
С󣬾ֻ̻
ÿλϼҵʱ򣬻Ѳ˺þõĳԵֻȥ̼ҵʱ򣬲Żʲô
̻˵ŮϸƤģҪȥЩ
ֻ̻ϲʲô
ԷͻȻ
⼸һֱԼȥ룬ȥǸ̫̫ΪֻҪȥ룬Ǹ̫̫ԼҸֵһӵĵط
ֻҪȥ롣
ǸС̫̫ͻһֱڡ
ֻҪȥ룬еһУܺá
Ҳ⡣
ǡ
ֱ˿̣Էŷ֣ԭһֱȥ飬ֻϲ˵ѡ
ֻҪһ紵ݶѲĵжǣ
ǲǿġ
ֻĳŻ˼
-
죬Էʩ˵˸ѧڷ顣һΣûӡ
ҲʧȥϣΨһ۰˵Ƕλ谵ӡ
ÿһҪ޵ʱ򣬶ҲûмԿˡ
ҲС̫̫ԹԡˣҲ׷ԲԣǸԲˡ
ʵ
ǰдҪˣʱܲ⣬ôء
ڵ֪뿪죬ԷоԼ磬ˡ
޷ܣֲòܡ
֮ĺöҶȥ롣
ΪҺ¡



95 
귢, Էĺܶδἰûкκ˵ʩҲδἰ, ǸС̫̫
ЩҪӵе, Ǹʱ򳹵ʧȥġ
زǰʱ, Ҳˡ
ԣֻҧҧԼǰߡ
һ˳еĹ¶į, ܾ˹ͨ, ԼԼ
ֱڡ
Ÿ»ͷ
Щ, Էȼ仰˵ˡ
ʩ֪, һǻ˺ܴ, ߵ, ٴγߡ
Բ𡣡ʩ¶١
֪ʱԼû취ϵԼ, Ϊ̵뿪
ʱԼһûϵʱ, ټּ, ȥϵֱΪֹ
ǲǣںһЩ
˶ûôʹ, һֱڶԷߣԷȹǶλ谵¡
ǵѽԷȥ, ûʲôϵ, ˵ϲ, һҲһ޷Ԥϵ顣ֻʱ, ̫ˡ֪ôȥӦԣҲû취ѧȥЩʵ
Է˵Ҳۣʮ꣬ʩԼõһչָҲΪ˿иĿܡ
ȴˣһ档
һֵʱֻ˻صԼ硣
Ҳ⼸Уѧƽ͡ѧȥһЩȶʵ
Ϊ֪ܶ鶼Ѿ޷ı䣬Ҳû취ȥı䡣
ֻܽܣȴ˵뿪ȥһθߵ˾ͷȥ
Ҳѧ˽ܣŻһвõ鶼Ѿȥˡ
ҲڳΪõԼʩ˱
Է˵ͷš
϶¶˷ĵЦݡ
һ̣ʩоʱصѧʱ
ε̨ô˶ǵֶӱϲÿ˶ڸߺ֣ŻͲĵضеķ˿˵
ллǵϲǶԽԽõġ
ΪЩĵȰʼնûǡ
-
˰ѹĲΪ֪ϲͶԷ˺󣬺ȻȻʡ
ЩõĶѾȥˣÿ˶Ӧõķȥ
Ϊ˴˶ֵá
˵ദģʽ֮ǰгˡ
Ҫ˯һʩ𴲺ĵһ飬һȥԷȥĶͷ
˵簲˯ĺòá
ͨԷȥأǷĻȻߺһᣬʲôʩġ
ҪǷִ˯Ļ𴲺ĵһȸϢҪˣͻȥķȻһᴲ
ҪûѵĻȥ׼͡Ҫĵ㣬ͻȥ𴲣ȻСè
ΪȥԹʲô
˵κһķʽȥҪġϣ֡ĵĿֻ֡ҪԼͿˡ
ģҡ
ܣҪȥ˵۹⡣
ֻҪԼĸоͿԣҲҪңǡ

һ̣ԷϿʼԼš
ԭĻˣʲôĻˣκβõ飬˵
һʱ򣬻еһУ񶼿ϣ
ԸоϵҲԿԼиĿԡԭǶԵˣǰ׶κ˶޷Ĵڡ
š
Ҳűȥ
ʩ۵ʱ򣬸һӵһˮҲĬʱ򣬽ЦҲȥķӦṩֵ
ǰԷԼ⣬ʲôûãȲϱˡόǻ֣̿ԼʲôǡڣҲŬȥԼУҲȥӦ
Ϊ֪ʲôԷԸܵ⡣
ΪĴڣоܰģû취ʲô㵽ĸоԼһǡ
飬ʵкܶࡣ
ңİˣǴٵġֻ㣬᲻ܵί
ڳ״ԼԷȫĽܱ˶ĺãҲԼķʽȥԱ˺ãȥӦ˵İ
ǰһ״̬
̹Ȼؽߵ˶ĺãҲᴿȥߵ˺ãҲڿֺãΪԷֵá˶ãҲΪֵá
ԣʩٴθ׼ϲʱûһԼ޷סȻҪرܡ̹Ȼؽˡ֮ǰҲʩ׼˾ϲ
Լ׼ϲʩġ
ΪʩԷһʲôϲ˵ʲôˣѲصסʲô顣
죬׼һӵĲˣȻ˵⣬Ϊ˸ףװ깤˳ҵʱʩرж
ǰһĬĬϣƺװ޵˳ҵʱ򡪡
һվںߣ뿪˵Щʲôѡ˳ĬΪ֪еһУ̫δ֪ˡ
û취ȥڴʲô
ϱž޴ѹ̫ȥ֤ԼˡֻܹǰҲֻܳǰ
ֱڡ
һеķչǰȫû뵽ġ
ǸҲһȺ־ͬϸһԱǰﵱǵļңľ
ʲôԹԡ
ϰ壡Щ˿ɶԷһŶæ˴ءǸ⣬ҲԷȥģ
ʩж˵ϻԵˣȻܲޣΪ׼ϲ
ԷһҪ˼ҾͿ˼ඣҪô˵棬˵˼

˴Ц
ʩ§ļ򣬡࣬۵ˡ
ŲأԷŵЦЦϾôæȲʩϰŶ
ڵտʼ޵̬ȫһ
ʱţҲô˹ͨͽڵŴüɢ
ʩ§ס֣˽
˼նˣæ壺һһһֵĲ´ԶǳԹϵһߡ
ʩԷü
ʾôҪҪϣ
ԷҲüӦ
һ׸ǿ¡
ʩյźţ§סֱ֣ӽԼǰһ¡
ŶŶŶŶ
Χ
ÿֽкá
֡
ԷǰǺϲ֡
ڡ
پˡ
Ϊ֪Լš
һֱվԣ㹻İȫСҲҵԼĵԼõ
-
ԷһƣкŸзĵ⡣һγ⣬Ȼûеôÿ֪û˻᲻ϲ
ÿʩ佱
ԷȻܣЦ˵ллϰ塣
ϰ壬ɵüǵҪء
á
ϰ壬أҲҪҲҪԱ״׷塣
ʩѵôģЦ˵úúãжС
֣һǰ˵ҪԷһĺ׼ϰһƫĵġ
ǰȡ
ôˣϰҪôƫģԼҲ᲻˼İɣ
û뵽˼ƫֳϡ
ϣ˯һ㡣
ô˯һ㣬Ϳõһĺˣ
˯磬ο㿪ʼʩƤЦⲻЦ

֣
־ѹҿʼֵ⡣
֣Ϳ䣺޻ԽԽõģһ
԰޵յ˴Ȥ
֣һҾͲֵ𣿡
˳üȻվλ
ȷҪ˵ֵ

ޡ
ȺУ˵϶Цݡ
Ҳһ죬ԷһԼķΧ
Ǽ˵ĸо
Ҳס
ԭֻҪҪ飬ȥһῴġ



96 
һؽ
ʩ϶˯, ˯ţдʡ춼æԼľһ, Ҳʼӿˡ
˶û˯һ, Ϊһϲ
дһ׸, Ĺ£ͽС㺬壬һβ㺬, ˵ָȡһ֡һ㺬, ϣ⡣
Ҳ
ֻҪ߹ڰһ, ÿ˶ӭԼϣ⡣
ֻҪһֱǰߡ
ÿ˶ԿԼϣ
ϣÿһŮ, ߹Լ谵Ƕ, ӵи, 
ܳһʱεطԼ, ɣоʹͲ, ھЩõ, ӵԼҪ
ԶΪȰоӯ
ԶҪԼӵ޵Ŀԡ
ΪԼֵá
Ϊӵǵ
ʩܾöûĸо, ⼸꿪⣬˵˻, ˵, ûкܴȥһЩˡ
ʱ˿, оԼϵ
¼ӵеһ, ͸ΪرҪˡ
-
ԷԴӳ״ÿ϶˯ر̤ʵ
Ҫʩʱ򣬻ֱӸҪҡæҲ롣͵æ꣬ҲԼǲǱˣԼҪˡ
ʶԼӵа˵ԷҲȶˡԼʱҲǰ;òͷƽ͵ؽѾļȶʵ
Լˣֻĵܵϵ
ĸû취ʲô鶼ûзΪǵƫǺѸĵġҲȥڴԼĸĸʲôĸı䡣
ΪǶҪˡ
ܵҲڸĸ󣬲ʶԼϵΡǰĸܽ󣬺ܶ鲻Էǰ涥ţǸĸšԣκҪ顣
ĸһʱҲû취ǰʲôܲˡ
Է̬Ҳʼ˺ܴһı䣬֮ǰһѵ˵һ仰ֻҪ﷢ʲô飬ܻصԷﱨ
˳ͥˣְֳԺˣﻹǺгϰ賳ˡ
ΪǮ顣
Էʱؾͻأͺԡ
ǰƴҪȥ֤ʲôʱûһ⡣ֱڣڼѾûзˣ¶
˰ʧȥԺ󣬲Żᶮϧ
㣬ңô
㣬ֳԺһֱڼ󣬴ǰˡ
㣬ҷƢˡ˵ҰﲻʲôǴҪһЩ鰡
㣬Һ㡣
㣬Բ𡣡
Щ϶ϢԷ֪ǵܷܵźšԼĲ֪롣
Է֪ǸʼնֻҪͶѡ
ΪĸһֱöǵĵͰȫУ֤Լı׼
ǣȴˣΪǽ̫ˡ
ʲôȹһû취ѿصʱһжֱˡ
ЩԷʲôء
øѾˣøģСҲѾ˺ܶˡ
ԣЩ飬ûκιϵ
Է赭дغʩ˵ЩʱԼۿ֪ǲѹ
һֽѡ
ԼѿԭͥеĲԱС
ҶЩеһʱҲ⣬νҵʱҸоԼܿ֡Էһʩ˵
ʩһӵǵļҡǻúġ
ԷͷĿ𣿡
Ȼˡ
ֻҪԼҪãҪøãһԵġ
-
ҲؽʱԽԽ䡣
sпĪҪ䡣޿ٲ˻硣붬֮ǰԷѾʼڿ촩·ˡ·ʱҲ˳˼ʺʩ·
ͺܱܵأʼ뵽ԷС
ĳһ̣ðһҪ֯Χͷ
ǰһ飬˭ôģȥ֯Χѽڣʼ֯ΧëߣʼȥһЩ֯ΧƵʱãʵһ㶼ġ
ΪˣҪȥ顣
飬ûȥ
ΪˣҪȥԡ
֣ʲôɫë֯Χʱ֣һٸԸҲҲʲôζѾӰ쵽ˡ
ѽԷ˼ûʲôҲοο¡
֣ϰ壬ȿɳܰ
Էһۣⲻϲҵ𣿡

ʲôʱ˵Ļˣ
ԷίͰͣǰܺ˵Ҫ๵ͨ
ҲҪﰡ
֣һۡ
ˣ㿪ʼˡҶˣ֪ˡ߾ˣ鷳ġ
֣
Ӧøʩϰ绰˴ߡ
ԷŶ
ǿЦ¡

-
֣ǰԷһѡһʩϲɫȻһֱŮһ̸˾ͱˣȴܸˣԷϸϸ顣
Է˸оʻ
֮ǰ̫ѹˡ
ʲôԼţԼ
ڵߵ˿ЦŬʱԼ飬÷ɵʱҵԼѵķɷʽȥƹݣںɢģԼҪ顣
ΪԼʲôҲû˷ʱ䣬ںϧԼɵʱ䡣ΪǶʱһ˵ʱ䣬Լ̸ʱ䡣
ʩһˣɻ
֯Χëߺܿ͵ˣԷصرܿʩߣǶʱ䣬ʩҲæдʣҲûвʲô
Է㹻ʱ䣬ȥǰû顣
Ǻʩ֪Լ顣Ϊ϶ЦԼģ
Ͼһû飡
һûõĻ֯ĺܳĻͺܶˡ
ԷҪӡ
ûõʱǲ֪ġ
ʱôԵɺϣһʱԽñ֪ĳԵɺϵʱôͻȻأͱ˸ײˡ
ԷΪһ̫ѵɣû뵽һʼ飬ŷѡ
òˣ֯˼ִˣֵ
֯˼κ󣬲ˣ©롣
ػأ֯һУ֯˼ϣ֯˲𣬲֯Է㶼ˡ
֯˳ֵĺܣôôѣ
Էᡣ
ôģԼ
֯ãԷʼԼˡë߶ˣһᣬƨƨ߼˻
ټְּɡ
˵ܿҪɹˡ
¼ëߣר־ʱû뵽ʩϢˡ
Է̧ۡ
Ŀԡ
˼ӵʱ䣬ԷۼֿؽΧʩǿˡ
ڴ˼Ӻ󣬵ǰϲʣԷ㣬ڸ֯Χ𣡣
Է
˵


97 
ôܻ᲻أ
ʩŲ, ˣǾǸ֯ġŲôࡣ Ǹ֯ġ
ҿ˵
Է˼Ϊĺܳ, Ҫ
ҾͿһ¡
С
ԼȥĶ, ô
ֲЦ, ֻҪ֯ģʲôģҶϲ˵ĵġ
Է˿, 棿
ʩһߵͷ, һ̯˵Ȼ, ҿ
ǵԷ֯Χó, ĸǰʱ, ʩ, ¿һ۵ʱ򻹺ãϸ, Ϊϸϸһͻ֣ᷢÿһ֯Ķ൱Լɫ
ÿһ붼Լ뷨
˵òЦģԷԼĲ
ʩæǸǸ, ǸûЦ˼, ǾúܺÿĵĿġ
ԷŽɡ
ôŲţղģЦ̬
ߡ
, ֻҪ׼ĶҶϲʩٴκƶظ
̬ȿŻͦϿҵġ
Էûټƽʲô
ܺÿÿ, 㶼Ҫ˵ÿ
úúá
ʩô˵ÿ
, һ˯ü춼û˯һ, ⼸죬հѸдá׼ʼˡ
˵˯, Էϸϸһ룬кü춼û˯һˡ
ȥϴ裿Էʡ
ʩЦúϸ΢ء
Էһʼû˼ûϴ𣿡
ûСء
Էһû͸Ͽȥϴ¡ʲô
ʩ
˵Է²òһȥɣ
ǲ˵
Էⶺһ˼ˣ
ʩߵǰĹĵģǲǹģ
Էüҹʲô֪ʡ
ƺУ
ʩԼȷʵæҲˡԣæȲ
ʿˮ
Էô
Цĺܻ֪ˣҪʲôǹⲻ
ù֣
ʩб̼
һѽס
СȵϢԷľ䴦εòǷǡ
ҲŲءԷһ

ⲻףÿζϷŪ
ʩһѽԷڿգֵǽǴͼԣǹġ
˵ҪһȥƵĿռ䣬Է˲
ƱƱƽ
Է·ˡ
˵˵ʩѾʼߣǲ
Էȴǣպ
ĺܻ
Էͷܺܿûпڡ
ʩĴѾǵľ䴦ģԷվˡ
ˣ̫ˡ
ţּ֣
-ӺӿֳԷ޷ܾſļϣ
ǰˣĿĲݡ
ƽ
Էҧҧȥ
˭ѽǰ˻ڱƽβֹ-ˡ
Էһ
Ҫҧˣ
˵ôĴѾ쵽Ĵˡ
ԷԴӭȥ
ʩ֪Ҫǲ
㡣
Է
ġ
Ҳûء
˵ûУ
ԷչԴҪȥʩס˫֡
Ҹһ𣿡ʡ
Է˫룬΢죬


Ҫġ
ҪģԷ˵ˡ
ԷܵУҶ˵ˣ㻹ϷŪҡ
ʩһȥ˲ˡ
Ĵʪ
Էһ
ڲû
ҹעߡ

-
Էڿ֮ǰǰΧϳˡ
Ȼ֯ǿǿһ̣ԷΧʱûɵһЦ
ΧҪǴʩĲϣ϶кܶİɡ
ԭΪİ֯ΧĸоȥΧʱģ
Χá
׼Ͽʱʩϡ
ѾӦģܺÿÿŵģҶ˵ÿġ
ԷҲ֪ԼĪĵڶ˵ûʲôúµġ
ΪȷǸϲ
Ǹˣܰ
Բʲôϲӡ
ţ
-
һꡣ
ȥʩԷˣҲʱԷףҪҪԼŮѡ
ڣһꡣ
˵û뵽ڲ֪УѾһһˡ
һȻ˺ܶ飬Ϊ˴˶ڱ˴˵ߣйȥһУûʲô
Եпѡ
˸оеһУʵûô⣬ġ
һΣڼǰʩʹں߸һֻᡣ
ҪҪԷĸ裬ԽȺԽУ
֪Էһֱȥһֻᡣ
ʱԼ˵ҪȥֻᣬȥΪʱֶѾٽɢѾֹͣݳˡ
Էֻ֪֪κ飬롣
ԶţҪ顣
ԣںܶԺʩΪҲΪԼٴδһ̨
-
Է֪Ŀ꣬޻ֻĻΪֶר
֪ǣⳡֻʩרΪ׼ġ
һֱ֣ʲôֶѽ
֣˵Ҳ̫ϰصģҲ˵Էǵú˵ʱһ²ʩ
Էѹûصֶӣпܾǵʩֶֻӡ
Ȼú֣ΪʲôҪֻٰᣬȴһֱûʩ
Ҳ˵֪أȥæ˰ɡ
ðɡ
ԷϢҲûлء
˲ܵĵطȥ˰ɣ
Էһϴ˼롣
롪
һæ
ûпϢԼϢһصġԼо
-
sзɻ
ʩȽӵ֮ǰ¼ļֺ֣ϴǼôƽϢԷֺȨߣһǮ
ҲΪǸӮĹ˾֣Ҳҵվ
ѧķѧרҵԺϵĸ߲ùҽѧҲμӹҲŵʦڿһ˵൱ѵġ
ˡ
˶ܳ㣬ĸĸȴա
ھҲףԼģκ˽֤ʲô
ȥκҪ顣
ԵʩٴҵҪֶӵʱԥشӦˡңֶٴдĸ裬׵ġ
˵ֻһΣϣеһΣҿԼϲ顣
ԡ
ˡ
ʩʱһӵ
ӭ
лл㣬ʩϴЦݣȻûе緢Կ״̬˺ܶࡣ
ʩļ򣬡ʶǸѧԺ߲
֣ЦЦ
Σһһǰߵġ
ֶԱҲ½½˷ɻλźͺһˡ
˵ҵҲӦÿҵȰҲӦҪϲһˡ
ҶԱһμ棬ɳ˺ܶࡣ
ȻݳûʼʩѾӯĸоˡ
ֶӽɢҲûдͷһεĻᡣ


98 
ҹĻʼ١
ڰ߿ʼϯ, ˷ӲͬķӭƽһƬ谵ں, ȴƻͨ
ǰ, ֻ̨Ѿˡ
豸Ѿȫ, ƹҲʼӿ
ÿ˶æ
Է˿ʱ䣬ˡ
ֻߵ㿪ʼ, ڴҶѾֻǰ׼
ֵ, ûпʩӰ, ֻҪݳֶ, ûп
Է֣˵Ҳ̫˰, ǲĸڳⰡ, Ҫǰʲô𡣡ҪǣʩӲôס
֣ͷֳļ·, ѽⲻǻûʱҰһ, ǾȥԷ, ˵
ʡ
ԷԼﲻԣҶ˵֪
Ҳٶʲô, ŰСʱȺѾʼӿ˽
ϴλ˻Ҫࡣ
Էûʲô, Щˡ
óֻ, ͨʩĵ绰, ʱȺͻȻóһ
ֿĵ·ľͷ, һͣ
ԷֻĿⱻ˹ȥ룬ǽֶӵֳô
ű
һżˣͷϴѼñ˿ģװʹ磬ǽֶӵĳԱˡ
ԷҲܺ棬ĵֶֻӣôء
һŮˣŮ˶̷һС
ţ
ӦǼɣ
ܿ죬һθߴˣϱһĸӤȻ˺ǰ汧СŮˣӦǷޡ
֪ΪʲôԷʶʱȻˡ
ǵʩϴκ˵ֶиԱǰѧԺϵ˶ԱҵܿɼС
ѵǡ
ڳһ˺һɫ·ʩһ³
Ŵܿᡣ
ƽ￴һϮȹҡҷˡ
һŮдš
֪ΪʲôԷڿһ̣ͻȻ¶١
ʮ꣬ҪӰ
-
ߵ㡣
ֻ׼ʱ
Ⱥ֣Ҳھ۹ƴ̨ϵֶӳԱϿʼСԷȺ̨е룬ڻǲ̫ӦȺ̫֡
֪ʩһֱѰ³Ϳʼ
ԷֻԶԶؿվڹһسķ
ֿ̨
Ȼֿվ̨ϣ۹ƴϵһ̣Է۾ʪ
ʮ꣬ҿԿֶݳĻҲһʲô˵ᡣ
ô
ֻһˡ
ʮ꣬û¸ҵǰҪǸϵʽжӡһֱԼԨǲġ
ΪԼԸһԼԼԨ
˵ǣԼԼһѡ
һвŻӡ
̨ϣֶӵĳԱû˵κλ
ھ۹ƴϵһ̣Ϥǰ࣬ǳѸġþò
ĳУ߹߹·
ûҵӣĹ¶

Էױסˡ
ȥʱֹһΣص߹ֵֹһΣҪֻǰsСΪ֪ʩҪκ飬Ŭȥġ
ԣ϶sС
ȥôĵطΨûȥڵĳС
ʼ߱ǺֻΪټһ档
ʱʼûǸٴΪʮ꣬þȫ޷˵
ȴ⡣
صޣ£ٴʧȥ
ѡȥԡ
ֱڡ
еһУʵΡ
һԸΡ
-
ȻһֱȺʩ֪һ
Ŀʼжֱӱĸ䣬ҵʼն㡣
β
Ҷôһ棬ı䡣
ȥ˵ǰֻǺѡ
˵һ䡣
ֻ˵һ䡪
þò
סʩʡ
þòǶԺٴطԷ˵ģҲǶЩϲֶӵķ˿˵ġ
Һþò
Ⱥ﷢˼
ʩʩʩ
ഺ޻ڣԶɣ
ԶõԼ
ʩٴظװǣҺþòԶõԼ
̨ϵʩѬױɫĿں죬Ե⡣
ʱ·ص˺ܶǰһϮȹѧУĴãվڽ̨ݽ촽˵ҪԼȥκҪȥ顣
ԷԶΪĶ
-
һסþò󣬽ļ׸裬ֶӵԭ
ЩǾҹãȥȶҪһʻһдµĸ衣
ǵ룬Ǽкϣǵഺ£ǵĴ룬ǵȰ
ЩžӯĸʣЩʵĻᣬץԼǣȻھʵĴҲһδεطԼҲһδεȥɣΪʲôҪţΪʲôôʹ࣬Ϊʲôе飬ô⡣
Ϊʲô˵ôͨԼôû취⡣ΪʲôеһУ뿪У԰֮󣬾Ϳʼ췭ظı仯
ΪʲôЩֵȰѹĵףѹߡ
Щʹ࣬ѰӣǾһҵһΣһεĻʱһУʧˡ
ʱ˿̵ǣûмκεϣ
ûҪŬΪûһҪ׬ܶǮȥҺڣû˻᲻ϵط񶨺ǣڴ˿̣ǾԼ
Ǹ߳ǵȰΪԼа
߹;Ļϣ
Էڴ˿̣ų׵ףȫȫˡ
Ǿ䡰ѹɽʲôо
ҲʶӦѵػţľȥ
ܸĵģǱˡ
ʼռֵģԸıģԶֻԼ
Щϲ͵Ȱ飬ԶҪԼΪκζߵĵ
ԼϵĹ⡣
-
Է֪ûǣЩʣӣ˵òҲһֱġ
δй
ݳܳɹ˶ӯ
ߵķźڴŽģԷ֪µһ꣬Ҫˡ
ҲµĿܺµ֡
ĨԼʱ̨ϣʩһ׸
ͻȻð
ŻͲ֣˽
ܸоˡ
ʲôҪʹ
һӺ˵Һܸлܶǣٴطꡣ
仰е˫ء
֪Ϊֶӡ
һʼԷҲôΪģֱ˵Խ׸裬طдһŮġ
зǳҪĴڣң⿿ţͻرĺҸĴڡ
Խ׸裬͸
Ҳһһ꣬ҲҸһ
һס͸ҡ



99 ֣ϣ
˵
ԼҪ˰
Է仰ʱ, ˲
ôȥ룬Ǹзⷢ˰Ȼ͵͵дһ׸, ˵, ̹Ȼŵض,
ԼҪˡ
ֻҪرĺҸĴڡ
Ȼδϲȴ滮δС
ԷôܲĶ, ô᲻ӯ
ôûио, ôûбء
Ǹ, һᾡ, ҪġȫС
Լ޵İ⡣
-
ʩŻͲ, һ, еһз·𱻶Ⱥðʩ΢ͳ, ˵һ渵Ĺ¡
ڳһֵʱԷһ
еĿⶼ, ȫû취һֱ, Ҫ˰
ʮ꣬Ѿʼ
һֱرϲǸ˰ҹ, еһУƺûʲôֵڴʱ,
ֻҪһ뵽, ͻҪּټһ¡
ֻҪ, мĿܡ
вͻ֣̿Լʱ, ʼգ
Է¶١
ԭһֱ֣ܿΪߡ谵ЦʼڡҲΨһļ֣ᡣ
κ˶޷Ĺ⣬ΨһĴڡ
Ҳصҵߡ

-
βĲ֣мİࡣ
ʩ峪˸оĸ»Ͳ۹ƴϡ
ʮȾϹݳĹǣԱл⡣
Ǵǰڣÿһݳ󣬶ǳгұʾԼл⡣
ÿһϲֶӳԱĹڣҲܸлǵϲҲΪϲţϿɣԼ顣
Ҳһ
κͱŵ
̨
ѾµҪʲôˣ˶Ծÿһ
Ǹ̨ϷⷢҪȥĻϲˡ
Է׸󣬸оԼ·ǻصʮꡣͷվ̨ǰڷ
ֻʱȫû뵽ںܶԺΪǸվߵˡ
Է̧ۡ
ʩѾߵĸǰ֪ʲôʱһ
ԷЦõ֣վ֪ԭһУǴҼƻõġ
Ϊһϲ
˻⻹С
дһ֡
ԷĻ
ﻹţӦһһأһ磬ӰûмΪˡ
û뵽
ʵʲô鶼ǵá
Էߵߣỽһ䡣
ԷȦģ벻Ŀꡣȥû뵽ʩͻȻסû뵽ʮǱһֱһ飬Ȼʵˡ
ػǹġԷС˵
ʩʣô
Էһôжҿޣڴǰˡ
ҲŲǸ˼ءʩ˹ıӡ
ߡ
㲻ϲ
ϲ˾׼ľϲôܻ᲻ϲ
ΧȺ׷壬ÿ϶ЦݡǰԷϲ֣ΪԼ޷ס˶ϲ͹עΪ֪ӦҪôӦ
ڡ
зһʱ񲻻ǰоʣǴ̹ȻؽܣЦݣллװ㡣
ŶŶŶŶŶ
װװװģһһһ
ÿֻҪ壬ǽһһԷЩ˼ڶˣҲܻ䡣
ȥ
ʩ§סǣԷҲ󷽻Ӧ
ĺˣҲҸԷ˵
ʮô룬Ժϲˣǰǣô룬ϲᱻõϿɡ
ߵôˣĽ
ЩȥһУ񶼳Ϊ˼ȥľĺ
κ飬ֻҪһ𣬶ӭж⡣
మɣɵɵһпѡ
-
쵽ʮʱȺֿʼ֡
ֳ֣ѾҡDJԷһεֳ̨գ
˲ʼܵഺ궯ϢоʻֿʼʩӣһȺ
Щϰߵ֣ϲķΧһ̣о֡ķΧûл˭Ҳû˻㣬⡣
ÿ˶Լÿ˶Ƕɵĸ塣ÿ϶й⣬ÿ˿ĶԼ
ͷţ֣ϡ
µһˡ
ڵʱʼһ̣˶ʼ֡
ʮʼÿһ֣Źȥÿһ֡Щõ£ǺõĻģӦҪˡ
ֱһ
顪Ӷ̻գƽ汻̻֣
ְ
2021Ҳһµһꡣһвõ飬ȫɢǶԽԽõģ

˶̻Ըÿ˺ڴáʼնϣһˣϲˣǶڴĵ
Ұ㡣
Էһο˵ǰǺšͣϲҪˣǻѡʲô˵
۵ķ̫أԼû취ס
ھ˺ܶȻˣʵֵñġеһУΪֵá
ʩ⡣
ٴ§סǡ
Ҳ㡣
ҲԶԶԶһֱమ

-
ӭ2021ꡣ
Էôо״̬رõһꡣƿţʵĿһ̿ʼ
͸оرá
ֻסŮԵޣҲһºҵ
ֻǳӪҵڼ䣬ѾкܶŮԵĹ˿ͿʼǰԤԼˡڴסڴеһС
Ϊ
ǰûġ
ȻֻŮԿסùݡ
һںߣ۸͵û롣
ȫأȴΪһޣ
ڲҲһᵽ
һʼʩĻûʲôסأϾٻŮԶԳСΪǿټϰҲŮԣһ£ŮޣȻûʼӪҵѾԤȡ
ҲΪȫܶŮҪ򿨵ĵط
ΪУԺޱεĵط
Ϊ˾ࡣҲվڵµƸߵȥָ㣬ˣָֻš
ÿһˣƽȡ
ƽȵÿһ˶ֵñ
ֵñԴ
-
һº󡪡
翪ҵʵʩԭǴϦҹ֮ڿҵģϾģӦúٻŮԳаɣ
û뵽ǣܶ˿˽ܲڳϦҹ֮ǰͿҵ
ʩǣ겻ؼûйϵ
ǵĻشʩĿ
֮ǰѾ̫ؼˡ⼸Ҳһֱһˣԣһֱȥɢɢġ
ԵĻͦȥһġ
Һܸоһҵҵĸо



100 ֣У
ֻסŮԵĺ޿ҵ, ǳ֡ʩѶ࣬ټ޵ر𣬺ö黹Ѷǰף, һЩƷ, Ҳ˻Ϳҵ
϶Ů, ޣǶ⡣
Ҳϣ, ҵַ̻, ǰμӿҵʽ, һһ
ʩǰ׼, ûǿһˡ
ʩκ, 㵽, ǵúȫ
ҵĵϣ޾Ѿˡ
ʱûס, ˾Ƶֻ꣬Ϊμӿҵ䡣
ٹǳϦҹ, ЩǰԤԼסĹ˿, ϶һ𲽡Ǻ񣬴һʼʹ߹ڡ
еһˣڴдƴ, ׬Ǯһ꣬˳ҪǮ, ûиʲôĺͰڶûؼ, Ϳʼ߻, ʾʾҪǮˡ
Ͼ˶ָ׬Ǯáȴδ, һ˳⣬׹ô
缸ؼҹ꣬ڼھһܣ·Ҫ죬ڼ죬ҪгȥסýźãֻҪǸеľ͸䡣ֻҪ΢ţͿԶˡҪǾܾҪǿ϶ԷǾ۹ߡ
̫ˣ䶼ôˣզô

֮ÿǼ죬ǷǳʹϢ
һΣǾؼҹˣŹԼ
еһģǿԴ󷽵ǣ֣ҲЦݣ̹Ȼضߵ˵ҵĶ¡ڱĵطǶôܵĶҲҺΧ˵¡
꣬ھҪ֮ǰǺ¸ҵغͼ̹׳ǲϲԣҲԽġ룬޷Ѿļȶʵ
в
һͨá
˵÷ǳأ϶ǻزȥġҲû£꣬Ѿҵ˿ȥĵط
е޼ҿɹŮһŮڣĸǰ뿪ԴӸĸ뿪Ƕ̬ȣҲ䲻еݺ£ϵΪ˸˵£ûΪõġҲûˡ
ûмˡ
һЩǺͶ̸˺ܶеΪԷֵ֣еΪԷĸͬ⣬ѡ˷֣еΪԼ˲ͬԶ޶ֿġȻҲЩΪû̸£е̸˺ֶܶԷһֱƭԼ
֮ٶܵһЩ˺ϿƵ󣬾úֻһǰ
Ϊ˵ǡ
渵Լʱʩƺܹ鵽ΪŮԵĲסظ飬Уȴܶ͡ʱΪԼԼʹࡣ
֪һЩ˻²ԣΪ⣬Ϊ˸飬Լʹ࣬ȴҲ᲻÷¡Լʹ֮С
ʩԼޣ񳬹ʼġ
һʼں߿һޣΪԼϲߵɣϲޱ޼ʣϲվںƽȥճϲʱĺˡ
ԼȥӴȫصÿ͡
ޣһҾƹݡ
ƹһֶ̨Ӻ͸פʼҲΪԼ
ѧʱҲһ̨Լ
ЩԼҪ飬ںر˴ҵһޡǸо㣬һԶΪġ
ŮԵᡣ
-
Ϧҹ
ʩһκôһ꣬ҲǵһΣȫزͬطһҹ
ЩÿǣƺҲû뵽ĳһ죬ǾȻᵽһİĳУһȺʶˣһӭµһꡣ
ǵĹСѵǵ̣ҪԣҪ£ҪԼΪȿǼˣЩŮҵµһ˫ε֣ǵıһֱǳǰߡ
ǡ
˳ģҹҹЩ˵ΪõļǣȴѪĶħҪŬϰԼʱһ˫ε֣ץס
ĺܶԶգʹ಻
-
Ϧҹҹÿ˶æ
İæľǸڣɨŵƽʣϲ׼꣬ȻǵһξһԷÿ˶Ȼ
㲻Ǻͼһ꣬ȴܵ֡
ʩ˺̻ܶ𣬴ССĶУҳҹں̻߳ҲԵƹȥȾơ
֮һҶڴĳϦҹ
еһж׼õʱʩŵ־ޣ֪ΪʲôĪж
ǰûġ
û뵽˾ȻȻسˡ
ٱ
ϣÿһĽǣԶԼһϿɣԼϣԶĵĿ֡
ʦ˵ԶҪһ٣ٶ䷳ؾԼˮ֮СԶõԼҲԶõ
Զǵļҡ
ƣʱĸ壬ʱ򣬶رĺͿֵĴڡҲһֱڡ
ðҮ
һԵģ
Զţ
׶ڳŮԶۡ
Էıϣһθоǵ
ĵڲ̨ĿᣬԷǵСʱÿζڴᣬΪԿʵħݣÿζܰԷЦ
ڳܶûȥˡ
ʼæĸһ׼ҹɱɱѼ࣬ٵ㣬šһҪѧġĸһܴͳŮˣΪȻǳҹһҪʢ
ÿ꣬׼öƷ
ЩƷҪԷһæ׼ģһ㶼ϲЩˡ
Ǹ׺͵ܵϲ
ǴȥæѲ˷ϣô򵥵飬Ƕȥ
Ǵʱ򣬶ܱչš
ںܳһʱ䣬Էر
ÿϦҹرۣ۵ֻǶȻϴ룬ȥš
ûʲôԸģҲûʲôڴġ
ֻۡ
۵ֻһţе˶ˡ
ֱڡ
һ˶֣˶±˵Ĳ׵ĵطоΪһŮʵӡ
ʼջϣ
һһֱǵñ˶ǵĺúᣬЩȥܹ˺ǵʯһǿվĸߣΪ˳ɡ
ҹеں߷̻
ÿ϶ŷĵЦݣһ̣ص˺ͯʱΪһǳϸС飬оġ
ҲΪӵԼҪĶо֡
ǱԴǿԱСӣǸõŮ
Է˺ߵˡ
ʩعͷô
Էҡҡͷû¡
뵽ˣ뺰һ֡ûκ飬뺰֡
ʩҲûоĪ֣һѽ§˻
װС㡣͵͵˵
ԷԼСʵ޵ֿػأʩϰкָʾ
ʩְ߲ࣺ
ôΪ˵֣
ԷŶһ
˵̻ˣǾȻطɡ
Է


101 ֣£
ʩĸڴں, sеġ
˵Ǹĺ֣ܲ뵽סһʱ䡣ʩûʾ巢ʲô, ʱӦ˵ԡ
㿴, ȥ㡣ʩ˵
ֱӾܾ, ãԼȥԴӽСеĶڼͥ, Ҳûȥʲôط
ò׳, Ҳʡʡǵġ
⼸Ҳǰ, Ҳ˵Ǯ
ҲӦԼȥ, Ȼһǰû顣, Ȼ뵽, 볢ȥ
á
ʩûûٹʲô
ֱȥƱϣ˸Ʊ, Ȼͼʩĸ, , Ʊ㶨á
Էûپܾ
˵˾䣬ллҵıŮ
ˣԷʺá
õġ
Է֪ʩĸҪsк, ¶ϲı飬ҪѽԴϴʩĸĸǰ˵ǼҵԷĺ, Էÿ˵ʩĸʱ, ҲֱӸʩһġ
˵ĹϵѾ, Ҳ͸Ӳܻˡ
ǰʩֻǣء
ԷĵЦ, ˵Ƚҡ
ʩһôǱȽҵġ
СԷ뵽ʲô
һ˹ĲҪȥô
ܶ೤ķǣ˵Ҫﻹǻ롣
Է˾䣬ʩҡҡͷ֪ʲô˵ȥ˵Լ˵ǺܾûˡϴΣҰߣѵĸ
Էͷ룺᲻ϴ
ӽʮСʱĳ̣վ󣬻ҪתСʱмĳ̣㹻˺ľġ
ѹ죬˵ʱʩڼʱ״̬
ʩû˵
Էοû£βǰ˸Ʊԣ϶ǿĵġ
ʩͷ˾䡣
ʩļ֮ԿȥϲϰҲĸģ׾ôɲȥЩǮĸ׾ãбҪȥϵġԵǱǮҲĸ׳ġ
̿ΣΪ˺ĸ״һܡ
ֱܶԺʩԼˣʼȥܹϵƺʼ⣬ĸΪ˶ôõ
Щ
ǲ׸ġ
ĸףƾԼΪȡġ
ȥʵԼ룬ȥվ̨ϷⷢΪĸ׸ĵ
ûʹĸףǷ֡
ǷԼ
ΪĸףδԹһĲǡܹǸĸߵȽȻֻһרǸĴר൱ߡ
ҵֱӷ䵽ҵλʼһ˵ȽȶĹҲ˵롣
ڱ˵Ľ£ʶʩİְ֡
Ҳҵ࣬˶ȶټʩİְʱ򳤵ûԡ
ʱ˽Ӵʱ򣬻Ǻϵ
ֻû뵽С֮ǰһжܺгֱһŮңںߵôȰ˵ҲֻһŮĴںʩͿʼƽˡ
ңʼúν
ҲְнĴССҲˡʼֻԼܣÿֳԼΪңŬع˶һǳõɷ͸ס
ֻʩĸԼ֪ˣʲôġ
ʩĸײȥ˵ãֻҪһҪǱȻġ
ټĻЩ£Ȼᷭٳһ顣һʩĸס
ΪĶӲ
ûʩһӡ
Ϊһˣ˿𡣱˵Ϻ󣬱ǿЦ˵ˣա
ܶ࣬ÿĸ׶ᾡܿʩ
һֱԼϵȥʩȫ
ʩûиϵ⼸꣬ҲһֱάϵŮͼĹϵ
˺ܶʩ֪顣
ŮҲάϵԼɷĹϵΪֻҪԼһӺĸ׵Σһ˾ͿһԹġ
ˡ
һιϵǿһάϵġ
ιϵԼʲôλá
ܳһʱ䣬Ҳô
ʱãҲȹʹһʱڣھԼʱƴȥֺνɷ
ϣõɷϿɣҲϣɷԼŮ
ˡ
ֺʽϿɣֻݺݵر˰ڵϡ
޷
ڣѾݵͣҲҪΪԼһΡҪ뿪ǸоϢͲӵļң뿪ǸֻļȴûκιϵͰνļҡ
͵ԼĹģŮġ
Ǹŵˡ
-
Էû뵽ʩĸȻֻһˡ
䶼ûУЦ˵öණҶӵˣ·ʲôģҴ㵽򡣡
ЩȥĶҪѡ񶪵
˶ûжʲôǺ֪ǣʩĸھҪ뿪Ǹҵʱʩİְǲͬġ
Ȼˣô죿
ʩĸΪ˵ѾϰߺһҲ֮Ļû뵽һ¾˵ǣķ˭·˭ϴ˭չˣ㲻ô˽ֻԼ
ʩĸһ̣Ҫ뿪ġ
Ϊ֮ǰǸˣȴԼ岻Ϊɣδе
ͺΣÿһΣʩĸҵɣԼٸһλᡣ
ϾôˣҲĵԡ
ںĺܶУȻˣ죬ˣ޷ʱǲҲչġ
еΪãûжϡ
һۿԼ·
Ҳһ̣Ҫ顣
뿪Ǹ˴뱲ӵļңȻȥԼŮŮһĻ͵ĳȥӡ
֮һˡ
ҲԸټ֮ǰ
飬ԷȻͬ⡣
Щ̫ҪˣǸеĶԼҪһЩ֤֮ģģԲҪ
ǸңģԼŮ
Ůȥˣʲôأ
ֻȥԼ
ôֱ꣬ڲʶ
һоʹˣҪıһԼ
Ǳˣָȥı䣬ԼŬȥԼҪķ
ʩĸ赭д˵Щʱʩķ·𱻾Ƶģ͵һ¡
Բ衣Щֻ꣬ԼˣȴˣǸ˹Χˣĺòá
ɵŮʩĸ˱˵ھһжܺãҲ̤ʵ
ʩ۵ͷԸԸ⣬ҺԷһ𰡡
ʩĸҲۣܺԼŮסһô᲻ԸⰡȻһߣڣǺߡ
ԷʩĸһֱܹɵվһԵԷǰ뱧ǡ
ԷΪԼٻӵĸһ̣еظܵˣĸ׵İ
Զһ˵ġ
ҲԶԽԽõġ
ΪֵãΪھвõɻȥ磬ֵεġ
ԣҲԶҪȥԼҪȥĵطȥԼҪˡ̤ǺʹҪ߹ǰĺڰֻҪǰߣͿԿ⡣
꣩


102 һ
޵ԽԽ, ǵÿ춼пһкܶ춼ֱ򿨣ǵ򿨵, Ǹ춼һ
ʵ֤Ҳȷʵ, ֻҪ˸صƵ, ܿɹۡ
ҪסҪǰһԤԼˡ
ܻҲʩȫû뵽ģֻ뿪һҺ޶, ȴΪȫص򿨵ĵط
, ԷӰҵĵ, Ҳŵһ֮, пյĵڡ
æ, ÿ춼æ
æµ, ƺ˸оƣ롣
ΪΣ, бͷæҲζſ׬Ǯ
޺ӰҶ, ȷʾ, ֻҪŮԡҲһЩѧ幤
֡
֮ǰ̫ˣ޺;ƹҲѾǵסˡʼγһҵĻƷ, ܶеÿͣ᱾ܵ뵽ط
кܶƷƷ㵽߿µĿ, ҲҪġ
ܱߵ, Ҳ׷׿ʼЧģʽ, ͶˣͶʽһҵСԽ֡
Ȼ޺еطɫ, СԻд
Ժöܴʩ޺ȥصȥ̸ǷͨͶ꣬ߴһɫСԽ֡
ĿͶҲԣ⸽̫ˡһܺõ̻һҪչС
ǳԺסֵȣȫͨһҲܴߵľá
س˺ɫ⣬Դι۵ءsڽ̴ƫỵ̂⸽һǸĻصĲҵԡ
ֻҪеɫģԿ
Եʩ˷ȥҵصȥ̸ʱְҵװϵױǡôŵЦݡ
һƺʶ
Ѿǰֻһ˵sŮˣʩܣʩϰ壬һ˵еˡҲڶ̶̼ʱԼƷƵĻι˾ҵ漰
Ҳһֱͷڱ˵
Ϊ̸һĿ˺Ⱦ⣬ûκεĻȨʱԶŵЦݡ
һֺرĸо
ЩҪ飬ġ
ۡ
ĳÿ
·Էصذѡġ
һɫ°ɫְҵװȹһţȴֵ㵽Ϊֹ֪ô۵ģԷ⡣
ڿһ̣Է۾ˡ
ҵÿ˵²н㣬˼еҰԷѾʩĳ£õȨ
ܶʱʩоѾԼ֮ˡ
лл佱ʩҲ󷽷ػӦһ˵һҪͷ
Ұ㡣ҪͷԷһ߹ȥ
ʩ˳΢ףԷҲȻ̧֣ͷͷ󣬾ߵĸǰѳá
Էžüҿ۹⡣·صȥĳߴ綨Ƶġ
ʸʡ
Դȷ˹ϵʩûԼ·
Էѡģÿ·ʩϲһϵʣչֵ쾡¡
ʩһѽסҪȥ
ȴԷ㿪ˣױỨˣȻûǡ
ʩЩʧ䣬ֻҪһǰˡ
Էż⣬С˵ҵм䣬
롣
ʩʿˮȸͷô
ȵ϶ô
СԷֱӾܾˣҪ¡
ԴӰԷҵı˭ǿʲôҵ
Ŷʩ˴üۡ
Ȼĳûඡ
ҪȻȡһ°ɣ
ʩ롣
̧ͷĿŵ͸һ֮
Է
ǰôûôճ˵ѽһ֮˺޲ùϡ
Էžµףﻹеطס
ǲס
ˣ
Ρ
Էֻ΢΢ͷǰӡ
ǽ覵ĺᴦһǣᣬʩоʪ
Գ֮ǡ
ʩͷһμ˰֮ںᴦģأֺܹˡ
ϻ֮ǰһѱסԷߵ͵͵˵
úúá
Է룬Ŀ󰡡
Ҫȥ˼̸ĿôﻹЩ¶
֪ǣʵʩﻹеŵġ
ϾĿҪ̸ˣ޷ģҲǲɹġȻҲһķգʩ˵ڷա
ԸȥԿ
ԷҲÿһѡ
-
ʩһκ̸Ŀ죬һ˺ſ˶Էˣ뿪ʱ룬ԴڷΡԷֱſˣԷѣôϵõЩġ
ŷûаĿ̸תȥktvǾưɼ̸
û뵽ܺȡ̸ߣ㵽ŶԷ˳õ˸Էĺ󣬲˵Է˳ͻص˾Ƶꡣ
졣
źͬͽ˵˵ھƵ¥£µ̯ڵϡµۣһ̣һֻ˵Сè
Ҳ֪Щ󣬾ذ
ΪҪΪˡ
Ϊֵá
ʩҲһظԼһڸõġһġ
ҲȥͶԷ̸Уһֺá
Լĵƺļֵ
-
º󡪡
Էڿһɴʩĸһɴա
һʼʩĸЩ̫˼ϾѾˣһ˴ɴĵѽ
Է˵裬˭˵Ůһ˴ɴѽӰҴƳһײ͡ŮԼĻ񣬴ǵģء
ôԣ
ʩĸ̫ţϾѾһˣҲ𽥷ôÿҪǣɴĶСƤĺã϶ơ
Ҳû취ٶˡ
ԣô˼ء
ȻʩĸѾʶԼҪ֮ǰڽ˼ʱǻе㲻š
ֻһ顣
ҲǻƻŮʱȷʵ
ֻʱޣңʩǸˣûʲôʽСҲ߸ˡ
ֱڣʩĸź
Ҳһֱȥһ顣
ΪȴδӵйҲ֪ܲӵˡ
ǡ
û뵽ǣԷ˵ºһͷ
һϵС
ӻɴοʼ
ûĸŮӣԾܾ˵İɡ
Ǹ׶ΣŮԶᱻϸڣᱻʽ򶯡
ԷԴΪ㣬ƳȺΪȫزͬ׶εŮ
롣
Էܿ϶ظʩĸҾʺϵġ
ŮǸ׶ΣĶһŮ⣬ֻҪﻹԼ뷨ԶΪӡҲҸ뿴ӡ
ԣԿòá
ʩĸЩܹܶίҲԹٿ࣬δԹҲȥޣΪ֪޸ûá
Է˵Щʱ¶١
ܼδ˷ףǲТЩָֻţʩĸֻ֪УǼŮͬʱӵŮ
ŮֲȥгԹĿࡣ
㹻İ⡣
ãһжֵõġ
ԷȰ˵£ͷáҾԿ
ںһ˵ǣһ𡣡
ţ
ʩĸԣ뿴ǰһ񡣴ǾúܺÿĻɴ
Է㶣˵Һ𣿡
Ȼѽ
Է΢٣𣿡
Ϊʲôԣʩĸر϶˵Ķûκҿ˭


103  ڡǡĻ
󡪡
ֲ, Ϊһλͬ͵ŮŻɴлеļ޸Լ, еǼ޸ͬΪŮİ, еǵ, Ҳе衣
ǶŮԡ
⣬һЩʹ
ϻٻһЩȱ, , ҲһƬ, ̥ǵŮ
ж֫Ů, ҲΪ֫Ů
ʵ, һֱڽ
Ϊʵ, ΪԱ֮, ǻẦ¼⡣
ǵȴޱȵᡣ
Է˿ʱȥﱸһ
Ӳ߻⣬ѰҲ, Լ, ڻĲ߻һڳﱸ͸ġ
Ҳ֪ԼִԼһҪ顣ʩĸ, 뿴ʩٰһʱð뷨ˡ
Է, Ѿˡܳһʱ, Ҳ, ʱԷûġ
һΪ, ʲôòˡ
û˻Ͽǵģ˶ǡ
˷ףǲĿƵµ͸˽׷á
ŮŮС
ʵЩ˸Ͳʶǡ
Щδı棬ȴΪⷢļȶʵǵ֪ΧڣͿʼˡ
ȻԷ˵⣬ʱ򿴵ۣǻúѹġ
Ҳ֪ӦЩ޹ؽҪ˵Щʲô
˭ϣԼͲϲ˭Ҳ뱻Ե޹ʵر
ʩĸӣҪ֪ʵܶ飬û취˶ġǾܣԼʹͿˡ
ÿ䣬ǻԼʹġ
ʲô飬ֻҪɡ
֮ԷµĲ߻
룬ʵУȥѰһЩرŮԣϣ֮꣬ԴҪϵĻɴ
ٰһԼĻ
뷨ʩʱҲõĿ϶
뷨˼˵
ԷһֱڵͷǵģҲã
ʩЦЦˣһϢ
ţ
ϴǸĿ̸ˡ
𣡡
ţԣӦû֣϶кܶԸġ
ҲһĿټԴҲһӰֵȥͶʡ
иɾˣԷ
ΣһҪã
-
տʼȥʱ򣬺ܶԷҪġΪÿһȥ˽⣬ЩŮʱʹޡЩŮþȫҪԼУжħ˫֡
ץסǵ
ֻúõĻţҪҪǵ
öԣñԻ
̰ҥƫá
ǲ˭ܽǣ٣Ҫȥ˺ǣѾˡ
Ц˵ҹʵ鶼дˣ˴оˡ˵ٵȵȰɣȿ괺Ļ뿪ɡ
ոһգ긴һꡣ
ÿ춼ѰҲͬķʽȥԼ
ǾԼ˵ĵ㣬ΪǺ񣬻ٵһȡĳһᣬ磬һĶʹ⡣
磬һõĹޡ
Ǻܻơ
ԷЩ£ȫþͷּ¼
ɼ¼Ƭþͷȥǵ͹¡ȥø֪ˣÿһ˵ʽ
Ҫȥ˺Щ޹Ůԡ
Ƕʹ
ЩزԷ˲ֹһΣ˲ֹһΣÿΣȥƵʱÿһζ棬оؿһϡ
кϢнΧ
ڵϣͷŬ
ɻû취
ЩܷõŮԵУһŮڵеҴߣȫ˶ڵѣһˣڱʯͷѹҹ󣬱˵ؾȳ
˫ȴΪѹ񾭣֫ˡ
ʱȥ˺ܾãʹǣ뿪硣ΪҪúûȥһֱš
ҽƿƼӵһ˫֫
ֻţվߣٵһЩ򵥵赸󣬲ȥڲļ֫
һֱƵ¼ԼõḶ́Ҳ˶ջ˰顣ǡ
ȴΪҵһáѹԼԷĸĲͬ⣬˷ֿ
еĹ⣬Ҳһ㵫ˡ
˵֪Щ˵ôĻ𣿡
˵ȥˣ˵һȵģƾʲôȥһˡ˵ҲһŮģΪû취С˵Ҽ˶ˣΪʲôһܺúõػšʱ룬ΪʲôҲʯѹءʱˣ˵ܱ˼סڱ޹á
֪Լʲôֻúõػš
ΪһŮİɣȻÿ춼ʰԼԼѧϰ̬ȡԼϱãҲ֪ԭҲǴġ
Ҵδ飬ȥֻǺܸлԭĻˣ޷˵ңҵ⡣ͬʱҲᱻ𡣡
ֺγһ˰ˣǣԺҵļˣͻ᳹׵ˡҲûˣʱǹǡ

һ̣Է֣κϵİοԵõ
ΪǰǸԶҪǿεıУϵȥԼ
Լˮ֮С
ƵЦ˵֪Щ˽ҵ˵У󲿷ֶŮԡʱͦ벻ͨģͶŮԲΪʲô˻ȥ˺ԼͬࡣҲνˣܻһһ졣
ЩôҴδκˡ
ԷΪѡеһɴǴʹġ
Ը磬籩޸ĻȥһԼŬˡ
-
ÿһ˵ļ¼Ƭھ˵˵ͬ󣬻ڻֳĵ첥š֮ٷϡ
һɴҲǺüҲͬĻ칫˾ԼƷƷ͸λμӻŮԡ
ԸÿһŮԣܱԴ
ڼ¼ƬԷʩ
Էû뵽ԼһԼľͷʹôŮԣǵ
ôĹ£֣ʵԭͥ˺΢ġ
ΪЩӰ죬ֻҪͨԼŬͿȥ
ȥȥѰ
ǡ
һЩˣŬû취ȫҵԼ
ԶᱻһЩǣס
ЩҲû취ġ
ھͷǰôʶģʹǵôȷԼϲŮġ
ԷʩһЦʮ꣬ʶġ
˵ʱʩһֱĿ
֮ǰʵҶνһϲֵͨǣΨǺرġҲһֱãԱ޹Ůǰˡ
ǶҪ¸һ㣬¸һ㡣
ȥѰԼ
ʩͷʾϿɡ
ͷһת
˻ֳ
ÿŮƯ
ʩĸһδ˽һ̣оΪŮԵĸԡ
Ҳˡ
Լġ
ÿ˶ӦԼĹ
豻ҡ
Էʩǽ߲һƯŮƵ˾ͷǰʮָۣ¶Цݡ
»֡
ףÿһ޸ԼŮԣܱ磬Դ
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