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ؼ֣ǣĬBҹϧ  ǣܶܶ  ٺϣܿ
һ仰飺ÿ춼ѹ
⣺ֻһߡ


1 
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֮ռʹ˳ߣתתͳִĬBϢˣҶĬB׵ĸԼһֱ˹Ҳ˰ײιȥĳ档
ΪʲôѡԼĬBҲû̫࣬ϾԵԼȽϷռ˰ɡ
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ĬBΪǣЩظҪӲֻ֣Ҫˮ᳤ÿһĶһӶã˳ڴУоÿᣡ
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ռ侭׬ǮʼЩ߰ëǮ飬ɲ㣡


5 
ˣúֵأȳȥˡ
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ΪĬB֮ǰ˯ôѾ밲ˣпԭǸӣȥ밲ˡ
ڴϣĬBЩʧߣŤͷ˿Ա߱۾ƽ͵Ĵҹϧü˵ֹסˡ
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ĬBһûŭôڵϣˡ
ҹϧҲûԼױã߹վߣӰױ̨ǰ
ǲͶ̥ˣĬBһ䡣
̥ûͶܴԱ𣬲ͦõģһ㣬ͷȥ˴ȥ棬ֻҪ㰲ֵ㣬ҪʲôҶ㡣
λ˼ģ̽һ䡣
ҹϧվ̧ͷͷ³һ嵭֣š
ȻҪˣҾΪѾˡͻȻôһ䡣
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ҹϧɫ˵ǾͲҪ˵ˣҲⱧشϢϢղ밲Ҳ˵ʲô
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ҹϧãҲûнʲôֱ˦ˣ{һȺŮĬBϴ
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ĬBԼԱţȫߵĴҹϧŮҲһԣģô˵ʲô˵һ鶼ǹƨ


6 
ȻŮ˵ĻŲãԼʲôҲǷˣ
ûǴʮˡ䲻ҹϧƮôһ䡣
ĬBߣʮߣǴ㣬ڻӵĵ䷶üţƵĺܡ
ҹϧ
Ĭ˺һ˵Ҿøʰ͵תҵעҵġ
Ҳұ´󡣡
ˣ˵ʲô
ƢҲ·ˣջҡ
ĬBҧгݣвң
ҹϧһУͷĺ촽һǡ
вֻ㰲ֵ㡣
ĬB˼ѲҲˣһš
ҡҡλδһ̲סԴһ῿ڴҹϧϴ
Ůһɵζζ˵̤ʵ
һҲ֪õ·ʻ
ҹϧϲŮ𣿡ż˯⿪һ䡣
ᡣҹϧԥ³֡
ĬBЩˣô϶
Ƴ˹˵һ͹ˣԸɱҴڼҵĻУ֮ȫ˼ڻλϡ
ĬBһвҡ
вֻǸ㣬ҵˣҵĹҵģҲ˵䲻ĻҲϲ
ߣҲÿԸԸ⡣
󹬵Ӷ޼ҸʾͳˣҾøҪ޼ξˣ
ĬBһ׳յĿɫ˵ôǻĴҹϧЩǿ˯˯qjˡ
ҵ찡ôŮ˳ˣ
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ʹֱȥ鷿ʥϣ·ķ羰ĬBҲûͣЩƮŴҹϧֱš
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䲻һ仰ĬBǺסܿĳȻôš
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Ѿ{ռУԣ{ȡаĬBǰ
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ЩĬBĵŻ⣬ǳС»͵ʲô
ϸʵ۵˼ƺеףԱԼҲûë
ɡͲ͵鱦


7 
ʺ͵Щÿһ⣬ҲõǮɣΪԺԸӷĳȥң˽ǮбҪһġ
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ˣжˡܵĬBǰһڴ˵һ䣬ƺޡ
Щ⣺ʲôˣ
ô죿
ţɡҶȵĻһ䡣
ĬBֿ⣬ԭյֻЩĲֿ˼˿ɫʣڿеĶ꣬аʮУ⻹ʹУܶռ˵ЩıȽϿ졣
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ĬBһ飬ε˵ʵܣİлʺҿɲ̫أʲôëҿɵ𡣡
ҹϧĿüͷԵúܲ˵Ժ󲻹ʲôҸ
㲻Ұ춼ͱˣ
Ǿٻһ
ĬBǺЦôô谮𰡡
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ҹϧҲϲʡ
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ҹϧĿǰ̧һУͷ˵ԣ˴ˣҿɲʬ
ĬB̲סۣ˳Ųú˵


8 
ãӦ㣬ҾԻѹߣǵǸ˻ӣ֪᲻ᰵԸңСҪžҪˣԲһ߶Ϲɵ˵
ܺáҹϧ̬ȡ
ղû𣿡ĬB˳Ĵϣһ䡣
ҹϧǣ֪ͨҡ
Ƕ˫̥Ůһ㣬һܿ
ĬBŬŬ첻˵ʲôˣҡҡλ˯ͷ˯˹ȥ
һֱ¼ҵļҷ綼ϣҲֻж¼е⣬ļͥˡǽħģЩħıֻвŮÿһǵɵĬBߣҲ֪ʲô˸ŮĸؼҹӲûдڳħ
СĬBǷŷ˳ɳΪ¼Ѫأѧܿ죬ɼãҲҲĵĺܣûôҲ΢ЩŰԸżĹ˳ֻһֻƤĴǣǲá
仰˵ɳĿռ䶼ǺɵģûκֻҪҪϲϲԸԼͬԱŮˣֻҪϲںŮˡ
˭涨Ů˲ܹһˣ˭ãԸ˭һӣ˵ҹϧͦĶģϣϾԲôϡ
ȻϲϲҲҪ뿪ˣôȤúһ棬˯˾ͻؼҡ
밲ûʱ䣬ȥ·;ʱȽ϶ࡣ
ĬBԺϵѣӴӴҹϧĻƿ⿴š
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10 
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12 
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13 
㴹صȺҪһ֧ľרȺ׼ˣùȫȨ𣬿˵ľǹһǿġǺÿսʢҲ⡣
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14 
Щ˵Ĳϲˡ
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15 
ʼմҹϧڿŵһϣĬBѯʣ˵ԡ
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ǡ
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ظҹϧ˫Ʈżֻ֡
ĿԣսǮϽǮĊ˽ţĬĬתӣǮ͹ȥɡ
أģĬBҲ¼ҵôģҵñЩ߰ͷ㼴Ҳҵˡҹϧ߷ſ
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磬İ취ѧϰħûкĴУ¼ҵĳħǵþߡ
ҹϧſڣݣջ̲סˡ
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16 
ĬBĶһ鸡ѹ˵ûãҪҼҵڳϲС
ҹϧЩõü¼ҵҪӣ
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˼ְֱķǳ
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17 
ҹϧΪľԺǮҲͰͣһֵľʵǿֻҪ֧úúܶ鶼ܷ㣬硭ռ
ǿռٳɳĶռɳˣũֵĶ࣬ũĶ࣬ĶǮͶˣһѭбҪ֡
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Σڵûз֮Եֻ֣¼ҵĳħ˴У˶ѡ
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֪ľÿʿкüֻ飬ûз޾Ӷ࣬ܶ඼ʳϵޣҪ黨ιʿǳȥɱǿ԰ܴæ
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㣺ǸУǱר黨ݸҩġ
ߣϵǸ󣡡
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18 
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19 
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ǳȥʲô߲ᴫȾаļǺšĬB»⣬ŸϣֱЩڵλá


20 
ٽгһ, Щܽǵ񶼱ߣȷе˵ߣڳкӣҲһЩǵļ˴粽š
ϣĬBκаֻΪʱûгԶݼ, 
ʿܾǣԼܵʲôߣ, Щ˶, ܾ
һӵĸע⵽ԶĬBûܵǰˡ
ʱ侭ɫɫˣĬBһǷǸˣűһҵҪãɼݲ͡
ͨһĬBǰһȴ޵ˡ
ĬBв, ְ֪, 
˲ΡΡվʵС㣬ȾЩǰɣʲô, ᴫȾǼչǶúõġ
һᾡܣҺú˵˵ʲô֢״һ·ûʲôĬBٴοЩӣܿʲôΪҲܿȥ̽顣
˵ͷ˵ЩЩӵ飬ƴ˴մҲ˽⡣
ǵĴӱϮ󣬴ʰǰԪǹ·Ҳ׷ɱٴΪ˱ԼҵĺӱˣʣµһЩ˶Ǻӡ
Ϊǰ·ʵзֿۣҲ˾һҵôҲҵŮһֱߣ
·һ׷ɱȺʲôҲֻ֪֪ǿӣܳץˣһǸﶼеȺ֮ҵŮʼգҲֺ˿һĶҲЩԪǵʱӵ΢㣬سǵʿ˵˲ܽǡ
̫ҽҲιҡҡͷˣ̫ҽҽֱܷ治ӵõĵǲߣǶһΪʲôֻкǵˣЩû£
ĬB˼һȷϵȷ·ֻȷŮû뿪߹
˺ܿ϶ĵͷŮ꣬һ·ҶǱδ뿪߰벽һ·ȷʵֻ
·û˳ֱǣ
ˣУʱľӣɱˣ֮ûӣ·ֻ߳ң˲١ĺϸЩЩϸڻЩǣһһ˵ˡ
ȫˣǾͿųɣһҲ¼ǺŻͷȥҵһʲôͻԥĳ֡
ʣµľȷֲϵľϵԼﶼеȺΧеŲס
ϳֵĺ˿ҿĬBʵ
СԵȡתܿԶһСľУһСŮˡ
СŮ˰ѺӱĬBǰӣСֱϺȻһϸ˿ߣ͸ͷ˿һƲ⴦
ĬBһĺҲУ
˵ͷУߵĺ϶УλòͬȣСȣӣ䣬ؿҲС
̫ҽô˵
δ˵ʲôڰеĺӼһ󣬼̫ҽһСһҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
ĬBһЩ²⣬Ťͷ򱡷㣬߻⣬ִ̧СŮֱϣ̽вֵ̽ͷ
ǻо𣿡涿һ䡣
ĬBģʱûΣգֻЩ֣ʱ߲Ҫȥĵطſܡ
˶٣ĿڣͷһǣǱܾС
㣬Ҳ˻еСŮ˵һ䣬˫ˮĴ۾Ǵã
ĬBһϣĪЩӷᣬ̧Դ˵ֻҪԹԵĴһûµģ취ġ
۵С˲õЦݣţ
ĬB̧ʣ˵˵ȺĴλãʲôʱߵģмˣ
˵ڴɽȺڹʮˣ¡
У֪ˣϢȥɣ˻ͳԵĹóԳԣúȺȣⲻǲӲµģıʡ
ĬBⷬøֹźӻסСľݡ
㣬ôһ䡣
㣺˵ȷʵļǺš
һֱﶢ˼Ǻŵô
ҵɱ֮
Щ̫ҽ֪ܲ߶֪Ϊʲôû˵ΪʲôҪ˵ǴȾ
㴹ӺͯϵļǺſԿ϶ֻƷĵȽס
зֵͽףнף߽ףƷƷƷ
ƷǻǱصĹƣѱƷƷ
޵ĵȽ׻ĬB˽⣬ЩȽ׿Ʒ
أ
ԣ²İգһֻԤϵǿ󣬻ǳʲôɳȥĽȫأ
ĬBԶԣǻʵһֱûԭ
ӸλҪ˼ɵ̫࣬Űʱôĳ䱻ƻô޼ҿɹԪǣڲ֪Էʵǰɳȥǲǵģһ˾ֱסЩô죬ܲʻõģϾѾ˺ܶ࣬ںһЩɣҲʮĺӡ
ĬBȴôΪͬʵ۵ˣҪɨʱ򣬾Բȥɨûʮյֻܱҡ
еĲʺ̣˵òľȥ̽һ̽
ĬBһ㶣ʶʣ𣿹ͬ𣿡
ֻҹˣԪǷΧвľҲóС
ȷʵˡ
ٲȻλأҪȷϵپķ
ڵȷһ£ɽ͹֪٣
ͷա
ɽλڴԪƫһɽ˵Ԫһɽɽ棬黨ݣǺܶеıأͬʱҲЩϲĵطɽаغܶиֻΣء˵ĿǰΪֹûĸܵɽܶ˶н޳òľɽ鲢ס
ڹһ˵мʷˣйһλΪǧڵĹӣʲôʲô飬ҲҪۣ˵ÿεԸ˶Լͷ˵ԼͷȥҪĶΪа˻ûʧųа鲻ֻ֮Ե˿롣
ǴɽǹܲǺöԸĵطǧڹȻûɱˣͷΪȴЩаռôͷʲô˭һֱǸԡ
ĬB΢Ϊ˼ӷ񣬻һõ壬˭֪ȻҪͷĵطȻ̫ˡ
ǴɽеﻹǸʲôϵطҪúõһ£һ£ֻԼ
ҹϧûĬBҲ䲻ôֻ֣Ȼȥ
ǰŻصűͰһЩȥЩӣޣɳȥֻ̫࣬ȰһЩӦһ£ȵҹϧٰŲľ˹ȥء
ڴҹϧλıȽ磬ʱͻˡ
֪ˣĬBɱȥֱԡ
ôһϴҹϧƳһһ䡣
ĬBһۣվԱ߲İϵĴһ飬Ȼ˵£ЩӵӦ֪ɣ
ҹϧüͷûпǱĬˡ
ʲôɣ
ҹϧվԡͰг¼ù·ϣתĬBֻ˷䡣
ѵǵֻҹˣΪг̫ƽ˵ʵЩ͵ĵطȥĬBЩûˣһ˦˵ϡ
ҹϧ˳Աߵλãָ̧Լ˱ˮһڻ˵ֵȽ׵ﲻ˵ɱɱǺܽƻ˵ĴɱҲûԭصɱһֱضѪɺӣ漰Ķ̫ˡ
Ǿʲô
ǴԪĻӻкüȥ
ĬBһ㶣Ȼɵ¶һĨζЦ⣺Ҿð˻ӿȥ
ҹϧһҵŪȥֻϧ˴ˣ˵һЩһ٣ıףҲˣǲʤ顣
Բۣ
汻˴ˣñҪҪôɣ
ĬBһɵĳƵŲŮˣֱ˵ʣҹϧ˻Ӳ˴İɣ


21 
ҹϧüõĿ, ³һĿʣֻ˵֮µˣ
ĬBһ㶣εЦЦҲŶôôҪֱӾˮڵİ˵鲻̫ķ
ø˵飬ͷˣӦǴɰ, Ͼ˵Ҫ뾭ҹϧͬ⣬ǰһ˼ѾˣӦþɺˡ
˻ӺôҲ, Щôײ𣿡ĬB뵽Щɻһ䡣
ҹϧԼĲ豭, ˵ʹΪ͵Ϯûü־ͱˡЩвһЩߣ޼ҿɹв٣û˼壬ûǿһ̶֮ǰֻһ˵߸Щͨİպ޲죬ǲ벻ֻȥҲֻܸһ𵽴
ĬBɵøдͦ, ҾǿŪһЩ, һȺϮ򶼱ԴԴȡַյ԰Ĺ, ǻ򣬶Կ
ҹϧţ̧ⰵӿ
أ
УһЩµһбȽǿﾭԶź֪ͨĽߣֵܳҲܵһʱϹȥȻͽȽϺõ㣬Ҳ֪ʵķѱȽϾ޴󡣡
ҹϧͷܲһ£ĬB뷨ο
Bʺ֮λϲ
䲻һ仰ĬBһЩŵĿ
ʺ֡
ʡ
ʺλöģŮءĬBʵϵһ䣬ʺŮۺǺ߱Ƚϰ㡣
ҹϧ֪ˡ
֪ʲô֮ǰɸ˵ˣλᣬıλɱ߱ĸ治ĬBһۡ
ҹϧüһۣЩС
Ů˶Լ¶ݣĬBҲЩûףʱĲ֪ҹϧʲôԤıʲôƵᣬʵвΪӪҲ빬ϳϵķӿʲô취׸Ī糯
ҹϧĵȫûеס
һƮƮĬBˣҲ˵ʲôŴҹϧܻҲǸзִˣԼĺ·
ԹɣͷɵȥһЩӿһǸأȻɽ͹õһ£ҽϸѯʹЩǱ֮Ͼͳ˼Ǻš˵ŴҹϧķӦ
ţҸջʱ򱡷˵ˣѾ˲ľ˹ȥأڴɽ͹λ⣬λ취ɡ
ĬBĵĵͷˡ
ҹϧ̧˵С΢еУָкܲ
ҪǮġĬBߡ
ҹϧзЦ⣺ҪǮûУҪɫС
ֻҪǮľܾˡ
ɫծҹϧĬBֱӰϣס
ĬBľĲҪҪģȻ̫ˣҪŮ˹Ҳ֪ú¡
֮ˡ
ΪЩвľɽ͹鴾ҹϧҲᰲţĬBѵ˯һС˳ǱҪĲǰ˱㡣
𴲵ʱ򶼿ˣҹϧͽ˹ȥС˳ܵı{ˡ
׬˿ʮˡһ߷һЦ˵
ĬBЦ԰˲١
С˳潥ǿҵ죬ûһһŻݣǷȥ
ԺҲԽԽġռѾ࣬Ϲ߲˽Ӷ࣬ʱ˳Ǳϼܳ۵ĶҲ࣬ȻҲˡ
ҲֹסĿģǣĹӻԽԽõġ
ǱġͷѴҹϧµЩӶһ£ʱÿǮֳָо̫ˣ
ʱеΣ̫ˣ緹е磬ĬBͳ˵СĽˡ
˻ӱ˴ʲôˣ궫Ӳ죬뵽һ䡣
ĿʣָǺ⣿ʰ˻ˣ
ûҵЩˣ
δҵܿģð˻ץѱЩץҲṩܷġ
ĬBĶһ٣ĬĬ׹ˣɫʱޱȣҹϧȻܿȥôݵ飿
ΣΪ˵˰Ѱ˻ӴˣôʲôҪʲô飬㶼߹˻ӾС£㲻Ҫñ߹ҲҰ
ĬBĪҧгݵ飬֪ʴҹϧʱŮ˷ϵôɴ࣬ǸߴϵĴô˼͵ϮŹƫƫŮ˰ȥɵġ
֮леĸоҹϧΪԼôġ
ðɣʲô֪ˣϾ費ܱ°޵ĴԲôûڲٵ顣
ճһռ䣬С˳룬ĬBҧһСֲſڣȥһ¡
»һǷҪѣŽֱߵѯһ
»һڶô޵·һ֮Ϳˡ
һҹϧ˵Ҳ߰ײ̶ͬȺɫ·ŮǺɫÿ춼׼ͬͬɫȵ·͸װƵá
ҾúɫͦõġĬBһ䣬ҹϧӺãɫԵܾޡ
ҹϧ䣬Ϻɫ˼ޡ
΢ö¾Եøӻˡ
붬ȷʵ׼··ǿ׼ɣģڵģ׵Ķԣ̫ˡ˵һ䡣
ǣū澼ˡ
ǲйڽϣھ˻ľ¥߳Ļʱɫһ䣬˵ӡ
ĬBһ㶣ŤͷȥöϴھͶĿ⣬ĿԣûаѺá
Ӵھ׿ͷŷˣǸҹϧ̵ˣ˫˵ˮݡ
û˴ҹϧھ׿嶤ϵ̫ѡˣдҹϧһһֱò̫֮λҪѻͶѻ𣬺ƽദԲܡ
ĬBǴҹϧˣȻҲжˡ
Ŵھޱ飬ӺͰ˻ͬĸǵŹ
ͬĸӺͰ˻ȫǷģ˻˧Ʀ෴ԸɫϣһǸˡ
˵ҹϧıǶıѩھ׵ıǲ䣬żа
ھͻȻֳ̧ʵһ¡
ĬBסŲûӦ
ձ֣ǴӸкиòҲûʲôס
ھ֮󣬶˵Ƕӡ
װģĻȻԭǶӰ˼ûϳ
ΪҪ鷳ȴֻǵͷ뿪ˡ
òƣкֻǳò
ˡ
ԸҹϧƾеĶ֣޴žҲ硣
ĬBһżǰߣû߼Ҵ
ˣ̽һˡ
ɫһʣʵۣ
ǣŹ


22 
ĬBǸԲ۰, ŹȻҪ˰˻ӵ벻ʲôԭֵŹ빬ˡ
Ѳɰ˻ӱ˴Źģ
˻΢˼֣ͱ˴ˣɵͷòҲ֮Уǣǿ˵㡣
, 
ǡ
һ빬ƺǰӿ, ûͣġ
֮жɣʺɡʺ, Լɡ
ɲŹǷʺɵģ˵ʵۻ̫ӵʱȻʸ̫ѡ̫ǴӻʺŹ֮ѡʱȻѡŹȻʺȴѡ˻ʺ߷һ̫ʵĻʺ, ŹҲ˲
ʵҲвٴ, ˵׻ǻʺ󴦴ѹŹһͷŹѻԹ
ʺŷ丸ŷŮմԪı, ˵еףŹĸ̫ʦҴ£һһǵµұ۰
ӵλϣŷ̫ʦʵǲģû취ŷŮǴѹ̫ʦһͷڳͷҲˮš
ˮеˡ
Ӧûû빬ͷ˹һ¹ĬBӊ˽ŹһЩЩ˵
Ҳǲҵģһĵͷ
˹ȥҹ{ĬB̫ĴǰŹסĹ
иС¥Ǹˮ鿸¥ȡƸ󣬸¥ϿԿ羰±߿ŹշΪʱʵ׿˽ģŹĹƣʶȡƸ
{¥ݿڱص̫£ŹָĬBһȥ
ĬBЦǵɫһĵȻȹ¥
ƸΪǰ֣ǰ;̨м䣬˿Źڹ۾̨ȴ
ĬB߹ȥʯϵŹ̧û̫Ůź׼Ҫһһ̸
Źûлʺô䷴Цǳǳ峺ºΪˣ֪˻Ϊôƽ״ء
ᣬ޺˴ӵһۿ̲ס˽䱸ġ
ĬBǱˣ滻֪
Źͣ½ŲŹ
񣬽ֻ죬ɻҲвˣûкúø˵ءŹ΢Ц˵ɣŷ˼ģҲ֪ϲϲ
лĬBҲʯ£˳ƿϵļ̵
֣÷۸⣬ˮƴ̡
ǻʺԼԵĿ羰ȫûκ⣬ŹǾͲ˵ˣĬBŵЦ⣬ǲʧмеЦݣ֮Ҳû˵ʲô
ŹҨһС͵ǰЦ̫ͣҽԺŮҽģвѪĹЧ˴ˣζ
ĬBǰŨŨҩζ֭ԥ£ҨһڣܻҨ𵽷ŵ⼸ʱ㹻űҷӦˣʵ֤űûκηӦǾͱʾûмӹʲô
һڣζԣ˼˼˼ڡ
ЩġӣŹ˵֪ĻΪŹء
ĬBûжֱ̧˵ʣʲôֱ˵ɣεġ
ŹϵЦһ٣Щε˵Ǹ˻ӻ̫أͱƽˣɺã
ĬBЦѾ϶˻ӵ˾ˣ
ˣĬBҸ˻һʶҲܰôֻǴǱҾͲ˵ˣ֮ĹϵΣϾǹˣҪĶӦñҸ˽ӡʵ˻ӻðɣҲû̫֣ȷʵе㣬иˡ
˵ĺޣ˰˻鲻ģҲܿ˴ҹϧǶԴҹϧ˽Ҫְ˻²ֻǱϸ첲ô򵥣ͬʱҲôҹϧŹ
Ļ˵ӺͰ˻ӵĲ࣬λǿһӾ͹ˣҲԽԽãҲ
ҪгһնӲˣλôֵ˻ͷϡ
Ź΢䣬ֻһ˲ͻָһ΢ЦԼǣӦòԼݺΰɣҲǱ°ͻ⡣
Ҳ˵ԪʵдûŮ۵ĳ֣ϵλҲѵǸλãԵĿɲЩӣԼ°յϿɣαء
ĬBͷǰĬBҲÿ춼ȰϵգΪ£ͬʱҲΪʺ㸣䲻֪˭ԻλȤʵԾǳԱû¸ɰɣ˶˵ԻλҰĲЩǶе⣬Ԫôһλܵǵж뻹ͦҵģһֻΪƻ£ǡû¸ɸأ
ⷬŹʼ˼
ĬB˵ĬB飬˼̫˭²͸ô˼ҿӦûǸ˼ġԹλǱؾ֮£ıҲôõλⲻʲôɻ飬˭ܵõλƾˣ⣬ҪԵĿꡣ
ǣͦģΪŮΪԪºͣǴڼҵŮŮ㣬ǲģǻʵôԪŮۣǴ͵õһδλˡ
ʺҲлӣǴ׵ܵܣԼ׵ܵܺͰˣ
Źҡҡͷ׽
ĬB˵ЩǶһͬʵģŰ¶ưͣΪʲôΪ°ѴڸͬȵĵλϣĪҰŵʲôĿģµ˼ȷˡ
Źɫµ˼Ȼܺġ
ҺûϵûǸ˼ˣǺܺõĴѡķâɱȴλӳɳǿĥʯҲǱ¶Դ֮ȻԪôһλǱȽϡġ
ĬBŹķӦȫĽŲˡ
ɲҶжԴҹϧȻŰҲжˣҹϧΪߣ㱻׷ɱҲӦԣͲˣΪԼСΪԼҹİΣҪŤתһЩǵơ
Ź֮ԶôȫǾǻʵ۵ˣùλӣȫûȷ֮ǰǵзˡ
Ϊ˻ֻǱ˴ıף΢˵ͷʵˣҲһСˣôС͵ϮˣŹֻ뵽ĬBɵģϾҹϧ飬˸벻
ĬBˣλŲѾνĬBģҲʲô
ŹζűеĲ豭˼Σ̧ĬBʣ¹ߵ˰ɣӦ˵Ǳµ˰ɣ
ĬBЦҲϡ
汾ŹƸ󷽵ĸ¥Уԥ£˹ȥ
µС䣬¯ģжƮһɵζܺŵҩ㣬˻
ģű΢΢ĬB͵һζжסϵŹȴŮ˺ɣϢƽ͡
űҵ𶯻ڼΣա
ķһϣĬBתһۣĿŹ
Ǻ⣿
Ź΢Ц˵е㲻̫ģûΪ׵һ㡣
ԲۣŹòҲǸϲŮɫģ
ô˵ģӦŹǸ˫ϲʵۣ˽»ϲŮɫ
ҵ谡Ҫˡ
ĬBԥתҪߣɸһĸоб˫һڵϣ٣
ĸоǳջ̧ͷݺݵЦⲻŹ
űһھ䣬𶯵ı֮ǰӼңһɺ͵شԱߴʶŤͷһŲҰ׺ѪɫԷģವĶŵݺһϡ
ⲻˣ
ĬB׼Լٻʱھ״ǸŮ˹
ھ״Ů߲ƺûĴڣŹҲ޶á
ĬBͷֻŵĻ˲٣ΪŹֻŮʲô˿̿˻ŹǾΪΪˡʲô˼ˡ
ŮŹװǹŮֿʽ·һ㶼ǸŮУѵߣǰǷŹΪʲôԭ򱻺ģ
ĸҲ̫ϧˡRŹһ䡣
Źûİһ۵ϧʲôϧһˣˣȥԵ㶫˵꣬߳˷䡣
ĬBüǸŮ⺬޵ĿŹȥȷŹϺĿڴRϣԾַߺ޵⣬Թ
Źǰ˻Ӻ㣿ĬBֹһ䣬RŪ¯ûĻԱǸŮŤͷ
ףҵҵʬ壬ϴԩҰӳȥ
ĬBüͷŹͰ˻ӺҲʬ岻Ϊĸ϶һЩֻŮ˳
Ź֪˻ӶԼ˼Բ˽ôһϷҪ˻ԼԼΪ˻ӵˣ˿ϵҪЮá
ʲôʲôĶӡ
ȻôˣҲҪˡ
ҵŮ±ߣ֪ͨȥѻʺӦڹ·ˣ˶ҹ߻һĬBЦǾͰֵĴһ㡣
{ŮϲǿĶŮҪӦòѡ
£Ůʧˡ
R¯лҩĵ㣬תߵĬBǰӿ
˵ʲôǵģעҪΪҵ˵ġ
ĬBݱ䣬ĬĬ˵ڴ֮ǰܻܲشһЩ⡣
˵
ǲֻҪϵŮ˲ʲôݱνŮ㶼ϣ
RЦݲãΪʲôܣԸҳǵң㶼֪жŮҵĴء
ǾûһǲԸǿȻʬ𼣵ģ
ƺ뵽ʲôϵЦһ١
ĬB׽쳣ʵ˻ӣ𣿡
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ӴѹЦ֪ʲô֪ɱȼɱˣ
һ룬RסĲӣĿһ㣬ɿ㲻ˣĬBôͰȻԿ硭Ҳȥɣ


23 
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ңͺһ˲ЩĿӷ䡣


24 

ҹϧͱɫϽĿ, ǵûʲô⣬ЩµĿߣŵĿܡ
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ҹϧͱ㶼ߣֺҹκӰ죬ĬBľеǺˣһץŴҹϧһץűСĸš
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˳ƿȥصůѣؽѲ࣬ԴʳѬ⣬ƶԣסҲԣܶ乬УλòһС̴¸հյ¶ȣЩ¶Ȼǻڽбů
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ߵůǰůѵĸѾҲЩ¿һƬ
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ò˵ůҲȽϷʬǻȥһ¡
ĵͷůһ㶼һСůй̨׶ˣǵȹͱٲ鿴ɡǻԶ㣬ߵĵо̫ι̡
ĬBҲоµĵЩԷıˣתߣɸһɶֻůѿڴסǰߵģ˳ЩˤůУˤ˶ͷۻ
תůһڣĬBˣô£ŵĺû°ɣ
ӴˣϽйĬBŻʹһ䡣
ڴ˿̰乬УСҹϧͱ㲻Ŀں͸˹
ůѱȥˡҹϧ󲽹ĸæ˵
ҹϧվڱ¿˿ȷһĬBŵλãԾȥ䵽ߡ
Σ
ˤҶðˡĬBֹȥڰУҹϧס֣һͷͱ§ڻС
ߵػû̫ӲʯͷĬBûˤˣеۡ
ȥ˵ҹϧҪȥȴĬB¡
ȵ£Ȼ˼ůѰɣҾůѵĻϻʬڵĵط
á
ҹϧӿռȡһӣ΢Ļ˲ԾںڰУƻϸ鿴ůѡ
ռ䲢Ҳʮƽӣ
ϸһȦûκʬ壬ĬBеСźΪҵء
ˣǻȥɣ乬ůѵĶҪһ¡
š
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Ӧˡ
ȷϰ׹ǡ
ԥһվԱ߿š
һδĬBǱҹϧԱߡ
Ǿ߰׹öůѵڣʱһѹ˰׹ϣղǵʱֻܣȫûע¡
ֻЩǣ˸ղųĬBȹǵİ׹ǣ֮»߰׹ǣ
ܹ߰׹ǣ·һûУͷڣȷŮˣǰ·İ׹ǣǹŮװ硣
Ū˻ѣ±ߵĸˡ
߰׹ǱһһڷԱƽ̹ĵϣĽŵǰ鿴ǰ·İ׹ǣ߰׹ϻһЩƷҲֻܴЩƷȷݡ
һ߰׹ǴŸߵŮķΣһǵ͵ȹŮ·İעȫǸŸߵŮװİ׹ϣӼ׹ϵӣҷļöӣͿ
ǻӻǻʺʹ͵ġ
ĬBвͬʱ˿ΪҵʬǶ˿вΪ߰׹ϵ·ãôǰǿȹ
һ·İ׹Ҳ࣬Ǿû·İ׹ʲôˡ
İ׹Ƿ棬ҲǸղųĬBȹǵģһʬڻ֮ǰŮ
е벻סĬBͻȻ˵һ䡣
ҹϧĿô
ĬB˵˻ӶԻһʱ嶯ˣְǻʺˣ»ʺ׷һֱɱʬû·İ׹Ҳ˵ڶ߰׹ֻһͨŮ˻ҪһͨŮҲɱʬɣұȻʱ仹硣
ҹϧ˼
ĨȷʵǣһͨŮŪˣȫαɱȫҪʬ嶪ߣе͵ȵĹŮ̫࣬ݲײ顣
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ֻа˻Ź֪ˡ
ȻһۣĬBʶתԹԼİ׹ǡ
ûκηӦɫƽûбߣĬB漴ͷһˡ
ȻԿ϶ŹǶĸӸɵģ޶֤Ҫνҷʵܿ𣿡
ҹϧƳһ˵и˿üа˵û˻ɡ
˭
ʦ
ĬBһ֣ţƺĴиˣʣʦæ𣿡
ҹϧһǾͿݼˡ
һ±ơ
ҹϧͷյ˵˽ļƻֱĴȽкˣǳУ
ͷˣѼ߰׹Ǽһ뿪ůѡ
л㣬¡ҹϧ뿪֮ǰ˵һ䡣
ĬBͷȻǼ뿪ˣһ乬УԼԱɭɭĻ
𣿡һЦʵ
ͷ
°ռƻǰѹʦŪ֮͵ÿ߹ʦˣʬܰҵ˵ڲкܶţŹͰ˻Ǳ߲ܵõĳͷȻֵĴһ㡣
һϡ
Щ˻ӺŮӻǶбŹģҵĶҵߡ
á
ĬBϵĻĬĬʣܸ֮ǰǲλãʲô
̧ߵķָָ̧ͬʱűҲҫһǸȥ
ԲۣǱҵˡ
Ͻ壬߾ۼţ¼¡
á
õĻشĬBͽָķܹȥһֱָǱߣܵ˻ûܵ
ҵ谡ҪǷҶܳҹȥͺˡʱиôð
Ӧ֣ҹϧֻˣɫһϲܴҷɹȥ𣿡
³ǰ
Ҿ͵ͬˡĬBСıһգ۾ͷԶˣһźɵ̾ĲˣٶȸǷɶ˲תư
ָ·ʮĹ͵Ŀĵء
ָ乬ʧĬBҲˡ
ĬBվſھĿܣ߽ȥ
乬еر𣬲ǹǼ򵥵ũСԺéݣַƬ乬и롣
СԺеѾƣǼؿݲݴéҲõĵǶƶ񤡣
ĬBû룬ŲԺУĸܵéк˵ӿǲǵϢǹűҾȻûзӦûΣյ˼
éʲôڣǲָ֪͹űָǲͬһ
B¾ݴԱߵΧǽϷɽ
ĬBһϲڡ
ߵаܲ㲻˵¾һ䡣
һ飬а
ڣ𣿡
ֿЦˣ
塭
ʲôа̽Եʵˣʲôа
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ôԣĬBЩˡ
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ھں߿ţҲֳֻܱӲͷƤˡ
򵥵һƮ˳ȥһڰ˫˶ˣĳ˳ˣȵ߳éɵõ˿
һֻţ񹷵ĶǺһƬβϸβ
ʲôģһ䡣
¾ʼ磺֪֣ͷҹаͬʱںܴ󣬾и׶ǰǿҵʱǺǿҪصĵطˮ͵ֻСɣ棬ֻ޻̫ףûҲ̫ġ
ĬBůůģͷˣڣ֮ǰ˵ǸصĶͬһ𣿡
¾ԥһ˵Ӧǣ乬ұˣֻҪȥĵطˣδصĶҲˡ
Уҵ»һϷˣ󱦱һ̡ĬBֻ֣ɵ߹ǰ
뿪֮ǰĬBЩĵ¾ݣʧҧҰɣô޽Լ
¾ݰһ˵ѪΪ
ðɡĬBĺ󱳣˳ȥٶȺܿ졣
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֮ǰǴ𣿡ĬBȷϵ
ҡҡͷǹʦĵ飬乬ֹ乬а
һ㶣ǵǸôɾͷˣиĶûбҳ
ģЩɫҲſڷĿ¶׹


25 
ĬBŵĿſ, һźſھۼƮ
Բۣʲôæ˵
һźɷ֮ŨҷǸ乬䣬嶼ľ
Ǹ֮ǰץ, Ǿʶʣֻĵ׵ĺⱻҪҪɱ, ֹǲܵþȡ忪˵һ䡣
Ǹǿһ㶫治ҿ, Щ屻ȷʵҲͽлҲеǺ
ĬBһԻ˵ƻʼ׼á
ɫһ࣬ǵͷ
飬鷳һǸܿͻæ˵ͷ, ͺһ˹ȥź
ĬBԺһξ, Թű˵ңշźţԽԽãԷһǶ
һ, űҫУ̻һڿиһͼƣ¼ҵı־Ѫɫڴ˿̻Ұ׵쳣עĿ
ҹϧ˻ϹЩѲߵʿҲ˶
ǶԶԶģ±Ų֪ĺץˣϺƴĲ£ĬBźԶ֮ϣֻûͷȫ
ǰǻˣźɫء
ʲôæѯʡ
·ɺ׵³֣ɷ
ĬBɷ
ɽ͵ǸһЩ齣н鸽壬齣аݻٺδ٣ͻ۳ɷʱʲô˭Ԥϡ
ĬBһľ֮ǰǶûҵ𣿡
ɵ˵ҵ乬λã乬ҡ
Զԡ
ģǸɷܿĹ˹˦ͷֵĬBɫ䣬æľԱӣǣɷֱܿӳ˹
λڳ໤Ҳֻǰѽɷˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôĬBᶼ
ɫأ˵취סϽܳȥǵޣȥЩѹ»ٴһѹƽɷ
ĬBûſڣûסſˤһ¡
̧ͷӳߵһͷŴ̹Ǻĺ˶ȦˣʶŤͷǺΧһźǰš
ţɷ
ǰɷͻȻһ㣬񾭶ըˣʶֵֵ̧űͷŽǿбˣĵǿҵ͵վܳ乬
ҹϧңŵĴ󺰣һӱһǿץסӱסУ漴ӴӺеıϣҹϧΧǽϷ
ĬBֱӾˡ
ҹϧ۵ϧڻС
ѲҹѾλʼѹɷλһֻɷҿѹһ£ˣǺܲ˦˹űϢѲҹԿɷʱ
Ͻ֪ͨʦҹϧšü˵һ䣬ȥ֪ͨ
ʦҲʶ࣬ȥԼˣ乬ģ乬ֳôĶԹۡ
վݶޱ鿴ɷ꣬ĬB㵣ʴҹϧʦôǸСӣ
ҹϧҲ֪˶õϹҼǸӣδ
ĬBͯչ
ʦֽ̧סɷֻסһһ˽ѸĬBϮҹϧɫһһְĬBԼһֵ
ײ֮󣬽ɷֱӴ͸˹ȥҹϧɫ죬ԥסеǰѽתڿһӣݺݴ棬˲ϡ
³ĬBý׵壬ӱײɣҪǹűҵ壬ҪѪˣڿзһξ뱻ס
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ĬB˺ѪȣԶֹĴҹϧ˵ô죿
̧һ˵ǸɷйʦԱ߿Ųµġ
⻰ĬBŷ˵㣬ͬʱҲúõļƻͻȻðɷˡ
ƶ̫ЩǶ鿴ʵ۶Թˡ
ĬBԥһ£ƻվɣʦͻʵ۶ڳǸɶõĻᣬɹʱ˵ɣڵϣ˫ĳڵԼӣɪɪ֡
ҹϧԼȫҲֻѹЩߵɷ̧нѾɷ͸°ɫ
üƣתĬBеĳֱĬB㷴ӦҲֱӰν
ڿһ乬Уƣ֮ǰסǸɷˣɷٴΰĿ׼ĬB
ΪʲôҡĬBоԼѪҪѪˣ벻ɷΪë׷ţҪˣ
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˿ĬBǲ⡣
ʦʵɫһ䡣
ʦ⣬ݶʵ񣺡£ɷƺΪ
ĬB㶣ҡҡͷ
аBߣɴҹϧԥ˵һ䡣
ʦͷ׸ɷ޽ᣬҪôýɷҪôѹһʱѹɷ̫ء
ʵüĬBʣߴʲô֣
ĬBžžί˵ʣҲ֪һ۾⼸һֱجΣεöŮ׷ң˵ԩҪҰǣ۾ǸضߡʣǸʬ壬ղЩʬ廹סңҺú£ȻЩץҡ
ʬö࣬ö˵ĺòҰ
¼ħûм̳УҲ֪ôǣǾץһֱҶ߿ޡ
ҲҲᣬڣĬBıͷҹϧӽڻУԴBûˣûˡ
ʵɫЩŭһ䣺Ͻȥ
乬鿴ȥ鿴Ǹνĵضһůе߰׹Ǳ̧˳
߰׹Ҳۣڿİ׹ʱʵɫŭ⣬ûϳ˭İ׹ǣϵ·ߵŮ
һڸ߷ߵŮĴ඼ǹټŮӣеݵġ
ЩδйߵŮڹʧ٣˻ʺߵġ
ĬBҰɫɴ۾ŻʬǣקŴҹϧ·ֵ˵Ǿߣղҵȥʱ׹һֻץҵȹӣץңһֱڿޣ
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ڳûмۣЩ꣬ʵ۱ĬB״ηǵջ𣺡ʦʲôˣ
ʦ̧һֻۣһۣûǶʱյǿѹ־ĲҿޱĻصһЩԹ꣬һŸߵŮķΡ
ʵɫһ䣺죬Ͻǲǻ
ԣڵϣŭ˵ʦˣū澺úޣūǻʺߵŮǰ˻ӺŹ
ֹ˻|ŹеĹ׷˵ԩʼչʦŴ϶޲ЩٰЩһֲתʵۣʵ˶
˻ǰжĬBɱ⣬ôҪˡ
ŹǱ߲˵󹬵첻ŪŮ̫൹ҲǶϡ飬˭Щǰôͼء
֪ܶһͱų̛Ͳ̫ÿˡ
ΪξʦͻȻһ䡣
ڴҹϧеĬB˵ܹū澣ŹͰ˻ū澸ܽӽڹƸū澷Կū澣ūŸȣ˵ֻûı¿°ﲻǡūҲûü˵ԩ˻ӾʲôΪʱἰū澵飬˻Ϊ֪ɱڡ
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ū֪ˣôū澶Ը⣬ū澲֪ӹô֪ô£ū澴ˡǸĬBжҪˣò˵Ѿͷܴܶ໰ûнֻ̣˵һ£˵ôˮ©
ʦ⿴ĬBһڵ±Ѿ֪֮ζаţڴ֮ǰȸһعʦ˵̧óһҰǶ˽С
ֻôߣʵʬ󿴵վ乬Ժ鲻õһ䡣
ʦ飬ĿĬBϣǴֻˣ
ĬBӴҹϧ̧ͷãȻĿһҡҡͷ
ԲۣϢ
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װɵȴǰڶһ飬˭֪ǹʦĶҪ֪Ҳȥˡ
һӰӹűƮ˳Ưڰոʦˡ
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·ɺۺӵͷǾͶлˡ
˶٣˵λʲ֪Ȥϰһ¼洫ħ
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ްֻ¼ҸĬBߣָһԣ¼ҵĳħֱȽʺУ¼޺󣬹ʶǾŵӣԴ˴¼ҳħ
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ҹϧǺЦĻ˾䣺á
ͱ˻ˣŹξͲö֪ˡ
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أʲôˣһ䡣
صһټȥ鷿Ϊ˰˻ӵ顣ŹǱʱûж̫ʦұ£¶治˵
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ĬBһֱͰ͵ڷſڳţǵɫӰ֣ɱȥ
ôôʵûɣ
ҹϧ˳ס֣˽ݣϣĬBĵĸ˱ˮ
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ţзִ磬Ӿˣҹϧָ̧Ĳӣϱ˻ĺۼڡ
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ɽˮԶҹϧҲû¸ɻ·ܹȥѰ˻Ӵһٻ
ŹǱ͵ի꣬ǻʵ۹˼żҺŷõľˣǸ÷ҪĲżҡ
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Ҳ֪ȥãоˮеˣϴĲˣɸ״һݺקһ£ûվˤˮУ


26 
űҫֱԡͰ, ˱ˮеĬB˲䱻ȣˮ˵ڵϣҲ˲ô࣬Աߵ·סԼ塣
㣡
һУŶ룬ӽȥ
Ċù°ĬBӻס, ˾δĿűӽǼˮš
ˮ۳ߣĶŹ㱻ɼһһ
ҹϧҲ˹, ԡлҵĻüͷ壬ְ·ĬB, ٵİá
ݡݶ˵ĬBƳԡ
ܿǿϽ䱸㳹һ¹ܣһ䱸״̬
ĬBŻݣҲǰô·ԡţһСֱͨ䣬һǴ, ҲǱŶǸ, Ůǽ׼ˮġ
˿̣ԡ˽סǸûлܣҲ赣ĻСŽ롣
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27 
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ᵽĬBһ˵˵ƨȣ˹ʦȫҪˣҲǣֲܸ¼ҴڽӴֲܴгħиûһࡣǾ˸ðɡ
ҹϧüͷһ壬İ§ڻУ࣬Ҫܷʲô㶼Ҫˡ
ⷬٵõƽЩ˵ǽá
ǾͶϲҹϧıӡ
ĬBЦ
Լҹµͬʱ¼ǼλڵĹϵ𽥶񻯣ùʦ˶ʦѧħ
ÿĬB͸ҹϧŴ£±㵱Ͳڵ֪ɱ˵ɱǶӹӶģ˿̫ʦһֵģĬBЦʱ򷴻ˣ˾һ㣡


28 
, ĬB˸磬Ѿˣ粻ҳš
ҽҪȥС˳еӶڣҪȨޡ֮ǰĬBҹϧҪӵȨޡ
̧һӣҪʲôȨڣġ
ܺ, ˡ
治Ҫ㣿ҹϧ΢ЩڴĿ
ĬBνİڰ֣ڼҺú
˼֣չȥĨһǡ
ԹڼҴţȥ׬Ǯˡ˵Ƥգ˫
ҹϧźת, ΢ﹴЦ⣺㣬Ҳ˸, {ͲҪˡ
á
ǰعҲƹܸϵ̷Ҫ˷̵ִĶ˵ǰغϣҲź΢˵㡣
ĬBź󱡷Ͱ߱ڷô飬ҹϧһȫãͰҲŹˡ
ĬB󲻵ò˵, ȷе˵ЩŮǱķ, ״
ǰС˳·ϣ뵽һֵ顣
˵ߣŮû, Ϊʲôһ䡣
ͷ𱡷Ļش𣺡ܹ빫˶òпʵǿģǰûдߣźǴˡ
ʲô˼ԣЦ˵ĺῴЩƵã˵İΣյĲӦЩŮ
ҹϧԻ·
С˳ǱߺѾ򿪣ϵһںԺһȴŹͲ˹ڿĬBɫһ࣬׷
ˣˣ쿪֮ǰȿᡣĬBֱ˵˵
ϴͻ϶ʰںԺУ˱վĬB˸Ŷˡ
֮ǰΪӲ̫ãĲǴĲ˷չģ۸ߣ˵ûô׬Ӻˣǵ˾
ʱľӪҲջһʵĲ˷ۣڲ׬ǮǵĶҲҪӱҾǵʵϵƷҲüһЩ룬һǣ̫æ˲мæ
һ仰Ҫ׬Ǯ
ϵһС޶һӦ
һȦϹϹ߲ˣмСŰڷĶȰڲˣſڹҸӣڱ깺߲˿ͶӦˮһɣˮ߲һˮƻ㽶ʯƷڽ˴һͶԴƣѡƷ΢û£һЩϹ˿΢û¡
Ǽˡ
ĬBߵѽҪĹϹ߲˶˳ļʮռض࣬죬ڲֿⶼ˺òãֿҲһһ춼бҪúûѹ
ƻ㽶ʯĿǰˮģ͵Ʒ
ϵǿʼİڲˣλɩɩҲæǺܹɵվԱ߿Ҳܡ
ĬBСϸ˼Ʒʲô޷ǾһЩӹĶ֮ǰɽ髸Ǻ«
СΧƵλòСмŸСӷŵư֮ġ
С˳߲˺ˮûаʳҪĳƷСҲʳΪ
ϵǰںòΧ۹ĬBǲ⡣
㻨ˮëЩСĬB˵šȻ⣬Ŵ̰ЩҲУ϶УĥʲôĶ÷ҶҲ
صظҶȷһ£֩ʾڿռһЩ˸ָɹˣˡ
С˳Ӫҵ඼ߵ࣬ҲǴҳ͵ĵ㣬ĬBҲûпǼӸλķ֣СҪǵ̫ἷģʲôľˣڴҹϧӰɡ
ھôˣֹϹ߲ˣСһЩƷСԡ
ڻûӪҵĬBʼְֽڳգʲôϵ÷ˣζźãЩŴˣͨϰն᲻ЩǵģĶڸȻܶࡣ
ˮë˼ֻζл˻˽Ǻ͸
㻨мӵĶͶˣϼ˵Ҳ֣߰ĬBù⿿˵ǿܼǲסñ䷽дÿдĺһݵϿٻҲдˡ
һҪϷˣζźãҪζԼһȫ԰ʵؼԼ󡣡ĬBǿ
ϵһͷ
ģһᰴķԸ£˵ôôǾԲ͵ϣЩϿȥϵҩ򣬵ʱСһ𶪹ͺˡϴ󿪿˵
ĬBĵͷ
ˮë㻨ûʲôԣֻҪζλУ˾ˣľʲУ̵׼׵ʵЩҲܵСԡ
֮ĬBǺ«֭ǸϸĵŪˡ
λɩϸѧԣǺ«Ĳֹɽ髣ЩˮԷĿζ̫أ˵һЩȽϳζĴ䡣
ˮСľһǽйһ͸ǽ̺Ǻ«ˣһľϣɫɷˡ
ɽ髸е㸴ӶʱҲ࣬ĬBͲʾˣñϸдλɩɩԼпյʱоʵЩŮ˼ɶһЩСģɽ髸ⲻѡ
׼Ĳ࣬Žӿͣ
ڳæĬBſһæˣԴӻϵһҴС˳ſڵĽ˹ǻλɩɩλɩɩƲˣǮʱЩĶǮԲֻܿ㣬˵ĻλɩɩֱӾͳǮ
˽ӻˣĬBرϲָоȫ鶼õġ
һʱȥˣ½п˹ˣĬBִӲֿһ׼ӳӪҵʱ䣬ȵһûеʱٹš
ˣϢһ¡ĿֻʮˣߵĬBĵ˵˾䣬󲡳ǲ̫š
ĬBͷеڿʾȥԺȿˮյԺϵȲӳүҲһˣǵرæһæٵʱԺʰЩӰ˵顣
ѲʯϳĬBһ䡣
ĬBЦ߹ȥʯϣһ롣
ǲβ裿΢ƵĲζû
ϵͷЩ˼˵ĪҪСɽСҩЧЩֳĲΣҰҩЧе㣬ÿݲһҲã֮ǰϴԻɽҰζ˳ֲġ
ĬBͷͷ˼ڣĬĬ˵ǶСⰡĶˣʡǮ߾ǼңõԺôҪǳʲôڣǾͺúùӡ
ϵһжΪ˵һڹĺܺãÿ춼⣬ǴϱУϴŽɽԴҰζи۶ˣͷдһЩӰ컹ˣҲǵĺӲЩݡ
ĬBɫһǲֻ֪֪࣬һЩ۸ߣû뵽ݻӰ졣
ϵ˵Ҳǵ;˵ֶЩӦô˼ϾҪˣ컹ܻ¶˾Ͳ֪ˣͨղùЩǼࡣ붬۸ӸߣͨնԲˣЩЩжʼǼˡ
Ǹ⡣ĬBü˼ߴױѱе˹ٽеڶ쿪ʼȵȣ㡣뵽ʲô
ǰףڡ
ӻ̫ʦǱ֮𣿡
УϳļУгӦҲҲС̫ʦǱûпУҩмңҲӪҩ⣬֮ҲһЩ鱦꣬⻹ԡ
ĬB˵鱦û뷨ǿԿʼѹˣžҩģ׼ðǲùҾͰһ⻺⡣˵꣬ǹһĨĪЦ⡣
ϵֳĬӵһЩҲŹһЩôһڸǾվڹߵġ
ôʡ
ĬBƺ˿ڲβ˵쿪ʼ׼ƷУÿ˵Ŀ˶ѵõһܲٶԵõһ׼㲼ǰѴװһ¡Ҫÿÿ๺Ǹ̯λһùѹأԷлס
ˣʲôʱпװȥְʱ򱡷㰲ȥ죬ֵףʲô󲡳Ӽƻ£ʲôø͵·˭Ǵ׶ء
㸩ǣ¼ˣʮһȥ
ܺãҾͰѴ׼á
ǡ
ĬBˣܲڳſڻ˶ĵطʾ˵´׵飬һ
ԥĵͷԹ巢⡣
̾˿׸ûʵȨҲֻܿˡ
ĬBĬĬ˵ʵи뷨ʵеѡ
ϵ˵
ĬBС˳츣гİգϳǱ߸оˮƽԺһ㣬۶һߵģбҪǱҲС˳
ϵɷϣԿһңֻеԶ̫Թ
ص㣬ȱ֡
Ҳǡ
ǡǿˣŪ̶ӣʳȥҾͦõģ°·٣ҵܺױ﹥
ĬB˵꿴ۻϵĿںߵıϣǱֳĬûиκʵС£ǲκ
ðǾô졣ҹϧԱߵݶҷ׷׿ȥǲ졣
ȻȴҹϧͻȻֵҲֻĬBͻϵȫûвⲻ֪˼˺һˣΪϹ
ݶϴģأĬB鲻á
ҹϧݶ䵽ߵУӺŽ
ĬB²ˡ
ڼвסʯϣڽһ䡣
ϵһβ裬ҲĶ˼ڡ
̶ӵУҾǹ̶ӣһҲ硣ĬB̽Ե˵˴ҹϧߣҵĹһЩȷ뷨ܵõ϶Ļش
ҹϧͷȻ˵ҵܳҲ磬ͷðʳȤ
ĬBЦøڰ
˵Ʋ̫Ӳǰ˻ӣûкô飬̶ĳˣǴûκβٵʳĺֻһЩյòʳѣ˺ʹºܵףҾ̫
˶˵Ҳѱӷôˡ
ĬBһ˵ʵֶɣ㲻ܿ棬òȻ˶ȥĳЩ˿ڿ˵ʲô׵飬ɵͷ͵͵ˡӿŲûأ
ҹϧ
ĬB˵ǰɣ˵һ濴
ҹϧƳûп
ĬBЦҲ֪˭˰Ѱ˻һ٣˵Բ׵飬ʵأžž
ʹʹ
ϷˣĬBɫҪӺͰ˻ӵλãԼӪͣϸĶ̫ʦǱ˳Ҳһ¡ҴܲУǾǵ뿩ûǮôɱ֡
ҹϧ˻¥ĪҲҪ
һ㶣ЦŴչȥ˵㵱ͷһ׬ܶǮղ֡
һ뱻ҹϧһְУһƳˣϵɫһԾȥǰߵӡ
ͻȻ㸺׬ǮңҸܻ㣬ķֹʺϡҹϧ˳ưڻУ̧Щ˵һ䡣
ĬBЦ԰ײдܲ΢һ㣿
飿ҹϧ⡣
ǡ࣬ģġ
˵Լɡ
ĬBϵЦģѻ˵ôϱߣ˻զأ
Ҿǲ˵ˣĹ
ҹϧЩԴ˵бϱߣɺã
ʱ˫һϲ˵˵㻰Ҿġ
ãҺڴ
ĬB˶ֺˣоɹ´ҹϧͿˣ
ȵС˳Ӫҵһӣҹϧµ漰Ĺ㣬¥ݣ黭꣬ε̣꣬ӻ̶Уⲻ²ÿҲе룬С⣬ڶǰա
Ϊʲô꣬׬ĶɣĬBʡ
ҹϧĻصҾûЩ׬ǮôҪѾȥڡ
㵽ûо츳ʳ⡣
һ봾ҹϧĵ˹չһõЦ˵ҪʲôóҪҸﰡҵĴھǰ㲻ó飬֮ǻġ
ů
㣡
ֿʼɧܲ˵ˡ
իӳԷĬBʼ׼ЩӴ󶯸ɸ꣬ȶǼСݡ
СҲС˳ô㡣
ǰݵ⻹ԣղһҷԷûʲôÿͦȵġ
ҲͽЩðĶ࣬ŷݵļ۸Ҳǣ˲٣ڱ˵׬Ǯ˲Ѿҡ
ĬB֮ȶҷΪֵĸھǶӺͰ˻һֿľ¥λã֮СȥҲף붯ǼҾ¥ֻλÿʼʺϵġ


29 
˿̲Ƿ, и壬ͻȻõĻƾǺܲĹ˵š
ĬBʹҹϧһһ¥õĳλϣǰǵĻƣӣ˻ƣһƹ, ôˡ
ҹϧһ壬˵ԺܣҪ
Ǽͷ, ĬB
ݵƹƹЩĲͷĺˮ˵СǶ, ֻǷЩţΪҪСǲɢˣҷݻװ
ĬBͷʾ⣺ýţǲɢǵģǿԼ߸ɻǷݵģʽǵñһ䡣
ԣǼ˿ˡ
ƹʵ
һ첻һ, Ҫǲʲôֻܹˡ
ĬB˼, ʵڹ·дмƻˣǰڵ׼죬װ޵ñһ䡣
ǣչʳۼ۸ɻᷭ, ǵļ۸̫ߣֻ޵ʳ⡣߲ˣˮЩǲҪɱʹ֣ⷽʳΪ
ƹŶš
˵ȻûиڽǼҷ¥󣬲ǲ棬ֻʳ͸㲻һζþСҲ˻ˡ
ǿСԵɣһҹ˵ʱöе㣬ÿ͵ĳʳͬṩ׷ڷݵǰӸСԣλʳİΣһתѯλӡ
͵ĳӣʮϳӣȻǲڻµġ
һ˻صʳҳ˲ڻ£ǲ֪Ҫزˣ
ڷ¥ûеġ
˳Ĭһ˵ֲм඼ǲĲˣǻһˣ̵زҲڲʲô
˵ܿŽһ׵ݸĬBʶһ£ȻǷ¥Ĳס
ţд⼸ء
ڿʲô÷㡢˫ɡ˿ȸЩĬĬĺ˲׵ݸǰĴ
Ѳ׽һ£֪˵һ£ЩʲôˣõʲôʳģڸΣ֪
¥Ķǹ͢ˣ⿴Щ秵Ĳ͵ۡ
ǽӹţ˵һ˵һ㣬Ӳǰѷ¥Ĳо߰˰ˣǰڹϵĴѧϰŷĲףĴǴŷǱġ
Щ֪ĲƷĬB˽⹻ˡ
ֽʡ
ƹӹ̨ǰīֽ⣬İڷĬBǰ
ϲֿе߲ˣųŴûеһЩѿĲһһ¼
㣬ͣҹҹֲ˺СԶһЩ˿·ҲܵСԳԡ
ͷдţּֽ֣ÿרעӿĴҹϧĿתдãλͿãһֱд̧꣬ͷʱ򣬴ҹϧջĿ⣬дֽš
µҲû˭ˣֻܵʲôû
쿪ʼװޣڼǰЩһ£һôʳĹԲ͵իӣ˷ˡ
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֮ƹȥдװӵĸʾоЩףûû¸ɾͶִɨ̡
Ŀǰݵװ޺ܼ򵥣һ¥¥ΣûйิӵװҪס
ףٶΣһ¥ǿ¥С䣬ĬB򵥻ͼֽɴҹϧ׺һ£ɵƷ˰ͷ⡣
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һ֮ȫ깤˳ǰ깤
ĬBҲʱ㹻ӰЩСԶסˣʲôʳض֮ȫ±ƣһЩպ֭ʲôҲӣ̫ˡ
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ӷֱշ飬ĬB˳ں˷Ȼ󡭡Ҷôˡ
Ƿвͣͺҹÿ˴СӣĸһӦǹˣҪ֮æˡ
԰ѸĲƷѧϰѧϰԷĲƷиܻʲôġ
ʱôˡ
ǼЩҪʲôƹ񿪿һ䣬Ա˳Ƶͷ
ĬB˵ƹѧϰµļ˷ʽɣѧϰһǣҪҪЩƷеˣԼڸж
ǡ
ĬB֮ǰ˱С˳ÿ붼ţһȥǴдǻ̫ˣбҪ°֣Ҳ㡣
ǵҡʦƹ񽲽Ⱒ֣ԱߵĴҹϧҲš
ƹ񲻶ʲôֻ֣˷ʽ֣ʮǧλ࿴Ҳסˣѡ
һֱˣһӵĲˣǾڷ߳Էˡ
ЩǰĬBдĲ˵ģζôҹϧȽ⡣
ԱҲˣĬBŴҹϧҴһظΪкҪҪ

صѾˣĬBԡϴ·ҹϧͽˡ
Bһϴ
ڣŮ˾Ͱ·ˡ
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Ŷ۰ĴҹϧĬBˣǵһһ衣
ʱ˺ͣŮ˾Ȼô裬ôõĻ᲻Ӧʲô
ʲô̫ϧˣ
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סҹϧʱ򣬶Է˫΢΢ӿ飬ֳҲƲסȥ
ҹϧûκζԼԼԼ
ĬBĵĪӿһɬУҲܹ˭ôҹϧûӦоһڽߵ飬߳ܡ
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ĬBͷ䣬ߺ˼
㶼ûӦһ˺Ρ
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ĬBæˡ
С費Ҫ̫ҽ
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ÿĺ𣬴ҹϧ˿գôû˸ô󵨵Լܿɰ
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ڸŮ֪ߵ飬Щһ
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˸ص˵֮ǰɳȥɽ͹ѾֻԪǿľҪ׼ˡ
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ӵˣ顣
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ĬBЩ³ôຢڣǿǿѡʳȻܡ
ֻ߲ľǲܣǵʱҹϧҲ֡
ȥ˾ûг֣ɻһ䡣
ĬĬе΢չȥ̽ӻ㱨ӵ˲ûΧ˿һЩͯȥԵǲǿ³Щ¼ǺţҲԴȷǸЩȥ̽ĺûһˡ
ĬBɫ㵣ȭͷպǷŭҧ˵ôô黹ʵֱۣЦ
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³ǱʲôʱңǱҪʲôҲҪҡ
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ĬBɵӵ̫ˣܵʱûİ취к޹ͯѾˡ
뵽ʲô˿ƽ
ÿʥвɶŭɶŭҰһŭ⡣
˵ҵأתעһ䣬⼸ûп顣
ʹܽɵվǰ
Ц˵̫ϲһֱ߾ȥԺҲһЩޣһչš
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Ҳûֶɴҹϧæչźöˡ
ое£Ӵоͦɰģ۾ԲĿЩȣԽԽϲ
֪ʲô𣿡뵽ĬBһ䡣
ص֮ǰἰǱĲĲֶֶ֣ȫϵͬ仰˵ֻĲͬҲڶֻÿֻͬеҲһҲһƣĲֻƣЩĲϻʮ
ĬBȻĲĲֻǺУһԣģǼβͶҡ
ѹڵϣűߣ첻Ŀʳ
оȽţƵĹ
ĹűͻȻһ£һΪʲôΣգҲֻһ£֮ûʲôӦˡ
ңôˣŵһ䡣
һһӰӹűƮ˳ɫ
¾ݿ˦ɫ˶ʱЩΣô죬ǵ˼֮ǰӦ֪ԼĲ㣬ҲһǵЩ̫ˡ
ĬBߣҲȥ˳ҪЩ˿Ŀ׼˴ҹϧ¼ҾĶˡˣҲܸ¼ҴڽӴ˲ϧǰͲأ˹ʦӣԹʦʴ¼ҵĳħ⣬ҪֻǳħԴС
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Ѫ֮Ũأأڱܣնɹɹ̫㲻ʣҲ֪ʲô˵ת˹űС
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մȥĴײ̫Щûзֵ֡˴ײ⣬Ҳкܶ࣬·ǱŮ˺ӾӶ࣬öŮ˻УĻǺܲá
ĬBüͷ׸ҵһЩǿ׳ԸɻҵֻҲܻڷԣж㣬ŮиԼ׵ĺӸһӣʳҲǿԴȥ
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͢ҲŬӼã̫࣬Щܹģʮ»չ˵ˣȥԲ
ĬBɵô˼
Σ˵ҼԺӣԺӴһַӣȰЩ׸氲ٽȥȹЩҸǼ򵥵ĻһЩ̫õҲչһ£Ȱѵ˶ˣ΢õ
㣺ǡ
ĬBûķԸȥ¡
ֵûܶǮʳʲôռУǸ·Ҵ򿴲Ƕӣ֧Ǳ֧С˳ûˡ
һֱõǮĵطԼǮܵĲҹϧǮҲеǮȻ˵
ǼҲĺ飬ѵȫá
ͻȻо갡ΪȻΪǮģ˭ҵĹǸɴµˣӸֿ֧̫ˣǵٺ»ȫС˳Ҳ࣬úú㡣
ο˵׬ǮңܲУ׬ǮܵøɣŲҪݰ
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һ߿ĵµŮѵһԼϲģӶЦ
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30 
һۻص, Ǳ߿ܿսˡ
ĬBɫһеݸ˵³ķѵǡ㣬Ͻȥһ¡
ԺӦȥ鿴
ǲľ, ֣Ǹˣ
ĬBĵȴ˺һˡ
, ǿˣľ, ˻ЩӣŷǱѾ˹ȥæ¹ȥʱߴĲ¡
ù𣿡
ԥһ˵˵ӦÿѹƣǰŲľҲɱƷʱֻﲢûб죬ͬȽ׵Ͳ˺ü
ĬBšüͷԶҹзӿ⣬ֻϣľѹסֻ, ϣҹϧʲô顣
ߵӿ, վ¶ã֪˶ãֱӿǵϤɫſں͹ôԶ, ǵܿɼֳĶ༤ңҹϧˣ
ЩûпԴܣܵĿģ
죬ӦУܹȥǱ̫Σˡ
Ͻֻҹȥֲȥһ֣Ҳ鷳ģҾ͵ĹȥԶԶĿšǽӦÿԿǱߵ
û취ʶ̧Զıͷתȥǣޡ
һֻ͸ߴĺǱ˹վĬBǰͷſǰ֫֫ſ£
ĬBץƤëı֮
飬ϡԱԥҪҪϵ麰һ鿪ĵĽȸ˺ߡ
źǸĬBǰ³
ĬBµֻҲᣬܵĲ죬ܿ
ԽſڣԽң綼εۡ
Ѿգü֧Ӵڳſڣƴ
ſڵĽֵѾЩռ죬Ǽˣֻիӡ
իӵĹƹùڣĬB

߾ſڽԷһȳ˵ĵطĬBע⵽իв˵
ƹùóԱߵ¿һۣԷͷȥɢЩ
ô󶯾ҶüǶϵԶԶģסڸİնʰѡ
ûʲô취֪ߵĬBųǽͰ˵һ䡣
̧һֻӨ͸׵Сķ˳ȥɹʵĳǽ̼ǰĿгһСĶϡ
ǽսѾƽϢûСɹЩסСׯ߻һ⣬Щ׵ʿСׯΧܻн
ССׯת˺üȦȻһϤӰڹУҹϧ󲽴ԱСׯǷС̧˹˽Ų˵ˣϼǿ䱸ܾǸﱻ˲ٿˣ
ɫ˼˵Bû£㡣
ĬBϸӴһ£ȷûκŷˡ
Сһת뿪Сׯˡ
ǻظɣܴ飬ҹˣñӡȰ
ĬBԥһ£ͷ
Ա߶ŵĺߵǰſ£Ǳϣ˶ظ
쵽ʱ򣬱ϸŵȻĺһɫĬB
Ǳʲôˡ
ĻĬBɫһףԼʲôʺ˰ҹŶܱϡ
Ҫ־ϵĺ˿ҹֻ·һˡһ䡣
㣺ºסԷǻȻظ˸ûˡ
ʲô

ĬBĵһɲ̫õԤС
Ȼһץ׵Աߣ֮ǰŵֻס
ĬBδŤͷͿ֮ǰֻǶܲѪУѾ㿪
ҲǱͱ㵲סǸӺڰϢð
µĺܵķɿ죬գ۾ʧڽͷǱʲôĬBˣֻһֻʣµֻһֻһֻԱ߻ѵõɫȻѸǰţٶȿֻӰ
Զ֣ˡ
ˣǸ׷ˣܰڷҶͷԸܲ˿סֻȻҶ
ĬBһ㶣ºǵı˵ͣ£Ҫ֣ҷºһֻȻظ
ǽŲɲסſֻܻ˹
Сĵ㣬򲻹ͲҪԣֻҪжУҪĬB۽ű߻ͷɱ˵һ䣬һ֪ʲô׼׼ˡ
صͷ
ĬBһ䣬˦˿ɱޣһǰĺڰܶǺڰʲôΪͣԷ
ңŵҡ˵һ䣬Ĺű΢΢һڻӦ
ǲٻˣĿǰõҲôЩԸҶ㡣
ֺڰгһͨɫȫںڰУʹְ֦ǿӡ
н˽ǰǸʲôˣɽֻˡ
뵽֮ǰҹϧ˵˲ٿˣԼ֮ǰֻܻǲǶǱ߶ʲôֽš
˵ɽ͹ǿ̾Ѿڲˡ
ֻƷӱˣҪٿ̸ף
Ǳ
ʵŵûɱҹϧ
ɵأ˿ĬBҲûʱ룬ȴǸھֻʮ׵ľʱ׺ݵĺ۳һӰֱ˹ȥһҧסӽס
Ӷʱס
ᣬĬBӱ޹ȥڰӳѿסӿӿ˳˿ЩûĬBϾͱ˿գҶ˿Ϊýɿ
ԼȡЩҵķ֦ŷâ»ҡĬBһ֮סӺüҪקȥʵû취˼ջ˿
֦Ӷæ㿪ܿЩ֦ƵһͷĬBͳû˿סֻܲסҲ㹻Ҷȡһ
ӲӲ򲻹ֻܷѵĺš
йγĬBˣҲûôǱֻʽˡ
󣬷ǿٶȸٶȱһ㣬ֻҪĿ֦סԺһ
ӻڣĬBѪݻӰ˷ӣüβ㱻֦סʱǹűŲӣûҧЩ֦ȥ˱סԵ³
ҲֻǱһ㣬ĬBˣȫԡѪս
ͣӴϢʱ򣬿Ȼ鳤˿֦ӴӦʱѾˣԶͺܹҪ̫Զˡ
ۿſ֦ҪĬBϣӰһλˣɱסĬBܣ·ɺ׺¾ݳ赲֦Ĺ
¼ħóľǶԸЩħ֣㼸λڶ̱ˣǵҲȻŵʱ
֦飬ѹĽ޻ҹմڿϣÿһ޶Ĵ̹ǣǲʹֱܡ
ĬBɵı˿ȥס
飬ѹƣѹơ
ҶǱ߸Ҫߴ٣˿ڿǿ̾Ϳʼȡģʽˡ
޴Ļۣһʱʹ˿ٱѹƣãֻŭĿԼ˳˿ߡ
Ʒıô¾ŪǾ̫ˣǲΣգڵʼߣԭڵ˲ͨѪܣĬBסƿϵ˿Ҳɢˡ
λɫһ䣬׷װ󣬻ûУĬBҫɫĹâһɰϢӿתǲĿ
ĬBһ±ƣͿЩ̹ڰۣһӰٳ֣ʲôжᶼˡ
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ķҶʹ˲٣͸¥ķƵá
ҶϽǸ֪ܲ˭ڲٿ˷ҶڣĬBʮˣʲôƷƷޣ
ҶӦֱӰѿײɵУ˿˿ڿпٽס׹Ŀǿ˿סĿûã֦Ҳûһ˿һ˺ս̫ˡ
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̯Ƶðѿסأһˡ
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С˿ĬBսβС
Ͼ޵˿ҪǶ˹ֿϧģ·ܶû
ҵ֮ǰٿֻ𣿡ɫ
ҶҶѾѲٿƻԷѾܵصķɣΪûǻָˣҩҲûáϵƤƤһڸ壬ǼһеԶأҪǸ˷Ҷ̴ȥ
һеԶĬBˣȻѾ֮еʱȥңοٿؿĻ֮дͷ˴һ¾֪ĸˡ
ˣظϢɣˡĬB¶ƣ֮ɫҶ֣ȰеԼϣ˹
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Ҳ֪ôˣȥԺӺ󣬷Ҷռ䣬ĬBЩȥѰҡ
һֱڽȴĊ{ӣģ{תȥ׼ˮ
ȥǱ߿ˣЩϵļǺӦöˣеڶֻǹʺˡ̱һ䡣
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ܼ½Ȼ˴ƣȷĬBûˡ
û£ôڸϹҹɣŵ㱡ǺúϢţ߲õģѾ˿ٻܣʲôӦⲻڡ
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ϲǱһҲûҪɢǵ˼㹫ûоӵ¼ѪĺӣҲɢǡҲֻһЩŵӰѳħȥѧپͶ٣ҪͷҲԱһ¡
Ҳǰ֮֮Уǻ̵ģҲǴЩħ֮ɱѪ·ģҪΣ˳Ƕ֡
Ҫˡ
ĬB˵ˣӵ˵ðɣǳȫҺʹҹϧķҾͲˡ
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ĬBͷӣ¾ݰñӻ˹űС
һһֱ˯ڶʱʱԺԱˣ˫ϴҹϧѹĵıס


31 
B, ôĿˡҹϧָıǼ
ĬBüһɪȻҲ˭ҵôϵļǺŶʧ𣿡
ҹϧͷʧˣ˰Ǵ˳С
ڳ΢ȫ㣬ܹΣյġвɵ˿пȶӺ̫, ҪǵʵһܺúöԴǡ
ҹϧǹЦ§סӸԼӣ٩BĪҪʺ֮λ
һ, û˵ʺ֮λֲϡ棬Ҫ˵ϲλ, 𣿡
ðҹϧӦĺԥ
û֮ǰϷŰζĬBԥһ˵ҿЦģˣһǱȽϲǮ˰ЩҪˡڵĶãʹ̫Ȥˡ
ҹϧǺЦûӦ
鴦ˣǲǲȥľˣ뵽һ䡣
, »ýһ, 㱨ģ˵Ҹô˵
ĬBȻӦǻ룬˵ɱ, ʦ̵зôȫĹ͡
ҹϧĬһǿƷƷĶԱƷøϺͿˣ
¼ڲ𣿡
У֪ˡ
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Ǹɱﵣúúţ˵Ǹ۸׾ץѱҧһˡ
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ҹϧʱѾе֪ˣҲˣԺ߱߻Ҫġ
Ҫ죬㡣뵽飬˵
ĬBܾģǵͷûźˣܱ˵ģööһģȻܶණҲ֪ڸŮЩȫ
ҹϧ˼ѡˡ
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á
һ£ӿռȡһĬB
ĬBӹ岻ʣ
ƵĺܶأƴоŸολο֮жһСӣɫһ
̰ɫʯɫӻͦÿġ
Ӱռ䣬صظŪģҾҪ
ĬBһ汦ô
ȻǿռǾǴ涫ġ
ҹϧùǿʾһολһŰɫӣᲦת˼Ȧ΢һλõĿռ䣬ȡ˺üöָȷе˵һѽָ䣬ɫͬаö
Ӱռĸռ䣬оŸռ䣬һռǶģŶ˸ռӦöָͬɫĸӿĿռӽռͬһС˳Ǳ԰һ߹һӽ䣬ֻÿ߲˷ڶӦĸռУС˳Ǳͨӽ俪ռȡ߲ˣҲʡÿǱ߲ˡ
ĬBһ棬˵׵ľǴ˵еĹռ䰡ôܶͷˣ̫ˣ
ҹϧ̫ˡĵһڣӰռ䡣
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ĬB㶣Ӧĺлл㡫
չüͷ
ˣʱˣҵýʥĬBĺӡ
Ȼˣˣ㵽ʹƿ³ԶˡĬB͵Ц
ҹϧЩΣƵϴ˵㶫
һȥʹһȥС˳
С˳Ǳ߶ûˣһЩʣһ㣬ôš
ϵһҵȲĬBͲ˵ûУɵõĳʲô飬ϴѯʣֻ֪ŷ˻С˳һӾͰʣЩˡ
ĬBԺʱ򣬻ϵһӿ־ϲΧ۹
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˵顣
ҰʣʼԺг顣
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ĸӿռҪߣĸصõĲҪܿռ䣬ӽ䶼ҪϵһҶͨˣӽ䶼û취ռ䣬ֻܰһ˹
֮Ҫæӵ飬С˳̤ĴԷһɸҲĵ㣬˵֮ǰ׵̯λҹţⲻüһ¹µλãҹϧҲĵ㣬˭ͷ
ϵһȻûκ顣
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ƻˣڱţôû˸㱨ԹЩİЧʣӦÿ԰׵
ɹɹ򵥵ֹЩ׸涼Եһ㣬ŪҲ̹㣬ǱĶС˳ЩҲۡ
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С˳ߵģʽѾ̶״򲻶ĳ۹Ϲ߲ˣһЩƷϼ⣬õģʱ¾λȫͿԷĲˡ
򵥵˵һ£ĬB뿪ȥСݣЧʸߣһ¥װѾС룬Ƕ¥İʱҪ㣬˿һж˳ţظϢ
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ǡ
½ȻֵʱҪȥĴ׶׼ãǰѴһǰ
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ʯϺȲĬBĿһۣʾ˵
½Ȼիӵƹù÷ŹˣիǱߵʳĳ˵״ǰիõʳĶǸׯũչΪأũÿ궼ڼ٣ôӳںţЩӲ׼Ӧ߲ˣչ߲˳ɱ̫ˡ
ͷ̽ӴϢٹ̼¢Щ߲ˣ̼Ҹżеݹϵǲżûв㡣
իÿĵʳ̫࣬һʱҲṩ߲˵ũ񡣡
ӺիѾдЩͨԿˣǱߵĶ⼸Ͳ˻һ£իǹӦˡ
½Ȼ˵꿴ĬBķӦʱԼҲʲô֪ʲôʱֻ⡣
ĬBеĲ豭ǹм


32 
粻¢¢, ƫƫʱҪ˵Ĺš
С˳׼۱ˣҲɵӣôǻӰ죬ϵôǹʲôǶע, ӰҪһֱ޶ǲ⡣˵
իһֱԽӼðΪҪ߲˹Ӧ¢ϣҲûʲôô, ˵Ҳһիϵ̨档Ӳ²ǶԣҲòʲôô, ի⣬ðյӵҲǴӿʼ
ҪիӲˣѵʱӼôңǻû˺ӡ
µĲٹ֣֮ݹϵ̼̼ңżż, ѵﲻɣ
, Щ黹ǵ˽½УıƣQһ²ֲΪӪĸо
ֻҪǴɱɱ, ĬB˵˵
ĪռˡĬB鵭Ȼ˿իǱ߻ΪûʳĵŴ󼪡
½ȻǣСһϻСռ䣬֮ԿôҲΪռ䡣իǱߵʳ̫ӴˡС˶죬ϵռũǷͬʱӦիӡС˳ԼڸСݣ
С˳СݶӯΪǮҲҪҪΪի߹˲Ҳ̫á
ĬB΢Цʲôռ䣬ռЩռȵùϵռ
իӽӼõƣ֪ʱռô賤ռȽԽԽ࣬Խ࣬ĻѲֿͿˡ
ͲˣԺիǱߵʳӦƹùҲũһũ᲻һţҪ̼ǾͰ̼ҵĲҵҲһԸһ¡ϵ黹Ҫ˼˼һ
ĬB˵Űһöӽ˳˵öӽ佻ƹùãԺիʳĶĸӿռȡ
½ȻǰĽӹ
ͻȻ뵽¢իӽνһ˫ҿС˳Ҷ֪ռ䣬һֱĲ˲ܶ࣬իû˻ԴһֹӦիĵʳ̫࣬ռǹӦ˼죬ʱիάֲȥС˳Ҳùţ˵ĴûˣֿԳû̧׼ˡĬBһ䡣
½ȻͷĿիӻС˳ǳŹġ
ϧ᳤أŶˣƹù˵һп˿ȥЩʳȽ⣬ƻԽ졣ĬB۵һĵɪ
½ȻǾ̾ǣСһѻ
ĬB뵽ʲôָһöӽ䣬Щ⡣
öţͷʳôûҪԩǮÿĹϹ߲߶У㵽ʱŸһǻߣԼҪʲôдĸӿռУҿ˸š
½Ȼӽ乧񣺡л
ˣɣҲûˣȥæɡ
С˸ˡ
ĬBԺһֱȵڣɫһ¶˺üȣЩͻݡ
ǱûʲôϢҪȳԷʵ
һ£ͷðɣ㲻ڹˡ
ȵ˶Ϻ󣬴ҹϧӰſڣĬB£ɵЦĺɰҪԷأº㶼óʣʣˡ
ҹϧ۵Ц⣬ŽԱߵĵϡ
ܴҹϧڲڣᱸ꣬ⲻˡ
ûκζԻĳԷ극ҹϧϺȲ衣
ˣԺŶ·ͻȻôһ䡣
ĬBЦӦ֪ԼҲǡ
š
֮ҹϧ繬飬鵹ûʲô⣬ǷЩͻȻĬB˵£ħ֮ʱҲãٿЩһЩ飬˵ԴźԪǱ﹥ĸƵм޲˵Լꡣ
ҹϧޱĸţһˡ
ĬBůůģ֪ʵǲô㶼û£Ͳˣ
ǡԥһ֡
ʵЩ㲻̫ģҵݹʦʵҲǵ¼ҵĳħаʦ¼ҵλŵӣѹʦǣǻôΣҲֻУѲɻʵۻðŭķնʲôĬBΪȻʵۿɲôɵѴҹϧƼʲôɵóʵµľʲôɵó
ҹϧüҲϲ˵㲻õĻ
ǰǴ򵽻˻ȥ
΢⵹Ǹ⣬лBѡ
Ӵüû󶯸ɸǾ̫УƢǲǣ
ĺƢǶԼġ
Ȼҹϧ⿴һۣվBȥˡ
ĬB߳ţԺһ׵Ůվһǲľס
Ůǰһ񣺡ǧ謲μ
ĬBҹϧĽ͡
ҹϧڱƻָ֮ǰǧ謸ߣЩҪϣǧ謵ĸ⹫µĴ󽫾֮һŵù
ԭˣȻˡ
⻹Ҫ˷䵽С˳Ǳ£ƹӽ䡣
ҹϧü£ĸ˳۾ĸ½Ȼš
˳黹鷳˳ܸԼΣᲢ
ĬBһ۲ٿ
ǧ謱ܿȥ·ľе̫ۣȻ֮һʱǾͰչĹװ
ϣҹϧѵȾƣĬBݶСһܣСů¯һ£ǱߺĵŪ˼¾Ʋˡ
ֻĬBǣƱûëɴҹϧŮֻƱװ
⼸վͲҪȾˣ
ôңĺøжҧô֡
ҹϧЦԼľƱƺ
ĬBһӦûԣȾƵġ
ע⵽ԼһֱԼҹϧε̾˿еľƱݵߡ
ΪȾơ
ĬB£һЦһСڡ
С˳Ǳ߰һӽ䣬իһ½ȻҲһҲһɣݣҿռжѱˣòľһɡ
һȾƣһߺȱġ
ҹϧûоܾ
ûİһۣʲôʱ򲻿ˣһǿģҪʲôܸҿڣеĶ㣬ǮҲǡ
ãͷҹԹϱߡ
䲻һɧĬBûסǺһڣԹĵɹȥȶʱҪ˵⣬ǺġȻϣ
ҹϧǺЦȤζ


33 
ĬB޶, һöӽȻʼ˹ЩݻиԼһЩСֲζڸҹϧӽӦĿռУһЩ׹Ϲ߲˶һЩ
˵ĵΣ̽Եһ䡣
ҹϧԥһ䣺ױ١
ŶˣԼԵ, ÿԵ㣬ҪûǮ΢һҲû£ֳˡЩε˵, ŷҶڵڣռҲһȦ, Ǳ߷Ҷ˲ûֱһٳ֣һ࣬ǴɽСɽĶѷš
Щһ쳤һҶ˿ţһһСô󣬳Ŀֶ࣬Եóһ㰡
ȥŷǱߵľҪ𣿳̫, ҸоľĲ̫ࡣĬB뵽̽Եʡ
ҹϧ鵭, ԼŰɡ
Ǳ˼ǣ·һЩ
ˣĬBˡ
ƣȹ, ҹˣһϢ
磬ҹϧȥ˾ӪĬBҲһ򿪷߳ˊ{⻹ǧ謣ԼһüĿ꣬ʮ߰ӣǹ١
ҳĬB
Ǹǰ˵ϣ֮С˳ܼһְϸԸ
ĬBЦΪҹϧ¶ˣôڿ½Ȼ֣û뵽Ѿźˡ
ĬBóһöӽԸС˳ÿ쳽ʱ׼೽ʱ뿪ʼӪҵ΢û£Ҳûôϸ񡣡
ȵ˳ûп˾͹Ϣˡ
ŶˣЩ׸氲ٵˣͻȻ뵽һ䡣
ԱߵǧǰصµѾϢ˾ûдţһ֪ҲüЩѾ׵ԺԶ⻹ԼһסǱߣԺССʮҵˣһЩֿ䶼ĳɷ䣬ʱӵ
˶˵ʱû⣬Щи˺֮ǵѡطˡ
ĬBͷиĺ鰲ţбҪķӣǱҲԿ˰æչˡ
ǣ»⡣
ӦŤͷϼС˳Ļ⡣
ԺЩһᰲһЩǣС˳Ӫҵ֮ǰȥԺǱתһ£Ķڲ˳
С˳еĹĲ࣬˵С˳ڽеŻݻеˡ
ţһһμˡ
ǣ½ǡ
ˣԹȥ׼ˣŽȥ
ǡ˸ת뿪
еϳɵĸоȻǴҹϧѡģȻǱȽ۵ġ
ʵС˳һְҲҪټĬB˵ֻҪԿĸӿռͳˡ
ܴҹϧǱ뷨ȻڹҲô࣬ȫȨϣ⺢ӻ
ʵҪ㣿
ĬBڰ֣ȥ߳ԣǧߡ˵ſڣǧ謽ϡ
ϣǾȺжͬһ£С˳Żݻʹף׼ҲˣС˳ָ˲١
ǧ謿ڵһ繫дһʾڳſڵԼֵȺĵطһЩ˵顣
ĬBЩȣѹͻȻôˡ
Ҳǣ֮ǰԴ巢ʾû뵽źˡ
һֱԼȥʾ֭취£ҹϧûô֣Ҫʵʱһ£Ч
ָо̫ˣ
һ·̯㣬Եӱ߲ԪеЩ̯ǰͷǴ⽣ûмĶЩӦ͵ľ¥ġ
¥ǮȥģСϰնǳ·̯ģĬBҲǵһγ·̯㣬ǰ㶼ǸϳԵģһ¡
ӱûʲô뷨ζ߲е£õǴײˡкͺܲΪ˼Ĩζһе߲˷ֻ׵Ҫ̵ζˬ
߳˲٣ЩǴ߳ԡԱߵĿȫԽ
ԪǵİոϲԴĬBڶԶǧ謡
ǧ¿еʳ󣬻صҲȫǣһǱȽϲҸĵطúõĳһ㣬ͷʺһЩ·ûʱúԵˣЩλÿԵ̯õ㡣ͬλõ̯оͿļҸóˣ̯ӿʮ꣬ǰҵģ˵洫
ǲ洫֪ȷʵζԣȺȼ˶ȺҲǳȺóԣλ̯
ĬBСǱߴҵȷģʱⲻѡ
ȥСݣĬBûֱӽת߿ţѰ˼ҪҪһЩı䡣
һɣĬBע⵽ͼ򵥵֡СݡƸ̫ˡ
ǧ謣пкʵĵˣ
ʾ֭Ѱ˼˺һҪҪߴϣҪǿҸŷӣ³ƻᱻʵۺȥһٽͷ
Ҫԡˣǧ謵ķӦֲͣʲô˼Ǿͻ֡
ǧ£ò˵Ի·ܶأ˶Ƿ¥ʳȻǰˣ˼ܰʵأ
ʵǲƷ࣬ζ涼ǰģҰϴҹϧķ񰡡
Ȼ˽ʲô̫СˣҪľױȣڲͬһͼס
ܶءǧֻܸôֵۡ
УǾôˣͷˣһҪܰŵ嵫ֲʧź͸ԡ
ǣס
΢Ķһ£ƬɺɫģǽϻʳӣʱҰӻһʦȥ÷ˮϻſŪ̳
ĬBָָǸָָøĶĵط˵ˣǧһһסͻȻ׹ΪʲôѡԼΣȥǸص㣬Ժã˵һҪǵס
λûκֺܾĸооҲһֶصʱ̶ʶ
˵Сݵȥ˴Ժӡ
ԺסŶ׸һЩز˲еˣԼǵļˡ
Ҷ㣬ԴһĺӸŽĳд֣СһĺӴҶ໥տԺˣڼҩ֮תƣЩи尾ϸĵÿҩԱ߷һдֵСľƣ˭ҩͲˡ
иǸɲ˴ֻһɹ̫оĸûһЩ֪ʶҵ϶˶δ
ĬBǧ謽ʱһЩûϳΪҲǹͶĺˡ
ӴˣҲ֪˭ϳһ䣬ʱһѷ۹Χˮйͨ
úúãû£ҹʲôҪǲùңøҪʲôҪ͸˵ĬBЩסĿĸ
곤һȺɢҸøȥˣ뿪֮ǰμסˡ
Ⱥɢ֮ʣµľǼͱȽϴˣΧĬBû뿪
⼸Ժ˶ิӣȷʵҪ⼸˵ʲôļơ
ʲôҪ𣿡ĬBʵ찲ٽЩ˼
˵ûûû߶УԳԱůеطסˣ֮ǰЩ˵ᰲŻǾЩ
û˲˵Щ֫ȫģԸɺܶĻõԱ߼˵ĵͷϿɡ
ĬBͷУҲҽԭǺúġ
˵ط£ϸģϸһĿǰסڴԺеóģʲô
ʲ֪һһҵó幤·ЬӴ岻ڻ¡
˼ֵأܲ㣬ԣһЩı¶㣬ƣЩ¶ܹԼˡ
Сϴ¶ᣬЩˣҲвѧ䶮īˮ
ĬBںĻǳֹ档
⣬֮ģ
ЦˣЩŮ˼ҶᣬǰﶼôھͼԵģֻҪϹй߶û⡣
Ա߼ҲӦҲᡣ
ҳպأǰҲС¥ӡ
ˣͷˡ
֮͸Ƕ
Ժʱ⡢ЩʱȽ϶ĶԼˮ㣬ˮ߲˸Ҳ
ҶҲЩռÿæŴЩе˲ˡ
ͷС˳ĹϹʳģǰŻڶҪʲôѶӦʳĸסԸʳ˷ˣҲĳҪĲҲû£ԼԡĬBѵ
Ǽĵͷ
ҪʲôʳĲԸҪʳ¼һ£ÿĻЩ˰æˣ㹤ǮǼ¼һ¡
ĬB˵԰㣬ʮĶʲô΢һ㶼ϸ¼¡
ǣһ°õġܳ
ĬBҲǿǺͦĳĲܣ˵εĻڴԺһЩСӶЩĺӣǲ˾ܵ·϶ϸ첲ȣûһģ˾ʹҲЩˡ
ãĬBǧ뿪Ժˬһˡ
·ϣȻ뵽ǧ謵ĸŷµģɵʵǧ謣㸸ǱߵľҪ𣿡
ǧ謵ͷͨݻʳõݶҪҺķѺܴÿӶҪġ
ȥŷ㸸ײ֪ûпգ
ǧ˵Ҹ׳ݼٲȻھӪУŷͲ̫Ȼ̧Զ˵ǰ߾ŷˣһ£
ĬBЩ˼᲻̫ͻˣ
ǧĬĬͷŷϵϰˡ
ĬB
ܷϴҹϧķ⹫Ӿȥȥ߾ߣ˵ԡ
ԥһ£Ǿȥȥɣ֮ǰڹŷоԼûʲôƫܻϲӡ
ߵŷſڣÿŷϽţ˫ſˡ
ŷе⣬ɵ¶ЦݣĪϷģǴȤ
ĬB΢Цѽ̸ʴ֪ŷǷȤ


34 
, ·ģ˳ȥӪүһȻƨƨߵĸ
ǰиҹϧȥľľӪܾˣ֮Ͳˡ
ŷﲻȥʶ, 뿴ľӪǲǸԼ֪ĹŴӪһ
ǧߣھ
үӱֱʮӲޱ, ǱϾǻʵ۵ˣҲǵʹ, ͸һЩȨĴ󽫾֮߰˰˶ָĴ󽫾Ӫ鲻յԼŮܣǳġ
ĬBò˵үϲ
е㰲ŷûȿ, ĬĬǹЦ, ỽһ⹫
ŷϲɵóһĨЦ⣺ţ
⹫հBͻʵ˵¶ģ⹫ľǱҪռг̫࣬ľǱҲĲ̫, ⹫ߣ̫ȥˡֱ˵⣬ֱӽ⡣
ŷЩ⣬֪ռ䣬û뵽ѾͷôУҲͷΰŹˡ
Ц⣬˵ȻҪԾӶݴӶ࣬ԲռһڣƽʱУһƵǸϹʱĵĻ
ȻĿ⹫Ҳ϶⹫ҪǮ㡣ҲһҲռСıˡ
ĬBЦȻ⣬ݻʳ֮ģԼҪ𣿡
ŷŤͷ鸴ӣﻹ
̧һһƣôһ㣬͵鲻⴫ģԼģͷֻ֪ҵֵǴ׺߲ˣ˳ء
ŷЦĬBο͡
üһڹҲˡ
ĬBƲ죺̫ˣҵüӽ׬Ǯء
үӹЦжԽϲ
һ·ЦﵽӪһүӾ͹ϸɲϵ飬ĬBɵĸߡ
ԪǳһƬƽ֮ϣƮڰղͬ־ӣƬפϵľӣ̫Զܿ
һӪڵλãŷƹܵľӣڶ֪ǲľľľϵãÿӪжӣһŴԪ־ӣһǾӶеľ졣
ľľӪеֲ˲ޣЩ޵ܣ֮ǰ͵ܳӪ͵ԣɰЩʿŻˣѱĻɲˡŷ˵ŲɵЦһȥҹ
ãŷˡĬB˿ڡ
ŷĵͷ
˽ԣ߹鹫⹫ԼŮй⹫ǲ̫ˡ
ŷĴ󽫾ÿͳһ֧ӣټµ֧ŷһ֧ӣԺԪ
ȻʺѡŷݵŮΪʺǵģ̫ʦܹĹ٣ʲô黹Ҫַɽˣ̸ֽиëð
ⲻŷҰҶصεġ
ŷûаĬBˣԴι۾ӪѵϲʿѵأûΪӪ˶ġ
ֻĬBЩƵǣһǹҲһСֵˣڸڵѵǸλŵѵУըҵľ͸ֳһ
ÿеʿͨ˺ߣǷֿѵģҲͲľǴԪΨһһ֧ߵľӣȻҲ١ŷʱʱĸš
ĬB֪ľİٶˣЩʮľûȣ˼ʤھ⻹һѵһæսľӡ
ιʿѵŷݴһкȲ裬˸£ҹϧͷˣǴ󲽽
ҪȥŷݵǱĬBɵһ١
ҹϧͣ½ŲüӵĿ
΢˵㣬Ϲãôˣŷ̸⣬Ӫҹˣûܣһֱء
ҹϧչüͷû˵ʲôԱߵĵ¡
˲ҪôǳȱˮŷЦǺǵĸ˱ˮ
ҹϧûֱӶһ£˵ԺҪߣߺüӪפţҲжӺľӡ
ĬB㶣һֱԼӪԭ±ҵ˺ˡ
жʱůůģЦ˵ڰ
ļôҹϧˣϲõ˲ɢ
䲻һǵŷ̲ס°ۣͷ̫ˣһ˻ҪЩ˶ۡ
̸ôˣŷв˽Ǯ۸㿪ÿҹϧһ䡣
ŷݵɫһ
ĬB͵ЦҿɲẠ̊́ǸˣŷԼ˺˵ģ
үҺðҺã̸ĬBǴҹϧȻ׳ʲôԤϣԼĹײı׳пܡ
ҹϧһײϡ
ȷϹŮɣ
ˣæĻȥæɣԼСĵģ¾ͻȥˣǧһֱأҲܽзҶİɡĬB˵
ҹϧԥһ£ˡ
ŷЩ죺˵߾߰
ܲľǱʲôɡĬBε¼򡣡û£˵ǵġ
˵꣬ʼʰЩݡ
ͨļܿ磬ִص粻֪Ҫö٣һռ߾ͿȥܶණΪôŶ仵ռж궼Ǹ״̬
Сɽһһһһ𣬻иֹϹ߲ˣֹЧװһҲһһãŷξ˴˿Ҳ𾪵Ĳˡ
ĬBһó鵭Ȼ͸ܲһүӽŵĲЩóô͸Щ߲һ֪ݴʱ˿Լӵġ
ϲţ־úÿģ
ݻУһ㰡̫СˡۿûضĬBһ¡
ŷԼĿռ߰Ѷ˽ȥһһţµĽеˡ
һٿռæĬB۵Ķ󿴲ˣͣ¡
ŷԼǮɣⶼʵݵģҪǱߺ̧ļ۸㣬ǰһļ۸ˣȻһͷͲҪˡ˵
⹫⹫ǮҪģүӦǲȱǮģǾͰ
ŷݵͷûκͷһ㣬ͳ˰Ǯ͵
ãǾˡ
ĬĬĬB뵽ʲô̽Եʣŷиĸӿռ䣬ûȤһӽ䣿ǿԱֳú˵ǲǣԺҪҪʲôд嵥ĸӿռУҿٰѻǱߣʡܵʱ䡣
Ҫ뷢չһ¸ҵҲ԰ֻҪ̫ģʲôҲԵģȤ𣿡
Ȥŷݺԥ³֣ûȤҪȤҲ˵ĸӿռ䱣ֳõĺϵѾΪϲˣֻҪĬBԴԴϵĲ߱ϵۺʱεضܵõݡ
ֺҪ
ĬB΢ЦǾͺ죡ǱҪҪʲôͷһˣͣŲˡ
ŷûİһۣ˭̰ǵǮİɣÿʵӷĲ١
ǣлл⹫ǡBȻȥһЦ
ȥɡ
BǡĬB˸ת߳񣬿ߵǸ찡ŷʵӿǴǾѰ||
ʱŷȥүҲû˵ҪֻԼȥඡ
ĬB뿪ӪΧٻҶ֩ع簡
Ź١·ϣǧ謿˵һ䡣
ĬBЦ£΢ЩΣоҶֿԳһȦˡ
ÿ춼ǰЩǰףռʱʱĴһ㣬ʱ̫ЩʳҲһ
Ԫǵķ˺һֱЩӪˣĬBŰѷҶٻ˳
ˣʲôҶһһ˷ܵ¿š
ԴͰĬBЦǧ謣İѼڷҶǰ㡣
Ҷ̲סЦԼ򿪲ʼ
ԽҶͻǿ󣬾ܸõıˡȵ˵һ䡣
ĬBţҪҰ˵ܸĳԵġ
ţллˡ
˱ȣϽ꣬ȳ˴һعҶˡ
ǣ
ǧ˵мֻ顭
ãҪҵ֩ȥܾĸɸɴࡣ
ǣ
ڷҶЩʱԶһƬǺ˷Զǵλù
ԲۣȺ𣿡ĬBɫһ䡣


35 
ǧ謾ĿԶ˵ƺȺ, ӦЩӪѱޡ
ȵЩȺܽĬBſΪ׵ļֻ϶ˣͲ
ģֲ̌²˸񣺡ٽ
ĬBԺϼҵ飬ϼڷģϼҸӾǰ׷ĻӣĻսɳ, ϼҾ͸˶ӡ
ϼϰֵĺܣ˽ûٸ£Ǹï, ͣǰǧ謳֮ٽӦþǸïˡ
ïЦǳǳ, ۵װӿĽ˸Һԡ
ǴǱǰĬB񣺡ï
ĬBͷӦٽ⣬Ҳ·
ïЦԹԼķҶĿò绨ϣɵøпȻôص顣
޺޲ͬ޲ʲôȼԼԳȽ׷Ϊٸߵ˶һԿ
Դ˵ΪҪô̫ҪôһЩεȽ׵ķ, ïʰѷҶǰˡ
뿴Żͦÿ, ӴӦúȣˡ˵һ䡣
ĬBüô˵ûĲм
Ȼ, ԱߵȴŵȺͺһҶ˹ĬBûӦͱǧԱߣ뿪ȺİΧȦ
ïŷҶȺΧۿҪΧˣĬBŭĵï
ȴһ޹һЩѣïסǱ𿿽ʡԼ˵һºЦ⣬αЦ⿴ˡ
ïţ
ҶһܵȺʶĿĬBķӦߵͷ˼ȷˡ
ֻ۸ޣ̫벻ˣǵ˸벻
ĬBҲ֪Щôģ˵̫ѷҶСˣֱӾһӵֱ˹ȥЩȫرѹï˵
ï£Ҳ£ĬB˵һ䡣
ïֳֻ̧Ц
Ǹ
˿ǾѪȾذɣ
ЩȺûҶӾڰնʱï죬˼Ŀ£ЩȺ˲ѣѪա
˿ݺڰգЩﲶ˺飬׾٣ҶվԭضûжĬB˶֪ʲôʱֵġ
ɵ̫ôƯ
ʮֻ˲䱻ɱĽïȫסˣǱʹҧĬBϵºҲѳֲס
ĬB޹ʼ磺ȻǾ͸úúụ̀ܽʲôԼ£˭ô۸ҵ֩밡ʱԶٲһռˣ˵ǰٽ
ѱܲӣûһˣһ˵ҪǱǺͲ˵ˣʱϼҶ𡣡ŨŨľ档
ï˫ֽճȭĻΣȴϼҲܰǰŮɱͷ˵ǣѵǣï̲ܽϾŵ
ĬBЦɷҪ㣿
˵Цˣֻѡ
УǾɣԺʱһЩģȻֻЦʲôʲô޴
ïݺҧǡ
ĬBҶ֣ɵĵǰ
ˣǷҶʷһαôͼҶһпïҪѪˣˡ
ЩôǸ߽мѾƷȻô
ϢİЩɱˣɼֻ֩ʵƷ֮ϣ㲻ûǱģïɬôô벻Ҳ磬ڵüƻûɹԼһȺˣñ
ˣǻȥɡĬBûïǣҶеԼıϣ뿪ˣǧԼٻ޽ںߡ
ڿԪǵʱн룬ͨ޽뵹ûôǷҶĶеأ͹Ӵ뱻ǵĿΧ
ֻƵǣսӭ̫ʦѵͲúûظ
Ҳ֪Ǹȥ̫ʦĬBųûйֵĿֻһĴкȻ߼Ǹմӳ
ĬBͷǰû³ȥ䣬̫ʦȥ
ϸ̫ʦүӵ״̬ûǰڹмʱôӲʣ˿ɫ̬˶ġ
̫ʦţӪǱȥһˣȥ
ĬBҲûжʣ̫ʦҲƹһ֧ӡ
ֻ߾Ӫе·̣߹ȥʡ
̫ʦüͷɫҲӲЩĶ˶
ɣһ£ǡ˦⡣
ĬBתıӰ˫΢У·е㽩Ӳ
ȵ̫ʦԶߵǧ謣ô֮ãûзʲô
ǧɫӵĻصУ·ŷ̫ʦĲ쳣ͷ˿һĺ˿ϸ΢ϸѲҲᵱͷ˿ճˡ
ĬB˼ʷҶҶô
˷ҶǸһɵĺۼ֮ǰֻľ
ˣҪҪҶȥŪˣȻٿؿ˺Ҷ̲ˣŭ˵
ĬBæԣֱ֣Ū̫ˣԺǶǻᷴ𲻼һʱ
ҶŰãҶˣҪ붯֣Ҷ
ţԡ
ȻǰһŭĶҪռķҶ˵İʱĵһ
ĬBԼԸôȵҲϱˡ
صѾ磬緹ʦˡ
˻ûߵԺӣĬBÊȥ׼㶫Ǹӿùʦаʦˡ
һһĹأ¼ҲԼİʦѿ׼Ķ׼ˣʱٿʦߵ
ʦǿпգʦĬBھôһ䡣
ĬB°˵ֻ飬ҵѪأ
һ룬ʦ̧˫֣ŵС
ѪѾںϣܳɹ͵ȵʱָʲôҲұ֤
죺⵰ʲôʱϵģ
˵ȡͷѪ繫˰鵰͵˹ʦ
Ůû˵Ϊء
ҪôʲôʱԷˣĬBЩãȻʵҪҪĸ
Ĳݶϣιʳһ£ӦҲ԰ɣԷԱԣϲԼɣٹʮʶǿңʱš˳Ӧ÷ˣڼιι᳤ÿ硣
ĬB룬Ļ£ãΪһʮ»̥
ʦһ䣺ҲֻҴ¹⣬ϾַʽӻǵһΣѱб䣬ʮ»̥һʱãûҲʧֻҪϢȶ¡
ҲǰԤ롣
ĬBȻںûз֮ǰһжδ֪
СĽӹűȶ쵰ٴĵôܷ𣿻˵ĺӸͷȽ㣿
˻̥ʮºӣԺ͵˵ҺӴӵģеС갡
ˣҶ԰æչСˣռпԴůСѣС˳ɳҶٵڶ
ĬBһ·ռбȽϷģŵɷҶչţʱŽȥˣСÿ춼ԺЩ档
鵰ʲô쳣ʱ֪ͨҡʦ˵
ͷѵռнҶ͸ղôһĹҶԼ˿ڿϲһѣڰյѻܵǸܺϸҡ
ŵˣ֮ôһˡ
ٻ˳ʦ·ɺֱӾƮǰҪ໶ϲͶ໪Լ׺ӵĳס
ĬBޱҲˣкԺаڷΣϰڷʹ;ƣӺ߰ڷѸΡ
λڶǱɣ·ɺףұ¾ݣĬBվԱ߿š
¼ţѪ¼ҵڣѪΪţϰ֮ػһų֮ģħرġɫȻʼ˵¼ҵѵ
¼ÿһκڽ󶼱ѪڣҲķʽ¼кЩûתֻصǾͿƾѪϢҵ
ͬ¼ҪŵӣҲ¼ҵţһѪ֮ǲܳϣŻػ
ĬBָ£ʦѪһ֧ƳȵϣֱС㱻ѪȾ죬ȼϥ³λڹݡ
Ҳ֪ʲô㼴㱻ѪȾܵţĺɫƮΧλߣƮĬBĹűС
Ⱦ裬پƣͷϡ
ʦһһÿȰձִӴСȾ裬پƣûͷʦǳˡ
ű֮Ҳ¼ŵӵϢ¼ҵĵһλŵӣǸޱʱ̡
Ȼףһ£ĬB飿
ʦû̧λڡ
ӵͷɣˣϢˡ
ǣʦǺϢʦ񹧾˵
λڻ˹űϢ
ʦԺ¼ҵĳħ㴫ˣΰǿ츳ĿŲſԡĬBЦǺǵ˵㺢ӷĲɹ¼ҵĳħҲ˴УԹʦǺĵģ¼ҵû취ˣⱲ϶˴ҹϧһˡ
ʦõĿ˵ʦǱ²ģ֮裬һˣҽޡ
ĬBЦ֣ܺȻһˣɷһҺܺ氡


36 
ĬĬ˵Ҷڱ, ǲǸóƺΪʦ㣿
㶣ôͻһͯգȻǸ֡
ʦˣ٣СʦðɣԵͿɰ
õ, СʦáܵȻݡ
Ǿɣȵףһ£ϢѾűҼ, ʱضôôѧ֮ˡ
΢΢һ, ʷһЦĬBǰǵһΡ
֪СʦãʦңûʦҲԡ
Уп˻ȥġ
ţȸˡ
ʦߡ
ȵ뿪ĬBһƨ|ʯϣʦ, ¼ҵĳħ˴ˡ
츳Ǻ, ¼ҵĳħǱȽޣһȽѧأ
ȻѾһǻеڶŵѾ, Ȼеڶɵýʾ֭˼߻ЩʱȽϺõ˶԰ս¼ҵӡ
ž͵ˣҶռС
ˣռˣҶ˷ܵĴš
ĬB£Ϊŵʲô飬ôеİ˵⻰⼸˺òá
ÿ춼ܴһ㣬ʲôôСֵġûĻһ䡣
ѽˡҶĬBļ́Դ
˳ƿȥǿôǷҶ˯ĵطͬʱҲ鵰ʱСѡ
Ŀȥɫɵò߳˶ڰյСռ䣬ɣǺܴСռ޵Ʈţʮ
תŷҶȷϣղô˵š
ҶĵӦǰޣԷι˱ССһռ䣬Ǭᰴס޵ʹСԼΪ󣬲ͶӴ޶úӵ
ĬBЩϲǸöԺһѵ޸˴ܣ붼ÿҲۣʲôϷɵĵܵģˮεĸ漰
һ䡣
ҶͷѰιιͳˣռУĻʱԴǳȥԼȥɱޡ
ĬBͷǸ⡣
˶٣̽Ե˵ĺõӦ˻Ǯɣ
Ҷ˵շҶļ䴫УһӦϲǴСӿʼ̫˲̫ù̡ܽ
ֻµĵ𣿡
ҶΣˣֲǼ
ĬB˫һѼ𣿡
Ҷֻÿ˼˵ˡ᲻̫˷ˣ
ᰡһСռһѣÿµǮģܳ԰𣿡
ǵǣҪҶչˡǾ΢ĴСˡ
ĬB˵ԶûЩѼѼ|󣬴ʲôзҶֻްԺֻأս㹻ˣο׬ǮȨ֮£ݱȽϺá
ͷЩͼݱ˵ЩϰգҲûΥռڵ壬ð
Ҷʾ̫ԣֻݣ
ĬB½ȻȥС̣Ѽ죬ţûˡ
ռֳɵģԵЩ벻öѰ
֮ĵȴ̣Ƕǰ׻Ǯţ
ϴҹϧûлܿϢԪʱʱ޻ľҪһܵ׷飬ҹϧҲУȵ鴦ٻظ
ĬBЩΣôü첻пܡ
Ҳֻҹϧ⣬ڡ
ЩûдҹϧĬBİѸô鶼ˣСݵͼѾ꽻ʦСݵһ¥ѾװϣѾʼװ޶¥İ䣬˼ʮչٶֿˡ
С˳ϵĹһһÿصӪҵú϶ѵĸӿռнĬB
ԺǱÿ춼õС˳ۣС˳ʳѾߴʮ֣ḻʣðϲһ󲨡
իǱϼЩ߲ˣЩҲһЩũߣһЩһЩ̼Ŀǰûж
Ƕӻ̫ʦǱ⼸춼ܰûʲôֱĬB߾춯ԪڹīϵЩЩֵԭ
ϢԺͷǵǣֹҴбԽҪ󶯸ɸ˻Щأ˵ϵŹֲ˾ȷҪսˣͷ̸Ÿë
ǸûᣬŴҶڽŸīϵʱɵüӰѾˡ
С깤Ҫһʱ䣬ĬBͰעһӻϣӻ޼ҪǴҹϧȻÿµķⶼһʲСĿǲҪǮ͵ĻƶҪǮѾڿ״̬
Ϊû⣬ӻûмڵеĶһЩһЩư裬СӰ˵ĶС
ôģӻ̵ƹһӣҲ֡
ĬBȫȨִҹϧµЩӺ󣬸˴ˣһȫûй֮ǰһվɣ״̬ҲӪҵԸӵĻƶȴţҲûʱְˡ
ӻ̸ĳɻģˮɣ߲˸ɣݲЩĬBתһȦֱ˵Լе뷨
ƹû飺ǣͷӻ̲бص㡣С˵ǰѧգЩ趮һЩ϶ģЩϹ߲֪ӪӦû⡣
ĬBĵͷܺãҰѶ׼һ£ʽҵſڹҸľ˵һ£һ֪ͨС˳Ǳ߰æӦûеģӪͺˡ
ǰЩӻƷɣ¿ҵһĿ͵ӻҪ򵽶ٽЩӻļ۸ŰɣŻݵ㣬
ҪǸˣ˳Щ
ƹɫ棬μˡ
֮ĬBָָ㣬΢ŲһЩӣӲ󣬽׼Źӣǽ嶼ǹӺ͹̨
봦ͰһЩΣԹϢ
ߵĹ̨Щ߲˹ɣұߵĹ̨ݲ裬СһһҵĹٹ֡
ķ񵽲Ҫ޸ģ͵ʵûʲô뷨΢ŴһЩݲݵĹԴһЩƤУΪݲǱ
꣬ĬBˣظ׼
߲˸ɿԷΪ֣һǵİ߲˺ɣˡһʳ߲˸ɣܷѵʱ䣬ûʳĴԪһ־ڴ𰡡
ӻǱҪ߲ͨ˸ΪЩûпռߵͨȥҲôŶʱ䣬ʹҲ㡣
߲ͨ˸򵥣ҶռаĬBҪЩ߲к棬ɣʱʹɽСɽĶѷ١
һˮ߲ˣһ߲˴࣬ˣ졣
ˮ߲ĿǰеƷ㹽ףĲˣܲˣУСʮֵ߲ˡ
ڰˮ߲׼һĬBͺͷҶо߲˴࣬һЩˮҲһˡ
ΪȷԪǰյĿζûа߽ϣֿ֮װʱҪʲôÿԼ䡣
ҶæͰѹϵЩŮϵϹߣæµĺܣŮǺƣŮɻۣ
ÿԸ̫Ȥˣ㿴㹽ࡢϹϴࡢࡢ࣬ƻ࣬ˬڣζˣţһ𡣡ĬBֽŻϹߴ࣬ССһÿֿζһΪԳԡ
ȻԳҪС˳Ǳ߸Щ˵ĿԳԵģС˳󣬺ʵôǱ߿ʼ棬ĲԶò˳ȥ߸ɣ׵ġ
ǧ謿˼ˣǰһæװһʼ֪Ҫôû֡
ǰ˲ٸˣϴָװ˼ӣĸӿռһ£˳ҪĶڿռзźˡ
ϲףΪЩ߲ģĬBصд˵
˵Ƹɻ᲻ӰЧĬBһ䡣
ǧЩ֣Ų仵ġ
ĬB
Ǹһ޴⡣
ŶˣЩкûҩ̰ɣ
ǵġ
ĬBüͷ˼һ˵ļӸĳҩ̣ҩΪ뼸򿴿ССʹͳɡ
ǧ˵翿ſǼҲΣ֮ǰݽӴ񣬵֮ûٿˣЩвǼӻˡ
УǾˣ֪ͨǱװޣԽԽá
ǧ謣ǣ
˳Ԫеҩ۵һ¡
ǡ
ˣҰЩ֮ȥϢɡŹߴѾӴˣĬB˵һ䡣
˷׷Ӧ
ɫˣĬBϴϴ|Ϣ
ԽԽˣſɵöഩ㣬ԪǵﶬߵĻȽϿ죬Ŀ졣Ա׼ڶҪ·ĵĿ˵
֪ˡĬBЦӦڴϣÿճһЩ߲˷ĸӿռС
С˳իǱÿ춼ţʱ˱Ƚ϶࣬ſܹ죬ȵȥʱ򾫹⡣
С˳ǱŶٶǱ߶
ˮ߲㹻ģĵе󣬴еš
ռЩҲ˵ҪʲôͳʲôôܹȵҲô飬֪ٶҲܲסÿǱߵġ
бҪһ´׵ˡ
ñī뵽ʲô͵˵


37 
ѱī˸
ĬBſڴ, ֽϿٵдţСؼۣ۵һ֡
ȻһѵСĸӿռС
ڴԪյʳ˵ײʳʳ֮һͷҲǷϵͣܶϲͷӾС˳ԡ
ҪдĶ, Сֵ٣С٣Ҳ, ҾͰעڴϡ
һС࣬۸Ҳ, ԱȴףŻкܶԸٲЩͷһڻ
۸̫࣬ЩϰҲԸ԰ͷҲٳԴˣм¾أʱˡ
鴦꣬īתĬBҪʲô
Ҫд㶫
, Щεİѱīٴηڴߡ
, ɫˣϢʲô˵ɡ
ˣҵø齱ĬBֽд, ˮ
ֽдŶǽƷһ߸һ˹ѣѣҹѣʲôʲôѣԼҪߵҩѿץҩС˳ĸ߲˶ڽУԼִ۵ŻݣӻֻͨҪ66Ǯܳ齱һΣҲܴӵ⡣
ھôӣֻܼǱߣȵߺ䡣
ǱӦû⣬ƹҲʮֳ࣬齱ģʽӦ⣬ĬBûд̫࣬ʹоһЩɷӣôŻô
ҺѰоÿ춼뾡취ͶҡĬBε̾˿±ʣ̱ڴϲˡ
ȷʵдˣŰѱīߣ˼յ򣬴ֻһյסᣣ˵ţڸϵʱŮҪҹ
ڶһ磬ĬBȥС˳Ǳ߿ճӭһ紵ʶ˻УһȽϺʵϡ
붬ˣഩ㡣ǧһ䡣
ĬB˽ϵ磬ͷûô䣬ϽЩӶˣҲðĵĹꡣ
ǡ
ĳСݳ棬С˳ʱѾʼӪҵÿò˳Ŀ˶ЦݣжԳԵĹߴ࣬г齱õдŽֽ
صطԸ׼ӡ£ӡСҹˡĸ֣׼Ҫˣ齱ֽøӡ¾Ͳðˡ
˵컹ûϾͰӡһȥӻ̣Ҷʼ׼顣
ӡµıͼƸӡôƣӦҲû˸Ҵ󵨵ð䡣
ĬBС˳æʱǧȥŲݵװޣʱԪĿǰҩļ۸񶼵ˣԼһЩҩµļ۸񶼴ĺ
żĿˡ
ѾģҪʱ䡣ǧ謻㱨
ĬBû˵ʲôϣӻڶӪҵݱҩ̱Ͳͬҵı䣬һЩװ޼Ҫȫ£ʱ̫ʱѾˡ
ǧ謼ɫϲ̽Ե˵ɷһЩҹϹ
ĬBڰ֣ˣɣ죬ֻҪŪĺö໨ʱҲ޷Ϊ˸ʱڡ
ǡ
ˣӻǱ߸ϸСҰɣӻԾӻ̣ȥϸԲεĹƣд֣԰ĬB뵽˵԰ӻ̣ʲôһĿȻ
ǧӦܳȥ¡
ĬBԵľȥǰӰæСؼʮǮܳ齱¿ͣڵʱȺЩӵ
ѳ齱͹ߴԳ԰õſڡ˵Ϳ԰ѳ齱ĿתƵ⣬һ㡣
Ϻͻϵѳ齱ᵽſڣӰڷŹߴԳ԰
æɣҿš
ͷæ
ĬBվſڸÿĿԳ԰ӳ齱
һֱǧ謻ĬBæµ״̬УæĴʱ䶼ûУ۵Ҫˣǧ謶ϺԼһƨ̨Ϣ
ȵС˳˸߷ڹȥˣĬBǧȥӻ̣Ѿϣ԰ӻ̣ҲһЩװΣ԰·硣
˿ӻ̵Ĵ඼ŲӣǴС˳Ǳ߹ģԣС˳ǱߵĹͺЧ
ӳ齱һЩ·ŵĿҲöſ̲סֹˣԤϵ΢õ㡣
ˮ߲˲ԳԣĹߴ඼ԳԣЩݲ趼ԺƷһ£ԳԺ֪ζˣϲĶһؼҡ
ƹһ̫࣬˼ææƣٶ˲١
ĬB˿԰ӻܺãͷĵĴǧ謻ظˡ
ǰ˻ӻǶǴҹϧµģ˭ҲҺҲ磬Ǽӵİȫ̶ȿɱС˳߶ˡ
һѾۻˣظϢ
֮ʱڸϣƻġ
ʱŷϽ֮ǰǮˣ֮ǰ˵õ͹ֱӷĸӿռУһţ˸֮ǰЩݵǮ⣬ŷҪݣҪ
ֻĬBһǣŷ˵һ䣺ľڵݡ
ôһ䣬û˵ܲµʲô˼ǹ˶òľҪѵΪī
īսɳȥҲǲľľֻ
ĬBüͷ壬治˵
ǴԪīսȺϮľҪݡ
ÿÿӶȦһսЩضųսֻҪľض֣ԲôֻҪսľҪ֣ҹϧΪ˧αս
뵽ľͺó
ıʲôΨһľǶ׼ݡ
С˳ǱСؼۣ׵Ѿڵ£ôһĻڡ
С˳ĴѹˣիǱߵĻǺܴŷǱߴ״ҪľǱԷһҲҪŵ㣬׵٣Ӵ
ĬBصظǧ謴һ£ЩоʳԴΪǰӣʵΪģСĥۺʱ࣬ҲȽ鷳ǴȽϷ㡣
ʱսͻȻģ׿ʱչС۲һֳˣҪչСĥǻչñݣӶڵʳԴΪСۡ
ͻȻһ󵨵뷨ȻΪľǶѰ˼ġ
ȺսսЩȺһֲǴһд˴·뿪սҪȺֵǿ켸ҹԣʱʱ
ĬB뵽ǰӣûʱԶʱֱóЩϰȰӣоУˮ߲һ;͸㶨ˡ
ϸ˺һ뵽ɫڣ뵽ҹϧظˡ
ſǸ糾͵ˣĬB£ˣʶĴ߹ȥ
ҹϧȻıסЩƣ˵㣬˳㻻ϴһ£Ǹ⼸첻㡣
ĬBϧû£չ˺ԼǱߡĻῪս𣿡
ҹϧ˿Աߵ£ɫЩصûл͵أ߾ǱѾֺüΣ츸ʾͻɱȥ
ľȥ𣿡ʳĵ⣬ľҪǳҹϧҲС
ҹϧ˫ԥ˼˵ĿǰûнӵʥּĿǰƿǳġ
ĬBʱѹĿ
̧Դ˵ĸ֣մڡ
ԪǴڼҵģΪڼҵĺԵйַκػҡ
ĸĬBкˣ˫ֽһ£ɿ¶Цݣ֮ʲô飬뿪ȥ߾īսҶڼúչԼˣֻܰ׼ҩսϺǡ
ϣҲܺúñԼԼΣУҪúõġ
ҹϧݵĿڻסĴ
ǱĸӲ飬鵽޷԰Ρ


38 
ϴҹϧڸס, ȵڶĬBʱûˣģӦ߲ʱ䡣
ЩĿ˿⣬ͷɫɵģҲ֪ҹϧʲôʱߵģۡ
컹ûû, ڴ飬ŲɵýռУҶǺӿȥæ, ߲ûмӰ
Źϵ鵰ĬBԥһ, ˹ȥ
˿Сڴ鵰ȫУռůҲᶳôĵܷʲôأĬBڴ̲סŵ
𾪵ָմһ£, о, Ķһˣʶİָÿһ鵰˻δսָ
ĬBЦů, ΪСϲĴأǡ
һһḧ˵ԹԵģʹʹڴǽ
鵰ֻƺڻӦĻ
ŵӣҪ̥ͺˣкΪ¼ҵŮӾҹϧţС
ĬBЦ⣬һ˿ĵһ𣬶Ҹ
ˡҶˣһỽ˼˻
ĬB˵˯Žռزǲڣ˳Цһ䡣
Ҷҡҡͷᰡռ˱ʾҶҲǿ󣬲ܿռʲô̶ȶڷҶƿطΧκһص߲˳ҶҿԵһʱȥջ񡣡
ĬBͷоռе˿ġ
Ҷ뵽ʲô˵ˣһЩسˣô
ƽϱ߸Ƿ𣿡̽Եʡ
ǷʲôҶ⡣
ĬB˵ɹֿ⣬רĳԵģЩͷҲɹƣ䣬Ҳûôǿңһз糾ﲻ̫ɾ
ҶȻ԰ֿеĿռ޴ģԴзһЩռΪڶĲֿ⣬ֿⴢؿռ޵ģֻǴЩʳӦ㹻ˣٲȻٽһֿ⣬ز⡣
˶˵γֵͦģá
ĬB˵ˮźЩˮĶˡ
ҶͷԣҲġ뵽ԼѼݵķ񣬸оˮǾԲġ
üˮ㣬Ҹϲ㣬ʺóԡ
ǿ԰ڼˮӣһˮģһˮģֻǺˮ˳ץ㺣Ƿֳ֮Ϳˡ
ãĬB⣬̾˿Щ˵˵ûֱȽĿռ䣬¯һʳԶ죬Ҳܱ£ʳˡ
Ҷ˼˼˵ӦòѴ죬ϲҶھܸŪ
ĬB˫ڴĿ죡ϽҼʶһ¡
Ҷ˿Щ˿ٽ֯һСڴֻ˿Ǵɫż˿ɫ·İɫ֮ǰʱ³˿һ
ӲֿһСڴУݸĬB
˿԰ָѷʳŪ죬ȵʳ쵽ʵ״̬ͻֹͣ
ĬBӹǸСڴоСڴȺŹһӵʱɣȵĸоʧˣԥһ´СڴһʶƲԴ㿪СڴһߵǸԱߵĲݶϡ
ðڲݶѿһ죬ȵôĬBѾ͸ƲӲӵ˱ǣҧһڳ˳ζŴûκˮֲֵԵøɣȸˮóԡ
óǸһֱ˿ţöҶĬBܻϲЩ˵ˣҶģҪʲôҶ˵һҶպûء
ĬBȥһǣ̫ˣȻֻ޲ֵֻأ˼Ҳıµġ
ɽָ֮С𣿸о˿Яе㲻̫㡣ʵ
Ҷͷ԰ӣư趼С
ľˣͽָˣЧʹöã
Ҷڡ
Ư
ĬBָӰ𣿡
Ҷᣬ΢ĵѡ
㿴Ű죬̫࣬΢
õģˡ
ڿռвҪҶ˴ʼ˿䣬˿˿СڴӸӣһʱòˡ
רĬBҲûдţ뿪ռ䣬ڴϣһСֲοţһ߰ҩĶʰˣЩҩҪӪҵЩҩĶҪ׼á
ֿеҩĴкܶ࣬ÿηҶ󶼻ɴţֻղۻ˺ְܶ࣬ҩĶУҩе㲻ͬ
غ͹ֵĲﶼһ֮ͷʼѿЩҩﲻˣ˲ֻ֥ҪԼֹͣǿһֱţַɿٶȣǧݶܳһֹֻͣˣԲֿиҩݸߵͶС
Ϊ֮ǰĬBֻЩϹ߲ûаעЩҩУϸ˿ͦ˵ģϰ֣ǧĶммҩţЩҩ˶ֵǮôͲء
ȻֵǮֵǮˮߵģƷõҩĶڴҹϧֵǸĸӿռУõĶĹҲǣѡĶõ͹ȥ
ȵĬB½ȻЩȥȡˮץʣһЩǵֶ˵㣬뵭ˮ㻹ҪһЩģǾǵˮ㵭ˮ㣬һˮӾʣô
һ쬵죬Ҳûʲô飬ĬBûгţеԼڣôڼһ죬оսϷʳõʳ
磬Ҷö˿ˣϵ˿һôһȦ˿ϸС˿԰ߵָСڡ
ĬBһ΢һʶͽ˿УߵĿռ̾ѣҶôĹڡ
˿б֣Сռ䡣
һǴ䣬Ĵؿռ䡣
ڶǼȼ䣬ʳרá
Ǳ¼䣬͸ʳᱻתƵռаš
мȼģͬʱԼȺܶʳССһСռи۵ĹӰڷ룬ţСһ׷λüȡ
ĬBһ£ÿμʳʱҪӣҪ༸ӵ飬ʱˡ
ԲľֻҪȼʳ㹻ô˳ԣʮӵʱѾˡ
ϳ극ʹŊ{ڳӣǧ謶ôӵ鲻ó͸ԱΧۣżæţﲻʲôæ
ڵ֪Ǹ׼ӣҲæ棬ݣӣæȻ죬鶼ԲĹĵİӣݵİӶˣʳͷҲ˲١
ĶҪͷϵʳޣĬBͲʳĲҲֻͷˡ
Щһ˿Уżİͷ˵̹Ҫ˿Ŀռ䶼װȻҹϧ
չϴ˯
һֱЩԵģֳʳˣ˿䶼صġ
жʱ̽ţԪīĹϵҲԽ߾ǱѾüεϢ˫פľֺֽüΣ߾أʵѾǧҾ
սһӽ֮󵽵׻᲻󶯸ɸͿǧҾīǱߵľζˡ
Ѿָ߰˰ˣľҲڽ״̬ǧҾʥּ´֮ҹϧ˰ǧٻ˾Ӫ
ǧҾǧ謸ͳ֧顣
ǧ謸ĬBʱκҪеÿ˵ԷͻȻٻزľҲЩĽӣҹϧͻȻٻҲûԵæңʣµһЩһ£ǧ뿪ˡ
ĬBɵƺԤϵʱʥּôҹϧŲľȥ֧ԮѾӽЩϰյĿϢټٲΨһ϶īѱ˺ܶͷĻľԻ֡
վ˼ţ½ȻŲҴҹ
½Ȼɫ
ĬBɫ֪в̫õ鷢ˡ


39 
ʲô£
½Ȼ˸˵, ʥּˣùŲľȥ߾īûȺսǷ봨Ԫڣٽ߾ĲٳѾ, ЩȺĿԵĹҪЩسǵľӡ
ĬBпһ£سǵľӱ, īľӾܳͨĹֱԪǣ
Ԫع, һȺɢľȫɱиǧҲǳ
½Ȼ˵Щòľȥ֧ԪǣΪɢĿòľɢжͬˡ
ʲôĬBˣȺ˭, òľֿжǵս, ʱж⡣
ҧгݣ˫ֽճȭͷİвľս, ǳȥī봨ԪڵʣĽԪԷЩ
ɷɢжôҹϧڹ¾ս״̬ҪǷûʲô׾ܵ֡
벶ȸںڴҹϧȺսƣʱð֡
ĬBǸ
ľʲôʱ
գչӦûظһ׼
Ǳ߿ʲô
½ȻҡҡͷûУĿǰ¾ɳǧҾͲľŷǱߵļ֧ƴǵÿǧҾǽֺƶٻǵóġ
ĬBЦ۵ƮƮ˵ҲѹִҶ˵ôӶʲô鶼ǴͷЩأҲ֪ǻο
½ȻǣСס˵ܿŹҲŷİľֿжҲֻһˣĪҪģҪš
ĬBݺһҧ֪ˣȥɡ
ǣС˸ˡ
ôĹʵۡԽԽһ䣬ŵһȺ˷׷׹ڵϣ̲סʲôһûأ
ɫҰײҶǱվҲվ
㣺ʱԣǽжƲ˶Թ˵İŶԴԪõġ
ûھ·᲻ᰵʲôϾҹϧҪˣǿɾīˣҹϧܻīͲī̫Ҳǳļǳ𣬳ûɱ˴ҹϧòҲǶ顣
ˣĬBü򱡷
񣬱صлģѾָĲˣҪܷԸ
ͷǾͺá
˵һɱ˵ˣԼһӣ쿴ʲôʱпա
ǡ
ľҪȥ߾ҹϧظһˣĬBҲҳţȥЩŲȥɵߵ˴ſڡ
һֱʱҹϧˡ
ĬBʱŴҹϧܹȥ
ܶӣƮĺڷԼϿԼֵĿ֮ɫҹϧվǶĿĿܵԼǰȻȻֱ̧۱סԼĨůֱ˻УĶ̲סĶҪˡ
ʱ˿̣Ķ֮Ρ
BԲ𡭡ҹϧ죬³ôһ䡣
ĬB΢΢̧ͷ¶һĵЦݣĸˡ
˵Բһ֪ҵĹһԽЩ￭ġ
᲻ⲻ̫ƽʢҹϧԼ˽ȥ˼ģڴԪѣôֲܡ
οԪǲˣīԻϾɱ
ľԸǷֲڴԪڵΪλòȷ̫δ֪Ҳδ֪Գֺܶһǻġ
ԪЩѾ£˵߾߰ҪδҹϧǴһܸЩˡ
սǿĲľȥЩõİţֻͷǴЩٱҲֻܱţ˭ѵľһĽء
ѹƵ˼⣬ΣյͬʱҲǸһĻᣬӶӦöεļƻͦĵģҲĻʲôˡ
ҹϧĬBֽ빫˵㶫ϴһڴϢˡ
վҪʲôʱûжһ´ʱˡ
˵ɱ˺ӣ⣬Щɱʲôҹϧ§ĬBȻһ䡣
ĬBһõķʣ˭˵ģ
ܶӣƮĺڷԼϿԼֵĿ֮ɫҹϧվǶĿĿܵԼǰȻȻֱ̧۱סԼĨůֱ˻УĶ̲סĶҪˡ
ʱ˿̣Ķ֮Ρ
BԲ𡭡ҹϧ죬³ôһ䡣
ĬB΢΢̧ͷ¶һĵЦݣĸˡ
˵Բһ֪ҵĹһԽЩ￭ġ
᲻ⲻ̫ƽʢҹϧԼ˽ȥ˼ģڴԪѣôֲܡ
οԪǲˣīԻϾɱ
ľԸǷֲڴԪڵΪλòȷ̫δ֪Ҳδ֪Գֺܶһǻġ
ԪЩѾ£˵߾߰ҪδҹϧǴһܸЩˡ
սǿĲľȥЩõİţֻͷǴЩٱҲֻܱţ˭ѵľһĽء
ѹƵ˼⣬ΣյͬʱҲǸһĻᣬӶӦöεļƻͦĵģҲĻʲôˡ
ҹϧĬBֽ빫˵㶫ϴһڴϢˡ
վҪʲôʱûжһ´ʱˡ
˵ɱ˺ӣ⣬Щɱʲôҹϧ§ĬBȻһ䡣
ĬBһõķʣ˭˵ģ
ĬBö˿ģŲ⡣
˿ǷҶģСռ䣬һһʳһʳʳϺԶ뱣¼䡣
ҵæŽûʱ˿ЩʳＸӾͿˣǺܿŪˣһյʱ䶼ûʱʱ˿ŪԷ㡣
ҹϧһöָϣоһ£ܾ̾
ҲΪ뷨
ĬBһĵɪȻоģҶҲĸˣռô㣬ҶˣĸӿռʳﶼУżҲǱ߷ŵʳˣҩҲУһЩ˵ҩ඼׼ˡ
Bлл㣬ˡҹϧ̧ḧкܸж
ҺͺӵĬB̲סˣۿ
ҹϧһʹԼĻУǣȶ䣬ꡭ
ڶ컹ʱҹϧˣûֱ뿪ڴߣüۺῴ˯еĬBһԥ˺þã̧ḧ˯
ĬBŪѣץסֻϲֵ֣һ˯˽ҹϧĻС
㣬չ˺ԼԼ
ãҲǡ
ûйֵᣬҲûв̷ֱ飬ͬҪȥӪһֻǼ򵥵Ļ
ĬBӵһ£ҹϧſڣŲſͣסת¶һĨ΢Ц
Ȣ㣬ҡ
ĬBö˿ģŲ⡣
˿ǷҶģСռ䣬һһʳһʳʳϺԶ뱣¼䡣
ҵæŽûʱ˿ЩʳＸӾͿˣǺܿŪˣһյʱ䶼ûʱʱ˿ŪԷ㡣
ҹϧһöָϣоһ£ܾ̾
ҲΪ뷨
ĬBһĵɪȻоģҶҲĸˣռô㣬ҶˣĸӿռʳﶼУżҲǱ߷ŵʳˣҩҲУһЩ˵ҩ඼׼ˡ
Bлл㣬ˡҹϧ̧ḧкܸж
ҺͺӵĬB̲סˣۿ
ҹϧһʹԼĻУǣȶ䣬ꡭ
ڶ컹ʱҹϧˣûֱ뿪ڴߣüۺῴ˯еĬBһԥ˺þã̧ḧ˯
ĬBŪѣץסֻϲֵ֣һ˯˽ҹϧĻС
㣬չ˺ԼԼ
ãҲǡ
ûйֵᣬҲûв̷ֱ飬ͬҪȥӪһֻǼ򵥵Ļ
ĬBӵһ£ҹϧſڣŲſͣסת¶һĨ΢Ц
Ȣ㣬ҡ
ĬBö˿ģŲ⡣
˿ǷҶģСռ䣬һһʳһʳʳϺԶ뱣¼䡣
ҵæŽûʱ˿ЩʳＸӾͿˣǺܿŪˣһյʱ䶼ûʱʱ˿ŪԷ㡣
ҹϧһöָϣоһ£ܾ̾
ҲΪ뷨
ĬBһĵɪȻоģҶҲĸˣռô㣬ҶˣĸӿռʳﶼУżҲǱ߷ŵʳˣҩҲУһЩ˵ҩ඼׼ˡ
Bлл㣬ˡҹϧ̧ḧкܸж
ҺͺӵĬB̲סˣۿ
ҹϧһʹԼĻУǣȶ䣬ꡭ
ڶ컹ʱҹϧˣûֱ뿪ڴߣüۺῴ˯еĬBһԥ˺þã̧ḧ˯
ĬBŪѣץסֻϲֵ֣һ˯˽ҹϧĻС
㣬չ˺ԼԼ
ãҲǡ
ûйֵᣬҲûв̷ֱ飬ͬҪȥӪһֻǼ򵥵Ļ
ĬBӵһ£ҹϧſڣŲſͣסת¶һĨ΢Ц
Ȣ㣬ҡ
ĬBö˿ģŲ⡣
˿ǷҶģСռ䣬һһʳһʳʳϺԶ뱣¼䡣
ҵæŽûʱ˿ЩʳＸӾͿˣǺܿŪˣһյʱ䶼ûʱʱ˿ŪԷ㡣
ҹϧһöָϣоһ£ܾ̾
ҲΪ뷨
ĬBһĵɪȻоģҶҲĸˣռô㣬ҶˣĸӿռʳﶼУżҲǱ߷ŵʳˣҩҲУһЩ˵ҩ඼׼ˡ
Bлл㣬ˡҹϧ̧ḧкܸж
ҺͺӵĬB̲סˣۿ
ҹϧһʹԼĻУǣȶ䣬ꡭ
ڶ컹ʱҹϧˣûֱ뿪ڴߣüۺῴ˯еĬBһԥ˺þã̧ḧ˯
ĬBŪѣץסֻϲֵ֣һ˯˽ҹϧĻС
㣬չ˺ԼԼ
ãҲǡ
ûйֵᣬҲûв̷ֱ飬ͬҪȥӪһֻǼ򵥵Ļ
ĬBӵһ£ҹϧſڣŲſͣסת¶һĨ΢Ц
Ȣ㣬ҡ


40 
ĬBһЦݣ֪, Ȼǽôͷ̫˶ء
áҹϧ硣ϣڼﰲֵ㣬ԹԵģϱߡ
ô˵͵ͷˣⱲĿǹȫռݹλĹ
ҹϧЦת߳˷, ӰʧߵĺĻС
ŽŲԶȥֱʧĬBϵЦį̧ûûаֻĹһ˳, ջؼҡ
󣬱һ˽, ĬB㣬̧ˣһϤĺɫؿڴɫͼ쳣ۡ
ɱָɱˡ
Է̧²Ǹͦˡ
վĬB󣬸˵ľ, ɱָʮλС, 鲼أľ֮һ
ĬBǹ𵭵Ц⣬ǰʣǲֻҪļǮʲôǶ
ľ㣺һ, 飬ûаǲ֡
Ǳ簵бˣץ׽ޣ顣Լеĵʵ
Ҫ˭ҪץʲôȽ׵ޣǮȡ
ҪƷԼϵȵ̡
ľ˼һ˵Ʒϵڸжãϡ֮еõǷЩСˣ
ĬBЦǮû
һϣشԷ
Ȼˣеļ۸ȡĿǰߵ۸һʮӹӶɱֵķãǵɱַеȼӶҲͬƷֱӦʮһһɱһĹӶ𡣡
ĬBһ飬ô
ʶӶɱǶôǮˣȻһ˿ԹӶġ
֮ǰ˹ӶɱңӶĶĸȼɱ֣ͻȻһ䡣
ؼľҲûڣֱӾ˵ˡ
мһЦһǱء
ʲôãɱֲ࣬Ǿ
ҲӴ
ˡֱԣǮûУ
ĶԵǮ𣿡ĬBʡ
ľ㣺ԣҪĶԵǮ
װ߲ˮ
ľ㣺
ҲҲҪԷǲǣ
ĪѰģľ
ĬBüЩַҵúã̬Ҫ
ľ˫ûп
Ҳˣִ̧Ӳֿóڷϣм꼶ҩġ
Ҫ𣿡
̧һۣܸɴ³һ֣Ҫ
õģһ䣬׸ҪҪ
ҪײҪ
УǾͰм㣬ۣС˳ļ۸㡣
ԡ
мˣЩȻܱˣľҲֱˬֱӴӦˡ
Ҫʲôɱ֣ˣ
ĬBʣһ켶ɱ֣Ůɱ𣿡
С
Ǿһ켶ʮؼģһٸƼҲһٸɣˣɱָ¶ˣҪҰǵöǮһĺ棬ĸƵá
ľǺݺһ飬û˭ôӴĲǣֻǰŮ˻治˵δֶ֪λǿӲʱɱָλεǮλӦòȱĪζ
ҪɱƷϵҪϵɱ֣ؼΪ׵
ţûë켶ɱ߱ңؼɱȥռץС̣ʣµĻƼɱæĬBȻĻص
æľѪ˵
ɱɱĶ಻ðɱҲ׬ǮҾӪҲ׬Ǯβ׵׬ǮأҲ룬ڰҾӪͬʱǻѧϰһ㱾أԺҪǲɱ˶һ֮ı·ĳ˵
Ҳǿǵȼߵɱַ̫ԣҲܸ߰Ǿͼɱ֣۸Ҳеġ
ľĬţĬBǹЦǵ٩ûѯʣĵȴš
һ˵û⣬ڻƼЩɱҲұ֤һٸίжǷֵӦȼɱִнȡûлƼɱԸֻ֣ܾʹա
û£жپͶ٣ЩǶȰȷһ£ͷÿʮһιӶûɣĬB˵óüͰҩʵ
ľͷԡЩһ£͵۸񶼲ͬÿʲô۸СӼ¼ĺϸ۸ǰļ۸㣬۸һҲкü
㹻ˣÿ춼һͳ㣬ȵǮʱһ㣬ֱӸҾС
ԡ
¸ǣȵȷٵŴš
Ⱥ
ļ̌һ£ת뿪
ɱ𣿡Щԥʵĵȼɱֽռû⣬ֻǹеˡ
ĬBЦΪʲô˾Ҫҵˣ͵˹ܹϣӶҪ͵ɱʹһôˣ
㸩˵ʲôֻ˵Լˡ
ҩ׼ôˣĬB뵽ʵ
صһѾ׼׵ƹѡѡӣӲʺ¿ҵΣ
ĬBûƵҲӦõģһҩĶˣľˣԺÿµʮҩгһЩ˲Σǧ֥֮ҩģƽʱͨҩ
ǣ
µ꿪ҵӸ齱Ҳ
ǡ
ĬBҲûʲôˣһЩҩĸ˱㣬ҩȥ¡
ѴҹϧµӸʰˣʣ»߰˼ң˵Ů˱ǱӶгϳһӶûУֲ̫飬ЩƹڣѵŪ㻨˿͸˰
ĬBǰֽϻţʼƻװޣˣ׼ˣҲ֮ǰ˵õġ
Ԫ˺ü£ʲô֪߰˰ˣС˳˺ԪгһЩӶйעгЩ˽⡣
ʣµļУѡڵϳһΪҹ˵ٰܲһҸĳɻ꣬ʣ¾ֻļˡ
ӲʳסУоˣûʲô뷨ܲһȺ޽ɣ̫ˣͨûǮǮԼзޣ
ʳҲˣʣµľºסУ񻹴һСȾʱ뼸Ĳ÷Ҫ󶯸ɸ
סҿջɣȽĿջȤое΢
гÿϼһҿջƽʱٶе㣬ǵһЩлʱЩջᱬ˵⻹ԡ
ĬB˵ջ׬׬ǮҪֻǸռλã׬ǮҪӣջӵҲ˿ջ
ںһ䡣
ӦӰ
ڡ
ûʲô飬顣
˵
ĬB°ЩĿʣͷЩҪŮˣһô˽ģ


41 
Ϊʲôô, ǿڻصһ㶼ڲ¥֮ĵط˽ᣬСҲС
ǡһҹҪЩأ˵
һ£˽ˣ˵˫, С֣ЩӸһͷмСԺݲؽе顣
ĬBЩͷ, Ǯ˶СԺ˼ңĻͷ˽, ȥջ͵飿Ц
޴⡣
ۡ
˵ƿջģʽҲ⣬ҲȽϱˣҪЩСϰΪĿջ𣿡ޱʵ
˼һ˵Ӧûеģʵгٰ߲յķˣЩӵԪžͻⷿӣⷿӱˣջס󡣡
ǾͰʣµЩӶװ޳ɿջ, ЧŪõ, Ūܰ㣬⻹ⶼԣҲȿջķ۱ˡ
ʣЩӶ, Ūɿջֻôӡ
ĬB⣺ûϵʣǼа¥ӶĽˣ䲻ջô󣬴΢һ룬ҪȸСȫСܰʣ»һǶⱸÿġ
ûκˣЩСϰգȷʵҪ̫סˣԵӵԡ
֮ӵͼֽĬBͺͷĻͼȫҪģһֱӲؽҪй涨뽨ٸ߶뽨ˡ
ؽʱãڹɲˣĬBҲûаѹעǱߣרĽҵİ˺ͻꡣ
ҩ̿ҵС˳԰ӻǱ֮ǰ齱õץҩҩ۵Żҩ̸տҵ˲ٿˣĴҲһʱ俴ļûУҩΪ
ĬBȥѲӣ̫ˣҩҩ׵ҩҩ۶һ㣬˵Ҫʱܸľ
ҩȶûж뿪ȥ˰ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһЩˣװٶȼӿ죬¥Ѿɵ߰˰ˣչǵ˼깤ˡ
ٽҵĬBصؿһ³ǵգ죬һҹ߳ԣһ׶һ飬⣬ļʱ޸ˣû̫⡣
˵ĽҲڳﻮһжй滮Ľš
ҹϧ뿪ĬB˼ھϣԼæĽͷöĲû˼ȥ
ʱǱϢĬBһصĳҾ¥С
ൽʱĬBűǰȥ
еӡǼҾ¥ϰƺٹˣٹ˵ĿζΪԪҲСͷ˲١
ߵſڵȺ򣬼ĬB񣬹Ĵȥ¥ϵİ䡣
㣬ĬBź΢Ц
һ㡯ǽеЩˣձҲܵ
ĬBҲȥ˵ϣ֮Ż
ؽʱãڹɲˣĬBҲûаѹעǱߣרĽҵİ˺ͻꡣ
ҩ̿ҵС˳԰ӻǱ֮ǰ齱õץҩҩ۵Żҩ̸տҵ˲ٿˣĴҲһʱ俴ļûУҩΪ
ĬBȥѲӣ̫ˣҩҩ׵ҩҩ۶һ㣬˵Ҫʱܸľ
ҩȶûж뿪ȥ˰ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһЩˣװٶȼӿ죬¥Ѿɵ߰˰ˣչǵ˼깤ˡ
ٽҵĬBصؿһ³ǵգ죬һҹ߳ԣһ׶һ飬⣬ļʱ޸ˣû̫⡣
˵ĽҲڳﻮһжй滮Ľš
ҹϧ뿪ĬB˼ھϣԼæĽͷöĲû˼ȥ
ʱǱϢĬBһصĳҾ¥С
ൽʱĬBűǰȥ
еӡǼҾ¥ϰƺٹˣٹ˵ĿζΪԪҲСͷ˲١
ߵſڵȺ򣬼ĬB񣬹Ĵȥ¥ϵİ䡣
㣬ĬBź΢Ц
һ㡯ǽеЩˣձҲܵ
ĬBҲȥ˵ϣ֮Ż
´°䣬˵滰ԪǴôҾ¥ȷʵûЩŶصĲ뷨ӵ˼ˡ
ĬBǳԲǳϻ𣬾ͺٳԣżĲŻһ㡣
˳ζأԹԵĵͷԷȫֹӸһˡ
һЦԷˡ
Ա˲̸鰡
ҲǱйŮͬһΣǶڱϺţ¥ĻƶվһԷҪʱӲˡ
Ŀ֮³ԷҲպͲֵ˵Щ߰Ļܹǲġ
ԱûưѲӳˣһ͵ģ֮˳ߺš
ҲסͷƵĺŲ裬ĬB˵Ҳʣô΢Ľз㡣
Щ֮ҪôˣĬBһڲ󣬷²豭ĵһ䡣
΢¶Ц⣺֣ǶӶռͷ
Ͳʲô̧
΢ĵ˼óʲôǰʽʲô
ĬBЦҿżɽˣҲθԭбʴҪҪ̷ġ
һ㶣û뵽ôˣĬ˼˵׬ǮȻҪΪҪǮȥⲻʲô÷ӻһ
ڹµЩӷչӦöˣңĲ˵㲻ûġλ֮·գǮƺҪûʲô¶ǮҲҪġ
֮ǰ¶ҲУˣһ˻æұ̶ӣӵ̶ӻ᲻Ƚϰȫ㣬ٵ㱻ӴٵĿأ
̶ӣЩ⡣ҵ̶ӲûУ沢á
ĬBɫЩ̶ʲô
ʳƥҲС
Ǯܸ߰ɡ
ͷ
ĬB˫ֽס°ͣſ˵׬ǮֵĻΣ
ɫϿңʾ
̶ӵԼȥţԼˣǰ̶ֻЩʳЩ˶ĵطֻЩСʳҵͼ۸㣬ļ۸ԼԪһȦ㲻ģڼҪдʲôԣҩģҩҲС
ɫһ¶ĺЦ⣺˵ǣ׬Ǯͬʱ£ģνһ˫񰡡
Ĳ˵ֻ̫ˣʳŵʱ̶ӳȥ׬ǮѣЩôô˵Ǿǵˡ
Цⲻţұ׬Ǯ
У࣬ЩǰͲʲôõģӴӼǸ⣬Ҳ㡣
˵̶ӳȥһ˾һһ㣬Ĳ׬Ҳ׬ģ׬˰նĺԺλкôĿڱҪ
ҪģҲĬBһС˽ģӰѴΪĶ֣һ뾡취ʲôƳҲΪعɢӵעöӾΣС
һʲôöӾʵҲԻλܸȤӾԻעϡ
ΪΪжӶλһᾯ裬һģǱͺܵ㣬Ҳڰ
ӵֶӲģʣ治˵㲻ǸƤأҲǻʺĶӣŷϽ̫ʦû潻ô֪˭ǿ˭
ĬBû˵˼峺᲻֪ȻӦȻ޾
ʱǵ벶ȸں
˫һļϣǣĬB֡סԼһöӽ䣬û಻㰡ֱĸӿռתֶ෽㣬ҲöӾǴûģһֶɱͱˡ
ͷһеĶһ嵥㣬Լ۸ҪʲôдӸҾͳɣһѶ׼áԱ㣬ĬB˵һ䡣
¶΢ЦлЯ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ʲôлģҪл̶ӳȥʱһæɱЩҪʲôС裬Ըңûоˣһ˵˵
Ӹ̧񣺡ǣܼˡ
ǾȻȥˡ
ܹͽ㡣
߳¥ѾǣſڵȺĬBֱӻ˹
ս½ȻСųƣĬB֪ʲôˡ


42 
ǱϢ, ˵ʮӱʺ֪Ӫһҩ̣ѯܲŪĽ
ĬBüͷһ壬ʮ˵д꣬뵽֮ǰһ, СһôɰСܾܵôеϧġ
СҲ͸ճ겻ã˿еΣˡ
ֻĽе, ͸ɽѩһ, ɽѩĴڻϡУĽֻȵĵطɽڣҽĵطܶȥѰҶȥ޻أصӵкĵĽɫϡ
֮ǰҶҩĵʱһЩҩģĽϸ, Ҷǰ, 졣
У֪ˣһġĬB˵߽
Ľڿ֮Եֲ, ֵ͵ĺĽ֢֮״ЧĵĽҩЧǿҡ
ݺֱӽռҷҶѯʺĽ顣
꣬Ҷε˵ĽǱ˵ĽѪ¾뵱|һ߸Ϊߣӳ|κβʹɢ˲֢֮ҪҲܾȻˣôõĶø˰
ɡĬB͵طӦЩʣô˵ϻУ
Ҷͷ֮ǰһ꣬պóֹͣҶͲժˣĽȽҲһʱ˵ˡ
ܸһ𣿡̽Եʡ
Ҷҡͷҩ
ˣԥһ˵ҳ͹ȥûû취ȻоϣռôǿˣŻܳЩǧ꼶ҩĶ׼㣬ʮ㻹ӡǰһϿҡ
ӡǻûϸעʮ⣬úĽʵģûоԣܲܰҩЧӵͿ컯ˡҶ˵תȥֿѶʰ
ÿҩĶСľװţװźĽĺӷϱߣһĬB˳ȥ
㣬ȥʺԷһҩʱùʦְɡǸݸ˱㡣
˫ֽӹСıϣתȥҩ
һֱʱ򣬱ˣʾĽڹʦİѾʮˣ˳ʮѾöˣ֮͵úúһʱ䡣
ʺп˽ߣ˵Ǯ׬ۻӡ
֪ˣȥϢɣҲţû¡
л¸ˡ
ɫĬB̾˿Ϣһ˯ˣ˿ĸӿռ䷢ִҹϧдˣЩóš
ͷֻȼ֣ѾһЩȺ|֣ЩٶȺܿ죬ʱܵԪǣҪ߶Ŷˣ£ġ
´ߵǰţһһ䶼ʾܺá
Ϊ˲öԷǣֻܰĵ׵Ƿ˼ǣ²¶
ľˣеĻһɱ֡
缧켶ɱ֣ҪġľǸŮɱ֡
缧¶һ޸ĵĬBУǹЦǷ֣ĬB񣺡缧
ĬBͷɣԼƵ㣬㣬˻ˡ
缧ִ̧ԼǰӹһѾڣеֻһŹ˳
ĬBµҲûж⣬ǴɱֶرļܣһӾͱеţ
·˳˵һ¸ϵĹء
ǣ缧һ˵
缧ĬB֮Ŋȥ·ˡ
ĬBĿľϣʣƼɱأ
ľ㣺ɱûⶼ׼ˣƼֻʮ
ԣǾʮɣƼĴɱֽͳĬBҲˣʮʱҲˡ
ãǾͺ졣
졣
ľǰСӵݸɫʵСӣָСͷֱŻƺá
һӶЩɱֶһҵģҲڸҵ»ӲҪŪӶ֮Ҫҡ
ĬBЦʣһСĶأ
ľ㣺Ǯ
ĬB
Ǹʵڵ֯
鰲źãľ뿪ˡ
ĬBǰ嵥ѲֿеʳҩķӵĶдˣҲ΢д˼дļ۸ǰмֱۣɲܵͼۡ
缧·Ŋࡣ
ԺѾˣķԸĳ˴ɹдˣ˵һ䡣
ĬB̧֪ˣǱŪ
ǡ
ڵԺӣҲ֮ǰסǸԺӣϴαɱָɱ׷ɱ󣬲ʬأѪɺ֮Ҳ̤ˣʱһֱסߣסʵǴҹϧӣԱ߾鷿Ժźסģϲһס˾Ǳסˡ
ô˯ſ־Ӧ˲СɹϵŮû¸ɵĿ԰æɵ
ȫǰѿֶˡ
һ鵹Ҳûʲô飬ŮԱߺţĬBͼ뵽ʲôʲôЩĶ֪ʲôеǴöŻһͼһ˵ǣ˼һˡ
ʱ½ȻɳȡˮץʵˣɳȥʮˣȡĺˮûץĺʸͶУץõĶץˡ
ռзҶѰˣѾںá
һһǣһʣˮǵĿУ߲ͻ
ĬBѺˮУӣ֮ǵȴˣռĻЩʺˮֲҲɿ죬ܿгԲĺˡ
˳ƿеЩݣ̶̼ѾһȦĲ˵ЩѼٹһʱͿµˡ
׼Ķ׼ˣʣµľǵȴȴ˿ҵȴ˽ȴ¹ģĿջϡһжҪȡ
ֹ֮ȥЩ죬Ǳߵ̶Ѿϣ̶ֱ֧ӣʳҩҲĬBչ˲٣һֽǮһֽʣµӵˡ
ڼĬBӺ̫ʦǱߵĶͬʱҲܿϵҹϧǱһʲôܿᴫϢ⼸޶Ǿͱʾûʲô顣
ӵ̶ӹģСҲûڵĽУ֮з紵ݶҶ߱鲼֪ϢȻˣȻѾл᲻ȥٻʲôֽǾͲĬBĵ飬Լȥڡ
Ҳû²ôţһûʲô飬ˣ糿϶˰˪ûпյûеˮûйŴЩ
ڸ㹵֮ͨ󣬿Ƥˮȷе˵ǴˮƤĬBȥ׼˼絽ˮˮҲһһ㡣
һֱ˿ҵĬBֲֵŻȡ
Ϊ˴лϹ˿͵ҹƳԱֿҹ֮µеѴۣԸ齱Żݵӣۡ
С˳ǴҹϧµЩӶҹ˵ӣͳһսߡ
ôõԱ˿ҵڷǵϿԳԱܳ鵽۵ĻԱͿƷˣÿζÿζܳԱʹֻʹһŻԱŻݣӳ齱õŻۿۡ
ԱҲʴ죬α졣
ԱǿҵǰһͷųϢˣúܶڴһõԱļѶŻݣҪó鵽۵ĻԱҩԷۣʱʹãʱʡµǮɱĶࡣ
ȻΪ˷ֹһŻԱ෽ʹãĬB˻ԱЧʱ䣬ÿſڱ鵽ʱʱ䣬ÿŻԱЧ£µۿۡ
׼ԱĻ׼ÿ¾һΣ
дÿѶģÿζܳԱѡŻݵŽۿۣĻԱɽ˿һŻԱԶһʮγ齱
ĬBѷ涼ǵˡ
һͰɱָƼɱֽæſ͵ͣõãӴĽӴ
ɱֲɱ֣¾ȻģʽˣЦӯӯͷȫɱֳЩ£һͨ
ű죬˿ҵˣ
߹·ҪСװؿΪ˴лϹ˿ͣսƷĿ˱һһˮƴ̣Сʳ⻹лʮĳ齱ĳ˻ԱԱҹеʹã߹·С͡
ǰźţǴ͵ĶͣЩֻ·˵ĶȥƣһôóԵ̲˵Ʒ
㲻ֻǽ꿴һݹߴ࣬ҵŻȺܴôֵ˺ܶˡ
ĬBڶ¥ĳСеĺžջƣ±ֵԤϵ졣
иϢ벻֪ū澾֪缧Ȼ˵һ䡣


43 
ĬB̧, ʾ˵˭Ů˶֣ʮ򡣡
ǡĬBһ飬ǻأ̧óƱ˵ҵϢ֪Ϣֵֵʮǲֵ򡣡
缧ЦЦƱ
ƺ£ԪЩϰ廹߲ϰ, ְ׼ѹȥ
ĬB˫΢С
缧Ϣʵǻ᲻ıעͲö֪ˣĿǰûϢ, б䶯ū澻
Щϰ岻϶ռ֮İɣĬBһ䣬Ʊ˿ڡ
缧ͷǵ, ЩһЩׯ԰ԪıȽϴġ
ĬBԲµʲôˣռ˵׼۸ߵν˾Ͷ׬Ǯ˾׬㣬ӵռԲⱾ
Ǽ彵׼ۣԪдͷ׼츣յ, ͵ÿ׼ۻή͵ʲô̶, С˳׼ۻͣǳģֻǶӸû£ٺòˣѵзĵʱ
, Ϳ֮Ԫе׼α仯ˡ
ҪĶԸԼĬBԼԷһбҪӦԴʩĿⲻɵ缧ϣ߱Ŀ⿴еã
˵ɡĬBЦ
Ը׼µͬʱЩϹ߲˶½ʱͿ˭ĸͣ˭ĵù˭
ĬBòĴͷС˳ĿǰǱߵߵģС˳û˿е㲻ˡ
һڰˣѰ˼ԷһӦ֮ĲЩӦ֮ҲʵҲһЩء
ǰ˿ҵһ죬˱ʱкܶ˶ǰѳʳߣΪһ죬λλţȴǴæˣ۵ǶҪѪ
ҹţĬBͳ˱СȶţλȥϢһ»һҹһ֮Сϡ
һʼûжҳǴʧ㡣
˶࣬лðЩɱֶæккõﻺܶѹ
ҹ󣬵Ŀ٣ʣµĶǳԷ̸ˣЩŽųҹˡ
첻ˣĬBظ
֮ɰռԪʳӵףиζСԣͣҹҲǻٳһ˲˽ͷ۵Ķ
Ԥ¥𽥼٣ȥĿҲ֮٣ΪڰгԸĲƷСԶᣬ˵ûУֻҪӻ⿪ڣ⡣
˻ˣ֣ζʳƷȫ񻹺ãҷ׷ܡ
ȵ˴£΢һ㣬Ϊڽϵķ¥ˣڻǳסˡ
һЩһЩǮ̽Ϣ㱨
ĬBϺܵ¥ߵǸ߶·ߣǱĶŷһĶ۸񰺹ܽȥԵĶЩӵܣǮȥֵطǮԵӡǰߵǵͶ·ߣƽ񻯵ģЩЩǮͼǳԹˣ¥һŻݾͻȥˣ㰡ǵҪ˻ЩСϰգںǵˡ
ԻͬһطԶΪ˿˳ԶһκԺһζ
ǡҲ˵ʲôˡ
¥ҲΪӪҵ׷׼ӴҲز٣ˣп˻ʱ̱Щһ¥ĿҶҪƴˡ
Ӫҵһ£ѾԽС˳Ǳߵ룬СҲӶһЩĻҲ˼Ҳϰæµӡ
ϵһҲ˵ӵĶǹӶԱǮãǰߣ˶æֱҪӵĹǮǰյнԼÿµһЩֺ죬ȫѹ¥ĹǮ㷭˺ü
ɵĶ׬Ķ࣬ͶãҲοˡ
ĬBƹĻƣЩڵɱȥȻôһӳ˵æ
ţÿǮӼš
ϸ˶뾡취ͣҲͼģ°еһЩСԣζŻݵļ۸汻߲ٿˡ
һЩӵʳ͵ʦѧĶѧˣҵ°˵Ѿû֮ǰô𱬣ǲɵýˡ
һԱᣬƹ̲סˡ
µһһ٣ǱʲôȻȥԽԽûġ
ĬBɫȻһǿԼĻǣڵʲô˶ٲǺ
ƹᶼҪˣⲻǿ˶ٵ⣬Щ̯λǵĳʳǮͣ˶ˡ
ΪȻ͵ʦѧյôҲ˼ұ£˵˭涨ֻǵЩԵģ
ƹ񱻶µƿԣ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôһһû˵ʲô
Щȷʵе㱾£ЩĵľͲˣͷСԵ̯ӳ֣ܼǮͣ߶Ҫס¿ٵûмҲøҶס
ĬB˼֣ͷӦ
˵ҲңǾ͡׼Ʒɣÿ³ϸƷʮؼۣÿѡССƴؼһ¡
ôôԼ飬ƽͣиϣϵģ˾ˣҪ߳ԻӻǳԳʲôô߹ǾͲӦˣÿĿ˶ŵ㣬ԷһǹµӣӦò顣
ѱЩôء
ƹɫӦ
ǵʳĶֵģڸȻأͬΪʳĲͬܶ࣬ʹõˮҲȪˮЩ˸ģ²ˣԵ׵Ŀ˲ܡֿڰһ䣬ΪһЩкܲġ
ԣһʱ¶Ц⡣
˵ǣ˶п˻һֱͣһҵأСǻͷˡƹЦ˵
ĬBҲǹĵ⣬ףһ仰ͷܷʲô£¶Ҳ˼Ұ˶õģֻҪԼϵĻһᴦ
ǣӦ֮ͣǰЩήҵ״̬ʱ
ҩÿеúܣǹ߰æŪʲôģԷ˺ȳʲôôѰʺЩҩģȻϲʳ󡣡ĬBһ˵
˵ҪƷһʱûʲô뷨Ϊ뵽һЩСԶˣЩⲻˡ
ܿͻῪҵ߾Ͳӻ
Ʒһʱûͷʲôĵǿԣͬ䷽ͬȺЧͬдѰ䷽ȫġ
λͷȫУ
м¶ƹ񿪿˵һ䡣
ĬBʾ˵
ƹ˵ĻЩԪˣһ¾͹ˣЩҪؼ׼£
꣬ԥĻصţʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߵʱѵµĹʺͷֺ춼ˣйÿ˷ʮͷҲ׼һҪؼҵʱƹ˵ȵ󡭡ʮһɻ
лһġ
ʲôû´Ϣɣһȥˡ
ƹ񣺡ûûˣЩظԽԽˣɫãɵעӡ
ĬBͷ߳ˣ棬ϴĴУģ㶣ѩˡ
缧óһϣԱߵıֻǾš
ĬBڽϣߣҲûп˵ٽأҲ֪ʱһûκϢʱûϢǸ£Ҳ˸ӵġ
ĬB˵ܣÿ춼Լæµÿæµ֮ƽֻĸǿҵҹϧ
ԽԽ䣬ôˣɱôˣгԱ𣿴ůʲôʱ


44 
һ֮ûдϵ, Ҫĸӿռеʳҩڼ٣ǲͷˡ
ڼ٣ʾҹϧģǾͱʾţĿǰһȽεĵطдš
ĬB˼ŵòӦ, ҲдţΪôҹϧˡ
ҹѩ
ôһ·߻˹, մϵİѩ{˵ۣԡϴˮ, һ
ĬBűڴϣ缧ѾȥϢˣ̧ͷźԱߵ{ʣǰڶʱ𣿡
{ͷ֮ǰȥɭ֣Ǹཻ֮һƬɭ֣Ǳ߳ѩأ֮ǰдںɭнսǳս˽꣬Ҳںɭȹ, , Ҳ˳ǡ
ɭֵĺԪǵĺ̹ǲ֪ٱںɭеĥ£ǴιӺ˲, ôˣҲĺԹ˵ʲô뵣ǡ
{ӣĬBʣôŹ
{΢ЦΪǹǵӣǿĴڣʲôܷ׻ūֻڸϵȺعԡŹмǹҹǹңҪ㵣ǣﴦ깫Ի
΢΢һ㶣ǿҲ˰ҲƣҲˡ
ˣ˯³˯ˡ
֮ǰҲûжܳȥҴҹϧͷԷҶȫʲô뿪ʱ˵ҪԼסĬB˺þŷǸͷ
ϸһԼ̫ûʧˣҲС˴ҹϧʵŮ˱ԼԤϵĻҪǿҲԼ̫ˡ
ֹֻŴҹϧؼҰ
һҹ˯Ժ˯ĺܳĬBû˯ԽԽˡ
{缧̵ģͷѩˣ·Ǹůġ
һ繬ȷ͹ĳߴ磬ʺ¹͹ƶ£òƹǰЩһЩӣ˵ʥƷᱡֱů{һ·һ˵
缧һ䣺ë˿ǴǵĹèϰģкǿķ˿߾Ļǲ˶ϡ
ǰЩԪսţǴҹϧŷѹȥģ֮Ҳˣ͵㶫
ҲдŹĹ˳ĸԸΪ֮ǰսܵڣṳ̂㴨Ԫ벽ûйȵĽӴÿһ͵㶫ʾѺãҲֻǰѶ͹̬ȶǲ²𣬿͵ĶǱ
Թ̬Ҳ֪˼ˡ
ÿҶһֻػޣԪòֹֻֻÿһεĹٻȻԼ޵ëϹң⵽ǱʾػôģĪֵֹֹġ
ë˿ǸöĬBҲûж롣
ϹԪתֻʺ͸·ë˿ʵʹ͸ʺˣֻߡΪ˻֮ǰĽ顣
··ĬBӦ֮Ҳû̫Ӧǿ缧ǵɱûĲľˣ
缧ŬŬ˵òûߵἰǰЩڹ߾ֹ
ĬBЩ죬ī͹λȫ෴ģһڴԪϱߣһڱߡ
ȷǴҹϧüʵ
缧ȷЩ̽Ӳ鱨ɱָǵĴעȻҲ⡣Ǵ٣ΪڴԪ͹ı߾Ͳö֪ˡ
ĬB˵ܸպǸ
ȻīŵģҹϧǰѴԪڵﶼ缧˵ǴҹϧڴԪ͹ཻı߾˵ȥ˹ǾͱʾڴԪڣѱ׷ܵǱˡ
ڹϢҲ͸ղ{е֪ˣҲûʲô紵ݶӦòǸôˡ
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缧ЦڹƻҪ˽һ£
ĬBޱһۣҺúվš
˽ëߣдҹϧˣпӷźúõĹȥһɱֹ
缧ЦҲ˵ʲôվñ죬ָ֮ǰ˳ӡ
ʰãĬBҲûڸ㣬ֱȥ˰㣬Եһ룬ϴҴҹ
ĬBЩ⣬Ҫ֪С˳ǱʡĵģҲˣС˳Ǳܳʲôܲµ
Ϲֱ⡣ʧ죬쿪ʼгĸз׷׽ۣ۸С˳ļ۸ƽҲûе£Ѱ˼׼̫ⲻ
ɽ絽˿Ӫҵʱ䣬˱˴룬ŵְ֪׼ѹֵͣɣһ⻹и̯۸񶼱ǵĵ͡
ĬB΢΢üͷлСĺĬĬӳ
ϴûҿֻպ΢
վ쵽ĬB㣬̧˵ٶе
ϥ¹򣺡ʧְ𷣡
û˵㣬ûɡ
վЩĿ
ĬBƳԱǺЦ缧鱨٣ȷʵҪˣֻŶһ²ʵУѹ׼ֻǸʼ
Ȼӽ׼츣ǾҲѵõƣ׼۽ͿӰǵ⣬ʵЩա
ĪҪҿС˳ҪΪ˷ǣڿðǻٵǮõʳǸã
ȻǶãȻ˼ѹС˳ҪʲôöԷˣ
⣬ǵʲô
ĬBЦʲôʲôģС˳ճӪҵûһ˶ҿţҵ뿴ܺĵʲôʱҲԽռڵʳ
ԥҲ˵ʲô
ֲǿ쵶ն룬˶˲Ҫţսǳе顣
ѵǣˡ
ȥɣС˳ôô
ǣ¸ˡ
뿪缧ЦſڣԲӦ䣬ǳס
ĬBգ˫ûӦſ˼Ʈ¡
ԲӦ䣬׼ˣֻС˳Ǳְ߳ˡ
ײǴףĶء
ֻȼ죬ǵͼ۵Ĵ׶졣
ƵջǺҪģ㣬㵽ֱǸүǶӣѡˮأѽ̯ĬBǺЦűһ䡣
ĬBôãѾӦԼĲӦȥҽֱߵǸͷӡ
缧ЩãˣʣǺ⣿ôӲȥ̯
ĬBЦ缧֪ЩжԻƼɱֵѵֻһֱڰ߰æ
ʱǸ÷ųѵôõɱϳˡ
һˣͷĻƵգһż򵥵ĵͼͼϱ־гЩСֵжĬBԱȽϴ󼪵λá
ĻƵͷôŰɣ󡣡Ҳ㹻ˡ
㣺ǡ
ǲ֪ڻ᲻ᷢأ
ǣԤϵģڶͳˣµǰˡ


45 
һ߻ѩ, ҪĬB̫ţŽʹڼҹϧóԵģƫƫʡġ
ϼҵٷ̥, һֱڵϣӡûסɫصĽСɹĳлر
ŵĬBһ٣ü
Ǹï, ϼҵڰſ£̽ǿŲˡ¸Ǳ߰æɱȷ, ٷȷʵ˰˵ҲУ䷽԰̥Ϊ䷽û⣬ٷҲȷʵСˡ
ĬBɫ˫ֽץš
ⲽߵĺܺãδĺӶˡ
ʱҼǵҸ˵ÿλ, еλЩ, ䷽Ҫһʽݣ˫ǩӡٷ˵䷽ɻڣʵ
ͷڣ´Ӵõ䷽ˡ
½ȻȥǱһ, ίһӵʱ䣬ܵϼҵ˰ִҸ̫ҽҵλߵľҵλߵģֵԽԽá
ǣȥ졣뿪ĬBתĿ缧ϣ¶Ц⣺кͷԸ
ǹЦȥٷ뿪֮ȥʲôطʲôҪ֤ݣ͡
ǡ缧֫ԸеһŤתȥ顣
ȻĴϲԲῪӰ̥ķһֱעʳԼÿʳĹЧЩһЩиӰʳдһӹڵ
ôˣͿֵʲôز
˵˼ҵĺӶûˣȷʵӰôһӰĲǰһӣҩ̣˵ҩ̵ĴѧղӹҽˣֱӰĻǹ
ĬBתߵˮǰϴɾ˫֣ױһǰˡ
Ϊϼ£Χ۵İհڵֶΧˣӣֻñݶԶԶĿ
ϼҾѾ˰ΧΪ׵ŭï
ֿڸѲߵŷϢ͹˫ľӽţ˿½Ȼ֮ٷ˿ӵĴ򶼱ţ½ȻţҪïһնˡ
һ˵䷽û⣬ڰгԵĶиûκӰ죬԰̥Ϊ
һҧ˾ǰ˵⣬ٷûǱߵʲôͲ֪ˡ
ٽ⽲˵ҵٷӳԳ飬С˶ٷûмٷˣȫտڰһ˵ǣƺ̫á½ȻɫȻ̧˵
ʱïû֮ǰ󣬶ŭнųݺݵ½Ȼ˵ӻԴδ̥Ҳأһ޶Ҳ磿뿪صϾͿʼӲʣڼҲûгԹʲô˵˭⣿
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˵óһ˵е⣬궼ϸͳƶԷڱÿһʳ߻ٷ˵ǩѺï
ïɴ۾ţȷʵӵıʼӡ£ѱûмӵʲôҺйڣѱǲû
ƹ˿ѹеĻ˵ٽȻ֪йڣûиٷҪ˳Զ
㣡
½Ȼ֮λ޴ʡ
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ïɫֱӻӽ½Ȼ˫΢קŴƹ˽Уŷǰֵߵľӱˣ
еңΧ۵İԼ׷׺Զ롣
ïķӦװġĬB˵һ䡣
ͷٷ˵£ϼҵҲԼĺЦ
ĬBٷ˸еĺ·ݻСҲ˰˲֪ԼУ뿪˵ϸ֮䷢ʲôò˵ԷٶȺܿ졣
оǶӡԥһ˵
ЦȻѾҵսˣӲôһ£ңһϼˡ
Ļ֮ǶӵĿԺܵͣ˭
Ǳ˭ɳһʱ仹벻ˣ˵̫ʦ˼ҾԲ飬Źի𣬰˻ڻ꣬ܳ֡
оⷢٷУʱʲôٷ˶̥˼ҲһǳŹģǳϼȥֻñˡ
ĬB˼һ£ĿҲС
ϼҲʲôöȻԼˣǾͲˡЦһ¡
ߵĴԽԽң
ˣЩ˰ѳһ¡Զļ֧ĬBڵ
ǡӰһиȥֺïѹƣͬʱŷݴϹˣеĻмλˡ
СӣĵҲ£ǲǣصǽ壬ŷŭïŭš
ïҧҵĺûˣǸĬBһûµ֣
ŷüʲôڣ
ïֹѵҪ˵֮ǰȥ۸ֻ֩ûɱˣ˵ڡ
ֹͣΧ۵İΧ۹вһЩˡ
ĬB˳ݶ߹ȥߵķԶһ͹ˣһֱߵ˶ݶ
Ϣһۣ缧ˣ˵ˣٷ뿪˺ȥ԰ӻ˵ߴ࣬ȥ̣֬ҵӣǱûʲôͻظˣ·ϸһЩʶķС˵һ䣬ЩӦûʲô⡣ظ֮͸о̫ٷߵѾ˴Ƕ̥֪֮ԽԽãûס
ĬBĬĬûпЩ鲢˭µ֣صǣٷʲô֪̥Сԭ򵽵ǳԵóԵĶж֮ģǰ߻ǺߣӦϳ
ٷȷʵǳԵʲôСģȷϡ


46 
缧ε¼磺˭֪, Կ϶ٷһǻ˸֮µģֻϧϸǱûǵɱָߣһʱ̽
ĬBһģԭûаߵĵطһΪ޿ײĶǵأϾʱһЩ鱨ҲǺ׬Ǯġ
һϼڳ, Ǽҵ鱨ֵ˼ǮֺαذѱְǱߡ缧ЩȡʲôԭµСֻҪٷ˻, ˣֻҪʬ廹, ̫ҽܼ
ĬBͷʾͬ
ڹ̫ҽҲҴҸϵʹ󣬸ʺһ㱨̫ҽԺҽõ̫ҽˣֱӴֱô͹һȥϸһֱ˰ˡ
˵̫ҽŷ˽, үһһ۾Ͷ˼ˡ
ȥ, ĬB˵缧ȥ
ؼˣǷ׷·ǳͨߵſ, ŷݺïΪ׵û˶ĬB
μ
֮Ҫͷ̫ҽˣ¶С¡ĬB࣬΢΢ͷϿҡ
̫ҽܳϳ֣̿ϳڵ飬ϳʺּٷС飬ξΡ
ͷ
ǰ߳⣬̫ҽŷݹϵã¶Ҳöˡ
ĬBлеף߾Բ⣬ҲӲ˭гûٷҩЩɱǻƿ
֮Ǹ̫ҽ֤ݵʱ򣬲ٷԵĲƷ䷽
̫ҽ󣬿麮ɱï˵ٽԵĶûκ⣬˵ǵСĶϻ֮ʳĶûУǺº͵ʳ̥֪ܰ뿪֮нʳʲôǻظ֮ʲô
ïҧݺݵԵĵû⣿Щֻǰֵֽļ¼ϲ˵ʱûӵʲôأ
̫ҽСԭкܶ࣬ԵɻĶֱˤţԼӲñסҲпܣбŵʲô̱ǵζЩᵼСٽӦ֪¶Ҫ֤ݣտڰǲã˿´Ǳ߾鷳ˣϳ֪ٽɥ֮ʹ£Ҫ֤ݣ侲һ£̫ҽѾȥ˸Ͽˣʱʲôˡ
ï˼ѹеĻ侲ԼĿ֮ȷʵ̫ˡ
ҿʼĵȴ
ŷİĬBһʣ治µ֣
ĬB̲ס°ۣҾҪҲôķȫ˶֪ˣ治ңûϵҲǵĻơ
ԣŷݷˣУͺðˡ
˵⹫ûйڹϢ˳Ϊһ䡣
ŷݿĬĬ˵еϢȷԿ϶īǳŹģ׼ɡ
ʲô׼ɫһ
ŷѹ˵ʱ빫ȥҹ׼˵ôס˵꣬ߵ̫ҽ˵
ĬBüͷ˾壬˼һתı˵ʮӺ߰ɣֵõһЩҩģʺʡ
㴹ס
˺һַ׷Ʈѩںе˲ʱ䣬һֱλ̫ҽٸǷ׷õ
ɰһϹͷĶҪɢˡ̫ҽϷҩǱߡ
ôһ¾ҪҪˣûֱӰ߽ײѾˡŷûһ䡣
̫ҽվȽŲɫõĵɹȥŷϰϵ׳ܸǱأǶع
٣㡭
̫ҽЩεĳԲˣĿ֮»ô˼Ҫ˽ȥͷǴܶû˹ǡ
ʶһ۾ǲˡ
̫ҽΣïʵ
ȺЩɧïϽҲ˹ˡ
̫ҽɫٽϳŲ鿴˵˶̥Сԭ򲢷Ǵӿ룬ǳԵʲôСûж
ïɫһߣŭٴϣĬBǲǣ
ïԡϽ˵һ䡣
ïֱһָŷǼЦ˵ԣ˵ˣ֮ʲôϵ㲻֪
ĶǹǱߵڵİ׵Ļ˵
̫ҽźӵҲգʣ޷еѬ㡣
ǣĸ׸ҵİ㣬صơïӦһ䡣
дЧ
ԣ˼Ҫӣڷ޷ֶ
ٷ˽ݵʱǷѬ㣿
ïŭһѬ㶼ϣò˵Ѭ⣿
̫ҽͷӵд鹦ЧѬһҩЧͻ˷ܼ٣Ще˺ܲѬһζ㣬ζҩ㲻ѧҽҲӦ֪Чҩĺȷʵӵ˿ܵãٴ||ҩжζҩе˶ԼֱǶҩǸѬǵСԭٽϽϳκٻ̫ҽϣǸѬҲѯһϷˡ
ïɴ۾˼飬ӻ˻κ˼˵·˲䱻գǻŭ˵ԼڳģԼĸ׸Ѭ㣬ĪЦͷ̣Ҳܲģ
ӴɰӼۻˡȺб߲ŹżСܹ
ڳĴҶ£߲ǻʵߵĹ¶ʵҲ֪ˡ
ӼҼλˣӼҷ¿ʹŮҽٷ˵С֮£̫Ůҽأµ֪ٽӼȹǷε˵λ˻һͬС̫ҽͰ̫ҽ˵
ĬBǹЦļʱȻï֮ӣûʵ۳µá
Ͻǰ˵л¼ǹңͱ߹ˡ
߲ţӦõģϾҲС£ǡ߾ɢ˰ɣӰ첻ãɺôٽôֲá
ѵǣïؼҡϽһƳïתˣ˵ͷ͸Ƶá
̫ҽͰ̫ҽĬB
ãӼһ߲Ź¶һĨЦ⣬˲ת뿪
ŷݻʿǰΧ۵İǲɢˣԹϳԵʲôҲ֪ˣǰ˵⣬ϼǱԼ⣬ףɢˡ
Ӳ㿪Ӫҵö˶ѯʿǾͿ˰ɣһӿͣû֮ǰôˡ
֪ǰ˵⣬ô˴жеңӰһ޿ɺǡ
Ҳ˵ʲôˣҲʣԼϵġŷݶ»ˡ
ĬBͷĿ뿪
ص˵ǻʺ
Ӧס
ٷСģʺѾ˰ӵĴʩùһɵ̫ҽͰ̫ҽ飬淢ָʲôҲܼʱֽţ߻ʵûʵ˵飬ܵʱĸ̫ҽǷǱߵ̫ҽʱ̫ҽͰ̫ҽҲڲʲô
鲢ĬBģҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
ȻûйϵҲĵˡ
֮ǻ㱨ģȷʵеѬϣѬҩЧһ죬ֻ»ϵĺӿ಻ȶȫˣ˵յѬƽïֵģ˵ҲǿЦˡ
Ҳ龪һĬBظ˶ƣĺܡ
ϲıı¾ˣҪǰڲô죬ĺ¡
ʱʮӹˣɫȵһμ˲١
㡣Ĺɵ
ĬB΢Цôɣġ
˵ģ飬ʮЩϣСĿûпڵ˼ڵлĺĽûǻڡ
ҽ㣬׼ôңĬB¶һĨЦ⣬֪˵ʲôʱƮƮһ䣺


47 
ͻһ仰ʮԼԱߺŵĊǶŵˡ
ʮɫװת˺һ, ŵ˵ĪҪ˵ЦˣҪʲôĽ㾡ܿڣֻҪõ߾ȫ
ĬBЦʲôǴòãֲô
Ҳˣ˵, ҾÿڹеģȻǰΪӲҲʲô飬ڲһ, Ҫҵ
ʮĵĲŷͷʾ
ҹܲܿҪ, ұ˹ҲģҲǿϣҪҪԿ
ҹˣʮӺ⣬ЩΣԾһ²̫
򵥵ģҪҪǱţӵҶᰲźãÿǱߺȺȲ裬˱, Ҫ˴һ, ϵһҲڵʱһ¡
ˣԥĴӦˣ԰
ģ㹤Ǯġ
ʮ̲סЦ, 궨úµġ
֮ĬBͰЩӵϸ˵һ£Щڽе顣
ʮӺţž͸оԾˡ
㣬ǲӵ鶼꣬Ȼȥһʽ㣿ֱӿһ䡣
ĬBûп
ʽγµģʽ㲻һô䣬Բ
һĨǳЦԼзִ磬˲̫ȥҸæ
ʮֹͷû˵ʲô
ڰѸӵ˽֮ĬBҲʮӹӣøƹǶʶһ¡
ʮҲģ֮ÿ춼ҪţСɹǱ߲鿴ŮҪž͸һȥѲӡ
ЩӴĬBӺ⣬ʮӱʹƣҹ˵ĳǱΪθõ츣˵˲һһˣ˽Ҳġ
㣬ǻƵգǲҪ̯ˣԺ￴ѩʱʮӺȻ뵽һ䡣
ĬBͷ
Щĵ˵ԽԽˣֱ̯̯߰Ӷ˲٣̯𣿡
ûǾ͸Щ¡Ȼһ䡣
ʮ£¶Ц⣺˵ء
ߵĵ̯ȻԳΪûп˾ЩԣǴҹ˵ţûǮ׬Ǿ׬
̯Ӫҵµ׵ʱû꿪ҵˣʱЩؼҹĻưæ˺ͻҲӻ̾͹ˣƹ򸾲ϼҹ꣬Ǿȥæ
ĬBİţ˵ֲɱָɱæȻǮ˵㣬ͷЩͨĻưȫˡ
ʮһһ£ǣˡ
̾˿ŤͷѾѩǵԺӣ٣ԪīĹϵԽĶ񻯣ҹϧϢ
Ȼűһ£һ£㯣ôһûӦˣ˼
˵ڹʦؽһ̨רŹ¼ҵ⼸λڣҲǱ߽ܹ˳¼ҵĳħλϯӹĬBҲֵУÿֻæϵ顣
ңôˣĬBһ䣬űûʲôӦҲûλð
ԱߵıɫƽܲûʲôΣգҲûе£豭Ȳʱһӹűðס
ǺⲻðˣһߣĪеϤ
Ŀ£߷ڶʮӣ
ʮҲסԼĺߣһãĿĬB
ĬBеıӣɫӵĿʮӣδйࡣ
ʮӱ񿴵Ľţʣ㣬ôˣ
Ժҹ˹µ⻹öˡ
ʲô
¼ҵӡ
ĿΪ˵Ц
㣬ҵ岻ʺУˡ
ĬBͻȻ뵽ʲôɵЦǰʺУʳ˺ĽЩ츳õڵͬˡ
ʮӷӦЩ޴Ŀ
Ը¼ҵĵǼλڿԽħȤĻԼ룬ԸҲǿԴţűһ޵Ϊ׼ѡʵĵӣʱ¾ô˵ţʲô׼Ҳ֪кʵ˳˹űһзӦ
˼һ£̧ͷصͷѧҲ뱻˵һǴҲѧ㱾¡
ĬB¶Ц⣺УпȥʦǱ߾аʦ񣬵ʱξͿǵİˡ
á
ȻǶûðɼ˿ǲڹűУӦöȥʦˡ
ֻҪĬB߲ΣգǼڹʦ޴¼ҵĳħ
˵õҲҪѧЩħȴΪҶֻ޵ĴȽ̵ޡ
ĬBҲǼүӵ飬ͿλʦˣҪǿ԰ѳħȫѧˣ¼ҵĳħȫԲںѪյӣѳħ
ҪħȥԼֲǵԸֻϣλʦ㡣
ڵڶλŵӳˣֱˣǰʮʤΣĽϴһж˵һжпܡ
¼ҵӵʮӵĴȶĬBҲӷˡ
ϣϴϴ߾˷ҶеˣСҪˣ
ĬBҪӵһ٣ռС
أҴҽȥվǿôͷϣ˿һŵɢĿĹâǿŰɫĵ
Ҷյ˵ɫĵҪˣɫĵûж
ĬBɵק·ɫŵĵȴţҲ֪ʲôλΣǰ˰̬
ȵ貵İ׹ɢ̧ͷȥѵ𣬰ɫĵϳѷ졣
һһСĿǵѷ죬ĬBֻ֪࣬ǵǳױĿͺͺСԴУ߾Ȼֻ
һշûëССͺͺģƤеɫ
һŵֻ֪ʲô񡭡
ĬBһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôһֱڴźè֮ëֺޣӦ
ֻСС˿ۿҪˣҶǰСĽĬBĻС
ԭŵСһĻжʱ
ͻȻһˣĬBŵʵôˣ𣿡
ȷҶشֻС̴һ£ŷġ
˵ʲô౵ӥ𣿿ɿͺ̫񡣡̵ǺɫģҲǺģϡеļëҲǻҺɫоԺ󳤳ëҲǺɫ
ôģڼ


48 
Ķʱĸо, ̫΢ˡ
Ҷϸ˳˵СˣϢ޼𣬵ǷҶֻɫķˣëûҲпǱˣϾС˺͹Ѫ, ļʺܸߡ
ɫˣ
ǷˣĬBûԽܡ
С𣿡̽Եһ䡣
һͼСԴͷ˺ü¡
ˣʲôƷֵСʵˡ
ҪôĬBʱ
ҶЦǺǵ˵ι, ιãȵ˾ͻ, ˫̥أҲ֪һŵǲҲ˫̥ɵڴ
ĬBĪЩΣôĺû
һص㣬صǷĺòãɹˣص㣬ںϷĺӲ
Ҳ֪кŮᱧұߵ֣ժ˼, մս, ౽ţȿֺ˹һһر𻶣ССһûˡ
ĬBڶʱֹ˶, Сɱ
ĬBԱߵʯͷϣ̷Լϣ÷ҶժһŽһιǰʮţǵСӶֹͣʳ˼Աһ̱˯ˡ
˵ģͺͺĬBİԼֻܽˣֻĵһ鰲οԼ˭ճǸأͺá
ǿźɫĵʲôʱܷŤͷԶϵǿźڵʷҶ
ҶӦÿˣʳıȽ٣֮ǰɫĵʳ٣켸ͷˡ
Ҳ֪ǿŵʲô̾˿֮ǰŵһԵģӦҲǷ˰ɡ
׵ڷˣڵ׷ˣ
÷ҶһЩϸݣ˿˼ȦһСѣĬBС˴ռ䡣
װС˵Ѹշߣ¾ݾð˳ֻ˯ĺСһ˼һ˵ӲŲزۣȹڣȵûεʱע㣬ȵαó˻ûʲôˡ
ĬBͷʣڣкɫ𣿡
¾ݣţкɫˣ˵ɫˣ̵ķ˶У鵰ǰӦþǺڷˣǷྭ˺ڷˣҲС
ǰЩڹʦ˲鼮˽ˡˣڷڷǵλȽϸߵģŲ˵һҲŸڶܲ
ĬBĬĬ¾ݵķӦڣڣһŵзģһŵ˫̥
¾ݵɴ۾˼Ŀĵͷ
˿Ǵͬ壬ͷεʱŪһһŮɡֱôһ䡣
ĬBǰҲĴ㣬ŵһһŮкӿԼ̳¼ҵĳħǲ֪ǱεʱܸܲԤһŮô죿
ǾֻܰϣһŵϣŮҲѧϰħͬӵ¼ҵѪСǵûȣŮӣǱѧħ¾̬ȺǿӲ
Сǿӵ¼ѪĻϻ壬ޣҲӵѪܶǶԶǶ⡣
аɡĬBӦģʽ·ܲףιҲúܽҪҪѧϰħԺ飬ֻƽƽ
СȻɲǻǿԲΡΡվҲ°ҹܣĬBñҹѾͷһ˯
ҹ˯룬ߴ౵ĽϻůůС˹ĬBûһĹȥӦǺǣ˯˼֡
ôˣ𣿡˯Ŀʵ
СԴ˼¡
ĬBǱУӲֿһǳԣ˳㻹һ̵ˮ
Ҳ֪ҪҪԣԾͳԣԾͷң˯ˣٺңԱ˾Լ˯Ҫܡ˵굹ͷ˯
СһһƺڻӦ
ΪСһ˯ĬBҲԼɵ˼֣ôֵ˯ŲҶڶŤͷԱߵѣȴֳ˼ȫûǵӰŵ͵
ͿϷԱߣ£С֮ǰ˯ϡ
ౡЩίͰ͵վӿ
ĬBʶ۾һҹ֮ͷˣڱĸȭͷСëҲһЩ
౵Ľе𣿡ͻȻôһ䡣
һֻС졮ϡ˼ûסһЦ˳ôɤϣĪûơ
׵ģо౱ϺˣŮҪ㡣һ硣
ֻС˿ĵ౽˵УŻڵĺǣĬBƺʲô
ӦöŮӰɣղ˵ʱСûз
ĬB𴲰Լʰú󣬰СǷϣóǳԣ֮ЩϧİŷεѴˣúõһѳεĵطҲҺУȻڴϵڶԻ
ò˵޾ޣʮ㣬¡
ǣһ£治¼ҵĺӣ
Ϊ̯Ҫ̯ˣͷѩƮƮ䣬ĬBС߶ţ²䣬оǻᶳͷŽռС
ɱָƼʮɱ֣ʮڰ˰æʣµʮĸΪһԪиֵ̯ʮ̯λҲҪֵռˡ
컹ĬBͳţճžͿһȴţ£ʮӴˡ
ôô磿⡣
ʮЩ˼˵˯žˣղҪ̯źͽһȥ
ĬBЩݣ²˯ž͹ˣҪ̯˯ž͹ˣʹ˵ʱ·̡
⺢ӡ
߰ɣ㿴ȻԺóԵĶ֣ʮһϡ
ȵҹ˽ˣסǱ߶ԡ·ϣĬB˵һ䡣
ʮӹɵӦ
춼û͹ҲǱܻһЩûн빫ڸȴţЩĵ׶֪
ʱĬBû̫ע⣬ҲֻǿСܵһעĵطעţԽ֡
һϣǾһ̯λ˿侲Ľֻмӿţ̯Ҳָļҿš
ɱѾѵѩãſ̯ǰ׼̯λɱһֲ£ݳһĿڣǳĬB׼ʳġ
ˣһ㳢ЩóԵġĬBŹǷкʮеĵϣ߰ڷʡ
ܿ죬׼öĶʮһľ档
̯λǷţиֿζ״ķţ󣬶ԴΪߵ϶廨ţ⻹߲
̯λҪΪȻǴѹ׼ۣҰѴһȳ԰ɣĬBЦȿˡ
ʮӵͷʲ˼飬ҲƷЩš
û뵽׿ĳʳЩʳĴζôáЩʵĶ־ϲĵĲˡ
ĬBһɪóԵأټϰǱߵ㣬һ²
ǣ
޵Ļ泩
ĬBҲñǼһ˳ˣһ˳ȥ̯λٶԳһ¡
Щ̯λ⣬緹šӡ桢ǳӡӵȵȣʮ̯λġ
ǳΪʳ̯ʱ΢㣬ǰ̯Ӷ֮ǳӵ̯λ˳˼ȥ˰Ϣ
Щɱѵʱղнⷬɾ͵ġ
ǰѹְۣ˱˼СǰڲС˳ǰԲˣ߽ǰȫûȣĿ˶ûаλҲƽʱһ롣
Ҳסø͸ǾͶЪЪ˶Ͷææ
㣬ʳΪû⣬ʳΪ᲻̫˵㣿ʮӰ뵽鿪һ䡣
ᰡҿռ仹˼ѼţЩӦùˣŶԣкʣӦÿԳˣǰʳؼۣЩʳ۸һ㣬һ£Ͼߵ⻹ǺܶࡣĬB˵һŰõӶţŴڣȺóˡ
ʮӾ亹ֱðһռ߲ҩ࣬ôһռף̫ˣ
㣬̲ס˵Ѿ֪ڼĿˣĲС
ĬBЦ
˵ЩҪôģѼͶ쵰̫ˣѼõĲ٣Ƕ쵰ôԡἰ
С˳ѾЩӿ˹࣬Ѽ쵰ÿʮѾܲˣòԪǵİնôԶ쵰쵰ôӪ
ʮӣԪǵ˲죬Ԫм쵰ҶԶ쵰̫ϲƽＦѼԵĶ࣬ЩҲĶࡣ
ĬBü˼˺һᣬЩ˵оһ¶ôóԣӪḻ
ʮӾţԶûа뷨ֳֻܱĬ
һûڣҪЩѼɡ뵽İˡ
ʮЩãȻ
ĬBϸ˵ЩΪѼҲʳʲôѼն׬Ǯ
Ȼǵ˵ǵĺóԣʳм۸ߣͨϰտܳԲ𣬸˼ޡ
ĬBɷϣӲһҹܣЦһһЩƻ
ʱ򿴰ɣҲˡ
á
Ҳû˵ʲô԰ӳԡ
ȻŵŽɫصĴյĬBߵ˵Ϣ˵ѱ䡣


49 
ĬBһ, ǿŰһӵϣ㵵Ŀ
ѱ䣿
ôܣ
ɵЦ˳ȴǱޱȡ
ϸ˵һɧյڿһ˵Ⱥˣ١
ĬBɫһ, æ˵رӣôұ缧, ǵ˷ɢЩӣҲϣҵĻǳ¡
õġ缧Ӧȥš
˽, ԶİȻڵﱣҾǿֻŵľһ𣬴ӴĺӰʱɽѪŴϣǳң
ĬBվڶ¥ĴڿߣĿ֮ҴܲкյȺܶ࣬Ϊ͡
ľӷ׷׹, ԭֵĽֵ˲Ѫɺ, ЩڽߵİնɱˣЩûйеˣֵֻϵˡ
֮лһЩźɫˣȵΪɱָ, ڿؿûɱָı־ǲɱֻ֣Щּ䶾ר֡
һʿѪĬB
ˣīİɱӣŹƽĳǣʿվڽͷŶ¥ĬB˵
ԣɫɷס
ǱûϢĬB͵ת
ҡҡͷûϢܿûκλӦԿ϶ǻš
ʧ״̬Ѿܾˣ˵ǴҹϧǱߣǲľĳԱҲ΢ҲֻҰοǺæǴڵλò̫ʺ硣
ΪʦǱ߶ʯմȾЩʼϢʯͷһ˭ˣʯͷͻ޻£ҹϧʯ޶ýһ㣬иʯзӦĿǰΪֹ޲û֪ͨʾҹϧǺõġ
ûаģǰ˵ҹϧīѱ䣬ЩɱŹŰɱаգûѱѾ˵ˡ
ĬBкܰգڸôҪĶзУǵģƶŪһʲôˡ
˾ҶߵȺһŪԳԡڵ
Ӧ̹ҶӰ±ߵĽֵϣûܶǷ˿Ѹץ˹ɣռιСˡ
ڷҶЩʱĬBתеļˣࡣ
ʮӣ԰ұ𣿡ɫŵʮһ䡣
ʲôЩãȻ
Ӧò˵û˵ʲôתű˵ұ뿪ȥҹǲҡ
ɫûзԣ㿪˵ݳǵӣȥҹͬĵͷ
ǡʮˣڽյĬBĿѿеĻѹˣ˵֪ܲ䣬̶ֵӶߣиʲôҲӦһ¡
ĬBҲԣóһӽȻƹҹˣĸӿռӵʹȨҲñ硣
ƹӽ䣬һ߲˶һ㣬ԼŰ죬ҪʲôԸдţҲ㣬͸һѲӸø
ýأݵĺױ֣ʱ۾֮ʮӲ˵
ĬBǾװӣû취ûʺһ£治Ȼ֪ܳȥҹˡ
ԥҲ˵ʲôˡ
ŰоаţȽİ·һױһ׼׵
ĩ֮ظ͵¥Ͻ
ĬBһ㶣ߵߣϽһ֧ӰΧˣǼеڡ
ϽīİɱѾǱԪǣֳֹƽ룬ʱ䲻鵽λд飬µİΣĩظ
ɫ£˵֪ˣ˵˴
ʮ˵ʵʽѱ䶨ҽѽߡ
ĬBɷϣҲҲҹϧˣҵôǸϽظɣϵ
ǣСġðǵİ¥
ھҶߵʱϵʧˣһϢǸðĬBİϣڸϢЩпԿϢֱ棬зҶϢҪǼٵеúܸˡ
Ͻǰǰߣŷ˹ˣĬBʮӸŷ뿪ڳУаɱӻţžʹӣ汻ϻΣգҲҪ뿪ʮӸŷ뿪ȫġ
СģҺͻֻĸæҲʽ顣ʮӿĬBɫϿң컹û˵ʲô¥ſڵȺŷ뿪ˡ
ĬB˿ڵϣ¸Լᷢ÷򵥵һβϵĶҲǴñӵαװ
һȽͨŮװɴȫ߸֮ǰķ
Ȼ缧
ȻҪܳȥΪԼС룬ЩɱȻôţڹǱߵˣԵޣԷһͲˣҲֻЩɱְæ鴾ҹϧ䣬ԪôҪһң
ȵߵ΢õ㣬ĬBߵڵİУ򿪴ľ֮ǰӣһӰԶľˣӰһͽУҲٵĺˡ
кηԸľ㹰ʵ
ĬB켶ؼɱְ׼ʮھԪĳңð̶ӡҵ鴾ҹϧ䣬ľĳԱ䶼Ҫ˵һƱиҩǮ
ľϸͳ˼۸񣬵ͷĿǰٿ԰ŵɱ켶Ӧ߰˸ʣµĵؼ˵Ҿܵİ˶ϣЩȼɱֲǷҪƼɱֶϣ
ԡ
õģȥš
ĬB뵽ʲôʣܽ輸ֻ𣿡
ľ£˵缧Ǳв٣ٶȶܿ죬Կٰķޡ
ûˡûҪֻҪܷɾͳɡȥŰɣ缧Ҫˡ
ļ̌ת뿪
жзޣǵ鲻ϵãٻ̫ˣڴҪȥס
˺һ缧ˡ
͵طӦ˵缧ûð䡣
ĬBһ㶡
缧һЦŰ·ЩݵİˣûңѰ˼ǰҸˣҵһ¸Ż˸͵͵ġ
ĬBǹЦɱ֣Ӧܿ졣
ˣûʲô취Կ뿪Ԫǣ
缧ڳѾرգãȥҲûа취ǴİñȽ鷳
ŻͷųԵϢ缧ĬBüǮ⣬Ұˡ
ϡ缧ЦӯӯӦǴһֻܴˣǵ÷ֿ͡
Ͻġ
Ϊ֣ܶģ˫ġ
ĶԴͷΪʹһξûУҴ͵㲢ûкȷλãڴ͵һΧʲôط˭֪ںﶼпܡ
˫ָطôֻҪпĵ߿ʱòôȽϺķѣ˫û͹ϸҲ̫֪һ׶һдʹơ
缧󣬱ñһ⵽ǿҷԣֻñĬBУһ
һ³һȽƫƧĻɽһϺ²鿴һ£û缧ٻޣֻɫĴӥ֮ǰĬBһֻӥ缧һ
Σ缧ܹˣ򲻸ҰĬB缧һڲڹУô˫۾ţߵвĬBǸûԼӽ
ǹӶЩɱֲ٣ģĪҪȵΣӲҪ缧һ𡣡·ϣͷ˵һ䡣
ĬBͷ֪ģҲҪ̫裬ɱָ׳زְҵػеġ
ǡӦеʣϱ߷ӿɳԵ
á·ǿڵʵʵĬBҲǺ䣬Щñй΢еֺܵס
ĶִĶҪңѾںˣôõСֲҲǰ׳Եġ
һ·㶼СĵĻʱչֵЩ磬ֻӥѸǰǣԪܱ߱ȺƵĳоġ
ûƵĳѾǿѱϳĬBֻǰЩѾƳ˻ĳǵĳǾ
ġ
֮ǰЩȺרسǵľ֣һ𣬰ɱһЩʣµĶ뿪ƻ룬˲Ϊĳǡ
˵ģҲһʱϵǵʱѾϣľ㰲ŵɱѾװ̶ͨţһõķϢ
߽ӣϢȵŮŮĬBû˵ʲôֱߵԶȡůһĴҲǹܵġ
ҾбҪŪ˵һ䡣
ȺɱΪ׵Ůɱֿ˵Сģ׼׵Ҳǵѩǰ׼ƥǷ̤նУ·;Ǿ߿·
ĬB£ӦܺãϴϢҪ뿪
ǡ
ŵĵطǰòǸ¥ҹˣ¥Ҳ˼˶һ¥ΧżϢ
²ĬBֱԴգֺһЩԵģò޼¡
һûҵ˾ȶˡڻһ޿
λҲ̫ˣ֪׼һ缧Ʈһ䣬Щ̡
ĬBüôϻ
缧ΪȻǣūҶˡ
ٻֻƤëʵ飬һˮƤеݸĬBԥ˵ĳԲҸطС㰲ˣǱȥҡ
ܼĵҡҡͷҵȲˣû£ϰˡ˵óŻԵֳ˼СֲΣȺû֮ǰô䡣
ˮűϵɱǣǲǿǽžΧȴ
Ƕͬ֯ģһ𣿡һ䣬һʱ˯ˡ
缧Цŷʣʲô˭ɱࣿ
ĬB⺢һ㶼ʺྡ
ԱǸֵŮɱֿӦܶɱִһ񣬿еʱϢЩϲȾƵĻȼæûô档ĬB̬Ȼͣ˵Ҳõ㡣
ǻɱ𣿡䲻һ䣬е죬ɱ̧Щ¡


50 
ĬB΢΢һЦͷе, Ҫǻɱܲܰɱֻ·ǿԳԣȻǸһˣұǳֻҪǰұãʲô˵
Ҷʱ˳˼
缧ӦĨӷѪɣ
֣ѵȴٿƶǣ
ǵĻĬB̲ס, ûɱɱ֡
мɱֻᣬͰǣ˳ļѼ, ţɱ˼ͷЩ󶼳, ˼СҲ˼̥̣ɱֻȫû⡣
С£ѹ󡣡ָ̾һ䡣
ĬBЦЩĻ̫ˣûӦ𣬵Щɱְɱ, ֮һæ, ⡣
ͼŮɱֺԾһæǻᣬӾеһѾǱ, ⣬˲ӡ
ĬBæģֻ֣ڲݶϢ
ļ´ҹϧǸĸӿռ䣬ߵĶһ㣬óСӺͱīдţ򵥵˵һīİɱӴȺùԪŰɱ˵͵ܳˡ
ŷĸӿռһͲˣǷֻˣĬBǷŵر仯ĶҹϧˣûлţŻĻдǷš
ЩʧİǷ˳Ȼī͸һ㶣Ŵ򿪣֮ǰǰī˲ġ
Ȼдݵ·µݣīδɣȾ˲٣Ŀʲô֣
һ˲ˣҹϧڹУ
ûǴٽīɣĬĬż㿪һ䡣
Ӧīٹ紦һĵУﲻĵʱƣʧʱͦаģѾܾûдϢˡ
˵̧ĬBĿԣӵĶһ£ʲô˼ˡ
䴫ŹκԸĴۺܴС㣬ǲѲҹԸܲҵ˵ͷӣ˳˵
ⷬ˵ôΪĬBἰǴ⡣
ĬBûпƳȺɱ֡
֣ǻᾡѰˡ
ǵ·ɣ·Ҫǳһ£һ鱨˵
áֵͷ
·Ҫǿī˶ɱˡ
ǡ
˯ͷĬBҲӣڲݶһλ˯
˯һѾζɫ磬缧ǼæڻϿˣһ߰Ҳʼ׼ҵ㡣
ĬBѳԵ·ܳԣ⻹ܸҹϧ
ȵ⿾ãѾˣÿ˶һ⣬ʮӣмʣµⶼĬBڵĸӿռУڷʱֿռֽЩϲó
ֻֽȼ䣺ɭͨڣͻƿǱߣЩˣС¡
ĬB˿ⷬпԿ϶ҹϧʱûʲôΣգǱڹˣĴٿֻҪλǧڹӽнף˺㡣
ɭͨڣ˵ͨˣ֮ǰҹϧںɭָֹܾǸʱСĽ˹Ǳ߿϶д֮Ķ
˹ֻܴⲿͻƣȻҹϧȥɭ֣ȥĵǱӦý벻˹
ĵغͺɭֵķȫ෴ģǵøı·ˡ
ţĸӿռʧЩȰҲʧˣοĿаӽԼ͡
Աװ
ıһ·ߣȥɭ֡ŵʱĬB˵һ䡣
ɫû̫仯Ӧá
Ҫȥֻܻ;ˣϵɽ»ֻҪҪȥҲš
Ⱥܴǰ벿װģǳˣÿƥţܵȫû⡣
ĬBͱ㡢ڵڶУǰĬBЩװһЩײ˲׶߲˶˵㣬װŻ￴Ų̶ӡ
缧ûиڵڶУǸ߸
пɱϷůˣȻеĬBˡ
뵽֮ǰҶڿռչһЩľ̿һ迪ʼ̿̿ͷųů
Ҳ֪ҹϧ費Ҫ˵ĸӿռУȥʱЩľ̿ˡ
ڵλõɭҪ죿һ䡣
Щٶȣֻڰ·ϢĻҪ£ѩƴ·߿ֵö໨ʱա
شĬBüͷ壬ʱ̫ˡ
ǾֱӸǱߣ;ܲͲˡ
ţ缧ǻᰲţԸ·Ϊ˼缧˵ˣٶӿһЩ
ĬB֪ʱ̤նУŵĻѩٷɱ
̶ӵ˶Ŀжɺɭ־̫Զˣֱֻܷɭ֣ԸΥһ·ȥðҪɱģЩǾ㲻ͣǳʳΧĬBֻͣǷʳ
캮ضҲǲֻ̣һһɱӼһʼոҹϧϵ򵥵ϤּںзǰеĶ
ʮҲϵţԪûʲô⣬Աɱرأ빫еԶʮӹ˼ʱ϶Ϣ뿪ڼԪзһ
Ϯ֮Ǳɾл˲īİɱӣĻ̻̣ٽأǹһˡ
ӻڼȻ֮ǰ̯Ǳջ˲ٿҲǻ׬ˣϾҪ꣬ĬBʮӴһ˼ϵһ㣬ʲô˵
ѩ·ǰ·ϾܵҵطҹҲϢȻԲµĸ·Ѿ߾ˡ
ɭ־ڴԪ͹ཻλãڵһأµ˶Ӵ̹ǡ
ԽԽɭ֣ĬB¶ȸӵͣ·Ѿӵޣʣµֻܿһִ󲹵ĶʹԣЩ첹ö࣬ҲӦߵĺ䣬Ѿû֮ǰôˣ쬵ʱӡ
һ·ɱõĬBιСˣʮ첻СѾëں͸ͷҲ˲١
ëˣӦò䣬ĬBҲʵİǷųǺܹԣûԼ׵ܳ
СһһҵĶԼߣůĸоο
ҸҹϧѪܸܲӦλãԴ̽Եһ䡣
СԴͷ
ϲǻͷ˺ɭ־ͿǴ·ˡ
СһһӦСڳ󣬽ҲһЩ仯ϱ仯ȥ
һţܴŵвˣ˺ƫǵһϢ
ССĲ񷿱ʮ䲻ӵҲˣɱҹǴ˾
߲ͬĵطٽ߾ʱפߵľӣѾפƤӵȥ뺮ɭ֡
뿪Ԫ̫ãҲ֪ڱ߾ľһ֧ǷǡϵĬB鷳ˡ
ĬBҹϧ֮ͨ󣬳˵㶫˯ˣûе̫࣬װһ£ĹӸҲûⰡ
˯һ뱻Ҷѣռ仹ûӭɫĶֱ˹ûסӱ˵ڵϣˤͷۻ
ˣҶŵĴչ鿴
ĬBˣҶԱߣ˵ʲôǵûзռУһֱڹĺԺ
˫Сֱ۽ĲӣСֱĲ䣬źӽӲ˼Ȼˡ
ŻСϰ°벿βͣβϸСƬͨ͸ѩס


51 
ĬBڿСݺ, Ī˿ЩҲЦԲĹʮСƤϸ壬׷磬Ůӡ
ŵ, ˫̥ĸӣôȻȫŮӣ
ǡ첻¼ж, ǿԳˡ
ʲôвŮĳħͷŮǴŰĹأ
ӳһģһ, գˮӻϲĿ
ĬB̲סǵԴЩε˵ǰ׵ڵģڵ׵ģͷҵٸһȡְɡ
ûиҹϧἰӵ飬ͷĸӿһܾţ뵽ʱķӦ;úЦ
СŤβ͹ɵŲĬBվ
ˣС˻𣬸ղŰѷҶ˿ˡĬBûˤ, Ҷڡ״
𾪣˿ˣ˿񼶵ġ
Ҷε̯̯ȣ洿Ⱥܸ, ҲȽϲ̫ƣС˻ס
ȵģֲᡣ
ĬBʶĿԭ޴Ŀ˿ֻʣһ, ϱ߿֦վ»һЩûվ˿Ҳ̶á
ٿű߸߶ֱϥǵߣһµװɰ·Щ˷ָ鲻Ǹɵġ
εЦЦӿǺʣôĻҿ
Ǻܹɵ³ͷ۵ͷȻȼһС磬
ĬBɫЩأ˵֮ǰǶǺڷܽܣʲô֣
żأ
Īۣоַʲô˲õĶҹϧѺӶһġ
ҪȥҹǹԹԵģڿռв֪ܵ𣬲ЩũˣӶ˿ȥժԣ÷ҶȥժҲԣ۸Ҷ̧ǵСԴ˵˵˵̲סཱུСָмѡ
Сһˣɵĵͷ
ֶ˼ĬB뿪ռ䣬ٻڣߵɡ
Ϊ¾ݣû뵽ðɴŰ壬£˵£β棬𣿡
ź룬ЩĿĶģ
ҵĵġ
һ飬˵ͨ
Ȼأ
֪ˣЩĻǱƷ֣ڤͷڤͨǺʲôֲ֣ͬɵȻ˵
˵ںܾ֮ǰϷҲβ̻̹֮ȷΪ̹⡣
ĬBȡĺ㡣
Ƴһ˵ǺĿͨǺʺѧϰ¼ҵĳħкŮ
һ٣¶һĨЦ⣬ڴĻشڻ˵ŵ˫̥ĸӡŮӡ
е¶˲̣ɫ˦˹űҡ
첻¼ң
ĬB
ô죬ҲˣѲ鵰ӣһһһ˫̥أȻŮӣǼǶ齨һ֧ˣ
δĳһָһȺι״С˵ҵĺӡ
Īᣬ̫ˡ
ĬBҲûнռȥȷϺǵʲô֣ߵС˵ǳˣǼӦòܰɡ
ֻСһûжӦǶ޸У
ʵﻹǺܵģϾʹҹϧѪʣǸֵ
ȻǰŴоҲƲ磬ǶСѾ¶âˣȣʵĻġ
СʱûֵƤҵĵطƤӵ±Ƚϰ֡
ѰҴҹϧףкûôѣǿͨѪĸӦҴҹϧλãǼϹҿٶˡ
ߣһС׼Ҫ˯ʱ߿صɱֽ㱨ˡ
С㣬˼ˣīԪ˶С
ĬBɫһ䣬æʵԪ˭
ӡ
˫ֲɵսȭͷص㣬Ԫ˲ص㡣
Һúϣī͹ļϸҴԪڣҪڳˣһЩŵ
ĬBһۣһԲۣ
ϤĲϤǰ˻ӻ˭ǻػôˣ
죬ϽݣЩҵ˵æóռ֬ˮЩĻױƷֱԼк
򵥵Ļױһ䣬ȫЩŮɱֿһһ㶵ġ
ɵţĬBæŶͿĨֻҪ΢סϢһ㲻ϳ¶֣ϢһͷŰ˻ӾϳǱ㡣
ʰ֮ĬBСͽռУδ֪úðա
һ׼ãţվſڿԺ߶ľӡ
ܲ˴ǳû룬פߵľӦǶǱߵˣǴפǳûɭ֡ĬBߵļ˵
缧ʶһͷɱȥī͹еˡ
㿴صĬB˵С㣬԰˻ΪһС֧ӣĿˣҪִùʱû
ĬBʶ촽ǹЦ˻ӵļϸץ˵פ˻᲻Ԯ
йâһͷȻ
ҪǼԲֻ֣ܳͷЩɱˡ
ܿȥ˵ɱֻˡ
С㣬פڿīʱûзټȷˣǵ̫ӵ¹عͶǸڵС
ĬB˼һ˵Ӻī֮һйᣬĿǹ̫ӣȻǾ˳ˮۣðһǸ̫ӰѰ˻ӸץˣȥǸ̫Ӵһܡ
ǣȥ졣ȥڣҲݳǸعȥж
ǵλñȽƫƧ˻ҪһѲҲҪʱ䣬ʱ㹻жˡ
ðع̫ӵɱѾܵʱŪ˶˻Ǻʶ׷ȥˣɱְ󷽵С
ͬʱѸĹع˹Էһľ衣
ǵʲôˣĿɨһȦĬBϣóȺ˵ӡ
ĬBЩĿǰʮ̫꣬еᰡ
Rץʲôûлش⣬ֱӿʵ
ع´һʱȷǰŮ˵ݣȺϢͨˣ
ʲô
ûʲôҸǸһеڣ֮ҲйڵĻҾǿͳһһսߡ
Ŵż˼˼룬ͷͬˣ԰
ĬBٶһ䣬˵īһˣ𣿡
ָָ̧ڵ˵ī̫ӵ£ǸRҪŪҡ
ĬB˫΢УعָķұߵӣղŲλߵӡ
ҸղſˣðҰѴRˣȻйڣظǸھ׹ϵòȥڸڣҲ֪ƵطҪҪ͵һ£ع˫üǻЦ
ĬB¶΢Ц̫ӵа취ء
عʼ磺Ȼ֪ҵݣ֮ҲжԵĹϵǾ͸ȡ裬иǾ͸ܡ
ţ졣
ȻǵжԵĹϵǺܴĿܿԳΪѡ԰˻Щǵͬġ
عϢǽǣ̧һֻںСӳģСӿǽ壬ȵ׼ˣյĬBߣһֻСš
ϸ΢ӺƮ˳󣬵
ǶӴھ׺һ˵Ӧþī̫ӵ巡
õУԶվھšüԵúܲãʣҹϧ䲻˻ˣ


52 
һ˵Ըǻ, ҲûвҪǿŮҲϲˣϲŮɫôĵŮݣֻɱ
Ҳ֪䣿ھɫ
֪˶٣ֿڣȻֹĵط, ںɭоǽ˹ڣӦҲˣȻҲ׷ǸС̫Ӳš
ھײɷϡ
巣Ŀǰ̬Ⱥ, ҹϧڲڹڻ治˵ֻҾӲ, ûص˵Ԫأ֮ˣǷ̺ŨŨ
뵱ôϲǸŮˣܾҲͰˣ˵ϲŮɫǶ裡
ΪǿʲµⱲӶŹ, һҪץס, ĥҪĽű߹ģҪڵľܾ
Ŀǰҹϧٳ, ȻֵλߣֻѰңɭֻǹһʲôȻ伣
ҹϧϣھ׺Ȼһ䣬ޱĿܻɡ
Ц飬ͨسǵ˵ǹˣΣε飬ҹϧ䲻㹻ùŷˣѵ˵лл
ھתԱߣᶯ³һǳĻȡĽװˡ
УǾͼɣȰǸС̫ҵ˵ҲùһˡĶ»ſڡ
ǵĶԻֻСӴǽɻ˹عеĺС
ҿԱ֤ҹϧûнԪīսûɽعε˵ҸоǣˣǸ޹ߡ
ȻΪھ׺ץҹϧ䣬Ǹⴾҹϧ䡣
ĬBͷʾͬ
ʣɭʲô𣿡
عƲƲǸطˣǹ˶룬ܶ˶н޳󰵲غܶ࣬߼ΣգҲΧ΢ȫ㣬֮ǰǹԪսںɭֵΧ֡
ɭôڵģ
֪ܾúܾ֮ǰˣ˵ˣǰ߶ȵɳĮߵİվͽһƬ֣ǺɭˣΪϿոɭֵһƣʶơ
ĬBǺһͷС
ɲǣǹżҵҲ벻ǵ߽ҹ㶼֪ӹԪ뾭ɭ֣һˬһҲˣļֱҪع²ۣĲҪҪġ
ĬBЩۣ̫Ӻܲһĵ˵㻹ֻһ
ЩҲǹйܣЩ˶֪
һ̫ܳʲôתƻ⣬ʵ
Ԫīϵţ̫ðҲʱ򰡣˵䲻Ļ˻ӵɼϸ׷ɱҲǻá
عεЦЦŴҹϧ˼ʳ꣬ζܰҾһ¡
ĬBһͷߣ
ȻأǴǹɲ͡عһȻ
ϣǳԻԵ̫ӡ
عĻˣΪ˳ԵԪ̫ã뾳ͱˡ
ϸһ£ĬB¶Ц⣬ҲԵְ͵ġ
ΣҸ̧һŻԱС
عĿſ
ĬBҹ˵ĻԱۿֻҪҹµЩֻۼɣҰۿǱȽĻԱʱֻҪʾſԻ㰲λóԷ˵ֻҪſȫҹ˵Щгͨ裬ߵĴ
ԣعʱĶ׵ߣе˵׽ף˵ֻҪֻҪѹʲôܴӦ㡣
ĬBİѻԱݸһѽӹֵĿš
ĶӦòѣ뺮ɭ֡
عϵЦһ٣ӵĿʣȥǱʲô
İ֮ڵϦλ˵ɭֿҵ˵İ취һѹ
Աߵˣ
عƲƲɭȷʵвҩݣòժЩϻţҵҪҩݣܲ뿪Ǹ⡣
Ϊȥɭȥҩģͷȥҩ˲ʱΪԼ֪Σնȥһ
ĬBԼϵ˿˵ȻҸȻȫ֮ߡ
عԥһ˵УҴǹȥֻܴǵΧҿɲȥ
¶Ц⣺ԡ
ҹ˵ĻԱۿָôõģعĵһ䣬̽
ĬBɫĵĻصǵˣó齱鵽ģѰۿѾóĳˣҪϲǻһţһۿ۵ĻԱ̫ӣȱǮ
ֹÿعæѻԱԼĻУĺ˺ü˵ҾҵģǵĽѾʼˣڡ
۵һĻЦУڡ
ɭδ֪бʿ·˳ܶ࣬ҪСӶܵĵκϤ߶Ӻī̫Ӷڣаһ٣뿿ɭֲ¡
ĬBҲ̽һ̫̽ӵĵףȻĿǰǵˣǾѺõ㣬ʵˢøжȲǻ£˭֪Ժ᲻ټء
ȵڵĴھ׺뿪󣬹عͼɱֳȥ˿ȷǱǸٹع뿪ӡ
ͷһƬĬB壬ֻÿϢеϢ
СĵǰںڰУɱܱŻĬB߾һ·ûˣһֱߵ߷ףſɭ֡
ɭѾԿˣɭͶĺѰնȾףǰٹȥǴԪķߣʿţвٻ
Ƕһɽ߿ĬBĵʹعѵûпرĵطȥѵ붯֣
عڣ͵ŤͷȥͬʱĬBûӦ˰˻ӵ
ѽ̫ӵܵܲҪܰĸһٺңΪҸðһҾϵˣ
ĬBһǸɱѾˡ
ô·ˣҪսپֱȥ˵
ҶĬˡ
ǸھأǸʲô巣ʵһֱиɻǲǡһȰع˱ĳôһ䡣

RȻҲһ£һ˵˵ʲô
عһ޹˵֮ǰǲǸһ𲻺˼ܵ˵
ұ죡RЩŭֱһҹعǰֱ̧һӿЩڰ·Ϩˡ
ĬBӱ͵͵̽ԴţǼǸԲۣǸС̫ӾȻǱϵССˡ
ڿǹеʱҲܵһ£Ӻī̫Ӳڣֻа˻Ϊ׵һȺˣˣðˡ


53 
˻, ɱˣֱ߽ɭ֣Ҷ·ĬBֱ´
ǣ缧ǶֳȥˣعͰ˻ӶţĬB߱
ߵĶÿر߾ʿע, Ѿм˴鿴ǻû̹, ˵أﱻɡ
Ҷѱ߾Щʿȫ, Լһ˿ѱһߣ˳Ѱ˻ҲˣٶȷɿĿɭ֡
ɱһͷ亹æѰ˻ӵ˽Ͽ׷
ɭֱ磬Ļľһź⾧Ө͸еĺ
뺮ɭַҶٶȣһСĿ, һߵȴߵ׷
ĬBϳ, ˿һںߵĴRŭĺ֣ﶼе
ĬBŤͷĿһ˵ʲôУҶûü
㲻Ǳڹ, Ϊʲôߣҧʡ
һĿ׳ա
ػߣܳ
Rᣬ粵ˣҲ͵ܳġ
Ұֵ㣬ȻֱӰ㶪ȥιһ䲻Ҷ˿ҲѲˡ
һعɱǸϵˡ
ȥˣǱ󣬵ʱȥͲ֪ˡعŻŹ˷ҶǰӴĶ۴֩ĪЩѹѹ˼ôҪɭ֣ôڡ
Ҷͣ˽Ų
С㣬ȷҪһ缧˿һĴRһ䡣
ĬBƳһۣ
˳ץһ٣ͷǶˣþûƤˣʹ˿УҪǡƤʹֲºۼ֣
缧ĵһЦȻǶá
ǼɱһӵȭߵкRȭߣֵֻʱԶһƤκƣʹԣҲ𽥼ء
RʹȫˣһΣ˰ڵϴˣܴ裡ѪУºüѪȥ
Ա߿ŵĹع˰ѺûŮˣŮ̫ˣŰɱֱɱ˻衣
С̫ӡĬBͻȻںһŵһ£Ŀ⿴εЦЦ
ûı飬ԹԵʣղ˵ȥʲô󣿡
عʰ˵֩ȥλλãҲ֮ǰ̵λãû뵽ǾȻˡܸӣһԹһͻְ֣һЩҲ֣Ǵᱻ͵˭֪
Сʱ̰ΣУһδȥ˺ߣһīڣһҲ֪ĻɽУҲ龪һ
ЩͲôˣ߸嶼³һЩ˹Щн޳ˡ
ĬBһɣɭн޳ģЩûгС˱͵ĵطһˡ
عлһЩأ˵ģ֮ͻῴһٲٲкܶҩģҲ֪ûҪġ
˼һ˵ҹ˵ĻԱϣҴǾ󣬲ҲˣΪٽȥû취ҲûҲԼСЦһûȥ̳лλء
ĬBЦãͰƽɡ
عͷ漴ȥĴRʣһҪô
ŬŬʣ˻ôǹô
ع᣺ҲôɣҲûƴԪ˹ֻҪɱǵ˾С
ɡ˻Щʱ򱻷䵽ػˣ˵ʵ۱֪ڻİ˻ڹһڹ˵ʲô˵пս飬ûôЦЦĿŹع
⺢Ȼգ۾˵ͳ׷ɱҵԲ˶ߣһִ󡣡˵ٻԼ飬һߣߴŴRһڡ
ŴRùҪǶһ˾鷳ˣֻȶУع׼ĬB͹ͻʰR
عǳɡ˵۳˿һһڳϣҶȣһ߰˵Ķˡ
ĬBͷ۲󴦵İɫ˿ߣġ
ɭδ֪Ҳû÷ҶȥһŹȽϰȫ㡣
عǰͷ·Ǳ㣬ĬB߾ɱǣҶųɳһôǽĬBġ
ҶǲǰֻĬBڷҶϣĸ߿Զֻаããľɫ
ǴԭȵߵһƬʱƾհֻǶ̶̼ҶŨİΧȫǰˡ
׵ļֱֲָĬBЩš
Ҷŵ㡣
Ҷ˱£ЩûжҲʲôӰģˣƬҲġ
ĬBĵĻص԰֮ǰǸС̫˵Ľţǰ߶ǻĮλĴָɳĮ¡
Ȼ˾뵣ˣռҲĽ֮䶼һĹƬΣҲṥˡҶĬB֮ǰ˵ռ䲻˵ѹ
Щˣ˵ѵǸ츣ˣ
ȻҶڵ絽ĸֻܿ϶ǺңԶԶŵʱЩﶼ֮ŷɵ磬˯ӡĳ˯ӡ
ҶţᰡЩû¸ɻȥ䣬ѧϰһ֪ʶٰ֪ʶԼУЩͺܴ֪ܶණ
ĬB첻֪˵ʲôˣǶãֻ캮ɭֵҲţƣһƬ־ɳĮޡ
㿴ŵ㣬ܸӦҹϧϢ𣿡
ܣǷҶˣ˿̲طҶȫӦʱȥãϢҲˡ
ĬB˿ӻǵÿˡ
ҶӦСܸӦϢԶҲҵ߹·ҹȥ
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еСţ˳ưϵ˿ϡ
ܸܲӦҹϧߵϢһ䡣
С˽һųҪɣĬBæ˵ع
Ϊ˿С˷ɵĲ죬һһ𶼸Ա߹ȥ
ȻعŵĺˣСĵ㡣
ҷ׷ױ񾭽ս״̬һǿҵķܵİɢˣҰһ㡣
ĬBǰͷС˸ֻɫˣЩͷ˺ܶ࣬ССĳӶķЩһʱˡ
ǺģҪǸͷ̫ǶҪϲˡ
ǰֹЩ缧Ҳ֣ܿͰЩˡ
С˹ըëˣǰյڿҲǷŭ
ˣС˵СһųȺΧ۹ˣǴùҶʼС˵Ļ
ĬBЩԥû𣿡
ţСɱǿǶҲãҶᶢŵģЩ˵Сǡ
ĸ㶼ܹ˼
ܵġ
Էĵռеӷ˳һֻС˵ķӦãϾ֮ǰС߼ֱǷˣһֱӾʹûˣ


54 
ĬBŵֱӴӷҶȥ׷Сߡ
С˱ҷ, ǡŵĸͷֻС˵һ䣬Ӧһ͸ˣСӶǿķܵİɢǰࡣ
λ㣬޲ٰعյĬBĽ
㵹ʶ, ˵ⷽ𣿡ĬBһ䣬СǰǴ·ǰͷŨİ, Ҳ˺һˣȫûеס
Ҳ֪, оǴɢˣҲ֪ȥҲҪ̫ԶȻ鷳ˡ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬͵һѰĬBƿݺˤڵϣûӦ, ͿǰƯ
عСĶ㿪Щ˵СĶ, ǴҪǱֱӾͰקˣղһʱļ㣬ǸӦĬB
ĬBϵʹվ, ҲûӦ:û¡ѴСǵĹ㡣
ϽҺӡӦǰܡ
ȺΧ۹ĬBܵܿѹȣɵýҶĹűҶ
Ҷͽ˵ĪţСǴùǰ߾ڴ̫ᱻ˵ģֻҪԼͺá
ĬBŷĵ㣬ͣ½Ųǰ߸Լи涼΢ɼĶ༤ҡ
ֻСһֱǻղĬB뿪ǵߣҲʱעԶĴ򶷣Ǽֲǳ֣ײеĶЩֻԼ׵İΣС
СɫյİΧ۹ȺõҲֱɣĲǵʵ
мֻŵĶӣҲû׷ϣĬBΪһȦȷûŻصߡ
ͻȻߵӰĬBһعӦΪţŵֱӺ˺üıͷˡ
СߺĬBæֹ̧ع֡
Ҽҵġ
عŷ˰亹˵ĶЩʲôôô㵽ʲôݣ
ĬBƳһûлӦҪֱ˵Ǵҹϧ
һ𾪵ĿߵСߣ˰ߵǸԱһȣԭͷֻϥǵĺڸͷˡ
ҶΪʲôôˣż죬ôŷģ
Ҳܳôɣ
ҶͷˣҲô£ĻصղС˰Щˣɭеͷǿ̺Ҳǿ󣬳˲ϡ档
˶ְˣⲻĺӣС˵嶼壬ຢӵԱȣֻҪ㹻һڳ󶼿ܡ
ĬBܿʵĺƣҲ֪ʲôʱҵҹϧһ໨ʱ䣬С߲䵽㹻ȫóˣˣͷҹϧòʮǶʮӵС߲֪θ룿
ͷСıԼĴȣǵ̬ܰģС߱С˸Ӳ֣ڻзִ磬ûֱ׷Ⱥںɭܡ
ͷСĬBĺοҲڴӻû˺ʲôӣСߵٸоȽƫҹϧ
ôߣԭɢĴҶ۹ˣĬBãĿһ䡣
ȷҶڣС˫˫ָ̧ǰ
ĬBһЩϲʣȷǱߣ
Сǵͷ
ߣǸϽȥ
ͷС˻轵͸߶ȽĬBǱСһһǰ
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Сĵ㣬͵ĵطһҪҵ׼ȷλáǵ˵
Сû˵ֻӵ˻˻ߡ
ҲûпֻСĸں档
ȻĬBһ̤ǰ˲ʱֻȻʵĸоˮУǰһ޴ٲ
߹ǵٲˡ
ǰķֱǧߵٲع¼˵ˣٲˣ㿴ûҪҩģҪûҿɲȥˡ
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عǹЦЩǵ˵Ӧòʲô飬ֶ࣬ҲҲҩҲҪˣʱҪǿ󡣡
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ĬB߹ȥվˮ̶߿ţˮ̶еˮΪµٲɫˮȫˮʲô
ѲɴҹϧǱеĴŪ˹ǵˮд˹ɻһ䡣
ԭˡߵķҶˮ̶Ȼһ䡣
ĬBĿʲô˼
ֻͫЦˣ׼ˡ
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ͨһˮ̹ǵĺʶɢʲôҲûУ·ʱ䶨һ㣬·𱻸һռС
֪˶ŻѾһطһݲĺԺУԺУ߾һˣãȻĿܣӵվûˮʪ͸·ˬ糣
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һߴҶ
˱£ҶСռУɱûиǴ˿һطˣٲ±ߵˮ̶дӦþǹֻеĪ
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С˵Ǵˮ̶еĴߣӦþǹ٣ǷҶǸˮ̶ɭֵڣǾúɭָӵĹϵڹĴŷҶҲἰһǾе֡
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Ҷţƴ͵ĵطܶ࣬ʵÿй̶ĵط֮ǰзҶо˼ЩطʲôΣյĵط͸оЩֻǰѴͳȥѡ
츣գĶɱҲ࣬ںɭеĴԻ˶СĴ󣬲ǱʲôĶռˣӵʵ
ҶĬ˼صӦòܣҶֻоɭϢƬӶԼʶҶ֮ǰͨʶûб|ٿأȻҲ˭ôֽš
ˣͺñռͷҶĹϵɭҲжӦػ飬ػˮ̶£ҲߣɭֵػߣǹҶƵ캮ɭֵѡôһػ顣
ĬBɫأҲһˣɭֵػ⣡
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뵽ҹϧڹ˺ܾãҲ΢ĵ㣬ǧڹӲҪ˵зҶӦò£ɭɭĸоǲСĿ顣
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ҶǸˣػסĵطҶΪռػǲ㣬Ҳ벻ˣǹء
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С˿ǿԣǱϾǴѪԷһҶͰǴռУ¿ΣٰС˷ų
Ҳ˵ʲôһܶء
˿ųұߵȥҲΨһһͨ
߻谵ȣǽϻ滭Ÿ񻭣ͬԱ˹ڵ˰޵̬УҲͬﻭĲֲQ滭ļӸУЩװ仯оԽ˺ü͡
ĬBȻȻΪЩ˻Ƿࡣ
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55 
ǰ˭, ˣҲ⵽ʲô֣飿ȣ
ĬBĿתĶһĿʶһƿұߣȻ˴ҹϧĿ⣬˫۱ؿһϣɫܲá
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, о԰
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, ȷǰ˻ţ¶ȻĬBеĵǳ׷ˣһ´Ŵҹϧ
ˡ
Ŀԣ˼
ǰ˼ҹˣӣҹϧĶ, ٴν˱ڻС
ô仹ܳ, ԡϳţϧ
ĬBŬŬ˵ѵ߸ǧڹһꣿ
ҹϧ
أ
һ˽ˡ
ĬBһ㶣ɫĶʣйŮôǷʲôûУ
ҹϧûУҸսʱǧڹ۸˵˼, ֮һֱ˯
˵ʲôˣ
ʲôԸ
ôشģ
·
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ҹϧֽ̧˽ϵ˵߲Ǻ䣬ĸӿռеʳһĺúõģֻ뿪ףҼѹ˶û뿪·˵ǧڹԸ˲뿪
ĬBüڴҹϧгԵģҪûгԵģ߲Ͷˣֲǧڹӳ֡
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ҹϧǺЦá
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ҹϧĬBȥǰߵУЩϢĵط
ĵγһڡ֣ǧڹڵļ̨һȦǷӣǰһԺӣȷʵǰߣŸԺһëһԺĬBǲԹԺˡ
ߵӴСһߵİ趼һ£иɾһȾԣÿ䶼ųɸɾ
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ҹϧסǰԺȽмӣһӣ֪ǴҹϧЩϢĵطסӺûסϢȫͬ
ߵЩû˽룿ĬBڵһ䡣
ҹϧӿռóˮװ˵ˮС¯󣬿ڻصûУûһֻһֱš
ҪͷĬBĸӿռжʳԼǳŲȥˣ߿ưȴǳ˵ľ
BԼһ˲ҪܣҪȥҲһ𡣡
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԰ǸҵģҶҲһѣˮо͵ˡĬB˵ĻŮ˻ʲôӦ
ҹϧƺûӦ̶ʵԪĿǰʲô
ĬBӺī̫֣ǸͨԪǵسʿһѱѹǣīİɱǱԪŰɱϷ룬ôˣҲɱҵģΧðҴڹ
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ҹϧü̫ôͽˣ
˵ĬBɵЦԻ̫ӣ͵ܳȥҿӳԶֻ̫ð·˻ӵ˶ˣҪ㣬Ϊȥ˹ҹعʣϾĵطںɭ֡
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ĬBûİһۣôڲŷӦ
ҹϧ
Ŀǰܺãǧڹӵĵ̣ǶǴҲųȳȥǣĿǰĻȽ㡣
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ĬBǺһЦǸŮӡ
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ţеڵʱûǷɡ
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ĬBΪԼˣҹϧɫġ
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˵·˻ôĬBֱߵĴҹϧһ䣬ɫ˼ֵˡ
˵ⶼô߾Ͳį𣿡
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˵Ҳǣͦһػ顣
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56 
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ĬB, ںһ仹ˣѵһҲǳԻǾͺðˣȱľǺóԵġ
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ĬBҪ, ҹϧЩŵס֣, ¶һЦ⡣
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ҡҡͷԥһµᶼǶԵȵģҪʲô͵øۣҲԸ
ĬBȻô˵ҲһͷˣвУͷ
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ͬΪҶռ䶼ܵ޽ԼɭֺǧڹΪβܣԡ
ǧڹһԾɫ˲û֮ǰƵᣬ˿еֻͷŶƣĨôҹϧ׽ɱ⡣
ӰӰҲ֮ĬBûӦǧڹӺʹҹϧˣһһСӰļײ˱ˣ
ǧڹӴ˿ŭ⣬úõһɲǱ˺ڻĿأĬB˰ѺΪʲôĻӦôңɭߺһЩΪ֪顣
²Ǳ濴ô򵥡
ǧڹӴ񣬴ҹϧҲ·硣
ĬBһԣѾˣҲ˲ôѺǶųֻߣĸӿԥĳȥ﴾ҹϧ
СҲͷŻ棬˿ԸΪȳķγǿǧڹӵжҹϧСΧ罻ںϲǿĹӲǧڹѪӴӰ׹ڼ̨ϡ
ˣҹϧСҲɵĸСֵ߲ĹȥҪɱӿȥҪǧڹӶܵĿƾ͸޲ݱΧ
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Ծ˼֮ɢˣڰٴ֡
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ĬBϼ̨ǧڹͷռɭֹʱ۾˿Ŀ⾲ĿŮԼ鵭Ȼȴܵһѹ̲ס˶
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ΪʲôһǶԷͷΪǧڹӵǰǸܶŮˣûͷͲ˵˵ͷΪۡ
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ԪˣӸʵԸأҲǽЩûùһֱٲ֮
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ǧڹӵͷ˫ûпЩɶˡ
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㿴ҶҲػ飬ǿһ棬ûˣ㻹Ѱ߻Ҹ㲻ûһá
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57 
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ҡҡͷֻ޽Լֻɴ
ֵ޽Լܴܻᱻȥʲô磬ַס硣
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ҹϧһ˷ܵĬBͷܸ³֣ԡ
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ǾͿʼˡǧڹӵĻ, ԭصĴҹϧ˲ʧ, ĬBĶˡ
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Ľ˵ϢѪ
ϼҾȫ
󱻶׷ɱЩɱɱĻĬBѾ˺ܶ࣬˿̿ǰײл̲סθﲻʣŴҹϧսɢѪ߹Ǽƻе㺦£Ů˺Ļĸζ
ֱҹϧߣ߷ӦһӱǸůĻС
ôˣ͵͵żʡ


58 
ĬB, ̧ͷ¶Ц⣺ûаͻȻôԵˣʲôˡ
ҹϧ鷺ᣬ֮ǰĺ˲ɢٶ˵ֱӵͷסЩĴ, ˲һ
֪ǵĹϵĿ֮ôֱĪΣֻܴȴ, Щɱǣıˡ
, ͻȻҲĴҴңķֿҹϧڻУ̧һƳϵʬ塣

֮·̵ҲȣһЩѲľ⵹ҲûǵˣЩӶŷµľӣȻΪǣһֻ۱һֻ۴кͲˡ
Ԫ֮, ҹϧȻصǹ, ͷصϼҾһ٣ӽסɱ⣬ֻǴıף
ظ, ķΧʱ⡣
һϴԶϢۼɫˣҹϧĴıڶʥɸҪأ˴ˣùʥ
ˣҪȥɡĬBǰס̫ഫּһ̬ȵĴҹϧֱ˵
ҹϧ˫üڵŻȻȥ
ǡ̫๧Ӧת亹ܳ˹
ĬBĿԣղûԱӵʱʲô
ҹϧ˳ư§Уǳǳһ˵ҵİBٵ׼һҪܷܵ׼ܰǰB
ţȥĺϵɽ»ǶҪһⱲ˦ҡĬBԥĽĻܾȻ
ҹϧͷɫ¶Ц⡣
ãʰһ½
š
˳ǰʹеҲͱ㣬߸缧ЩɱһЩиţһЩĬBȥռ鱨ˡ
ҹϧν׼ǰµټʱɾǲľǣһЩɱֻôǮӶģʹ̫ԲЩǮˣȻҲ׼
˴νδ֪һԴҹϧӲֱλпܡ
κοܻᷢ鶼ӦԵ׼ǻһ·̫飬ʵǱʲô̬ȫ
ǻڼ䴨Ԫз飬ûʵ۷ӦҵҪ˻ӴRˣ˵ǰ˻Υ뿪꣬ܵ߾£׷ɱ̫ӣѹפ߾һЩӶɱˣʵ۴ŭôԪ߸˵˵Ȼûеģʵ۷߾Ѿˮ״̬
չİ̽㱨˻һɱӵмǶӵˣ˳İѶҲǣˣòƶǱûʲôӰ죬Ͼֵܣȥ̽еİ˻ӷȥ˱߾ȫһɶǰ˻Ǳ߱Ƚϲҡ
һīһ߹ҲһţǵĻʵ۱ȫͷ󣬰˻Ӱһٰ֮ؽΣûл˭̽öӺ̫ʦǱҲ
֮п϶ð˻Ӳܣο֮ǰ˰ӣֲ̽Ǳߵ֪ʲô
ҲãʡQҲ˲ٿͷ
ҲòعȻѶӵˮˣʱһЩʵûӦû뷨Ҫ֪һֱλҵĻǴͶӣҲǸԼֵᵽλλ֮·ķкˡ
ĬBףǱ߾ͲһҵĻˣȻѻǵôҹϧĻ㡣
ҡҡλεģܲĻ˯ſڴҹϧĻ˯һȵǵʹʱѾˡ
鷿һƬȴǡ
ĬBŴҹϧ鷿ǶˣһЩ¸صλߵĴҲڣһȺˣĿⶼϣɫ졣
ҹϧϰĿ⣬ޱûʲôӦߵĬBЩͷƤˣӲͷƤŴҹϧɫĻʵۣǰ
ʵⷢ䣬Ϊ²ͣλӢĻʵ۱ɫԵú㲣Ҳֹɢ֮
֪ʵĬBŴҹϧʡ
ҹϧĬĬʣ˵Ŀǰ·ϽӶԶɱ˵飿
˵˿
ʵ۵ɴ۾Ƿŭ
ˣյĺݺӡ
Ϣŭ̫ʦǰһʵ۵֮ǰϽӷּȥҹʱеᣬ£Ҳ˽⣬ͼˣ¶˵
ʵŭ𣺡˵˵ʲô˶ˣôǸЩºػҴԪΪɱЩ
ҹϧǣʽѵǣֻǡϽ˵ʵҪɱǣģ
ʵһ㶣ϵķŭתɫô˵ģ˵ĿʶĿĬB뵽ҹϧײУЩ¡
Ҳǿµʵ˴ҹϧ˵ġ
ŷЦһڣٴʥּĴϽҲңƢͲãһ˵ɱˣѹִº֣ƽ﹫˵㣬Ҳɱ͢١
£黹δЩǴ˶Թ֣³¡
ŷоݣά̬ȺȻ
Լ⹫άŮûëҪǲά⡣
ĬBͷ̲סǣϽӵ黹治ò飬޶֤ЩǸӵʿˣûȥЩһֱŹҲ֪顣
޶֤޴֣ҹϧˣ뿿ϼҾ˳϶ԸӣֻǵɱǶԸӶѡ
һٴʥּ㹻ϼҵܵģǶæϴҲΪڵİ׵ĻǴҹϧһ˵㡣
ʵĿĶŴҹϧɫƽ
Ͻ޽⣬ʵһʣأ
ҹϧְ̧ѹ˳Աߵı߲Źǰӹʵۡ
ϸһ£ȷĹʵ۵ɫŻ͡
֮ǰ䲻ȥ˺δԭȵʵƽѯʡ
ҹϧ׷ɱܵɭָСӱͽһֱУǧ빫Ѷ˳
ʵЩӵĿĬBһЦˡǹΥֻǵʱĺܵĹҪǳʲô¶Ҳˣʱֻ֪Ҳײ˹Уû뵽ɭоȻͨĴƽҲԸܷ
ʵ۰ڰȻûмƽ飬˼˵ţǵʲôа
ĬB˵а顣
˫΢С
˵ʣǽ빫˳Ǹǧڹӵ޽Լ뿪ˣǸǧڹ˽סӵĶ˶١
˵ǧڹӵаʵԸκԸ»ԸֻҪ㹻ʵ֣ҪΪǺ¡
ʵһأ
ĬBԹףֻҪܹΪԪףԸǧڹӵӳǴԪԽԽǿ󡣡
İǧڹ˳ȥ
˲мĺȻǧڹǿԸ
õλ֮ģ
ҹϧһصЩǱľǱģǱľͲǱġⷬش˵ĺܺ
֮˵ʵ²ǧڹӵ϶˵̧ӵ˵ȻڹϣЩɱϵĹǼٵģˮʯûѱ䣬ǻʲô˵ģ
д󳼿ڣ£Ȼõģǡīİɱ깫ְ͵˹ϡ


59 
ʵüͷһ, ûпҲǲܡ
ҲûпŻʵۿڡ
鳹֮ǰڸϺú˵һ䣬ǽˡ
ҹϧûκ飬ˣǣ
ĬB뵽ʲô˵ʲô, ʵۿ˵⡣
ɫһϲлʡ
ѾҪǱˣЩô찡ʵȻҲ뵽һ, ĬBҹϧĴΣ, ˵ѹû˵
ڴҹϧϣʵ¶ѾˣīİɱӽǵʱҹϧѾʧһֱĬBȥѰҴڼԪǶھ״̬κǿ˶뿪Ԫǣΰѹҹϧϡ
˵, ҹϧҪҪ, ԼĹ£ôģҪѱ乫һ㶯ûУ¶ߡ
ҪǹѱԽλˡ
ѱһ, ֪ھЩҲһ£ЩȷʵǸ⣬˻ʵ۾ͰѴҹϧˣҲٵ£ҲܳûúϢһʱ䡣
һˣ˶ˣʵûʲôӦĵѰԼŮһ顣
֮ī͹飬߱ȵĽûʵѹܴ󣬴ӱϹȲϴԪڻīڣһһҵǲС
οϾҪˣҪڹϴðǵ£֮ǰɱǱѾɱ˲ٰգѾĻ̻̣ҪƼֻԴԪԽԽ
дǰ˻ͱģѰ˻ӽͺˣ⵽˶ӵķԡ
˻뿪ǲԣδ֪ѱǹ³û°߰˻ôһ
ܺãⷬûʵ˼ˡ
ĿҲûУȻȲϴԪѱŴԪīʱһһ֮ǰսܵĳӡ
ôˡ
ҹϧ²ĿˣҲû¸ɣֵĻӲǵôԶȥץˣһץѶӵ˶ץȥˡ
ץ˾ˣҪɱԼʿ
ҧһۣһƳ
ɲǿտڰ˵˻׷ɱ̫ӣǱ߾ʿ˲١
ʡӻ˵ʲôʵֹ̧ˡ
û£һʼֱӲˣֻҪ˵ߵŷǲǾڻʹߵ鶼˻ӵԼ뿪껹Ǳ°޲ʵüõĵ۶ӣ߶ʱ
ʵۻ֪˻Լܳȥģ߾Բ֪ڣֻһīûǸȥ飬Ѱ˻ӽҲԲܡ
۵Ľ˸Ǳ߽棬һʱ䣬īֻսپˡ
ҹϧˣ¶ζֲʵ۾ʹ°£Щ
˵Ķ˵ˣҹѾôˡ
Ҹ˺ظҡ
ҹϧĬBߵôǾعȥʺǱ߲һ
ߵ԰ʱ߾ʣӺʮˣӵҲû̫ķӦǿĬBЦЦʮ΢˵㣬ֱվĬB˵
㣬ͻʽû̫ˣЩ굣ˡɫϿҵ˵ǿĵЦݡ
ĬBһ΢ЦǱôע⵽¼ұ־壬Ѿʼˡ
ʮ˵ʱѾʦǣѧһЩʱûµʱȥʦʦһҲնħˡ˵Цźͽ
Ǻܺðһ˵һܣпյʱҲڵʱܹܾУ֮Ϊ¼ҵ㶼ˡĬBҲΪеˣʮӻֻҪħԽ˳Խˣ
ʮ΢ЦͷۺʱεֻҪзԸһ
ԡĬBֹɵ̬ȡ
ǶסڹУԼĹ԰һС·ǸԻ޹
ĬBҹϧ˳סֱ˵ܵȽϲĸ
ֻϲ㡣ҹϧԥ³⼸֡
ĬBɵ÷°ۣ־ۡ
Ҿϲô˵黰䡣ͷЦ
ҹϧû˵ʲôֻжʾһڡ
԰ߺڵϹ𣬷ǳʺЩ£ǹҴҳŵײϡ
ū澼֪ɫūȥǹҹءı˵ű߰һ£Ȼŷˡ
ҹϧͷд⡣
ҹͷӵ䣬ĸæȥƫѾ̺ãﶼ̿Ⱥġ
᲻ҹŮǶһж׵
ǰŽݣŮҹ׼ˡ
ôǶȥϢɣǳҹ˯ˣʲô顣ĬBĵĳŵ˵
Ӧˡ
ôˣĬBȷʵˣת߿ԡ
̿յůޱȣ¶ȶĬB˵Դҹϧ˵еˣһ˺ü·ֻʣ£ŹԼ߳ҹ
ô̼ҵ𣿡ĬBĿ
ҹϧ̧ǹЦǣ㡣
̲סЦֲİ˼ҵԸеļʱ¶ڿС
ĬBĿ˵
¶¶磬ҹϧţԼͷȲ˼ڡ
˵ģǲǸɭֵ޽ԼĿˣĬBһ䡣
š
ѹ·Ҳ𣿡
ʶһ£ҹϧ̧΢
ĬBүģ˾ѯôƵЩĵطȥ
˿ˣǳ궫˵ɡ
Ա㣬ϴһϴϢ
ԹԵڸϱˣڴҹϧĻһ䡣
еôҹϧɵýڻУͷ㷢۾ЪҲãٹЩ͹ˣӦÿ΢ͣ졣
ˣĬBҲʣСֲֵľĳ˵ҿɵеæˣðЩӶںã˵ҰЩɱ£ôٲǱ˹Ӷɱǰ
ţ㿴Ű졣
ȻǵҲϵġ
仰ôҹϧ˲˫ⷢ
ĬBؿûвķӦ˵С˻ǱȽϹԵģС߹ҲԣУо㣬оС߶㷴Ӧ󣬻ظ֮ҰС߷ųǺúɡ
ȻˣѪںϵĺӲȶҪǵƤɱº֣ʵܴġ
ʦʡҹϧ˵һ䡣
ĬBԥ£죬ûз
ԺǵĳסǻṩܺõһѪںϵĲ׳ʲôų֢ȫûа취͵ʦչһʱ俴õģԴӷںǶû޿һۡ
ȥ˹ʦɡ
ãˣ˯ɡ
š
ӵһ
ĬB˸̧۾Ĵҹϧɵ¶Ц⣺簲
簲
һ𴲣ƫźȥʺ밲ʺ̬ȵҲȻ
˽⹫˼ȣ½ĪҪ򲻹·ʺϿĬB˵
ôһ仰ŶԼŮĹģо棬ͬʱҲ˵Ʋ
ҹϧᴹ񣺡ǣףҲĸط壬ɷִ硣
ʺͷҲ˵ʲôˡ
ҹϧĬB뿪ˡ
ûйԣĸŮղ
뿪ǹȥ˹ʦ
Ҫ˵Ԫ˷ǹʦ޲ˣսΪ֮²ְΧڣʵҲӽˮùʦȥ
˵ڸīìܵʱѾռһƽµ˼˵īϴԪܣҲӮɣսܻкܳȽ鷳
ȥʦ޿һӣɹʦû·ͱ¡
ĩ֮͹ظͳǰɫԲǿӲ
˵Ϳʼ㣬ɫȥ˻ʺǱ߲סҲǻʵĽûҹѴҹϧͻعˡ
ǻʵ۵ˣǰİ˶Ǹ𡮿ءҹϧģƲ١
ҹϧ΢΢üҲûܣƳ۱㣬ĿĬB˵BȻȥˣЩ
ĬBֹǵͷ
Ŵҹϧ빬عһȺ뿪߾ʣˣûиŴҹϧȥӦǴҹϧ˼ˡ
Ҳûе飬ֱʦӵİ·˲֪ȥޣֱӾͰˡ
ѽʦִȥ
޿ɫ˼֣ڻصЩ׼ˡ
ææһС
ҪҪȥʦȱ裿
ĬBЦȲˣɣŵѾˣ㿴ǡ
е⣬ͷá
ĬBȰС˷˳ͨںڵķһ𾪡
ڷˣȻֻ
ЦȻֻŵģԷСǷųܣصضһڰǷų
ðС޵ɴ۾˼Ŀš
ŵĸӣ㿴ĬBĪֶȤζ˿ŵĸʱ𾪵ı鿴ôС
޲ǹʦǾˣܿͻָƽ̧˵ԴСߵֱۣϸ鿴һ
СǻӣȻе㿹ܣ޼ˡ
Ŀǰܺãûų֣ҲҪиʯιĶιˣȵȫԱ任˲ܷɣڼʱûˣǧˡһ˵
ĬBͷڵ˵ǲ࣬ȫ任֮ǰΣڣʲô֡
СߵƷ֪𣿡ĬB̽Եʵ
ڷѾȷ˰ʲôֻǺȷ
޳Сߺһ˵ͨѩѩߣϢҲǱԵģлԵϢɫЩᡣ
ʦ֪𣿡
һ㶣ɫصĿɫĮСߣĬBȷϵǿͷ棿
ĬBͷͷϿ
Ƭ̵ȻˣγƺҲ֪磬ͨɫͷ֮߳ڤߡ


60 
ĬBЩ̾, ʣϸ˵˵
ްڤߵʵ˵ֵ, 粻ͬ, ³ƺһЩŶ̫һ, һǶǿͨ, ߶УҲǱȽϿһЩа, Ҫĺǿֻضõ
ڤߺϡ, Ⱥڷ˻עǿе治ɶŻͷţǱԻɢ, |ҲֱΪҽڤԲбﶼ͸ѪΪǿ˶ϲа, ǳΪĺҲ, ǽаͿν̵ˡ
ĬBͷС, жʱ, ôȫΣշ, ȷе˵Ѿʶǵײˡ
Сأһ䡣
޿ֵֻܰĺڷûκ˻˵㣬ҲĲڤߺ, ʹĸˣǶѵġ
ĬBͷôһ˵еˡ
ΪںɭֵʱСɱȺӳɳȫǿٳɳȹٱóˣɳ˺ܶ಻ȷΣų֮ϵĽ̵ϾǻѪоӦòѡ
ĬBĽǶôãΪǰǺܹԵġ
˵꣬ѺռУ׼ȥˡ
Щ㣬Ҫ޺ĵĸһӵĬBҲˣллʦ֡
ĬB޸ֱ⣬Ҵһؼҡ
ŽӲ˴ҹϧǰͻ˹⣬ͽôһյ˺üޣӻʮӣŷǱҲһЩ⻹иմӲľǱССһСɽѡ
ȫˣֳһȦû˻кôһξ롣
ҹϧѾʼĽ㣬ʲôʱ㲻֪ʵҲû˵ѾΧлʵ۵˶ţĬBʵͦĵģЩҲЩɱֽ̫㡣
紾ҹϧȥ鷿飬ĬBû¸ɾʹű缧ǰҹˡ
ҹѽϣѾʼʹˣĶ½ȻԼʮӵţ޼ټԵ
ҹǰ칫ĵطôڲЩװ޶ʮڵģйоأûκ顣
תҹȥ˰˺С˳Ǳߵ뿪ԪȥҴҹϧʱ࣬ѾӪҵΪʳĽ٣Ϊҹµģڱ֤ٿ˶ǳŹСջؽ֮һֱţĬBڣ˵ԣٶе㡣
ֻеǣԼЩеϰǻѹ׼ۣ㶼һˣǿ
ֱʮ̯λÿ춼ڰڣܻ𱬣ȫسˡ
֮ǰǿ˭Ĺ˭
˵İУĬB˼ĿԱߵ缧Ů˻ǹؾصŮ磬ݼ缧ڸЩɱϵҲ㡣
Īǿūˣ缧üһĵһ䣬һ뱡еĳǰϵЦһ
ĬBЦ˵ú˵Ǿбʴ̸һǵĸ𣿡
缧˵ҿ԰æתȻҲľתκ
˾̸˱Ŀ⾯Ƴ˽
УͷǸһӵǽˣҹ»мӿţתǣʳҿԵͼṩҲǴϣһЩŻݻøľˣҹ˵ĬBֱӽˡ
缧£ʶʣı
үҳ𣿡ĬBһۣ˵ƼʲôҲпܣҪҪıλǰﲻ
缧ϸЦ⣺ǸūҲԸΪЧ
ԣҾԲġ
ǡ
Щɱڽʱ򽭺ȳ͢ҹϧǱܵʲôΨһԿ϶µҹϧıλּ˵ĶλǲУһƵ·Ҳǲܡ
ĬBȻЩ񣬻˵֪ʲôʱʼҹϧƺЩˣҲûǸǾôҹϧûһʼôִŻλˣûֲʵִţֻƽ
ĬB룬Ǳǰ
缧ǵ˰ҲһӸī̫ӹ֤ݰɡȻһ䡣
ҹϧ㣬ľҲţʹõİ֮٣ЩɱжɶˣĬBбҪռ֤ݣԷһ
缧ͷû⣬Ҫʲô
ī͹飬С֪ͲҪ˵ˣҪ˲֪顣
á
ĬBͻȻȫ͸Ů˵ǹϲŮɫԸǰߣȻҹϧпܡ
缧ֻߵСŮţ춪ȫǶ飬ֻбһֱӰĸţ缧첻û˻ỳɡ
缧ɱָܲ˳㰲µӺī֤ݣĬBܴ˵飬һڹԹԻؼ㴾ҹϧ
ؼңһͲԾˣʶĸһۣϢȽС
ĬBţĿűֱѪɽɫһ䣬ӳ˿˳
˿ҧ˵֡
ʲô£Ӧɫһ׺
ĬBһѰסҪ˽ӵ˵ڲͬкɭֵЩ˿ܰô
Ȼ˿ûᵽѪζҹϧ£Щ˿̫ܼ֮ǰ˿˹Щ쳣УһӾͲˡ
̫ʦ̲סĬBЦ󿪿ڳһ䣺ҹϧ
͵سһֱֻ۱ס§סŵԥĻƹȥ
һץס£ſǴҹϧ
ըëҡҹϧſ֣˳Դ
ĬB˿ĺ˿ʣҪôǱ빫ˣ
ҹϧĿ⸴ӵĿЩ˿˵ûǱ룬Ǳ뱻ߵĽץסˡ
˭ĬB졣
֮ǰĺ˿ֻɵ̫ʦΪûҵϵڣҲֻǻɣ̫ʦĵλ׺
ھȻһβֵҪɱ
˷Ծˡ½ȻҴԣɫһ䡣
ˣɡҹϧ˵һ䣬ҲûǸһжĻ֮ˣ˭Ļ֪֮
ĬBһ˵ǹˣҾòʲô̫ˡ
ţB˼ΣҹϧµĿĸ߼
˼˺һĬB˵ǾǧڹӰæý֮µĻ֮˲ù
̫ʦڲˣǶӵĻһ¡
˻ĬB⣬֮ǰڹ̫ʦͦġ
ҹϧ۵ǵ֮ǰ̫ʦٿشɽĿɱ㱻ҶɱɣһֱûãһϹͷˣӲʲôʱ򡣡
ĬB͵۵սҹϧ˵ȻԷôΣ


61 
ҹϧ¶Ц⣺ϴ
Ȼ̫ʦз, Ǿ£ֿŪһֻ𣿡
ҹϧȻ, εĿһĬB, аĲˡ
Ƥ, ȥҿ
ĬB뵽ʲôæ˵, Щɱȥң߱ý, ǲҪԥȥ˭أʹòƲ, īǹΣ
ҹϧͷǱ㽻ˣڹ˭ɵúúüƻһ¡
ⲻһֱ㹥һ˾, ɵúúüƻһ¡
˱һ˼ţԱ˵ıԾȥ˿ˣĺ˿ΪٿôƵƮҲͻȻܳˡ
պ˿ɱʧܣ˱ץ, ȻԼԾ, ¶һᴫµĶ, ޶֤, Ҳò顣ȻЩȿҵ, ն׷ɱһΣ
ҹϧûзǹɱǳ, ĿȷƻҲȽס
˵ôôôգ㣬ȥˡĬBЦȦסĲӣŴչȥһǣȻܿȫûзӦ
ҹϧζŴϵ£ĨӰʧȾͷһͷ¶Ц⡣
ĬBĺ˿ɴҹϧֹȷ
֮ɱʺϵĿȼӲιһѵŪĻ㿴ùȥɱɱĬB㹻ˡ
ĬBľɱָ˵ֹСջܿҪӪҵˣ׼ڴһʱҵͿͷ
Щӳ˻һеģĶ¸ӪҵĬB˵Щ㹻ˣг⼸㹻ˣٿµӣʱ򿴰ɣȻ˽ˣֵʲôĻбҪڵģڻʱ
ҪˡڴϱͻȻ˵һ䡣
ĬB£ֻ֪Ҫ굽׻Ҫæеͷ󣬾һεЦ£½Ȼᰲţвٻƻؼҹ꣬ʣµĶǲؼҵġ
ǹЦһ䣺ӵúˡ
ζѾŨӶϲĶЩˣҶֺ׼
˾ǺãЩ鶼ҪĬBģԸһƹ񶼻ס
ߵ·˵Сˡ
ĬBһյĿŽֵ̯ûвʲô缧˵ÿɱǸȰ
ӹˡ
еˣȥԵ㶫ɡ˵һ䡣
㴹Ӧǡ
ǿӿ𣬱ɫһ䣬ǰĬBǰͷһֻӴĿſ֦ǹˡ
ƾն֣ȻǱ͹ġ
Բۣ֮ǰֻҪ󣡡ĬBЩš
üͽͿŴ˵㣬ʵԶû֮ǰֻ
ôһ˵ĬBԷˡ
ˡ
Сĵ㡣
ĬBСźˣûܼԱߵİһȺ˳ŵĽֱߵİն̿Ҵܽ˽ֱߵС
ԤϣѾˣЩĿſˮΧ
ѾֻϣߵķӦһʱ
ĬBüͷš˵ϷҪݵ棬û֪ͨͰôŪΧԵЩˡ
ɵСŶǱţЩūҿûơ缧ϷŰ
ȥүūңĬB˿ɱ޴ͽսʼ
ôΪҲ΢˵㣬һһȫû⣬ôһ˹ԵЩæˣǱıܿһֻҧЩİСٻ˳
ֻС˳һڣǿķ˲ЩԶԶġ
С˵ţĬBӱ޳֣͵Ϯһ£Ǳ͵Ϯһ£Ҳ͵ϮɹˣȺõȻǸСˡ
С߷ų̫ײˣ㲻ûǾͰֻŪˣǻڸë߰
ųСǵġ
ߵȺɾСĬBűߣĿԶı㳯Լ׽һЩѯʡ
ĬB§Դ˵ڱһϷֻ׷ɱңǱ㣬ˣŪ
˫ȻӿǹԣǿĵĽţֻӳ
ĬBˣ
Ъ˹ţƻɱƻˡ
С˷ɵĿֱѱƿЩҵĶ㿪𾪵Ŀɫȥտ
һϷ
޴Ŀֻڷˣ̾˿صĬBߡ
²ҸС˶֡
ĬBһֱС˵Ķǲûº֣ڵ˼ӦˣôŪģƻǻᡭ
˵ţԱߵİðһֻһ㶣ۿſٻӴνն
ĬBһͷߣ缧׸١ϲҲðһֻ
ðĿԸͷСӦҵģҪǿֻСΧĿˡ
ܺڻѾڿϣǶҲӲûб
Ϊߵһ۾ܿڻ֮һֵţͷŽֵЩڻ𣬲ڻѾǧٿףյǳ¡
͵ؿǰٶȿСûӦȫͻȻ٣
ڳԼĬBӱ޲סԱߵ˳ƷݶûվȣֻӺһըѣƬźڻ±Žݶƽ㣬ϱÿƬҵ
ϾǷ˵Ļ棬Ƭҵϵʱ˲Ϩ𣬵ȵĸоǿң¸ô·Ƥۡ
С˷ŭķɹĬBŷֿûղըѵֻ֦ͿĶС벿ֵľ׮ƶһŸɱſٳֱϮһŴռ䣬СߺХ
۵СסǸ٣ֱһӣݺڵϣ֮ǲҾ徵ĵȺ
󣬿ˣֻϵĿҲСŪˡ
ݶĬBȥŵʵΣ
ĬBʹ˵û£Ǳ£ϽҼҽϵҩȻȥø
뵽Լ˻ᶯŭɫأĬBȥڽϵҽݡ
ֻ̺ˣƤûҽݵĴȡ˵ѩ˷˵ҩźܵ㡣
߳ҽĬB͵طӦСأ
Сڶӵݶ϶ţҽſڴŵС߲ˡ
ɻãһȺʿҴѯʣǻ̿֡
ղŽô󶯾ǽӵϢϹ֪ˣʱŵĻ궼ˣæѰˡ
û£ûпСߣ˰ߣɫģӲʮҵŮӡĬBеʵ
Ϊ׵ʿʣ飿
Ҹĺӡ
ʿǷӦĿ죬ӦǣСͰѰҡ
ʲô˵ҲӦá
ĬBǵĿСˣСıȥˣǽһӳұߵĽֵȥ
죬Ͻϡ
ʿС˷ȥķҹȥͱҲ˹ȥ
ȥ̫ʦ˵һ䣬ܴǡ
ĬBǸʹˡ
ȵСͣµʱ򣬿լӣϺȻ֣̫ʦ
Ԫһλ̫ʦ̫ʦ
ĬBͷۡ
˶ϣ֪ͨ
ɫеӦиŵİϵ
ĬBƺµС̫ʦһɧĻ죬оֵļУ򶷵ֻҡ
ڽȥҲֹȻˣǾڰɣôҹϧȥճ
ĬBҲǲˣһƨѩϢϵ˻Ǻۡ
֮ǰǰͷʿ亹˵̫ʦСǲô롣
˭ıͷһ䡣
Ϊ׵ʿ˵Сŷţı
ĬBͷԼˡ
ǡ
֣ǸʿŶչȥ
ұˣԷרųģСǿܷʲô̫ʦ鶼ֳˣǸô˵ô˵֪𣿡
ʿҲǻ飬գ۾ЦǺǵͷСףС˶ʵǡ
ȺСֱ̫ʦ⵽ǷʲôǹҲǾͲǹĵˣʵô˵ôǾǱ˵ˡ
̫ʦϿֶõһЩѲߵľӶ߸ϣЩסڸ·ĴҲ֣һ߶ˡ
̣ŵСߣ̫ʦ˰С˵ˣҪǴ򲻹ͰǴĬBС˲Ȼʵġڸϻصߵı㻳С
ҵţҿҪˡʵ˵ţñһͷߡ
ܿ칫ҲϹ֪ĬBߣŷүҲ֣ڵ֪ǵĺӰ̫ʦˣʱЦĺϲ£죬ԽŰС߱˳
СǵһμŷݣͨѪ֪ǲǵˣ׵⹫˰
ӴƣСС͵Ķÿ̫СʱĹˣҲ񡣡ŷһһţ࿪ˡ
˵̫ʦĲ³Сҧгݡ
ŷݣ㾹̫ʦѪ
ŷüõһ͹Ѫĺӣ̫ʦȷҪáݣ
̫ʦ㵣һģѪһ˹ȥΧ۵еݵ̫ҽס̫ʦ
̫󣬴˻ʵ۵ĶУһȺ˱˻ʹҹϧҲ˹վ鷿սŵĺ͡
̫ʦ̫ҽѾѹˣɫܲãһ붼ιȥһ
ĬBҲܵʾʲô̶Ҳֻ֪֪Щ˿ֿʼʹˣõ̱Ϣ
ǻдֵŷԼĸӡ
ҹϧϵʱĬBһίĿ
ôˣһ䡣
ĬB˵Ҹ뿪Ҫظ·׷ɱвǺǰæģ΢̵ˣ˻ôһʱʹʹ
ҹϧɫһ⺰̫ҽ
ҿơΪ֪ĬBֱۡ
ĬBʹĽԱʹҪǰƤŪôõģ
ҹϧüͷۣҲ̫ҽ
ʵޱĿ
̫ҽ鿴ĬBϵƣɫص˵䲻ֱƤϣǿǵ۸ʮ£ڼǧСĲҪƤȻƻء
Ļ϶˵С£Ϳҩۼͺˣ˿˵ǹ˰ôҶ֪Թ˵΢ƵƤǴ£ο㡣
ûֹʹҩҹϧŭ⡣
̫ҽŵ˵ⲻͨ˵ģҩǿͿĨЧͿϻЧЧͼˣ˿ڱ¶ڱѩ֮лܺܵ㣬ú壬ӳܲˣֻ
˻˻ë˵쳹鷿СǴյĬBߣһȦʱû̹ǣͷš
Ҫ𣿡ĬBͶˡ
Сץƿ䣬ԭ˵ƤѾ׾ˣ˲졣
ҹϧ˿ɱɢ
ʵһشҵ˼˵ǷԸ޺ú˵˵ô£
鵽λʵҲţ˵ʲô˽Ů̫ʦˣ˽Ů˰ߵĺӻֻڷˣҪϹˡ
ĬBһµ˵ʣǶ·ȺЩȺһֱ׷Ŷ򣬱˲͹æٻ˺ǣû뵽ЩȺС߾ֱ̫ʦ׷ϣȸϵ̫ʦʱѾһƬˡ
ŷݳǱȽ˿ϲʣ֮ǰҲǱһֻ׷İ˵Ǳ˲ٿصġ
ŷ˼Ϸٿؿȥɱ̫ʦǸǰֻѾĲҪҪ޶֤ڲʲô飬εѹ޹ء
˭֪ءŷ˵Ķĸ֣̫ʦľͲûιȥˡ
ʵЩεĿŷݣͣ㡣
ĬBߵСߣһŤͷ˶ԣҲ֪⺢Ӷ˼ûоĬȲ
ƺ֮ǰҲд֮¡ʵۿһ䡣
ҹϧɫĬBǷӦĬˡ
ʵۻ˵ʲô֮ǰĬBӵС͵̫ʦ˾㵣ΪҪɱ̫ʦʱȴһѰϵ·ˡ
̫ʦѾŵѪιȥ˵ɴ۾˼Ŀš
Сֻ˺ϰ·û·赲̫ʦӷڷ壬ѵǿƤһ˻ë
ҹϧ˵֮ǰB׷ɱͷֿǡصģɱ˿ٿܷɣСߴ̫ʦҲǲʲô
ʵɫ̫࣬ʦ˶ĵ塣
ˣϽ̫ʦȥ߲עŻʵ۵飬ſڵ̫ʦ̧ȥˡ
λʵˣĬһ̧ɫһ㣬տƴҹϧСʣӡ
ĸҹϧԥĻֻڷҲҺͰBѪֻǻδûΡ
ʵ˵ĸо˫С۾ĪЩ
ȻҴڼҵѪȻãȡ
ĬBЩ⣬ʵۿܻΪǻѪ񶨣ôû뵽Ȼôˡ
ҹϧûС
ǡȡɣСҲŮ𣿡
š
ʵ۴˼һ˵գţİһйĴ
ĬBеֱܳС˵ֱ֣Сߵ֣ҲС
ллүүҹϧ˵һ䡣
Сǰʵ۵ͷϹС߷Ӧе䵭ҪĬBһѣǶлҲڲԸиˡ
ʣ̫ʦδҹϧͻȻһ䡣
ʵɫĮ֪һ׷ʡ
ԥһ˵̫ʦҴԪĹѸȾûˣ߰ɡ
ԣҹϧֱתϵĬBſڡ
ˡ
ĬBʱΣʵ۵ɫˣô˦ɫĺ
ĺÿᰡ
ʵЧѾﵽˣȻǹģǰǸȷʵ̫ʦٿɱĬBҲԩ˼ҡ
̫ʦɣֱǷˣ;ƿݣܳŶá
ˣʵҲ
ʵۿ̫ʦĹϲƽϣӣҹϧ˵ʵҲ´ҹϧºʲôǰŻصŹʹŸλСҪΪֺôҹϧ
ʺǱҲ˸ĬBкȰŵ㴾ҹϧɡ
̫ʦٿؿϮڻʵ֮ǰ̵Ҳ̫ʦͷϣСô̫ʦҲǻãҲõ˸еĳͷҪǴҹϧʲôʱĲˡ
ôһ֣ҹϧĽҲˣ鷿˵ʲôĬBŴš
治ˣĵҹϧûκβãƹеһ䡣
ˣҼСôκˣ˵̫ʦǱ߲ҪȥҲˣȻŪͷϣ㣬Ҳ˼졣ĬBֱԵ


62 
ҹϧͷû, ̫ʦͶǱ߻ҵǰ׼
һҲ, ĬBӦת뿪, ҲҴ, ȥҲҴ, õ뵽Ļشˡ

˷ţֽڴ¼ҵϡ
ڷ, ڷţİ, ҶˣԵõʵ۵ϿҲǴϲһ
С˻ûó, ŮǶڲʲôСǣŮǰϤױƯ·һ, һ, ߹ʶʱ¶ˡ
С߲, ֮ǰǾ͵һ·סϰ, °βͿԲ, ˻·Ư˺üΣСķ緶
ϾҪ꣬ĬBҲȥЩ߰, ̫ʦǳɲˣڶǱ߾ôҹϧȥԸ
˵ǸǱʲôЧʰɲһ仰缧֮ǰɱ˵ʱѾ˼ǵĸɻ˵ҪǿǣôüȥҲûϢ׼ˣ
缧εʼ˵˼˼ϣҲæŹˣɡ
ĬBв۵ĲҪҪģɱָɱͷͷæŹꣿҲˡ
ɣҪĲ˾Ͱתˣܶ˶ҹ˺
缧ϵЦ⽩˽ֻӦǡ
ٽĬBûгȥӵ飬˰˺С˳ӶˣƻؼҵĻؼңصأæżǵ鲻ˡ
ÿΪ¼ҵĺŪһþƺò˼¼ҵڣֹű֮ÿ춼ṩֻЩûһˡ
μŪһĬBһ޺ʮӹģŵӵķݲ١
ȻڹУʮһ죬ʱ޺ʮһˣæµ飬ɫһڣϾƣλڷ׷ڸϳԲ˺Ⱦơ
¾ݻôӣоʲô˵ɺ·ɺɫôã˦ɫǣǡᡣ
ĬBףλڲʹԭǺǵˣŮô죿
ʲôˣʲôʱڽ̵һ£ǺӡĬBվԱ߿˵һ䡣
ԤУ·ɺ̧Ŀ
һ޹˵ǶʲôܵģԿͺˣûˣڶ˵̶ȤҲûָңŵӹŵӣĸӺôҵѪҲ¼ҵĺӣӦѧϰЩħ
ⷬ˵оݡ
λûзء
ɣԣм
ʲô
׼¼ֱϵ˵ݻŵӵѧϰ
ĬBɫһǸص㣬ǰߺͺ߲̫ˣźӵ»Ǵڡ
ЩεŤͷ˫۱ؿǵĴҹϧüͷЩ⡣
ĸӣҪһ̽Եҹϧ
ŶҹϧȻˡɣǱӦûûôף㻹лıǵϡ
ĬB˵˹鴾ڼңС߹¼ҡСߵȽϷ¼ҡ
ҹϧ飬ĸӶ¼Ҳ˵֣ӾΪ¼Ҷھ͵ôڼҽּ
̬
ٿλûôˣǻСûѡȨĬBֱǵ
Ǳһȥ֪С߾ҲдڼҵѪеĴ٣⡭˵ҹϧ˵
ҲǺںЩ֡ĬBν˵
á
صûͳɣ˵ص㡣
ǶðˣĬBæÊѺǶǶںԺЩˣ
һԺӣڷ׷ǰڴ𾪵Ŀ¡ˣ
С˶㿪¾ݵĹգڰպǲĿ±ߣĿЩͰ͵ĿĬBԡ
ĬBΣֻһЦ
߻º͵ģһ߾ˡ
ϾҪֵ¼µģɺ·ɺȻȲСߣ˼С߲ĻͷţԺӶɭɭΧСɱڣƷƵضǣ׷׷ϸϴĲɿ
㣬ˣĬBŵĺһ䡣
޿ڰްʦзִ硣
¾ǱȻģɺ·ɺλŰھͲ˵ټбСߣǻùˡ
λںСѾԺȥˣǺԾĻرܣĬB߶ԶĶݶƷˣըˣǽˡ
ĬBЩͰ͵Ŀҹϧϣʲôȴ˵סĵطƽ˾ͳɡ
˵ʲô
Ŷ
Զս̫ңҲΪֻܰעзСϣ¾ЦеƮȥ׷ǲţž㤵׷˻档
ʵС˻СǶܸӦǵϢ¼ҵˣԼһѪϢǶϵõġ
¾Ҳûжɱ⣬͸ƤĳȥСһټС黹ã˫ûܼҵìܡ
СƢãɺ·ɺϹŰ壬ֶڲǰ¼Сߵʵ˫һϾ͸ɲһһ˲ǡ
㣬ûµģʦǲŲ˵ءʮ˵ʵһҲãҲ֪ǵʵж١
ĬBҶã̫ˣ㲻ðˡ
ҹǮ¡һ䡣
Ǯ
ǣǼȻͲˡ
աţкóԵĶȥ
ĬBһֻܵķڿһʼӶǼһ¾ݣɫһ䣬С˽֮ǰһԺȻͷһЦ
С˻ûлûΣ̬ǲʺڵܣ¾ҲǾղŵѾǵ˼֣ĬBվԺҲ󶯸ɸꡣ
ʵ֤ȷʵСݶϣĿ¾Եúܲ
ˡ
ԱӰ͵Χһʱ飬䱻ץһ¡
ҵ塣ձܿԼտյ龽ȡ
Сǹˣһл¾ݵ壬Ǹɪơ
ˣĬBֻĬĬĵΪ¾㡣
ɺ·ɺ׷˹С쳯ɫλ㿪
̾ȻôĬĽˡ
ôĬBҲûϵò˵治һ˫ڰ׵зģ
ҲɵƯ
֮ûٳ֣ǾһͷӶ˵˻Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
¾СİŤβεҹϧǰеݸ
ҹϧЩ⣬ʶʣʲô


63 
İָָĬB, ¼ҵһεݸ
ĬB壬һǸҹϧԵ, һ¼ұ־塣
ҹϧʱ, ɵЦ˵ڵе, ܸBһ, ͷðBŪһԵģ鲻С
İЩź, ԴԼе壬Ѱ˼Ҫô
ҹϧȥóԵġ
СһкóԶϲ, ǺĺӣֱֻӾֱҪˤˡ
ˤ¾ɫźһ䡣
İĶһ٣Ťͷüơ
ĬBһ˵İ, ԺҪһѧ£¼ҵˤãǱ
⻰İˣĬB˵ĻԸ, , ˳ư, Ȼֱ塣
ǸСֱתת, ¾Ķ, һСľͷˡ
ˣϷˡźӿİ۵׺ϲá
ĬBҲ΢˿˼һʾСͨǵĿˡ
ڣЩ˵ǰͷ, İѧϰ¼ҵĳħΪڤߣָͨʺ¼ңӿɲãպ̵ⲻ˳ԿͷǰԤ롣
ν˵ѹסǻ㣬ǺĻ
һ˵ҿɲˣҵ׬Ǯռأɱ˷ŻҲܡ
ɵ۹һûûεӡ
ˣǸô̾ộԸԸѧͿǵ˼ˣƷֵĺӣǾҲÿ˼ԸԸṇ̀ܽԵԵ·ɺε˵
ûпĬˡ
ǡҵľأ¾ݿص̳Ƭʱʹļס
ԣҹϧŤͷԱߵŮһµƳҵԺҲʰɾһϺõĹƷ׼׵޵㣬ǼԳԺȺȡ
С֮󣬼
С˶ݶĿţСıĬBߣĴҹϧɫ֡
ܺ𣿡ĬBİԴϵһ䣬⺢һֱ˦š
İͣ¶ĬBɵĵͷȻָָԼ塣
ĬBЦǵеģ¼ҵĺÿ˶Լһ壬ǵǻ׼ãڵģСĵ㲻ˣ湻˾ͻȥ
ȰĿ⣬İû˿˵ʲôʲôͷӦ
˻һ£ӣС³ӣ¾̧Сһ˦Ͷȥˣæֽס
⺢ӣƤ¾ǳЦǳ硣

ǶԹȹˣǰѶһµһѾѹãֵǼһԻ
ʵ칬Ҳ磬ֻʮӻйʦ磬ɺ¼ҵڣʵвҲ׼ˡ
ڻ˹űϢһһԻ̻𣬺үҲɫһڵʱͣѩԺԳԺȺȱ໶졣
ռеѾ˺ܶ࣬÷Ҷе㵣ǣĬBնɱһЩĻȻˣصĽԵʹ졣
ĬBڴҹϧߣԵͣҲȺշ졣
Ժÿ궼ôһòãЩŴҹϧ˵
ҹϧɫῴӦá
ǵһγʳĲˣڳպϵţʱ磬ʦͨѧÿȻθں˵ĳ⣡
ûεС˾ЩˣĬBʱʱŪǳԣżʮҲһǣԵıˡ
̻꣬һ޺ʮӻ˹ĬBʹҹϧźһꡣ
µһǻӺðɣվ£źԺѩĬBסҹϧɵøпһ䡣
ţһЩһﶼɾл˵㡣ҹϧڻУ۵һļ
ĬBЦͷӴչȥһڡ
˵㼪Ļ
ףˣճΪԪеŮˡ
ۡ
ŴҹϧһףûסЦ
أ
ҾǸŮ˱Ůˡ
黰еɣĬBĻϲҲҪ׬ܶܶǮҹϧϵλ
ҵȥæСջˡ³һСջҵû
֪ˣԼСӣ۵ˡ
ţҲǡ
һһ죬Ǿӭ£עֵһϡ
ȫžۣЦꡣ
޼ҿɹ飬ֻڽֽͷ貵̻𣬹¼űʹ֮Ƕϣ
꣬˻ϲ˱ڶ죬һʹ̫ʦȥϢûаꡣ
ĬBڳŵʱ½Ȼе֪Ϣипһ£ųǰСջ
вԱУûʲô˵ġ
·ҹ˵ʱЩĿʮӣ⺢عʺһ꣬컹ûҹˣߵĬB
ǰСջҪ·ҹˡ
һǰСջСջĻǴӴԺǱģҲЩģϸѵСջľӪģʽѾˡ
СջǰڵӴͨΪСӴһʵҲ¥ȥƵķջԳķ乲ʮ䡣
зʲô÷գﶬ򵥵յĶУССķĴ̣װܰʡ
Ϲأµ꿪ţϵ궼æ棬齱
һ죬˼ĿˣڰһµĶУ٣е壬ѯʵ˾Ͷˣһӿü䡣
ҲǰСջڽ쿪ҵԭ򣬴ݣŴİɲִĹ궼Ϊ񣬺ܶһݶһ꣬ݶϹҹͳˣЩŴ󻧿ͷ಻⣬Ѱռô䷿䣬˶˾ס£СջĴǰæֵЩˡ
ʵĬBҲ̫ģϾõ鲻һҲôãһֱڣǰ󹲳ķﵽʮ䣬ܲ
Сջķ۱һĿջˣҪǶסÿ춼ܱһ㣬ԪͶһʱûҵŵûôǮסջ˴洦
ܳĳ⣬ûһ׬СǮҲԣʳסǶմˡ
ΪСջʶȣĬBڿջסˣλҹƴ͵ȡ
Уãʣܲ
ûƸĹ͸ˣڶᱳʹ
ڴҹϧȤĿ£ĬBƵĴ𴲡
ˡͻȻ𱡷е㼱
ҹϧü£
ʮʧˣŹѰʮӣʮӣʮͻȥˣǱߵĻʮûлع


64 
пһ¡
ҹϧ´, ˿ʰ߳䡣
ع·϶𣿡ĬBɫǵʵ
㣺Ѿȥңʮȷʵûлع, ȥﲻ˵
겻ܵԸ, ̽Ǳʲôҹϧɫ
ȥϵ, ĿǰûϢӦ
ĬBĬĬ, ҹϧ˼
̫ʦʮȥʮ³һʧ, ɻ⣿
ʮӸߵĺܽ׵ܵ, ЩһΪͬһսߵġȻȷʵͬһսߵģڻλʮȫûн룬ֻǹܹˡ
ҪʮӵʧǷ˱, ˡ
ĬBɵż
ôɵҲ£ĬB缧ɱһѰң缧ȴĿ¥ΧԣʮߵǸСѾˡ
ĬBĿô֪ģ
缧ɫЩ΢, ڵʮͷ, ߵСǶʶ, ǵ³﷢ǸСӵʬ, Ͼʮӵ, ʮָϵãǾ˳һ¡
ͻȻסĬBˣôͲһ˵ʲôӰ
缧Ŀǰ鱨ûз벻˵Կ϶ʮӱ°ˡ
ⲻǷϻ
һֱɫĴҹϧ˵ʱ, ԷпǳģϢ㣬֪ͨȥ³ңҶˡ
㣺ǣ
᲻ǼʮӴŻٲƣĬB̽Եһ䡣ȻСڱʮӵʱɱˣ
ҹϧԥĻصʱϰ¼ҵĳħΪܸߣһĽٷ˻ûǸ£ǸСΪߣֻΪǸϸĻչˣǰӲ߶Ǹչˡ
ڰȫûпǣʮףǰҲԻλȤûԼ߾ͼӺžϲһӡ
˭Ԥϲ˻º͵ʮ֡
⻹ڻʳ֮У
ǸСӵʬһ󣬹ǱҲ֪ʮʧˣӽ°߻ӣʵ۴ŭỳɷǻīǹ˸ɵġ
ĬBȻΪǹ˸ɵģʣµľǷī
īɲͣպǵعʮӾ˳°ˡ
ô°ǵʣʮӵĴ⣬ھǵȶԷϵ
ȴԶ尾ġ
ǹǹǱߣŷɳȥѰңͷ޴֡
ɱɳʮСջϢҹȥÿζ³С־ͶϢҲǷСʬƬӣͺʮƾʧˡ
Է˴󣬰ʮôߣޱҲû취
СջҲǷӣĬBҹϧͻ˹
BڸϲҪ뿪һȥꡣҹϧ̧ɫ˵ࡣ
ԷĿԼĬBնһֱһ𣬾ԷҲûлᣬ˿Ҫֿò衣
ĬBصͷ֪ˣҾʹڸﲻȥԼСġ
һġҹϧͷһǣת
ĬBĿ뿪˵ԸʮӰȻ
ת͵ʲôͷԹű˵ң֪ͨڣ˵ʮ䲻ʮ¼ҵ壬һҵ
ʵҲָܸʾĬBðգ뵽ʱûȳԼȥ
ű΢΢ºڻӦ
Ӱһ¾ˣѵһɫء
ǻ治ʡġ
ĬBŬŬ첻֪˵ʲôȷʵʡġ
λѾȥˣĿǰϢȶûΣա
⻰ʶ˿˵ͷˡ
׻ͲҪˣԼֵܡ¾ѵ
š
Ӧò£ȥޡ
ĬBһס
ڣܲܰҴʦ֣
ʲô
мӴҹϧ
¾ݲĿΪΣǸǼٵģ
ĬBˣæ˵ǣǾԷ°ʮǳŴҹϧģһϵֻǰʲôģǹʦ´жŴҹϧҲǱౣص淢飬޿ʱڸ߻ʵۡ
¾˼˼ͷУһѻ˵Ӱһɢʧˡ
ĬBصӣѺǶһ𱣻ĬBļơ
ϾںǶݵġˡҲǰסĬBܵܲռоͲţţҲܸҹϧ¸顣
ںĬB͊ţʱַĹȥһֱԺӵĻѩֺһ㣬㴫Ϣ˵°ʮӵ˸ϵˣҪֻǰˮ
 ע ΢       
ȻǳŴҹϧģ
ĬBʶܳ䣬ס
ǷīܳȥԷйжȫѹˡ̬ǿӲ
ĬBüͷĬĬ˵ȥʹҴʦ֣ҰѷҶٻҹȥ缧š
ԥ·ŵֱۣӦǡ
˶֪谮ԼѱЩ˲Ŵҹϧ뿪ʱ͵ϮԴӽЩ뿪ˣҪðֿú˿ɱεĶΣˡ
ôϢϴҹϧһȥԼΣأľҲȥȥﷴǸӰȫˣܲڹͶְɣ
˵жжĬBѺռУ÷ҶǰʹɫѾˣҶӴںڰеҲΥ͡
˹ſڣ÷Ҷռ䣬빬ֱʦ
СͯĬBһУټյĴƯ˸ɫ󷨣ĸ̨ȴţҲҴš
СͯԱߵ԰ڷβ㣬Ϣ˳ȥ
缧ⲻýоޣӵȴ
žЩˣЩɫŹâҲɢ˲ٿֲķΧ
һ˫˵Ѿǰˮ򣬴ԪǵˮԹٶʱԵ
Ǳ߲ǰҹˡʱĸСʱѾʱ2100-2259ˣǱ߲ǰҹ
ҵļһֱ͵͵Źڲȷ°ʮӵ˭
̨ĬBߵ
Ѿѹǰˮ֪˱£˵ݾ߹߲Ҫɱвľԣʱ̶Źжʱñ¿Ǳߵİɣ˼ףֻҪԷ¶ұ֤ѻ|Ÿ¿
ͷǲģе㵣ĴҹϧԷžǳ϶˺֡
ˮʲôʵطû˵
Ϊ𣺡ˮٽߵһһͨȫӵİնǿΪһЩˮϰˣҴİվȥĵطıˮ˻ķϡ˵ѾˮϢء
ԣĬBˣԷٿЩˮԸɣ
ųĿܣԷѹǸطˮ˺
˫ֽճȭɫ
˵ȻԷѹˮ򣬱ʾǸطԶԷֶλܰѹΣֻˮͺðˣ˲ľóʲôİΣɲصǣĲֹһҲг˲ľ
ʵİΣĻĻ֮˻᲻Сʦã˭Ļɸһ㣿
˵ǲ¶ۼһ
ĬBҡҡͷ˵ɵ˲Ƿ˾īǱ̫ࡣΪ̫ʦӺ̫ʦΪɣӦòڹϱɣ
ǰ̫ʦȥŹߵʮӱ°ߣôĻˡ
Ҫ߼޻Ŀʲô
ϸһҲûпܣһ˫ĵ˰ʮ°ߣԷ˻Ƕµأֻ˭оĿеС
˼ûлӦ˭ȵҹϧˮ֪֮ˡ
Ҳֻܵȡ
λʦѾǰˮ򣬾ǱܲҲѹʮӴ̫ġ޿岻ɫһ䡣
ԣĬB񾭻һ£ˡ
ʱʱ̫尾Ϊ˲Լ̫ĬBֻñ۴ռüˣͲûаֵĶһ顣
һֱ޿˵ˮˣ


65 
Ȼ˫, ʣܿǱߵĻ𣿡
̧һӣǰİճֺü, ߻谵, ֻܿӰ
ĬBһͷߵĿͲ취Ū㣿
û˵ֲڰ, ϺڵϹܿӰѾܲ, ٿǴ˿Խ⿴
ĬBס, еĻһĻ֪Ǵҹϧ, Ϊɢ⣬ǹâѴҹϧӰյüֻ֣ǼԶԶļ, ˮеʱ
ʦ֣ųȥټ񣿡һ䡣
һǧֻ·˲٣Ŀǰˮֻҡ
Σǡĺÿ졣
ּ֪Լ, ĴָС, ɫ, ܵĻܺõԼ, Ϊ΢, ǺˣȻѱ֡
ֻ㹻ˮ٣Լ۾õط޶, Ŀ֮Ļ涼ȫҪͨ
ĬBſЩʱѾˮ˽߰˰ˡ
ҹϧˮһֱѾɺԵĳӷɵͷˮľͷǴ󺣣ҹеĴʲô壬ֻܿ弸Ĩ˻Լ˵
Ȼڰգҹϧ¿˿֮ôվϵȴš
ʲô𣿡ĬBʡ
е㣬Щ˳λÿľѾȴ
ҵʮ𣿡
ʮӲˮС
˵ʲôĬB㵵Ŀ
޿ٴ˵ʮӲˮУʦҲûˮȥǰ·˵ȥ෴ķ򡣡
ʮӰѴҹϧȰɱ֮ɱʮӣҧгݣǷŭ
˵ʮʧٵƬȥôʮӴˣǱ߲ϢܻӣоǳֺüˣڸҲд򶷵ĺۼ޶˶˵ˮĿǹȻûֿʵץʮʲôʮѣڶǾͽʮʧٵҪЮҹϧ
ĬBɷϣ˵Ҫ˵вҹϧҾұʮӶɱ
ǰҪԹ֣ΪʲôȸʱץҪЮ˵꣬Ŀ
ЩƣѵԷҪĿʮӣʧ֮˳ƶԴҹϧ֣˳ģ
̫ˣҪ֪ˮʯҲֻĻ֪֮
ˮĴҹϧںߵ˺һĬB߾ıӰһ
ֱƽһٺɫԲ£Բ˶ֹܵɫˮˣеʱһĿȻ
ֹɫôǴȻĴ޿ֺüͷ
֣ȷѪڽҹ
ĬB㶣˼ˣŵʣʲô𣿡
ޣһٻٻǺ£ǸٻֻˮĵطʹãˮԽЧԽãغ³ֵĵطѪɺӣԲĻ
žëȻˮٻǳŴҹϧȥġ
Уҹϧźϵĺüͷ壬˵ˮ浴һӰӺ֮гѹѹһƬ
ҹϧڣڰ·ī˶ˣΪ׵ľȻ巡
ҹϧԤϣҲû̫ı仯
أһ䡣
ЦײϵĴȻҲԼĵܵܣˣҲ֪
ҹϧ˫΢
ץţҪЮǵĻʵ۱£·˾ˣҪһҾһ˵ϣû뵽ˡ⡣
ԣҹϧ˿겻ͺðˣƣȻô󶯸ɸꡣ
Сɱģ
ԣɱģԶֵġ
֪ˣȥˡҹϧɱһӿеѩٷ˹ȥ˷׷УѪģֻ֮ʣָ˶ܿҲѩ˼˿ڡ
ôᡭ巾㵵ĿŴҹϧ֪ķȴ֪ϵġ
ǣصĻšǹЦһĨ˷ըҹϧҹܹȻҾԻĿҴдôī̫֮λδһ֮ĸĪˣ
ҹϧ³һ֡
˳ˮ򣬻һǿĽ绤ˮ򣬰ѴҹϧЩС
ĬBĺݺһӣ
ޣ
漰޻˵˶٣ʣʲôʱ˱ϵ
ûУɭֵ޽Լ˶ѣʹõ
һͣҲУ
ĬBķӦ˵ɭֲȻģŹĴ֪
ֲ֮ǰźɭһҹ֮ʧԭô¡
Ȼˡ
ȻˣǾûʲôµˡ
巰ˮý绤ľ룬ӴǱȻҲܽɽ򣬵˿̱ȺռݣҲúúնɱһ١
Ʋǧ謺ԥȵһСӵţ˽
ʮˣ˶ǧ謽ˮдնȺѪ˲Ⱦ˺棬ѪζŨҳ졣
ҹϧ߿ѾԼΧĿӿĵһ̧꣬һӣѩŰһӾͽü
ţĺ쳹ӣеȺڹը˹һڡ
Ⱥң̫࣬ѩĹѾɱҹϧһһɺӡ
̼䣬ܵʱ⻺˪ᣬΪģӶѩǣЩȺ
統ĺɭ֣ӶɰããһƬΪѷҹ֮С
һ˲ѽеķǣҲɲǱɭɣѩһƬĺˮвˮ߲ľԡѪսɱ
ŻѪܵҹϧвֻǿһ̧ۣͰ˶ĺϡ
ǧڣˡ
Ӧ¹֣ӴӰźֺ¡
ʣµǽ
ľˣǣ
ҹϧתڣһһ°ɱһѪȵɱŰʼ
һôϣõĵȴţȴŮǱĳЩʤ
£ǡ˼Ŀˮķ򾪺һ䡣
ɫ΢䣬̧ͷȥԭںҹ΢΢ӿ׹Ľ˿̺˲䱻ס꼸ѻΪ쾧ӨƬɢ
ӰһǸŮˣЩϵ¡
Ǳ̬Цݡ
ҹϧⲻҿϵŮˣ䣬žһĵĴЦ
ĬB߿һôǱ̬ɣ
Ƕȣ͹İҲ̬ˡƮһ䡣
죬Ӱٺϡ
ûУҷǳ֮ĸ飬ҲøлңҰŪصŮˡ
ĬBҭסôùȥˡ
ðɣҺл㡣ĸлһ䡣
Ӧ
ҹϧˮȻȥȡ巵Ĺûкɭֵӳ֣⿿ҹϧܰ£˫֣Ĳ£һֱš
˵ʵǱ֪𣿡ĬBһ䣬ܰѴҹϧôҲûǸͣʱſˡ
޵ͷڹˮʱҾ¿Ӧ鷿Űɡ
أ
ûҵӰһͳˡ
ĬB룬æ˵ҿûжӣܵ˶ϸһѱȫװŶˣԸͨ𣿡
ԡ
Уûж˵
󣬳˿Ŵҹϧֻûжļ񶼿ʼжˮܷǿɵ˶һ顣
͵أһͣһźɫϣ


66 
Ǹ֮ǰ񷴸˺üΡ
ӦǸ, ĬBֻܵóĽۡ
޿Ǹ˳ĬһǸκӡ˶˵ֻǾ, ܱ֤ǡ
ܰǱߵļһЩȥ𣿡ĬBʵ
, ȹ, ЩܰŹȥ, Ҫٲ䡣üͷĿȻ
ĬB˵ù, ųߵ㣬Ȼ巸ӹ, ǲ档
ȷ֮й᣿⹴Ҳÿ̶ȣֶԸıλĺɲһ˵Ѿһֻ񿿽ҹϧ߷һȦ, һƳ֡
Ųľ˽ʣµҲʧâһ˲ָĺڰ, ҧҧв, Ǻԥת뿪
ľ׷ҹϧ¡
س, ʮӲϡ
ǧ謲ʣ, ô׷ˣôȫ԰ѶԷˡ
ҹϧޱ˵, սŪãҪߣīĻʵһἱȫ캮ضڿս, һ¾һ¡
˵ղֻ˵Ū巣ڸ÷ŻȥӼ档
ٶһʱɡ
ǧڹӻع󣬴ҹϧתˮ˼Ƭ˵Ȼ˳ץ㺣ʰɣԱ߸ɾĺ򡣡
˲죬ͻˣȥ԰ɡ
ڵϹ䲻ͱι˹һƣĬĬȥԱ߸ɾĺץʡ
ҹϧ뿪ɽ󣬼ͲˣȫǱߣʮȫλء
Ǳ뿪ֱȥٽһڴӺ󷽵иǸοƶӵĶ
ҲǽôԶͷ
Χԣ˭ûп˵ֻܴԼϵƣԷҲǰţһֱȵ˿ڡ
ôʱȻûɱҹϧͳźܶ಻˿ˡ
ϤĬBһĴȣģ׵ĶӰ
ʵӦӵɣ
ޣûԼӵװɵҲû취
ĬBֻڴñժ
Լ·ЦôɱԼôɱҲû˵˱
Էû˵ʲôİС
յˣְ̧ϵĶˣϢŵļһдľͷӵɼ
ߣĬBֵĹЦ
üʣ֮ʲô㣿
ûлش⣬ǷͷǵҶȥɱ
˵ҪʬΣңӲõĿ
ɫȻǵã˭ǸŮ˹ǵھ˿ϧˡ
Ӷʱ裺ĪǷˣ
ڵڣֻǾɱ˹ֿϧģǲϷ
ʲô
鸡ֹЦݣǸץˣôҹϧȥıλ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ûп
巣ǼҵĻʵ۰ôˣҹϧ𣿡
˫һǲɵùЦ⡣
⻹˵
Ǿһɣָ棬ȴҹϧʹǻʵܾ˵ʱճʱĻλңõҪģʱҵϻλѺദ巺¶ȵЦš
Ӵ𣬲˵ʾĬˡ
˼ϣ֮Ҳû˵ʲôӴö뿪ˣֿ
ص»ʵ۵˼費Ҫʵ۱ʾҪˡ
ٻؼߵĬB˵¶ӻعʵۻ᲻ʣ
˵˵̫ʦʬδҪǶӶˣһɵ϶ȲסҪҲڹϣҾûʵۻȻʥѲ⣬֪ʵۻô
ĿѾﵽˣͳӸй̫ӹѾûʵ˸ңҪȻûʵ۵ҹϧսڻĲҪҪġ
ûӦĬĻһ̶ʵϣϻλ𣿡
ĬB΢΢һЦеУҪǰ϶ֱԻش𣬲¼ҵˣԼˡ
ûش𣬶Ƿʣǹʦδ֪Ԫδķ϶֪ҹϧûǸͬ
ʵ𣿡
롣
Ե޷ֻ֣һ֮䡣˵˴̨ϴС㲻ҵԤǷ׼ȷ
ĬBε¼Ե޷ֻ֣ڴҹϧһ֮䣬ʾԵλԼҪԵ޷֡
εȵʱ֪ˡ
ĬBûͷҹϧǲЩȵ󿴿ǷӦ顣
Ϊʮӻδҵû뿪ڴУ˾ʹ
ҹϧǱΣʮǱȥˣΣյĿҲȽϵͣĿˡ
Ժ˯˵ڶ죬ڴůȻ϶ð
ŹǷϣ޻ڴСͯŽ˯ʵʣʲô
СͯŲĿʣָʲô
ʵۺͶǱߵĶ
СͯصһټӣԿīľӣپӣЩͳҲûʲôˡ
ĬBе⣬İŵǷϻʵ۵ķ񣬼ȻӺйᣬǾսһиߡ
ʮӻ𣿡ʡ
СͯҡҡͷʱûϢ
У֪ˡ
ǣСͯˡ
ĬBϣƵĳţȵˣ˫˵ʦǻˡ
վܵſڣӰˣϲĺڣ
¾ݳ΢΢һЦһˣ龪һ
˵꣬˳ȥĬBϺʣô£أ
ɣѾԼ޵Ϣ
·ɺףǰعʱһȺЮƴƬСӣ·ôߣֻϧСΪ˻ɱˡ
¾ݣòƶԷǹ̫ӣײ˳־һѡ
λһһİ齲
ĬB£̫ӣعǸСԻ
ͻȻع־ȴĿˣоգֻϧǸСӡ
Ҳ̫ôתˡ
ˣȥ鷿ſڳĬB˵һ䡣
ĬBԥתܳʦʦ鷿кһε·̣ܵ鷿ʱ򣬴ҹϧѾ㱨߳鷿
һҹδߣҹϧЩƣڿԼİ֮һϲĳԼܹʱ˵ƣһɨ⣬ſ˫۱ס˹ĬB
ûˣ𣿡ĬBЦ֪ʡ
з˵ûˣǷ˵㣬ץ˵㺣ʡ
Ҹʴ͡
á
ĬB̽ԵʣҪ뿪֮ǰȥʮǱתһ£
ҹϧͷûоܾǰʮӵĹ
֪ʮӻϢʺӶϹ
ʮӿĬB˺˵˵㣬ұ̫թˡίĲˡ
թʺɫ
ĬBЦæ˵ĸĪҪŭʵġûˣͰѹعݺ˻ӵ˵ˣҲ˼˼Ľֵġ
ԣʺӲ죬˿¹īΧԪ
ȻûҪս˼ҲϸѯĬBô˼̫ʶģ֮ǰĻ͹ȥˡ
Ҳ²£ǸԻò֪ҹ˵ĹթһЩڳԵ飿ĬBЦʮӡ
ͷع̫˵ңҪҹפҪϻ
ĬBû̫⣬оܹع
԰ͷչǹǮҲ׬һ׬ڡ
ţһж㰲šͷӦ
ôúú˯һӹеĲһ㡣
ҹϧӦ͵ЩͲҪЩˣȻһĿ겻㣬ѱִ˲֡
ʮŬŬ죬ɫĴͷԲ鷳ˡ
鷳Ȼô˵е㲻ȫʧ٣ȻɲôˡĬBļο̧ͷãȻĿ
΢Цûµģ鷢չĺܺãҲ㰲ȻľͲҪˣںúϢϢȻУǱһţҪæʱһẰ㣬ڴ֮ǰ㰲С
Ҳ̫࣬вΪûãǲܹʣʦֿŬˣɵüͣ¼ҵĳħǴˡ
ʮ̲ס¶ЦݣͷǣŬģ
ԡ̲ס˵һ
ƴҹϧˣֱתˡ
ϵ㡣
ĬBӦſûӰˡ
꣬ЪϢⷬ˶ˣͷĸŷ㲹͹ʺϧ˵
лĸ󡣡
ʺҲûжعˡ
ˣҲˣúϢĬBҲ׼ˡ
˼͸Ȼ˵ǡһǰһ뿪ˡ
˵Щʲôֱӿѯʡ
ĬBǰͷĵĻصҲû£̶Σ
ºһЦ࿿Я׬˲١
Ǻܺð
ȻûȻˣӻΪҪ˵ʲôأֻѯ̶ӵ飬һûһ˵ߵſڡ
ĬB͵طӦҪ𣿡
ӣûУͽ㡣
ЦԼҵߴҹϧѾ˯ˣӳߵӻӻ̧֣͡
㣬ݵĬBҹϧߣ˫۱ס
ҹϧ˶۾ûӦšֱȴǰڻС
ˣϵ΢ЩȵѾǼʱ飬ҹϧ˯һ״̬˲١
ǿɲǵһҹû˯ץʲ۲Ź֡
صҹϧȥԡ£ĬBԺʴͣΪѩص˴һﵲѩ
򿪴ҹϧǸռ䣬ȫǺʣӴĺЩţŮ˸òЩְɣ
ֺʷСѵĶѷһ𣬶Ҹͷܴһҹϧټһľһҹ֮ôܴء
̫࣬ĬBԼʵ궼ü¡
ʵռеˮѾ˲ٺʣֻæûʱԶѣȱʳԡ
ĹصظץģȻһʣĶ꣬ţֺЩԣԳԵů
࣬ʻըһЩȵҹϧԡϳԿˡ
ΪһҹûгԶȺ˵֮࣬ķſ˳ԡ
֮ǱûʲôøƹҲñȥٲ½ȻҲʹȥͻȻҹϧôһ䡣
ĬBһ㶣ʶʣΪʲô
Էһ巼ȻʮԻĿ׼㣬ʮѾһΣ֣ҲᣬǱҲᾯ豣ʮӣҪ֪вֻˡ˵ῴһۡ
ĬB麬Ц˵ʲôʲôġ
ҹϧʱһᣬ˵ǲŲżȥһû£пҲһȥ
ţ֪ġ
֮û˵ʲôͷԶ
Ա㣬ĬBҹϧ˯
ůıУһ˯ⶼûУűҲ֪˯ûеĴҹϧ˵˯𣿡
ûСҹϧһ䡣
ĬBЦ˵ӹЩҪ֪𣿡
ҹϧ˫۵Ц⣺֪ˣмһܿġ


67 
һڴȴǼĵ顣
ȥ̸, νĺ̸޷Ǿӵʱ䣬ԷǺīһ֡
ԣĬBЦǸò, ߹, İɣǸع̫ӾԻ̸ǿ̸һ̸פ顣
ǹµ, ҪǴԪҪǿսǹ̸ˡ
⿪ս, Ҳͬߵ, ôҹϧȥͨ档
ǸعС, Ҳϲʳ, ̫֮λȻй֮, ҪɱˡҹϧıӾ
ĬBΪȻֲ̫֮λ, ֻǸȡĽװˡ
˶٣ʣҹϧŮۣǸһǿٻػһͳ£
ҹϧ˼κ˵Ҳ֪ŮٸĴ𰸡
Ц
֤ⷬʵ˴ҹϧҪǵλľġ
ʼͷ飬оգҲдջ񣬻ǲġ
, , ҹϧҲǰ̸УĪ
İԽӵʦ, ֮һҪڹʦѧϰ¼ҵĳħպͷǴڹ, ʵ۵ʥּ£ǴڼҵСˡ
ֻǻδûΣİߣĬBͰռȫιշųԣֻ˰Ҳûб仯ͷûг
ǵʲôʱܻûأԺбıֻˣĬB̨һΡ
ǰë׵СԴϣĸо̲סЦ
ˣԣҪҪȥһȦһʣõֻС˿ĵͬ⡣
ðɣǷҹˡ
ĬBȥСθҪǷɿ˾ͻڿµȴҹ˺ᳵ·ıĽˣߵ˺һپţ׷
ŷŻǺϲеġ
ĬBڰ֣Ҹæȥˡ
С˸սӣ缧˵ǸϢˡ
ĬBüǵ¶ˡ
缧Ц˵ȻС£ǸҲǾ˼ǵġ
Уô˵
ɱԸΪЧ͡缧ĵϥ¹һ䡣
䲻һĬBеĲ豭ŵĵ¡
ʲô֮ǰ˵̵飬̵أ
缧̧ͷ˵̵Űţ˼ǽǵĴˣ֮ǰĻ˵Ƕˡ
ĬB
ŵ̫ͻȻˣ˵õĹ°һأôˣ
Ҳá
ȷǸǴʲô⣿
Ȼᡣ
ĬBͷаɣǰһ¡
ǡ缧վ˵Աߺˡ
֮ǰ˵˰ǼӸʳӸɱָֻû˼Ҹôˡ
ĬBʳ̵װͼ˻ǰ̨߳һͻˣͼ缧缧һ˸졣
ɱһ޷ǰԼԴڿ׬ǮʱᶪС޷ǾΪһǮȻԸҪĲƸǸǵģǸ˼ôҲһȷľ
ķΧѾʧӶ½ˣҹ˵ҲӪҵһȻǸ˳һ¼ҵʳ̡
ΪռеѾ˲٣ˮ㶼ˣǱѾӽʳˣֿ㺣Ҳ˲˵У¿;ɿֻһѡ
ʳ̿ʳʵ⣬ǻļѼţⶼʳϡ
С˳רأʳ̾רʳ
СС͸ˣҲ⼸ĬBɱѵһ£±ζôţţˣʲô̶ȾͿǵ츳ˣ缧Ҳʳ̵Ҫ£ÿ춼ܴĬBʳġ
ȵʳ̻ȿźгϰпڸˣʵʳʵݵļ۸Щ̯ϰҵصЩⶼռģȾ顣
ʳĬBͲעÿ¸Ǳ߶ᰲţӶ໥ġ
гӴ¾Ѱ˼Ǳˡ
º󣬴ҹϧд˵̫ӼˣԤϵǻһھҹˣ˵عĲŴҹϧӦͲûжŪˣԼֻƽ͸˼ҳԻ̫ڹֵ飬ϣ̸ͳɹ˱ˣԸѺùϵ
ȵҹϧůһ㡣
ŶûˣĬBֱӹȥܱǵϲš
Һ㡣
ҹϧı˵ţҲ㣬ԺҲֿˣȥĶ㡣
⻹ࡣ
ٸᣬýһˡҹϧЩε˵һȻ˹ʵչ涨ӦȽʥġ
ĬBȻЩķſ˵⼸룬ӱɹȥī֣ɹȥ̸ʵ۲֪ʲôɣ
ᣬ֮ǰûعӴҲûйĸӴʲỳʲôҲһ̽Һ͹ڣӦзִ磬ġҹϧ˵
ˣĬBҲ˵ʲô˵ҵ㡣
áҹϧͷһǣתǰʹ
νĺ̸˫ȡ裬Ѻ˱
ҹϧʵۻ㱨˵ҪҹסǳɣŹع̫ϲʳҪòҲ֮Уʵû˵ʲôϾҹĬBģֻ˵ĬB
ԥʲôȻͬⰡ
ͼһöӽ͵عϣڵԼȥڣʳͨӽ͹ȥ
Ԫ͹̫ԶڻԹȥʱ򣬺ڹع̫֤һлԪߵͬŷġ
ӳµӿȺףĬBӰǵ׼ѹ˺ü£ѹ۲ܶС˳ʲôӰ죬һЩеϰ׷׼ۣ֮ǰĵͼ΢һ㣬˵Ԫڵ׼ûǰôֲˡ
⼸£ҹϧĬBߣ粽ֻ֣á
ֻĬB֪ҹϧڱӳ巼棬ѱǲʲôֻҪûл֣Ҳʲô
һֱȥԪīĸµսϨˣսˣһ˵ĻֱӻӾΧԪǣŷڳ⣬һʱҲ
ʹ鷿˵Ķӣʵѻ
ǺˣǿЦ
ϡ
ôͣȥ˵һ䡣
ҹϧɵüͷ
ʵŭҧгݣ̧ȥû޵̤޹벽
Լ̧񣺡ˡ
ҡҡλγȥıӰĬBЩǣʶסҹϧ֣߻һĨ΢Цʾ
ʵ͵ؿںһ䡣


68 
ʵ۵, ҹϧü
ʵ۳ɫ˵ȫľָӣ˱
ޱ飬Ĭ˼, ǰ񣺡
ĬBǸп, Ǹ˴ҹϧһĻᡣ
ڹбܣСĵ㡣ҹϧԴ˵һ䣬˵Ǿ䡮Сĵ㡯ʱָ
, ֪, Сĵ, İ, Ҫǿ԰æ
á
ҹϧתȥ, İѱȺ̼Ĵ, һ, Ǹæ˳ȥиһҲȥˣĬBȫˡ
ǻᱣҹϧǻᱣǡ
оѾſڣʹʺҴҹڻʵߣʹնѹ
ܻعĶعˣ˸ڻʹĸڡ
鷿е̫ѹ, ĬBЩס, ʺк뿪鷿
ûأһ·巵˶ϾͲ̫, Ȼǻʹȫ㣬ǵСĶ, ֪ĸ˻ǹսܺûʵɴҹϧս
缧ĬBڻʹǰʮӵ޹
Ѿӵ˱ɭϡ
ĬB˸һ·ͨ衣
ʮڿ顣ſ˵һ䣬˵տ˿Աߵ鷿ͷŲһת鷿ȥ
ꡣ߽鷿缧ֹ鷿⡣
ʮһĵվӭӣ㡣
ʱȻ¿鰡ϵ鼮ĬBɵôȤһ䡣
һȣֱ̧һ롯ƣȵڵϺڶ£˵ѾŻʽȥӦˣлʽī˱ǳ飬겻ġ
ĬBЦ֧۳°ͳʣҹϧĻʽ㲻٣ǲҲǸŮˣǿ첻µز¡
ʮһһ˵ʽǽ㣬ߣʽڳſڻʲô˼أ
ܺãԶˡ
Ҿû¸ɣߴʱ䡣һת˵
ǣǻӭġ
ʲô鰡𣿡Щĵܡ
ʮ˹һ⣺֣
ͼ˻֮ġ
ʮӵСʱεĵͷ˵ûУʽý㿴ֶ𣿡
ķӦĬBЦ˵֪û´Ū濴ҾӦòʲôӦҾǱȽϺ洺ͼִ˵еĶ֪Ƿ񻭵Ѫأ
ʮ첻֪Ӧ٩٩
ˣģ㿴飬㿴
šԶĻ⣬˿תصǰ顣
һ飬һٰĵ鷿תţܿ˴ҹϧ鷿˵鷿ĬBǺ档
һߣʶתȥվʮĶɫһ䣬һѽĲϡ
ʱǻںĻȥ
ҧݺݵ΢ЦĶӣЦаޱȣֹסķë
ʮֻǱˣһǳԼġ
òҪҶۣҪ۵Ĳϻһ಻㣬˵أϤд󾪡
巣
𾪹ľһԲԲۣ
巻˻ʹǴҹϧڳ
ҶһϻһʱѪѪɽͲ˵ˡ
Һܺôðʵۺʹҹϧ֮ìܣЦһ£Ѿо鷿ѾһΧҲѹı缧ûа㷴ӦԼŶûעܡ
ô˭֪ð
ʲôӦûĶӵı鵹ǿĺУ𾪣벻֮ļƻ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ˣе˼Ц
ĬBûǿŶ˵ӣƽʱôôʶ֣Դҹϧôͷء
˵ʲôɫ
ߵزȫԼҵģǧ򲻸þǰעȫڴҹϧϣΪʵܸģΪʵ۶ֻΪǴԪΨһĹ
㵽˵ʲô
ҹϧֻĥЩӵʯˣֻԶǻλѡеڶλĪˣǵðˣڻɳīĴÿЦ𣿡
ҧŭ⡣
ô˵ˣ
ǵûУ붼֪Թ壬ԼԼһʽжԾ͵жԣȻ˹ᣬҲһҡĬB˵
һ
ЦСݣֲôҹϧԵת
ĬB˵ûлˣҹϧҵģͲҪлˡŶˣҾͦģһԵˡ
£ûϵ˵ô˵ĻһһǺƿߡ
ˣ߰ɡһս䣬һӡ
ĬBһֻԼǰǰõĴϢ뿪鷿
ƫƧ乬УĬB˫ְʯϡ
ͦ棬ҹϧ׻ΪʲôزԱߵʯ£ڴ
һûпĿⲻĿԶڰյڵ㣬С˸ˣ
ǺֻܽԶԶĸţһȫľ룬һöӺ已ľ룬ղֻǷĬB
˿̶ӽ˹֪ֱǣֻĬBԿǸ
Ŀ⵭һƳջˣС˽ҪǻСֱӾͳˡ
뿴Ӻ巵
ûнڲҪЮжˣ˫ֱҲٻҶɱﵻûԼİΣ
Ӵӹгקߣ龰ɫ䣬ŭĺھףң
иӣһȺһȺûεΣһЩ˰״̬Եģ˿ڿͷϱߵĬBɫлйζʲôһĿȻ
ʲôǲĹôѡ񡣡һ̧һӣճһɱĿܿ춨ڴҹϧϡ
ǱߴҹϧǰҲ˫ֱŵĬBɫʱĬBϵĻ̿ôһ˲ľţͬʱҲע⵽еĴӣʲôԼôſ϶ʲôö
Σ˪³֡
ǹЦ˵ΣžԼīľʹء
ܡԥľܾˡ
ӣܾô죬ѵУ˵еĻһЩӳ
ҹϧ˫ֽճȭ̷ŭ
ץĬBֱ۰ӱơ
ûôõģһ仰
ҹϧݺҧ
ĬBתնӣߵʧˣеڣǻܿŴҹϧΪ
ôҳζɫЩһһС
Һ뿴ʧȥ֮ʹӡ


69 
ĬBʧɫ, ڵȥɲһקס巵ӣһ컹ûӦɲ˫˫У
Ҷ
̹ӱ뵽ӱ, Щɧһӵ, δ˼ע£Щ巣ϬצֱӰ·ˣ
е, ûһֻҿ
˱, ЩȻҩﹴ, , Ϣ, ǲҿ㡣Ҷ˵
, ĬBҰ׵ɫԻ
͵ͷЩ, ֻǵҵΪȽϸߣֶһʱŪԼǱ·Ҳ˺ѡ
ŵŭ⳯ĬBһۣ͵شȥ
ĬBüͷһ壬÷ҶȥͷҩҶȻǰµסЩҩۣǻһЩƮϡ
ˣҩۿ鶯Ҷֻн, ҩ۵ĳɷ, չ綼ֵȫ
ϽȥĬBſڱǣ۳ƮڿдŨҵζ, 붼һõĿʼ
ϱǿĽ磬Ҷϲȥ, ͷŻ˵Ҷǵ˵ȥʹȥˣϱߵĽֻܴ󶯸ɸ꣬󶯸ɸĺǰ乬ˣʱԼҲ˵ʱ̫ΪӲԱ
ͻƽͲ˺ˣѡ˺ߡ
ĬBɫأĿ⾯ƳЩʹ޵Щʱ῿ĻЩҩ۴Ч
ģҪ鶯ûסЩˣˡ
ҵ뿴ôȻЩŭˣ̫ӾȻЩĵĶӣҪѻжѻ𣬶ŻľĬB
ɱѶԽ
ͷϱЦ巺ͶӣĬBһξ˾ȻյزǻȻôһŮ֣ĵֶΣǵġ̫ˣ
Ǿ͡ȫŪɡ
۵⣬˿̣
ֻҪϱߵѹĺСǾõ
£ԶС˵Ľɫһϲ巺Ͷȷʵɫһ䡣
ӣϽֻС˵ס
е׷׳
СС˵ˣɫճ֣ɱʮ㣬乬̼߽⣬Щȥȥˡ
һֵֻֻֻܵˣںϵȵֻͷųĻ滹ҪҺˣֻǶ̶ô룬ټ乬ʣǸӣԼһȦλãΪƬǿĽ籣ţܴǺء
ͷѵĺۼҶĬBԼϣ˿䣬ĳ˲ͻһӣӰһ뿪˿С
ǸͻƿڣЩҲð˳ȥ
ϽЩɱˣĬBŵ˵˾䣬ҪЩܵ󹬾鷳ˣһתɱˣߣѶӺ巶ס
õģˡҶЩЦ⣬³˿޴ƬѾΪĵط
ʱ̵ˣ
ĬB⿴ЩʧȥǵĿĶӺ巣ޱ顣
ԼԼ
ڽѾС˵ĻΧİ빥ĬBҶ
ǵ͹С˵͹˷ҶҲûе͹ĬBڴҹϧеĵλ
ЩѾǵͺųӺ˹ȥֻҧֽ
°ɱˡĬBһµ³֣⻰ǶС˵ģӰİ͵ð˳ֱӴ۵СֺԥĴ͸巵ӣ͵Ϯĸոպã
΢΢콩סӣͷŴԼؿڵСǾһİԼС֣ĵڵϣԾ廹ǻȫ
СˣǴҹϧأ
ĬBʶŤͷѰҴҹϧӰкӰһůĻС
ϤůеĲ˲仺⣬ĵķ߽⣬һ͵ĸоը鶯ĸоǴŴʹ
ҹϧۣΪ̫ʹ
ҹϧɫһ䣬ֱʦſڣѵȺӦ
鲼ʹ乬ǱߵĶ֪
ƫУ۵亹ֱðĬBڴϣҹϧɫ࣬ɱ
޼һ˵ûΣգҩЧܺãϻ෴ЧԵʱһС꼰ҩЧʱСʦΪָоȽʹ㡣
ҹϧͺȵǲС£ûʲôⷨ
˵Ȼȥ˯һ
յĵ
ҩϾǼ|ģ͸С֮ҩһһ䡣
ҹϧ
ޣڹȷʵ̫ǲ硭ֱӴΣ˵̧֣ҹϧԥץסֹ
ң
ҩ
ԥһµͷͬˣſĬBڴ۵ֱ
ĬB۵亹ʪץŴҹϧ֣޺˵ˣִʹӶ۵ĲֹҲˡ
ôϣ鶯ҹϧôܰһ£ʲô
Һú˯һʣµһҹϧססһ֮ſմȾҩסĿڱǡ
ζƮǻĬBüͷһʶһ˹ȥ
ģްģռҲ˻ڵҩЧһֱԱ߿ŵķҶ˵һ䣬Щҩۻ˺ܶҩģҩЧӣ㻯Ҳһʱ̵顣
Ŵҹϧ治˵Щҩ۵ҩЧȻԼ˾ʹһЩȽҩĶֻ洦˴̼һ岻㻵¡
ҲΪôġ
ĬB˯ڴϣû֮ǰôʹ࣬ҹϧų˿һ䣬תſڡ
īȫɱˡƮƮһ仰ѾЩ˵ˡ
ľӦȥִ
ĬBˣֻܴīľΧʵûĸīľֱƹλûа취İ취ĬBôΣգô
ǻû֣ĬB߻зҶô㡣
ѾȫˣЩǸôˡ
֮ǰ乬ôĶ鷿ûܸӦеҲ㱨ʵۣдʵ۵ߣʵ۾ͶԶţȻýӺڵ
ԼʲôԴҹϧжٶȺܿ죬ڻʵ۵˻û֮ǰֱӰѶӴϳһ٣ľܻǶӵ˻ǹ˭ˣֿ׼ݣ
ˣϸ첲ϽˣһϢֻһ
ȻҹϧĬBֱӻ˹
ĬBʱѾϵҩЧȥĲˣ˯̫Щ
˫ʱ򣬿ǿڴߵĴҹϧĹ˿ͷ˼ţһϮǺ»飬˿ɢţĲͣ˶ɢ˰ĵ񾲺ͳȡ


70 
㡭, ΢ЩɬɳƵƮ˳
ҹϧŻŤͷ, Ѿ˽
B
ĬB¶Ц, ֣ҹϧԼֵ˹ס֡
ɻܣ
ĬB˵, еû, е
ҹϧЦ, еĵǳ׷, 嵭ʳιʳ
ôˣԱ, ĬBָ˴, ںʵ
ҹϧӲ, ĵĻصպͷŻûˣе㲻̫ȣڹʦùʦˡ
ĬBһ㶣Щǵʣ𣿡
أЩȥҶҲóİĻ˵պͷűδû˵ʱ򣬼ΣǿлûĹȣϾûˡ
һ㶣İĻ˵ˣбһ¡
ҹϧͷ԰, ⻹ī, Ǵİ˺ܶһ׶, ˵ˡ
ĬBɵοһЦİƢ鱩, ֺֿݣôܲ󰡣ȷźͷţԡ
˵İ㣬źͷ˭һ㶼ҡЦǺǵ˵ʱá
ҹϧߣ˼⣬һ˵İ˵㣬ʵᣬǱȽûԼǹҲſڣô㡣
ĬB˹ȥ
ԡҹϧһͷɱʱ
ðɣֳôһ°ɡ
ŵŵռзˣǶȶԴҹϧ׶ˣǶԴҹϧȫһ鲻ȫᣬҹϧҲǰô̬ȣȷʵɡ
أѻת˹ʵľǶӵ飬̲סǵˡ
ҹϧĻصˡ
ĬB˿ûͺãڷϳʲôġ
ǻʵǱأ
æŴҴ£ī̫ˣĻʵѪüΣ֮ʱ겻ˡ
ǡĬB̲ססĿĻ˵ī̫ˣʵۻûһֻӾҿɲٳˡ
ҹϧͷĳ⡣
ܲȥͲȥûа취ʱǵȥĿŴԪīռˡ
ĬB޻˵ˣҪǴԪûˣǻڸë߰
īĻʵʹʧӣ̫ӣһεľʹļ׿֪Ĺϵӵ㡣
һºī巿·ݻ˴ԪܶķߺЩӳͨĹûִԪǾͱŷΣŷϽָս
ҹϧȻûвսǲľ֧սǿ󣬿˵׼һսʤӮΣһս֮ȱ״̬Ԫ
һսǱġ
ΪսŷľҲˣǱߵսҹϧԹעˣ̽ѾÿһεĽֶῪĬBҲԱ߿š
֮ԿԳΪ̫ӣΪֶαĻӺսǶıһĻӲܵΣܶԷʲôʲôڶսḻŷĶС׼ףóʤֻʱ⡣
Ϊİɱģ˵īѾĬBͷϣֻҪսͣҹϧ粽ĬBߣѲӶһ
ڰ˳ͣĬBŴҹϧֱ˵¡
áҹϧԥӦ
ıȥ׼
ͷսˣϳǱҲҷֵɣĲ˵С˳Ͱ˻бҪġſڵȴʱĬBѰ˼˵
ǰ̫ʦȥжӵ̨µӶѾˣгҹȫһ
ҹϧͷ˵ԪĳжҲԡ
ĬBɵЦˣô׬ǮӶˣ̶Ӿ׬˶Ǯ
ҹϧû˵ʲôֻǳĿ
ˣֱʹ
ʦʱĬBЩȲܽУڴС˵òʲôҴҵȫѴҹϧ֮
ҹϧһαӵôףɫʱ󲽸Ž˴
֮Уڸ̨ϴԱĸСŮΧһаɫβ
ĬBĽŲĿӹβͣûβ͵ŮϣպͷȫȫΣӦϢȫĺӣµĺȹ۵Ƥ໥ӳԵð覡
Լ׹ˣĸߣΧסˣ۵СǻϲȸԾ
պͷֱ̧۽סĬBǰεʱ򲻷ӵѾûˣôô
ĬBĿǣȻûʮ»ֿ̥ĴȰǿңĺӰ
ĸСԴһһһ飬Ц˵ڹʦ߹Բ԰
İͬӦһ䣺ԡŴŴˡ
պͷŻ˵ҲܹɵĵԴ
ǣĬBĶȻˡ
ò˵үǹƽģİò˴ҹϧպͷŵòԸ߶ġ
˫̥Ժ񣬲İǷշţ˫̥汾һëһԸҲһ͸Ƶá
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĬBһ۾ͷֵ˭˭ûиָо
ӵĴҹϧ˫۱ؿԱߵϿǣ뿴ǵ׻ҪòܷĴڡ
ȻĴںǿңǾϲôİӡ
ĬBͺǻϲˣǼȥǸղĵطü
Ⱥ֮ǰλüԣתҴҹϧڿԷһɫ£Ȼô£̲סһЦ˳
ѽôоİĬBߵҹϧǰԴƤĴȤ
ҹϧޱĿû˵
㡣ĬBչȥһڣһǶʱڻ˴ҹϧϵı䡣
ǣӳʲôס
˭ܰߡҹϧһ§סޱȰԵһ䡣
ĬBЦ⣺ãģ˭ߡ
š
ڱ˵ĵܹ΢㣿޲֪ʲôʱվ˺ߣɫ
ҹϧƳ̬ȺȻˣǶԵһֳ
ĬBЦʦʲôʱҸɩӰ˵ʦ֣㵽׶ˣ
΢΢üǻܺúദ
Ŷ˵ˡ
λʦЩ걻İڻˡ޺Ȼ˵һ䣬С濪ʼ
㵽İͷƤһ飬ЩŵĬB
ĬBûӦȻĻص԰ȷʵǰֵˡ
ޣ
ķչܲͬʱҲ
ˣ˵ˡЭˣڵĻǼλʦҲΪˡ
ʦ˵İѧ֮ǰסڹʦһæϣҲԹĿǰѧ״ǺܲģǱȽ̰ķ˵ʱ䣬ѧչ죬̵ɣĻ˵˾䡣
ĬBͷʲô£
ðڴʱڹʦ̵޺ʮӣԼֶ֮İ¼ҵĴжҪˣ޺ʮ˵İǱȽĵġ
ޣλСҲѧϰħѧĺܿ죬֮ǰǿбδҲָĲˡ
ǺܺðչˡĬBˡ
ԷģʦǶģǻмҪȥһ£ʦ˵ּʲ£˶ҲʦҪСʦҸˮؽ¼أ˲ܰ¼ǿ
ĬBͬʵ֮ǰĴ㣬ֻλá֪Ǳû˵Ҫĸλý졣
ɽ


71 
ĬBһ죺ǸطôУ
ɽȻ, ӣûǱЩȺ֮нլӣ¸ǿķֵ
Ƴ۴ҹϧĬB˵:ʦǵ˼, ֻѻ, νĵ飬ҪҰæһܼСʦá
ĬB:
Ȼǿɡ
Ƕͦõ, ĬBóһѵ, 뵽ʲôóӽİͷ, ˫̥໥Ӱ, ӽʡȥ, ֱӾͿڿռȡ, ʱضܹӦϡ
, ɲܶˣռжЩ
뿪ʦȥʮӵĹԴӶӺ巵һֱûнڵʱʮֻǱβû꼰ȻĬBҪھˡ
ǵʱʮԺһϮͣ˱, ·Ϊһ, Ա߿صСġ
ˣֻ, ߣš
ʵôĵܵоʮÿˡȥ·ĬB˵һ䡣
ҹϧüͷ壺ÿɷֺܶ˼ָ֣
ص֡, ΨĸоҪиɰĶӾͺˡ
ⷬôҹϧеĲöʱɢţ뷨УҪٷһ
ĬBûİһ˵Ͳ˫̥𣿡
֮ķʽӵкӲ𣿡
ʱԶԣЩε˵ǾòãǾ̫ˣҾҲȥʵ飬ʱӲҪʮ»̥һѰ走᲻£
ҹϧɫһ˵ôһ˵Ǹ⣬ֽƫ鲻ȡʮɵİնУַʽõĺǰ˰廹賤棬ܿӷܺ
ĬBͬԼĻķʽӵеĺҲ
š
֮ҹϧ˳õ˼УĬBҲûȥ
ͷ֪һ˺ȻݵѾвģǵķʽ̶£Ԫڵ走۸ʮ
ڻʵѸ·շŵݺ󣬴Ҿ֪ôģȻйɹȻðž޴ķȥ
ҹϧƺ飬ɫ˺ü죬Ҳ˼˺ü졣
һ磬𴲴
ĬBԺĿˣۺĴ˵ôô磿Ҫ糯𣿡Ѿþû糯ˡ
ţеҪȥҹϧһĿ˯
ĬBŬŬ죬ĺţֱ۱סЩҪΪŮˣҸʲôݣʺ𣿲ùֵֹġ
ҪʲôݣȻŮۣҹϧʵ
ĬBЦҡҡͷܾˡ
λȻȨ󣬵ÿ͹Ҵ»̫ˣûеõܾòģõ˸һ£ҪǾ̫ȤǾͲˣ˼ľ׬Ǯȥô󣬶氡
ҹϧдĶγˮˣüۺЦ˵ã㡣
ĬBӦ˸뿪Ļһ˯ˡ
ȵĺҹϧ˿뿪
ˣĬBȥ˰˳ͣһڴ߿ߵȺ
棬ÿ춼ģǮˣڴԪīڽս⣬ҲڹٺĿӡ
ӵʱһţ룬òƻмгˡ
缧
Աߺŵ缧ǰһӦǣūڡ
֯жˮ𣿡ĬBתһ䡣
缧ЩĪʦĴ˭ܽЩŮܽ룬Ҳ֪зʲôȻ֪¼ڴɽլۡ
òмͲˣҲ˹Ӷɱȥˮ
ĬBⷬЦҪܹӶɱȥˮ֯Ͳýɱֱָʲô֯С
Щˮһ˴ɽʺϽլۡλãˮõĶҪܰѴɽĵζͺˣȻǸطʲôͺáĬB˵
缧ֱһ£ЩƵ˵ɽнլӣǸֱŤҪҳŻҲܴɽȥɣ
ĬBһۣ˵ʲôأҸأҪ¼ҵլۡȥԸˡ
缧Ȼǣūȥšתȥϵɱָˡ
ڴɽнլۡҪķѺܶԱ߻˵һ䡣
ĬB鵭Ȼţ֪ѡλÿУйĲľڣַҵǺܵģľ˶һЩҩǽ췿Ӳ⣬ھڳǮ顣
Щ죬һμΪǮ鷳ġ
ֻͨķĬBĿǰĲȫ⣬Ҫ¼ҵլۡһڴɽУӵĲҪ̣ռҲҪиٲˣ˾ҪķѲҪ
լӽ֮ӣڸʶøϣҪɳһ׵顣
Ϊ֪ҪǮŸİȫûеס
ĬBڴߣʼѰ׬Ǯ·ӡ
ԪīսţҲԪ֣ǡĹң
һ룬ǰŴҹϧ̸ͣȥ̣δҲ̫˰ɡ
ǱҲڹϹȥ׬Ǯ
Ĺң
˼һֱ뵽磬û뵽׬Ǯİ취ȥĹҿҲҪʱ׼
ЩĲɵĳͣЩϣЩ˵˾̣ʲôǮģ
缧ɱ˿
һͷߣɱֵĳҲ޵ģ˵˼۸ԽĿҲԽɱͷǮû׬ԼСûˣ಻㣬ĵġ
ǲȻū澽ϵȥ٣
ĬB
ȷʵǸǮİ취ôԪȥ٣ô˵ɲɡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ΪвΪѪںϷӶһЩҩģӦвҩģҲ˵СҪҩСҪҩǱĵҩҲжҩĲһЩҲ׬Ǯ
ĬB˫Ȼһ͵˵ģϽҼС
㣺ĻСһģ
гֶҲʧһð취
ȻǺ˵ġĬBЦݡ
ǣˡתȥҷУгЩеûȥǱĺö
ܿ죬һİ˵˹ʮƤõ֪ϸȫʮ̴࣬档
ԷĬB
ĬBЩ⣬㿪ڽ͵ķһӪУֻаڣ¾Ͱˡ
ԭǷ޵ĬBȻˣϣŰ΢Ц˵ʵҲǶ飬кһ¡
ܳǣۣܸСһҵң˵
ЩҩĿԷҲУηֳɺ˵
ͷ˵СУȡɱȽ٣۵һɼ۸ΪɡҹԪѾֵĶȻǺöǮ࣬ļ۸ҲߣСԸٽһ롣
ִаٷְ٣ʮʮһ൱ڰٷ֮ʮĳɣٽһǰٷ֮壬⻹СеĳɣЩгɹƸá
ĬBЦгκûˣɷ׬ġ
ǣⷬС˰ˣֻҪڣС˾ϹΪЧ͡Ͽҵ˵
ԪǳĺãټϹĿڱȫҪʲô
ĬBǾܿʼˣ֮һչһ⡣


72 
ﲻĿʣɻҪչʲô⣿
ĬBǹЦһרչ, κҪ߿ҩĺʳͽǮҲ, Ҫҩĺ
ʵԼҲ, ǡڣ˵ˣҲһֱչȥ, ʱطչһ¡
ôҪռĵط׼һ, Լ׼, ֻҪ׼һ, طѻ, һҹ˵ĻԱ, µѶۡ
˵, ŰĻش
ԥӦá
Ҳ˵طѵļ۸Ƕ٣Ű۵ĻԱѾĶˣⳡ׾У
Ȼ̸£ˣĬBóһЩҩģ͸Ʒ׵ǵҲռеΣвٵģüǮȻҪõĶȥ
Щİ亹ֱðӪôҲûоô߽׵Ķ, ʱǽǼġ
Сȥ׼, ˺öԿǮ
ţǾˡĬBЦ, Ѿ󵽽֮һǮˡ
ϲõСӦģΪЧС˵ҡ
ĬBЦЦ, ӻ֣ˡ
ܿСʹö׼ڰʲôǧҩģδ֪ĺñͷʱгĴѪڡ
ƾֵģǧݵĶýİб̤ż
ССĲ۵һжʱ֪˻ɰǲǱҹչˣûʽѾǱ߶׵㣬б
ĬBûдǸ֣ȥǱ߶ţмȥڼĹء
ҹϧظʱɫѾˣѾ׼þ͵ˡ
ǰˣĬBЩǵʣôˣʲô𣿡
ҹϧҡҡͷҲǶ飬ǽո˵߲走;Ѫӵ飬ϣܹһ£Чãϣְ˰ĺӶһЩɹȷʵǿ󡣡
ĬBɫһ˸˵ˣϾֻһξѪʱͻָˣԼ̫˺ⲻ֮˿ɹҲ˵Щ走ˡ
Ժ趼ǻǵսûӳ֣ǿֻǲҹϧܳأֻͼǰ棬δ棬Ѱ·
֪ǵ飬δ֮£ıԶǣĬBɵóԼҹȻǸɴµˣ
ǲȻ߸Ԥһ£ǡ˵Ҫӣ߿԰æͱһҪӵ˷走ĬB˵
ǻһ走ͨʵ۲ֹǴӸֲͺˣͷٷųϢʵַʽӽܶ࣬ںϾܳɹٲȻ޸˵߶߶ĻŮעģǿú꣬Ųģ϶в
ҹϧһţ¶Ц⣬һ簮ĿBĹˣҺûϲ
ĬBһû˵ҪҳֹӻֱŮƹˡ
ãȻBô˵ˣһŬõλҹϧסĵһ䡣
ĬB
оֵֹģֲҪʵۣҲûзôκβÿƵֻҪҹϧŮһж˵
֮ҹϧæڹнɢôú󣬴ָֻϬû˶Ӻ̫ʦЩĴͷжԣʣµЩҪô˳ˣҪôһһ֮˸ҷۡ
֮ϴƣĬBְѾ׬˲ǮеҲ̶̰ѾΪгС
ÿһУ˶ˣΪ˿ƱģʽλԽǰ۸ԽߣЩλƱһʲС룬ȻĬBġ
ƱżԽеĶǴȫЩֵ˸⡣
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ɽķΧܴ󣬿˵Ⱥɽɽ|ƣƣܴܸӡ
ǻǺܸӣûѡΣյλãѡĳɽλã֮
ȥһ˴ɽǸλĬB£ֻ֮һͷЩֶһʴ󹤳̣
ɽƲЩﲻ˵λÿ˵㣬ֻҪǮ뽨ķӶС˼
Ǳ߶֣ľɲס
Ѱ˼˺һҪ󶯸ɸ֮н죬Ǿ͸һ㡣
˺üʿһͼͱϵɣЩ󷨶ƫŵġ
ȻĬBֻʾ˵£ЩһϵеĻȻЩܸߣĶˣ˵
õǵϿɺ󣬲ľʼˣͽϣ͹ǹȥҲͨĹˣϵȵҪͱϽ췿ӣǵܹ͡
ͱڶլۡķΧ̨ͤ¥󣬴СڻȴУÿ칺ϻȥǮˮһĬBΣС
ܼķΧڣκο׬ǮĻŹͲûаѴҹϧƸˡ
Ҿɱָɱ̫ˡԺѰ˼׬ǮĬBͻȻһ䡣
缧źôãЩС˼͸ˣ⻰һ϶Ҫʹɱˡ
ǣԸ
Ҳÿӣ̯ǿԵģ㰲żֽɱȥĳ̯ɡĬB˵ʹЩɱһ㶼
ҲȷʵɱָǸʸʹ˵ˣǰֲ̯ѿҲǮ׬ģ˵ͬ׬һ룬ᵶɱ˻·̯߰أΣϵȫͬȵġ
缧ͷǣūȥšĬBκηԸûоܾȻúõɱֶˣɷϵȷʵǮ׬
ɱҲΪǮ̯ҲΪǮ˭ϣ
صǣĬBԴҺܺãǰ̯ɱ֣ÿڶкЩӵĻһ֪кܶɱֵĶ߿£ˣ޲ɱֵݳΪҹ˵һӡ
׬Ǯ׬ǮĬBǺܺģûг̶ӣ̶׬Ķ࣬ӵ̶ӶϾˡ
ʵǱĳ룬ҪǺڽ췿ǮĲˣøӽǮҹϧǱߵǮҲĲʱһЩĲ϶Ǯġ
ôӵ̶Ѿʮ֧׬Ǯ֪жӴǿλúúûš
ǣѰ˼λˣ


73 
ͻȻõ, ĬBɵЦѰ˼ҪҪûӱǮ
Ӻʼ֮ϵڶٻǮһжͨĸӿռ, Ҳдŷĸӿռ, еˡ
ʲôˣȵĬBЩȤһ䡣
磬ǳЦ˵², Ȼ, пհɣ
пյĺ, ˵
һ˵Žڴɽѡַ¼ҵլۡ, ɽλ, һѡ
˶˵ɽٵԶ, ˲, Ҫÿɽе˲٣ܾüȻǱ߽լۡˣɽҲջƼ֮ģأ
ԣĬB˫һõĶĴ|ˣôû뵽һء
˵ˡ
ûҾúܺãͷʽе, 硭Ͷʵ¡ֱ˵˵ˡ
Ц, ҪͶʶ٣ɻҪ㣿
ͶʹͶʣǮǽǮ, ӵ顣
ĬBЩĶ£ĪصظǮİɣ
, ֻҪϵǮתˣĶңȵլ֮ۡǮĻ㡣
С£ܻǺνģڿջƼҵ뷨ӾǮ鶼Ǵ¡
ĬB˵ȻҪڿ԰ѹģŪ㣬ʳסһ·ܿս|ҵ
|ҵЩãʺӱ
ĬB͵棬ɽȻΣأҪˣһ԰ȫĵطǿ˴˽ɽ羰ʶҰ棬Ļÿ¸һΣǰ
ҾҲһ룬ͬʱ˽ĵĿѡӸ¼ңȻҪǿջƼҵ飬ȰЩסˡ
ףɫܾ棬Ȼԭ
ԣȷʵһЩѧԺжеĿأҲڴɽƶеѧãְĬBĻ˵Ұ棬ӪӪִʡ
ʽӻĬBȫû˺֮ǣյνһׯ԰ׯ԰аջ¥·ҩ̣ҹززݣ⣬ҲñɽĹ˿ͣɱָõѡ
ƻĺ׵Ͳʽȥˡ
ڶ죬ӾͰԼͷϿǮ͵˹ռƻ¼լۡʹׯ԰һ衣
ɽǱ߻ǮˮԪĬBʹ׬Ǯ˰ɱǰ̯׬Ǯ׬ǮĿǰ֧ƽȡ
ֹȥһ£ˣ߾Ǳߵսڽŵ״̬ͻȻĳһ촫üСīӪ࣬ŷԵó
ĬBϢﵣˣŷүӱϾͣ˷սΪʤ嶤飬ȴϰ·ɱЩССҲ̣ܺʺϳսսپֳԲ⼸ŷѾĺܴսپûǸ
֮ʱҹϧӻʹĸӴˣĬBΪӺӹס죬ȴ˵BҾҪǰ߾ŷŲ˶ãҵȥ֧ԮȻԪ¡
ԣĬB£컹û˵ʲô
ҹϧϧBԲұ뿪Ԫǵļҡ
ĬB΢΢һЦ֪ܾûôһ죬СЩúǸһȥɣҲϡ
ҹϧסҲԱĸӻţͷһ˵ʮҲȥûµģҲΣ֮Уһսپ
ĬBסǲᣬ˵ҲԼΣ֮С
á
Ǳ𣬴ҹϧźǴҴȥľľӪ׼װ֮󼴿̳
ĬB֪һʼʵԮǴҹϧվ˵ȥģΪľս⻹ǧڹӺͺɭ֣ʵͬˡ
㣬ڼƻЩʲô𣿡վԺĬBŻ̳еĻĵһ䡣
ı㴹ӦӦ
ĬBüѵΪλ飿ȥ߾ԮλаëǮĹϵɲΪҹϧӲͦôʣµֻΪҹϧǵŷϾǹϵá
ΪȷҹϧôģֻΪ
ʮѾǵǸ꣬¼ҵĳħѧĺܲɱĿǰԵҲһ
Ǿɣֻܵˡ
ҹϧһȥ£תÿʮ㶼ᴫϢĬBûôġ
īԼЩСѾɾʣµıǱӣҹϧʤ׷ЩС׷˵ֵĺܴײеøһЩСսľԪá
ʵֹҹϧն࣬΢ûʵҵǣҹϧֻԸīһԪС֣Ӧûжī֣ЩСʦسˡ
һټ𵹲ڿ־ɪɪīĴ֮һҪˣĹһɧҹϧȷСīЧǳã
ӰʦسǶڳſΧۻӭĬBȻҲȥһӭˡ
վڳǽϣźƺƵľӹֹסĲĿһֱΪ׵ǸŮˣһϮɫҫעĿ
̲סЦ˵ҹϧһֱɫ·»鵽ڴδı䣬ҲǺɫϲţΪ»´ϰˣ˵·ûлɫһֱǺ£ʾһֱ»顣
ԶԶģҹϧͷֳǽϵĬBĿԣо顣
ȵУǻȲʡ
һ죬һƬ߲ھӵϿգɫƶһֻչ𣬰ǵǼ
ĬB̧ͷͻȻֵƲ˫һǡ
ˣ
Ƿ˵ӡ
ʶĿҹϧעŮۡ
ҹϧû̫Ӧֻ̧һۣǰٶȲûмֱǰʹǶ߲Ҳŵ˻ʹˡ
ŲʶĿռݰ죬ʹ˶ˡ
ĬB÷ҶǰһʹֱʦɵǱСͯ˵ޱʵ۴ٹȥˣʱȻʲô飬ǰ鷿
쵽ʱ޴鷿뿪·ϡ
ĬBʣƵô£
ޱ˵ƣԪҪˡ
ȣòҲôʵ˵ģ
š
ĬB
ʦңЩ˭ӣ̶ʵ
Ŀ⿴ܣ²Ļ֣ûС
ʱˣҲ˵ҹϧһεĵλ
Ұ㲻һֱôƲĿɲ١ƮƮŨҵıӡ
ĬBüҲϣҾҹϧŮۣһελ˭̳У
λѡһùкСӡ
붼룡õĵ˹ȥ
εһʼû
ĬB͵뵽ʲôʣջǷſе֮ࣿ
޿ֳĬ
ҿɸ˵ղҾڳſڣƳֵʱأʱҹϧ߻ĸӣѱƲΪĸӶ֡ע仯һ䡣


74 
һ, ˵˾䣺й¶ʱ֪ˣ˼, , ĸȷĸǲȷ
ǹʦΪ˴ԪδͲϵģĬBˣֱ˵
ΪǴԪĹʦ, ұΪ˵ĻΡ»ֱ, ɰˡ
˼Ҳ˵ҲñȰ, Ҫ˼Ҳһӡ
ֻĿ뿪Լ, ӵȴ, ȴҹϧǽʥ, ٹٶˡ
, д¡ɫص˵һ䡣
ٹǣӶ鷿㲻糯ĵ㣬ٹҴҽֻһЩ¡
磬ղųֵķơ
ĬBסҪȥ͵̬ȣ԰ʯϰͰ͵ȴţһֱȵˣĹȥǹš
ŷǱѾȥȺ, Ǳ˹Ҳȥǹ΢Ц˵
ĬBȵĶ, ȥʺǱߵҲãǻʺǱҲš
һǹ, ŮǷ׷˳˷ţоʣʺˡ
ĬBһ㶡
ʺǰסʣǶ״Ƶ콵ֻֽš
ĬB
Ͻ߱ʺЩˡ
ĬBҡҡͷû, ӦҲôоģΪҲܴӳſάֵʹлأֻ˿塣
ʺӻ˻Σæס
ĸģŻʺϣ̽Եһ䡣
ʺȴҡҡͷֻǵ
һж˳ȻǴԪһεĵأ
Դҹϧĸ߰ǾԲıλֻƾԼıµõλ˳ͬʱŮӲǲУ߸ŮĹ
ʺûлشĿ⾲ĿſҲ֪˼ʲô
˴ʱŲĬBȥţһ׵ĴҹϧӶʱе㷢ᡣ
ǧĻûϢʥʥʥڵôֶ۵ġ
ҹϧƣڼĬBеĿʱɢˣס
Bһˡ
š
Ǳʦˡ
š
ŮеεĽ룬ϴˮ׼ˡ
ĬBŴҹϧȥƫԡԡ׵ĴҹϧѾԡͰԡĬBԱߵʣʵô˵
ٹٴҪһεĵҹϧˮУ˵һ䡣
ǻʵʲô˼
ûжŭҲûдӦƺڹʲôԪԹŮۣһ⣬һᶯ
û취Щ뾭ġ
ԵȰɣ𸸻ɿġ
ƲڵİɣĬB̽Եһ䡣
ҹϧЦ˫ЩȤĿ˵ڲϲظҸ㻭ֻΣ
̲סЦˡ
Ͻģҵȵ㶼ˡ
ҹϧ۵׵Ȥ⣬ϴˬĬBȥš
ЩƵǣǹȥʱ򣬻ʺԸ˳ȥϢˡ
Ҿ˵ʺԷǵĳԷĬBֹһ䣬㲻øղԡǵĶԻѾʺĶˡ
ŰɣˡҹϧƺʺķŸӣ
˶ˣҲûκζԻֻ˵ͷԷ
꣬ȻϢˣƫǱߴ̺ˡ
ȵֻʱ綼⼸ѹĵ׵˼ű
Bһ޾顣
ĬBжݣסס
ҹϧӵסǵĲ|ȣƺ⼸û׵Ƕˡ
鵽ȻŨƸ˵⡣
ڶ˻˯еʱ򣬱ӲͷƤҹϧѲüõĿϥڴ˵߲ŹߣùظҪʥּˡѹ˵
ҹϧûӦڰ֣˳䡣
ԼĬBҹϧü۷ᣬЩõıӰŪˡ
ĬBԺһƳԴ˯
Bʥּˣǵûؼˡᴫôһ仰˼֮ĬB͵ؾ
ûҹϧһѱסԴͻȻѵ
ĬB㶣ĿУŹǷ˵ǵģһΪʥּˣٻôһ¡
ã㻺¡
ʱЦһۡ
˻ᱳʹ˶ЩԺŮǰæױ뿪ʹĬBӵһ˼
ǻʺ´ģ·̲̫̣ȳԵ㶫һʳе˽ҹϧֽ̧ӹ
ĬBſ˵Եö㣬ιҡ
ҹϧӦԼĻУȻʳóߵĵĺԹԵĳ
ʳζ˳ԶʵĬBˡ
ιң˵õιأ
ҹϧЦһڣֵζʱڿС
˯Ҳ
绹ãһ˵ĬBɫԹ˯磬|磬Ƹһٺòã˯粻һ˯úãô
ǹˣա
ҹϧҶˣͷһڰ
ˣģըëСèһ׵ġ
ĬBĿﰡôᡣ
ҹϧϲ𣿡
ϲҸ㡣
£ҹϧΨһô⣬ޱߵϢͷˡ
ĬBһЦɫ˵㰮㡣
ҹϧ΢΢üʾ⣬Ͳƽˡ
ǰŵǴŶû߲Źʥּˣȷе˵һֱߡ
еҲԤУǲʥּⴾҹϧΪ̫ŮԪһεĵ
ϲŶӴūʳԣūŸ߲ŹһʱûĿڣŵĸæԼһơ
ĬB
ϲ̫Ů£ϲ̫Ů££ݴ֮£̫ŮѾ޽ʱºµ¾͵ƾ̫Ůһֱǻ
ҹϧɫöϲãΪҪݣͱʾҪԼֿˣĬBҲҴµҲԱߡ
ʥּˣ˵Ķ˵ˣ߲ŹҲܴҹϧʲôɫֱתˡ
ܼ½Ȼǰͣ˲ٵ
ϲ̫Ů£ҪҪףһ£ʲôҸĬBһ٩
ҹϧɫ빫
㡣
˶ʱģʽ
ĬBıĸȥʵõģɰģֵģӵģϲĸ
ʲôҹϧѾٴμʶˣʱ̲סЦֱ۰§ڻС
Ϊ̫Ů£ʰѸ£綼֪ˣʷһλŮۣ䶯ȫ
Ȼο˷ԣĵδӵ̨ˣĻӻڣƲͬӪӺʮӴԪĸӣԼεİ˻ӣ˻ӿӣĸӷַֻǿԵģĳЩЩӾҲȴҹϧŮҪǿ
ԴҹϧκӰ죬ÿݣż˲ĬBҲ飬ڻʺǱ߲ס
ʵҹϧڹҲйģСʱסĹԴ˹ǸͿˣҲ֪סǱҲûɨ乬Ƶá
ǸɨסҹϧʹҹϧĬľûڻʺǱ߲סһ±ȽϺãҲǾ
ҹϧæŰѧϰңĬBȻæ׬ǮԼɽǱߵĹ̡
̵ڣҲԽԽӴһΪǮԽ״̬
ȽϺãүܾÿҪʲôʱʲôðˡ
ͺñ֮ǰȱǮˡ
ȱǮˣӻĴˣ


75 
, ĬBԺЩϰǧݵҩģ׼ڰ
Ϊ˱ڳͷֻżðĶ, ʱı˵ǲԸ͸¶Ĵ, ʵģڰİҩĻ֡
Ϊڰе죬Ҳв˹ǰæ, ʱĬBͲˡ
ǧ˲, ֥ЩҲ춼, , ׬ǮҲ, ĬBǵǮ, ַӾͻڴɽĽ, ˮ
ǰռе̫ˣھٶܰǱǮ
ǮǮǮţԺӴ˴һʶĿԱߵĊߵͷȥ
Ӱһˣ˵ӣǹǸС̫Ǳ˸С
Ŵҹϧ̫Ůº, ҵĳƺһ, ĬBЩΣǱ߳ƺΪµ, ԼҸϵǶƺӣһʼ˸Ĳ˿ں˶˱, ʱһôҲϰˡ
ǹعǸԻĬBֺֺЦ
ҲΪɣ컯ǽ֪˻Ϊʲôϵء
Ȼûʲôϵ˻ԼйϵҲǱȽϵ۵顣
ع⣬ҲôҡڵĴӴŽҲ֪ô벻ѡ͵͵ǿصϵֱӾ͵̿ͽˡ
عһľȡ
ĬBĿ˵㲻ôӴŽ㲻֪ͨһ°
ع˿к˶ʯϣڵⲻ뿴ϲϣҪǲҾͰ͵͵ˡ
Ŀ
ʲôû㣬ֻչЩʳȥع˵һ䣬ǲ뷨ҲûУֻû뷨뷨ִš
ĬB˿Ȼ϶ûص͸ղű񶼱ˣһļơ
֮ǰ̸͵ʱ봾ҹϧӦø˵ĺˣʱûʱȥڡ
عƲҰ̶׼ˣͲһƵտԿˣȻǷֵ꣬ӵܵøһɣҪԹȥ̵գǰѳӷּҡ
ĬBüԭⰡ
Уޣûжķȥ԰ĳӴѧգȰЩʳѧ˺Ϳڹҵˡ
ع˵Ҳԣʳķأ
˵õʳṩɹعƽ֡
ǣӽֵóһöˡ
ǵúú˵˵ֳɵģʽк֣ܶȱǮأλ̫ӵŹġ
عһ棺ã˵
׼ջӹҹ˵ģ
ʲô𣿡ع⡣
ĬBȻֻգóѧգʦҪУձﵽҪʽʳķҲøǮǱȫȨķֳĳһͳɣͺñֻǽһЩӵ
ҹˣʳĵͼ۹ӦҵģӻǻǶѵҲҵģһ£ڿ۳ʳĵļ۸ԼǵĹǮ֮ٽƽ֡
߲һġ
ع꣬ԥ˵㣬Ӷ㣬ͷҾͰѵ͵ϣͷڹڽҹ˵ķˣԪеӹһңκλҪʲôҪ󶼰ߵı׼Ҹһ¾ͺá
һ仰ֻҪڹʲô⡣
ĬBĵͷԤԻô˵
̫ӵг⣬֮ĺȻǺ˵ġ
ɲǣЩ鶼С¡
֮ǰҹϧȥ̸͵ʱȥһЩӵͼˡС˳СջļӵͼԼһЩӪ
ļӹعѾ׼׵һԻԣС˳Сջص㣬˺ͻص㣬Ҫֿζһģ²ҪڱĬBѧ
֪ʱعĶ尾֪ҹϧеġʱ䡯ԸΪ̫ŮԪһελ嶤ˣչʱ˰ɡ
㽨ҹ˵ķˣȻһЩӹҵɿˣһ̻Żô졣ĬB˵
عͷģҰѹǲ
ĬB޻˵ǼҵĻʵۣʦѧôô
Աʱӹλˣ˵ѵѣ̼Ϳˣǰк˾ˡ
УҼˣأ
ҲûˣС˳СջʵȾӪҪӣҲ΢þӪ꣬һ׼á
عô˵ˣûʲôȻȥˣҾôҹϧһŹҡ
ĬB㻹͵ܽ
ⲻǳ˲ģҹſڵ㣬֪ջδȥҾֱˣҲǿԣڱ߾ʱ˵ʲôҹ˵Ϲ˿ͣĻӡ飬عѪĲҪҪġ
ҪСĵ㣬һȥûô졣ЦЦ
عûķ°Ҳƽ飬ҲҰ
Ҹˡ˵Ҫˡ
šĬBںס
һ⣺кηԸ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣ߻е˵˵
ع̧ƨʯϣġ
̫ӣӦúǮɣ̽Եʵ
ԣơ
ڴɽдĪȱǮˣ
ĬBЦݲã治ǿԵ̫ӵˣ˼͸˵ô㶼ʲô˼
ûж٣ͷ͹شĺܺˬ
ϣлҪҪҵͶˣԺÿȸֺ졣
عʼ磺ɣҿɲҹϧҪӣҲǹģҿɱǮˡ
ĬBԾĺ²ۣ⻰ǧȷ
ҹϧǮһ㹻ˣҪ߾̣ģլӾЩˣҹϧҲھԼΪ¼լۡǮ
عûϸѯʣֻ֪ڴɽнլۡⲻ֪ɽµׯ԰Ϊ̽׼ġ
˵Ķ˵ˣĬBĿҲﵽˣк͹ع
Ȼôôȥǽ뿪
عİЧʺܸߣʮüĽ鱦͹ˣȫ鱦ΣȻûнӵƱ
Ǽ䶫ҹϧһ䣺ӵĹˣ
ĬBûסһЦҪҲȥӵĹ⣿
ܿҵˣҵľģûҪȥ˶٣ҹϧЩĿʣͷϵǮתˣ
ĬBæҡҡͷǵǣͷϵǮܳһʱ䣬ټ⼸๻ˣЩˣǱߵҲвˡ
ҹϧͷУǲǰ˵ȥ취
Ҿûǵˡ
ҹϧЦûзǳ֮ɫ
ˣBƺڰŪ˸չһתͻȻôһ䡣


76 
԰, ôˣҪĬBʶʵľȥĴ٣ռ͵ϵҲ, ΪҹϧҪ
ҹϧҡҡͷ˵Ҫ, ҾǸ¡
ĬB濴˵˵
⼸Ѿ̸ף¸ʾΪ˴Ԫδķչ, ʱһ走, Щ֯, к走Ǵ, Դֹ˿走;Ѫӡ
ЩҪ˻ǵչ, Ȼڰн˸ĵ, ǾʱΪ¼ĵط, Ҫ˿Ǳ߼¼ʱʦԵŴӵ顣
ȵ走ĵطϣתƵǱߡ
Ҳʡҵطڣһɹȥ
ԣĬBһϲܺðѹ˶ˣҲչЩҪˡ
ŴҹϧǸжԭһֱǹš
ʵ۵˼Ҳ⣬ǿսǿİ취, Էӵķʽõս, ̫ˡ
ҹϧͷһʵУַʽĺӵλЩ, ʱǵĺô죿λǺΡ
ĬBжݣôŬص㡣
лл
ҹϧüЩãҪ˵ôĻ, ֻҪǼߣκ鶼˵
ĬBʱЦһĴȤᰡԭǵ̫ŮôСۡ
û취۶ˡ
ҵңⱲӶҪˡ
á

黰ٯٯһ
ڶ죬ĬB͵еչһ£ǰŴҹϧŵ˹Ÿʾ´ԪǶ֪ˣĳҲӱްϢȥ
ҹϧҪѹ˽Էˣ˴Ԫ走ӣӱСӺϲԺڹĶ³̣ƾ֮ģ˽
вҪ走Ҫ֣ӻг֡
һģĹ走ǲˣڴԪڲܡ
¿ܻЩ˽ƫȥĹҹ򣬵ôһ走϶Ǽۣ۸ˣҲѹһ
ҹϧں走ļ۸ߵֻͣҪĿĴﵽ˾Уȳȥ취¼۸
Ϣһ˷ԣ֧ŮλΪ走鵹꣬ŷϽֱӻӾȥѹҲĹǽЩףЩѬĵ˾ûˡ
ߵ޷Ǿ֣һҪӵˣһ뿿ķǿսĹѾʼӡ
ڰеĵǼǴϢǼһ£ʦͻԵŰæӣǺεȵңλСǹʦְַʦУЩҪӵͲ֣ܻȥǼϢʣֵľЩΪˣԴЩȻֻ
ҲΪ˵Щ벻˰ҹǱʹѹʦˣϢĬBûЦȻʦôЩôܵóѡ
Ҳɴ˿ɼ˵̰һʲô鶼ɵó
߲£ĬBҲС˶ץȥҪЮҹϧ
һʱƽϢˣܴҼ̬͢ôǿӲЭˡ
˽´ҹϧһڱ׷ɱʮΣĬBҲǣ͵Ļɱ֯ɱ֣ĬBߵɱֶ缧ɱɱĸɸɾ
ºҪٽأƴ׼ˣƽ
⼸ԪǱʿǼǷӵϢаΪ˻Ů˻岻ûٲҹϧģȻҲ
ԹֱۣοһʥּȥҲֻܶܰ˷ӡ
ɽǱߵЩĽԽԽɽµׯ԰Ѿ˳ΣֻҪڲװŪþͳɣڽУã´լֻۡܺͣ
լ̫ۡ󣬾ҲɣĬBҲˣһһ㣬ʵ̫Բؼҹ꣬Ҳó⼸¶ܵǮȫĽ졣
û˶Щķɣ˲١
ҹϧÿ춼ѧϰЩֺɿԵѧϰĬBǵ׬Ǯ̻
ٽʱ򣬹Ǳ߰ѳ͹ˣʮλӶĴʮʮ˱ع˹߹˼ˡ
а¾Ҫ꣬ѧϰЩ˵Ҳһ£ȻνĬBҲˣҹиǰסַڰˡЩΪζʵϰ
˵㣬һ֣ҲܰæֵһЩ˵ĵ㵥


︴յĴ٣ʵ˸Ƶգ봾ҹϧĬBסѾõ̫Ů
ĹȻʺĹãһ̫Ůҹϧƺ˿
˿̾˿ĬB쳣Ȥһ䡣İɣû˸ҸδĻʵ֮λˡ
ҹϧԱ߰ᶫŮ̫࣬ڻ˵Ҵûеǻλ飬ֻǾס̫ŮҾ蹬﹫ͷܣˡĪί
ĬBЦ⣬̧ӰοһסˣǧڣԺû㣬żȥӣòã
˵㻰
㻰Σ
乬һ
֣
ҹϧǣͷһڣԹ֮ǰװ̫Ů{ǰʰٿҪĶģǻסϺܾá
ĬBףڵĻʵֵʢ꣬Ҫǰλǲ̫ܣҹϧҲûʵ㴫λʱ䱻ʵѧϰ£Ѿˡ
һ仰ϣʵ彡Ǹλʮ꣬ͿԶ̫ŮݸԼҰBңꡣ
룬ϻλΪŮ֮ĬBЩ⣬Լÿ챻ЩҪĹҴ²ְյ
ɡѾߵزֻԲһ¡
Ĳ˵̫ŮݻδŮ۵ݿԸõΪĬBⱣݻһŵĵλҪõ
磬ҹϧʵȥҴ£ĬB̫ŮϢ
̫Ůķ񣬰Щƫϲģ Ժһһݽǡ
ԺĬB˯ɹ̫ůˡ
£λСӹ밲ˡůʱʱĻѹ
̧ɫӰѾԺ
ݼסպͷվǰӹؾǹ
ĬBһů֣ǰֹǵһĿš
ɺǶѾˣòʮ߰ӣŮ绨ͤͤټϷպͷǱԻϴڵʽÿڹʦ˸λѧϰ⻹ѧϰһЩǣʳȾˮȺ͡
ܶҲ˵Ҳ֪ȻҹϧλǵĺӣµĺעҪ飬Щ
΢΢һЦǣǶҲᾡܵİҹϧȻλ
ΪݲͬˣǶԴҹϧĳƺ֮ǰġסڵҹϧףٲõĽ͵óƺһĸʡ
ҵǲģǡĬBɫǳ
Ÿæ˵˵ǿ԰æһ¡
ĬBǵѪ⣬ŵĶҸҹϧѪǵĺӣȵϻλǽһεļλߣҾǵǵҲСˣͿ̸˵ʼΪ׼ˡ
룬ҪǷȥӴһɡǡЩ
⻰ɲʳڣһҲаٺϵŴþѪӣѪ̫ˡ
ңҪƴڼҵڶƹײĸ
նʱ΢
ŵûʲô飬Ŷ޸С
ʶŤͷµ⡣
ĬBע⵽Ķ˳ƿȥһϤˣǧ謡
ǧ謵ļƺڵ⣬ġ
ҹϧǧ謱ǣһ䡣
ų˵ҵģҹϧҪǧ謹ϸ˵ǧǱġ
ĬB۴ʱķնʱˡ
̾˿˵ʵɣҲᷴʲô㲻ҪôͲǿƵĹ
պԥĻصײҲܣҹϧ׵ĳ谮
ʱԶԡ
죬ʣǧ֪ˣ
ãȻ޴ҡҡͷ
ĬB죬ֹû˵Ҫæ֮ĻǵԼȥڡ
ֻһ뵽Ҫδĳһǧ謣΢곤Ů˾ͳԼġ֪ôԼǧ謵Ĺϵˣһ뵽ǧ謵ʱҲҪԼһףĪ˶ֵֹĸо
Ƿأһת
ҡҡͷʱû뷨
С
ڷպǧ֮飬ĬBҲûйĹעΪ֪ӷտڰǧ謷䵽Լ߱ʼҹϧ֪⺢ʲô˼ԼҺλ׻ĵġ
ʵ֤ҹϧѹûģȫǷε̬ȡ
ϣҹϧ󣬽ųԷĹĬBһ䣺ոǧ㿴𣿡
ҹϧ˿ڲ˵ڻصҿʲôãص֮໥ǲǿá
ᷴ𣿡
ϵֲҵİBÿæЩ˼ǣΡ
ĬBɫ
ҹϧһ˵ǧ謵ΪŵùҲԷ˼һҲԣģҲǿȣԷղƽ
ԣĬBɫŻ͡
ĺǵ鵹ú⣬ǵԼȥҲСˡҹϧӸ˿ڲˡ
ĬBͷ֮Ҳ˵ʲôͷԷ
֮ӣǧ謷ּڷߣ֮ûнչö֪ÿ粽һģżǹ밲ŷüۺӣñʾӦദĲ
ʣµľͽʱȥæˡ
ûһ飬վҲԣϰǸܿµĶ
ӹĺܿ죬ת۵ļѧյĳѧҵг׼ȥˣĬBӸ˼Уȥ̵ֵԱǡ
һºҹʽڹߡӷ׷׿ҵڶ̶̼µʱȦۣǮ
ԪжӣھжһģһӣӻԱͨã齱һЩܶ˴ķ㡣
عǸԻ̫Ծ̴ҾõţҲǳˡ
ľģøˣǿָտɴ
ҹռݴԪ͹ǸĹѺùϵ
Ļʵ۲ûκֻҹ˵ĻĬB˽֪ҹ˿ڹڣн˸ԪѺõĹϵǰѺá
ȵԺҹϧ͹عλĹϵӵĽһ
˹Ǳߵ룬ɽǱߵĽȫ⣬ĿǰĽ쿴¼լۡˣɽµׯ԰ȫͶӪС
ķйعţҲû˸̫ӵƤӵ£Ǳһ̫ƽĬBֻÿǮǡ
Ԫż꣬ʮڹѾ죬ûж⡣
ҹϧΪ̫Ů֮ʣµǼλӶӵ˸ԵĹϽǳء
ƿŴԪļ̶֧ӣʮҹ˵Ĺ£õʥּڻʳУõ˸Ելۡӵ̶ҲЯΪʼ̶ӡ
ӺʮڻʳУϵ飬ʵҲΪ˴ҹϧǣȻҪʽһεĵԼֵڽҲҪ໥ӦŮ֮·ףҪǿ
ӺʮӵȷʮҲ˵ӾԻλǶĻ룬ԼһʽĬĬˣԣÿǮżֲæٺòˡ
ֻЩ׻㣡
ʵʱ̫̫ƽȤˣͱĬBǮѾϰΪ飬̫඼ûȤĿǰ̫ƽЩСҲֲģˡ
磬׼һȦʱ򣬺ˣİҲˡ


77 
ͬڷպͷ, İϾ¼ҵĽӰˣͷڴųȥ밲Ĵ, ֻҪڹ, Ƕ밲
ֵ֮İЦĴյĬBߣһһĸڡ
ĬB˫ü, е˼
˵, ôˣֱӿڵ, ôǵĴ, ô¡
, ˵¶İһֺá
ĬBͷ, ˵˵
İǺ, ˵ʲô¼ҵլۡ׽ģҪú¼ҵļֲңҺ
ĬBЦûҪ¼ҵļûǶˡ
ҲеԼлеˡ
İƲСܲ
¼լۡĽ칤̻в٣Ӳ٣Ȼ¼һεĽӰˣܼʲôĵ˵, İͷʾͬ
ĬBҲο
ô㣿Լȥ׬Ǯħ׬ǮȻ˵, Ǵžˡ
һİЦ˵, ǵ£׬Ǯȫ¼լۡ, ʡЩ϶Ǹġ
ĬB˼˵иһֱĥʵ̫ףĸ㲻ÿԳɹ
ἰĸԱ߱ɫķպͷŲɵñš
ĬBһ˵뿪չľģʽҪģĿչĻռⲻˣҪӴ֧ſռת
ʲôĸӵĬBĴУִ֪٣Ȼʲô
ԣ˫һһ
ĬBԱյĺŲ˵⡣
ģʽ裬ռص㣬ǱҲ˵ҪԪռģʽռҪӴͬԱͻҲһС顣
ռˣԱ¡
һĬBˣĸСѾͷž۹
ռ鲻⣬ҪʲôǶܸڳȻģʽǿṩСͻɱ˹ͻٶˡİ˵
ĬBͷԡ
ռʽ㣬ͻС鰴ֻ㡣
̲סǳ鴤治ģһ㶼
ԣҪҪôҹϧ߸飿
Цһ䣬ȴİͷȻõġһЦ׷ģǮǻ̫Ůõģ鶼ˣˡ
ĬB
ǾͲ
³ǸӣʱǰѿռС׼ãǮһ׼ãռСƷ׾۸񡣡ſ䲻ҹϧǼĿȥ
ҹϧ˫۱ؿڴſڣһ˺һĬĬǵĻȥˡ
һϮޣ޵ͬϵ̫ĬBĿһԣϾ̲ס¶Ц⡣
ĸĬҹϧǲ²̬ȺͶĬB̬ȫһεģǺôͲ΢㣿
û⣬ڼǻֹռ飬СѵҲᰴ׵Ҫİһ䡣
ҹϧţĿԴ
Ǽʶһۣ񣺡ˡ
ҹϧĬBߵʯ£Ȥʣҽ
ĬBһЦϣ
û˾񣬵ЩӼҴҵЩԷ˺ܶףԼһʱɻȥʳҵûУǿԴ
ĬBģʽôҹϧܸȤһɹǻôұ࣬ǴҹµʵУеķ㣬漰ҵ㲻ܵõҪĶȫյѰ
ȴӳԵĿʼóţ԰˵㣬СͿóǮ˼С˶࣬ͨϰʲôΪҪ㲻򵽶಻㰡
СǻܿģʽС֮ЯĿռ䶼ĸӿռ䣬ԪҪǱߵʲôֱдСֽС飬Сͨĸӿռתڹظˣһĸӿռ䴫͹ٰ
漰Сǵôаɡ
ռҲǸ⣬Ҳ֪ǻôڣǵȻǿ󣬵ҲϣǹԼ㰵˿ŵ㡣ĬB˵
ҹϧӦס
ھ¸³жʮʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܸľϲ
պͷ³ȣĬBʲôİ̫˵ԼҲ缧ȥš
һ졣
缧ĸӿռгĳˣչ÷ëռι̣òе˵ǧ謲뿪˹һҹһҹ
ڶ졣
缧չ۽ĶǧιԷǧιˣûκβ
ŹİСìˡ
졣
缧չǧһ졣
ŹİһԲϴսһŹսܣ˫ƺΪС
졣
ĸһĬBˡ
ĬBЦЦĿǣǿڣʵ⼸缧Ǳ߼ӣҹϧɹȥҲţļ֪Զ̼ӵ缧ٲ֪飬߰˰˶֪ˣҲ֪Ϊʲôֲͣ֡
ף˵СҪ֣İֱ˵Ŀһ䡣
ĬB˼˼ʣЩ
⼸սͷһֱڳǾٶ죬ӦѡΪС飬ž÷޺ãһֱš
ûڣſ˵ףҲҪ׬ǮĻᣬǿԺٸ߽׵ķæ
ĬBͷС黹ǷС鶼ģôˣİҵ߶Ҫ𣿡
İһ㶣û⣬ǲͨߣ䣬ϲ䣬Ͳ˵ˡ
ǿҲҪߵߣĿǰһЩ߽׵˳Ӳ⡣İ˵
Ʋһ䣺޷裬ڸ߿ոעĿ
ж
Щͨջߡ
㡭
ۿǶ춼ҪˣĬBֻ̧һ£ˡ
˵ĶҾòС黹ǷС鶼ҪһЩÿֵĹ̶λöأСɷУǾأ
ĸԥĵͷ
ѡСϣ׵㣬ÿֻҸɻС鶼ܵõνĹǮֻҪڿҿҵĸɻʲô˵ҲһĬBЦ˵
ǣ˵ǡ
ôľˡ
ڵõҹϧߺͷ޷ɽʹҪǲľ˸ţҪƹˡ
ĬBվ̫Ů⣬ĴԼĪһļƤ
ҹϧͷϵͬӣЩ飬ͦġ
Ʒ׶ͦعء
ĬBһ⣺￴Ǵعأ
Ʒ׻øӦҲܿôʲôͿι
ҹϧָȺĺ˵ôģȺ˲ǲܵģǱ߼Ů̫ˣƿǣһ·ûܣؾغ
ĬBЦŮ
дַ޻ӳԱߵݶϣĿЦãΪȸУ
ðɣȸٶȻǺܿģ˼һÿӣԲܡ
ףЩȥҡİ˵
Ա˫̥պͷֻվԱԵùɶˡ
Ƣķԣ˵Ҳһ׬ǮĻᣬİ׬ǮΪչ¼ңҪǮﲻ֪Ҫ׬Ǯ׻Ҫһ֧֣ӴˣеС˼
ĬBסҹϧֱۣǮλ̫Ů³ȻѡȨˡ
ҹϧĿϸϸͷ
ûκλĬBԺ˵ЩҪˣͷҰѸֵ㶼ڵͼϱ־˽Ϻ󣬵ȿռŪ˾ܿʼӪҵ
ǣ
ҲҴȥҲҴңΪǸ߽׵飬Լ֣ڶ죬һֵύĬBС
ϼʮֻ飬٣ʮֻ
ĬBȴԪǿʼÿֵͷУβ飬ÿ飬С飬ӷ޲ʱķС
һӾͰٶֻ鰲ųȥˡ
ĸӿռѾĬBҪ˳ĳΣĸŮȥҹ˽һĲ
ĸִĸӿռģСҸҲر
һĸӿռ䶼ĸӽ以ͨǴĸӿռ䣬ӽ֮ҲĻͨ
ĸȻƿĬBУƿӽÿӽжĴԼһרŶĶ
ӽֵַȽס
һλӽڸӵĹС
ڶλӽööֱʮӺҹλ½֣ʣöС
λӽЩЯġ
µǣǱ˵ͨӽѶڶλӽУڶλöӽǻͨģλ˭пվʹЩնķٴ͵һλӽĸӹС
鲢ϤЩԼÿг۵ʲôֻҹ˵ĹǷһ¡
֮Ӱѿ˵׼ãֱӿԴ͸Ӧλõ飬ÿֻЯӽ䶼ոԷλҪϸͻַӵĹܼҿ԰˼ҵַǱߡ
ò˵ĬBЩҪ󲢲ؼö־ˡ
ǮһֽǮһֽп˲Ҫ˻ˣļӵĶ˻ļУڿռеҲˡ
ĿǰֻӪҹµ⣬Ǳʱ
Ϊлʼģÿ϶ҹ˵ı־ʽӪǰ죬ҹϧ˴ϢСӣҲǰȥǱ߻졣
ûз磬ûֻģʽֻܼ
ЩڵλþЩеԶֲŹȥǽֱ¸ǰԤԼԼҹʲôĶ⣬ᰴտҪʱ͡
פͷǻе֣̿ϾôӴײе˾⣬Ҳˣ龭εӸྣྵͬʱŲ˵һЩƷһȥͻˡ
ҵڼѾյüŶǺЩһǳһµһͣиڼˣµʱҲᱸעиӷʲôӶܰҪܿ
ʽӪҵ죬Ҳ֪ǲΪĴҹϧƥ󳼵ĸ϶˺üҪĵĳԺҹӶ࣬˵
ΪӶ࣬չǮһʲСĿҪǮĲҪĬBʡǮˣ϶ÿ춼ϲ٣ľżҲӦϡ
֮ǰ˵õģǰټҪǮģǮһ£İƤǮһ٣ڶĬB֪Ǵҹϧ̸ǶƽӦ̸ĺ졣
ҲǣҹϧôҲԼҵ̣˵ЩǮõǹеǮʵģ׼ҹϧݺŲһʸء
£Ѿȫ磬ԤϵĹعҲҪڹп
ĬBĸӿռĴú˺һʱ䣬ҪķǺӴǾԲǴһ
ڹǱߣÿ档
عϵһ£ûĸӿռͻɡڴЪϢʱĬB뵽ߵĴҹϧ˵
ҹϧ§ﵭ³֣磿
ӵĸӿռѶ͵ӵĹУٰѶĸӿռ䴫͵˾ͽĸУȥͻÿһ˸ͶֻҪһЩĸӿռˣĸӿռعԵ
ҹϧ˼˼룬ͷǿУʵĳҲԿͻʽ
ĬBŬŬ죺Ҳ԰׬ǮҵģҲǮȥ
ҹϧЦ׬Ҳ㣬Ҳġ
Цۡ
Ҹ˽𣿡üʵ


78 
ӾôƽˮĹ, ҹϧÿ촦Щ£żеʱĬB쿴ˮŪ¡
ĬBкڵŬΪ֮ġ˽׼, ֻǲ֪ʲôʱʽ˼ء
º, չģʽԪ͹ضһʼĻʳǵȫռ, ģʽĹҲʼЧ, ȫѡ
ɽɽµׯ԰Ѿȫ濪ʼӪ, ȫȨ, ĬBҲİѹعɶ֮һ, ÿȷֺ춼ٲġ
¼լۡҲں׬ǮͶпٽ, ЩѾס, İ׼סǱߡ
ĬBһƵվʽ
̫ŮԺУѾϹλڸϾţ޺ʮӣҹϧû¸Ҳ֣Ķˡ
ĸӹڵϣǵǰĬB
ĬBͷժϵĹűң˵ԹűҺ¼ÿһμ, Ҳֻɴ, ¼һûŮҵĸֻʱ, ϣҵĺ̳УֻеԿơ
Щص, صҪΪ¼ҵļ뾫ͨ¼ҵħĳЩʽϰΪ׵ߣǴȫ̳¼ҵħҺܽҲݺݴ¼ֻвŮĹأǺܰ
İΪֵ⣬ƿ¼Ҽ̳¼ңԺ󴫳ȥõģҲܰ¼ҵóõķӳ߰ѹűҺİϣܴ¼õ죬¼ҷ󡣡
ĬB˵ŰѹűҺİСѾͷɫأصĿ˸ͷ̧
ĬBϵϣ¼ҵһλ¼
һֱĬBԱܵŹűңĳЩ˭йű˭¼ҵļǰҲ¼Ҽô΢˵㡣
Ѽ֮λİõģѾͨ¼ҵħΪѪɹ⻹ͬȵԸλȫġ
С·УųҲ˲٣ȻóʱǴҹϧûë
ڶ죬İ뿪ǰɽ
ٱ֮ʣλڽĸ
νĸֱڿһ¡
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·ɺףҷʺã׬ǮıҲͦġ
¾ݣBԣ˶͵ƸҰ
ĬBһû˵ǾͲҹȥ棿
һ˦ˡ
ЦԼһҪ룬ŴҹϧԽǲǣ
·ɺ׵ͷͬ
ɹЦ̧Դ˵Լչ˺Լûйűϱ㣬ԼøСģҲܵһʱ֪Σˡ
ĬBɵĵͷһչ˺ԼģзҶأҹϧҲұĺܺãǴйȥլۡҪʲôϢ鱨ʹһׯ԰ˣǱӹˡ
Ƕͷˣ֪ǶĿ顣
ģпմŷշŻؼҡ
á
ǽűУİĿĬBתʧߡ
һֱǵӰˣĬBš
ҹϧᱧס˵ʱȥ¼סЩ졣
չЦ⣺ѷպͷŴϡ
ҹϧ˼صãɡ
֮һʱ䣬ҹϧȫͶڷæĹС
ôչԪķչѸȶ֮гΪ֮еǿߡ
һЩЧ׷׸ͶЩԪдĹҾﲻҲǿͿģī
֮ǰսīȻսܣܵһͿҹϧпֶǵսľ鲢ûͽɥ֮ʹīĻʵһֱţ񣬵ȴõʱ
ʱһֱȵĽ죡
Щ괾ҹϧѴŴԪһ¥ǵĻʵҲԾ׼λˣ¶΢еͱҹϧѹ£˲֪ôģĬBȴǺֻΨһûϵһǣҹϧȻ÷շӭī
ĬB֪ʧʱ򣬺Ѿˣȥ鷿Ҵҹϧſڵ̫࿴ɫ¡
ʵüһۣ˵޷ˣʣµ̫Ůɡ˵꣬ƨ|һ̧ˣһ鷿ʣˡ
ҹϧɫƵĬBûӦͷе˵ҰЩ㡣
ĬBߵǰһưϣյʣΪʲôҪúսǿ󣬶ս·ܹȱ飬īôãһбޱȳǴ
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