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⣺ھ澳棬ǿϢ


1 
ģ΢紵İӣСҡҡҷҷĲ֪ϧ
ҡεĻ廪ž軭ϣİɫװ޳ָסӡ廪︹ɲҲ֪ʲôӣ֮ϵоûͣ
ԽӣԽǷ̧꣬ۿǰǸ˿Ůˣɻ˷Ƶ
ιôӰ
廪ڸɲϣ˫ֱأһɻؿǰǸΣΪĵоЩܡ
ϸǰŮˣϴŰľװһɫ˿棬˿߸ߵɫķβӵһۼŮˣ廪һֹʣһڶѩһݵϢ
û廪Ҳգջ󻷹һܣһ
ׯϵĴȻ΢ЦţȻżѺۣ񱻶ҧˤϡΧ˿ż֨֨һƬùζϽϳʪ˾òʡ
ɭңξñ쬵ģ֮˵֪Ů²£Լеµġ
Ҳ֪ǲǱ廪꾪ˣ΢΢ۣ粦һ컵Ρİ˿סü֮Ǻ⣬ȴҲס͸⣬Ҫ˽һ֯С
Ǻ͸һ˿⣬廪ȻʮµİѩƮһɫĻ񶼲֪Ǻ컨ʲô֣ȴʮꡣ
ôһ廪ͷʱȣȻƿĿ⣺㿴ңҲΪ˾㣬˳ֲŰ°ߡ
˵Ӣۻ£βڳһ˿ŭǳǽԲ
ʱصʱ֮ǰʱѹһһȵӢۻ᳡֮ϣɵʹֽ⽣Ӱ֮伸żΪһЩѧϵִò֡
Ȼȴȱȱʦºʾ֮󣬱ɽɽȥ
廪Ϊ˿ݺһɵ֮УǰŵººȥѰһѰζΪλδ
廪ԼɵĵӣæӦ£Ȼɽɽȥ廪ڰɽѰ˺һһЩ̫гĶԭǼɵĵδ
μȲʵҡҡڰڵģ԰׵㺹ܲȻҩ廪֪ԣʹһл㾦ѸٷǼɵӵѨٰһ߷ɡ
ٺ١
廪֣ȻزǼڵϺ۵ˣ˭ʹɵ书
㣡¶ˣ
廪굱ʱҲ֪ôģ飬¾ͰʹңߣͲӰ
ʱصڣ廪α޵⣬һ·Ҳ˵ԼֻһӢۻķɲһɵĵӣݳģС
Ҳ͹ˣһ仰û˵˴ϴƳҩδߡӾˣλûһ˿°ߵĻҸУһϲ廪ʮִܡ
ҷҷ廪ָӴȣĿ˫ɢµǹ⣬ҪǾƶˡ廪ɿЩ̣ԼĲӣĿ˳ƿȥ
κ촽Ҷˡ
廪ס˳Ĭãһ仰֣
˿潥ɫ̾ʱδʳ
˵ɵĵӸ̬ɣʵţ߸ϵӡ廪ҲΪǰɣȴֻǸҪʳķˡ
ңҿûӡ
ʵ廪ҲˣԼη׷ǹʣ֪ǵѣǲԸźġ
һ񣬾Ҳûô
αüۺƻ˱˪ڳ˼Ц⣬廪̲סֱۡ
Ц
㣬ô֪ǵģ
廪Լʦ̵ŶԡԣҲ˼ԼʵģΪλ֪Īթң
ң֮
廪۽Ⱦϲɫ˵⻰廪껹ͦģ书ȻҪ˼֮ġ
ʵңΪ˽ֵų±ֽ˸ɹ
ǵɵѧǽͷһһͨ˻ȥһ˲ڴϡ͵ŵһ룬ŭȥ׷ɱ׷ɱ֮˽
͵˹ټͷϣѰ˸Ѳɳñ͵˳ͷϣð˸Ѳȥ飬һӡѰţܣµİչͷ֮
ңν̤ʦ棬һŲڹټͷϣڽгϵҲ档
УȥԵġ
廪ֺǺǵ߳뿪ǻ谵СߵСӵм
ȵȣԼλ𣿰ˣӱӰɣ°ҲֻǸ⡣
һ·ϣ廪꿴Ž͵ĽС߹ǴӾٰӢۻ˫ǹģﶼ˵һ¡
һϿӱ°ˡ
һϿӣǸŮ˾Σ廪û뵽Լ°߽һˣղŮ˵һ˫֮»Ź˵⣬廪ļ΢
ûǵ
ʱмԵѾ̯廪ֻڽһǮȥջЩóԵġ
һջеŮŮ̸ۣ˲ˮСҲ̲ספš˵𾢵һ󺺣˵ÿĭɣ˵ǵε
廪꿿ڽţҲȤмֿĳɷֱ֣
ǵòǽһͽ׳߰˳ߣˣŮ˼˶
ӻɫ˵ţʱһ
廪ˣüͷһȻڹ̨˳һŻסǴӻ˵ʲôʱָһǻֱֱǴֻǴһͨ죬˫סԼӣһ仰˵
ǰ鿴ǴӾ۵һ³һѪѪлһԲĻס찡ģһ򵥵ֶ˵ˡ
ƹʱӳһŴĶһ߰ʳеݸ廪ꡣ
͹٣ʳС
廪꿴ǴһۣлﴵСıQQػȥˡ
û뵽ξȻûӣԭû䡣
廪ʳеݸκ󣬱ܿǶѸɲҲ˲ϰ»Ūࡣҧһڴȣζ̲࣬סֶ˼ڡ
һԵ΢΢ɴذ˳ָסŴ׸͵ССڵسš廪Ťϸ͵͵ȥֻܿһ°ͣȻ廪ЩԹһ˿˵ķ顣
ɺץӸˡ
Ͽӣ
תת۽Ƕ¶飬΢΢һ궼Ҫˡ
ˡ
˵ûʲôĿȴһ廪Ǹɫ˿統ߵǮɻ󣬶󲻽Ц̾һ
ҿɲܷ뿪ˡ
廪ǺЦͦ˵ӡκβҲţ˹س׸⣬Ŀ̶廪Ǻڰ׷ϡ
ܸıòɸı䲻۾廪ҹе£͸׵Ĺ
ҵҪ͵͵͵õģһˣȻõģ
廪˵꣬͵͵һۣȴ۽Ǹһ˿Ц⣬ǳһһޡ
С񡣡
廪㶣ź֪ؿڣʲô
㣬ḡ
𣬿εзû𱸵˼
廪գЦصḡḡգһߣ˵ʲôУ
л˵

ϹأVǰݰ£Vȶո
ʱΪϾŵŶ
ʱ䣬ҴѾȥϵķɻڴϵСɰһĲǣ
һڶ
ԤĴҿȥղһŶ
ִ-ҵǰΡ
½赵ħ-Ϊɵڻͽܡ
İԵרŶ


2 
С糿ɵģڳĵķܿͰѳʪɢһ
廪겻֪͵һƥɫһɫľװλϾװ󣬱һͬ糿΢֮УŽɢδɢ뿪С
ǰ廪ںȦڻУŮӵϴһɾ겻ɢ̴ľ㣬嵭μϣ紵廪ļ䡣
廪ͷ˿ǷĺɫװЦЦ·Ƿ
ȥ
廪֮ʱʲôû˵ֻ˳ػӶޣһһ뿪Сӣ̤ɽּСС廪ż§һε֫סӣԼĻС
֪ɽߺУ
廪˵껹ЦƷ紵ϣĻʱȥɵĳ
أȻ˵ҪߣûҩҲûס㣬Ϊβȥ
廪ǲϲǿˣȫֶѾ֪°ˣĿҲﵽˣҪߣǲӵġ
϶źһ˫ʱ̰̰δͱԼָߵź
廪ԼĶʣβԾӣȻ󵭵صȥ
룬ԭҲ֮ˣֶҪ׷ɱ
գ廪ȥԱ͵·Ͼ£˵Ӣۻµһ˽׷ɱҪԼնɱȳϿӡ
˵ӢۻҲǳòɿɵĵ֪ܵ˵ΪϿӶˣ˵°Ͽӵĵӣͼεס
ºָɵɽˣǲΪ˾ˣߵڰףĿԵǸŮӣϿӵױȥ
µһ⣬˲δڶǰ֡
廪̲ס֮ԱǣΪʲô׷ɱǵ˺ųµһ߯Ҫʦڣ˭Ʋǵһ
ߣɵ̫Ƕˣо˷ָҪŤʵͼε
廪ﰵԼƽϣ´ɵĵӣ֣ޡ
Ҫ׷ɱ㣬㲻ô
βȣ֪һذ׵ָ廪סϣһƬůʸ֮ģɲܡ
ʵ˶ףλȥҽȻ˲ţһ˵Ϊ飬Ϊ˵廪ʼջᱻ׷ɱġ
£ʲôаˣһ£
廪Ĳ£ټĽûκһֹЦ⣬̬Ҳý
а١塢顢ҽааٹŵĵӡǸٳڸԵż裬Ψһδ˵
аΪаֻǳаΪƢŹ֣ɱȫƾ⣬Ƣٹƣ£ԸǴ򽻵
ķˣ廪ӭƣ⴩Сϣ°Ʈ廪β˵ʣΪβȥĪìܣ
һĬ廪˵˭ʦǡϡ֣Ҫ׷廪ɱºϣֱ׵˵ϣðֵġ
ºǰע̬֮ˡ
ĪҪʡ
ɫǰʱһ˿Ȼ֮ɫŻ۾ȥ
廪ʼ磬ٶʣֻ廪뵽һ鷳£ǲȥͬеĻҿҪΪݣ˷ˣǿ鷳ˡ
Ȼ廪һֱ鷳ҲڿջŷмŽͻȻͱ׷ɱӿ֣ǲܼɹ廪̬ȡ
ֻҪ鷳С
廪գǰͷǱľµСһסεһԾײ廪Ļһײ廪ϵ§ҪصԼ
ܸо˵ĽӲ̽һ廪귢סˡ
ڽţ
ƽЩ廪Ȼɿεʱε˵˵ͽӡ
֮⣬һ˵ԼḡΨһĲͬǸո廪еסεĽץסһ˿ʵɫʡ
Ҳ书ǿò绨ĵͽӡ
廪ٺЦֺƤĻӦɢεĽţֻЦЦƺЦ˵Ĳ֪ߣԿ䡣
㲻˵ô
˵Ͽºģ书ɣ˵Ͽ䵽δѵξͲºģ
ᵣĵġ
˵仰ʱ廪ܸоޱȵʧ䣬һֱֱͦҲһ˲ʧȥ˾һ
廪һ˲ʶº֮䣬ǳô򵥡֪ʲô£λԼ԰ԼĴԼôͲʱʣһ䶼˺
ǲ鲻ð
š
һģ廪˫˵ɫʱԼ˵ǽһʱ¶Ц⡣˿͸Ǹ廪꣬˲ġ
廪漴ޣʹܵøһЩҴȥɽͺ
εû廪⣬ǻҪȥɽҪȥ̤ˣһ
˿֮µĴ΢΢𣬻ǻᴫȾģ廪Ŀ֣ǻᴫȾġ
ʣ˵ĵ̴ľҲŷԼڡʱֱֻͦҲֻԼôһСʱ䡣
ȥĳҵԵģȱһ١
廪ԼĶӣڹˡ
á
¿廪꣬ǰ
廪룬Ǹͽӡ
**
׽Ϊ˱֤βϳ廪صھ¥Ҫ˸ż䣬һѡ
廪˺üɫȺʶؿ˿廪ǮǺɫ˿統ߵǮϴǸˡ
Сȥβʣʱ֣
εĿ䵽廪Ǯϣ廪׹ȻЦسƤգգۣ´һЩ
οЦ͵ĺòϡ
Ϊһӣ
еģָ̫һƬ˿廪꼴뷢ԼԹɫҲӲˡ
ϰˡ
ֻ赭д˵һ䣬ȴ廪ϻƽƽİ״ɱϣܿ˵Ŀ⡣
̶ְ˶٣ְʲô廪겻ףȴܸоΡһǲϲֻб˿ʱŸֱͦиǸжʹࣿ
ȻˣǾһЩƽﲻϰ֮¡
廪Цڰ׷˸ͬȱµһ΢⣬ӳЩصİ߲Ӱӡ
أ廪ôһˡ
˵ǡ
εĿ䵽廪ϣؿ˫ǴЦӣ۽ҲԾظһ˿ǳЦ⡣
Ǹˡ
л˵

ϣǸ
һĸŶ


3 
ɽռΪռգ͢ɱ˷˶޹
ɽɽ°գӶᣬƹٸɱ˲ٹٱնˣʣµĶһЩ˼ҡٸˮ̣಻Ըðɽ⣬ʲôˣİվͳɽūΪЩۻ
廪˴Ҫӱ㿴һŴ󵶵׳ŲλƵס˭Ҫӵø·Ǯ
׳оһζҲ֪ûϴˣ廪ܲóζһ
ô񣬹ټҲܹܣ
廪·ʹ£Ȼ֪Ѿɽռݣֻǲ֪Щɽ˲סҪӡ
ټң
ɽЦֵǴ󵱼ֻҪӣǹټһһԹ
룬ǱΪ飬йټұĪֽ˶ò֣
½ˣɽҵطٵıӻĪֽҲײ֣ŭ˳͢͢뽭ìܡҪ֪͢һֱΪ䷸ֻʯ޷׶ҡֻҪ˲ײ͢͢Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ߣЩڽĴ£һЩ̰ͻϣЩץѱ͢÷볯ַ͢ˡ
ѵŮ޻ͷ
׳˵꣬ʵ˶˵òȻ벻ӻֺ£Ҳʲô֮ӰǶץȥ湻ȥҤӣ϶֮ǰЩŮ׬ö࣡
׳˵꣬һĽ廪Ϯĺһ磬ֱȥ׳ĸ첲ѪɫһҽУ˷׷׳˴˹
ǰһ˿ֻ΢΢˵˻Ҳˡ
䣬һλĸ첲׳˲䱻Ĩ˲ӣĲҽҲһĵûϢ
Ľ
廪û뵽νãƢȴôãҲǶ˵Լ˸ˣƢˡ
Щ˵ֵ˸ɴöࡣ
Ӵ~ղ˵ʲôأ
廪ꡮһŲ׳ϣЦʲô֮֮㶼޸ˡ
һѪֹʬջ񣬱м˼
˰Ǯɱˣ֪ͨٸ
кü׳˹廪ٺЦƾǻͷҰǹ.Ҳɱˣ
˵꣬廪Ҳγ֣ӻ̽ö룬þ׼ַѸ뵯ϸЩ׳ϵѨⰵַʮֺŵĻҪ׷һб
ǿ˿廪еĸ룬ֿЩеĴ󺺣̽ĿⲻԾ廪 
벱ѨǼ׳˼ֱֱ³鴤ûһûϢк
ڿֵİռˣΪʲôµ׷׿иɻĹ߶ȥˡ
İַ
Եسޣû뵽˳Ṧ֮⣬ҲĪЩ׷ŵɥ֡԰Ƶŵӣձø߳İַɱĪֵʱܻ˵Ҫɱ˵񲻿ɣЦˡ
Ҷʦ̵ֽģõòãҪġ
ʦ˭
~Ի˵~
廪ҲǹأֻĲ˵αǻ֮ˣ廪겻Ը˵Ҳˡ
ڽȥҲΪɽֲ֣̼Ǵֻмġڵİնڽ䳯Ŷ˿ȥȣȴֲ֪ǰǺˣɼǳֱҪ϶Ʋ磬Ҳǰͷ
ʱһȺŹٷĲ˸㳯ǰγᵶΪ׵˵ɱ޹ҵȷǰǣǷɱۣ
룬ЩҲ޹ҿΪڣʲô˵ˣǲã
ǲͷһɫɱ𣺡ɱˣ
Щ춼ӣбҲûôױˣǸͷϢȽǿǸȭŹĸ֡
廪꿴һΣĽδгʣ֣廪Լˡֻֽ˲켸УƷƮһƴڲϣᵶ̶ʹ̣±Ѽ书õĲ쿳𵶷Ǹǽ
ιķܽҼУ
ĬĬЩЦǲͷȷһķǽϴֻû뵽廪㻽ˡǲͷҲʵһѣҲᵶ˫һֻȭһֻƣǾ͵Ľȭ
Ȥ
廪ְѺᵶ£ûκμƣƵسŲͷ˹ָ

ͷͻ֮Ƴ˹ȥ廪ȴɾ˲ͷÿһʮʽ廪Ʒߣٴǲͷ˿գź֪Ϸˣˡ
ʱڵϲ춯˶ҪֱߵĺᵶʱһֻɫѥӲϣĪҪҶС
˵󣬲ͷһҽУ̧̧ۣԭʤѷ֣ǲͷ廪һƣ۵һ³ѪǲͷϢȣڹΪӦǲȴ廪һĳˣȻ廪ɲ⡣
ͷŲȵغδع㱻һɨϣ£˲ʧȥʶ
һ
η廪İڵģѧϣǼһˡ
廪ŵһֲ󣬱ҪȥǵطˣεĽ飬ǵطвһյ* ǵط̰۵֤ݡ
廪Щº󣬻һЩõĲϣɽȥ
в̰֤ݣӡ
廪ò죬ն˽ǣҪϢϢԾͷ˽ų̡
ǽһֱ£ΪΪճȥЩ֮ң򲻵ѣҲԳ֮͢˳֡
ԭˡ
廪뽭ǵ鷳٣֪Ĳ࣬µһƺ廪겻֮⣬⽭ҲǸ֮ˡ
ͣΪݰɡ
š
һ·ϣ廪귢ιɵЩ⣬ԼʲôʲôԼʲôʲôղżʶĽУ书ԲҪԼмܵġ
廪ͣССͤ˨ͤɽŰԵʣⷽԲʮﶼ̣Ҳ˴š
廪Ҫժεİɫ˿ȴʶ¶ɫʶ廪Ҫʲô̧֣֮Լժһ˿
һˣжÿأ
˿ժ£¶һĶ׵üĿ䣬۽ȴǺ飬͸޵ʣѩﳤ޵÷תתˣ㲻ЦȴҲ֮ˣžס
廪꿴Ŀͣһʱ֮üëһԼҲ̫ÿ
ĬĬû뵽廪ֱ׵ذ˵вɧͣԼ֮ʱת廪ͷҰһײ
ǰЩֿöࡣ
ΪΣ廪꿴ԼʱǼϢĴͣǼϢĿհףǱòͿգġ
ô죿
廪¶˼ֽơ
ţ
е᲻Ϊˣ࿴
ĪϿӣȷ˵ΣȥҪˣò񻰡
л˵

ջǴ
һŶ


4 
Īֳ뽭֮ʱ˶˵ɽۣ֮֮Ū֮ӺϿ֮òǽ֮
ͤѾϾɣᣬɫļ֮ѻһ޹ĺ죬ͤĨ޵ɫȴͤӶ˹
廪ĿתؿΣһ컵Ǿպ޵ۺһ𣬵˼֮
治ô
ӭ廪Ŀ⣬ûг廪껰еֻգۣ˻ع
廪ջЩΪˣԸ涯ЩʲôǲݣһУҶ֪ǵݺˡ
ɣ֪͵˽ĿѴɣʱߣ㲻뿪ҿ԰ݡ
廪ѾȨΡ
ϣα뿪ĿöþޣԽԽ߽˻͸ľСҪԼߣٿһľУ׻ʲôΪ֪Ĺ¡
ݰɡ
һƺѾ׼廪궯ˡ廪֪Ըһϲ̾һʵ᲻źÿ
գݲϷʯϹĵȻһĨεϡ
ΪҪң书һߵġ
廪Ȼ뽭ⷬٶ׻Щ죬òһЩ
òԻԼΣǲɺԵġ
Ṧ㣬֮ˣ㻹ܴߡ
һˣ廪ṦҲ˿·磬Ҳǽ˶ңۣǾѧ
룬Ҿ滵ˡ
ôƺ˲죬ɳߵġ˵ԸԼߣ˿Լδߵġ
Թ𣿡
廪ָպεƤ֮ϣ˳Ʊ˫ۣû۵⣬˺ԵøңԶˣ㴥ˣȴʼվʵ
ʲôԹģͲãû㣬Ƕ׷ɱңڲǶһɰˣһ·ϻ飬ⲻɣ
廪Ц˿ЦĶرСɲֶˣŪˡ
΢΢ֵΪҪƽɣ
ҲƣҾ͵ɺõĶ˭ϵ书ôһսԶûС
廪ʱЩ׷Լƨɺ溰ɱģȴԼǶţʵǿЦ
Ǹʲô٣ǿǰѹեգϷŪһ£޴棬ɴñÿ
ЦЦǳЦҲЩ廪꣬廪귢ƺЩѵ͹طߵ֮˲һΪξͲ˺㣿
Ա
μ̵˵廪ٺЦʱҩ轵ҿǿԶ㶯ֵġ
㲻ġ
ΪΣ
㲻óȻŮӶ֡
λǵõʱԼɵӣԼܵʱ򣬻·ܿһƬ֣Լᱻˡ
ʱα֪ûлġ
ǵǡ
廪˵ͷȷóȻŮӳ֣ǾŮҪͬΪŮӣǸƫŮӶһЩ
󣬶û˵廪ͿĨʮϸ£Ҳȫ廪ꡣ廪ָ䵽Լĺ촽ʱۣס廪ϸ׵

εЩ͸ĪԸУ廪ֶ˫⣬ʱļⷢ
˼ʲôֻһˡĶ
ҡ
еڸ廪ջ֣Цû£뿴ҪҪĴҲһ㡣
Ҫô
ãͺá
廪ϺÿסˣƤ»˻ȥ˫ɣεòƽƽˡ
ڸղţ廪ΪλεĴһȵͷǳȥĴʲôζأ
Ҫ˿ϣԼѾݣ˿
ߣɽ
廪곯֣Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ȵϣ̧̧ЩɽռɽգѹƾҶˣδȥ
㣬˭˵ҪԿǱȥǴ󵱼ɱ˱á
̫Σˡ
ҡҡͷͬ廪ν֮η⽭ǿĵطǲɱв͵ȥġ
а취߾ˡ
廪ԼҲȻ󡮼ݡһɽȥ
˵ʲôо˾ǿľͷֻǽüͷĬ
ɽ·Уܿһ߳Сɽĵطˡ廪˨ú󣬱ƿɽ·ɽկһ㿴ɽѲߣ廪ܿǵߣμ롣
廪֪νôˣɽկ·ֹУɽկڸߴб߿׳أɽ·ˡ廪껹Ͽ޷ɽկ֮ȫòȻɽկ¿ܰѵ˵С
ȷѹ
Ǳ͢أܣ廪ðŵɽ󣬲ҵһɹɽկȫòĵط廪һô֮ϣҶȥΣעɽկĶ
кΰ취
һ·ʲôںɴ˿˼ֵ뼱١˿廪·˵ΣգôԼ˻ȥģ廪Ҳڿںˡ
ﲻɵһϲü۽Ƕ֮ɫ
ģ
廪ӻ̽һСңСȡһźɫҩ裬£һá
ȡǺɫҩ裬ȴû£廪ˣЦ¶
ĬĬû˵ϸ׵ľѺɫҩȥ
廪ʱȡһңȡһɫҩ裬Եǽҩҩȥ󣬻ɢɫĶ̣ĽΪӦ߲ѵ°նɱɣ
ܡ
λشʱûһ˿ԥ廪ܿԼΪš
ͷͿˣְӾͺá
û˵廪͵ӦˣҪֵʱμæסֱۣСġ
á
廪εֱתѶӵɽկ֮УһɫѸٴҩɢɽϳɤӺϮһš
ˣ
廪ȥû˶֮ʧȥӰҲԥ񽣷£һͬû붾֮Сֻһ֮к˸ɽĲҽвϣɫοһ˿Ѫɫ
廪ܿѰǸžŻĿˣıһͻɽ󵱼ҡ廪裬կӶ˷£иɳǴ󵱼һʱ죬Ȳؽڣһһȥ
ֵػͷ֮ʣ廪ǰиٴηɳֱ̫Ѩû룬Ǵ󵱼漴ڵϣ˫Ŀɴͨ죬ȫûϢ
󵱼ˣ󵱼ˣ
˭û뵽կӶᷭһŮˣҲбոǿĴ󵱼һɱЩɽߺˣһľԼ
廪ȥѰͷ죬½կ˲ֱӵӣصկĵطڶ֮аҵկӣҪý˶סңѻȥǲ
Ťϸ廪꣬˿ӶǴһ˿Ц⣬ǳ
㲻±¶ô
˭֪ǵȥ򣬽ﶼԵӣҲŲмˣҪ֪ǸŮˡ
廪˵Լ°ϿӣȻҲЩεףǰ㶼õġ
ĬĬ۽Ƕ˼˿Ц⣬ԥ˼̧˰׵廪ӣ߰ɡ
С񡣡
ţ
顭Щˡ
л˵

Ҵк~
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5 
ĿջУ廪˸԰Ľ£żͶĿ⣬ûϳ
СһֶһڵİӣһŲ߶ܿ˲衣
Сߺ廪һڲ裬Ȼ˿Χջ˲٣Ȼڽ䣬˵ҲòЩʵǱ˲ȷҪĹ٣
˵Ҫط̰۵˲ˮǵĹ٣ˡֻǣ£廪ԹټҵӡˣȻҲˮǵĹ١塣
ٳϲǶ̰ͼ֮ˣֵΡ
˵廪˵һ䡮ðɡӦ
廪ŤͷС˹˺üˣСһӵСѡγһ廪ϵǮһɫǮûܲ廪Ǻʱ֡
ղ廪ĲˣѰ˼Ƭ̺ԼǮջε̾˿
ڴʱջ̸ݱ廪ȥϲڿջźóԵľƲԣԻǹΡ
ջȲʵĽ˵ɳ˴ȥѰΣбɵĶӣع褡˵߻ӵĶķѰ˴ɽӳɽɽȥˡ
廪һߺȲ裬ĿһǼ˵ĻҪŤͷʲôȴεǵÿЩ뿪ˡ
ýĨĨԼ죬Ǻܿͻ鵽ɽɽկ£Ȼˮ
廪üëѵüЩҵģıĪغ
Уߡ
廪˲͡⸮֮Уġ÷ɵ̶ס˲ǽϡ
Щ廪μͬһ뿪ˮǡŨ˿Ⱦ˽ķ飬廪ϣŵǵ̴ľ㡣
ȥ
ʣδɺԼһĨ»Ұȥﶼû⡣ɽˣ˲Ҳ͹ˣǰɽ·ʣиһ˿˿ã
ȥǰɣ
廪˵գγĬ˰ΣɫЩΪѣЩԸģܻӭ
ʲôˣ˭Ҳϲ㣬Ī㻳ҵļ
òɱ䣬书ȴϳġ
廪Ҫ뿪ˮǵԭعһȥ̽ɽɽկЩɽʬ壬ٲ׾ϳ
ϾʦͬţЩɵ˿ڶǿڹļ䡣
٣Ҫǵó֣Ǿҳ־ˡ
廪һε֫ϣһ˵ĽӲһ˲һݡ廪ˣһϲǺɵЦİɣһᱣġ
ǲǲϰǣ
廪ʣ˹˺һû˵ΪõӦ廪ȴεʦǾҰңҲηңǲǵľٶġ
أ
廪ǹʵģ񿴲ŵ̽
Ӳˡ
ʧХХ廪ɫҲ΢΢§ס۽˽Ѷ֮ķ϶¶ȥ
εûٽӲ廪һһĶʣԾ䡣
֮һЦڶߣҧҧһºֱͦΪȥ
սձһɶ͢ҲδҪؽö֮ͳһǡ
Ѫ½ħѰ˴˴ӣҲ˲£书֮ͽܿͳһɺӵѪ½ħ˳ΪǣΪͷǲɳ֮ͶҲΪﱻİ͢Ĳ
֮¹źݶ˶Ѫ˿еħ̡͢Թո˳ǣֻԸͶı࣬Ѫ½ħˣӴҲ˳͢βд̡
û˵˲룬ɽеɣһǻӭġ
ʦͷһˣȥοҲ뿴⽭˲Ըĵطж¡
廪Խ˵Խ˷ܣ˵󻹴˼ԾԾԵЦ⣬ǳ
γĬ̾ҡͷ㵱ǳ֮
򲻹£
ֵңṦѧ죬ˣǴ£Ǳء
٣Ĺɶˣġ
廪֪ھԼ廪еĵǣȻϲ̵ġ
ƽﶼǿȫ𣿡
廪귢εĵºܶ࣬ҲܽûȫļƻǾԲóȻֵġ
Ȼ
ε˵ͷ
˺ܶȤûܽȻˣôͱô࣬Сͷ
廪Цַ˷ε˿˳Ĵָ⣬ǽ˵һΡ
ͬУ˶Ǻǳ⣬ǳ㣬ĪҪҵķ
ڶһԼͷܿ廪Լ˿ŪĶȴ֮һЦ
˵öԣ˼ȫЩΪҶס
գֻǵֻȰĪҪ⣬˶öԸ
Ȳ˵Ѫ½ħֻ˵ȴδǰڽ߶ЦӺ޹ǲСĽɫ
ЦǸЦ滢ɱ̸Ц֮䣬һɱε¶Ͷ̱ŷɥ޹רһЩ֣һЩɫָĵˣ֮ú㽫֮ɱĺڹѸ
֪ˣҲ±ǡ
ûдȥ͵ɣ
ÿȥ廪䶼ŲһǮ㲻ͷۡ
͵û˵ʲô͵ġ
廪˵һ䡣
λƶ֮أѷɳĮö̫ԸܣҲǵʱ͢Ϊǵԭ򡣺ΪѪ½ħռˣ͢ҪֻǱҴܾˡ
廪ҪѰˣβſʵʦеоʶ
ֻ֪ʱ˵һ·ı˰
ʱ廪껹ʹһ仨жѾʦͷ˵
廪ԴЩʧصһʼΪʦ˵ǻҪȥ͵ʦĿġ
廪һôţҲ֪Ǻı˰ˣҲǣƶأݶѳܳ
ˣβЦС⻰ǵˣµʱаݲˡ
Ц廪ҲЦݲ¾ݲ£ʱһܣ˼ģ
˼ģǼΣյԸ廪ϲΣҲʦ˵Լֻǹزסԭɣ
ûʲôӦ廪Ҳʧ󵨵ؽ˽εϸ
ĬĬȴûѣϲ廪ϴĵҩζʱ⣬Լѭ浸ص֮Ѱһ˿ɣĻѰһ˿ɴ֮Ϣ
ûѣҲûг廪꣬ҲǷԼ
񣬾Ͳһѵ㣿
ֿס廪סţҲֻشţѹû
ҵҲϸͷҲ͵ˣ
һĬȴԾعһ㻡ȡ
ˣû취
л˵

عлйĻСɰĲ
һڶŶ


6 
ȥǻµ·̣·;廪εٳֻᶺһʱɫѾ̫ҷлζ˸·˱ڴ˶һ
ۻˡ
廪Ž֮ϡɽˮڴ֮䣬ռ䣬⿴ƼªĿջôһ󷿣סҲơ
廪ᰮ£Ǵ׵ģҲǰ׵ģֻпмϵŵĸīɫġһֱǸǸģұȸҪһЩ
Сӿջ࣬Ҳ࣬ίͬˡ
廪Եʮ⣬˼·ԡ׼ҵΣڷԡô
ζǶ˶٣ְҷŵһ䣺ȳȥߡ
ҪҵҲǲ⡣
廪ЦЩȻɫʣûͬһݹô
廪˵֪ʧԣ˵ʦþҲηǵľٶûйһͬ衣
ƺ⣬ֻʰңҸãֻδһͬݹ裬ʼվ̹Щס
λǵһ˵º֮ˣ廪Ҳ֪عá
ɺɽȻȪʦöȥݣֻʦ˵ΪʦӦдʦļƣʦߵôұδͬȥ
գ廪겻һüͷΪδʦ㲻ʦ׽Ѱˣ
۵ҲɻҲǲģ廪ʵ˶ܲô
۵һ˿ѹŤͷʰѾʰõҡ
廪γĬԼװæµģǱӰЩįʶԼ˵ʲôϴԲûݹҲû£Ҹһݡ
ʲô
ΪԼˣͷʱ򿴼廪ЦƵĲϣһ⣬ս˵һС硣
㻷谵ȴĪó
СԡͰǾ͹ԡ
廪ȻһԼǰӽǵλãһݡ
ֳĬˣһʱ֮䲻֪廪ǲǿЦ˵ú棬ǿЦ
һˮ죬ģʦ;ʦôݣʦʦͺһˡ
δ֮ǰ廪Ļо֪иʦ㣬һʦ֣иʦʦ㣬Ҳ֪ʦкδܾ򵥡
á
ʹأӦˡ
֮Ҳ֪ΪԼ͹ԡԡͰԼŵ˫ָԡͰԵؿԡͰߣ
廪̾һ΢΢ۿΣ˲ɣһֻ۵ǰˮλ֮¶ԸеǺԲļõ
ƽβĳʱ߸𣬳ĵθ룬Ȼմˮ㷢Ƥճ˼ԸУײһС
廪ϱ˫ۣڸԼӣҪ֪ϰ֮ǱԼװǿɾҪˡ
αЩȻֵǰǿ廪Ҳ̹ȻҲۣط
ʦʦǸ鲻ô
廪û˵ܾЩִ٣˿ڡղ廪˵Լʦʦ㲻һ裬ǲǸ鲻á
ǸܺãƽչľӣһΪʦ㲻ơ
գܿ廪˵ʲôֻһʱ֮䲻֪ ҧ˼´ûƶ⡣
ʦ˵ˣ˶ȻǽܲʦʦϵģǶ⣬ֻҪҸͺá
廪ü΢΢ʵΪϵܣҲûʲôõĲô
廪꣬ѯʵ棬дɻ󣬺˶˵뷨Ĳ˽ġ
̣ԵŮϡ
˵廪Цƺһס
Ϊô˵
β⡣
Ϊ˵Ǿ仰ʱüͷȻôͬ
գʶԼղüͷֻǿЦһû˵Լ̫ѨƺʲôԽαԽ顣
ҿ˰ɣʵҲûôųЩ뾭ѵ뷨
廪ʲô˵ĶξһԲ򣬿ϸƣŻᷢﾹǳ˴̵ġ
αȥûп廪꣬˵öԣҲͬ
ֻ֮У˻뷨ȷġ
Լȷıˡ
廪갲οΣԼ˵仰ɫӵıȥ뷨ﶷһ
廪ǻῴ˵ɫαȥ֪ԣת룬һĽ˽㲻ٶ
ˣȻڿԼˣüͷȴˡ
廪һţĪԼ˵ˣ
ʵʦҵĲֻֽ࣬ҶɵĻ* 
ôܡ
廪ֱӣȶʱ򻹲⹴λȣ˲⣬˳ư῿ϡ
εĽп죬ұ仯࣬ôֻֽ
һǻ
ʦ֪ʲôԭʼղԸңҵʦҲѾɵĽ׽ˡ
˵£۵Թģ廪ҲԹӺζ츳ôãȴòӦеӣúõһôһԣβԹ
ҵ۹ⲻľԲֹֽ
ɽկг廪껹ͣ˰̵ʱȥĦεĽܿȷɵĽУɲֻ֡
һȻֹǶҰֽ¯֮ԼԴģʦǰչʾ
˶֪ȺΪѰº¯࣬Խг츳һӶ޷߹ʮУȻܿĽвࡣ
ǺĽУǵһǰչʾ廪ҵһʶˡ
˿Ľ츳ߣϧ˲Ը㣬϶ֹڴˡ
廪ľÿϧʦ̵ǴڣѧپԼʵˣʦûչʲѵġ
ûнӻüͷʼսһ𣬳ƲȥҲѵõĿôḻı仯ϧʲôˡ
ģ廪һ̼
ǰˮعε˫֮ϣεȾϽžִٵɫʣдϲ漴εһ˫ϸ
㱧ҵ
廪ȻԼ֫ϡθоԼָڷ̣Ȼһ㲼ֻҪܿס廪
֪񲻺ϣƫԼָܿƵ廪֫ϣﰵȻϸ
Ĵָ廪ĸ֮ϣᰴѹܸܵǼĽ¡
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7 
θоԼ˫ַ̣о廪ԡ֮µļҲڷ̣໥Ͼ໥ȫ
ʲô£
εǻҪɿ֣ȴ廪͵ʹ
ҪҪҵʵĿ
廪ûлش𣬺˶ϬܿһЩ̰̳Ļ⡣
廪һֱݣͬûж¹ݡƽƽ棬ڴϺ׾ͱˣΪζһأ
Ϊ˫ڰ׷۾ҹںϣаĽ㣬˹Ŀ
ô˫ڰ׷֮£һʲôأ
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ӯӯһЦδֱӻش廪⣬ͼҲѾ֮ˡ
廪ҲЦЦεĲֱӣʦ˵ܶ˵תʱᷳ廪ȴģȴǿɰ
廪ԼǴָᰴ˼Ѩܼһ㱡ƤǴֻǲƤ𣬰Ѹϵαװժȥ¶һȫȻͬ
廪䣬һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾鶯Ƥ۽΢΢ʱִЩаݾдһĨϼε̲סȥ࿴һۣĨϼݼš
廪ĺ촽Ƿ΢΢֮ʱž׵˼벻Ͳκ
Σ䲻ÿҲ
˵˪ѩаµ÷ô廪ԵĴĵ
ε廪̧𣬻䵽廪ձߣȴûдļȴĪӵģǺÿġ
Ȼˣ廪͸űƤԭģ۵ס˫˵ʱ˲ұӣ޸Ķ
廪ĺһЩץס˴ĲλЩšʱλ廪ꡣ
㣬Ҫģ
廪ˣλϮѨһãޱȾɴ¶ȵ㡣
ο廪꣬촽䵽廪Ķߣ㻹ȥ
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廪ˣԼݵƤûסԡͰߣԼƽֽץסűƤȹѾץˣҪµˡ
Ǵһ˿޵Ц⣬ֻվˮȥݺˣݡ
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廪ҲվȻβˣԼ಻ˡδú󣬱Сʰ˺Ŷǲͭµݡ
ߵһ߿⣬Ŵ££ȴ͸˿˿⣬ĪһЩ˲Ϣع˴ߵ廪ߣ˵ױݿ컭ˣͷƺЩ

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廪껹ں˼֮ʣ˷߶Щϰעŵ˴⡣
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ϻõǶһɻŷɥֻҪһƻУرṥĶȥ
ǿҪɱˣ
廪굹Ǻ뿴ϻõΣԺϣﻹиס

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оĶ廪񣬳Ŵ⿴ȥһŶҵҲ䵽֮ϣṦ·ͬš
ϻõĵվ˵Ƕϻõĵ˵ʲô廪ʱ΢΢£廪ߵ˵һ䣺Ṧ·Ӻɵˡ
Ȼ׾ɵǲ̫ر𣬼ܿ޷ıĲ
ȵϢڶߣ廪䶯˶ʼȣȵϢһﰵԭָо
һɵˣɱҲˣɵ˸ɱίΪ廪껹˸ɱһĶӡ
ǴӹҲаʲôɳôֱʣ
廪Ϸˣ㻺ϴ죬Ҳ˵ľ룬Ȼ룬вԼİɫ֮ϡ
ֻǶ𣬶ϻûɹȡʣѣʧܣ͵ɱֵѡ
⽣ӰȷѪģѾֲˣ֮£ټҶܲˡ
ĶҲҡ
廪գü£ЦʣΪΣ
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˵ЩʱԵرƽʮֳȣʮȥӦһУֺںЩ
ѹʦ˵ˣЩ֮ʿҲвݵСˡ
廪ʵǽΣ
ΣҪ׷Ǳ׷ȥˡ
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ʵͦȤģһΪἱ˵ɵºıһǲ²͸
廪˵ֻεЦЦֻЩ磬ǻǻұ°ߣʧȥ֮
ôᣬ⽭ѴǸŮӡ
廪֪ŮӶעףҲΣɽɽկһ
ڲͬвͬ˵ҳٳٲܳΪǵ˵ǣ಻ܳ壬ʱǳаΪ飬Ƕһʷ
ҷ֡úöࡣ
֪գͨҽܣΪˣԲҪ֮ʿ
һ·ϣʵζ÷ǳˣǵһڽɶٶЩԹɸǱԣΪڶŮӡ
ԼÿһȵӢۻɵĵӣɵ͹ҲסˣȻҪѰһԼ֮صĻᡣ
ʲôطӶŮѹһͷΪǲ֪νģҲΪӡ
಻ϲӡ
л˵

ϻģΪǸУȥȫһȥʣ˶ģܰæǴų尢̶ܺ
ֻȥѩɽʱһ߷ʱ䶼ܽ˺ã羰Ҳ컹ͦǵģžͲ꣬ȥƵϢ꣬ܺúС
´лȥйطĻٸĲ


8 
Ϣһ˼·Ҳδ֮׷廪˽ų̣ҲϢ
뵽ǻһĽų̣ǾھͣϢҲƽǰʣ࣬ɳĮ紵һЩϸɳ
Ҳٽ廪꿴װĽ߶ڵİҲûбܶԶֻ֮Ҳǣջгûνħѹյա
ʱ˹廪δһһ׵ģڰ˫ɷΪǵˣʣǿǵˣΪ֮ǰδǣ
˴һףҲ˰װ׵ױȦȴһƬмˡ
ǲǣֻ·˵ص
廪˵һʵ磬ǵ𣬿ҲöǵĽߡ
û˵Ŀ䵽ϣȴԾذ˽
ûע⵽Σ廪˵ͷȻЦСǳɣ˼ǵ˶Ầ£ƫһʶʶӡ
ʲôµģֲǹҲֻ
廪˵˹ЦСϲҸ㣬˰Զȹ¡
˽첻ƽǳ͢ˣΪֽе£뼸ֵһ뿪Ͻɱֻˡ书ҲǺܿͻ쿪ˣа˴󻤷֮һ
֪͢ô׷Ź֪ܵˣǣһ͢Ҳĵط
ҲǸ֮ʿ
һֵܣΪ壬ҷΪңҲǸҲӱˡ
첻ƽ˵̾һҲû뵽Ͷ֮ˣ˵ô࣬ίʵ֡
ɽڲûգպԼ֮£ΪֵΪ͢顣
˵úãԲƾһ
첻ƽ廪˵û죬һԵһֱδ˵һֱ첻ƽһװ粢Ҳǵһô˽ǵˡ
ǵˣԶβбգɴδǽ
첻ƽζǵµĿһκó̡
첻ƽ֮ǰ廪һСľƣ˵ľƽǣ˼ǲΪǵġ廪л첻ƽ֮󣬱һͬ˸ջס¡
֮Ȥû뵽г֮͢ӵ
廪ңָԼһˮʵһֱû˵Īǹ۲쵽ʲôô
м룬ǻڴƽȣʹĸ֣ϲ޵Ѿ书ˡ
ΪΣ
Ƶ뽣Ѳǰ书¿ʼˡ
廪ЦЦ㻹ͦϸĵġ
ڽǵöۣ㱻ƭˡ
⣬βκˣһµĺۼǲƭ˵ģЩϲŵʵ
첻ƽû˵ѣٿĲһģǰԼЩϰߺ书˵ġ
廪ιԼˣֵȥСЩϲԵĽл
Ϊ֪ϲл
βǵԼ˵ɻҲоϲ
ע⵽ˣϴڿջнлԵࡣ
ɫ΢΢죬֪δֻһ£еطС
ǮˣǾͱС
廪ӻóһɫǮףȻ׼ȷؽסҫ
廪껹ĸ˽л˹һ󣬵ڶȥˡ
ٽҲٽɳĮԴﱻѪ½ħ̻󣬱вúɳĮһʼǻᱻֺͷˣЩӴģǻ⣬һò
˽֮мһƬ֣Ҳû廪ɭֲȽϹе˶ϲװ඼ǺڰɫŲҰ׵ױŸǶԹ
ҪѰ˭
֪ߣһ˰йϵˡ
廪Ҳżǰ㲻ξӪǾΧڡ
廪ͦȤģ϶ŵ̶ҲǸϵĳ򡣶˸ջջҲȤͽȪ·廪겻£ý
ƹǸ߸ݵˣഽ׵ģ˫հݣϻֵķģܿ£̬ȴܲ廪ƹҪ˸󷿣ȻƹһЩˣαڿջԷ
Сϲ˺β˵Ҽ
οƹһۣǹһּѪİɱΣżЦͬС
û뵽˼˶˱Ĺоһƹ񣬶ҶԴ˵̬Ȼ
񣬵Ȥ
廪˵꣬Ź֣Ц˹͹ʲôԸ
廪궨Ĵ󷿣ĲˣνǵĹͣǮۿȻҪźЩ񳤵ݣԼĪʮЦϲޣЦűȿ޻ѿ
ʣи˰йص𣿡
һɫһ䣬Ҳ˲϶ǿͣӾͬʵô
ʦ˵һ伫ı˰Ϊǰ·Ҿͺ˻˭
ʦ˭
꣬廪ȴ˸Ų㡣
Ҳ㡣
˫ֱأ廪һۣƺҲ廪һСûһ̧־ɱ˵Ĺ񣬻ôƤһ档
٣㲻Ҳ޷ұԼȥѰ
ѰģǸ˲Ų㡣
վѾͷڴ˴Уɲÿ˶һ˵
ǲ˵ĻΣ𣿡
书ô
ʣϢףڹΪǲССڹΪĪǣҲԼ
üˡ
Ǿͻ书ãֻǱɱķˡ
˵󣬿廪һֿۣһۣתȥ̲סٿһۡ
ǺŮӵıӰſ۵ײԾ¶ɻ
˾ڿջԷΧ˵ϣ˶ǴԼʵҲ˵ճģֱиŮıQQ߽常
ŮԼĪʮģŲӯʾһӣֻ˵Ļֵ常Ц滢ȥ˺öóԵģ
ЦӣСҪ㡣
常᲻أ
οŮǰһ䱻ɱӶᣬʱǵҲڣ˶Ϊǵģڿƺֲô£
常мˣ˺ü
Ů˵ʱ񾼾ģ޲Ҳǣذ
˱ˣÿ˻ô
ûʲôأȭͷӲأʲô˶档
廪ŹŮ˵̲סܵ⿴ȥղŻһƬ͵мǴˣģвһԽкÿ֡
ʱҲߵ廪ߣִ廪ļϣ˭
ǡϻõˡ
л˵

컹Ŷ
٣˺٣Ҷﰡ~~


9 
ǡϻõˡ
컯յģֻǱںҹɱ֣廪ܾ˵ĹС
廪˵е㻳ԼԼС͹ĿϿǶϻõ˹Ѷϻõ
Ťͷ˿ΣԼݲ⣬ǶϻõôǣΪ˻ΪΣ
Ҳһۣϵ˺üˣмɵ⽣ӰһȺεڸһȺ˲οЩ˵һȺ߳ɵַں˵ĲϣǺӦ£ûϢ
ҵǲ֪ϻõҰˡ
Цݰ׵ģϻ˵ױݣһֲ̬һҲ۽ǵ糺չֳޡ
Щ˺׷֣ͣȴҲ˵ʲôϳųſȥ̬ʵĶˡ
Цӣ
ʱʱ̶̿ЦвʱҲЦ廪óЦ֮⣬Ӧûˡ
ԡ
廪ļ򣺡Է
á
廪ƺоεĲЦӣⶼĹУڻѨȻǲġ
廪£Ҳʱ廪Ҫʱȴס֣ô
廪ܿʲôֻǲΪЦЦֱϵá
İɣСһöûУҶԶζϤҳһڣٳ
廪Ҫ֣廪ֱ廪꿴˫תŵǣЦЦҰ
֣Ů´أֺ赣ģ
ʵ
廪ЦһȻһ⣬İɣĲ¡
廪ÿһ˶һ飬԰ɣû
μ廪û£Ŷ꣬˼̲סʣжֵΣ
СǱҩݴģԶϤûʲôܹ˺
廪˵αû˵ֻ廪˼֣Ȼ֮ɫ
˳ǸŮʰģ˶˱ʵλ𣿡
廪һ۹˽ȥˣлᣬʵãѰ˵ģ֪˰ϵ
˻һŮɫ˱䣬ЦͻȻΪҿɲ˵ҲǸ˵ġ
ΪΣΪأ
廪꣬ѾͷȻҲڣҪŮ
廪ЦҲ⣺㲻ңһʱˣ
˰ɣʾҲ˻ġ
˵ֺ棺ΪҪѰǸˣ
ûУ֪˭ý
廪ңȻε󣺡˯ȥˣҪʲôʵ£ҪҽѰ
Ѿͷ㰮֣
ǣΪ˴մô
˵꣬廪ε¥ȥﻹ˵ŸղŵĲĸóĸóԣһûһӦţֱص䣬˵˵ʧ
ŮӳŹ˹ȥʵŮòƽƽȴ常֪
ǣŮÿնڿջİףŮǲһġϰ֮Ѳص²ɣȻأŮܿǵܺãڹΪҲ
Ҳ֪裬ݹƲ򵥣ĪҪǣǹѾͷ
֪常
廪뷿һӣ̲ס˸̾һ·ڿϢˡ
һֻḲԼϣﻹ廪¶ȣΪҪץסԼߣ
ղкô
ξղű廪ס廪⣬֪ҸоڶǣвƵ񣬱ˡ
廪ĵسһۣûϸʲŷ𷽲ָУá
ǴΣǵСЩ
š
廪Ťͷ⣬ӳЩ˵ɣǸղ˵ģҴ֪Ǹ˭ˡ
û˵Ҳֻöؾصģ廪ǰ⡣
˶֪ȴ˶ԣΨһˡ
ƺҲûʲô⣬ղҲЩ廪˵˰ʱɫһ־η;µɫȻҲֻһ
벻ʦȻʶѪ½ħ
廪꿪ʼԼʦжԼ֪ģ
аٹѪ½ħֿѣɽ֮۾ս󣬶˲֪Ϊηֵˡ
ǵʱħͷӣаѪ½ħһִкĺƸ֣˭
廪գһȣ* Ȼôһ
˵廪ŷӦ˵ʲôԼֻӦʲôסˡ
ɾĿͷ΢Դڶ鶯µĴˡ
ѵÿƤ˱һģ̲סЦЦ̲ס廪Ūݡ
ԭǽаһˣ
Īִ˳ֱֽüɹǰֵһаĵӣǸʵ
廪Լɾβ³ԼݣԼ㲻֪˽ȥ
ҡ
廪겻֪˵ʲôźãȻһɵɵʵΪλ֪
İǶʦ̵ֽģаóǰһǾۻİַ䱳
廪Ĭû뵽ô¶ˡ
аҽֺϷ˵η嶾ӦаĹˡ
廪ǺЦЦе㲻˼û뵽Լ˵䣬Լʦֽȫˡ
аΪΪأδ˼˴аҽе֪ˡΪˣаҽֻ˵޹أ˶ԾӺˡ
Ǹѧ㣬
廪Цж˶һۣߵȥ¥²֪ΪһһŮ˿ڽǣ˼еҪᵶȥԵֻǿźǺЦûҪֹ˼廪ûסץһʯӱ˳ȥ
ʯֱ˵ʹذһȻǳĴˤ˵ϣǰŮ˾һ亹
ˣҲ˵㼸䣬Ҫõңƴˣ
Ů˿ŭֳǰȥ˵壬ֻǵҲٲ֡ӦǷޣŮŭ˳ȥѰǷҪᵶȥ
ʱ˶Ѱղų֮ˣ߳ջҪֹĹеϿ˿κ廪ˣ˼ƽϡ
ɢ˰ɣ㣡
ָǸղžٵˣŭǱ֪ŮˣȻҪʬ
˴ˣүҲûţŹҰɣ
ĺŮ˴Ҳ׳ϵүһȥúùܽˣ㲻Ҫ¸߳
ˣ´Σûôˡ
˵ǣһʯֹɴȾƣְ¥Ҫ¡
ٿ¥ĴʱѾ˴
常ղǰַ
ǰ֣ѧİȻҲܿŵ
ǺаİַǾۻᡣ
а壿
辪ȵؿ˿ڣû뵽аеа塣
ǣаǸˣȻʦͬţаˡ
аˣҪҪ֪ͨ
ȥ֪ͨա
л˵
ˣ̽ķˣһ춼޲ãˣҲˣ


10 
ֵѾɢȥ˭ûղŵ־磬¡
ش֮廪ǵߵ̫ʦǰҪǲִҶȻҪǸˡ
廪ЩǺ죬ȻǴġ
廪İڹΪǿʯԹᴩǸ˵󡣿廪ƺҲһЩǰԸһҪġ
Ů˲ԸˣٲͣҲǺ¡
廪Ȼûг֡Ȼ⣬ǿǵŮû廪
μ廪껹˲裬϶£ܾȣЩԸԾȣûа취
˵廪סյֱָ֣ϣǻĴָ֮ϣ廪ֻ֡
رϲֿƲĴǸ˲ܾ
˵а֮ˣ㲻ô
аǣֻǽаааҽаǿɱΣһҹ֮˽ţԶҩȥˣɣģ˲˶Ϊа
Ť񾱿廪֮꣬µȻˣ廪оԼЩֵסġ
Īʦ˵Ůܱúãϸ壬һˮҲˡ
δ˺ңΪλ£
ЦЦȴ۵סܿƽǲЦģм˲ֿЦԼδ۵׶Цģֻǲڡ
ڵЦһαװصȴֲ֪ʲôˡ
廪漴ĴվȻߵǰ˫֧̫ʦεķϣȦ̫ʦκ֮䡣
˿廪Ķ䵽ձߣ֧̫ʦεķϣϵҩζϮͣƬ̵ķ硣
廪ӣЦӯӯؿΣ˵ȴһ˿ɫҲֻƽؿ
ǵ͵õģ͵㣬Σ
θ͵
η̬忿̫ʦα۽΢΢һ˿Ц⡣

廪εĴϣʱԼĴȴ䵽εϣһݣܾò͵㡣
廪꿴֮ʱεһ˿ңȴǡɱԼ׽ˣǸ֮ϲ
ΪŮʲô£ʲô¶ܲŲæ
Ϊβܾ
ʵԼϲǿˣһܵĶȥ
ûоܾԼ˳͵㣬Ҳ׳ĵӣ̰͡ԼΪεɫԣͬҲ˿ƽߣ֪֮ʱֻǺģġ
ܾ㡭
ЦЦ¾۽ǵЦҲ˼ֹ֡廪Ĳӣĺ󾱴ŷ˵ĺ߳ЩˮմʪԼġ
ţûԵţ
廪㶣Ȼû뵽ƽׯλ˵߸˵ֻ֪˵͸Ρ
㣬˵ĻҪˡ
廪һξԼ˵ǸŪò֪ˣαò֪룿
Ͽӣһ컵Ρ
β˵ֻЦǷĺ촽΢΢𣬾һơ
廪Ŀ䵽εĺ촽ϣϢңһοй뷨ĵط
һԣһ֪ʲôζġ
廪ϣظоεϢȵģܰģʼմ㣬ԽǿԽղܡܸоϢı仯ɻ೤𽥼٣ٵס
ԭ಻Ʊǰƽ
廪ƺҵʲôӣ׼εĴʱȻж㡣
˳Ȼ̧ԼʵģĪǲ⣿
ΰ뿪Ц˵ţϢȴӸղŵĶ̴±೤廪ҲЦˣ֪ǿЦģ٩Լ˵ô໰ʵѵá
һ׷ɱĵΪ飬δûжԼӣԼһǡ
ΪΣ
Ҳǣֻһʵ㡣
˵꣬廪΢΢Ц治°ʦʦ޹ϵŮӺŮҲԺΣյġ
廪Ҫεҳһ˿ûУûЦȥΣֻһƽӰ졣
֪
ƿ廪꣬Ȼ䵽輸ϣǰ״ɲ豭廪ķ
ҼӳΪҪأ˵һЩϰߵôǱһİգ
廪豭һڲ裬ĪĿڸֵ֡
ô֣
ʲôˡ
ڶԸЩɽѹյĹٱʱμֲ֣Ը޶ɽʱֺ飬ΪǺɵġ
ȻʱЩΪֲ̫񣬱ղ§סԼĲֱ֪Լǵ֪Լаֲ֮Ằɱ
ʱаĽʱ־ģԸ廪궼޷ס
κԺܶ鶼ģ¶ʱ򣬱ǵ˵ԼµʱοôһˣȴֻṴסԼĲ˵ЩĻһ̫ìܵˡ
ҲԼ
ֻ¶һĨЦȻָԼһ裬˴лһ
ʲô£
ҵ
廪һȤϳתʵʦθ˵ģ
Ҳ֪廪ΪͻȻ˷ܣֻ˵ũһӣĸҿҴȥ
룬Ҫһµʵԣ
֪Ǽٵġ
ζ˶٣˿ڲŵ
ô֪ƭ㣿
գӳ˳ֺ˿ڲ裬ӱ⣬ǵһЩⲻͨũ˻еġ
廪ܿβ̫Ը˵ҲʮʶȤûڵʲô
Һãʦ÷ң˵Ҹһʯͷĳġ
廪˵ûסЦЦЦ⣬廪û뵽λϲЦ
ӵе񡣡
գЩˣվüĶˣҳÿɺÿˡ
˵һƤ
廪꣺
š˵öԡ
**
ҹ廪¥ԷùЩþοŨľζüͷҲȾơ
ʳ嵭󲿷ֵӻصģȲմ˵Ⱦˣǻڶδȹ
ȿѧ
廪εһЩȻֵһЩˮȥͣһЩˮڲ̫Ѻȡ
νס״ɱ룬ͷ֮ʱĿһݣһб׳Ǳڿһѣ忪һĺ⣬ɢһصƬ
ɵҾǲ֪ɵĸͽݹ١
δȵһ΢ͳŮ⴫μԼݱ𴩣ϾͶĿ⣬̲סס
˭
廪սţ»гͻվεĸǰһĨ´ſ֮̽ʱ廪Լַָŵĸ˳ȥ
һŮ˲ȻЦǾۻᣬʹòҲǲˡ
һźµŮ˽һҹĻϢƫǺüĿȴ͸һѼʵ
ǡѪ½ħ
л˵

һŶ


11 
Ůһ̤룬ǴЦ⣬ÿһһ΢磬޽ȴ˾񽣡
ԼĪʮɰٽǵ㣬ҲʮˣǲϣûÿĺÿüĿӢˣɢ˿ֶ˷ò廪겻һǣǴſġ
ſҲǿÿ¡
ȻûҶʦġ
廪Ѫ½ħʽ˳Ҳţֻϴ򲻹ŮˣҲѾۼϣʲôԾʹ뿪
ŵķɻӨǾۻзɻӨӰӣʼЩ򡣡
Ůߵ廪ǰ廪Ըߣ廪ʱ΢΢һĨЦ⣺һа֮ˣһɸͽǣǺιʣ
ûɱ廪Ҳ΢иһЩֻŮкǿѹȸУһ±ƽ֮һ˴Ĵ
廪ͷŮذ׵ֱ֣б˰д˹µ·ֱѶϡڵ֮£Ҳ֪ҫ۵ı˰δ᲻ӡ
·ı˰Ȼ
ʦǵı˰ԲĪǲӭ
Ů廪˵ٹᵽԼЦǣɫҲ˱䣬ƺ˲ȥ˲١
ȻӭǶλ⣬絽̸
ΰסɣǰ֮˵̽̽׼ȷס󣬲С
Ѫ½ħ޶⣬廪˰ĵľٶҲڷЩɽ֮ȥˡ
¥źŮ˲ҽ˶Ѫ½ħҽֹݣ⣬ҲС
ֹ˵Ŀ䵽εϣ̲ס٩аҽݹѧȥδǷ켫֮
廪һʱҭѧɣδֹﾹǱ٩ΣЩܴ졣
˵λɵĸͽʺݡ
ֹݿΣ۾̫䲻ϣһ֪Ǽٵġ
廪ŤͷΣֻλڣˡ
һ˫˻ǣƵ۾ǶȻǽλФɵõϿˡ
ֹ̫Ŀֹڶ廪оԼǰʲôزסҲһĸо
ʦʲôҪң
ֹ˵£Ŀ䵽廪ϡ
ֻںʱŻ˵ǵı˰Ϊǰ·ûж˵ǺŹġ
廪΢΢ϸؿ˿ֹݵգ˵˵书龳˥ϵرʦȻ֡
ֹգЦұ㵱ˡ
ֹȻҲԼʲôӣԼʮţ󷽷ͣʦɺã
ãʦֽдգӹˡ
廪ٹţ黭ĸʦֽ۸ҹ˿ƣûġ
ôúþͺá
֮һĨЦ񽥽һЩ̫õ¡
㵱ʱʦֿѣΪλֵʦֶδ
СĪҪôࡣ
ֹݲ廪꣬廪һ˵룬ѵʲôʦ£ʦ̫ˣ
ֹݴ̾һЦѾͷĪҪΪ׳ҵĻصҸʦ仰
ʲô
ǧɣ֪²֪
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12 
Ұ֮У֮£ӵϣײ֮ʱɳӲݣ˵ۡ
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һߣһһ̶ҪܵĽйɱֺܿмܲס廪곤һɨĨ˲ӡ
廪ͷȥֻɱѵأ˲ÿϧʶһε书ж
ЩϻõɱҲˡ
գûдֻý⹴ɱǺɫͷ¶һССƣдšͭ֡
ЩǶϻõͭɱ֣ͼȻ׶Ը
ϻõɱֵȽףɵͭȣȼɱֻˣǼǮŰµɱֶǰٰĥǲ˺ġ
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廪굹Ҳϻɱֵĵȼֻǲ֪ηֱȼ֪ľӡ
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13 
λԶʮﴦλɽ֮Уаҽ뿪аס֮ء
֮Ϊ飬ȥҽɻδѰаҽѱеĻͶɱѰаҽˣҲһԸΣ˶˵ǲаҽʧܣһʹ졣
˽ȥ˱ö֮˲֡
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廪Ǿ褸Ȳ˵ʦȻ򲻾ȣǸûʦ㣬Ҳˡ
ͽ߽ȥɽ·У߲ˣֻð⡣
廪֮ǰһΣ֪аҽõĻ嶼ʦʱı岼ãҲ̫ȷ᲻ᴥ
׻˽Լʦģһ·˳ܿ壬˲ԶĹУƮ̵é®
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14 
褲֪ϮԷˣȫǺ棬ʹ书ǳӣе书Ҳг͢еĹ򣬺·С
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15 
Σϲ𣿡
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廪껹ǻص˻Ȫ·ջѰ˹񣬲Լ׼һƥ׼ϢϢ͸·ˡ
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廪񽻴о˵Ŀ⣬Цˣ̵Ƕţ붯֣
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16 
ճ³ǲãͬһĶ˱㱻Χˣλ³ǵɣϵɽ
ʦֶҲǽˣʦҲʮֽѰ㣬ûȥʦţʦһ
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ţȻңȥգ
δɽ֪Ҫ˵ɽ·Ǹ׵£ǵԣԸ֡
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廪գüͷһֺ
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17 
Żð̵ҩºԼĶ䣬ҩЩٸȡ
˸ǷҪȥãֱȴ廪꼱ץסϰ֮˲˯ôֻ̫ˣ
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廪üͷһ仰û˵ĿŴִԼ߻ãﻹԹţûôϰڹϰԻ⣬ǲҪˡ
廪ѴĻһֲ˽ȥ˸齱ߣŲ԰׵̾˿
㵽׻жҲ֪ģ
廪ģһ𼱻֮ھ쫷ƽÿ¡
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ҩιˣ廪ȴް˯⣬żſڣȻĿһֱϡղιҩѰϵ˿ժҽûˣֻһԼòҲ±˿ȥ
ղŴĻڶߣ廪ֹȥҪ̽һ̽εĵԼֻδεСȻۣѸһָ̧צ廪ʺץȥ
廪ü죬εָͻ˿˿⣬ֻǹιԼԼĲӣȴ˵ӡ
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18 
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ܣôܲң
廪ֹסεϸԼһʹײ廪çײĺӣȥסź촽һܰ㡣
ε廪ĲϣǸһؿԼĴɬᣬԼʡ
Ǻ೤봽֮Ľֱһ㶯Ҳؿ廪Ĵһ£廪źõͬ⣬̽һεĴ
ϵֽ˽廪ܸо֮˵ôһ˲ĽӲ
ǲ΢΢ﰵסˡ
л˵

һڶ
Сסˣ
Ͽ£å


19 
һˣ廪Цӯӯؿεʲôҵģ
ֻ廪һۣȻϱۣȴȥ۽ǵ糺죺ްɡ
ת齣廪Цظȥ޻Щµģδʹȫ´׼
ϻ˱񣬾λȼɱֻ
ȾҺɫϸ˿˿ɫ
˵ѪǷӣ
廪ȼλѪѪ˸ϲӣֻѪɱɱ˵ֶһ̣һȫʬ
š
ǵǿˡ
廪һڴģαЩͷۡ
ĪҪдǼһǿ¶Ըˡ
ô
廪۽ǵϲɫԴ֮ǰʦ˵вٿ֦ҶҲ಻ɺ֮ˣԼĪҪ³ç¡
޻ӣΪ֪ܺɿѪһʹһͷ񱩵ҰޣֻҪһսſϰݡ
廪ˣҲдɲԸһ˴
ϣ
廪˯ߵϣ̧ƿ¶һС϶˯ɣ˯ʲôҪֲˡ
ˣڴЬ̧ۿ˿廪꣬Ѱ˼̲סʵǸʱ򣬺ܿô
Ѿ۾廪ֻ۾Ҳǿ£ֻǲ㡣
ţ˯ɡ
û˵ֻڴãһ˫ֱضԶò˯˹ȥ
˼·һ·ûϻõˣһ·ͨųǡϧųǺ󣬶˵ûôƽˡ
ųǡҪٰһֱȶʢᣬʿˣлɡ
δߣı˴±ϳǺ겻ᣬ廪ֻײˣҪĳͻ
Ϊֱȶջˣòҵһҿջȴƫƫͬס
컯Ūˡ
ڿջڳԷһжƽȻмɣ˵Ŀ⡣
ǸǴʦ㣬ұҪɱǣ
Сٿվһѳڵģͨ죬С
ȫ¶֪°ȥ϶ǵˣعӣ˭
ŵĵӣ֮Ŀ⻹Сߵһ

СҪȴһֱ֧ɹֱӴ̴ӵʺֻ˲ɴ۾㵹ȥʧϢ
תͷӷĵطŮӣһһ׵ģ뵽ЩװַջʿһЩƽգЩŵӴܣǷ֮ء
ߵĺŮӵͷȲû˵ǰŮվɵĵȥΣǲ˵˵
廪ùϰڷŵĿӣתһȦֵղͦ˵𣿡
Χ˶￴֣ŵĵѱŵòᣬӲͷƤȥȴһŭֹˣס֣
һŷε˼ææ˹ŵĵӣɫ˱䣬ɵĵӹֱȭС߹ȻڳǲԣҲʹɱ֡
壬ӿڳòԩ
Сղ˵Ļס˲һĳ嶯ֿһڵϵˣҪڵʱȴ廪꼱æ˵ţɱģĪҪΪЩ㡣
ԣʦ֣
ʱһԵŵӷ߿ǲɣǻǲһ֪СѾͷ
ֵͷʺǸӣʮİַһйᴩ̧ۿ廪꣬ټϢȽܿ书Լ֮ϡ
̾˿֪˭ǣӿڳдȣֻǡˣҵȻȥϽ
˵ʾӰʬ̧ߣſ廪ʣʹʦλʦ
㡣
廪곯ų࣬ȻתСߵûʲô£ҾˣЩҪͽұǡ
лֻŵˣǣͷϱǡ
С߳廪깰Ҿȴ廪˰֣û˵ʲôͷȥʱβ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ӰֻҪСѲȶϷ䡣
˹Ȼڷ
С뿪廪ЦҾ֪ˡ
¶档
ߣλǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ϾСʮ˽ԼˣԼǼġ
̫³çˣ֮ˣǰҲԽ
ͲҸÿǵˡ
廪һ˫ӣһˮ⣺ףﲻɾұҲɡ
̾˿̧廪굹裺˶ô˵ѵҪɱô
ҲǲС
廪ЦһǹζЦ⣺а֮ˣСħͷ㻹ǰ̫ˡ
һʱҭֻЦЦû˵
֪廪갮ֱ֣ȶһģڶȴֱֲȶԼ˵Ҫȥ壬жһѡ
˵ձ䳡б䣬ȥһ
μ廪궼ͷԶмˣ֪Щʲô
ãҪֱȶ಻ǰһ죬ǻʱ䡣
ֲ廪꣬ջȥ塣ԸΪʱ磬ɻкһЩΪڳѰסޣסһ˾رȤµظһũ
仹һѽ濴ˣһǸ⽣ֻͣнͲŻὣ廪࿴ۣһԵʵȤ
廪㶣ЦԴװ
Ҳ㶣һЦεڡ
˲İˣҲ⣬ڴתһҵһǰİš
ţ¡
廪ڰǰŴؿһۣȻʵ˵ɶ
廪˶㣬˵£
˭Һʺ
廪꣺
һԵβЦЦʱһ˹ǴǸŮӸũĴĨ·ϣȻ˵ҰѾһ䲻ãģ
һ廪ΣǴžװʼЩ䱸ʲôֵģǲ߰ɣ
Ƕûʣ
廪סҪڣȴ£ͻˣһʮǰ¡
ʮǰũɲ꣬ôǵЩ£
ˣҪˣȴ廪ҰũЪЪ룬㿴ɲУ
ؿ廪꣺С첲Сȵģܸũ
Сң˵ܲС
Уȥɣǰ綼ãǸС޻ôġ
˴ԼȻ˰֣ȥȥ㵲סҵСˡ
˵꣬Ҫȥ廪ŵСӡ
ȥ
廪곯һɫúʣԼһ̵ȥˡ
һ۴ߵΣ˶Լļ򣺡СҪʲôʰɣ
ʮǰ
л˵

컹иŶ


20 
廪ܵŮӻͷһʣ˭
Ůò毺ãȴݣ۾ģ˵һ˫۾תת̲ס۾
صģ塣
ŮһЦһʵҲ̲þס޷Ѱ
廪ߵŮߣ˼תתæӦǰǰҸôҲᡣ
ҽ㣬
Ůְֵؽ廪һ飬廪ܿѧˣһ߲һ
Ůңμֱȶģϧ뽭ƭӣƭ̲һߴһųǣκųǿջķð壬ס޷ˡ
Ҳμֱȶģ
˼廪겻ʣԼ˵ǰȫˡ
ǣֻʶʶʱ̨һΪź
ҵúúôˡ
˵˵ЦЦܿʹһƬҲûӰֱߵĹ֮ǰͰˡ
廪굽ͺӱֽ߰ϴɾͻȥѰΣѲǸǰ
أ
廪סմӼ׼ιĴǸأ
ָָԶȥҴ山ˡ
ãл
廪л֮ܵ山ȥжвסϸ첲ϸȵҲܸô
廪һ·山ȥȻһªéһŲΡҲ֪˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ˵˾ʲôվ廪Ŀ
ߵ廪ǰ˵ȥɡ
ģƺߡ
ʵô
廪βУ˳Ĭ˺üϢ˵е˿һжδˣȥ˵
á
˻صųǣ廪ȥ˶ٱģһũֽŶеˡʱջûʲôˣҶȥ䳡ˣҲԵýΪڡ
󣬶˻˷䣬ŰѸղŴ˵˳
˵ʮǰȷһ£Ҳ֪˲ܶ˵ʿЩΪ٣뿪ǰǵĴ˿ڡ
˵ʱиŮ˱壬ĺǵΪǸŮһࡣǺһȺѴ壬Ů˲ˣҲˡ
廪̲סǰȥ²Ǹӱ㣿
š
㲻ǵ֮ǰˣ
ǵã˵ʱ˳ֻǵԼˡ
廪˵ͷɻ֣¥ô֪ܲʱң©Ŷԡ
廪꿪ʼǸˣ´Ҫǻô廪һҪúõ٩һ
಻ף˵ǸŮǻ֪ʲôҲ˳ʲôˣ
ϧˡ
廪üͷòһ֮УȷЩˬ
ŮӦòɣ
廪룬˽˵巢֮ĸ׻𡣲ЩΪ˰ֻԭ򣬻Ҳ࣬Ůӡ
ţ̽̽ãǵûһǡ
ϾҲи˵
Ҳôá
ΰ˵ֿ˿⣬￴䳡ʢɴСĽкûмϹ
߰ɣȥֱȶ
㲻֮ˣ
ˣӱǡ
廪ˬʵЦãҴӡ
뿪ջ󣬱䳡ȥԽǿ䳡˱Խ࣬˼˵״̬
廪Ȼ֣ɲԸⱻЩܵĴ󺺴塣Ĭûߣ廪ȥĵһֽɡṦɵݶ֮ϣǸԶ
Ṧ˶ݶռ˸λã廪ҲѰ˸λ£Ȼ廪ֽɡǵͷ֮ϡ
ôѣ
̫˵ðýɡӰܰѶס
Ϊͬһɡ
廪ְһЩεļȾһ㣺˻ᣬܴ
ֻǵЦҡҡͷҲȡ
ӡ
䳡ϴȻ죬̨ϵĲƴڴ̨µƴںӢۻࡣ
ֱȶкνΪһҪƵģ
ÿ׶аܵıȻΪƴ
ζ˶٣඼һЩССɺһЩһЩҲǴһЩСһ
㿴
廪ָŲԶװַˣǲ첻ƽôǸЦӣ
ţǡ
û뵽ǵҲˡ
٣кϷˡ
֮ǵ֮ⲻһ
εû廪ǰ˷ܣֻüע첻ƽЦӵĶ򡣴ǵĴܿע⵽ǣ׷׸·³ײǡ
ЦȺУЦȷ磬ȴ΢΢̧ۿݶκ廪Ըš
Цӳ΢΢֣첻ƽ̨ȥ
֪ǡ
廪˵
棬ĵ̣ûд棬ǵʱһһƶ
˵ĿһתŵѾַԼϣɱӿ
廪Ҳ⵽˽ŵЩ˵Ķ򣬲Щ˷ܣͿʲôʱᶯ֡
Сӣˡ
Цߵ֮ǰС֣Сȴ͵ЦӺôĪҪ
ЦֻЦЦֿ壬λ䣬ĪǶλãǱ㿴ã
Цҿ˿ŵĵؽ磿
첻ƽǰһЦӾͰǻҪ򲻳ɣ
ǾʲôĿģ
Сֱָ߳ЦӵʺЦȴ㲻ЦǴҵСѾͷμӱ䣬Сӻô
˵꣬Цӽһ衯һСѾͷȺ˳ͷ
ǸС
廪ղŻûͷСȺлҲӰ
ʱС߹ĪҪ嶯ֱȶûƲԺźɣڴ£˳ĹرǴ󲻺á
ֱȶųǳʢ£Ӣ۲ʳֱȶҲޡ
㿴˵þͲҲСѾͷǾŹ㡣
ЦӺǺЦţС߼Ŀ¶ɱ⣬ջ˳ߡ
ɵ뿪ŵҲٶ뿪Ⱥŵ˲ɢҲûϷˡ
Ц壬Ǻô
֮գǸСӣϧס
ҵǾã˶ϳɣ⽭ûг
˵Цͷȴض㿪ˣѽңѾСˣŮ֪ܲ𣿡
ǣСĴСڴ˸ⲻǡ
⻹ࡣ
ݶϵ廪ɺŵĵ뿪󣬲ЩʧûϷ
γĬϷǲ뿴ġ
СʦõǱƢһȼȤȤ
ʦüֻļ˶ɽɱˣϰ־ҪͶ񡣡
Ǹ־򡣡
廪˵ͷȻʣأϰʲô־ô
еġ
ʲô
ϣʦһۡ
л˵

һŶ
V¿еѣģܲVģҷĿ
ԤĴҿȥղһŶ
ִ-ҵǰΡ
½赵ħ-Ϊɵڻͽܡ
İԵרŶ


21 
ڶ, ˻ȥֱȶһ廪꿴˸ңýϬ, ȴ·ÿһÿһʽ޼Ѱ廪Ȥ
ĽУ֡
廪
ûнС
ɡӰ֮£εĿעŸңÿһĻȶ֮С
ȤȤĽһһʽ̫Ȥˡ
廪Լ, ͱʽס
ȷǸˡ
εҲʤ, 廪˫ַߣ󺰣Һģ
ݶ˽л, ̧ͷȥ, һ廪꣬ϻʾ⣬ǵЦҪá
ҳ˵أҲʶˣ廪ҲṦ, ȥкˡ
Ṧ
廪ֿһ䣬ҺٺЦ, ȻҾλ㡣
ض񡣡
ε, 崺, , ȻЦʣհ
ҽɪá
˵廪һ£˼תü۽Ƕϲɫ
˺һȥ׼ˡ
뿪廪䵽εߣ˲Ȼһ£
нɪ
β˵Ŀ⿴̨ȴð˿˿޺죬ҪѪ
ǸŮҪˡ
廪ĿתƵ̨ϣûһģŵסε֣еı޷񽣷ǺܾĽ
Ҳ˹ȥſţüͷɱ˵Ľ
ţҲ֣ÿ񡣡
廪˵ͻȻ飬ȻתͷΣҲʲô
ĪЦ
λ䣬ѾһӰѶɨ̨ȥˡ
ΪʹǱӣ˷ɱ⣬ȴ䣬ԺǸ˵
Ҳǡ
Ťͷ廪꣬廪סЦѾˣ
ҲЦˣֻ̲ס廪û˵
˵˵ÿɶԣ
ţԡ
ѽǷĵȻǸ
ųǵֱȶ죬һĴʮ־ʣǰ͸ҡ
գӮ˰ȡʤ˼ס֪ðСѾͷ
ȶ廪Ҫ뿪ųǣϵȥδɵĳͻڲűڴ϶
ͻΪ˼ǰŵӱɱ£СҲǸӲƢģ濸һΣŵִ廪ʰңһܿǣǳ岻ڣΪ׵һٵˡ
ŵ˻³ϡ
Ҳ治ǶԼ򲻹˸ϼһԸСѾͷ
գҲüͷСߴ򲻹»ġ
ߣڳſڵң
廪ߴһΣȻ֪Ҫʲôֻҡҡͷɣɳ£Ӳ
㲻ǷֵĻ߰ɣҶҪΪġ
λЩɣ廪˵ҪһЩԼϰߵôΪɷˣȥ
廪껹εļ򣬴ߴ뿪
ãһСġ
٣㻹ŲҵṦ
ЦЦҪתȥֵһʱ֮Ҽ㣬ұ㡣
Уһӡ
뿪廪ɳòɿǳ»û˵ֻǱվԭأϸϸСߡ
ʵ˾ò˶ʲôһ
廪һſڴϣι˵ô಻һһ𣿡
廪˲䰲Ƿ׷׿ȥС߼״æ޹أȥ
С߹壬Ҳȥ˵벻ǣ
Сû˵ʱ»ڿ˿ڣԭɱŵĵӡ
²˻Ǳˡ
廪˵ջ¥ĴվڴǰһŵһƤСЦϣЦ˼λɱ˹ЩĹɲЩ
һһͣ»һŭԭǵˣ
̣
廪һԾ£»һ»ʺȥŵӷ׷ÿ»һһƻ廪ĽС
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»¶һɫϧδ廪׷»ǿ˼УȻ·硣
ŵĵӼˣҪὣǰȥȣС߿һǰ廪Ľʹ֡
廪˼ڵأŵĳڴˣҾڴ˵أԼûòҵԹˣ
廪˵ջʹң뵽ܱ¶ݣһ뿪Ⱥȥ
˳ر
ǳ»廪ȴϾ˼һʱ쵽ˣȥλˡ
һ·СܵţһƥһӰ廪ǰβ˿
廪˵֮·ɿڴȾһĨס
廪§סεסӣݡһ˼Ǳⱼȥ
ˣ
ʵдŷյ⡣
ȻûУǳ»ʲôɫ
廪Цһʧӣּҳ֣ӦΪɡ
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»ӲǲЦͻġ
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ģзִ硣
ųˣһ·ǣ;ȴ˵кüųǱɱµ˺ԴԸŸɵ书лɵġ
ŵѾɽȥ˵Ҫָ
صֿ֯ʼɱˡ
廪˿ڲ裬ֻɫɫأҲȰ
£ڰȥ
˵󣬱廪һָ˹üޣ廪˵õɣΪüͷĹֶܼӬˣ
֪ϵҵİΣ
Ϊ
ȻΪٶҲã羲䣬ץǵСβ͵ġ
廪갲οü޵ָ֮ʱ˳ƻ޽ǵ˿
εĴ΢΢廪䣬ˡ
廪½Ǳ˵ݵķִУļһ¡Լȴԭ
ղšôԼСβͱץһ
**
һνǣǻȪ·ջӴǵĻǹ
ôֻˣ
Ūֱߵ̣žžˣֻ̧ͷһۣĳصҲҲαأ
ˣˣҪġ
Ū̵ָ̧ͣ۴ˣҳ
ʡ
δ
죬һݺסҪʳĻ
Уھȥͨ
˵仰ʱ˵ôÿջﲻֵ˶һ
˱ˣ廪δ󷽷Щ˳ԡЩûϾղѾ˵úѰ˭ˡ
ԲΨɲѪ½ħֹݡ
л˵

컹иŶ


22 
֮ˣ
ֹݻΪʲô, û뵽ôûͷûԵ⡣Լ֣Ǻɫ们䣬ʺı˰ֻ, ๦ʮ־ϸ磬һŻʦĻ
ҪҶøĴʦ
廪ϸϸֹ޺ı˰ֱۣ⻭Ϥ
ʦġ
廪գһָֹݵֱ۵ĪֿϤ
廪ûѧ鷨ҲûѧǶĿȾôҲԶһġٹŵĻ鷨, 廪ÿھ˼ʱ򶼻ῴŽƣʵϰߺͱʴķϳġ
һˣҸʦȥġ
ֹݰֱ۷ŵԼǰ, ֿϲ֮顣
ΪҪ
廪, һһֱֻ, оһȥͦʹġ
ʹҲʹ
ܹˣֱкѿ˺ۣʹȥˣ㿴ڶÿ
ֹݿʮԼ, ̲סֶ࿴˼ۡ
ܷ֪ʶʦ
δ˶˵Ļһ䡣
, , Ҳǵˡ
ֹݽֵ˽, ˵ٸȾ˾, ûͲ֪ˡ
֪ںδ
ʣɫЩС
֪Цϵ˵ڰ³Ǽ
ֹݲǰ֮ˣûΪҪѰ֮ˣһתʵϿӣ治ô
л⡣
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ֹݲ廪ʣɱ˼ǵˣȻ޹ˣڳǽϺüˣշ
˵ֹݺԼ˵òԣָӦ˵ǵĲⱻͺճЩӹҲס˵ġ
εɫ˱䣬廪ȴ쳣˷ܣʵûвЩ˭
֮ˣʲôʬûʲô𡣡
ֹ˵ɣȫûа·ϣμ״ѵ¹ֻǸʼвĻ֮˵ʲôɵġ
ֹһ㶣еǵɫЦЩ֮˻ЩͬĪܸѾͷһ𡣡
û˵ʲôֹֽŵ㵣Щɸðɣ̥˵¿϶Ҫⷢӡ
ɫֳ˳廪״ϴԲ⡣ֹݸˣ廪θ˺һʱ·Ϣһٳֻܸǰŷ䣬ϾûԸԡ
֮ǰǸ䣬廪˯ڿλã΢΢򿪴ĵ
ɫ߸߹ְ׵¹֮в˵Ĺ£ڴϣȴ˭͸Щ¡
˵Щ˾ʲôĿģ
֪廪껹δ˯ţ˯⣬ƣòٶ̫˼
ڿӦҪìܵģ㣬Ĳƽల£һСԡ
廪˫ԺĿ⿴򴰷ǿգյǳƯȾһɫ⡣
ʵһֱŽŸɣһΪ±̫ӵġ

廪ŤͷԶڴΣ˲ӿԼϵʱ򣬱˴˵۽Ƕ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
ţȻʦ̫ϲΪģΪģǿġ
ʱ廪Ȼ󼱼εĴߡЩ廪ľٶҲڴͷʣ
ôҵЩˡ

ţ㶼δҡ
廪״ίηӦ˺һŷӦЦǿβЩ
廪꿿εĴߣָ˵ԼĴһұˡ
Ǹͽӡ
Ϊλܾȴһ廪ǳǳ廪Ĵһ¡
ëȴ廪̵ůůģȻᳶ˳˲䣬ԼСβͺᳶһ¡
Ϊλôã
廪ʣλδȫȥ˴˵ĺ;ڿڱ֮䣬ҡ
˵һЩδô
ЦϢ廪Ĵϣǵġ
𣿡
֡
廪ĴһǣԼžɫ廪Ӱ֮£ֵġ
**
³ǣ˳˵ʱ֪ԭ͢ãСﶼرϰҲһǳķɣѰ³ǵµһ¥Χˮйͨ
˵蹫ΨһһλӵȨͱȨĹʵ۴£ǻʵ۵֡
ȻڽУ廪Ҳλ蹫¼Īڷ蹫ˣһֽʮƷṦΰ
Ե죬Ѱ
廪ſ˿Χסµһ¥㶼رǰյΧۣ蹫׺ͣʿϰգ֮а׷档
ôļơ
廪̧ͷȥݶ֮Ҳţνǵˮ©ˡ
¡
廪˴Լ֣ٺЦ⡣
£
üͷЩ
ҵϢҪһȥһ¡
β˵ɻ廪걾Ҳ˵ǼһԼ˵㲻ݵģΨ˵ˣȥ͵Ƿ蹫һҾͿЩʿж͡
̾˿ĲǶԵģ˹ȻͲסˡ
Щǳ͢ѵأ罭ǰɢ
֪սԡ
廪ֵİɣҲµġ
֪廪һ˵¾Ͳı⣬ԾԾԵģԼҲͲɨˡ
ƿֵֵ࣬ͨ¥·û˳Ҳܿ͹ȥˡ
㣡
ԩ·խ
ָ廪꣬ҪѡҼȡ˵ڣȴ廪סָָһҲò
ŶŶǸһʱԣûҼȣ
廪꣬ϰԼ緹ҪԵļɲˡ
Ҹ㹻ܶ༦ˣôС
һЩίСֹһǼҼȺġ
ǰһҾλӣ֪ʦȥ򣿡
֪
˵꣬廪Ҳʮֺӣ˵
סڳϵլǰȾ˾񫣬ţƢҲòôãӺͶӶ
ֻһӣȻѴ󲿷ֶ˻ȥ鱨ҲҪôࡣ
һҪʡ
廪е̨֮ϣȻʵʮǰ帽ʲô
ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˡ
ȥѰһţ˵ʱڴӸɱͦǰ¥ô֪ܲ
һɫ˱䣬Сֹһ䣺ĪǱ˺Ǽҳ
ʲô˺Ǽҳ
廪ãȻʵǲ֪Щʲô
֪Уʱûʲô·
ϣȻǮƻص廪ǰ
֪Щʲô
廪ûգʱᰴס廪ֱй棬λ֪һǣЩ಻֪̽Ǳ㲻Ҫˡ
°һлϿ¡
һ£¥ҵϢ
ʵ
Ͽӷģ¥н飬¥ѷԸܰѹ˵ȥ
廪㶣û뵽¥¥н顣
л˵
½ɫ
컹иŶ


23 
, ˻صջЩˣСһЩˮ㡣
¥¥кν飿
廪, һգüƺѾ׼ˡ
ǰżȻȹһ
˵õȻһֻǾ֮һ廪¸ˣ¥¥书ô
书

廪Щ죬Ϊƹô鱨İ¥¥һк书˲Ųȥ¥ҡ
¥¥ǻ岼ãǳ뻯ݡ
˵ݳ뻯, 廪£֮ʦģ¥¥ж
ݲֹܸıòܸıԱߡ

廪꾪еĲ豭˻, ˮ˳ʪָ
֪¥¥ò, ֪Ů
ȷ뻯֡
廪˵, ǻòǻ˸ˡϵȷһֽǹĹ龳ı͵ĴСòĸı䣬ǵȷϳ
, 廪Ե
Σ
, û, ͷȻֱ, ʱٴ㡣
üͷ, ʼЩǣҼķǱ㡭
λδ˵꣬廪ЦյǰЦȻһͬˡ
ĬĬһʱ֮˵
ǻô
ĽǶǵȷǡ
Ǳǰɡ
漴ҲЦЦֻЦⲻ۵ףŸղŵĻĪҪģ͢ķġ
İɡ
廪εֱһҪһԺײˡ
գһϸŤŤͷŤȥһ߲廪꣬ͽӡ
廪Ťͷȥǰ˴գ˵ķ㣬󳷻ء
ο廪꣬ûһŲ裬ƫշ̣˿һ
ҹƽᰮһµ˻ҹ£ֻ¶һ˫ڰ׷
ȥˡ
ţһСġ
μȫװҲǽġ֮ǰ͵ɺ֮ʱﴩŰ·ģǽһ޼ɵ
廪ٺЦȻܳ⣬㲻Ӱ
Ŀ廪뿪ӭһݣ˹ȥȴţȴк͸˽
ֱߵ񽣣ߵһߵĴǰѴ򿪡
ɫ֮£վһСŮЦӯӯؿԼɫ䣬ɫ޾ɫҲ˽ˡ
ǾɵĸУ
**
廪ûҹɫ֮Уҹ£Ṧ죬ܿվݶЩߡ˵ûȻɭϣ廪ݶ˼Ȧŷַ©òײµһ¥
봰֮УΪͷиɭϵķأδƤ̺Ⱦһ˶ûС
еɺҩȻСԶ˵Ǹ䣬ңȥƷʲôˡ
廪귳յȿյģһſҹյóҲûʲôڵһˣҲ֪öȥ
廪ŵβ˵ķ䣬ֽϴ˸СͷƣɳʲôƲ
ڴʱڵͣˣ廪©©ҪѰطȥʱͷһŮԼ֪пǰ
ף˱Ƿ蹫
廪걻˷ˣƿŽȥͷ̴㣬ϵζ񣬵ζһЩ
ܴźи磬Ѭ¯ҲҵķһСһɫ۵ŮӾС֮УǰڷŵĹ٣ĺҪǰѰ꽣١
廪궢ǽٿ˿û⵽蹫ĿԼϴ
㴩һĲʲô°ɣ
蹫վüĿӢЦȴԼˣһһʮţͰйסһЩΪ֪ķ
ʱ廪ſ蹫úÿֳ׺͸Уȴ˸оɿǱ⽣Ӱĥķ
㳤Ҳͦÿ
廪˵εģֵϧûÿ
蹫ƺҲ⣬廪ָǰѽٵҪˡ
廪Ҳû蹫ϻȥȡȴ蹫һƵ£ƷϮ硣
ٻƣе˼
廪վӺЦˣϰǹټҵ书ǽģҲв
蹫ֻЦЦ˭ûأ
廪˵ͷ˵öԡ
˵꣬廪ָָԼ󣺡㿴Լġ
蹫Լϸһִˣɫһ̧ͷȥ֮ʣԼǰѽѾ䵽廪С
ǵ񣬼ס
˵꣬廪Ͽ蹫Ҳû׷ûнˣֻǿĨɫӰʧ
ǣȤ
蹫һԼӣһİĽ˵һ䣺ȥ׷
廪ЦǺǵؿһ˻ȥֻǻȥ֮βڣǰҲڡ
ˡ
廪ҪȥȴδŽɴɱ⣬ϻȾһЩѪ
ôˣǲˣ
廪곶Լ֣ɫ԰ףһȴûˡ
ģ˵Ĳҡ
۵δȥĺ֮ɫ񽣺󣬵ϻõ˾ˡ
գ廪Ȼþ֣ʵûˣ
μ廪ǵǵɫѧʵҰ
Ȼİ
廪Ӧü죬Ҳû£Ƥ˶ûС
Ǿͺá
һɾĲĨȥϵѪֻѪѸɣϴһܸɾ
ΪҪɱʱһܡ
ʲô
廪ϲˡ
޲һˡ

廪ȻһƤĪ޻һֻ
μ廪ŵɫ԰׵ģЦһ˼ǣ޲ֹһˡ
ϴǸòĺһ
Ȼ£֪ͬһ˵ģ
۾ζѸ˵۾ʲôͬһָоζͬ֬Ȼֱܷ϶صζ
廪һһȻӣ벻㻹ı
Ժ˸ģҲϳ
Ȼһϳ
Ե廪ҲֻһЦ﷢һҪԼĥ¯ǡ
һһ¡
ЦݣȻɫ
£
ߵһֺϤζ
ʲôζ
廪ѵģα˵ȥڲɱǸˣЩϵζơ
ֶ㣿
廪ʶȻ֪Ƕ㣬ʲôǵ֪ˡ
ԣҶԶ̫ϤӦһġ
廪۵׸ŹâȤˣǵûȥһˡ
ҲãҲ뿴褵
廪Ӧһ󣬰Ѵ򿪵Ĵغãû뵽ϻõôգȻҲ͵Ϯ㡣
ֻҪܰɣǿɲںЩ
ζ˶٣ЩΪѵصܷȳȥһ·
廪ٿվǺЦŵ߰
ҪҪҰ㻻
л˵

ͦģ̲סΪcall


24 
ҪҪҰ㻻
廪곯գգ, ǵЦʮƤα֪׼硣
εЩӲȴڿ廪Циá
һӦ, 廪ƤЦ⽩ǣε˼ֲš
͵Ц˳㣬ȥɡ
廪ŷӦθղǷԼһҪǿ廪¿ɲˣסε󣺡ɲУҪ㻻·
λδӦ廪־Ҫȥ⿪ԼĿӣŵȥƤӣ
, ҾƤ㶺ң
廪ҲûĽ⿪εĿӣȥε, ȻŤҪ廪, ȴñ廪вλ, ֻüܡ
κ˼ײϣ˳£廪Ҳ˳ϡ
ЦȻֹ˫, Ȼģ˴֮ĺҲȡ
廪Ķ, ȥεĴ, ûܾ, 廪󵨵, Уֹֻסĸо
ε廪࣬ҲһɬػӦ廪꣬«ĺӡ
廪΢΢Ц㻹ǵһλӦҡ
˵
εЩƣ廪޷ͣٴȥ촽ţ鵽ſ졣
βԣҪѯʣȴ϶ȥ̽࣬Եأء
š
һʼЩɺܿеͶ廪ң˫ֽץס廪
ã廪೤ǣʹſͬϢȵΣٿűԼǵú׵Ĵʱ־ڸ
ôôࣿ
ʣһĲá
ǱܣҪΪһı롭
̰
廪ЦŴεֻȼЩʣܾŤ
廪Ṵסε·ô
ȳȥ
һֱԼſԼ·϶ᷢ಻ʰ顣
С
廪Ҫת˻ûһϲҰ
̧廪꣬żҵǣˮӭ廪
ţһ㡣
Ҳ档
廪ʱϲɫЦQյ뿪˷䡣ճžһ׼ȥϢС廪Ҳ˲ʲôסǿûʹȥСûͷûԵ˵һ仰
˵һϲҡ
ۼСû廪˵ʲôıQQ¥ˡ
**
գ廪ȥլ·ϣһֱû˵ĶԵĴš
廪˹ˣΪǷ蹫׷ԼѶҪδ뾹Ƿƽ˾
ѵǷ蹫ҲԼ͵ʲôô
Ǹ蹫Ϊ˶ǸһȽٻҪ
һģڿʲô
μ廪ֺΣעϵ˶˵ʲô˼ܲ·ϡ
廪Լɻ˵֮αܸоǷ蹫ʹưոݡ
Ҳãֵľûκδš
ˣҲٶ룬һ·ߵլǰŷլǰվ˺üվš
Ƿ蹫֪ҵٰɣ
ôͨ󣿡
ΰο䣬һŮլ߳һܣκ廪ڲԶĿͣ廪ϼϢ
ֻ΢Ȼ˽ӣеҲ뿪ˡ
廪Ƿ蹫ԼЩ־Լδ¶ݣ蹫ܿó
߰ɡ
һ廪꣬廪ϸνլȻǰǸլӣͥ䣬լֵҶѾ* ϸʴ䲻ˡ
˸Ҫţŷľûйؽһ紵ƿˡǶһۣذƿŵһ㴫ԺӶ˾ˮһ
Ųߣָڱǰ廪굹ǲ⣬ƹӲݴԺӺ󣬱ڴһȵӽűߣ֮ˡ
ͷ׷һȵͮͮģǰֻνЦЦƣǮٸһоǮ
˸ãȥƣ廪һСǾôȷǴˣô
ѵ̧ۿˣȴֲ֪˭˵ָֻһͨôʲô£
廪Ҫ˵ȴ̧ѹסڣߴ壬һ¡
֪
һӣ߷ߵ˵һ󣬲ΡΡһ̳ƾ͡
廪꿴һεĳݣһȻôȾƣҾͳȫ㣬³ʲôƣȡ㣬ȻҺúûش⡣
Ȼӻѣ˺ǺЦţððҾҪʲôֱߴŵľȡҾʲô㡣
УҪҸ˾ƣȴʲô˵Ҿ֪ʲô
ߣ
廪סξߣŲɿ죬òᡣ

β⡣
̫ˣģҲһ˵
廪һʱ֮Ҳ˵˸ȥ
廪ǵ߳լŴһڣֵһ䣺׶ûϴˣˡ
߻ȥ֣·ʣ㵱Ҫȥ͵Ǿƣ
͵ô͵ǲҺú˵ҶҪ̶ζ
ĺӣ
һʱ֮Ҳ֪廪ԵɣѵΪϳ
㲻
·ϣ廪ԼԭԭΪŭ
ţ
ô붼˵ֱ֪ˣ
ĬĬЦᣬ廪䣬ˣȥԷɡ
䣬廪еֲסСֱӵġ
ãԷ
˲ˡ
ҹ廪껹Ǵһҹ£·ǸȣҲˣŵƿţȴͷ·ĦһŴ齵λÿ˹ȥ蹫ϣһСƬ׵ļ廪гʧ
Ǹ
廪˵űǸȴûжǸ⣬ĿĴ·δľơ
ˣ
蹫ѣ廪Ťͷȥʱŷַ蹫ϻһŴƵŮˡ
ǲǴˣ
廪ӣ׼͵ȡ̳ƣȴ蹫Цұϲ鱻˿ȥǶĲء
˵⻰ʱ蹫ѾߵߣΪϵŮ˸ϱӣס¶λá
ߣ
Ī
蹫廪꣬δȥĺΣɱ.Ⱦüɵסһ󣺡ѱ
룬Ϊ㲻⡣
ǲ⣬ֻǱ֪һû
ƫǲأ
廪֣һŷ蹫ԣֻס嶯
ǵҲ޷񱾹رѾΧÿջֻҪһ£ǴߵͬҪɥˡ
˻һ廪ϼˣȻԼ˳ˣҲ˲ȥ·蹫οָֻŷ蹫ŭң
кβҵģ
蹫һЦЦ÷Ƶŷǳ
ĪҪСʧ󡣡
廪룬ԼҲãӻа̽ӻظ˷蹫
ԭˣˣܰκιĶϣӵ
廪²ŻȻ򣬿蹫еӣǽɫӵͷ߲һһʱֲ֮˴
ȴӴϣҰĺܴ󰡣ˡ
л˵

컹иŶ


25 
ӵ, ⣬ͼɫôϡ
Υ, ѹá
蹫廪ԼҰģȴҲŭֻЦΣ
ΣҹܲţӻˣҪˡ
廪걧ƾҪܣȴ蹫ǰš
֪ʲ֡
Ų㡣
廪Ҫߣȴ蹫ƽסռڱ, 廪ʩչҲ˷蹫ʣ
һ˫ر۾, ڰ׷ױϡ
蹫ЦЦ, ÿһλ, ޷֪ġ
廪һ룬蹫ЦǺܿټġ
ŲҪ֣
廪ŵĨ͵ˣʱǻ˯˲Ż˭
һȤˡ
蹫, 򴲱ߣֵ֮, ֪ô, ԰ɣ
蹫־˵ķ˿, 𵽶, ЦȻ֪ȡˡ
ܺá
**
գ廪ξžȥˡż㣬㹾๾غ˼ڣ廪ʵ飬Һúûش𡣡
ʡ
ʵģ̧̳Ӿͺȣһܵģ·ȵ
ٸŮ
ʣ־ģȻЩĻ䣬òʳʲô
ŮӡŮӰ
۾Զ˼ŵǲˣǲˡ
廪һŭسԼˢһסĲӣŵϰѲһҶ룬룡
úú롣
廪˳ϵȻսŵ۾˲٣뵽뵽ˣ
ˣˣǸŮҲʹˣ
˭˵

û˵꣬ӭ廪׺ݵϲ˲һһǴźµģǸʲôħļǲˣһܵģҼǵú㱻Ǹɱˡ
ܵǸϣ
ʡ
ǣô֪ģ
εʲô
޻
ڲΪѾо˲ϴʹʹģȵҺ
ɻǵЩʲôŮ˵ġ
ʣĲ÷ɿ죬ܼҿĽŸС
ǵˣֻǵŮ϶˺ۣһ
εɫſɡ
廪һɿһ˦ѽϵѪ˦ɾˡ
ŵסˣȴһ̳ơ廪״ֻЦһȾȷҲˡ
ɻʦŮ
֪֪ľֻͣһˣŮܲףö˶ԸΪŮġ
˵Ŀת廪ͷȥһžװĸ߹Ů˳
Ҿ˵Ǻܿͻټģ
蹫ֻǿ廪һۣȻĿڴߵϣҲһ˲
ûκۡ
ߵĸǰӸµؿ㣬ʲô˵ȴʲô˵ˣǽ˵ֶκð
蹫ֻؿһȻת廪꣺ΪҪѰŮˣ
ΪҪѰ
廪Ǵ粽ãҲ֪ΪΣϲŮ˽ϾƿһеĴݸС
Ǳ໰ˡ
蹫ֻһЦǸ⣬廪֪ûУһЩΪ֪ܡ
蹫ŤͷΣؿһۺŴҴȥ
ֵˡ
廪ʼտ͸蹫ʲôֻҪҪѰˣҲܡ
뿪լȴ˼廪ʵôˣ
Ǹ˱Ƿ蹫ô
ԡ
廪ϵŮˣδ蹫ϲŮ˵ġ
ܾá
ʲô
̣ջû˵ڣûʲôǼǴˡ
Īоʶ
ôܡ
̲סЦЦһ֦ҶоʶȻǲܵġ
蹫ԲöԸǧˡ
˵ƭңΪرΧÿջ
գ˼תת廪껰е˼ЦʵΪûң
֮ʱһӰûУ֪ƭˣ㲻˵öˡ
廪ʳָԼͷȻ󡮰ѽһֵ˵ҶˣԷȥ
ЦӦã廪ȴߵ÷ɿ죬±˿Ƕ⸡˿˿ɫ
ϧˣͿˡ
**
뿪³ֻȥȣ廪껹˽٣Ƿ蹫û׷
ͽɫҵƲ֮У廪Ѱ˸СϢû뵽ֱȶĿ׸ҡ
ڿջ˱شкͬ˵̫ˣû뵽ڴ˴λ
һپλɣ
ܾ廪ȴһӦ£ȻǺãնֱȶĿףҲմմϲ
ˣҶмˡ
ʱӣǰˣҲʿյĿˡ
˳ֻ˵٣һ㶼š
ʲô㣬𣿡
廪ʡ
ţųǵĳһȥɽׯһׯԸĻׯߣıһݲ¡
廪һҲû˵ʲô̶Ϊĳ¿϶ǲеģöġ
ɽׯҵû˵
ڽѾãȴδʲôɽׯһӾͰе¸ͻȻðɽׯϵһ
ûһ֤֤Щɽׯйء
Ҳû˵ųǵĳ˵ˣλׯǿˣҼׯԸ£಻ᱻǿ
Ҷ˶٣Ц£ȥ
Ҳã಻ʧΪһ
ζɽׯܸȤʣ֪ɽׯںδ
ɽУֻҳ뽭תתãδѰɽ
εЦЦǡ֪ɽںδĸָ·Ҳϼлллɪˡ
廪һɪ֣̲סЦЦɫҲһ죬תƻǾףһ˳
һٷ廪ջصҷ£ƿҹɫҲ˵΢΢˽
ɽׯܸȤ
ţͻȻðһɽׯͲ᲻йء
廪˵ͷƺҲͬ˵ģôȥ˲ȣǱȥɽ̽һ̽ɽׯ
á
廪һӭ»֮һɫңԶƫƫϣʵڱ˸
ĳˡ
ֻϴߵǰż;㡣
񣿡
廪յýȴûж㣬ǹԵһֿĲϣ׼ӭһͻǡ
࣬һɿģȴ㡭
廪긲οԼʵ֣⹴
һ㶣Цô
롣
л˵

컹иŶ


26 
ɫ΢, Ϊһ㱡ɫĻй¶棬ҲһЩΪ֪̰£ںҹ
΢Դ, ˾ޱߵξ֮С
ô
롣
εıͷпƹ̰ǰϿΣ̰̳ξ
廪§εȥĽڻ谵ķΪ繣ڱ֯һܡεֻػס廪֫ɬػӦ, кЩϸ΢Ϣૡ
˭ӣ̰أ
廪δʲôʧȥ˼, ֪ԭֻҪһ, ֻҪεһЦ, ݡ
Щ˿һ۱ϲôϲ
θо޽Ƕ߳Щ㺹΢΢˲廪֫ǡ
ˡ
θо඼Щ, һǺҿ廪, Ŀȴǡ䵽˵Ĵ, ΢, һ˵Ĺʵ
ҵƿĿ, ɿ廪꣺þˡ
㺦߰
廪ݣϲ׼糺죬ǶһƬ̧ȥǵѪһĶ⣬ֻЦʮЦٲ
廪ֺǺǵЦţҲû˵ֻǿ齵ıӰ谵ķ֮Уܣһ˵ܡ
**
һȣһ廪ѧˣٰ˨⣬ǰ˨һѡ˲Զлĵط
󣬶˲ŰĵؽУδ뻹δѾɽˮ֮䣬οǽ겻顣
廪ѹüͣ˵ǴʦһƪʦѾˡ
β٣廪꿸һŽٸһ·κ˹ĺ廪˵䣬ĺ±ףֳƪƪˡƪƪġ
ǸƮҩé®һϮīɫӰԺæµ˴Ժӻˡ
һϵ褣һԵٵĺ硣
褵ɫѾ࣬ҲѾûвŰɫıֻһɫ˺ۡŤͷĺ磬Ȼֻ۾ϴģ֮С
ûм߽һңĺͣˣ廪Ŵ˹ȥ
ļ́ۿ˿廪걳ŵģòţܿһ٣ôҪ٣
ĺѹסңһۣ˼α㼤ҪμѹסĪֲܡ
ĺ˺ֻ΢΢廪ѱŵĽٷѲ򿪺ĺٿվǰ꽣٣
ĺķӦ˲ĿɹҩҲ̲ס˹Ȼ˵һ䣺ǵôʦҲǵңľûҵģ
٣ⲻû´һ
廪˵ֻ꣬һû˵ĺʱѾǰָٵÿһȡã
͵ģ͵ʲô蹫ġ
ĺգֻЦЦϢˣʼҵĶҲ͵ˡ
ǴʦҲҪ
ʲôҵģ
ĺ˽٣ã˿褵ˣֻǻܳȣڴϢһʱɡ
ĺ˵æ˵˾лл廪ʵǴʦǲҪȥаˣ
廪˵󣬲⿴ʧɫȻоʲôԼһץס
ˣʦŸң˵СӳҲǺȵذһȥܹܡ
ĺ⣬Ŀڽϣ廪ǸûȥˣȻʦаøˡ
һֱ褵ȷһҲָ֮󣬲ųװ
ˣ֮ǰ͹Ǹˣж㣬ʲô
˵Ȥ飬ɹɵĲҩⲽǽ置ĹƵĻɢûйƶǰаǸʴǵĶͷһЩɢɼǳױ
置һ򶼲⴫ԭ˵Ĺϵһ򲻺ãЩطܻ䵽ԭ
δһ䣬ͷ˵öԣûйƳ鼮ɹо޷ġ
Ī˶ˣ
廪
ǰһ䱻𣬵ʱܶ˶ģǹطʱ򱻵ȡġ
˵廪Ժϸ˰ΪͬŮ±Ρ
ȥʰ֪
廪ܿ˴㣬Ͼˣܾܿڽҵˡ
Բںҳʲôӣںε
ĺԴȱȱĽپͻˡʱʱҲû̫ͷα褻ȥ䣬Ժܿʣ廪ˡ
ʦ㣬ʦû𣿡
ȻĻɢⶫҹ
廪Ц˼䣬鲻廪꼸ɵҩ
ڣη£ǵĿĵ˿ڣۣϿɻ۵ĵط
̫ˣаҽҽܺãаٹҲչ˵úܺá
ЦЦε˵ͷ˵ЩԼ£ذԼѰһȥľսģ˵ʣǶϻõ˿㣿
ûеġ
һϻöʵ̫ˣǸѪѡ
ʦ㣬㲻ٸʦ̸̸ô
̸ˣ褣Ҳ֪ʦҲ̸ֹһΣʦӹִûҵġ
û˵ֻ̾˿಻ʦôԭȻϣعںãɴʦʲôҶֵ֧ġ
лл㣬褡
ɫҲѾˣ廪һͬ˹ȣǰɽ
뿪ǰ廪껹˵ʱһаһˣϾҪֹݵС뿪ıӰ黹ûס٩һ䣺ǸвסӣҲ֪Ͽô̵ġ
ҹĺᵯ˼½٣ǳ⣬ãõһʱűá

ĺѹѹң褣ֻ԰׵ЦЦȻĺ繰Ҿ
֪аٹＴ뿪лллаٹչˡ
Ѿ˵ллˡ
ĺֱ褣ΪˣɫŲ԰ףһģ
һᡭһֱһֱǵаٹġ
˵󣬳ĺЦЦתȥĺת뿪Źϣͷ磬һ˲䣬־ûЩĪ⡣
ܾյķЩþ
˶ָ⣬˼֪Ϊεŵž͵
պòҩ鿴վĺˣĺ緿ŵϣ̧ͷֱƵ£׹䵽ǡ
һţһġ
һԷ磬Ҷ̼ƶ޷˵ĳ
̾һ̧ۿʫν˼£ҲЩ˼
ҹ㾲һ
л˵

컹иŶ


27 
ɽλϰ, СӣʮӣԲ, ũΪʮǰΪɽ˸״Ԫ࣬ɽơ
·£ɽ˲ɽš䲻ǷٵĴǣЩС̶ֳҲѷɫ̼ģŴӸѹζƷ
Ʋлһλةʯ, ӵ룬ֻҪ֣ܿ
˵, λ֮ʱԼеļҲƶûչ, ֮ȵ۸Ĺ, ڴΪλȥ֣ˮƵĵط˵̰ӣѧãչ˺öƶĴӡ
ϧʮʱ򲡹, ҲӴʧȥһλࡣ
λ࡭Ҳա
廪վʯǰʯѾĥʴһЩۼ, ̾ʯڴ, Ҳ֪ж˼ǵ֮¡
廪ʮ, ȷû, ֻ֪ڻʵۻӹ鳼ǸǽᵳӪ˽ѹեգֱɺޡ
߰ɡ
Ҳûж˵ֻǼʯϳ˺һЩ̦һЩɬѶĹ³棬ȴܹ
һ·ϣ廪ȥɽׯ£ֻ֪ׯ԰һأׯ԰лڣѰ˼ǽȥġ
ɽׯôصģڽҲδ˵
廪˿ͽζû뵽СķҲȥ
ձȥݷÿɡ
ãʲôԾҾܡ
գЦŵͷ뵽ղ廪СִãȥһȦвлǽģЩɰʵ㲻ÿһ򶼸ҽнлҲǷǵҪԡ
ҡ
ο廪İɫǮ̾˿ֲ֪˭Ǯˡ
㰮
Ҳؾԡ
ûؿ廪һۣȻֵʵио
廪ϻ⣺~
һ·ˣôûо
廪ƮջڽȲˣӦǶϻõˣǱȽϽһֱûж֣˹ֻǳ
ɰ׻ҵϣҪڵġ
д
廪ץסӣס˶ֵĳ嶯ǴʱݾߣͲ֪һҪ˻˭ˡ
ģƲǣƲԣǱӰա
ЩҲǳ˴ǮϻòŻ᲻ϧһе׷ɱԼ
ģǿѪô
꣬˾ͻ˷䣬廪ؽǽ˷ܡֻǹһϣϻöûжڶ¥ʱҲˣ廪ʮɻ
ȥɽׯ·ϣ廪̲סʣΪ˲ˣ
ˣѾȷǵ٣ǲˡ
˼ǣҪɱʱ
廪꿴˿ΧȥΧЩ˳ȴоκɱ⡣̧ͷ˿գ£ۣҲ˿˿ˮζղһŵĺӡ
ҪЩɽ꣬ɽ·С
ε
á
廪ǰʹһֽɡԷʪһֻҪ˳ɽׯܱܿⳡꡣ
ɽׯ˹Ǹǳеˣָɽ󣬱һٳССԵϼ˻ѼӣڷδȼĻѣһȼѵĳ
Զɼ»վţ˱㲽Ƚ˹
书ء
˳øߣƤڣ׳˶ˣǾˡ
ˣȤ
λ˴˽˵ؽ磬ȥ
һ˿˿ڣĿ棬廪εʱĿбӵģһ𲻶ɽĴ
Һ񡭡㣿
廪ܾκòЩϤЩ춼ȥҴҵģһʱ벻
λȥ
* ٴοڣֻڵ֮ϣ廪״ȴһ̤ǰЦһ㣬Ƣɲá
üͷһ壬Ҫεȴ廪һֱֱ̧ȥ˺˼ʱۡ
ѽȺú˵
˼书˶һۣû廪ص˵ͷŹֻݷðݷˣŶˣûһиҵĹѡ
ɽׯУȥͨһ
廪һŵתСȥֻһԭ廪СⲽȻĲѣʵɽׯѾںܾˣ
û˵վڵʿһĿбӡ
Ȥ
廪ԼԴܾǺϤ벻
һңղȥͨڴ˸ңҼˣϷɱ
ɪ
ҶЦݣŲɿ죬Ⲣʵһطⷢȵ⡣
ûб
·˴ڲڡ
廪겻źۼŻѣҲû𴩣˵ͷͬ廪˵Ļ
ڵģҴΪɽׯЧˣ
˵廪ƤЦⲻЦصҲǺ¡
Һ޲ð¶ǣȻ˵ĵطׯѾ˵ǿԽǽȥ˵
á
Ӧ£Ÿһͬȥʱƺһֱɽׯڣһ·ϸ˵ɽׯ£ǰѻݲ޼÷⾫µĻͷֻèٱǸԵׯ
ͦλɽׯׯģе֪λׯֹԣԶհ˻رĺãûκμӡ
ôһ˵廪ξ͸Ӻˣˡˣʲôأ
Сһ·лڰأκ廪߹ʱǵĿⶼ䵽ϣһ־ش
߹Сͷһ̫ɽׯɫǽϻ˼͸߽ɫĴһңдˡ֣ʷȴ㣬ΪìܣȴּΪ鷨
廪ͻȻ飬ɵͷƤ飺٣Ҽǵ˭ˡ
ͷһֱǵˣֵǵȷ
գҲɻˡʱѾŶ˽ȥԺһɵĲһ̴ζΪ⾲׵˼ʫ黭⡣
Ժӣ˻ƽСǸȥʯ·δһ̦ٿΧһɫǽ°׵÷ϸһŵĻŵܵζ
ԺǳĻȣ֪ͨδԺǰǽӴ˵Ĵ㶼ǴӴйġ
̤˽ȥ˵ׯˣ
ʱڵ΢΢̧ۣ廪¶һȤζЦݣּˣ
Ҿ֪㡣
³լſڣ蹫һװſڵǷŵˡ
Եβȱʣ
蹫˵һ롯ƣ廪Ҳη壬ʲô֮񣬴ֵؾ蹫һͬҲ
˵ʣǽСλ񣿡
һлͣһкöݴʵߣòòôͻأͣ١
ǰ֪ݣֿ֪
δ˵꣬廪ֱ㱻סĪҪʧԡ
廪겻ס죬蹫͵ЦϻۣĪԶ
廪㶣Ȼ׽˷蹫˼٣Ȼ˵ҳԶ
ˡ
蹫һ˵
л˵




28 
ڴ֮, 廪ϳǶ裬ҲԼǰĶʦ֡
ֻǵѬ¯Ʈ̴ζײɢ㣬ǶԲо֮, ϲʲô衣
ܼµݻȴݻȥײΣ±˿һ
ӱͷ˿࣬廪ﲻһ䡣
ԶԶգܱЩĺá
廪겻ʾؿ˷蹫һۣ㶣۽ǶЦ⣺벻ϹҲ
㡣
廪һ, ¸ԼԴʵ˭
廪ꡢΡ蹫
蹫һЦֻǰ˰, ֻǴ
ҽ֪΢˭֪΢֪΢
ʸ֪΢˵, ε˵ͷǸ֡
Ϊʸ, ʸ֪΢ûа˵Ҳǲø֪ݣȻҲûв𴩡ʼҵĹǲ⹫ֵģʷ֮µĺۼҪôǳƺţҪôǹԷҵ, Ҳ֪蹫
ǲ˵Ҫׯô
ղ·, 廪߸, ǳҪ̽ø, Ҫλׯȷϡԭʶ, ҲܣҲʡһֻ˵ԼҲ岻ϻˡ
Ҫң
ʸ֪΢µ˲裬λҵĻڵģĪʦﲻɣ
֪΢֪˻ɱ֮£
֪ġ
ʸ֪΢üЦλң
ֵûɡ
廪˵ҲܾԼʸ֪΢Ҳϣȸֹݻϡ
ңҪֵ鷳
ʸ֪΢ָ豭ǷŵǰǳǳᣬһڣλҴطˡ
廪ζһۣҲûȥ븵˵ˡǶ֪ʸ֪΢˸֮߰ˣǲм˵ѣ˵ҪֵҲ˵ùȥ
ϾֻѾ˵Ұġ
廪κ󣬸һص˴ʸ֪΢֣Ȳ衣
˿ſڣʵׯйڣ
㣬ͬպѡ
ܾûʸ֪΢˵￴벻ףҲˣЩ
㷽˵λߵĽнɪ
ԡ
һһεòȻƲòܾ۾
ɪǣҲµλˡ
ʲô֣
ž廪δԼ˵Լֻ֣˵Լ壬ڻʸ֪΢ǰܾԼкö֪ĻȻ
Сꡣ
**
뿪ɽׯ߳Сñ꣬ڵϣȻԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼһĴꡣ
廪ֽɡӿ֮£ɡЩŲסˡ
ɽ·УߵҲ󣬼ѥӶʪ̱մ쳾ζһ·Ҳû죬ֻãҵط꣬տͲôˡ
Ĳôá
˳ɡվУһɡش䣬һһڵӰУǲ££ܡ
ͣסŲǰͬɡˣһڰ޳޳ϲΥͣһſΪɽгһֻ˾ǵ
ᣬҲɭУһգۣữɢȥ
޳ʹ
˵˵ݣ廪һȻðЩȴΪţΪ˷ܡ
ȼɱּˣϻûǺܿġ
廪ŤŤӣƺ׼ˣԵȴЦЦɳ˴Ǯˡ
޳ʹǰĿ廪ϣ㾿Ǻˣ
ûúø𣿡
޳ʹգҲֻЦЦһŵʫվһ̽̽ĺá
䣬޳ʹϵɡٿȻĩͻηУŶ˹ȥ
廪ҲϵֽɡӭսһԵαҪϰ벽񽣵ĺѾ޳ʹϵɡ
ʪ˱˴˵ֻ廪ƺӰ죬һ̣ץס
ͬʱȥ޳ʹҸ񵲣˼˹ķΧ
ĽɵİԵ㡭
޳ʹüͷʹа۽
벻ϾȻʶá
廪Ц޳ʹȴ̾˿´ɡ㣬ֻܸˡ
ιû꣬ι
޳ʹתͷߣ廪жвסһ˱ʧڷһƬ֮С
ϻõĽаҲߵôɴɣ
廪첽ȥɡʱѾɡ³δаǰڽе¼ô
δʦ˵Щ֪µһǽ
˵廪ס죬ԼϾξ彭ԼҲһ㡣
޷ĽȷȲʦ
֪
ҿĽ
Ц廪Ķͷɵ˲ɣ
ʦ£Ҳֻ˵ʱ°¥¥˵һЩ£˵ʦУǿνһη
廪ֲ˲Լʪ͸˿մԼϣȻʵʦʲô춯֮£
а٣ʱаٲǸĺӣĶŹаǰЩ˶ɱˣǵļ˶ûܻ
廪굹ǲ⣬ʦƢ硪
УÿЩȥˣʪ͸ˡ
ţá
εǵؿһ廪꣬ȻӿŲ廪һͬȥ˽ų̿죬ܿͻصСˮϴסһͬԡͰ֮С
ˡ
Ϊˮݹ廪жݣ¶һαЩţɼ˼ˮһŵŲӰ
廪ְһ£ϻع
СıȾ˷纮
λЩǣֵһȥЩҩɡ
ʦҲչ˹֪ץʲôҩѾ˴㡣ȴЦЦӴ˹̧֮ʱ廪ѾεϣСʱʦȾ纮ᱧң㡭ҪҪң
廪ſ˫ۣ׵ڻƵһůѩ͸θоͷʼ߳ˮˮָ˶δͷеν
Ҫˡ
廪ίͰ͵ģҪ˫ۣ̾һȻ廪ϱȥӵ뻳С廪Ҳ£˫ۣαڻУǶû˵һֻ̺˵
ͨͨǼ¶Ҳеᡣ
ΪξԸң
廪͵͵ģͷεļͷϣɢĶ㡣
ҵġ
Щƣͷ廪ļϣƵģ͸ƣ롣
˵ǣǱǰɡ
գҲ͵͵ЦЦ΢΢̧񾱣촽ɨ廪ͷϸļһƲסĽӲ
ÿһ
С񡣡
ν˽廪ĻһƷһƮߡ
ڡܴˡ


29 
ʦ, ʦѾѽɵ쳾ѧ
۵Ůվѩһص, һСľӭµİѩǸɫ۵Ůˡ
ڶİѩУһʵ˿ſֵϢ
ŮԼĪ꣬µ϶ЦݣߵԺǰһ˫鶯Ĵ۾ڴؿ򱳹վǰŮˡ
̧ͷŮ, ӭŮ˱ȷѩЦ˲佩ߣСС, һµĺӡ
Ůվ֮£ϲմȾһ˿ѩ, Ҳ㸲ӰȥϵĹʡ
ʦ, ǲˣ
µصͷԼֻɫЬӣЬһССķϿڣǵ˵ģʱϵģ
ºֶ˶, ȴַ£ֻ㡭á
㲻á
ħ, ħ䡣
δ˯оѹ, ͷ߳˿˿亹, ǰǰѩ, Ǹƻ谵Ŀջ䣬Ҳǲա
ˣ
廪˸磬¥СһЩϲŻñ㿴Ӳ˲ȻȻ۾ʲôһ
š
̧Ĩȥ亹ϴһСڵİӺͼˡԵ嵭򵥳һٺ󣬱˽ȥ
Ҫȥźأ
廪һ֧ԴƺܿյӣоϻҲˣȤ˺ܶˡ
ȥɽׯɡ
˵廪ٿֱӣʵҪȥ޻
š
ζ˶٣ֵɽׯѹ˸ƷֵĻԻи˽⡣
һʱأ
ᣬҾһġ
УǾ̰ɣ
**
ɽׯɽԶ֮ǰɽׯҲڽϺ绽ׯǸˣһǣǸɺӵ
ׯΪɱ˱ӣٲ뽭֮£ֲֻݵˡ
ɽׯ֮󣬾þɽУѾʵҲûĿҵ
ȻںգսɽѰȥδѰɽׯټЩɥֵĴ֮УԵЩãȻ廪סεģû£಻ʱ䣬һͷȥ
š
βųĵ¶ȣ廪꿿ʱܸоȺзûôĹ¶ӵˡ
䣬ǰȻ̧ͷȥӵȺӿŻŵӿ廪ʶֻǰֻЦЦް
ǰȺɢȥ˲ſǰʲôһһŮһǸСС߹ͻһŵ۵ˡ
ɵ
廪һҪȴνסСߴù
֮ˣҾ
廪ѰģŹ֮ˣƣû᲻Ź
ʱСѾһɵӣŭ޳֮ͽֻϹ
Сŭݣٴι˹ȥȴ۽һĨɫƮ廪ǰһƻͽְ˴ĳˡ
㣬Ұ㣬նҪ˳𣡡
廪һ䣬Ȼɣ˵㱻廪Ʒ׷˹
Ҳʶ㣡
˱ʮֳСڿţһбŵ廪ꡣ
㵱ȻʶңʶңͰѰɱˣ
廪˵ߣ֪ںƣǶȻҲĹЦ̾˿Сȴʱ˹Ŀģƿʲô
βȻرȥ廪꣬ʱ廪ѾɵӴڵأһǷֽͽŽ
˵Ⱥоһа֡
ɵӵڵϲҽţСҲǰ廪ŭ㲻ֹҰ㣬Իףо޲磡
廪˵÷߿СҲͣ˽Ųֻ֮ԹԼò͡תͷΣߣʡ
ңӣһŹģ
ɵڵϣ۵÷Ľ˵źݻȴ˿ûв廪ǹһ˿Ц⡣廪һȻģָɵӣѧɣǶҪ۸ȥ
ӿȺ˹֣׷׶ڵϵɵָָ㡣ڴʱκһСģ廪ϻͷȥһӭ͵Ϯˡ
廪һЦֻ֮һЩ͵ϮĹ𣿡
ǺˣȻɵӣ
һͷٵˣΪһƾܰ廪ǵͷԼ˼ò
ʱϵɵӷ׷װǼҪʹιȥĵӷΪ׵ָۿ廪ꡣ
廪һȻ˴˵ǵϻɱֽͷ֮ˣ˼֣ȥɳһõЦ⡣
ѽС۸˾ˣϵĻҪ۸ˣɶֻɫô
ʱСǰȥǰǳ۸λİȣ³ҲԹˡ
СΪ廪ͷȺеβЦЦʦĳȴױƭ
Сʦֶ书ߣ·аţ֮ˣ˵ĻҲɾš
ຣ˵廪Ц̵ԭһ˻᲻˵ǿǷ֮ˣǵӵɽ֮Ͽӵֱ𴩣аˣ
ຣôһ˵ɫǺ죬ŭëѾͷſڴƻƣ㲻ã

廪ҪȴСߵ廪ǰǰȷɵſڴƻȣ½֪˵ò
˵ΣСߵŭȻʢȲ廪ɵĶԹƱҪΪָġ
Χ˿ʼָָ㣬ຣһŭҪ˵ʲôȴ廪꿪ڣ˵ϻõ˻׷ɱϿӣµίУ
˵
ຣָڷ廪ȴЦŵûк˵֪Ͽһ֣ͻгʱ~~~޴棿
˻һС߽˽еĳŭʣǰ¿ģ
~ôܻϣҲǰʡ
廪˵ƮƮشһϤȻѹԼɤˡ
廪գͷΣһ¾һʵ㾦īɫ㿴ȴ˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
С
廪ߵεߣŷסԼĺֻһˡ
λǲͬаɡ
οСߣຣȴЦߣ
Ȱ㻹ǵһԼʵ˵仰
廪Ťͷຣŷɱ⣬ЦĪҪֶӡ
ຣüͷô˶ſǲִһ򣬲ͬ澡ʧô
ຣ廪Ҫ֣ȴ󣬲ȻǰִҪ򣬱ɽĳ㡣
Լò񽣵ݸ廪꣬ŤͷСߣʵɷ轣һã
Ȼԣ
С߰ѽݸΣ漴īɫĳŽƮҲƷУҪǧС
廪γֽʣԼĽУСʹĽ
ſ޾ɱ⡣
廪Ȼëֱֻһ֮ȥͷ
εǸʹľš


30 
ӿ, Χ۵İշ׷׺˺ü±Ϣ
ຣҲԾغһﰵŽкʱ֣
һ߲޲, һȴ־Ӳɶһʱ֮ѣ䶼߳亹ʱһһ̣㳯ຣȥ
廪ҲΪ𾪣ֻȥԼԭʹȻԼңͶϻõĹȲЩơ߽֮, Υ͸УȴԼԭó
廪꿴Ũӵڶ, ܿຣҲǼȤ¡ʱСѾ˹ʵǺźɣ
书·, СʵڿεĽųʹ޵Щ, ּһЩԵ͵ĽУʵ޷ж
廪꣬һְŵĸֻƷֻὣֺа, С߱Ǹӿˡ
˸֣Ϊ֮ǰһֱδǵĴţ
, С߹ʵ̫ˡ
廪ǺЦúÿžС
Сû˵, Ŀתĵطʱ, βһ, ܹຣĽУһ˲гǰһӣصشຣؽϣֻѵһຣĳѾ֡
֡
廪ĻһֲСߵĶУб˼ƽϡ
ຣסԼ˼ɫǺ죬˳֮˫շȣԼĽϳȺ
δʱѳݻظСߣллĽ
С߽ӻأ˼ʣ֪λ﷼
ɪ
˵廪Ц˵ҽлꡣ
Сգ㶣ЦλÿĹлᣬҪλֽһ
֮ﻹͻɡ
˵꣬׼廪뿪С߽һĽŲʶͣ
ʦ㣡
εĽŲ˶٣ּʲô¶ûһ
ʱСƶ˼׷ȥаŶȻ֣֪㣬ʦ㡣
ͣ½ŲͷСߣֻС˫죬Ǳ۸˵ĺһ褣˽СߣƽСһ˭۸Ȼûùӳԣһίͺ׿ޡ
СߣȥȸѰ褡
μҲסˣ廪֣廪֪˼˵ңٵ뿪ˡ
СҪ׷κṦʵڱȲ廪ֻ꣬ãȻվڴϣ뿪ķ
廪Ṧã̱Ѿ˳ǣϢһ¡䣬֮ʼոŵһξ룬ɾξץӷεĽ
廪һתεϣ˵ϳģ
ͬͬסһͬϳʵѡ
û廪ֻ֣Լ֧š
ҵͬΪѰңίΣգҡ
λδ˵廪ס֣ӭմķ磬һʲôҶ֧ġ
ʦдš
á
ΪٹŴԼʦֽҲԼģ廪겻ױͬѰҵʲôо
廪ղҲС߷ۿεʦǺܵĺܾİɡ
ӳӱʵʶٶεֻص˳ڣԵǰڿջСߡ
ڿջڣСȻçײҲ÷أûϽΡʦ㡯
κ廪Ҫһ䣬ԸС˱īڰǰһһдǾּʱջűˡ
εδͣ廪ȥţؼСߡ
С߳廪ͷлʵҿɷȥ
ɡ
* С߷˽ڰǰд֮ˣ԰е˵ʦ㣬ˣ
廪ʦطĻ棬ܾЩŤҪȳȥҪԼߣƤ
ģûС
΢΢̧֣ñʼմֽϣȻ̧ͷСߣǸɫѾ£¶һ޵ЦȰҪסͻ
Сˣۿֺ˺죬ʵʦ㣬Ϊβ֣Ϊβȥ
С˫ֳڰϣУԼһֱ벻ͨͳͳҪһ顣
Сߡ
ֻػһСߣǰܻԼʱôؽԼԼỺԲˬҲһ
ŽʦҲȥԭΪһҪȥ졣
СգĿֽδɵϣȴһֶȥ˼Щңʲô£ܰæô
ȥѰ褣ٰŴȥʦ𣬽̫ƽ߶Ϊ
仹СּӣƢܻܿΪЩ֪Ŀꡣ
ɴʦ㡭
С߲س廪һۣ˵ң֮ղžѾϳ˭ˡ
ֻСû뵽ԼҴʦͬС
С߹ôңôҲһ·ɫˮõʦϵˡ
廪˿ڲ裬ɴ۾װ޹Цģôôס
һ·Ӧģ㲻صģһᱣԼлᣬһԻʦ
˵ߴϣסգ֯Ըѧɱˣؽҡ
廪ʱּһ죺ЩĿĲ£º׵С
廪ȻԼҲ֮ˣʵǿʱġ
γʹﵱʱΪҪҴʦߣ
⣬ʱһʱ鼱󣬱ʦ㿴ݣʶذ˴ˡ
廪Ҳ֪ʱԼôˣͰ°ˣֵĽˡ
廪ְѵʱ˵һ飬Сһڰϣɵӣ˶ϻһ£ȷ֮Ҫʦָ
Ī嶯
̾˿û֤ݣ˵ٶҲͽȻ
СգǺԼ˱裬غ£ҪԽϢڵŭ
ʦ㣬񽭺Щ˶˵Ĳǣ̣ǲֹ࣬ɱ㣬̵ã
仰˵ûҪҽҵʦʦ㣬ֱɱȥɣſɺã
廪˵²Ҳ˵ЦǷ̣δֻǶģ֪ġ
аѧտҶоѧҪȥɣɼ㲻ţҲᱻŪԪˣʮ궼
аٹˣǿ϶͵ˡ
Сɫһ廪ЦɫףһΪǶɱˡ
ôᣬЩ޹ġ
Сܸо廪Цеа书·еĺȻ֮ˡ
նݲ紵㶮
ˡ
ֹ廪˵ȥĪҪ˵ǲôġ
廪ƲƲ죬ּСʣǵˣ
ȻǣҿɲЩװֵֹġ
廪Цģǰ㣬ЦҿǱǸĶˡ
л˵

ۺ٣أ


31 
С뿪, ǰСģֵ͵ĪҪͻ, ҪҪ褣ȥ
ʦ㣬ǵɿ
һʼС߶ԵʵǺ֮ǣֻ°Σɴ˲֮ԩȻνӴ廪˲ҲЩ֮˲
ʱһŮ, ·ڵ֪ǵû˺֮󣬷ûôųˡ
ֻ, ˵Ҫ֮ʱСߵĻǾҵزһ, һʱֲа, ܾôû⣬־Ļɳ֮¡
ˣаСЦⶼŲа
ܺãġ
ιصһȵɵķ, ǵϵ⣬Oʵķ
ǻᵣԼ, ҲԼȥһԼδòˡ
л谵ǡ
, ʦ, Ҳᰲȫʦء
, һСġ
ĿС뿪λص˷ڣʱ廪ָȻԼղʹĽУˣ˷ܵʲôʱѧģǼ߷ơ
èˣŻǸຣУĸ֣㲻ʹˡ
ץס廪֣Ȼ£ղ
ĸоסһһ
廪ͷһ΢΢ŤͷΣϢϣһ˲ʹģ΢΢һ̧εϡ
㶣ȴûתͷȥ廪꣬ΪһתͷȵĴͻ
㡭å
εĶ佥죬ͻܱԤıǸ١
׻
廪곯ȥȴЦһǡ֪ߡ
ǻôһϲ
廪ЦЦȻŸղν̵ıȻһ£̵ģֻǻǵõġ
ô˵ֻǻཻһ¡
ǫ顣
廪΢΢һЦŵֻǿһαѧ߷ƣ϶ĵشԼ
ûЦЦ⣬ãȴǰ·УżŭɣǻС뿪
ǵЩ˻ع򲻹ǣѰС߳
ģĪǵЩɵĵӶС߶֣
廪˼͸ģ⽭Ȼŵ⽭еȷѪ꣬ӲɣǻС鷳
ţ
˵Ѿ⵽ߣ¥µ˳һݣҪֹǡ
٣һΪľôŹЩˡ
ǲ֦ҵǲǣ񡭡ЩҲС֪
һԵ񽣣ЩԥһԵ廪˵ĪҪ¶ˣȥһǡ
أ֮£Ѿ̫ˡ
һڻؾȴе񽣣ת뿪˷䡣廪ȻǸȥ뿪˿ջܿڴɵˣЩ˹ȻС뿪ķȥ
һ·β棬ֱ뿪˳ŹⱩ¶ԼǼûõɵӲŷθ١
λɫҴңЧ͵ĵط
˵䣬ڵϼһԼĪ߳Ĵ֦ƣɶȴôơ
Ǽ֪Ƕ֣ʲôҲشҪӴܡе֦ɳ׼شһӵϥǹؽϣ漴ͨڵϣϻȴô
ɿɻ˾֮ʿ
һʧôɴ򽻵ÿζܸоΪ˸߸ɵӵ̬ȡЦǣÿӢۻϣɶ飬һһεرɲڽ£ΪЦ
Ůλֲһ죡
Ů
Ǹĳƺ
ûĿʾˣ֮ͬе廪ֶλŮ֮ƺҲ֮С
Щаûʸָָ㣡
ʵڲöǱϣġ
һκȻһԭһ˵ǿһ˵ĳȥжġ
ԭ
˵꣬廪͵ЦһֻһԵرҫۣһüɹСħŮ
ûȤ̿ǵоһİ취
һֵס廪ȥ·㲻س֡
ǰһ֮¿ɫŵĺ촽ȴ
Щ£ǲֵ̫ġ
˵꣬΢΢£һɨɳֱֱЩˡɵĵӴֲȥʱѾˣɳӱɨ۾ֻܺҵڵϴ˼Ҳûվ
ϸһղһŻھɳӴϱǱѪѪǹ񺿵ӣ廪ǴϹˡ
벻㻹ͦݵġ
廪һθܵβֺݾһǶԸǸ֪ô·ɽ
һһֻ첲һ
²Ƕҡ
˵ξͶסˣɵĵӣЩŲȥǰʲôµɱ
˶һţֻ漴εڵأҲ徻ˡ
㵫ȷղ㹻ȥˡ
廪˵󣬱ת뿪漴ȥǲϾɱǻȥ֮Ȼҧһڡ
õŵɳʯ
廪գһʱҭЦ˳벻Ҳͦ
ǶǺöԶƶˡ
廪ʵ̫ȤˣСǰǸȻĴʦ㣬ȴʹˣڰ׽ģԡ
ǵģֺڰ׽ģÿΣ̫廪ˡ
ʱҪϣ⣬䡣ѡˣܺڰ־˲ࡣܶ˻ΪǱһױһףܸͬʦõĳɳʽ
ǿڰȴǽӴڰ
ͷилԡ
廪ЩҲˣһ£Ǳʳȥһ
㡭
λδ䣬㿴廪ϵŵղŲͬǮЦǱϳˣҪץٸȥġ
һ͵Ǯ˶ǲԸٸʲôģҪ׷ҲץסҲС
ûЦЦĬһ˼һŵҺʦŴ˺ö鷳
ͰƸҿҿɲ鷳
ɣԼľ
οЦȻ־廪еɵֺαΪԼЩأ
һģ廪ͷ㻹氡
ţ
ɵĴֺαذζϣ
գЦȻģֻ˵뿪ʦԼѡ񡣡
ȥ֣ԼһСС֮СҪ֪ʦϲԼԭǱҳġ
ʵţǼˣô鶼ˣĪǻкҩԲɣ
廪ЦȻֵ鲻ãҵи취
ʲô
ܲȥɽɣ
ҴȾơ
л˵

ɽŵңΪҪǡ


32 
ҹ, ԴǱ룬ƻǳ¹⡣ϸȥԭǲ¹, ¥ŵˣһյҵĵƻ
ջڵżյƻϵļˣǽлζҪ紵ʮĵط
˾µĲȣϻݷһСĹǿջϰصļ廪ĥӲ, ջϰ徻Ըġ
廪һƣɱܿɫľƣ漴, һվڹĸо
ô
ºһֱڵӺȾƣǾúȾƻ¡Ҳôõ, ΪΪ˾ƾͻʧȥ˼, ʧȥ˼һΣյ£ôΪġ
~ΪǾǶſƣСüɣ㲻ȡˡ
廪ɱݸ, ־һڲ̫ѺȣӦ, , 
νӹ, 廪ҲԼһ, Ȼٱһڣ漴ɫһȻܺúȣҲҷϰôá
νŽɵؾ𱭣˼һǳһڣɫ
Ȼ廪˵ڵζģ⻹˹ζɵŨľ㡣
廪εɫЦúȰɣҲƭġ
廪֪ϲζΪγԵóԵĽлʱҲ֡
ţúȡ
ǵһƣû뵽ζҲû˵Ŀɬ֮С
ȱˣոȾȡ
á
ҲȰлѾãʳǰȻҲٵȴ
˺һ廪̧ۿΣЦʵһõһϢ
ʲôϢ
κ棬廪˫ڰ׷翴°һ˲Щ㲻ջĿԼǸϡ
ˣÿ廪궼ѼԼ
ǿջϰǰɽׯȡãЩżҲȥɽׯһЩƣ֪ȥɽׯ·
ǣǿɷջϰΪǴ·
ɽׯϢؽ˽ӣ˫۲Ծط졣廪Ŀɨּæرȥɫװһжرķƽ˾
廪겢û˵ƣֻЩ֪ۡһô¶ʱ¶ҲΪΪʱӦǷġ
˵ʵҲֻ˲䷴ӦһϢ䣬˱Ϳˡ
ǿԵģѾմȥɽׯߡ
ϲô
Ѿָһ侲ģеļ廪иС
Уأɽׯɽвµ壬ȥãɽ·һЩ
á
ֻӦ£鲻극ԼԼ˺ЩƺȣҲ̬
Ȼڶ˶ʰϴɫαڴϳ廪ճյЦ
廪֪ô£εĴ̾˿Цô࣬ǲȰĺ
ҲֻЦ֪ûȥ
廪꿴ǰգһ侲صе¶һ棬һ˫޵ʱǶ̬һܰ˵Ļ깴һ
֮ǰŮ˱ǻѵˡ
֪˭
ѵã廪סе붺ŪŪ
ҡҡλε̧֣ʳָ廪ָָЦţС񡣡
廪걻Цˣץס֣һΡ־ƾ壬ζã̲סȶ࣬ʱ̬ϻֶк󾢣Ȱαõܺӡ
С⽭Ҫҵòˡ
廪ЦҲЦ˾ôţЦ⣬ڻ谵֮ĥʱ⡣
ڴ˿̣谵磬Ҳͣʱ䣬˵һܹ꣬廪Ҳǻŵġ
ΪΡΪʦǲϲأ
ǵЦֻǿջЦĺۼ˾ƣ֮಻¶˿Ĵܹʲô˺ֻҪ¶ٲһ
Ϊλʦϲ㣿
廪֪̽˵ĹǲԵģǧѷĻᣬ֪ε׾ʲô˼ô࣬ô࣬ǵĹһˡ
δʱ¶һ˿ƣ̬ϵƣջ۳еƣ
ǶҺϸ񡭡
εĿ⿪ʼԶԶһģ£һȴܸоʹ⡣
˺öģɵúܺãΪͲԸЦһЦҲһҡ
˵˵ţ۵߳ˮ۽ǵһĨѪɫű˴˿ڡ
䣬ѩҵĽŶˣΪǲҡ
廪գһ죬ȥαסӵһűȵ塣
ΪǸ˻ĻʹһûУһ˿ôͣ۵ףҲѶǸ
ʲôûñ˶ãΪ˵ҲãΪһң
εţΪõһӵܵõ꣬ƺͲҪһӵˡ
ѧѩγԼĽţԼȡůȥζ
廪εֱĿֱضΣ۽ǴһĨЦ⣺ϲ㰡Ρ
ٿصɴ۾廪ֿǺڰ׷µļ֤֤˵Ļġ
С񡭡
θоԼۿʼȣԼϵѩڻ
ϲʲô
׷ԼĽŲΪԼòΪԼ书׷ŻԼ
廪ԼϲԼЩʲôأ
֪Щ˰һϲ۶ϲ
廪ЦЦȻ˽ε֣ܸоָϼ룬˲䴥ָĹһ
һ㲻ϲأ
ҾͲټˣͲϲˡ
廪˵ؿһۣ͵͵˵һ䣺Ҳ
ţ
ϲġ
һҹһΣμСʱԼѩ轣ȴһ˿ٵԼ߰Լ
ȥ
ʡ
˼İ

**
ζļģղһĻ棬Լֻǵúůյķ磬һҹ⡣
ֻͷһԼɵˣҹ⣿
磬廪˿ջϰһӣɽӸλˣջϰҲһ·дǱˮȸһԹԶûС
ɽ󣬿ջϰ˺üСǲ۵СֻǱӲݵס·ŻȻΪɽׯѰ
һʱң߹ƵСڿһɽеլӣɫĴϺȻдšɽׯĸ֡
⻹ڷ˼Ļ˵֡
ɽׯֻׯһλˣϲλĪҪ֡
˵꣬ջϰŵߵɫǰɫűһͷһ죬ŪЩʲôһζ
ʱһĽŲڴ˰ѴŴ򿪣һصĴ
٣˵书ҲɽׯͦȤġ
廪롣
л˵



33 
ɽׯԺ˺һЩӦĻ, ŵտŵ, һƬѤɫ
˱ǣׯ԰ĿﶼŻζ˾ͺڻͷһ˲кӦĻԺﻹкü걻Χ滨ݣв֣ȴ޵ܹһ۴ӻ￴ǡ
廪껹ʣ뵽ǴǸʿ, Ҳˡ
ͷиŮڵһЩɹɵĻ꣬Ѹɻŵ, ٵһЩˮżĻԴƮ
Ůӳòʮֳ, Ƥ, ۣЦʱ۾һţףñһ
ϰջ˿
Ů£Ա˼ţɽׯ, ׯҺˣ鳤λＸ, ǲ, ϧá
ϧʮ, ȴŮ˳ζ, ´󷽵壬һǽеõġ
ϧ㣬ׯ԰ΧΧĶʲô
廪Ҳ⣬Լ֮¡ϧҲԼıһ廪ĺġ
ϧƷһƷоĻ裬˵Ѫ֮ЧϧϸĵؼۣζɬĻ賢ûôڡ
׺һ˵еĿġ
˴Ҫϧ޻֮¡
Ŷ޻Ȥ˵
ϧϸĵԴȻʮȤ
ʲô˻Ѻɫϣ
ϧɫָ£ɫԢⲻԤ֪Ͱһֻо֮˲Ż뵽ֱΪ֮ϡ
һ̬֮ˣΪλ뵽Ҫȥ
ϧ벻ף廪ϴһ仰˱ݣ
ܴܣϾӦûʲô˻Լ¥Ϻɫ޻˵ŵĻǲ顣
ϧ廪˵Щģʣɫ޿ɻԢ⣿
ɫ޻أȻо綾ģ˵֮ҲԢű
ϧ˵ָεһƣ˵ڴ˵ǴĮĻԭ֪һ㶼࣬ĮȥѰѰҵˡ
ϧϻۣ֪δѰ˲Ѱָ·
ãˣллϧ㡣
վϧҾȴϱϧֹﲻˣɽׯ£Щ˰ɣ
ô˻òȥǱضǺϤ˻֮ˣ˿ɳ˷ȥѰ
ϧֵһ䣬Űݱϧǰ廪껹̲סϧϰڹɲȻĽɫ
ϧϧֻ˵ǼҴڹҲգ廪Ҳֻʧ뿪ˡ
δȥĮ廪ȻҲ֪Ĵ㡣ֻǴȥĮҪµʱ䣬СսϣĮǱ߾ڣȻǱΣصġ
˼һ󣬻ǾǰȥϾ鶼鵽һˣܲܰ;ϡ
˱ǰΪ˸·廪껹һƥΣһ·ϻĮ飬֪֪ˡ
£籾ĵͻȻ漴죬ܲ
׻廪δСܽ˿ջ廪껹̲ס˼䣬̫Ǵ£Ҫʪһѡ
һ仰û˵廪Ȼеؿ˿ջǳֻ˵Ǹһ˫˫۾ǿ
涼ˡ
廪Ȼãð·ƺҲǲġ
߰ɡ
θսջŵһζټЩֵȫ꣬㲻
С
뿪˿ջҪȥʱȴһͣ̽ͷǸҡ
ĺɣλô
Ҿϲ廪˲Ͳµͷ˭ֻǸʸ֪΢һ飬ܱȸЩһĺá
·ϧջˡ
廪껹¶񣬸һ⣬õʸ֪΢ͬ󣬱öǵʸ֪΢ڰ׻õĴլꡣ
ò˵ʸ֪΢֪նʲÿطõլӡ
լ֮ǰʸ֪΢㳯ŶЦЦ* Ե
Ӹʸ֪΢ɡƴ󣬻ʸ֪΢ôĿֵЩȥ׼ЩȾƺͳԵġ
Ͼˣ廪Ҳûж໰ŽլӡΪլӲסװҲʮּ򵥣ԺҲûжĶֻһùڷƮҡĴ
廪ůһЩͷ˻𣬴ǻʸ֪΢ġ
λִȥʲôط
ʸ֪΢˵ĳѥȾ˲࣬Ǹ˺ܳ·ܺ׼Щʲô
Į
ȿڣ̧ժ¶ң¶űɫڵסգ֪΢ԴĮ˽٣
ɪﵹʶˣ˽ĻĲ١
ʸ֪΢Ȼ˵ҲӵȴӺܿ׼Ȳ裬Ҷ󣬻ʸ֪΢ŵĮǺΣյģλȥĻ˹Źأ治ٿһ£
ȥҪҪ죬лл֪΢ġ
ˣʸ֪΢ҲȰ˵Įľơ廪ǰ·ߣؾأж˵Ĳɧţż˻̽صʵνΣء
ΪصһЩ֮ͽҲ׼˻ᷢսƣ᷷˿ڣŮӣᱻƷһȥ
ˣ廪ŭصⶼʲôƨ
һػʸ֪΢ۣѵ͢Ͳܹܣ
ƺԳ͢ʮεӡ
ʸ֪΢Цֵ͢ɹȥյģϧһ͹ȥֵʱ򶼲֪ȥ˶٣ȻǾȲ˵ġ
ȻΪλةΪܼҲ᣿
ʸ֪΢˿Ȳ裬廪һͻȻúЦô򵥣Щ֮ҪȥҪʱġ
֪΢˵
βǲصĲҿֻǲڷأ಻ڳ֮ϣٻʱȥ߿õġ
ĮҲһֱôңڵʱٻסЩҪС֮
廪һʵħͷĿô
ǣνжĥЩСǸλ˵ġ
ʸ֪΢˵ʱɫҲһЩڴĮԶҲԶһɶ΢ƽ⡣
սԶ߽⣬˱޼ɵȥɧ߾ˡ
δһ㣬ǰֻº˵βкͬÿÿ˵𶼺֮ǣö֮Ҳûʲôӡ
ʵ֤ǶģǾǷǺڼ׵ġ
ȤˣΪаѪ½ħҪԼս
廪겻ΪԼʦ벻ôǳԵĵɱ޹أΪηҪˮɣ
Լսġ
ҡҲаѪ½ħ״Ӧ
һԼս㸰Լ֮ˣ
ҾͲö֪ˣҲ֪
ʸ֪΢Ц֪պ˵һ˵
ԣŲ˵
ɡ
һţЦЦٻʸ֪΢˶죬Ǿһʱ򣬻ʸ֪΢ŻԵøӻһЩ
֪΢˵ã
л˵



34 
֪΢, ˵ã
ʸ֪΢µصҲѯû, ΪǿĹ壬޷ġ
Ĺ壬ĪǱǴ˵̫
廪˵̫ǻԼʦǵٹ˵ʱɫÿҲ³Թ
ǵ, ҲǵԶԭ򡣡
˵ԶΪʲô, ΪǾ
ҵĲ²⣬Ȼ, ˰, ܻͼķȥ
ʸ֪΢˵εüͷһ˫ѹסҪ˵Ļ
ջʲôû˵Ǹʸ֪΢Ҿлϯ
뿪, ʵׯΪνɪղŵɫô
˭֪أ
ʸ֪΢û˵ʲô, ֻЦ˿ڲ, סҵβָ, ʵϲ, ߻Ὺô
ʸ֪΢̧׿ңȻЦеıС
ׯҲδסңֻҾׯд֮ˣʱţʱɵߣׯ಻ӡ
˵Ҳǡ
ʸ֪΢ɿңȥһĨ⣺ǲס㡣
óϷԸ˳ǲĺֶΡ
**
գ廪θʸ֪΢л󣬱ִҴҸ·ˡʱʶˣܽʡöʱ䣬Ѿ֪ʵˡ
ҲδҪȥ¥̽һ̽ϢֻϧǸ··϶ûа¥ķֲ·̫Զֻա
һ·ϣεɫǳģ廪ãڻ̲ס˳ڣǷ蹫˵ʲôòĵģüͷûչ
ˣ㶣Ȼ̧Լü䣬ʵԣ
˻㹲жʱգܿ
廪һǵؿΣʵʲô£
蹫˵вΪ̫ҡҲΪʦ¡
廪һ˲Ȼο˲֪ΪΣģ˵ᣬǱ㲻ᡣ
廪ҲûȤ֪ºΪΣֻοĻô˳Ļ˵ȥǡ
š
ʱβ¶һĨЦݣƲڿһ˿⡣
һº󣬶ڵִ˷أʸ֪΢ԣ򣬲ڻоפأЩ֮ͽҲĿŵ¡
֮󣬿˼˿ڷİӣɱ˺üоɺ޵Ķˣܿ͵õ˷аյİؽҲȥֻͣؾϽˣǲ볯̫͢Ĺϸ
ӣҲûţһֱ찵ãֻսĥǶ飬ض᲻Ȥ˵һ꺱Ļˡ
֮˵֪޻ֻҲ֪ĮôһжĻĨڱϣı㲻֪ˡ
ת˼·תѰԶܻŵĵӡ󣬻ǴϢ˵ǽһסһӣꡣ
֮ǰЩʱ˸͵ԵģսƵѷҲû˸ͳԵˣ֪ûš
Ϣ˸æȥصĽӲݴ̣͸һɻζֺֻ̼Ը̤˵أҲݴ˴Ӳͨˡ
ǰ·Ӳݣ廪ҪǰȴͷͻȻһ˶һ
Ҫ㣡
˵ٿذθߣƵòӣ˶Ǽ˵Ĺ
ʮ㣬Ӧˡ
廪Լؿڣƽһ飬Ȼⲻסһ
廪˵٩ֻЦͬʱҲֻҪһһôл֪ʲô
һζҲ˵Ҳ˻éޣ廪ǲ̤һġ
ͷһˣⲽżᷢһЩֽУȻɤӵԶ࣡ЩҪ
ź꣬ת㿴廪Σ˿ģÿ٣ͷңֳ˺ӣ廪Ͽϲı飺ˣӭ
񳪴Ϸһſ˫ּ֣ڶ˸ǰ˻ߵصҪΪЩɱӣԶԶ
˵˾Ǵ
廪겻غһ˳˵Ļ˵ȥ˭ô󵨣Զ
Ҳ֪ǲǱӰˣ廪˵ҲԾشЩһԵЩѵһԼ˵ҲҪЩô
ǺˣǣǶ
廪꣺
һõϢûУ廪˷Է˼䣬ײʲô
ʱο˿ڣأ
ôûͷԵһ䣬ŵڵϣСˣӲʹ
ʱβһﰵȻиӡ
ȥˣ
Ҳû˵
ΪҪߣ
ΪΪˣ˰
һޣǿ޵øˣ廪궼Ŀȥ
ɻǵҵ֣
֣Զûʲôû
ֳɤ˻һʼΣǸѾʣȻرܣҲʲʲôˡ
뿪ȥ·ϸһ¸ղʣҪԶһλҿʮܵġ
Ǵû˵ģƾճֵһһ
ʦû˵Ҳû˵
δ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷȼߵϦٺϦϣһɲǣԶȼյĳ
Ī˺գ
񡣡
̾˿廪һûһ˵Żһͬص˷С
գնЩʳȥѰеˣ֪˽ͯɡֻϧͯʼշģ˵ʲôõϢڻ첻ˣεʮߴ޻ʱͯ˻Ӧ
ɫģϡ
ʱǰһǲǺɫ޻
лɫģϣ岻ã
ʱֹͯǰŵûб㣡
ңҽʲô֣
ǲã
ˣص̾˿֪ͯһ״̬ʲôʲˡ
֮󣬶ûȥͯɣֻսǲܶԭȥ
ջ񻹲֪ԶииӣϻкɫĻˡ
һ·ϣأʱһʢüĳɢ
ٰ֪һһΪĻƻᣬαסҪջߵ廪꣺ϣȥƻᣬȥǾɣ
ǰ֮Լ࣬öҹ䷳ԼҲһ˵
ɣǾ»ޣǡ
ǾȥǾ
廪һ·˫пǳ
ǲв˵
л˵



35 
ƽǰ괫ͳ, һںϷŻƣƽҸڵľһ԰ǰһλɮԲڴ, ΪһÿÿȥĤҸ
⴫Ժܿʹ֯һֻҪƽڵʱµȥµգʿɻһЩƷ
廪ζԽƷûȤҲֻ廪ȥһЩף
ҹ, ڹ˸ɫĻƣеڴϵģǰ, ÿ˶һڴϣȥ, ѵͷҵƻ
κ廪겢, Ⱥд඼źÿĻƣ߹˶մõĹ⡣̧ͷԼͷһյյƣҲ֪˶೤ʱȥãЩǳһҫǵͷϡ
廪а, ̣ﲻҫŹ, ȥ̽, һ
ʱ, ο廪ֻذ׵, Ҫ̧Լָʲôʱץס֣ǡһߣ
廪©˰ģԶǸӻƺȻòˣΪ۵׵ĹâռԼеߡ
ʱˣ
ˣƤҪ֣ȴ廪Ԥеһץס޿ӡ
~ҲӲˡ
廪ץסε֣ЦЦȥӱ߿
á
Ҷںӱ߷ŻƣڻдԼԸû沨񻰹̫ˣܾú֮ˮһֱӣǸɾסĵطֻǴδ˼ɾʵǵԸ
廪βЩ廪Ϊ˴մ֣յƣдˡճɾԸ
ںӱߣһ֮廪ʣΪΡ
֮ȻŨŨʼոһɴֽȥƣʮ޵İ
ιϵ廪ǸҲǸ̹ϵһεֺ͹ǣҲǱԼŪʱĲ֪롣
Ψûλ
֪ĵģҡ
θоԼ÷ɿ죬һβμӢۻʱδ˽Ź
Ҳδ

廪ǣε֣Ӵ˹ȥҩζռϵ㣬Ϊһ塣
δһˡ
εƽֻ߳ĺǳ廪ܵˣһʱԼĺ߳˺˷ˡ
ʵɽɽһΣҵһμ㡣
οһƮĻƣĵƹѺһĲ⡣
һμ㣬һֻһ⣬ҲΪˡ
һ֮£ƮȻ䣬һĨɵķ磬ᴵļ䡣
廪갲ţȴʼû뵽ΣܾĪĿϧ
룬ˣɣһúܿİɣ
һڰԼĻ˵̹һЩԭɵġ
٣ԭĽѾð
廪ֵӡ
㡭
Ҫѣ˽סԼģԼҲûȻˡ
ԡϲֶһЩô
廪ʵлеĲ⣬ǳʤǳ
룬öҹԼǰУ۵һȥ˯ţȴԹԡܵһʱԼҲŷԼġ
Ϊ˵ԼĲǶҲΪԼĺʡ
ΪҪôã
ԼģʲôδΪҲӦΪҪϲԼ
ϱԼõǧǧֵô
ô
þͶãôΪʲô
廪ЦЦ̫ˣԼĸоǡ
廪ôһˣܶʱ򣬶һˣĳ£ȫƾо
ֻЦ廪ĲͬԼҲ˼кΪף
ߣȥ
ε
ţ
廪סΣȻδһǣ㻹ûشҵ⡣
ţ
ڶҵϲǲֶһЩˣ
գЦȥӦ廪һǳǣأ
Ҿû
廪ЦЦδһһɬֲǡ
Ľ˵İԶ˳׵ĺӱߣɺˮдһܡ
ô
Էֿ˵ʱˮᣬסϵĺΣ̴ٵϢȻĽš
һӶǲġ
廪˵ںԼҲЩȣû뵽˵һӡ֡ǰһ̫һҪ߱£Ѱбʱ˿־һ̫̣˴һܾǲġ
̫̰ˡ
ɵϡ
ֻЦȻˣȥ
á
ǣŵһֱûзſһ·߹ĺӱߣֵȺׯϵľ֮¡
ǰɮţҪȥʱһɮľǰλʩ˴ֻŸޡ
廪Ҫ˵ȴελʦΪΪҶ˲ǰ£
Ǻһ࣬εĻɫ˱䣬ʱƿԡ
˵ƽȣƽȣлŮҪô
һʱ֮Ҳ֪λӦǷľʩ롣
ллʦ
ȥ廪ЦŶ
ô
ǣȻǣ
廪겻ϲƫƫЩ˾ǴеһҶۣ̤ȥˣ²ˡ
ʮ㣬ÿһ㶼ССķĤݣֻķɽӴҶҪȥĤݵĶ
ڶһԶŮκ廪궼ֻ֣Ƕ˲ǣһׯϵķȥ
˳СɼǷɵλССһѣǴȺĳƴʦ
Ǹħһ˵ĳƴʦ
š
ȺÿһоԵˣλƴʦһֽħܵУ˵ҲҪ֡
δ룬ڴ˴Բˡ
γŽ˫ֺʮ΢΢ϹϾ⡣廪ҲԹ˫ֺʮ΢΢Ϲ벻ʦڴԲź󣬾ϡ
ЦЦԵա
˲ΰ뿪˾ڴϳԳԺȺȣһŻȥջ
θ£廪Ҵаһ˰ɡ
ôͻȻ
µĶͣס廪֮ʱЦЦǶأʦ֪ǻҪô
á
κܿӦˣû뵽Լ˴γ˽ǣлȥаʶһ
ʦҲ֪ôȥ¥һ
á
ЦЦлл㡣
Ϳˣǲ~ô
εĶ˺죬廪һۣȴҲûϡջ齣廪ѡ˿һţºʵΪδ˵е£
ϵɣ𣬻ܵ˺
ߵüﲻԭؽ磬ϢȻûôͨ
˵Ҳǡ
ǵģа֮ȥ
ʱ˵ա
л˵

ǰŶ


36 
аǺе, һλպеһСպлʳ˵㣬о綾֮, ͨǲҿġ
֮ô֣Ϊٹŵһ״ʣӢ۳ĺϣһջ׹ǡ
˼ģһ˵ӢΪ֮˸Ϳأ˵պҲֻл׹ǵķݡ
һ˫أٹžǰ
һʼ˲аһֱа, Ҫսһٹŵа۽ϧٹŵ涼ûţιеʳ֮㡣
պһٹŵһ㴫, ؾûˣаҲ徻
廪ص, ˸ֵҰ, Ҳʱмļʲôõˡ
ǣԷ
廪ѼܿоӿһƬԾʳһСˮ
һС, ͷдšߡ֣廪˵С, ٹԴġǶиԵĴ, ձд, ٹûС۵, Ҫа̤ѩ޺۵ṦǺ
дšߡСۣдš塯Сͣںߣаľֻ廪ˡ
廪ֵι㣬ǴΧŽűЩϺɫĲݺͲԶðͷãܸоаĿ¡
һջ׹ǣ仰ǲ١
Īֵʦ˵ˣаһǻҪΣյĵطӢ۶Щݵϡ
廪ڿֵιˣߵǰ߰ɡ
廪סε֣һβǱŷִ󣬶̽ů֮Уסĵ
á
θ廪ĽŲܿ˶ݶСۡ廪⿪˩סС۵˫ֳסһƣС۱Ʈ˺УȻػһ֪ķ
պ룬ʵһŨŨڿͷĺУһĪĸо־ţڵΡ
ΧһУŵС廪ȴɵغСԴϰΪ
巽֪аλںδ
Χɵģϻһʪ⣬θоΧֻҪסԼȥЩ˵Ĳʡ
˿Īоһ⡣
߹ˣȻ֪
廪˵꣬Ȼʲôϵʦµ񡣡
ԭˡ
һΪԼʲôԭаµ
û뵽ٹŶŶݼ׶С
ȥоȻöˣҲֻʣ廪ĵˡ
Ȼ廪ͣ˺˻ˮһЩʲôˣκʣôˣ
Ϊ۾ɵӣȻЩ㡣
廪ʵ˵Լ뷨·Щ֪ˣǿ򶨵صСå
⻹Ͽʵġ
СҲḡ
ҲΪϿʱԿԼ
廪˵ʱβҲò࣬΢΢һСӣعסϿӵġ
ˣĪҪ˵ˡ
˵ȥܾСåĻԼʱص㣬ƺϡ
θоʲô忪һŻԼȻһȵԼĴߣᣬþ棬ļⷢ
һůݼţ廪ڽʲôһ㣬ֿʼغ
̧ԼĴﻹ廪µĺۼϢȻ̵ӡļ䣬һζ˼ૡ
ܿ죬С۳ϡ£̧ۿȥ½أһׯ԰߰ڷһľӣǰиˣƺڻЩʲô
С۵廪СۣذС˨Ȼųδ˰֡
ǣ廪ϰǸûпֻ˴аСʦĵԽԽˡ
Ҳ˵ʦأ
ʦֺˣʦʹʦѵء
ʱ̧ͷΣһú
аŶĿ⣬ֻҪһۣܽһ뻭ŻʦеĻͷīδɣҫ£ŮӳСжеıΡ
㣬񡣡
΢΢һ̧ٿؾУֻһӣзɳ׼طΡ
ܹо֮磬Ǽ
Ҳ壬ֽסɾжȥ˷* ĸϢȻЩۣȴһû
ʱȡȣ򿪣Լţ׾ϴЦ⣬ȴʲôû˵
廪ģûֹɶٻЩͷôʦѵ㡣
㻹𱨣ҿŴʦ㣬ΪΪ
ҲŲܣߡ
廪ׯ԰ȥֻںԴ̾Ϣ
ׯ԰ܴʱдšаһ֣͸˴˴˵ӡźһͥԺ໨ݣЩϵãǺЩݣӦаĽ
ׯ԰֣廪˵ģٹסе˶ֲڶĸԺӣΪׯ԰ܴס֮Զụš
Ϊ廪СĺСʱչ廪סĺҲԺӡ
ׯ԰ǵٹ˱Ӯģ˵ǰ˼ܴкöԺӣҲס˺öˡׯ԰䵽ٹ֮Ϊ˲࣬ԺܶԺӶǿŵģŵԺҲ˻ȥɨر㿪ʼưˡ
廪ȥееĸԺӣһƽٹڿεĵط廪ҲΪط
ٹŽߵʹѵĻ仹ĿƬ̲רģᱻٹźݺݽѵ
Ժӣһٹŵ޷һûסһٹŵ鷿
ǰϣ廪ĺ˵ٹźĺڽѵ棬һ㶼ĺ˵ٹڿҪʱᶯ֡
˴ˣʦҴˣԺҲˡ
ȵĿΪʦʮһ𡣡
ģٹһ仰ĺ֪ٹſɲôˡ
ߵǰ龰ģڵϣһһŭݵĺ磬ٹ̬欵ڹϣ²ؼȴ¹ؼ
ʱ˷׷׿⣬һۿٹţö񣺡ȴ񲻿ϧ
Ȼ̧˸ѻˣһô
ٹŵĿ䵽κ廪꽻յϣȻáѡ֣Ƿ񲻹Ͻ
廪ҪڣȴһΣаǰ
δʱʾ廪ɿ֣ųٹҾܵ
Ŷ~
ٹءŶһԭλϿӣҲЩ¡
ٹſȥʮ࣬£һľɾ̧䶼ܲͲߡ
ֹݵĿθ͸ٹš
Ŀʾô
ٹᣬ֧ŴһͷԴǧ˿ôб¡
ʧˡ
ժߣ¶ʮ֮ʱٹŵüë
Ҳζ
һθоơ
Լ
л˵



37 
аֻʣº, ĺתͷٹţƺѯΪβ˵
ǽյĺٹջ񣺡Ͽ¶֡
ֻǶ̶һ仰, ȴЩ̣Ƶʲô϶һⲻԼҪĿ϶
ʦʦզ˵˵
廪ǰһһؿٹţٹȴһۣ롣
廪һʱҭԼ֮û˵仰
Ͽ, ܲǻΪʦô򵥶԰ɣ
ٹ˵䣬ȴ廪תƵεϣֿʼ˼
ʵ, һǼѪ½ħֹݣлǴ㡣
һֹݡ, Ǳ˲峺, Ʋ˺ϵ¶ǲ㲨⡣
ԭٹ۵йʱ򣬾ҫ۶Ŀ
ʲô
¶ּС
ǧɣ֪²֪
ٹһ, ̾˿Ȼֻ, ȥ˲ɼֻ˰֣ͽȥ֡
ʦ, ͽ֪Ҫȥʦ, õƤ
, ŷ뷽ŵòƣĪ˫̥
ƤƤգˡ
ٹְ˰֣ʾĺϽ˴ߡĺֻǺݺݵصһۣԹԸĺˡ
ĺ綼뿪ٹŵૣǸô궼û䡭
ʦǵΪҪֿ
廪ʲô˵ˣԼʦǰػأЩ𾪣ǲϰôֱֱദʽ
ʲô£ôʲô
ٹۣʱָֻ̬һĨ޵Ц⣺ȹܹԼ¡
ٹŵĿ⻺䵽ϣʲô˼Զ
ҲЩ˼ЩȣֵЩӳչˡ
գٹֻ˵֣ˡ
£εˣ廪һɵɵЦ˵ʲôʱȴٹŴϣȥҪϿ̸
ң
廪òţװʦȻҪԼ
ԣ
ٹҲӣ廪겻Υ棬ֻĲ鲻Ը뿪ٹž¹ţԶ͵
װһ˾нվţһذţ࿴˼ϢٹŲſڣ˵£ڶǹģ԰ɣ
ǵģǰ
ٹָָ˵
ſٹűȽϽֻٹŹһңܾЩš
׼ٹŵƢ
˵ɡ
ٹʱȴҲǻûйͷؿڹϣ̧ۿΡ
ǰ֪Զһλ
ٹŴʱü΢΢ǰ㣬Ҫεӣﶼ֪̽ġ
Ӽ֪ˣֻʣһˡ
ΪΣ
֪˵ģɱˣãɱ
һʱĬȻ˼ϢʣλϿкɫ޻Ĵࣿ
С
ٹ˵׷ѰյڡҪҿɴˡ
㳤׷Ѱ֮±
˻һԭأɵôģһʱ֮侹һ仰˵ˡ
ԼԶŮ
ң
Ŷ~
һٹЦԭİȥĪҵֻʬףȴĺӡ
㣬ǰǰҡף
Щͷ۲ֱˣͨͨ÷ɿ죬кʲôˣֺʲôȻ
ˣöҰ山ɽҰ֮У˱дǡ࡯֡
𣿡
δӷһĹѰ׵ļ䣬Ȼƴճ׵ģ
ţ֮࣬ǰһ֣лʸࡣ
һһ㶵ģһ˲ٹԼЦɻʸǹգô¿Цûкô
ʲô֪Ҳǣ񽭺֪ˣǸҲ֪ˡ
ٹԹԵ˵Ƕβ԰׵ɫӶֻóȥοˣοˣȥưס
ϻʵ۱һصãǾǻʸ࣬ûŮΪ۵ϻʵۼȴҲûķȨջʸĻ䣬ΪְֻȨȥգΪ񡣡
ΰţʼջңǳٰĲٹ˵ʲô
ʸӥ׽νĹҲȥգ׽һͬȥˡ
ȻѰˣԶߴĮԶӥԷǴĮĻ֮񣬶򳹵˳ǵߣֻ¶Ļš
ٹֻۣڻζǶȺ𣬰ٻŵʱ
䣬ΪЩõĻʼ˿ʼѣ֣֮֡
ʱԶһλſΪ˷ޣһӣȴ¶ݺɷҲ֮֡
ӥ˳䣬˺̵ܶķȥɱЩʿ
ٹ̾˿ֵҵһμ࣬ӥаңҾࡣ
ϧĶѾ̫סĺͱסˡ
أ
ν߬ȭͷüͷţŵܣõʱ䲻ȴ쫷ƾذһжûһƬ
Ϊס˺ӣѹסڵĶأôܹԼĺӼꡣ
ٹſΣֵʱ˵ʱ壬꣬üǲ
Ҽǲˣ˳֮ʲôǲˡ

ٹɻس֣βԵ˹ȥٹŰ׵ò̬εָ֮ϡ
ЩţȴҶκٹŲŵȻ൱ǰϵ̫ȫɸ㣬һʱȥӦν
ȻǸŮӣһ㶼뵽ˣڻλϵǸ϶Ҳǿиɡ
̫
סԼĵЩ⣬û뵽ǱԼǰԵϢȻ̫
˻֪̽Ϣϵһġ
ССڹǰ;޿
ٹż򵥵˵һȴЩֵ̿غһֵǰˡ
ˣʵѾ˵ˣˡ
ٹ̧ͷ޾׵俴˫̲סᱻȥ
ߣͼ£
ǰǡ
ĪҶģǵĺ˵ͬ£ʵΡ
ǰ˵öԣͼ
γٹҾһʼͼϵܣͼܸԼΪԼڻڣ֮»˳Щ˵ˣ
Ȥأ
ٹź촽΢ƺЩֱ׵˵ʽ
ڡͼ֮ĺĺ
л˵



38 
γʱ, 廪ȻԹԵվԺվţű͵
ٹӰ죬廪ᰮ, γһЦݣ첽ζȥ
ʦûΪɣ
ȻûС
֮üĿô
ţѾ֪ˡ
üĿѾ֪ˣѾףԼ֪ģӵˡ
һ㡣
廪֪̽ģ, Ҳθڣŵ˱ЦøˣҴȥҵԺ, һʦͻˡ
廪ǣε߳ٹŵԺӣߵһ֮, һûһš
ԭʳа׼ô
ǰ, ʦķޣòóԣ˵ʱʦŰ꣬ѾѳĻ˹Ϊ˱
͵ЦЦ, û뵽аҲڳ粻ȥ
ʦ㲻ֹһ˵, ʦʱ, ˸ġ
˾˵˵ЦЦ, żԶһϸ΢Ľ, 廪ĽƱĥòᡣ
һ󺮲䲻֪ԸԼʲôֶΣöʽ⡣֮ǰұ֮ʱϻԹֶβ̣ǿ¡
ʲôƤǣģι֮ʹƤõķһ顣
˺ëֱ
һң廪ԺӡԺڱԺԺӣԺӵǽϵ϶кöѺۣЩǽۣЩǰ¡
ԺӶΪЩ˵䳡ˡ
廪ԺӸɾ࣬ʯ·ЩҶܿʱɨԺҲҡ
Žȥ޷֤Լ뷨еļҾ߶һȾȻ˴ɨġ
廪ذԼİӵϣȻ˸Ȼǻؼ
ֻǿЦȻȥϵĲʲôطȥյˮ
òãţȥ
˵꣬廪˲Ȼ㼱Ժȥ˱ıQQģﻹӣʱ
廪겻ֹ˲һʳСԭĺ˵Եķڳ廪Ⱦûˡ
˱߳Ա˵ղżٹŵ飬廪֪һк廪Ҳˡ
˼ǣǻ壬Ҳǻ壿
š
ȷΪǱص̫ǲܻģֻԶŻľ
ǡˣ㻹ǵǸ蹫Ҳ׷Ѱ׵ô
ǵãǶϵһˡ
ҲڻʱЩģֻǻʸ֪΢ѰԼףΪʲô
ǸصģҲ֪װʲôˮѰ׿϶ûʲô¡
廪ʸ֪΢һ޲ٴǹսٻغϡ
Ҿ㲻̫ϲ
ǲ̫ϲ˸ҵĸо̫ˡ
廪˵ЦЦ͵˵Ķȣôͱɱˣ
ߣܣܾӻˮ
գֻǿЦҡҡͷڻʼ֮ˡʸ֪΢ܹ뵱ة࿹⣬ȻֶΣ廪˵ӻˮĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳûġ
廪аһ֪ؾߵаԺǰɿڵϣɫҰ׵ģһ廪ž;úЦ˭͵ʦľƺȣá
ˣ´Ĳˡ
˵˵ö߶µģĿ⻹ϵسȥʱɹɵЫӺͶܴӼȡ£廪ˣûлصΪҰǻؼҵ·ˡ
˵ſվ廪ΣһˣȷϿ֮
аˡ
ﲻ˿ףǱǣǱ㲻ǣ׶˻ᷳ
廪νŵ֣Ȼ飬ԼŵĽңߵǰݸ㣬񡣡
⡭
°ɣʦģջȥ
ãлла
½ҺŵǱܶĽңţ඾ֺ
ʦƫģǰôΣ㶼ҡ
ڲɰٶ֮ôԵÿп෽Ϊˡ
廪Ժҹҹ˸⡭Ǻÿడ
ֻЦЦֵȥժЩǧ
һʹң
Ը
ȥȥˣ
廪Ҫߣȴ廪ֻԼˡ
алҪ˵
ţϿӴϻۡ
߽ԺȻ£Сʦദô죬зСʦ쳣֮
ޡ
꣬Щǣ
ʦǷģʱͳˣƴƴȻСѧΪ϶ֹˡ
˵һСӵ棬ŤͷЦ˵ҩ
ˣұ죬˰ɣ
οǵĻǾͦȤģȻʦ֣ƺֻжͶ
Ȼ룬Ҳ˵ʵȻöҩСʦõӵãĴ󣬻ᷴ
ʲô֮
ʡ
庮ʱ
һ·廪ƺûˮһֱΪ廪ֻǲصأԼδԭʵˡ
ϰ֮Ժ࣬ʼҲ˵׼ʲôͻ״
ԭˡ
εȥЩ廪δԼἰл˵廪ƺδ˵ԼСʱ¡
СʦóԹٿͷҲ˵Щ£֪࣬ɡ
á
ξԺȴ廪֮ʱ˵˺һЩ˵ĳֶʱ˵˽ҡ
˶ڽұһ񶼲֪ԭ˶ֻڲ²⣬׵ԭ򶼲˳˵СүСֲ˺
ʱβ֪ԭ廪СʱٹŴ棬ֻһʱ˴ߡ˷۵ŮҼ˰ͯϱĴ㡣
֪µٹŲȻŭ˾ȳ˽š
ҼʦӣŭҪġ
Сû¡
˵Ӫ廪Ĺ廪һ亹ǳһҲ֪廪ʲô˵ĶԴ
ҷЩ֮˲ͬ
ţ
ұţЩν֮˵һʱ䶨ȻָаĲǡ
Ҳ֮˶㲻ס
ֻЦЦʱ廪ѾˣǧݻҲǻζƬ̾ͻᱻԵһջͰ˴ˡ
廪ݶԺȥڻοһ俪ǳĻɡȴ˲۵Ĵ̣вᱻˡ
ʲô
黨
廪򵥵˵黨˵ǰиоȵĵطͷ黨˱ˣÿ˼ʹ̣ⶾ֮ԱЩ۵Ķϳݡ
Ѥ黨ҵİ飬ɽⶾȴǲ۵Ķϳݣͺݼŵ̻
źǻعƽꡣ
дź
л˵



39 
Ȼ, Ϊں룬öڴ𣬺һס
а
廪ƿ, ŴµҹĻ֮µޣ˿С
ͬһҹˮڹ⻬ʯ·ϣʯ·ķ϶ˮ
λɽﳣ꺮䣬, ֻѩ
ʵϲ꣬ʪģÿɽ, ܻ᲻á廪ͬʱ䣬ϲ, ΪǻѰֻǵĵطϢ
ÿһ, ܿø
ҡ
廪ڴǰҲûлͷֻĵ˵仰룬ջִӺ廪걧ţӵһܰ㡣
ǰô, ϶åȻ߿
廪ЦЦȻƤô, Ұ
β˵, 廪ϻ, ǲµʱԼ˵ʲôġ
ʦǰϹġ
廪ֿסθԼ, ˵ҵҲûô
ΰԴ廪ļϣϢ廪ĲϣϢ䶼ǵҩ㣺ǰҲҡ
ţ
׽
ΪΣ
Ϊ˾룬ںˣһʧȥͻܿ¡
СʱѩţºԼһůӵԼЦЦҪȥɣȴİããʹ̹ǵı䡣
ң̫ˡ
ʧȥҰ
廪ЦЦ䣬ȴůůģǺһȲ裬ů֫ٺ
µġ
ôʵҵЩϰˡ
廪˵ֽ꣬˽ĻҪ廪ൽԼһ
ҵĺãҿҲһĴҵˡ
ʱ廪궯˶εĻȻΣжɲϲŶ
ҶΪãҺΪҶã
һЦȻᵯһ廪ĶͷȻǣֻ˵ϲ㣬ҺˣҲϲңҺá
廪ûȥһĨЦݣ۾΢΢ģߵˡ
һ廪룬ϲǼϲԼˡ
ǰ˵ϲ̫̫ʣ˵ϲ־̫ˣܾ
廪ȥһ̣һе
ʪȵڱ˴˵Ĵ䣬꣬಻ڴʪµź˿
ζ廪۵׵һ˲䣬þǣȴǾܾǡ
ش
شĪ꣬ǲݣǷѴ˿̵ķ鶼ȥβ˿̵廪ֻ
廪Ƶڴϣְ̧Լϵжȥ¶٣һʱ֮䶼ˡ
þòˡ
Ͽ£ҵϿ¡
廪ȥ֮䣬⣬εڻ֮˴һɫСӡ
ʲô㱻廪ʮָסǱСӣҲԼĿףһе˲䣬Щµġ
ֱǱѩ֮С
һΣӭԼһůĻһȵǣԼߣһૣԼ֡
һ䡮ϲ㡯
һ٣νץס廪ııһɫĺۼдһλɬѶ
Ҳ벻
𣿡
ۡ
ۣԭѾˡ
꣬ͣЪ
廪§סΣץסڰʾЩʲôûѣող廪ģһ顣
ͣЪˣ
廪һʱץסһʱץסεıֲǴɰļţ˷ģ͵
Ҫ
ѧ̫ˣֱһ
ֹ궼ûˡ
ͣЪ廪꼴ۼҲסΣλܸо廪ССزš
ʱֿǱСӣȥ̽򿪱㿴Щ彻Ļ棬һԻдЩ˽͡
㶣Сӷ£廪⡣
˻
å
廪꣺
⡭˭˭Ƚå˭ȽϺã
廪겻ףҲûգ§סǻ巺ȵ´档
û˵Ϊλᷢ£ͺˮ䵽ʯ·ķ϶֮ϣ۵ԺӵһССϡ
ˮɡ
С񡣡
ţ
Щȡ
εЩɬ廪ȴ쳣ع񣬱ֻԷſΡ
廪Ȼ룬ʱ˵ǡҡ廪Ҳġ
ɫǻ裬֮¡
Ͽ~
廪εĶߣ̲ס廪֮ǰͷˣĶеúܡ
Ժһ˼Σ
š
Ӧ£Ǵʱ޷ܾҲ޷ܾܸ廪˼ģһʮȤ°ɣ
˼ġ
Ρ
**
а* 죬Ƣǹ֣ǵԼϲʱǲԱŵģͻڵһĺ籩һ١
󣬶׼뿪ǰȥһٹţ˳˵Լս顣
ǿ̫ӣǿ߶Ծȥ
ٹ˵ʣԶ㲻ô
˵ĻӦѾԶ˰ٺ˵ģ֪Ϊλᱻ㡣
ٹ˸ǷȻһԵؾһڣ°ɣһ㶼ǳڹ಻ˡ
ֻǿϧŮӾϢˡ
գֻǳٹҾֵллǰ
лʲôǶƤӵĹ򡣡
ٹ˰֣ʾ˸Ͻȥ廪α㲻ٶ
ɹպ뿪˺ߣδἰ£˵˳ڣʦҵԭ򡣡
ΪԶĺӡ
֪ºһֱδἰº廪һʼ׼뷨ģֱ˿εĲӱܡ
ԼҲӱݣ˵ڣҲ˵Լݣ
ԶҲǴ֮ͽʦ˵ģʩ֮Ҳпԭ
û˵ֻǿЦһ£ʦӲôΪ
廪Ҳû˵Ҳʹºס
û£ȥһ˰ɡ
á
廪ûΪʲôҲԶ׼
ȥҪһµ·̣ͣͣҲһºִ塣
һ壬廪꿴Ƭ븵ɻһ죬ô붼һκȤľ
山ȥ廪ζ·һЩӡҿӡǳ֮ˡ廪ζǰһЩ
ԶһªĹЩʲôɡվһԵģȻһɫȹĻʸ֪΢
ķأ
廪ѹҲüͷסҪȥ廪ꡣ
ĪҪͻ
׵ķء
Ҳ֪蹫Ŀģ֪ݣ֪ΪˣԲ³ç¡
廪գҧҧЩŭԣ׵ķء
΢ûнʲôֻǻͷ뿪廪ֻÿ첽׷ϡ
Ĳȥ
¿̽ͻ
Ͳ
廪ͷ˿ЩڵźܿǺ͸ʬǸڳˡ
ϲʸ֪΢ɣֶһ
С񡣡
δı棬ָøʲô飿
廪ĬȻ
Ϊһδı˳ͻǣ㣬ôǣ
л˵

̩¾硶꡷ʱտ3ȫŮ̫ˣٺ~


40 
δı档
ĸصػص廪Ķ, ֪˵òĵ״ֻЩġ
ˣ侲ÿ¡
ھԽԽԶ, 廪ջûȥֹʼվò
һ·Ĭػص壬ſ˿ڣȥʲôط
廪û˵αΪԼΪɺܿͿ˿ڣҪҪȥɿʱҪߣҲ˿ס㡣
ε书Ѳº󼰵ˡ
š
Ӧ£ǸûȥʱǶ, ûһ̻Ҳ֪ԭʲôƣǸص֯Щʲô
ûпס˵ĵط, ˺һ·ȥųǣ˳һеϢ
Ϣõĵط˰¥, Ȼǿջ廪귢Լ粻֮ļ, ˻׵˲Ϣ
ЩϢ£Ի۳Ϣ
һɽ֮ٿִᡣ
ٿִԭðɱˣ˴ҵĿֻš
, ûб롣
ЩϢĪûб, ⼸ܹ϶ɵĵλѾõòˡ
æ, ʶûбΪ, ɴҶǽ档
ֻЩϢ, йεģҲ˵°߻ףνǣȥȣ˵аΪ飬
ɳǶҥԣǿǽǵв٣ЩԱԽԽˡ
˵ѾǵĻģ˵ЦһжģԶﴫ˿дĵزˡ
ƺЩԻ֣Ҳȣ侲Ȳ裬廪ЩͲ𣿡
ʲô
㲻Ǹ˻㣿
廪֪Ȼһ֪ѿ͸ģ˻Ǻںġ
һҵİɡ
ԼĳѾºɵˣλԼ
ɳôã˿еĶ˲һǶˣҲһǺˡҶ˵ס׼֮ˣѪ½ħǲбɱڱ˵Ŀлһģ
ǰ廪Ǹӡ
廪Ϣ˵ε£Լȴڲᣬȴ֪
Щ˿УǸɱ޶Сħͷ
ֻЦЦֵ޷ֻҪ㻹վߡ
ҵȻһֱվߡ
ִºУֻҪҹ̣ǻǿԸִ֮ǰȥɽһˣμһº
ɽȥԼĪһ²ŵɽ
ԣɽ꺮䣬㲻ƮѩҲഩһЩůܼ
廪һ̧ͷǰ죬ޱ߼ʵ̨ף̾ĪɵĻã˿๦ġ
ɵں£̨Ѳʵ
û˵ֻ廪Ļ˵Լϱ£ܿ࣬Ҳǵġ

ΪһӶδ
ɻѾߵ˴һɽѲߵĵӶЩ
ʱ廪ҲȻʶ֮֮ϿһˣɽоҲеӶɽ˲Ŷԡ
ߣǿЩ
廪ɫ䣬Ṧȥ廪
˺ܿɽڣڿɵĵӣ䳡˽ʲôʮֽ
Ⱥվ˳ʵߺˣ
˻һ˷׷׳ԴƺŸվʲôһ
θΪ̧ժߣʵз£
󣬴ʦ㣿
㻺³漴־ؾʦ㣬Ϊͷ˶˵аΪ飬Ե˭
ɫһʵȸз£Ϊɻλң
£ԺԺһ
ڵŷߵǰʦ㣬͵Ϯɣʦˣǣǡ
˵ţ۵߳ˮץסֲڷ
ȥʦ𡣡
ε۾˲䷺죬ǿˮʦǰչִ
Ҫһͬǰȥʱ˳ʦ㣬Ƿϵ
Ҳ£ʱ䷢̫£Һһָ𣬻жŸɵĲͬһҩɾȵߡ
ѣºǱĺ¶δǶӰǶˡȻհǶˣºȴ
ϵɡ
֪ʱӦøϹȥº֪ǲʦǵĲֻø㡣
ڣĪ¡
˵꣬һͬȥ˺Ժ廪Ǳԭء
ЩʧûдԼԼһȺ˲εĿ⣬ȰԼңҲֲ
ٻܵġ
ôңֲ͵Ϯ˵Ķˡ
廪߾˫֣һ޹صҲվ˰ɣ
գҲû˵ʲôֻɶ廪꿴һ˿и
ʱѾº޷Ŵһ£һϢŮˣ˲ֽű䣬صյĶ֮С
ºɫҰףʱ̴٣ʱ΢ϲˣȻ⵽˼صˡ
ʱº࣬޽Ƕ׷
ʦ𡭡
ߣɫҰ׵ºʱۣκɫӵصˡ
˿ε͵ؾһ£ȴҴһ·Լֱߵֻ֡
ʦһģһ취ġ
δδҹڽ߶Ȼ֪һǰʲôģ
δԭʱľ޴־һˡֽڷ䷢ҪץסºȥԼĿ־壬ȴңºӲԼ
ûõġ
ºۼر۾ֵ褣ȳȥ
Ӧ£Ĩȥš
ζԹΪʦ
ֵ£ºʵֹһΣһдǰ;˵ȻǲԽܵġ
ʦ֪Ϊλ᲻ϲͽΪԶĺӣô
ʱºصɴ۾۵׻ŨɢĿ־塣
ʦҲѡҵĳ
Ҳ̲סᣬһ̶̵Ļ˵ɷǿĿߡ
һֱ
ºҰ׵˿˿ĺ죬۽ǵĺ죬ȴΪ־壬ΪΡ
ջۣڴ˿̰ѹ塣
ʦ֪֪ģС˵ķ첹ģֻСѥӣҶ֪
εžɫϣʹ಻
ζԲ𡣡
ºԷ۽£ҧŴʲôϢŵζΪʦֻһҪ󡣡
εһֲ֡ϵﷴ֡
֮λɡ
º˵󣬿˼ǿȳѪʺѪڲҰ׵ϣԵ쳣ۡ
º֣ãһᱣסɡ
º¶οЦݣʵ𣿡
ޡ
ԥģȴֵøࡣ
Ӧõġ
º򴽣ʵˣʲôҪΪʦ˵
ͽϲˡ
廪꣬񡣡
л˵

һ¾ѡ


41 
廪ƿϸ, ѾƮһˣδͣүҲΪǸ˿
, εһ˫ԼɽµԼȻûκϢֻ֪Ϊºɥ񣬸ŸɵĴ׷׸Ϲȥ
廪ЩסˣǰǸ飬·춼ˣǿҪģʮֵġ
Ϊģ廪Ҳ֪, ҲѾƻˣһ׶ûԹȥջԵ㷹
Ϊºɥ, ջвɵڴ⣬˵ŵȴεº, νѵͽ
, ȻԸŸɣһҪɡ
廪ŭӿҪ֣ȴԼš
˵ͬ, ¶Ҫúý͡
һ˺˿ڲһ˵žǱͽģǱʲôɱ
廪, סû֡Ǵʱ, ´ȥ, ǻθѿ
һЩǷǲ, ݲݰ˼ڷ뿪˿ջ
УЩ˶κҪȥ֪ͨΣС
֮ǰѾ½½вɽҲ֪ɽʲôùȥһˡ
գ廪ɽȥһƿԭɽʯףΪЩ֮ˣ֦
ƾԼңеɽȥ˺Щʱ䣬ȥĵһִĵطǺԺ
ˡ
Լϵ࣬ȻŵȥѰΡɴϵ˰׳һ׳ƮƮһ֮⡣
廪ҲЩ䣬·ĵӵĶԻУ֪ξںԺĴ֮Уºʬ
ѰȥǺԺ·䳡˶ƺ˶γ
廪ĵԼǳһҶȥ䳡һ̽Ҳ¶棬ֻҶڰӲ
׳һɫűʹϢ˶ۼ䳡Уǲ޴ϵߵĺڰɫɫʸ죬Ȼûⳡ
Ϊ׵ɵˣվ֮ǰζţʮš
廪ʱҲڿΣһİףɫĮĮһ˫˻ɫҲ鶯ɫʡ
ˡ
ΣаħΪ飬òף˭֪йϵ
˷Ȼ˵ֻǵɨϳɫۣȻһеʦ֮˵
ˣ޶֤Ҫ󿪹ʬŵΪʲô
˵Ȼɵһ飬½½˸飬һ۱ܿҪԼô
Ҫʦʬ
˳ҪȴֹˣһУʦ֮˵
ظһ飬ȸղŻҪ䣬һҪĻɽĪ˸о
廪ڰעΣ俴ı飬ȴܸо״̬ԡ
˵ʲôԣ廪ܾò
ΣĪҪΪɻȥˣζҪһʦһ
ûӦֻؿ˫͸ĺ˲кԼ׵ð
˵ʱʱ죬ʱø˼Ҳüͷʲô£
ԼĪʮһĿĿ棬ߴǿ׳һѾڽ
ְԼĻɸ˵һֻŭһΪˣ
ΪˣЩ˶ٻɲݣһһĶ˵аħ廪ǵĿĲ򵥡
ʦڣһôֻΪ˶ԸһСô򵥣
ĪǣĪǡҪɣ
ˣˣºֻһػɽţЩֻҪγȥɱǵ֮
ʱȥһ仰£
Щʵ̫ɶˡ
ԼҲ뵽£ο϶Ҳ뵽Ҫ˸֣
ǵؿΣɫĮĮֻվţЩ˵ӣ侲ù֡
ڴʱȻмͻȻѣ𽣾ҪȥΣ廪һжӶø죬ðǼ˵Ľȫ
㣡¶ˣ
ʱ廪͵εǰ˷׷׿ȥ˴󺰣ǵң
ǸַҼȷǵ񣡡
ŵҲ¡
ʱ˳ôҰֻǻδ˵꣬һĽ
廪һתȥһԼ۵ף֮ؿھҵʹƤⱻ˺ѿ
ΣüͷȴδԼһֻۣǵͷԼؿڵλãһɫĻʢԼؿڣʲô
ˣֹϵı˰
񡭡Σ
ûԼؿڣ廪ʹûڷƤⱻ˺̴걻ʿʹͣ
̧뿴ΣҪǲǱʲôҩˣţš
ʦǰжµվʦɥϣֽ˶У
λڶ̧ۿ廪ʱĿཻǰ޾ѷᡣ
һ£ֳʱѻȸͷµ˶ƿԣĿֱǱϡ
γеģôܡ
廪ЦԼһŵˣİΣ˴ɽȴʲô
ԭƾ֮ҡ
廪ǰһ񽣱û磬Ҫˣȴ˵Ŀлһʯһˡ
һжС
廪ܵͣģþ˺⣬Ҳþ˳ЦԼ
ΰ񽣳漴ڵϣڳ鴤ȴע⵽εҲڶ
ѽյٽҲֹסض
ĲԾϵϿӴ壬ǲٻ
˵עʱβԴһһһ¡
Ρ
廪̧ۿΣͨﶼǺ⣬߳Щ⡣
˵ʲô񡭡˵ʲô
ڴʱһ˷ɿشȺȻ廪걧ڻ
ɺޣ̫ɺˣ
§ס廪ָ꣬ΣŭСʦǴ㣡
ʱСֻỽһʦ㣬ε˵ͷʲôû˵
ǣ
鿴ڳˣаԲưոݣ
˵꣬ס廪ļҪѨ廪˿صʦ㡭ߡ
ã
廪걧˸ҵҲһԣ˼֮²ŷӦԭа֮ˡ
Ǹɣȴ򲻸а֮ˣֻ˴ߡ
ṦҲãûһͲӰʱεвߣֻý˵ˡ
δ˿̵Ȼ̫ȶסֱйǻڳ˶󼰵ģδ֡
ھ֮º֮޲
˲ȻʱĽվ˳λĪҪٻϿӣ
Ҳ
ʱǣǸոոϵĶϵɽ
Ȼðˡ
ҧгݣﰵõĻûˣ̫ϧˣ
л˵
֮Ჹȫ˵ӽǣĪĪ


42 
º͵Ϯ, ɥٰգŸɶȥ䡣
ºɥϣȻ, һ̴ؿڣԼº֮顣аҽȻֲѵߣ֪ԭа֮ˣҲٸ׷֮£
ɥ֮αѾҪ֮λ褣һڵӹνӹ֮λ֮, ջǽΣ֮ȥɽμִᡣ
ɽ֮ϣִ, ɽ鱨֯ĶԲߡ, ҾԽΪ, ֯Сӣٽ鱨ͼҳԷݡ
ִỹиСд书Ϊɣε书εһ, ȴδ˸仨ˮ书º, ԴٸСɺλš
β, ź, Ѱһ˿Цݡ
Ҷ˵βЦ, ֻ֪˲֪Цˣˡ
**
Сʦûδô
ĺʣŸհˮ˳飬ʣôһˣδ
ȻܿǱϾǿĵطȻǴԪûѾˡ
Щ꣬ĺÿնʼ飬Ȼ֪廪꣬Ҳʵڷˡ
ʦ㣬ͱˣСʦˣһġ
ĺȻҲ֪Ƣｹƣ룬治ǶʦӣҶҪȥţ
ΪҲ룿
˽ϵˮ裬̾˿ˣһеСʦ˵
廪ʣа֮аһƬžУȾƵж˶쳣ɣδŪκζ
аΣֻҲ̫ţżֻǰԺʲô˵
ٹţÿո㱨Ҳĺ粻ҪȥѰɻ
ĺʹΪʲôٹֻ˵Ҫ廪뷨һеپ
ֹ˰£廪תۺþδ˵ĺȻȴҲûбֻԹԺҩ
廪걻ιҩҲܺԹԺ£ֻɫĬȻһ㾫ûС
ҩٹˣʲôҲû˵ֻǸ˰˶ȥ廪ֻؿǰĴޣȴһʧȥ˹⻪ޡ
һˡ
ٹŰ廪ַ£ȻֻҪһ仰Ϊʦɱɡ
ء
廪ƣֻǸ˵բһۿȻԴԴ¡
ٹû˵֪廪껹лҪ˵֪⺢ӵӡ
ȥģǡͰҵ̤ʯ
廪˵ֿ꣬۵ס˿ڣڲʱٹֹȥ˵ʹУ廪Ż
ԭʱֿӡ
廪ڿޣٹֻ޹ˣٹŲ˵㡣
ɴƶˣ׹޾Ԩ
˵꣬ٹ뿪ˣ̾˿
֮һ֣ˡ
**
СʦãԷ
ĺ廪Ժﺰһ廪ӦһòŴ򿪴š
廪ɢһͷīɫһɫĳĿؿǰأƺȷλãȻſ˷š
½ݣÿһֱߵĺǰͣʲôˣǲǴŹǣ㰡
ǣ֪߰ɡ
á
ĺʶز廪꣬СĽ¡
İɴʦ㣬ٹʱҾӦˡ
廪ЦĿģ۽һ
ӦʲôѾ취ˣ۾һܺõġ
֪һָʱ䣬ǵӦһ¡
˵㡣
ĺûذ廪һۣϧ廪ʲô۷Ҳǰ׷
ƽʱаٻһԷ廪˻֮󣬴ҶǾһԵģ廪˵˵Ц֮ǰ˺
ҹ廪ԺֱŰ״ɾƱͷԼò״ٹҪľơ
˿ڣȻ̾˿
ںڰУܾûججģ֪䣬ԶֻһƬֹĺڡ
ʱԼĳ廪겻Ц˳ǵ˵Ϊˣ춼ڿޣ۾Ϲˣûˣ۾Ҳûˡ
룬˵öԣԼûϢģɻԼĳͷͷԼ顣
ϸ΢ĽŲ廪ͷʦ֣ˡ
ڣûгٵ
ЦЦ˶£ȻʣҪʼô
ʦֻǰ㲻ϲ˷ʱ䡣
廪ЦЦȻԼĿ룺ʼɡ
㡭ա
ϢʱҲѧµĶ
廪΢΢һ* ĨɬЦݣʲôͶ롣
ԣ١
**
ȥһƬȷѪ꣬֯ûбڳǴҷЩ϶˹ƣŻʿһȥɱ
ǿײκ鱨ֹֻ置һЩ˻ãԽ置ȥ飬Ѿһδ顣
ˮУ¥ˣһȥױϿӴ¡
һ˵¸ңһ߳ЦɻȥƲΡ
˵ϿӲҪʦһްɣ
ǶϧҪбһЩôҲҪȥףҲԸ
ʱ·ϿӣһۣҸ˵һӶǸ񣡡
żУһðײ۵Ůڿλã̧ᲦŪԼ˿غŲ衣ǰһŮˣһ٣¥µ̲֮סǳˡ
ôΧǸŮ˵
ǵؿ廪꣬ûʲô飬ֻǺһڲ費Ƕõ衣
ĺûЩ˵ĻҲᣬ񽭺ң㻹ʲô
ǿжңԽԽȤ
ĺǲ廪һ˳Ը¸ųֻ⽭ȫȤ׼
ڴʱЩ˻˵ɽׯ˵һׯأµһиҵĽ͡
˵ң˽߳ҸĪ⣬ԴĽдܶϵǰսϯӣѹʤ֮֡⣬ɽׯͣǹģһСɣС
Ӵɽׯ˽˵ҰȴֶҲصɴ
Ϣˡ
廪ЦЦǸһֵļ䣬ǻ̲סһЦ
ˣ߰ɡ
ȥ
ߣܲʲôˡɽǡ
뿪˿¥ãӣȻ廪꿴һֱǵá

˻Լͷȥ˭ǸϹӡ
˭
廪ЦЦǰʵǵˣ
ش廪һײۣ˿䣬ЦӯӯģǺĶȴǵԼ
ϵʱ䣬ǡ
ȷʵǸʱ䣬Ҫȥ̽һ̽ղ޹ʱ˴˵ĵӡ
š
廪䣬оɱʶس˳
ãɽǡ
л˵



43 
, ɽǡ
յɵģûѩȴܾصÿҪһ, ѹġ
廪˵ĺֻǱվһԣ֪˱ǵεҲ֪ô
ЦֵĪҪ˵Цϵˡ
תȥϮæȥ, ȴǱǱ
廪ǹһĨ΢Ц, ߲ˡ
˵գŲ, , ߣýȥ³ͻȻ廪Ľ̫죬мܲסڵʯ, ŵһУ廪Ѿ, ԼĲһȦ, Ƥϱˡ
Ǻ, жǶĹ򣿡
ڷ, ȴһҶ²ϵԼ
ʵϣǵȷ׼Լ
˭Ҫ𣿡
廪һϼŵƶԩ޳𣬺ιɱ֣
ֵϵǿľһʼΪϹ̫дȴΪģ⽭Ȼ˲űСκһˡ
廪ǰһЦҿ㲻˳ۣɾ㹻ˡ
㡭
廪ĲػʱƤƣѪɣŵ˶ȥסԼĲӣ˵ķȻһµڵϡ
ߵĵŻˣֻʣڵϳ鴤ûһͶ
廪˦˦ϵѪ˦ɾ󣬲Űջ
߰ɣʦ㡣
ֻͦ׼
һֱԹ۵ĺʱһ䣬ֵѾͷԭǳ鷳ġ
ǰʲôʲô
˿Ȱҡ
˵Ҳǡ
ĺҲӲȰ廪꣬廪ĵǲ뱻̫Ե䣬Ĳڡ
ɱϢܿʹ֣һϹӡɵ˺ܿȥ׷ɱϹӣȻȥ˶ȥ޻أһĵѳȥ׷ɱ
ڳɽ廪껹ǵϴɱˣɱɽ
˭ΪҪɱϣ
һĵûг֣վñֱָ֣
һʱ𡣡
廪ЦֵֻԤı
̤ʯ壬ҶҪݻ١
ĺһ£ѱĽٷǰЦôһ˵Ҿ;Ȥˡ
֮жԹ
ޣ˵ֱӶԹ
廪ЦŨɱˣͱжԹ𣬾ǺˣҲҪжԹô
һĵ˲֪Ǻ⣬ֻ˼廪Ѿһ˹Ϊ廪ǸϹӣжȻûô׼廪вֹ׼кݶ
ССͣ־˺
һĵ˵Щʵ廪Ľк漴˼ܿ˽档
ôֺ϶ſô
廪˵һĵһһ󣡡
䣬ĵȴһƵȫ˼
ϻħ
һĵ˿վڲԶָڹϵĺ磬ɫ󾪣㣬а٣
һĵ˵Ŀ廪ϣǾ
аýǸδ¶ľ
ԣҲΨһһ̳ʦа۽֮ˡ
廪ǰһ̣һԽɳɵӱУʱڵ϶
͸ĽһĵҲ׼ڴ˴ֻ
ߣҵ󣡡
һĵ˵ĵȴߣ˵Ҫһĵˣһĵ뿪뿪
廪Ц㿴һģһų֡
һĵص̾˿Ҳ֪кιڣЩ޹ģҲ˺ǡ
޹ڽ˭޹ģ
֮˸ڱʱȴһ׶ϻ
ϻꡣ
**
ɽ˼ϣ˵аģ֮£ֻܹرɽлÿͣҲõɽϢ
һý置˻һһȵӢۻ۴¡Ǻ֮㣬书һʮֳģĬΪĶ֣ڽ֮ǰǰæﱸӢۻ֮ˡ
ֻǵλڽΣȴڽϲ˵һʱ
ʵϣа֮˰֮ɱ˺յ
Ͽӣ
һûӦ
Ͽӣ
ʱβŻعʣӿǲʣ
ţе㡣
˵꣬㿴ǸɽׯĵңҿǸϹӣǾɽ£ɽµӣ
δȽʩٿվŵĿ£ʧǵسɽµ·ȥСߺ褼״е㲻ģҲϸ˹ȥ
⡭
Ȼ飬˵˵עڣɲصģǾ˵˵置¡
һ棬һ·ɽǵû˵ĸӣȴ֪ĸ֪
褺С߸εĽŲβֹṦṦҲһˡ
СߴŴȻ׷ҡͷʾԼѾ߲׷ˡ
һ̧ۿȥѲλӵӰˡ
һ·ɽȺŲһ̶ֱֱͣĳܶȥټĳ֪Ǹ
ǽδŴǸưܲȴСزֱ߽һϮİ¡
ű
廪ɢīɫĳתȥʱһĨЦݣû뵽ŻǵһΪˡ
廪ײۣεĺᣬ治ȷеķֻһΣһûҪһô
С񡭡
߽ϵİײȵص۾
ǳͷ
廪̧ǰİײЦͷҵ顣
ˣҲˣҪΪɱô
֦ͬ
廪һһšһһ·壬ߵľлһǵԽǵ
廪гֱֱָΣֻҲ֡
һᡣ
˵꣬廪ǰֱֱΣβҲ㣬ǱԼؿϣȻ买
㣿ΪҲɱ㣿
廪ЦҪʹһеʱȴԲ𡣡
˰֮У廪֣һ㶣־ÿЦ
ô
廪ĽεĲϣѱĥѪۡ
ֻǱ۾㣬ƺֻǱĽݺݵػʺ
Σôô
廪경ΣŵϵҩζĸظŨ
ҾͲ
廪ջȻ߹Ҫץסȴֻץ䣬ָỬߡ
ۣſյɻʧ˰ׯϷžôվţЩʲôأ
Ҵ죬Ҵһһ졣
ֻʲôû롣
ԵԵԵǽ٣
л˵



44 
𶯣
ǳһ, ץ廪Ϲţһ
Ѱ㻻ҩʶô
廪ǰİײж, Ѱײ̯һЩںɫɹɲҩѰײɨһԣֻһƬɾİײ׼õĲҩȥ
סҪ۾Ӵ⣬ãҪײ
֪
㶼˵˰ٱˣܲܲǵðɡ
ҩ, ʰʰ˼뿪廪ķ䡣ĺǺ˿ڲ裬廪һۣͱ¨, ô
˭˳۾ɱ˭򵥡
еʦķˡ
ĺСٹŵĹ³, ʱٹű廪аһЩǵ, ͻҹ˱ţСׯ߱ʱͿȥˡ
УٹŵȷаϾʦʼվնݱҪ
廪ٻĴЩ
뿪СʱƵƮѩ廪괩ź, վϸѩ֮£ɰѩļϻˮ
Ȼ, ԭһ, ϧŲ졣
ôˣ
廪վ, ĺۻѯʡ
ֻͻȻ, ǸͦõģֻǳŲ졣
ĺûףֻ˵廪һ˵ŵǰˡ
**
а֪ιʳɱҹŷɽ˵ºʱϿһ˵Ǽ¡
аҽʱϵ˱ߣ֮󽭺а伣꣬ȴǳ󶯾Ҷ˵аҪѰģаٹҲѾ뿪а
֯δʲôϢаִӴĻ̻̣ССɶɽܻȥˡ
ȥһɣ̸¡
ҴδʹϿӣξˡĳðˡ
̧ۿ򽭳֪һֱڰԼ
ԼΪź󣬽ǰԼҪ񶼽Լ˵Žлʲô˿ţҲֻʣ½һˡ
аλľʶ
ʶ˵ޣȥ̽ε˽¡
š
ڽа֮£ô
Ҳ֪
뷨ڽÿϵʱ򶼻Ϻܴæɴ˴ȴʧжϡ
£Ĳ֪
֪廪ʲô֪ʲôԼֿԸʲô
һֻصϣóء
֪廪ϵ򵥣ʧǣҲȥ
˵˵置¡
á
νץסֵָ԰׵ɫظһЩѪɫ
置ʵҵòˣǸĺۼϴɾǿľֻʣǵ
š
߹ңܴܲΪ
ǵġ
ҵȥһǣн飬ɷһͬǰȥ
廪ⴳ£ֻнһ֪ҲΣǵ˽ǵȷԼеĲһ
á
ҲһӦ£ֻԼ֪ȥǲֹΪ˹ô򵥡
ãǸ˻̤Լ߹·
ȻԼǡ
**
ĺԼĽٷڳϣ·Ҫ˵ĺһۣĺ粻Ϊ⡣
ܷⶫŲ
òţʲô˵ļ́ۿ˿߳ʣ¶ٵһС֡
˱ûʶʲôߵͬˣҲˡ
ʦ㣬Żˡ
廪ȻҲĺʲô
ҲŲЩһ
ĺҲź˿ڲ裬Ϊβȥ¥·ߵĲ費úȡ
ĺ²豭Ȼһͷ˼ַ¡
ͦõģԿŶڿ
Ҳãࡣ
ĺ翴һ۽ֵϵ˳вͿ˸ˣŵ񻰱Ĺ֡
ϾǣҵǾͦȤġ
Ҳ֪첻ƽΣûΪԼֵܱһγ
ҲȤˡ
ĺվ豭ʲôְѲ豭£ȻؿһǸɰͰ͵ͷ
Ҫû
ˡ
ĺѸٵԼĽ뿪̣ư̶붺
˰죬һǡ˼ĺ廪ǰײۣʱ뵽ڽҵа֮ˣ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ҲҲǰʲôҲˣ˸аҲˣǸòʲô·ɣ
ѻ죬һ˵еûģϽɻȥ
ϰһڻƵĺϣǻֹ˼Ҳٶ˵ȥˡ
廪Ȼ˶·вͷض˵ɱɳϵ¡
Դ˲⣬ʹˣԼµ˭ֻû뵽˻
ǻȪ·ջȻӭ˵Ϣϵãλ͹٣ʴ⻹סꣿ
ס꣬һϷ
شĺ磬ʱ廪꿪ڣ겻ǲϵˣ
廪꣬ûϳǡ
ǹѾͷ
֮ǰ廪һֱݣҲˣҲѹֹһʱ֮ϲ
һ˵أаʲôˣȻ㡣
к£ֻǿ廪۾һۣ̲סʵ۾ʲô֮ǰúõġ
Ϲˣʲô£ϳ
һʱҭǾʲô£Ѿͷһ˫ôܻϹֻа֮£Ҳö̽廪ĺҪʲôˡ
Ҫǽл
ˣҲԡ
ҭ֮ǰϽųԣ
˺ĺſ廪꣬̾˿ʦȻʳǰȥͲôԼչʱĺܶʱϺ˵ġ
廪кʣǽΣ
Ҳ˵ɽ֮۴˵֮ʱʱͲµ廪꣬ôʣԼҲö˵еûġ
֪ȥ˳
ĺΡ֣Ҳ˹ȥĺһ۶˸飬ܾɱƮ
κˣڳš
ҡڵؽǣѵͲ±ַ֮ô
ĺ˵ĻȻǷεġΪԼܹվȽŸԼСʦõ̤ʯûаǧʴȡ
ֻʼ磬û˵ʲôʱ廪ʣǿɰŮȥĶˣ
Цȥˡ
棬廪ôͻȻ裬廪һ漴˵밡置֮µġ
ˣɫ˱䣬ʲôû˵߿ˡ
ʦ㣬ɫΣ
ѿ
ϵޱͶ࣬廪Ļɫһ䣬øѿˡ
廪ֻЦû˵ֻһֱעŹĽŲ뿪ջˡ
ڴʲôգ
ǴգҪ֪£ǹԸ֮£ùȥʸˡ
ĺ绹ܿˣŽܿϷˡ
л˵



45 
ȥѰһ, ǼգһֱѰߣڱʲôϡһ
廪ÿնڴԷȲ, ڵʲôϷһ
ĺһʼϲǣеϲˣȻ˶Եôֱɲϲľƣͻо֮
ϲȥ꣬ļ֮ˣʮн
Ȼûٵ, ĺ廪һµնܡ
ǡǡڳ緹ʱˣĺ绹˵ʦо, ʦ⡣
ĺһ۹̨޾ɵظ, һ, Ȼܵġ
û
ˡ
ϧҴˣѾͷҵϲѹ˵һϲӡ
廪ֻЦû˵
ջӭ뿴ĺϷ, ֹݰѽδ˹ֹѾԭһˡ
ɫһ, ʲôû˵, ֻǴκͽ, 䱸
常Щ춼ҳȥ棡˵˵
һ˵ֹݵĻСڵİѾͤͤ, Ǹˣˮˮģ˭˶ϲֹȻҲ۰ӵġ
ֹֻЦŸŰͷ̧ۿ񣬱֪֪Լʲô
ֻǰ˴ξ㡣
գɫڻһЩʱǰһҾ˴үæһ¡

նؾܾҲֹݵ֮УֻЦЦ˵ˣֻ޹
ʲôûӣ
ˣĿдšӡ֡
ڽԷ廪գЦ˳̵úã̳һС
裬ȥһǡ
ΪΣҲȥ⼸̫ˣֲҳȥֲֲСˣ
ȷСˣ廪һ߹ߣܹоԼˣҲǰǸֻԼǰСѾͷˡ
㿴ֳˡ
ĺһϷӣǻҵĿܿѰ廪Ӱ
οˡ
ĺ˵Ųá
㿴գĪǻڴ˳Էɣ
廪̬Ե÷ƵĺҲһСģȥɱˡ
衭
Ƿգ˵ʲôɼ˰һŭݣȴʲô˵Ц˵ԼŮū仰Ĳ١
үǵȷҪܹؼ
Ŀ⿴һװİ裬ҲЩֻ̣¹ס
ԭֵ£Ǻιأ
ֹڴˣʲôħָ
ˣǵ˵ʲô
˺ü죬ڱﲻסˣץסЩʧǵΣʵ㣬ǵҪ֪ʲô£йضԲԣ
˵Ҳǳ˿͸ģ⼸оŹ֣ǽøӵԼ֪ԼѲ˸ϵ
ʵ屻һ¡
ʵ˵ˣɫɲǲҰף˲ſΣǴʲôΣյĶһ
״ŭǹ
ţ常
һס䣬һ󣬵ѾˣҿЩˡ
裬ԲԵġ
Ůֹһüͷţʱһ˲仺ǽŵա
ֹٿ̧ͷȥĺһڵ࣬Ҳ˲˹ȥĺ磿
ǵҡ
Ȼֻǵʦʱ㻹Сһ١
˵ĺһŹٻֹ͵ģ񻹷ķúõıš
ֹſײ۵廪꣬ЩŵʣѾͷ
þò
ֹЩֹֻ̾˿˷ݰ
˵
廪˵ֹݱ˻ȥڿɲɵʱ
͹ִ˵һ䣺ܲһֱţҲ뵱˭
һȻѰط̸
лл
лһ˱¥ȥϷôˡ
廪Ҫ뿪ȴ˼¥ͣ½Ųȴ˹ȻվԼǰ
С񡣡
λһ廪ȴûһҪ߹ȴνס䣺Ҫҡ
εͷܽ˿۽ǵ糺졣
ţɱģô
廪س˳ֵ֣鰡Ȳݻ
סɣ޸飿ô˵£Ųǻ˼Ǻܶôôô򵥵ĵȴ벻ͨ
˵꣬廪ĺһͬ뿪˻Ȫ·ջ
תۿ廪ȥķ룬׷ȥֻûٿǸ»ꡣ
ָˡ
ţ
廪Щɺܿͻָƽģ
ξô廪ȥ꣬ȥε꣬ȥ֬ˮ۵꣬廪ֵظĺŴСػؿջ
廪ЦĳƷʱüͷĺ֣ûб䡣
һֶˣˡ
š
ţ
廪־ˣΪԼһ죬Ǹˣû뵽Ȼš
ô* 겻ɢģ
ǻʱǻƻ裬ֹˣЩ겻ģҲӰ
ĺԼ˵һ廪ͻȻͺ浱귢ʲôء

룬а취
廪ʡ
֪ɲУһԡ
С
廪Ҳʲô취ĺȻа취Ҳ޷
ҵǸ
һˣͻԼȫĵط
廪˵ĺᣬֻĿǰһ⣬ǾһֱǵΡ廪겻֪ʲôֻǰĺָʾţٸңұҪˡ
˺ɫһ䣬񡮲ˡֶһϻ̳Ͽֵħ䡣
Ǹ
ν߬ȭͷתͷȥûƻ֮ɫС廪֪жˣҲΪ˶ˡ
ǱԺȥȻںԺһĽ￴˰衣
ʯϣ˫ϥ֮䣬ģ˲ȥš
ĺҲû˵ʲôԺӵʯ£ѽٷŵʯϣʼ֡
ƣ˵ԶŵĹ£̽ǹвΪ֪ϸڡ
һ
廪궮ˣԭĺԵķ
һΣλغ쳾
̧ͷĺ磬۾ˣǸոڿջﵯٺܺĽ㣬С
㣬ô
㲻ģ㡣
廪˵ֵҴʦ㵯ٺܺģ㲻һ
šȷܺ
軹ϸȥʱ廪Ѿ˰ߣһ١ĺһֱעŰ裬ֱ룬㲦һͻأ廪ꡣ
裬׷ʲô
ꡭ
л˵



46 
廪ᱧŰ, طϡ
ĺ棺֪ķ䣿
ʦ㣬ıǲǱʦʦˣⷿǰζ
ĺҭ, Ҳû˵ʵıӱˣ廪ˡ
˯ŵİźú󣬶ĬĬ˳䣬ֱصԼķղŵ¡
ӣ൳
廪
൳ˣɱ
廪, ͷ룺ʦ˵аźԶ˵ĹޣɻǱ㣬пڹΪ
ڹ, ôǸڹܿûڹԶ, ΪҪ𣿡
Ŀ̫˷ѽ⡣
廪
Ŀѡô
廪, ĺȻаǵ׻ǱԼڽʮ꣬ȻǸмʶЩ
У˵ǽԶĲֻһô
˵ϻõ
Ǹδ¶ˡ
ԡ
ĺ˶, ֵʹƣԶ˽һܶ, ôö͹ȥ, ˵ͨˡ
Ŀʲô
֪, ˭֪Щﶼʲôˮأ
廪ҡͷ̾Ҳǿ, 屻һǹЦ·Ѱߣûκˡ
ֻ©
˵ĺһԼô˵ԽԽЩˣޣ
ϻãȤпҲȥְɡ
ҪֿԣҪţҿɲⶾ
ʦ㣬ҿǰٶ֡
ĺ绹һʱ£ǰٶ֣֮һ֣
ҩɽ⡣
**
ǵϢҪȥԲߣյһ뿪ǡ
ΪҲѾˣû뵽ţ¥Էĺһ۾Ϳò˾Ͱһ羰Ѻԡ
ڡ
廪˺Ҳû£α˹
̸̸ܲ
̸ʲô̸ʲô̸ģ
˵ĺ磬һۣʱͦ˳۵ģˡ
ʦ㣬ŶгˣܲɨˣãǾ̸̸
ĺǰ廪һۣԼĹٱջȥ۲Ϊ
ʱ磬öŹǷѹδջ˵ˣӰûһֻ
ø˵Ȳ裬˼Ӻ㿿Զӣͷһһش˯ȥˡ
˵ʲô
廪ӣҪѰȵĲ豭ϰѲ豭ƣƵϡ
廪㶣Ц㿴ҵֶ౿豭
λһ΢΢һɱ˽ɫΪ˶԰ףɫǲ԰ˣǵˡ
Ұ׵ɫǾɫݣ߳ԹŮŮ
£֪ȫҵĴܲٸһֲ
ֲ
廪ֶ˶ˮָϣ۵Ҫȥһ統ʱԼĿϵһ
ʹ͸÷֣ƫƫԼȴǿģ統꽣ؿʱǰһٱǽס豭ǸԼϾһ
Ҷ⣬֪һɽѰ㣬С߹ȥѰʦǰһҪɱңһֲţ㵽ʲôأ
Ҳ
һѾѵɱˡ
廪ЦͲǵõʱԵĳоˡ
Ϊüžܽ⿪ᣬұԭô
ǵģλ廪дţһʱȥаȣĳСۻʻȵˣɹ͹ţһλŶûУͻ
ļƻ޷죬ɽΪͷһңʦұסҵ
廪ǺЦԳ񳰷εĹԣҪĽõˣɰˣ̲ɣҲû
ΣҵģııѵģĿԱԭµġ
ҵʱΪ˾㰡
廪겻֪ԼΪҪЦЦԼ뷨жôЦǰ㱾£ҪԼȥȣ
֪ұ㡣
κȻЩ廪꿴ʱǱֻס֡
ҪôԸһ᣿
»ҪҰ밡ţ
廪ЦһͷȻƵվţúú룬ˣ㾹һҲ벻ô
廪˵뿪˿ջ߱߳ϵͷһԡ
οԶȥ廪꣬ɫֲ԰˼֡
סԼĸ̾˿ľվʱӺԺΣʣʲôˣ
Ӧû˵Ŷԡ
Ǹ֯˶ʮʿһʱˡ
ǸĻָʹҲû뵽ʮʿҲɱԼ˷۱˲̫أȥһʱͺˡ
ʮʿҲرˣ벻㻹ͦġ
ֹݣʮʿҲ÷ѵ㾢λ½ſ򵥰
ʵڲطչ¶ԼĴģֹֻݣҲڳסţҲҶԼЩʲô
ЦӣԼ»м翹֮ġ
Ҫˣ
ɡ
ﲻ˵ĺõط
һֻΪ廪˵ϻˣǿԸ·ȥġ
˵껰˳ȥ廪ûʹңλ׷ϡ
Ҫȥ㡣
ţôãٳʸ֮ģҿûô㵱̤ʯ
Ȼ廪ϹˣԻĸ֪ǿˣ·ϣҲײߵʱܵû㣬ľȱ˻Щ
Ҿ㡣
廪ЦʱĺѾӭΪλţ
ʲô겻ɢԹɣ
űŰɣʦ㣬ġ
䣬ͷҲΪůЩҲ֪ΪʱҪ
һһģһ˵䡣
廪ʼ磬ĺ羯Ϊ⡣ĺ廪һµ꣬˼ǲ⣬ĺ̲סһ䣺㶼ʲô
ʦ㣬ԲӣȻҿ˿üְֹܴܲɣ
ĺҭ
Ǹô֣
ʱ˹ùһɫƷ廪ݺ廪ЦŵǱ۹ˡ
ĺһתȥ۲Ϊ
ǲҰѷɡ
ߵ廪󣬸հ廪ķ𣬱ںڷ֮һһͷһŶʮͷ˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
εЩ̺ú廪һץסεֻ
ô
ʡ
Щδϵ˿ڡ
ΪҪôֲ
˵꣬廪漴ſΣŵֹȻɡ
廪ֻɵ˵һ䣬Ȼĺѵҵ־Ͳɣ
˵ĺֲǵȻûĵģһܹ˲óɰǧһ˫ֱ֣ɵ̾
Ȼɵġ
廪ֻǵЦһѻ˵ˣֺûУѰζúܡ
ŽҪһֱô
š
Ӧÿ죬ԼӦˣ廪ˡ
Ҫˡ
л˵

Сɰ
Ͽ£
ĺ磺Ҳɰ
С񣺴ɷǱɡ


47 
Ҫˡ
֪廪ʲô˼, ṦȻһֻû뵽ĺṦȻݵصˡ
Ṧ, ȻǣɻǸϡ
廪ѰֹݵģΪа֮£ڳȺЩƣ廪Ӻˡ
ڣֹϸϸ廪꣬˵ڹΪг, Ϣ书ˣ־ʲôͬˡ
˫۾, ôϹģ
ʦҲǴ㡣
ʲô
ֱֹ, ׼ʲôʥּһ
˵, ǵУҲȥа̽̽ɡ
廪˵ֵȥĶȥˣô˵ġ
ֹٿһ, ǿʯ£鿪, Ӷࡣ
֪ˡ
ֹӦº, ĺ棺ǶҼʦʲô£
ûʲô, , 
ֹ£Щˣʵ۾ΪΣ
Σ飬Ϲˡ
˵˵
ֹҲȥ֪ٹҪ˵Ļ鿴ʮֲõƳǳ
Ҫˣ˺Ⱦơ
ô죬Ҫȥʲôط
˵ٹûʲô¶ָʲô
ȥţʶһŵİ
ȻѾ͵룬ŵİ廨ţʲô滨룬廪ĺʶһ¡
ãǾͲˣǡ
ֹݰѶ͵⣬һֱغΣֹݲü
˵ҪϢôĻܣ
廪С˵ʲô廪ûֻĺˡֹݵˣΣǹѾͷƢСܵˡ
֪ģ
򴽣ȻȻȥ
ֹĿ뿪Ȼ˵괳ʱĿҰ벻̫ã˴ʱˣǸóȥˡ
**
쿪ʼƮѩسĺҲû뵽λһ·棬Ѱ˸Ϣʱ̲סʣΣΪһţһֱͷĺ𣿡
ĺ羭ΣʶľٶϿ֮òܹھֲûеġ
һ£ھԣڰƮµİѩУ˿Ǿ޵ݺԶģĺ綼ޡ
Īֽһ˲ֹݾޣ书ǿ֮ǰҲѹѾͷϹһ˫۾
Щ̫ޣܾܿһˡ
뿪ǰѽһˡ
廪գֻЦЦû׼׼ı˲Żġ
ͲȥһǸʲô֯ɱ䣿
ĺԽǰԣ֣˭˭ν뵽ĺȻһ˵ģ
褣ô
д㡣
δȻ΢΢̧廪꣬񿴵ĺƤ˸۲Ϊ˵Ҫȥߣˡ
˴γе飿
廪ڴ۾ЦţмƺڳΡ
ҪҵԸ㡣
˵棬廪ʱ΢΢˶̧ۿôܿü
ã˵ġ
ţ˵ġ
廪ô棬̲סɱɣֵΣ
ɱҡ
Ҫɱأ
ǾʹҵʬϿȥ
廪ЦЦû˵ãıųһ仰ɵǰģĽ
廪ԳЦˣʱؿڴʹ֮ʱһƬհףʲô͵Ϯλ᲻Σա
ǿЦͷһֻǲԸϣһ֮˴̳һġ
Ҳˡ
εĳŵ廪ƮƮģš
˳Ĭĺ֮Ǳˡ
غ˸ջϢȻԼһסġ
ⲻεһأһλºݷţֻǽֲôˡ
ŵİַԳһңȻԼĽֻʱеĿˣλǶûʲôӡԴӱ廪͵룬ץס˺浹˲٣ϴºɥ
Ϊ˱ͻֻ廪ĺǴҡڵؽš
ĺԱţȻɣĺ廪궼ûж⣬಻ͻȥˡ
ȥӭȻܵʼ͸Ž䱸
а޹ϸ𣬲֪аٹаﵽΪΣ
˺ò裬ҵҲиĺ磬Ŀ廪ϣɱһĵˣȻ᣿
а˲á
ų˰ַƵİһ֪ǿҿԼʶһ
廪˵ȻҲϣڴ˴ǳʲôҲΪţֻʶ¡
ЩΪѣҲֱӾܾʣ֪ʶһ
滨룬ᡣ
üͷһİ֮һȻǼȥǸΣ
صģ⼼͵˵ġ
ĺȻ֪ʲôԼʦΪηҪżʶЩİҲãʼǽʵڿɱ
ԸǱˡ
ǡ
оаǵﲻ𣬱ˣѱ滨롢͹ó
һʱĺ廪߳ûǸý֡
ȷǺܲİϧˡ
廪Ҳʹģǵ찵ļӣʹַʼҪһЩ
ΪҪһЩ
Ҫ͵
ղŻԵ͵˵ĺüëһ͵ˣ
ûʲô͵˵ġ
廪ŵ˵ֵϧϹˣͼֻֽܿʦˡ
Ժ˵ɡ
ĺ廪ⲻԶΣְظڶ
㡭
˺һĺҪǳֻԩ꣬δ˵꣬һݣϻͷ㿴һ˳һ˨һˡ
ʱѾ񽣣ɱȻ
ϿˣҪġ
йһ֮Ե޳ʹ˩ס˱ǿѪѪͷҰޣżݣŹӣ﷢ͺŵ˺ۡ
ǵ٣ǺҲѾ¶ˣѾȥ׷ɱ˰ɣ
üͷԼˣٿǰĶ֣һҪӲˣҲ߯ңǿɱ
֪׷ɱģǸɱ֣
գĬĬû뵽һֱĶϻڳˣҲֹֻˡ
аĶλѣǲҰɣ
˭ѣණ
ĺһǿѪٿ޳ʹʵģһ󺮶
޳ʹɫ˱䣬δ˵廪߰ɴʦ㣬Ǳ˼ҵ¡
ߣ
ĺ绹Ϊ廪û뵽
š
廪ĺûٶһԭεĳȥҲԼӦãһμˡ
廪ꡣ
ỽ廪֡
Ұ㡣
ܵͣҲ̹ףԺûлˡ
û뵽廪ʱộŲպ
ʱ廪ԼǸϹӡ
ʱԼǸϹӣ˲һüĻ
ѵɿѪһΣ󿪴ϣ˿ûзͼ󾪣ֱ̿Ѫȴʹ⣬ֿԼһЦø
־ҪץΣǴצӵۿҪ䵽Լͷμȥſܿ˿ѪĹ
ʱ޳ʹɳֱ̿ѪĺףֻѪһŭȻ㷢˷سȥ
Ϣȣȴǿע뽣УӿѷһĿѪˡ

αˣʱˣһ𣬱³Ѫ
ʮʿվǹõġ
޳ʹЦ
Ѫ³Ѫ۵ɢſµĹϳȥһ˫צͼ˺顣
ݡ
ɳڿѪͷϵѨϣ޳ʹһ̧ۿȥ֪Ϊĺ廪ȥ
ѪסԼͷ󺰣ʹڵϴĿѣһͷը
ѨַǶϻõֶΡ
˵ĺ磬ؿڵϷĿѪȻֿǸʱˡ
¹ޡ
а޹ڣλȷҪϿô
޳ʹüͷٿһ۵ڵϵĿѪüͷˡ
Ҫ˭ֵ˵̣
廪һʱĿѪѾ廪룬Ȼ廪ŭһҰް˹ȥ

廪갵һ䣬ȻɱѪζ֪ѪҪˡ
ס֣ȡ
μܹȥһƯĽаѿѪˣԼʹðڵϣŴ
ʱĺЩ۵ؿŹڵϵΣŵ֪պαص
־棬ܺܺõĽô
ĺѽٷŵǰ޳ָڽϣҵ뿴Ƥģֵܲܵסħ
ĺָһһһֱɿѪ޳ʹһ
Ѫֻһٻص޳ʹߣȻ޳ʹһƻըεɢһ硣
޳ʹе͡
ĺ΢΢ӣָٴڽϣֻ޳ʹĵؿصΣȻԼĺڰ׳ȡһɫҩ衣
ʲô
廪ŵһЩѺõζ
һɫҩ裬ͷЩɫ·
ĺ˵廪󾪣̣ʦߣ
廪˵ǰ£֮ʱסεĿڱǣմһȵѪ
ߣ
廪һסεĿڱǣһס֮ǰϰ˱ˡ

һз޳ʹ㲻ǱؿڵѨ
ɳ״ԼϢָ߳İַԲΪǸϹӣ
İַ
ζ̱ǵɢȥѲ޳ʹһȻ˵һ䣺ûõĶ
Ѫµĺһţҿ޳ʹ
׷ɻĴ¡
𡪡
**
廪ѰĺµϢ׷ȥ˶һСׯʱ˶ɻ廪ĺδһõС
˸
ĺõĴһ۴ڣȻֻص廪ߣɫҰף˹ȥΡ
Ȼٹߣҽȴûѧȥ٣Ҳֻ̽̽ˡ
ε䣬ĺһ˲ΪԼʬ壬̽΢󣬲ȷ˻û
ôܣ
ãĺջ֣۵׶Ǿ廪ҽԼޣֻܼĺ磬ֻķӦԼЩǡ
һصΪ޸ơ
£廪ҽϣͻȻɱԼ
̫⵽ôڹ
ĪҪ
廪κúõؿǽϣȻĺĺʣô£
־֮ʱƲʧء
߻ħļ󣿡
⡣
߻ħĺ絹ǰ廪ˣȷ߻ħ߻ħ
û뵽ιȥˣԾȵķʽ
ĺû߹ȥ廪Ҳ˺µ˿ʱʧʱǳԹġ
廪û˵ĺԼȥһɾЩĵط¡ĺȥЩԺͺȵģ廪ôΣ֪͵ϡ
ĺӴ״̬Ȼ⿴ۣ޳ʹǣſѪ
ƶᡣ
⻭Ҳʵ죬һǣһֻ˶Ĺһ
ˡ
廪գҲվЩξҲ۾ֻĺ˶ЩëȻˡ
ĺߵ廪ߣС廪ε
廪һʱ֮Ҳò⣬ֻỽһΣ
ɨ˹üͷڻ谵ĺҲóǸӵɫ
ڴʱǱͲι̵Ĵһ±߿ѪĵʵѴ˿̽ŷǳ廪ĺһ
ʱѪȴһۿ廪꣬ҪܹȥȴһĽж˸պֱۣѪһءʱһµɱ⡣
Ҷ֣ɱ㡣
γ̳Ѫȥȴ̳һ˿ڡʱ޳ʹ˹ѿѪߣȻһֵؿΡ
ȻҲϲͬѰıϢ
ŵֻ׳Ķϱۣٿ񣬵ʱŵú
ߣ
޳ʹϴſѪߣҲǿѪûʹܴˣôܻɡ
廪ţδʱȴعͷĺ˵ڵ
ĺ׼ѽóʱΰһ* ͨһڵϣ˹ȥ
ĺ磺
廪꣺
**
ٴһջطԼϵ˺˺ö࣬һЩҲѾá
æ´ȥѰ廪꣬Ҫѥӵʱ򣬷űƿ廪һҩ˽
Щ廪̽Եһˣ
š
εӦ廪겻֪ΪЩִ٣Ȼҩϣ˾ԼԣҲźˡ
˵꣬˵ʲô廪뿪ˣŲͦ졣
Σ
ƣ֪Լǲ廪꣬ˣ±ЩΡ
ҩεȥѰ廪ꡣһСջ䲻࣬һȦƹȴҲû廪ĺӰ
׼ȥѰʱĺˣﻹһ顣
㶼´߶ˣ
̶ֳȵˣҲҪϰ£û뵽ɻˡ廪Ѱ̫¸Լĺ綼õЩ˷ȥԶѰ̫Ҳûе
ȷǾѧ
ţأ
䣬廪ʵѰҺ£
ûûʲô
´һġ
ǣҪȥоˡ
ĺ鲻Լ޻ף¥ˡ
ллǾҡ
˵廪ֻЦЦǷһˡ
š
Ҳϣǵʱ廪ĺûۻԼˡ
ˣŴʦ㿴ɵĵӣѰġ
ûȥˡ
ջﲻ̲סĿվڿջˣӺʲô졣
Ҽǵá
ε
ţ
廪겻ԡ
΢ܿԼʶ
ΪΪԼʧʱ˺廪żԼߣԼǵòû˺
סԼʶ
廪ǰתǧأε˼ֻ˵һ˵лʲôµŶء
廪겻Ϊ˵һ䣬Խ¥ȥʱס廪꣬Щ䡣
ҡ㡣
廪û˵ʲôֻεȻ¥ȥվԭؿ廪ıӰӡϵǸղ廪΢¡
ϰ֮˶ףϰƫǵ¶Ǻůģǰ廪ˡ
ϰ֮˵±䣬ˣǱܹˡ
һ̫ˡ
**
ʰһºȥѰɵĵӣ֪ԭŷֶϻõֲ֪٣Ż֪ͨڸɵȥѰ
û£ɵĵӱ㰲
ţ㰲ŵѾףҪô
㣬ȻһʼΣ䣬ΪɿνǾϹᣬķڷġ
ǵķֶںδ
ɣ
˵αãҲǸ÷ʱˣգȥķֶ档
ţϻÿ϶û뵽Լһ
ԾԾԣֻɵεƣǧ㣬û뵽Ķ֡
Ҳ¶ס
κڸ㣬ֺڸԼ
ţˣȥ𣿡
һ˽Ҫ졣
á
˶٣ˣʦոҷɸ봫˵ҪѰ㣬Ӧñ㵽ˡ
ãȥ̤ƿջѰҼɡ
ǡ
βŻȥΪ֪ĺҪףƻἸնڴ˴廪ҲȰ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ȥһ̣ͷʱŻȥջȥʱǳ緹ʱθսȥ㿴廪һڴԷĺƻͷס
廪һʱ廪һ£Щȵص㻹δ뿪
㡣
Ǿ仰һԴЩŭ⡣ԭ廪ΪԼô뿪תһ룬־Լûе廪ôԼпԭ
廪Ҳ˵ĳĬǸμûһţһԼ
廪Ե嵭һͬʱ嵭ö࣬ҳԵ٣ĪЩ롣
廪û˵ص˷䣬ĺףһԴ
ƻʱ̣Ѱû£ͷʯֻδ룬廪ڴˣĺҲڴˡ
ٴοĺ磬һ̲ס죬񶼲ֱ䵽ϡĺЩ褻ڴˣǸˣڵǾࡣ
аٹ
ɵĵӣĺ綼ûʲôɫģƫƫ褣ԼǵҪɫˡ
С
ĺӦһ䣬Ȼϸϸ褡һǳɫľװͷ߸˸β鶯־
ôֻҴʦ㣿
ˣε廪ʺһ
ǰŴȥô
廪껰ﻰ⣬뿪ˡ
ǣֻŵơ
廪ĬȻȻĺһͬĺҲѵõ褺һͬԷ
褼廪ײּۣ˿ףʱΪеۣͬʱҲ÷ǳΡǵԼʵǿһЩǾͲΪɳеôࡣ
ǵõ֮ڣι˺þúþãʧȥ˾һĻꡣ
褣˵û취ô
οǰǸײģŵԼ֮ˣԼ
ʦ㣬˵ʲô
ѾùãԵ㶫ʱȴƵ˵仰
ʱЦСȥѰаҽǰֱ廪ʱ褲׹
ºɥξͲˣԺ䣬Ȼдţõ͵аȥ
ֻǺöŶ˺Уĺ磬űס˼⡣
δ룬廪ϹˣЩοü
չһס
褴Լ̽һϾɵףһǲǹŹֵͷеõף
ǵõʱͷ죬ͷԸ͸
ĺӹһ˲䷢һץס褣ҸյõӦ
褶δӦ㱻ĺһˣ仹͸һ˿ɵĺ졣
廪겻̾˿ﰵԼҴʦҪ˵ҹۡˣźʦʦʦд黭һд͵úü죬ʣʦʦģ̫ѹˡ
һ飬Ҳѹ
գҵȥ£ܲܵңߣ
ʡ
ƾʲô
廪úЦȻ廪ȴԼĽޡ
֮ľ룬Ͳǵȴġ
ƾʲôֻϣԵң㡣
廪˽ϵ֣ǰҲ˵Ҫһͬġ
ĬȻ
ȷֵġ
廪ֻЦδȵСѲվ뿪ˡμæ׷ϣһֱظֱڣǿôһϹмлᱻ۸
ǣֻǡ
ֻʲôεȷǵ廪᲻ĵ᲻ʲôˣ廪ȷҪĵġ
ֻʲô
廪ѵõˣȻŲˣҪʲô뱻ôӣ뱻ôעô
ϹˣܣһԼ
ƾʲôƾʲôԼ
꣡
׷ȥס廪꣺㱻۸ҿ㣬㲻֪ǰ·ôߡ
廪ĬĬϢŵ᲻֪ôߣ֪ʲôᷢԼָô
ǻ꣬·û㣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
εۿһȦ˶յڱıԵ˽廪֣ûӦСɡ
ûңҲˣߵͦõģô
廪ε֣ǰߣ಻֪ҪȥηʵҲ·ˣŶԡ
һõΣֻڷаһƬһƬƬƴճԼ
꣬ô߹أ
һƬڰеĿ־뺦£˭أ
һ㶼á
ǰס廪֣һ㶼á
ɽ֮ϣƮѩʱλᷢΪΪ䣬֪Ϊʹ
ԼȥһˣǸ˸ǷܲıԼԼȴһ
һɽƮÿһ磬ÿһƬѩܴʹĵ׵˿ڡ
ԼСѩܰԼʱ⣬ºֻظ㲻á
ɻعͷΰһ˵
ֹǲá
Ͳá
л˵
һŶ


48 
, еһСլӾôȼգǼ˻𣬿ˮȻǰﲻʲôġ
Ϩ, ɲȥ˲飬ûҵƽǳլӵִʬ塣λִǸѸһסլżھӻк˳֪ǹѸһ֪ˡ
췢լһ, 򿪵Ҳŷִͷװֳֳôȥִ, мδףȻȥ
ڵѰһ, ḻϲŷǶϻõĳѨ֮ܲ, ݲݽ᰸֮δ
λصջʱ廪ĺˣƹ񣬲֪ǰŸճ, ˺žˣôȻΪ˦
ڸ޹, ֻȥǸɽׯ, չΡ
īɫıӰнԶ, ĺʣ֪顣
վԵ, Ȼ廪ꡣ
Σ䲻ʲôֻҪԭµġ
ǵҲǡ
ĺ廪תǲϲҿɰɱ
ȻĺҲ֪ԼܲܰɱˣԼ书δο͸Ǵмʤ㡣
Լĵط
ĺû˵ֻǰؿ廪ꡣ
᲻ãҲŷ᲻á
廪ΪԼϹˣˣ㲻ϲʵȴֻҪ֣ԼӿǰǺޣһһš
һѣԼ֮λȥġ
ȥǵǸɽׯ
ĺã֣ǵǸɽׯһַǳ
ã¡
£廪ƭĺ磬ȴƭԼ䲻֪һȥʲôط˽ΣĺĽ顣
һˣеĲڶɺϡ
**
Ǹɽׯλɽϣɽտɵ
һ·ϣ廪ĺһЩܵĴԣǱǶϻֶ涼٣ֵǵǸɽׯɺͶϵš
廪ƣκͽǻٴϢʱգǵĶô졣
ǰѾıã
ɽ
廪˵֮ͻȻһжˡԭ뽭ȥǣҪϻöǳ֣ѴӢӷֶ
ɱɵӲ˳֡
ٺκͽǳְѶϻõעȥٽֶһơ
Ҳ˵񽭶Ѿ֪ϻ֯ĵһΪϻãƯ
˳Ϸ
Ҳ˵˶ϻõϸѾ֮Уƿ񽭶˵һһ
ǽɱ˶ϻһֲ
ԭһֱҲʲô¶û
ĺϻۣȻܿôһ¡Ϊֻ˶Ů鳤Ƥģδһֺ廪꣬һ߽ɱϻá
ôֹѸլ𣬹ٸֲݲݽ᰸Ʊζ֣ŵĻ
ŮܹһӼôණ

һ˲δͣЪԼҲеһ
ѵǸɽׯڵ˫ǣǸɽׯĵھ¥˵Цڳ⣬֪ʿ߰񲻿ɵ
ǻ󣬱չȥˣδأ˶ǽĴСȥġ
ڸղţЩǸɽׯĵӻ˵С˵˴δͷɵĵӣ˵ܱ˹顣
Ǹ˱ϿӡΡ
Ф಻һˣĽ˶ǣȻСһСȴڶİĽУ书ƷɫһϾǽˣܴܱպ
ЩһСһϿӣ廪귳Ҫ뿪ʱȴС˵
ʱ廪ȻԼǲġ
˵Ͽ֮ǰˮһŮӾ壬ġ
ŮӣǸʲôˣ
˵ŮӰײۣܴܱаλ
ɱһĵǸ
ǡ
Ͽ㲻ǡħΪ飿
û˵аħ̣Ҳ˵˶Դʵ㲻ɡ
ǼǵһֱɲͷϿӣаλ֣ĪΪϿӣ
һﾪˣĪ
ϿӾĥ֮񱣡
СĽ˵ϲŮ֮£˵òֺ˵ζŮǱȶӸºһЩ
廪ֺһЩĺһֱԼףȻûз廪仯廪һ仰ҡ
عô£

ĺҲ֪ҴӺζ廪äĲäΣӴΣǿ
ĺգ಻֪λӦСľ綼ˣаʦü飬Ӵ٣ѿԼġ
ô˵ʲô˼
ĺҪһԼ
벻ʦҲкͿʱ򡣡
廪ĺ棬ʦֺʦһʦʲô顣
ĪҪˣ˵
廪˺ֻǵ͵͵ЦЦ˼Ƭ̣عӼˣΣ
˻һĺʱȻٿվȥɱˡ
ʦ㣬˵ġ
ĺһͷΪ廪˵Ҫ޸ˣû塮ǡ֡ĺЩεĬ˼ϢŵԭҶĸô
ǰʦʦְֽ̹ˣȻû
ǡҵȤ
һʱĺֻͷۣΪǸʱû취жȥµġ
廪Ϊĺĳٶ۵ǡ
ڴʱ¥´һɧԭһǰţ˵ԵȺǸɽׯ뿴ȥϿӵɽׯˣȥ
αˣȥﶼ䶯Ϊıһա
Լĳ뽭ʱǶλϿʶڶѡȥݡֻǵʱɴ棬ײ
ˡ
ȥô
ô
廪ʶԼǰİײĺֵ֣ŤŤģ֪ȥߡ
ĺ廪һͬ뿪
ڵǸɽׯܾͣͷһЩС˶ȥ䡣
Ҳ֤˵Ǹɽׯӵʵǲη롣
һͬ˵Ǹɽׯɴĺٺ廪ݹۣǲŽȥ㱻Ǹɽׯĵӽš
ǸɽׯͥԺɹιۣǵϢĵط˲롣
һֱôһж߲
ĺۿĵӣֵҪ£ˣܰСڣ
ǵ˺ðһ亹ȻתȥȥԼղŵĻ˵ܹµˡ
ΪҪŻ
廪棬Ҳ֪ĺôͻȻ
ûʲô
ĺ˵꣬褵߻ˣƾζ廪жǸӡ
ԭˡ
л˵



49 
аٹ, Ҳڴˡ
褵ͦĵģ廪һ͵ЦЦĺԴ׶֪
ĺֻһ, תͷߣҲ˲廪ꡣ廪Цˣԭأֻо׷ȥ
ǸҲ褣ȴ廪סλӡ
ͣסȻź֪س廪ҾãµǸɽׯ͡
ƹӣ»ۼ, ʦҪ֪ɷƹӴΪ·
ŤͷûӰ褣Щʧ, ȻǿԵģ롣
ˡ
ʹҲ֪廪ݵ, 廪, ⲻЩţ廪˵ʱҲĿİģ廪겢δ
ƹţĪǺаݣ
ʵ´δа˴, ʵʧ񡣡
ĨĨϵĺ廪Ȼ, Ҳܸо͵ľִ١͵Ҳ, ľظԼ·, Լǰʲô, Ȼ˵ЩͣҲ㾡
ǵˣΣ
ֹǶϻãȻǵһħ̣ͻ֮ĶԹȴ޷ġ
ʦ˵ˣҲԳ֣˽ǰǡ
廪㶣벻ϻ֮ˡ
Ǹʦ
µһţɲ䡣
Դνֺ֯⽭ƺҲЩҲ˵ģһ󲿷ɶаǴƫ
ɱһ֮һ·ٶĿ⣬ֻЩûֻҿҴ
廪껹ͦͣѵƷӣ䡣
˵ʦаǰЩԨԴ
ŶǺԨԴ
廪Ȥ
ʦаǰָ˼УҲǵҵ֮
⵹δʦ
Ҳǣֹ֮⣬ٹҲٻ˵ǰ£ʱ˻˵һЩȻδٹŵУҲص
ԭˡ
ԭˣĪЩӶδǳ֣Ҳǽⲻа֮˳ֵġ
˺һȻһϮдǵ̴ľ㣬廪껹δӦѾһס
ƹӣһԴһ
һˣʶһ֣Ȼ󼱼ȥõģͷϿˡ
˴ܶʱܲ㲻Ὺڣۻ˵ˡ
ֱ췽ҹ̷
ѵԾģ
֪ϲӣΪһˣδǺܶ˲෹Ļ⡣Ȼ;ҲţҲӲԵֻۣδλаСԨԴ
𽵹Һεºܣ
廪Цһ
￴סһŮӵ֣ĿţЩͷӶ
ȻԸٶۣȴҲܸо֮ġѰת뿪֮ڡ
û˵ֻǽץס廪󣬵ҪȥԿ
ˣڴ˵ʦ㡣
廪û£ʣǽ˵úô
Ȼû˵ˣֻ˵ǱչأǶϻ֣ҲõƤ
ãһʱá
֪廪˾Ϊ˲ι۵Ǹɽׯǿ˳Σո֡
ǻѶϻõƳ
廪ȷ֪ǽҪʲôźôֻ֣û뵽ξǶ˼˵˳
ţңͲ;ʹӣǹܴɣ
£㲻ᡣ
Ҫ˵Ǻ˽Ƶġ
廪ΣԼ͸ˣԼȴַϲˡ
û˵ڴʱĺѾˣ廪ĺһͬ뿪˵Ǹɽׯ
廪鲻̫ãûĺˣشĺᵽ褵ζ
йܵĽӴŻմϵζ
ӵǣ
ԼĴʦҲǸľͷ
صջ廪΢ЩˣʣΣع˵ˣ
ֱӰˡ
廪꣺
ĺ磬˵¡
λӦģ
ˡ
廪꣺
úõһôˣʦĲʡһô
Ȼ廪ǲ˵ģ˵ĺҲģ˵褾ϲֱӵģ
˽˵Եģ廪׼ĺྡ
ʲôʱ͵عӵĵģ
ҿɲ֪ȵȣ˵Ҳϲң
ղĺ绹ͦ˵ģΪԼѾùԣҪ˵ˣǸһŵˡ
Ϊ褱ᱡˣһŭ֮²ܵġ
ĲäףϲƲʲô׵֮ɣ
Ǽʮǰ͢ʦףѾʧ꣬û뵽
ˣҲ˵ס
廪ֹĺ磬˵ȥҲ֪Ҫ˵ղܹˡ
ܰѵ֮õʱ̴׼㣬⻹˵ô
廪ۣϹˣһĺһۡ
ĺû˵Ĭ˰κٿվҳȥһˡ
Ҳû廪⣬Ͼĺ˵Ƿ˵ˣظϹȥ֮С
ĺһߣ廪ȻЩįįʱϲ˼롣
ҲΪԼ۾Ϲˡ
ңԼԸӦҸ˳췭ظŶԡȴԼǻ谵ķ˸ذȻǰĻ谵ػһƬڰ
ʦ˵ΪԼСʦԼȥ֮ǰ۾ܹˣԲŻ
ΪԼϧ壬ʦʦ˺óʱ䣬ҲǴʱġ
ǰΪҪôͷԼأ
廪ѱĲ󣬲Ÿվо˵ǰһ˷ǳʵζ
˫ٳڣۼﲻ㣬Ҫĳ·
ء
廪һڻؾȴûҪÿ˼ЦЦĴӦʶǸɽׯĴ˼Ұɣ
廪괩һĳۣʱЩ˼ҵСķΡʱĺȰ˵Щη㣬廪껹ŴԿ¶еһΡ
Ϣ¿ΪͨļҶ̡
廪Цһջ˽ڱ* ԣȻѵΣȴԼٳء
Ҫұȫ㡣
廪˵꣬ɳŵߵϳȥ뿰£ȴ̴˽棬ϴںˣŶסڴ
̫ˣȻһʰ
˫ǵھǣȻǻУĶȻ˵ıǮɲ볯͢ͻȻڼƽϣҲ档
ϧˣ
ٳߣ
ҲǾңߡڱô۾ţһ֮ǳ˫ǵЦ
ɲߣӲͷƤŭǸ£
廪ЦһһӣȻӿֱ֣ˣӵܸǵڵϷ
ңҿ˫Ķӣ㲻ɱң
ڸоɱ⣬ڿջûӰˣһЩӵֻڽͼ
ǻʵ۵ĶӣҲɱ㣡
л˵



50 
ǻʵ۵Ķ, Ҳɱ㣡
廪һҪɱȥȴһ͵ֹ겻, ˲١
廪Ϥ˼Ƭ̺󣬲˭ʱ˶ˣ
ʸ֪΢һɫװβ߸Ȱź촽Цһ򶼺ܰ¡
ڻʸ֪΢ԵĸЩɻ󣬿廪ֿ꣬ʸ֪΢ôǵüλ۵Ĵˣ
, ңҶƴʡȥһЩ鷳
ִҪɱأ
廪ɱӿ, ʸ֪΢üò, ϧؿǰİײ, ̾˿޷ɱ˱ɱˣ鷳аֲҡ
аʸ֪΢ƻ, Ȼаߡ
аҲǾ»Ȩ֮ô, δء
һʱ֮ǲôҪ, Ҫˡ
ʸ֪΢Ȱһ, 廪ջǷ, ȻջصԼϡ
УԽ㣬ɽǲ⣬ұȥš
廪һȻ¥ȥӹʸ֪΢ԣİɣ⡣
ʸ֪΢˵䵽ϣѾվҪԼ㱻ʸ֪΢
󵨣ֻҪλлǸң
廪¥֮ʱ˵仰г嶯ɱʹ죬ѴӦ˻ʸ֪΢㲻ᷴڡ
Ȼ⣬һĺһȥɱƬײ
ԲģҲĪô
ʸ֪΢վһ߽ڣǸԣڻʸ֪΢һ
Ҫס˭ס˭
ʸ֪΢۾ȻҪ˭˭
ʶ˸ԼģתҪߣȴſţ͵˵ϡ
˭
ڱŵױûţŵףʸ֪΢ֻЦЦ֪ˡ
ʸ֪΢ʾߣڼ״թЦЦΪʸ֪΢ҲԼӵʱҪԼĸҪЩŮ˶ץ
ׯô
ҲΪҪڣǲҲΪ˽ѵڲ
ģͰźˣտϷɡ
á
գŻʸ֪΢ֶ˼ֳݡӦɽׯҲΪûʸ֪΢ͬԣûʲôɵġ
ദҲȷ縵һֻҪʸ֪΢ûʲôɵġ
Żʸ֪΢Ҳˡ
գ˫ӭ˴죬Ϊ¸̰ҲƱ乫Ҿ쾭һһŲ飬նؽ˫
ڣǿŮգϱ˼򷴿Уʬױνʾڡ
廪ڿջϢʱֻģû뵽ʸ֪΢䣬ʡġ
ðɣʼĹˣҲûԼôᡣ
һʱ䣬˫Ǿͻ˳ǾǵĹΡΪεúܿ죬˫ûгʲôڴϴʮָɾ䡣
ȤҲѵѹסԼƢ
廪˵ȥĺҲλ蹫
ʱ⣬ǳıѾãεĳƱˡ
廪뵽Ȼ־ԼһǱ˸˳ˮ顣
ǸܴŮˡ
ĺܹڳϷƸĶǳˣλ蹫ˣǳܹġ
廪ͬĺ˵Ļʸ֪΢ȷˮߣ
˵ôŻǡ
ʲô
ĺ粻廪Ҫʵʲô
ˣûʲô
ӣӦҲûʲôСӿõ¡
θ˺εˣ褵ѰҽҩæŻ
ĺ廪εɫȻ˱䣬ǵЦⶼȥ
Ǹεˣһֱں֣ϵصǸ
ĺʵ棬廪󣬺촽һȻʮֵǡ
Ҿ֪СʦûϲǸΡ
Сʦãȥаε£Ѿô
Ƿ£ôأ
Ų£Ƕʱ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪҪͬС
ΪΣ
ҡ
廪겻ʵֻҪ΢룬֪εΪҪԼͬУʵҲһֱڸԼ
Լ
ҪԼͬȥӿһЩҪսҲҪԼȥֿһЩ鷳սҪõԼ
Ҳֲñˣ˭Լϣͷεضأ
ֻ˵ɱıüƻ
һʼѾǵĿܽĺȻ˺ܿ£ҲΪԼСʦˡ
ͲðѰҽģֱɱʹǡ
ĺһ߿廪ȴһĬĬƺѾƲʲôһ
ʵղô˵жĳɷ֣Ҫ뵽ôܹˡ
뵽һôǰԼıüƻô
Ϊλε
ˣһΪ㲻ˡ
ĺ˶٣ƺ̫ƣ֮֮ǰҲˣԲŻε
ʲô
Ҷ֪ϰ֮岻ôѾòŻˡ
廪û˵иξȡȣһָȥһ¡
**
ׯǻô
ʱҵԿջſڴ廪漴λˡ
ļ́ۿȥΪ׵ŮӴŻɫװЦӯӯ˵ģһ˫͸źǲĵĺ
ĺһݣֱŮ˾ԲɳΪˡ
ʸ֪΢ֻҵͷԣ
˵꣬㳯廪ĺȥǿ廪һۣȻֳĺ翴ȥĿڱסĽϡ
֪΢֪﷼
ա
ĺֻǵػӦһ䣬ʸ֪΢Ц٣õÿɻϰߣ
ĺתͷ廪һֻۣЦЦͦá
Ǳá
ʸ֪΢˵һĺ鲻Լ£ĺʾ븵һͬ¡
ΣҶԴϼ֮£ɻ⣿
˻һӦĪڸңٿվ죬ȵ˵
λʶλ
ң֮ǰΪһЩԭݣ
㣬㡭
ôϹˡĸʼû˵ڣĿİʣΪβϡ
˺þãʸ֪΢Ϊθ˻졣
ӣϵĺʱ
廪˵ֵ֪΢ȻǴġ
á
ʸ֪΢û廪۾£˵һ£λ֪Զ
֪Σ
廪֪ŮڵԶֻû뵽Ȼƶᡣ
Ƕλ֪̫
廪û˵ĺ״񹦣˭֪
չ˵öԣ˵ﱻϻõǱ̫ˡ
˻һ廪ĺһĬ廪˼ƽϡ
ҲΪ˵ԭ
Ϊֻ̫ܸ̫ˡ
л˵



51 
Ϣͨ
廪Цһ, Ҳ֪ʸ֪΢ϢԴҲſڴƻơ
ʧ߽, ֶλеġ
廪գֻЦڻʸ֪΢ֻ߽߳ơ
廪Ȼ˰¥ܵͨϢģ˰¥ʲô
ǣǺ⣿
ɲΪʸ֪΢Ե޹ʸЩ˶Ļˮɶˡ
㾯裬ֻǸѡ
ʸ֪΢˵õȻ, ֵһ񹦴ɣϻõĿ겻ֹɣǺа
廪, üͷǵȷǸв
ֻ, Ƕϻõ¶, ʲôŮ֪ڰҪηǡ
Ȼ廪ϰа۹Ѿɣֻ϶ϻϺ꣬Ҳѡ
Ϊ, ưô
ĺ粻һΪҪгưưǸҰģңڵĲô, Ҫ²Ÿġ
֪, ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ʸ֪΢ҡҡͷ, Ҳʮַյӡ
廪˶Ĭ, 㿪ڰԼɻ˳¥ʲôϵ
˻һʸ֪΢ü俪һЦ⣺Ϊдһʣ
ϢͨĲǰ¥ô
ʸ֪΢Ц廪ȤûеģĸоԼЩ¡
Ŷ
ʸ֪΢û˵廪ֻһûʣ
󣬻ʸ֪΢Ҳû븵һͬ뿪ˡ뿪ջʣׯ۾ôˣ
֮ǰϿӵֶϿģǷʲôìܡ
ʸ֪΢óȣЦƲ֪Ͽ˭ɣ
ô
Σǽɪ
ң
ҸоԼסˣԼǲ̫񾭴ˣȻû
ǵǰɽϿһŭɱô
ѵ
ԣˡ
**
ǰ׳ƮǺĹײľͰڷԼǰŵԼʦ
վڹײԣŷ绪ɣȴʧȥѪɫˣ΢΢£֪Ϊ˵
ˡ
ǵģʦǸˣʼնǡ
ͽϲˡ
廪꣬
ǵõʱºһʼǾȣʧȴһȻ
ºʲôû˵ֻסԼ֣ر۾
СκõϿɣ书Ʒԣֻ֮ˡ
ºס֣ʲô˼ȴһб£СʱһѩǺе֫Ӵºְκһ仰ݡ
һ仰û˵ȴУǺ޵ģԸ˵ԼһãҲԼ󲻱һ
ʦ㣡
褴˽ϻδɵۣƣϳ˽ƣɽµĵӴŻ˵Ϊף˵аħΪ飬׼ַ㣡
αѽӲ˶ƺôȣ֪ˡ
ʦ㣬ɴ˲֮ԩ仹ʦϣ
νץסײĵıأ˯ð꣬Ҳ뱻Щ´ˡ
ôûµģȳȥ
á
褼ɫ԰ףƺԸ˵ֻ˳á
ʦ֮ҵûվøô
䣬ָξ
ʦ˵öԣҲá
λʧȥһϮذ׵ɥ£ΧֻƮİ׳һƬž
ʦҲʧȥ
˭Ⱦң
δجоѣץסӣʶ˵֡
ۣǿջĴ齣¹Ӵ͸룬һ迾õС¯ӡ
յҹ˵ļֺ
Σһʱʲô飿
ǣƵԷڵĽ䴫ٿԴ𣬿ǻ谵Ľ䣬¹⣬˵һϮ¡
С񡭡
û廪ǧΣˣˡ
廪ǰȥӰ¹ԽԽǴûһ
𣿡
κΣδйĺ£ݶԼԶȥ
廪ӺƹȻεĴߡδ˵꣬αͦס廪꣬ȴֹסı
Ϊ䣬Ϊʹ
Ⱦҡ
ȾңҪѡ
廪Ҳ֪ԼΪҪԼӦʱѾվˡĺ确⡯͸¶ڣԼôᡭ
廪껺֣εıϣĺȻ޲ýס
һʱʲô飿
廪귽ˣҲѾõ˴𰸡
Ⱦҡ
Ⱦҡ
ֱһ̲Ŷ
Σ¿ʼɡ
ܹ˺޷Ĩƽ಻׽סЩ˿ȥ˺ΣΪҲ˿ڡ
ֻβԸ˵ڱ
С񣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
ν廪꣬²Щǰ˾ͻữ̶С
廪ܸоԼᣬȵҺʪԼ½עʱѹסС
һ˲䣬廪ԼˣҪԼ
ҪָоӦõģǴʱ˿̣廪껹ǸоԼЩۡ
ˡ
Σҡ
廪εĴȵʱĲסˡ
ᣬһ䵽İϣİҡҡλΣ׹֮ʣۡ
ˡ
ο廪ǰİײ̲סȥģŪƵġ
۽Ử£һ޼Լ
㵱ʱǲǺܺ£
βԴк廪һԼʹ౻ˣǵʱһʧʹ඼ˡ
˵仰ס
£ˣΪʲôˡ
Ϊİ书˫ڰ׷ûˣԼΪһˣԼδ̽
ѧλκһ˿紵ݶȱΪ̫¡
ᣬôᣬôᣬܺá
廪̫±廪һƿ
Σֻһ⡣
ʡ
һʼûɱ
ûУûС
δδºϮҲûԼҪɱ廪ܱסɡ
ã㡣
廪˶٣ֵƭңǱˡ
Ҳƭ㡣
˵󣬾󱯴ϲӿһ𣬾̲ס³һѪ
廪ܿŵѪζ󾪣ôˣ
ûʲôֻ֮ǰδȬ³һѪЩ
һסϢŵС¡
廪ĬȻɿΡס廪䣬ʵҪȥ
ʦ㡣
㡣
ʱβŻɿ֣廪ߵſʱŵΣ¿ʼ
εĺݺݵؾһ¡
á
ڴĿ廪뿪ֱźջЦⲻԾڴӿ
Ƕʱʹ뺦¶ڴ˿̵õ˰οסԼֻεƺҲɿȡ
ܺˡ
л˵

ʵϺϿǸʱжʹ࣬


52 
˫ƮСѩ, δȥЩѾյĳЩ˵Ŀϡ
գ廪˸, ĺ¥ԷҲȻ鲻
ȥ֮ˣǰɱˣǺͽˣ
廪㶣ЩΣô֪ȥѰ
ģȥѰ, ѵϾȥ
ĺһͿˡӣ廪걾ҲûţȥѰ, Ҿ˴һᡣ
Ϊ㻹ҪŤܾء
ĺ廪һۣȴֻЦ, ˺Ҳ°ˡ
廪֮һֱ, Ҫʲô̶ȣҪζԴΣܸƽԼʹ
˺Ҫãܾòٺޡ
֣ÿһ, ÿһ˺ȴֻе˿ڼ, Ϊİ޸ֲ
˺ܵõ, ֻԼʹࡣ
廪ͨ, ټȥ, ֻܾˣµģͲֹؿǸ˿ˡ
磬廪ĺͷһм󣬱㿴ڿջͷǡһֱ˫Ǹɼҩֻĺǵýղ廪껻ҩ֮ա
ôˣ
ĺʡ
ôˣôҹ˷˵˫ˡ
黹Ǵģһ翴ŷŵţʰˡڿ廪ϢҲ˵ӡ
ĺ磺
ĺʱ׹ô£ֻû뵽廪ˣôƶӦΣ
ʦ㣬֮˲ңΡ
һˣԼҩҪߣΣ
廪ĹϣԼκʲôˣȻŸˣ
ΣΣ
ʦ㣬Ѱܾϲ
鱾ؾҪߣ廪仰ͣŤͷ廪꣬Ѿͷڴʲô⣿
ʲô˼
ֻȥ֪ˡ
飺
ĺһ͵Ц廪ǰסˡ
УҾȥûʲôرģҵһ
廪ʼû⡣
ŭسƿջȥĺ廪
ջ䣬Ҳֱƿţͷڴߣվߵ褺һС
׼ΰҪѵ⣬ȴһĿŵò˵

Ҳ˲εƣϱԼҩ뿪ˡ
аҽǡ
褻Ǹ˵仰һʣȻ鲻ãҲûдֱߵ㣬ҰѰҵҪʲôر𡣡
㶣廪ֻ꣬û֡
˫ָεϣһʼһٿصɴ۾ٿ˿Ρ
аؼ̽̽ɿ˿ڣԲͬĹȻܹںϣҡ˾Ȼ޸
β֪£ɻʣʲô޸
ߣ˺صҪǹס㣬ˡ
һۣȻ̽һΣʲôȻãʦа۹ǲǶҪʰ·ˡ
ܣôܡ
˵ͣˣǹȷ޸ƣֻ޸֮һֱѹǹƲŻһֱòȫ
ãҿ㣬Ҫ㡣
鿴һۣó֮˶ȥ峡֮ʣǲɵĹʲô
ι褣ڵһֹȫһ㣵ġ
̫
**
Ϊ廪껻ҩʱҲ쵽ˣ˳ˡò˵ҽʵǸѾεκˡ
ллаҽ
ΰѺҩźãȻʰҩ鹰Ҿ
ҪллǸѾͷԩҡ
ǿˣ廪ںˡȻ廪겻Σÿû˵Ǻؿˡ
аҽʻ۾ôˣ
Ρ
˵۾Ѿҵ취ˡ
ЩѰҩǻӣѰҩֻҪоҩЧģ϶廪ؼ
ǡ̫ˡ
οƵѹסԼԼ̫ð顣
ҲСЩ
䣬ʱ˾棺аԲŹ㡣
Ҳ
˵
˵꣬ҩˣøȥ廪۾ʱ鲻̾粻ûд
صջµҩɾİײУȻһ̼۾ΧѨȻεҩеʹ̡
á
廪Ӧº鶯֡
˵ʵеʹʮʹ廪ץסԼϵüͷҧزסʹ⡣
ʦ㡭ʲôʱѧƭˣ
廪֣̲סҧгݵ˵һ仰
ģ֪ʹҵĺˡ
ЦһԵĺҲûֹֻûؿһۡ
ˣ㰮֡
廪ҩ뿪ˣ˵Ҫȥɼҩֻ廪֪ǲɼʲôҩԼΪҩȥȸղĻʹ
ʹάһҵɢˣ˵ҩЧܺãպῴһɹ
廪ȻؽֽЩһϰ˺ڰȥһ
۾ĴʹЩ֮廪źĺһͬ¥ϱи˵ײײܵջδص˫⣬棬иŮɱˣ̫ˣ
Ůˣ
ʱĵĵǸɽׯӰ˷𣬼ʵ
֪ˣܽˣÿ£ɱ̶ӵˣִˣ
ǸɽׯŮ˵ֻһ˵֪̫ˣʲʲôõϢ
Ǹɽׯ˻뿪Ҳв˸˳ȥҪȥֵġ
Ůˣ⽭ƺԽԽȤˡ
廪ЦЦȻдֵ˼ֻȻʱ򡣸ڵǸɽׯƤӵɱˣ˵书ȻδԷϸ֮ǰóȻж
ǰһһʱ˹ȥڡ
ԼǰİײԴϹ֮˿Գ嶯µʱˡ
Ҳ֪ĶķŮˣʶһ¡
ĺȻҲǺģֻô˹ȥˣԼûôȥˡ
ǷŮб£ȥʮ֮˾Ŷûʲô£ȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
ˣųʮǸɽׯĵӱɱСˣһЩڳ⣬ִ֡
˵ʱˣڵǸɽׯĴʬ壬Ǹɽ* ׯԴһƬƲ
ǸŮûнǣƺһֱǻɱ˲̶ӺͰգ˫ǡ
ʸ֪΢ڳУŵ˵ĹҲɱһȥ˵Ǹɽׯ
ֻǵ˶׼ԸǸ˵ʱȴʧˡ
Ȼû˵廪ٴеģµ˵ݡ
ϻ
л˵

֮ǰаҽβΣΣ
аҽаҽԶţô


53 
ϻڴ, 廪ǵڸҩ飬鰲ȫ˵Լҩʱ¡
ԭǸŮɱ˵ʱ, ڸҩһЩ²ȤûдҲûֹ
ǸŮ˷飬ȴûж֣֪аģֻԼٹ˵һллˡ
廪˵ģΪʲôλϻҪԼʦ˵ллô£
ǲʶʦ, û˵ˡ
Լҩ׼廪껻ҩֵҿ, ϢԵоЩ߻ħļ, Ҳ
˵ú, ɫȴٿһף˲䲻˵
İɣ̫֮ܲȻ̫ˣŻ߻ħļ󡣡
㡭ԽԽܿˡ
廪ǰİײժ, Ȼۿ
廪껺ۣطǰһƬ, ɵһƬ, ܿЩӰڻζ
⡭
廪ܾϲ, Ȼַŵǰ˿, ֻʵӰӣҡܿһЩˡ
ţҵƵҩ
˵ʲôȴֻԭأ廪㵸ģ߳Щˮ
ٰ°ɣӦþܿˡ
˵ָ廪껻һҩԡĪҪҰײȡ¡
֪ˡ
ĺȻҲΪ廪ˣոˣͺȵСˣ
У
廪һӦ£ŵģʣаҽǶϻǺģ
ʹǵʱϮʱҹҴһҹ£
ױϣһͷ
ʲôʲô
ε΢΢һͨͨܵģѾˡ
޻ɫġ
Ǻɫ޻˲䰲
ĪʲôԨԴɣ
ûС
һֵסҵĻѧͷԽѹԽǲɿأΪڶŮӡ
˵꣬ҩ뿪ˡ
λȥ䣬ĺͷοһۣĺ漴ҿɲ㲻ʶȤ
˵꣬ˡ
ЦЦȻ˽ȥ廪ڵ衣
оô
μղҩȥʱ廪һҧгݵģʹ
Щˣôˡ
廪ҪסΣȴָֻξ漴ְ廪ǣסڡ
ģں庢ӣ廪Īá
λϻҪǸɽׯ
Ůû¸ɱһڵǸɽׯĵؽ磬ǱζԶ
ţе㵣µʦá
֪ϻ˱󣬱ɣڵӽ䱸ÿնţҲ⣬΢Щ
Ҫȥɽ
룬ǡ
һȥɡ
ģ
мٵģ
廪ЦЦƺЦεĻûʧ֮ȴһۡ
Ƕûʧ
ٴɽ廪µģǿܵģһԶ޷һͻ
λǵĵģµ˲ֹ廪꣬
û֪񽣵ʱжѣ廪ƤĸоجΣҹҹ
ǶҪһȥε˺
ȵƣþδȹˡ
廪ΪԼǣǼǵúһκȾƱˡǵԼʲô⣬Ǹʱ廪ĺ
˵ȥֶ˿ڡ
ж˵ʲôô
廪ûлյ£һؼëһƬºйԻ
ҷ褳Ϊš
廪겢ûоȣºɵεȻǲӹ֮λ
ҴӦˣԭ֮λҲء
ζ˶٣ֻǺƸӣ褾ԼѵΣһʦ֮λֻΥӦʦ¡
˵Ƕʱ£ɾûأȥ಻֪Լô߹ġ
ѾƮˣֻڶ
һ֮㡣
廪һδλº¡
ȫ綼Բͬңõʦһ˵ͬ
˵ʲô
ʲôҲû˵ֻסҵְȥ
λǵǸ棬ºжʲôص³һȻ󻺻۾
廪ܿһܿۿͨ죬۵ᡣ
廪û˵֪ǸӴ˵жҲվ䳡ʱ侲ÿµ¶ĳҪľġ
࿪ԼѪ⣬һ
ɽһ˰ɡ
ȥһȥʽһ
**
˫ζ֮θ֪뷨󣬽Ҳûֻ·Сġ
Ϊ廪۾ؼʱ̣ĺҲϣ䵥óʲô⡣
ֻû뵽Ƕʱ򣬻ˡ
һµĻŮӰںߣֵϴϵĺɫۼĨȥ
ĺ״üͷһϰִӺóøɾ˿ɾ
μҲմѪ̲ס֪ɱʲôˣôһ㶯
λа֮ˣ
Ů̧ͷǣ㲻ϼüԴһаӢкɫ޻һͷ˹Ŀ
Σ
ĺǵĴʦ㣬ǵһվ˳
Ȼ˲š
˼߽ſεòɫ󾪣ʵǺˣ
׷ɱΣȴ֪˭ô
Ƕ˼ûкɫֹ׷ɱԼɱͬ޳ʹɱԼʦ
̫δɣһɱ
ǡϿӣ
˼ɫɷףεĿ߽ȴΰνĶ
ǡ
ξ˼ر֣Լʱر𼤶ĺۿΪŲ԰׵ɫ
ôᡭ
˼߽һ廪ϵ
ڴҶ֪˼ǵԶ൳һǵԶͽ廪˼СʱΡ
ϵãȻϵá
˼߽ϵϲȴסһҪʲôġ
ǵԶͽ
廪˼ɫ䣬˲ǲúܶˣʼǲˡ
Զȷͽ׼ȷ˵ļϸ
˼ЦһʲôЦһĽǵ꺦Զеĺɱͽ
˵
λһȴ˼Ǵͽܣ֮ˣû뵽зˣԼĽҲˣ
˼˵˵ţɫЦȴֱ
룬صĻͦġ
̲סһ䣬ֵֵ壬ҲͦҪġ
˼΢΢̧֣¶Ϻɫ޻һʵǺˣ
Ľ
˼̤ǰһΣ㻹ǵãӦǵõ껹һ˼̡
Ϊλ˿֮λ֪֮˶֪ǱԶ꣬һƷԶŻд
ôᡭ
Сɷף廪ǣס֣ͻڵϡ
鿪
л˵

˼ʽ


54 
ǱԶ, ΪͽܣԶɱҲΪͽ
ôԼ̫֮, ֪ˣΪβԼ֣
ǺԼ׵ô
һ֮ʣ
ԼǣЩദ֮ߣӲɱ޹Ҳͽ̰ǡ
ΪԼºڹ, Զԩо
˼ЦƺϲЦÿÿЦŶܱˡ
ι, ɱˣʲôĿģ
廪ʵ
С, Լ²¡
˼ؿһ, Цݣ֪֮ܽһܰο
˵꣬תȥͷ۵Ļҫ֮ԵôۣһЦһ, һ޷̽¡
㼴ĽΪûлס
, ˼סŲ, ͵͵Цǰ, Ϊأ
Ϊأ
˼̧ͷ, ҲҲƬ
Ҳʧȥɫʡ
ûĲڶûԶ֮¾Ȼôһ¡
λпڽԱĴǺԶ±ɱô
Ҿ˵ʲôö
һȻǰͷƺ
һҪ
˵꣬һ֧ʸһ˳ȥҪ׷˼廪걾ȥȴĺס
һռ䡣
ȻĺԸܳٶۣǶһЩжϣǺġ
á
廪ҲûִҪ׷ȥֻҪҪһߵġ
εṦܶ࣬˼Ҳûм뿪ܿ㱻׷ˡ
ţһҪ㡣
ߵ˼ǰ˼һο˰βŵ㳤úĺ񡣡
˼Ҫ̧֣ȴüͷһַ¡
Ѿͷء
꣬ΪҪ޳ʹɱʦ𣿡
˻һ˼üЦ˭޳ʹɱʦ𣿡
Ҫ˵ɻֹסˡ˼ЦҲ⣬ʦǰиɱֵ
üͷһĬ˼ʼ磬ЦѾͷǸˣʦ𼵶𣬵᲻ɱֵô
û˵ԭֻһ
˵ˡ
β˼˵ȥ˼촽΢һԼĻҳɵĺôȥ׷ɱ㣬Ϊ¶˿Ѫ޳ʹȥûɱº
ޣҪлº
˼Σؿһۣȥֻһ仰
ΨϻȪӴ˼ɡ
˶Ц˼䱾ɣ֪еģеġ
**
һ·ɫãҲûʣֱһ廪һͬȥӱȡˮ廪ʳڡ
ȥʲô⼸һֱƲֵġ
廪ȻεĻٵÿ֪̾βġ
ɱʦһ¡
廪ںӱߣһ
ô
廪˵üĿʹڣ޳ʹɱʦˣǽ
廪ĬƺҲоеΡ
ʦ𼵶𣬵ȴδһֵ
廪Ĭ˴𰸡
Щ꣬зֽԾĵطô
ûУҺܺãøְ취ңҲ̻Һö
Խ˵ĵԽǷɱԼʦ֣ôԼĺΪΣ
ΪҪɱʦ𣬽ӽԼΪ˵õʲô
Ī̫
˵ʦָУҲ֪Ƿ֪Ϊˡ
ǽ֣ΪҪɱʦ𣿡
ζԽĳƺı䣬廪֪Ѿһľ
ֱңӦ뵱帽ɱйء
廪껹ǵõǸ˵ˣʲô˺ļҳǹƱ¥Ը֪¡
أʲôࣿ
Σһ߰ɣλʦȼˡ
飬оҽ¶ġ
˾ôͣͣԼĪ㵽ɽ廪վǳĽϣ紵Ȼһؿʹ
ʲôϵķ磬ϵζǶμȻ޿ײسԼ롣
δǸо廪Ϣ仯ν˽廪֣ĺĽŲ
һ죬ҪϢˣĺȻʲôû˵ЩƣҲǲϲ·ġ
ǰ䳡ĵӷ׷׿˹һʼʮֽ䱸ڼκ󣬴ҷ׷¶ϲЦݣž˹ȥ
ĺÿһνʦǰһ󣬲һһ廪ˡ
ǴаģɵĵӲɵö˷ֽ䱸ɼ廪յ֣ǶΪ𾪣ȴֲҶʡ
μʦͶĿ⣬Ҳţ֮ˡ
һ仰ñȥѰé޵ͣ½ŲŤͷȥʵҸղûɣ
ûС
ĺֻǹЦЦתķ
ڵӿΣһţɿǽյ֣ƺֲòš
δ˴ȥǣһŮӾ壬˵ĥ֮񱡣һʼеӶţԴ˵Ůӵ㿪ʼ˰Űˡ
׿ڳϣŵˡ
廪ЦЦ˽ε֣ô˵ĪһϹ䲻ţ
˻һ˵ʲôһ߳ʵɱһĵ֮ˣ
ǣִΣ
ʱֽŵɱúãɵĹʲôö
廪껹ΪǻȻ˵ʲôά֮°֮ĶԹ˵壬ǳ廪ϡ
ܿɰģĪҪ˹
廪Ϲ˵ʱ򣬶ʦҲ֪ﱧһֻһֻè顣꣬廪İһǴֵè
ãеƺСˡ
һʱҭҲ֪˵Щʲôο˿ڣ׼ЩͿշ⼸ǻס
õš
ȥ׼Ȼּʵ⼸տе˵Ϣ
ޣ밲ġ
ˣ˿ԸһЩ򵥵˺󣬱廪һͬˡʱĺ綼ڴУˣ̲ס쿴裬Ҫˡ
˵㻰Ҳڿ
󣬲Ϊ⣬ֻЦʦڶˡ
ֻǰס
ĺ˵󣬴ҶֻЦЦûзϡ
ϸͲˮıƢҲڻȥԼķ׼һš
ĺ磬ͷ˵褻˸ɳȥ廪Ȼ֪ȥʲô
ֱڣ廪һĸоγԼĹϵһжǰǸи
ʲô㣿
¥¥һˡ
廪һξȻܰѰ¥¥
Ҫô룿
廪굹ʶλ¥¥ܾˡ
ǵǱ͵ȥǸô
Ȼǵá
廪˵ʱ̲סЦǸܻģļɢȥ
ǰ¥¥Ĵӣ¥ҵｻȻ֪ô
廪꣺
ӣ˲òࡣ
л˵



55 
ԭ˼, Ըȥ³ѰǼɽãҲͻ, ʱҲøոպá
ֻǰ¥¥ʱͲȷˣֻǼ֪¥٣ıֻеȡ
紵ȣ廪ǰɫ°ڡ̧Լǰİײ·Ѿһҩ˵ģһλҩ, ָ֮ˡ
վΣθǰ÷öÿ廪Ҳһȡ
εòʱ, 뵽÷гͱϵ÷ֻԶ۲, Զߵ, ȴý޶ˣ˷ܲҪͱڣֻΪһ÷ʡ
֣
Զȥɼ䳡ɵĵӻҹ, 䲢ǿԵģǴҶʮԾ, , ֻҪɽûһµġ
ղӰ, ǵ֡
Ҳ̫, ʦǡ
ɫһ䣬ЩŵصĪ褷ʲô𣿡
ĪҪţ£Ǻ¡
һһǲˣں棺ʲô£
βòԼȷûйĵˣȻʲôδ
ûҴʦҲһô
廪֪Ǵˣôһ㣬ο϶ˡ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰףȻֺԥ͸ĺ磬褻Ứʱȥѧ١
£ʲôʱʼģ
̲סЦˣЩԼԼУֻҪеһɵû뵽Ǵôࡣ
ʲôʱ򿴶۵Ҳ֪ط֮˽չġ
ԭˡ
˵ֲԾЦЦЩǺõģʱǸһЩֵõˡ
ҵǺʲôȥѰѰ
᲻᲻ã
ʲôõģǾͿ
ֲ廪꣬Ȼǣ߱ɸ䣬ںɽСҵĺ褶ˡ
ĺǰһ٣褾ԣĺ˵˵棬ʱʱһңͷǽ١
˴˾廪겻òҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʦʱǸľͷҲ̵
Ҳ֪ĺʲôǣ߹ÿһ䣬ָǰɫĹ̡
Ȼܿܿˣ֪ķ羰ʲôӵġΪϹ˲׹ܶʱһķ羰ڲͬǲһĸо
廪λȥθ廪˵㣬ʵճԵö࣬˵㡣
廪Ѿŵ˹ζЦϲԵģôԣСô
żһ޷
廪һԣǰʱζϲ
ˣҲ֪ǰ¥¥ʱᵽ
廪ڴλ¥¥棬ϣЩٵٹ죬ժ°ײλ¥ˡ
֪λûģȵȡ
Ҳ֪ܽ࣬Ҳ֪ԼڸʲôദǸ˵Ŀʲô
Ϊʦδ˵ǺΪ
мµǲõȡ
ʲô
β⣬廪곯֣˹ȥҪȴ廪׼ȷסҴŹ䵽ԼĴϡ
ճ˹𻨸⡣
ֻҧһСڡ
廪˵Ц̾˿ȥɿƱüУȴѾõ
֮ǰΣȴʵˡ
廪괽΢ҲػӦػӦţֱԷֿ
˼У
廪ڸղŵҲѾεϡ
Ϊ˼ĺ롣
Ҳ̹ˣ˼Ҫ˵ֻ򵥵ĳ˼ĺ롣
˼ĺİ˼ĺĿǷ
廪סεôΧɵĵӡ
ǰ¡
κһͻȻ廪ʱȥ϶Ҫ٩Լһ
º
廪ЦЦ벻ȥǿڲģˣҲѧ˴̹ˡ
˵öԣ
廪˫ϹסεĲӣҵϡ
δ廪ᱧŷ˺ö࣬øȴƮƮģֹסһۡ
ذ廪ŵϣһΪıҹ
˵廪̧Լǰİײ廪Ҫֹ廪ȴڣ뿴㡣
δֹײ£廪΢΢ۣǰȻЩģȴҲѾܹµˡ
廪ḧεȵģģһжδ
ۣĪ
ˣһеĸйٶ޷Ŵȵǣˮĸ糱ˮһ⡣
꣬ε׶ʲôΪˡ
δ廪Ѿо𶥵ĸоƱƶˣÿһƶ֮ϣ䲻ʵ
ãԼڲ屻ᱧסѰһ֮ƮƮ
Ϊ
廪дŵЩ֮⣬ҲգֻΪ̫ˡ
ҹҹ룬ȴʱʱ̶̿Ҫơ
Ƶ޷Ƶıš

廪һͷεĻ´οԡ
һ㶣еļ¶ǵһĨЦ⡣
ţ´Ρ
**
պ廪ժ˰ײѾָӦ⡣֮ǰɴ¿ѾܿԷˣ˵ٹձȫָˡ
廪ָٶȺܿ죬ؼĸоʶ磬ÿһˣÿһ羰ƶµòһ
ˡ
εĵһۣ廪˵֡
Ҳǡ
ε
һЦһƮڻعƽ
պӭһλİĿˣһԺòŮӡ
ɣ
ŮӿڣСüͷԴʯϿŵġɡ֣ɬɬڵǵģλǡ
Ұģѽ˺óһ·ˡ
ģĪǱնڵȵİ¥¥
˵¥¥Ǹӣ񡭡ĸݣ
·
СߴŮ˽ȥʱŮ˵ϢСӵָһ¥˰ɣ
˻һСϾŮʶԼ˵ʲôϵѽ㿴⻵ëǶ졣
Сӱ⣬һס̫ˣвʹʱ򡣡
׵ġ
Сȷϴ˱ǰ¥¥ˣֻԺģ߼ˤĺѰµһ鱨¥ϵһ
С߰˴󣬱ȥΡ
˰̣βŴ廪һͬǰŮһЦλѾͺˡ
μŮˣȻϴμǸˣܰϳ˵Ǹı䲻˵ġ
˵* Ǵ˴
¥һаã
ðã̫ˣûüݡ
˵Լǿɱ˵ȥȻ⽭ǻ첻ȥˡ
ԭ¥¥Ůӡ
廪
ΰСǲȥ󣬻ŹһƣЦʵʲô£
ǰ
廪Ȼߵ̸ǰһۣû书
~ֶζǣֲֹֻ书һ;
ҡҡͷƺ˵廪̫ᡣʵϰ̿Ҳֻʮңûڹӳ֣òӦʵŶԡ
ˣҲ˵ס
ҡ
廪һ仰˵о˵ҲûԼȷǸա
ǰԹ˴ʵһ¡
л˵

̣û뵽ɣҵĳף
Сߣɵӣ


56 
ǰ, Թ˴ʵһ¡
ɫһ΢΢̾˿, ֪鲻򵥡û뵽ҴҸ¶޵ģȻǵθںõĿ
ǶѾ֪ôˣ
̱һƸƹȥκ廪궼Ǵˣᱻܿˡ
ǣ¥֪
˵󣬰ЩȻһڣǼ֪Σ˵Ҫô
Ҫ, ֪귢ʲô£˭ɱҵף˭ɱҵʦ𡣡
̺ÿü΢΢, ̧ۿǾǿģĬϢ, 廪˺˼¼ļҳ, ΪΣ
һһ伦ŵ¹ڲңֱֺֻ֪øҡ
˵ɣȥˡ
˵廪һ䡮ûġ֮, εԶһ£Ƿ񽭳Ϊ
һ, ̾˿סˡ
Ƕ°, ˵
˵, һΪ, ˵ݵģ廪ĸˡ
廪ζº󣬰̲ŵұȴӵԶ֮˵ɡ
ҵõ鱨У˼ȻѾѽ֮¸ǡ
λͷŵ꣬Űԣ޼ƿʩֻһ˹ȥԶϸԱԺܹӦϣһٰ⵹Զ
ȵȣȥأԶ֮ϣǱŰ֮ˣ
廪һֱڻ뵱صľ̸оǴ֮ˣΪ˿УʮĴħͷˣ
Ǽ֮ǱŰˡ
Ǽ£
廪Ἣ˰ӣֲ̫°˱ƼˣͲ˵ˡ
Ƕ֪и㣬࣬ʱɷ㣬ˣ˶Ҳˡ
֪䣬չ˷ıȴ֪صĴͽеһ塣
ֺһڲ裬һܵģʮܸ˵µĹ̡
ʱʼͳֹУǿ̫ҲβԸ޼ɵ
̶˶٣ɽ֮սѡԼսλ֣ҲΪΪȥ
Զ˵˵ϸ
廪껹ǱȽϺ潭ô⵹Զġ
ûġ
̰廪һۣȥԼ󣬱Զɢ˽˽¹½һϸξ׼ԶģǴҲܲµģɱۼ帽ǽһҰ
أ
ǵһģԼĽҲ˼һŵ෴ߣԼ
üͷһĬ˵ꡣ
ȥ壬ʦʦ֮ûж֣֪޷ס㣬㽻º󡭡
óģ˵θڣ˽֮£ˡ
εģҲ֪Щʲô
󣬽ȻΪ룬ĿģԶӴ
˭ɱʦ𣿡
εֽ߬ȭͷֻǵؿһۣ룬ʦԶϾġ
ʲô
վöҽʦøºѹʱʦ˵ǾϣһֱΪºδºԶϾġ
в֮ˣǳɱΥ˽ģϾСûŹ£ʶºȥŴ̽
󡭡ЩɵӵΪҪЮºձԶϾ
ŭºɥʱЩŵ׶ʲôΪˡ
廪ʲôҲû˵ֻǲԾʼ磬˵Ȼûʲôö
ΪνҪ˵޳ʹΪ
ʡ
֪ʦԶϾôһ׷ȥҲ֪Щ˸˳ȥ
̶˶٣£ΪΪҪֲĹЩ¶٣İǲ١
̯̯֣ҲҰһԭȺħ裬ɽڣǱҲҲȥġ
ĸµ͵û֪ģΪλ⵽㣿
εΪѰȥа֪һЩ飬⽭Ӧûж֪Ĵڵġ
»˵㸸ףˣǸҲʲôöĸ׵ٱй¶Ϊһֱĸ֮£Ҳû³սɱˡ
һĬ廪֣š廪ǣסʱȻѹŤͷ廪꣬Ǻڰ׷΢΢ļҡڲȻͰˡ
˼Ϊֱ𣿡
廪ʣǸŮ˿裬ĿȷδǺа֡
ҲǵģҺȤһǣ׬Ǯɱˣ񲻿գ
룬˼Ȼ裬Ͷ˷棬Ǹ֡
˵Ҷ˵ˣС
̶˶٣Ŀ廪ϣ͵ļˣˡ
̲סӶ䣬ԼҴԼ߶߶ģ÷
廪꣺
廪ǼĺóԣҲһ͵͵
̴ʱѲˮһ̾ɽĲ軹治ԺĿԳȲ衣
ȻʵĶˣϢϢ£
Ȼ¥롣
ʰ飬̰ź÷䣬·ϻҪȥɽҩ顣ǰǸ޵Ůӣ̻ôЦֻһۣԼ̿ˡ
˭
Щˣջ˫ְ˰ڣᰡҾëҪð˼
˭
廪һϷӣ˵ֶζǣҪôӦԼʦ㡣
ǰ¥ˣѵüаҽȻ̲ס࿴һۡ
ΪȥȴĪãƳʲôô
Ц˵ģȻ鲻
аҽҽҽѧۣǸš
С쵹ǻ˵
廪꣺
Ҳپᣬ㿪ĵˣ廪겻˰һۣ˻֮
ҹ廪ȥ˺ɽһΪƧĵطһϣһϵҹ硣
Ϊβ˵ɺĵ˵һ䣺ΪΪаأ
˭֪ء
廪ЦŴһ䣬ҲЦˣĻô
ֱɱȥǸɽׯʽô˵پô
ﲻ
ѵü廪ȡôº͵ж
Ϊ㣬Ҳʲôʾɱ
廪˵һ㶣һЦͷؿ廪ļϡ
Ƕҵġ
κȻи˶ԼñȫаΧˡ
ʱҪȥ
廪ʣѾӣǽ춯ܼʱ뿪
һɣܵ˺ܲ
á
廪ȻҲҪЩҪһЩʱġ
֮ʱ䣬ǵһˡ
л˵



57 
֮, ̶סУƭƭȵģΪһ, ƭúöӿģΧת
Ҳûֹ콭¶࣬ҵľ񶼺ܽѵüǶ˷ɣȻҲЩˡ
գ䳡ǿô¸˵һЩšΧΧ˺üʮӣһվ, һ廪Ҳ̲ספ㡣
뵱аһа۽ֱǴݿֶ࣬ö
ֱ߻һȲ裬ź֮ô, еʮ㡣
ʱʵǾ˻ֻ̽аûɵ뷨, , ⳯͢ǺѷŹˡ
̻ص˱裬Ŀɨ廪ϣֵ˵ĽʵĿָ, ԴŶа
廪һ, üͷ, ʦŲֳϹϵ
鶯תת, ٺЦⲢʦ
廪, Ȼ֪˵е뵽£һӦٿתĹĵȥȴһϷʣιȥﰡ
ɱ˽
仰ð̹Цӵǵˣаȥɱ˽ɣ
İɣ˵Ҽ˵
̰ѽ˻аɽʮλֻ֣֮Ȥȥˡ
ΪΣǻѪ½ħ𣿡
һŮӺʡ
Ҫ֪ϱֻаѪ½ħоԵʵֻһͨͣδѪ½ħ
Ѫ½ħаֻܴƽ֣Էߵ͡
ˣǲ˹ʲôȤˡ
ΪΣ
ʣ͡һȻҪǮģ˵˵
Ů̵ֻθڣϧĥӲ֮°̶ɿڣҲֻա
ǹƶɸ¥ǰϢѡ
廪ĹĵȥεԺӣƺڸҽ廪ˣ̧ۿȥôˣ
ɫԣǱˡ
廪˵˸ղŵ£εɫҲ˱䣬Ǿȣû뵽δȢޣΪзŲµˡ
Ҳʦ
廪һҲüͷоһֶɥʧȥǸɽׯʱҪϡ
Σ
βȰҲȰˣܿٹǵθŶʵĴڡ
ãͷ
ĬĬһⱻս𲨼
ǡǧĪа
**
ˣϢˣֻһţ˵ԼҪȥˣ

廪ֹһ󣬱һͨʰң׼ȥ˫ˡ
ͬУ褱ء廪껹βͨ뵽ǳҲ֪ǵѣɣ»СΪ
Ƿ¶޵ӣ鵹ûбԹˣߵʮֻƺ޲ϰ׼õҩι뽭
ͬĺ˵£ΪĺΪʦ㣬ӦǺ֣ĺֱ˵֧ҩ¿ɰγˡ
˫֮а˵ʲôҪȥǸɽׯס
ڵ˵ǸɽׯСҲҵ֪ͨ˽ȻǱ˳ɽׯĴ档
ɫЩ԰ףӦǾδЦӭˣδ˵ʲô廪̤һŭȻʦ
Сδȫ˳ȥ廪ôһ˵ֳ˽ȥָ廪ŭɶʦ˲
Ҫ򣿡
ĺҪȡȴλĪҪˡ
Сȳȥ
ʦ
ȳȥ
СЩǵؿ˽һۣջǲ鲻ԸسȥˡȵŹϣŵλʲô˵ģԾ˵
ιˣʦģ
ʱģֻҪ˵һ֣ԥض֡
¡Ҷаް㲻ֻо
˵Щ죬Ȼֵʱаǰǻᾪġ
䶼ǿ䣬ްֶٹŵĲ˵Ҳ˲١
ôھ͸˵ˡ
廪ԶĴӣɱԶ֮ʱеǸϾɱ
̲סЦ㣬в֮еад£ǵųꡣ
գɫһףĿ䵽Σֻһ˫ɣ̾˿
£ҵȷǴش
Լ°ڣιζ˶ȴʼסж
Ϊ˹᳹Լ壬ûзŹԶһһˣ
Ȼʲô֪ҵݣǺʱ֪ģ
κʧΪʲôԣʵ֤̫ˣʱһ£ֻʲôԣ
ΪԼˡ
һֱ֪͵֣Ϊ˱ܿЩ˵ĶĿ
Ȼǲ鵽֮£ҪΪң鵽ݣʦ㵽ֱܻ
ͷɫǰûڣҺʦûбʦ
ŽĻǰǺ˺ڣһ£廪꼰ʱס˲վȡ
˵ʦȥΪ˱ң
β԰׵ϸһ˿죬ۼ۽ǣҪѪ
ǣЩ˵鵱Զһѷһգ»ǣ㣬ȥ֡
ˣ
̤ǰһ˫ɢ䣺⣬ʵЩˣ˭
Ĭ
㵽ڻҪäĿάô
ʵˣΪΪаģЩܳƵֱЦ
óȻжɱǣָο㣿
ǲǣֻǵѾһΣɱ¾ȥ顣
ʦĻָΰϢ
αۣһѪѪⲻ쾭ô
Σ
Ҫվȴ廪궢һۣ˲ͣ˶ѵɳΪʸ֮ô
ҵǺɳΪʸ֮һԼʹľһֱºȥֻᱻ۵ͷϣһٷô֪ɲǣ
廪ʱҲ˵ǵһμηôĻ
ҳΪŵЩ꣬ЩɿعңģɱֻܿĹϵάȥ
ĵεΣʱŭɲҪսǱսס
ʦѪұضҪ
һ亹ҡҡͷɱԽ࣬ҪܵαԽ࣬㵱Ҫô
Ǳҵʦֺ֮˵
ؿŽһѡԶ֮Σ񵱶ȴͣͲǰҶĺʧ
پһ㣬ʦҲδػ
գʧȥһͷ
ҲԼ֪̫٣򡭡һ˺ʦ𡣡
˵ޣ˿̵ǸԼģԼΪҲԼ̫١
л˵



58 
뿪˵Ǹɽׯ֮, εɫһֱˣĺܿؾ͵طȥˣѿռ䶼ˡ
廪˺һ·, βͣԸȥɣ
ȻҪȥȻҲ˵Ԫףټ֮ǰ£Ҫȥǵġ
廪ղŽĬò˵ɵ֣廪궼ñ
Щ˵ͲôĻҡ
òѸȴȥһһͷβų, ҲΪΰΪλҪš
ֵȷһȷѪ꣬ǲȥЩ⣬ܵİ
, һһɽټӱȥ
һ˾ͻ᳹׵, ô˵, ôͿ϶ԥ;ˡ
£ٵ
βǳ嶯Ϊ֮ڵ֪ºȺʱ뷨õ֤Ҫʼж, ҪҲҪ
, δ
εĸ, , α㲻ô
ǶζԹ˵̫ңԶ, ֮ҲӦ֪ԼҪѰˣҲֹһ
廪ʱǸͷ׷ķŮˡ
˵Ҳǡ
ϴμ˼˶Խķߺ޶дϣÿһЦⶼǵصĺ⡣ı꣬׳ԼʵȻǲŹˡ
Ԥá
صջ󣬱ͷǿװļǿڴ˿޷ٳˡ
̾˿һ˫ȴӺסԼļֻúϢȱˡ
֪أӵǸɽׯ֮ɫδù֮µԶ
£ңҵа۽ʦġ
аֹ꣬˰򣬽Ҳû¡̫»ΪһˣҪڷܺרעҲ˺ܴĽ
Ͻ˼δ֪¹˭֣ΪȺҷǵûʲôġ
ˣɵЦЦĵЦݡ˵廪յûֻܶҪҲȦӶӣһڣ˰ġ
ֶǧǧ򣬿ɴʱ廪һ仰ġ
ü޽չ廪ĦʸУʱǹɵúܡ
һиɵʱ֪ġ
廪ζ߶ǵβӣҲȾһƬĺɫ
ЩǲЩȤ
˵ֻ꣬͵˵һ䣺绰
廪ٺЦȻȦסεļ򣬴Ӻӵ뻳УֻҪ˵ģҶ㡣
š
żһһ¡
ţ
㡭
ɫʱһ죬֪ߡ
**
ɽѹرãɽŵӶκͶʮֽʲôɣһɶڡ
գվɽǰĵӴ˸Ƿ֮£̲סһ£ȥԼƺŮ
۾ٿŮһȺŮֻδüͣϷԸһԵʦȥ֪ͨţһȺɣŮҲȻк¡
ɽ֮ǰǽرյĴţҾϿɱлͣӼ¡
ĳһΣɫǰݷô򵥡ٿ֮ˣ褣һٵģһҩģһνһˣԲ򵥡
𲻾ǰ˺һĵ˱ǱһٺһϹɱģһð亹
ȻһֻŶһڵϣŤͷȥյĴűһѷ졣
æοȥδֵ֣վǸŮˡ
٣ȻǣϹô
廪꿴亹һۣЦͦá
ãԲûбһ
廪ֳһ̧ȥ˲ŷ廪һǳģǳŴȥġɫĴű¡һؾͱˣŴŰ峯浹ȥһ󳾻ҡ
ĵȻҲɵˣ׷׳ڵˣʱҲܿкüϳŴŵķ
ûˣ廪ٸϹȥʱѾˡ
Сõͦ졣
ʱɵλѾγ˳廪վǰ߽ɴšĺһԾȥ߶ֻҩ£֪ɷһĻɢ
ˣΪĿģҩóһߣЦմ˶һԱ֪
ĺ粢ûֹش㣬ֻĪҪѾͷĴ±á
֪ˡ
վ߶֮Ͽ˶ţȻǶҪɱ˻ͦòġȥ˽ʱûһߵ˴˸ǰӡ
۾ѪɵĻ档
Ҫͻô
Ϊ׵ĴţһȻڱչ֮С
һҶ˲һֱͻô
ЦĿ⻺䵽ڵУԼҩͼԼͼıĵϡ
Ȼ룬ʱΪλ뵽ҪԼ֣ⱳ󵽵˭ָʹʲôĿģѰζ
ѱлͣͻһ˵
һҶ˵ЦŴаǰɽţֱϲ⣡
ұǻɽţɱǣ಻á˴Ϊʦ𣡡
񽣳ʣ쳹ɽȡ
һҶɫ䣬˵ЩʲôεĽѾԼʺŵϻӽȥ
һⳡɱĻ˭˵ʲôֻܻӶеĳסɽһĽ
һ˷ˣЦһΪǻҪ˵ö໰أãϻ̫ҶҪ˯ˡ
ĺû˵ѹٷŵԼϣһ۾ƺ󣬱㿪ʼ
һưġ
ʱɵĵӺȻʹס˶䣬ɳûɱȥܿͽɵĵɱ˸Ƭײ廪Ľ׺ݣֱεĵӣ˹
ֻ֫룬ڵһҲ֪û
һҶ֪鲻ĺ֮ʱô²ֻû뵽ɵĵӾǲħӰ죡
һ˲׹Ƕаɫӣ֪ԭǰ˶
Щˣɶ񣡡
һҶҪӣȴһ׷ϣȫεĽסۼҪһᴩ֮ʱȴһۺαˣǿһ
һΪһֱ֡
ؿŴԶˣ׷ɫ󣬲* ˲ģҲǱⳡġ
ɵ˹룬һأɣȷʵ˵زβ
һ̧ۿ߶ϵĺ飬ɹаɣϷ򾹲֪ɺʱаħ
ιͷ˵һ㣬ʲôаħɲǣΪ˵һϴϵ
廪һ
ʱĺ粦һңĵԣʦЩ
α
л˵

ҿҵԤİɣղأղزҲ֪ʲôʱİ
Ϊɵڻͽܡ͡ҵǰΡ
ȿǰŶ


59 
ֺ֮У
һͨ, ָεŽ̳ĸͽǷǲ֣
̫ʴȣҲվǰ˵ʲôǷǶԴ
ѾҪ, Ȼһõ°
Ⱳƺδ㳩̽񣬱ɣ
˵ˣ򣡡
̲סߴһ漴ǰһ˾Ļ֣ŵ̧ȥھ𿪡
һ˵ʵ, ιʮжδ·硣廪״ҲսҲ, 廪꿿һˡ
μһжֱȡҪȻ಻», Ҳԥ, ̫Եھһֱһ˱˺ü
ʲôϢ
һ˾ȣ¸ղھۣʴ, Ǳסһ
а㾹ϰа
һ˱ݵڳ˻, ֪μԼĻ, Լȫ϶ᱻס, 
ֻЦһ, Ľ׷ȥԵĽԵھһмܲס񽣸ϥǹؽڣͨһ³ʹع
εĽ˲ĲϣϢһ˵Ĳӣһһ仰˵
Ӽ״ŵ֣ͣղŽûɵһҶȴʧƬ̱廪һʺû¾Ͷˡ
ˡ
廪һεķȥֻΪңɵҩͼҡ
ϣɵ״һһ
¶ֵԻףίжϻ׷ɱҡ
һ˵ɫһһ׵ģҪɴȥٿҲ˵ʲôؾƵĻ
γףɵӣʦɥ֮д󲻾֮£ҵ֮󴦴ѡ
ν˽ֳһ˵ĲǶһЩѪ
ɺ޵Ϊ˰вʦ𣬺ʦԶϾ
һգֻǵ͵͵Ц⽭У˭ֶΣ˭ĺ
ֵһɣֻΪȡطٹֺ֮У
һҪվĹؽھ类жϣվҲ
Һܿɺޣ꽭Զȫ˸ɾͲɺޣʦв룬ǹ֣
һ˴Ц˼ܿܣɣȺŮ֮಻Ϊģ
Ҫģֻ̣Ϊֹ
ĿģֵϣߵʱҲܼס
ɱˣеŮ֮
˵󣬺һʺڿнɵ䳡ȾһƬѪɫ
εֺݾϲ
߶һԾ£ȻԼҩ䣬üʬҩǲɣ
ҡҡͷֻ̧ͷɴǸҡ
߷ڡ
Цһʱǰ棺ţʣĵǶѾץסˣֻŷ䡣
书˰ɡ
εġɱֵȴû˵ڣƣֻǾĵĶǿɱ¾ֹġ
ɱ¾壬ǷˣǱҲǵ컯
·Żɽô
廪˹Щǵ˵һ䡣
¡
λҲһɰڵģˣҲЩֶΣ䵽˾ˡ
ҲգպҸȼɱ˱ǡ
廪˵ʱĿɨһɵӣϵͷ廪ӡ
ȥˡ
á
廪ǰǣסε֣һӡ
**
ɱŵϢܿʹ˳˲˴ҵġܿԾͷֳϵһΪɴа֮ȥţаħһϿΪֱȻóȻôһɡ
ֻԾô˴£һ˳壬޷һŵ·
ȻΪ֮˻Σʱ
ӵΪҪţ
һݵұģ޷ŵġ
廪ֻɨһۣΪһ಻ȴվΪΪΪа
Ҫڣȴʲô˵
ãǶԵģΪϲ޾Եа
ңұţұаҲζɣֻԼöԵ¡
˵꣬αԷãɫֱ䣬֪ˣһĥ˵ġ
˵꣬¼ͭ뿪˿ջ˵Ŀ䵽һϡ
űлˡ
廪˿ŻֵԼЩʲô
ֻĺһû˵һԵĺоףдʼǡϴ˺üɵӵʬʵ飬ҹҹоⶾ
޷Ǿӣӵĺǣ಻Źǡ
δδôһ죬ɵԼЩνΪУȴûеĹ뺦¡
ΪֹܹǸѾˡ
ŵɽ£Ѿ֪ǵ٣Ѿأ⡣
Ⱥʦﵱ
ֻ˵˰˸֣ŵĵӱ㼱ɽȥʱŵŲɽŴ
Ⱥţ֤ݣ
Ųʵ
ʦɥϣһҪ󿪹ʬһͬεңҲǣ
Ͽӽƾ㽵ңȷʵɣյǳҲ㡣
Ų˵Ц㵱Ҫ󿪹ʬ֪ʦûвŵ֤ݣڵңΪ뽭ͬһӪ㲻
Ųüͷŭһɺԣ
žĪҪˣѰʦµżͷдȺЩ˵֣
˻һŲɫһףֵ֮¸óô
¶Ųֱϲ䡣
ʱЦЦȷҲţ
Уûʲôżթġ
ŲһԼϷˣɫ˲Թҧгݵصˣ
һ󵶹⽣Ӱŵĵ㳲һطˣǰɼǿɲøһ³
ɱۣûؾȻһֱûֵĺɱȥüЦЦȤ̫Ȥˡ
ΪȥĻἤԡ
ɳ¾ѰĺۼȵعЩŵѾ룬ҶѨϡ
ĺᲦңϸЩȻЩ˱Ѫˡ
Ӽ״㲻ٿɾôһ񣬾ͱȡһɱܿͷֳʤֻŲֵסνܿͰ
Ҫɱɱ
Ų˵Ӳȴסض
Ը
һգսܣĵӱ书ˣҪĳϺŲ׷ս
ȷѪ˱ͣˡ
л˵



60 
һǽɵķ, ʳǾĵģֻƵںߵϻ߹
һԻʹ߳뿪ʳ, ڷ蹫ͣ¡һӺݻŮ£Ů֣ز빫С
˴һŮվͷȺ򣬱ˡ˸ָһӰһԾ£ǰ
Ҫκ˿
ǡ
ӰһԾϣʧȥӰ
ʸ֪΢ԼĲ, Ȼˣֶֺթļˡ
ʸ֪΢뻽ңŷԼڹ, ҲڣĲԾЩʧ䡣
ʱ, һֱվŵŮ˹, º̾˿Щݰ˭ܶù㣿
ʸ֪΢һЦĲǻʵۣҪƺϺ꣬±, ָ˸ô򱾹ǲݰʾá
ʸ֪΢ֱ׼õĲ, һڣƻҲɹˡ
ǰ, ֮Ѿȥ, ඼µĿˡ
Ů˵, ˸
ιȻһѷĵ˾Ѿ꣬ЧҲǰæˡ
֪Щ˵˼ѵ͸¶һɺţ˱ƶȥɧºˡ
Ů˵󣬻ʸ֪΢ֻЦЦЩĿǳҳģòЩˣǱٵ۲Ϊ
ʸ֪΢³һֵֻǶϻñʼδ
Լ̫ѨƺЩͷۡ
Ѿǲݵ״̬ˣҪֹô
أҲ޿ǸۻǣΣ࿴ѳ֣ҲǸѡ񡣡
ŮգЦҲͦѾͷġ
ѵλ¥Ҳ˵ϲ۹ⲻ
ŮЦЦȻңЩһֱڹ۲ǿ֮ģɱϣֻҪúãΪʡȥö鷳
š
ʸ֪΢鲻ʣ¥ûôΪôУұ̸
֪ջʵ۰˼磬㣬ӦĸҪչģȻʳԡ
ʲôչ˵ģѲǵյСЩвϡ
ʸ֪΢˵ŮҡҡͷЦĪҪд鲻һǧ򲻿и
ţ֪
ʸ֪΢˿ڲ裬˸ң֪ǼһǲڿҿҵֻլӵĻԼ
ͬһ߰ɡ
ôвסˣ
ǰвסˡ
**
ɺű֮󣬴Ҷɵӡı䣬Щ˾а̣Щȴɾɶδ˺Ѱգоһԭ
Σһ£Ҷɱη־ġ
֮º˫Ҳ˲ɱĶǵǸɽׯĵӣ֪Ķ֪˭ġΪǽɱٸҲûн룬Ÿɷ׷˹䣬ɡ
ɲû˹Ҳûοʣ˾˲˵Ĳɣ˭֪ɺ«ʲôҩ
òʹɵ̬ȣһάɣ಻ΪȻ
ʱѾ˴￪ʼڴѣֻɽɻѩɰããһƬ
廪źıӣѻ§ýģļżĦ廪̲סεĻй˹
ˡ
κһѾˣ˵ʲô䣬Ҫ˯һȡů˯һȡůĺ಻֮£صֳˡ
װ˯һֻ۾ƤЦٱٰɣĵӶġ
ɣ̫ûˡ
˵ţѾűԼǰȴҲסϣϵһЩϺɫۼ
´Ρ
Ǳ廪깴òòٵҹգҪȥٱ龲侲ĲС
~
廪Ӧţ֪Υ϶Ҫ
ʰһα䳡ȥǴҶֲ֣γٵҲ֣ⷴθˡ
Ϊ޷ιɣУȻö೭ʮ顣
һæ͵ϣûеʳó廪ѯһ㵽Ѱ
ڳ䣬ϵŷ㣬öһ𲻶ĵ
廪ȥʱβŻ̧ͷôˣ
꣬ŵķˣžԼʱ䡣
ȷеô
Է
廪Ѷ̷ŵϣæʰα㿪ʼͬһճʱȴͷмٵĽŲͬʱص˽
ţм
褵
η¿ӣ褽
ţɽĵɽ¿һ׷ŮӣǶϻõǸΣ
ǸɽׯֵһɣȴҲϻý췭ظ˼ɽ£ȻΣˡ
޷õ߾裬ĪҪ֣һԼ
ǡ
˵꣬ϳȥˡ廪̾˿ϻõڸʲôϷ
֪ɽұ㲻ֻ·ȵȰɣӦҡ
Ȼ˰ʱ֮˼ˣα㵽ȥ
ˣΪ£
˼մһڣһͷ˴һŵЩԭ
˼ԼСݸΣ˼ϢŽ£Ǻ
׵úñܰɡ
˼˵꣬ؿһ۱Ҫתȥξ˼˾ٹ죬ʣΪδʱŽң
Ϊƫƫʱ㣿
´Ӳ˵ԭ򡣡
˼ҪߣμǱӰЩһֹĸоܾ˴ǵġ
ס˼ܸܲҹ£
һ㶼ǵˣ
˼ɻ
ǵˡ
˼ΣץסŵһԵ廪ס˼һ˲䣬˶ͣ˾ٶ
޷
˵廪ŷſ֣ɾ˼һһ
˼ָεϣܿȻ򣺡ԭˡ
ĹɺܴĸɣĪֻʧȥ䡣
ټһ·ܵĴ̼ЩѪɵĻ棬һС˵һجΡ
ʱ˼Ťͷ廪꣬ҾҪһЩռ䡣
廪вֻγ˵ͷֻܳȥˡ
廪뿪󣬱˼Цǰңһҳϵսʿ
վǸߣ˼һйֵʱˡ
˼£˼ŵĸԶĶȻԶ˻ʹɰּǿĹģԶ⣬Ϊһϡ
ԶȨģҲΪ˱ʵ۵Ĳ¼ɡ
˼뵽Ļʵۣ̲סӡ
ǳµǸˣڱıײߵģһֱס
˼˵ʱǴҲЩ
Ȩĸ߷壬Ҳƽѡ˺ߣѡȴٲ
νüͷĬ˼˵ȥ
Ǹ˵ȷһƤңвŻҲ츳ѲŰȻҲ˱иߵĵλ
˵˼˵ʱԹθܵ˵ʱԼܵ˺ж
ﲻ֪ǣҰ׷룬ˡ
˼ǹһĨ̵Ц⣬۵׽Ǻ⣬ּŵʱ֫.ʱĿ⡣
л˵

û뵽ɣû뵽ɣȻĻ֣


61 
νŴ, ˼Ǽﲼĺ˿Թһ㣬ռߡ
ԾһЩµĻ, ʱڷڣŻ¡
Ȼһʱ䣬ɺֱܿ볿Ρ
˼˵࣬Ի͹ûȥΪºգֻҪһа, Ǳ㹻ˡ
һ˶ҲˣӺ, ֻǵʱ㣬Ӳǳ˹
γĬ, սȭͷ, ָײԾǶУһǳǳĺۼ
̫ѹ˶ӣҲһֱãΪ˾, ҲΪ˱ǿ̫, Ӳ𽥺
, ε⽥ȥ, ޿ɿ֮̽С
ܰ, һӹɡ
˵˼ЦŵӲãҲ㵽ȥ棬㿴Įķ飬Ҳɽӡ
˵꣬˼Цһ˼ŵ˵һ㣬Ǳ̫ظ飬뿪ǶԵġ
˼վƺѾ뿪ˣˣҸˡ
˵ٶ޷ˣ޷ƽֲƽһ˵һڣʱ˼õֱǰ
˼Ҫߣվأʲô
ϸ˼˵ĻٻԼĹУʱˣ˼ĽӦ벻Ŷԡ
죬ȴȲ
˼۵һ˿įһ£ʬһֱڶϻõı֮С
ȥˣȥѰ֮ʱֻаսᣬҾ򿪷Ĺ˳ϵĽˣǽĽ
˼ڳ£üͷǲɵһ£ȷ˼£ƺףġ
Ұ˻ȥڱбš
˼̽һԿףݸΣʯҵԿףҪȥɡ
֪˼ΪҪˣȴôҪԿ׽Լܾ
Ҫȥʲô
˼û˵뿪׷ȥ˼űߣһͷ˿Ϊ˭׵ģ
廪꣬ÿÿ֮ʱָܻ̲סķ䣬һ㴥˿ڡ
˿İ׷ŵ˿ڣ˼һͷ׷ͬԹһ̳Ϊ˭أ
𰸺֮ͬʱǲΪ֪ܡ
ΨϻȪӴ˼ɡ
˼ŶͷЩۣɺ䣬һ㶼ϲоڱʱһġ
֮䣬һգůǸ˾վڻ֮¿ԼĨЦ̫
С˼ٿһ㡣
˼ʧ˻һ˹ȥؿԼһۣԼļϵ˵þû
ػš
ͻ˵ôһ䣬ʱ˼ס
ػҵһػҵĻꡣ
Ŀ˼ϣ˼ϣ˼ɡ
ʱͦģ˵ĪĻҪȹ˺þúþã׹
Լ׹֮Լˡ
˼䣬ûˡ
**
˼֮ҲûϢ˵˼ҹϮ˼ս죬˫˫ʧ٣ǸɽׯȥѰ
ʱ˫ǰһԸŵĻ廪̤̤꣬ҷϣֻθĽ
Ĳ²ûд˼ȻҪȥѰѰ𣬿ȥ죬ȻµˣҲػ
˼ôˣ
һ·ȥ·ϻܼǸɽׯĵӣΣΪæѰģϾŸɶ˺Щˡ
ȻҲûиǴк廪һͬ˫Ǹʯ֡
Ϊ϶˼ڴˣ
Ӻ廪껹ΧδκεĴ򶷺ۼֽ֣ûһ㶯
ǵ˼ҵô
Ҽǵá
廪ȥΪǽ֮ͣΪ֮ľ̫
ܹ֮о̫µϢ˼Ҳϰ̫Ҿڴ˴
廪ûٻɣ롣˴ľ඾涾ߣҲûд򶷺ۼԵǸɽׯûе˴
˴˶඾ޣ˼˴ܻ
廪˸ʺţҸΡһʼȷͦ˼ģϾ׷ɱΣ˵ģ಻Ǹˡ
Щ꣬ƾʲôģ
תã廪ϢһʱκͬʱԶ̦ʯͷѪ
˹ȥȻһµ˼ڴʯϡѪɫ԰﷢ӣָ̽ǰܵһ˿ϢŴһ
ڽһߵĵϣ廪˹ȥͬ̽̽ıϢ
š
廪껹ԥҪҪȽʱͻ˼תǾؿ˿Χ廪κ󣬲Ż
Ŀ綾߰ݺݵضŽҧгݵǶû
δ
˵廪ꡣ˼ЦųӣҪȴܾˣֻúúãѹǾʹѾ
Ҫ˼ʹٴȫʹһ
ڴʱҲתȻӿԶ˼
ֻǴţ³һѪȻ˼صöࡣ
㻹ܶô
ʡ
ܣΪɱһܶ
˼վһΡΡ򽭳廪ֻܿţ֪˭ȥ¡
ο򽭳˫ȣСȲˣٿİ߰Ѫ׹ԭѾˡٿ֣Ѫȴ΢΢ָֻᶯһ˫Ƿˡ
˼ذףֻߵǰĿ¶׹⣬ȻذذײڽϡϧˣȲ̵òְذ׳һδ˽ȥһоԼѾ̴ˡ
ǺǵЦЦ³һѪȥص£Цȴᡣ
˼ЦţҲʧȥصڵϡ
ȥ˼Ŀȴڽϣö
Բ𡣡
Цţּ̧̧ۣ廪վԣȻ¡
Σβл
廪ʵʾ廪꿿Щʱ̫ףν
˵꣬ٵĺسٻüᣬǿҪһ
˼ſգïܵӰ֮* ϣзһ̺ʲôˡ
ΪĿȴһ󶴣ʲôȥһֺڵһֱйȥ
ġ
һ仰һѹһĻ˻
𽥻ǵ˲
ˣζԵﵱʱѡ񣿡
μºԼǰģ֪һ˼Ҫʱʲôġ
˼ȥ
ǡ˼Ѿû˰
˼ЦЦţ۽ǻ˭ܶеĿأ
γɫĿڡ
Ҳûû׵λȥ
л˵

˼ʵܺÿޡ


62 
뿪ʯֺ, ֪ͨǸɽׯǽսϢǴΪѽʬʱ, ǿһš
˶ദˣƴƤϺɫؿһ˵˿Ǵġ
Ǹɽׯĵӱѵ׷˵ҪɱȥϻãǶϻɱˡɴʱСصվ˳óһ⽭Ⱦ׼õš
˾;ڵǸɽׯ˶ϧһôȥ, ҲСԡ
ԭ֪˼ѰҲѵһºгԼ䲻һ, ˼ĳӦ
СΪǸɽׯһׯ, Ÿɿ԰СϣҲҪѰϻñ, ϣһеĶԹԼսᡣ
ĬȻС˵ģѾֻǿһۣȻĬĬת뿪
˫һֱɥŻȥɽ
ϴºɥ񣬽, Լææ⣬Щµ˵
, Ҫġ
صɽ֮, 廪ǵһӭ, Ϊεȥϵķ糾, ɷ¸Ρ
褺ĺ类ӷںɽǣ첻ҳš
СɽɹϵŵĳÿԷࡣ
ٱ˽һȺȥɽҩѵǶۻˡ
Ȼĵģ˼ơ˼˼ﵹҲʲôѰ˼ԹɼĲǲҩʯ顣
ʱ˼δ˵ģˣǲա
廪˵꣬αȥͷһ˼˯ŵȥһ񣬷񾲵ЩӦ
˳ȥ廪ʣһֱ±ɷˣ磿
ˣǸô
ЦЦ廪ʱ˫۷Цʲôʱôˣ
ֻ̫٣ʵֺξвЩ಻ء
û˵꣬϶ǰûڣ廪ȴο²׷ûǼ£ǿҲ޷˽˴ˡ
һʧȥˣô죿
ô˵λǻðûڵģҲо£廪Լôָιȥ
ûһڲǺúõô
廪ش˴ε㰡̫һȥ׷ҪҶˡ
廪˵󣬻̲סЦǳǳЦЦֵͣһ·ϻѰһЩεУЩ¡
Уʦ㣿
廪룬ԼʦƢ˭ȥ⣬鲻ãϸͲ
ʹˡ
಻֪ʵģ
ǣҩ֣֪ҩʲôطҲȥһЩεС
ҩˣ
廪ŵؿ˿ΣҲûˣϢƽȣҲ˵ӡ
ûУģѰһζûڵĲҩ
ôһ˵廪뵽˼ֵĻٴλ˿
ң
廪겻Ծ̧Լͷʣǲÿ𣿡
ǣֻҿšۡ
ҪҪֲܴ
廪㶣䷢ȣҵô
ҵˣһȥѰ
㻹ǶϢɣʱƺûôͣϢ
廪겦ŪԼ˿ָ䣺಻
á
廪λطȥϢȻǰ죬ʵۼˣڴûһ˯ˡ
廪һҲ֪˯ˡ
ӣ褰æδμϢĳգˡ
֪΢ˣ֪ν£
²ʸ֪΢ˡ
ʲô£
廪ǿŮǸϺ꣬ӻˮ
ǻ»Ǻ£ÿôˡ
üʸ֪΢۽ǶЦ⣬ܾ⡣
ԼʲôʱҲ廪Ӱˣ
ȱһ쵼ˣӦʵѡ
գͷһܿ侲
֪ʸ֪΢ݣ˵ԼҪֵڴ˵˵ԼȥضضĿġ
Ҳýɪǣʵˡ
γ֣ȻԼһսɸԼǱβġߣȻţȻԼĵһǾƷԺܺõġ
ˣ쵼ֵĻ֮
ҵʲôΪ֪΢Ч͵ô
öʸ֪΢ǿ󣬿ǳ£ȻҪġ
οżɽʸ֪΢ҲţҪһȶĽ˶˵䷸ʱǳʱ÷ǳֶȥͽһЩ̰Ұ֮ˣǲѡ񡣡
ʲô˼ý³ֵ͢
һӽΪж񽭺˷λ˼ɾӲǡ
˵󣬻ʸ֪΢Цжôǽ
İɣңֻҪǺȡ
ɣ񽭺˶Ҳ¼Ķ࣬η־壬֪΢ʲô취ô
ĪţֻҪӦΪհ
š˵üأ漴˼ֻδʸ֪΢뽭УȻСЩʼˡ
֪ˣһ迼һ
ǣеʱ䣬ɽ·;ңԶ֪ſɷһޣ
ȻǿԵġ
漴˴ʸ֪΢͸ȥϢ廪ʸ֪΢˲ſڣȨ֮ɵ㣬Ӳš
廪ʼվûʼ˲ţȨĻʼˡ
ǲΪ£ɵҡ
ʸ֪΢ѾԼԼʵ䷴
ʸ֪΢²ûΥԼԭߣô˳˻ʸ֪΢Ҳ޷
ߣ̯Ů׼û£͸ɵģűƭȥ
廪귭˸ۣɿǸŮ˲˳ۡ
ǵԺǸʱϢˡ
޷´󶨵ĻҲ̫£鷳ѾǵĿͷô
˵˼ЩģѲֵӪǶϻãΪ
Ҳǽ鷳
˵꣬廪껹̲סЦֵ˵̲סЩɶ͵˸飬
͵ɵʲô
廪һۡ
Ѿ͵ˡ
գӭ廪ǺεĿ⣬ɫԾغ˺졣
ǵͽӡ
**
ҹδ꾭Ҫ޷ȴڻȿĻʸ֪΢
ʸ֪΢ΣЦЦ
αһһЦ˹ȥòشк
ʵСʱ档
ʸ֪΢˵仰εɫһ
˵㻹ұء
ʸ֪΢ǻΪϻϻʵ۷Ϊεͬγ˺üꡣ
գɫ
¶ôµı飬ģÿϲֻ֮ǰ̫࣬ϰˡ
л˵

ʵˣ


63 
ҹɫнŻʸ֪΢, һ󲻰ͺбھܣһж¶һ
¶ôµı, ģÿϲֻ֮ǰ̫࣬ϰˡ
ʸ֪΢̾˿Ȼֿããҹɫҹ䣬£Լ
ʲôʱ֪ģ
γʵ
õʱҲſġ
ʸ֪΢ЦЦĪҪ˾, ֲẦ㡣
仰˵ȴе㲻ţʸ֪΢ܹȥھ׵ķ, ҲŹֺοǻˣ
Ѿ, ù˾һ, ǻģ̫ԶˣȻǲǵõġ
βΪʸ֪΢Ǹ֮ˣ˵£Ϊʲô
ΪҪ˵Щ
˵鵭, Ҳǡ
ֻǸпˣҹһ, ֻأ
ʸ֪΢ЦЦ, ǸͷԵˣʵһͦϲ, ɶ˵̫Сˡ
û˵, ֻ򴽡
أô
ֻҪ԰ģһ㡣
ǶȻġ
ʸ֪΢ƤЦⲻЦ˭֪ĨЦζʲô
һ˸ŵġ
š
˵꣬ʸ֪΢תҪ뿪ȴνס
֪ô
ʸ֪΢΢΢һͣû˵뿪ˡ
ڶϣʸ֪΢뿪ˣκ廪ʰʰ󣬱ȥɽѰһܹ˻˿Ļشݡ
ǰ黹˻شݺдһЩѰҡ
ɽ֮ʱһ£˲ż·㲻̫ƣǻشݳͱ֮ϣ廪ṦɾͰժˡ
˵õҲҩôԼҩˣ
廪ȥеɳЦǲǸ²ң
λڶǻشݣ廪˵˺Ӧһ䣺ô
廪굱û˵ɽ֮α֪ʲôˡ
ǻˣ
νץסıأһֳסϵĿۻȷϴѾ˲ŷ
廪˿䵽ıϣβһ¡죬ϸѩ۵ļϣˮڻ
ܵεı̲סץ˴أָȻףҲǴزʺãȻᱻץ顣
Ͽ£ҵϿ¡
ͳɤԾսڸȥ˲䵽ץȥץס廪ס֫֡
Щ
ҵϿ¡
ҹʼЪ
**
شڷҩѻشݴȥ֮ҩģһлһеҩ
廪İ׷̫࣬˰£˰µҩİ׷㻯˿Ҳٳ׷ˡ
ʣ˲ٻ͵ҩ廪˼òóԲԣǾͿ˼Լˡ
Ϊ֪ʱŻѹ˼ڳ˹һֵСߣæȥ黽˹
˼ǸŮȻƣر˫ۡ
š
˼壬̾Թɼ˼ȣ˶ƣڳ˲ٶأҪš
ҲǵԼͬĻ˵ٴˣС߰ҩ뿪ˣﻹŽһҪʲôҩо
ʱ廪ҲˡСߺ廪ѷκ˼˵˵
ֺαؾң
˼һȻεĲ
ˣ㲻ţʯǱȲˡ
˼û˵ֻǵЦҿֵĹУȻҰУͲ£
˼ɫƣƽаڴʱȥ٣ֻв԰׵ƣС
Ϊ£ֻˡ
ΪԼ鵭ǶԻʸ֪΢ģԼףȻǵˣʼһطŹڡסֵů
׶Ȼϣֻܿţļ䣬̤ɽӡ
˼ֻع˹Ȼֱ˫ۡ
ϻãΣ
ʡ
ɢ˰ɣҵĴѱûоٹǡ
˼˵ɣ⾭Ӫ˶Ķϻ˵ɢɢһûСȻҲ˲٣˼ҪӪϻã಻֪Ǻá
أʲô㣿
֪
˼˵ü죬ҲöΣԺô졣ʱҹûñ⡣
һΣûзˡ
ΰѴĻ͵ҩŵ˼Ĵߣ˵ǵĹЧ
Σ
˼񣬶ֵ£õʱðɡ
á
β֪˼롯õʱʲôʱ򣬿ãͻʱͻõġ
Ҷϻɱôˣ㻹ңô
ôеϻɱ˲٣置ǸҲ˼Դȥģ˵ǽĴħͷҲΪ
Ϊһ֮˽ԼԼƺԭ
µԻܸеĹɱ褣£Ҫһ㡣
˼Цô㣿
˼һνģüͷ֮褵ɽȥЩҩͳʳɡ


ĺš
ĬĬֵҪˣǱ㲻ҿԹܵˡ
˼ֻЦЦû˵Ȼʵһ㵹ͦ񡣡
ʲô
̫ظ顣
Իʳǲʺ࣬ǰ㾪ž޵ˡ
Ǹ蹫һʵĻʼˡ
˼İ¸ԭúܿ죬ԣɽȥ
ֻڴӴ죬ϻõ˱˹޳ʹѪλ޶ˡ

˼ƳһۣȻһƾɵķӡ񿴼ĸˣŵǲҿֻҶڽȥ
㵱治ضϻô
޳ʹʵ
޳ԶһֱңҵƢú˵˽ɢϻãǽɢˡ
ǻ׷㡣
޵
λòһģһͬʱᶨؿ˼Ǳ˴˵Ӱӡ
ʲô׷ģôҲǣΪĴô
˼ؿһֵۣ޾Ϸ߰ա
˵꣬˼ҪߣǼɸţ˼͵˵һΣ
޳ʹ˶һۣתȥٶȻǻ̲ס׷׻ͷȥټһ˼Ӱ
˼˽ȥǸƾɵķӣͷסһϹ۵İţƾ֪˼ˡ
ޣлл㡣
˼û˵Ƶŵǰꡣ˵Լʱ£˼ôӦһ㶼Ƿſաɽղ֪ΪΣҲһЩ¡
ǵõҪ޸¥ծãһֱ޺ţǸѹûаǵˣǵ˫ΪƤѪ
ӵ˶ţǸɥĲָָ㣬ͱǮɱ˫۵Щ˺ݵһʮ󣬳һģһŮȥﻹֻҪǮ˾Ǯˡ
ʱ˳ŷһֱûжĺﾹѾ˴ͷѪ˾ˣ
ˣ
ˣ޵ø˺ѷˡ
˼·ģǵõʱӡ룬óΧóŮ˼ĻǶˣߵǰץסĲӣ˵ʱǺӽڡ
һͷһᣬŶĵʧȥϢ
ɿ֣ŮɣǾֵؿǸˣ˷ܻ˼
˼ǮŮĸףŮߡ
ңǱǿԸô
Ը⣡
Ůͬص
ǵԸ⣿
Ը⣡
á
˼ŮͷˣҲʹ˿ʼˡ
л˵



64 
ϻһͬж, СӲʩҩϢܿʹ˳
ЩΪ˼ѰģѾװСӳˡ
˼նɽæȻ˽, ȴᵱ¡
ֵϢʱ䣬ʣµҩ˼±˹ȥʣ㲻뱨ô
˼˫ֱأ褶˶٣ȻŤͷܾ㣬ɱ޷ΪҴ֣αأ
˵꣬褼, Ϊˣ޹ɡ
ȻǲҹԵģȻ³һô
˼٩˵, ͷµģĬһͬȥһ̽
, ڵ, Ϊ׵ϻһ̺ۡƼ˼󣬱㼱ȥ
ĳˣ
ôϵã
˼ЦЩȥִеǧôǵЩϺз
ĸĿѰɣ
ħͷ
ȡ, ˼ӭ濳£˼ָס, ھ˼ɢ, Ǵ󺺵ĵ, ھײɳȥ
褴ʱһľ, ڹΪֻκаλһƴˡ
ҪѰ𣬵ҳǮҲŶԣѰ
˼˵ֱ׳ְѼָĴ¡Ƴһۻæ˵󺺣̾һǲǶϻˣ书ˣԼѰҡ
һԵȻ־˼˵òЩô᲻Ѱ˼
Ժ̾˿鷳ֻ಻١
޷ġ
ĬȻ⻹ǵһ˾ñѰǼĵ¡Ҳǣ˼˿еķŮˣƺҲ
֮ÿձҲ磬ûһܹ˼߹ʮС˼뿪ˣû֪ȥ򣬿ŸΣдĶĵΡ
ηȥȻһЩģģļ䣬ǵԼһŮ˱ܹȥŮһѱԼȻһ˵Լԡ
֪˼ЩΪʲôһܹס
һºνӵ˻ʸ֪΢ţ˵˼̰ٵ֣ڳϰЩƷȵڶϡ
ȥ̽һֻʸ֪΢ʵȤǣЩ̰ٶˡ
׻ʸ֪΢⣬Ҳ׳춨Ȼд·
Ȼߵ죬ƹϻʵۣ蹫ɱΰջʸ֪΢ָʾȥ̰ٵļŷЩ̰ҪԼ˽ȥԮࡣ
ĵȥסϵ̰١
Ѱҹڹȥ컹δһֱյŴˣ蹫ȡʤ౻նɱڡϻʵ۸蹫йּûλ蹫յǻ
Ҷģɱķ蹫Ϊ»ʱ˳ӦȻ˲ͬŮΪ۵ģ蹫Ȩգ㲻ͬ⣬ԵҲûˡ
ţ蹫ʽǻһꡣ
ǻգʸ֪΢ָһţһǸлԼϣճΪȶ֣ȶľơ
ӢۻϣԼΪţ֮¡һκʤΪһε
ϣλֽܹ壬ǿڳ֮͢ĵطա
һһӦ£ķڷ
Ů۵ǻҪ̫࣬˾Ȩ˳ãһµ˸˰֮£óõ˶Ƥ
ҶŮûûҹضڴ£ɴҲ֪ҹŮ۵ȷҪææȴǹ¡
ڣˣͷȥ㿴ЦŮ˿ǽ߿
ջսתȥ
ҡ
ʸ֪΢ǰҪץסҵ֣ȴرܿˡ
ңĲ𣿡
ŮֶǿӲ˼ĸ˲ŮۣΨһˣŮȴˣСƢֻܺš
ƭңҡ
ҿߣ಻֪Լôˣܵý֪ʸ֪΢Ƿ蹫ʱѾȥһսʱֻԴһƬհף޷˼
ҪȥŰ뵽ʸ֪΢ķԸһǸҹӸʸ֪΢ĵΣż뿪ö죬Լɻ
Լδʹ٣δʹԼ٣˾ôĬš
ԼͷӵԼ˵һЩĻԼֻ࣬ЦЦ˵Լ
ҵڲ֪䵽ϣܸоʸ֪΢ʱֻΪ̫ġ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʸǲ͹ϵʸ֪΢治Լݶ޿ɺǡ
ΪʲôΪʲôԼñڹĸоδʸ֪΢һߵˣԻʸ֪΢һ֪֪ռƻǶλ
Ϊ˱㡣
ʸ֪΢һֱûи߸ԼҲò˼飬ųѰĸֶΪ˶λ׼ӦֻһߣȴûôԼǺڰһ档
û˵Ĺĵվڽ䣬ȥʸ֪΢
ΣأҲðա
ʱʸ֪΢ҲڳԼһ档Ҿ̫Żʸ֪΢ЩѺڰĽ䣬ůԼȻһԼıģøԼȴǿϲ¡
ĻŶ˵̫踵ˣֻиɵӲ֪
ˣﱾûôƣܿ
û˵Ҫߣһλʸ֪΢ȥڰסˡ
ңɺã
ڳ߳ƵŮۣʱϸţ¸Ĳ
Ժ󡭡ǲһ𴳵ô
ҵԸ߱ɽӣϲ˻ʹǸߵλϣһͬ
ʸ֪΢ĬȻ˼ϢӺѸӵ뻳УֻҪпգһ㣬ô
ʲôȻ㶼ͬһˣҪʲô
ҷƢҪѻʸ֪΢Ļȴû˻ʸ֪΢
ˣᱳۡ
һβɵˣ֪ʸ֪΢һֱʱǸо˱* δʸ֪΢ӹһˣԺǾͲһˣڻʸ֪΢ھµʱ־Ѿעˡ
룬Ҹˡ
Ҿ뿪ϲٲᣬҲѶϡڴ϶˵ˣѾΪʸ֪΢ѰʷʼѪѾһˡ
ңߡ
ʸ֪΢˳ᢶ꣬ûһܹģ˸ңֻиҡ
ǵõʱԼ֪֪Լݣʸ֪΢ʱҵòУͻȻһ籩꣬ԼǱ
Ҫ뿪ҡ
Ϊʲô˵ʲô
㶼Ҫѡʷˣ˵ʲô
ҡϲ㡣
ʸ֪΢ؿŸҵ˫רעؿţῴԼ⡣
ǣֲһ𡣡
ҿˣ۾һƬžžص
һ̣ʸ֪΢һʹ̣
ܳıѻλأָôòñ˴˶ģ
л˵

Ůۣ岻ãô죡
ࣺ֪ߣҾŪ
Ůۣ˱㵱ͱ죡
ࣺ


65 
ϲ㡣
ĸ, ʸ֪΢һӶûԼ˵ڡ
Ȩı붷гɳʸ֪΢׸õĶ֮ǿõĶ, Լĸź漼ܾ͸ǿˡ
κ˶ãκ˶ǹߣν˭ķأֻҪܵõҪġųʤߣþ취ȥ׳Լֵ
Щ˼ԼҲӣǹߡ
ֱ˸, ɵӿĿɽׯԼԤĻҪһ¡һ˫峺׵Ц⿴Լһʲô̫ɾע, ûʸ֪΢Щĸо
˵·, ôٵ, ʸ֪΢ֻɰһ˿ŭΪ˲շԼֻǸ̸˼䣬˾ԸԼˡ
֣ҵʼԼ, ɣĲԼĿơ
, Լ뷨
ʱʼ, ʸ֪΢øȥһЩΥԵ, ֪ԼЩʲô¸һ, ¸һʹ뿪ûɽߺ֮С
أԼ޺ģĶԼãΪԼΪĳЩ鲻ˣȥѧƤӰϷֻΪԼ˵ƤӰϷÿ
סԼϲã֪붬ԼĽŻۣᷢԼʱزסİ⡣
ֻβԽ֪ҵ⣬֪Լ⣬Խݡ
λ಻ָǺã
ʸ֪΢סңþòԸɿ
ЦŮˣΪ̫顣
ʸ֪΢ڸҵĶ˵ڳʸ֪΢˵仰ʶʣ˭
Ķʻʸ֪΢Ϊʸ֪΢ʲô֪⽥ͳһϰߣҲһΡ
Ϊʸ֪΢಻ʶǳ
Ѫ½ħа
ʸ֪΢ǵ˵µʱ֮ԱǵġʱϲΪֲһҪ룿
Ѫ½ħҪǣаԸٹܽ£ΪԼļֶֿˡ
ʱʸ֪΢ףˣܹеظܵжѡ
գڻʸ֪΢ļϣĬá
˵ʵضԷѡ񣬲õİ顣
ʸ֪΢һƿң۾ģȴޱȼᶨǵİ顣
һԺܺã˻ʸ֪΢˵ģȻˣָҲΪˣر˴˵ѡ
ɿʸ֪΢һ˻ʸ֪΢۽ǽĺɫ㡭Ҫô
ʸ֪΢һشʹţûиߵӣҪȥϰߣ
ֻǷָأǲˡ
ĨȥԼϵۣŻʸ֪΢ίӵı飬ʱ֪ԭԼλܵׯҲдһ档
Ϊһۣ㹻ղһˡ
һȥµɽӣҲصġ
һ˵۾ֺứµץסʸ֪΢ʷ𣿡
Ȼ˵㣬֪ΪʵۣҲв˵ΡʷЩ췻˶˵ʷʷԻʸ֪΢ĻӦɣ
ᡣ
ʸ֪΢նλģҵĺԶֻΪеڶˡ
գ˲ΪЦȻ§סʸ֪΢ݲٵ§ڻС
Ҳϲ㡣
Ҳллҡ
ӴɽӣҰӡ
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εʼһж˳Ϊϻúǵı졣
ȻֻһС£һã˶ԼˣֻǸ˲ֻ࣬ˡ
ΰԼľǣպϣҶƽദֺ֣಻Ź֪Щȥ٣Щνаһף˵á
Ϊǵĵڶ죬廪һͬȥǼֹݡ
û뵽ǻ˼Ҽʱˣȴһνվڰǰ
û뵽ῴϷ廪ȻŹ廪Ⱥп֡
СʵҪء
˼϶Ǳ޺ۣһȾѪɫۼܿվڷƤϣĿġ
һΪ⣬ǰǽСİĺ⣬˵һ䣺뱨ǾͱøǿһЩС
ʱҪ߳˼۶סͷ¡
常ĪҪ֡
Ҳ˿ڣֻͨ죬ϢˣѾ֣ͣ廪궼߻ħˡ
ؿ˼ֶסڲһɱԼҼ֮飡
˼̯̯֣ʱ򡣡
˵꣬˵߳ȺĿɨκ廪ˣû˵ʲô߿ˡ
οȥӰįƣ˺ۡ
ķʽҲ̫ˣһϲǻѰ
廪ȻҲ˼ΪΪΡ
ˣԼ
û׷˼Ǹ廪һͬȥ˳
ʵҲûʲôĿģֻΪùϵֹ̬ȣʾֻǳ޷ġ
֪廪Ҫȥаʱֹݵƨƨߵظˡ
߳ţֹݾ͡һЬˡ
廪ͷһ˲䷢һĸֲϰ
һԵοֻЦá
صа廪궼δ̤ɽׯһس˳ͷƤһ飬ɢܿǵ·ҪٵصĽ
ֹһľѾͷ㲻˵ʦҲΪλô
Ҳ֪
廪껹Ҳûţô֪Լʦɱ˵ĽӭԼ
סϢǵڵĽۣȻٿǴ󿪵ľţüǰǳġ
βµò䣬ٹűѾ˴ſڣǱδʹ꽣ϡ
廪о΢ɱŵϿڣʦʦ˵
ٹֻؿ廪һۣŵ˲ӣ±꽣Դ
ΣóĽҵС
ʱһԵֹЩʧ䣬ٹžȻһ۶ûԼγԼ񽣣ЩţҲûǰͽ̣
֪ٹԼΪǰһҪΪԼͽֵĹ

ٹŵܿ죬죬Ȼ廪ĽǲһЩ˾ڵ⽣Ӱй˺öУ̫ھǿֵ
а۽ĳʮֹ죬Ȼ廪ʹΣ޷жϽеĹ򣬼ˡ
ʦ飡
廪꼱ôһٹŵĽͣεü䣬üһǳǳĽۡ
Ѫ˿ڻ¡
ͱʵʱյɽһˡ
ٹջ꽣ٸ۸ҵĵӣ㷭֣ɱˡ
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˵꣬εϥٹҾлǰ顣
ٹûؿ廪һۣſվڽһʧˡ
ͷһ𡭡
ŵǣһô壿
л˵



66 
ȿȡ
εؿ˺֪ʹ, δа۹ĺôԼӲסĽʱŷ
ô
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˵仰廪ž¡ٹǶģû̫壬ǲѾٹɼˣ
廪û˵ʲôȡĨȥѪ, ŵʦƢ
֪Ҹóܵġ
廪̾˿ȻԼİ, ô廪Ҳ˵ʲôйȥĿ統Լؿڵһ, Ĩȥġ
ֻʱ, ҲֻԼķȥϣܹȥ
ٹֹݽ˴ţżֹɫ̫ãᷢʲô£廪˸ٹŴкĴ㡣
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˯, ǡȻ
廪˻ȥԺѾǲԸߣôԼôҲҪһ
ŻһţǾȻֺˣ
˿廪ؿڣ˰ۣ
סҪǰ˴Σĵô
ĵġ
廪նصᶨרעȿֻˡ
ƺСҵԺӣˣҵԺǡ
˵ôҶȥкЩ˵Ҳģʲôȥǳʡ
Ҳһֻȴ˵һûǿд롣
ٷá
һ䣬廪֪»ûꡣͻȻЩˣͲôλģôЩʦֽôأ
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аĵһջ㰲ȵعȥˡڶգ廪һȥȵԺҴƺС棬Ҳһȵɫǲ̫ÿġ
ƽҲûʲô飬һˡ
СϴȻƱ˺üֻҪһ񣬴ƾͲҲèūˡƺ飬СȻ䵭ЩֻҪ廪ͣ廪궺úܿġ
ƺСҲϲΣ廪˻ȥѰˡ
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ЩٹȻҲûʲôؿԣÿҲΨһˣδˣ
ɺȻתһ룬ֹˣԼʦ̫ˣ
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廪һû뵽ƽﻰȾ˵
̧ͷȣоĿвƵ˼վ͹ġ
֮ǰ¶Բ꣬˺Ҳˡ
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ȻصͷûҪд˼
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廪һαʾ⣬Ȼֶһ´ƺС뿪˵ҪȥѰ廪һľɾӱҲ⣬Ҳһȥˡ
Ȼһõε֤ŷŹ廪겻ûҪΪ˵ȥ֮ǰѾҪô廪ֻܴӦ
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ίˡ
廪ܸмʦֽԼάͬʱҲΡ
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á
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ֹݣΪ˸Ǹ롭
~һһΡ
ʵȥˣתߣ廪Ȼϸϣû˼й뷿֮µȤ
˸µػصԺ廪껹ǱղŵǵûЩڣδ⡭Ҳ
ҹ磬ǡǵ
š
εĶģֻӦһ廪˵ҪȥѰԵġ
˳Թ󣬳ȥɢʱٹţϻδȥĺΣɫ̫ãϻһƬϵġ
ǡҡ
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˿ԼٹŵǴݵýؿһۡ
ֻǰ˵ǰԷİѻ꽻ҡ
ϻعҾȴٳٵòٹŵĻӦ
֪ˡ
ٹֻ˵һ䣬Ȼִŭ˵һ䣺ˡ
Ȼ޷˵һ䣺
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廪аס˺Щ죬λЩ˶ε̬Ҳڻ˲١
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˼ɢ˶ϻ֮󣬱вϻãҪΪֳϻõߵߣնϻҲڱһտǡ
ֻû뵽κ廪˴־ȻûߣһϤˡ
٣û뵽ǻ
ϻһСׯ԰򶷣ׯ԰ĺöಿֶ˷棬ŷ˱λȼɱ֡
޳ʹǣſѪưܵԺѪ޳ʹŪЩûб̣Ļݡ
ӺԺġ

޳ʹսеɡ廪ȴ˰֣ҪҵȻ㣬ҽǴܵġ
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ǲʹôôڵ֪ˣ
ʵһʯңںδ
ʯǽأǲܽȥ
˵ޣ廪꿴˿һʱ֮Ҳ̲סǲǸԼǸ
δȡһԿףң˵Ҫ
˵꣬ɲţҪ֣ȴ޳ʹ£ס֡
ǵȷԿס
֪Կ׼˼಻߱š֪ʯҵţôȷ˼ġ
޳ʹ
ȷġ
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л˵



67 
һƬ֮, ʯǽҲˣҲ·ˡ
廪̫̲ס˿ڣι, ǸôͻȻ֪ˣ
ʱֱҲɫȴ֪£֡
һֱʳһʹҩԶҲͲˡ
޳ʹ˶٣ֹͣʳˣȻЩ
廪һüͷһ壺Ϊɱ֣Ĳ¡
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޳ʹм˵һ, 廪ȴֻЦ~ҿɲʲôҲɾ, ʮЦٲˡ
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κȻеԿױóأͣͷǰϢǴˡ
صʯŴ򿪣νȥ󣬰ʯƽϡ
廪˫ֱ⣬Ȼؿ޳ʹͻȻѡ޳ʹҲûҪƽϵ˼һͷǰˡ
νʯڣܸоޱȵĺ䣬͸ǵƤ֮У̲ס
һܺȫƳ⡣ʱŻ߽ʯһȣȵľͷĵƹ⡣߽ȥ㿴̫ʯһףʯҵÿ䶼˴ı顣
ϳǼ֮صĺ˵ǰĹɴ˱ôġʯҵĽ÷ҹ飬Űѻ谵ʯյó
ʯﻹһʯڷż黹ķı
εĽŲǿڱ߽ҪһͷŵǸˡ
һһľν־ؿڿʼһ
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ӳ˲հףһ˲һѱļ
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Ůֱסĺӣ£С
Ҳ㣡
ŮŮ˵֣ȻССָḲŮֵϣ𣿡
˵ǴȥģƤϣ϶ۡ
ۡ
ζߣ㲻ۡ
Ů˵ְŮ§ýġ
ãһһֱһֱߵġ
Ů΢ʪ̾˿Ҳһֱ㣬ǡ
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ССĺʲô
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Щܹľ롣
κȻ˺ܶ£һͬȥ֣һͬȥΣһֶͬ飬Щ඼šȥԼļ䣬ԼȻˡ
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ôأ
νڱԣ޵Ĳѣ˵ԣؿޣر¶ԼһеǸ¼䣬Լʱ
ǵģ
ű׿ãε΢ѵվȻˣһʱġ
ʯֱϵ˼ġ
Է¼еĵΣ˼ռǣǡ
˼ô

ѡЩֻŻᾭ˴һһࡣ
Ҳ˼ɣ¶ҲֲԼδТ
ã߳ţƻȹϣΪһ˿֮⡣
廪תΣ۾죬²ûжʣתͷ޳ʹι´ٴ򡣡
νȥʱʵ̫廪갴಻ס޳ʹдһĥʱ䡣
޳ʹû˵ο˿ڣˡ
㲻˵Ҳġ
޳ʹ
һġ
ΰϣȷú󣬲廪һͬ뿪
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صʱ廪귢ĺ鶼ˡĺһͬȥ˵Ҫȥһ֮¶Сߺ㡣
飬Ƿаȥ˵Ǽнޣ˼ý
ӱ˵ġޡ֣廪˲˸޷롮ϵһġ
뵽ǹ๾ðݵĶҺ廪˲ɫˡ
ޣ˵óڡ
ĺʱҲʱ̱Լ٣˵ʱ褱һ
˿ͬΣϣڴʱĺһЩԼɻ¡
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ĺգܶʱ򶼻ΧһУʱ褶Լ˼ϸȥʱԼʱ褿ԼԼһҡ
룬Ҳ֪褵ڲ࣬Լ̫Գ
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ʱ˵أԺģۣڴǰ٣УΪˡ
ĺһЦ˳褵ˣû˵ȥĺ簲һ󣬲ŵаŮʧ
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ǵҲĲʲôˡ
ĺ֣ƺ̫ϲô˵ĺպ֮£褼˵ȥҲ֪ΪΣ㵯ʱǺĶֻҪЦһЦұܿһ졣
ĺû˵˵
ʱҾãŮӣ书㣬ûУ㣬ûб¶ļ
ĺˣԼĶصһסԼ벻ףԼǲġ
ᣬҲͼ书ǿ಻ͼҰͼˡ
㡭
ˣʱһЩ£ƫƫԼֿˡ
ҹĪ
ĺ褵ĴϣȻԼһʱתܣԼ* òᡣ
褽ߵػӦĺ磬ֽʣס
ͷɫŨ룬͵ŷڵĴ.ɫ
褣Сӡ
ʱ褣۾ģĺ̲ס۽ǣƵЦⲻɵøЩ
ݺݵҧĺļϣǰļʺĳ
˻
Ӽ˻ǻҧ˵ġ
ҧ𣿡
΢ƽʱ򣬲Լ鶯֮ʱʲô
ۣͦĵġ
褺
褣Һÿġ
ţҲܿġ
л˵

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68 
˼һֱ, ȥҰִ˺۵ػȥ
ܿ˼ÿμư, ̲ס
ֹݾ侲öࡣаնڹ۲˼˼һ˺ۻȥûסȥ˼
ҩ
ֹݰҩϣ˿̫ˣϺõҩƾȥˡ
ֹǸ֣Ȼó˼Ѿ˼, ڹ·ôߵöģƫƫҧӻȪ·ջһ˻
˼ûоܾùƿҩ, ʵΪʲô£
Ҽǵ, ߵ
˼ס, û˵ܶ˶ֻ֪Ƕϻõֹݹ۲˼κ˭ˡ
ǸĹĿʼ׷
ʱֹݻٹ˵Լôһ, һ֮ҡ
˼벻ңԴʼֻࡣ
Σ
˼ڿ˿, Ȼʹ, ҩͿĨڼҪƤı޺ϡҩĨȥ, ˼ʹûӲ, һûг
ûʲôֻǾͦ˵ġ
˵ˣ˼Ƥƺۣڵ٩ô
ǣ㵹ҲôС
ֹݿ˼ϵ˺ۣ̾˿мǵγһˣ
ҪʲôҹܲţԼĶԹ취ʼղܳȥ
ȥִձޣȥ㲻Щ˵ƤҲҪáЩ˿һʱǺò˵ģȥֻ
ܸоԼɻš
˼˿ڣʹڲȴǺǵЦֻҲܸоԼš
ֹݻͷ˿Ǽģɫ䣺⸱ģȻᲪȻŭ
ᣬٿˡ
˼ڴ˿ڲʹɫĲ
ǰ
˻һ˼һ̧ͷ֮ʱֹѾˡʱõӣ׷£˿ʱҲȾ˿˿ɫ
ӡ
˼ջ˹ȥһΣ޾جΣǰĳ
һΣǿ࣬վڻ֮ϣԶԶ֡˼ɿ˹ȥһβѹԼ־Ͱӵ˻С
ӣҪߣ㣡
ᱧס˼̾˿˼
һһֱġ
˽˼ĻͷļллΪһУ㡣
㡣
㡣
˼ٴڵϣʹľһȵ۽ǻ䡭
ӡܻܲ
㲻ڣû˻ˡ
**
˼˰£ȥѰʱ򣬱һλɱԼǰû֡
֮˼뿪ǣ뱨ȥϻþַ
˼ٴλϻã˲ûߣǻˣȴΪǣΪʯеǸˡ
ʯңʱһ춼ֱȥŻȿˮԵ㷹Ȼֻٽȥ
ֱһ죬κ廪ٴεá
廪棬Ƶؿһ޳ʹôϴսŰܣ
ð˭˭
浶⽣Ӱʯ氲ֻ˼ʯ߶дʲô
ˡ
˼±ʺ̧ۿΣ⡣
ȥ˿࣬Ȼߵ˼ߣڳдزؾ˺һ
һô
⡣
££䣬ʺ˵īҲһһس
û˵̺˼ŵҳһǧ󣬱Ӱ˰ɡ
̧֣ͣۿ˼ֻɫƽֱϣϻܿδı޺ۡ
á
Ӧǲ˽ذһֱţ뿪ˡ
պκˡǲԼͬѡ˶ϻԱƬߣܿ
˼ĸȼɱһͬʰϻã㳣סࡣ
Σ˺ü˼дǣ㿴ٻȥ
ڰƽڻʸ֪΢Ҳ˿ϣ
ն̰˳ãֶε˱Ȩ˵˰˲Ҳ𽥵ظԣ
ֻǻʬB֮λһֱδ۵ĺһֱûжѳת
ȥ۵ĺɿһˣ˼żܻᣬ̬ǡ书˵ãȺΣΪ˴ҥԣ廪ھǣǵ廪ꡣ
նĥ֮Ȼָָģɼ̹̹ģ˵ˣǱҲģ˵ˡ
ã۾ͶԼ˰ˣֻϲɣʴɺ󹬡Ϊˣۻûϵϼӵ̳ˡ
ǻǷǳģֻǷ۶Щɺ󹬵ӶԴǵԳţҲֻܷˡ
**
һһȵӢۻֿʼˣһθССҲμӡ
һεӢۻַǳɽ֮ĦȭƣȫһԼػᡣ
ϣٴһٻŵĽȻܺССɣӢ۲ʳбµľ͸ñ
˴ΣаҲǰаֻɳһˡǵ⵽ǿҵķԵģν̤һôԹԶнһ졣
ңһ˳ǴܵĻᣬֶΪأ
ҲӦˣսһҲԾԾԣϧǶջС߶˰衣
ôͲҿȥһ򡣡
廪Ѿ˺üˣԽԽ
ôôս
Ρ
вס
廪ĵʱ򣬱̨ѾֳʤСʤһʤ˰衣
ɽٰһϯֻһ㲻̫ϲֳϣ˸ɾͺ廪뿪ˡ
ɽּ䣬ǣ֣ŽнԶЦԽԽĳ
ǵǾɽɽȻһ°ߡ
˵ţ廪̲סЦҲ֪ԼʱôģҲԼʱӳˣ˺Ĺ¡
ǰĪ
κ廪˸طŴִɣ̧ͷǿգʱһƬʱҲֲſġ
廪꿿εļϣָϵǣ˵˼᲻ͬһڿأ
ôͻȻ
廪ٻ˼һμ˼֮ǰĻ͵ҩ˻˵Լһͷ׷Ҳͦã˵ʲôʱߵͷˡ
ֻǾãͦ¶ġ
ÿοվķǰòҲ֪ʲôʱ⾲ֹˣԶ߲
һôž޵ˣŻ޷أ
廪棬ϧ˶֪٣ֻ˼ǵξ޹ʱ⡣
ضôľžޣ˼Ǻܾúܾõģᡣ
§ס廪ֵ꣬Ǻˡ
š
˵߳𣿡
廪ʡ
ܵġ
ЦЦ׵ᣬһ߳ġ
أ
ʲô
ʲôʱȥ롭
ͽӣ
գ廪Цҹɫ֮£ɽۣ֮¡
꣩

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