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1911Ű󶨵ϵͳ01˭01ûôߵȨޣ޴ӵ֪֪1911Ž磬ȡŮ
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ķЦҡͷɴССˣϺСС·ģ¹꣬ЬӺͿȫ࣬ȥʱҲֻ·ҫֿҲΪá
Сһ㶣һҲǹɽĺסôƫԶҫͽ㶼·һûһҲȷʵΪá
С̾ʦĶ࣬Ҷ벻ǿȥʹҫˡ߰ɣǰŵϣѧУʰɾˣճƷûأҴȥϹ䣬Ҫʲô
ʦôƯ׾϶ҪòٻױƷɣױƷֻһңҴȥɣ˳ҲƼƼ£ҶữױҲôףٺ١
ķ絭Цûܾ˵ʵƷ·Ҫ˵ˣϵĵ꣬ʲôöءİײǻױƷѳİףǴСûôɻɹ̫ȻסСʦȻҲǱĵطʦȴǳģֻǱϵģƤƫƣͺķ󣬿ȥȴʮġ
СʦҲǺ⣬ܾȥˡ
Сķ粻֪ôģССˣͬصĳʹţǸо룬Ϊʲôأ
ڳˮķ綼ûôĮˣͺûһ˿һֱˡ


5 Լ
ԼӱԹ˵ȥϣûнؼңֻ˽㣬òУӺһ壬ͷǰʹϱ
ҫүү˵軵ϡͿظŵͷ
Դջѽĸµһŵ˵ԷʱӿԣǰЩ˳꣬ͽ
ԵһĸŮﷹ˶ˣֻһ
һССƺѾϰΪҲʼˮϴ룬Ȼ
ԼҵķӲûж¥ǰһ߳￲һЩԺӣұиʯ̨ϴ°塣ǲ񷿼Ӳֿ⣬мǴţŽȥݣԴԴүңһķ䣬ҲԼΰ˯ĵط
һ俿ӱŪҫ˯ķ䣬Ϊҫô˻Ǻ裬ûźϴϴŸǱӣĿǰһ˯
Ӻ˯ŮССүү˯Ϊҫ˯С䣬Сû̴ҲûרŪһڼҲܴССȻҲû˰׼ֻܺү˯
һ˵վ籾֪Ĵ֪СССү˯үүƢã̷ᰤᱻֱ´
ũضͯչˣ˵ԽԼԱʶһ˽̫ࡣССʱ˺ÿ
ССúү˯һǲԵģԭˣһ˯ǼСӣүү˯֪ʲôԱʶ֪Լϲϧԭû̫࣬꣬Ҫ򹤣Щźӳ󣬿ԽԽ󣬽ԼΰĻٿ飬ҪҫɲŻȹ꣬Ҳȥ򹤡
ԭæΪӿǣûСС˵Ҫһ˯ڣССүүм仹˸̡
ССһһŵȻҪү˯ͺµҪޡ
һһۣת뿪ߵԴүǰԴүµظũϻԺ麵̣˴ţԴĴ߶һ˵һǼ˵
һ߳Դү˵СС˯ˣҫȥ˯
Դүẓ́ͰȰȵس飺ʲôҫ˯Ҫݡ
һýֻ֪ͣͨһޣ˯ʲôСС͸˯ˣ˯Ǳܡ
ԴүԴЩ£ʲôǷˣ
ԴһȦԴү˵⻰Ϊ⣺ǻϣҵĹ˯ͦãССѾͷƬӣÿؿޣǳòС
ССû뵽ôСһˣ̨߳һ㣬ʱ̧Ÿ첲ɴۿŻصһ
裡ҿԺ˯
šһӦǰæԭᣬֻԭļ䣬Ťذæвףָе
Ȼһһεˣ̫
ʱԴû͵͵⳴ˣûжͶס˳߶һ£˵ʲô͸˯ЩԭԴﻹץҫţͶ׽Ҳ׽Ůһӡһ˵ҫȥԴ˯Դء
ԼҺڽҲϾÿ»ԼΰǮз⣬ֻǲԡ
Լģڴɽ岻Ǹʵˮƽࡣ׾ݣֲڶٹ꣬СССѧϳоͲˣֱӻֵذɻ˿رãã˵ȥֵԼҫѧ
˵ʱѾʼDľΪû䲼ƶķɣԺܶطִвϡټһЩƫԶũѧ鷳ƶѧһ£ѧӷ鱾ѻҪġ
ĲĳкһЩ΢õϳУѧѺ󣬻Ҫһѧڶʮ鱾ѡ
ʮҫһѧҪʮ飬ССҪֽʮ鱾ѵĳУ롣
ʱССĳɼرãɼôܺõÿ첻·ȥѧ鱾дд˲ػþ飬߰˵ؼһҪһЩũһ˯賿͵𣬶˵˯ʱӰ췢˯߲㣬巢ã˵״̬ѧϰû񣬼ҲУעûУȥһѭ
ǳˣԽССȥ˶һЩСѧе֪ʶѾѧһ飬ټϵͳĸɼִɺݡ
ССԼ˵ˮһܸıģССҪ˷ѣԶֹǰĳ
ҪܸıССأһϴ룬һСĴһ
ǼҼΰ˵ǮˣҪҺһ̨ϴ»ͨģǶۣԴģͻȻ˰˶ȣССǮϴҪѼҲ𣬲֪ϸһ𣡡
ССɨأԴϽߵһǰߴٵÿɨ
һҡҡͷССɨѣôʱԴˣҪһ˵Ҵģ
Դһ㶣һˣʮˣɻһʲôʱ룬Ѳǹģʹɫأ
Ҫ룬ôǮģ㲻ǰɣ˷ҶǮǰɣýҶ˻ţɶɶУҶסǵģ˸Ǯһһ
һʱͨĳͨ·һԴ˵ԣ˵öԣҪԼΰ顣
Դסˣʲô飿
ŸȰ͵ҲסˣЦ˵ҫ˵ɶҲǵģˤһ룬ˣƽ
һҲȰ˵¾Ҫ飬úܡ
ڴɽŮһֻù඼Ǳ飬ԭҲֶе˳ҵõˣеӽʵеŮǷծ̫֮࣬һŮˣö˶˵Ĳ顣
һںЩ˵ʲô˵Ҫ顣
ԴݺݵصһۣûĻ£ָŵϵһϽѵɨˣһ㻹ˡ
˵꣬Դż׳ȥһûһĻ档
ССΪҪ߰ٴ򣬽ôˣŵؿһ
裬ʲô飿ССһЩ˵֣鵽ʲô˼
һͷ˵ǣҺְָġ
ССһ͸¶Ųţ㲻Ҫ𣿡
һҡ
ССҵһ䵽ʵûãҲҪ
ĸŮʰҲڵòˣһԭļգԭֵظũ⣬ҲͷһеˮƽԴҲ˳첹޸·
˸մһϻϴˮߵԼԺϣԭǽ߻ŸŮˣָһ˵ӣҫҪĿӣС
ԭһ˵ҹҲûҵ͸ɴڴʱᵽһԸ˸·ⲻϾˡ
зһ˼Ҳ࣬·ƶԼҵߺз첹ҲҺͲĲɴˡ
еܲ©УòÿۣϲʣҪе˻ģԼģȳ̲һǿִЦˡ
Ůǽռɽģסϣ޼漦޹湷ǹϹ˴ɽϲ÷̻зһ˼Ҳ٣˴ɽû˵ЩС
ֻſӣ˵һҲһԿ
һϽҲĺһǮûĺãĲȡȥϸġ
һǼõСŮߺһȥСʰҪ¿ʼӻ
Լ˵һӸ··ĻǲмŮ˼Ǽң·Ҳ첹첹·ʲôѵģ治֪Ǯûطʹ𣿻Ǯ·


6 ״
ɽϲϱģûȡůȫ죬о˯ǰˮϴϴϴţ֫ůůҪ˯ǰֽûů˯һϣѶǱġ
ˮѲ񣬴ɽͨˮͨҲǰ£ŲˮĹ⣬Ǻܶ˼Ҳˮˮշѹ󣬸ɴûˮܣǿ˵·ƽʱã֮⣬Ҳûٵٵÿ
ɽ弸ÿҶ˾һͰ˩ӣ´ˮãʡǮ
е˼õˮһһͰˮĴձѡԼˮʡʡǮ
ƽҪˮˮԭССˮպˣˮҫ
һɲô࣬ԼȥˮֱӽССϴˣˮʪӣšɣ
ȵӸϣĨϵĻҺ࣬¶ۻմˮú˵ģʱСССӣƽžֻСӡ
һһָССϴССͱ̵˻һ
ʵƽԴϴҲ̣ϾΪ˱֤ϴŵˮ̽ţǰϴϴֵÿ죬ֻ̡ССᱧԹˮ̣ǸϴԴɲôࡣ
ҫԭϴϴúСģ°ѱˡ
ССһ֣ͣϵɢȥ٣ٸССϴʱ¶ȸոպãȺģ̫̣ڶոܵů
ССϴһ˫͸˫ۣЦݣһ
ڲЦˣûκα飬ǰˡ
ĸŮϴ꣬ˮˮһͰһϴ˯ˡ
Դ˰СʱûȵˮүˣʵڵȲȥˣһһպõˮûҲȫûʹǡ
ɸԼãȥһ
һԤϣǸ¹ƹȥסţţš
ССˣźޱ¶һСԴʣ裬̺
һۣ䵭˵˯ľ
ȻԴûļ£ٺʵҲˣװһû취ֻתȥˮϴ
ڶһ磬һʱ˾ˣǵһ˯Ϊϵͳʱֻߣ˯ߣ˯ȫɵ״ֻ̬ǳǳϢʱԿ״̬һĸֳӦҲصճС
һһ˯ŷྐྵȻȫĵķɣоһڳ
СС˯ʣѾڰᵲſڵ¹ˣСС۾裬ô󰡡
ǰԭҲСҪᶯôľ¹񣬲ôɡ
һССʰ·ȥ˿ˮ󵰣ССѧ·ϳԡһͲССѧˣҪڼ˸Ŀӡ
ССʲôһԼѧˣû뵽ȥѧȻмԡ
СС磬ΪҪ·ѧǰüСʱ˶˺þãҫԴĴߴ£̰Ŵ·Ьӣ۾ûѾǰ
ԴͻȻʲôܵȥûڹ￴ССӦŽȥļȥһݣҲûһˣСݿһѷһȵÿ֨֨졣
ΪʰԭļղһԼŸһ£ˣſʼӸĿӡ
Ӹһ˵һ´ҪĶ̣һû÷۱ǺţȻλãҲԺ
ԴһһССûļأ
һͷҲص˵Ҹˡ
ˣԴﲻŵŴ죬죬ǸҫģʲôôˣûԹԵģ
һ̲˵ѧֲûССļԺҲôѧУˡһѧУһãŹƽ
ƽʲôƽССˣҫŶ󣬴ҪСѼܵܳôˡԴֱĴȣָһͿҿӻˣӣһ첻ϷߣССŮҫͲĶ
һŷļַõļְܴѴܽţмżͻȻתԴ
˵һ顣
ԴһһʲôҪɱţҿҪˡ
һҡͷҲɱˣӽҵŮҵĶӣζԴǣܲš
ˣȼΰôʰ㣡ˣԴȴҿһǰѴӡ
Դ߳ȥˣʵ벻ͨһӵһôͻȻ˸ˣѶӵİָŮ顣ΰ绰úùܹԼŮˡ
ԴȻ˵ȥΨһһõ绰ǶӴ绰
ʱѾƶ绰ǻռռˣɽҲһõϡ
Դùõ绰ԼΰȥԼΰմӹػص˽˵绰
ԼΰΪʲôҪ£һԹŵ¡
ԼΰأܲҪʶ˵軹޹ؽҪСʲôƫŮ飬ʲôʲô˽𣬿϶˵أȻһ굽ͷ棬һֱܺá
˵ˣһŮˣ޸һһŮˣôŮ˸ȥܻȥźжమҫ˭
裡㷳ģһٸģ϶ܣ˵ءͲʡʡģҪܺӾܣ꿪Ҫȥˣ᲻úӲģҺܿúú˵˵
Դﻹ˵ʲôһͷԼΰѾͷҶ˵绰ǵģ绰ôëǮһأ򼸷ӣ̶һˡ
ŵ绰ԴЩΣСϰʾǮޣһˡ
ţȼΰһᡣԴһۣһСе绰ÿδ绰õϰĵ绰շѡ
ϰ巭˸ۣ˱ϡ
ʱﺢӻúܣҫԶͿСվ̣Ͻܹ̣Ҫ˲ιҪ
˲ιȻ˲ιһ̵ʳҲˣëһҲëһġ
ԴҲûǮʳҪһǮˣںӵʱ򣬾ͼԶһŸĺõĿ͸ӡ
ùһϱ˱ȣϲѣӴ֣ŲصöӴձϼ¥ǼҸ·ĺöˡ
˵ţҲûŲǮӶͳȻɣëǮһл´һ㣬ĵãʱһ
ԴǰһһҫţǶǮȥҪȥ
ҫֹͣ˿޺԰ˣ϶


7 ѵ
һССѧʱŵСССζأټϺһ˯һʰøɸɾҲ
һһɾϾ֮ǰֻһϵͳνɲɾǣζһŵᡣ
˺һקסҫĸ첲۵ҫ໽У裡ץˣҶˣ
һСϰ壬СϰͲСʮңһӣС˵Ӵҫ裬ԣ͸¡
һƽؿҫûԴָ˵ʳƷԶ˰θڣмأӰ巢裬ҫЩ뺦𣿵ȼΰͺø״𣿡
һޱ˵ֻʵǹ죬ĻҲʳڴɲʳƷмأȻҲ֪ʲôء
Դ죬ƱиԣҸղȰţǲǿˣ簮ܹġ
һͷţǰ簮ҫҵĴҴӽ󲻻簮͸ԡ
˵ţһ·һϸֻ֦СĴָϸץ֦һͷһֻץҫ
ҫһ֦ʱͷӦˣɲɵҪʰأ
ϧҫѾˣһƱֶקĸ첲͸ϻǯһ
һץҫĸ첲֦ҫ̯ơ
ҫ֣߬Сȭͷʼ໿ޣҲˣҲˣ֪ˣ
һΪҫֺ̣ҲˣȾң
Դޣæôⲻû
һߣûԣǰ֪˶ټأʣԺȸ󣡡
Դп಻һڣǷ迩ʲôHĻ˵
Ա߿ϷǸЦˣһȰһ̲סЦҫ㻹ǱôӣŻŻ£ǸȸɶզΪ
һʼϹǻǰɣССȥѧ˳㱻ҫʦס˵ҫƽʱѧУûٳʳʳָͬѧԣ¿γϿҲԣ緹Ծͳʳʦ˵ˣЩʳƷӰ콡巢ȻĪҶǰ಻Ҷûô¹壬Ҹҷ𣿡
һ˵ʲôϾһܽԼӣҲ̫ߣӵԼҺӣû͵ʳŵüСҿԡ
Դﻹһ⶯ر󣬺Ѱҫ֣ʵһСġ鵽Դ
Խϸ֦ԽۣԴ˲һۣ۵ӴֱС
һޱ˵裬ÿ㣬Сˡ
Դþץһ֪һ˼¡
ҲסҫҲû˺һٳ顣
ʵ֦鲻û¶صˣҪۣ۵ҫһϡ
ССϦصɽʱ֪ܵܽ찤һٴ
趼᲻ôܵܵģܵܲǵƤˣ˶Ǻţֻаְֺүүܵܣ̶һζ簮ССССãְֺүү*Ǹصģ̫̫ˡ
ⲻ֪ɲŵܵܵʱһ㲻ңİְֺүүҲǳڲ簮ӵ뷨ҫֻǵСӷѣûģв簮
ôһССĿеѾİְֺүү
ССиܣʵܵܣ˵˶ǽ㣬Ӧչ˺Ͱܵܡ軹˵ܵʵΪи顣
ԵܸܵճʱССʵǺϲģү̸ĸԵܵܵĳ谮ԽԽԣܵܳˣ·˵ˣͱòɰˣɰǳɶϲճϲĶϲѧǮ
Сӻģ´˵ΪԼƽδССҫѧ
Ⱥﶼн׼֣֮οˡԼңССǵλ͵ˣȻ裬̡ҫүүԼΰ
Ȼľһ˱仯
ԭǰ簮ӣŮТţϹľһͻݵĺ衢ϱšһһʲôͻݣͳͳҪҪ˸ȴһ˵
Ķһ˴ұΪǼ£⣬˵ƫԶƶĴˣûо죬Ψһɳϣܲˮܱߺüӣֻܹ֣Ͼƫࡣ£ǲȥġ
һڴſڽӵ·СС˻صңԴ״ŭԴүһССһ߶ȥԺɨѣͺ;űⵣԴүϡ
ȻԴүҲһٴȻһҲûõȥϰԴүıⵣ£õͷۡ
ʹһ˵ҲһĸоȻʹ¡һûм¼µеϵͳ˵ʵϴ󲿷ϵͳ
һûһʼûаװ˵ΪһϵͳǳϾɣЩʲôģͳͳûװ
һ۹ۣ¡ԴүˣϹͷ˼ɨѴ򣬹ͷʼʹˡɨѿɲǳſſɨѣ֦˿һɨѣ˿ˡ
ԴﱾŻؼҸͷһ״ͷʰһ˭룬ӱһһ˸ʰˡ
ССԺ￴һУĿɿڴҪΪﱧ飬ơ
һһ֮ԼڿأھѶȰܣһ֡
ɨһ˦һߣӣССԷﱧżոµ飬ɻѧУ·ģ
ѧУֻпѧʱһ½̲ģԼŪ˻ôţûǮԼȥһûǮССûǮ
ССҡͷųݵĹ⣺ʦҵģ飬˵ţϿβ鶼Խ̡
һͷλķʦȷʵǸˡ
ֻϧλ˵дȥѧҼҷã꣬ɽ·ˤˡ
ķֻ࣬ǳǳһΣ˵ŮССʦССڷܿ̿ѧϰϣ֧ССɽССжѧûȵСС飬λķʦΪȥ


8 ׬Ǯ
Դүڴ˼죬˵Լͷʹ͵˼ûȥɽ￳񡣵ûþͱԴӴ鲻ԸϿ񵶺ͱ¨š
һ˴ֵϻҪסһݣԷˮջ벻Էֹֻ֣סһ
˫ƽϢս𣬵һϢĶڼ
ԴѼһЩζϻɶķ⵼Դүҫ극˳꣬һ㷹˲ССһĺöƷ˷ڷһĸŮء
һҲа취Ӧԣ˵ܶණˣǴ඼ľǸ¾ɵ̶һջǯ˿ˡ
һǲԼҲССһγʳζССǸҪӪ񿴼ΪΣһһ㶼ʹá
Դͷõÿ죬Ȼÿŵ˵ζͻóһһʹĭˣһǰ㲻Ӱ죬Ī˵ˣµġ
ǰϱϵҲԴиԭĴ̶ԭһ̥˸ŮԴ˶ܲ⣬һֱ꣬ûԭɫССûӾͱµظɻֱҫԴŰķ˴ϣԭ̬Ҳ΢תһ㣬Ҳֻһ㡣
ССС֪̲үүǴûȻչܻʱʱп̾ΪʲôǸкԸ˸ܵܣ˵ǿԶһҵܵҲᱣ衣
ǣܵܳǰְֳ򹤣үүæµظɻҪҪչڱԹҲûȵ֪ܵܳ˸ܵܵ˸չ˵ܵܡ
ǰ̺ìܣүүͰְܻװϱֵòɿˣɰְվһ䡰ˣʲôɳġ̺ϨͣսͻߣССѾװԼͥıԹԼҵĿߡ
ڲһˣ費˵֣һͺпɨѾͿɡ˵ĳССһκһΣ±˷𣬵貢ûзֻһƽغ̴ܡ
СС裬еϲ
һԴĶûͣﰵڼһߣһ𣬷һĶԴүһʼԴҲˣЩŮ˾鷳ɴװͳȥɻҲܴĵûɸɣͳȥź̰죬ڴ߶˵л
ССҪѧһڼҽһЩ߻˭·ˣ˭ҺӴ˳˲һѡֱͯװɲˣһҲʮ飬ȥгۣܽ׳Ϳʽѡ˼Ҫࡣ
ǳԼѾͲһˣǮֹѣʡʮʮһܶƿʽͳ룬ԼҺǣһǰһҲˣ۾°ѺɨһȦӶôãúѡ
㻹˵Դһӣȥ˵һһǶշѵͣýȥϸģĵûܺˣĶͳȥһǶѡ
տʼǼëǮһǮ޸ķ첹ѣʡǮһܲѣһ˵ԣ˾˲һѱȷ첹޸Ĺһ㣬Ҳֱ±ˡ
ǿˣɽ˼˵ԣƶ壬أŸﺢѣȥȥһĻźӭӵڶĸûѣô죬һѵ˲٣Ӻü˵⣬׬Ǯ࣬ûлǮĵط²١
£һܹ¶ʮë֣һԻҵ֪Դϵͳﴢ֪ʶЩ֪ʶԴʷأСʷͬ
ʱСDǷڷͨķֱңһ޴ӵ֪֪ƫԶĲˮ򡢴ɽ壬ֱһõġˮ̴಻շֱң鷳ɽﵹǻá
һ׬ǮĳССһȥϣССЩֽʣϰ⡣ˮϴɾ˻ãЩƾɵ鱾ֽȷʵûˡ
ССδùôոµıӣҵͬѧþӵԼ˸СƤʼá
ոµֽʣССŶд֡
ϵҵֺܶ࣬ʲôֱʲôӢıʲôѧֽŶһʣǷǱͨİױӹࡣ
һ׬ĶʮǮǸССֽʾͻȥǮ뵽ϵĸۣһֻͷԼڴշѡ
ָĴСĳģһոëǮһǮⶼˡַ첹Сֻ·ˣϣո֡
ˮѾɽˣҪϺüСʱִܵˮʹɽ˵ԶϵѧǳԵĶǼëǮʳֻԴЩ簮ӵļҳ򡣶ɽͨҧҧŻǮһ˼ʮ·һﲹ
һշϵĲ÷Ѿ˺ܶˣý߼·͹ˣֻܽۡǣһҪö˽һ룬һûбҲ˵ΪˣϽҲ˵ëҲУģҲƽЩˡ
һհõһѸڵϱ壬ǮأųЦźҫ˻ˣڴء
⻰һûʲôӦԴһ´Ӱ嵽Ժʲôΰ
ЦŵͷԣڴڸӼɢء
ԴȲסϲ˵ֱ֣ݺݵصһһ㿴ţΰˣôʰ㣡
һޱ飬ãԼΰˣ͵ȥϰѻˡ


9 
ǣԼҺӿ棬ôţԼϱ˺ܶأְ
ڵԼΰڸɢ̣ҲԼ̷ָһЩƽｻõǡеǳеͬһȺվڴڣơ
ӺԼΰǺֵܣ˴Сһɿ㳤󣬽ӵԼΰɢ̣Ȳѣ٩ŶϣǺɽ϶Ҫ߿һСǷɻڴˣ
Լΰزסĵ٣ЦŰ֣ѽҲУҸϰɻʱɢңǸʲôDˣüʮһһһǮˡ
ֵЦôɶҶҲܽͳ飬Ҳûɶ𡣡
Լΰ˸ۣ˵йĵһ飬ڸжһͲ˰ɣлһ֪ˡ
һЦһͷЬ룬һ⣺㻹֪ɣ߿һĺɽ˸ɼ߿أ߿Ǯܸͷü⣬ҫ򼸱ϰ˰ɡ
ôһ˵Լΰе㲻ˡôһ굽ͷ򹤣òһ£ͷǵü࣬ôǰɣ
ҪԶԴӴΰΰ
ԼΰûӦأԴ˵ΰǻˣǲ֪ۼǸȻҶִҰҶһˣҪӴ
һԼڴ¶ȫ嶼֪Ϊ򵽺׶ȰˣǴθ˰˫οߣһһТ˳ţҺ͹ŴܣԼڲˣΪëƤСºͶϱֳ
ͷ˵ĻǺзģϾƶֵءͱʲôҲҪβģˣԼںҲûһˣȻǾΪ򲻹һ
ڶӻˣԴųˣϽ״
Աߵ̲סЦȥɣҪַ쿩ǲ˰Լﶼܲá
⻰˵ԼΰеʲôܲԼЩ˻᲻˵
ԼΰϽ˼ңûţյԺ棬ͳɤӺããһˣأ
һСŷһ˸·أúܣˣôѡ
֪ǲΪ˸оӵԵʣڵһԭƣϹ۷Źίһشȥ߿࣬黯е̵Լΰ
ջ۵̺ļɲũԭŶʮ꣬ò̬ȴˡԼΰںԼһһ꣬ЩԽԽ
߽Լΰȴ֣ڷһǰһ䵭㣬βں󾱣¶ϸĺ󾱣źȴһ㲻ӷףŲŷһ֨֨죬¶湤Ĳϸָʮˡ
ãԼΰҵ˵ʱĸо̲סЦǰЩ
һޱ̧ͷһۣŶ㰡ãûʮ꣬ȥϰѻˡ
ʲôԼΰһ£ʲôôûһҪ飿
ԴҲе£˵飬İ
ǰһ˵飬ԼڶûĻ£һغԼΰʱԴҲˡ
飿ǿ϶УӺòȢҪ޴ũϱĶȥ
һ˳˲ԴǵԴүҫй費Ҫ飬ַȰһ룬Ϊ˺̡ңԼΰԼûԲһΪʲôҪ鰡
Լΰ⣬ֱӾʳˡ
һĿɨһͷһ߲һߣеģͨ࣬Ȳпܷͺͷһʮ죬ٶ첻ڼչ˺ӺͳڸĸТŮȣĻ̶ȵͣѧʸӣһѡͥһ㣬ŮǶӣļͥĸףжϢ
ĸΪ˺ǨɼӰҲҵĺӣ˺ͼͥۡҪǮûǮҪûܸҵĺʲôأʵĺӣָССԼʶΪҫ
Դһ¾ŭˣôҪûˣԼӻˤˣ»ˣͲû˨Ͽˡ˵˵ȥҪǮûǮǹؼӾǰݽ٣Ǽˡ
һԼҲһˣӶˣҲʮһ꣬ҪҲˣôڲĪǣѾҵ̵ʵˣԲôҪԼΰ飿
Լΰ˵лǿ飬ûٿӺͱ˹Ĺ£һͷ̣ĿѣڲôŸõˣż߿Ӳ룡
ʱȻûʲô侲ڣҪһͬ飬黹ǵõԺ顣ûзԺģֻһǳªķͥͺûйֻ֣ɳһ
Ҫ飬һȥķԺߣ鷳úܡ
ǣԼΰͬ飬ȥܵǼ顣
ҪԼΰ룬ôһ˵ȷʵ鷳
һֿ˿ԴҪǲͬ飬ǵȿ꣬Ҿȥ飬ҪӵĸȨҪŮġ
һԼΨһıҫԴͼˣûأӵˣӣȥɣ
ʵһѹͲҪҫĸȨֻҪССģֻѧһԽҪʲôչֳ˿˾ͻס㡣෴ԼôҫôһҫԼˡ
һûԴֻؿԼΰ룬ԸúúЭ̣ҫ㣬ССңһܳȥ̽ҫ㲻룬ҾҪȨһҫĸȨͿɱٸԼһȥٸնˡ
ǼΨһӰնˣȰ߸ֲԴʱŭˣǰҪȥץһ
һһϵļĵжԴԼΰӦ죬ϽѼ£
һͷҪǲ룬ÿ趼ῴһżǰ
һޱģͷƣԵøˡ
Լΰղŵһۼľϲûˣһ⻰ʲô˼Ҫǲ룬ÿüŻ
һŻأһأ
ŻңԼΰס裬Լ׳ɱǷģŲϱ
һɻҲɱˣֻ˯ž˯ô
һˣοҪֳӣԴԼҲƽʱ߶һ䣬ҲûôǵǸ
Լΰǲ⣬ԼĺӺ˶չˣô궼ˣûϰ


10 ż
һⷢҪ治Σĸӻ֡
Լΰֲ飬ȢϱѰһûиĻ˽ǰҲкüµڣ˵룬á
϶룬ҲôǿӲ˵ȻһǽԼΰһϼƣȴӦţȹ꣬óȥΪڣ飬ͥҲһʱ䡣
ǰһҲӦҪһȥ򹤣ܰҫߣǸУũ񹤵ĺҲסСѧѺӴߣڳСѧһͲˣⲻǸ˺ӸõĻ
ⲻ֪һͲǸԭˣ˵ĺӣҫСС
һǵһεˣر䲻óʶٻԡ
ǱԼΰϴӦ飬ǹڼ˼ԱҲ÷ż٣һҪ˻飬סĶأǼˣǿ϶һסԼңģҲûǮⷿӣҪźȥ
һһҲֵ̫ССûضסԿסͼССС濸ס
ǣԼΰӦˣ˵ȹ룬һҲˡ
ȵ˯ԼΰԼ˯һŴȴ˸ŸһˮССϴ꣬ͰԼΰߣôŶûӦ
ԱŸ£ԴԼΰóΪһʱ֪Թٻˡ
û취Դſʹһ䣬ǴҵĹͷԼΰѴŷһǼСʰԼΰ˯
ҪסˣһҲµԼΰ˯ϻûȳ극ͰѷһᵽںСС˯ķϸϹ
ССűڴϣ¶СԴŴ߲ŷһڰҹϹһĵƵ߶¶棬ЩΪչΣǽһЩλöպˡ
ʽԲݣ߻ƣ߻۾֣öͺ󿴲ߣ֡һȵúܣҹܽһ΢¹⣬۾յһйߡ
ҹϹһ˵£ȴۡ
ԼңССĺӶԲԲãԼ˷ŵһܳԵжáԭǰƳҲѺóԵĺúȵĸҫˣȻˣһֱܺá
һΪϵͳϢǿǳϵͳҲڵһЩһĵǿ
ʵҪļҵһȥ˵ԱǻƣܸɵòܿϧûļҵԸרſһλλһ˸ɣʡǮ
һûȥԭسҲģҲȥܲƵĻ治˵Ƚӵ·ĻܵǮ
˯ʱССְԼΰķŵˣܿԼΰͲˣһżϾСķһͼɶĶˣһȥǼݡ
˵ҲԼռķ䲻˵˯һʲôԼΰ͵ͬӵһѵĴϰ£ڣȻ˯һ𣬲
ôװͰ͵ȥǮءһ뵽һʣݷ˸ˣ˸һԼΰˡ
ССµҹھܲϮ˯ȥһߣѷһȵÿ֨죬ҲûܴСС˯ߡ
ڶһѸϹõ·ˣ壬˶ë˵Ǵģһһ֮ÿ϶ϰҹˣҲͦ׵ġ
һо۾ЩɬǰҹӰģԼ΢ļӿ졣룬ŵÿһ½ʱ䰾ҹƵˡ
ʱһĽı꣬СС¶꼶Ҫ鱾ѵǴˡ
ССıκһ춼ҪΪǱѧڵһ죬ǰ쿼ĩԣҪɼ
ֻռѧͨʦõһֽʵĳɼеİ༶ܵòϣųɼѧˣеİ༶Ҫҳڳɼǩ֣¸ѧڿѧʱͬҵһ
ȻССİǹܵϵģķʦǵĳɼǳעأķʦһ͵ǵİΣһεİ࣬ҪɼҪҳǩ֣ѧڿѧȥ
ԭССǺϲλķʦģΪķ粻ͬѧУʦƯᣬƽ⣬ѧ֮ǰǸװͰ͵İΣʦֱѧĿʦ
ǣΪʲôʦôϸ񣬷ǵǰѳɼҳǩ֣
ò˵Ȼûʲôģڽɼʱ򣬳ĸҪȻССòãĳɼֻʮ˵İֻеƫ¡
СѧѧӢڲˮСѧܹҲĺѧţʦʵǲ룬˵ˣ˵ӢﵥʵĹʦ롣
ôţССһŶĿ56ѧ30պÿ˵ʮ
ʱССɼԼҾȻԸѧԭҲֻΪԼиҫ
ͷ̥Ƕӣôûж̥ĳˡʱ߻ǶŮߣԼΰһڹϸɻͷʲôĸҵΥ̥ӰԼΰǮһ棬ԼԸǮҲҪ̥
ҫǰ1000鷣ģҪ֪ʱһǧɲԼΰڹۻһ²һǧ塣
ΪҫǮҪССҲССʹﵽѧʱԼҾȥ顣Ϊʱл˼ңҪ̥ķֻһŮŮǿDĵһѧ¼ȡ˵һǮǰһǮɰǸ۲ֱˮ
ŮΪһҲΨһһϴѧŮϵѧѹ˴һɫäСѧҵޡ
һ꣬ö˶ѪԼҺӰŮȥ飬ԽȥԽû˼ÿѧ鱾ʮʮأŮ޶˷ˡŮȶȥַ׷װԼҵ޽лũ
ԼûнССΪ˵ǸѧŮҵˣ޸˳ˣ˼гзֱӰѴĶϸȥסˡ
ɲˣԼ룬ôƾЩССҵҲĻǮĳˣͺñһҰһֻѱö˻Ĺ*ȻǺõļǮСС꼶Լȥ
ǣԼܹȥǰǣĳɼܹ֧ĳСҪŹζ񣬻أܶСѧҵͲˡ


11 
ȻķʦκܺϾǰѧڣССһߴ˯һǰʦϽȵĽΣʵѧãõĽҲ
ССĳɼųصĲصңɫɣһ
Ҫ˵Լ˶ССĳɼһ㶼ںǲܵģϾСС֮ǰɼãҲóȥھݴ꣬˵ԺССҪܼ޸ˣҲܸССǮܵȢϱǷء
ССؼҵʱһڼңѰҹõ·ȥˡɽɽܶҲɽϵλƽغԴ󲿷˼ҵҲɽϣһɽ·͹ȥ
һ·Ǯصȴ֣ССڵϣԴ裬װһˮֻҪСС΢һбˮͻһ
ССŵĵطɢŴСһϸʯӶ´ſӹȥҲᱻЩʯӶۡ
ģ˭һСţ
һԶԶӿ˽Ųϻؼҡ
һԼԺӣȥͰССͷ϶ŵ˿һֺȣһˮһβ©
ȶ˿һСС㶥ˮʲô
ССۿһ¾ͺˣŴŵ¡ǰ費ίؿΪңһޣͻ˵Ů޾Сǽ飬޿䲻񻰡ڵȴúܰģίǰοǶ˵£ΪСҲΪ飬ΪŮޣΪΪί
СС޵һһģ˵Ҳ϶ĩûãʦóɼҳǩ֣ѧڿѧҪͺҵһ𽻣ְֿ˳ɼң˵ǩ֣ѧҲȥѧˡ
Բ̫ˣҾǲЩ⣬ѧᣬӱûá
һü˵㣿
㱿ѧڲ㿼˰ϵһ𣿡
СС죬ֹ𣿿ÿ˶˵ԣڵû˵ķʦҲû˵
һ۳ĬССŴ
Լΰˣÿһ⣬һ˵һ٣ΪϳԲãҪڶϲжԣмʮСʱóԺõ㣬Ȼ׶
Լΰ÷żڼңһ޸飬Ҫ£Դ˵ÿԷҪһԴвӶˣû취컵һڵķˡ
һҲеزúССԣܳϱķȻѳԡʱһŷֹ˱ķ˻ǮˣҲæϴˡ
Լΰϱת⿪ʼشǰĸļһһˮʱԼΰк˺˵һ𡭡
ȡֻû˵ڣһˮʹԼΰͷȥ
ԼΰһҵļУϵԼҲŵԱһ㡣
ԴүǶԶԶģԴﷴӦųӲˮ
ɶҪҶˮҶҪǲˣҲ㣡
ԴֱţԼΰֱ£ƢҲˣ𳤰ʾͳһҹԼҷԵİũܳĳľʣխָߣ湵ֻܶ࣬ץסһ̧ܴˡ
һҲûµģЦһŮԺˮҲˡ
ʲôŮ֣һûʸˣԼΰŵӾһԴҡ
һһ㣬̧ŶԼΰһţߵԼΰԱһ
ԼڼһĻʱը˹ڸææһŸ裬Լڴսٻغϡ
ССܽһĻŵĿɿڴһŤͷֵܵҫźҪܳȥ
һһȻһ㲻·磬ԼΰڹϸɻģȻСһǿܻ֣Լڣǿһ˰һ裬Թ˵ģ趼ȥ
ҫܳȥССӦˣɨۼĶȻȥջǯջǯģϸ̡
̫ĶССòɴջǯźһԼΰƨһ
Լΰǵͨ죬һݣ
һûٸһƣһһʮԼΰѪ
ҫһȰܣʱһȫˣԼΰҲûõȥǸ˶֪һӹȥˣʵڲлˡ
ԼΰҲ̲ȥˣ䵭һ˵Ҳܱ
飬һҪ飡
ˡһļϡηֲƲηָȨ˵á
Լǿ϶ҪҫĸȨһǮָһһûпҪССĸȨҲҪҫĸȨ
ԼȻ⣬˫ִ£ʹ׸ȰҲԼе֣ҪӵĸȨֲϸǰһ㲹զģҪҪ
ңԭ޵ԼǿΪ棬һֲûҪʱԭҪ񣬱ԼΪ氮ǺŮˣȴ֪˱˵˻ԴŮۣҪôƭ϶˩ˡ
˵ףԭ޵Լǳ˿ģ˼ΪԼһһŮТ˳šڼּңһ㲹ûУҪӵĸȨЩˡ
ҪֵȥҲ˫ͬУҪһǵӵĸȨǱضȥ˾ʱũ൱ɻ˾ΪǷ˴˲ŻϷͥǳѿΪ˾ܷǮܶ飬ֻҪϽһֵȥ
ӵĸȨҲҪԼΰԼҶ磬ǿ϶ҪġŮԼΰ뵽ССһƨɣƨۻʹأϡã鲻У۶࣬Ů
Լΰҧҧ˵ԸһǧһȻӸŮһ
һ߼̨һ
Դ캰أֱӵڵҵȣһƽʱڼ۸ô
Ҳ˵лҪְﲻ̫ܣϾһӵ£ҪȰͣ´γ㻹˼Ҷ£ҪȰ룬˼ˣпܷ˫ֻǴͷܴβͣתͷ˼Һͺˣһء
ԴҲͿͷ˵䣬ûԸԴġ
һǰԭľһΪΪͥĺŮ󣬶㲻⳥˼ƾʲôһ㡣ټһ·շѱˣϸ£вٴŮ˰˵
һǿ϶Ҫ⳥ģñֳһʧȥʹĸоһǧǮԼΰ˵ʱòȴǷѻˡ
һɲúŪԴ֮ǰ˵Լΰϴ»أһ̨ϴ»ɲˣôûǮ
Լΰֻٿ飬ʣ߰ٿǷȻ˫ԼҫԼΰССһֱӾȥϰ֤ˡ


12 ⷿ
˵ҪܸܵţְҲ˵ֻҪܵܣССվȺУССһûҵļߣһ
ְ趼ֻܵܣƤһȥܵаү̰ûκ˰
Ȼһ˶ֳˣûˣԼҸǣм͹ˣһԼΰ飬̱ҪһĸŮߡ
Լ˾ʹһĸŮʰȥϰ飬ϾͲûˡ
֮ԼΰôΪжһ෴һиģֻǲܽһµͻȻ˸Ƶġ
ûϵԷľʵûУԼΰͲţҪһĸŮȥˣһҪ飬ΪԼǣҲΪССǰɡ
Ȼ֤߳Լΰ㶿һǣССתˡ
ԼΰϽסһιšǸҫ裬Ǿôˣסģ
ССĬץһ֣Ѿ͹ΪʲôҪװܵܵĸȨˣǲǲðְֺ֪ȻͲΪȡǮˡ
ССô۵Ļ֪ûֻܵܲ͹ˡ
ʱССҲ֪Ҫȥס衣
һ˵޹ء
˵꣬ǣССˡ
ԼΰҧЩģе㲻ģһǰȥֺãʲô£Т˳ŵһƾʲôҪȥһ
ԼΰĵʱһĸŮӰѾʧĴ·ϡ
ȻԼΰѵסȷʵǸ⡣
һȫ¾300飬ֻһұݣҲдһϾ͵30300鲻ס£סá
һ磬Ҳȫ˽ûٱ飬죬˸ѵʱĸҲѣǣǻûģͶǹƵġ
һʸʲô£Ǻ޲ýϸҹ
ƶСϣûʲôҪסݣдĵطѻ쵼֮⣬һЩ¥ϷӣЩϷӿ԰ˣ˵Ҫһ٣ĸҪ١
һٵĻǵ䣬һ㣬խ˵˴򼷸鷳ٵ̫ˣһûôǮ
һһֿŸƤڴһǣССⷿũóšũóǲˮΨһⷿĽֵһµĴб£ʯ̳ɵĽֵúܣ߾ⷿͲ¥һȿߣһŹȥһھһ䷿ȵ˻ǲôι̵שʯˣĵطһ
ķûн飬ԼʷûпգǮ⡣
һأǸʮŮˣİС⣬̬
׷һȫȥһֻһ䣬һĻٿһ£һԸձ˵㣬һ¡
ǣһĶȥһ⣬Ҫһһף̫˷ǮҪһ䣬̫ˡ
һ᲻ѵʱȾͷһŲ˵˵
ʦֻпշӣɡ
鷳СʦҶԷҲûɶҪеķ䣬û˾С
ûˣɲ
СüͷˮһзסⷿסҲϸɻˣЩﵥסŮ֮٣ĸŮûˡЩ¥ͣһ䷿סһ˶ˣеһ䷿һŴһϯ˯һҼڶС
˵Ż϶¥úһŤͷ߶ϡ
ӴǲҫҳôأСʦȳк
һҡҡͷҽһԼΰˣҫ֡
֮ǣҫĳĳƺһ
ķ練Ӧ죬ϽӻҲԣСǣССʲôⲻż𣿡
һķ磬ԱߵСķ˳ۣƽ˵ⷿӣ˻ûطסٿһ䷿ٿһ׷ң˺⡣
СʦһİƣӴⲻʦҲҷأǸɶ㣬Ҫ㿼ǿǺʦ⣬ʦеĺ⣬ֻһŮޣⲻǡ
ķһС㣬Ϊһֳϲҫĳĳ
Сʦһ㣬һΪһȷʵķ綼ССʮˣһôҲöʮߣأֵطˡС㡱ʵ̫òе˾;áС㡱Ů֧Ůĳƺ
СʦôһᣬķҲÿԿǣ΢еԥϾССѧѧԼҳסһ飬˵л
ķ紿ˣڴĲ㣬ڲˮСطײһϰΪѧҳߵýƫ̻ѧǸѧСɶģҲû˻˵ʲô
Щǣһûô࣬˫ֱķ磬ʣУҾÿԺ⣬Ҳٿһ£о⣬ȥұˡ
ʵϣˡҡˮǸƫԶƶСϿշ࣬Ͳ࣬˿Բϴ󲿷־Ǳˣ˭ûзأǴԽӣҲùǮⷿӡ
ķһһҪȥұˣϽ˵УǾͺɡ
ҵ˵Ҫ׷ҪҪȽһ½һΡ
һԼΰǶٿ飬ȥ150齻⡣
һǮʱ򣬵һθܵΪʲô˶ǮˣǮȥȥһ
һޱ飬İۡķ絹һº͵ЦݣһССԴЦ˵ССԺʦھҵҪŶʱ顣
СС̧ͷ裬ȴһڷ
ķŤͷһƢŹֵѧҳ֪òദءˣٲദҲܱѧУá
˵ķΪʲôźúõѧУ᲻סǵûǮⷿסԭ˲ÿˡ
ԭķյѧУʱסûͦõģȻˮУҪԼգԡһģǺޣѧУʳһģȥҪԼȥ
ӾˣЩķ綼̣֧̻֮࣬ǰ׼ʵû뵽࣬Σա
дķͰˮȥϴʱڲǺޣǽǻͺשģ൱ªûţֻһȳɫſڹšŮֻλķҪߵĿλԱȥϴ裬û·һŤͷ￴˫۾ڶ
۾Ǹһڰ׵ˣβߣһ۾Ϳóǲˮ򱾵ˣǸɿġ
ķ类ŵôһССͬѧУʦǸ͵Ѿˡ
ķһ£ŵþδСȥοʦˣֻó̾һ
ķ翴ͬµıϰΪСզ¡
ԭ²ǵһˣСʱҲǸҲΨһһڵǷ˵ģԺСÿϴ趼һλͬͬһʱûΪûˣ˭뵽µķʦһַ¡
СͬôȰķ綼סѧУˣǶ໨ǮҲҪȥһ΢ȫĵطס


13 
ֱһľʹұ߿ǽǵӹ񣬵ûеӡ̨ӵúüٿ飬û𣬷ΪͻǮ
ŲȽǿ΢⻬ˮذ壬ûеש˵غûûɶ𡣿иľ輸棬滹ɵĳ롣
輸һųɳΣľͷģ·һģֱҪһĭУȻƨɡ
ڷ棬ӳʳΣȽխõúϺȻӦӶûͨȻúϣõú϶в֪ĳϹ
ûгֻ̻һմתȣһȿֱӴ򿪵Ĳ
ұǴԣһȴһŴһ¹һûˡ
߳һ̶̵ȣԣҲдֻԵĴ˻ΪԾڿӹǽ棬ͨŷ¥ȡ
һ׷ӿȵһȴһһԡ
һźӣסĸŮסԡķ粻̫ϲסڿȵλãǻдͨԺⲿȣûаȫУķ籾Ҳסԡ
ֻϧⷿǲģһŷӶҪϲȥȾͷĹ䣬ϴϲһ𣬺ҪŮҲţȻķ
һֻʰССЯ̨һû̫ˣҪǣӣʵڲ㣬Ȱٻشȥᡣ
ķǸɾģԼѧУǱ̱߰׼ʰһӡ
û뵽ﻹиɾһһЯģϾССͻزȥԼˡ
ķȥʱ䣬һɨѺͼëӣʼԿҡĴɨ
СССҲСһӹˮһææǰæСڴﶼæˡ
¥ķûͨˮܣֻгû䣬ҲûˮܣҪˮϴ˻ˮҪȥӡһķ˵ûʲôӰ죬ѧУʦԺȶѧһѧУʳãȻѧУסܳʳǶ١
һͲһˣʡǮĵһԼʱûĹڼеʱ䣬Լ൱ʡǮ
һ뵽ﲻֹССķʦǵķ¼ңɾûȻһµݣɴ۵ʱһʦҪһ𣿡
ķҡҡͷˣóɣҲ
⵹ģķû飬̸ֻһѣֶûǣ˼Ҿ˵Ҫȥ֧̣æ¼ҡ
ķ󸻴󣬵ȫD㸻ԣ£ĸȥ飬ѧɼҾǲģǳСͥ
ֻ͸磬ĸĸŮãĸŮУóԺúȺôԸϼӹ̣ܽίΣûжҪѧͶͼ˺Ժ˻ϹžС
ķѧʱܵһλʦӰ죬ᶨҪ̵֧ģŻڸĸ֮£ˮ̡֧ĸϣһƽ̹׵ĵ·Լѡһѿĵ·
ڼұķ磬ҪֳɵѧУʳòԣΪʡǮԼ
һҲֻʣķĻش𲻻κӰ졣Ϊ˵ľܾеʧ䣬һԣûУ˵ҲӰ첻
סĵطʱˣһҪСС⡣
ѧĩССرһ׼ڣΪ
ССˣıɽռУ취ֻһǾǶ߳
ķڰŽҰںã洫һССΪʲôò
ΪһҪͱļҳһѵ⺢ӣæҪ̵ı߳
ССҲΪҪԼŵôԭأ֪ô˵
ֻһһССĻشԼȥССҳССԾ
һĳССԾݣȫǡ11ĳʶ⣬˰ҲΪʲô
ССص˰ûеȵͰְһǿԾüͷһü˼ӡ
СС룬Сѧûҵ᲻ǿԾдʲô
ķþССʦ˵ʵͦϲССѧѧ˵ССҲ¡Ȼѧְ༶ûܺܺõؽһЩ֪ʶССѧϰ飬ѧ̫ˡ
ӵ棬֮飬ķ粻ȥǡʦҪҪһЩֶκʱ䣬ЩӴɽĺӣ˵ĻǵĸĸỨʱ;ȥ̺ܽӣЩӸɻסûҪѧϰͷֻѧУѧѣ˶ǲٷʡǮиطչ˺Ӳܡ
˿һ¿ΣķϲѧССҲû뵽ƽʱŬѧССɼȻô
ۿһڿԾķ̾˿˵С㣬ԾҰɣССҪǴЩطЩҪĽ
Ҳ⺢ǴģҺŬѧڵĿγ̫ѣϿξ㡣Сɱɣúû
СС˿ķʦᣬԼܱԼá
һ֪ôģССķͳһäңʲô˵ССʲô
ȻʦССһͲˣ̿ʼġ
ϱеüٿõһķ⣬һٵһٲάССûɿҪġ
ССڼҴűܣķʾ԰æչССźˣڼҴҲû¸ɣ˳㸨һССĹΡ
һûôˣСССúܣҲܴһߺķ磺ʦźҪգʦؼҹ𣿡
ķһ㶣뵽ԼҪȥ֧̣ҪϾϵĸĸķҡҡͷЦЩǿʦ̫Զˣȥ鷳㲻Ҳûؼҹ𣿡
ССüǦʣҡͷԵ˵ҾڼѽڵĵطǼѽ
ķ΢΢ۣССһССӡԺӵӰǳеĺӻΪĸѧѧ䣬ССϣûпĶӰ죬һ˵Ҹϲá
ķССԴССְֺүү̵ܵ𣿡
ССԥһ£¶ı飺ᰡұͳְ֣үүңܵҲϲңΪʲôҪǣ
ķüôأĻүүԼŮģССǲǶүүʲô⣿
ķļͥүү⹫ŶܰôгϲСĸϲŮġ
СС˲󣬵Ա˵ĶУ߬Ǧʣָͷ㣺үү̾ҰҸɻõܵϢܴܵҶǶŵܵܣңǮҲ衭
ССķԽԽܡ
ʦүү̰ҵĻǰһǲǾ͵ô
ķϽҡͷȻˣ
ССͷЦ˿ǾͶˣүү̲ҡ
谮ңҳԺõģ뿪ҵүү̡ʦ谮𣿡
ķ̾˿ССͷ˵ȻˣҰְ趼ܰҡССдҵɣд֮꣬ʱʹˡ
ССһͷܱʼ飬ǦоֽĦѹ̼ۣöĦ


14 
Դﱾ򲻹ټһż˵úܡ
Լΰһѷһֳһʱ·ģߵʱŷһ·ɴ˴ֳ
ԼҴ˶סһ˿˼Ϸû֧һڰ˵лңһķҼãշѱˣһߣҪ··ɶֵԼֻȥϣ鷳ֹ
һհѷһ̧*ʦ棺ӣСۡ
һûػͻȻиסĴȡ
ҫˮ໴޵ͬʱȫһϡ
СһһüͷƵҫĶͷƿ
ҫԴƵ󵹣ڿޣ裬ҪңأһԵģҿ϶Ļûˣء
̾ѣһް޵ңҪҶӣҲ᲻֡
һƽؿҫֿԼԺվŵԼˣԼΰ¶̣ҫ裬°ɣһиҹǸҫû谡𣿡
һüҵȻˣҫҲϵһ⣬ɣҫңҰСС㡣
Ҫһ᲻úӣΪʲôֱӰѺӻһǵһΪԼңº벻裬ú˩ס衣
һôһ˵ԼΰɫͲÿˣԱЩ˻˵һ£Ҳе˾еǰôϣû裬ǰѺӻ¡
ȻԼǲܰҫһģǿԼҵܱһ˸ߡ
һ˷һƿҫϴΨһһֳȫȻҫһ·޺׷׷ſˤһӲͣ¡
죬ȫ˶һѪΪԼĺӶҪˡʱ򣬴ҺˣһûвҪԼĺӣССʱ򣬺ҾĬССҫҪһŮޣ곤Ǹ¸ɣֵĺǳԣֹɶµĲҪǡ
ֳмΪ˷һķһŲ˱ϣ˾һֻˣһǮ
һԼѷһ¥¥򿪿ȵĴһ˿ӣССǦд˼֡
ûʲôӵĵ֣򵥵дˡ첹޸ġơһͨƾͰ˴ڡ
һҪڼҽӻ£ķûзԣȻǺ⣬ҲһӲף׬ǮԷףĻǮר̡
ң˷żʱ䣬ķ춼ѧУϿΣϲŻסһüĿӴˣķӰҲ
ķ粻⣬һҲ񲻶ʲôʣҲû˵лһ˼ʦֻķճȹԺ󲻷㴩ʱѯһԭ
ķ簮ȹӣ죬ﶬҲֻᴩһЩů£ˮĶȳ䣬ķʱ˼ΣͲ˵ˣżѧ˵ʱв·ڴ֪ǵû̺ûǱˣͲˡ
һΣѧϲΧķ˵ΪǼƯʦѧ̫࣬˲䳶ķȹӣķҲ֪˭ҶСҲú˼ƽϡϲļ·Ͷ¹£ڷżʱóⲻ̾
һǶ˵ӹ·˼ۣ´ķ磬Ťͷһʼ첹
⻹ķһΰԼ·һ첹ӡˮƶС·ڳȫһ·ʶһϲ÷̵·첹ò˵ѿǻԷ첹ۼЩ⡣
ǵһķ·ķ˺üȦûҵһ첹ĺۼͷصñʳ÷⻹Ρ
ķ羪ޱȣﲻֹһ㣺С㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣһ첹ĺۼµһ
ķҪǮһҡҡͷܾˣССΣҲûǮˡ
Ҫοɱȷ첹ѹˡʦΰ࣬һһѧպüٵĶУһһĲθ
ķΪˣʵȻһΪ˵ķССθĸһͶķķݶ
˵˶죬ԵҲЩЩ𲹿ηѶСͷһǸ˵ģܸ㵽һһ壬ֻûǸҪ
ķϿڵһסˣѧУż٣ʳҲţҪҪȥϵĳ˹ݳԷŵ˳ķ㣬Լ϶һꡣ
ķ绹һһһûֻ˵˾䣺ԣȻˡ
ССɵȥʢЦкķ磺ʦԷķɺóˣ
ԼЩ죬һССٽԭļ䣬ԼҲˣҶԵϡİѿطǳΣķ˲˵ζܱ֤ÿһζܴﵽʮ֮˾ŵķ
Զ磬ȹһƽӵķ磬һĸŮһĵһڷȻ˵ҵζ
˶ڿңķҲ⣬ҵĵһ꣬ũʮͷѾͣɶԴСڳеķ˵ֻһ뿪ĸ岻һĺӡ
ںôһȺķˣˮһֱЩˮķһθܵ˼ҵů
ܿϧ˶һůļҡ
ССĿǰУԭûС
һԼΰֵúܴҲúܿ죬ԼΰûסһҲûܣ֮󣬿ˣһʽҪҪҹ꣬˱Լɨسʱŵ֪һѾˡ
ɰ˸ŪˣʲôǼŮˣˣôһϢûյأ
Ҫ˵һżǵ飬ҲȺ˵˵ɣ˵׼ܸһعأ
ԴԺƿڴǸܣû̺ŮǼңûȱһڳԵһ鲼أüΰڼң۸ڣΰһΰĶ˭Ȣ˭ù
һĴͶ㣬ɽһҪҪһؼҿ裬Ҳڴɽ壬ڲˮһߵ͡
һֵܹܣһġ˻ûɼҵܣȫˣü޵Զڳ򹤵ʱʶʡˣԶ޺Ҳû
㶼޵ϣһ޸˱ԼΰڣɽҲ̫ԶмҲ͸˸ˮҪֳСʱ͵ˣҲܾһ۵ġ
ǣһĵӶ࣬Ѿʮ꣬˲жӣ߶⼸öȥ
һ޸ԼΰԼҲϲϱܣԴʮǰ죬żҹ꣬Ҳ˵ȫöϱȥҪʱȥ˳ԼΰţƷȥһ¾С
һһýǳȥǳȥһ˳·Ϊж·ߣеֳĲӣɴҪԼΰʮǮһһˣһǿӽȥ򹤣ԼҶϴ»ˣ϶Ǯ
˭룬þȻԼΰˣʲôʱ£ô֪ɶôأ
ǣڴɽһӻңתͷʹһ˷ӣæȥˡ


15 
ͼˣһ·ֻҪëǮ˿ߵĿһԡ
һڸ˲ϵĶհ߸ˣ¥ݿڴк
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Ҵ϶¥û߽Ⱥˡ
һһ£ԭҵ˵Ϣ
ѾʮҲʮˣЪϢһʱΪǵʱϴ϶ܰæչһµܵܣ˭룬̥ǸŮһŮк
ԭʮʮ꣬СչȽ׵ġϧԭ㣬һġ
һ߽һϹŵӣȵ㲻ؼңʲô÷̯أ
ˮƫԶѹûгǹܣСʽ̯ĶУ¥һ¥а̯ƤЬЬģиģе棬סеû棬֧̯ܿš
һԼҿĲ÷Ҳ٣ϡ棬ϡǣһԼΰӹúúõģôܳԼסˣ
λһǲԼһҡͷ׶ӻڲߡǲԼΰҸ㣬һҡͷ߿ʼԼ߰ѿ㶵ȥһӣСһǲԼˣһҡͷԾذѷöı߽ǡͷãȻݸˡ
˽ӹӣĻޱϧѰء
¼һ£˾ϲѣϷǳͷŶصúܺãͺ͸ʱԭĿ㶵һһʼǮҲ󣬲ëǮ
˸Ǯˣʱһ
һ쿪һ׬ëǮѾߵֽұãŴӭλ
ѧϰСС˽ţ̧ͷϲ̶̣
Це˵ӴССżٻѧϰأڷţǰҪô̿ͺ֡
ԭܺãҲԣԽԽԽԽΪƴ̫ӣǰû
ԭʱǰѾܴˣʮ꣬ɽݾڼҸũԼǺأѾòŻеԭڱһ߸ɻһߴӡ˵λ泤ĸ
ҲΪԭλ˳˰̰СûɶãһŷǽҪ˺Լһһֱ
λ˼ССæһԼΰʲô
һֳ˸ѣ˵ԼûϣӱƫĶԴԼΰ򹤣ȲҲ㺢ӣҪǮҲһԼΰԼԼڵ˸һӣ԰á
㻹ûףҸ㡢pcұȵرصì⣬ССǶ£ôŮΪСºأ
һҲ⣬ˣȰȰһܶǺͺҪ¶ɾҪˡ
һۣĬĬ̾£ᵽ˽ؼҹ¡ǼȻһˣС϶Ǩżңǲܻҹ
һԭԼҵļ䣬˵ãҲԼҺá
ΪŮɼŮ˼ٹ̣ڴ֮ϣûԼССΪŮôҲദˣи飬ȻƫٲˣŮҲ㲻٣ǿ㲻Ͼе˼Ů͸Ǵȥ˶ĵطʧ˳ƶ
ǰΪӶ˷ŮˣˣǼŮĲǮӾͺùˡ
ӺùĲһǰ㣬ǰڻ˷ũܶ˶ûǮڳ򷿣Ǵոǧѿ飬ɴԼҵϣԼ޷ӡ
ũԽ٣һ㶼и¥仹ͦģסһȫˡ
һؼҹ꣬סڼȫõķ䲻⡣
һǺؼҹ꣬ΪԼûи飬鷳һЩİ˽ʣҳ̣ļ·
һҪܾʱ򣬿ϿſдҵССʵ͵͵ǣƺȸԾ
ôСĺӣÿεľǹꡣб̻棬д⣬ỹѹǮ
룬һǴӦ˻ҹꡣССЩ꣬ԼҶûôϿĵ꣬ʹҹꡣ
λǰһ˵ҪԼΰˣԺô죬ûңһһҪôŮ
һΪǵ˲ңԣλȰ޶ԣʼ
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֪ԭһǺ˺ģǲʶķ磬û£ķһʱ䲻ˣøǰؼҡ
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û򹤣̸˼ܵͬǵˣû飬ܸ顣ؽΪȢϱá
ǰĻ飬ںӶˣȻ糶֤ϯ꺢ӺΪ꺢ȷкˣҲſܺϯǸŮͲϯˡ
ֻҫСһ꣬һ޵ƤһѾʰܺӵ׼
ķ˵һҪӻϼҹ꣬ȻͷĵС㣬ССؼҹ꣬Ҫлɡ
һͷ˵ν
ںӣҲûƤô˵һõƵϢӶĴԣ׳ƶԷ硣
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֪Ⱥѷַ֣ڳĺù£ȫͼεĲһ
һĸŮҪ͹꣬ķҪһ¥һιûߵĴڡ
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굱⣬ʣ˽͡
ͬڹʣˣһķܳķˣÿٲ˶Ҳûб˿ӰմϵĿˮ
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16 
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Ǳ߳ԼϹŮСӡǱҲ٣ϹӡСáŶһء
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ֳʦǼֲ֣˼ȥʱ򣬻æӳﶥ
˾ǰһһһСǴСӺͶĶӣƤúܣϲ洵̹ҲԸͳ˼
һһĴһСʹʮˣСĲʮģСС
һְ߶ϣСǸȻųɼúܣڲˮвÿĩ¿ʱʦͻ㣬˽˵ҪҪúȥְߡ
ʵϣְ߲ѡְҲҪģ˵㽻ǮܶѶȽϸߵͨУְ߸ÿְܶ߳乤֡Ķӣְ߶ûϣڼˣҪҪȥѧա
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˵һǣССˣƿŮ΢˾úһǣҺôŮȻ޲ˡ˰ӣֻԼĶӣǰĶӣ˿ɲ
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һɫСγͿһ·￪Ϊ˭ҷ˿СγʱСγͣҴſڡ


17 
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ԭҵ㣬ֻһ꣬ǼΨһһԶʡˣ˵Ǽ޸һGʡˣͦǮģԴ޳ȥ󣬾ûôعңûٱǡ
鲻м͸¶һ˿㲻ӣң˭˭أСһڡ
˵꣬㿴Ҷϣ䲻ȵغ֣裬Һöûˣ
޳ȥŮؼҹҲʲô£ٶ˵㣬Ϧڼҹżҹͼ߶ǾЩĮˡ
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ȻưͲмϹȰϱ͵ǰԼ۷óõСֲҶˮЦظ˵Ļ
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һҲֵڣССྐྵԡ
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һһ㶣С׳ʶϣʵ²˿ڣҲԣԼԡ
ССһ˫۾һ費ϲ𣿡
һҡͷҳԼǣԼǣңкҲϲմϺġ
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ССҪµᣬͻȻֱȥˣԼ裬һʶһ
Զһֱ͵͵ڿߣõĶԻĿЩ졣


18 緹
һҷӸǵúõĵֻ֪˸ǣ˷Ҳ֪װޣذ嶼ˮ࣬שûУ濴ëûɶһҷĹϹǲóԣúܣһԾ֪Ǿ࣬ɲЩĺӲá
ҪǴǰô类ҶźԹϱˣˣҲ򲻶ˣŮ޵ôãóҲӦõģЦ˵ȥЩµĹǻ
ϽܾɱҲЩСԵҾͰԵʲôѱ㣬θڲãԲζصģģ裬ҹЩˣЩȵúܣɱֻڳԹ⼦ũɢóԡ
ģһ£ũоŮĪǻǸŮޣ
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СʱҪǸԺϢ类ˡ
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ССûжͬĻ飬ĵ̫ܵƤˣ棬һܵܿˣ϶ûùӳԡ뿪ԼҺҲûʲôѣ¥С档
صϼң̶̼ҵĺֶ󣬴ӲϲС棬к࣬Ҳ治һ
ڸɻССòи˵ˣɿˣóԼǮЦ˵̣軹ǮʳҲԴƬ㡣
㷭˸ۣǮɶƬأСʱǻûôʳһͲóԡ
ССɻ̲˵𣿴Ƭˣ㲻ϲ𣿡
һ㶣СӣԻ˵˾θڲãϲǱСˡ


19 Ǯ
Ȼڳһ̬ԼĳˣȻı䲻Ƭϳʵͯꡢʱڶȹȿʳǰ̲סʿˮȴĨӣڳһ͵ı飺аɣҾͳɡ
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һ磬СС档ССʳССʣһǮıڡ
һǮܹڣһСвڣһСѳڡֽװģԼĪĴָоϸĻڣһͷлҩֽֽϲһ£ھͻᱻȼͻᱬէþ˦ȥ
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㷭˸ۣССԴѽ㣬Сô죬᲻棬ҵġ
ȻǸģֻ꣬Сʱûܵı档
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ţлл㣬Ʒˡһ˵ȻֿССԷˣȻ档
ССû߸˵˦̣һǣסһ֣Ťͷ̣̣ǻȥԷɡ
㿴һһаɡ
˻صңһûȥڵ£㻹ܵģϾУСһڣٶᱻ˵ϹҲ϶᲻ˡ
һûи״û˼ȥ״
ٷȻԵ䷹ΪѵóһεˣһССԵúܿġ
Ҫʼϵķ䡣½ķܹ¥¥ļң¥ҡƽʱãȫģ˭ôǴһҾˣһҲڣ˵ĻӣһĸŮ󱻰ȥһĸŮ˯
ޱֻ̫ȥھǶ˼ӡ
ǰ׼ĸɾӵȻǸˣõıǰ̭ģ˵ˣһޱܸ׼ļױ࣬ȢϱѾõļױޱӼҾѾ졣
úԭĹϵ㲻£ֶǼСãСʱȽףԴһ˾衣
Сʱúԭ񳤴ˣͬһݣ仰ĲһȻҲпΪһġ
ûû飬ԸСãڶССʲôˣѲѹ벻ְ֮ġ
һûü˵ʲôأľűƿվſڣЩࡣ
İҹ
ǰдˣҪʰһ
һһƽظˣССЩ֪룬һͷø˯
ССĻǰҪ£˴ǶԶµִţΪ£˻鲻
Ҷϰһе˵ңܺϱҲϵһζǸҩͳ¾ɵľͷζ
ԭͼＸֵܹϵУСʱԭҲչֶȡú㣬ֱѾѾѾһܲýѾͬѽ͸ɴһþͳܵำһ躽
躽ϱ˼ң۳Ǳ͵Һúܶģ˼ǿ躽Ը⡰¼ޡǮ⻹Ҫз
ʱͦƯģϧöô裬ְ֣խͷиȧǡһ㡢躽ͱȽ裬ٶ㡣
һһݣ躽ϱȥŸϣһͷҲأʣ裬£
棬躽˵Լΰˣ
ţˣ֤ѾˣҶסԼҡ
̾˿躽̲ס˵Ľô죿ͦõѽ롣
䲢ʾ䣬ءһѹû΢沿⣬ѧŰڳһӣ˵˸סţⲻͣȹЩӰؼס﷿ôࡣ
һʵѹûңͱɽ壬ˮֻԶҴɽôÿ컹дֳԳȥֳûУҪҾڽ·ƽ̹ҵĳ
֮ôһ˵Ϊ̽˵̬ȡ
ȻһһҪס躽סˣȻ﷿࣬ȹ겻ûһסϱ϶⣬Ҳ⣬޳ȥŮóȥˮŮˣңͲļҡ
躽ɫÿְֿһ֪Լôˣһ˵ԼôһҪǸƨɣԼΰӹúúõģҪֱŤԣô˺£ССҫûô죿ԼӾˣҪźӸԿ𣿡
һŶ˵̬ˣǲңӲҪأڼҵҲù
ԼĴ㣬СС˵ԼҲûкӹԼŮ˵Ͳȥ飬ŮӲ飬ӱкѹ
˵ʲô費˵˵һң϶޶ã޶ѧѧҺùǮһҡ
ŮܸޣҲֻܼˣǮԼܼױԺ޸Ϲ㿴ã򹤶ܶǮˣĻǰء
һüô򹤵ǮǰŵģҸһǧȹѹأ꿪ȥǮˣҰǮ
æ죬Լ˵ˣְʹɫ
ְü˵õǮǸôķӣӲҪסԼ빩Ů޶飬ҿǷˡ
ҴССؼסʡ⡣һ˵
ְһ㶣躽ϱһ£һǲаĽ㣬ûм޳ȥŮֻ
躽ΪΨһжû̵˵ﻰѾֲˣֻϱЦ˵Ľ㣬˼ǾðɣͽҲʲôйȥĿΪҲСС飬ţⲻڷźٺͽôСССѧҲóȥ򹤡˵ˣСѧ̫СҲûҪ
ַ˵˵ȥһ仰ңȥԼΰ顣
һ˵÷ˣһ仰ԼǲصģǲһңҲˣǮҲˡԺССңҺССҡԼҶûϵ
˾һ㶣Ӧһǽ費ǮͷҲŭˡ
ôô˵ģ
ΪôССǮͰϾϵ㲻
ССǮһɻôССǮҲңҵļ𣿡
ֲǽ齨ӣǽǧѿ飬ȹһѹأһһɣֲǲ
һ˳ȥҪǮûУסҲܻؼס
һúҪϾϵĺݻˤˡ
ճţͺͻûüתܵĿϡһ˳ܣ͵ء
һһۣʲôҲû˵
ᵽɤ۵һȥˣΪһῪڹǮء


20 
ϻ˯ʱһûںСС棬˾䣺ãһǮ
Ȼ֣ͲСҲʮˣֻΪû飬ûдǺеĻ⣬¶ɫЦҲû٣ǧѿɡ
ʵϲֹسǵһʼѧͽǮѾѧͽˣһϴСãżҲһЩû̫ѶȵĿһоŰٿǮסһ²Ǯ
õݼʵڳƲϺã˵׾ӡһȻϽɵӣһ֪Էû˵ʵ
ˣһǿˣӴԺŹţ··İˡ
һΪãǰæ̴괲ȥ¥ݿ̻
ʱũͳжûн̻񣬲ˮЩϰڳϦϷ̻*ǿ賿ӭ¡
̻Ĵʮıڣ˵ˡֻʮ죬Ҳ֪˿ѣõģʮıҲ̫ãлһЩڣ˵һˣһıںһе̻
Сϲľ̻ũϣܲʱűڣһʱ֮䣬Ƶҹһӵζ
ָ̻СǣС٣ӣŮѾС棬СӵǸӣǺȻƤһ˵̻ǰֹԵúܡ
ʣ¾СС躽ĶӣҲΨһ貨
ĸСʮС貨ֻ꣬һ裬ȻãʲôóԵĺúȵĺĶȽȴƫССͶԵСʱûôϲǰССǵͷͰģˣҲ˵ϲ
ССһΪڵһվһߣ̻Ե΢˵㣬Һ˵ˣ㿴˳۶ˡ
ССһ̻첻̻˵ûţ塣ֻϣ̻߰Ѥòܵ˵˫ۡ
ССֵŮȻ̣ܶһ˿ϰŻҩֽӹлҩһ˵ȼŮͻŵѹӢһ۵ĹâžССͯõ䱦
ڣ䱦Ҵһغ裡쿴̻Ư
һؿ̻ʲôÿģǳ򵥵ļȼϺȼ򵥵ȼշӦʲôɿģ
ССȴÿ̻Ҫ֧һһ֧Ѿȼˡ
æȥ㣬ȼһ֧Ȼܻһ
һ⣬ǽӹŮжɱûʲôӦɰͰ͵˵˾䣺ţÿ
Ĳ߹˸ۣûƷļһŮÿţ㲻СС档
һûİŮССһֱţ̻ʱĹѤãͼ
̻ڣҾ͸ظݣһҹΣһһֱ˯ڶ㡣
㣬˾Ѿ𴲿ʼŪ緹ƽ緹ϡ̲ˣϡЩͬһ֥Բͺɰ
緹˻һһԣϾһݣզܽò
ǵȵһһԲ˺ͺӣһĵض
СС˯ʵͷԼģЩɢ˿һһҲ˼˵
һߺһĸŮ˵ССŶʢˡ
һ˵ͷССϲܹȥնһ״ֻȷ£ȥʢһ롣
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Ϊ㻳У̾ƺһʱΪȺ壬˽䡣㲻ϲͼǻһ𣬾˵ԼҪȥߣˡ
һСС緹ļ϶һȦ
Ϊ£ϵϾʲôϵ£Ĵûȥˮĳ
˼ҶûгҪȥϣýиרŽӡһʹһ˼аϵʽģרŽһ˻ҪȥǮǾ͵һʮˡ
ʮһȫ¶ɾеٿ飬ⷿһ壬һЩƷԼ÷Ҫ߲ϵȥʮ飬ʱ·õʮһֻʮ飬ôҲ
һȦ޹һֻ׼ССԭ̬߳ȥ
ȥǾ͵һһȦصңССԲš
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ССһ΢ЩǺϲܺò׳Զ⣬б̻棬ҪЩûһѯɼĸȵȣ͸оԼΡ
һҪССϵģкôҪˡ
ϽһҪߣ緹ûأ
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ҶϾǾü޳ȥŮֻסǿϣⷿ躽ģһ˵Ƿӵʱ˵СǮ躽ǲסķƾʲôסǮʱ˵õĵܵǽ̣浽Ҫʱסû£ҪסȥǿɲС
ҲͿͷһ£ҪæҲǰﲻϣòǮһҲû취˵ܵһĸŮס¡һǣССߣ͵Ժסֻûȥˡ
ɢŷּˣһʲ֪ԭһͼ뿪ˡ
һߵʱŭ壬ʵһڣָֻޱ״̬ССһ֪ѹûģɵʱкóԺúһ£ͬһ¡
ССͲ󣬵ҲŶһԶŶͶԱǵ̬ȲһŶ塣Ȼÿ궼Сǰ֪Ÿĺֻ飬ǵĺȴʮ顣
˵ף˶Ȼүү̶ãȴǸһϵͺǼ޳ȥŮŮĺϵҪԸãǶԱ˼ҵĺϿ׵չһүү̶ãΪԼˣÿײù˼˭ӡ
ССãֻãԣڵá
ĸŮԼ˫ȣֱ߻ȥԲ۵һ˵ʲôԾɽ·ȥѧСС˵ҲǼҳ㷹˭û˵ۻ߲Ը
۵ɽ·᫣뿪ûСʱ·ߵɽ£·
û룬ͣӳϴвɣôԶ·ߣϽϳ


21 
Ҫ˵˶ǮأСֳǲһƤΣﻹ˳޹Ȼζ΢Щ̱ǡ
ȻǼֿܲӿݵխ·ʻҲⲻ˵ʱһĸŮֳöˣ޼ֳܵץȳܰ˴һ߳ȥ
ССֵ̿ںЬڳϣһҶ¸˰ѳŪˡ
ڸʻŤͷһզһˣһأ
һ򳵴ķ羰ɽˮïֲܵЩ羰·ʱֻƽ˳ȥ͡
Ͱ賳һܣȥˡʵһҼܳ
һ㶣ӡļã԰޲ƴӣҪżҽǮܵȢϱǷǶĸԸôڻҸ賳ˣ
ѵΪϵ£
һͼҳЩҲˣһǮ֡
˶ݵĳĬһ򻰻ͦܵҲ˵ˣһ˵һǮ
һֻѰͷ̽ңʲôˣˣֻ꣬ԶGʡ㣬ûʲô˵ģϾԺҲʲô
һûʲô˵ǺСС˵ϻͬǴѧϰȴͬ
٩ССĳɼעССĶ飬֪ǲˮΨһһСѧСѧĻʦ༶̲ġʩȵȡ
һųⷢʵСС졣
ʲô
һ벻ͨóĦģԸŹֵˡ
гǲһҪСʱֳҲСʱССʱ͵ϡ
ϧǣҵĳôһɽ·̥ȫ࣬Ȼ·֦ĦµĹκۣ۵һֱǶءߵĳ࣬˵·ϾûԲû·
ϣͣĶһ˵ͣ¥ߵĽֱ߾С
һ򵥵л󣬴СС³Ҫ뿪ȴӳ̽һֻСС
ССһһһͷͻϲسȥ̣զˣ
һԼŮһɫǰɣ
ŶûСС˵һŤͷʱѸСС·˸ɫĶ
ССϽҡͷһۣѹвҪϽţһأϾҪͷµģڣҾû˼
ˮߵϰڳϦС˯Żߴһϻû֮ǰСͷ·źҲѹǮ
ССĸŮ˯һݣڻûҷּңԼСС֪ˣһҰ֪ˣǾ͵ȫ֪ˡҵĴûû飬ҲҪģ˵СĶ޶ԼܵĶ貨
ҪôСɲ⡣ǮˣǮԩͷû֪ǼüҵĺӸӰٺء
ӲССʹߴϽȥ˯һر˽Բˡ
Ȼǰ̵ССܸɴճĺƴǣÿףյʱĻϲѹסģССݼƴʱѹסԼǡ
һôģ˵ɶˣôģ
ССĵЦΪһĻ뵽յѹǮҪϽʱǾȥѹǮ
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һͷ˵֪ˣؼҰɡ
СС̧ͷŵʣ㲻ҵѹǮ𣿡
һͷҲص˵㲻˵ѹǮ
ССдſϲʣҿԻԼѹǮ𣿡
һͷȻ
һѹûССѹǮ緹ǰصϣûȥķûиʣʣˣСС˳ԡ
˵ʱķ粻ϷһһӣһϷһֽֽдͿ¥һ˼ģ˵꺢ӶҪͿӣĳ˵㣬ҪĶ̣Ǵӱקˣæһ¡
Ӧķдģһһ춼ڼңпţķȸһ¼Ҫֽϵ֣һһԾӲʣǺķ籾˵ʳЩ
һǲһһصңֽҪ󣬾ͿʼȷһССѸܻطܾҪĺ㰲ȫ
һڲأССһС
СʱƲסԼɤŻУʶԼж󣬲ССһһټôй
һϽܡ
ССڴźϸϸѺĳƱһ顣
裡̸ٿССⱲӣȻʮ꣬ûյôĺԼҵҲʲôԣ˼ңܸӷʮʮܴˡ
ٿʱ򣬶һĸŮһ³ԺˡҪСǮͰˣôǮССǶµģӰְּ뿪ʱֵǮҲٿ飬ͳԺҪǮССȷʵûԼǮҲ֪Ǯ֮ףļΪǮ̷ҲǱ˵ͬĶʳߡֽʣֻһݸܵܡ
ССؿۺŵŰԪ󳮣һ裬Ǯ㣬ǾǮԷöʱذְּϴˡ
̿ɸ˵ǮĸŮùԹԻذְּңҪúϴ͵Ǹ
ǣд
һССССźҪ˵ٿ鲻ĶǼٵģٶٷǮˡһʲôƤֻ֪˸ǮǾˡ
һȻ٣º¸£ĸŮˣһֻҪķ⡣
һ룬ͳԼʮǮСС
һֱؿСС·ԷգͲջһ
ССŻŽӹǮЩǮɢʮһ鶼Уɢɾ룬һĶ죬Ҳƽ
ĸŮȥϵĲ˸ˣһǣַ˻ûôһʱķķˣֻ˼ڡ
ķ𣿻˵һ룬ʼ磬ˡ
һӰ죬𷹲ȥȡ
ʱɢȥûӳĴȥֻܣȻӿĴƮȥ
ķ϶¥ͿƮµһĸŮˡ
Ȼô磿ΪһĸŮҪŻأϾ˭ؼҹ겻úô졣
룬˼ǰ˷ˣķתȥ¥¡¥Ǵ·һũó֣߲˵ģҲʳ˵ġ
һµķ˿ζ̫ˣûǮ⣬ķ룬ȥũóֵ±˵˰裬⻹һЩز˻


22 
ķ紩ɫ޷ĵƤѩףȡůϴŵЦݣƺЩ΢ЦüᣬѹССĺӶССϹ
С㣬˵±⣬һų԰ɡķҲһᣬᣬ͵ЩԱɫ
һͷû˵ʲô
ȻûķķݶһٳԼڣҲܹһһ룬˵ˣ˭ʱ򲻳ԺõĲ˹Է
£سŷҪһͲ˼˵ķ磬·Դʲô˼һһֺСС˵ϻĸŮôôͻˣһͼһ
СС͵͵һı飬û˼С˵⹫ųˣ˵Ժ󶼲żˡ
ķһ㶣˲˵ĶһȺżַ˻飬ٺַΪһ˺żַܳ߶ֳʵټ
ȺӶҲͥů˵һż۸ź뿪޿ɺǣϾżҵ˳˺ӣûκѪԵϵˣɾغ͸ĸ˶Ͼϵ
Ǳ˵ļ£ķҲôתƻ⣬ССϼңûʲô¡
ᵽ棬ССɿˣ˵̸̻ڣ˵ôܵܶ棬档
ķ粢ʶһˣͨССĻǶλкøУûˣ˸õӡ
ʦڼ𣿡һŮ˵洫
ķӦڼأզˣ
߻ӦķſڣţվһʮỊ̇Ҳķе㡣
۾⣬һ۾ͿųԷһССЦŴ˸кӴӣҹզôͻˣ
һɻ˭ʶôһͽӣźӡ
ķ뵽һԭ򲻺ú˵סĻͷЦ˵˼¡ˣզˣ緹ûûҼҳԡ
ʵһѹûķķôһ˵Ҳǿһ¡
Ҳ䷹ģ෴¥Էġ
ѽⲻһֲҼСһ󷹶֣ҽɴһԺˡ
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ķûԷΪ󷹣
󷹺𣿡һСС
ССү̼ҵʱҪҪջ𣬴ˮڹ󵽰죬Ҩʣµʢȣˮտ
׷ұ𣬵ҲԸӣǻˮȲ׵СС˵ȷʵѣССͷţ
ⲻ֪ⷿõǷµʽ緹ңûʲôӵİťֻһƬأ²󷹣Ǳ£󷹲ѡ
һĸŮĻķεö䶼ˣǼ򵥣ûѿغˮķҪôϡҪôɵý͡
·һڣķӴǣ˼ķ˺ζĵһ֪ķСѧʦ󲻺ãͰȥ¥ǼԷǼ˶࣬ȱķһڳԵġ
ķڳҲûôĵھӣϡͿȥ¥ϳԷһ춼ҳԷ
һ⻰ûκγ˼Ǵĺ档
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һһ䣬ķ˼ˣҪǫ鼸䣬ͱϡ
ӴʦƯأҪ̽ҼСָƵģ
ķЦţ֪˵ʲôܾԼѧ鷨Ǹѧģѧ鷨ǵʦ̵ģʲô˼ҪǮ𣿿Ų˵ˣúý飬ǵ鷨ʦе鷳
һƺķΪѣ˵ͦãСҼССһʦѧɣ̯ѧѡ
ȻһᵽǮЦˣӴǻˣҼСסѧϰҪһ˵ѧдˡˣӣʦҹһ¥£㿴ǣһԵⶼЩɶѽˮģ񻰡
ķϽܾ̫鷳ˣء˵ˣˣҴȥϴأ⻹ɶ𣿡
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Ҳģ˵仰ĵ޲ðһＸＸĶض
ʱã˵һ¥ôõ׸ɶȥˣӣҲеС¥ˣһżᵽΪķ硰ġۡС
ԼĶӶССɲСڶʮң۾ƫֽӣԵͻŹİ׳ţп㡣СԼĪһߣһ߿Ůһ࣬ȥͷͻǵ㣬ͷ߶Ⱥķࡣ
Сķ磬۾һԱ͸¶Ÿˣ㣬С˵裬˳Է˰Сʱ˿죬զǣ
Ȼں˵ȴʱʱķϡ
֪Īĸ㿴ӣЦúϲ£죬˵ʦԹˣ㿴棬˻أⲻǸ˶ļ䣬ܵܵĿӣҪ鷳Ӹء͵ʦߴߴߣء
ʱСſŸɻһ˴ڸкõͣ˵Ҳˣе͸ˡģҲֻϧͺ࣬ʲᣬҲĲˡ
СһЦЦϰ壬鷳ˡ
šһͷ˵
Сƺûϵһô䵭Цݽϡ
ķЦЦһͣСԸ˵·һҵ·ҷõģһͷҲҺƯҲʹ
Сķ˵ֿ˾ſ
ССʹķ绹ҪҪԷķ˵Աˣʰ꣬˶ӸǺá
ССһжʰ꣬˲ꡣһҲ죬ȷ֮ǰҲ˵㣬ͿӶֱӸĺˡ
СķĵĻҲൽͷˣĸŸĺõͿˣĿǮ
ķߺ󣬹ţһûƽʱŮģһ
һŤͷſ϶˵ϲ㣬㲻ϲ


23 ѧ
ķʱҲ顣ǰΪܱߵͬѧǺʣ΢һ壬öԷҲ㲻ҲͦãʹӦǰѵĸס
ķγǱˣĸγǣԼҲγǣҵȴγǣҪȥ̡֧
ǰѱΪò̸˸ȶĳмͥŮܹõڴվȽŸķһȥƫԶɽֵֻ֧̣ܷ𣬺þۺɢ
ȻѶΪķÿϧķԼȴ֪Ϊʲô˿Ϊͬѧһ̸ģԼʵãȲϲǰѵĴҲǰûôں
ŮΪԴףһ㶼ûоڿǰѹѧõʱ޶ԣ˵̸˵̸ѡķãǰѸ˷֣һɡ
ͺñڣСϳһ
һںķϲ˭˭ϲķ磬ֻǺν飬⣬ԴѪĸ飬Ҳ⣬־ͬϻζͶֻ飬ǰأҲûɶ
Ժ*¥ϵһҾʱʱķ硣ָĽڣбƣӲʣ·һ֮ġ⵹Ǹһ˲⣬ķһòͬʱҵһҲĲĶˡ
һˣνСС󣬾СӣܺСܺ25꣬ķ꣬áܺϵũϰ࣬ڲˮ㲻ģģ˹ġ
Ψһһж飬ˮĳкСѧҲһģѧУܹ¥Сѧ¥Ƕǳ¥
¥Ϊ꼶ֻ꼶Ҳһ꼶һ࣬٣ֻܿһࡣ
СѧһЩĺоĻֻʣϵĺˡ
Ϊеѧҵ˵ѶȵģЩ䷹йܵ庢ӣ˳Уɾû취ȥˡ͵ĺѾܸɻˣҪô˽лؼҸɻҪôѾȥѧա
óɻĺӻоѧϰҪѧúãϽȣ̫ʵԷ࣬ѧҲѧãɴ಻ö
ĳɼҲ㻵еȰɣȶҵ޶ɼá޶ʶͬѧ
Ҫ˵Сط˭ʶ˭أ´ϡͥ״ܸϹϵ˿ûڻһģҲˣҵĹϵϡ
һʲôӰ죬ÿ˽һЩ·첹޸ģȥЩԼ±ơ衣
ķ˲رóԣһһ¼۸󣬾ͼԼҲ⡣
Ϊ֣һҲûһʼͶ̫࣬˵±ˣȸķ糢ķ컹ǳԹöģһģǼζһ¥
һĲ÷Աּһƣˡˣ·¥ھӻûңżʣǮ±ˣؼһԣζ
¥ס˶ǼûͨȻģҼһúޣҲûͨˮܣ˲ô㡣˼˺óԵˣżôǮˣֲͻ㡣
ֻǹʱһҵⲻãҲΪ𲽣ʲôĶھӣ¥ϵܺΪܶ࿴ķ磬ͷƵ䣬Ϊдķ˾һ±㡣
Ȼ˵𲽣û׬ǮһͶҲ࣬ÿˡز˶࣬ûԼˣܸССķƻʳҹˡ
˵תڹ󣬴򹤵Ҫ½½ѧҲźٽҪѧˡ¥˺ܶˣɼƽʱͻǱзӵ˶ࡣ
һ࣬ҲͶˣ˸ܻӭһزˡһز˱ˣأչ꣬ҴˣһЩˬ˽塣
ڼԼ˵һס¥±˵꣬Լΰȥǰ￴һۣһһûתͷԼΰȥСС׻ԼŮŮڼʱûôںȵ˸ˣŮˣԼõһðְ֡
Լΰ͵͵ССʮǮʡŵá
ССһηְְҲô󷽣һʶһ
ԼΰˣССҲѧˣķҲڲÿڼﱻܺˡ
Ȼֻʣһһˣһ˽Ӵˣһ˸ɻѧ˲١һ߹һ߹۲˵˵Ϊȵȣڿ˺Լ̸ʱżҲܳ¶һЦݡ
Ͱڰ˵ϰ㻹ǱЦˣֿµġ
һѽͷϰʲô˼ϰү𣿡
ЦŻ֣˵ʲôϰеģŮģǾͽϰ¡
һüŮˣҵˣҾϰ塣
ЩˣͷУ㰮ʲôʲôôƽϣǸƬҳư͵㻨
һҷֻһըĻոպãִ𣬷ֽκζöϲ¾һһҵĻˣԸһ㻨ڲ
˵һǽƽϣ˼ҳʽָ˳ƣ˺ãǲӳӣһһķ⣬ѧᣬȻûͷ͡
ҲΪķ̵һѧһʡĨ㡣
Ĩ㻹һС˼飬һͲɾֺ·ȥĿ˸·ˡţһҲһ㶼ңѵúڸɻһ
㵽ˣ˵Ŀ˸࣬һһȥæ˵꣬·ĺö˶ǵڶãϼӰӵҲܸꡣ
ûãССһıؼˡ󣬻˵Цķܺ
ܺũϰ࣬°ʱҲ磬°ˣСѧѧʱࡣټķʦѧ뿪ѧУñܺϡ
ķһ·ߵſڣæһһҲæɣ
ʵ˲࣬һԼȫæùҲڽյķһˣлл鷳ˡ
ķŤͷܺЦ˵ܺȻȥɣæȥˡ
ܺΪᣬǰֹ˵˲ýеô֣Ҿͱ꣬ҸС
ССһȥҵæһ˵áԼҲѧڵĳɼ̫˸ĸһû˵ʲôԼΣҪѧںúѧϰŬ׷ѡ
ķ翴ССһؼҾȥдҵҲһ棬Ϊпһ߰һϴװˣһߺһпСС̫ˣ˽˵һҪóɼʧ˵ÿ쿴ô࣬һҪԵึ
һһ£磬ССΪССһУΪ񣬴δССõʲôرνڡ
飬ӦΪԼΪʲôҪΪ˶Եңһ⣬ССûи飬Ҳûֻ
ķǵһ˵СŬ顢ѧϰΪһŮˣΪ˶Եĸึ̿ΪĸҪһŮĸΪô࣬Ӧûر


24 ִ
һʵţȻ˵ȴ㲻ǵżͶʣguojiaҲҪͥάȶ˿ڵĳǷչĻĸŮһͶʣΪзϵͬŮԺҲĸСͥŮеϵķպѹǺܻġ
ķԽüͷԽѾЩˣô˵˺֮ûκθ飬ĸǼٵĿ
һʵסˣֶģڣķðȻ֪ν
һϵͳܶˣλ緢չƼʮȽʱԼǵһϵͳĵһҲΨһһ
ȻһϵͳܹһٺţƷҲǳƷֻһ
99ϵͳǰһģģ޸ֵĿƼŽֺ󣬲ͬͺšǲͬܵϵͳ
һϵͳͶʹãһ硰ġ
һλʱʮʱ䣬ǰոСʱ㣬ǿɳȥˡ
еСֻж̶̼ʮ겻еСܻǧꡣһֽûһǧҲм١
ЩڸС繥ԸָеϷ˼䣬򻨴йƬҶմҲеĳУİСˡ
һָ磬ҲָİĸѰ鰮ְһ޷ͬܡ
һһȻǻĶΪ򹤵ģҪҪǮҪҲҪ
һķ磬ķҲŰĴڣǲ˵ķҲҪ
ԣһ˵һķӲ˵Ļôеغ˵ĴڣΪȱ𣿡
ķͷֱЦˣȱҼͥҸҸĸ۰ң谮ңһȱ
һѽؿķ磬ʣȻͥҸΪʲôһ
ķȥõļҽ֪ô𣬿һ飬ֺɻ󣬶֪ʣ̻˵Ҽ˺ܰңһΪˣΪԼ롣
룿һٴνӴһ֪˼ȴĶ
˵ĶԻսڴˣһһ߹һ˼ķǱһ˵Щˣݱȥˡ
һȫûʶڳܣķݺԷĹİ𣬸ͷϵĹİȥʣİˣҪһ𣿡
ķ籾ûݱεģ̰ԽдԽԾѧʦ̰ϵĺȴһ䷴һĻղͷ˵ڣţȻд˿һ֡
һ֣ԡˡһΪܽβ
һ룬һķ磬Լ̰ϵ֣һţֱ˺һҳӽͰ
ޣˣлл
ķǲ˼һ࣬һ뻹˰æġ
һȴһ˳ܵԾûУֻΪԼںķ罻ķǶѧϰһЩ˵˼롣
Ȼķ˵ãһҲŰ˵İˣתͷȥ׼ڶ±ҪĲϣеĲ˵峿𴲿ʼ±ơ
ò˵ĸǨȷʵеģ֪ѹϡССԴӸһ󣬻ɵˣԵñˣ˯úˣӪˣѧϰľҲˣԸǺã꼶ѧڣɼһ¾ȥˡ
ȻҲٲķСССżѧ󻹻ָϰҵ
ССʮһ꣬һȻԼǸƫִѣóǮССյġƽһҵת׬Ǯһ潻⣬һ湩ССԺȶ飬Ҳ١ͬʱܵǮΪӦͻ״ԼССϸкʹѧǮ
СѧɲѧѻǱĿ١ҪǳɼãûϱƣȥרƣѧѸ
ССԼѹûжѧԼܰСѧ궼˲ˡϾ֮ǰ˵꼶ѧڶˡ
ԼΰССʮǮҲССϽһһǼʮ飬ûء
ССԺȴöһǮԼûǮĵطʮǮֽҼӲң֪զ
һĳο͵ıɺɾССǮޡɺǸԲεıӣǶǿȥģԲӣǮʣֽӲҶš
ССֹǮͬƤʦĽͷƤΪǱĶš
ССũ·ݣǿʱڡ
ˮĶ䣬컹ȡ¥ûпյֻȡһã΢ɢһ
һ䣬Ҳȣˮʧɻʼղþһ;ڡ
³һѾɻʼˡǣһ˽һ̨յ
˵ˣ¥ûпյΪˮĿյܿɲͣװ͹͵СһǧװÿĵѲŸʹ
һãյһЩϲ˶̹ǮֵһԭҲҪ÷Ͳ˵ʲôˣ±˵꣬ڲƷһ죬ζͲˣ˵ŵڶ졣
Ϊûб䣬ÿزˣǷŲڶ죬ûпյ΢£ѹŲ˶á
˵ˣѹҲ͹£ȵ·һյͲˣܽʡٵ硣
ۺϿǣյ˺Ͳ˶Ҫһˡ
ʱʮϹﻹͻҰװڱ˵ֻϹˣһǰͷԣ˲װġ
ķǮװģΪͼϵ˵׻ˡѧУʹҾڰ칫˵ʲôȫ칫Ҷü
յĹͰװһԼȥˣһЪҵ죬ȥæյİװóǶʱҲСС֮ǰѿյװá
⺢ӻÿȵ˯ţ͵͵һԿޣȴķʢﶼȵġ
¥ǱԼһȣԼһ죬¥ϵ¥֮䣬綼ôͨ
ʱѡĿյƷҲ࣬һű˺õļȥˮĿǰֻһյģ¹ʲôƷƣ˼һ
ҲһѡԼԤ㣬ױϰơ
ֻһǣȻڿյˡˡ
ĶѾܴˣʱ£ҽԺԤĲڻһ£ԽԽٽڣǴ粽롣
û뵽㣬һûعңҲûкЩ֪ӾȻûߣǴϼ꺢


25 ̥
ãӻ֣һк
һǰ˵㡣
ҪˣҪһΪɶûߣһû뷨Ȼں˵۾ɨȫĿյѡ
һûʣһɶˣզˣյأ
˵һ޵ĿţǮ򣬶һѵ˼
һ˻飬ûϹҲû֧֣յ
ţ̫ˣܲˣССҲܲˡһͷ
ʵҲֻķҲܲˣѧУϿȵòв˵ѧУǽһǰ칫ҶûпյѧУϿǸȣص¥ôͨļǾȣȵϯ˯һ¶ܸоƤȥˡ
̨յһķһ˳ǮһȻһ̨΢Ŀյڿ˯ʱ򶼲ţغôУÿҡǼ죬˯
һÿҵ꣬һһ·ѿʰøɸɾ˵һȾ죬˱Ϻ󣬼Ҳ˲ٶųŶûЬһһ顣
ŵ˵һȥ˵ķ뼸ǧ򡣵ϧǣˮСط뱣ķ
Ҫһȥش򹤣ССûչˡٰܲͻԼһң֪˻ôССأһһһŬ׷ˡ
һԸǮٵ㣬ҲҪȰССչԼʱųȥ򹤡
ڣҲܹҪǷԲϣһŲյ
һ˵ˣԼССܲյô㾪Ȳѣյɲˣô˶ûյһҾˣһʦȴ㻹á
ʵҲյģϼҰѺٸϹGʡGʡǲͬģ˵ʲôҲǺŴˣƽҲ䣬
⻹أԭûеʱֱӺͰŮ˵ĹָɼܣˣɲҼżңһӴˣ㲻һʬ
ƴӣκμиŮ˵ϵһʹŮ˴ŮϰˣȢһϱûӵȴƫƫƢĹ̡
ֵܣͷи磬ɩǻǻ˶ҪֵĴ򣬽ӾôûˡڴɩסԺͺʹ˻顣˵ǰɩǶŮ˫ȫ绹Ź
Ǵִߣκ˶ϼˣٲͬҲֻܴ绰ߡϹвƶ绰ߣ㲻ô࣬Ҫϼ˺ӻҪٻȥ
Ĺˣִ˭һ˴ӴСĴ򶼲ƫƫ͸ңһʼҲǴ򲻹ģֵȹƺս½١
ǣΨһһܺ͹ƽֵˡ
һ˵ĵڣִ绰ǻؼҡ
Ͻߵһȥӵ绰㷭˸ۣ˿ĭҪﻳźӣ꺢ӣһȥʰ
һɻʰ˭
ڰ֣ҹ˵úܣ˭򲻹˵ҴɩĺӾģҷǲӲգ꺢ӣúú̡
Ϊʲôأһû뵽㾹ȻǸôǿӲˡ
ü飿һ꣬ûϹһ׬ö࣬ҹϻһ¥⣬ҵõŰء
˵ˣһڼңǸ۸žͰٴĸӶҲ㲻
㲻ϲ˴żҵ£Ŀ̫ǿ֪żǮ񣬺ôǮ̵ʲôһһѹںżûǮֻյġ
㷴жʱҲˣһԵغһ²żˡȻҪұ¡
Լ׬ǮĲȨϣһЩͻԴҲйϵǸᣬ˭Ÿĸ̺õ·ߣϾϵͷ·أ
ټ˹˹ģǴҲҴ򣬴Ҳ򲻹ΪȢôӵţȥͺָֻ̣һù
ǴСְִģĸӣӦģ˴򹷣˹ܵżһҲûԼҲǱĸģҲûұ±Ͳԣӭͷϣź󰤵ĵһٴûװʾ϶ҡ
ƫܣֵǳ㣬ͷҺֶŸɡ
ͷ϶Ҫˣ㲻Ǽٰٴ
˵ǰ꿪ʼ̨ϲò̥Ա𣬵Ǯй˼˻취顣еСҽԺǮ͵͵飬еȥܿȥ顣
϶һУʹߴȥ̥ԱӲǲȥΪûĻûǮû͵ɵԱˣһ֪ʲô˼ȷǲǶǶӾ΢Ǿ۸
ڣĺŮҶ֪
Ϊ˱סӣҼؼס¡ȻҲǮⷿӣôһ½硢ҫĻ᲻û
ЩһŹţûзʲôôǱ˵£û˼ȥܡ
Ǳ߽绰ںһ֣ٻе㲻ˣ˳֣˵ôɶ
ϴ󲻸ˣôˣ˳ˣǼίҸԼ߿࿩
ѽҲǸ˼üŤͷ̾˵˵˵ôﻹбء
Ͻҹ⣬ǿһʣãҲյ𣿿Ҫƥ𣿡
ģҲҵæָֺʵġ
̨ǧĿյװ꣬ʱϰС
һѡ̨һǧģķһ˳߰塣һʣΪǼܿյ磬˵ö㡣
ķȴһһ룬Һϻֲⷿİ˺⣬ô̫ƽϵԵˡ
ò˵һһ̨յʡ²ǮһǧĿյѾ㲻ˣˮĵռпյеԵ˼Ҷġ
Ϊյ껹װһҽϾϣȰװĿյҪ˻ͣõ˻ܰæ˻ȥװ
ûиŻͣŵĳѿյͻؼҰװװϽ
üʣһȥأ
Ŀ֣أȥǶİɣûῴҵġ
ûӦһͷ㣬һɻ
ˣһʣҪȥҼ
ܵúܣץһֱۣþûССˣȥҵ㣬ӴҵŶ
һǰ̧յʦס¥ʦǾ֪ĶˣһСƳ˷һơ


26 յ
һĺӲͬǾԼҪرĸܶ࣬ûеõ㹻չˣͿʼŻر
ĺһĩͿʼѾӷܣССãһѧͳؼдҵҵˣҪټ鼸飬дķõϰ⡣
ڵССѾǰһΪʡֽʣҵֻдƤñдʣµĲݸֽ
ʵˮСѧѧҵһ㶼أѧҲ൱򵥣ûʲôѵģҲеĳСѧҪӢԴĲƽ⣬СѧֻҪҲֻѧĺѧһ٣㿼ʮ񣬱ܾͶˮĳС
˵ˮСѧܷܣҲܷܣˮÿܴӳбҵ˶࣬˵ո߻ְߡ
СѧССôŬĺ֮٣ΪҶãСѧŬɶãпϸŬɡ
ССô̿ѧϰһǲ빼һ棬һ뿪ڵԭ
ССũ£ȴǹ£ССӦ¸ʮšһûյĸûնһ˵塣
⻹ķἰģķ꼶ѧʦҲǰΣѧǵϣȻҲ˳ա
ΪסһԱѧķССĹעܻһ㡣żСС֣㲻뵽һ
뵽һķ뵽ſ浾ݣȴʯͷ
ķڰ칫̾˿һĮûɶ飬ССãһἰ
һССĺãۻѹܴĸҲʲôνسصоĸһĺãССԼܸܵҲܿһԼȴ֪ԼһΪȻ
ķ粻ͬһ뷨ò˵ʱҲ֪ôһ
ϺöһͱĸȥĺӣССˣһԼΰȥ֮ǰСС˻飬ѧ
ķ翴ԼٵÿѧѧһмѧҪؼҸɶģ˵¸ѧͲˡЩѧУеĳɼ㣬Ҳеƽƽǲֻһк
ССٵÿķ粻֪һϸڣҲ˼ҵ˽ֻΪһССΪֻܴССҫǴߵġ
ķʱҲһû飬ֻ˵ߵҫССѧڻѧ
ķ粻ģҲͬСʦ²۵ġ
Сǽ*ĵģҲȻǲˮģǸҲࡣԼʵĻˮƽߣķǴѧҵ̵֧ģСʦɲǣǴӸģ˵ѧո߶ûְҵУְҵְֺܶҵʦš
СʦǻûռСѧжҪǮģְܶߣÿһ㸻ԣ˵ȻȲϳСͥɶԱϵ˵ġ
С͸ķ˵ԼҲûɳУÿʱͳȥ򹤣ڼôѰٻŰѳжְֶߡ
Сʦ˵Щķ翴ɵöһ˿塣
Сʦ˼źʻ˻ΣѽǻɲΪѧϽŰҶѽǲ򹤣ͬѧѶʮȥˣҿǵְеĻؼֵأֳû治򹤣Ըڽ飬ôøɻ
ķһ㶣뷨ģ
˵ţСʦ̲סпǰɣҲò˵ʱȻǱ͵˼ӲҪ飬ڿֶˡôҶְߣܵʦǻؼֵޡ
СʦڼϽСѧһ¹ҲһǧԼΰЩˣȥۻһǧ
Сʦǵģʾǧķ粻ǣ֧ģûйʣнÿֵܷ˰١֧Ҳֺ֣ܶɵи߲ģķֻ
ˮͬܵ嶼ɽͨʮֲÿǰֻһ೵
׻˵Ҫ·ͨĵþȻ
ǽ꿪ʼˮʼ޴·ˣԭȲˮֵ·õòУӿݣ߻У߼ֱĥ
·ʼޣͬɵ쵽·Ҳŷޡй̹˾Ḷ́˳ڵ˲ɻ
ˮ˿ڲ࣬廹ͦ࣬öΪɣˮס¥ס࣬һҲ˺ܶࡣȻʡó߰˰յƽǮĸŮԺס㲻ˡ
һĸŮ·ССӦ˳УڸУܲܿ˵
ķ˼ˣɵ˿һ̬ȣֻҪ϶ṩССȥССĳɼӰڿССѧȷʵΪӦѧϰȣټϸɻûϢҲûʱҵǷʧ
ķ粻ҪССԱѧʼԼѧ
ǰķؼңССҵʱһʲôʱһڲȷһ˳ˡ
ķ绹ѯССҪʲôССܳæҡͷˣҲҪʲô
ʵϣСӵϲֱףıαװúʣķһܿ
ССҪģΪСƫѹҲûиʲôҲ͹յ죬Ӹ
ԭһһСС˵Ҫ̧ͷһССССصͷ
˼죬һü´Ǯķ̨յָӿյװʦǼװյ
¸¾Ҫʼ٣µССգǰװÿյپع
յװѣһҿţ߹ȥʦѧϰ
ʦû˭װյôϸµģһ߿һǸģǸǸģյװʶҪŮĲɰɣ
̨ʽĿյڿͭխĳ¹յװڳǽϣ˸̶šڶ¥¥Ĺһ滹бľ¥յװⶰ¥ǽ¥Ǿ¥С¡
װõĿյڵԣʦһңôãһһͼˡ
յװϣһһ¥°æλãһæݹߣæǰæ󣬳˲ٺ
ſæ˵˲ֹһæ˼ǷǮ˼ʵɣȥæɶĶûҪ
һæͷ󺹣յһγ΢ζ˴һϣһӱڣδһ
ڿϣһæų˺ڸܵյ磬Ҳ̾һ
пյˬ
һͬصͷȰʦߣǮֿʼ׼ڶ±ˡ
ò˵˿յųţͿͨҲܹڳæһļҪȣΪúȼɢֱȵ֡
㱾ССģССûѧֻһһƺ«ûӻ治֪ʲôá
ǣͳվڳſڣһԹżҵĸ¡
֪ΪʲôǰãϲڵһǰãԹĸãþͻ˵֪ж¡ԹĸƫģҲֻ˵ˡǰ˵Լ򹤣飬þͻָֻǲɻӲȥ顣
ϧ㲻СʦãͼҲˣûǮȥ飬ֻ򹤡˵㣬ܳܣҲֻоûˡ
һ˵λؼң̬Ⱥʹǰͬ˵ǰܰܳܵܶǰһ
˵Щʵһ£Լĵĵ˵һôܵ


27 
˵ǲһס̫ãû⣬Ҫźסϸ£һӾͲˡ
ڿӣҲûⷿס̥Ҳûܲ˰
Ȼʲô˵ʲô˶ױ׼ڼס˺ü˰ɣӴ΢΢¡ôҲûܺͰ˵ʲôһֻǹʱһܴܲŮסǮͰȥȵβһӦ
ʵҲ֪Լ˵⻰һˣ̲סҪԹ˵͵ܵڿ޵úˣǮˣ̬ȲͬˣסڼôסôŤ
һǰȻɻȴʹϹæǰæǳʱҪ͸߶һȥͣһȥǸǰ󶫱ܣȫŽγ͡
ĳ԰һ£ǰǶƣǿԼŮ˸ϰ壬Сγˡ
ʵϣǮҲԩͷԼƽض᲻ùв䵽ģڵã·ƽ£һ֦ᣬһֵ̱͹ƽĵһ£ֱᡣ
ͷݻûһ룬ϸߡ
㰲οûã˸ֵˣǼնûеܣȻ뿪Ϲĳ
˵½Ҳô֣֤ʻܲᱻзǳصİȫɲô֡
˵˼죬˵㣬˵ƽ䵱˾ЩҲͰˣѳնûеݣ浱ɵ
ܣ³¡أô˵ˣôǺˣСһòҪľͷƢסңûٱһﰵ˵ЩĻ
ˣڼҾʹȥˣ㲻ú棬ǰֻķݶҪܿƶƽӹһע̫Ķò
ܸԩƵģ컥߰˭ԣǽһͷ
ܵϱ£֪㷢ˣúúúţ˸һѵʱܵĶ䣬׼ٷƢǮǴϰ壬ԺҪ򳵻ǹȥ飬˵ÿ˼֡
һ˵Щʱֿϸߣɼж࿪ģǰСʱܵĶһ
һһ⣬һŤͷ㣬ôãʮ㣬ĵССССˡ
˵ʹˣҲվˣȥ
һ߳˵ųţܽ׻Ҫȿϲ٣һˡ
£ûˮȣڿʵúܡһ±ĶƬǰһִӲƷԱߵóһƿϡ
ǲˮߺܳһֶϣģСϲż˭ҳϯҲƿװġ
СʱϣϧϡȫȥҳϯʱܻһϽеһƿϣȻȸܵϣžͰϲٸûʣͳϯ͵͵ؼҸźȡ
Щ˵һ֪һûм䣬ⶼǰˡ
ǵһͬ̰ڳǰʱ֪һǵá
㿴ʶϣ߬ŲƿΪʲôӰ̥أʲ¶ǰίòҵҫԼõһУòڰһĹĺƴ
Щʹ־û˼ãٶαƺֺãÿǰβõʱ򣬰ҲֻһЦЦ˵̫Сˣ̫ƽϴǰ£ֻǸɴʧ䣬ȫûʶǰ´Ӱ˺
Щ˵ʹ죬ƿϰǰͻȻȻĸо費ΪúþͷʡǰƫģֻȻؾãúˣӦðļ
˻ĻֺãȲϰǰһƿʵ
һʱ䣬ȷʵҲൽ˷㡣һеˣдģССķķݶϵĲˣһٳһһһдһˡ
ΪҪķССûжӣǿʵòУһƿȺˡ
ķССһģϰϾۣΪԼ룬ۻۡ
ȿŴͷ˲ԣһţһķ̴ϷɵЦһ߻Ьһʣյˣ
ССǸˣϸͷΪڶͷϣɾСϹŴЦ裡пյ
ȵķȡڵǰ¶ȣ̫ȣȷҲһ㲻յͲһˣɢļȣ͸
ķЬأûע⵽ﻹиˡ
ССһ̣ô
ʱЦ棺զģŮ𣿡
ССЬӣܵǰȵӶôҪܵ𣿡
´ССͷЩɿݷƣСѾú٣Ҳֱͦһ㣬ûηηĸоˣЦֿɰ֡
һųõĲ˴ӳʱѳŹˣ͸ǱѬùǺǮˣһ¾װ̻
㡣һŲˣؽܵССİʦ
Ȼͷķ翴㣬Ҳûоȵ˼Цͷ
ССķˣ˵ֻĵݣһ˵ĻЩͬĵôϸº룬һЩҳݡ
ںķʱִСѧǺ֮ǰССĲ࣬ѧУʦѧѧϰĻѧʩȵȡ
ãǸʦʵЩ˵ˣķûнǺػشˡֻ˵ԼСʦĹʾ˼ҵ˽ˣķ粻׸˵
һĲ˸պֻĸˣȵ㶨ͼĿյװʱûԷѾûʣʣˡ
һĳȷʵãԹ±˵ĿֻҪ뿪ˮģʱʱ㡣
ʱŵ㷹㣬ͲòУ˼ҷˡ
ûԷҼҹӵзȥһתسһˣлأϴװãȥԡ
ζͲòУвˣȥڼݷС
˵ʵŻϼ̥ϰߵĵطȥˣⷹ˾Ҫġҹʱ⣬ƽʱԵǽһˮÿԶ⣬ȥҲŸ⡣ҲͰˣ͵ˣǣȥǺ⣬ѳԵúܣͲҸ̫࣬ãֽˣζǹ֣͸¶һũµˮζ
һž㣬ˣȥʱһ丱ʳƿƣȥ¾ơ
֮ԼԵùߵĲˣúŮĻᣬԵõġҲû˼ְ׳һ٣ÿζǮ
һɲ˭͸۸ǮҲû˵ʲô͵͵һ˵㣬ÿ˲ˣҪߺôһĴ໨ס


28 
ò˵յȻ󣬵Ҳˣװ֮Ӻùһǰ㡣
ȵòеʱ򣬱˵ѧϰˣǶ÷ꡣССÿڿдҵʱʱһкˣ˿һӷӦ죬컹尢̸ؽУÿǸ˵úܡ
Ȼвˣһûôе֣æǮǮæкװĲ˵ݸˡ
ô˵С˻£СƵġĿ˶չ⣬Ǹģ˵˺óԣԸ߼·һ
³ʱСѧĩˣССεĳɼѧǧֱʮ˵İϿ˵һ
ССѧ֮ǰɼһֱܲҪѧȷʵûѧϰȣѧϰ״̬ҲãɵöûϢãɼ»ġ
Ҫƣ꼶Ŀγ̶СС˵ӦҲǺѡ
Ϊ˽ССοϵһһԼѡû뵽ССѡĽǽܸܲա
СС٣һѧǵкܶҪɣǺۺæ˼ǵգյ緹ӸԻ档
ǵܹܵվкóԵģ˵ﺢһյɶԣ٣ҲǻһӵĲˣض⡣
ССγɼֻܲҪһ˾գôܵա
һʲô£ղôǮǮҲܴճＷһǮССա
õһӦСС˵϶˯žڶҲѧһȥˣ˷˴Ȼ˯ˡ
ת۵£ٽԤڣ춼򣬴粽룬һгǴԤǰö춼סԺһҪˣֱƽͺá
һˣԤǰôû⻹סԺǲ˷Ǯ˵ˣгҪֱϹĳȥҽԺͺˡ
ңССգ㻹ոָССء
ʱʱһͣʱҲϵö͸СС˸
Դˣһеѽ⡣·ܸСС˷Ǯµʲô
һһ⻰ţԼĺһ˼ҵƷ·ǿʽɺÿˣСС³ʽѧУⶼʲôˣĲȥѧУᱻЦġ
һ⣬ССʣѧУΪرЦ𣿡
ССͷ˵
Ҳôһ˵ԼҲǴСһ·ģ˵ûУôҲǶСѧģϵ֣һǻľ·ǸڴССɾ硣
ٲһǻ£ΧͬѧѶУûеʱ־޴к߳ܣ֮顣
һСС·˵ʡǮҲ󣬵ϾֹĶЩƷûѹӶһҿʽǲܶ࣬Ǹ˶ó
Ҳ˵СʱȺ٣٣㲻ϣССһСʱԹĿࡣ
СС·һҲţֻ棬ƷʲĶǮƾʲôô
һǣССѧУûȡЦССʱССȻĬˡ
Ҳ˵ȷʵȡЦСС
һ˵ССմô벻ҪյһССֻҡͷţССѧУѹûѡ
ջҪģһУ٣Ҳն˵塣ǣһ鲻⣬ĶȥˣЩΪʧڡ
ԣջ˿ģһ֪ģȥ
ȻѧУ벻ѣһССڴɽ塢ûйϵõѣȥ
Դ˱ʾͬǵ磬һŴشɽֳССһȥĺϸա
ɽͺһЩһ²ˮʼ··˳ŹޣȻ޲ɽ·ٴɽ͸·һЩ
˵ֳѧżٺ˺ܶСӣϻǴˡһôʮˣ˭ʶ˭
һԼΰ¶ֵҲͦģԴĵʱ˵һﲻﲻԣ֮лû˵
㵣һССȥ·ϸ˳һӻԿԼƢСŮᱻЩĴ˵ġǣһĸŮϹĳһȥ
ɽͺЩҲûк̫࣬ҲǴһ˼ֳ׬˲Ǯһ˼Ҳѧ˴Ǯֳֵ˴˽
֮⣬һСûСһֳǶֵģǧѿ飬һСǶֵģҲüǧɣ˭ҲûǮȥ
οĳƳƽ￪ȥ̸ĳĶȥ
һС壬ĶɲС
ԼҵƸߣվԼԺϣܴԶڵ
·Ƚխҽȥֻͨſڵ֧·ûд·ˣĿȥҲԺӵͷɴͣڴſڣʣµ·߽ȥ˾С
޲䡢̽ͷ֣Ӵ˭ôǮСˣ
ֵ˷֣ⲻԼǸ˻ϱ𣿻ߵŮСС
һѹûԼ˴кССֱȥССϵõһСá
СŮҶСԭССھӣͬѧǶ꼶ûˣټϷźǻССˣҶСûκν
ֱⶼˣССżҶС
ΪûˣҶСҲʮһˣµظɻ˵ػٸӡڻ΢򵥵Ļܸɣ˳ݡöιιҲ
ҶСɻҵɵúܣӿճɲ̫ãȷʵûǮŶ顣˵ˣԼҲϲ飬ȥЩ鶼ӣ軹˵ʲôŮǱޣؼҸɻͼ޸˼ҡ
һ磬ȽƵľʲôԸɡһҲССŮ棬ֻǣƽССϣҶСڴ˿Ҳ浽һȥ
ʱСС֪˺˵Ĺϵʱǳֻ֪δĺýãýùٿĲ¡
ССҵҶСʱҶСҲô߳һ˫ɫԲЬȫ֮࣬µ
ҶСűı¨װոĺ٣ȻҪȵ·ջ񣬵ǺٺҶȴǰջ˻ι
ý˾ǿĵòˣССİɫ˶ЬҲ࣬ԼؼһϴɾһŲ￲ϣһŲȽҶСű¨һ߻˵С˵ҪһóԵģҲԺòãҼ棬Ҹ㣡
ССܵÿ죬һӻںţҶСһȲѡ
ҶСҲңԼҶ棬һΪýССҶСϵãҲûټСССС̬ȡ
Ҳ˵ðɣϾ裬Ůٻе㰮ģⰮͺҶСһơ
ʵ֮ǰӶ࣬ﶼеܵܣƫĵֻ̣ٻǱԴһ㣬ҶС
ԣ˵ûǮʱҶСЦŰ˵ԼҲˣ˵ûãǿϣȥ粻ʡǮ
ССʱҶСˡСǶ˵ССԺҪûаְֵĹ¶Ժû˸ĸŮ϶ᱻ۸
û˸ССССܴЬ·


29 Ц
СǶɣǾ￲˵ССҶСȥϳԶٷ¡
һֻҶСһˣͳԷ£һô򵥣зż˲룬Сȥĵ
Ǳ֮һתͷȥһҡ
˵ССһһ˹ˣ̲סֹСӹԼˣֲʲô٣ʮһֲʮ꣬Ҳʲôѧ磬ͳԷһզ˻黹Ǯأ
ҲǸˣֹˣϻ̲סʳڡ
һ˵ССѧڳɼתֱӿϵһǴӦĽ
ЦŹά˵һɲأҶСǸӱģͲʺ϶飬ľѧҲòĶȥýûȻҪ׶һѧڡ
˰ǰͺʹԼСǫ飬ȴ֪ǫǸΪô˵Ͳһˡ
һǲģССͷͬţԺãӦ죬ŬÿѧҵԤϰڶݣõһӦõġ
ЦЦӴССãôϹ裬㿴ǿӣ޲ǣԼΰ˵ʲôöҿССǶء
һ룬ССǾŮľǴ裬ǺҪһŵ㡣
˵ãǿɲԣССҪãôͶԼң
һҪ㿴üı飬֪Ҫ˵Щʱ˵ĻϽø첲һ£ȻӹĻ
˴վ￲ߵ£˼ӣֻźӣʵܲȡ
һԼҲܣͷʼð͸˵ȣǽ˵ɡ
ͷżߣֻߵſڵʱ򣬿۳Լҷţε˵Ǹһ*ΰҪ
Ѿߵݣɹ̫ˣʱ첻١ѽ࣬ͷҲɹúܡ
٣˼ˣ˸˵ʱͲһǧ飬߰ٿأûôٵˣŮ꼶ܷѼǮһοãͺŲˣͷ̼ʶҲ̡ƫĶƫ̫ƽȥˣ
һ£̫ƽʲô
һĹעһϣԼΰǿȥ𣿡
߱߸ǳʵˮһôʣҡͷ̾˵ˣȥΰǸϰɻ˲Ǯ̨ӡ꿪ǻӼŸżΰǮͶȥˡ
ôţóûĹӣЩˣĵýζѽ˰겻ǸϰǮˣ
ӼǷû׬۽ȥٿ·Ѻס֡ڰػˣ˵·Ĺ̹˾ˣȥǶɣһһⶼˣٲ㣬°զŶ
ԼΰȥȻûǮֻܻˡʵҲǴɵ̹Ϣ죬һһǶǳ̬ϰ꣬ϰٳûˣ뵽ԾӲ˸˰ꡣ
Լΰ׬û׬Ǯһ¡ٺԼκιϵССͲһˡ
˫ЭģȻȷ˶ӹԼΰŮһ飬Ӻ͸ĸӹϵǲģԼΰվССİ֣ҪſŮĽһҲûġ˻飬ԼΰҲвֶССļ໤ȨͺñССҪգҲøĸ˫Эͬ⣬һһ˻УѾԹˡ
һ̸Լǵ£ܹЩġҸ԰ãûȥڣҪһòãһúã˿ɾͿȥˡ
㻹ڳЦԼΰǮССͺҶСˡ
Ͻ˵ССղŻŬء
ССǴûбôֱ׵ؿͷͶ䶼ˣܲ˼˵ҲҾ顣
һü˭˵ģ
ССɻ̧ͷǰ˵İ
һ治ɫǰ˵ˣƨ
棬¸ĸ˵ˣҲӦ÷ƪ˵Լģ
һ죬Сľվһҧ䡣
ҶСССϵǲǸ뿪˼ңԲϡ
ССܾȣҡͷզܣҺס¥迪˼±˵꣬ÿҪʣ±ˣҺԣ
޲ԣʦ
ҶСȲѣʦ㻹ʦһסأ
԰ʦɺˣҼҵ
һ䣬Ц˵ӴѹˣԭǸʦסһ飬С˰ɡ
˭סһأĻ䣬ʹԼΰżִһ˿ŭ
һ黹ûɣż¼ˣ
һûнʦŮģԼΰҲ
ԼΰǣҫģûˣԴԴүڵɻء
Щ˸·ĸɻҪæĵأճһЩҲù㡣ԼΰʱŻҲĿӣϸߣһ͵µׯںģȥ˲١
ԼΰҲǸӲģһһʦסʶ;Ů϶¼ҡڶһΪʲôͻȻ飬һʦ⣬Ϳϱûˡ
е˻ñŮֻ֣Լ䲻϶Էʱʱ̵̿ĺͻɶԷ
Լΰһţ˹˹ĵȫԱŵ㣬ֱӾͳȥһ򣺡СǽŮǰɣŸ۾װ˹ģҪ
һüԼΰвɣͶ֣ɾͲˡ
Ƶһģµְ㶯ұ˰
û˵꣬һǰһˤԼΰ̵ˡ
סˣ㣺
㾪ˣûⱾأ
ҫһûҵ迪ʼлͼѰ̵ְˣϽǰһޣ㲻Ҫְ֣Ҫ򣡡
һְ֣ҫȶֵġ
ҫݺݵص򣺡㣡ˣ裡
ЦˣץֱۣЦͷֹԼΰúÿˣвɡɵŶ㣬Ӷ䱿ˡ
ԼΰڵʹУڱǰӡôһ˵ǼģܶǰһͼһΣӡʱһм񣬲ŷӦ
Լΰһ̶εЦЦޣɣǽɣӴ㿴ңۻûڡ
ɲֺãЦʲô㡢ģɶϵ㶼ˣɱʹϵŶ
һͬصͷԡ
ԼΰŭץҫһǱƣҫ㲻ÿ˯ţź㿴ⲻǴ𣿡
ʵҪҫһʱԣɽͲˮҲһСʱ̣·ҲСʱҫÿ컹ֳȥ϶֣ܼţ
̲ü˵ʲôˣǸ˵費ҪģʵҲءǰԼΰˣһ鸴ȼҫǰһһ벻裬һȥѧУҽסĶ
ܿϧԼΰʱѧУѾżˣҫҲҲҲ衣
ڵɻԼΰ˵һŮشˣ֪ǲ̽ˣԼΰ̴Ŷˡ
Լΰ֪һشΪһȥϳԶٷССգԼΰסˡ
ҪССǾԼҹ£һӺóԵģССúùһա˵ţԼΰŤͷССЦ˵СС벻ְְ
ССúãô󣬰ְֳ򹤣ؼҾ棬ȻǳȥƺȾƣȲҲҲչ͵ܵܣְʱϺȾƣʲôģ
ССܻῴɫôˣ֪˶Ӧǰְֵģͷ˵롣
Լΰܵ⣬ǰˬ˼ΣТ˳ӣ໮㰡
һɻˣʲô
ССشѹҲûССصͷ䶼ߺˣΪˡ
ԼΰȴΪһССƺ𣬶ʱˣŮְôˣ˭ҺӲְ֣ûаְֵĺӶҪӲҪ飬ССڱͬѧЦûаְֵĺ𣿡
һԼΰСС˳Цûаְ֣
ССԼմ͵İЬӣСӬš
һüǮˣȷʵССԵñǰסҲǰãȴû뵽СС˱˳Ц
ôССѧУӣһΪƽ


30 
ԼΰԳѧУ۸㶼֪òǹź˹˰ɣֵģǵúûаְ裬ĸӵ£
һͲˣԼΰô˵ֻģⱲӶûССɣʸ˵Ҳӣ
ԼΰǣɵԼ飺ôˣҰӲ湦Ǹɽ㶮
һú磬㵹ˣиƨĸССǻ˶ڼңҲû˵ŪóԵĲ壬ûźӻµظɻҪСС󣬻֣
ԼΰΪ⣺ôˣǲô˭ô飬㿴ҫҲĸƽ𣿡
һҶôģĨԭܹһпʹ
һԼΰĲ֪ӵʹ࣬˵װɵ
һĿʲô֪ССѹģûҪԼΰ֡
ǣһ˵ˣȥҧˣܲҧȥһë
תͷһССôҪСǸǻȥ
ССҶСһǶûˣֲΪѡ
ССҪ˵˵ʱ㿪ˣЦŸ˵ӣʲôϵҶ֪ССþûѼˣСҲһãɴҪСϸȥסһٴȥǾ¥ǿ϶Сÿµġ
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ҶСһۣŴӦȥȥɣ⺢̰úܣ鷳ˣҪǱӣʰͶˣ
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һüô˵ͷڼʵۣΨҶģ
вɣ㾪ˣʦķӣƾʲôǴ򼷰
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УһǾ仰Ůб𡣡
ԼΰҫŰ꣬ôŮбˣǸӰ
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һӻԴﾪý˶⳵ǵѽ
һںʲôӣϲҫˣϸʻһ߻кССզģҼҵģõġСССһ棬ݣȫ¡
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ҫץֵ֣¹£̰Ҳ̰棬Ͽɱºˣƾʲôȥȥ
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ҶС֪ǣССߵʱĸŮ֪ôǮ֡
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ҶС촽ֱϣͷԼĽţ΢ѹȻ֮ǰ̸ɾѣܴЬ˫ѧ֮ǰ˫Ŵ·ѧССһЬӸƵӣ·СʱѧУҲЬϴţصҲֻ˯ǰˮЬһѣƶ¶㹻ˣ˵ĺųζ
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СС⣬ǰҲûҶСõȥ˵˫ЬŴֻһ˫ء
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ſССػصܣһͷˮʣССɶأˣ
ССɵЦҡͷûɶ
ҶСվЬԱߣϽȥǵõСС˲Žȥ
СһЦܣֻԼ֪


31 
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ϴķǮһ㻳УСССķȥϴ룬Ҳ
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ССŵ꣬ȥ档ССԼ㻨Ǯƽûö٣ˣдԷϹһ䡣
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ССԼɺдǮóʮǮдҶСҶСźĸֽҡӲңõɴۡ
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浽ʱ࣬ɫСĲűı
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32 
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ʱһ죬ܴرһΪζҲķζ
һŤͷڰķֻüԷԼվñֱˡͷ򵥵һͷţû𣬶شں󾱣İ𪲱ɼڻ谵ĿռķȻԿһ޳ƯĲ
һķʶκһ衱ϲڱտϹӣϲڡһķĸоһ㶼ĵ裬ҲκһŮˡȻһҲˡ
ֵĸоһֱķһû취ԴѧҳǰȻܾãһʱ񣬺񿴵ùĵһЩ뷨¶һ
ķ粻ϲָоʱòϣһ֡ʱ򣬰ķæĮʵϸģֲԾʱȳѯҲֵ̧סʱÿֵͲǣջеľȣߡ
ķ粻ϲĬΪദʱû˵ԵΡһͬķʱ򵥶ţ˫һԣķҲΣͺ񱾸ˣְ£ţҪʱֱ
ͷβûٶ˵һ仰ķѵϴ裬´·һĲ£˻˼ҡһԼ۷µͰͿˮȫȥ˳ҪյˮҲӹ
һյſڣҪЬݣͿķ̺õĳϣССҶСЬܣ컨͵ݸķ硣ûб飬ǲˣֻĨҩ
ССķúܣʦĸһֵԭССںˣѪ׸ĸʦķ硣
СΧķ磬ķ΢ЦοԼû¡
ʱķ磬ˮοЦ
һ룬ղŰķ磬ôûķЦô᣿
ʰòˣһСȥ˯컹Ҫд˳Է˯о
ССҶСһ˷һߣķط˯һˡ
ķ粻ܾ̾˵ĺ⣬Ȼţץһô˼֡
ڽ֮ǰķ̲סͷúһ߶ϡ
ķ죬ʲôҲû˵
ֱȫݶ˵ƣֻпյ
ΪʡǮȫֻһ̨յ봵͵ðųһԻķĴԣǴ󳨿š
һڿϣҪ˯֮ʣ´Ьıһ̧ͷķСʣһ˯𣿡
һһ䣺ˡ
ķεصǸ˼ŵ˯ˡǸɶϡллˡ
һںڰֻüķſڵػ˾䣺
ķ˿ڻָ᣺ǡףΡ
һͷô˵Ⱦʣĸо֣Ķģ


33 ϯ
һǴڼԼһӺòдˣҪӣһңҶСİ򹤣ҶҶСܵܡҶĿˣĿˣһķ磬ܹžŸˣ¥ĿһԲӸպ¡
û뵽ǣһҪȥ˵ʱ򣬾¥ݼ˽Ҫ¥㡣
˵һҪŮúܣ˵ҲæˣºˣһҲĻǿôˡһ˲٣ֵܺܣϹţôҲҪһķӣһǺ붼롣
׻˵ԶײڣȻżͷò˵ȷʵһķࡣ
һ˵Ͳ÷΢еɫӵķ֪Щˣľס꣬ǿɾͲһǮˡ
Եʱķ¸·ʱ򣬾ίǷ¡
˵ʵһǮҲǮÿ̰ڵ±ˣҹط첹ѡǮһҪСС飬ҪάĸŮƣػҪǮüҾߡⷿʵڣһ˰ʱ򣬼Ҿٵÿ䶼ûУյһķǮװġ
ʱһ⣬Ƶ˻ȥպͺͷʶ˺ð죬ӲǸȰסǷ£ֻһߵ½һη⣬֮ǰһһ
ֹæƽ㻹ܺ͵ԵʱǼԼֻͣĺ֮һǴܺʳѧٲ˵
ûǰ㣬ʵΪһˣ˵ѹûһ硣
û취˼ƽʱ࣬һûУǽ챾ڼҲֻܻȥ
ʱķһȥļҶӲˣҲˡ
ǳԹ˺öģڼҳһպãûɶ޵ģҪȥԣǿɵѡõġ
ѡһרϯķݣӲˣռ
ÿĲ˶һʮ˷Ϲ򼸸еĳ̺ȾƵյһܺķһķֻһСС죬ҪһҪһССһյһŮٶС
šҵӣһϹǵһ
̺ܾˣǻңֱǴſʼ̣ˣҲҵ̡
ܺķǰ²õӡѹû̳š
ССҪҶСһҶСұһһұ߾ķ磬ķұڵ֮ܺľǻҡ
ܺ濴ķ磬һֻϧΪ˼Ҿ̫ĵĻԯޣķ˵ѧ£ܺ˵ĸͬѧѧ鷴˴ѧϰ塣
ķ˵µķƶߣܺ˵Ͽ˼µktvķ˵кöغҵYʡܺ˵ȥ򹤡
˵ģҵģܶһ仰㲻ˡ
ӣķ˵غҵYʡŲأɵöһۡ
YʡʡݣˮأУYʡYʡȫǾƶʡظƶʡеƶء
ϼGʡǾ÷غʡݣGʡ÷ԴҲ൱ḻöYʡ˴򹤣ȥʡγǣǾȥGʡ
ķȻǳˣҲûѡ̫Զʡȥ֧̣ȻȥԶܡԼʡµƶеƶöһ㷽ԣʳҲܸӦ
GʡԺYʡر𣬲˵ͨǾȫû
ǻԼ˵һڻ׼ͨȺ˵ŷζͨͨѵúܡ
ҡܼҵǶĲǵĻˮƽߣͨΣСһСӵͨ΢׼Щ
ķǵʦģǳģͨ׼úܡķ𽨳£һۣķ翪ͷķƶһ£ķ磬ķ糯΢Цͷ
һ˵ͨҲ˵ԣķ˵ЩΪֻģȴû뵽ӱЩ΢
غҵڵGʡغʡݣôҵҲҪYʡ
ԭû£
һԭ飬ԭδź飬Ҳûйҵ£ԭǵȹʮԪŻصңʱˣѹûϡԭûӵ¡
ұҪѧССһյʱȥɴԽߴССͨԼǻۣķķôĺӾΪͥԭ飬ԼССҸССסѧУᡣ
ԼķȰ˵£˵ԲøССס޵Ǯס͵ռб˲ռ˵ССȥ
Ȼƫ̫࣬DԭӦò̫ᷢ仯
һ¿ӣؿķ磬ѯʣʦ˵ķƶߣô£
ķһ㶣û뵽һЩ£ö˵ЩǶ㿴ܺķЩֻתƻ⡣
Ȼ˹Լ£ķ绹Ǹ˵ģŤͷһ˵ߡ
Ȼû죬Ҳ
ԭǽ·³̨ߣ˹ҳǮƶ⣬һЩƶҵ˰յŻݡƶһһƶƶ⣬жĽԴƶһЩ˸ƾѧУࡣͬǣҵⲿǮǰæѧУͼݡ˰ģ֮⣬ܸҵ˰ռ⡣
ܺͷѣ˵ֻؼáӦķԽ˵Խ𾢣һ˵ǲˮСѧͳжҵһһ˵ҪѧᣬԺЩɽĺӣͲÿ첻ɽߵѧֱסѧУᡣֹˣѧУﻹһԶרѧģЩġǮģѧСǴѧǰܿϣһһѧѺѡ
ССϳк󣬳ɼˣҲʱһһ˹ӶѹͻСܶࡣ
ССʱĴ󲿷ֿķģ˸ѹʹˡո߻ãһѧǧѧѣʲôѡУԼӰ˵ķáոˣְ߾͸ˡ
ССĸУҲģֻˣԭûᣬֻ˵һǮҵҡҲһһǸҵ˲ˮкöѧֻСС˺øС
ǮغҵңһĿתͷɷصͷȥ޲ð
ҵңӰɣ
һûɵڷ㣬ԭССô֮Ĺϵʲиı䡣´򲻴û̫Ӱ죬һûô档
ΪֻˣҶҺܼԷһûǵǮҲ㲻ϴ磬ûķˣɴʹȥԼһϳԣҪڷٸǳһ١
˵Ҫȥ¥һûɶ£Сһ档
ܺȻҲҪ¥һҶס¥ءΪܺദһ㣬ܺɴ飬齫ڿССģ˵ģһ治齫Ҳ棬ȥ
Ҳþû˴齫ˣGʡ齫YʡвͬϰϼҵĹ򣬾ܺôһᣬ˲ˡ
һߣһ


34 
Լΰ֪ǰҪŮϴŮԼŮǰԼǰޣвĵְָŮǲӦ
ԣһûɫ¶ӺˣҪȥٷԵǷŵġ
֪ԼΰҲǸӴɽ嵽ˮ򲻹·Ҫʱ䣬Ϊһҳŵʱ䣬ֻԼҫֳǡ
¥ҵúܣԼΰֻ֪һĿǰס¥˵¥߶¥һסһߡһ㡢һ䣬治֪
Լΰû취ֻȾһ¥ס
һƬһҵİóԣҲʵݣö˼ҲʶԼΰ΢һ֣˵ԼһϹ˵ǰھǾͶļˣָ·
ܿϧԼΰʱѾʮһ࣬һΪ˽϶࣬ڼͷŴ¹ȥˡ
ԼΰҵһŵʱֻƺͽյŴ
ҫòУקҪԵģԼΰֲһʱֻסһⵣˣӳ˵㶫ӡ
һһ壬飬ʱֳõһǮûҵһȻĿ飬ԼΰֱѪ
ĿǮ˵̲Ǯһˡ
ǻǮԼΰһӻˡϰȥɻһǮûõ׷ծ˼Ҷˣûض׷ϼңҲûҵĻɣڼֵ۵ðʳ߲ҲԼһСԣҲǮһǮ㲻ˡ
Լΰ¥µھ˵һ±˵꣬һ±͵߰˿飬ÿ첻֪üʮÿʮһǾǾŰٿ飬ȥۻһҲһǧǮôһ׬Ǯôף
ֻһӻòǮ׬еطסȴ֪һסˮܶûеӣûУյҲֻܺ˴򣬵Ĳ˾͵ԼˣԼΰֻˣûһЩ±첻տ±ˮÿͶȥôɱ
ԼΰĲʵ¥£ĵʱ˵иݸߵȥһҵ⡣һʼԼΰΪϴ򣬾˵򣬲ǱˡԷ˵һȥģǳͲ
ϾȥĶ㣬ͦŸӣǳԡ
ʵ˿еȷʵ򣬶ܺ
ܺǳ˵ͷȥķ˵û뵽֪ˣΪһ˼ҲֲǼҵһھӪķڹܣϾ˶Ưסһ𣬺ö˭˭û壬ο˭˻˭û롣
ңö˿һǡΪӵӣķ磬ǻϲ˵ӡ
ǣԼΰ¥Щ˵ܺ׷ķ磬ǰ޺˹
˵һôôż飬Ҳûܣٶ⣬ǰ̹ˣΪɶҪֵĵزȻˣ
һŮôܲҪˣֻпܲҪˣб˴ڣ
һԼ˻飬ȻŮȥǸ˹֪֪趥ǰ޵ĺӣ̸ȴп˺ɧǰŮ
ԼΰԼˣܸɳôû޵һԼˣ˵ľ
ŭȴһʱԼΰڿһһ˴ӽֿԱھӸָָǸ˭ȻǸ˲򣬶һûˡ
ܺôҲǱãƽҪɻᰮװٴǽһɡ
Ǯ򷴵Ƕɳ̲һ˫ϣ̸ʱͽֱɢԱûʲô
˶ÿԼҲҪٷѡеˣִҲеģܲȱç
Լΰŭͷھӵյú죬ֱӳһȥ
ڣǸ˶֪ҪֱӶ֣ﻹšҪ潸
Լΰһͬõö඼ϵģֻƵģõʵʵ£ٵأҲ
Ҫ˵ܣһռ·磬±Ĵףװ±ˮˣʮеģԼ̧̧£ɼƽʱж
ɹؼǣԼΰиһҪͷϣͷѪꡣ
ԼΰĿҲ൱ȷǳһģ˿ҽ͵Ļᣬ֪ΪʲôѣΪŮ粻ôС
һʱ֮䣬˭͸˭һӡСŵüпȥ˼¡
һɲӲһӣ򵽼ϣȥԼΰһӻԼΰĺϣʹ̲סŻʱˡ
һ˳ҪػԼΰͷ£ȴļ
ţţ
ԭǻУ㲻֪ôԼΰһӲˣŵˤڵأܵŴ̼ˤˣȻˮˡ
һͷһϽת˲ʰԼΰϵԱߡ
Ѿʹͷ󺹣ץ֣סذʹӺʹҲʹ
򼱵òУҪ˷죬æϳǿȥҽԺ
һ̰סļ򣺡ͣĶģ
ڽֱϣ򼱵˦һ֣˵ôˣæ
һ㣬ٿһˣҶһʧӣһҲæŵúܣЩһ侲úܣƿΧ£ˣڳضȥ˵ҲҪСʱк̵ưߣ֪*Ҫʱ䡣ʱ䣬˸Ұ̧ҽԺȥֱӾˡ
ʵˮʲôҽԺֻһ֮⻹˽
ѾˣɲСطӣҽôһʲôأ
ҪĳŲȥҽԺ·ϺķѵļСʱʱô죿
ǸѵľһϣԱһҸʳһľӣк򣺡ϣֱӰ̧ȥ
ˮ򲻴󣬺ܶҪĳڹϣҲϵɵĵֻɳһϡ
¥Ӧɵͨũóֵ֧·һ·С߼·ߵɵϡ
ȷʵֱ̧ӿһЩΪڲԶ
ܾᣬһʱ䣬ûһʹܺϹ̧ϡ
ľӵȻҪ˱ȥ°ѶӸ̧Ҳץֽţ΢һ£̾͵ˡ
һرǿ˵ֻܺСһˣϹʮ꣬ҲƻסˣһƬհףϡͿذæ̧ľӡ
һ̧ſ캰ص㣬ȥ
ԼΰһͶ㵽һȥҫղŶһԣڲܳץԼΰĿ˵ְ֣ǻȥ𣿡
Լΰŵһ̲֪ˮѪĶŵɫɷףץŶӾˡ
ֵָܿԼΰﲻ֪˵ʲô
ȻԼΰĹϵֳһԼΰѲ˸ϵ
ָ˰ȥһ򶼱ϵ棬е˺ѷΡ
ԼΰһҪǺһʬ϶Ѳ˸ϵΡһΣһ߾徻ˡ
һҪĽ㲻ӦôȥԼΰˣˣҲؼ꣬˵Ѱ
ΣһϣûкĻҲϣ


35 
㱻ƽ˼СʱʹѣޱĽ
ССҶСǺӣѾɵˣڱҽԺϡ
ķҲǵһ£ǶģмʶҲ֪Ǽ׵£ȫû뵽ôʹ࣬ļУͷƤ顣
ʹްһʼļ񣬵˻ƣ˶̲ס
ǸḶ́Ƕû취дһңŵһҲﲻ̫æֻܸظҡ
һûߣ棬ˣʱˮ˵ķԣһڣиܰæǰסԺǽǮɶģһڣӲŲԮ
ֻǣһǴˣﻹãСССﲻʲôãҪһһȥչ
һķССȻȥķ˻ϳԡķȻóڳæССȲ󷹣һһСиӦ
źһУķҲǣССˣһһȥˡ
ҽԺôิӵĳ򣬻Ҳǩ֡Ǯ¡ܹ¥һ¥ͼ¥ǲмиԺӣԺͨţͣΨһһȻȻСһԽҰСҪΪȥˮ򸽽Щ·ߣӴ˷ȥ
Ǯʱ򣬸ʿ˵ʲôһжõģҲˣٺܺôȥңʲôõģ˼ҩĻʿ˵ɶãøҽ˵
Ǿ˲ٴ⣬ҲˣǵһΣε˳Ǵ̼֮µ
Ԥڣһ⣬֪ܲĸƽ
һֱϰ˵㣬ûһӶˣҲǣȰһԷΪһҲϻתˡ
һҼݳⶼ˵ˣȫˡ
һЩСݿţɿķݣǮͨݹһ㣬ζҲһ㡣
һ߹һңܷ͵Ĳ˵һۣ˳
һ룬һͿһУæߵӰ
ķ磿Դķ˵ʱ̽ʦһ͸Ŀˡ
ķľһͣסͷϴЦҹǣ氡ҸŸ˷
ţżšķ統ȻܸжԷţҲʺϸһֻܽŸ硣ķ꣬Ҳ֡
һ£ķҽϣʣĽû°ɣ
ķŤţüʱĨҩ컹Щʹ·ȥʱҲáʱЩܵķˡ
з㣬ǿʽϷУ˵ʵӦڱˣܾͲ˵ˡ
¥Զķ߿Ͳ·䡣ǣ߿㣬ſʼˣķԵۣ˾ٷʾ⣺ûˣ߰ɣȥԡ
ȣﲻ֪ΪʲôҲûյƫƫҪ¶ȵͲ١
һ߹ȥȻȻӹУŤͷһķЩ̫ȻˣķһЩķ첲⡣
ķһ㶣һĬĬؿûʲô飬ķȴӶԷ֫嶯пһ˿
ķݸһЦִһĸ첲ŶԷ첲ߡ
ȻԲ·˼ҶѷˣٻǵóԵ㡣
УǸģǸһģװķ˶һǲˣұǷ
ССģӲУҲССȵġΪʣˣҲҪʲôգһȣ΢ùһ¾С
ҶС͸ؼˣҪССһͷˣķܾòģɴԼͣ٣Ǹˡ
ķߵüټʢıȣȺţһԼģڰ̾
ķҲܾôһСһһûȥ
ķŲһ϶ȻȥԼһ㡣
ķͷͬ⣬ҲһһҵĹϵǳһҲֻǺĹϵƽһ㲻ˡ
ʢģ˾ŵҲˣһкȥķȥ
¥ߵ·Ϊˮ򾭼òզأûʲôҹ˾ŵ̶Ѿţһ·ȥ·ƶûУڡ
ķǺºڵģºڣ¹ǻһЩ־¹£Ҳпֲ߼Ĺ¡
˵ƽ°ҹ¹ţǹҲģк˻ˣǹҲӦкù𣿺ù˺޹ˣǻأ
Ⱳӻû㳨ķҲ¹
һѹΪйڡķǸˣ˼άԱΪһ޸ֵϵͳ֪лǧ硣
еȻţ磬Ȼķڵ粻ǡ
ǣһҲ¡
ĳ˸һţֻץԽԽ
ʹͬʱһڳѣķ硣
ķŵüһ
һŤͷ˵Ӧ֪İɣûй
ķͷ֪
ķôǴѧҵܵ˾ĿѧҪѧûһ·߹߽¥ڵС֣ǽϻСѧš
ķӲֲֻ¹ºڣ˭֪ڰʲôб̬ɱ˿ô죿
ôƽƶСϣб̬ɱ˿
һƶԷڵִ¥ʱ֣¥ݼĵƾˡ
˹⣬ķͺܺܶ࣬˿Ҳŷ֡ԭһ·ץһĸ첲ԽץԽ֪ذͷһļϡ
β࣬ͷһϣһĲӦûе㲻һ·ϣķȫûʶһ㡣
йˣķϽֱͦ壬Ρ
˭֪һѹûһ㣬ķ͵͵Ťͷȥһı飬ֻüԷһ䵭Ĳ
ķһͬʱ̲ס˸ղһʱĸܣͦаȫеġ
ķؼңһëϴƷӶҪסʱȥСˣûض
ʱһûʲôоһߵ¥ݼ䣬¥ĽŲ֮ͻȻͷۼš
¥ûеƹ⣬޵ҲûޣһͻȻ뵽ӼҵܹҲӽų̣ʱ쵱ȻǺڵģȥʱҲȥ
Ҳ˵ķͷʱѾˣһ߹һûй⣬Ҳû˵·
һһŷӣɢɢЩƵĹӸҴ¶ҵĹҲС
ԣʦͷҲîİɣ
һص˲ȣ洫ӵ˵ҽʿȥĶ
ñƳҪȥӣһߵĵڣý
һǰʣô
Ѫɫͷ󺹣·ͱˮʪ֮⻹ûüĿӺ°ҲԵѪ
ʵû˵ֻǳһҡҡͷһҲɫףҲһû£ĸŮƽ
˸֣һһθоˣʲôеĿڵľʯڷ¡
ת㣬ȵˮԵ㶫˻ղûģţʮСʱ񱻰ǵһƤһ
һæǰæιˮιһ߰ʿ˵ܳôؿڵķˡˣҲûĿԳԡ
˵Ҫӣʿֻøֱ
һɵ㶵վһԣŮͰ͵ģմŲ֪Һ壬һûס²۵еӡ
þһۣƨСʱܺõĶȥʱҲһʮǰ㶼ڲģֻСں
ˣĨһѶͷϵĺЦŸһ˵ãøлɣÿ˰ҽ˵ҪҸȥ·Ͼ͡
ĻͲ˵ˣ˵
һͷû¾ͺá
һϴƷ˷£һڽнü춼ҪסЩõš
㱧źӣһ˵ĴȰϽȥɣˣңڣɶʹСССƻڼҵأȥɻȥɡ
е˵ܰظǶƵһһʼ⣬Ҳ⻰бĸ顣


36 뿪
һؼҺССķ綼û˯˼ǹûһҲ㡣
֪ĸŮƽСС˵ñķ糤һ
ҺоգҪ£ķһĻܾͻΪĨӰ
ССһóÿɰһĳ࣬ʵ˵еӡ
ССһ㶣ϧءһ
ķһСӸ˵ˣСӤɲɰԼ迴ÿġ
һ΢ЦӵӣûǰȰģԭ㣬ദ㣬Саӡ
˵о仰ΪĸգһȴãеΪĸᡣĸ֮󣬱ߣҲһط
ʱѾˣϴϴ˯СС˯ǰһʣΪʲôóôģܵܳʱ䲻²꣬ȴһҲģڳ֮󣬸ֻԼǵеĳ˵ܵܣְͲˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣһССɴϺੲݵӣ϶˵Ϊ費ðˣ˭ֻ֪򵥵ˣΪ׵Ͷʡ
ССתһʣڶ˰𣿡
ҪһôشڵȻǸϵͳﶮʲôǰ
СС棬һûֱӻش⣬˵ɣ˯ȥá
ȻССһȥã˵̰Ѱ֮Ժ
ͨķ˵Сڼžҹشÿ˵Ķ䡣ķССһĶԻ𰮺Ͳ⡣
һڻر⣬Ϊʲô
ڶһ磬һ緹꣬һָ档
СС㿴ãʱ򣬻ûȼʲôϵ֪Ϣҵ͸ϡ
ĸŮƽǴ绰֪ͨĸԭûе绰ģӻ󣬾ûе绰㣬ųǮװģҳΨӵԼ绰ļͥ
Ҫ˵Ұ費㣬賿ӣûгϵ£Ӳǿ߳ҰԼڻҪ곤һЩѾʮ࣬Ҵ㶼ʮˣ˵ϵġӲ߳緹ҲûóԣǶͷۻ
ƽƿڴԼΰǸȥԼҪ˵ÿҼû£Ҫɶ⣬ȫᣡ
еĵԼŮмããֻһŮҲֱӽãͺʲôһǸƺֹ֡
˵ô˵㱧źȴΪΪԼƴ
ڹ㣬Ůʲôʱϣȡʲô֡
̴˵ӻϼңʱԷϼҵĲǨҲˣͽŰ衣
գաʵںܶ˵ĲôҪһӲҪ㻹ǺܿذֵģСûдӸĸõܴӱõ
ĸŮİûܵõ˶Ů˵İܵõɣδŮԸĸİҲܵõɡ
Ҷˣͷðõúܡ
һʱ˵˾䣺Ϊɶ谮ţ
ȫ˿Ĭ룬һһۣ᲻˵أŰţԼ˵ˣ⺢ӿ϶үհ˵ʲôء
һ˵ģӦø
ûڣķ͸Ͻקһһգۡ
ʾ˵һϡ
㱧źӣڲϣû˵һӺ󣬲֪ΪΣЩصͷȥ
һ뵽պԼΰССȥգ֪δŮգ辭øĸ˫Эһͬ⣬ԼΰȻǲͬ⣬һ²֮
ССգֻΪ˺ԼҶϵøףʱһͻȻ֣ϵִţ񳬺
յ֪ͨҲ㣬ܺãˡ
üŴб˵ļƵúܡ˶֣һ룬һ档
ķ״Ҳ˳ҲˣҲ͵ѣôˣʵڲ죬һȥ͸͸
һڱϣ̧ͷķ磬ʦ֪Ķ࣬ΪҽΪʲôƴµĺӣ𣿡
ķƺѾϰһﲻݵӣ̾Ȼǹ涨˺ӿ游Ҳĸգͥ游ա
Ϊʲô
ķü뵽ҵ˵ΪһҪռǮңҲ
ȷʵ˵ԴҪҵͼ֧ͥ֡
һʣҰ趼ڵɻҸҰա費µظɻһӵĵأҪؼչ˺ӡ񣬰ǶԼͥһΪʲô裿
ķԼĸĸ趼ʦ˵ŵڣ⣬趼Ƿǳʦڣ˰Ҫ⣬صһҪչ͸磬ﲻԡ
ķһһͷûץסǻ˻ͷⲻҪĸӵĶһģֲΪ˭վ͸ı䣬ҲΪҺһվͲҡ
һַϥϣڻʲôҶԶӵİΪһնı䣬ȴ̻ǼҾһԵģˡ
ԭŵĹϵãҲʱΪһЩ³ܣÿγˣԴͻԭ͵͵˵ԭԼΨһˡ
һԭӣԵЩʧѹ
ķüͷ֪Ȱ
һСӰԱһ㲻ˣҵ裬Ҳ˺òãҳҾ͸պòã
δŮ辭øĸ˫ͬ⣬ȴҪ
һ˵ǰССԴͷ˵á
ķһԿţü˼
һǺܶµزἰ⣬Լ˭ƽ϶νףŮҲһָֻŵġ
סԺһܣܿͰסڸŪ˺ЩƷҩӣȻ˶ġ
ȵ˰£ڷGʡŻȥϻڡ
ǰ˵ԼʱССˣûϵʽԸһװһ̨绰СС绰
⻹˵ùȥǺָһ̨䣬˵ǲССһϰѳԲķ˷ǵó꣬û䷹ˣ¸ССԳˡ
ʵϣһҵ˵رãȶ˺ܶ࣬ÿûʣˣȥˡ
һҲûоܾŤĺ⣬˵绰ͱ䡣
ʱݿյû˲ټҾߣеҵζˡ
һ㣬ܵǮжģ̨ʵ硣ʵ粢ϡٶһ˵ǣԲˮĶ˵ʵϡ
¥һ¥ʳ̨Сʵ磬ֻʣһвʵ硣
һǮʵ磬ҪҪʳһʱ䣬û뵽뿪û죬Լΰˡ
ΪʲôΪ˻ǮʱһûҪӵĸȨҲûҪҵĵغͷӣԴӦøһһǧ鲹ʱԼΰ˵ûǮֻ٣Ƕʱ䣬һССǳ
ԼΰΪľǻʣ߰ٿǮ
һɻؿԼΰƳݣֻССҵӰǸʦûš
̫߳ˣִֻĿˣȻǮ


37 
ԼΰԴСС죬Ҳûֹ飬±׷ζ
ܻԼңʰǮƱӵʡȥ򹤡ǮûԼˣԼҲ£Լΰ˵ǰʹһظ潸һ
ڲҲʲôй˺ֻ֪ԼӴһ쾭壬˭ϱܴˣһһĲȻҹˣûˡ
ԼҧǼԼΰû⣬ɲһ
Ժû죬رˣȺƽʵټܺͰ˵Լΰһʬ˵ΣǮǿ϶ģЩӲȻסԺ˲ǮǮҪ˳еɣΪǮͲˡ
ûһҪµʱԼΰһƣ˵ʲôôһɮ濴棬ôһӻԼң°껹ҪѧѼǮˣô졣
֮Ϊ˶žԼΰһе°ܣѹûһԼŮ迴ţܴ㻹ãϹһɽȥˡ
˴ɽ壬Լſһɣʼ캰ءΪ˽죬⴩˰·
ǰ£õһУʲô̫̫ϴүôһɣҲû취
οԼΰҲұҪ汨˾׷¶
Ӳ˺Щ죬Լţֵڸһ㻹ŻٲǮȥ˾ǮҪ
Լΰ˽ֻһӼҵǸ
СС˵úԼΰʱ򣬾Ȼֻһǧ鲹Լΰˡһǧ飬ԼΰҲǷ߰ٿ顣
뵽ССĸŮʼǼѵӣ㲻ԼΰҪҽҩѡסԺɶģһҪ߰ٿ飬Լΰ˵ҪȻҪ򵥵ĻǮɴΡ
ʵϣ¶ҪֵɳȥԼΰҲǮ£ҲΡ˵䲻ģǾǺܶطûշܶûصĺ˼Ҷ㡣
Լ˲֪Ǿ֪ŵģӲˣѹҲû뵽Ǵĺ
Լΰٿҽҩѣһ߰ٿ飬õȥһգʱòǮ
ԵǮչˣԼΰǮˡΪΪǰ˵һںȥһǮûûȥ
һʲôŵǮвյĵ
Լΰ߰ٿ飬Ϊܵһɫû뵽һǮллҲûУתͷ˰ȥˡ
ԼΰһȥæССССְ
ССɻ̧ͷҵأܲܲҪһ쵽û£ûС
˵ʲôʲôĺӣǰԼңԭԼΰССǲ£ССʱӿųˣ˭۸أһĻûѧѧһĳ
ʲô°ССЩͷ±ߵڡ
ԼΰȥŹŵģ˹˿Ͷˡ
ǰССĸ˵ԼΰüͷѾͷǰ޺ԽԽˡ
ָǮ˵˵Щߵý
ҪǰԼΰ˵ССǮССΪǹˡڣ˵ǮСС˵ǲٵ㻨ǮԴԼΰ̺ССرְ֡
ҲϡССŤͷܻȥ
Լΰˣʲô̬Ȱô˵֣
浱˶õӣڼңκθĸԳΪˡ
ССʣʳָԼΰԡ
һӳ߳ÿһĻѵ±棬۾
СС˲ʵذַźá
һ̧ͷԼΰƽ͸¶һ˿Ҫ𣿺Ŷȥ򡣡
ǸղſԼΰǸǮԳưְֵģ֪ϰϹǰӣҲ˵ʲôڿϰ̬ȣƺ죬˾Ͳˡ
ǾǣŶ*ȥûʡ
ԼΰҧǺ죺аôңǺڵʱ򣡡
ԼΰҲûˡ
һԼΰǶջ߰ٿ飬Լķִİٿ飬һǧһ̨ʵ磬õȵ꣬˵ӡ
˭֪ʵˣһ㿪һƬѩףԭҪ뿴ݺͽĿýӷѣһ꼸ٿ飬Ͷһ¶ʮ顣֮⣬Ҫ뿴һЩʵķǵط̨ö⽻㲥ѡ
ȻҲ¥һһٶǮߣ׳ƹǣǸǽܽպܶźţҪúõλãȻźŲ׻
ǵԼ۱Ⱥܸߣźʱ̫ãܽյĵ̨Ҳࡣ
룬һѡߵӣÿ½ӷѾС
뿪ѧˣܻʣڣССҵҲˣʹʹ쿴ӡһҲӿԣǱٵ֮ǰ͵ϴ˯
ӵĳԲΪһԼģÿɲĻﻹġҪΪССѧϰܿ̿࣬ҵٿͷһھˣӶķżõҵû¸ɡ
ССԼ㻨Ǯ㻨Ǯ߻ʳûСҲûô˼
ʱҶСϣССǿࡣ
һҲˣȷʵȺӶٲ˺ۡںĻϣҲϷѰѡ
ССһǺùˣԵúôúˣûдǰôˡ
ССѧУûʲôѣΨһҶСڴ˵Ҳܿ߳ҶСƽû³Ļûء
һ룬̨ӣƬӾֻš£Ҳеֻ
ɣķԼҲӾ磬ˮӶų̂һһӣͻ֧֣˵Ǯ
ӰװˣӷҲˣϣΧڿ˵Ͱװʦ˵ģң㿪ӡ
ֻౡһ
ССڳ˷ܵסǴֻһ˼еӣǺڰ׵ģǻ˼һ̨ӷһЩƬʲôvcdţҪշѣһëǮһΡ
ССǮÿζҶС˼͵ͨ洫žŻ档
һӣʱĽĿʲô
ңķϣССͯƵҲΪ̫ûӣҲŶ࿴̨һ̨һ̨ص
һһС۾ֱŵĻָĽĿۻҡ
ŶͯƵȥķ磬ͻȻڰĳ̨ʱͣסˡ
һؿһ۵ӣڲһɷŮعµĽĿ˺һλġµŮڶԻ
Ůũ壬֪ĿڱŮصĹ£ϵظĿдţĿ鹤Աдţ޲Դ˸е𺳡ɷͬͬסһʱ䣬ŲųһƵ
ĿеŮ˲ƶ񤣬Լ׷ȴũ塣Χˣ࣬һδͨӡҪ˽磬ȴһδαק˻
СС۾գؿţķü˼
һûвκεĹΪʵеش롣
һǵõŮ˵һ仰ʹ࣬ҲҪľ
ϣССûٴҪƬȻ֮żҲῴ
ССͻȻ𣬺֮ǰ裬¶ģΪ裬һҪúö飬ǮҪչ衣ǿŵͺŮˣȴ˵Ӳ˵ĻǸŮҪʶ֣Ϊ˭ֻΪԼ
Ϊ˭Ϊ裿
Ǯ㹻ĸŮԺˣҪô裿
ͣض飬Ȼأ˸СѧȻأƾѧüױһ޸ǮˣȻ󱨴
·òƺɣСС̲˵Щ̼޵ôãŮһգҪأˣԸգգĺأһǺӲֺͱˣ
ķҲذҹ˯ڿʲôʼŵơ
һ͸ûйϵţķǰæµӰ
ķͷɢţȴ˳ش¶ĲҹĻƵƹĵ˸¡
ôˮŮˣҹĲ˯ڸʲôأ
ڶһ磬һ֪ķʲôˡ
ķ簾ĵ㣬һЩϹá˯˵ȴӡ
ʰ˶ѱʡϣǮȵװõĹİȻŹشЬӣһ߻һ߸һˣ粻ҵķҳţϲŻǶҲùҡ
һķø磬ΪҪ±⣬һԸͷӦһˣ첻֪ΪΣһ˾䣺Ҫȥģ
ķЦ峿ŴսʱԵԡ
ȥҷãڿѧˣѧкöѧ˵꼶ˣҲ¿ܴ붼Ǽﲻö
ԣҪȥȰ


38 
ʦҹı
һһ±⣬վڳſڿķ硣һûоĸֻ֪֪ͬʱͬвͬеȻ෴˵һȥ˵ĳУ˵˵ٷֲԳơׯзҪǣһģעؽ
˿̣ķЦֲãȻƷһеġ
ǰķˮΪԼ룬ͬʱֺìܣ벻ĸϿɣΪǲôõļͥΪʲô벻ĸ̺õ·һֱô˳˳ˮȥ
ϣķ翴Ůֲʵ񿴼ԼʦǸũ壬ȴƾԼ̿ķܶߵ˴ѧλõŮˡ
˵һܶλʦ׶԰ѧеȷʵУеܻԼĥӡķˣҲ㹻Ŭ߽˴ѧУ԰Ӵ˸Ϊ硣
жˣСѧ޷룬Ǳһشɽƫ档
ķΪԼûаߴɽпƳƫľġ
ˮ򣬽ӴôѧЩѧһѧڱһѧ٣Щʻףǰһʧ䵫ɵıӰ
û֮ǰķ綼ôġҪǲˣ̸˭˭
ķҲȥ߷һЩѧѧͥЩƫԶļͥסַˡ
Сʦɽ嶼ЩɽȽϺߵģ·壬ֳ·ߡһЩ壬ڸĴɽУȥ
ķҲΪСʦȰˣˣ̺ԼĶʮѧУġ
ΪʲôòģΪ˸еǷܾãԼøࡣ
һķʲôԭķŮеʱΪҷãʯɥ
＾ʯ߷ڣҲˮ򸽽ɽˮǰҲ˳꣬᲻ǰһ֪
룬һķ˵Ҹһȥ
ķһ㶣ⲻ
Ҳǣһƴһ²Լһμ٣ϸҪССգÿ⡣
һ˵ż١
˵꣬£ѱյϢľӷڴڣԼﻹ죺Ժÿܷż죬˫ݡ
ķ羪ޱȣȥҷöѣֲǴ£һȥ
ķôʣһ˵
һԹԵ¥æտһССССڣôǸʮһĴˣԼûڼҿӿС
㵱ȻȻӦһ˵˶ҪţΪԼ룬㻹һķҪȥɶ
һҲû룬˵ķҪȥҷáܲ⣬ЩѧѧѧɣһѧЩķǸɶء
鲻⣬ķ̬ȷʵܸΣһӦ°æտСС£ҽַģһû⡣
һҲⶣССڼҪעⰲȫİڴǶ˵յż٣Ҫ·İҪССССֽҪ±˵ĵȺ
һ±⣬һŽ˱һ±ţ⣬װţ˵׷׼ķ·ϳԡ
ķŹİһòװķУ˾ôһˡ
ʱķ绹ɻأһţͷʲôǼҷõ˴ӳ˾Сȫû뵽еĴġ
ķȥǰĩɼڶŮң⺢кɼССñССΪССһܹרͶѧϰȴΪͥԭÿ춼ǰҹѧϰѧ·ϣ춼ûЬԭүү̰ЬˣΪ˲顣
⺢ӣӲǳү̻˯賿ĵѧˡ
ѧǺò׶ˣѧ治ˣԭҲܼ򵥣ү˵ҪΪ˶첻ܳȥ˲Ż粻ҪҪǱү̸ϳȥûطסˡ
ķãҹ涨ľȹ涨ЩӽܽȨҲ涨˸ĸȥܽ񡣽ܽȨҲҪͺү˵£ү̼úѧǾΥġ
һ㶵ţҲɵɵظŵͷ̫ķɣϾûϵͳѧϰȻΪʦķ綼ô˵ˣǿ϶Υġ
סںҰӣҰӺͲˮԶмһ·ˮ·Ӳˮͷʮӵ·̣߹ȥСͷ԰Ҫ
ϴҪֽƱһëǮշѾС
һŴʮǮķҲࡣ͹ʲ࣬ʮûġ
ķһģһĴˡ
һ״ҲŸԵİϴλ
ִɳɳĵĿʹ嶼ǽģֿͷûêǴǰϿ˵ĵطи׶һǳ׳ľӴӿ׶зȥÿڰߡ
ˮвˮɽϣˮָıǲˮĶ԰ǺҰӣ԰ͷһƬߣܶضǻĵأֻ·ûй·
ȥҰӵ·ݲֳΪ·խã¹֮󣬱̤ѹһһǳ·ȥݽȥ
κεطټѵĻ˶뷽跨Ѱ·Գ߽Ұӣһ취
ǾνҰĦУһЩΪ˿Ħг׬ǮͻںӵĶ԰ͣʽĦгţĸ˳СǮһˣǮһˣء
һһأ˾ʮĿǮķ뻹ЩۣҪܰѺȰѧҲֵõġ
˴Ϊ˿;Ҫȵһ˿ͲſϿ
ֳɳĵĿ˴Ƚϱⳤû̫ิӵĽṹͷǼװ壬¿ˣվûдֻд֧˵Ҳûӣֻд͹ΣмܴռʲôûУҪôԼվҪôԼšһСضǼʻңʦ档
һ磬ϴʱλλáλòһλãһΣƨܼ¶ٸٸ
ķ棬һİм䣬˼úܽżܼ㲻ˣʵܲӵվڴм䡣⴬ɲƽȣվмˤ˿û˹ܡ
˵ҪһǮôӶ԰أ
ʵġ;Ҳ㣬ûǮǴελãһƬǳ̲Բʯͷӣˮ
ķ粢ûôȥ߷ѧͥʱ󲿷ֵľ˰ССϡССԭܹͥѧпȥչѧ
Բһķվͬһ·ֻ·ǰһ֪ķ˵Ǻǻ
ҲһĽ飬Ϊֵļεˮ·ˮȥˮȶļˮҲߣ׷
ȻһһأǮٰȫ
ҴʱķҲԶԭǸķСڣڻǸҰˣҲ£һôˣҲͲˡ
ԽԽڵȴСʱ󣬴ˡ
䡱Ĳͻ죬̶н࣬ŴŨðһ˵ζ鲼һķȲĲǴˮ
ڴϵˣŲԵˮ棬Ǵǰߣȴˮ
ķϼγǷǳ͵½УȻˮҲǣγǲлɿ죬ķСҲûȻ游ĸҲȥĳ棬ɽͷһء
ѧɿʦһ±ÿûˣȴѩ׵ֱۣȥĲˮ
ָŴˮ棬ˮӰָƮʢĵڽӴĺӷͱĺˮʱɢӰ١
ķ羪ϲŤͷһһ㿴ˮøɾź
һɻˮ𣿹޵ˮû𣿡
ķüݺݵصһˮ͹޵ˮһ
ˮڽûʼۣˮ峺̣˵ɽˮҲΪ
ķһͻȻͲһɨˣֻۣɿ죬ˮһˮһȥ
һɵˣڵˮ𾪵ı飬һƽ޲۾ӳճ޷ľȣϲһߵ촽Ҳ΢΢Ŵ
ɵ˰ɡķȴڿһ¶ƽıʱЦø⿪ģĽǶȺüĽǶãóѵĺ꣬ûлġ
ôһʦˮȻ㡭ɰ
׶̬ɰһġ鶯һδˣӴ˾
ŮеΪĿĲֶΣ㾡ⲢǱ塣Щ㾡ҲΪ˲һ
ķ⡢Ŀɰһ˸һӡ
Ӧǿ֮£˳һˮлɢȥĲЦ


39 ɽ
ǰ¹꣬ˮǣˮȽϻǣ峺࣬ʱãҪǰ죬ÿ
һûȲľ׮Ѿ˴ӴͶеСϲһ£úܺ档
һ棬ֻܵȿһߣȻ˼ˡ
һҴϺüʮˣȥҰӵĶ߽ȥģһǺҰˣ൱ǻؼңһ˻ǰһʹزˮֻѡĦг
ķ粻̫˼˽ۣһΪ˵꣬챻˿ۣǸĨ㣬ƽʱ˵Ҫۣǻһһ׵ġ
ʲôöһģȥһ˻ҪһˣǵĳǾͱ˵㣬ȻǾȥұҡ
ߵĦг˽˾ӪһһһĦгżҲϾϻǮҰӵ˲ࡣ
һ˽ȥ飬飬һӲǸ˿ۿǮһˣʮ飬ںҰӴڵš
ӺҰӳҪСʱ̣һ˿ʹزˮ뵽㣬ԼؼұȽϺʡ
̸üǮԼس̵ʱص㣬һ˽ҰӵĦг
Ϊ˼ۣûڱǶǮͬһĦгȥ
Ħгûз֣һﳵʦǰ䣬ǲΣβǶнˣƽװ˫ţץŽסΡ
ķȥһֻ棬ֳˣάƽ⡣
ĦгֳɲһҰӵ·Ҳͽɽ岻һɽ·ùãôǼӲ·Ұӵ·ȫ·¹ļ죬ȫǿӿݵӣĦгȥͺͿɽһ΢ٶȿ㣬˾ܸ
ʻһЩ·Σ̥ݽ̶ֻ̥ۡȴԽԽ
Ϊ·;ķǸŮˣﳵʦй˵ġζζͺζζĸоѬķЩܡ
뿿ǰʦ̫мûаֿץȾֻ󿿡
һһǰָоͺݽԷĻһ
ķ͵͵ͷһúһĿϣŵķϽͷŤȥ
һʲôû˵ѹûʶķڸֻǽץƨɺˣάƽ⣬Ͼķ翿֧˵ƽ⡣
յķ紵ɢζķ翿һ󣬾ŲǰζˣᵽһϤϴ·ζϴҺûڲˮϴ·÷ϴ·ۡ
һܻϴĴϴ·ۣһϴڿ÷
ķŵľһϵϴ·㣬ϴ·۶ǹõģϾϴ·Ż㣬ҴǮʡǮ
ôһϴ·ۣһϵľ͸أզŲԼ·ζ
˳Сʱĵʱʱ㱻߳ȥĦг̥ݽ˲ò³æĦгƳȥ״оյصִ˺Ұӡ
ҰӺʹɽ˿ڲ̫࣬ӱȽɢеɽе￲ͷ
ķ˼񣬲ŵ֪ļڴβɽϣ˲Żɽ··۶ϵ֦ɽȣǿɽ
ɽ·ֻһߣһǰ棬ôķһѡ
˵ִﺫſʱķѾ۵˫ֳϥǣʱʱ֣˵ͣЪҡ߲ˡ
˵ķ֧Ҳǳ˲ٿģϾǳˣû߹ôԶߵɽ·Ӧġ
һӦˣǰȥš
ʱʮ㣬һȵʱΡ
ļǻӣԼҺͷһ㽨˶¥ֻܺཨ䡣
䶼ֻ䣬һݣͲ񷿺Сһ档ݺиǿŵģʺζ죬಻ݺĲ˵׽ӳԡ
ǰֻһССԺӣͨȵýʵγɵģŴ󳨿ţҰɽܶ˼סɢ첻Ҳû¡
ʱ򣬺ȵʱӵ緹ЪϢҲڣ߽ԺͿڰϣԷһڡ
ȿķ磬ʦզˣ
ֻڼң̡үүĵ趼򹤣Ҳиܵܣ˵ܵСͰѵܴܵȥ˴򹤵ĳУҲڳֹԱѧУ
ԼҲͬǣҵˣһζûعϼҿŮ͸ĸһµĵܵܣǲƶϼˡ
ֻˣүү̺ͺΪ
ķ磬ʮ־ϲܶѧʦ£ΪķᣬʦģżҲΪǺá
ңԴѧڽ֪ԼҲȥѧУˡصҰӣֻһȥˮ飬ҲȥˣﶼЩСûͬѧֻиɲũ
ڼķһ˲䣬صͬһ̶ˮģֱ˴̶˳ʦͬѧ֤Ψһϵ
Ȼ˵үүΪ˲ѧЬӸķΪΪү̿϶ԼһС
ⲻ֪ʦʱ򣬺ڸ飬кķһһ緹
ֻǣ˳ԲǵҰ˺̲ˣȥ͸ӵ硣
ķϽֹˣ⺫ұĺöҶҪãéݶ©©꣬һڳԵǵٵҰˣﶼûʲôֻк
ãһ˷ˣ±ţ⻹ʣˣ身ҵͷ΢һ¾ܳԡ
ķһƽԵû˵ɽ亣ζһպãҲüͣʱĺз𺫼˳ԵĶҲɽ亣ζˡ
˵ǳСС⣬ķϲѧˡܴҲܿ̿࣬ʱӱСС¼꣬ķ˵ΣǱѸģΪ˺ܶ⡣
ˣķ绹ϣܼȥ
һߺͺ˳ŷķһ߰Լְָи̺үү
ķ״ٷһȥԼⶼûˡһ˼ķ
ķ羪ȵı飬һƽ˵ҵĿˮһûӡ
ķϽ֣ǲǣǺ桭
һķ磬ɻʲô
һôؿţķ練˼˵ˣת⣬óԷʱʺĩʱ˵ѧڲѧˣʲô˼үү̲𣿡
û˵ķŤͷҶ˵尢̣ǲ֪ǰϳɼɺˣȥԺУжû⡣ҹ涨ľȨҲ˭ֹͯѧġ
Ҫǵѧѵ⣬⣬һѧҲʮǮ˳ҲŶʮ飬ʵòǮҡҲԵ渶ġ
Ҫѧķ渶ǳе𣬵һѧܳеġԭΪСС渶ѧѣҲΪ渶
ڡţػӦǵˮڴת
ʦģȫҶлл㡣ǣĲôȥˡ
ķ˰ضǲģȰ˵ѧѲ⣬ܡ
ѧѣźͷֹסذ̾ˮȥ飬Ҫ賿߿ɽ·ȥҪˮӣһҲͰˣӣ֪ˣˮˮġǰЬûˣӲǹŽҲҪȥ֪µʱֵͬܣȥˮһˣȥأӴֵܶûˡ
ֵʮˣСĸǼҴһ˵˵ﻹȥѧ·
Сº£ڲˮÿ궼ᷢʱѴأֹһѧУͼֹͥºӾСӰסģвĻðˮ
˵أպԼõͯ꣬ҵأֻܳΪͬѧѿǸǰҶǻ˵ˡ¼ǡ
ֻѧѳķԼ渶͵渶ˣʮǮѣһѧǼֱҪ̫㡣ɲֻѧ⣬߲ĴɽɲĴӣһ*
ķԼļҾǲĸͲ֧֧̣ûиһǮѺͷȫ̸֧Ĳǻиһϸ㣬˴ʡǮķԼǰ˰ٿ鲹ǲá
·ǱģķܾģʲôʦҲʲôĹԱİһ˺Ұǳ˴Ħгһؾ߿Ǯһ¾һʮ顣һѧ˵Ҳ£һѧأ
֪ԸʮǮ鶼ѵĺ˵һʮζʲô
𳵷ѣֻԼߣҲ˵߳ҪСʱ֮߳ҲҪԴӣү̲Ը⺫ˮӡ
Ѿʧ겻ؼҵĶϱҶǲϣˣΨǰĺΪŮΣǶϣðѧˡ
ԣķôȰ˵ڶͬ⡣飬ҲܻܸɻֵأԺܼܳϷ͹ˣС
ĵ磬˾Ͳ˼ķ뿪绹ҪũңķԼõĦгҲҪǰ
Σķʧȥ
û뵽ԼһˣĵȻεȥ
ɽ·ûɽףķͷٿһۺҵӡ
վϣңңķ磬ķͷɿĨһᣬɵسķ


40 
ͺһĻӡķԺȥ·һֱ˲
ʱɽˮڻȥ·ϱøɲˮޣҲɽҰޡ
ķ粻˵һǸ˵ģ˳Ĭһ·صʱСС߸ţȴ˵ĵѹһ
ǧСӵг̶ȣССִСܳĺӣԴĺû֪Ϊ
˲˵СҲڣСС޲óϴϴ˯Ҳҿ
˭̨֪õĵ绰ˡ
֪绰ûӣоķİ衣
ķ˿ϵĵ绰Ҳϸĸ˸绰õģ´С
绰ͷϤһ֪Ǹɤš
ԭ绰Ϊòһһ߰ٿǮյûɵúúüලԼΰûлǮҪǸҺŪƱʹ
һ˵ֱ㣬Ϊ˴ǮյûʼȦӡ
һúգֱӸɴ˵ԼΰǰǷҵ߰ٿ黹ˣİɣ
ϣʲô߰ٿ飿Ҳ֪ǷǮ
װˣԼΰȫ˵ˡһĵغ
ʱŭˣʲô˵˲׼׼Һ˵Ҳʰ
£ǳˡ
һթһ£˲Ϲˡ
㣬лл㡣һ˵б͵绰ǮҲлл㡣
ڵ绰˵ЩŤ˵ЩɶЩ߰㣬ССҸŮ˵仰
һŤͷȥССӵ绰ʱ䣬ѰССյĿҪĵ·ˡ
һķķң￴һϤ֣һﲻˣʣôѧô죿
ķŤͷȥһֿۿӵ绰ССͻȻ۾һ߳ȥһ
һҸ¶£
һ̧ͷķ磬ͷ˵
㿴ССסһû⣬Ҳ򼷣ܲܣúڼסһݣٸ㽻һݻʳѡ
ƽﲻǷ⻹ǵѣķ綼һƽ̯ûмƽϹһĸŮסõ硣ԵķҪӺסʱһԡ
ͷ̫ķһĶԻСС壬ȵػͷʣʦҪӺס𣿡
ķҲͷ˵ţǸúӣҲ浽һȥұȥȰѧڲҪ飬ѧ·;ΣңԶ﹩Ҳɺӳ£ҪǰסҪҲѧǼ£Ӧò°ɣСС𣿡
˵ˮɶĶûСС˵δ꺢ڼͥеĸΪ㣬Ҳȫļңķ绹ССͬ⡣
СС϶ʶģ˴һ꼶ʼͬ˵ϹϵҲ˵ϻԸѣССʵ治һȥ
ССɼ»ѧڣ˵һССЩϲǺ˵һûнССǰҫʲôҲôలµؼͬ
ǣԴҶСССڰϻûʲôѣʣһ˵
˵ʵҪǺסССͦĵġɼãҲУҪˣСС;Լаˣѧϰˣаˡ
ҮССץŵ绰
绰ͷ㱻ССһɤһӴҵĹɶأ
ССͰķ˵¸˵һ飬ͷĬãССɶ
ССҲֻ֪ҲѧûЬӿԴұԼһԶССȥѧ͵ĵ
һССͷ˵µǹССǶʲô΢θķ磺Ǻܽмѧأ
ķʱˣ֪ȥ߷һѧòҪǺȻǼҲס¼ѧ
һãҪĺǿѲɱĳ
룬˷϶ҲⰡһĲƷͷһûضţҪء
Σܽܰһһ
ϣķһȥһ˺ҰӣȰ˵úڼסʱССŵŵܹʦ˵Ҫ㽲
ķһ㶣¸˵ûɶĵİɣƽҲǴһ˵ˣɶ˵ģ
ССķ֣绰Ǳק
һͷķıɻ𾪣ٵϲŲµķ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼѵ绰ݻССķȲҪһϲ£һ֪ղ˵ҪˮСѧУʳõ뷨˵ｨܴٽǵصľ÷չܵõ߷ּ֣˰ղ֣ǻóһɼѧ
㻹˵ˣѧУǸѧСѧһ𽨵ģҿ϶̽ɣֻѧѧȽѧѧѵ⡣
纫緹ѧɺӵĴѣһѧٿ飬ôҲˡˣӺҰӵߵɽ·ճߣȵ˺ӱߣˮ·Σգú緹ѧУʳóԣҲԱٻؼҡһصĴҲһǮһʮ飬һѧҲһǮʣµļʮ飬鱾̸ɶġ
㻹˵ǾͱŰѺסˣķǶʹҵھֻкһŮ˸ߣġ˵ʦˣǺĵѺӽߣҲǲá
ķ缤УԿƵְһļϣ̫ˣ̫ˣ϶ҲǿССķϣܰͶˣºˣһϣˣǧǧϣ߳ɽˡ
ʵһ룬ûССһݹϵڣҲˮСѧΪԭԭŮССǴӲйӴóǮУᡣ
ͺñȣûһССķɻ֮ĳʱ̣ȥ߷ЩΪԭ޷ļͥ
һĲ룬ıЩµһΪ֮Уûʲôã÷ܻᷢ⣬ǰ·ҲΪδϨ
һ֪ǣ˳Ҫһ̣ˡ
ķ綼ȥ߷ͥһ͵ʱķ絽׻Ϊ֡˺
ķ˵ûʲôӰ죬Ժ˵ȴһ
ĳŵͰķ˷ܵ˯ž˵һˣ϶ʳԡ
ڶķٴ̤˽Ұӵ·һ˫ݵĵڶҲȥˡ
ķȰ˵£ŵ˵ѧУѧһѧ뵽ٿѹˣǮܸ˫ܴЬӣҲǧлķֹסظлͲûݺˡ
֪ԼȥѧˣһͻȻԼһûϴһϽȥϴˡ
뿪ѧԶˣķӺҰӻҪȥѧҷá⣬дŰѧѧĩ͸¶ѧڿܲ˼ķԱѧͥϢȥҡ
һһңôڿѧǰЩͥ˸顣漸һûȥˣΪ˺ңҵĻûôô·ܽ塣
춼ˣʯĿԲһ⣬ķȥˡ
漸죬ķ绹Ȱ˵СʦһСʦȻҲϧЩѧΪͥܿϧ˼ȥҷáѧУҷãѧУҷʲô
ѧУҷõĿĺķҷõĿĿȫͬȰСʦķһȥ
֪ķĴߣΪѧ¡ϽȰԼȥ꺮ůķһߡ
ܺԼҲҪϰ࣬ѧУٷż٣ֲʦѧֻ˵ķȥҷáĩʱһҲڣķϲһ˵ȥҲֻġ
һܺϲǲϲһӣܸоһӾͺһ۾Ѿ͸˼
Ҫ˵࣬һҲܺǲϲһңͺʺͳŮˣðѿأҲͻݡ
ڣڿѧǰķ߷ܹѧͥаڵģɼõѧǵļҳ֪ѧ룬һѧٿ飬ٿ鲻ǲﻹôţ˲ռײռȵ꣬УὨˣסѧУʳã͸ʡǮˡ
ѧа˸ﶼͬ˼ѧֻһ飬ΪҾƶڳ򹤵ĸĸȥ˳飬˵ǲʵתѧ
ķ˿У鶼һ


41 
ѧڵˣСС꼶ѧˣ͸ϳˡ
ˮҲгУСѧ٣Աߣһʼ޽УʵǸеģϾˣٵöУпܼȥΪķһĲͣУ޴һ㣬ɲѧУԶСѧסޡ
У޽̫Ḷ́ϾˮСѧӳеѧ£ˣлвֱסϵģԼѧУ̫Զ壬ⲿѧǲסУģʵסУ١
У޽¥һ¥ʮ䷿һ䷿װ˵ҴסʮˣȫססУȫѧܿպܶ
޽⣬ѧڿѧǰܿϾôСУᣬѲ˶ʱ侫Уһɣ͵סУѧѧȫǵһλ
ΪޣŮҲѧУһֵúܿԹ涨Ƕ¥סһ¥סŮ¥ɲˮвһλʦһ¥ŮСѧķСʦͬ
λʦǸʦɴҲס˶¥
СʦķһһµСʦԼƽʱҲСؼ̽׺ԱûжһݹʣǸֺõĻҲһȫˡ
ķԴ˵Ҳ⣬ѧǵİȫȷʵ֮أҪǳʲô⣬ǺöͥѧסУˡ
ֻСʦסУȽϷ㣬ķס¥Ϊ˹ѧҲԸѧУסǰµӰ̫ˡ
ÿȷѧǶƽ˯ķ绹ڻ¥
ȻѧڵİţķѧھѾʼ˸еա
д˵ķգСҲСķա
Դ˵֮ССÿҵϰ깦Σһ¾Ǵ򿪵ӻ׼ʱ׼տϲĽĿ
ڷܹڷܣһҲϣССѧϰ֮ûκεл
ɲ֪ô£һֱϲӵССĵͳҵҲûӡ
һ˸ˮֱӶװˮˮͰһͷϵ磬ܺܿտһͰˮȼտˮЧʸߡһͰˮҨһ룬ֱᵽȥܶҵˮϴ衣
û뵽ƽϴССŲ֪ڸ
ķҵվȦɽǡ
ССأķ߳ûƽʱǸ׼ʱڿӵĹɻʵ
һҲأˮտˣССզû
һﺰһССϴˡ
ССûлӦһӣܾﲻԾһȥҿ
һǰ棬һȥŵһʶζ
ССڴߣǸǮӷҳɢװ㻨ǮһëëһĶС
ССһǮһߵᣬﻹţǸģǸʦģǻ̵ġ
ʲôʲôһͷˮССļʮǮܸ
ķҲɻѣϽʣССɶأǮ
ССͷˣ֮£޵øˣأҶԲ㣬һûг㣬Ҫˡ
һϸϸСС˸飬û˿ڰʲôģ
ķĺã߹ȥССı㻹ôС˵ʲôģǲʲôˣѧУﻹթ㣬ŰѴǮзģ
ǣССҭһ£ҡͷ˵ҺòˣһֱѪҲʹҺҪˣֲǲβãҲˣɡ
ѪӻʹĲ
ķһһۣѲˣ
һͻȻսŵζʲôˣǾѪζ
Ȼһѭζҹȥź淢һӣССģ滹źɫա
ССѧǰһڿζͻȻرʹȥʺʺ˱ѪɫգͬʱСһһʹ
˵ˮСѧˣǲˮѧûаԽγ̡ȻΣʦͨܿһڲҪԵԽΡ
ʮһŮ¾Ҳһѹûǵһ㡣Լõԭ壬ÿҲ¾ֻԭûʹľ飬һÿЩ⣬ûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ķ磬żʹ֮¾ǰм䣬Ϊر仯Ӱ顣
ʹпŴأҲпǺ컷Ӱ죬ӪӹһЩʹ
ССʹȽأһ͵ÿǴȥҽԺˮûרŵĸƻҽȥ￴С
ĿǰҪǸССǼʮǮŲˡ
һʶʦ¾ֻ⣬˼ˡһΪССĸףһ¾⣬ССĿʼֻеŮ¾ſŮ˵֮µ
СС̧ͷһǾǸһÿ¶Ҫȥ𣿡
ǰԼǮŮÿµƷԭԼԼ㣬ѭʹãҲϸ
һԼΰ˻飬ԭ壬ŵһֶ
СС˵¥Ĺ￴ӵʱʲôֱڣˡ
Լ¾£ССǳ𾪣𾪵ͬʱܺ¡ǰֺҸ裬Ǹˣ˵Ļȴһķ綼ޱȾȡ
裬ǰ˵ֻвɾġ̥Ů˲Ż¾Ҳɾ𣿡ССǳܡ
ķ羪Ŵ죬˵ˣʲôʲôǲŶʲôɾɾǸ۵˭˵ֻңȥѵ
ķǰΣȫû뵽Լѧ˽¾Ȼ뷨
û뵽Ļܶ࣬Ϊ꼶ѧаʵֳ໰еֻܽԳһЩСѧѾʼϲǸǸڮ
ڳиԺСС˳У΢Щһ͵ø£ûгõСġŮпΪ巢زͻ಻Ҫ鷳ͬѧ۹⣬ֵĵ٩ﰵۡ
պΪǳ־زڴʱȴŮеȣ̲ס·ձ
һһϵʱ䣬ССŮܻᾭĸһжֲĵطһҪʱظôССȥҽԺ顣
סԼǲģҪͥѧУһѧȷʶ
ķãбҪһڿרŽ֪ʶ˵ԽλٰŮ⽲ЩСִֻұһЩ
һССȥϴ裬ԼȥССôá
ķ뵽޵ǣǵڶҵ¥Ľֵ칤ԱܲܰרŴɨޣÿҳǮС
˽ֵǺ£¥˼ҲһԸǮķ͸ֵˣһȥ߷¥ÿÿÿ˼һʮ飬¥һʮ˼ң¥ұ¥ÿ¥һ乫ޣܹ乫ޣÿ3000ǮרŵıఢɨޣÿͶ250鹤ʣڲˮ뵽ˡ
¥ܶ˶Ǯ࿩еǰס£ĺ޶ù
ķͽֵ칤ԱȰ˵£㣬ڴͬˡҪĻʮǮһ꣬ͶÿҲǮҲ̫
ķ֮֮飬ʵʵ˵ǮȲ󣬻ܸһЩҲĴṩҵλҪ˭ԸƼÿٿǮҲ
󹫲ɨôѬ죬ʱɨȥϴϲ˶ˡ
˺żӣڽʮ·ݵʱһˡ
ΪľǰӦæϾĹܡ
Ľĩŷ֮ǰǮ󲿷ֶķ渶ġ
Уỹڽ˵Ҫ๤˳Ůϼסһʱ䡣
˵Ҳ֣һ˼ôøճûõĺӸ汼ģ˵ܲǸŮߣں
GʡŮһͥһӲϲŽйҫ档ͷи磬ľӣ͵ȥĳٻġ
Դˣ˵¡ʲôżҳԶĶҪ˵Լ᳴Ҳ˵Ҫ˵
԰Ըϼ۵㣬ɵʵ£ҲԸڼﰤ߶
ССûþͻģ˵ССˣǻ˵ҪССȥ£ϵµ̫СˣһңƷҲһ㣬ûɶƷƣµ껹ᱻָָ㡣
һ֪֣ʵƷˡ


42 س
һҲһССһ
һ粻һ꣬ССǴӳڣûȥ
ӽʼˮ·޵øʵٲռһЩӣҲ˲Ǯò˵Ĵ·ҲΪˮ˸Ľͨ
һ磬һֻһȥĳںˣÿˡ
ȥгЩæ£ʵֻ߲ǡ
ص·;ҪСʱûиһÿ鲼ѺӹϣˣЯӤһæ̧ϳ
ССһϹһ˺òҵλ£Ϊʡռ䲻СãССվץΡ
ΪǽĹֶʮСͳԵζпҽԺΣмѼһ൱ŨϢ
ĩķ籾ԺúϢһ£ܺ¥ȥ˵ɺˡ
ǵ͵½أȻ˵ʵǺҲǹ⻬ˮֻŰ˸ӵЬ
ʱЬĸӸֳһЬӣźиԲ鵱ɲͺֻЬ̫һ
Ьʮ²ϴһΣһ͵ʮ飬ÿ²ֻа˰ٿǮķ˵ÿ١
ܺ˵ķȥ棬ķ絽ײŶʮͷǰǳӣ뵽뵽ԼഺﻹģֻܺһͲͨԼķ뻹Ǿܾˡ
ܾҲܼ򵥣ҲҪССȥѣŮӲܴ£ܺһеĲʸȥǣһССҲ졣
ССǳϵķܾܺæҵ̧ͷ˵Ǿǣʦ˵Ҫѡģ
ܺһεԭأЩվסˡСſھôվء˭ҺŮøɫڴװţ±˿ⶫССãô
ܺҴ뿪ķ˿ССһͰĩҵˣһ·ȥˮվһһϳ
Ϊÿ˽سǵĳÿһ˳ñȽһ˶ǽسǵģҲв˴Ӳˮϳ;һЩͻ³⹫Ҳ·ͣ£һЩ·˿ͣһ·ϻûʲôλ
ãһȵվѾССķռλáм·һЩűⵣϳûضСС뵽Լ̣ȻãҲ˴뱲ӣ
µĹһߵ·һЩѵɽ·öʻ˾סûλֻվŵ˸Ƕᡣ
һССϣñ˦ȥ
СС뵽ܺǸĻһȵӣʮֲ⣬ָǰκŵпƹ棬һ裬Ϊʲôô£ǲû취ˣ㿴⳵Ϻöǰ١пơ
ôҪƷͺֽһҪɹЩǰ١й򲻾ȵۣǸ¶ǣ
һޱ˵ΪĿǳ˫ꡣ
ڳһȻô˵Щľɵ
ķϽѵ˵˼Ҳðɡ
һŤͷ*𣿡
ķƿԣȻһ˵ֱףΪ˵˼һã⻵ҲȷʵǴʵ
ǰһţ÷ӤŤͷһ죺Сİ㻹˵˵ûڼ¾Ƕʱ䣬һȽڣͶǼҲ¨ͰʱûüҼǸ칫ڼƿڴ˵ҰʲôۻණӼˡôʺͰϣһûأˡ
¾ۻණʺ͸ɾɾӣͰ϶ýϼΣ첻ˢˢ˫ú֡
ǣͷ㿪ʼੲݵ²ۺͱԹһźĬССýζһָһҲԣķõɴۣû뵽⺷
·ˮԵһʩʱΪԺؽܵţҪľƾʱ˵Ҫʳ̾ͲӦ
ķɻΪɶ
ķǽģԽûʲô̵о
𿴻ʳУҸ˵Ҳ⼸껹УGʡǱ߰Դ˺ܶҩ߲ˣȻǸ͵󣬵ǵصصGʡˣǰʳıζעʳĵʺȻũѼɶģܻӭ㻯ʳYʡٻʳˣ
ǲʲôҿӰŰ˵ڹҷչ죬Եñˣ⻯ʴˣԵزãˮҲáҷòУΪ׬Ǯ㡣
ⷽ棬ǲģǶõʽ֧֧Ҳ磬ǰ˲ǮһĹͶ㡣˸ɹĻ࣬ʶҲ࣬ʮŴ򹤣ʲôײ㹤ɹҪǰܴ÷¡
⽨׽ʲôġǼǸ϶㷴ʹʲôϺʲôˣ˵աˣҲְ
һ뵽ԭˮ򸽽ļ乤ˮĵȷʵһ潨˸˿֧һǶߵ׷ʳʵģһǳҲڶߣԭǸᣬǣǸСԵְװǹİǡǣǾƾƫλãƾԭϺܶ࣬Ҫũˮ򸽽ֵ࣬صҲ࣬ũչԭȡԵأȽϱˡ
׷ʳ𣬺Ůǻ׷ʳΪȾ;Ӫ⵹ˡǳҲ첻ˣڿ쵹ǻǳƾչϲǳԭϸֱӹƾƾŮѧǻƾȻYʡӰҵ֮һ
ԭԭľƾȻӵġ
һ˼ˣؿڶԶϿɣţƾǸԶľ
һ㶣漴˸ۣⲻϻ
һ·泵ҡҡλεسǵĳվȽңǰֺ˷ӳûһקССҲɴѺӱķæӤ
缸ȥҵ֣˼ƷƵССѡҲװóףҲӴ˲Ʒƣ֪ЩƷƺãЩƷʵ
ССĶЩƷƣвģмҹڵĴƷƣںʮ·ĿǰЩƷƶͦġ
㲻СС£Ь¿ӣһĬһûпԱķεУܾúǷ˼ܶ࣬ССֲĺӣθ
ķ練Ȱһ䣬㲻ذ֣ѽû¶ұҼҰģСǳ̣㿴ЩƯ·ˡȸССţԺøҼҰҲ·
Լһ䶯˶С·ǲСԼһ·Ǿѡ˵ʲôÿÿȿվǵһҪǵġ
ѡѡ˼ڴ·쵽ˣӤСæųȥҸƫƧι̡
ҵǴʱĸӤҶûУſŵḺ̌־ǷƵƤ˺þãڸһҵսǣ΢ٵ㣬һæſڴţŰ̸ιˡ
ȥһĿ꣬ССֻڵ￴ʳը֣жţ巽
ԺôֵʳڴʱȴǳĴСԡ
ķǵֶֶŮԣÿĩҪż˴ȥһ١
ˮпѩƿװģûըҲûкǮһƿСС˵ɹˡ
ССȻе㻨ǮҲһżƿϣëǮһƿɫ㾫ζرصġױ̡˳ر𳤵ܣƿӺϿ͵źȡ
һȴźλ£ССķȥͣ˵˲;ֱӵţûòƷͺˣֻԼ˻λϡ
ʳ࣬Ǯɲͣ⼸Ӿõһٶࡣǰ·͵ǮֵԷˣһû͡
ССر𿶿ͳõֽ𣬸һ˵Ҫ̺СóԷ
һһֽҼʮǮûҪǮһٶǮһǳġ
ڶ¥ԷʱʱԱߵĿֺ¿ķȻӦþܺԼȥǼ
ǿഺǻγǵʱֵ֣ŮţпͳȺдء
ķǰѾһģǰ˸ĸʽͬѧѡ·˵£ķӦ˸ס
ССôû֪ЬɶŶ˵£Ҳˣڳ˶ȥ档
ǣһӣһȥ


43 
һҪȥСС˵λϲһվûɶӦô棬ɴźӣôô档
˷ܣССҲûǰԼĿͳ꣬ûԹָֺǱżȹˮϺúȶˡҲ֪ѵýسǳԶٺõģðζסˡ
ԹҲԱӾͼ˶θʹƳźɢߵ
ڿ͵ҵָһ¥Ϊĩҵҵ¥λöǿյģֻҵĵƣȻµĸһ¥˿ŵһƬյأ˸һ¥̶ЩСİԵģһʳ֣гС
ﲢȫССȽ٣ŮʱʱֵлͺñԺֻ˸ϲһ
ټṩĹͷĵƸЩԲģһ˸һڲŵʱ֡
ԵΧˣڴͳЬҪ֣ʽЬҲĸһĺЬһʽģӸһŵֻЬ
ʽĺЬˣʮǮһ磬ֻЬҪʮǮһ硣ʱʮ㵽㣬ļǮˣϾá
ԼЬǾͳһʮǮһ硣ͼʣżһµ˾ͻЬӻסģȤõԼ˫õЬȸɾֱˡ
һȻͼһֵģ˵ȤˣĽƣжǮ;ȥȤá
һ뻬ԼŮʹȥ档
´ӤӤһżһòֺļһһͷһСӤ
СӤ۾㣬Ŵ˸ĸÿλһ˫Բ۾ֱֱضһʱʱ֣ЦģѼӽС
һ⺢ӿЦʲô̵ȷʵ⡣
˻Ь㣬׼ԵҸо
ַˤ
ССһǰˤһק󵹣ˤ죬ֱ֣һغ̫ССֿ޲ģҲЦ
Ψһķ磬ˮӦһͿʼڵڳȥһǻģṩɲʱ֪һֻųȶΣһֻŲɲ
ķˮһʱˣһֱûǮð·ڴĻԼľ·ѧʱţп㣬֪ǲǳԿһʱ˲٣ţп㿴Щɡ
˵ߴ󲿷ŴӰ죬Ҳܺ컷Ӱ죬ķ縸ĸ㰫СԵҲãһ˽һߵߣŮߵˣϾYʡƽҲߡķߣYʡҲ㰫ϾͬŮȥͻ᲻һܺ˿ݸߣʵҲͱķ߲ͷ
һССˤӣǲԼ֡
ɵһĿڳӯڵķϣǵЦ񱻰ʱͣť
֪ҲǷ֮һе˺ͻܵ˲ͬ˵òи룬Ҫ˵㣬ǽڲͬ
ķɾڲͬǸգֺԸǰȣķ磬ֺ·У
ʶķˣ˵ᣬһȴãķ粢ᣬֻǰԼִ뷨;ģһָΪܵķʽչ֣ŲһһЩõĳƺ
ø潸**һΧŸĴʣһȻǲںˣ˵ԾûУ̸ˡԾ
һ֮⸱֮ҲǾٶʹ͵ġ
ķ类ĸĸúܺãһеĹִͼ񣬲űǿеᡣ
ˮˣôΥ游ĸźõֻزûâˣô᲻ͬȰ裬һ·ҲҪ߷´ԼĿģЭġϺˡô¶ҪΪ¥ţȰ˵ھһΪ
ʱһķǡװġķᲢУЩĸЩĸ᣿
һķĹ۵ģķ粻Ϊ֪ںҹﺦµҲҪϴķں˴ʱˮ飬Ǵʱķ糯ĵȰ˵һƤģ
һĺܺ棬ûɣԿķһȥˮߣ˵ĻСһੲݡ
һֻŲȰ˸ӣ߸ƵģɶģԵñ·ʱ˵
ķ翴ᣬʵ򲻴ĿĲݣһҲԭأ˵ʲô档ķͺΧȥͣ˵棬ϧˡ
һֱ㶼ˣԣȷе˵ˤˣ˱ϢһķһΪһݡ
ɶˣû£ڳ档˵ַţҲЪͣʱ̵ĽŻ᲻Ử档Ҫ˶͵Ȼ㣬ԽӲԽЭ
ˤƨʹȶҲΪ̫źʼ
ķ״һ£¸ССƵģ˻ˤңڰ֣ץˡ
ķЦ˵㣬Ȱһһأβ
һⰡϽһˣһ£ŮԼš
¹ϣһһ˵˾ѾʼЬˡ
˼ǲ棬Ҫ;˳ЬøˣǾ͵ʮǮʵĵģз϶ģһͲˣ˿ԴŵĹ沼
ȻйԱԱȥЩҽеСȥˣǮˣҲĲ˿ŵϰߣΪʡʮǮżشߴһֱӴ
ٶԥһ룬ͻᱻԱ֡
һΪ˲֣ϡͿؾͱ˵
ӣǲҲˡ
ķվһ߿֣Ц÷ǳģʹóһ
һĬĬԼЬӣֿٵػЬ
ԭ˵ĽװӣĻվȣ
һû뵽Լ˵ȫܣҲ߰˾ܵϵͳȻ岻һ꣬ΪԼѾȫӦˣЬһ̣֪ʲôС֫Ӳ̫족
ЬϺܳأֲִ⻬Ь󣬲֪ж໬
ڣһûһﻬȻҪһˤſ
ˣҲ귢İľˣŤӲ
һ㹻СȫˣܹܵסԼܲסˡ
иСԶ棬һΪԼˣеʱر죬쵽ɲͳһ߳
һѾˣæԱ߶㡣һ㣬͵ýһϤ淨վˡ
ķһ󣬾ԵúܿģһΧ԰Ƶػȥ¼һΪ˶վȣǷӦ죬ȥ
Ľһˤ˸ſ
˷ӦҲȽϿ죬ˤʱ֪ȥ壬ȥŵء
˱ӵˤ֮󣬽Żúܣû֧ź͹̶
ķ籾ǽ켸ΨһһˤģһżΪ˷һԼˤˣؼǣһҲû
ķεصͷְﲻæԼľ̬ʵڲһ˵ӡ
һķͷʱ촽лһǶȸԾ̽ëԼŵ

ķ͵̧ͷ΢ţŵؿһЦˣ
𣿡һֹסЦ·ղһĻķĻþ
ķ´½𾪹һ˵ľϲ˵ЩǣʵЦÿ
棬£ߺʲôЦˣզûˣҾһû͸Ҳ
һ˵
ķҲΪףղſ϶Ļþ
ڵϣҲżˣķҧЦĪջʲôöΪ֪ĸо
һסˣʮ·˵Ȳȣ˵Ҳһ¥⻬ػģӲֶƨɡ
˻վķǣһְߵȥķ绺ػţһֻҪվȾܰȫִﳡߡ
Լóܻˮķ
ķ绹ԼóĶúƽʱ޶·һһڳûãصһͷӵĿԼ˵Ľк
ס֣ס֣׼ˣ
ãһͷһڳɨһȦȻûССӰ
ķҲܿԣ˸˵ЬӣǷɿ컻Ьصһȥ


44 
һϵʱѾһȺΧǱߣԱҲѾϵ
ԭмСڴܣһС˺֣Ьȥ˼Դ
һüͷϽȥСѰСС
ССȻڴܵСõβҲɢˣЬúôŵģһ߽ȥѻССͷһкקСС
ССһˣίֺ£氤˴ίֵԼܲ£첻˵
ʲôһıĮÿ£Ҳһ
ССԴĸ󣬻ûĴҶС̫ؼҺ赣ģ趼û˵һػ
һѯʵССһ¾ӿ˳һһĵذϣųһɫĻ
Ҹ˴ûأССһ߿һ߳ҭ˵
һǿ˵Ϊʲôܣ
ѺƸķտһѱССӴССô׸̿û˵˭ӸҴ㣬ȥ̸
٣㻹ǼҿˣûС֣ҶӴñףһûҪҽҩ֣
ͻȻСļҳ֮һ˵Ļʱˡ
ҲǺ۸ģսȺۣܴܶû
ֱӶһѼҳͿʼ˴ǹս󲿷صҲ˵ԣYʡ˿ˣö˵ĴͨﶼҲӦ֡
ԱæܣѱҲˣ˫ҳԼҺӣզ£ôġ
еĺӱŭļҳһţ°ʲôѻҳ˵СС۸˵ģ˵СС˵ģԱ˼ɿİ汾Ϊѻ©ЩҲûԿڹǳ˼˵ѵĺӺΧ۵˺͵¼ҳ֪զ¡
ԭССһʼһڻҲʼˤ˼£ˣһҲòֺ
棬ͲĺӣΧһȡЦ
ҲССƫݣͷЩɿݣͦģס۾ԵЩ
Ӻ۸Ǹײ۸ỬɲӲײˣʹˡ
ССȥ˵Ǽ䣬֪ССĶܳģɴһ׽Ū
ҪǰССܾͳƿˣڵССֱȥ͸ɣ˭ץ˭֡
ǱץŵˣһڵϣȻ֪ô£ץ㣬˾ôˡ
򣬻к۸ˣССȥæ˵Ҳһ۸ˣССΪźǴġ⼸кŵǱССҪһ׳һ㣬˴򲻹ССһ
˵ЬˣҵͷѪˣǺСС޹أʼ۸ССΪ˰ΧССһŮ۸ڳĬбˣЬͰӲЬӣдͷĶͷѪˡ
ҳæڸͷѪĺӴ˿ڣֽס
ʵҲûѪӦƤˣҪ
ȻƤĲһССȻòҪ
һȺܵĺӣ˱ҵĺ˵ģûʲô£СӴ֣ûˣôһ֣϶ҳǲϰݵġһԱͷѪСҳҲˣԼҺûɶҲͦõġ
ԣͿ˵ͱҵҳҪôˡ
ɺЦǣҵȵһʼָССŪӵǸ۸ֲ˵ˡ
ȵһʮͷġװĵ˸Ů˲ֿʼ˵һЩ۶ӵĻ
װĵһŮ˵ӣ̴һӣǸһơ
θߴۿһװˣձ߲ߵYʡУĿ˵൱ߴһƴϣֱӸ˴ͷƫȥתͷʱüѪ˿ƺǴˡ
󲿷ΧȺڶһҳҲ̫ç˰ɣô˼ҺһƣļҳҪǸúƴ
˭ϣߴһھǣ˾£˭ܴܵܵģûûСҰӻؼҾΪ͵ܴܵܵǸ粻֪ŵܵ𣿡
̧ͷݺݵضˣ۸ңȴҪƾʲôŲҵܵܣ֣С֣
˻Ȼԭ˾Ȼֵܣʻͬĸֵܡѹʼղĸĸ֣ԭǰкҲǱͷк谡
˺ǳƵĺԼȫҳһСȫǾǶŭˡһСܶҪµò֪˵ʲôãǱ˾µкȴһȥ䣬ְһơ
ΧȺھþòɢȥȷССûһƤ˿ֿʼԹϿ֡
˶ڿ֣ԸһĿ⣬ȴڹ˾ϡ
С˵еˣһ֣֪߶ƫ
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ŮССӦĹ䣬Ҳǹ˾¡
ŮӦڸУ˾µĸ׺ʱమڹĸ΢˸ǴƷĶӣ˱ɢĸźûи߹˸Լһ˻صϼң͵͵¹˾£ûþȥˡ
˾һֱܾۣʼնڼ¡ȵ˾¸ʱϺССͬһУڸܵͥӰ죬Ĺ˾£ССֹۿ꣬Ȼ˰ӡ
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ֱѧСС˺ܺõĴѧ˴У˹˾¡ʱĹ˾£ѾǰǸ˶۸ˣǹϼŵļ̳ˡ
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ǣӦڸΪʲôССûϳУ˾ˣ
һĵ˾ҲӰССľ顣ʱĹ˾Ҳô类ҵǮ棬ֻǰôСС
һԺõġ񡱴ʱֳˣǽȲ䡣
һССƶһȣֹСС飬ССЩƶûܶԾж
ֱĹ˾³СС߿˫綾Ы۾Ȼһ˿ᡣ
ССڻҪ̧ͷϹ˾µߣһǰһվס˹˾µĿ⣬ССֻܿһ裬֪ˣҲôܣǸӦ۸ˣ·ƽε
һޱ飬ߴˣϽССؼң˼ֵܴܻûʲôһҪǮͲˡ
һҲǣȻǼռ˶ģԼСũ峤ûԵ˼ˡ
ǣ˸ϽЬȥҴ뿪
뿪ǰССһǸ۸˵ֵܣ᲻ᱻְִøݡΪССӡܵܣҴܵܣﳤҪҵġ
һͷССͷ֪ܱ˻Ⱥú¶Բԡ
ССίصͷԲ裬Ҳú˴ܣ̫³çˡ
㻤ССһִôˣ*ССúܶ԰·ƽҪεСӴˣЩ˻㶯֡Сδ֣꣬ҪӮ˾ҽҩѣúίˣССǰ˱۸ˣŶ֣ʲôԣ
һ˵ĿǰȷʵûʲôԡССУǺ¡˲ϣǾʹ²ˡ
ߵ㣬ȫ벻ԺĹ˾»ССʲô¡
˾ڴѧСС̾ϳССͲǵܵ۸Ĺ˾¡ʱССߣһѧ˾Ϊ˽ӽССǺѧѧĹĪͣˣǼ˳⣬òѧؼҡ
ѧ˾¾ͿʼӽССǹ˾Ѫʻ㣬ϲһ˶Լ¶ڲͬƫԹ˾±һ˶ܻΨССˡ
˰**˾һռССһֲ¼ССӴܶһ̰ǮƣԶССȣССͬʱҲͼŵĸҴСһЩҪϡ
ССһϵпƹѪʵ򱯲ҵ¼󣬰νİ¹Űģʵ¹ԼСС֮£͹˾һҹ黳ϵĺûסĻԶ磬ȴڶعֱ˾ϣν׷޻᳡Ҳõ¼ңԻͷݡ
ŮһʼжôһԸȵظжȻý֡
һмССһŮһ̬¡ӰĽΪŮˣȻʡԵмŰŰĵڣɴ֪ܲ鵫ĪǺܶ񶾵Ů䣬ֱӴý֡
ûгһ⣬1911űȥŮˮ֮󣬾ͶŮɵڶֽ֡
ǵһֽ֣ǵڶֽ֣޸ֺ⿴ġһĳֶֽ֣ɱ
һĳֻĸı䣬޸ҲˡԣŮǰ²ɺϡ


45 
Դ˾ºһͱЩء
ǰǳΪһΪ˺ܴƫΪԭͥȱŮССø飬˶һã䱦һΪİпܲٳɳΪһȱˡ
һֻε֣ҪŮǰ
һֻ֪˭ںҹ˯ŵʱܸоʲôɨ
޸֣޸ȼǷȻּ޺ϵͳźš
˵ǣ޸ôҲû뵽һϵͳˣܼ⵽ߵ꣬Ϊһûꡣͬʱ޸ҲⲻһϵͳźţΪԼϵͳûа󶨱ϵͳ
Ҳ˵޸ȫ˷Լⲻһ쳣
ӹһ٣һҲҷɾ衣ԼߣҲ˽һЩ޸ֵֶΣһμûд⣬ô޸ִʲµ£ܻΪ⣬ӶȡΪίֶо޸
޸ֲҴ޸飬ΪÿСԼڵʶ޸һһ㲻ˡҪ֪һߣҪǷԭı׼ΪľǱԾ̫ƻ
˵һĸԺԭܶ࣬СʱӦþͻᱻ޸ֶϣΪһ˽ԭռ˯⣬ûʹùκεߣûпָҲûеȡСؼϢСҲ޸һûм⵽ӵźţԲûзһĲԾ
ǣһһŮȻĸס
һûпӣҲֳҪӸȨ̬СΪǰӵġŮİҲΪŮͻȻŷ
޸ּһһڵڶͻȻѪԼҿϾٹ죬ԼҫˣΪҫ裬һȥһº̫
ҫҲڲˮСѧ飬һɴһĿʱ䣬˸һҫѧȥѧУ
ˮĺͿʼʩӦԤ޽Уᣬǰˮûѧᣬֻʦסڰ칫ԱߵһΪСѧѧʦ٣һСסȫУеļʦ
һǸѧǰѧУǰһ㣬ҫѾ¿εѧˡ
ͷ˷Ӳ٣ºûôӺӷѧļҳ࣬סĺӼòԶԼ߻ȥĺӼ̫ԶĸӲʵ
һ߽յѧУٳСѧĽѧ¥ǳвĽѧ¥һߵһ꼶һİϣӺ￴ںŵҫѾסˡ
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ҫ黹£СС¶ˣ֪Ϊѧڶ꼶黹Ϊûô
ȻûôҫƤȴѾǧٿףǦҲι״ǦʺĽʺУӿݡҫŤ·ҲšͣӶûӸһӶѿȸסˣƨɵһڵ棬¶һӣƤƫƣСָմŲ֪ͻ̿ա
֮һ濴ŵһСζ
һ壬ҫһ¾ͳ嵽˺ţͿ衣
ҫڵЩ֪롣
һӻ֣ҫ
ҫ̺˵ҰˣҪˣҲҪְֺүүˣǻˡǴֶܺãʲôҪĶǼҺʲô
ְֺ˵費ãֺ衣ԽСĺԽ裬֪ǳڱܻΪչ˺Ӹ衣
ҫԥ뷴̲ڣ˵仰Ҳûɶ
裡ǣҫ˦ĵسһܹȥ
һ֮ǰȰסҫļ
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ҫʧʧҪޣΪʲôѽҺ㣬ΪʲôҪˣ
һƴ뼷ᣬźʧˣֻܳü˵費Ҫ㣬ǰְֲȥ㡣ԴͰְͲȥ㡣
ҫĨһ᣺˵ˣҪˡ
һҡͷˣм𣿡
ҫҡͷִȥһûʲôߵýˣǿְȥˣһŵڵ˺öѪ
һѶʮǮҫ˵ľͽ㣬ô᲻ҪǣǰְֺҲܰ㣬ǲϲңǣҲǣֻ͵͵㡣ûгûкȣںò˹ǮŸ㣬ˣҲ֪㣬϶ᱻְֿǮ㣬Լʲôʲôòã
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һҫȥСѧһ̿СһһƿëǮϣٶ˵һ˲⺢תӪͻȻðְֺ˵ĻҲȫԡ費ô궼Ǽٵ費ǰ͵͵
һҲûеҫؼңҪǲؼңָϲϻشֳˡ
ҫǮԼ̻·ٶΪȷʵ˼ҵ飬ûɶġ̲ʶ֣鱾¸Ūˡ
ҫ죬ԼΰǰһԴҪҪһлӹûŶӣһѵ
Դƿڴ˵ʲôһԼΰȥССССҲǸûĵİǣƽҲ֪شæɻǰӼũæʱԴҫѧУҵССɻССһԣԼܵܶˡ
ССһĸŮǣǻܣ
˵ˣһǸǺ۸ϴδǼҶôǮԼΰҪִȥһ뷽跨Ǯأ
ԼΰһҲǣʵǸѲ£ûŶԷһëǶ٣ź滹һ߰ٿ飬һǧôȥˣǼұϴ»ǮҲûˡ
ʵϣûȥһǧǮԼΰҲǮõҲ˵ϴ·ʡǮ˵ϴ»ÿµˮѶҪ಻٣ȻǼѹҲûˮܣõĶǾˮҪǣϴ»ɵǸȫҼԴֲԼΰԼȻỨһǧˡ


46 
֪һ޵ġĸ޸ֺʶ˫Ļɻôţû֡ȻǰֽӻȥǲܳڲˮƫԶСġ
ССҲö˴ʱձҵûȫӻǸԣļңĿǰס
ȻǮˣӻع˼Ҳ¡
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ԣڴѧǰССӦöˡ
Ͼ˾ԭʱ˼һأͱתѧȥ˸õĸС˼ҲYʡˣYʡȫҲ㾭÷ʡݣԴ˵ҲĳЩʡá
㣬ʱССѾƾĳɼõʡصССС˵ܺõصһѧֻ˾ʱŻͶѧУ
Ȼ˾ǰع˼ˣӦòһкССһʱģרע׬Ǯ
пɲھһȻǹУѧ˽ѧУ˺ܶ࣬һѧҲҪǧ࣬һҪǲܵǮʱССǶС
СС꼶ѧһһ궬쵽ѧĩСС˰༶һʵҲ꼶һ˵ڲˮֻмʮѧһ꼶СѧøһʲôһǾССѧϰѧϰϰ߷ǳãֵüνڼ˺óԵģף
Էʱһµ꣬Уᵹܸڹ꿪ѧǰ깤꿪ѧѧǾסУˣʦҲһУװȾɵǼãʦҲùȥϴӡ
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֮⣬ˮǳҵҲˮѧУ˵㶫ϵǣҵҾĶľߣ
ˮСѧŮռȲ֮һбͣСѧŮϵĲ࣬Ůõϡֻǣ˾Ů٣¾õϵľ͸٣òžĶʵڡǣǳϰ彻ӵʦôһ죬ڽʦ칫ҵķˣʱͲˣɨ۹¿һʦòŵȻûҪ󰡣һЩѧѧѡѶҾúбҪúϰ˵˵
ʦɻ󲻽⣺ƽʱҲûСᰡû˵ɶܹĶȥ˵ˣһﲻˣﵽȥʦΣܱסʲôܱġ
ķͨ죬СʦæȰܣԽȰԽ죬ֻ⣬ĺ˼ʦ
ķҲڣһ뵽˼ұɱģŭû߳ܣҲͶԷܣһһ¾ʲôΪʲôܱΪʲôʦѧҪȵⶼ˵
ʦ꣬죬ֹһ䣺У㰮զզأ˵㣬˰ɡҶ˵˲ҪѶҪԼȥ
˼ҺĶ͵ѧУˣ˵Ҫ˼ߣ˵Ҫˣÿ
¶Щ鷳ˡ칫ҲСʦԸķȥϰˡ
ҪǣǾҲ˾ʦõģСʦҲߣÿ֧ҲһʲСķá
ڣλϰæúܣûռƽЩԼķ˽ӣְһѧУˡ
ûϰ֮ǰķСΪǸϰ壬û뵽ǳϰ徹ȻǵغټŮϰ壬ֲ뵽ѧУŮŮʦ
ѧУĩССֵˣֻҪ¾ŮֵܷҲŮʦķССڴûһķݶ˭ȲʦҲѧء
㱧źӺһ飬˵һѣһһ֡
ķ˵ʲôأŲ֪ԭľƾҪˣԤ깤Ŀǰ˼⣬ҪļԱԱ˹Ĺ⣬мԱ͹㣬һʵ밲ȥ㡣
һһûйľ飬ûƾѧ˵ô飬밲Լѽ׬Ǯˡ
һܾˣĳС㣬׬Ǯ϶Լ˵ɣؼǣôһͺһҰˡ˵ףľƾ㶼ֻǰ﹤ģҪȥƾϰˣǾ͵ñšϵأҪǲأ
֮һ϶ûϵڱ£еñʧȥ˴򹤣簲ľӪԼС̣׬Ҳˡ
Դĸ󣬲ֻǲˮΧ˶ⷿҹһЩҲˮˡȻ˴󲿷ֻļ乤ԼеԱǰϵԱᡣ
ˮиҵⶼˣһ˵ҲΪζãСһЩʻ㲻Ĺ˵Աʳãֻ±¾ƣͻһչ⡣οһҲÿޱҲ˾Ŀ⵹һһá
ԼӪ˵׬ԺסǮǮһûʲôġ̰ϾˣǮûôִǮǮ٣ֻҪþС
㱾˵һƾæҲҸҲһһھƾͲGʡżˡ
һûҪƾϰ˼Ҳֻ̾ǰȥ
Ѿҹһ꣬żҴ绰˵βܴŮꡣ
׵ƫĺͱ壬˵ףGʡǱ߲ļң꣬εûȥ
ûӣһ˼֡ڣˣѧʦżˣ춼ѧУһ춼ڼԵüһ㶼塣
ֹǲ壬ССĩúãһ㶼ףһ١㽱ССٿǮӲССĿ㶵˵ڣû˸СС͵ǰġ
ССһû˵ʲôͿĵˣǰССд˷ţ˫潺ճõŷ⣬Gʡٴ򿪡
㶼˺ӺһȻҲܱԼ磬ССһԸ
ССҲȱ㻨ǮǮʡԺһȱģż㻹ϲóԵĺģ㻨ǮԼˡ
Ҫ˵ԸССʵһǶҪΪ֪Ǯ׬ģԼѾй㻨ǮˡССûԸһҪؼҹ꣬뿴̺͵ܵܡ
ʧİְֺүүȻƫģҲչССܵȻ˸ĸү̵ĹذСССͺ͵ܵһ𳤴˵ûһ˿飬Ҳܡ
ķСС˵ԸܾȣܸжСС⺢̫̫ˡ
һޱ飬һԲ
СС۲һı飬Ȼһ֪꣬ĺܰԼҲʹǰһˣᶯʹǺҲ֪Լʲô
ƿصģһģ⣬ԼЩôССˣССȻؼҿ
һˣκûп³ССȱҲ˼ԭͥôãҲû취ϾϵΪϣӵĺ뻵֯ţʹҲС
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һã²裬ССˣʹȥССػǸơѹȵͯꡣ
ķ磬һŤͷʣһˣ
һˣķ绹ǲֵÿ佱ǣѾѧ׷ˣʱһ·ҲܳԺܾá
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ķ籾һССҪһΪɾܾȻһĸŮҪԼңɾòˣ¥¥µģе㶯˭֪ء
벻õɾܾķֻܻشһҿܸ¥һҹɡ
˵⻰ʱķıһ˿įЦɹţ۵ײŵʧ䣬һûд
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ССһķҪؼҹ꣬ʱҲĵñҮʦҵʦѽ˵һΪʦΪһΪʦΪĸ˵һĴڣ
ķЦúΣ裬˭
ķָָһһޱؿЦ衣


47 ̽
ȻӦССԼҿ̺͵ܵܣһûҪԼҹϦĴ㣬ϦǴʮϣõʱ̣ӦҪһ˹
˵ˣԼǼ䷿סˣķȥٷ˵סķ˭˯һ˻ŮˣѲɻǰ˯һ
һСС˵õģֻȥԶ緹ֳϡ
СС£ҲֻǺþûˣһԶٷͼˡסСС뵽ǰǸ谵ӵķ䣬ľͷĸζͱӵùζҲסԼҡ
ȥ꿪ʼˮ򸽽·Ҫ޹˳ҲһСض·ͨĳЩӣɽ壬Ͷһˮ·Ȼˮ·СᳵʱһԱϿܹȥ֮ǰ·һͿӿݣڵˮ·˲֪١
Ǽֳÿ׬ôЩǮҲ˵ǹϷֵ㣬ǴӲˮ򵽴ɽ壬ҲһȺڲˮڽӿ͵Ħгʦ
֮ڽɽĽͨʽҲ࣬ǿߣҲϸСʱͳˣԼҹҹûҪ
ʱҼһ򹤵ĶˣǮ״һ깤ǮǮϼҸǷӣͷڳ򷿣лؼҰϷӷޡ
γǵķҲû޹ҪǮγ׷ʮʮ֪ٱһ֮ǰҲѹ㣬Ǯʱð켸׷ԺֵҲ֪ȥûУһ˵֪ˡ
شɽ·˻ͦ࣬һ˳緹ϻشĦг
ĦгʱǼۣƽɽҲǮһˣҪ顣һҪݳһѣǽֳʵ̫ˣԭ༷˾ŸˣЩ˴ϸϼЩļѼҲϣζˬˡ
һССĹ£ɲմ˼ë˽ĦгһССһķԼһ
ôҲû⣬ȻҲܼǮûҪΪʡˣϾССķֻһԸﳵʦô
ֻǣķƳԼյĺȻеһ˿ʧ䡣
ˮ·Ľ·˺ܶ࣬ϳʮһǰ͵Լſڡ
Լأ̶ֳȳһ
ԼſİݣһûˣԭļҲû⼸ˡ
ԴæŰӷ˵ÿԺվŵһĸŮһ¡
ԼΰںһƯŮ죬һŤͷҲÿһȻҲһ㶡
ССʱشΣغְ֣̣һˣ
Լΰڳϣһվ¿ȣЩæңǸɶϱһզػˣ
һԼΰΪİ㣬ûио˵ССˣҴ
еĴеޱԴһ࣬һӾ;ùˡޱԴԴүĵԽԽԽԽԼΰùÿɶˣ겻֪զǼҹꡣ
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ŮһԼҹ꣬ΪĴٽ˵ĸ顣˭룬һȻŮˡ
ܱô룬Լΰ뵽һǲģֻϰһôЩǮҪæǮȻ꣬Ҳûʱɧһ°أµŮˣһʱһ
ǰ޺ŮѼ棬Լΰɲû
˭ϣһѹûǰ޵ԾֻССҵԸԶٷġٷҲ׳ԣһţ̣ųԷĻ
Ȼţķģķ粻˵һѹ᲻øԼ
ԴǺɨѾͰһɨسŵģ˵ʵôûŮҲġȻƫģʱ춹ģôԼһִĺӣСǿĵġ
ССڳô˵ķϣԴûиһߣŲ˵˵ͻɣţ̣⣬ţ̰ɣ֡
*һţ̷ŽԼݣԴΪģԼϱÿ˸ɻĵ
Ǳ̨ǣѲԼϱ͸ۻˣ
ԶܵŮ󣬱Щ΢
ԶܵŮź죬ԼΰСһ꣬Ҳĳ̶ȣ¹ɣҲ£ϲԼΰֳˡ
˽Ӵ£Ա˴˶⣬ԲڹʱŮһԷ
ԴʹһźǶţںӵֻɨСС˵СС̶һ¡
ССþûˣ׻Т˳ӣæǰæ
һԷæҲţķȥš
ԼҹҺ񣬻ϰڸһһͨ룬ֲð洵磬Ⱥء
һķֱ棬һ˻ƣˡ
ź쿴ˣɵüë
ԼΰϽͣѽǰޣ˵İɣǸǰ޺ûйأ񾭵úܣҲŸĻ顣
һ飬ԼΰһȥҪһˡ
ǸŮ˭ź컹û˵ܵС꣬չüʡ
ԼΰҲˣһûйˣǸȥſڵˣʵǳķȥġ
ŶǸŮʦһӵģǹ겻ؼң͸ˡ
źܵܽǿû飬ķƯ̲סˡ
ǿ˵۾⣺ʦðԺ̡
Լΰ˵ķϻи˶أǿôҵġ
źһܵܣҪĳɼˣϽѹã׬ǮȻĸŮԸ㡣
ǿŶȣƤЬѽΣɶ곧￪ֲ˵ȥѧ㼼нҲһ𣬵ʱֵһ顣
Զܵźİ깤׷ʳһС쵼ݣϵһһͨܽȥģеĲһ롣
Լΰæֺ׷źҲԭģһźļҾôסϵģڳйϵܽȥϰ࣬ҲǮһ棬ԼΰҲȷʵȱŮˣˡ
ǿûûȥķڨ
ķһ˺ƣҲɨ˭ӣǲʶˣҲЦӭ
ǿķ绹ЦʱΪԼҲ˼ķ˵òҲΪǶԷϲı֣
һһԿǿ֣ȻǿѾж֪ķЦ𽥽ӲԽԽġ
ҺãźǱ߿ȥˣǿߡǿһߣķʱͳһ
һķʣ㲻ϲԲ
ķһ㶣ðɣ˸еòҪеġ
زʶԺҲûнӴĻᣬںĿòʲô
ܺķ粻˼˵ػܾһ⣬ϾܺһҶȷʵܺãķ˼ӣܶʱܣ⻹˵ǿǽһμİˣҲбҪ
ķźҡͷһ۲ͬⷽûͨ
һԷ̸Ҳ˵ˡ
ٷˣˣķԸ̰̾ɡ
ڣûþͿˣԼҵĲϼҼһԵģ˱ȥ̣ǲżǰӡ
һǵϣԴܲ⣬£һССԱԴҪԼΰסˣ˵ȥˡ
ҪĻǽ˶࣬ԴƢÿһ£Ȼδϱô졣
ǣһϣҪԼΰһź죬ˡ
ҫܾûˣ裬ϴ㻨Ǯûþˡ㻨ǮҫȥҰְҪһ٣Աȣ־á˭˭͸á
ϧһķ磬ұССҫֻܰ
Դû£ԼӶǽģҲ࣬ɴͶ룬еվųԡ
ߵԴϽӰԵȫ˵ǰ
ҲֹԼ˺ԼݣżأżϴЦԴүؿһԴﶼûӦ
ҫɺ˵ҲҪҲҪ
ԴϽ壺úúãǳóԡ
ҫʳҪߣҪ㻨ǮҪ·Ьӡ
ԼӲ̫ùΪԼΰȥûǮڼҴ˴꣬ûСǰҫżǶָ㵽ǮȻ࣬ëһëģУʳС
ںˣûʳģһγʳǮ
·ҲûУȥľ·ԼȻҫĳԴССھ͵ľ·ҫҲܸûв·
ɽأСС޷ɫģЬӸɫģֿɰͷҲɾûĸоԵúˣ⣬ԵһۡټŴһĻһٻ㣬ССΪŮøˮ飬Ƶġ
һˣķòټһɾˮСС˱һſڣžͺԼ˲һġ
СӺܶණҫֲɵӣϴ·ɾֿɰºӡ
ܣҲҪ·ǽ㴩ķɫ·ɲʲôϲɫֻҪµĺõģҪ
ǣֻʳԲ飬˲ΪƽļʣҫץСС䣺Ҫ㻻ҲҪְ֣Ҫ裡


48 
Сһû꣬ҫּûֱ軵С
ϻô˿ţԴϽ壬岻ãΪô˵ҫˣ͵塣
ҫһɫƽһ߼зĲˣһ߻ССķ磺԰ǿʲôأ
ʲôȻǿеСˡ
ܶ˻С̶ִΪӵļҳǰôޣֳֶˡ
һã¶ˣҲ³֣ȫԱҫ̶ĿƽسԷ
ںܶֻҪһޣǱضȥ壬˿ԴҲ岻ãԼΰʵڿȥˣȥһץסҫֱۣ
Լΰ֪һľǶӣǰڼʱ΢һ¶ӣһ͵۵ȰϢŭȻѺӱߡ
ǣԼΰڱҫ޵ͷ־öͬʱҲһһۣҫץֱ̰һˤ
ͨڼεĸףڷʱü˺¡㱻ˤĲССССҲְֵΪһʶ㣬һ
һ¿ӣסŮƽ˵岻סӣҲڴӳɣ
Լΰ˵ƳһۣҽѵҶӣʲô£
һ˵ˣͷСС԰ɣֻܹӣܴŮ
ССȻ£ڵ費ͬǰˣҲα۸ԣССְܿ׶ߣСؼ˿⡣
Ҫķһʶڲ֪γʲôͺñȥѼ棬ѵĸĸͻȻˣɳϴҳ
ãķƺѾϰ߸һദʱĸεĳæڿ˺һܵʱһˡһѧҵѧʦһʱԹӻֺõġ
ķѾ𽥴һѧһǰδеƽǾ̩ɽǰΣԷ
Լΰû˹ܣԴܣһ˿ˣһ飬ҲӲô޶ۡ
ǣԼΰֱӰҫൽȥţԴ룬۵ظȥ
ޱƵĿûãԴֳЩӰԵĻȳɶĽݣ𽥱ɳҭԷòС
ԼĶӿ費ְ֣ڼô˵˲ˣοԼΰŮһһأ֪˼һô
ôһ룬Լΰ;һԼңΪġһӿǰùССôҫֲֹ
ʲô̽װһǻҫİɣҫŮıԼΰĶӺá
ʵҲȷʵԼΰ룬֪źô룬źİе㲻Լΰġý˵ԼΰٶͿϸɣǸŬܶСӣ⣬ǺźԼΰǲŵ֪ġµǶӣźЩˣԺŮԼΰ˸ӣҲֲԼΰѾиˡ
ǰ޻Ů˵һССûʲôֵ£ǰ޵ŮֹƯܶ£̸֣ɻ˰ְֵĶӣӼûʲôҲûõʲôõչˣȻܿ
ҪԺź޵ԼңһһҪļУôţֱʡġ
źĸĸŮԺҪԼΰˣ֮ĴѲѡźҲֻǱĸһ㿼ǣ˻ǰ޻Ϊİ㣿ѲǺˣԼΰ飿
ܴǵ뷨ิӣСӵ뷨ɵĺãĻ
극ԴְССȥһϴ룬һûССԴ﷢⺢ӱȥ곤ࡣദˣСС̫ı仯ûԴﵹǿССı仯ˡ
ӣССһӺùһǰ㡣ȻԴ￴СС·ɶӣǺ£·ܴЬӣ˻ʱ·ЬҲܸɾû·ģҲûζĻĦгûֳ˴򼷡
˵һˣӦ٣ôǮҪǻϸöãôͻССˡ
ϴʱԴ￴ССߵԴһʱ䣬ﳤñǰϸ۶ˡһӣÿ޶ƵģȻӵø衣
һǴ緹ˣԴĵߣ˵ʲôˣôߡ
һ͸ʲôôͻȻˣССͦһһûоܾ
ССϴܳȥˣþûҶСܳҶСˡ
ԴסССѵܴܵһ𡣡
ССһҫѾ˵һ´˳ϻۺͱճҺ۾Ź⣺ȥ棡
СС죬Ťͷ˵ϰɡ
ССҫƨ棬Ҳ治ʹ졣ʱܵþϲŸ棬ܺøģССʵϲܵܣС˵ЩҲܵĵܵҲкӵܣƨ治ĺģ̻ҪСС
ССϴ˶ʮǮ㻨ǮǾ޶㻨ǮˣǴҶСһ𻨣ȥСʳɶġҫһҪҪǣ໴ޡ
ССûһǰƵı£Ǵ˻ָָ㣬վڳƸߵѣССֻܻǮҫҪʳߡ
ǰССϰˣڵҶСһ˸һġŮҪԴͿһָܵܣüëñëë滹š͡
ҶСССˣȰ˵ˣҲڼҴһ磬ϲͻ
ѽôһΣɣȻȥһޣ˹ô죿
ҶСô˵ǰССôģֻҪܵһޣ㡣ʵҶСԼҲֻ࣬Ͱְֶ򹤣żѵܴܵȥ٣ֵɣ̶ҲԴССãӿȥС
ССһҲǣ㻨Ǯʳӣ춼ôܵҲͽһ£ȥܳԺóԵġ
ӣСС۵ػһǮҫ˺üǡ
ҫۼúܣССǮСǮһССƵСǮõƤǮһǺÿȻŵĲǴĳƱҲһģҫ۾ת
˵ˣȫҵĶԺģҪ޳ȥģְֵĶԺģֻһĶҲģĶ϶Ҳġ
СеСе㲻
СС̻ƤҶСȥҴＸСһ棬ƤʱûעԼĿ㶵վ׮ȸҶСƤʱһֻĵס㶵¶ǮһǣȻôǮˡ
浽棬ССûҫͬеСæ棬Ҳûע⿴ֻΪƤССҲǣⶼЩӣҫǣû˼ˡ
ƤڴҲˣСС˵ԼûˮȥȵСһƿϣڿССںô󷽰ô㻨ǮãϿ϶úܿġ
ССһҪǮȴǮˡ
ҶСɫԣɻզˣ
ССɫף˵Сϰ壬Դ˵ǻؼҽǮ˾ͺõС£СС˵ٵǮȴûǮˣͷһ
СϰǸӣǮҲֻСӰţûͷˡ״ҲֻǴ˴ߣˣ˻ɣǴҪǮȥ
ϰ嵹ɶСӶѡͬ𾪵ĿССϣĵĴһɫ̧ͷԼĻǡ
ҶС״æͳԼһǮ˸ˣЦ˵ССǮҶղŵƤǮˡ
ʵǮҶСҵݸģʱȥҪ裬ܸ˼Һӻ񡣺ܶҳԷСȻִԼǶ˵ţջغ
ôѡ϶󣬶һЩǾˮëһƿȵúܿġ
ҶСССļ򣺡û͵ġȥ棬㲻ҲҳԺóԵǻƯıӺͷиѩ򣬿ɺÿˣڻżء
ССۿˣҵǮˣţһȥҪǮҿ϶㡣
ûû£ҶС֣Ժ϶ȱǮξġ
ССɻΪɶȱǮвƱ
ҶССС˵Ҹ˵ǰЩڸˣǸˡҰ˵ܼˣҼҾǮˣҼǮҲǮ𣿡
ҶСȻССʱͬͬѧͱССһꡣɾһ꣬ҶСҲʮ갡
СС£ʲôˣ˵Ů˵յ㲻Ǽ˰ң¾ʱҲû˵Ǹˣֻ˵ʼˡ
СС˺ǮĹϵֱʣΪɶ˾ǮˣǮ𣿡
ҶСһ㶣Ҳ֪˶ô˵˵ҼˣӾͺùˣղ˵޹ʱҰָǧء
ǲŵ𣿼Ӻùָ޹ȥļңڵļңʮ갡ôܼأСС˲󣬵ΪĶǣ˵ɼûȷʵӺʹܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
Ҳ֪ҶСҡͷ̫鷳⣬ȥ˼ˣѽ˵˵ȼټɣ϶Ǯġ㲻ܼˣһȥ򹤡ҿ϶Ǯʱڶأ
ҶСЦССȴеЦ
е˲֪ԼʲôҲͦССȴ޷ҶСģҶСеѹҶСԼȴȻ
ʲô֪ˣʲô֪ˣܴﵽ˵Ŀ֣мˣʹࡣ


49 
ϣССҲû˼ˣǮװ˶ʮǮõ˼ǮҲʮ飬ʮ˰̲ˣҪӲ׬õã˷ѣҪǶǴ˷ˡ
ԣССȥĵطһ飬·һһҡ
С鲻ССڸСС˵Ǯˣɻҡͷ˵û˵Ƕæ棬ûע⵽Ҫܵҫûһ棬˵أ
ССɫףĵܵܣһ̸ִɻʱҪչ˵ܵܣܵʲôУúܡ
ʱҫҲûôܾССһȥ棬СС´ܵܳȥҪԾܾҫǺһ໴̺ע⣬ٵһң˵СС
СС˵ûƣ˾ͻ˵ܻܵôС𣿿϶ӲŻѡ
̫ûؼңѧУҲûô˵Ϻ͵ܵ˵ССܵǸʲôĻɫܵܿɲʲôƲ硣Ϊʲôһ·ϵ˵ǮҲ᲻ᣬǮˣǱˡ
ȻҲпǲСĵ·ϣ˼ߣҫֻǸպòڶѡ
ô˵ҲǮССֻܻȥһĹʧ
ǺӣǰĸµӡԼǹʧҲڷ˴Ҫ򣬾ͺñϴˤ룬СС˵ǾǴͷ
ҶСҲССȥ϶ҪԼˣһڳ£˼ֵ̫סҶСʱ򷸴ˣҲϣССڣûôء
Сһģ߻Լҡ
ԼĲʱŲ棬ڸɾЩ˴á
ݳ֣һྐྵӰһ߰Ĳ˿ʼϡ
ССû裬ֻʦͼ졣
ʦأССȥķ硣
ķָָߵķݣ˵˵ء
ߵķǰССһ˯ĵطԼΰƽ򹤣ССĸŮ˯ССĸŮȥˣֻԼΰһ˯
Ҳ˵ܳǹϵģԼҵķŶû߻ģһƾƿ
ССҪŽȥ洫̵˵
ҫ裬꿪꣬ҪССҫȥסһ꣬Ҳ˰ɡֵôѿʵڲӦãǺӵ裬в迴ӵ˵ҫһúܣ˯˻ڿź裬̵Ķûô롣
Ůһ⣬Ӹǡ㿴ҫû㣬ԳԲã˯˯ãѧϰɼҲ½ǲǸǸʦסһССҫʦæһҫѧϰ¡
Դ˵һѣӣߵΰ˵ǲǣҲССˣССؼסһ꣬ҫȥסһ꣬һһһһ꣬ⲻ
һɻؿԼĸӣǵƤôģһӲƾʲôãһǵģ
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ûʱССԲůǲʲôԵúôúã۲ĶȲ·ϰԼӴ
Ѫܷ룬Ǻ޲ýù衣
ССΪԼ̺ͰְֻǰģˣҲŴǡҸԼûһϵҼȲԣҲûκѪԵϵҫĸȨѾˣǵΣռһˡ
ССǻάĿδ󣬾װģ˵ԺϢˣܷǡ
һ˵꣬ҲԴԼΰô룬תſڡ
һͿſվСС
ҪǱ˿Ƶöȥһٰοһֻһ£û뵽ղ˵Ļ͵ˣСС߹ʱֻǵ˵߰ɡ
ССǣһ䣬ҧ´ĬĬͷʲôҲû˵͸ˡ
Դĸӿſڿ޵ССһ£־ûʲôǰǲҲ˵ЩõĻ⺢Ӳȥġ
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սŵҫָֻ꼦һһµֻʲôϾĸӹϵҪϾҪ裡ڷﰲοʱ򣬾˵˿԰ѽл껻ȥϹӣҪϾĸӹϵ
ҫۡһ޳߿޻ãҲҪְ֣Ҫ裡裡Ҫ裡
һûķ磬ǳԲȥˣؼң·
ߵʱССҭţķһϽĺӵıĵôССզĿˣǲ۸ˣ
ССֹסޣûаֻĬĬµᣬķУϸذο
һҫ̶ĿôƵĴķѣԼΰˣȥȴúӱ߿ޱ߳ҭ޵ˡ
һһĻʮֺЦͬڿ޵Сȫͬ
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һҡͷǮģŪˣԼۣҲۣöԲҡ
һôһ˵ССøˣ費ҲǰĲһˡССҲ˵ԼΪʲôֹסޣǰһ䣬ֹס»ڳҭҲǿŲķ
޵ĺǳԣǰӱͱ˰š
СС᲻ֹѹΪһĮѹ
ΪԼŪʮǮѹͺıܵһѹ˺һӣȫ©ȥˣ
ΪͿܳȥ򹤻߼ȥ˼ҵСѹͺഺûȥĻȴѾûͯ꣬ĿֺͶԷδ֪δȣЩֵ̣ʱԷ
ҲΪѹѪԵĺӣҲԣ¹ɣ˷ֵܵܵĽΣȴǵòԼӦõԴͰ
ΪʲôҪ̺Ͱְ֣ĳɼܺãְֲΪȥɼСĿ˲Ų֤Լɼܺãѧڶ꼶һںܴܶҲܹɣŻصõϼңôǿһ棬ǰûкúöԴ
Ȼ̺Ͱְֻϵĺöǲڣֻ*ôĶܵܡ
ССһֶһʣ裬ؼˡ
ؼңֻ衢ʦļңļҡ
һͷķǿӿ޵ôһû¡ӣˣ⺢Ȼֻһ꣬ථ£ķһ˽⣬ϾѧУʦѧദ࣬һֻϲʱͺദ
ߣǲˣǻȥķҲߴһϽߡ
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뿪ʱһƳҫʱС¶Ǯ
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һͣ½ŲɿСС֣ķ˵ȥǼǶֳȥȥϣȥУȥѸԼҵţҪ
ķס⻹Ҫģ
һ̬Ⱥܼߴߡķû룬ǣССˡ
һһ˷Լң߽ݣԼΰѾˣҫڳҭĿӱƨϸȫǺۡ
һ߹ȥϵǮϸϸһ¡ⲻССƵǮַƵĶϲ
뵽СС˵ŪʮǮһҫûɢһصĻڡľߣйһصԲɫӲӵľֿɲˣļٶУ˵ҲҪüǮӵҲˣһǮֻһС񹭵һ״ƿװӵ˵ҲҪ顣ܼҲҪʮɡ
һǮһקҫǮĶģߺͻڵǮĶģ
һȥԼΰûʲô£Ҹӵĺģ㲻Ϊֻɣ
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һףӲ̫áǮССģѹҪ͵
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ǣһѸײڶ֮ƣϴҫһֵ
ҫղŰԴûסΪ󣬿һҴӣס
ԼΰҲܲһҽѵӣ˵Ͼĸӹϵѵʲô˼
򹷻أ˶˵ʲô˲Խȥӣ
һקźӱߴ߶ԴԼΰŲţ̵λãҫţ̾ܡ
Լһ㶣ϷҲסˡɶ˼һУҲˣҲˣţȥˣǲǰŮƱ
Լ˸Ͻ׷ȥһܵ죬ܵڣķССѾֳϵˡ
һವһϳߴٵʦ쿪ߣ
ʦ֪ɶ˵߾Ͳȼˡ
ķССµؿһһƽϢ˵ʲô
ķָָţֿ̣ۺ׷ϳϥǴԼˣҪ
һֱ׳ǰҪˣǸһ¡
˵꣬һͳǮССܺԼǮҰţҪˣȥȣҫ͵ʮǮ˳һӳ⡣
ķɻ󣺡ӳ⣿һٲʲô˼أҲûŰ
ССȴ̲סЦ˳ӳ⣬˴СĲλͽӳ⡣


50 
ķˮĵڶڣûм飬ûԡ
Ҳԣķæϴˣæµһڣû԰ɣ
ǰһѣֵֹܾġķ翴һĲһѣΪʲôʱԴǰضԴһأܾ֮Ĺϵ̫ѡ
ķϸϵʲôܵʮУû˸Ů˺Ů֮ĹϵѣǱʲô
ϦϣûİҪҲû޷ѡļ˵߶ֻŮˣΧԣŵӣһҹ
ʽĿյҲܴȷģʱ¶ȾѾɢ˲ֺ䣬æҲˣòϿյů硣
Ȼ¥÷̻ߵ¥¾ܷš
˳극ʰӣ¥µĸʳɶҲ̻ıһһȵʱٷš
ʣµǮЩ̻ȻǺܶ࣬ػؾôҲòֺ
һѵŮϣССûиоô˹
¥¥µµĽֵС̻ϻûн̻ȹ¾ûôˡ
Ȼҹֻһȵ̻ʱ¥ϵһҲˣϾǱȽھӣһҲûɶ
СС꣬꿪ǳѧڣ˵ǺСѧ治һȥġСһʼҲϲСС棬¥ôСҼһкӣССʱûһ˺档
Ҳ֪ΪСС˵ģʳԣΪССһ걻һúܺãԲˣƣˮ飬СҲϹӣÿҲƯĺ档
һƽﶼķ磬ϣָСС̻
̻ҪСС³ЩƺǴģȼתݣų𻨡
ȻҲٲûܺӣĺ棬ɴһֽСڡĻ۸ССҩСͲϸľǩϣȼƨɺţھͻͷָķȻ󱬻է
ǺֱӰѼͷССûڵ󣬷ɵССŵ±էҲûʲô˺
ССһûпޣݺݵصС
״ŤͷǺӻ˻ȭͷǲв
תͷְοСССƨúܡ
ССһһǳصݸһѲڡڵȡˣӵö׼ʱǡܿƻڸպڱԱ߱է
ǣοССûãһݸССĲڸãССŲڣѾܹ׼ذѿػڱէʱǺǰʱñէ
ŵһСͷܣССĵŤͷһ裡治ң
һͷǶӲ϶治㡣
Ҵվһྣ˵СÿҪе˻̲ס߶һ䡣
ܺϴΪСС¾ߣС֪ߣûûƤģֿôƤ̲סŮ޸ôƤ̫ðɡ
ܺƾѧУǸбҵȻûѧڲˮϣƾҲõóˡҪ֪ˮСѧѧʦķ磬ûдѧҵҪôְʦҪôǸбҵ
ʱĸбҵͺһûȫռܶеĶһСˡ
ҲܺΪķԭԼһäͳСѧѧһȵǸķѧҵһòѧмҾ˵δӵá
ΪƾߣʸԱָָ㣬һڣԼָ㽭ɽڽˣ˶Ƕ¡
⻰һ˲ˡ
ССΪóѶˣȴܺһ仰ˣԼʲô£ԭء
ķ΢΢üܾ⻰Ų˵Ϊʲô
һƳССһۣܺ˵Ƥ޵רƤһҲйɡ
Ƥ޵רܰ塣еĺӻΪͯԱŮԼΪǷ磬ӶԣҲеŮԼʣŮ߹󣬶Ϊ˸Ƴģк
ʲôңԣܺر𲻸һô˵˵Լһϲû飬ľɵҲ˵ҲСѧûꡣ
СС۸Լ˽Ƥɱ۸ңԣɵֱܺӹѧʱҲմߡ
һܺΪʲôˣһɻؿ㼱ʲô
Ҽܺǳ鶯ЦЦָָԼ״ػһ£Һ°
ѧܴһ˵ۼƷΪˣ˵;Լûܶ˸߹˵Ҳ׶ˣķȥˣˣȥֿɡ
˵꣬ķһʹɫְССߡ
ܺˣķ磬Ц˵ҾͿЦ
ķûŤͷһ˵ѧУסУдССĳɼ϶뵽
һҡͷãڳԺȲ⣬øЩҪġסУסڣܳԺЩڿӣѧУôûҪסУ
ķȻͲµһ뷨׼ȷһЩǲһģͺĳƵ쳣ϡ
˵ССͲҪˣҪǰһûд뿪ԼңССԼƶƫִļķ˵ʲôҲҪΪССȡڲͬˣһҲչССССЩӸҪ⼸
һûеļҳȡѧУ׬ͺȥ鲻ȥռ˵ģϣССܺúѧϰϣرĸϣߵø߸Զ
ķһΣһԼʶһϣܵʲôϡݡ䡢ȫͬΨһͬԱ𣬺ûκι֮ͨȴܱ˴⡣
γǣһͬѧһļˣûһķҪ
ȴڲˮһƫԶСϣôһˣķҪ޾ĽεĽУִϣһ˽⻥⡣
ܺδûܵõķĻӦεر˦ں棬ԽԽԶ׷Ҳûں׷׷ϵľȡ
浽賿һ㣬ССʹ죬ָܺɨˣΪ˵˲̵֮ԺѾ档һܵ㻨Ǯڽһ롣ȥССԼǮֽңˡ
һû㶮ССڲȱԴôˡ
꣬ʱѰ˼ҶĴݼҴţֻһˣûݿԴţ⵹˺ܶ鷳
¥ܺǲģһȥԷ
ķʵڲȥͿܺ˼ˡϲֱ׶ΣֲʮСܿԷʲô
Ȼܲô˵òȡˡѧȡˣǣܺ׼ܾ۾۾ӲǱӣ̫˳ۡΣϲܺĸĸҲͬ⡣
ķΥ˸ĸԸˮγǵļҾ̫ܺˣڼʮҲкܶͥﲻˮƽСͥԺǺܶġǮˡ׼
˵̸ǵŵԣķĸĸǲķ硰ƶġ
Ҫǣķʵڲϲܺ뾡취ֺ׷Լ̸ֹ͸¶ļкӹףķÿӦȥӦԼƫͬ¡
һֱԪʮ֮ǰ㲻ֹһйһˣһССȥˣӣķԸԼ䷹ʣˣҲԸȥ¥ϡ
漸ΣһССҲȥˣҡͷ̾Ҳ˼ɶ˼ˣǶû˼¡
ܺģԼôãķôῴأ
˵˵Ů²ɣûãҲҪæڹÿȥķʱҲ࣬ķ糣Ϊ˱ܿҪôѧУҵҪôǶķ䲻
ѧڿѧˮСѧУڽɲͶʹã̸ãһסʮѧʮĳЩרѧУҲñá
ܵ˵У㲻ˣһЩˮԶѧסУסУ֣һǼͥ൱ƶģѵסУһԶ߸ĸҪ򹤣ûʱտӵģ㲻ٳԵϷ־Ҫס޷ѣһѧҲһǮһѧ˵ĸ£һͶҲżʮ飬е˻ǽġ
УͶʹú󣬾Ҫ޹ʦտסУˮСѧʦʵǻŹܵģвʦʮˣСѧʦ٣ÿǼסУѧУԶʦ°಻⣬Űķѧٵ¸Уѧ
Ҳ˵µʱ䣬϶ʮһԼҹ·ؼҡ


51 ѧУ
ȷŰķ磬ЩգΪŵĩеʱ׼
ҹ·رֵͲķר˸ĳֵͲһֵͲ֣ȷǳߣ֮ӣ·ǰһƬģô¡
ʵˮ֮ǰķܶ鶼ϰѰ˵İ縸ĸ磬ߵͬѧѣĸ˵ǼСŬȥԼΧ£ǣˮ֮ķ֪ǰܶʵΧ֮ڣ縸ĸѸС
ºȷʵ׸ı䣬Ͼ˵Ըˣû취⣬ķĴֱֵ¥Сٹսһ·Ȼû·ƣķԼĴֵͲӴ·żгһ࣬˰ȫС
УὨͶʹõͬʱˮ򿪽ļ乤Ҳ½½Ͷ
Ƚɵ׷ʳͲ˿µʱͿˣļһˣвˮ򵱵صģҲиġ
źһȷʵе͸Լΰܵ׷ʳ﹤ȥˣĳɻźİֶԼΰúøɣֻҪϸܸ꣬ȥ
ԼΰŲɣΪˣеʱ򣬾ͺź֤
ˮߵϰǶ鲻˰磬ԼΪֺź죬ǶƴգҸݽǮóԼΰǰܵǮ˳硣
źҲϲԼΰóԼļױԼǸӸƵؽؽڼ䣬Լһҽӵżס
ˮһֹȥ¥ڲˮģżڲˮĶϱߣǱ߾׷ʳ޽ķ˳Ҳ޺˴·һ·߾׷ʳ׷ʳϹգ·ЩݣвˮΨһһҼҾ߳
ҼҾ߳ʵżҵģʲôҾ߳ǡ
ǡǡǡģʵһҼҾߵֻ꣬ҾԼ˹ģľĳȥǴӲˮ򸽽ĴͼչչٴҾߡ
żһ¥ҾߺҾߵĹ¥ԼסĵطΪƱȽϿ¥ءԼס֮ǰ¥ö෿䶼ǵֿãȫľмͻҳԼסŴɨ
ԼڵһסҾ߳¥˺һʱ䣬Ϊ¥ĻҳľмĶࡣ
һ뵽żҳǮǰϷؽѵķסҳʲô
żԼŶǿס⼸ķӶ󣬱ϾȲʲôһ߳УҲǷŵңŮˣҺżҷֿá
ź컹ǸԼסڼҾ߳¥Ͼ֤Ҳеʱ˻磬ӽԼϱˡ
һԼϱʱûССİְٻ飬ҲûиŮǰޡ
ȻԼһСС˴Ҳȥֲϴε극һţȥٷҪȥϯǮء
Ȼմɽܶ˵ϰߣʮǮһ˶ȥԡһ᲻ǮʮǮССķܳԶٶˡ
ҫź裬ҡһˣֻڻũ壬Լΰܾó򻧿ںã뷽跨ҫĻڸĵźˡ
һûչһ˵ڸʲôæ׬ǮءССٽСѧҲͽˣҵɼ൱ΪˮСѧȽϼªĿҲֻĺѧţѹûлӴӢѧϰ
˵СѧѧѶȶߣССΧڵã˫ٷֻؼҡ
˫ٷֲСС޶ȣԾ޶ȡ
ûϳһСѧҵ٣ССѾʼѧпγ̡еĽ̲Լ㻨Ǯȥſչĳһĸǵ飬һ⺢ɶʱȱǮˣǶϸԼ㻨ǮʡԼõ㻨Ǯ̲ϡ
ССôѧʵķʦĶȡѧϰõѧԼͬѧûôѧϰġ
ķССôôʱССЦЦ˵ʲôԴ䲻⣬֪˼ĵңСѧγ̫ٳ˿ӣûĿˣѧϰһ
ССҲ˵ѧϰֻǾãȺ¥С棬ѧϰĳɾ͸иࡣѧһ֪ʶ㣬ܻѧãҪúĹϵǾͲŬ˾ܳɹġ
ҶСڵСС治һȥΨһϵĺҲΪҲ棬ѧϰȻССʱһַʽ
ҲǡССڵӸʱر𰮿ӣÿķһŰĽĿһߣȫ벻Ųƨɵġ
ֻǣССķڿһȲС˵ıİӾʱССкܶʣáİǴɵ㣬ʳڵʱһĻشСС԰һ˲
ͬʱշתŮ֮䣬˳ҪҪǸǿưԵŮǸףƿǿ
һʼССǳǳ飬Ǿһ²ۺ־˺ܲ㡣һ翴ˣССֻȤ󣬵Ů˵ĽҪôǽӣҪôԶ磬ǣͨҵгɣŮơ
ȲӰӿɶˣһǸˣŮ˾ҪΪܲһǽŮǧĥѣҲҪͻ
Щһ²۶ˣССȥ翴Ƭء
ССɥʧ˶ԵӾﰮ˾ӳѧϰ
һλĵӾ簮ʵӰԡķ磬ҲˣΪ֣ʵȫγǵļʱΪԼֻƽͨСͥˮ󣬲ŷԼļͥЩƽ˵ֻͨӿ̽á
ССһҵķҪתͷȥһ꼶ѧ
Ϊˮ½ļ乤ԭ򣬶·Ҳ޺ˣĺ˲ˮСѧѧļ乤˲ˮ򵱵صľãҲʹ˿ڶŲˮСѧ
ǰһ꼶ѧһϣһʦ̾ˡһ꼶ҪֿˣΪһ꼶˽һѧ͵÷࣬꼶иתѧ
ˮ࣬ˮСѧУᣬͲܶͥѺΪԭһ꼶ѧŮԱȲ֮ǰ¡
ϾСѧŮͶСɻʵҲɲ̫صģѶ黹˸ľǻǷǳġ
Ȼķ粻֪еѧõľǮ٣ּͥҲΪǮѧ
ȻһǹҳǮһ˸ǮҲٲͨ㹤Առķ֪ѧУҪչ߷壬Ȱ˵ͥѺȥѧСѧҪ˼Ǯ·;ңԶУ޺ˣв⼸ɼһܴ򶯲ˡ
ٵʱķæСʦλʦֱ߷ü壬ҰȥСѧУͲߣϣЩͥкӵͺ飬ûеҲ֪һ㣬Ժ˾ͲᵣĶ黨Ǯ⡣
Ϣȫ˿ഫ绰Ӵǣѹ󲻵Ժһ˲ϢͨѶէ硣
Ҳķ˵ŬܶλƫԶشũͥѹ֪涼ʲô췭ظı仯쵼˻Ҳ˽⣬˵ʲôʲôУʲôķ߷õЩǲ֪һϼƣȥѧУܶܽʡǮ˸չ˺ӣһԵضѺȥ
Ҳٲ˲ּŮѹûǹŮȥģķÿζＸˣСȰЩͥѺǶȥЩͥĺӶʮˣʹ˶Сѧֱͣϳû취Ͻȡ
вŮҲûãڼѧŸɻļҳÿʱķ綼òСڣǵһּҳˣƵĻſھʲôȥѧΥˣԸҳʲô鲻ҪǮ벹ܸ׬Ǯ
֮գķһ١
һˮʱķ绹ǸѧҲֻҰҹ̾ʦڣ֪˭ѧƤʲôѶҳƶũ̫ͥܶҲᶮִ
ķ߶߶һ磬ȻܰһЩ̲ļҳ˵ȻҲٲ̬ȶӣһֶ˵ĴֱӰɨسţҲһЩҡĻˡ
֮СʦķһȰѧķӡǽһһٰʮȴߵ⻹ӡǸյˮ򣬲ܺѧͬ¡ҳ˵ϸķ
ڵķ磬˵طǽһصСΪԼĸء
ѧеѧ̫࣬ǰһһʦ꼶ѧУֵλʦ֧ͬʦЩʦڲˮ򵱵ûзססУᣬУĹҲ΢Щķŵİ࣬һѧֻܾҪȥһ¡
ΪСѧʦˣǱȱʦСѧʸ̳еģֻķʡķֻһѧһ꼶ֱȥ˳в


52 
ֻķȥвʱ䲻ɣССϳķŵȥһ
ССһһѾϰûķѧӣµѧʦҲͦõģ΢е󣬿صͬʱϲһЩ¾ɵ˼롣
ΨһССӦ˳УҪӴһδ˽еĺӴСѧ׶԰ͽӴССһֱУ֪
Ϥġġİġseiء﷨ϰߺ͹ȫһʲôνǰѧȫûʶĶ˳һҪΪһȥӴѧϰ
Ȼķ븨ССϿΣѧ˻һѵҪвҲǵΰΣԼȡģĳĲֻǽ黹Ҫ*ˣҪԼܵȥԼѧ
ķæټÿѧһҪУᣬĳ鲻СС
ССԼҲ鷳ķ磬
һ̣¼ĳӢϢ񣬵ʱĳΪԵԼһӢѧϰߣ¼һϢ
ǣһֱãһСѧûҵĵ裬ôܻӢ
ǣһΪ˸ССʼСС¿λؼҺ󣬸ССһѧӢȻһѧñССãʵֻѧϰı󣬽̸ССࡣ
ܸи໥ĻᣬССȻģĵͬʱеѹ
ѧϰӢ̫ˣÿʶǹĿ﷨õøԭһСС뵽һοʱǸũ壬ȴŮˣͲࡣ
СС룬СʱҲܺһл飬᲻ڵλ۽ڶȫͬ
ССһѿڶʦ׼ӢͻȻãΪͰְֽиõ
ķѵؼһΣžͿһĸŮѧϰһȻرӢģССһѹģ
ǣ˵ССˣķɻ
һüɶҲûɰŤͷȥССССɿĨһᡣ
ôˣһʡ
СС˵ֺһԸһ飬Ǳ˵ġ
ûкԼΰССԭҲ˱øãΪĻ£˾ͲṩԭõѡԭûлıҲûȥYʡԶĵطܵе뷨ڸö顢ŬֻҪƯᡢͻݣܼһˣһ
ԭȦӣûССǼ޸һʲôСССС
һôοˣ϶ھССĴһԣѡĲ㣬ҡΣûкԼΰ㣬Ҳͱ±ĺӡڵʱεѡ񣬺ûѡȨ޹ء
ܵܶûιʲôһ˵꣬ССӢĴ
ķһô˵ͻȻ뵽Լ裬Ȼķ縸ĸǽʦķڱҵʱиõѡ񣬲һǵõʦʵУУΪԺпӣķѡ˵ʦȶܼ˼ͥҵͬ£ķİְȰҵѡ˵ʦûпǣҲҪǼ˼ͥҵ⡣
ķֻһ˲䣬ߵССߣССļ˵СС㲻ֻô룬Ĵڶ˵õĶ͡Ϊ㣬һ·ߵڣܺúõģͲ㡣
һ⻰ûʲô⣬һĵԭΪŮûԶıҲû룬ûңһûҵϵͳֻΪŮ
ԭûΪӺڣһ֪һһҪڵĻˣĶҫĳ˵ˣҲɣӻƺ󣬵ʹ˻ûнӣеǻᡣҪǰˣӲƷ˻Ҳȥԭµĺ֢˰Ҳʵʵģ޸
ķ簲οССôӣֿ˿һ룬ҲûãҲȥʧϵĴѧܸؿӿûڣһ϶Ҳ˵Ȼ˺ӵġ
ССķСܶҲʡĵģҪǸһҫķ綼Եʲôתһ룬һҫ¥ⷿʱѹͲѡһ⡣
ķһߵŮǶӣͬʱҲ֧̾ʱǰ˷֣Ϊʱû֧̾ҵûҲһһӣʱᷢʲôķһ¾ͷƤ顣
һͬѧϰ£ССӢܴ󣬺ܿʹӰϵβˮƽ׷꼶ǰʮССӢɼǣоָѧơ˳вֹҪѧһӢҪѧʷΡѧȵȡ֮ǰֿƣЩĿҪѧģΪ˼ѶȺ͸пЩĿһ𿼵ģʷεȣѡڳʱпԣȻֻҪ汸Ŀ
ССʷʱɼ൱еʷԶѣҲãЩ˵ѡ
Ҫ衢ʦԼĳɼϲʱȴʦ˵һֲõϢ
ķ֧ʱˣѧھ͸ýģѧУǱ߸ʱǴ꼶ѧ㣬ΪѧڵĿķ˲һ¡
ķ統μӵ֧̼ƻѧհģ̵һѧڵģҲģаõġʱķҲȷ֧Ƿܼȥ֪֧ҪʲôҲѡ̫ʱ䣬ϵʱѵļͬѡ꣬Ҳ̫ʱ䡣
ķԼʱ꣬꣬ûҵԼ̵֧壬ô;̸ǻؼҡʱ䣬Ӷʮͷʮ꣬Ҳ󣬲Ǹʲôü
˵ĸöϾϵвķ粻׼ȥ֧̣Ϊ˸ĸ᲻ķԿ࣬ôЩ꣬Դķװ˵绰ķİ軹ǻ绰Ů
ʱ䣬Ҳķ͸ĸԼõʱ䣬㹻ıܶ˵ˡ
٣ķԭ͸ı˲ֹŮһ˵ˡ
ڣʱˣķûؼˡصǻļңǽһƫƧӵƶС򣬹ϴּ䶼ûеӣϴϲҪȥޣҪΪĵѾϸ㣬ҪΪĶ̿ơ
֧̽ˣķҪȥˣѧУǱѾҲİཻӸʦ
ССһ֪ϢΪ֪Լĳɼ͸ϽȥҰ칫ҵķϲá
ķСС֣ʱƼݵСѾͤͤһúܺõĹķȻЦţȴֹס̾ССʮ־ˡδԶֹǰ㣬ߵԽԽߣԽԽԶ
СС⻰ЩѾʮСѾͷˣԹɫıҲվܾãķ绰л
Ȼķ糤̾һһһɵЦݣô̿ѧϰҾͷˣ죬ҾҪγˣССҪúչԼúѧϰúáӡ
ؼҵľǺ͸ĸһģķΪ󲿷ʱ䶼ѧУѧУӵĸĵ绰ССųɼˡ
ССԭأزŷӦЦǡǺܺðʦҪؼȥ̽尢̣ǣүү̣ԡ
ķ̾ССҲǻȥ̽ףǻȥˡ
Ժ󣬿¶ٻˡ
ĻƷ̵棬⧲СС֪ηӦССʦȥףķļͥԼ๻ˣʲô¡뽫
ССΪķÿģγûȥ֪YʡʡᶼУһǳõĳС
ССͬʱҲ᲻ķ磬һμķԺλʦӡʦƣıССѧѧƵᷳҲıССѧϰĿ־塣
ССͽķʽҲԽԽؿķ磬ķļ򣬸һӵ
СС᲻ңǻܴ绰ѽ㿴绰ǸҰĵ绰Ҽҵĵ绰һȥ㻹̴绰һҴ绰
ССƵķļϴţһģʦ
Ҳġ
ССᵽһķԭοССʱĴɫͻȻסˡ
һҲ


53 
һϲŵ֪ķҪߵϢ˵Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ҲԼƺ
֪ķҪߵʱһһӦǣһ˳еˡ˵ÿǮһⷿҲû⣬ķˣԻܸССסССѾˣǸҲԼķ䣬Լ˽˿ռ䡣
ʱ˵ĸӳ١ȥѣȥˣҪȵóһʱ󣬲Żĳڵ㣬ͻȻеһ˵ġ
ˣοûиһ
˻ֻССϳ֣һ˵ķҪߣҪߣܶණҪʰеʱ򣬻ķʰš
һֵ̫Ȼ̫ƽڣķһ䡰һֱʳڡ
ദˣķһӣҲһ˽⡣
£һ𡱣һһ䡰ʲôĻΣҲ̫ˡ
ķ粻ʣһڣû뵽һ硣
˺˵ԵֺǳѪԵϵˣҲ̫ãѸֻһó̡
ķ綼ǶʮĳˣΪ˸еѹ
һǵһҲΨһһȾÿɿֲΪԷҪϵõʲôš
ķ룬һܸһγǸöá
Ҳ˵һСɫڱҲɫʳܹССһȥγǣǾֵðңһγǵķ⡢ˮɱͲˮȫһССҪҲһ⣬תѧô򵥵£иӵĳɶˣʱתѧɶСС˵Ǹ⣬ӦµĻµͬѧʦܿӰѧϰ״̬
һжܿ˷ôķ磬ҪʲôһĸŮһȥγأ
˭ΪѰң뿪ԼϤļ硣
ʰʱķ˺ܶеûģֻܻһ̾Ϣ
ڲˮļֻʮƽС̫ûѿĻ䡣
ֵ켸άؽ¥ķڽͨˮܣҲ˶׿ãķ߳ſ򹫲޵ķݻϣֵͲĹ⣬һϸֱۣҲܼϴ衣
ķ˦˦ͷٿˣɾģԽԽ
ķǿˮγдСʱ̣߸ٿܿ㡣⼸ˮɽˮļĹٷչ˳дˮԭȵ·ѹøûʹãǮ·Ȼޣ궼ãҲԿˮĳС·ߡ
ڴӲˮϢҲһСʱ̣ܹСʱܻصγǣķȻǿ
ķĶʵ࣬ҲЩ·һЩļƷѡһ˺ĿյӣԼ氲װĳ̻ȵȣķ綼ߣЩﶼУһá
ķҪߣܶ˺ϻĶߣһ˵ַķ磬ķ绹ϴ⣬Ҳ֪һԸʲôҪ塣
ָң͵İɡķְסһǮ֡
һһ£ҵģ
ķͷЦ˵԰Ȼô˵ͦ˼ģǰɣ⼸չ˲٣һֱûü˵ллЩ㶼ţҲûǮ͵롣
һɻ󣺡룿ûʲô룿СС˵˵绰ʱܴ绰𣿡
ķЦõؿһȻҪһʲô˵Ļǲˡ
Ȼһ˵Ҳԣʱܴ绰Ҫ֪ÿ˶ԼССҪѧϰһҪ׬ǮصγҲԼĹʱ˭绰ˣ绰ʵʱģҪͬʱڵ绰ǰܹͨϣȻֻԡ
ͺĻϢʱͬ绰ܱͨϢпȥʱ򣬶ԷæȶԷ㲻һпջء
ͺһԴУὨɵȥGʡͻûٻĵ绰ССҲһδܽӵ˸þòпһ
οССкܶ໰ģķ粻һкܶ໰ܶһ˵ڡķϲһһЩ£һЩŵ绰ָŵ绰ߣЩΣ̫ճദʽ
󲿷˳󶼲ӵк٣ûгļڣϵʼߵˡ
벻Ǽټǧ⣬ҲζͶԷͬһռ䣬ܼʱͨҲ޷ǡܿͬһƬգͬһʱճ䡣
ͬһطζ˺ܿܲͬһƵ
ķе㺦ָоı䡣Ҳˣʱ䣬һζûлؼҿˣᣬкܶѡͿܡ
һûҪκΪ£ҲΪķӦûؼҡγǸչռǳĳУYʡʡᶼУ÷Yʡ徭ˮƽȫȣYʡȫʡԴչγǣȫš
ķĳͣ¥¥£ļҵĳĳҲƳɼķļͥ൱˵ţҲһʳǡ
٣ķʱֻ䣬ߵʱҲѹûô·ǮúԼһЩƶѧѧ
ķĸĸʱżŮԹһУӾʵ򿴼Ů𽥳أĻǺοġңڿŮסʱ̲סۡ
һžˣҷǳ򵥣ٶķ˵ѵġ
һСС¥ղŰᶫʱҲ˵æȻֻǰæ䡣
СС˺ܶ࣬ڱķ磬ͷķļϣ죬ûпޣ˿ķ֣û£ʦԶϲʦȥҪǵøҴ绰Ŷ
ķЦŵͷǿ϶ģһȥֻ绰
˸бɢֻССڵ￴ܴ绰ҷǳСɣòߣܸء
ˮѧﵹûõϣķҲûǮ򣬵ǵγǾǮˡ
ʱ򣬾ͲССһӴ绰Ҫ绰ǰ
ֻеѾˣˮٲϣССʶͬѧûùҲ˹ƶ绰ͺܸ߿Ƽ
СС˵껰ķ翴һһŸڴӣʲô
ķָָһŵĿڴ
һֵ֣Ͳ
׼ȷ˵һǳСɸںһֵͲƽʱڿ㶵ռطֵͲСȺܸߣպüԶҹ·϶ǹˡңֵͲǰǷģƨɺ滹иťһƾͻ̶ᷢļУΧע⣬൱Ǹ
һ˺ü꣬˺öϰ壬ŷҳô
ķԣȾΣ־úܷһԸֵͲá
ǣķ绹ǵһһѹ˵ʵҲûôº
ʮ˸ʲôܺʵͣˣ۲ת۾ղ¶һɽζһķһﱥʲô֪ķϲ͵
ķһ´ʱ죬ߵʱҲ졣ﴵһ磬ɢͷȣµһ㣬ûסվһһ뿪
ڸĸĴߴ£ķ˻ؼҵĳŤͷӺ󳵴¥վŵһɫЩʧ䡣
֣Ϳ¥ˣҪĻķ̾˿λȣϵðȫ
߹ȥأҪˮڣڵķҲǲˮСѧѧķ
ķ籾ΪЩʧ䣬ںĬš
ͻȻڵλãվһȺˣֻмȫǺӣߴߴΧڣ
Ȼǻûķĳķȿǣ̺ͣ
ǿķӳȫڴ󺰣ʦʦˣ
ķ³߹ȥΪ׵СʦɻզˣѧУҲû֯Ӫɶѽ
Сʦķ磬Ц˵Ǹɶѧ˵Ҫˣüҵң˵𣬵أֲ֪סģֻ֪ߣһֱڵˡ
ûе绰ķȷʱ䣬֪ķĳһЩѧһ죬֪ʦǣ϶³
ķѧ󲿷̵ѧдһѧڵСѧҲ񺫴ССЩ˳еѧ
СС¥͸ķˣЩȴֻܵڡ
ķ磬ϲõЦݣǵ𣬵ӭķ硣
ʦ˵Ҫؼˣ㡣Цͷĺյҫֱۣʦһģ
ķź֣ͻȻͣסˡ
ĳ֣ı˺ڵ˵ķĸĸӼţķŬͳɾֻͣǸıһһ
صϵķ磬ԺﻹصźĻ͵ʱﱥĿ⡣



54 γ
ķȥıһССͬ뿪һݵ˸УҲᱻ鼷
ССǸӣӵҪѧϰܿͲѹżʵķˣϴ绰ķ硣
һҳ˳ԺȣӦþǵ绰ѡ
ÿСС绰ʱһæԼ£ҪĲ׼ãڿȷһ֮ССȥ
żٵʱ򻹺ãһССҪˮĳжѧҪûôϸ񣬵һϳѧҪʼϰ
ϰ󲿷ѧмҳͣԶŻѡסУУ⼸˼ΣǸӵӺ˺ܶࡣ
һÿϻССϰ¿δھŵ룬̫ѧϰмʱ̣ܶһССѧУʳó٣һһϡ
СС𣬳緹ߵţҪһֱϾŵ룬һŻмʮСʱʱ䣬һһ˹һ˷
˵ļҳ֮࣬ԣһֻܴ֮࣬򿪵ӷ
һͼǵ뷨ߵӾ뷨Ȼʧˡ
ȵССķ绰ˣһŵ绰©ͼ绰Ƕķ˵ʲô
ķССѧʲӦѧϰȣϰϰѧڵѧǿȣѧûʲô⣬ͬѧϵôûнѣûС
ССѾʮˣķ뵽Լʮʱûա
ʱ򣬲֪СС趨ΪŮƯΪʹƯŻᱻΪŮ
ССԵúúȵúã⵰һ٣ӲϴܣʮѾһ壬ϣˡ
øߣƯ㣬˵ϣͬУһЩŮûٿ
ķ絣ССӰѧϰССܲҺͼҳ˵ΪǰССʦʮѣܵôһ£һ£СӰѧϰ
ķ絽ǴĸĽģˮޣһδСС˵κβ׼Ҫ󣬷ССķôʣһµ绰ͲŤͷһ裬Ҫզ죿
һڲüһѣͷҲ̧ػصеŮģ
СС͵绰һ˵ķһ㶣ССЦ裬˵ɶأզŮģҲŮİ
һͬͻϲŮˡ
ССˣСû˵ͬ˵
ͬѧǴĸֵС˵ʱΪûVCDӰӻǶͬѧ˹ŲˡܲݣͨǾ˵ģҲһ˵
οССƽæѧϰӶæ͵Уʱ俴С˵
ͨŮ鰮ĻƷССûôͬѧǻ˲һ˵һ²۵ӾЩͬѧβѣ´βˡ
һ˵ķ羪ס绰ͲŤͷʰԼԱ߿ӵİְ֣û
ģһֱ죬һķĿڷ顣
һ£ڽʲô
ͬķһ֪ʲô˼ʮʷǳİ˵ΪˮޣǸûǿ⵭ӹͬߡ
ӵʱǲ־ֻеڶ֪Ĵʱ˿ʼΪֻедڵͳɳĻᡣ
ķףŵһСС£Ҵҹ˵绰
ĸŤͷɻզˣǸѧ˵껰ˣ
ĸԼҲʦеѧ󻹻᳣̽ķѧ绰ɶ
ķһЦǿûɶҡһطˡ
ſڴһϤ
ۿۿۣ壬ķ磬ڼ𣿡
һ궼30ˣСķҲ26꣬ؼȻŰ࣬ĸһʼ˼𽥱һֽǡ
ĸΪķ22굽26꣬ҶͶ˷˲ˮ򣬻ؼҺļ̰ķƼѧУ̵Ǹ˼֧̾飬˽ܣԶֻ߸Ϣ˸٣̽н顣
ͲˮСطͬγһУƱҵģҲ˶ʿʿѧרƸ̣ؼʦķʵ˽ܣܽγǣиõķչҲѧĶ
ⱾǼ£ĸˣʻ˵ĸס
еΰ׺ĸǰͬѧϵأǴķһҵͽͶԷʶķһҵȥ֧ˡ
һҪȢ仧γǵǰѣһͬѧĶӣķǰѷ֣ȴû취ѰְֵĶߡ
ϾԼĹҲǶԷĸ߹ϵŵԡķ粻֪ԼǲʵȷʵΪе飬ҲΪ˲֪ôܾ
ķ粻ȥĽţˣĸϻΧȹΧȹϲ˲ˮȥţˮĵΰ¶һüͷ壬ȴı飺Ӵΰզˮˣ˵˲òãҳԶԲˡСİɣڿֿأţǰҸС䳬УѽÿûЬΣ˫㿴ﶼ׼רŵЬˡ
Ƕ˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲΪһһҲϱһΪ˻øɲĻصƽϡĸŮûͻϾͬһңҲһײ㡣
ŮͲһˣĸһʼǺ֣ΰģֱ֣ΰԽԽƵûȷϵأԼŮȥǿӰҪ֡
ĸļҵˣ˵¶Сµν*ʱķĸҪġ
һķ֣ΰôʱķҪ֣ΰģ൱ڣĸķƿȨͻύ֣ΰ
ĸڿ֣ΰԶûһʼôˡ
ķ翴۲˵İְ֣裬Լһڴ֣ΰ̾˿̫ˣҪɡ
֣ΰЦͣһ£ָֺܿúúãҾ͵Եģ㿴ˮڵģ˵Ҹ尢̶͵úܡ
֣ΰ˵ôֻ࣬ĸ飬ķվԭأЩΣĸ輸ϵıֽڿ˵
Ȼȥ֣ΰ̽ʡ
ĸϽȰиߵģѽǸճ˷ȥ̫ˣҪС翴ӣɰֿʲôˡ
֣ΰķ硰⡱Ь߸˵ؽļ͡
һ֣ΰߵķߣѹ˵˫Ьůͣлл㣬С硣
ķ粻ɫسЩ͵Ҳġ
治ģÿ֣ΰûЬĸͻֱӴЬŽĵҪĸϣҪķϣ֮ķ簮ɾϲ˴ȵ
ҵ׷ǰ֣ܺΰܺķϲ֣ΰϾܺҲæʱֻôżΣÿһ⣬һǮ
֣ΰͲһˣҲγһеʦķѧʦʦ
֣ΰķһͣһЩ󸹱ʦ൱˧ʦǽĵģĲȻǳʦѧǵĻġ
ķ翴ĵģʵںڷ绨ѩµĲ˵ĸ߿ĸ˵Ҫ޳Ӣֻѧ˵֧Ǽӣ˵ǮС˵ҵĽ軹ƣ˵ҪҪȥ¿ĵӰԺ
Ȼķ˵Լ̵֧ʱ֣ΰ˵Ϊͦ壬ķ绹ǴӶԷ΢顢Ƴô㡰ܡ
˵ĳ治ֻ˵ţͷ죬ѹһˡ
Ҫʲô˺˵أǳҾԸ񣬻Ǳʲôǰķ֣ΰӦлĲŶԡǱģķҲ֪˭һˡ
˭أ˼뻹죬ֻǸССС
ǰ࣬żҲ޻˵Сʦܺ
Ǹô˵ȴķóĬǼ£ͨҲѪһأ


55 
ķյһйأһ֪顣ɹųʮӣ࣬ʵһʱ䶼ڷ
ǰĹ޷ֳú䣬õĵһϾͳûֹķ統ʱĵݻϴ죬һûŵζ
궬죬ǵһֻһССĸŮĴڣΪͻпһԼӰССԣʲôݶߣĸŮһĴڡ
һYʡпĸǰȲμӻῼῼгɼѧпոְ߶ͳһԣͳһ⣬п֮ǰͻҪѧ־Ըɼٲ˶ԼĳɼԤӶ־ԸոߵĳɼְߣְߵķΪԼոߣְ߶ϲˡ
ȥ̨ߣҪʵʩˮΪ÷ˣ˰Ҳ൱⣬ѧУĿҲ٣ˮѧСѧǰܶ࣬ڱȽϺõĳС
ǰпĹ涨ῼҲУҲֳ̭ɼ̫ѧȰڻῼ󣬶Լĳɼеǰһ㣬Ǵ򹤻ǻǮר±пֻǰпļſĿпһЩԿĿ磬ԡﻯʵ鿼ԣӢԡ
֪Բˮѧ˵ʲôڣԾˣôһҲܶʱڴѧʵ鿼ԣǸСʵ飬֤һЩ򵥵ԭСӢԣˮĴ󲿷ѧ˳вŽӴӢǰ궼ѧӲĵʡ䡢﷨ȣһͻϰӢ
ȥģǰķ绹ڲˮʱӰǶ͵֪ҪУҲظѧǿʼ׼п
ˣܶѧԴɸе
ѧУΪѧĿԣ¹һʵĺͽѧģʲôձͲӵȵȣһ׵Ĺ㲥ģÿ첥Ӣ
ģҲٲ˼乤ҵҾڼΪ˻һˣҲ˳һСС
GʡչúܺãΪ⼸ľƾӪûУر⣬ֽǮȥĴҵ
ļ乤ֻв˿Զģǳ׷ʳŵģȾƾˡ׷ʳ׬Ǯ׬ˣƾһ֮˵ؾ÷չ
׷ʳ˸㳡ر֣ϣ׷ʳԱ°࣬ͻһտɶģһƬ׷ʳԱ⡣
һҲСƳʱһˣӻССԼųȥ׷ʳĹ㳡ҹ
ССżҵʱҲһܰæڹ㳡棬׷ʳҹḻϷűݣ⼸ܻӭԱ
ˮķչٶȣۿɼĿ죬ǰ·õûߵƶСѾչҹϷˣˮ½С򣬾Ȼ˸߱ͷˣòļҵŮ
һǮҲԽ׬Խ࣬ԼƽʱûжĿҲûʲôֻȫԺССжѧҪǮ
Ҳ˵ССŮԭѧݿȫǰʮĴѧ˵ССĳɼѾÿοԵһῼʱ򣬸ȫеһῼ֮ѧУڼصУȡʮι
˵ǲιۣʵһЩгɼѧǰصϵ
ССصжˣĻУȫаسǵĸУܹʮУŵŵģͲˮϵˣϣˮ֯ιۣȲιѧУ
ҲΪССĳɼ൱죬ܴӸصĸֹ졢˽еļɱΧҲûע⵽ˮ
ССѡصĸУΪˮԳؼҿ衣һϿɣ¥ȫõĸоǻжУȻˮԶԴãÿ궼Aѧ
ADѧ֮һССԭܿϣڿ϶ҲܿϡһԭССǻۺŬ
οصĸУһ뵽ԭŮĽһ׻ǲϣСС
ССһĽ顣
пССһսȫеһĳɼȫеĸжҪѡ˻УȻ⼸иĽ࣬һУҲõѧУصȽѧһѧǧ顣
Ҫ֪еĹոߣһѧҲһǧ塣ССĽѧܹѧˣһֻҪÿ¸ٿǮ㹻ˡ
ССʡԼõϰߣһٿ鶼еʣ
ֻǣССĵĲȥˣµͬѧµʦǺòദµѧҵѲѣȥˮƽߣٿǮãĵǣԼȥˣһô졣
ʵ᲻һһԼȥˣԶû衣
еĿҵȳнҷ࣬ÿֻһ٣ڻоͶ϶ǲССؼҵġԾֻܵÿµ٣һ»ؼһΣֻܴ죬ʣʱأһһ˹һ˳Էһ˯
СС¹µλ˼ҲһµǰҰˣҸ̸Լΰҫ˸һ
ڣԼˣȥ磬һ˻ڲˮϣһҲи㣬Ůں
˼ҶǸĸĶŮҶ󲻽Ժ¶ϣֵһңŮһһ˹㡣
һȥҹ̯ССڼҿ鿴ˣŤŤӣЩʹߡ
ķ뿪ССͰĴԣСȫҲԼһڷﰲѧϰûҪ£һѹ̤ССݡ
СС߽绰ˡ
һһһ۵С
СС˵㿼ȫеһҵ̫ˣأһǰ죬ͳԷ
СС㣡Ҫ
ССεȰͲ˰̷̣СһԶٷУҲ֪֡
аȫеһضҪð̿ǸҪ֪㿼ȫеһĩѧǵҸ˵ðһЩóԲ·
йóٹգҸһȥΣȥĶ棬˵
СС㣡ҪСС˵أҪ绰
Ů꣬˵ñ˭˳Ĵ̫Ҳãƽʱ趼˸СԸ첻µز£ү̵ĻССģرСС
ԴŰ賤꣬˵͸ÿٶϼڣϲСС
ȻǺǰ˶ôãÿסϼڣҲǴ˵ȻˣһһǸһףССÿգ㶼ܸϻգǰ꺢ӻСó;ϮʱҲ˵绰СС
Ϊ£ĹŻ˵лССȶԼŮҵĺӻá㶼Ǻ˻ȥ˵˼һȹŮڸɹɶ֪ܣȥıķɡ
СС֪ãܸˣûǰһľߴﹾ˵һѣ󲿷ʱ˵ÿиСãССûӦȻһ仰ظü顣
˿һСʱǱ߲ŹҶϵ绰ССӦһؼҾͳԷ¡
ССۿĹӣŲʮ㣬һ׷ʳǱ̯߰ССбҵˣʵûɶҵʦǶ˸һ߶Ľ̲ģѧһ飬еӡ󣬵ٹȥ˸УܸӦ
ǲˮСѧҵңУ쵼ϵʽҲʹӶԷ֪ССпɼķͲһˣȥˣ֪ǲǵòˮˡ
ķߵİż绰ķææӦˣͽ
٣ССôΪģãķΪæԽԽٺ绰
СС֪ǣķææ绰ļʱ仹еġֻǣҴ
´绰Ƕˣӵ绰Ͳ©ĳ䵭ǲڴĸ飬ҲܻõĻӦ
ķûҴ绰ССҲ֪òôķ籨ϲͽӴԽԽ࣬ССҲ𽥶˺˵Ĳࡣ
ʦǲһˣ˼ҶССĺ˼ȥ
˼룬˼СʱССǾƤȥϾôõʦŶԷȥĵ绰
ǣһ̯صңþͿССںòϵķ绰
ʦǾ˵Ŷ
Ȼʦƺһһ£ɻںķ绰˵ʲôˣ
ղźķôãССһ¾ûˣʱ꣬ʦʦ绰Ͳﴫôᡣ
һûǰķССĵúܿģķ֪ССȫеһԵظеǿѧȫеһ
ɵһӵ绰һ˴ķͻȻͳĬˡ
ССŤͷصޣ˵ٸӦȥΣȥĶ档Ҿ˵ҳôûȥγǣɴȥγʦ棡ʦ˵Ǻúù䡣
裬Ҳȥ϶þöûʦˣҲ˰ɣ
ķŵס˺һ©һҲ
һֻŰϣľګССȷе˵ǿССĻͲ
ţˡ


56 
û֪ķ˵绰ж졣û֪һûķ쿪ʼġ
ȷҪȥγ棬ССúܣһߺһߺķһ˾ͶһСҲСԼйأССйصĴС£һԼСʲô·ôԼҵĹϵСС൱Լ뷨һĹϵͨͥĸŮ̫񣬸á
úǱֱɻGʡɵγǣγYʡΨһлĳУһĸŮγǡ
Ƶ㶩ģҪúøССף˵סˣһŮ׼
Ҫ֪Ű죬þһ˸СС죬Сͬһ졣
ССҲóԼܵǮһŰ°꿪ѧҪСѧһ꼶׶԰ѧǰԻˡ
λֻŰ裬û˵Ϻü乤ÿæúܣҲûźӡ
ĸŮֱӴӻ⳵ȥƵ꣬ƵķƼģγǱˣƵλáƼϾĸľƵܰγ͸ʱˡ
һССϸٵĹȴӲˮأٴصվְ෢аͳ߸·ȥγǣʮִγվ
ΪĸŮķɻʮķɻҪһŵγǻķһĸŮȻȥƵס򵥳ԸȥĸŮ
ССûγǣôȥԶĵطسǣ°꼴ѧĻУҲûȥῼѧУ֯Ĳιۣʱѡι۵һС
վͱǼվֺˣ㲥ʱվͻվǳ࣬ǴڳеҪͨʽ
һĸŮվ󣬸ߵſڣͿȺķ硣
СС۾һ¾ˣװֱ˳ķкʦ
һҲһۿķ磬Լķվŵ֣ΰ
һıû˿ı仯ֻ̲ס֣ΰ϶ͣ˻
ǲȱ׷ߣķҲǣڲˮͲ˵Ŀ׷صγҲһ
ķȻССʱֳ࣬ӹҲԽԽͦΣѾһһˡ
ССķߵ֣ΰʦ˭
ķϽЦŸܣҡѧУͬ£֣ǽΰУ̵֧ʱ̹ѧССС
ķ翴һ̣ںһӴʱ֪Ϊʲô˵
һҲķ磬˵˾߻վСС֣ΰ£ĬĬضӡ
֣ΰϴЦסˣʣôǣССɣ
ķ羪ѣŶԶԶԣСС裬
һһԼˡ
֣ΰЦúܺʣķһˣͷ˵ޣС㣬һ·϶ˣ߰ɣҵĳͣ棬źУҺСȥƵꡣ
֣ΰǸˣһ·϶ڹһĸŮ۳Ͷ۲ۣˡ
ķӸղŽ֮󣬾ûһ˵һ仰һҲ࣬˾ͺִεİһ
վ֣ΰС֣ΰǰķѸʻĳŴˣķҲʲôû˵ǳϰԵȥ
һһĻʲôˡ
һĸŮںССγǳ棬ųĴУʵĽĽֵϢ˵ĴС
ķŤͷǺСС죬ССѧϰѡУʵĿһֱ͵͵һ
һڸڹ۲γǡ
γһԭīĳУŮкAˡ
γֻYʡʡУѾССѽ԰ۣǵȥAжأ
AD׶ȽŮũէһAĴУӦѧаԵԭŮѧҵǰ;ֲֻᣬȫƪˡ
ʵССǻˣͻŮˣеѣе·ˣԶֹԷչԡ
СĴڣӰ쵽˴С˵Ӱӡֵȡ
ԭӦô磬ССͬˡûܴССССҲԭľ飬ССԺ˷츲صĸı䣬˴ʱҲ˸ı
һ֪֪ж᲻ı䣬Կ֪ˡ
ĸˣֻһĬţķ粻ֹһ͵ϧûײһһΡ
֣ΰһ߿һһķ˵̬һĸŮķ磬ദģʽ
ķСС˵ССȫеһĳɼʱ֣ΰһ¡
ϵСѧԴȫɺسǡȣССຢӣô󣬹ƶûμӹӪ֪깬ܶӢſĿŸտʼ̡
ССԵһĳɼѹڼʮУ˽ãԴõѧȻ
֣ΰŵѧССһ۸ĸоѧҾܺãһͨͣССоͨǳ̿ĺӡ
֣ΰŸղڳվһĸŮĳ޴һͺ۵ĴţȻɾҲڲסϵζ䣬ĸŮ󱳰
Ϊԭ֣ΰڿССӱʱļðƷʵ͵ģ˺üٿǮ
֣ΰΪϲķ磬һĸŮģΪķ֧ʱˣȻĸŮøɾƯɲϲ
Ȼ֣ΰĸףķ˵Ҫٿǿǣ֣ΰֻΪķںߣֻܺ£֪òðԼһ֣ΰ֣ΰΪֻʱ⣬Χˣ˴˵ĸĸʶģҶϿɱ˴ˣһԡ
֣ΰѾķѣദʱ䣬ƵķһӦĸףϾܶ顢顣
ˣ֣ΰǼ򵥵һİ˵ĽǶȥһĸŮķδϹķɼҺĽǶȥԼӵĽȦ
СССȻ̿Ŭ˸Уͻ֪󾢴ڸܴ죬һũŮޣҲûʲôĸ޷ṩõԴƯδҲ˶֣ΰ̫ϲĸŮͺԼŵһ
Щ뷨֣ΰȻֱ˵ʦľûвͨʵģķ棬һģ
ֻΪαװòõζѾ
ķСС֮УѧĻѧССش˵ȻѧˣʦһԺ󵱸ѧʦѧɺˣ
֣ΰѿڶǻǱ˰ɣŮѧĺЩƵ˸У֪ȫŮѧöġ
⻰һ˶ˡ
֣ΰȫʵֻԼƫ˵񲻼ǵԼĿķ
ķ΢΢ü⻰ʵò٣Լͽʱ򣬶˺ܶࡣǼҳʦ뷨
ѧʱҲԼŮһѧѧƣһ֡ɡĸо
ԼӴѧ󣬲ŷЩжƫϴԡ
Ҳ˵ڲˮϣŮѧ£ŮռȵͣҲССһŮѧ˵ν̵ĸУγ㾭÷ĳˣŮѧԶûвˮ£ư࣬ŮҲ٣кܶŮһЩʦͼҳӰ£תȥѧġ
Ⲣ˭õ⣬ѡȴΪһЩʵȰӶʧȥѡһַĿܡ
ڴҶĬʱһƳ֣ΰ˵ѧѧҲ̲ء
֣ΰһ㶣ˣϽҲǲǣҾôһ˵Ҳô˵
˭˵ģһʡ
֣ΰƿԣ˭˵ģЩǿ

ССѧĻѧȤһûк֣ΰ˼ֻǵСС汻֣ΰ˵ƫ˼Ҫѧʲôķ磬ԺܱʲôѧרҵһԲãﶼǲסĶˡ
֣ΰоһѿķ磬ʶԷĶӣԺǱˡ
ķ粻ӦɫúѿŤȥ˫ֻأҧ
֣ΰһ֪ˣ˵һɵӣķΪɶ
ССǰղԣЩΣԼ˵ûٱǸ˵öԣҲˣָųĽ˵غһ
裬ôߵ¥ЩסŲ¥
֣ΰֻЦûЦһͻشССеݣۡٸߵ¥Ҳϰˡ
ķһЩˣŤͷȥСС졣
ǵķһͷһֲˡ


57 
ദģʽһֱĸŮת
ķǼŰģֻʱС꣬ڶСѧˡ
Űһ㣬˵øʲôһ˦СС
Щ곤Щ˿ȥԲ٣ССʱԴЦ̧ͷһЦӴһ겻ôһû䣿
һ˵ΪʲôҪ䡣
һܸãʼղ䣬ŻһûıĴ㣬սǼ꣬ϻһںˣҲƣ̬
ʵϸһ۽ǣϸƲ٣µĺۼǺϢҲйϵ
ô˵ķŤͷһʮͷŮֵ׳꣬ϼһĴţʲô׳ţп㣬ڵصĴ˺ֻΪһַ
ȣһͷͨģβ䵭һ˿ᣬһ統ķԼҿһʱģķǸһ
ΪĸŮһüʵ˵򳵣Ȼķ֣ΰгﲻ
ʱγץûôأγǵķչʵҲǸտʼ˽ҳԽԽ࣬ͨ΢һ˵С*أһЩǻҲضÿ£һĦгˣʱССڵ￴ֲɷýĿŵþѡ
Ϊ΢γķѸʻøȻ㱧Ůڸʻķںһһۺ˺
һССϳССͻķм䡣
СС˵λãϸС
ЩССѾһЩûеԼηηʣԸÿʳ࣬Ҫʲôֱ˵Ҵš
ôһԱȣһĬӣŮ
û취һֻм䡣
ķһֱߣȻ˶֣֣ΰĳҲʲôsuvͨĽγͣˣǻᰤš
챾Ҷ٣еİԸߣټ⼸ҲһЩŵĴķ촩һ¶ɫģ󷽷¶ͬʱҲ¶ֱۺһӵֱ۽š
ڿһֱ۵¶ã̫˰ŵĲλҲôķеһ˿ů
˶û˵ֻһĵʱķҪ΢ǰ㣬һʵ󿿡
أΪһ󿿣˫ȣķŤ˵ռ䣬ķȵԽռԽ󣬾һҲȻذһϥϡ
ķ練Ӧʱ򣬾һ£ȥһһޱ飬ķ翴ֱӶԷ۾
һһֱΪ˵ÿ׶ζвͬɫССͣ̽õͣɺʹ˽⵽ʲôģӶγԼֵۡۡۡ
ķͲһһоͣĵԴʵԴġ
ķᣬǳ¶âҰ־򣬾һʱ򣬶͸¶һڴӦִš
ִţЩô򡢲˱ңһСֲ̽Ϸִţһ˵ķʲôоᡣ
һȻ͹ķ硰ᡱĳ̶ȣڣȫûзԼȻ̵ǡ
һû֣ķ粻Ϲӡ
ϲƫϲһ޶һ䵭˶չ¶еЦʱķһϵ֣̲סЩʶжָֻűţп㲼ϣһĦ
һüͷ΢˶ķĶû
˵ʵЩһδĸоֻǱķӵĵطһƬëļ
緹ǻûԣΪ˵㣬ԵȽӵ㣬һ˲һȥԡ
ʲô˵ĻķҲۣϾγ졣ֻڳУʱʱ͵͵һһûע⵽ֻ֣ǲܡ
ļ죬ֻҪķ֣ΰ϶㶼˵Ĺϵ죬֣ΰܻķ翴ƺЩڡ
ǰССȥɽ뿴羰ǰ춼ھһ죬һȥ԰
е԰Ŀܶ࣬Ҳܶ࣬԰ŶӣҾ͵
Ʊˣ֣ΰչһѴţƱȫˡЩСֵ˼дˡ
ǮԼúŮ棬֣ΰ֣Ļˡ
㲻֪˵ɶεķ磬ǰѲ˵Ļסˡ
԰Сһ㣬˭˷ܣĿ棬ǸҲŶӣ԰СԻܶ࣬СŲۡ
СһҪŶɽһԶһԼ̫ϲ棬ɴ뿪ŶӶ飬˵ȥССŶϡ
˵꣬һͷҲ뿪˶飬滹㳶ɤӵĽкҲһҵҪ棡
һǣ˻ֱʾ֪ˡ
԰ܴҲγǵһƾ㣬ɽǾĿմ̼֮⣬ʲôתľȵȣȻĸֽĿݣΪĿ࣬οͣܶγǵСѧУﵱѡ㡣
СԵɽſͦԶŵ߹üĿŵһǵ·¾ҵˡ
Ϊֵգϵ̯λǰŶرࡣһŶϣȥ򿾳
鳤ɡȴࡣʱͣû֮ʮ˵ȣ̫ɡʱ򲢲ǷǳУ˶Űӻȷ磬Ҳûر˶Էɹгǿִ
һվڶβϵĶ飬ûиղŹɽĶ鳤ССӦܵȵһʹ
ôĶ飬һһһŶӵ˺٣ȺŶʱ졢ȷ磬ôѰ
ιһ֮ʣͻȻӱķ
ķһķ֣һһ¡
һôˣ
ķվһ󣬻һʱûˣȻ±˵ӡ
㰡ôĶ飬ŵʲôʱȥˣķüǰ˵һҲ̫ˣɣһţȻҹʱ࣬ȥ򿾳Ǿͬʱˡһӣ
һĿתضķ磬ķǿ򶨣ȥóӣʼȷ硣
һԲӣ磬һӣϵëܸܵˬͺķһʱĺӷһ
һܾãָķ磬صγǣ³Ϊĸ谮ķ磬ڲˮʱ鶯Щ
ڲˮķҪæһ߽һ߰ѧʦҪֵÿɿҳѧŻĹŸ׿չγǣķ˽飬صǸĸĹԹŮ£ƯǸĸŮеŮˡ
ˮķ磬γǵķ磬ĸʵأ
һܺ棬ֱʳ˿ڣãڲˮʵγǵʵ
ķԭЦݣסˣ£Ϊʲô⣿
һȻȻ˵棬ҿʱΪʲôġѹÿ춼𣿡
ķЦʧȷʵܿġӵ֪һҪγǵͺܿģ˷ܵ˯ž
ͬʱֺ£ԼĿĹԣ˿̽Ҹһܡ
ջγǻִͬӻͲķĶҹ͵͵õ̳֣ðӣһȥýûʲôĸΪ˱Ůȡ򣬲ϧ¥ɱиµģеĸĸĵֻ߸ŮһЩƫǰŮȥһЩµ֯ȡ
ķ粻˺Ҳ۰ԼĸĸѰȻҪǣ֪һǷһǰõĽ֣μӵĹޡ
һʣķÿһ춼ôʵǷ񶨵ġ
˲ÿ춼ģķ粻ĵԶԶġ
γǽ̸ʵɣѧʡرʵȵȶָ꣬ķ̵ѧ֮أеѹȻȳССѧ󣬵ķ粻ĵĲǽѧѧʵѹǺǰķʱ˵Ǿ仰
һķûһܾͶ̸еѧٲҲǳĹн׼Ŭ˲٣ͷҪϺôѧҲ٣ûһˣ񺫴ķӴɽקġ
ķ翴γǸп̿ŬѧϿǵŬҲ֪ԼЩѧ˵һʦΨһĺʦγǵʦʣ°ķ绻ߣҲЩѧʲôӰ졣
γǵѧΪķĵȥܵӰ죬ЩɽѧȴΪķĵӵССһγǿĻᡣ
ķͻȻĳĬһ񶮵˴𰸣ˣѡΪƵĻᣬܶûѡĻᡣ
Ҳ֪ķҡҡͷЩΣ㲻ĸǰ޵ܣҰΨһŮҸɼҺǾֻˡ
һɻͷÿ˶ԼһҴӲҪССһҰ󶨣᳤ԶȥⶼǺ¡ΪʲôҪԼڸĸߣɼˣԼļͥѵ㲻ɼңûԼ
ҳɼңķü
ǰ֣ΰѵǳŽȥģһ˵
ķɴۣæͣǣͬ£ҲҰѵĶӣҵĹҲְְæܵģҸĸ
Խ˵棬ķԽСʲôĸʲôȻŮ
һҡҡͷѡġ
˵꣬һķ磬̧ͷǰŲĶ飬ϡ


58 Ŷ
ķӣ˼˦˦ͷָһ˲ټղŵĻ⡣
һ˵ķȴ˵Ļһڲˮһɲ䣬ķγǵȴḻʡ
ķһ˵£˵ڸеε£ͥ飬ķӣһ׮׮һһ˵ķ羹úࡣ
ķڲˮǼ̸꣬˶󣬶ҲγǱˣŵԡķ粻ͬ겻飬ѡ뵱Ա
ɣһȣķ練ĸȥ½˼Ϊ൱档
ʱķûγûãﱾֻһ׷һסȫˡΪ飬ļҸĸ֮ǰĴӣСӣǮ꣬鷿
Ŀǰļ׷ĻͣΪҪԺӸϻڶ飬ѡγǵһļҸĸƽʱչļҸĸķæ
ĸ֣ΰѾ׼÷ˣʱķ޹ȥֱסھסڵķӣʡ
ķǰǺһúصҷָĸˡĸϣ޵úãֻѷӸ˸磬ԼȴֻȥδϹס
ķΪ˶ŮӦòŮСʱְǺ
ǵķʣԺô죬ҲҪ·˼ĸͻЦ˵Ŭ꣬ȡǰеĴķ硣
ķİͶСˣŰϵƺʹֲڵƤôΪҪ򷿾ͰϵǮȫó
ķһ˵Щ󣬵óۡ
ʱ϶Ѿֵһ㼸ȵζʱϻûкôڣƿװܷģʲôXXXֵȵȣγǱƷƵϡ
ССζϣСţֻ̣ϧһ֮ǰѹûȹţ̡
㰮һϣŮϲֻ̡ķ磬ϲ̼ϡ
ķӹĿ֣һܰÿϲʲôסҲĿζסˣ㣬ķѾֱꡣ
԰ĿǲƿװģϰæһԼùӸ˸Ǻִӹ̨˸ܲٵݸķ硣
ƿıֱּǿѽҩݿֵˡ
ϺͿСԣɿϻعɽĶ顣
㼸Ѿŵſˣһæִ󺰣ߣ
֣ΰڵȵķղķһ뿪̾Ҫһ飬֣ΰȻ˼㼸ֲ졣
ķ簴ס˵ɽȥһ˼Ķ͵ð֣ΰŸӡ
֣ΰһˢøУֻӦ£ʵʵŶӵķ
ɽĶһֱܶˣһʱŶӻβͣʮӹȥˣǺò׿ŵˣǺĶȴԽԽ
һķհСԵݹȥһǡ
̫ãٻ͵ͬڲӡ
һҲ棬˵ٽˣɣõŵǣʳû꣬Ҹš
һô˵ķŤͷһۡ
ŭһ˫ۣ˭Ҳһʮӣôأֻܽ飬ҿ˭˵ӣ
ر𻤶̣ʱֱҲ׳
֣ΰεվţøִµøվһܶķʹɫС磬Ҹš
ķ粻֣ΰ˵ĻᣬͻȻ֣ץסһ󣬴ϵ㲻̫ðɣ滹ǽ㣬ֲ֪ǰôãҪǺ˭ìˣҲˡҪҺһţ棬ôϵɶûãǷϣþ˲ǡ
֣ΰˣôأС磬ҸźˣҪˣӸɶ
ķݵؽͣҪһһŶӣҲû㡣һ˿СΰͰæЩһ˿һ
˵꣬ķҲ֣ΰ۵ʱ䣬ץһͳ˶֮⡣
֣ΰɫÿ˵ķ磬һһŶӣǿһͺķһŶˡ
ķѾߵ֮⣬һŶӶΧϣȥٽͻ˵ӡҪķһ֣ΰԼ߳ȥλþͻᱻռˡ
һͷķץֻ֣ʱʱֵϸƤصİɫѪ˱ﱻɫ
ԭһ˵־ȻҪƯһ룬ķ˫ֳڽ̨ϻڰϣһػؽ⿪ѧһ⡣
ķӿʼץһܡٵ㹻Զȴûз֡ץһλãƣץǣ
һû˵ûоܾûѣķľսǣֱɰϲǣ֡
ûȶã㼸˾Ѿŵڴ˸ϽѰɶĽӹȻߵβŶӡ
һԹ޵֣ΰֻĲ鲻Ըظ㼸Ƚȥɽ
֣ΰǵһ˹ɽķڶˣͲӣȫ˸ղԼﰵԱ㲻˲ӡ
֣ΰɽѾ˫ȷһ·߳ûߵͰԱߣѾʼ¡
ɽ˵Ĳֻٶȣи߶ȣдϵ¼ٶȴǿҵʧظУʧصĸоθ﷭ڡ
֣ΰúССݹֽ˲죬Ťͷȥķ磬ͼķ翴µģ¶һ˿ı顣
˵ʵķ粻̫ϲӣĬ֣ΰǧҪ
ķǱ飬žͲģ֣ΰûվķ֮ʱһѰס֣ΰļԼСȥűĶ飬С濨ˡ
ò˵СʹõõһשҪᡣ
֣ΰ˫Ҳûץˡ
һŤͷķ磬ķôһɵӣʣ㲻ϲ֣ΰ
һ˵⻰ʱĿ϶ǰ˵ķ粻ϲܺʱһģһ
ʱķ绹һ˵ֱףЩ˼ڣķ羹Ȼһ⻰ʮ˳
԰û취߳Ĺϵֲܲӡ
һѣӣֻΪ顣
ʲô˼ķüʡ
һԼΰԭ˾£ܽһΪĹɣֻҪ㲻ȷؾܾͻΪҲϲȷؾܾڶԷҲпܻӭ
ķ硰һڰɣΰӦòô
ݴķе벻һӻˣ
һֻĬĬؿķ磬ûʲô飬ķȴӶԷƶһ仰Լ𣿡
ķ粻֣ΰŶӵʱһЩһˮСѧı仯ֹССпɼĺˣԼݴһѧڵѧ
һССܴˮСѧˮƽķһǶ֪࣬ԼЩŬûмЧ
Ȼǿ϶ģӴͷб乤ϰʣˮСѧչ൱
٣ˮСѧ˶Զˮ򸽽󲿷·Ҳ޵òˣлеػ߷úã񺫴ССһΪּͥԭûĺѾˡ
ķ˿ţһᵽɤۡ
ƵĹǰһ໹δͣµο͵ļУڴǳġ֪ķ绹ûϹɽѾʼЩֽŷ顣
һͷķǣɿˣŵá
ǣ֡ӵܽӴܸ˴οãССѹʱ򣬻Ѱһӵͺһֱܵĸο
ǣһǣķ֡ķСǣƲͬһԼָǶķָ죬֮ʮָۡ
ǣøȣɿ
ķɴۣŤͷŵؿһϲͺ߾󻯵ı֣µͷ·ڷ̵Ķ䡣


59 
ԱһӴɰǧοͣһľսһˣҲֻǵ˵˾䣺ϵðȫעֲҪȥܺԼƷ
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ȻֻһһɣҲøˡһϲ棬ɽ˵û˵ҪȥŶӣֻòӶѣ˭룬ķ羹ȻȥŶˡ
ķųҪûߣڹɽϾ͵ιȥǣһ²ϲ棬ҲһԸŶӡ
һʩİȫԳֻ̬ȣ԰ȥտ԰D׼ңγһģ԰԰֮ǰ󲿷γǱص԰ֻܽй԰
豸ʩ£һȥһ鰲ȫΡȵȣʱûз𻵻ص
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Ȼͷĳٺǰһ£Űķĸ
ͻȻķǰһֻ֡
ɻֶȽϴֲڣǴ컹ϴ·֣ϴ·ۻϴõϴྫȽ֣һֲķһЩ˪ñ˭ڡ
ķ粢ֲִֻڣ쳣ġ
һϣŤͷķ磬ŶԷַȥ
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һ֪ߡ
ĦοͻŻ٩һ˲䱻ͣķֻõһ˵Լߡ
ķ˵ʱڻ㽹飬ڱҵǰѵףǰ֮䣬ѹûνİڡ
ʱڵķ˵ĸĸϣһҸļͥѰҰ顣
ͣķͲΪǸҪĶԵζȫ
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һǣɽķĺ£ȴڹɽﶥˣµʱŤͷƳһƽһͬʱԼϲ˾ߣøˡ
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Ҳľ˼ΪǴ˵ԼСŮ˶磬ĲýҪﵽޡ
󣬵ڶһĸŮҪزˮĸŮҲҪһزˮȼ١˳㻹ҪһһССѧɶģףССȫеһ
㻹ӦССҪǿϺôѧҪһССʲôԸ㡣
һҲСС߻ˣһ굽ͷҲٻСС漸ڣƽССһƽӵӣżɿģô׹߻
һγǴһ죬γǵҹḻʣϼȥտȾߣһֱ賿СŰòУⳡվҪɢˡ
֣ΰҲ˿ܰ⼸ߣ˵òˡ
ͻؾƵ֣꣬ΰҪķ磬ķؼҡ
һʲôҲû˵㵹ķ磬СеҪǲ˵ؾƵĻ죬ߣٸ⳵
ķҡҡͷ̫鷳ˣҰҲ绰ˣһǸϽȥȽϺá
ķҵ𣬾֣ΰ뿪
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һվԭأƺżȥֻվھƵſڣĬĬĿķ뿪
ķüΣתȥסˡ
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ͻȻͳĬˣ˵ޣΰһأǲˣ㿪עⰲȫԿС紧أɶʱУС㣬ǳ
ķܲϲ֣ΰôκͷģָоȲʣͺ˶ʮ꣬ͻȻðһ֣ΰеκͰ
û֣ΰ֮ǰķ繤ʲôԼ֧̼꣬˴绰ҲûĹֵܼܲȥ
֣ΰͻȻͱʲôᣬʲô˵˿°Ͱ֣ΰѧУҲ֣ΰտ棬ҲҪ֣ΰͬչˡ
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֣ΰķô˵ʱĻŭţȥ·ñڹ껹
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ķ翴ڤ粻ӣپͷ󣺡ҲΪһ˶Һþϲ϶ԷҺһܻκϲҵ˶ҺáǲһˣҸһѹܴ󣬺ۣǸܺõˣǲʣһʵˡ
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ķҡҡͷҲ֪֡裬Ҫ˵
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һһ˳ȥһڣÿҲűͬеڲˮѾֵĵز
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о仰һĲ죬ҫҸַƢָź۸źĶ裬Ҫûź죬ֻ׷衣
һ뵽裬һԱǰһֺõİŮˣͱү̹߻ҫûʲôȫۣҲ£Ȼź칩Թź졣
ΪˣҫͲõĳɼΪͥ⵼ѧɼеһ·סССпȫеһÿоˮСûгɼҪ󣬲Ȼжˡ
СѧʦҫﶼϾԼѧֱ˵Ҫ˵к󾢶ܽҲֱ˵Ҫ˵úö
Լûʶʦ˵ĺ󾢴˵ԼıԺйδźȴòС
СѧҵͿţҫżﲻһŵļôܱ
źΪºԼ˳⺢ٹȥԺְ߶ϣܱܲҵ˵
źܾԼԼΰǾ͸ΪԼΰѰźãѶӽãȻ˸˵ˡ
ǣҫܽ̾ˣԼڻǲ̨类ʦҳȥ̸棬ѧҫؼҪʼѵȻͱ۰ӵү̸סʹĿ̱ĲۣҪִ
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˶ԼãиôŮԼ˱Ϻǵ⣬ŴҵĴ͹άССǳӡȴССŮޣʲôá
ǣԼΰź᲻Ǯҫʲôϰ࣬Ϊ룬ֱÿȫеһĽһµܵܲˣʡǮҽܵѧϰɼǲ쾭ѧϰôΨһþǸܸܵ
Լΰһ¥ײһĸŮȥγˣһüûˣֻ뿪
ʼһϣҪ㣬ʱš
ȰһĪҪԼǰôССģɱˡ
һȻֻ룬´Լΰʱñⵣ˺ߡ


60 ĸŮ
ڲˮھʹӻGʡˣԼΰҲǵߺҵһ̸¾ССҫΣôôܲһѵܵء
һѾȨССССŤͷˣõı飬ֱһһģһ
ԼΰԱһڶ⣬ƿĲ˵áŵš죬Լΰûҵˣᡣ
Լΰ޹ְζƵһȥȥ͸˵һССײϣԺĸŮǶʬ
Դﲻģѵġҽʦɲô׷ŹˣԼΰ˵Ҫ͵ȥӲĲġ
ɺãձûź죬ԼȰϹȥǰޣֺ̣Լ˴һܡ
һҪԴԴۣһһˡ
ˡһŵòᣬǼпżоȻ
ϵҺͼҾ߳Ƕ¥ҲͿӵľ룬ð̧ȥҲͶʮӲҪȾȻ˰Сʱ
ԼΰźæȥԴҫԭأԴүղ˳ߵ¥ȥڻ¥³麵ء
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ԼΰĺźһܣǵúԴﳳԴз
Լΰź쳳֮ź˵ҪʰңԼΰͻˡ
ԭԼΰź죬Ǹʣũ嵽ϣӺù࣬ºˣ̱ˣҪҩҪźһ׮׮һ벻Ǯˡ
ʱҪźٺ˻飬źˣˣΪᣬǸϲĵҲǸչ˵ģô죿
ǣԼΰֻþֺź죬ӦⱲٲȥһĸŮΥС
ˣһĸŮӵ徻ˡ
Լΰź·չϽҲźܡΪź쿴ľģѲҫڵϴ򣬲߹Ǵϡ
Դ̱ڴϣĿѣ޲÷´ԼӰ
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ȻźţԴԴ̱󣬼ûһİҫǰǼСʵۣ˭ҴǰԴﶼƴֶٴ
һ̱Ҳ˻飬û˻װֺͺ趼ֻչãܲסôһҹ֮䣬ͱǰССһܾͿ
СССֻﳤϰˣҲųˣҷҫǴϵ£̡
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ԼΰССĸŮӶùܶࡣ
ССٺһͬȥбĸŮһسȥеĳƱ
ΪԶһССסУסУÿѧס޷ѣССĽѧ𹻽ס޺ѧѣһÿ»˰ٿѣССԭĻҪࡣ
Ҳܼ򵥣ڷҪԺúȺãƽһԼССԣӪ⻹ˣȥѧУеһжҪǮʳȲ˵òóԣɲɾÿѧУûġⷽ棬һ㣬һ֣Լ򵥵ʣµĶСС
ССһİ˰ٿǮø
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һͷţҲòôǮҪ֮͵ҽģ㳤ˣٻҡ
ССϵĳһƹЦУ۾ͰеϢ㡣
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СС֣һ̴ҶˣҿɲʮСѾͷ
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ССܾһ̴һҲܾССΪССҪ̴һ߹еĸĸŮһԵɬӿͷ
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׷ʳҹǰϷűݣ꿪ʼЩ˺ܶ࣬Ҫһû¸ɣҲ̯
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ĸŮڳϿӣһʼ¥ʱģʱԻһˡ
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һƳһۣ軹裿㻹ˡ
ССŹӣһ˭㲻ʡġ
һƳССǸСװ˵̾ʼɻôСˣʼˣôһԱȣǰССʲôģɰˡ
ĸŮû㿪ģһȹĲ֪ڼͷССʮǰȹÿһڶġ
ССʮԪûҪУû취ڸѹ󣬻еѧǳſѧȥģѧҵѹúܡССԼ꼶Ļ࣬ȫŵ츳Ŭѧһȱ
ĽѧȫǵģССҲ䡣ȫеһȻҲǻȫУһĳɼģ˶ڶһũ庢ӵеļӰ࣬һȱ츳ȱŬԴСͱõѧ᲻ܵ᲻˳ɼ½
ܿϧЩ˵ˣһѧڣССȫУһȷû¿κʦεԴ֪νӪԺʲôֻһɲѧϰһɲؿɹڱ˹ɰһŬƸ츳ʱ˿ԼΪѧϰþȫ
֮ǰССĵĲԼֿƺѧУٱĿƿĿ˺ȵͬѧĵǣϳ衣
һδε뿪ķ뿪СС뿪һϲָоȥ
ǣһڻصʱĵ绰ͻȻˡ


61 
绰Ƕ˴ϤŮһҡ
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͸ĸ̸һֱ峿΢սŽһϣķ̹Լ룬Լȡ򣬸ĸǽģҪˣķǰЩһѧЩµøĸֱ
ķѾǸձҵСˣ֧ʲôûĸһЩϬԴǣڿº͡
˰뱲ڣһҹʱ䣬·ࡣ֪Ȱķ磬ֻܸķ磬ѡ·ǲҲδֵܳͬˣңķһϯ֮ء
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Ҳ˿ĸȻΪġѹѣΪǰи磬ɼ˻кӣĸû취¶ӣѰ
ķҲ˺ļҵĹϵ㣬סȥˣǾǸĸϵķӣһ׷ǸģĸҲû׼ӡ
ԣķ뵽һ
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ķԤԼپܴճƵļǰ绰һһ߲סⷿˡ
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СʦѾ꣬ʱķ磬ķγǽ̸УѲʼ»Сʦı⡣
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ǲˮܱߵһЩɴڱȽϱĻеĵطͨ·ǹĴ·һˮ¶С·
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ְǱߺȱʦķСʦ˵𣬲֪ġСʦڽ黹˺ӣȥְСѧķˣ˵˺ķʾȥ
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ǣķǰûгСʱҾסѧУԱߣ·͹ȥˣô󣬶ҪôĳͣҪôСʱгˤһֱгϲ
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Ϊѧгķ绹λáʦ
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һ֣صصͷ·ʲôشãͬѧ


62 
ʵѧгķ˵ѣǽģܲã෴ܺܺãȻǰ߷ôƫƧɽ壬һЩɽڰɽûϲȥ
ңһһķ̵ġɼķ˶츳ҪСʱﳵˤӰЩŲ
Եһķﳵʱһķ磬ںųķֻǰžˡ
ķɻؿҵſô죿
һԴǿ϶˵Ҹϣ㲻𣿡
ķһһʮˣŮƽı飬Ⱦķ磬ĺҲЦ˵ţһֱ㡣
źΣЩͬĴʡһĴʻķ˵ΣָЩ
űһгķ磬Ѻ󱳽һޱΣһ޾ķ磬һǰƮɵĳɢһıǼ䡣
죬ķѧһֱµгһѧδ˵ĳɾͺ㡣
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ʲôпܻ룬밡ʲôܡʦ˾϶ѽǿľͷˡ


63 ϲ
ķͻˣСС뿪֪ǲΪһ˵ķ磬˵ĹϵԴ꣬˵ܡ
ѧÿķﳵȥϿΣﳵһæĻȥڵķ硣
ϰһ°ССͶˣѧҵӽţΪ˽ʡʱѧϰټϼסķ磬ȥʡúһһŴ
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һüͬѧ̸ˣ̸𣿡
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һûкӣķƭԼ˵һһδԼȡŮͬһ飬ǲų˵ġ
ʱķ˵ԼͬҪ򵥵˼붷ѹûϵͬ⣬˻иѡ˫ȵȡ
ķϢʱչĿ࣬òԼģȴȥȷһġ
ʵϣһѹҲûġʲôϲǻ᲻ȥķ磬ķʲôǷҪķ粻ССΪʲôķ磿
һȥһδʲôϲССӴ˺£ڽȥϲȥֻЩϲͰƫںԹҹС
ССľǿһͬһϾĸŮ󶼾һȥˣϲд飬ϽΣͱνȥ칫̸òޣҥˣҲСС浽ʦȥ
ССʹиֱ򣬲дĸɾŮССİѶԷ׵ͱʦȥԷԡȰѧķʽίܾûи֪ʦ
һķӰ죬ССŮһ㲻ţܾҲȾܾίίľֻܾǸŮ⡣
˻ѵλãϵЩϾССѧУΪѣڱտС˵ѧУУݵѡ
ССǻеȫУһͬʱҲǸ׿ԵȫʡһѧУָССס߿ƣץӰССѧϰҳ̸
ֻYʡ֮бȽϳɫһУڻ֮ϣγʡУԼʡ⼸УǻõĸУȴYʡõģпȫеһǳ߿ͨȫʡģĳɼ㲻ʡ״Ԫָ
ѧУ˽ѧУõһǣҳȨѧУСѧУȨԹٷѹסѧͼҳ̸ѧǶ֪ѧУССľġ
˵ССȫʡһѧУжŬ˵꼶иѧʳúȾƺȵθѪֵȫУ֪ˣѧУֶûҸµλŸ߿
߿ѹνССĿļÿѹʱ򣬾͸һ绰
ʦͬѧͬǣ˶ССYʡ״ԪֻһϣССӳԼˮƽԺԼھС
һСС߿뿪ɽĻᣬ˵뿼϶ôĴѧ߳ȥССƽӹƾԼı¿רơͨƣܽ߳ɽ
һҪСС120ֻ֣ҪССƾԼŬ80־͹ˡ
ССİϣȫǼǻ츳ãԴãб·ͨʽͣѧǵļҳɿظ߿ɻʩ൱ѹԼĺӣ·ԼλԽߣӵĳɼͱǵĵλһ㡣
߿ǰСС˰ϳɼãѹСˣÿҲƵˢ⣬ոһյԼĸϰߡ
ãŮб򣡡
ûоܾͬԵĸףǸͬ׷߱ܵ
ǸŮˣ֮䲻дꡣ
ô죿
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ᱻʶеİɣ
ᣬֻ飬ԭ


64 
ղˮоû࣬ϾСôྯΪʲôһ¥ϵ˵ˡ
ǰܺ˸˳˼ңҲٵķ磬Ҳû˺һԶϾǽַġ
˵ˣֺ٣ΪǮġ
Ͽ˼Ҹʳ꣬ǰǵ棬ңٷӺȥʰŵʱɱˣѵֵֽǮĶȫˣӵĽָûŹ
޶Ҳˣʮüһ丱ʳ˺ӣ򹤣ӵݵ绰ʱҪ˾ܻĸɥ
⻹ģø޷ĵǣɱٵ֣С
ֶκͼޣټϰʱûκ֪ǵڶʳðûӦŷַ޶Ѿˡ
ˮļͷΪ㣬Ҳ֮Ϊˮ˺ü·ڵļͷ
ûֵýίȥ֪ͨÿ˼ңһҪŴûץ֮ǰҪ߾衣
ʵܶ࣬ʱ鼼кܶసӣҪȵʮʮ󣬼չ˲ͨǰDNAϢץסˡ
ԭڲˮµڶɱ˰ʱűץסһλǻڲˮ򷸰ôһҪ׼ˡ
ٽ߿ССæ˲ڲˮһҲûҪⶣССϾעⰲȫǲˮϵľ
֪ΪʲôһֲõԤУԴϴ޸ֲ֣СС˾ǰ󣬺û˱Ķ
˾ºû̫Ӱ죬ɶССΪһþֻ֣ᵽѧŻطꡣССԭȫһֻһ֮Եȫ֮Ժ԰һ㶼ð
СС޸ֵӦˣ޸ⶼ̣
һΪ޸ڱСǣȻûкССἰӵİӣнССѧУעⰲȫӽһ·Ҳͬѧ顣
Լȡȥҹа̯ĹÿԼ˵ǵԵģȥķ硣
һķҲˣ⼸쾡ؼң˽ߣһķ磬ķûô¡ϻʱŴõͬʱһ˼򵥵ıװãλͷ±˵ߡ
һü죬ˮľǶû˯ãһʱ˵һЩټٵϢ˭˭˭ҹϲоҹվŸˡ
Щ׽Ӱ֪ٵϢòˮľǸľս
һȥ裬մɴǶ֣ķҹϲµúܣСһ֣һ;ǳķȥ¥ͷĹ޽
ʱǷһҵǿŵġһļԺãǵãǰǹŵġ
˵ûһؼңȥ¥
ÿҹϵ㲻Ϲӽѣɨ㡢һ¥
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һüķ˵ҿ϶ǹŵġ
֮ǣ粻ܴš
ķ̾ҵȻ㣬Ҳ˭ǼŹ⣬ƿûֵǮģûžˡ
Ҳ˵С͵ָ˼Ҿֻ·һۡ
һֱӸķ˵ʲô޸֡ŮϵͳԷ϶ţҲⲻˣֻա
ļ࣬¥һƬƽֻһüĴ꣬ˢ¥ȵשΧʲô¶ûһأ˾ͷɾˡ
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һ񱻽Щӵٰߣȫûע⵽⼸յĴꡣ
סһŴ⿴ߡ
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һǰķȥҰӣĺҰرߣĦгӶݽ
Ħгݽķгأ
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·ߣһйȥʮӡ
ԽԽ·ڵʱ򣬾ͷֲԾˡ
·ΧһˣдģҲͷġðŴվ·ڣһ˳ǿķ򿴹ȥʱֻͭǽڰĴɽͱɽ졣
һ֪Լʲôյһθܵ䣬Ǳʪ䣬һֶѪҺĺ䡣
·ڵʱһסˣǸԮԱ;졣
㲻ܹȥǱɽ廬£֪᲻ֿһΡ
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һ¥¥£ο˼䣬ת뿪ˡ
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Ӧ뵽ģӦöһȥЩȻṊ̀ϵͳ̫ˣŻᱻ޸ֶС
һֻʶߵ˼ſڡ
ǰţ·˿Ȼǹϵģһɿ򿪹ĺۼ
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ϾǸʳģĵ߷ĶһúܡˣûκοԹһĹߡ
һ߽ȥʱžͱźŵ˹ϡ
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ȫľֲʮ꣬һֱһ궼ľ֧ﰸһôáһ
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ðűҷ֣󺰴˵ķգҲҪһ
Ŀ꣬Ǯҡһޱؿˡ
ҧСֹˣô죿
ʲôô죿ɱɱˣľԭɱ˷ֲʲô
ͬһԺֻüǰ²Ǳԭס񣬶ǸԭסϵߣԻӦ󶨵ϵͳ
ִ䣬һѾܾûˣ̭кЩˣûߣԭˡ
޸̲סˣڳˡΪʲôɱΪɱŮûôףŮڹϸѧУΧͬѧʦ޴֡
һסССɱ֤˼Լķİȫȴû뵽ǳ˲
ͷһᣬߣɱҿ⣬ССٿܶ˲ȤΪʲôҪķ磿
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һĬߺϵϵͳûм⵽һĴڣԺ˵Ľⲻ֪һҲϵͳܼ⵽ܽźŲߺϵͳĻȫ
ɱΪ˷ֹŮĽ̵ϡ·ķΪŮܴ롣
ٷϻҲ˵ʲôǮǰ߻ûзһԭĻֻһؽһǮ
ŭĺǡ顱ļľ졣
Ȼһ»Ƭ̣¥¥¾ͣһʱͲͨ˱绰ϵĵ绰һĵ£ˤڵϣʾͨеҳ档
Ѹٳ룬ԭɱ˷ӦصԼ壬ͱŶľ찴ڵء
һѪУĿڵϵɱ˷ģôأֻҪоƬһֱš
ǣһţķأ
һ̤ţҲܻɱ˷п֮زز߲߲ץвССĻᡣ
ؼǣһ
Ϊֻеһķȥܾķ磬ϵͳݡ
СڱȥͻȥߣԭҲǸСԭס֮еߣᱻѡгΪߣǧ񣬼ʹҲֻСϵͳдϣ
ϲķ磬ɹ01ϵͳϵͳܸΪ񡣡


65 
һĺģѶ¥ھ֪Ȼ߾һҵļݣԶGʡŮССٽ߿룬ûСС֪ĸ߿֪ͨ
߿ҲǼý嶼ѾѲˮɱʯˡССѧУıֽϿˮʱܵģԼüû绰ӦҪඣ輸䡣
ССҴ绰ʱ򣬰
֪һѶСС磬ԶGʡҲ˻ƱγǣȻתزˮ
СС̻ؼңȴֻܿͼﱻɨӣѪѾɨɾζССͻ﷢ʲô
æŰοССҺԼæŷһŲء
Ůżĸǵһ˳λ̳ˣ˵ССҫҰ趼ܹһŲû£ĸƽ֡
ԼҵȻǰҫܶõǮһ㡣
һֶãССˣֻϽ£󲻵ðʦŲ͸Ҷ˵㡣
һĸŮϾһСϣûǮ˶֪ɲܸɵúãǮ˵һͬʱ룬˵ꡢҹ̯в÷̣һ˵ʹãƽССúȫ˳ԴסеĿһԼûбĻʡʡһĴȻʮ顣
ŲȫƽֵģʦССֻһһ໤ˣԺҪѣԼΰҪǲѣûССֵһ룬Ҳ飬ʣµԼҺҷˡ
СССҪҼ໤ˣ·ʮˣѾǸˣȲְ֣Ҳ⹫š
ȻҶǮСС˭ҲȰԼȥGʡԺļҾļҡ
ССȻ㣬ҲֻзڻGʡļңGʡĴѧѡ
һķΪѪû˸⣬ű˳֡㻨ǮˣԷССˣԻȻⷿӳҲʮ򲻵Ҳס˲ΪСС죬˼־򷿣̰ССǼ飿
ССĸ߿ɼѧУǰ֪Ѿ˺ʼꡣ
ȻССȫеһYʡ״Ԫöýɷӵ˿е֪ССĸڲǰɱ˰Ǿһ㣬ʼ
ССĳҾĸȵȹýǳһɷöӣһµŲԼѧУ͵ֱļǮȥGʡ
ҲΪССȥûѡȥ׶A󣬶ѡGʡMʡCۺȻA󣬵ѧCҽѧרҵȴȫһ
ССȫƫ˾ߣѹûȥAֱӴطꡣһһһⱲӲĻûĿܡ
޸ֱɵֶȴûŤתƣССûԭߣΪȲӰС緢չʶ֣߱һ¹ʡ
ڱֽͨƪɱ˰״ԪıУֻкСһ飬ᵽĳƫԶСʯλʦ
Ϊɱ˰״ԪȶȸǹʯķĸĸûССýΧ׷½أյ֪ͨʱ򣬲һֱιȥ
ķĸ翪Ŷˮһķȥ
ԺļҺССҲûκϵ֮ϵķһһߣұܵĹϵ䵭
ķĸĸʰŮʱ򣬷һš
ǲ𿪿֮ûýյǽżĸСС
ķڷֱ֮һдģһûҼĳȥţһ˵һЩһЩԼģҽܵĻ
ССղţźһͬһȻһ档
ߵʱƽǵ˿ڣԾɻ°̺ۡ
ЩŲˣȴþͻ֡
ҫССܱԼµŲԼǮҲΪΪǮ
źҫݰѷֵǮõ֣תͷѴƾһɶ
Լΰ֪ʹźһǮźԼΰ˵һҳסģңȻе
źֱвԼΰҪٸˣȥùãùÿԼΰ֣һӺȥ
ԼΰǿѹŭȰתͷȥұá
Ǹʵʶüˣֻźһֱ֪ÿԼΰ˵ڳҹ࣬ʵȥǶ档
⼸׷ʳ·Ϊ۵ⱻˣƺҪͣҵıĳ·źҲԽԽͷԽԽƵ
ԼΰҲϹģϹ⼸˴ǮҲЩԼΰˣԼΰǶҹһ󣬺ȵƾԼΰؼȥ
ԼΰһˤţüҳòϣӱȽϽһĦгÿĦгء
ȶ˾ƣﳵʱŶȲţźü£ԽԽ꣬ټϺ˾ƣͷתĦгûȣٶ̫죬ڻϵһ·ϣղײ·ߵˮˡ
ǰҹˤˮģֱڶ˷ˮˣһ˶͸ˡ
ԼΰɶźǸ൱ĴԼô꣬ͼԼΰϴ˵ԼΰһźܲԼˣ̸ߡ
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˿϶ֲźģźһֱû˵ѷ͸ǣֻĬסźҪˣż̻æ
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Դүధźҫ£ϾҲҫô裬ѵûһ
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͵ǮˣСɳҲֻǶأȥû飬ȻȥѧУһЩСѧСѧ㻨Ǯ
˼ҼҳţԼΰ˵汩ҫһûУźǮ¡źãԼҫµ飬ֱӦõġ
Լֻܻشɽ壬˰ɽʱ⣬˼Ҷ˵Ǽϸ֦ˣˤص
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±˾ҲûɶãԴûɶ⣬û˸ԩΨһԴүԴүȵʱǩͬ飬ԴүҲûΪֻع
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ҫûϣʮ꣬Ҳûи˵ѧͽͺүүһԲԴүԶٺõģ⣬ûǮҫ
ҫҪǮҫͼˣ˵Լֵ֮飬Ǯأ
ԴүȻ˵źȥˣźԼΰΪǮܵʱҫ֪顣
ԴүԼԼ˸һСƿƣζһ¡ҫ£ҪҪʮǮͨ
үڴʮϳòɿҫó˰Ѳ˵׵ӽ쵶ӳԴүڳϦҹﵹѪУۿԼѪ磬ȶ
ҫ䵹ҳֵǮĶԼԴүµļٿǮȻҹɫ·ˡ
ϾûӴܾ飬ûһͨʱxiduԱѵӷˡ
˿е֪Լҵ£ͬʱúãԼ˶ССж಻ãһСС˵ҫҲ˼ΣһӶССزˮ򡣶ҲûסGʡֻҪȥҫССⱲӶûн
СС˻ȥգҲûȥԺССΪССһ


66 ˼
һΪϵͳķ꣬žķ磬ڱ073ɢ
ǣһѾ̭ϵͳķһݲ¼޸ֵնбֵĿܡ
ԣһķ󣬸ķ磺ˣԺҰ󶨣ֻҪɸСҿһԸ
ڵϵͳʱ˵ǣ˺ϵͳµƭ߰󶨵˵ҲԽԽڣһӣûԭϵͳ̫ϾˣǿþͲˣ¸ˡ
ΪϵͳһǺ޸Ůе073ԭȫһ
֪Ϊʲôķеȴ쳣ģͺ˵Ϥ
ѾˣǳҲⲻ˵ʯУһ˵ʵһԸʱķץס˺еһľһ˼ͬ˰󶨡
ȥᣬкöû꣬кܶںûмһ棬ҵˣѣˣδ˵ڵİô
ԣķԸǣ073縴ػһ顣
˵ʵһ޸ֵݣ޸ֺʶĹϵȨŵķ073縴ġĿǰΪķ겻ɢֻ˵Ҿ
Ϊķ˰һѡ
ϵͳôشķЦһãϣҲܲҪҵΪ
һкܶںˣһʧˣϲ
һĬˣķ֪ͬһϣҲˡķ縴ص073磬Ҳһ
һһθоѹἰԼ˭ҲҸķص073Ҳ
ķ絹ֹͦ۵ģԼ֮˺˵ֱ̫ˣڵûʵ壬Լ嶼֪һʶ壬Լ̬ڣѾˡ
ʲô˵ɡķȲҪȥںˡ
һķݲ¼޸֣ķѹûʲôһԼķķ񣬺ķиĿꡣ
ܼ򵥣ţȥ֧ǰŮѡ
Ů˭ķһ£ʲôŮݵأ
ʱԻ֪
˵꣬һͺķһһ硣
һ޸ֲķĴڣԶķļ˷棬ǰҲ֪ķ磬ԲŻСȥ񲻻ۿɼľ֣һӡķԺڴСȱ˸ȥ
ҲΪķԸСԭԸһķ̥һѾСΪһ塣
ԼҪ֤ķǰֲֻܾԼСһ֣ܱ֤ķ绹һԻ
ķһͶ磬һͶʱʶܿƵؽһǣԼѡģǵʱ£ױռһǡ
۵ʱվһլ⣬ǰĻưͷС㣿С㣿˵Ĺ˼ҴԺˣһ֡
һݵشһСɰҳֽңݸ򣬵˵㡣
˵ͷллС㡣
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Ϊԭϼҷսңԭ׵ȫϵϹ˼үԭһǮ߱ѡ
˵ǱѣʵԭڵռϼѾǴȥԭҲ
ҲˣԭŹһ˼ұѡ˼ں
ϧͿϧڣԭԭŮ
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67 
ⲻ֪ؽƳһһۣ˶λʱŮѧĵһӡ
üᣬЦůˣ˭˵ǶЦ΢Цһ㣬ˡᷳ
һۣرһ˴һΡ
ʵȻһǵڶΣι龫֣˼кܶ࣬һ֪ڼܾ谮Ǵ̫̫ΨһŮҲǹүһŮܾ谮Ψһͬãڹ˼ҵĵλȻߡ
ʱѧ˼룬˼ҴԺӹŴڵĴ壬Ͽѧǵ˼롣ֻν檱˸ʣ̫
үѾʮˣԺһŷӣ˴̫̫ж̫̫һֱ̫С̫͹һ
ԺסŵжҲ࣬䲻жүүү
ֻйǵճλүү21꣬ʣµλүǻû꣬˼ľϡ
үǾǾ䣬ռϷݷǳࡣӺȻҲpcӵܣԺŮ֡ϴĸĻͷӡ
С˵ĹǸȫϲҤӡ¥֮ͯ竣趨Ƿһ֪֪ڳʱЦݣһоԼһϵڱ
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غһԭδһϲԼСӹǣһϲϣǾ飬ԱȳгŮŮ˲һĵ
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68 
һ˼⣬Ǹúӣ֪ʣǣĳ峿صķš
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үؿһ̫̫񿴶ɫһ㣬Ѿߣ͵ҵĶ裡裬زȥѶҳ
һ̻˸ɫЩֵ̿˵̣ˣͳȥĶջĵڹ˼Ұɡ
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һҡͷҲҪǷʲôǣҸԺĴҶֻѡϲ飬ұãԳΪѣϾйͬİá
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69 
һ͵ıضҪΨ飬̲סĺ棬һҳһҳ
ŵڣشСĿȾģкøСҺܴͳʶ֣ҲЩŮ䡷һ顣
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ɵĶЩˡдġ׻顱ʱ֪ڡЩ׶ǵϲŭ֣ʱĲףо԰ľ˰࣬Ҳϲ˵Ѫ
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ÿһǷϲһһ˵ÿ飬ض˵пɡòÿģһ䡰һ㡱
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ڹˡ£ڹүǲʵģֱӰȢŵ̫̫ǣΪʱŮԣܵ˼ҵ̫̫ԹϺĹϵôš
˼ҿƽ࣬ɺ͹ֵƣ˱ֵܣ˽¿Էǳ˳ۣڹǼ
ǳ¶мΪЩͶͱҪȸ֦ͷ˵Ůûʲô𣬵ȹ»ּ󣬹ǵÿܳȥˣڴѧε˷ǳĸĹۣЩܣˡ
֪ĻΪˣѾһ仨¥жٸöΪ棬ѹû˹
ʵѹûʲôãֻʶҵߣͻȻûȤˣȻͲؼҳԷˡ
˼Һƻָƽһȴϲƽƽػġ
زٿһ͸Щ飬Լ
ֻڽ죬ֱͣ߶ʼˮѣ˼ǰɳȡڴźżסˮˮʱпƼȡǾʱͼֻòò裬һһưҨˮ
ϲغ꼾ˮ棬࣬ȴ͡һݲ͸նһ곱ʪζ
Ҳڴ͵죬ĻŲѣְ꣬ꡣˮζ֪ǵͯ꣬ɴȴʶļ¡
֪ϱʯµӰ
Ϊ׵úܣȫ˶ȥ˵Ըߣɳѵø߸ߵԺԺѾûɶˡ
ʱһӰܽɡȫȴѾʪ͸ˡʱɡﰲοˡ
ӰܽԺͣǰ
ϤˣŲϤǰķԶ¥¥ݵĽŲԿײԷغƵʣԼЬײڵϵһˡ
ͬأʱأҲĽŲ֪һˡ
ҲҪϲС꣬꣬Ҳʼһִš
һû˵첻ģѸղűڻĶװûУֱӴشһĴȥ
飬ǰ취һ˵
ܿڵһ꣬һͱʪˣڲҲûʲô
ü߽һһֽֽȻһڻȴⲻ˱Ʈˮ͸ֽմˮĵطͻīˮɢȴؿеĴ֡
XXXʦXXXXXXЭ顣
XXXʦXXXXXXϵ

ʱıֽһŻŰƬͨƪִֻ֣С
һݱֽ鿯ŸϢ顢顢ͬӵȵȵȡ
ھƲȶĽ죬ƶҲûȫͣӦĹٷҲȥ˭֪˭˭˭ͷԣܶ˽顢ͬӣڻǮڱֽϽп
ؼ޽ʱ֤ûУֻһֽ飬ʱȻҲõó֤
ޣǹϿԵľشӳʹңŮ䣬ѧĵ£δϻڡ顱ֶŮ
η常ýȢҲطɡأȴſȨܣȨ֪ʲôʱᱻסᡣ
һ֪ʲôʹ࣬ҪΪؽܰѶѷ˹ֻܰʳǰҲؿܴĵطҲҡ᲻֡
û뵽ϻΪŮˣҲʹ˵Ȩİ취
ֻϣرݵɣȴû뵽ȥҪɡ
ڣɰǰξ񣬾ͿԼˡ
ˮıֽҲ赲ذڻ
ͱֽһģſվŵһʱһĳڵˮӰó־ͷ
һ̧ͷһؿţЦ˵̸̸
ֹŶԷ⸱ǱȴЦſݣӦһĻжһ˿۵ĿǻȽŻɾѣ꣬Ͳ֪ͣ𣡡
˵꣬ҲһӦתȥ¹һ¶Σһʱޱ飬˿ŻִЦݣɴʱһȴصֿ۱طϵıֽ¶һοЦ


73 ׽
֣һҲֻ򵥽͵겻֪¶ã֪ļᶨȶã㶼ͬѡ񣬵һӣһּ尾尾ǲҪģҲǡ
۵ġ
ɾѣתͷλԭأо¶ȻΪε糺죬Ӳһ·ӵԼ˶Ҫˣ
˵ʲôأҧ´תƻ⣬·ˣ
һûԼ˵ôоģϸѧˣɻܵʹһ֪һ飬ȴֻԼںķദУܵһ˿֮ûбĸо
ذԼ˭Ҳգʱˮһľƽȴһһᵽıһܡ
һʵʵ˵ȴ֪⻰䵽ض𺳲ȱֽϵᡣ
һ·ܿ죬Ҳǵػ᲻˼Լߵȥ
䱳ȴܲס䣬һЩĥţȴƱۿŸĥˡһֺ͸ղżƵͷزָоʲôС˵ںϲ׽ʱ̲ס٣£˻ø˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ضʮһˮ˰ʱ⣬ƽһľ̬ʱĶ
ظϽߵ棬ֽˮĴϣɢȥȣñһ
һ·Ȼû죬ֻǿشʪӣɻĻˣ
򶨽͵ȥشƮˡ
һûһЩСƭ
СˣȣǾԲôɵ㶵߳ȥ飬ǻῪģɹ˼ҿ϶⣬һӡ
˼¶ǹ˼ˣ˼ҵϺ˼֣˭ֵùһص嶼ֻʱѱŮ壬ʱҪеӣƿأʮ㣬ǼƷ
ǰ˵飬ؾ͵ñ˼Լмҷ˵ˣǻҶ˽̣ǰǲͱ̫үƨɿ
ؼ粻ֲܿСͱ˿ȸţҪģԵ٣һСһЩ˵ı̬ãҲܣ͹˼ӲģԿֻ
ԣ˵ȫ֮ߡ
һ飬˼ңûйţΪĸĸףҲҸΨһŮ᲻ΪŮ޵úþ͸Сţټһǰѧѧ΢غЩȥҸʦѯʱҪ׼ʲôȻһ׼ˣҸʱ䣬ڴسȥ棬Ȼ治ˣ֮ͽʦ
Ҫλ׵ġ۸ʦû۸ҲҪԺ˹˼ңԴסҪǮûҵƣȰѼױˣǾˡ
˵һǮزҪֻܵһġȻҵ˼ңһʼջű˵ǮӲǺһַ˺һһˣǮֻܵ
˿һȴһ̫ˣи֣ʵءѾߵȨöɸˣԼˣȴͬʱˡ
һҲΪصľǶԵģûа㲻εĸо룬ġ
ǣһʱ䣬һ춼ܣȥʦ˭ܽ鰸
һҵĺöʦҪôշѰҪôһŮ˵飬ӻ̫߼ǮЩƴűģһǳϲ
Щĵĵ㲻ǲ˾ڣ׬Ǯ㡣
һæǰæţ˽ܺҵһλŮʦϲеһλҲΨһһλŮʦ
ԷԸӣҼǮߣͬ͵Ĺ˾΢ЩΪͻŮˣΪ˾漰˼ң˼ϲŴңǮúܣйصİӶСġ
ҺʦʦҪͬؼһ棬˽һ˵ײǵˣתʦܾš
һӦˣ׼Ѱȥʦ
ңԭҲܼ򵥣˼ȻҸɣ̫̫Ĵڣүүĳƺ֪˼һŷ⽨ͳǵĽ׼ȨģﻹϾɵɡΪ˼Ҵ̣ǲģߵԺſڣᱻɨص˶һȥĶ
ᣬغһǲѰģһ˵سȥ棬Ҳүˡ
һγȥ棬˼ûǿǽŮС̰棬һ£ڶ飬ȥġ
أһ飬Ѿˣ޵ϱȥߣк
һ˼ΣүѾЩˣ̽¾Ҫʲôˡ
˷żײﶼ͸¶ŽʦǱߴ˼ˣˣǲ˾ģȻ˭֪ǲǹ˼Ҵ飬Ҫɨˡ
Ȼתʱˣǹδġ
κλϵǳãŸȥ棬죬ȥ˶磬粻棬ȥҴ磬Ҳ档
һ֮£˴綼ȥĶˣΪʲô档
һλϲ˳ֻҪȥϲĶ涼һȴһȷʵ
֪һһϺ͹ǽϲؼҳԷȥͬһطǧΰת
ǲʵǼÿ϶иݣȻЩƯŮݣȻŮܽ˶УŲ̊ϳ裬¥
˽ǧûƤ⣬һ֪˵粻ȥ϶ǾǵطŮȥáɴ˸ˣƾʲôȥȥãȥƫҪȥyinģͱץǣȥ
һοŹΣͻȻһһתοˣһӪñȥһˣලĸûиɻ¡
֮⣬һãǲԺþˣûƹϣԣ˵ˣֵطҲʵɹһǹ˼ҵ棬ֵطΥӵ裬ңͲ¡ɩӡѹ
𣬶԰ﻹиɩأҲ˵ɩ滹иأϳֵطԵŮ
ζûѧģȰһЩʱ;ʱ۵˼ѧˣʲôһһһ˫ˣʲôԱ˴ꡣ
ңغһҲΪǹˣ
һԼûɶоҵһѵĻᣬһعǡŭ߳˼ҴŵĻᡪ׽飡
Ȼһ˵Լȥ·ʵ͵͵شϢˮɡڴſҪŵһ͹Ρ
һһμؿ޳ۿ죬羧Өڼձߣϣ糺ˮͫһҼĹŵˡ
һһɲȴطɿصһۣŤͷȥ
ţȥĶˣ
˵ʱԱҲڣ֪ǲ˸أεվš¶ƽĮټĳģξȻҲ˼ɰͰ͵˵ȥǧΰתء
ҲҪȥҪװ˼ˣ
ӣɹκһͷۣװͰ͵سţ֪Ҳ֪ȥ׽ģ˭ùͷ˭
һһǰһ󣬹̤˹˼Ժš
غһʱϬͷһ۹˼ҴԺĴţشδһɣߵÿ죬۵úܣȴһ㲻ۣý
ȽĴţڱ֮
ػͷǰͷһߣһǴЦԶӣֻб˴˲ŶЦ⡣


74 
һȻôæһȴ׼׼ǺͿʼģһֱڵһᡣ
ǰҪһ
غʱֿտգ߬ͳˣûãʵΪĶֻҪģױͲϺõѣһȥ˻ˡ
һûȫˣñسԶΪ֪ǸʲôʱҲ֪δǸʲôʱµĻңȵʱȶȨʱҪôҪôգ֮鷳úܣһЩƽţһҶֱӶһֽá
һֻǰظһЩֵĶ˺͵ˣһɲԪͳƱá
ֽ𱻴˻ʱһ˻ΪػûԼ˻һ㿴زһһҰԼȫҶһʶһϣУǰȫҸʶ˶һôҡ
˳˹˼Ҵţʱҹɫ֣ϲнͷкܶưġưϰˣ̧־ͺһ
һҲǣصĽվ˶ãҲڶ˵һɣʡǮ
һư˼û⣬˾ͲˣƽҲͱ˴򼷣״Ҳû˾һ˱ˣʱǿˣԼɩӺһδɩӴûϵ֮벻ȥĺг
ҲǿˣҲΪġԹأͬʱҲϲصԸʹ磬Щϵġ˺ܶ࣬һغϵҲ˵ʲôҲܲԼȥѡ
صһưô󣬾ûʲôţ˳죬һ·תӣǸضû¾͸͵˼
һ̧ͷһʶץסΣץסһֱۡ
һһֻصֱ£ȵġ
سһǰĳųϻſ鲼һ˵ĺζǰ洫̲סס˿ڱǡ
һ״ͳԼСƿˮһ㡣
ؿһۣˮɻѣƽʱŵһϵζһˮһζѽʵ㻻ˮˣ
һҡͷûУƽƿֻǲá
Ϊʲôţԭϰ߰ˣһԼûˮϰߡ
һ㶣ƽãζĶģĪ˵ʱŵ϶һ޶ġɶɡζ
һ·ضĬţһҲ˵һ㲻żǹμúܣһֱ߳ܿ㡣
˸ϵǧ⣬ƺ̣ſ߲ͣͣٻưġҲֻҪһ˾ǰ濪Уʱᷢ죬ʮ档
غؿЩˣдǱģװĵģųӵġ˵ǰЩһЩȰǿӵķһЩʿԳүЩˣʼԼıӡ
صĸױ֮һĸȴûϲеǧôġ
ǧʵ¥ûиʽŮվſ⣬ֻһЩĿ˺ŻӱƯŮ˽
һˣֱ߽ȥȻҲûǵȻʱǧֲǲĳŮȻܽȥݣṩˮϺ;ƣа֣˵ʵĺȥ
ô²ģ̸ġ
ѸΪ󣬿תһ룬
ǧ㣬һǴǹϯһ̨λҲǹϯ
Ϊͻ̨ϵıݣϯȽϻ谵߲յϣһϸ˺þãҵ˼λү
ɵǣʱм˸Ůˣ
һΣС˵ǻȥɣطûʲôġ
Щ˷ܣѽǾͿҴû֣Ҿ棬ǰֻڵӡǣ˵
һüͷӣ
Ҳ˵ʱûеӺ͵̨УŮӣ˼ҴԺﶼûеء
һŮϣΪұ¶ԼҲȥʡŮ˵ôʱĻ˵ʱҪôǸʱĴԽߣҪôǴӱߡ
ǰ߻ãǺߣһ͵Сˡ
ϸһ޸Ƕ棬ΪǰŮѣŮѺȻԭߣûϲûн⺦޸ֵ겻ɡ
磬һ޸ֵûֱӹΪľǲ޸ַԼĴڡ
һûб¶ԼĴڣŮȱ¶Լķ
ߣôŲǺܴӣѲ֣
кܶߣóԼУ˵ϰߵȵȶױ¶
һ񲢲ģһЩĳĶܾ׼ԼʲôȻ޸޹أ;ȥ޸ֵˣȱ֤Լķİȫ
һ뿪˼ңøڳλã
һ緢ˣûʹ˸ɫػ⣬һָʾķ߹ȥҵһ
˼棬ϱЩΣܿ죬ͷüأãôˣ
ǵ͵Ĵҹ㣬ôԳţǧֵطֱŷ硣
ںܶŮ˷ΪĸװġɴԵŮˣԼľԺͰļֵŮˡ
أҪУÿ˼񣬵ðݺһ֮ĸĽɫԡУܷŵйԡ
ҲҪУƯֻṩֵеСԣҲԼ˸񣬵գΪ˳Ϊء
غ͹Ĳ죬һİ˳˷ޣΣ֮ǰװѹʹֵطǵվڹǰȴһ㶼ŭùϾǺŮ˳ף˺ӣ޸С
ݼһأŹϣе
һʱΣŭĿԲŹϣϸ磬ôܰɩһ˶Լֵ*Ҫ˵ǻΪ̸ģ
üռŮСʱرʵͦСģʲôָԼ
ڵĿغһشȻ˵ϲĸǿӣǾͲӣǿǿĻӦЧġ
һüҪڳһ̱ӻȥȴͻȻһֻסˡ
صؿ˵˵Ķԡ
һ㶣ǵãԭԸ̱ŭ꣬˭ûɫôؾȻĻص
غ˵һûзʱ͵͵ɨһΧܲҵϵͳĺۼ
ͻȻһһϵͳô£ôҳ
Ѿɵˡ
ȻԭδʱߵĴԽߣ޸ֵߡ
һ룬·֤ϵͳ˵Ǿ䡰ɵˡһʮԹ˵ûĻû飬⽨ȤҶܣʧʱʶ˱ŮˣҲ㡣
ǣôʱڿ˵ԼǷ⽨ܺߣ㲻ҷĸףֻңԺǻǰҲһ棬û˵Ըǻûףȴҷ뿪
ؼһ࣬ȴĹһ䡣͸¶һ˿һеļ޵ȴͬų㲻ȥȥ
ؼôãһζûԺңŮ˿¶ǵıݣһҵλöûУˣǱһϲ
ϣҪ飡һλٲΰ룬Ψһ䣬͸¶ؼǿľġ
˵꣬ת뿪תʱ۽һᣬջ䡣
ϵѾɵˣûɣأһ⽨ͥŮˣȻͬɷ飿


75 
صĻٲΰ룬һ˲䣬ѹ
˵Թжమһֻһˣʲô˵ʵڹϣǴڴġ
ǹ˼ҴүӢвţͲʮѾȦ湫ӣдŮδɷĻ롣Ҳ޵˼ңһλɷ򣬻¿ɰĶŮĸһ㣬Χɷת
ӣϢȴ֪ĸ׵λãΪĸһԼȨɣһȨûСϱţ˵ıڼ˼֮ǰ̬Ҫһ찾ͷ
ȨѾֻܺƭԼҲҸĻ룬ڹϡˡ
֪ԼǴһҡ
ڴգ֮죬δǰ;ãһжѹѹ֮һֲƲ˷ܣҲδһ˿ڴΪһΣģȨʲôżҡңԼϡ
һ׷ܣرܲ죬ʶ·һ׷أ˲֪ôģߵĺ̨ȣһױվš
ˣһַֻǽһ󿴼ļţΪԷˣˣϽǰοû°ɣΪģֵ
û˵꣬һ߽ȴЦüֱڡΪԼˣ
ԭˣǽЦˣһ㶵ؿأ˵ĸ˺𺳡һˣûЦ˵Ц΢Цټ
һڱЦǽʱͷʱЦŶӣЦö¡
ɵɵֻƾ˰ڲһˣڵԳ
һô˵΢΢üǰҪ˵ʲôȴױű򿪣һŨױĨŮˣſۣڶͷϣױȻˣ˵ȴƺǿ
ŮŸȼһ̣һڣ³ȦŽԸе˵һͣ
Ů´أģʮ£⻰ЩʮŮôŶ
һأŮ˵ĻȰοصʮжʮĳʮʮĳ죬Ͷܻ
غȥһ㣬ǰᣬʮʲôء
ؽץһ֣ƺԼ뿪˼һûʵУһӵ𣿡
һЦͷȻˣȻΪģǧûӳôܲĵذ壿
Цˣ߰ɣ
һĽţ𣿡
ܣû¡ʵ۵úܣػ̣Ӽ꿪ʼ㣬ʮˣôСʱʲô
˵䣬ŮҲڴǶˡһʽĵֹۣŵ䣬һŮʿֱͲ㣬Ŵ󵨣ֱˣôߵһģ
Ůɻ󲻽⣬Żᵽϣϵϲоû˲֪Ѳɣǹ˼Ů죿
ŮƳˣȤһۣת뿪ˣ߼һ߾ӭˣͬк
ⲻС𣿰ӴǱҵȵˣզˣ°ˣͬȥ˺ڣ˵أ
ߣͷҲˣҪˣ㵹ǳˡ
ӴιҵĹӴǰ첻ææŸܹأ²˭Ҫ㣬˼Ҷү
һضһۣѹ˵ߣҪĻųȥˣʣµ¾ͽʦͰʦ档
Ȼò׳˹˼ңؿɲٻȥˣһ˼Ƶס£һ**ʮԪס޷ѡ
ߵÿ죬׷׻ǹ˼غһŮˣһŵӣһռҶŮܳ¡
һûҵֻܻȥȥʱ򣬹Ǻ˵𾢣ǳˡɵӣ˿Ů˵ԼܣϲԼˡ
ʲôãΨáϵһôǣôˣᣬԷȥˣԸӣͱ¨ӣ˼ҸǶžУΨУۣ˭˭
ֵΪϾˡйȥƵΣһ۾Ϳ˴۸ӵĹϵ
Ҳգ֮һ£ԸӣҲ飬ոŮˣַѶĺܴ󷽡
ǽΣΪһ֮ǰε̨׸裬ɤ̫ϲˣλ˼үȥ̨ΣǴһӣ˵Լǡѡһ仰ܽι
͹һĵȰ벻ͬǺֳζͶĸо˶Եˣѵͦϵ
ɫѿƽ̸ҲͿͻǧЩŮŮ˵úǣ˵òƷǿߵģ͹ŴϷʲô
ǺЩ˻һ𣬱Ͼ˵Σ¿ɺãȻνеǰ崿ˣλһ𣬼ֱ
ǰ˹һüζʮ㣬·˵أ
ҧأסĳ嶯Ȱ˵ȥ̫˲ȫ
Ǽ̵һӣʲôȥ
Ȼ̣Źҧͷһڣ˿Ȧڳ͹ǺӣЦ欣ѽĪ£ϲУ˸Ҷ˶ٵء
ϱˣô˵İˬԴףϽĵ̣ӵ̣Լû𣿡
ûгԴף㶵ؿµȦ𾪵ۣôģô³һȦ
ο⼸ֵڣЩˣ˳ϵӣ磬ɩ׷𣿡
εͷѹ˵ûУǴǻȥˣİɣڣзִ磬չ˺ɩǻȥ͵״еöˣȥͬúýͣûµģȰȰˣ϶ѧˣ
Ʋ죬ûκˣֻѧ˳ζͶɩŻ˵ôˣ绹չ
ӣζЩˡ
ҲǹһڣӦû¡
Ϊһ׷أػع˼ңǼȥ͹үһûˡ
ⲻ֪һֱӰȥ˾Ƶ꣬Լһ˻ȥˣѹûС
һȥϢƬ̺ҪϽع˼ңһ£һһ˿ңʲôҪһ˻ȥ㲻µ𣿡
һͷ԰Ǳ䣬һŴ󴲣һ˯Ѳɻ𣿡
ֹǿҿɲ£
һЦЦ˵¾ͺãҿ϶ҪȥģҲϰ㣬ֻ˵׷ǧһ·׷Ƶ꣬Լ˷ס£ʵȰס㣬һ˻ȥˡһסˣǱڰ㣬үһŻ籨Ҹףҵ˻Ҳᱻᡣ
ȷʵԭĸٳԭҲȥֱ˵ļ¡˵һϲҷүֺγҷԭĸأԭ׳裬ʵҵȴûнԼŮԭûʵʵֵĲҵġ
ԣһֻܰأȴңһڹ˼ңؿŵ˼ңԷ˼һЩֶȺأǰӦԡ
һ룬ҲԹԣһܹЩʧ䡣


76 
һҲ˵߾ߣһСӣطͷ£ҪǷʲôΣգʹСĶ
ؾȲѣʲô
һѶأȻҲҪôá
СӴ򿪣澹Ȼǰƴľ֣صһμľ֣ס졣
ľ֣صָ̽ζ
һͷľԭ׸ģȥĶţϾȣԭ׵İȫȫι˼ңǮ⣬ľԱʱ֮衣
ʱûпʼľֻ֣ľ֧һ֧ľ־͵ʮԪѰ˷ԲˣǮȥûø㡣
һľ֣׻߼ǮӹģһԺܺõľ֣ƽʱױ֣ƴСܲڿ㶵ľСʵȴҲСûġ
Ȼֻһطõģ򲻵ѲҪó
һ򵥽ôãزãûùľ֣ҲûнܹκѵľСȴСǿľֵ˶ۡ
ôⶫŽͷ£ȷʵࡣ
һһЩǮãԼȥʦ
ڷſڷֱصһΣһסôûһ뿪ҹЩãܳɹ𣿡
һϵЦݴ˰ĵţļϿĻң֮ǰҲʹңӳ𣬽Ҳˡ
һζز²ܵʧܽ˵һʵˣ֪ǲԨ
һ뿪˾Ƶ꣬ûаǸӷͷ£Ǳڻ˯ϻһˮζϤζȻҪŲܰߡ
ص˼ңһװıȥҹүǹүڼң⼸̸ȥˣҲҪŻ
һҲүȥҴ̫̫˵ûãȰأ˵͹Σôһȥ׽顣
̫̫ʵҲףصλϣ϶ҲҪˣɷЩʱȢ̫ʱԣʲôأ˶ȰΪҪȡ
ǣϱֻ˵û֮ģ˸ҲӦðݲŶԣȻΪº飬񻰡
˰ҹŻͱ̫̫ȥǰ˵£һļҾƵ꣬ȥˣһû˵ʵǰѹȥһƵꡣ
ȹڱľƵʵҲˣͿж˵϶صȥһߺֻ˾Ƶꡣ
ȻڶϾȥһ˵һƵأһŴȥʦ
ʦͲ󣬲ʮͷǹͣڵģʦҲԣķѧʿԼ˺ϻ￪ϲҲС
ʦʵأֻزǵˣʦԼҲԣʦҲӴϲеȦӣȥ̫үٵʱҲУϣʦæƳһۡ
ڵʱϴȻأҲԺո룬ʱĸ񣬲ʱС㣬ҵŮǿ棬ҵ˾Ϲ
ܹڻˣɹϴظٲȻûطϲеϲȦɶˡ
һɷ֣غ֮ǰϿǸЩͬ˵಻ͬʡǰأܴһڵأȻɫģȴѯܲʱ۾Ź⡣
֮ǰֹ˾٣ȦָĲƲر࣬˾ǳӣֵ˾з飬Ůġ
ɽֵĵһŮˣȷرˣ΢ЦʼеһЩѯʡ
磬Ҫ飬Ǵ͹Э飬ϳ飬ǶǷкӣʲ١
һرܵģҪԼĵ˵һЩϸڣص˵һ£·ʲô޴ľһ˵ҵѣ¡
ѣһһ£ﷴĬ֡
ϸķҲ֮𣿿ССȴƶ˵ķϲǶѵϲǶ˵ϲ
һѵϲû㶮˵ӵ֮ϲ
Ƿѭһѭ򽥽˺ƶȰҲ׶һ룬㶮˺صġ顱¸⵽ӵĶ
Ȼһеǰᶼܻ¸硣
һߣС㳹һŻ󶨣ˡꡱܹȥ
һУһϵͳһ޸ַ֣ôһ³Ǳ٣ˣķҲɡ
ǣ޸һ棬Ͱķձ൱ʽߣʷǳС
һǱţʱб޸ֵַĿܣϣķ硢¸磬лζ
Ĳܶٸӵ˼һܳЦݸã̧°ͣûѣҲԸġ
Ȼ˶ҪˣҲٶ˵ʲôĬһһۡ
ɵİ칫һ磬緹һģ֪һݣҺһҲЩϵȦ˭˭ûϵ֪һλԪиɵǴ£вͿ꼰ȫҡ
˼ˣɿһЩ죬Ҫһĸף϶һͳǰи˼ҡʦ͹˼Ҵȥ˼Һ˭ҵĹ˾ӵģ˼ҵ΢˽һ㡣
˽´˹˼ҵǮ˵ʲôȴ֪˼Ҹڿȥȹ̣෴˼Ѿ·ˡռҰŮи˼ңҪ⡣
һЩϸڵĶͶ뿪ʱ˵˾䣺С㣬³ѧǸȥӦö켸ģЩƲȶվЩϧ
һľȣװɵĻЦӦʳԲߣҲҸˣǼʺҡ
ЦŵͷҲǣټ
һϻưؾƵ꣬ʵز̫ưҪ̫ˡǰңûлǮʱ򣬻֪ǮҪԼļױһһ嶼ưһ˾Ǽëʵǹ
صĽŲߣƵôԶ·̣Լ߹ȥȥž͵ú͡
ǣλ˾Ƶ꣬һʹԸԸȥҽ
ھƵɳϣɻ̧ͷʲôҽԼô֪
ĽŻܲܽһָָصĽš
صɫر֣ܺ죬ǽߵĺ죬һּžȡѿԼŭĺ죬ҧ´ҲҵĽţ
ǰЩͿʼģ඼Ȼ㣬Ҳ˵ټ㣬ڴ֮ǰѾŮȴû취õţΪεĽŹѾͣ·Ҳָܻ˵ĽŹģðȻ㣬пý۱ء
ǣȥŹǽпѧѵ
Ҳ˵ĿѵҪǮһʾռҶðķã˵ܲҵҽԺ˵
һ뵽£ɵü侲ػشصĻǲĴֽŻ㣬߲Զ߲ãͻۣԶһطҲǲ͵ΣֻϧڹǲΣлᣬȥΡ
ЩŭƽΪһ͹ΡЩһѧʱĶȴûʱҪʲôֻһζطأء
漴뵽˽ɸʱ˵Ļɻ㲻˵ȥ𣿳Բϰߡ
һҡͷƭģ֪ռҵʵͼ
ȻͷûйӴ磬Ҽѣ֪ġСʱңô⣬ڵң˼ҵݶ硣
ԺĹ˼ʲôؾͲ֪ˣܿͺûйϵˡ


77 
죬һͲˣΪϷȥǼҾƵҲû֪ļ䷿
֮·ҪԼߣߥغ͹׮֤һϣ˼ǲԭ׿϶˵飬һᰲһ뿪һ
ԣغ͹˼ҶϾϵǰһüٺصĽӴ
ص˼ңϹȻһΪʲôز˵ǼƵ꣬һڳŵı飬ɷµطţƱ˵Ҳµᡰ͸¶٣һ뿪ؾͻ˼Ƶꡣ
ºˣҪҵأǾ͵һһƵԼҹȥ
С˵Ůڶ෱ĶһսǾȴŮûаϬ߾֮ǣ֮Եʶڡ
ϲô󣬾Ƶ겻˵ɰǧʮаɣҪǰһһҹȥǵҵɶʱȥˣǹ˼ҳӣʱȥˣҪȥңҲ鷳еľƵṩ˲ϢȨҪ֪ʱҵúܣЩƵסŵٳգﲻ
ϼ춼ûҵأǱȴڵڶͰظĵַҵؾƵһЩϸڵ⡣
һΣûһ԰æ˵﷢𣬵򶨣˿ӳɽӴһЩĵ˻߶ԷˣǼѿ£е˵źþۺɢڳƲȵʱ򣬶˺
ûҪ󣬾һҪøɾԺǰһҾԲɧȻϿܻҪܺЦΪڹϿ飬λãٺòѹأզȥء
ǣȴֻһҪֵܷٲƲԼļױѾˣԺⷿԼ֧ʦѣƵ껹һǮ󲻶ࡣ
ʦȴô룬Ƕ˽⵽ܶϸڣǲҪָƲ⳥˵ؾ뵱ߡˣͬ
顢飬ָƲѰ£һ˫ϵƶȣɫʣֻĵ˳Կ
ص飬ôպ˼ҺԼҿ϶û֮أƾһ⳥Ժӿɲù
ʦ飬벻룬⳥þȡƲָҲȡ֡˵ǰһҲҪҪ󣬱˻ǰͲҪǾȥ
û˾飬ʱķɣʱĻƶҲȽϴǳңӲˣز鲻ǰţûóȻʦȻ˵ԼҪһʱ俼ǡ
ʦ֪һڳ֪ҪĲǡʱ䡱ǣҪ˸ף˵׽֮ˡ
ʦ˵ԼǵʦģְҵҪöԼĵ˸𣬲׿Ӻأϧز˽ô࣬˵Щزûýȥ
ҲǾˣʱ俼ǣ˵
¥뿪Ƶ꣬漴ưȥһԼĵص㡣
һ뿪ǰ˵ʱ䲻ֱӼأ˼˻ɣò˳ԣв󲻶ʱ򣬿ȥѧͼһһ쵽磬ͼ
Ρǲűҵһ͹ιϵãȥѧУѧһͼ˭Ҳ뵽ؾȻȥѧһͷ
˱ֻͨ飬Լýͷصˣе͵͵ʲôdang
ѧǱĴѧҲǱʡĴѧ֪ȫǰ塣ѧѧǴǰ;ˣȻǳ⣬һһ¼ȡġ
ûи߿ѧ¼ȡҪŸбҵ֤ȥɱѣμӱԣͨμԣͨѧˡ
ǹүͨһѧʦ©ˡʦҲ©̫࣬©һ룬ȸ⣬Ȼ˾Ĭд¼ȡϽȥ
ֻйǺ͹үԼĵ֪˼ϡεȣǲ֪µġ
ҲѧҵģܷЩϣҲ࣬Ͳ飬Ϊϸѧѧò׿ˣѧҲɣãξܱҵˣҲܲÿΣͷ
κ͹ǶǰˣһǣԲǰԼͼ档
ʷƳװŵͼ*ݣѧѧϲĵطҲǱమö˰ĵطͼݶԱ˿š
ͼ¥ŵ¥ߣ¥Ȼ¥㲻ߣž¥һһţ¥һΧɸԺӣлͩ
ͩҶֱ̣䣬֦Ҷֱֱ࣬ռطʺͥԺֲΪͼݵԺ
ͼﲻһЩ˱л˵ᵽԺѧǱصһŮͬУĴѧԺҲŮŮվһ˵ģؿˡ
ӡˣǲܳ뷿ģײɴѧŮȴؽ̸飬̸ЦۣһƬµͩҶҲ˵һ
ؾãȹĶʮ꣬Щ˻ȫһ硣
ԼҲŶʮһ꣬ڹ˼ңԺѧκһң᲻ᣬҲ֮еһԱԸܽĸĸкЩ˵Ļ᣿
ɽһ뵽Լãĸͬһ㣬ѧôĴѧŮѧأ
ĳص֪ܵĽȫͬɵòһʱոѵĸоһʱա
ֱһѡ
ͬѧһ̽ӣװʶʡ
ػŤͷһ
֪ΪѧУԵʣǱʲôһûдװһǳɫУĴں°ڶԲΣഺָгͷ黨裬һ֦Ӽͷǰ
ĩͷҲʢ񣬿ɷܵҶ϶¶İ߲ӰϣȶȲȹҫۣؿЦݵһĿת
ǲϲŮѧʵģΪ뵽ΣǸݡ˷ŮѧɵһǸ͸еģʱȴһ⵽ʲôѧǳҫۣȴۣϵȫ෴һ
ʶ̧֣סԼֱ࣬һ֫չ̬ͬǱ·ҪսֱۺȣҪվֱ̫ͦء
һվݣôôصվ˸񻨣ᣬɢ
Գһ˿ң˫ͫˮ쵣ˮ˿ָ̲ۡס߬ؿڵ½һ̣࿴һ۵ģȴζͻȻðһ
ŵˣһһ㶣ϽЦݣԹԵǸǸͬѧһͼݰɣʶ·ɣҴ䡣
»ûǱûʲôʶǣðȻֻ¶ʶ±˴˼Ҷȥǣһװһʶأڨ
˵ţлл
һЦ߰ɣС̨ףͬѧҪ黹Ƕ顭
·ĿбӣٿһĻŵòУһ߶߶˵ͣʱȴذġ


78 
˲߽ͼߵ¥ǲ¥ŷǳĵ鼮㣬һȦ¥ܣмοյľ޴ƣз߽˲¥ŷﾲÿ¡
֮ܺҲǿյģڷһЩľΣһЩĶͼݶУʿĶŽģУʿԾͼ￴飬ܰߣҪУѧ֤
ȻһҲģߵ¥ƫһλãԽԽţĵ٣ԸƧ
˸һܣ͸ڷŵϲľ֮ķ϶ӣ˶ֻüԷ۾֣ÿÿ˴ˣضĿԣֻü۾ʱȴܿԷԼԷԼ˫۾βزס˼ġ
رܿߣһȴ󵨵һ飬Լ߳ȻϷģȴ״ʣңʲô鷳𣿡
ڿһһֻϣָڷ񣬷ʱɳɳǣģһֽǱ
زŵԼһ£һɫֻҪһֽЭ飬ɲʲôҪ˵ǵһƲ
һͷϿɵȷʵ뿪˼ҺҲǲ׻ȥҪһܳһƲһ㡣
ҧһ촽Щݣջ̹ϵҺ͹Ʋ˱˵ٰݽûйͼϷֹ˼ҲƲ
һЦˣҲ˵鲻ŹϽģԿľ㣬ϲԸ⣬ַ㲻Ը⣬ʣȴɡĴڣˣѾΪТһˣѵ˼ҵഺǮ˵ûж˾ͻ𣿡
ûټ޵˼£ĿǰƣޣҲΪ飬Щøģ𣿡
졢ϱˣӵˣǹϣҲ͸ò㡣
һ˵һѣȥˣüͷͷ˵е
һ˿˵ң֪λ˵˵ϲͣеġƩ˵̫￪һһġŲݶǾͻͣԸ⿪ˡûиҵţƽ͵ĸĸҲС
ɫһݣ̧һӣˣ񿳼ۣ۸˱Ҿͻ˴˸ߵͼ֮мۡ
һͷЦ˵ûֲƲʱ򣬾ʹϳƤ϶Ը⣬ֳ̫Ʋ㣬ǹ˼ҵʲôʱãֻͬһ㣬ôǰĻ͸⡣
Ҳѵ¶һЦݣ˵ţҶˡ
֪ôˣڴ֮ǰػ˵и費ԣȫûټ޵˼
΢΢üɫʮࣺʱ˲ǺȥҸմһҾһӡ
һͬصͷȷʵ
ػߵ¥˴һЩѧػѧϰĽؿǣ̲סСп˵ЩѧǣǲᱻĸͳȥˣҸҸϡ档
һߵԱߣػ˵ľ룬죺ģδȻɼӵȨ˻ԽԽ࣬ǲڼͥǻѧɣڸиҵɾԼһҵΪ˲ţΪԼ
ŤͷһĿ͸¶Ųŵľȣܿһ𣿡
һڵʱߣԼصͣҪ뿴һ죬ƶˡʵҪ뿴Ůܶ족ĿںţԶڶʮؾܿ
ȻһеǰᶼҪʱ򡣺ƽʮ껹ûʲôѹʲôƽ
ȻһȰȥƲֵܷٲƲϣֵܷǮҲùܶࡣ
һţ϶ػشأ㵱Ȼܿһ죬ǵҴ㿴ļй硢ơȵ˵Щδȥʵȥ衣
ǰȰˣģɣ϶С
ļ죬ûͼݣÿ춼ɼ棬һЩϸڡ
ֱ죬үڻؼˡҲأͻȻ뵽˵ġ顱ͻȻЩţزеӺɣ
ӡأȻڻǰֻһ棬ظµӡǳƽǧƪһɵİ˼ڹŮûʲô
ֱɴҹϣϲףȻҪظ飬൱ڡݷ򡱡
˼𾪲ѣүˤ˺ü豭ɿɲ˶ʿˣ˼ҲϲиȦ֮һǼա
ү֪Ҫĵǹϴ߶ص桰ùүʰϡ
Ǵ̫̫ƴסˣΨһĶӣүۣءүȻۣӲֹһ˵ˣֲģ۸ʲôͶĿһһ¡
ȷʵǹүĽӰˣԺĹ˼뽻ء
ھΪͻĸ߹ʱ̣߸˹Ϲ˵ľ츳һ罻죬ӥ㳤ԶĿ⡣
ڹ˼µʱү󣬹˼䵽ϣͱȻˡ߰һеĸ߹츳ܶͬʱֻŮͬڱŮ˵Ը񣬺Ƥҡ
ŮٰݽŮضӽǮΪ崿ŮǽŮضСڣҪôĬЦҪô沨
֮ҪͻŮŮ˵ĲһǸһŮ˵ĴڣȻ㡰㡱ͻ
ò˵Ը񣬺͹ϼıŮ˲һģȻ飬ϾЩˣүǰҲˣҲˣҲȥˣˣүĻǹϸˡ
Ȼˣػڹ˼ҴԺôүֱ˰ٶ¶ֻ˼֪زڹ˼ңϲ£ɶ֪ˣǿ϶ɵҲ֪ˣ൱ڴϲеʿ֪ˡ
үҲ治סֱֻˤӡ
صίУɲֻ֪ͨϵģԼ˹Ϻĳ¥ϸ̸Э飬ĵϣһǺþۺɢòҪֵԵĵزܲ˾ͲЭǩ֣Ǹݼ֤һ¾С
ϸػү˵϶֪˵ʲô˵ʲôҽҸ㡣
͸үݵĿ⣬Ͼ֪غùظȥʦ飬붨ˣ˼ҵҲˣ鶼زˣ˼Ҿغù
˻Ů𣿵ֶ޵Ůˣɲ¼ˣүҪض棬ټޣҲϲ档


79 
˼ҴӺŮ£ϲе˶֪ˡ˼㣬ûж˵ǹϿأ飬˵ʲôؼ޹ԳТڼҲأͼ˹
֮ЩеûĶͷϿ۾УصԺ޼ѡ
ǱأصĴ磬ҪȰ˵͹飬ҪǺ͹˻飬ԺҺ͹˼ҵͲˡ
زȰԴʣһ̹Ȼһ⣬ô統ҪϾϵ
ôػȥش˽ºʹ棬ʱɺɵȻڣҪڹ컯֮ˣЩѡ
Ѿֵǽ֪ҲҷǣҺģֱضϾϵԺغûаϵǻ޹ء
ϢʱҵǱ˵ģؿֽϵ־䣬ָȻһģû뵽ݵزΪһ׮ûδĻȻŮ
һزȥҲãٲᱻŶޣΨһеźǣĸΪˣȥĸףȴ˸˳
غ͹ϵ̸ϲƣ粽ãһǮ
ҲǳصģҪĲίȫɹҪԼȡӦõһж
ϲЭɾ̽ȥĹϺͬͬʱһЩܾٶǣ֡ӵƬЩǹϳȵ֤ݡ
ʱ˵ʲôϲϷˣжơֵԺȥǾֻƾͨصкǷǹжˣȻǲռġȷʵȣ˼ҵ㣬үͨٺţߵ˾ĵزҲ¡
ȻǱҪҶߵǸز˼棬Ҳ˼´ı£ⳡ̸У˫ִһʣҲϣ˺Ƥ
ȻûԸȡǳߵ⳥ûֵܷӺεʲҲȡһǧԪ⳥
ÿǹ˼Ҳƴ֣ӣȻһǧԪ൱ڹ˼ͨ˺ü깤Ǯ⳥治Ҫ
һǧԪټԼļױ˴һԪܹһǧһԪܳһʱˡ
ˣҲԺô
ڹ˼ҷų󲿷˵ĸλ͹˼մߵģءʵϣ͹˼մߵӣҲûܸɵġ
˼ֵ̣޻̡ׯеȵȵȣ˼ҲŻҲܱнȥ
ϲд󲿷ָλŮˣ˵ŮˣҲҵùͷҵúܣҵɢġȶģ˵λ˻͵Ůˡ
ǣԸԼ˼ҵ檡ѾߡһЩӦʱдŮǱҵľǱ˼ҵС檻̫̫ΪЩʱŮѰĳ·̫ˡ
ػŮĸ׽ģϣԺӣŮҲΪɷġõĲȥҲׯ̣֪߳ϲеĲׯ֮һǹ˼ҲҵûصĶ
ңڶʽķװꡢʱװ꣬ʽӱʽĳׯׯ֣Щʽķװ꣬רŵĹҪɢ
رסĵطַùϵһЩ첹·Ļƣ׬٣еˡ
صķһ˽ȥģһһԺӵȻ㣬һסһԺӣһ¾ʮԪһǧһԪļҵףסáǣǺ˺һԺӡ
ԺСܹݣĵԺӣݣ߸ݣߵСЩΪ߳ס˵ķ䣬һұߵֻԺСéռ仹
ݺұݶѾȥˣֻߵģһʮԪôСӣһʮԪѾϲбȽϱ˵ķˡ
ʮԪֻ֮ǰľƵס죬ȴԺסһ¡һЩҪһ**һķ˵ԺֻҪһν·⣬Ҳѡԭ
ΪԼҲȷδϲУǻϼҡ
ɣػûüܣҪΪδ
ҵ֮ǰʵÿ춼ûɶ¿Ϊæӹ˼ҳӣĶ⣬ΨһľߣЩﻹһ۵־䣬ͨܵɵļ¼
ز֪뿪Ժ󣬹˼һôĶЩ飬˼ûаˣү鷿Ҳֻ칫Ĳ飬˱
ϸصĶˣǲˡ
ͻȻᵽΪʲôеŮ˺ӾͲˣΪܻᵣԼûȨĺǰң᲻⵽õĶԴͱʱص飬ĺһӿܹ˼һῴѪԵϵķϣƴЩû˿ϵֻǻᱻֻȥˡ
һģһ鲻򲻵ܹ󣬱˵ҲһԪһģҲصǼ飬һһǼ顣
ؼҪڣѯڹ˼ҵĶô죬ɰʹˣϺ˵Ķȫˡ
˰أϵıԹޡ
ϲѲصĶǵãҸصļױ
ʵصĶûʰ֮ô˵ضŸɣزˡ
رֵں˹ϵ⣬ЩΪ⳥³Ƥŷ֣غӡǸ˳СŻСԵŮһȻֻڻǰһ棬ƾһ棬϶Ƿӣӹ׵ġ⽨ġͳŮˡ
ɵزΪӳ֣Ϸˡ
ŷ֣ľıҪᶨ룬ʲôһͳŮ¶ҪأһΪѻȻһб޵ܡ
Ů˲гߵͶңǹŵģΪĲһŮҲֻһŮ˵ķаȻŮûûҡ
صļȴ˹ϵĻɣʲôŮҪ뿪ݵĹ˼ң
ĶϾ͸ϻع˼ң˰صĶʰ
һֱκŮ˼޵˼ң޸ϣЩŮʸ֦Ņ̀ЩŮ˵ĵλֱʰصӣŷĶصÿ¡
¹·ֻռ˲һ룬һ·мؼ޹ʱԼ·Ժ̫̫ð·һֻ֡
Ҫȥ˵·˷ܣ˵ûа̸еĹֻ΢һޱͨĳУСĵ˴̣΢ЩεĴ
Щʲôֵģ
Ϻ治ѣĿɾϣһ;˴ɨȡϵ鲻࣬ɢֽŷ۳̶Ӧþġ
ǰһͫ΢Ȿ飬ҲУҶһʼղ⣬û뵽صⱾȻһεԱдԼıעͼ⡣
صֺ˲ͬʷԾΪƯϷص飬俴ˣүЩҪ˻ôţ
ʵʮСģ֪үүΪºܻ˭ײľֿϡ
飬ҲǣҲǣ˵ʵȥԼ
ΪĦҶص˼Ҫȥ˰ɣõģղ졣
üҪ˵ʲôʱ洫һŮ
ӰǶҡ衯ɩӵģˣûҲǣ
һص飬һѶȴЦϸ磬ɩû£̣ҵѽҽɩӵʱԼûأãջȥ
˵ţһ㿪ʼʰϵ飬һԼ챧ˣӿ첽ܣһͱϴסˡ
ֹ̾˿һҲãȻ治֪ôЩˡ


80 
һصȻǻȥأһֱڼϾȻҹһΣ˵豾
һ˵ԼҪίؾ˹ϡ
ϱȹǺöԸ˼̳˸ӵȱ㣬ֻҪһƤ񣬹Ͼƽϡ
¸һ󣬹˼Ҳʼأһŵÿȥء
˼û˼˼صԭҲܼ򵥣ҪȢ
Ϊ֮谭أˣ֮˽ȻͬλͲ
ˣ˼Ҵ̵λú˳λֻһذλŮˣŵ˼ҵŮƽŮ
ڹϸջؼǻ˼ȷʵܸл˹ϣҲһǮл
һˣĿӹ׵Ůˣܹ˼ҵǮԼȹϲΪǮֻǼںŻȹϣҲû˼ôǹһع˼ң뿪زϲС
ΪǮֻΪġүɫѿ͹οľͬүֻŮ˶λܸߣ֪Ǯ͵뿪˼ңԺû䡣ǮܵסϵģԺ˹˼̣ҪǮûأ
ⲻ֪ү͹϶ˡ
֮ôֻΪǱߵĿܼ򵥣ǾذľľһһаҸһֹ˼ң̳ϴɱķù˼ػ۷ʱҪù˼ҴԺΪʵĺܺͱܷ塣
ȻĿǰҪذΪˣϵͳ˺øжȼȳ
һԼҲϵͳ̫ϵͳĲˣҲӹ˼ҷҪǮҪıΪµʲô
ʱһҲѭ浸ظֹ߷Щǧƪһɣҩľһ֣ǡǡɡŮԼ
һںܳһʱûԼǰʱΪԺͶԷϵͳĶԻһԼǰ
һǰҲյ࣬Ϊʲôӵʶյȴһˡ
ĳĳĳѣĳĳĳȥһΧưҪ߰ҲҪˢøжȡ
һ̽Ϊʲôˣʱɵÿʼȥ˼
ΪʲôʶΪʲôϵͳˣΪʲôһԼҪ⡪һ˭ģ
޸ַģϵͳΪݺ֪ͨϵͳֻΪý֣Ȩ޸
Ȼһ޸ַģȻҲܳһ磬һ޸ȫľ档
һ̧ͷ˼ҵ컨壬ֻзڷ֮⣬Ǳգ֮ϣһЩΪԸ߸ϡС޸ּලߡ
˭ڸһ
˼ǱֵòɿξȻûվŮǷһԭûȥȺŮû¶ακһĹϵãͬ飬ΪһòֵĶþ
С˵˼ûУȻƽЩ岻ˣһҲٰ˽һ䣺Ҿϸ䰡మ˲һ̫Űˡ
һ£ɴۿһ㣬˵ʲôأҴðɣ
һϽϣǲʲôˣֻϸ統׸磬ôܺ䣿
Ҳɵˣô£ǰϲô˵ֻǰѹϵˣ
һĸνͣΣ㲻ǿ͸ˡϸΪѡô磬ǺϸģҶܺã㿴ص̬ȣͲʺϵϹ
ôᣡθϽĮҲҴĴҴ˶*ûؾͽˣ֮ûκθ飬Ҵôܶ˵ˣҴ㿴ϲͺܺѽ
һ̾˳ŹεĻ˵ѽԼҲ˵ˣϲ˺ܺãҲϲˣҪǺ˻飬ֻһء
ңܵõأϲǳһڵ˻飬Ҳֻµء
αˣʲôʲôأ׼˰ЩĻͿˡ
һҲָȥ٣ϾβĿ꣬ԾڴˣѾ޶ˣٰѻ˵̫ǻ϶Ͼκ͹ǴϹͷŽãһˡ
һ֪˼Ͼ˼أ̴ϼȥء
һĽŲܿ죬壬ڹ⻹ѧ񶷵ȣʱһ˻Ҫúܶࡣ
ô죬Ϊʲô׷¹˼˷ȥأһ
سǰң޺ڹ˼ң˵ȷʵңҲţûԼɹϴЩӦôûһס棬ĵطء
ÿڲŸ²̫ͣȻôˮϴû
һߵúܿ죬ӻưһ·߼СܣڸϵСԺſڡ
СԺԺǹõģƽϴϴ¶ԺɣʱأһɫһҺɫֱͲ㣬ͷǰ㾫µԺ󣬶˸βش
쵽¶ϸСۣسСӣǰһˮ··ڴ°ϴβͷв鷢ɢձߣˮʪճϣḧصüۣؼֱȥĨͷҪ죬ˮֱմϺͷϡ
뿪˹˼ңû˷̣һжÿԼһƵͬʱһжҪΪһҹһҹϲú͵ƶõ㣻һԼϴ·֪ԭϴ·ѵĲǴϴ׶Σšɣһ˯ڰӲĴϣǵ˯ž
عѵӣҲɵӣûҪÿ켸𡢼밲Էû˶ˡˡվָָ㣬ûĿ⿴뿪
һֻ쵽ǰѵҵͷ͵̧ͷһһ˿Բľϲ
һЦŵͷǰɰұﻵˣڳù˼ҵʱܳˣЩûȥͼݣȥҹ𣿡
һ£ÿ綼ȥͼһһڣͻͼһ磬һ顣
ͼݵĲǳ࣬׸׵󣬰Щ鰮ֻ֣ϧñʼǻעֻܿҲܽġ
һȥҹԼûȥĻȴ̽ת˵Щæûüȥ
һͷûв˻ʧ䣬Ц˵ûȥȻͰһˣ²£Ҹʲô
һû˵ΪЩѾصģ
üе˵Щɣ
һŴ죬ŵ˵ô֪𣿡
˵ţһʹԼǸСóΪİˣǹԴʵԣװ˼顣
ֻק·ԽԽֱָⷢסол˵˵˳ϣһЦ
СԺǼѵģһһЦݣҲƷһ˿
˭ػɣһǻǸԣ͵


81 
ϴػѧŵ㣬գһ㲻ᣬκͰǶֲ壬ͺʹҲ졣ȥһ٣̫ǣرҵԺһ˼ңǼˣһˣסһŴӸڡ
ÿ춼һӳԵķغ˵ãÿ¸Էʳѣÿ쵽ˣȥԾС
Ժܹˣء˼ңҪԺһʶġذʱ򣬾˵⻧ס˸С㣬ǴҹС㣬˱֮ЫС㡣飬Ժ棬ס˴£һ涼ûš
ز˭һԺӣֻҪС
һܲһȥҳԷһͷɣԼȥԶٺõġ
һȥһ˿Ĳ˴Ŵ羫µ壬ؾԼȥʡ
磬ʲôС㡢˼̣ȹ˼ҴԺ˻ҪЩ
һʲôִҪѣ͵⡣
ʵҲûѣԭ·Ȼ࣬ϡʽҲǹ˼СǵĵΣȻӹ˼ҳߴæ˽һȥЩױΣʲôҲûϣڻŴļѣԼȥµġ
ʽףϴֲڣʤڱˣزġȻǵһһǰ;δãʱʱ̿̽ǡڼ󡱶֡
һ˺һڼ仹ͶŵϣסһԺ̧ͷͷ˵һҲЦŻӦ
ԭԸûŮ֮ǰһǷǳܻӭģںŮƾ󣬾ͷ·˸һǰα
һ֪ʲôֲڹŴ˲ӵϲ֪ΪΣ˺Ȼ˱ʡ
ƣϴȱŮ˷ֻӵȡӵȵĴʻ㣬ԶȱµĴʻꡢŮˡ
һܶණܶѧϰԭĻ䣬İȴûһΪαԵ
ɼ̵ˣͺ׽ϲôһأ
СС磬Ǿ飬Сӳ޸Ϊĸά磬Ըѧʽֳ֡ӰӡС˵ȵȣСӳ䡣
ǣӳĹУҲƫ޸޷ֱȥٿشߵӣǿԸıСԴ顣
һ룬ϸıСС᲻Ҳı˸СӳĳƷľ飬Ӷ½ӴⲿƷˣĳЩĿ˼Ҳıˣԣ޸ֲŻԾƫĳŭ
ֻǲ֪һûвŮİߣûӰСߣ᲻ҲӰ쵽ĳЩƷľ飿
һһߺ˵һ˼Щеûģע⵽ؿųˡ
ز̫ͷǰẓ́ӵķʽ뿪˴ŻͲٵˣֻм򵥵ĵβԵûʰǣͷ÷Ȧ̳һӣһ򵥵ľӾͷ÷
ضǰЩ鷢Եңĳѡһ׵£һɫףǰδйĴϣһע⣬ͱ¶һ˿ִ١
סڣڼﶼ㲻úɫơϲҲصװǼ˲ٳֵģҪׯ̫̫ҪάסǸӹĶȡ
ⲻ֪ӹʱֻڳĬȡ
һأǰһԶ׼ľɫԵ˸ɾ䣬Ưú֣
ϲȴ˵컬࣬ڰ״䣬Ưˣ
ʷǲֻأһ֪֪ʱпǸֻءһЩѧ¡װȣȹڼʮδС
һЦ˵Ŀģĺܺÿܳʡ
һϸʣģ㵹˵˵ҵʲôʣ
Ҳһʣֻһ˵ÿ̲סȸԾΪʲôÿǺܹġ
һȴ󣬱ǽǺ÷㲻ʡ
ؿһ
ûʳڣһһͻָЦݣߴسţȻȥŶӡ
ʵϣǼŶӣÿӴĿ˶ǰԤԼģԣһǰһѾȥλˡ
Щ㱣ղһɫ·Ĵһ㣬ɷϣһǾ仰ĪЩɬԭһôߣΪ˳ʶʱ˵̬ȣһ˲ô
˳ưִ⣬һȥתȥش֡
򵥵Ĵ֡֫ӴѾСˣһ˾֣ñΡ
̲ס룬һ϶ǰͻᣬҲϲ
غ˼֮ʣ˻û߽ſھȻˡˡ
ҲִſڣһΪεڱ˴֮ת
һȿڣЦ˵ϸСҲ𣿿ǻѡ˵طϸģֵһĲζ϶
ɫѿĸĹϵʵӡǹϵˣԼǹǰޣһҲǹϵİߡ
ڣһûɵĻᣬ򵥺͹϶˴˸кͺһ
ͷ۵̫ѨѯҲ֪ôҪǻһң
ûа㲻ˣʣðҰɣ֣ôعϵôã˻һԷΪ˻飬Ӧúй˼˹ϵòŶԡ
ûôϵ˵αԹ˵ظйͬ⣬˶ϲ飬ԭߵһȥġڹϵòãֻǽסǼңǼҲȥ˭á
Ҳ֪ûţ˼ضһؿ
һͬؿţҪʱϵͳĶԻ
ͳӣϲɣҲӦزŶԣһ֮ǰͰᵽ˼סģԭûٸĨڣڹ˼ǰأô鲻һˣ
װȣҳˣΣУ£˵ĵ˵𣿡
ϵͳ޷ش⣬ֻ˵ϼӦһ£ԶһߣԼǷߡ
һÿ粻ֹһ𣿡
ϵͳһһ۵ػش𣺡˵ǲеģ֮ǰ073磬ֹ߱˶¼
һʲô߱˶棿Ѳɻܶң
ݹ˵˲Ӧøˣǵ衣û߲ܸǣ
Щ⣬׷ϵͳϢϵͳͲ͸¶˵ϵͳҲûиߵȨ֪ࡣ
һĽŲ˿ͣٻȴ룬޸ôΪ
޸ϸֺ󣬾ȻΪߡ
޸ֵ߷֣һķ֣СԹȽֱȽϺãѡа󶨳Ϊߡ㹻󣬱ãԻСݵĻᡣ
һԭסùʵģ׬Ǯ
޸ΪһǶǼලߣôͻỨѴʱ;ȥСˣȥ޸ڲְߡ
һӴĹҪŲ꣬һ綼ܻʱˡ


82 ò
ϵͳĶԻһ˽⵽Ŀǰ޸ֻûĵףǷԸһȥ̽޸ֵĵף
ôţһ㡣
ֻһе¶Ҫȵ극˵ʳӦñôĲҪԵԵøɾ
һĽص͡òͣ˵ĳԷʽѧ˳ԷҲڹ˼֪ôԾС
ڹ˼ңصϼңʳ޲ﱻΪǼõļҽ̣ΪԷʱ˵˵ü˻ˮ
һؼȲ˵עˣҲǽЩصˣò͵ĿҲС̸һǳʱ䣬꺮ů
˵СҲ󣬲һǻһС̨С٣ůĵƹ⣬͵֣ѯĵˣصĿһգ۶᲻á
ʹغһŷ֣ԼĵЩࡣΪԽʻ粽С
û뵽Ӧೣ˵Ǿ仰г·ǻˣ˱ܵϣӹ˼ҴԺ߳ˣôᱻסŲ
һᵣأһķˣȴЩڡ
Ϊĳ˵ģеһ֣Լڲ֪УԽԽһûиϵͳԽԽˡ
кôһᵽŴϣҲлһ֣Լʼ˺ҲմȾƫϰߣʶغһء
ػʶ֣Ů죬ȻңҲнŵˣѵνġǧС㡱ҹ㡱һûж
ٷһԽԽˣϵЦԽԽ
زˣɻͬʱȴҿֱһ뵽˽ʱĹ϶ˡ
һ˼ҽסʱĻĶһǰ͹ϵĹϵ˵ǰһϲճŹϣĵһӦǹ˼Ҵ̡
᲻ᣬһڻϲϣԿϺһ𣬲Żѹ
ԽԣԽⷹ˲óԣ˵ζ⡣ԽԣԽꡣ
˭ϣʱһµ棬һ˵ǸҺָֻ̫ˣԼı£ȴ㣬ΪǽεεĴС㣬᲻Ӧ
һ£һ⻰˼ˣԣһղŲˣΪ
Ҫسһɵ˵˵ҲȫȷʵûԼ֮ǰҲ֪ܸɳʲô£Ҳлл㣬пԼĻᡣ
һչ¶ЦݣһЦǸֵлģôô
ֵƳһһۣȿͷġ
ߵ˻ָģһߵĹ϶ˣȴܡ
Щһأôô겻ɢϲôͲǴɡ
ҪǰһԤغ͹˻飬ֻزȥңûǱ£ֻһʹԱ֪Ԥλһż
Ϸ겻ѣռŮһֱöԷÿͺ͹һǿɰġġãˣֻҪУżСƢԣǲ̫֣Ȼͺܷˡ
һ뵽һ嵽طӣڿص飬¶һųֵģпע⡣
ЩͷۣЩͼֵܲãĸﻰⶼ˵ã䵱˼Ҵֻ̣̫̫ܵһأ̵λȻˣ˼ȴбѡ
ռЩһֱó⣬һЩȨƵУ˼ҿûйٳϵֻϲУû⵽ĵطƷ͹ȥҲЩطıȨ󡣶ҽЩ꣬˼һֱ·үʵڲһܺõˣûʲôֹۣҳȢ̫̫˲֣ʵЩ꣬Ĺǣֻ竱˶ѡ
˼ôֻһ΢гϢϵĻ¿϶Ҫؾ
˼ȱٳϵԸѡأˣĿǰԪͷʢռҲǲѡңռŮǰͺϲϣռֻôһŮԺռҵĲҵͶŮһ޸˼ң˼ҪǮǮҪ϶ָǰٹ⡣
ΨһõľǣǶŮ丸ǸǳˣҲŮܲŮޣܻŮ׸
˼ҲֹһӣҪͶȥ׸ҲԣϱϾǹүļ̳ˣϣܹԹأȻ΢شռҵļױǹ˼ҡ
ү̴üã٣ûһĳ֣ԭ趨ΪΪһеˣռҵȫʲҲպߡ
һˣռҵʲȫϣҪ߹˼ҵȫʲ
һҪúûţܸıصˣԭԭ³ǳңݺŮĸֳ±ǣŮȴܴȵزƽϣŮˡ
ϸôΪʱѾûռΪĸսƵѡ˸棬һ
֮ǰѾ˹ˣϸռң
ԭϻԭ˶ʲôˣϺҲѬĵˣһͬκһˣǣ¹һԼһҪȥľ
һϢܰ丸ԭĹȨݲ࣬ŮŮİ飬ԼŮ֮Ĵƾ
Ժһ͹֮ϵ٣⣬˦С
үͼһҲ˼ݽԼٶǮҪһǮ׼ҡһһ㣬ڹ˼סܾãܽ˴̽ϵȥ
ȻһɲԼȥԴ̫̫ļ̸ܡȲ׿ڿ϶ϲϣҲ˵ϣһһѹϽи磬ù˼ΪߣպҲԽƱԼǰѹϵ桰׸硱
ڹ˼һװװˣҲϹϣûʲô£ɲϸǰա
ǹϣһһˣһһǱ߿
һŹϣϿһء
ϼصĴһֻùǰһΣʱʱѾˣأȻҲƯȴһƤң
ڵغڹ˼ҴԺŵشһûͿĨ֬ˮۣûлѣżأȴ㶯ˡڹ˼ҴԺܱ˭һ飬˿˾Ͳˡ
ڵأһʱ˫ˮͫһﺬ飬ȴ侲Ҳ˼ױ
ϣЩ˵غأͶű˿ʲô˼
͵ػ񣺡Ǹˡ
һҳԷʱ򿴱ˣع𣿡
ϸϽǸͣԲҲڿˣ룬Ϊʲôǹżġ
Щ᣺÷Էû˰ɣˣ㻹ǻؼҳԷɣ˲ԼҳԷܵġ
ϸæ̬ȣһ첻ţһͲؼҳԷҲʲô÷ʲôǰչһµãͺһҵãҲֻá
ǰӢˣɵøпͳ㿴ð˧Ů͸úúϧҪǷҵ磬ǿֻء
Դˣϵͳûֻۣǵһ䡣
һλһ١ߣûøжȵ100Լ˰ɣ


83 
ԺϵͳĶԻһжߵҲ˵Ͷ󣬵϶ĳЩС˵ûٿпӳ䵽С˵ߣΪϵͳĶԻᵽۡ˵ʲôĳĳվܻӭǰʮҲϲĽɫ֮һ
ĻӦöԾ˽һ˵͵һЩһ֪ľ顣
ͣһػСԺˡϲȻҷǼ֣ѵĿѣһ˰ȥġ
ҹɫ̫أư˾ͳСԺȥ
Ϊ˺Ǳܿǰ뿪ԭסʱСȽܶ࣬ûнŵǳ档
ҲһС˵Ů¥ĸо˵ˡһԴָоƮƮȻغ͹˼ֵദ͹͹ǳֵܣֱˬѣͬʱŮǵԱСù˼ֵϲúܡ
Խ˵ŮˣԽϲӦһ仰òĲõġ
֣ԼСôûпС˵ʱˬˣС˵Ůضǽһˬžžôֵˣ澹Ȼòûа㱻ͲϲǱУһ뿪ʱƳһһ˿
񿴲ϵŮˣļϵˣýŮ˲Ŷԣƾʲô
òУһǶܵĴܸУҪڹϺ͹ǵŴһ
ξһĿǷΧڣػСԺ뿪ˡ
ؿһıӰֹһȿڲʲôģǰһһ˵飬˾һ裬һģĥһʱ⡣
Ǹǽ֮£ΨкһһȲ磬ڣǱȤľе˼
뵽ԼһݣһŴһ¹һΣɶҲûУһЩԼõģⶫǰڴŻöϡ棬Լӵʱ򣬲֪ʱһжݳޡ
ƷŻ˶ʮŶľȣҿһԿڲ衣
ڣصϷһ飬һİţص΢Щ
صļʵܺãҲߣ游ʶֵʱ򣬳пҪǸ޾ͺˣڸʱ˵ܶˡ
ǰزʱ䳣ȥͼݺ֪ԭ侹ŮӿѧѧãѧĶѧϰЩĵ֮顣
游ƭˣŮҲܶ飬Ȼǰ˵ˣǮеģϧĲܣΪβȥ顣
ţԼŶʮ꣬Щȥ飬᲻Ҳлῼѧ᲻ҲԳΪһˣһһ飬˾ػͬѧ
ؿ鿴ҹƷͣٳԣҲ˯ˡһζػѾȥ£ֻԽԽġ
飬ظϱʸǣתתӣùľ裬ȥˮϴ
ʱͻ*Ȼһ·Ů˵ĵЦ
͵ɣһȥ˰ҲذɡŮ˵𤣬ؾЩϤĶ
ⲻô㲻ҽȥƺ³ˣһư뿪˻˵
СԺĴŲûĽֵСԺһӴСﾡͷưһֻͣڽֱߣ˿Լ߼·
Ժ·ԽԽСûԺӣסСԺһ·ͣߣѲҲסСԺ
Ů˵Ȼˣؿ˵Ŵûаƹ⣬ֻĺȻ˯ˡ
ûбĻƣҲûҹһ˼ҿ϶˯Ȼ͵ʲô
˵ĽŲһֱСԺͣض϶˻СԺġ
ˣŮ˿ܾסСԺǼˡ˺ͷ˵סݵŮˣǸС㣬Ƥġ
س˵ʳѣһԷȻҲһ仰˵˻ͦģҲֻǿԼӦһʱص罻Ǳǰࡣ
˶κѣҪݵŮˣһĶɾ˵ϾвǸŮ˽ǶҪÿɨһԺӣñŮ˴Ⱦ˲ȥ
زҽѧϵļδģҲûнӴˣͼ￴һ飬ǳǳؽһЩڹxingͨxingΪݵŮˣֻǴԺ߹ڴȾǰɣ˵ˣ˭˵Ů˾һв
زúʲôԷ˼һء֪Կηڹ˼ʱ˽ôһɥǡɨǡ˷ʲôĻˣ֪˵ĶǻпĲ֡
ôţͣ˽Ųһ˫ְľϣŮ˵𣺡϶ȥɣҵˡ
ĳɰҵ㵽ϲٺٺ٣϶˵ţֱסŮˡ
ع˵һɻžƳĸζ
϶Ȱǲǣﶼ˵ˣҵˣԸȥɣҲȳɶˣҿɸ˵ˣֻղ
Ů˺϶һѣ϶ˣңӽ츶Ǯģ
㸶ǾǮ̨ǮɶʱҹҹǮǵףΪҲ֪ҹһ϶ǮƨٵϢ컹Ҫء
̵⣬ӸǮ͵ø˯
Ҿͺ໣
˵һ㲻ѹţС˵Ժӣ**˼ңûһ˿
Ҫ˵˯óû⻰˵ȥظߵԺˮʱĺ˳ܣǺȻ漣ͣˣˡ
ִغ˰Ů˼ĵһȻ˱סصĶ
ˣãС˼ӦҲˣŮ˵ļΪ̶
Щ£һ£˶װ˯ǷǣǲҲӦ̻ݣżװʲô֪
صԥƺܾãʵһ顣
˺ҵСС
죬Сʲô˯ľżס졣
治ܰŮԥʡ
ܣôܣŮģеľŮƱͣ˼ҸǮ͸ðµġѹ˵˵ˣܺС쵽һģǿ϶ǮˣۼҪðȻͷ˼ңʲô⣿ѾͷȥˣͳСˣ
Ů˵һ˵ǡһ䡰Ӳѡһ˼װ˯
ȴʱšüͷˮ첽ſڡ
ֻһ߿ľţһˮŮ˰ڵϵá
ҹˮЩ⣬ϴˮ趼ױ̼һ飬˵ҹ˸Ǳܵüһʲô
عϵò˯ˣ͵ظʲôأŲұץ񰡣
ػ˶ʮ꣬һγɤӴ󺰣ǰܵŮ˾͸ϸĽȫͬڶʵҲ£һơ
ԣ߬ľ裬򲻹ʱľ赱ơ
˱غһɤӣҹҲ̫سɶΪǸŮˣҲ˲ϱڵϵŮˣ˾һʪ·ǽܡ
ؼˣ˿ϵŮȻǱҲˮûܵ˺ӵ΢¹⣬ء
лһֻû˵ڣŮ˾;õɴۣ㣿


84 
ؿΣҲأôҲû뵽ĳټ
ԭСԺסľȻΣǧģһ涼ûϡ
ûʲô˵ضľ裬תȥ
εǸģŹˣȥʣιлˣҸʮԪ͵лɡ
ȷʵͦȱǮģļױһֵȥ֧ʦˣһҪʮԪǮúܾˡ
εǮҪ
ˣǱǳˣҾǳ
´أſɲ񱻳˴Ӵģ룬һû˯ӡ
ӴҪҪ𵽴˵֪ͼУҿ뱨ġδ˵·Ҫ˵Ժ˭һ
ͷҲص˵㡣
˵꣬ͿԼӣš
վ棬˸ֳۣ˿ĭЩ׵˯
ڶ죬һأϻȥ󣬲سԷ¡үȻˣǵռҽ׵Ĵ㣬ûж˵ʲô
ү̬ȣһӲĿŵء
ȻһҲ£ҹģܲһ쵽ɶҲɽհɣǵǮĹһ˹һӵġ
һǸڷǰСԺģؾʡһٷȥԺõġ
Ҳǵһμһˣ棬Сվżϣָһʣ˭
ĸүæǮңûжʱӣСӽû٣ɤŵС
ػ·ôһɤӣʱüͷ
߳Сһ£û¸ǰ㣬ȥ棡
꣬ŤͷһˣЦʣҪôӣ緹ˣ
ǰؽʲôû˵Լգֻ˵ԼءϲԼգأأŲ
˾͹ӣʱͺȫһ
Ӧ緹ҵģҳȥԡ
үүźľ֣ڣĿ͸¶źһ˵
Χȹϲ˲״ʣӴ첻ճȥ˶𣿽ԣһٵûǮɣ
Է·˵ԣСԺˣ˶ͻȻƯŮˣ˭ءŮˡᡢƯеǮ⼸һ˼Ҳᡣ
òᣬݵͬаɣ
زɵӣ뵽үүһ¾ͺˡ
һûвЦ˵ҲԲ˼ںõģǲòȥȻһʱҲŹ¸·⻹ûء
⣬Ʋ¶ףķҪСһʹ˸ɫ˲ٶ˵ſȥ
ݵĴԺӣԺӵĹսԺţż磬Ĵϣĥһ˵Ļ
ҲŹ
ǰʱϲеȦӶڴ˼Ҵү£Ҳ˲ٴš
˵㿷֮޵ģ˼ŮһѣãصҵһǰˡҲ˵ǹ˼ҿң֪ǰʱռҰŮ͵˼ҴԺסùϺ飬Ȼ顣
˵ΪˣκģΪعѣռŹ˼Ҵ̵λãñ˭
οǧ˳ϷģǧΪ׽飬ôȥǧ˵ˣ
صδȦӵĿ˵ò࣬󱻸ϳ˹˼ңҲû뵽ȻԼסһԺ
һǻƺػҹϲĹ˼Ҵү˻飬Ȼûзֵʲôö
ιվǶбţ͵һ˵һŤͷԼϰ鶢οתͳδĴ㣬ϣ
η˸ۣ˾䣺ֲûϲĹô࣬һӡ
ʰһ£ݻѣʱԼŴȷˣŤ뿪СԺ
ǧ˲࣬ϣζȥǧǽưһ·СԺܵĺԶһƬƶߡ
ķӵͰɢǰש߷ȫȻͬϲǼĽֵ
˵Զģư۵ϣϵˡ
θǮҵһ߷ߡ
洫ʳζεʱڳԷ
һҰ˿ڣΧһķľϣֳָϸĵӣеĺ棬Ŷŵء
裡γ溰
һʮ긾ŮվϲؿΣѽզˣûķ
ЦҡͷǺͼ˵˻ʣ裬⼸ؼû
εҡͷû˵ѧУлæɶϸ϶ǮûأɽʡúܣһǮһ֡
ΰ֣ΪǮ£Ǵѧûɶƿɸɡ
ȥѧУˣ⼸춼ѧУʲôء
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淣𼱰³Ե㣬ȷʵûĺóԣǶٳԵ¡
ҡͷתߣ˵ԼӼ߳·ûлưֻԼߣ߱ߴӰ̵ȼ
˾Ǳߴſڣվã̼ϣһûôȼ
α淣ΡǧϰĻǼŮ滹ܵܡ
ʮ꣬ȫϲСԲϷ˼ҵѾߣôǮϷתҤȥշתǧ
αûãҲˣ֪ġܵܣϴѧɣСĻԷڳϣȶŵء
εǧ׬˲Ǯҵ˼ˣ͵ܵȥ飬Ҳѧȫ˵ҫ
οʼеܵɵĴѧѧѣÿѧУѡ
ʼջǽεְҵ͹Ҳؼңϲ˴ԺסšԺͻһһ磬Űصˡ
ܵɣȫ˵ĽҲεĽ¸ܵܶˣһ㲻ȥɡ
⣬ߵǱߴ˼е˻ư緹Ҳûԣȥѧ
һߣһ˺ܶĵ̳꣬͹ݡС̵ȵȣŮˣŮ˵ҪƾѧͼûϹѧҲûѧʲôͱ˶˿ӵʱŷͼһż
һϸķ磬ôҲƴѧҵŵڣأȻΪûж鱻ط֮⡣
ػؼңһҪ뿪ʱվŵ̨£̧ͷأϴѧ𣿡
һ㶣ϴѧҪбҵɣ
һͷԭûҲԼμӿԣͨ˾ܶȻѧҲˡ
һһҲ˴˵϶ûЦ˼
ϴѧ붼¡Ѿʮˣܶѧ
һ˵ڿԿĴѧЩȥûкʵģ⻹УĽҪָҲҪȥܹǮǾȥ飬ѽҲˡ
ؿЦҡͷǮǮӺ
һҪ˵أſڴһŮ˵ιѧͼȱԱǽţȥͼݵˡ
βŸ߸Ь̤̤߹ӿúܣֹֻȥһָֻŷţֱ߹صĴ˵ҲغһʲôӦֵŵŵŲŸ߸Ь߽ԼݣٰŹϡ


85 
һ˿żڴĽţ˶סˡ
λصԼݺ󣬶Ŵ͸϶۲ˡ
ȥţһǲŵı飺ʲôȥͼݹԱ
һ˵ϵ£ûΨһľǣҲͷûиֵĲ˵ɶģֻľ裬׺һģǲӦ˰תһȦûҵһǸ˰ѷˮ
ǰѾµСľ֣ԭ׸һģضȹǼһھƵӺ󣬾ͻһ
뵽˵ġ֪ͼû뵽ôҲôʱ
һ˵лȥԼܹܲʤΣֻҪܽȥѧС
ԥصͷҲǣȻƼŶˣ˵ٷְ٣ɰܳɡֻû뵽λʶͼݵˣû뵽λַʽر
ų˼ʱһǿģЦ˵ºˣйˣͼݹ˵һѧһ߹׬ǮܹǮǾѧˣ
Ҳָһģϲ飬ȻȷԼܲѧϴѧԼȰķ湤Ҳһ׮
ôţߵǰεš
ڿ߹ʱ򣬾͹˺üؿ˵ʱβŻ
ΣŶлˣԺҲᱨ𡭡
ػû˵꣬β˵˵С£͵ˣΣˣ
װͰ͵ģһ£ûмƽϣǿһ䣺лл㣬³֮Է
Ȼزת뿪˿ֻԼüСֹû͹ȥŶˡ
֮ô룬ΪǰԺСӲĲ㣬һСӣһѴ䣬˵࣬˵вԺα֪Ķںܶﶼģһ
ãûкһĶ˿Ϣˡôط۵òУܺúϢȥϰ඼С
ڶؾŽȥͼˣӴͼݵһԱԱſѧУԱʮ־ȣȻУƼˣ̱㿼һЩ򵥵⣬鼮ķ͹Щر¾;ͼݴôʱ䣬ҲԱճģѲ
ûʲôؾʽְͼݡȻԱУƼûôɣǶصѧƾЩ
ڣʱܶ˾Ͳ࣬ؾ󣬼Ȼʶ֣Ҳܸɾ䣬ԱҲʲôˡ
صȥγԷξܾˣ˵ˣ˭ҲǷ˭ٷɲԡ
˱ҲûʲôĽÿһ档
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ͼݹԱĹ˼ҵˣǰźصĹ˼Ѿߴһ»ʮԪأͼݸһ²ŰԪǸߴʮԪһǮ⡣
ѹһСסһݣΪⲻڶˡ
˵ԪĹѾܲܺùһǮ׬ԺõǮáңͼݸɻٻܳʱѧϰ
ÿҪҲѣǱȽ飬鼮ɨоǽĻǼǵȵȣµʱ򼸲¥ܣûµʱͼݵĵǼ̨档
ȻÿϷ⣬ػõԪǮеֲܼʱ䣬ǵһԪɵúˣ˵ڶ͸ǹǮˡȻϣԼڶڸɻڶҪܿϴѧͺˡ
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ôңԶ£ڸÿǵġ
ذͼϰ࣬һ˸æģһñ¿š
ż̧ͷһָۣԵͷȥ
һֱף½ܿ죬붬ԽԽ䡣
ȥһˣԭԪزҲ֪ΪʲôҸһ绰ֻ˼ŸһãЩһҲ绰˵绰˵ܻᱻ˼дżĸεҲá
һ£һȥͼһȻص˼ҡ
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ԭ׼һ˵ף϶ϲһ
һ뱻ߣ߾ζҪԪԪʲô¶ɲˣܴǶ̽Ϣټء
ٲܴ̽õϢǲԪµġ
һЩ죬춼ûͼݣһü춼ûһˣڿʱż̧ͷſڣɫܴһ˿ʧ䡣
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˼Һöýɣ̵ӲˣΪڣһ⣬Ӹ·Ǹģүȥйϻ϶
ιϵԺֵܴǰϲеسѧտΣ˰չүһӦֻʱͬϺ¡
ֻھƲȶү˽飬Ȼҳ˫ҳͬΪɣȰϡ
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ǣذ˹˼ңֻǻûȷе֡
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һ˹ϼ죬ֹں͹ү̸ǰֱȥü͹˼ˣǸЩͨЩϸүʹӣŵ¹үЭ
û뵽ϵֶεǱӸЩȷʵ㡢ֶǿһˣϾ߿ǰһǿˣ̫ܲ
ȥЩһһע⣬Ǿǹϼĵһˣϲ**ĶϷ
ԭûôᵽϷһ֪ʲôǵȹϼ˺һŴԭǶġ
Ķ֣ںϲмİɣǷ˰Ҳ**صСҲ͸صjfйϵ
˵ϾǱ׷ɱôֺ˻쵽һȥ
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һĳȻƣԭ۰ϣӴϡϵ£ܶʵȨָһһޣԣһҸ㡢ֿɿ˽ύ
һĳػСԺͻȻ˽ύѡ


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ĿڵǼǲϵĵַĿ
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ɲ֪ͼݹֻΪһֿƹʵεĵط˵££Ӧòһ㣬ռйء
˼ŸԼĺµһռҵĸϲУû̫Ӱ죬ǣɺҪһ飬һӰԪƵĻ顣
һ뿪ɶԿףҲڿһˣֵֵΣôûĵˣɿ
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һ÷иشͼݳԵģǴӷ˳¥ģǾʱľʳһԷˣܹ㡣
Ҳû뵽Ȼôʢ˲ͼڳԷζػӰ쵽ͼˡ
غͬ˵һȻͺһȥͼݺһͤԷ
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ͼﶼϡĲ飬ǲģȡů豸ûУյò𣬵Ȼûа¶ȡͼˣȫ£֫䣬Ŷ·ָۣǶдֶ̲ס
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һЦ˵ϲȾͶȵ㣬ǵӳԱĲˡ
̲סһڣʣʲôӣ۳ôʢ
żһҲسԷܲ˼δһͣ˻һһлأǵصľ״һҲٴسرģȻسе
γôʢ̲أô࣬ػΪԼˡ
һЦſأãõ̲סױů͵Լզģл
¶ʮգˣһЦһ˿Ρ
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꣬˵ǰ;ãʱţ⻹ֻǿʼյ㣬Ѿ˹ϣֻҪŬһ㣬ǰ߾С
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һ룬ӰԺ˵ɡ
ȵ°ܸ࣬һӰ
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ҪڵӰԺƬѴ˵ɺڡ
ʱ˻ûע⵽·ˣȵӰɢ󣬶ߵʱ򣬲ſͬʱ͹ϡ
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Ҳû뵽˹ϣһ˵ɺϣҲЩˣȥӰԺһģζϣһǵԼԼ£ȥżϣ
һ֪Լһα˸ˣӣûǹࡢ߸ϿϷ̬ӿһʹһ˿
ڷһʲôһ


87 
ǰϻܺһάֱĺƽӣֱ˦ɫһҲƨɣûǣһ뿪
߳ӰԺһ¾ʹ굽˵Ĳֱ¡һŴ£Ҳ£ϲеĺħ͸·һʹͷ
ӰԺСԺȽԶȻҪưȥȻֶԶյʱ
ؼҵ·ϣظĬ˵ǰҲǴ̣ڵĳĬһǰ˶óĲˣȴɫǸ˻ǲˡ
СԺſڣһסҪŵأֱӿʣ㲻𣿡
΢΢һƮûе¡
һƶ˵ѡ
ЩˣѣһƭΪżڻ˵Ժ֣ÿζڴȴδζķѡ
ôһʲôӣܺ۸
ַӦԼпӣˡ
һﶼðˣϽʣǾòԣֱ˵ǣڣѲ͸̹𣿡
һðͻȻһˮ£ѣ
һ̣ͻȻˡѡ֣Ҳʱˣһʲô飬ǲ˵İ顣
ѹʮһûй˼ˣǸˣﶼûԭĶˣͲˣŮˡ
һʱԼģȴ˸˵ЦһŮˣŮϲŮ˵һͬΪŮˣֻѣһڻ˵ʲôأ
һ֪Լľ仰˵òˣشӷŭήĻһЩģٴ׷ʵô
û˵ؾͿ첽߿СԺŹϣһ˵ûˣȥɣҲ㲻õ𡣡
ô˵ȴ˭Ҳûߣһվţվš
΢ЩŭŤͷ͸ŷ쿴ˣֻһ̾˿˵Ҳ֪ʲôòʣǽڵӰԺ˹϶ˣǸ治֪Ҳ֪ǻӦǾԲȥӰԺġ
ذŷ죬ɻ㵱治ǹģ
Ȼһ͵ϴڲҲұ⣬ϲ󣬵óԺĵطҲôʵɺϡ
سһţСʣԹϺʲô
һһ£ԭǵһɵЦңǴ
ǹ˼ҵѾߣһ˵ǲɵˣ޴ޣҲǡ
ʱķ·𳤳˳򣬿ؿڷɳȥˣĵĿϲ˵͹÷ǰ˵
˵޵˾ǹϣ𣿡һӹسɲ˵Ļε˵˵ǻʱҲʮ꣬ʮĺӣ˼벢죬һʱϷ԰ˡŮ鰮ûģʶѶѡƵİ鰮
మѡˡʦİ֮İҶԹϣΨû鰮λֳʵ㲻һʺиˡ
һҲֱܹ͹ˣȻͱˣֻǱĬذԭԹϵİͳɶֳꡣ
һ˵꣬š֨ѽһˣɫЩΣȿȣ֪ˣȥɣɾһҲˡ
һЦŵͷõģʱſڵء
شߴٵҲ̫ȥѾԺˣܰȫȥ
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һߺ󣬿첽صԼݣñգŷպ÷̡Ҳ֪һûذյشһ
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ѹ߬ȭͷְкˣЩˡһȥֱۡ
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ؿһֿɬ˽ǰ˭еأɿɬԴڣ޷۸֪Է
һ޷˵ıƣػø٣ǡһʱڵɣûע⵽ص쳣
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ˣд£ν󣿾ȹʵЩ˼룬Щ⣬ЩҪѡվӵġ
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ȻҲԼƫѡ񣬵׷ģܺһغϵĵطǶ˾ǻ顣
ͼݣȻǳһģû뵽ء
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ۣȻܾ˿ȥҾ졢̽Ҵʲô
һգ˵Ҫˣ¾̽֡
ɵɫһģʹഺĴСģЦȴ͸¶һ˿͵ĴݣɲС
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ɴʱһ񼸺ݣܿ죬ָֻƽ
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ҸȥʱԪminfaԺг
˵̸һ磬ʱһԼϵʽԺ£Ǿͼ档
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ҲѾϷǶ֪ĶԼٵģ
Ϸаѱڹϣϲûб𣬷£Ϸһһͣס˼ҡ
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СӵǺУС˵·ԳŮѪߺͶ߶ܻΪԼһġʵҲ֮ˡ
һŮ޹ص˵ĻԽһ˵вԽ
Ϸ⣬һЩװϵϺʸϵĹˣܾܿϷš
һΣҪƻϷ͹ϵĹϵ
żһЩ͵ĵƬϷĳЩƬϵðլӣĳٹ˵ĸۡ
һû뵽ǣƬϵˣϷһЩϲеصĴ⣬иһʶġˡ


88 
һϷһƯŮ˽ǧƬϣεһϴ
û뵽ξȻϷйϵ
ں̨ױ˻ױš
ʲô߰һ˵˵ױûãô衭
û˵꣬ξһϤ
ңС㡣һվſڣЦݣҺϰ˵ˣռСһʱ䡣
ǮʹĥǮһǧ㣬һҲܻǮռһ˵ʱ䡣
λͷüô㣿ŮҲҳ̨
̨ĻΪӵʱ䲻ҹǰĳ˯һϡ
˵ǧţӦ˵ģƤԹŲϣʱΥ⡣ʮͱҤӣǧõˣ٣ǧѵ˶Ǯˣֲѡ
δʱûѡֻڻ֮ѡûôҵ·
ݿòٵĹ֮£жʹֻ࣬Լ֪ˡ
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һͷЦСˣҷ̨ͬˡ
ԣ˸ۣ˵ɡ
һ֮ʱαΪˣ߸ϵĸǧ𣬶飬ܹܺõĽʮֿЩˡ
һʼҲϲأû뵽ڼſڱؾˣ֮󣬵ǶظĹࡣһҹ㣬Һ͹˼Ҵү飬ԼȻκμظɻӣҲ𽥷ظɻԽԽӦ֣һˣһԼЦƶЦ潵ˣںؽӴҲò˵ļǿȾ
ʱصռСһһزϲϧһһЦģ˲ȥЦˡ
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ڴֶһ٣ٿؾ
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ϷΣ˵ҪΡϣϰúùӡֱƿڴǲpiaoǧ̨һΣ˵ļԪʱʮԪҪǰȢؼңţǲˣ
Ǯ˾úܣһۿϷ˼˲ɢεʱǰҹȥϷ󣬱Ϸ˴Ӽȥӵϣɶˡ
μ˺þأϧǲϷϷλλǵطװͷӣľָӵˣͨǵġ
һδϷξͬͲӵֱֱȥһȫ˵ˡ
һע⵽ᵽƺǲἰĵװͷӣԭʸϵȨ
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һ㶣ΪһһģϾͬͬһʱˣõһƵġ
ʲô˼ɻ
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⻰һβſʼһ˿ɣѰĴύƲɾ˭˭˭ĹϵǣһϷ²Ϊ˵ĽύлиӵĿġ
һ뿪βЩ£һһϷʲôһҶһ룬ǲضǣֻҪǶ˲֪飬պ£ҵǣҲֻʵ˵ƲɾϵС
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һȻǮռһʱ䣬ֻСʱʱҲžŵ࣬ǧ̨ʽλ̨費Ϸˡ
һǮǵһϣԽϢһ϶óȥں̨ؼҲһû˵ʲô
Щķȥ˼һ˭ʲô£ǮŲЩءңһҲûҪܣ˼ҴϢˡ
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ע⵽һÿÿأЩʱͨ绨ƿ¼ܡ·ЬӵȣʱǺܵϲľߡ
ͬԸ졢̶ܽҲˣȴһ̸
ʱδӴ⿴ദǢﾹȻһ˿Ľ
ȥƼţǶûԷлǷ˵ǲһǲῴ
ǰҲйѣͼ֮ǰǷǳСʱˣԴȥշתأύĽҲǸеģеѰ˾ͼˣѶеžȾˣеĸңЩ̬ĶͣڱԺֱһϯ֪Ķȥˡ
δδദһذŮˣ顢ˣʵ¡Ϊߣʱһֺ˲һ
ʶذѡһΪ˾Ǹˬøס
룬ûпܣһҲܺһ˵Ժ̸۶Ķáһദ
β֪ǣһ֮䣬ɲǽú˵Ĺϵ
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һ׬ôǮҸﲻ˵š
ΪؿΣӴզˣԭϰˣϰ˼ҵ̫̫ˣ
ηһۣܵ˭ǮǮ
޸ϷĹϵֻһպٲϢһصȦӣǲ׾٣
οžױݾµԼһ߸пԼòһߵԼĴ


89 
һõϷĵ鱨дżĸԭ
Ļ͵һϡ֮⣬ŵҲˡ
Ѱ˼ҼŶȥʾֻȥ籨ĵطһߣΪ˱֤żԣҪżš
ֱϲУлΰռҹܼҵĶӣ*ҵĻƹܼҸ꣬ĸĶӴСȥѧϰ͸񶷣һֱǿһԺĺ֣Ҳ飬ϲ͸һ
ɼһõϷ鱨ԴϿһϲСΨһŮ£ѻΰһΰ֮ǰԼڣŮĵġ
һʵʵڹ˼ңͽҲΪűڣȻһѾˣֵûڣ治˵ʲôʱ¶˾ͱɱ
⣬ռϲӣҲһȥҲᣬԼŮˮƽ
һֱӰﵽԸǣߣѾϵ˲нĺ
ɵ̬ӦҲ˺ܶ˶ʼµһıһҲ⣬ĿǰǺһһϵˣ˵ͼλŵżǻɵĹϵ
ҲϵʽһǶ֪Ŀǰŵĳ̫ҪˣҪ£
һɺҪӪֻҪֹϷĺĳ̶ֳϣҲǺˡ
ϷѾˣǱصһɲûв鵽˭ڰ
һ֪ˣǹϡ˼ҺռҲͬռȨ˾ʵʵȨա˼ȴͬǹүϻץŹ˼ҲҵʵϹ˼Ҳҵһϵ˶ѾͶ˹ϣӹүͱܿˣԲŻں͹ϵĶУ
ӵĹϵʮ΢ѪԵǣҲоϵͺŴܻɵԼĳͶԼĶһûеĵǣŮİ׵Լһǣ棬׳ìܡ
һŮ͸׵ĹϵԻͣһŮŮˣΪΨһԵȻȻŮˣŮҲŮˣ޺ġѪԵŮˡͺܶĻϲ̻ŮĹϵܣͰŮʤһ㣬ΪŮԶӣ˲вˡ
ֹϵŮ뽿ɰͻ׵ĳ谮ΰٻˣֻҪһŮʣΪһøС
ԭˣλɲʲôˣͬǡԭŮжԵԭȨ裬ȴԺԱȨ
ռұϳԸĨʹȴǰŮһ˿ͬ顣
һȡôͶתͶӪʿԱպռҺһһĽ֡һȡΪԼΪռҵľ޶Ʋ
ҪƻϷĹϵΪʲôһͲö֪ˡ
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˵Ԫиɱļץˣӵϲ
ԪоϲЩ룬صװҲͬһԪеץ֣治ץֻܰ顣
ԪǱڻϲеֹͨϣϲеЭ飬ץ֡
Ŀǰ˫ڹͨУͬЭӦ¡һã֯ɱӦûᾡ찲Ѿ¶˸Ͻ뿪ϲС
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ԭɵϢ٣һǰȥϵʦѹ֪ˡԭҲȷʵûˣɱ˭һҲ
һãɿºԪĴɱѲ˸ϵ
˼ֱڵߣԭ£ͽһܾú˺ССġ
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ԣʱһصҲ࣬ÿһһϢգһƵ󲿷ֹسԶٷ߿Ӱһ仨԰
һæҲУÿͼݵĹ⣬Ҫѧϰѧ·ݿѧڿѧǰ뵽ѧѧʸԸ̿ࡣ
뱨רҵҲȤйأѧӢѧרҵ
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뱨ѧӢѧרҵһͨѧϰӢģĶһЩƷʱܹһֱһ룬ԼҲƷһ棬óʱӢѧרҵ󻹺ܸߣ⽻ĻԼóлԼרҵҵһЩjianżҲҪġ
صȤڴˣҲΪԼδ㣬ĿǰΪʺϵרҵ
ص뷨ڸյͼݹʱͺһ˵һҲǲѡȤ͹Ҫһ£һѧˣպлҲкܴ
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һʱæͬҲæÿץһһʱѧϰ㲻ҵ
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һ֪æͼݶȥأΨһһϢգҲȥˣʹͼ￴ѧϰ
ǺԼȡżʱ䣬һźûȥأﵽ֪λôµš
һ˰죬ʲôҲûҵ
ʵԴȥԪкһѾûյɵˣһҲȷɻûҲţֻΪɻûң뿪
ȴû뵽һҪ뿪ƫƧʱسܵĶ档
͸ϲ֮ķ϶ӣشǱߣһƹȥһ顣
һӹⱾ飬򿪲رԵһҳ棬澹Ȼһš


90 
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91 
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үʹ̫̫ϲ̨棬ϾŮǿգ˼ŶǸӣĻȥμϷ硣
İҪһûȥҲͲ˵ʲôˣƾʲôȥˣȥȥˣһһ˺͹ϵĹϵô죿
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92 
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Ǻйϵǹ˼أ
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ϱϺã£ﾹȻͶĵжĺôѱȻĵ˰ͨ˭϶˯ž
ʵԩˣӣӳԺ֣ʲô⡢ʲôϵӸװôණȷϯˣֻϯʱ͵һľǳǡþϯ֮ûãľˡ
ǽǵŮݲμӵϯȻǸڹߡһ棬ȷʵҪǵĹ˼Ҷүݣһ棬ҲҪ̼һ¹ϣùϳԴס
ҲȷʵԸϳԴˡλߺλߵĳԴױǲһģλ߳ԴˣֻܼǺ޵ˣҷһЩ޹ؽҪСƢλ߳Դˣȴַܷλߡ
ͺñССԴˣױСֻ߰ڳί̬ԴˣȴֱӰСߣǶ١һһʩѹ
ϲλߵʩѹʽĳԴףҵ˼ɽĹǺŹǵ棬ʾȨ·һץ֡
һĻҲ̼˹ǣҲϲִֵȻǰϣϾϲĹĿꡣǸ뿪£˭ҲûߣȻĿڣϷҲ㲻ɶʱߵģֻ֪˵ʱ򣬹˼˸ǡ
һ֪ûĵط˼ֵܺһһŮϷ룬Ҳ֪һת˻˲Ϸɵͷյ˹ϣͬ˼Ҳ꼰
һʱûȥĿ겻ǹ˭Ҳƻ˭˭˭ĸ飬æԼغúûȥ
ҸСطǮȹһͺáսҽƻ˵û⣬ͷԼҲܰȹһ
ȻҪǣغķһ㣬ܿͷǸҪʹȴѵһ㣬ڵ㹻ʹ࣬ѣһУΪԼѵؿԼδһδԼƬصδ
һΣպͻɣǱҲ˳˿ԣֻȽĿԽ֪ڴδ᲻ᵽ


93 칦
游ԣжһص츳ǱŮ֮µģѧϣչֳǰķȫͬ츳
ǰķ˵óĻƣһأĿơ
ص֪Լϵʱ˻ͼϰ࣬һȵõϢرϲ
ڹ̨Щ£ˣǲζţܶˣ
ʵԵʱΪѧ̫˶˵Сûнܹ˾ĽĺʷӢĵѧƶãѧȴҪ
˭Ҳ벻ǰѧʦķ磬һѧֻʮ֡ڣķԼѧˣѧôſٺҲá
һ˷ܵسͼݱϲʱˣԼˡ
ôܿأѧֻʮְػع һӦһˡ
һ֣ҿûƭ㣬ȥʵУҲ㿼ˣܸѧ
һǱ߸մ̹ص£Ͼڿǰ죬Ϊɵ鵣ģһ浢صĿԡ
˵껹ٿһʱ䣬Ǳ߾ͻ˷һķ⣬ѧסѧᣬ˵ʡǮ
ͷˮһθڣڽԵɡ
ѧ⿼ԣѧűؿĿʷƵȵȣлп뿼רҵĿͺĸ߿ȫˡ
ѧ⣬ԹԣͨѧһûҲ˻
صѧֻʮ֣ѧȴűƽ֡ʷ͹ġ⼸ţͬʱڿĶ⡣רҵеѧͨʷȵȣصȤڣԼֻ˳磬ȴ֪Ĵٶͬһ쿼Ƕһݵġ
ؼѧϺȵ£ܳɼҲǰȫѧġȻ˾ѧôûм񣬲ѧҪѧҪżڴ˻ϣܳɼĻ֡
Уصĳɼ󣬾Ǹ˲ţƸ¼ȡ
һ治ŵһĻȫû뵽ԼܿϣԺѧѧˣΪĴѧ
ǸĺϢǶϲеȨ˼˵ѧҲǷǳֵףһ¡
ףȻҪףˣֻһףһףǸ⡣
һϼҲϲ丸Ԫ˼ȻصϣңѧϢĸ֪
ӷŸĸףûеĸϣȱصĸֽȡˡ
ԣ¶֪ؿѧ£öϹҲסˡ
ʮʮˣʲôڣ˿һ㲻ȹ˼١ҼҲ˼ңȻҲ̰˼ҵĲ񣬰Ů޵˼ȥˡ
ǵ͵Ĵͳ壬ͳܷ⽨ҵ游ȨظףҲɵӣжô࣬飬˿˺ü껹ûѧһ򲻱صŮǿˡ
صֵһûϣ͸ɴ಻ˣؽּһЩ⡣һһûϣתȥĴεȵĴѧôǽȥˡ
ҵõǮϵҲȹ˼ûǮô壬ʵѾǿиɵľ磬Ǯȥ¸й⣬ǮǶԼˡ
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صֵܣһһС϶ùȥСأŵأӹöȲ˼Ҳѧһ꣬ɿѧأ˼ʮ꣬Ů˶硣
˿ŮǲжĴڣŮ˶硱ʶرͺͿŮˣǿһڱǿأǼжѧһڼŵڵȻӹҲסˡ
ذ칦ǲܰģ칦磬ӻǲζǵͷΪһŮ˴ѧ͵ͷǵϺڣ
ѹûôֻ࣬ĸԶٷ˵֮ǰĸˣһֱûҵȥ̽ϴѧ벻ĸףĳˡ
úõһ칦磬ֻ˾̫ˣǣһ뼸ˡ
СԺЩ˳ԷʱԺﴫһЩƺҪˡ
ߵȥʹſǸѼҾ̧ϰ峵
ʱȻҲ˭ģ峵Ÿ㣬˻ʱ
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һ֪ҵİ̫ˣסСԺˡ
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תһ˫ֻأĵ⣬ȴ԰ڳһмģ˵ҿɺ˵һȥ
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ʲôݣǰôҲŮҳŵڣҪ֪ԼŮǧŮͬԷǲţ
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һ˵ãϯţʲô
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һҲʱŴУ֪εôҪƼŵģԼȻֲʶܵȴŽ㹩ԼĻᣬѧһȫУһĳɼȥģУ󣬸ڹ㣬ǰ˼ѧĻǺܻ֮ϽѧʦҲƳɵԶһҲƳɵѧ˵塣
㣬ԿͣܵʦϲӶҲԼʦһʶУУɵ֮һҲɳݵĶ
αɴѧûʲôƣ˵ͼݹԱλпȱȱΪ˲ſճġ
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˵ݹܸмݹ֧Уɶˡ
֮⣬ɺɵɺУһۣϴЦͬʱ˸Ʋ
ٷݻ෴ҳζŨһ˳ԵҲ㾡ˡֻΣձôܵܵУһˣܵܵУҪ֪ʲôģӰܵܵǰ;ô죿
ⲻ֪ڳÿһ˶֪Ǹʲôģٷףؿѧл⣬ҲΪһ¶
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һ⣬Цɫһƣ˵ٷ˸л*Сؽܹ⣬ҲΪ˸лҾҺ
һҺԺǸޱȣһľ֣֪鲻򵥡һڷ̸£Ҳζţϵÿһˣйأ׵ܵܡ
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һȳ󣬺ָĹȥܿɵӦ˴ˡ
³ɺҲȷһǿɿεͬ飬һǵȦ㡣˭ϣһ룬һʶ˲ҪĴ
ȾϲеصУȻѧļλʦе̻ļУܿصѧԼѧ֮ǰĻͻ˼Ƚ
κأӪȺһº󣬾ǳױЩУʲôǣѱ֤ǲй¶Ϣֻ߳ǣ
ԣһɵһᣬϲ̸̸ڵĴ
μһ˺αҴȻҲһغβͬҴģְæĿĲʲôϵӦðˡ
Σֻǵײһͺ𣿵ҲǣԴһϷԤֻҪϷԺٲ˺һĽӴ
ǡξԼҲˣҪԺϵ£Ĵ࣬Ҫܵѧѵ˺ѶԿ׵ԼҲȻؾÿҸ˵ֻǵȡ
ȻϷܲǸԺﶼ߷̫̫ˣȢΡҲûи飬̰ͼǮԺһпΪϷæʱһʯϷܳԺȲһصȦӣʹӦϷȢ
ôҲû뵽һôǣܵܡ
Ϸûи飬һЩԾǺϷβɶ෴ô̼Լ˺ܴãǸĸо
ҪãôЩˣʲôǧʦУΪĵܵܣǲǶ߿
ԣһϣμǵʱ̾ʹӦˣֻĩ˼һ䡰ΪҵܵܲŴӦǵġ


94 ־ͬ
һһ̲סɣԱߵλã̾һ㣬°ǶԲס㣬ϵ̫Σգ㲻ͣװʲô֪ʲôûС
γɫܵܣɣ㣬ΪʲôҪͽȥ׬Ǯ飬ΪȥЩ𣿡
ɱ˵Щᶨ˵㲻ףҲΪ˳ͷزŶģΪǵĹҺ̿飬ҪıңҪԵϷūۣҵ룬֮ϵɽ»𺣣Ҳǣ
ӵؿԼĵܵܣֻԼС꣬ǼΨһһܶıײˣȴıԼڵĽײ㣬кһײ˷
룬㡣̾˿˵ûԶ룬ֻ𣿡
ɱʵסˣԶ뵱ȻֻУʦУЩǶУ⻰˼ȴڰָҲ롣
ɵһξÿԼĴ㣬ͺĸססֵһͷǮԼļˣڷϣҲȷʵԼļˣϲڼΪЩȸ֪֮־ˣòͬС
뿴̫ˣλߡĻԨ룬̶ˣͬҲ롣
ɺУ⼸仰ˣ˵໪ͻȻǾãԼ֪Щ
ЦһɣҲǸˣȫƾԼԸֻһ仰
ΪͬһƬ죬־ͬϣȻҪǣҿɾͳƺһͬ־ˡ
ȥﷴƷšͬ־֣Ⱦ棬־úûԶ룬ҲǷǲֵˣɵ˺˵ЩͬЩ̬ȣ˵ɵǺϷˡ
¾ѾãҲȫϾǧϰ࣬ӴĿ˲ǮƵģЩ˹ϵ۸ӣǸ㲻׵ģɸϣɷɵóѣһ˲޷֮ա
μɵ˵ӪһöѾײ˼Ҿˣ˵Լᱣܣ˼ҲأҲһƾʲôܵ룬ûأͲΪԼΪԼѶŬ
ͷľ־
ϯģΪøϻҡͬ룬ɺУֻһҪǾǼϷ
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εʱú󱳷ȥҲЩ顣ˣϲгЩ꣬Ǯݼһ䡣
뿪ٷȻˣɵ˻лҪ˵
ɺУʮָлһسػǵǷһţһֻҾߺ񣬶εжԲɹ
ԪеĴɱڳ׳ѾõȫĵطʱԸлһУɣ˵һ
ǱߣûҲ˵ˣ⾡װ죬ֻ˵Ǯ˵˵ǮɱһЩʵڡ
أзݲ֪ﻹصĶء
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ڿݺҲ棬ѾڿһЩ˼룬ɽٷҲ˵һ򵥵ݡ
ΪرѧģֻӢģѧרҵкܶҵԣҪæ롢Ű桢༭ȵȡ
ѹ⸥֜ʿķ˼ڣ˻һ£ӦӦ룬˵һ˼ݣʵĺ壬ָȡŮӦһ츳ɡƽȡƲȵȨ
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ɺУһΪصͷ˹̾ãֺãŮͬ־ҲǶмΪҪĻ顣
ⱾڿһɵĶһ룬ҲҪԼݡ
ڿɴģʱõס⣬зݹͬʱԼѧϰ
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һԵøⰲȵػСԺʱſʣҪҴ𣿡
һ㶣˷ܵЩ
˵ЩеѪţ˶ʮ꣬δ˷ܹ˵ʱһ仰һˮ£ǵͬʱֶһѡ
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һĬ˺ܾãվСԺſڣ˴˶ûȿڡ
һһȥΪ߳һһмᶨ룬ȴû뵽һĬˡ
ʵϣһûԣϵͳϵҲǰԭԸװİˡν롢־һں
ѡ˺ɺϵ·ضںΪǡᣬnanquanᣬֻΰˣˣںҲᰤ˵ֻΣȫܱ֤
ˣһҲʧˡ
οһ
ҪΪʲôһҲ˵ڴ˵ġĴڣζػʹ࣬һʹࡣ
ǣľػţʹȥѡѡһأ
һûͷûβػţصĽɫʲôŮʲô֮ӣŮһǣţɣ񷢲˵ʲôôأ
һ񣬺һ񣬾Ϊ˴ʲôĿģ
һʼյЩŭʲôͲ𣿾ͲܰԼ
һһ˽̧֣ͷЦ֧ľ֮ǰһУסҪ޲ȹһ͹ˡǣɵĻ֪ǻܹһƴһΣиˣƽȹǵһ㡣
صıһƹεҡͷǼģôܰ㡣


95 Ӫ
˵껰һת뿪ﶺáСԺ̫˵Ѿѹ̫ãע⡣
һҪת뿪֮ʣؽסȵȣ
һͷ¹µһԵޱ峺뵽ԼĶһһͷֿɬǣͬһ·ϣǣҿڴ㴰ֽ
ֻǵ˵һж䶨лͬ㽲
һЦŻ𣺡ãҵһĵȥɣԺ·أͬ־
ذ֮ɢҲһӻ֡
˷ֱ󣬾;֮һݱ˻ɡ
ΪءɺУˣӵߣһΪռҵĶŮڰġǱھԵס
һٺǰǹ˼һɣΪһ˱¶ͻǣԷһؾͽؼ
ÿһʱ䣬˻л˵ϼ仰ġ
˳ݵϰʵ֧ɣǸ޵ĸŮʮһҷݣͺһӪܶµɵۼڴòͣͬʱʹ鱨ϰ֪Щݵģ˵ԽƲûΪţ˵ص˴Ϣ
޷ǾǷûоˣû˶ǡ
Ե˳ݶ˵ԱȽϰȫľۼͷѡҰҰױš
ÿһʱ䣬һɻύ˴ϵϢһǱԪľɵǱӴϲʿ鱨
ʱһһ˲жݵʱ䣬˵֮ҳ
νġҳʵҲͰԲ̫ࡣ
ǵǰʱϷɵĹǣΪºֵֵòɿԣ˼йϾûǡ
˼ûлλҪ̳УļҲԺʻָ˼ҵĶǡ˼ҶӲֵֹܣүȢ˺ü̫̫ƺôص
ִչĽνĵԶûҪ
үҲоԼ˵ķԶԼĴӣûأ˼˾ѾԺӵңʼĻˣҪѼҲϣǻ˵ãû˹˰ɣ
ڹ˼ӵ˶ƸȨ֮£ӵĹϵܣʵҲһ顣
ԣڹǴǶںʼjiduԼĴ磬ƾʲôϲ磬Ҳ˴أ֮ԿûôܸɣΪû˼·ϣһ㣬ѧϰǹ϶ܸϳ硣
ǴСҶţڣǵڻãԼܴ֮ϣȫΪ档
ǣֵܾѺ󣬹¶ģҪĿ࿴֪ǲȹϸ
ʱ򣬹үҲһƽӵȻһҶӵĻʹˡ
ԽЩӣү½½һЩҵϣӦꡢʡ̸ùϺջ
ջĻں棬һΪù˼ֵܶøݣռϲеļӺ͹ǺùڶʱҲк͹϶ʱ
ȵѹϴˣһܳغ˼ʹ
ҲΪһΪ¹˼˱˼
һϣȢκαŮɣɹ˼Һռףү룬ռŮһ˼ֲֹһӣӲУжӰ
ǣڹүĬ£˼ҶռϲⶼչˣһЩⶼһ֣һռ˲ٱˡ
ǻ֪ӵ뷨ΪҪǿҹִһţүȺʵʱҵ¡
ǸģԴ˲֪飬һȴǣ֪үд绰ףҽ׵Ķǹϣǹˡ
ɰըˣ͹˼ҽףǿŮǰϵķϣԪıŮһԪ£ʽŮиԶϲĹ˼ңŮҲϲϣиŮҲġ
˼أÿһռҵʲ֪Ůǹ˼Ҵүڹ˼Ҵүһ·Ů˺󲻹ܲˣռһȻ롰Դγáǹ˼Ǹ競ү档
浱ռҺ۸ǰɣǻﻻ
ԭܺ͹˼֣һͶɣɵңҺûϹ˼ҵȻ˺ңֻĬĬ
һȰסȺ͹ү̫ȲܾҲȷͬ⣬ʱֲȶΪڣȵŹү
ϾԺʱֳִĶǻһڹء
ϸϸŮдţǰס̾ͻȻоŮȥϲ꣬ӱóࡣ
Ǹˣ֪ûа׳ԵͣŮӳȣض˱ĴۡһʼͲðŮи˼ңλԭ˵ҰŮˣֻŮɫŮڹ˼ҳ˲ٿ࣬˲֪˵İۡ
ʵϣˣһûʲôۣ˹Ϻ˳⣬˼ϵ̫̫үµ˼СүǺˣһмӣᶮ£̸ߣΪ󷽡
Ҫǣһڹ˼ңԹ˼Ҵ󲿷˶ûв෴żССݣرϲ
һĹιãһĹϵҲܲ
һýˣ̶ֳأԼȶ¶һ
һ˵˵ʱ򣬶һ¡
κ͹ڽ죬ڴѧҵԲŸŹүּ⣬үǻ͹ȥѧǺ͸ѧϰҲؼʱȻ˹ϵԸ
ڹΣĿǰڼţүҲȥѧҲȥ˵ҲѧϰȤڼ㸸ĸ
ⲻ֪ǿһˡ
˺͹ʶܾˣǹһֱڼ̫̫˵ȻѧҲʱûҹҸ˼ˣù̫̫ϴϯϺͲٸ̫̫һЩϲеص꣬ùȼԿ
һ¾ͼˣѾãϳѧҲΪˣôܼ޸ء
˶ԲŮжĮǰɩأػѣżԣǲ޸ˣǽ꣬ҵҲˡ
̫̫ηӦô֪ŮĪĸ״֪ܲˣڹ̫̫ı£β˵˵ݡ
죬˼ҴԺͱһҵԭǹǵˡ
ǹѧʶģǹεͬѧǹεʦ
Ůѧʦκʱʲô¡һЩѧƷʦѧ˵氮ɷϵǣʦѧ˾̹ٺѧǳϵ㲻ΪλĲֻǴҪȨλĲԵȣλ߶λʩһССݣλͻɿŵƫ
ϲľλʦͬѧƫ氮޸Լ˲ҸһҪǼ޸Լ˿϶Ͳᱯ
Ϊ϶˰ǳãֻҪ޶ˣͲһء


96 氮
̫̫ϥһһŮŮֵѰٻҪʦ̸ӹǱҲðȢ
һıɴһ˼ȥ˴˺Լᡣ
̫̫һ¾ˣûкӿԵ涼š
̫̫ȥ˹үϺüΣҲ֪˴ʲôԼ̫̫͹үȻͬ˹顣
үǳײָռҽˣǰעµϡ
ºˣڿϰع˼ң̫̫˿ֻǱȴֹۡ
̫̫ʼղͬκλʦΪҲ޺ȢĺȫͬȢʼ׬ģȢһ˼ҵŮȢһͨŮֻ׬׬ٵˡֻҪȢţ˵һλּҵӣӵĸףТĶϱ
ɹμ޳ȥ̫̫ͬ͹үΪ࿴ϲеصȨͥϣúõͬʱҲܸ档Ů޳ȥǱҵģǮ˼ڴ̫̫ٹ̣Ҳı䲻˼ȢὫŮ˴ԼļҸȥ˼ҵ⡣
μ޵úã˼ҾͿһ㣬ύǮ˼ңе׬μ޵ò˼ҾͿö࣬˼ôܵء
ңõʦйȻѧ飬Ļˮƽ϶ߣˮƽöߡϲбˣҲһ㣬סѧĽְʮȹδʮꡣ
һǲͬ¸׷ΪܹԼѧʦɼûжٵµġ˿϶Ҳ֪εݣϲд꣬ܲ˼ҵĵλǹ˼ǧΣ˵ûС֦ͷˡ뷨
ڣȻֵף׵ʱ򣬻ǻؼҹˡ
̫̫ܵӾ󣬲ĿĲݣ̫̫͹үͬ͹һͲ̫̫
̫̫ûޣֻһ֪׽һһȥʱʱȥһ¹Σ֪Ůúòãû۸ʲôġ
һӦ£ϣĮԹβûжٸ飬ĻƷǧƪһɵŮһŮһʱͰİͷεضŮãŮҶûһ˿Ƿ֮룬ᱻ߰Ÿƽʽ
ϲŮʱôǽԵķŮ䣬ƶʡִֻŮԣԽɫĳ谮³ҡ
һоβһѪˣһŮǿֽƬˣһϲشһΪķ磬Ϊزǻˡ
ΪάԼ͹˼ҵĹϵһ̫̫ȥһ˹סԺӡ
ǰ̫̫ҵһһµǮ¶ǵؽһϣѽǮ鷳㽻ΣҳߵüûǮүָ˻ˣҲûǮȡסһʱ仹ãšű۸ȥˡ
̫̫߶߶˵һѣһӹǮһţһϻư뿪ųüػȥ
һǮĳƱһ˿ɻ󡣴̫̫ӦûаôҲһ㣬İֺܻΣһǸĸŮǾ͸Ůгɳı£̫̫͹үΣȴ̹ȥԼȨǰȴͬèİϣγΪһǿˡ
һЩ㲻ĸĸŮİϸССССͲ̫̫ԹһŮһ޺Ůˡ
Ҳ֪ССڹǵŲССѧ𣿹֧ΪһԼЩѪû۸ССЩ˻᲻СС
ڵһζԴ̫̫ĸʱһ뵽ССһӴСųġ
˼Ҽ䣬ưͣ˹סĵط
ƬķӱȽϸߣסĵطǵԺӡסһСһ¥㣬ס¥
¥ۣһ˰ţŵ
˭ţһϲɵøһ˿ϲɫ㣬զˣ
һЦŵͷ㣬㲻ڹ˼ңҶҲ˵ˡ
ڹǰһ֪Ľ㣬ʱĵһΪͶԵҲпΪԷ˵
ͺñȴ˿̣һڿ˵Щġ
κþûýãһţһأŷ˵
β˼ز˲ӣָָ˵Ҷþûˣġ
һú͹˵ļ϶ӡ
䲻࣬һӦһף*ƫɣóЩݡ
һ·һȥεķ䣬Ӧòһס
ѵüһһΣͬʱ˼ʵҲ֪Լôü˵ģ׷Ϊ氮
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һЩϵȢ͹¼£ô룬ʵЩˡ
һûдƹεĻ룬ܶ࿲ֻпԼȥˤһӣ˵ٶ඼ûãһǿȰָùᶨΪȫ綼ڷԵˣ氮
˲СʱͻˣһϣӲǹһסҲסֻûסһݰˡ
￪Žײһϣһ£λǣ
ϸһ˿Σżһͣʦסģһֱֿ˯ݣҲˡ
ǰxingΪʱһڸϾڲǰŮ¶Ÿ˿ǲϹصġ
˵꣬תͷܣҵĺýãҳλ㡣
˵ǽ㣬һǱȹСöꡣȷʵһʣ33ͣôԵñȽᣬŸ۾˹˹ġ
һЦӭϵЦһ֣ޣ˵öΣ˵ǿ³ѧѧˣɲ˰ѧǻǰɣǻƲãܳѧĶǾӢ
һѧĻϻӴ˾͹زϣһӦ
Щˣֻ˵һ䡰λǡȻû˵һ֣ȫ̾ںһ˵
˵ô۲ۣѧǸѧģԷɣҿˡδСƢˣ˵
һʾͬú͹ȥ￴ƺģһȴܾùһЩѧƺг뷨ļãԼĹҲߣôЩûҵҲûʲôɫȥѧûôǮ
˳Էȥԣ͹ζǻˣһǻᣬûбֳԼԭ衣
ѡСһСЩ˳ԡδִŻǮϰˣƽʲôǳõģʲôϵ˵㡣
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ƽﶼѧʳãֻиŹλԹĳˣǮ㲻˼Ǯ
ֻһ֣ǹγǮȴɹȥ򵥣ĺӡ
һʱһ̶̫ˣĿҲ̫ǿһеЦ
̫̫ǮһһѹεеһȥѴ̫̫Ǯݸ
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̫̫ҵģת㣬֪ʱǮֲ࣬ƣûǮ۸Բů
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һͷֽСԹǱԹȴΪΣҲǵģֻҪӦԼĻԼͺãҾͲЩˣº˰ɣҳԿ࣬Ҳܡ
һ֪˵ʲôĬˡ
һĨ۽ǣӻ˵㣬һȥˣҲȥɣҶȰȰҪַ⽨˼Һ͹ʦ֮İ顣
˵꣬תߡ
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λͷɻؿһôˣ
ǮǮȰȲҪ¶ʱûǮˣʲô̬ȡ
ü⻰ʲô˼
һЦҡͷûʲô˼ֻ˵Ѳ⣬ҲԽǷġ
Щˣ첽뿪
һ뿪ıӰͻȻ̾˿Ҫء


97 
һκ͹˳ݣһ߻Ьһȥ˵ʲôˣ
β֪ģ뵽һ˵ĻЩˣ˵ʲôȰҲҪͼôôţĵӣ
Ͻͣôܣô꣬źĹϵҲŶ䣬ǵ㿸סѹͺͼЭ
΢Щ˹һǮ£ǮûżãȲ
ʱҲˣؼҹͬʱȻѹˡ
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ʱϾȫ˵棬ڵ£ˣӶڳģ˴Ǳ߽ӹ
¹ү֪ûϣĬˡ
ǰ˳ۣԼ˱ĸɢĿ󣬷ͬĸоĽֱӺ
ڳΨһ˵Ӧþǹˣõˤˡ
֣үôǹǵ̫̫Ȱ˼䣬ȥǻԷ
ǵȻûһڹ˼ҿ˺һϷ
˲ϲУҪȵʱŻϲ˵˫ڻǰ˽Ӵ࣬͹ϵûô˼ɡ
һǹүѾ˦ֲˣȫֹϵĻ£ôڡһҲΪϺͳЩأ֮ǰڹ˼סôһʱ䣬ʲô
һ⿴ǰҫѰ˸ڳȥҹǡ
ү⣬һܺ͹ߵýҲź
ǴʱڶԺļɽ𣬲֪Ķ۵֦żɽܷӺͰС졣
һڹŴԶعš
һŤͷͿɫʮѿ϶ǵĶ԰ɣ㲻Ȱˣǲء
û˵꣬һЦˣҿɲȰģֻǿǶɾ£ķҸڳ߰ˡ
ԭǰùϣϲҲͬɫ΢Щȴǰ˼ҽͯŮȥ˿Ц𣿡
ǱͲһ˼ңֻйϺһ˶һҪôν̬ȣΪûͻҪô̫̫ε׽һġ
һ仰׵ùǶ󵹿ˮһǰѹϵĻ˵˸飬Դһ˿˵治֪㿴Ҵĵ㣬ôĮˣԽŮԽŰˣҲ֪Ķˡ
Խ˵Խҧгݣһ״˵ǵܵܣ⻰ɾͲˣϲϸ磬ϲֶΣϲԵصһ档
˵䲻ģִֵǱߵ㣬㹻ϲˣ𣿡
ڵø̿һΪʲôһͻߵľأΪǼĶԺҪ游׵λãԶǸڸµĿ档
ǰﲻû˵ЩŬŬڵǰ֣Ժгͷصһ죬ͲŬ½͸ײˣƽã˼Ҳᱣ֤ʳǣⱲӶѰ˲ӣŬʲôأ
ûŬô࣬ʹһĴѧҴǵøµĵܵ㻨ǮҪԺȢӣֻҪһ첻ּң˼Ҿ͵
ǰĹǾ̬ȣŬŬַܹſڵӣο໹ҪŬأ
ΪʲôҪŬˣʩġٳӬͷСԼġȨ;޴ȣ΢
ǵĶȻɣںȨĵ˷ͻʱԵôȡ֣Сӿ֣˷
һܴĲ޺ͷŭԽԽŨʱ㿪˵ʵҲں˼Ժ˭˵㣬ֻں硣ô˵ɣҾͿ磬˼û磬ԶšأһһռҿԸ
ʲô˼ǾŤͷһ
һЦЦûʲô˼˵ŹͬĿ겻Ƕϣ飬ϲ磬ϲβ֣ɢǡ
Ҳ֪翹⣬ûʵҺܱ֤᲻˻顣
һҪϿƵġ
һҲװһԹϰƫִӣͬõˣֵõԼ֪Ƿᶯġ
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һǱ˵ˣͬ˵ǵļƻ
ǹүļ̳ˣϲһҪأ˧𣬳أȨƣκ˶ڹϺ͹֮ѡǰߡԣһΪҪһ¾͵ȸϣȻһֱ׵˵Ҫϣ˵Ըϵļ׮⣬ùϱסܴһǾͿԳûλȡ磬ŤתǰĿ࿴
Ǳ˵治Ļ࣬jingʲô˵ˣŽΪԭʼıܺͼ򵥵ͷԡ
һûи߹ǵǣܳɣ͹˼ҵĲҵܵĳˣһ
һҲûи߹ǣĿĸǲɢϺƻϺĽá
ȻǱү⣬棬ѧı²ࡣ²󣬸ȴС
һӹǶõϢغ˺üι˼ҵ⣬ùϺܻȴƫƫ֪ù˭
ҪôװҶĴ£ҶˮͿ̽˻˼ҿֻתȥұûңһϴռҲҵ
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ңռҺ͹˼Ŀǰ׽ĹϵӦòԼŮȥ͹˼ҵ⡣
ϼûҵ֤ݣҲ벻ռҿֵܳĶֻ˶˼⡣
ֻ߼ҲͰˣҪǻҪ£ǾǺĳˡ
ⲻ֪£Ѿһˡ
ϢǹǴһġڸЩ£үڹ˵ˡ
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˾ûúù꣬Ǿ࣬ÿμ滹͵͵ġ
żһÿգϻͼݣܲء
ϵͼ˺٣ĵƹƫůƣһȥǰصλһλԱ㱼仹ΪǶ
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سգգۣ˵¥档
ǰһϲһܽ䣬ػǵãһҲǵá


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˽ܵڣټ٣мܣֻüԷ۾ѹͣԵȻ⡣
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иһǰȥУҲΪ𡣡
·ϹϾͱˣҲΪ𡣹һ˷۱ץϷİѱϷӦٵ黹ǰǣϵûǮϷȥңϽ˻ôϷһ𣬲ȻɲΪµ¡
һ󣬲ɵЦһǱΪ飬ָŵĴͨһҲ֪ɶʱᷭ򡣡
Ц꣬һʣǱʲô˼Ϣϣǰ𣿡
ǣһͣҲ˿õ״̬Ǯǲ٣ҪǽŵĻΰռӵԱҲ򲻹ϺϷѽϾϷֵ֣µֵܻﶼɱ˵ˡ
ˣùѪȺأ
ȻֱܰӶֵ齻һһϿõռУ̽ϢУΨɱС
̾ôǶϣǱȻĴڣҲ𣬵ϺϷصú֪ļֿģɾ㼯ˣҲ޴֡
һɵĽӴһҲ˽⵽ɱЩˡУصȸۺ˼ȴ൱һת˵£齨Լװ
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Ͽ϶һ벻һ˼ҵĶҲ͸¶ϢһǾͲһˣں͹ϷֱӹүϽһЩ⣬Ķܴ
ԣһ˸ţ˵Źڰгﻮһʴˣүܾܿͻ˰ѹ˼Ҳҵһ붼ȥ
һĻٲΰ룬ݸĳһλĴˣϵҪλƻϺ⣬Ҳùչ⵽ͼʱǳԹ˼ɲ̫Ӱ졣
Ϊ棬˼ȥȥˡ
ÿǷǳеĶԹºԼı£ҲûᵽʲôԴơ
Ϊνսııⲻ֪ǴϢķʽʮԭʼԼСȥڣԼϵ鷿ȥһЩҪ˱š
ǵ׻Ǻ͹һ𳤴ģԹϵһЩСϰߺǰضţȥ鱾λ΢仯϶ܲԹǸµʱǳСģзĶŻԭλðڷ롣
һڹϵ鷿﷭Ҷһ²磬İ籾һȤ治֪ϲʲô
ǵİ취Ȼ򵥣Чڹ鷿ҵһЩҪż
ЩǹϺżûἰֻǳǳգԼǺ׵Ķ
ɻ󲻽⣬ΪʲôҪһ˽״˼ҵĴһ㶼ڹүϣүȫ˼ҵĴһ»˲Ǯ
Ѳɣ翴ߵѴץϣȲԼչ·
ߣȻǵһ춼ȲȥˣȲүҪѹ˼ȫϡ
ʵǵĲ²ҲȫΪȷʵ̳Ϊ˼ȫȫȨˣֻϧүʮ廹㽡ϲԶԶʮˣиӣүҪٶ꣬⼸Ĺ˼СүǶˣͲֹһǺ͹Ҳˡ
Ǵӹϵе֪ڰ֮󣬹ϺλгҪĴףصܹ֡
һ˽ּ֣һԼųҲֿ򹤳꣬һ֣κ£ֻҪйҸŲ
һҰԼҵĻӲֿ⹤ͻţ͵ָص㣬ҶԽɣ꣬Ǯ塣
ⵥ⣬ȴѡһеİ취Ļӹ˼Ҳֿ򹤳Ҳ͵ָص㣬һȥص㣬лｻǮ㡣
ص㣬ǹϵĻĴص㣬Ĳֿ⣬ȴǹ˼µĲֿ⣬һϲнķ˵Ҳû֪ĵط
ǰ˼⣬ȻǴ⣬ǱȻԼҵĴңǴԼҲֿȥģĶģ
ǲɵ뵽ǰȥһˣʱˣ˻ûˡ
᲻統ͻӦϲŶԣôָͻˣ
ǴûдֲԼҶЩĵزټӹүܴȥˡ̸⣬Ҳ˽⵽ϵŵ
ǰԭŻȥȻݸһǳʣҷ֣Ҵ·ҲԣоӦñǼҵĻǱ˽ˣڳɺڻˡ
һСӲᵽڲŷֲԾɡ
һҪװ֪Һʣ⻰ʲô˼
Ǽˣһ˵Ĳ²⡣
һסڹ˼ңֻҪùϲڼҵʱ˾ܽ鱨
һ֪ԴǰץסϷİѱϷǰӣϷбĺ
кܶ˼ҵĲҵͻԴ϶ԹүǶԹ˼Ҳʱ򣬾ͻϷϻ͸¶Ϸ˼ҵһЩ̶˻·ߣԼŵ˻֣ȻȥٻĶǮָϣϲ֪һӹ˼˽˶Ǯ
˵һһûﰵϵʹӣһݺϵЩҲ˲׮ݿ̹˼ҲƲϷ롣
ЩɱǷֵģȴǹԼµĶڹǶԹλĻɺͲ¼֮ѾȼգѾ϶йᣬԺүϰѼҲ磬ҲһͷӹᣬȨϡ
ʱһûĶү͹ϲͬĸֵܣӻù
һ£ǹǼ̳˹˼ңҲùϺùϾΪֵܣȴһϵţĴڣֵˮˡ
һ󱳷һҪƻı
ǣҪôƻأ
һҲ⣬߹ǣֻҪ̽ϢʣµｻУǹǱضỳһϲˣĶȥɱ˽ٻǶҲˣһҪ˵°ϣǾͻֱӱ¶һˡ
˼ˣһû̺͹취˵סװ֪飬취жҲ٣ϵڰºǻʱ취


99 ץ
һ͹װʲôûԻ취ȥˡ
Ҫƻ׮⣬һȻа֣İǱߵĵdangǲܰڵϸ֪ġ
һ֮ʣ̫̫ں͹γܡ
괺ڣ˼һǲϳϹŮ˺ͼַòɿ
үһӣŭôҪŮʲôõģҪǮûǮҪȨûȨǸģһʮԪʣ˵˵㣬ȥס˭ķ⣡
ⶼ㻹үҲˣϥ¶Ӷ࣬ŮĿǰֻйһô᲻
ΰһẦ𣿡̫̫ҲſĵȰ
ǲֹܵǧգһĸ֮ý֮ԣҺ͹ʦమģҲ뱻ˣ
үһϲŮЩ磬ǰ˵ʲôѧУĶᣬүˣŮѧʲô˼룬ʲôʱүÿڲԣమޣʮ꣬ҲˣܲʮʲôҸ㣬ҸʮСӣ㣬Ҷ˵ʲôˣ㿴绹Ϻü꣡Ժϱɶӣɩ
үû˵ֵģȹүС̫̫˭δԼСϣ
μ˱ͳֱӸˣ׼ԵʯӾҪײǲҺ͹ʦһҾһͷײ
ɰѴ̫̫ŵòᣬ˼ҳһ࣬ȥΡ
һȻժˣϽǰȥæסΡ
үɫ࣬һۿԼŮĹ䣺ʦҾѧʦͬչҸŮǲŮϸɾݹȥһˣƭŮ
ӹǱǲˣΪ׷ҪײǽԾˣٱȥŮûˡү룬廹ϵˣȰԾŮǾвչģڲڼȹ
Թ˼ҵĽǮλүȥǱһˣУҲܰЩ˰ѹȥһѧҲȥ
ȻүһвˣϽȰοΣһȰα㲻Ѱٻ
Ŵ̫̫˼ˡһַȰסΣＸ仰Ͱ˰סˣɼǱ˳Զˣ˼ˣүɫڡ
һڣԹү͹һȰסΣүģһڽЩɼù˼ҿĳ⣬ź÷ȢΡ
үɲΪʲôɼǻ֮ưˣڶ˹εľԴٸŹסһʱ䣬ӹÿˣȻ֪ôˣתؼҺӡ
˸øһȴһͷ
Źүвʱᵽ˾֣ʱȨңҲȥһֱɵȥϵľ𣬵Թܰ˽½ôһ𣬷κγǼùġ
ǣһҵǣ㡣һĴ*ȣС
󣬹ǾͰȥͨ籨ţ˵ʱص㣬˽
ΪܸȣϧԼȥ֪ͨҹǻⲻἰ˫˭ֻ˵ӵ鱨ꡣ
ЦҪֱ˵һ磬Ҳ˵Ҳҳȥץ˼ˣ˵ץ֮һү֪ˣ˵ֻҪ˵˫˭װɵ˵±ץҲǹģѹ֪ͽȥ
һ߹æźϷ˵ǽķһϵͳԷǧӦ꽻ʣæˣѹû뵽ԼĵܾܵȻᱨץ
һͷľҲڰȥףý׵죬߲һץˡ
ɵˣҲѾ޵׼
ƻϺĹϵҪģαһɵҲڱصáɣѾӴɱ֮ץץɱɱܻĳɡУ϶õˣ󲿷˶Ѿת£û˱ܻܿᱻץ
ͬʱ⼸ĶսңҲɵףƽֶЧ΢Ҫ߳Լ·ͱȴƬתµЩˣǳҪ𹭵ҩȣȱľЩ¼һ˫񣬼ƻˣܽһ𣬾ٺòˡ
ԣ˾֣ɵҲԼı
ʣµЩ¶Ҫһز룬һǾǱߵԵףһֻɵѧѧҵΪأҪñʸУľָеѡ
Žٽǳţϲһƽţ䶫߶ڴֻ̣ǻûϲѣҪ˭˿С
һһֱڹ˼ҵϢżȥͼء
ЩضûͼݣһֻԼֻƻع˼ҡ
һ˼ңһ͸о˼ҵʮֹ죬Щ֡
һֱߣԼһ
ƺǴ̫̫ģһϽȥ鿴ȴ̫̫ϣֹסµؿŹүүһҪ϶ͻѽھֲ֪˶ٿ࣬ûд̱ƹûвԲ˯ҵĶ
үغˣ죬ǳСӺأ¾ǹ˼ҵĹϵֲǲ֪˶񡣡
㻹ó¾϶ųʮʮ˹һҵ϶ܵŶ
үɫֱ࣬ӰѲ豭ˤڵϣҷţҷ̸ȣ
˼ҺôҲǰңΪһѾãһֱ㲻үͻȻֿڣҲòС
ҪҪǸô涼Щʲôó¾Ҳ׷үͷ̫ͣѨֱͻͻ
һԳĬغŲ˵ûһ֮ӡ
㣡үô⣬Һѧ⣬Ķȥˣô£ǰ㲻֪˵
޹ֲǴߵУʱʱ̸̿𣬵ֲǲ֪ɿҸˣ鷳ⶼʮˣҲѧⲻ꣬ⰡǰҿģѹҿĲÿĶ
סڣүǳתͷһǿһ˿Цզͨһء
һƤЦⲻЦڹ˼סˣԼƵģɶʱҪͨڹϳˣҪǰɡ
֪Щģһֻ״ĵ˼䣬ʶ뿪ˡºҲܴӹǶš
ϳ극ǲŸһ췢Щɶ
һ磬һȥһпԼӣء
ǰŸߣžֵ˾ˡ
ֵ֪ͨүҴΪһ׮˽ھֽܵ飬˼ȥһˣʸ
үʱ򣬷ϴԷأͼһŭصҵĹүѷϵĲ˶ˣ˭ųԡ
ԭգѾغˣ͵ȹϺ˵롣
ΪͻԳ⣬ϺϷԳǱ
ûٹ˼ҵˣϷ˳ţϾ˼˺ܶҲǹүˣ˶©Ծֻĸܾõӡ
Ϊϴ٣صľѹûｻ׵ﻹй˼ˡȵ˫ʱͻȻ֣ľͶ˴ֲ
Ǳߵŭʲô˼׾𣬻˾죿ĪһͶ
Ϊмˣһʱ仳ɹݺ
ҲĶðľ죬֪þ췢ַľ𣬲Ȼ߲Ǿˡ
ƽֶǲˣһùϴĶܣϷ£ŽȶԿ졣
ĶӿɲιˣԼʹɫ»⣬ʹڸУȺС
˫ƴϴĶӺ;Ӻ󷽳룬û뵽ײ϶ں󷽵ɰŵĵdangˣȻһս
ΪϷסĲԹҪսں;ԿdangʱǼֱǶʯͷһ顣
Ľǣdang˰ѻˣϺϷǱ߶˺ܶˡϷǱΪ;е˺ܶˣΪЩͨյȰ취ʵǵdang˰ѻ¡
һ˵ɱԽͨ»ڡˣŮ˻ץȥdangɱˣֻΪˣúͺľϡ
Ƕ߶߶Ҳû˷Ϊ׵ĵdangˣΪӵؿ˹һۣʲôҲû˵òԱû¶
˲Ǳˣǵҵĺ͹ûʲôȴֳһʶϵӣһ԰ֻɡ
º󣬱ԭصĹϺӣûܵõҲûסӺϵľץ
¾µ֪Լץ˼Ŷֵæ֪ͨҳ


100 
˵Ĺүѹϸͳȥ¾˵ǣȥİӲһ㰸ӣǾ˽һҪ彻ס
ĶӣⳡжҲˣ¶棬ˣûߡ
˽үپһڣǹ˼ҰҵʲôⶼƫƫصĲΪҪ漰𣬱ضװйϵ˺ͳ͢⣬ǾֻܺһЩҳˣһСľֻ
ϵ󰡣ȻҺˡ⡣ҹү˽¸¾˲ǮİϸڣԽԽľ
ǣͷϵģһҲṩϷҲǸ˻ʦǴһ顣
Ψһתһҵϵ˵оǰ϶£ΣľֱС
ͬʱҲգһҲ𣬾һûϵ˶
ԣʱ䣬ֻǾңүﶼ
ȻǱ˳žߵĳӡҹȥ˳һɽ⣬Ҳӡˡ
Щdang˱齨λӣóߴܵսٵıҲСɽۼ¶
ټϹ˼Һ׷ߣǱʼҲʧⰸӵ˾͹ھ֣ȴܶֻܰ˷ˡ
ԼӴӾ뿪Ǳʲôһ֪֪˼ҵǳ⡣
ڿʮ£һȦģȧЩΪԵرԣʮֲɣ
һǾǽʮ˳ʮģ˳˵ı־ϻɸ۵ġ
һżڹ˼ĲҲͣ඼ôкͨ͵ϵͳһϲϹˡ
Ϊһߣ˵޸ְֵҵ¹淶˵Ҫ֪ЩǲԷġ
У߲СﶯкҪһҲ޸ڵĹ淶֮һ˵һһϵͳĳλѧƶģһֱ
̬淶Ӧûˣ޸ֲԱֻԱɻҪɺ͹ϹҲǲУǰ
һҲ͵ˣ²Ĳ࣬Ҫ޲С޸ľ飬Ҳ˵Ľ֣ҪŮͺҸֵһ
˴ĴۣȻֲһϵͳЩֹ꣬棬һֻֽ֡
һ֣֣׳bad ending
Ůһ
Ů֣֣üǧýɽᣬΨûŮһС
˵һֽֽ֣֣ûԹȻҲԿ취϶ȹѹء
ϱүؼңǼҷź򣬱ڳùӴƨɡ˼һļҷǺǰЩ̷ȴʮ壬ùƤӺѪһֱ̫̫ιȥүͣ¡
ϱ̧ضԺȥչù˼ҵ˰æ̫̫۹ϣĳɼҲࡣ
һΪһº󣬹ү֪ڸʲô۶ӣضֹٺӴ
û뵽ǣȷʵе㱾£ȻŲ壬̯ƺҹ̸ȻȰùүҲ
ɰѹùǺǰɵʲô£͵ðڴ綼ôصĴˣȻ֧һٴ
Զ׼ƫģܲĺǶһٶĹ˵ȲϣǵŮҲѡ˹ϣһŰĵȻҲΪ˹ϴԭƾʲô
ǵļٴαȼȥָܵ£֪ˣǵֵ͵˽ˣԴУعͷʰʱˡѾ²ܸı䣬ֻ뾡취ùǸλϣôû˸Ұôǹүƫϵ̶أƫ˭ȥ
һҲû뵽ûϽأԸȼܶʻ
ǻҵһҪԼ⣬ѹ磬Ǵ⡣
һ룬ԼģǱ㿪ʼӹǡ
ҲһûУĳ˼Ҷүݡ
үһҲָ׶ӣүôƫģҲϣպŮ޳ȥ˾С
Թ˼ҳ̫̫ǵĶӣүҲһЩҵӵġ
Щӵһ򲻴кһ͵͵̹ϻһս֮ġ
ʣƨɻûȫֵŲȥ⣬æýͷö
Ȼû˼ҵȷʵҲܵӰ죬ԼҲүˣڴʮ¡
۾һһʱ·ݣ¶ϲе콫ҪϺĻҲ¡
ʱůˣ߰·ôȣҲէů
ҲϲУ֮ңﶼʵͽͶէһϲУôǮ׼ңһõɴۡ
μûضȥɴ˼ҾͰǰסڹ˼ҴԺԺĿշ䲻١
˵ʱ򣬹ȻǲЩģֻ˵ﰲǰסǼݣϲ΢̧ۿ
ĵʣҪһȥݰɡ
ãϴסǶɣסԺͦõģҲڣϺ캮ѡ
ʮ⣬ɣ˿סصݣǰ㶼ںء
ⲻ֪뿪󣬹ȥԺԿ̫̫Ϊɣصݿۡ
ǰʱʮֿܾŮ̫Ű壬̫ͳʮȤԼҲȤˣŰ壬Ͼ飬ǸϲԼ컰⣬˵˼
ɵزˣΪ¡ܣЩˡ̲ס뵽ص飬صּļ⡣
ϻص鷿ӳ﷭һص飬Ȼʰӵʱ򣬴󲿷鶼һˣʵ͵͵һӵ¡
ôʱδⱾĴڡֱղţ˼δۣܴ졢鷳ټϷⰲԼסǼ̽ӣʮֲá
˵ʵϲϲľǹʣϲҲϲĻˡ
ۣⳡϺЩ˶ؼ˺Լ׵ֵܶڻҪδӶϾԼĺۡ
ֻڷص飬עͼ¶ʱϲܸоƬ̵
صʷּһѪĸҲɰ󡣹뵽һʱһߴһѧѧǺεȵ츳Ϳ̿Ҳҽ̣ķԴ£ܿѧ
ǰ̫͹ˣǼŰ罩ʬһŮӣѾ˿־ǿʱŮԡ
ȹϷ飬ŷʱ䲻֪ѾϣߴŰַŻȥ
߳鷿ԺķͻȻӿһ˿ڡ
ӵеʱΪݽ棬ʧȥʱӵСǵòģõģνļˡ


101 
ô룬֪һæź͹⣬͹Ǻͷ̹˼Ҳҵ
æˣɴġŮڿϵػ˺ܶߵҲܵ˺ܶ˵ĵƺá˳嵽Ǳ÷࣬˽ͶһЩáż
ػЩ⣬еһ޷йŭЩżָΪŮˣڼӣͷ¶ȥˣڻɿҸŮһ㲻ҪǡŮ˼˼룬ЩʲôŮƽȵĹͺɵνһ˵ĶЩ˾ڳ⣬ǿ϶˵Ǯ˼ֺԼĹҡ
Ϊɵ·Ǿȹ֮˼ֻǹҺԽԽСǿ裬ЩǵˣȴվڵƸߵ㣬ѹ
е˸õģеǴװͿ֣һʼȷʵŮ˷ǳӰ죬ڼһȲ첻ȥ
ң˳ݵϰǮŮǶȹѹء
˳ϰ־ʽһ֯רŮԹˣϵϰ壬ԸǷ֯ڡŮ棬˳ϰ˲ڷܿϸɵĹˡ
˵Ҳ֣ڱֽϿǹ治ϡ£ǵġŮԿֵ֧濯ǵ˳֯Ƹ棬ȻЧ
ⲻ֪ںо仰СںҲǺ족㲻̼ң¹ܳǺǻȵ֪УȻϺû
е˿Ů֮˳֯Ůʱ̲ס룬ԼҵŮȥܲǮá
Ҳֽֽ˷һߵĸ˼ҲںֽϵƸ棬ɨпġ
һ𣬵˳֯ڹﵹе˲ٺԱ
˳֮֯ķչҲ൱֪ŮԱռȸߵҵǹǹЧʶá
˳ϰ׬Ǯֽ乤һռҲҵһ׬˲Ǯ
û뵽ԼŮϲֵͬʱڸ׬Ǯչռϲ⣬ʵǾˡǰмֲģڰͲøϽռҲҵᵽϲ
ôżҲûԭ򡣴ʱʱѾʱ䣬ԭŻڴɱûþǣһЩ¼СɺԼժøɸɾȫռҡ
ԭŮǺ޵һҲûиŮйӴи°ӡһǾһôܷ꣬ɵһΧתֶһ޸ˡټһûԭݺ˺Ůһѹ̸ϺޣΪһһȥݺռҡ
ռҰ˵Ԫһֱչô磬Ϊ˼Ҷ֣ΪԪľѾǳΣˡ
Ļãû꣬սҪǰزûд̣Ҳ򣬸صװָ̣ԷǷdongĵĲǸ֮սǹҺһ֮ս
룬ǰѲҵȫᵽϲȥֱӳ֪ⳡʲôȻǳսҲһܴϲϲչ⡣
֮ܶһ־ڣضһϲҪôϲҪôǴһ
ϲһ϶еţϱǵģһ˹ܲһӣǸ˵ŮģƿռԭףҲΨһˣռҵһжģһ׾١
ǳһƬز޶Ϊ˵ĸ鶼ûУԸز顣һĵǣƬûи飬С
æǰæɿ졶ŮƬأͲΪƬϵ˼뿪Ŭ
ذԼһҲӴÿһõˣĸףɣ̹дֵ游游ŮԲɱл游ЩܹΣεһЩزϲУɵȰˡ
ذЩˣҲЩڽء
һ֪δƬϼսЩսһ֮ԿԸıģʷĺջÿһͼ赲ˡ
۵ȡһֱ֪ƬδˣԼ۵Լʱһˮʷӣò󣬵ֹһˮ룬Ҳܡ
ʱսˣزߵĸ߰˳ɣһǵʱ򣬲Լǻᱻץ
յŵһӿչԼĲøϲǰ̸˼ҲҵΪԼС
ˣϽԽԽ࣬ϵĲ˳ѹܾûֱ˰ȴ֪˭ֵĸоˣֳ˽֪˭ĸоŭ޴й
ÿϻصңﲻǸĸ߶ˣĪܴ
µ׵ʱ򣬹ϺĻҵݡ
粢ǴͳʽҲ˲ƣΪҪȫͳǾ̫ˣϾͱϵ¸ýͷöĻ˼ȥӭһҪĴͳ
ⳡ̾ˣȴ򵥣ĸҲô˻˼һʹϵĺĻᡣ
ǲϴȥˣǳضžƸ游дˣ̸ӣүʮ⣬öǶˡ
ⳡݶͣݣ඼ǸȨݳһ⣬ŵ˱ȽΧӣЩһ߾ڸǵĻ羹ȻݻһɹʲôʱǾơֱ϶ûݾơ
Ϊ£͹Ϸ˺ôĻ󱻹ºˡ˵Ǻ壬ԹĮӣ˵ó䱩ţȻ͵㶫ԶԲһ챿ֱ󣬾ҹԼԼˡ
ҵݣ˼һҺңһΣûгϯ൱ˡϰãϴεľʧһ£
ҵϷ֮ͬôǸ
ϷϴǼӰģϴº˵ܴ׬һʻܴĳ룬أˣǮսˣԼ˻ץ
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ϷԼϴ˲֪ٹϵֻ˶ǮŰӾ̳ˣϷҲڿ˲ƤҶ˼Һҵˣִֻܴˡ
εϷԹкܴǴӾ˲ƤˣǰץŵİѱҲ౻˸׳죬ʲôˡ
֮磬ҲΪϴϷ͹ϺҪȥǻǹʹһ׽ӿƣĿľǺڳԺڡ
Ȼ²ϷԹɣҲ塱˭ֵεˡ
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ǣϷѺڼ䣬Һöʰϸ·ˣΨΣϷǱر˶ʱбſϣЦӴ˭ⲻǵϰôſڵء
ϷҧʹǶ˵ʲôأһѣʹˣƨɶ˴ˡ
ţ۾ȴ̲סʪ˶ˣξȻڵ벻ĻɫҲΪȴ


102 ˫
Щʰϸ·ʱʵҲҪҪܣϸܵȥͷֲǰһһ˷ȫϷǳңԺӡƲȫսɣεǮԼţҪ㵽ͷϣ·Ҳûãȥв˻֪ˡ
ʣ֪Ѿ޵ңһپһ*ûõġ
ߣǱ߲᲻ΣҲ˸ϷڵӵϸȻǱҲ²󶨲ʲôϷ϶뱣
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ȻȨ׺ĶûȥϷһŻֻһ˻ңʱжòСǰԼΣһɫһƣ̸ʲô飬νѼ顱ײ氮ˡ
ȵЩԭ䡢̫̫ŷϷҲûаǶߣղ󣬵ȴ̧˴̫̫
ʱξ֪˰˵ŻѼ飬Ψҵ氮ʵǰ̫̫ǻҲղ
һ£ҵĵλȷʵࡣǰϷû£ںóԺúȺôĶȽԼֵµֵҲεʹǷδ̽Ϣ
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ʱˣߵÿһڵ裬ÿ¶õˮ©
ڰˣЩڵϵ˸˵
ɺȺαΪûȷ֤ݸųˣУ¸أû˸Ҷ
һĿǰҲ㰲ȫϾݲûб¶ѹû֪һġ
ԴʱһνӴҲԴ󷽣ù˼ˡ
վԺӵһǣ״죬ʵ򲻿ʲô
ں㣿һЦʡ
һϲֻѼϷ룬ȹʱֺˣĶܼǵֻ빲ˡ
ʲô㣬ǲ׷ˣ
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ϷȥҲˣȷû¶ڣ׵ص㻹ǹģȺ飬ֱ֪ͨϷѻ˵ǼҲ˵ҪֽţҲֻйǱлᶯֽţϷ˻ǰŵ֪׼ȷصġ
ϷɹϣҲɹϣ֪ˣϷΪϷˣǻ˲׬ǮҸڰѻٻȥɣ
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ϷμӹϵĻ˳㻹κ͹˼ŮԼסڹ˼ҵһãԼȥ͹ϹүӸִ̽Ϣ
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κһվһ飬ʵҲδϸһ꣬ǹӲ˿ȥ񸻼̫̫ҵǧ
̣Ͼڹ˼ң˰죬ûͳͱһһͷֹ
ڹ˼ҳ̣ŲŹү̾˰ӳȥһЦ˵
η˸ۣǻģģвó̵Ĺء˼ǸײԺһ
һ̾ٳ̰ɣ̺ʹҲˣ
Ҫܣҵﶼû㣬СѾͷƬӻˡ˵ô˵ȴûٳڶ̣̣Ҳδŭ
ιյģ˵һȥôｻ
Ϸ͹˼ŮùϵǾΪĴ̽˼鱨һȻҪһЩ鱨
һߡΣ˼Ҳǹһ˵㣬үϻвٵƣȷʵֺҲΪʧһЩǵùүˣүӹǣԹϲòգҪװǣһƣװһ𱻾ץʵ˽𣬵ȹͷٱϷ׸˵ԼģζƸ
Ļֻûãܴ˷ˣ
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һġʵܶ࣬תϷֻй˼һʿʹù˼¶ʳҹү͹鷿ܣżһʲô¸ܷͷĻ
ټϳ¾Ǳ߷ȷʵ˹үһǮԲζ˵ϷԼԲ಻ڵϸڡ
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װӣߣʶ࣬ҲҪģҪȥ򡣡
ϷЩΪѣΪܣæúܣʱ˹֡
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ϷЦӴҵĸΣȹұ֤㡣
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ϷϽȥȡǮһ֣ҪٶУúúλռС棬ָܴǶ׵鱨أסڹ˼ңɱǰ̽ӽȥˡ
ȷʵ˼ҵ˻϶ˣҪôʮͽ˹˼ҸɻģҪ㰲һѾС˿ɲסһЩҲӴӵһЩ£Ҳãδסڹ˼ҵһǶ̽鱨ͺˡ
Ϸ֪ŴһǶ̽鱨ⲻ֪һ鱨һٵĻΪľ͹Ϲҧ
ϷͲ˵йõܵܣϻĺܳһʱ䣬»ֶܣÿ첻ӳ⣬ǼҵĻˣۿɼرԽԽɣݡ
һĹϣҲƸƵûˣһǰʱòս
ʱĹү֪ΪĽ˸ʲôɽҲ֪ɽ󽫻Ϊѹ˼ҵһݡ


103 
ǵˣΪӮΣһʴ
ϲа̼֮ңҵǳ࣬˸ʵҵ漰˽ҵ
йϵϲеǳļ֮һʱбȺж˺ܶҵʵУǴʱҵɸ
ϵмеŵĹҲ̻廧Ĵʽ㡣ǣϱգŴ
үȰҲͶŴ²С£̣ҵʵȵȣͻϢɶҲǱߵϿ⡣ԣϲ¶ԼҪͲϵĳ
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Ҫ˵˼Сôжʵ͹ʱĹүɵϴԼͻ䣬ҲпŲ֪ôͷԣڹүӹǻ㿵ʱѾ½½үϽӹ˼Ҳҵ
Ҫ۹ɷݣǿ϶ǹүϵ࣬ϵĹɷݴ֮ǹǣŹүһ㣬Ҳ϶ࡣ
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ֻϧү׻еӣ֪еҪԣҪǳ£ϲжøŶǿӻͷˣүҲûóȻֵĹɷݷָǡ
Ŀǰоү͹ϳеĹɷ࣬ҹĿǰľ³ǹү
ȫطжʮңҲǹϸҴչȭŵԭΪصĴУг˴ӱ𴦵ʽС
ңĽΪ˺͹ϺꡢƷȵȣҪϸͶʺ͹˾ĻԼһЩ硢ùĲҵҲκһš
νˣ˺ܶҵϣǣİǮƽ谭
߹˵ĺܽţһһϺͣ࣬͹ǵСһ㷴˼ûУѲǰˣ
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һ治֪ﶼװЩʲôǹ΢һʱ䣬ΪԼܹˣûȻǹ˼ҵڶȨ
ÿһס˷ĹǣȻ͵鷿ĶԻ鷿ĶԻʱ类ԭء
֪ںʲô˺֮ǰʶ͵ϵżʱֻΪ˵ı̣ȴû뵽Ȼװͷӡ
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һڶڶҪŭĴпȫٻ쵰Ҳ֪أݣһֶ͸¶ˣҲһ
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һ˾۾ɨһɨȫ㵽Ծӡ嶵Сһ˵ѡ
ǵײȹ˼װɵı²ô
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һʱ֪ؽϻ᲻ͼϰ࣬ϾǱ߿ܻкܶҪء
ȲˣһҲ٣УԼż
ڴҵΪ˱ܿͽػ񣬶ʼðˣȻĦ˹İ󲿷ʵ˼ֻԼ֪
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һ֮ǰдţһֱȵ˵࣬ۿͼݾҪˣػûһ뿪
˭ϣһҪʱ⴫һŲ
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ʱͼݹŻвһСʱ˶Ѿʰ뿪ˣֻвʮˣҶͷɸģʮְ
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ԼǺУ£ԽԽæҪ֯һЩ˶ͰͼߵĹˣ΢Щ
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زϴĹ͵Ǽٹ˽ˣ᲻÷һܺһͷĻᡣ
ȻĻܶ˵ɺ׷ǹʣĿܰĻֻЩ˵˵Ҿɣذɡ
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˵䲻ģǱνУڹʱͶԷӴ̹̹˽º˵ôܣЩˣͺ͹һ
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Ҳô˵û£ҲµģⲻĩˣҸϽҲѧϰѧϰ
˵ѧϰǰ̨£λϡǸλãǰһġ
ıʣԼддʼ޷רġɽطһЩżʼҪ½Щżиԣ꣬취ƽ͹ͷˣǰ˸ɡ
Ҫ˵ɷˣҲûй˵仰ͬһ·Ҫǲ˵ˣҲ˵ɸģѧУҲǴк¡
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ټƽҲٲ˹ѧϰϵĽӴһȥģ˹ϵͬ¡ʣʱЩͷȴҲ˼ߣֻίȰ˵
һĿһ¥ϣףųߵ־򣬺ֻġһһ۵ϵͳȫһѪѪ꣬һǱһֻĹ
ǣ䰡


104 
ﲻ鲻²ܻһѹһڶ¥΢̽ԴµرƼ︡һ˿ϲɫ򶨵˼ȥ¥
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˸ܶӣһ鵭ģð˵ûС
ؼֱҪҧһڰǿһ͹ߵýضҪ˵ģһȻñ磬пƼһûа仰˵ҲûбĪˣ
ؼӴŲҪʲôãýãĽûҲ˵ѪԵþͲ٣ʶģǸý㣬ζҲ
ؿɲ뱻ˡáѡķļˡ
׻˵ڰȶĵ˾ˣؾãóס
һˣҲῪڽͣҲƢˡ
˭Ҳûҹ˭ǹ˼ҵϢüĿ
һֱףΪһһڹ˼ңظɹһڣû뵽Ԫϲˡ
һϲү߾յϢϲصؿʼ׼ӷϴҲܸӣϲһȥ˹˼ңǺ͹үɣһλм˼ҶŮ⼸չˣҷ׷ǹʣ˼һһһĳԴöһ㲻ȹ˼ҴԺүС˼˵ĳ⡣
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үǶҺδжԻͣԺϲоͶ˵㡣ɲɵӣҪǳˣȷʵ׬ҪǲɣпΡ
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һǰϲͶ˼֮ǰǸӡϸ硱渻ǧ𣬾˼ļҲ
ʣһһЩ仯Ҳ
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˵֮ѣ룬ԼѹⳲأ
ò˵Ĵ׵İ취ܱͲǴ뷨ܿϧһĿĺȫ롣
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ʱڿ˱һߴ绰һ˱Ϲһ˸һߵŵƣ͵绰һͷ
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һ̽˼Ϣȷʵûô㣬ͻȻһУ˼ҵ£һ㶼ϸһһ֪*ǶˣֻܴǱ֡
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ŮΪѾ˺üΣһһֱԼ־򵱽ڣ뿪Լ
ܲ⣬ǰŮѧʱҲûôôϲͻȻѪꣿ
ȥһ⼸궼˭йӴɣŮΪν־ڹڣΪĳ˲ϳŮǰΪ˹ҪҪģʮ˻Ͻ飬ԸŮΪ˰ڹڡ


105 
鲻Ҫһ黹㶫
ԼŮԴǰϲ󣬾һֱסڹ˼ң͹˼ûжٽӴ
Ůù֪ģǰӻСʱҾпǹףʱϾϴ࣬ʱһʮ꣬᲻ŮޡֻһŮʵϣи׸ŮΪ˼ҳӣʮʵ̳й˼Ҽҵĸʺܴ󣬲̫Ը׸
ǿж˵Ļ£պϲ׸ҿ϶ʱ⻥ԡ
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һѧҲˣǡүһЩ͸϶Ůء
ԴˣЩˣΪϺضʱһعмأ˼Ҳû֪ͨǣûռ˳Զ硣˵ռԶԪҲ
ռҵ£벻Ǿ˼˸ģʶôãҶӶ鶼֪ͨһ£͸ɶģôռҲһݺѽ
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һع֪£ڼ﷢˺ôһͨ𣬲ûѼҸˡһ뿪Ԫݱܷͷ֮ʱһȥϲ˼ңһҪȥ
һȥǹϸϻع˼ҽ飬·ʧ١һڹ˼Ҳߣǵõȵϸ磬ںܶ˿鲻ĵı֡
ǰعѵԭŮַڹ˼ҴţȻù˼ϲûʲô⣬һڹ˼ס˼£ؾѧ˼룬ͺĹˣ
˵Ҳйϴ˸˵ԭڣصĳҵĴͳϴԣˣǱҴĥҲǾԸɲ¡
ֻҪһ첻飬˱һҲޣŮҲֻ̫̫ܵ
˵ںܶһصΪ൱淴Ǳʹһ㡣
ԼŮʲôӣ֪ܲŮϵǳúÿҲҪժģŮڹͷװǽһʵΪռҶŮô᲻ԡŮǰŹϣҺû£Ȼܷŵ¹ϡ
ŮҲеŮһԱŮûгԶ󱧸ͻȻѣȻΪˡ
ŮĪޣҪù˼Ҽ֮ʣùԼֲòϸԭǻŸ˼ҵõأ
һʱ齫ݣ֪ԭԼԲһǿȡϷ롣
Ͳһ˵
θ˽е
һ򡣡һٴһš
ˣָһȡ
ŶϣãͬһЦ˵
λԴ˵ǵȻǮǮ
ﻩĴŮǵЦȵɢȥεȼһ̣Ǯ
˲ϲζɢˣһҲϲҪ
μ̵һ߶̻ңһǮ˵ɣ˼ʲô㶼˻ܴʲô
һЦһǰˣҰֿǺ͹ү˴ޡ
ɶ˼ʵƳһǽͷָǽڡ
һ֪Ϸڸ͵ء
ɶ˼ҰһүȲҰ̸ˡ
˼ҺռҶˣ̸Ҳʲô˵ģ
һֳ°ͣ״յ˵Ұ˵ʲôС⣬ͶǮȥҰֲŵİһڳǰǮȥ
ɶ⣬ҵĺãɱˡε˵ﻹ˵Һд㣬ȥٻ̳ϴοϵǿұ׼¡
һЦЦʲôҰˣʲôǰϸԽԽˣܾɵԽߣҲԽԶԽ׷
Ҳÿ˹үռңҵռҺ˵Ҫ쳧ͶʿɴˣǼҲ֪ʽر࣬ҪͶôǮȥⱾ
ʲôμϷġ
ʲôиɶšһֹ˵Ҳǲ׹ؼϢ˵ˣҪģʲôʱ֮ϸͲˡ
֮һ͸¶Ϣǣ˼ҳռҳǮռҲͶôǮȥϾռҪԶǨ⣬ǮͶȥˣڱأַʲôⲻý
˼ҸĴǷǳˣ˵ʲôȫϲȫһңȽˣرĺ
֮һѹ˼ϴĻε˵һ飬ֻʡйĻϰǲ֡
ϷĽǶȿǾǹ˼ϷܼǮ಻١ΪǰȻҲС׬Ͼкܶױϣ˼ҲնϺͷܾú˺ðգΪ˷ֹ٣ȻʼԼһ˴ˮ·
ںϲмɽش˵İɣóɽսȥǻ治С
ϷһʱסˡҪù˼ҽˣﻹ׬ƨ
˼͵͵ڽҲʵ£ռˣһֱкϷ֪
ɴ˿ɼϷ͹ϣȷʵԾ˽֮󣬾Ѿ϶˴
¿ֹϷֱ˦ԼɡϷ˳ãϰ˶Ȼ֮ǰ̰ͼ׬ǮΪȻڹϲˣ͵ڶ·ɱ˸ĸοϴξ𰸵ĳûء
ҶΪǶԷԼΪһ¹˼Ҫ˦ϷϷϴε¿϶Ҳǹ˼Ҹɵģ˭֪Ϻ͹ֵܣһһ£ǮҲȥТ¾ˡ
ϷǽǱûðɣ޲ھͳһɱȥ˼ҡ
ôҲǵֵˣס֮Ϳʼ˼ôƻ˼ҵĺˡ
һѻĻö˵Щ̰ĲˣΪ治ָԼԹ˼ʹɱ֡
ȷʵڲɻҶֵĴ֣ϷҰ¾ڣõ鱨ȫԽ֪Խη
δ˼ҵ鱨һ뿪ʱһûϳǿΣ˵Ϸˣ֮ץ뿪ҡ
ΪϷԹ˼ҵĴֺ󣬱ȻҲᴥ棬ʱҲᱨңμңʻᱻ꼰
ΰڰ֣֪ˣ߶߶ģСѾͷƬô軹¡ֲɵӣҵܵñ˭졣
һٶ˵ϻư뿪ˡ
ưһ·һߣ;ѧȽϽһƬϳķȻϣʤѧҲˡ
һһƳȻһСڣλˡ
Żϻ˭Ͽ𣿡վӿڣ֣ɫΪѿ
ȼȥ˵վ˵ôء
˶಻࣬Ҿ㣬ôȥĶˣ
Ƭ·Ʋֻ࣬һյһԶƼˣгͣԶ͸ǮԼŹȥ
ԽԽһԽ
ΪҲ֪ʲôβΣ㵱СĹ𣡡εúܼΪɤ˵
һһĹΣǵصʱҲЪ˹﷢Ƣ
ڴ¸ɶʲô²ۻؼ˵𣿷ǵҪַھȫЦ㶼ˣô£Ҹ㰡﷢񲰡
ؼңЦһؼ͸ҵģҾҪ˵ôҶǸʲôˣ
Σ˰ΪҲŮˣͿԵű
㲻ǿ׳ΪקһλؼҲ¡
ֻϧֵʱһǡɡΣ
һ㶣ļ϶ͱץ׼ѿ
չģģҶҶ𣡡ίһ˿ǻ㣬ÿˣȻָʲôء
εسһЦЦ㿴ЦˣС㣬θƢأҺ˵˵˵ֻȴȥȻַھӵҲ
һɲģֱֱΣʣû°ɣǺþûûסǼˣҪҼס죿
һٴγ׳һλᣬνסˣȷʵЩ¡
͹ﳳʱŭ죬ǵԼץţ˫ǯסʱͺˡȥһסҲã͵侲ˡ
ǣθһˣ֮ǰĿⲻƵؿŹǶ侲ɣҲˡ
ǰһֹסˣЦҡͷã·עȫ
һͷһۣʱﾹȻֱֵˣ
ȶѷֵĹЪ˹ǱߵĹΣ˭ʤ˭һĿȻ


106 Ȱο
һŹһ·߻ȥϲĶģϾǸûҪһ׷
ǰԺĴƽͣĳռҺ͹˼ҵסլȫһ˼ǴͳĴլԺӵšռҵķǵ͵ʽСǰԺǴյؼӻ԰Ǵ¥ϲҵȷ䣬һ¥Ǵ͵ĵط
Ҫϲȷʵϲʽװ꣬ڵװ꣬һȥ¥ϿϢһ·˶Щ㱡
¥µʱƼΣкΪξȻֻǵؽ塱ͱ飬˾ûָӡ
ü뿪ڶһ䣬ѵŮһӻ֣ʾܣֵͷֽȥˣˣ˵Լȥ
صһһ㱣Ϊڼҽ㣬ǵöһ䣺ôˣΣǲǹʦ㲻ãҪǶ㲻ãȥ
λҡͷһ˫۾죬һͻȻһ˳㣡أˣıˣ
ţξͿʼһ߿һ߿߹Ʊ䡣
ԭԴȥ괺ں󣬹ϺĻ¶£αԼ͹Ϊʲôܶ顣ƾʲôԵȢͲܵͼأٲãȰŹ׸ǼҲ
һæͿӺϣѹûôעΣ˵ҵ˴̫̫һ˵ǣҪ͹һ
̫̫͹үҲû취ƣҲñƵ̫ǽ·ݵʱ򣬹ү˹һǮǽģù֤ԼϾԹ˼˵ͷҪĴ£еı£͹һ˼ҵһЩҵҲǲУǮһʽ
õǮտʼȷʵ֤ԼţȷʵͷԵˣ黹УʵǲУһ˺öǮڶС⣬Ҳˣûеծ
ү˵Ǻɸ֣λؼҼҪǮͷĻᣬүȴǲˣֻϺ꣬һ۾ͿﲻʲôöȻȰŮҲˣҲˣǲȰǾֻˡ
үԹŮǺ۰ģǰǲ漰棬Ůһ޸Ǿ׵ĸ첲գڻûͿʼҼǮҪ˻黹ˣ
ڽϽ󣬹үͺ͹η˼ңùγ׵ȥǽҲãҲãǹ˼ҵ¡Ͼηֳȥˣ¾͵ԼҪ޸˭С
һҲ˵ˣûܣΪԴϴ̫̫˵Ǯ֮ͺٺ͹ˡ
δӹ˼ҷֳԸ͹ˡǻ˹ϼҰģϼϲбȽԶϷ򣬹εһγԵνİӰ磬СЩ߼᳡ȫһܵ˼ĳ
ﻹҪϲ飬ҲסڹңϾϲĸֻϲ
ǽʱͬգ˲ǮûٶԹαԹԼǮû٣̫̫ģүָһǮټ֮ǰǱʽﵱⱾǮǰǰҲʮˣһʾ޿ˡ
ʮ⣬ôҲǶ˴ѧģǰͱҵˣټڹ˼ҶĿȾһЩĵٲãи˼ŮڣʶЩǮ˼ҵ̫̫ǧҲ˵ܶɽϲվȽŸ׶ǹĿ࿴
أĿ⣬ǮȻϲ˷ʱزҲ˵׬ǮؼﲻǳͶȥģ仧ϲУ˵ݣ˷Ǯûʣ¶٣϶ˡ
˷ӣⲻõģֻҪĲΣԼѧʦôÿʮʮĽأһӱźţŶʮ꣬ʹõһʱ̫󣬲ϳȥټϴ󲿷ֹҲŮԣܸɵһЩ򵥵ҲԸɡ
ԽʱһֱڼҵļͥÿĿǰûкӣȻʮСﵱ裬֪˭չ˭
ˣÿҲηġǮ˷Ѹٰϼҵĵӵ
³Բůڳӱ㰲ȡ
δǰֻҪչԼ͹һȥأڵչһӡɲǶӣﻹеܵáҲ֪ﶼ˻û飬Ҫô۹ߣҪô۶࣬ЩܵãԺҪĵġ
֮ڹҵӲùҲӼ˶ೳ֣ǹκͻìܵʱ򣬹ξͲƤɰЩЩµСӣʱҲȡ֡
ԽԽؼң˲εŻؼңһؼմ˯Ҳ֪ʮˣǷ涨ȻоȢǮϱţðļȴ޸飬֮ìܣ
󳳴ֲǵһˣֻǸպñһײˡ
һ꣬ʱ֪˵ɶֻĹε֣̾еĲ粻ҪɣҸʦ
ü飿
˻飬Ҷ˻飬صȥ˼
뵽Լͼ˾ʱĳĺܵģزȥġ
һҲȰˣôǹε£ǰӹǱ׵˲ٹϵ٣˹μǻرȹס죬ȥֻɹԼ
ʵϣβȫҾȥΪڶЯȫҵŰݷá
ҪռסַѣϾռҰϲмˣڵҲС
ú˵εǸģʱæڹҪǮңôһӶҪ˹Σټϼ¶࣬κкϲĵطìܣûע⵽ҹֱȽϽűʶԼĴ󣬸æǸȥ
ﻹ˵ʲôȻһɵģټռլӣһԳڣҲסֻᱻ˵л
׹ﻹǴˣǸôϣص룬Ҳ͹ࡣ
˻Ǹˣһ״Ҳֱ֪˼ҵ£ֻΡ
μԴǳϿңȻҲˡһҲ֪ؼѵˣ˵ܹס˵ģûзûңΪùܰˡ
λѡ˺͹ؼңһ״Ҳ˵ʲô飬͵Ǹƨ˰ɡ
һҲû¡
Ҳ˾ֹʵЩ󣬱ȥǰռһй˼ҵһЩݣôֵܸЩҷݹ
ηֹռҵķ󣬶̬ȺЩˣƤһ˹˼ȥ
̫̫ˣϾֻһ˫ŮӹⱼæµֻŮã¼ŮӲùˣ̲ס˽¸ǮӼá
˴̫̫Ӽãʱͷ̬ʼԹκţżЩҲһġ顱ͱ֮Ժ
үһʼţܿڴˣΪ͹æںĺʱˣй֣ƬʧءսϢɿ촫ϲУȫضֲ̿ѡ


107 
ҲˣϵѵƵԽԽߣٲȻһҪӳģ
һٴαǷӳ⣬ʼղܴһ¡
ֳΪϾǰЩսСС֣οɲһˣɵйսÿʮˡ
ңԹֵķʧأ󲿷ֵĵعٱȻѡӦԣǶҲϣˣֻ롣
һߣʱԭ뿪ûκθأزضúûţȻʧˡˣһҲϣ
˵ˣϾѵͺڹⲻҲڴ̣һһԭ͸¶Ĵ¼Ϊ¼͹йأԭ漰ӵ⣬ҲһصľΣսϣҲãӵﶼһ
Ů˭Ҳ˭һӣö⣬һҲó
һľԴռҵȫջأͲˣһûǮʱѷһˣһûضȥҲߡ
ΪȷһȥԭһֵĻΰҲ˼һˡ
ϧǣһĺǿΰ־ͱ˦ˣȥһ
һûȥͶɣΪ֪ɻںҪˣҲΪѡ
ʣһȹθǸ޼ҿɹˡ
ڣ֪ǿסģṩõҲһ仰ջȥܾ谮ĸǧʵ޶ʵȨĸŮĳ谮УҲŶ¼ƿ
һ׼ϲ֮ǰ͸Լ˻һǮǮֻмֻ֪ء
һԤǣصʱûкܺõĹ׬ǮǮһѧ
ҵֵڣһ
һǮһ׷ÿϻˣҸͳץһץˣҲᱻһԸַʽӡ
ŤһֻͬٵȵȣڵʲôŮ˭Ҳ˵
ߵսϢ贫ȫأĻ̻̣صѧԼ־ʿʼлǱȵԿй
غɵҲУѧΪȫļѧ֮һ׵Ӧȫѧİ˶
μ֯ⳡѧʦ㲻ðȫУһҲץɺظΪѧеٹѺ
żҲˣϷܵܣУļҲ취һҵɣϣܳ֡
ɵȻ֣ҲȥҹθץѶļλ˼ҸȦӣ˵ʲôҲϷˡ
ɲٺôȻ̷ˣ׼ɴȥ̽ࡣ
һװɵһȥ̽ء
ϲеصĿСǰץһЩµǰڵʱҲץ˲ɷӣĿӽڣûٹ˷š˹ˡ
ŮзѺǷֿģͬһŮķзǱСܶ࣬صľҲһЩ
ԭҲ򵥣ʱ߳Ů˱Ͳ࣬ǰͷרģҲǴӾĩʱһλŮƽ˼Ůΰ˿ʼųŮ˱ͷ
Ҳ𾴵֮һȻԸԼͬҲɱȺðأһ
زʲôȻûеηܣŮѧѺһʮ˹ͬһηʱʱͻ˱ȥʻȻͻ
ÿ˱ߣʣµ˾Ѱԭȥ
ŮҲһˣҲ˵ۻ˶ٶߣѧڲҲкܶŮѧһҲ
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬Ůϳ˸¡Ͷ⣬иպ˼
֮УѾһʼɴӵС༭һΪˡŮĺĳԱ롶ŮŮѧصѧϰͳݵĶ
ǴҪúܶ࣬տʼΪȽӴȽ˼룬žŮʶˡҲ֪ԭؼ޹ˣҼ޵ûǵغպĹ˼ңǴӻѳŮˣŮʶǴʱõģǴԼѪѵġ
Ժ֪عѧǶ壬һ𱻹ηֻҪػȵסǾͲšһŶ裬ס˵һαѧǣʱԼδһۿ׵еڣžԼȻҲñı¡
ɺһ̽ʱľǴҲŲæģ
ԭЩѧûоĴĥէһ±ؽΣ϶ţû뵽ҾȻ侲
ɳȴңǱѾںͷ˽棬ȡŴҳȥǼǱߣҲȥ֪ͨȰοûʲô£*Ҳᾡοⲻѡ
һͷβû˵һ仰Щѧ죬ûȥŮİ´ʶһֻǾؿվء
ʱվηһǣηΨһһȴ߳һ׶һչ⣬ڿӳճ΢ֻһߣ͵˼Ժսط΢⼫Ϊơ
ӳճ΢չϣҲճϸ΢ë͵ͷʱĽë£صͫ׳ֳɫһһͷɵβȴʧᶨ
һһɫñŻɫװףǸӳִһ۾ͷһӣñֻһЩ鷢ñܣ۾ͷﻹűӣװڴϿһֱ֧ʣէһȷʵͦƽʱŰµС
һɼ治ܹƵȻռҾͻᱩ¶һˣһġ
زڿ̧ͷһһ̧ͷ¶һ˫۶ӡ
ʶ߬飬ЩȻײķ£ټ㣬ҲǣԭʱͱԼƵɫȻˣ£ؼûʲôҪĶˡ
Ǹ֮ˣ±ѺҲܳն飬ʱһ֣Ȼ̲ס߬飬ֽŶץۺˡ
ڲǵ䣬Ҳû취˵ڳŮѧȻǡŮͬ־ҲʶһΪպ©Ϣһܲ¶;¶
¿û£һͷˡ
˸˶˭û˵Ҳ״ʱ˵ǡʱɼԣȴѾԼ֪Ķ˸һԶԷҲָơ
һʲôǰֻѭԼ򵥵Ŀأ֪Ƿû£Ծðɴˡ
زʲôˣ෴ھ֮󣬷ʲôˡ֪İǲģҲ֪İ飬ҲӲǣ
ȴãһĺãǳһ򵥡ܵĺøУǰĹŮ˺ŮܲమܣһһϲŮһϲŮˣһϲ
ȻмһðǰǰһеĵĶɢ
һΪһУ֤һҲһĸ飬ǻʲô֤


108 ʧ
ֲˣҲûвȡʩУѾ˸粻Ȼ׵ѧֻѧֵץѧһЩ֯ߣ̱˸ߵߣʿԳΪϲҲ൱ѹ֮ԲˣҲǳβѹ
һظձŵԼأ˵˼仰ֻܸ뿪
˷ֱʱɸһѾ취߸֪ܲʿһʩѹˣǲУǾֻ취֯һл
һԴˣֻԴһ˿ɻؿɣʾ𣿡
ɵСʱΪһٰ͵ȱ˲ûСɶǶԳУʵԼҲ൱ѹϴεлҲڰ֧֣˴İѱֻҲᵱץ
һЩлȤֻ󣬴ſںţӣֻǾ
ɿԶĿţſڻվڵʿľ֣žװࡣ⻹ۼ౻Ѻѧѣ棬޻ֺֻãֻܼѧһ档
޴ںֳľֵһһǿγɷǳĶԱȣһŻдɻ
̾˿ѧȺ׽Ӵ˼һȺˣȻ޴ȴԾģֻܽǵ飬ȥ˼룬ø˿ֵĶ·˼ˣﻹ˼ЫҪ֪дڵĿܡ
ǾãΪʲôֻץ
Ϊ£Բȡѹķʽ޷֤ǻãֵȴӷ֤һõġ
һƶǶͷԭˣڵлãԺ¾Ͳһˡ
⻰ɵıҲء
սӵϲԻҵĵֺͲбĵйȷʵûãʱֻȭͷˣȡȨ
һĿһͻȻ뵽ʲôҴҺɵ̻ؼȥء
֪һعϵã֮ǰԶԪֻ֪ԼŮɺУʲôãص˽⣬ֻ֪˼ҺŮ
һλǰʱüͷŮԽԽƫˣȻҲںɵ˺ֻǵȨں¾ɵ֮ûǷǶԴֻ衣
ŮΪһɵؾʲôһʻΰ֪ؾȻǺ͹ǸŮ
ӣˣһֱΪһڹڲߣΪ˹ϡǹϵǰޣŮôȥǰУ
ڲһΪʱһǳʲôԭҪأԽءɵ˳ӦõģΪصѧͺйϵռҿɲ˱¶
ʱ̽ʿȥѧ飬һᱩ¶ʱͬϷҲỳǣиὫìͷָǡ
ϰæһԤ֮УҪְæֻҪǣߡ
һ⼸ϲԾ٣ռϲصĲҵڴҲԼŮĲŸɣϲϲʿһŮˣ벻ȥǵȦ㡣
ԣһʵʱ˼ҵȦӾǲ档
һֻҪȥӴһˣԼİ취˰ȳЩѧ
ˣʵҲ͸£ֺõˡ
һôһֱ˿еһȥ
ݣȥ˼̸Ͷʵ壬Ҫһ飬һǿеġ
һһʲôһСľͻռҡ
һ˵ģֻȻ͹˼кǴͳϵľˣʵʲôںֻں档
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һڵʱ˶ϣвһ˿ȺšŮʲôʱҴԪû͸ƣŮȻԶϲͶԴָơ
İ̫İˣŮǸǧһȾİڲȾ˷ͻȻ׶ס
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˵εĻһؼëĻԼػѡ
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С˵İÿ첻£̸ڴŮԵǣʵĹÿ춼ΪԼҵæýͷöﻹס˼ҵĵλ˭ƴظɻ˵һΣյĵ·ıݲð
øжȴﵽһ٣ĭӰһ϶ʱҲźøжȰ˾ʮԺÿһ㡣
ΪԼ֣ǰ֪鷢չϱܿϵһЩӣӮù϶Ŀ࿴ʵȴǣϸһƽŮˣʲôԶЩ֪Ľ飬ڹһ֪δչǰ췽ҹ̷һ㡣
Ϊϵ·ϱǸŮ˵ˣϲҲϲͬڱŮһ棬ϲһΪŮˣ˾ˡ
ϲʱǧãﻹǿֻΪкøУһʼȡ֣Ͼ̲סְһŮ˶Դ
鳡ʧͬʱҲζпʧܣϵͳѯʽ취
ϵͳʲô취һֳֻṩһЩϵİϵĺøжȣûг죬ûб˶棬֮⣬ܼʲô
ʧܣһйϵû̫ĹϵһûΪ߽֮䣬Ҳûߥޱȥǵĸ飬һһùæùϵıԱ¶ǰ
һһ֣˫ȱ㶼¶࿴ᡣ޸ֲԵʱȴҲ޴֣ʱɱһأŮĸûκΰ
ϸ޸ּ򵥴ֱûã޸ֵļලԱŮĸȴҲΪ
Ϊˣ޸ͷԣ϶õ裬ô𽥾ͱأԭôŮôڶŮԽԽͷأ
޸ּලԱ𽥱Сߣüͷһߴͬµ˵СӰ쵽ˣһЩѧƷҲ˾ö߶Ͷߣ˵̫ʵˣʵ̫ǲϲ
ලԱصظܲҪʧˡ
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109 ƻ
޸ලԱĶԻһ޴ӵ֪ϵͳżϻĶԻһܿ̽һġ
ҪһʶǾ͵ôӹ˼֣˼ǰһͶʽǵʱûȷظ˫Ϊίܾ˴̨£û뵽ԵţἰͶʵ¡
˼ҸӵȻˣǹϣ֪ƶãͶʽѾˣûлͷȻǰʽʹˮƯˣΪôûɱͷȥ
ռҵļ룬ôеյͻߺܶ࣬ǹ˼ҲиսĻ鹲ˡ
⻹ǺܽõģһΣֻܸ˼ģǿ϶͹˼ģֻù˼ȥһˡ
ǣȻ¶ȤͬʱҲ˻ңսһսյϲͶʽЩʹˮƯ
˼Ҳпǹ⣬ǽȥʱѹûб߱йֵ£Ҳû뵽ʱе˾סսܶһ˷ֵգ˼Ȳ̸⡣
ʣֳǺԥүҲ⣬ΪҲôʱðպ
¹ϻҪһ
ȻүܲϻҪǵΪʱռǻԥʲôң˵㣬ǹС˵㣿
ҲΣһ㲻׽ܸˣռϿȥѰģʼվﲻԾ
ò˵ϵֱǶԵģ͹ӹүƿŮԽԽӹ̣ܽǺุܶĸǵ£ԽȰүԽǲˬ
ȻǸ첲šȣϻֲӣֻܽү磬ҲǸˣܲϺǾͿԼûǸˡ
үɱϷݻˣϯϲľ¥ϲһǮƵˣĸʿˣڹ˼Ҹһһǰᣬֻеغ͹˼ǣļλһ
ϷԭҲһģǹ˼ڷȻû˺ƤҲֻǰŵĿȥϷӣˡ
ȻϷôεӹ˺ܴá
Ϸᴵ߷ˣϷĺԺŮ˲٣̫ǸѾߣһ㲻ȴǰʵۺ徻ǸֶεģҲǷ֮͵Ҳ٣֮УܰպȣܲЩãƾľԼЩŮ˲һ˰ˣ̸ˣԿ˶ģռܶôƽͺŮ֮Ĺϵ
μ仰ͰϷˣϷʣϴεľ𰸣ʧûһǰľǮҲûõֵ۽ȥ٣ԼΪѶ˲Ƥ˴үأھ˼裬ʲô඼ûܣ󱻳¾Ϳͳȥˣ˵ûᣬš
ˣϷҲ̲ûϹ˼ȥһسӣ˼ҵãʲôⶼϷ棬Լ⵹ⲻǮ
Ϸã˼ǷģƾʲôټһӲˡ
ϺϷҲһˣҲ淭ǵȣ־ֵͬˣ˵ģ˵Ϸ˸ᶨҲ׳Լͬ顣
˼Ǳߵ֪Ϸڴ֣ʱͷ۲ѣϸϽȥϷ״ŹүɣΪﶼŵǹ˼Ͷʺˣʵŵ˸ڰᣬǺ̸úӺ뿪¶͹˼ǣ
ڰֻʣӣӶһۣЩĪ
˼˵һλµĺ飬ռˣôŹүˣ˭̸
ҸӶʱЩˣǼ˼
ڶ˽Ҫ뿪֮ʣűһŮ˽
ɻŮˣŴҲϲ˵ķԱǮ˼ҵС㡣
һһЦҽһգҸź͹үҪҪ̸ǲҹдλ
ɫÿдԼŮд˼
Ͳ󣬱͹үҪСƫ׳ӱԵþݺܶࡣ
ˣǳԵò࣬ˣת־С
ǽˣ˵Ҳһ˿⣬ٿʵҰҰְѹ͹֧ߵġ
ۿʲô˼
һ߽һѹ˵ЩҲ㵱Ź˼˵˵
׬ǮϲȫΧ㣬Ҫٲ͹˼ҵ⡣
ЦˣСѾͷƬͲ󣬿С֪֪⣬ǹ˼ͷһͷȣҶ㣬ȱǮȱ˹;Ӫ˹˼ң㻹ǰֽлɣԲѣ治֪ռô̵ġ
𼱣˵ڹ鱨ܻת⡣
һ鱨ߵֲֿоһ·Եأսյϲʱս𣬱¹㽨ʲôÿǮ
һ֪ⲻͨСС֣֮ĵйϲǿϮ½սõֽڽڰˣǺ浱ֺɺУҶпݡ
֮ѣ͹˼ҺĳһҲܵˡҪĲ׬Ǯѡվӣѡ񵱾֣ѡɣðѾں͹˼ҵϡ
ңȵսӣ˼ҵⲻֻܵӰ죬ΪȫԵľΣش뿪»
Ȼװ˲ʲôĻˣ෴ǸӳʲôΣҲ⣬Բź͹˼Һ˼˼Ҿ⣬׬Ǯ
Ϊ˽ͷգͶʽǮù˼ҵзǷŴģɼȻĻߣ֪ôװǣԼϵıù˼ĸԸ򹤡
ǣһеǰᶼǵĳ׬Ǯǲ׬ǹ˼һˮһգֻ٣˼öˡ
һ˵ʲôƣһ㣬ĶȴˣЩҲǶģֻûüѧڼ游״⡣
ʵڱսʱĶӾ͸оⳡսǺԵɣйսҲж෽صµģУΣҲ൱Ҫһء
ͷ󣬽ӷԽüͷԽӶһۣﶼȥսԽԽ
Ѿԥһ˵ЩʮңԶʲôȫ򾭼ΣʲôƣսӣҲúü꣬˭˵׼أһһ˵Żǵأ
ֱһһ仰¶˾ġ
Ҳ²ûĻڵİʧ൱أλ͹ϺӦÿԴϵڸʲôϲȦĶλȥ󣬴ˣҲ١
ʧӾһݣţһֱùϵʵۺ񣬲¡
һǱ飬֪йˣһ˵ʵۺ񣬹˼Ҵɺ⣬ΪʲôҪռأ˶֪ǵĲҵѾתȥṩ˼ҵİʽˣѵʵۺУҲʽת𣿡
ӳĬƬ̣סˣ뿪ȥ˴ϲȦ
һͿذͳţſڻվļһϻľ֣ɼƲ硣
ʱعͷ̽ĿһϣռΪʲôҪƻǺ͹˼ҵĺҼǵ𣿡
һЦЦ˵ȷʵҰֺ͹ĹϵһֱǣѾѡ˲һӪҲѡȷӪ
ĿͻȻֱضһǵֵˣ
һӦ⣬˵Ȼȥ˵Ļң㣬˳ݼ
ӴӾ¥뿪һҲĻص¥ϯϣ̫̫˵


110 
һһ㲦ѣӻȥϸϸϲȦ£Լ׵ģ˵ϲȦ»мĶ뿪пܱ꼰
һĻѾ˾ųɣΨһһɣҪΪǲȷһһˣɣ֣ɣ
ռϺǾɵˣһƻ˼Һҹϵһ֪ԲǾɵˣǾֻǵֻɵһõȵڶ֪̽
ӵڶȥ˳ݸԼڼɺУһ̣ˣռҿز¶ȲǴͳľɣҲĿǰͳĵ֣ȻǺǽ׼ȫͬɡ
ѾˣУ̸󣬵Ҳûк
ʱֵ֮ʣΪ£Ҳ˲׵ҲдһŰ֮ģԼ˹ڶԼ˵£й֣Ҳʱֿˡ
ֲֿѾ˸ʿͲסһˣҲԵ಻һǵֵˣ治ûȰ͹˼Ҽˡ
ɹ£ƿصװɺУһ߿֣û뵽ͼӹ˼ߵһɣ˶ûܳɹǱһˡ
ʱӦ˺ɺֿУͬʱһҲռԼǲʲΪлΪѧȥһˣʩѹõͷűѺѧ
ʱУԼҲǸԵѧ硢硢̽һʩѹҲΪֵһע⡣
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һȥʩѹɵҲˣֺֻܿͷЩѧֻɺУЩʩѹҲǲһУһ֣ҲֻãӲӲ
һߺ͹˼ҵĺҲˣҸһϼƾ;뿪ҲûͶǮȥǷŴǹϣҹΪ˲ϵˣǷŲеʽʸڷϣϣʱ˭ȥأ
˼Ҷʱͻˣ˳ʲô˼Ϊʲôˣʲô
ռҼˣװһ̸ģ˲˺װˣ˦ˡ
˼ҸʵǸ㲻һȥдȣԸǸԷֺ첻Ҳ
ǣѹǣһѹʶ˼˵ӣ˭𣬶˵ʶ졣
ϷֲԾˣȥ˭ߵý
ҲʱϷԭȱӻ˼³һЩ˳ˣΪץסˣ͵طˡ
µսǲ̹УʲôııϷս취ȥջ˹˼ҵĳӡ
ûӻЩڽ򽨳ɵδͶʹõĳӣеı˴еĻ豸еĴҹһ乤˻֡
һ˵˼м乤Żյ죬û𣬹үȥֳ޵ùڵأҪţ˶޲úͳһ档
˼شĴҲǳصģȥ飬֪Ϸµ֣¾ȥץϷ
ϷҲǸ߷ˣǰûôұ˲ҵѹͨˣŷӣӻ
ҴԺЩˣҪô̸ˣҪô͸ϷһӻϷк·ˣǹŲ´Ь˾ͻǶңϸҰô
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ϴĽ鱦뱲ˣֻҪǰݳ޵΢ʡ㣬ȫá
ڶһϷ·һֵǮ⣬ƿڴľֵˣûҵˣ˵ϴžǼҵ·ϡϷ˲ô࣬ʰ·
ǸϷܻˣ˼ʵйϵƵõֳȥ˷ˡ
ʹϷһ٣ȥǹ˼ҵϷҲǸӣŮ˴˵߷磬Ͳ֪Լ˭ˡ
תͷȥݶİǣЩֵ£˼ҵѹôྺ
Ҳ淢ˣˣͶȥôĳӣһ붼Ϸˣɴṩ鱨˵֮ǰ˽ʧٵһǱڳԺˣֻҪһ
Ϣ̾õȥ˷ˣһɲСĿûԵйֵʱʵǿ١
˭Ҳû뵽ѹɵȵַķҲûҵʧٵľ
ܾﲻԾûнҲûУѲ
ûȹϻعζ˼ĴѾ
򵱾־ٱзǷŴоְȨǷŲùΥͬʱϯȫľΣҲԹڵĽҵ˾޴ڰʧеתʽ־޴©
ഢ۴٣Ǹ廧̻׷Ҫ֣֡һʱ֮䣬˳ҡиòôǮŴǮòأǰʱиصķҲ⣬תһʽжȹѹء
ҹ˼Ϊ˽ҲŲ˲ʽͷϵʽǳ٣Щ٣۽ȥǮ
˼ҸѾˣү̱ϣţˣһжˡ
ҧûأȥҼλǮмǰǹϵУǽתȸЩҵ˰ǮˣסҪ
ϵ뷨ãӰֲֹһңҲԹ˲Ͼҵķ粨ҲԼĴеζȽͣ׷ȡǮ˭ڸҳʽУǾ͵ԼұҰɡ
첻ʱ漷ˣ˼ҲòǰŴȣѴǹ档
ЩѪǮеĴʹ飬еľǱֵַĴˣС⣬һܴǮأͶ˽ȥһǮȡ뱲ӵѪûˣǰʡԼãһǮ䲻š
е˴ǮΪеΪϣеǮҪȥβȡǮǲ뿪ġ
ҲпһЩ廧С̻ǮлӲңǮǸǷ
дҷ粨գֻ˲һܵʱ䣬ĸ߲ܵ飬ǷŴǷŲùȵܲˣӾ¾Ҳ˹˼Ҹӡ


111 ϴ
һŻưֶôھжôòҶг಻ҪǮ㵹һͣûֻͣǴɨһۣ˲״ÿġ
˼Ҹӿɺ޲Щȷʵ޹뱲ӴǮһǮò˵ƲƲҲǸЩôӴ
ǹƲʱ䣬ҲǱѺЩѧųʱ䡣
У˿⣬һһһЩ£ŵȺԶΪһԣܺһĿŵأֻԶԶڽֵͷӿڣߡ
һڰϨ˻ĵƣվѧ½½ӿſ߳
Ѻµѧǣһ¾Ǻӵ
֮УһصӰһ飬߳ŵʱһֱ鵲ڶͷϣõĹѺʹЩӦ⡣
߳źַڵ飬̧ۣͷ泯̫֮׵ɡ
ǰİɫѾƱ࣬Ӳùɫ㲣ӭϴʱַ·
ʱȴһԶעһ
ͥһף鶼û仯վԭأͣãƺڵһһ
߹¶ɫǸ㱻ôá
Ĵ֪ѾˣȻڻءҡͷµ˵
ֳŵһ£ķǾһϣкö˶ûŹȥԭвѡʳ飬С˵ֵĺģʳԼˣټûкõҽûȻ
ǼηѧҲʳ飬ǱȰסˣΪزŵѹеʱڴѧȴѧʳԣĶȥ⵱֣ͬһηѧǼֵףһҪŵǱͷŵ죬ڣЩˡ
ؿѿӵʱȴӵһûжԱȾͲ֪ԼЩڣһˣֻǲܺһվ¡
ʱؾȻЩڹ˼ҴԺһദʱ⣬ʹֿĵӣһʶʱ⣬䵭ĶԴûһһѺú׽ܾ׼ĵطһռķÿһ
һȻسǶٷһڿԺ˾ˡ
ٷѵõûһЩϵһˣֻɺءһһΡ
˽ʹأٷҪҪܵܽ
Լܵܵ˼α˭ֻβȷûͬ˼
ίؾܾξ֪Լܵǵ˼Ҳû£׼ûϵǻѡ
ϳɺҪ˵ƣһضûƣһϲƾ˸йٵãһʲôϯҲֻӰȣһ£һ׵ģ˶źȣçһơ֪κģΧĸ֪½٣ԺһͲˣºȾ¡
سôƶûȹʱһûϣСʱҲơ
մƵһ飬κ߶߶˵ЩʲôʱоЩ벻ȥ
˾Ҳǣֻǻ켣ϲȦӵľˣʲô쵰Ȧ㲻һ˵һȥҲʵ档
СڲϵС㣬˺Ⱦһͷɤžͱ˵ǰᣬ˭ܱ֤ǽûأ
ؿˣæģЩΣŲƨɣһԱߣǰĲȻζ³ԳԲ˯˯ãص˼ȻڳԷϡ
ˣظһ˿⣬һ⣬ػڹ˼ҵʱֵġ
һͷѽˣǼ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ¶档
Цۣо̵ģָ˿⡣
һʶʱеôˣʱЩΣѳɽˣԼԡ
طӦƺЩ߳ŭƲԲԣҳԡ
˵ţȥѲ˼лҵļҽ̻ϣԷʱһļרŵѾ߸вˣ˶ԼԼģ˼вˣСӣһûġοԲ˵մſˮ쵽ܹЩ̫ò
عſˣȻǰյͬʱ룬һûòɣ
˭ϣһҲ˿Ц˵úúãԵ㣬ķ˿϶ûɶˮȣ㿴㣬ˡ
ۿԾغˣȷʵԵòãôһȻǰӶ౻˹ƣԺû̹ġ뿪˼ң˵ԵòǰݳޣԼеǮˣܰٷ
ҲǵɫͲһЩ˶棬ķҪôǸһηô˳ԣҪôȷ
Լһ˵ʱ򲻾ü࣬ˣɵ˹㣬һ¾ͱˡ
жݣۿ죬ȴЦ˵ˣ˲ԵƯЩ
һɴۣһͬӣ˭˵ݾһƯݵ磬㶼סӣ˲ϣֻϣ㽡
ȷʵǰµѹ粨еѧͱҹ˱ӵУӹ̫ܶܲ졣
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һô˵κҲŤͷɳȷʵҿһǵġŮкöͶ壬˵һ·ϳţ˵ǰѾзϳŵߣϰȴ٣кܶ౻ȹСֱŮҪǷŴСǺŮƯƯı׼
һŶȣ˫ֻأ̣һ죬ʶ˳ⶼܲζ춯һ䣬˫ֻأҪ˵ûһöƯȥӭǸƯѲɻΪôͷˣûҪƯҪƯ
ǰӿ˵ɫˣľƤ⣬û˱ƯζʲôζƷһȽϣζҪÿ쾫Ĵ磬Ӷһͷϲ
οƯɲʲô£ԸƯǸ˹֣Ҳˡ಻ãҲڱҤȥԸȥ˼ҵѾҲá
תһ룬ѾƤǮƤ⣬еưǮࡣ
Щư棬Ṇ̀ͣװҲͨˣÿʮǮͨˣҲѣһѶ͡
ôְҵؾҹѣ֪Щ·Ѿεĳ·ˣΨһĲͬˣãнӴ֪ʶĻᡣ
ϵ߶ȹųЦЦſޣô꣬ʲô˭Ҳ֪˭Ҳܲµ
˵꣬һĨᣬ͸ûһָԼɵϾƣôҸжˣ⸱ûٺñ˸һǮǻôޣ͸˽ġ
ظҡͷһɨգһЦ
ĿƵؿһʣƺúΪʲôô
һһƵζЩԽܣһҲûھ̸⣬ƻûΰȡ
úȣֿһһζе𡢴㡣
룬ҿɵó
μСģľСۣɴصһСƹƻҪ棬Լһڡ
һ
̲סһûӴĶ档


112 
һȰرȣתһ룬˼ԼľĶϲϾܲ˸˭Ҳǿȸı䡣
θصľƶߣؽӹȥֻžƱ촽ڱһ촽ζͷȥ
һŶԷС̽ӣǲԾظ治һ£һưԼκˣصǽ
ǿһЦüһҲһ
һŤͷҲ
㲻ͷǶʼ磬Ҳ˵ʲôһȣӹȥ˾ǡ
һûپܾѱӷߡ
һߵѾһһںȥ뱭ˣӳ˵֮Ĵ㣬´½һͣ
μϲϽָϣһҡͷüһǡ
ѵþһ𣬺ȵûɶһţʱܰʣͻȥ
ȵٷ˵һ˿ԸκɶͻȥסƫƧǰŵģܱ֤Ϸ֡Ϸؽѱû˻ȥһ·̫̫
һ͸ػȥУϾﻹиϸ׵š
ߣӺߵģΪ˲õ˿
һϰҪһƵҩȸغһ㣬ߡ
Ϊغ˲پƣûˣǵһη־Ƶζһʱ֮ûסͶЩºѾһʱҲκģͷؽᣬоԼˣȴġ
һۿطվûӸƷǰһַֻסصֱۣһֻסصԼƫԼסΡ
ͬΪվȣһصͷһļϣһûȾƣеģشӺ뿪
ݵĺûʲôˣϵİڲ˵
һ§صַصֱۣأ
صֻʴӵ࣬Щִ٣ӲҪװһӡ
ش˿Ҫ˵ѣ־ͷؽᣬԽ޻Ҫ˵ԺʮԼʲô
ﻹůߵ˴ҳ˲ŷҹж
һô§أ˶·طԼٵģΪһˡ
ĬĬ̾˿Ϊ͵ܣ磬·Ҳ㡣
Լˣллƿһһ㡣
һҲûʣջ֣Ȼ˻ЩΣںһЩȵһԵڵء
һ뿪Լ壬ؾ͸еһʧ䡣
һѧߣһ߿·ûлưͣĬ֮ӣ˭Ҳû˵
ֻ·һЩֱߵյ̻ʱͻȻ˹ϡ
˼Ǵ㣬̶գʽһϣܶⶼûС⻹У˼ָ֮ңһվͱضƲǷծСҲòǮ
·еĻӣؾ뵽һ֮Ψһϵϡ
ػǵãǰ˼ҵ˵ռǧϲûüɷ򣬺һμһΪӦûԼϾԼռӵλãҿ϶Ҳ˵˹ϡ
ʱռ棬ֻһ棬Ͱһ˿ӣ˫ӣؾʶҲһ˲Ĵˡ
ȴã꣬ǻһʶĸоͺ񣬴ǰǾѾʶˡ
˼Ѿˣ˼Ҹӽ˼Σϲе壬˺Ĺ󣬺˵ѪǮһҹ·ǰҪһĭ
սȼ˱ʲôʱյϲأ
ս֮Уȫƶʮֻңڴ̣ռֻ᲻Ϊһ˼أ
˭Ҳ֪֪ռһ᲻Ϊһ˼ңֻӿһҹԼһ̫٣ֻһһദʱ⣬ġ
̣ʱ֣ҪʱԼͬһӳ˼ҴŵһһΣҪûһ£Ҫߵһ
˼ҵˡؿ˹˼ҡ
һͷţǲܶɽˣڻǷźܶǮɢǰ˼ҽõҲϾ˹ϵ
صͷҲǻã̰ĲôǮˣЩΥĲ
ôˣʡ
һʼ磺Ⱳǳˡ
ǰǣⱲӶɵִ㻻ִִҲɣ˽ųɵĹϡ
ع۲һı飬ʣûȥ̽
һһ㶣̽ȥҫ𣿡
򴽣ǰϲ𣿡
һЦֱҡͷǰǶǰˣʮʱɣʱС£ЩлŮĻƫˣΪ˧˾˼͵İˡ
أİʲôز֪ԼĶĺ֪𰸡
ڣһͣסˣ˵ϵͳͲʲô͵İˣҪˡ
˶˵ζʲôһЩˣҲ˵֮Ҳˣ԰鲻Ȥ
ʱݾҲеĻ㵽ϣˡһһһ罻ϵˡ
һﲻɵøֳķģԺСС˵ģķϲԲŻᵥô꣬һֱڵ
ķγǻصϣΪԼֵҵҲΪ׷Ѱ
ǷķûĳȥţķγǵļΪķĸĸ͸СС
ķо仰һǷ֪Ů˺Ůమĸ飬ǷԸһĸ飬ǷԸһ
Ƿһڵǲ֪ŵݣԼи²⣬ķкѡ˲һĸ飬ư顣
һķף𽥱Ϊء
ǰأĿƵһڴֺһĻش
һ˵΢ѿغܵλóغܽţʳ⣬˵ǷǳҪġ
һЯ˼ģ֪ķصͬһˣ֪ͬһ꣬ӵвͬļ䣬Ծɻͬһһνĸ顣
Ӧʲôģ
͹𣿱˴ΪԷһۣͿʼռǰθԼˣԴöԷϲ
һ͹ϵİֻ̬ȣãķ¶ĵεΣֻȳʱ˵ڣֻûеȵǸʱ
İʲôнʶһˣ˴˰ǵȴ˭ľ꣬ػϲһģҡβҲǿȡᣬһ㿿ȥ˽ԷȥͶԷվһ
ҵ𣿡һţ԰Ķ壬壬ǾһĹ۲඼˽˭
ûͣҲ˻ޱȥһˡһҡͷڡA͡BĻش֮ѡˡC
Щżſڱǣ˵أ
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صĴ󵨲Ǳڴе³çϣһǰѡϡ
㡭һЩɣˡ
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ؽҪתֹԼ޳ӱһʱһ˵
һᣬҹ紵˶ҲʲôǰǸ㣬һһԡ
Լԭ޹İһ˲ֹͣˣͣˣһƺţ˵ģ㲻ںŮˣ
һɻŮôˣŮ˲Ǹ𣿡
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һΪȻ˲ܣһϵͳʲô¡
˲ǶԵģġϰΪҲȷģڵ۾ѩģҲ޴ġ
ذסԼָ࣬ˣر죺ǡһ𣿡
⻰֣룬һ뵽⻰һ˵ģֺͦġ
һͷ΢ЦãѧУ
ؼһɫ糣ƽĸ׺ϡƽЩţ̽ʣʲôϵ
һɻؿղŸ׵ĲôӦʲôϵĪʧˣ
˰ˣ
˿Լ˾УûҼԿɺˣĿ
⻰Ǵţһѧѧ츳Ŭȱһɣкüñͷ
߰ɣǾͲˣɢŲѧУɡһЦ˵Ȼһֻ֣ϣƺڵʲô
һǵã±ﰮķʽܶ࣬Ҳڹϱֳľǣ֡
ظоԼˣ˻þһһֱڵִȥǻþҲ̴ơ
ҹ˴˷ůŽ߻ѧ


113 
һعϵ仯ѵˣ˵û̫仯Ҫ˵ʲôͬĻǾǴ˯ǰ뵽һʼվйɸȪļʡ
Ŀǰػûҵһﻹиţ˵Ĺϵֻܶѣһġ
ཻˮƽҲû˻˷ǡ
ϲӲûΪ˼ҵĵ̨̫仯ΣֹӰ˼ңڵĺܶж⵽˾޴ĳһʱ֮䣬С̵գڲҵĶɢ˸иҵռҲ⣬ϲӶرˣһһЩӾӪûⳡмסˡ
ϲһƬ֮УŶ쵽ɪ
ǲùⳡΣûס˼ҡ
һǶ˼ҸӱΪߵ飬ǹ˵ǶҪεģǹүϾʶ˲٣ѵ˼ȫļҲϵɣүеԼϣֻǲ֪飬׳¾͹˼ҹϵǳϱѺ࣬Ƿųˡ
ϳʱѾˡ
ջԻ͵Ĺ˼ңвҵϷʲûյûգ˼ҵļլԺҲˡ
үļ̫̫ҪôԼȥҪôѰ·ֻʣ´̫̫ǣ
ǲǴ̫̫Լ̫ѾӻˣҪѹǴϣ˵ʲôҲߣ
ûߣͲãϲıû٣ȫŹϣΪ޸ˣеĳʶͱ£粢ûжôʶ֣Ƚӻң˼ҿ*ǸŮˣƯҪƯõĹǱǴǰȥǧ
˼ǧҲ뵱ϵģǾ͵һ֮ûɣֺˣȾӭûɣ̸ߣ˵˻˵ıаɣ
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ôǾִˣߣûͲܳС磬ֻŴ̫̫ҲԼţҵطס֮ٿδ
ʱĹǲ˲˽ǮǮⷿӡ
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˼ҵŹڹҵӶù޷Ǿǹ֪ҿסˣ̱¶ԣѹΣʱм£ö̥᲻óǮȥҽԺ飬ȥ˸С飬ȻǸ̥ҹλ˺֢
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ռұϾϺ͹˼ûܶ˶֪˼ҹ**պһйأԹλռϣռ˿ǰҵĹϵϣֳǮƶ֮ˣҪû¾С
ϴӦúúõģתͷͰ¸ˡǰҹϵǲ˼ŮƽȥģȻԭǹ˼Υҷܡռһ䣬ǹ˼ܾʹһӣ㰲ġ
ǰһϵãȻҲһһһϴӦˣ˽ʵûɶ
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ذһ˵ķ羰˼ˣĳλͬѧʹѧѧèܣѧèˡǶδŻ·Զٴ󵨱ŵ£Ȼǣһߣͤӵ
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Ӵģ֮ǰߣǷŲ¹СӣҲûֹ㣬˼ѾûˣҪǷŲ£ְ˰Ҳһòã˼ھ˭͸˭ߵĵز϶ܾģְֻƭ˵ȳ˹ϵ˼ҵľɽ϶Ǹε飬һ
һپЩͷۣͷڹڣΪ˹ϣǻûϵ
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ˣǲΪ͸ҳʲô£ְֶˣռôǮôҵҲȥˣΪҲ֪㰵аЩɶæҶˣǳ£ҵģŮܺ𣡡
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һɫ䣬ʲôҪǲɽ¶ˮһġ


114 ս
һǾ̫ˣʵ֤бµģΪϣϲϿմһű˵ĺը֪öڵӿͶϲͬʱ˵оľ
ըģܶ˶˯У˷վҲе˾ֱӱը䣬ĽûըҲʯ
ϲֱ˸ֲǲֿҲ÷ֿˡ
ʱռңһû˯Ҳû˯ŮҪһҪ졣
ŮӰϣ˭Ҳû˯Ҫҹ˯һԷܣһҹ˯ѰܵĻᡣ
̶ֱĻŵķվͺըˣʲôϮ
Ͻȥ¥´绰ѯһҲõ绰ȥϵأѧѧûе绰ģϵء
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ͨ˵Ҳоʼϲкըҿⶰؽ磬סȫǴԹ󣬻ˣоֻըƽҽԺѧУȴҺը˵ؽסˣȻҵĿߺͲ
սѾյϲڱȻСѱ
Сʱĺը¶һƬʱȻҫ۵չȴ͸ϲһң޺Увľ
оͻϮϲأֵ󲿷ֱǿֵסĽоʱˣȴδԶ룬úеڶʲôʱǾͲ֪ˣ˭֪Լͷϵĵʲôʱ
һϵĵ绰ϵ˸ѣðִˣֻתϾŵһִִ϶ԭȵĲܶ࣬ƱȴֻΪִΪܴǳִڵеǮеȨ˶뷽跨㵽ִĴƱ
Լһţ˶ѣĲǮûжˡ
µ绰żشߴһʰȥۿڵǴ
ƱʱѾ͸ˣûùܼҵ˿¶ɳȥˣ˹ܼҺͻΰĵģߺ󣬾ͰԼڹڵĲҵˣȻ˲Ը⻤ǸŮǴ
һ߸ϵһҲΪ˻뷽跨ƴˡܼҺͻΰʵԼȥҲȥ˲û֤ȥҲǷǷ뾳ᱻΪ͵ɣ֪³ءңڹڣнţռҵĲҵҲû취˵þͻأôοԼġ
æȥʰһֵǮҪĶһõ˵绰ʹȨ绰ֱϵأֻϵɡ
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칫Ǳߵĵ绰û˽ӣɼĵ绰ˡ
ιλɵЩ꣬Ҳһû˯
ңһɣϵôˣ
Ҳżϻأε˵ҽһȥ
˵꣬˾͹Ҷ˵绰ǱҲûصϢһɫϰﴧһСľ֣ǵõġ
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һռң̳ѧȥʱֵûĽͨߣȫһһ˫߹ȥ
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һ·һЩصĽֵ·߻ʬ壬һЩ»ЩһĲӿ죬ֱһ·һûЪܵѧ
ѧصݻһδѧһֱǳ⣬ǵĴѧҲһֱһЩѧ˶ǰ档
һǰһƬǽ壬ٸֽűҪһɣ
һΪ޸ֵĲ֣޷⣬Ƕûк޸ֶԿʵһݽҲԼȫյģʱĺ㹻ûκһˣսǰԵǰ΢
һȫѪҺ·һһᵽ˵ı䣬ͬһλϸ綬ı䣬һִڵɢı䡣
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·һЩȱ첲ȵߣһĿбӵ߹ȥû̫ĸָ࣬Ϊĸ飬׽ˡˣŨصѪζŸָĳζ˾ʮֳأһҲ˲
һûҿ̫Ǳæ꣬пЪһҵ῿
صļŵһתҲǱĺըˣѾɾ֮⸱ܾǿ򶨵ӣһ̲ס졣
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ػûڣһͳҡͷʾȥƫƧط˵
һǰһ߳Ӫҵһֱ߹սǣﶼǰŻɾһ
һһû˯ĵץӳءֺγǵһϣԼİΣһͬѧѡ
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ŶԷԼҲͬȶ
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ﰮķʽкֱּ֣ܶӵģʺһ


115 Ʊ
ӵ˼ʮ룬ڵÿտ˵ʱ֡
صڲ֪ˤ˻ôţͷǱ
һҲûõȥһû˯һ·ܹˣ۾Ѫ˿ˡ
˶ӣԷǱһЦ
㡭˼ͬʱڣһ˵˵
һ̾˵ɣսǳ׵ȼϲˣƻӲҪϲˡ
ü֪ʱ򵫷ˣܾˣҪôȥսûյĵط½ǱȫĵطҪôͳ
һسĬ˵Ұ㵽ŴƱһһţҴǽϾŵʻ˰ضڴ̣˰ǸңûսĹңĿǰȫĵط
һû˵ǣܻþһ㣬ǸҼǹҷսʤһ졣
ǣһֻһŴƱһҲ˵ԼŮжã˵أҲһԸĴƱԼ͵
һţɴԼĴƱء
ؽһһۣ֪ʲôʱɫҰףҲǳࣺ֪ʲôĴƱҲҪˣҲŵǴ
ңֻ˵ڣõһͷ֪룬ôٸ㵽һŴƱ
Ҫл뿪صȻҲߣ˭أο⻹ֻܴ˽⵽Ķһж˵
ͨһһűĴƱοҲû·򵽡
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ڹڻѶȸߣǵöս𣬿ⳡоսһ·ȫ£ϵغ½΢һģƾ½ĵˣˣЩҲ˺ը
һ룬ҪµĻǾֻ½ܣнϸ½ܡǣŮˣʵûаı£ǮƱֻС£˵ƺͶ񶼷ǳԣеӯҲ˻°޶
ôһһıĴ㣬һϣҪһ뿪
ؿһ˼ôãɿǣһ֣΢Ц߰ɣȥɣҿһ˰ʲôġ
һü߲ˣҲߡ
ҡͷҪϣ뿪ϣúûţҪһԷδɵԸ𣿡
һȻ˵֮⣬Ҳںں
ȷʵһںԣһ˲£࣬ûп־壬ֻʹ࣬źңԶĺ⻹ؿδأķһ㣬ʧȥ硢ֵĻᡣ
Щգһô˵ȻǸжͿĵģû뵽ԼһôҪͬʱ־Щգһ㲻ںԸ
УǶûҧܳȥǶû
˶Ŀܿɹģطݵ룬ڹôأܻúúõģͲţټĹңһŬһܽ߸ϳȥ
ĿǰѧըǽѧͼݣѧᶼܴҪôѾը٣ҪôΣ¥Ҳ֪ʲôʱֻڶκըسӪѾûطȥˡ
һ·ĬŻصӪһغԼռңռҵ󷿺ôؽоĿǰӦûеΪǵطһըˡ
ҲУôиطЪţЩͬѧļҳˣĸĸǲģһȥȫĵطס
˶û뵽ǣһʱ˳ȴزȥˡ
ԭǴҶ֣оȻըϲûкըռڵƬؽ磬סŵȫȨˣоҺըǱߣӿƬ򣬵ΪάȶѾ˼ڣ
ԭסŵ˺ºըȻܣһ֮٣ڣһֻȥڵĽֵѾԼҲȥ
Ҳû׵֤˼Ҳʶ㣬ô˵Լסûá
һû˵ʲôȼˣһҪǻزȥòƱһô죡
غ˾˵һռǧ𣬼Сʱǰ˶ѣ˼Ҿס棬Ϊʲôý
ͣ˼Ҷ˭Ҳý
˶࣬ڶţЩ룬²ýֻҪоΪ˱ըӦҲͶŻէ㰲ȫ
ʿһֻӬܷŽȥΪֻҪһӣھͻӵʱ򲻿ľɱһ£ǺѿסġϾǰѾںʲôʲôˡ
û취ȥҲһֱʿѾȺˣһˣԿʿȥһռң϶һ
һ뿪˵أתͷӪºˣؽǱһһԼҲ޼ҿɹˣûضȥֻֻӪȥ
˻صӪȴˣ߻УԼһЩ˽¼һЩ䡣
ЩΪѧģѧеѧǱˣȻԻؼңһ˼أһʱҲûȥ
οɵҲأػ˿
һҲ˿ȨƣУҲڣٴܰؼȥиŵء
һ˵ؽطüͷﲻǺ˵ĵطȥ˽ܵĽ顣
ɻгŴȥ˵˳ݡ˳Ҳãֻܹ¥ڵؽ緱̫ӵĵشԱ߼ը٣ã
˰ϰЩˣôû˯Ҳûϵˣ׼÷˸ͽ
УһһΪ˰ӪѧѧѧУѧܲܡ
ΪģѾǳһȥܣҲѾѣ֮ǰиŲµˣǾء
عôãض˵һµãҲһսѣɵһθܵʦˡ
ټϣҲ֪˲أԼѱأҲԸⶪزܡ
Լ㵽ŴƱãһŸء
ΪռҵȨˣֻܸ㵽ţɾȻܸ㵽ţ
һζɳ⣬һһۣﶼЦ⡣
ºˣһһˣ˭ڹڵˡ
ŴƱס
ŴƱģֻΪͨ˿ݵǴ˴˰´͸߸ģռȨˣڹ⻹кܶҵԺȡ
ŴƱԼݺͲŸɻģⲻŴƱŹǩ֮˴˰һ´ɵģǻΪиפʹݵĹԼǱƸȥģغԭԵԼǴʹڲԱغС˽ƸڴʹڣǱߣһжδ֪
زںδԼ⽻ĵ·ֻйԱҲϧᡣٲãȵǱߣһϵϣҲһ뵽ȥķӡ
ҶǸϢؼûԥѡͬ⣬һҲΪеˡ
ҿУʱʼУȥУҡҡͷҪڹڡҪҲѣܳˣôѧô죬ѧô죿
οɺسģȫΪȥģУû͹Ҳ
˳Ϊ˹ڹΪѧֻһΪ˻ڹҲԸ
һ˿ûƾʲôΪԼȥһȥʲôġ
ʶһЩˣȥؽصʿ㣬ǷһȥһؼõƱһǴһҲһǴһȥ⣬ҲиӦ


116 ִ
ܴĴҪǵʱ䲻ˣѾʱ֣һؼ˺ķ˲ʱ䣬һ۱㣬ǾŵĸСʱһؽأôƱˡ
رһһȥɻǽԼһΪɵĴƱƱ˵ģ˭ƱܵǴøɣԼɵ˾Ҳ⽻һ
زǼ򵥵ĳ˿ͣɵİҪԼΪ⽻ԱΡ
ڣҲһزȥؽ磬˵˳ϰĵ绰ʶѴ˸绰Ǳ˵һУȥС
ɵİһһҲܻؼҡ
ɵڵ˳ݷֵУһҪڹڼԼĸλɵˣҪںΪ⽻̸зܶ
ôã˿̾Ҫ룬ǰ*ҹһƣ
УߣȻҪڹڣЩ˾ͻʱʱ̿Σգɺ;ɵĶѾҪģΪһɣ϶ᱻоϣͿвҪġ
ɺ˺һ뿪¥ʱ˳ϰ廹ǡ
ɺ͵˳ϰҲʶˣ˳ϰĳҲ˳棬ȼ޸װ˺üӣ飬˾ɰģ˳ϰ忿ŷ⳥ǽԼݣҲеԸ
֪˸־˳ҪĻܻ֮һ˵Ҫ˳ϰΪս͸ԼһҲԸȥֹʵҼֵ
ɺһµʱУ䶼һ˵һڹЩ꣬˵йͶ˹ӪܵзһЩϸȵȣпڹǹҵʱץͨԲ˵ʵ顣
ЩϸڵĶһҲûȷеϢֻܴԭƴճһЩµ¼ȻƲʽɵˣϣܸѣսתƣֹպı緢
һĻɵ˵Ǻ˵ģΪΣУһж֮׼ǵйսıսӵϲʱ䣬Ŀ࣬ҲȷʵؾͿʼ׼ˡ
˼ҵڱտδôôȻһ˸˵ǣŷڹ˼ǰ˵δˣ֪ϲը֮󣬻ᷢЩ£Ȱ˼˸Ͻ·˼˷
ⳡըУ˼˵ˣǶ㵽ӪڰΣƲĹ˼ңѾԭȹ˼ҴԺˣάƶѣֻܽӪѰӻ
Ȼųˣ̵Ĺ˼ҲҵûˣҲû˴չȭŵĻᣬշųûãϲըѡ
û뵽ԭİǱޱ߷ӣ˺޼
ҲûΪ³ܣǰŹϹݳ޵Ǯֻ֮зºһһ˳Զ춼ＸҪô˭Ǯ˭Щû˽Ǯ֧֣ȫ˸ȥ֮ìܾԽԽ
ֹһεҹС˵ģΪû÷󳳣Ϊʹ̫̫£˳ϼ˻֡
ļұƣοڣҪʹֱ¥˾ͻ޸֣͵ʧܺˣǮʺѳԣ⹷ʺһ˭˭԰ɡ
ڹÿһ죬ϵͳ磬˵Ҫְ
ϵͳǱֻ˵ٵȵȣں޸¡
ڣڽ죬ϵͳǱ߻ظǿг룬ǰɱ
޸ʹܣҲѭСĹΪСȻС磬Ƕ޸磬ֻ޸ڼΪ磬еǧ綼˸С֣ԴͻԼĸ߹
޷ġ
ΪˣֹһεѰÿζǵ˹ؼʱִùġ
Ҳ˹˼ңչ裬Ϊ׵ԼĺҲˣڹһҲȥ˼ңôΪ
ʱ򣬹˼һ쳳ܣ˽ҵ˵а취㵽ĴƱԸԸ뿪
̾ʹӦˣ˭أ˻¡
ϵͳȻû뵽Ѿ߳෬棬ԵŹǣԲù滻
Ϊʲôʱϵͳֻһ䡪ŮӦҪһգܺܶ˻ӭֻѡһˡ
һЩС˵ӰƷǣٺãҲֻΪԴסŮԵúܻӭĹߡͺ˵㿴ҴһһѡʺҶᶨΰСӣ͵ְɣϧҡ
Ҫûˣ˵һգ
ϵͳȰ棬͹һ뿪
汼һ죬ǰʶЩЩæ·һ
Ĺ˼ҳӣ֮ӣԹĿ࣬û취ȥ
ϲһǰһж䵭뵽Ҫһһҵжʹࡣ
ֻϧؽضȥʿ˼Ҳ˶ﱻϳеľ㱻ڸΧŹϹҲʣҲȫˡ
صҺ󣬹ϻǾһ˶㵽Ӫȥȴ͹Ѿˣʱ㶮ˣţΪܵ˽ˡ
ʧȥǣҲˣ̾ȥҹԼ**Ҫ˵
ǹδŴ̫̫ȥӪӴ˺˱֪˼ֻĸŮˡ
˼ҵķֱһڻظϡ
ɴкʿηؽˣǱߵС·Ȼ±ڿ£Ȩκʱڶ֮͵ĶһһθܵΪ˺˺˵Ľ׼ࡣ
صռңѾҷˣڼһҲϽŮϴƱ
ֱûʲôưŮŸԵĴƱۿڡ
һҪĴƱõ֣ҲţʹŮɢˣҲƾŴƱǴ
һƤ䣬һ·ۿڸϡ
ȵ˸ۿڵʱһһѾߵˣøϽǴ
ĴҲ֪Ǳ˭й¶ϢۿѾΧ£˳ɰǧڣҪƱϴ
´ƱѾûˣûǮҲǲȥ˭Ըһ˿ãϣһȥأһķַϴأһִˣ֮мȥأ
ֻҪܻȥ£ҲԸ⡣
ϴĸۿڴҲʿάûƱһɲý
֮УʲôĴȻǮŮҲֻƾԼ¼ȥ
Ϊˣ˻ܱ¶ԼƱ£Ȼпͱ˸ˡ
ΪֶֻһֻƤ䣬ûǣţοһԸҲǻͱǣߵԸ
ԼôǸθߴĴˣһǰ棬һһ󱳣Ůǰ
Ⱥкͺ¶ԼдƱֻܱҪȺǰ棬ʿóƱǾûˣʿľ֣ƽûҲᱻʿֹ
ǰҲǰУһͻȻǰиˣǳ⼷ˣȻһƨɸŴƱʿ裺ƱȽȥЩƱûмʲô
һ˲䣬ƱȻԱһֳֻ߰ߣˣƱˣƱͼ˽ȥ
ʿȥ˿ֻ©˰ţʿ֮ʣѾϴļװ塣
ʿƱϸˣȥ׷ǸƱˣԭ߰ƱˣϲȥΪ鵽ֻаš
ͽк˿ûӰһжĴܴܶҵϢֻǰ
ǣУҲһһƬУץס˺Ϥһ
ĸ۵˶࿫ǰɣ㲻㣡εƫϸڷŭΪԡ
һû뵽ҲžСֹƱأҸүĸƱ͵ˣ
ˣҪˣ
ˣˣ
ˣǱˣ

Щ̫ңһѭεȥҲһѿҪ̤¼λãһƬ̫ˣ˼߲ѹǻö˴
ǰûѾȥóһξ룬һҲûпڽΪԼŮŵء
죡ϰְ֣Ҽôһ죡
һɤӻ˾䣺ã
ըʱһһ뵽أΪں࣬ɵҲ뵽ԼѧѧΣͷβȴӲۣѣȴֻܸԱ
˵ǽŵİ÷α޸ĸƼغôһɹģɴͷҾȻûиûȥ
һһһ֣һӵһƤ䣬Ǳȥÿճ֣ץεֱۣ˴Ѿ޷Ⱥﳶ˳
ףȴһ൱ʱḶ́ڼζڼУ˵ֶ챻ˣһû֡ҪѾˣС£ҴȥУҪ˲̤ҪôѹϢҪôͲСˤѹǿҲ˵׼ʲô֢
˺ò׼ȥδŴҵѽ濩
һҲڴǸһġκӡ۲ˡ
θЦһģûа㸻ǧеӣ㿴㣬۳ɺˣǶлˣȻ棬졭
ϴ⼸ֻû˵ڣεЦݾͽסˡ
ִĺɫ䡣
һÿԼ㵽ˣΨһһϣִѾˡ
ҸʲôɫҰףŭĿԲҵƱǼٵģٵģĿ϶ģʲôҪң
һȴʮֵڶһƤεʱ򣬾Ѿµ˽
һЩĽԵøƽȾ;ˡ
ִһ˲䣬ĿҲ쳹ۿڣһμס˵˿ǽԣһץ˿ž޴ִʻԶ
ڸղţò׼ڴóԼƱͨȥˡ
ģְѾˣѰһӰȴʲôûҵˣһֱһ֣ԱߵʿһѣʲôУϽϴȻͱˡ
Һȥڽ˶Ѱһʲôû
ʿҲЩͷˣ߰㣬ָŮѾȥˡ
ɫҰףǵǴѾڴߴ٣ϾҪֹͣǴˣòȥҲҲʿ˵ŮϴϾôң˵Ůűݣʲôȥˡ
Ȼֱִڴ϶ûҵһ
ɺؼҵ
ڴҶڴϣҪˣҲأҵ˺⻹Ҫһûڹô̹࣬ݡ
Сأɿڵ
ʵرɻں죬Էǳ˵ϻֻס
ľ˫Ƥ䣬Ǳ˺ˣŸۿڣ˼Զ
ɫ䣬һԵء
һ룬漴Ŵ죬ŤͷۿڣִԵˣЩСһѰһӰ
֪ûɷڣؾȻҵ˿վŵһ
һҲأ֮䣬һ˿ǽһҴδһƬ


117 
ʹôԶغ񿴼ֺһڶ˵ء
ץ˵ָף۾ɵ÷죬ɵҲһѹ
ɱϾǾ˵ˣοҵûҴҲû£ȵ˹⣬취ϵУҲɵģ϶Ҳ취ϵڹڵˣʱȥģеڶҴ϶Ҳ취ŪƱ
ϵĴֻ룬οԼȶȻغǸӣҪ
ĨһϺˮˮӣ㱵˵ûƤﻹһЩֵǮڹڶ϶ûµġ
ȷʵ˿ǽڵһȻΪζһӣûôҪӣһЩƷƤǮƣһЩҪļ֤ϵȣȡ
ۼִԶȥʣµ˾Ҫô棬һκһȥȥУʻûгִܲƱ
̾аɣҪ˵Ǹ֣ʲôұϲȥȫļƱҲϣܻȥ˵˵㣬Ҳƴƴ󣬿϶ܸ㵽ģΪҴʧϴĻ᣿
һҡͷֻ˵ˣôˣҾƱҲüȥ
̬ͦãһϵͳˣûʲôպ;һʧϰˣҲûɴƹˤ
˾Ͳһˣûܵϴ˿޳һƬ֮У˳ˣֻŹ
һϤѭȥȻ˹˼ˡ
һֱֻţһֱֻţֵ˭Ҳ֣һԷһ߱
ԭ˵а취㵽Ʊ˽ˡҲ֪ɵ׵ˣôһҹ֮ÿס
Ǹ㵽ĴƱʵθ㵽Ĳ࣬ǻ߼۴ӻţǶļٴƱ˼һǼٵģľְ˸ߣȻͻС
ˣˣҪСˣ˵󱻳磬ĸʵģЩʹͿ־ʵġ
һʼ˼ɳں͸߰ڷԼ޷ģʱŷˡ
ʱҲˣҪ͵ܵ·Ҫˡ
˾Ĺ֣ڳö˶ͣ¿Թϣûһܡ
ǸɱĲУеģ𿴹ϱô꣬úܣûϼȭͱˡ
һ»ţһ뵽ԼڹôǰҪҷŴ̰ֹǹ˼Ҵ̣ٻ󣬶ұ󣬹ϵĴҲûǨͣνԵҲ˽Ըʱֲˡ
ס˼ŹĹǣС˵ˣˣǸϽߣûõоҪըˣδкüεϮ
һϣԾߵ˽һö࣬ҲԣԭľҲǺԽģ֪һЩ¼ռʱıˣûٰϱܿһЩֻŵһϲ
ΣеΪȫԱ⣬ֻҪϾС߻ԭĴԽߣ˵˶Ǻһͨͨˣϸ˵ϲһ׼ġ
ԸСС֣ǿģûϣỳΪʲô֪зŴ¡
˼ҵպ󣬹оɹסڹ˼ңȡϢĶԼңȻԼ򵱾־ٱǵϳȴû뿪˼ңչ裬ֻҲ˲١
£һ׼ߵ͹ǣͻȻһ뷨ֻһ첽ȥ
βԣȸȥ
վסһס
ؿһ
ǲȫɵڰΣǰͷԾˣһЩ£ڴѹ磬ͬʱҲ̹˼ҲҵعζҲûһˡ
ҲҺͼἰһ£Ϊֶκⶼù⣬ҪǱ֪˶ԸˣҪƤ
㣿ȵؿһ
ռ˿ɲ˼ǱռӦ͵Ǵ˲ŶԣôռΨһǧȻúõվ
ʵеԾģΪмûôⵢʱ䣬һѹҪһڴǿǴ͸㵽ƱģȫûеõϢʱ͵ǴһֱռҵһŵѵǴʱ䣬ֻܺͨһ𼷽
ǸΨͼļ̣ΨһŮǺܿصģȻҲ㵢ǲϴ
ԣһʵûӦ֪ԼҪȺӦһͲϴˡ
һͷûңûϵȥǣ֪ҲûضȥзݹС̸һ̸֪СǷпգ
ΪߺͽִܹһʼʱǰģΪԼ˼۽綼ȵ˿Ϳ˼꣬𽥱Ӱ졢ͬҲòϣһЩΪĶûá
һ˵й̸ڹ˼ҵպ󣬲ûȥҹɽأ
ɵؿһʲô̸ģ
һЦҶСġδܸȤ
һǡ͵ɡϵͳյľ൱ޣʱľ¼֪֮٣Ͳһˣһ鱨⣬ȴòϣһеϧ
ɫӵؿһԭĶŮ䣬ǰڵķbossεݺŮԽһΣŮû£ûмʣûдƾҲûпѣܿɼǸˡ
ϵͳһʼأŮǲǱˣ
ڵȴãƾʲôΪռΨһǧ𣬻ᱻǸթһɵԣԹأìܵضһزʶŮ˺ʣֶκݶĻĻĶŮ䣬ѵж
ãԼƽƽߣжרԵˣĴ壬һĻŮῴ
˿̳侲һʱͻȻֱվǰһһǧеӣʶ㡢̩ɽ
δһ˵˵ĴʣϴûŹеδһȴ£֣֦
򴽣ȷʵҲûɵѰ·ĵز
ѾĹ˼ңǹϻǹǣǶֻõõ֮أ
ЩԼڹ˼ܵһҧӦˣãҸߣñ֤ҵȫ
һ΢ЦͷȻ
ᵽĹϺͱ˦ֵĹǣֵһµؿһͬʱŭƾʲô
һɨһۣƾãɥ֮Ȯҿɲա
˼ֵʵһʲôʸһصȴǣΪʲôߵһ˿ԼĿ壬ҪˣҪ߸ѡǸˡ


118 ȥ
ζһˣ˼ֵϻȥӪãȥԼȥˡ
˼ֵ֮ϵһǹүͬһһõˡڵûˣҲˣȻǷֵ
ң˻Ǻþۺɢ֣˵˺Ƥ˴˳ޣֵߵһҲ겻ֹ
ЩһķΧڣֻںôЭɵÿе׼
ò˵ļֵ֪ܶ飬ܾȺܶ˵
ȻһǲֱӶɵ˵֪δֻδܷЩ¼жϸھͶϸڣһԼϹƣԼĲ²ɵȻֱ˵Ԥ֪δҲ̫ˡ
һ治ɫغϵͳ档
Զԭֱ̹Ԥ֪δӰ죡
ϵͳҲ¶˹һȥҲûи˵̫ࡣ
һ֪йǣǸûʲô־ˣǣһҲȥӪȥϲũ壬ȥЩС·ӻĵ޴ڣЩеǴӱģڼϷѵˣҶ֪ȥĶ
սʳӶʳҲټ˿ʱ˿ܡ
һԸĸӶʳΪһͷ˴һжƣ˵ĻĶ
ۿصѪͲܹ֫Ľ磬ҲŹһЩսʱĲ״⻹ֻսʱ޿ɱĶһ뵽֪ԭܷһЩըɱǲҾ御
ȥ˺üجΡ޴־е㱾ܵûϵͳľ棬һ֪һУǣ֪Լ֤Լļֵôͻᱻһ³ͻЩһƯǸŮˣﻹֲܷ¡
˼ֵܾᣬסֻܿԼ
͵ϵͳ䵽ıߣȫһһֱӼסȻһʱߺϸڣЩҪ¼ս۵ȵȶһ뷽跨֪ɡ
ɾ򵱾ѰҪսֿо
ʱɵӶ֪ľָӲҪġ
ڱǿľǵ֣£ɣ˵һԶԶҪŽһпŽֵоԡǰ˶ǲսͬ
УƽֻҪԸξģǶҪ
ÿ˶ԼҪæ£Ϊ棬ΪΪѰ
ҴԤгִδ֡Ϊоڷִӳ֮󣬵оͶϲۿڽ˺ըĽͨҪ˷
Ҳ˵ʡӣӵóȥ
ԣӣŽ濹С
һҵУɵ˵Ҳ˵Ƕ鱨вֲ˽һǶռǧƫˣҲѡ
ϾһֱжԵľɺ͵ֶѾˣռǧѾʲôˡ
ս룬ɵҲȥ籨ѣУסһ˽̸
¶ɫؿһС㣬ûܵϴ£źҲЦھãûеҴǷ̵Ļᡣ
һʲôֻ֪Ȼѳɶ֣Ҫ׷СܵرȫԼӲȥĻǾֻȸߣܱԼѰ
ƥ𡣡һҡͷûҴеڶҡҴҡ
У̾ʵҲ˵ĵڶ£Ŀǰо˸ֽͨڣǵҪȥҲֻܴһЩͻƿɱȥڶҳĴǵȲˡ
һĬˣԼЩ²⡣
ǣѡ˴ʧһԼľҲʲôкڣʵѾˣȥգֻ뾡취е£ﵽԼĿġ
У¸еΪһԼûʲôֻǰУϵһ¹صˡ
ϵϾУĹϵҲһ㣬ֻҪϵڵפʹݣͨȥƽ㹻ˡ
˵ҵķսʮ꣬*ʮԱ˵һ̫ˣһΪڹڵػ
һɵţռҵĲƲǰҲƤЩ󲿷ֶںըбˣǷزһģЩҲը١
ɺϵǣ˼ҵպǵĴԺһ˺ܵ͵ļǮˣסԺû뵽ںըУ˼Ժ˵ûбը٣ȻЩɨһסˣһסռҴԺȥ
ؽ󷿣ҲģģгĴ㣬ԸҲû뻨Ǯ򷿣Ǯȥ
Ƕںըûþͱջȥһؽ˼ҡ
ؽķӹӦһסʮˡΪ˭֪ؽôоɵ﷢ͶŻէ
һҲؽţв㣬Һɵ˽ͷҲ㡣Ĺ˼ҴԺǴŵĺȥҵضκãҾãɨһס
ûȥУǶҵܵɣû¡
꣬˴˶ۡԭҲ˲ἰΪʼǳըУصľѧУ;˱ʱˡ䣬ֻʣΪ
˼ٴƱһ뿪ģɲߣҪ׷ĶʦУڹڣҪΪսҵԼһ
Ҳ£Ƕ֪սܽ˭Ҳù
ҧҧԼҵУϣУŵʲôС
УΣҲںĺмΣ̾ڵ糾ŮҲΰ־򣬵ûʲôĻҲգУ˼ȥֻΪṩһֹǾǼ
±𿴸ֿУʵ˴˶ڷԷμȿԵɺ͵֮ļҲȥ̽о鱨
òãŮˣӣ½ģԸ磬˵˻˵̸ߣµıºݼ߳ƭˡ
ʮΣգһ¶ѣǵоϵˣĥͿֶζ˵
󣬵һͬμ룬ֻһˣһˣγ£ǹһˡ
μҪ룬ǲʲôģЩǿ̸ᷳɿһأ־ʶ֪ף˻ţʬһ㣬Ǿ͵Լ˼룬ûôԶͷʡ˼룬֪򵥵ĵǰҪҪ뱣Լѣֻ̤һǾѪ·
ûɡߵѧʶĸ̺ݼı£֪ԼܵԵ׵ʱ򣬻Լ¼Ĵһˡ


119 ʤ
ҶԼҪ£иʹһǶ鱨ɲᣬУ䡣
ʵǰ漸ΣУ˻ΪһǷ鱨һдĶ˭Ҳ˵һô㡱ġ
ȻһʲôԤ֪õӵҲװͿֻҪȥϸ˫Ϊ
ֻҪǵйħ֣»ҰֻҪǹҵĹҲͬ
˵һһ·һУڣ˭˵ĸطǾ԰ȫģֻ˵ṩһݹеؿȥйʺôܺڡ
˵ǺܹˣﻹЩҲһЩİ칫ɣȥؽѧҲ㲻ȥֻҪܳԿࡣ
ʵϣǲԿҲóԣΪѵͷ涼ܼѡ٣æؽѧȻصԽ⸱ԭϼҺãԭϼݿǹűӣԳϺϲһ£ôпȷԡ
һȥѧǱ£Լȴû£ã
ռҵĲҵ඼ǰʹˣϾҪΪ˳㣬Ӻܶǰı¡һϳһЩ⣬ûбľԴ
һʱҲȥһϲƵĴϣЩʴӡ
س⽻ҵˣȥѧæһֱæȥһû¿
һͻȻоһįһһۿ׵ļį
ǰĹ˼ҴԺһΡסţⱲӻôסӵĴԺأҵĴԺ˼˵СˡǰǸŹס˶ԺһҲסԺΣ˼ҵ̫̫СǶסʲôķӣԺס
ԺӶ࣬һֻαһռ˾УΪһصķ䡣
һԼסԭסķڹүݣûסôԺӾˣ˭Ҳûʸָֻš
һճȥصķţصķ󣬱ϰŸסǼ˲ôĺö𻵣ΰʶλ
һİЩŲԭλ̸˵صϡ
ʱѾ죬ĩ¼ûˣһŴϵ꣬һССÿûʱ򣬶ʲô
һ뵽ԼΪˣÿ춼вͺͻ⣬ʵϣõ˵壬ô⡣
һһÿճ˳ԷƵСһǰƵߺ鼮ûУôһһ꣬Ŵ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
һûأЩƣֻƬ̣;ϢǰôأǰΪ˽ӽأؽãһһ磬Ϊ˲ͬ
ڣݲһ˿ǰ˼˵˼һǰζص˵ÿ춼һɥ˹ϡ
һãرʢˣֻǱһԺűѹƵģҲǳ֮ӳȥˣûصȥֵѹˡ
߳ˮĲζһ̨ϵ̦ȴǰࡣҪǹ˼ҺһʱûסҲû˴ɨõǴͳשȻ᳤̦
ûסͻ᳤̦ң̫ûͻóٶۣ£һ룬ҵ
ȥѧ·ϣһ˦÷ɿ죬ȴ·һЩ֫ϱ۵ʿʱŲ
Ů˳ΪĴʲôŮˮˮȵȴʣŮ˺ʿմһΪ٣ΪûսŮҲûлӴԼ̸Ա
һֳ︡һӻһЩӰӻ棬ЩϾװŮǣǵĴʣһͻȻ뵽ˣʲôˡ
ֻһѡ·ºصˣʮ꣬һӼ档
УټһʱΪһֻ£û뵽һṩһҵİ취
һոũ񡢹˵ͬʱҲܿŮԣŮ˲þͱȲˣǰûᣬڹҶԴţսȼʱûˣҲһֱνŮܶ죬սҲܶߡ
˵齨ŮأɣУúΪǶɸŮĴһʼգУֻ֪غɣռ֮ˣҲǳɹ˵ռͶɵĹ˲δμӹκ˼˵ܶʵһͬ˼롢ɻǵ֣У͸εΪҲУ⡣
˵һʱҪ㵽ĴףУ֪ռʲôӣܺ˵ıԣ⣬Ҳڰһҳİ취һҪ齨ŮˣһʱɾͳȥˣȥһСĻսϣܻĶһá
Ψͼ˵ŮȻΰı־
УһԱ᲻ΰ־Ƕһľܵ𺳣һĸ׵ĴʱңӲĴ
ǣеǰǵҪŽһһ𿹵У߸ϳȥǣУͬλͬ£˸齨ļŮһԼ򲻽飬˵һξŮˡ
һҪŮҪѵ쵼ŮУʵŮеٲϣбв٣˵Ůˡ
ɳϵǣԸξϲŮ˻ܶ࣬Ϊܶ޴ȥӾ˺ôи·ǿܵԴҪԭҲһһҪ߸ϳȥ
ôξŮУ󲿷ֶͨ˼ҵŮٲǴ˼ҵŮУһӡ̵кü˵Ľ·ʹǰǸСŵܺߣŶûܸԭͱξˡ
һеʮɻصĽţҲ֪صĽ·жѣһŮǣȻܶһ˫ţȥ͵ƴս
һΪ˸е𺳣ڿЩŮȼյĻʱֺһ㣬ǿ֮Ϣԭ
ϲŮ齨ɹûѵʱ䣬Ϊɲ񵱾ŷǳԴЩ齨һǾҪѧľ֮󣬾Ҫս
һľ֣ԭڹľ֣Ҳһľַ
ÿǰ˹ϸ㵽һɵľӲľڿá
ŮֵһЩУҲŮѧ¼ȡʣϲĿǰûݵʡҲʼŮκһ׳꣬ǿ˵С
ⳡս鱨ʱ߸̣ҲΪһЩ鱨һЩصͿѡ˵Щ鱨Ըı͹ǹڵйʵǿƼҽѧݣǶڵйⲻǿЩ鱨ˬһתô򲻹ʱǴ򲻹ȴСսߣչλսĵ˵Ļ;
ǣʮս̺ü꣬˵Ѿʤˡ
漸꣬йУ˷֮ƣʮĿսʤ
ʱսصĵ籨ǣйǩͶʱظеϲеĴԭء


120 ƽ
һסһˣǶʤûʵУһ뻹սƻһյ˴عڵϢ˶¡
ȻսʤȴζսˣսܵսĴ⣬صĽ⣬Ŀǰɺĵ˭⡣
սڼ䣬ԶڹغҲյһż籨һڹڣѡս£ֵ֧ģȴǾܾģ˭֪ľֵۣսˣȱ첲ȶˣǳ£˭ԼںʱΣأ
ȫȨԣϧ޷һѡԶڹ⣬첻ôҹھңҲزȥ룬Ůڹڵʱһ͵ܳȥ˭Ҳû취
Ҳ֪ˣһ̫ˣֱսսˣڰȻš
һ죬Ǿغһڸۿڷĵڶʮ꣬һ˵ķɻڵĹҽ䡣
һǶ֪ƽжȻѡ˳ʱĹݣףһЩٺȨ뿪
ɻһСʱص˾ڻһСʱǰأһųڡ
ĹҵĻפʹݣЩȥݳˣʱػֻͨķ룬ת⽻һڵĴʹѾ˾Ļ
ʮʱ⣬ʹǴ˱˴ҵԻ͵ʱ̣˸Զӱ˴˵ְλ£ٵˣʱʶ֪మȴʱء
һص飬һڼĸἰҪͬףǸ֪֪ͨ
شдǷźסԺ
һȴûʲôо游Ůԭԭд˱˼ҺĽ֣ǷԭʲôԭĸǺúõˣԭΣǲҪƿǾͱ棬˭һѹûΪ˵߳ء
һûΪκõļڹڴ̣Ŷ㲻ˣпվЩ
һȥҽԺΣһʼԼŮ˼ŮУһдţֻܲصĹ⣬ȥһ硣
֮Ů˵Ĺϵ𽥽ʮʱ䣬㹻ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ŮиһؾͺãеŮҲҪˣܻŻС
˵ˣԼҲˣ̫һﶼʲôˣŮԺض̳ŲڹĲҵڶ࣬ǻ˸ﶦģЩˣݽٶˣ֪֪׵أ٣ߵһģΪϵĲƸϲŮġ
һȻҲΪһΣʹˣϰʮˣϣиͷУȽŲ㣬վۡ
ƽϯ⽻ϣŷᣬǩʲôЭ飬س죬ˣ˿̵ʻɫţһ˫͸ӽųڣ۽ǵµ緢ģʱҲЩƣ̬ǣʮһյڴһ⣬֮ˡ
ӻĳڴ˺ܶ࣬ӲһɫµŮˣ䣬½ɣһͷˬɾĶ̷ȴûаε
ֱǰؼеһһͷѧеĳŴڵһΪ˸սɱѼȥ˳µ°͵Ķ̷ԵٸҲ
˻ͨ꣬ڼȴܼһһ棬ֻ֣ÿÿϵ֣Ժḡһģ
أΪϯһЩҪĻ飬ڹǰ¶棬һܴЩعڵƬأǰĵβȫһһ˿ׯģˡϻشߴʣһڹǼ꣬˵ӵģܿĻأ俴µĺۼȴܿʱţļᶨ
ÿʱһɵĸоͬսѣ׽ˣȹҰˣͻȥ˰ء
һŵ̤Ƭİˡѵء
˼ҹ˾վǰ˳иż׶ӣһ곤ؼ꣬ʮͣҲ̫
¸Ǵ۽ǵƣһЦ沿ȴƽһζ̷ԵЩָµĳ
һЦȴȺۿŻۿ죬ྶͥһֻĸоعȴİ
֮ǰصԼͣһеӣ᲻ʧʧ˫ģڿһһ굽̤꣬ʵĸо֪ͬһʱ䳤˭Ҳûж˭
һǰỷסأ˴һ
صӵ֪˶꣬ϴ֪һûܵǴʱ𾪺ͺ£ÿȥɺһûгĴӿʼĺ£ȼһ˿ϣϣϨʵ˲֪֮жٸҹʧߡ
ȻҹջԹڵ飬ڴ˿̶ϲ
þòһʱ˵㡢Ƭϵ㣬ʵů
Һ㣬ء
ڶ˼ĻǱûеķתֻʣһ䡰Һ㡱ɾһ䣬ƫƫеأֱܵ׵İ⡣
Ҳ㡣ﻹˮѵʧ̬ȴûƿһ
ͻȻʲôæһĺ󱳣ѹˣ
һ˿ЩرŵİٺϻһſƬдףİ绨ţȴ䡣
صĺǰֱס
ȿȿȣ߽עҲעһԼϸס
һûʲôо˺ð죬۾ҲûӲˣʤǻͽ㻹˵ںöû
ÿиԽص㣬Ȼ㿴㣬ˣҪҸ֪ж಻סû˵ԽϣƢԽԽɡ
أһʡ
ػصѽһȥ¥ˣóԵв͹ݲ࣬׼ӷϴء
һͷţóԵĻҲζǼҡ
Ҫ¶ϲɫΣҲǶʮûԷˣ⣬һֱΪԵǱڵзӪϵ
ڰˣҲˣֻЩ㱩¶ʱ򣬱һ;Щ֢ˣùʱŹ
ʵαǲ³ģùҲͦãĸһǽս֮ĺƽҲжʱʱǰĳ˵᲻ᱻԣʱһһѾ˹ûտŮ޶ܵڿսˣû治֪ôȹǶʱ䡣
γôʶѣܻ֮иӦ
һĽ飬ӹǺ˾ͳͶǡ
غӵһȥɶľ¥һЩʶѣһ˶ϴ硣
һ˾ﰲӹռҵĲҵ٣ûãһֱȰȥһ
˸ʱ䣬һһصڣÿԺһ̷ȥ⡣
һͬڹ¶ԺĸĽŮӤһֻв꣬һѾ£ӡ
ǸһȡͬССͽСССǸظȡ褣֣ҲСС
ûкǰ㷱ӣһȫˣԷպʲôĸŮúҹ
һжˣһСԶķɻ


121 ˫
Ҳʱβ֪ԭһصĸ飬һ֮䲻ֻ飬а飬Ů˺Ů֮䣬а顣
ʱԼʱԹĴףɻԼѾȫ˵Ȧˣȴʱо֮һ㣬Ϊ˵һܵ䣬ȴ룬֮飬ǰ顣
˵ʹˣҲʱΪԴףͨһ㣬ǻĽ⿪Ϊ㣬Բ벻ȥΪĳ;֮иңΪ˴֮ĸ鲻һԴķʽҲһ
뵽ʮǰһΪ˾ԼʧĻᣬڿα֪Ͱ鲢εĹϵһĿУеĸ鶼ͬҪ
һʹҪҪҲһӣȴҡͷܾˣԼһӵľֻҸݵĵطϡ
Ӵ˴ҾͶ˹⣬ػûݵʱӹǲˣػ̽Ϊ˱ӣصݺ͹Ҵйأռߵù
ʮǰˣŰһס̫ܣ±˾ٱ
ͬӺҲסһ˲ǽãһûѪԵϵҲûзϵĽùϵһһһӣԸΪ˵ĹϵǻС
ǵıԹúܺãϾһռҵĺӣҲһӣүûְΪһæˣû¾ʹӣԴöõģ޵ĺʽ͵æڹŮķȫһ
ҲΪǰݣչ˺ӵʱЩûѪԵϵ褺Ͷغ׽ѧСС;չֳߵѧϰ츳ضûκѧϰϵҪԼȴϲѧϰĳɾ͸Уظеͷۣ褵ͬѧЩÿϿζûаСʱʱ䶼棬ѧУĽ̫ʼѧ꼶Ŀγ̡
һԱȣһҵǽһƤǰССȫˣڱ֮ǰ¶ԺԺѾѹһ⺢סƢ꣬ڹ¶Ժͱĺͻ
һڰ۲Ƣ꣬Ը¶Ҳֱӣֱֻ꣬ǿͬ鱻۸Ŷֵģ⺢ӺʤǿԺŮ޺ʤǿǺ£һȴһۿ
Щ꣬Ůһ簮һ簮ͲӣŰ
ҲȷʵΪү簮ǻ£ԲҲȥ׷ԼҪĶ
⺢ȷʵͷԲСü褣һŲͨ˶츳ˣ˶ͨȰռǮǮİãԾͷרЩջûʸõͣѾӵμ
ݵĵڶ꣬ҴǶһجġУС
Уʹˣʮ䣬ûż¾η
УɵҲûӹһ٣ֻǴЩ깩ѧһѧУλã˶ٷṦΰĹȥɳ˱˹ڦİѱ
һѹǴõ鱨ҲǵһȰ˵κһԭ򣬵УֵΪӦڹڣһ˵ЩڵйĸϮŵģһںƽЩ鱨ǲŵġ
ΣУɵĺѣǲ˵ĶʦεܵݵˣܵѾˣţôҲҪܵȥμУ׷ᣬȻܵȪ֪Ŀ
ǽͷݣҲУļᶨԼûˣܷ
ȺϧУ˵ܹУշָˣǣԼ˸ʱ䣬عһˣȥУ
ӽͱķչˣǰĺӣʮˣʲô¡
˵ķɻһأǾͶ̶̵ùϢһʱڻһ˵ʮǰûʲô仯ɵ˵ȴǴΪȱʧʮꡣ
ĿϲҲ¥˵ҲǴǰǸϢģ*˵ûСܣгĻǱǰࡣ
У˲࣬еǲҺմϹϵеԼҲˣһӹģ֮١
һһЩϤףڿսйµͬ飬һˣһֱڽκˣҲ¶ż̧ͷһá
һֻһۣϳ˶Է
żӣ˵Ĺװ·ʮȴʮ̫̫ѾǼ
ν߳īߺڣϲը֮һ£ɺ͵ֿУѧæʵǵ̡һУ£͹˻飬ȴûҹǣεĵܵ
ò˵Ů⻷ã˭ߵý˭Ͱ
ҲǵģϲأϵĵһǰޣϲϵĵڶǰޣҪ˵Ļ²ϲǹϣϲ͹йصˡ
ˣڿսʱҲǻѼˣεʱԣЧֻܷΡ
ϧ˵оİɱжУоʱΪ鱨˺üսۣ߳ŭ˰ɱʱҪһЩս䣬оͰڿս͸ո¶ͷǣλߵɡ
ʱİɱж޷Ԥϵģֻ֪һЩ¼ƶ仯¼ǲɿҲԤġͲ󣬶ԺܶûаգЧӦӰ޴
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Ӧ޸ֱϸһ˭ݿӴһʱ鲻ɴ˸УһҪŮôСͨͻرգһֻҪϵͳմߵ˶ᱻ߳С磬ֹӰ쵽С
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123 
ڶһ磬һλԽߵս޿ռ䣬Ȼ˲źýڱ޸ֵļලȥ
޸ֵļලҲƵģܼලĻޣ󲿷ֻܿһ¾򣬶񿴵һʱ̶ĳ档
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˵ǰ磬ΪԭŮûheĲƷҲ˾ǵͶߡҲһЩ˿Ȼʵġ
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һԴԽĵڶԸƷʣҳֻ̬ȡ


124 ϴ
һӵʣûпʣԽˣʵֲ٣һЩ뷨ԸҲλԽƣǰһЩˣκʣȥ˼ǲʱĬĬΪϣϵͳ̵꣬Ȼߣ׳ƴ
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˺֣ﺢȴȻΪǧһụԹޣΪһŮλãһ
ֹô룬ԽҲôģڴԽ߻һ룬·Ϊӡ֤Ļ
ܣ費ˣ
Թ裬ҲѪ˰ɣ
ȻǴСûǼң°ܻѳԣ
ô𣿱Ϲ֪֪˵Ҫһ㣬Ҫ㣬أǣ
һֽ죬˵ֻǳҿʵǲţԼȥء
һ˿飬漴ڳһҪģ˵öԣǻǲһ¼ذɡ
ҵⶼмصģӾǱҲУϾôǮװҲΪ˷ֹС͵ⷢ
üͷԼĹܼȥأصһȷʵи˹ײԭһ£˵ƣԾǹġ
Ҳֻ֤ԭƾʲô˵أ
һȻò֤ݣ찡óʲô֤ݣǶͣһûаԩ˵Σӹͷ˵Ŷ㰡ǶԲˡ
ˣԽҲˡ
ǣϵͳǧʲôǸأԽߺܲˣԼ磬ôҲŴУôһĻ̲ŮǸأ
һȴû˿Ĺϣ߳ĶûС
ϸϸشһûκη֡
һݼãǸ̬ȷǳϣһʱ̶αװĺۼ
̽˵֪˾ͺãôЩ꣬ȷʵ˲ٿ࣬ҲǨŭϣأᾡ㣬ҪʲôͿڸ˵ֻҪ㲻ȥĶҵһԱ
ְ˵ǣǰûܹʲôõĽһʱ벻ףӹŹػһˣʲôˣ˲ҵˣֻǲҵļˣദ˶ʮļˣҲӦҵļˡ
һͷȴǣһʵڲô˵ϺˣүȲϣסӣҵˣһҹı
һôҹɣҲû˵ЩǰЩ죬˼ԭԹ裬Ķͼĳ谮
һ˳¿Ƿ֪˵ʲôˣ˵ȥԵ̫Сˡ
˹治ټƽһղšԩԼѹĲҲڳһһõӣһ
˵ģôݳһãҵĻȲ衣


125 
Թ緹һַǳã˺⣬һеıݣ˺ضһ˿
ԽԽԽӣͼǧͺӣ̫ǧжαˣα˵ãֱڶ
ԽòУһ
һûҵÿһ˶ùϵҷֺõģϴҳʵҪӣ
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ҶصһΧɷ򡢶ŮģС˵þǧԼǧļʣΪҶغܰԼŮܼǧģϾڴ֮ǰһֱüǧŮ裬ǲġ
ҲΪ࣬Ȼ׶ǧøеˣĸŮģֻǳκۡ
ҶضϻŮڣԭ֮ģŮԣҶʼոϲǧҲԽԽԼŮ
һⰮΨһԡռôҲһֻһŮǿͬʱüӣֻҵĸֻԼһã޷ã飬Ǵ߹ӪĶ
һҪ˴ùϵȥҼǧԺ͡
վڼǧǰһţ϶˵ģһйٺ΢СĶ
裬ҡһ䷳š
ױ̨ǰƷǴ󣬵ڴ
Ƴ۷ţһ˿ͷǸ˸ƵģǰͦߵھȻϴˡ
ˣļһöԸˣҧ´룬ʲô취һϳȥ
һ뵽ԼܳŮBϲȦ£ǶĽʵĶ衱һȻɼǧˡ
˻϶Ϊĸֵܵĳ谮BеĵλһУŪԷҹߡ
һúܣһһƶţȥ˾ͻᷢĿ̱Ϊˣ費òţЦһ𣿡
һķ䣬ˣһʣҽȥ룬еĻܲԸ˵
ѹĲͷƤЦⲻЦ˵
ķܸɾװҲзƯģǶһ˵ЩڻˣԵ¡
ﴩԽ߿ʼ²ˣһӷװޡַǸôˡ
һɻ󣬴Խߵ費ǸŮô²ۼǧʱ򣬾ô
ʲô˵ɡܱ֤Լû͵ûмأһչԼĲмͲͷ
һҲգ˵֪ˮָʹģҲ֪ƻ㱾һǧ
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û˵꣬һ˵㣬ΪҪʣ㣬ҲܳŮλãⲻʲôöһңΪûǮңһǮ뿪ңҶϾϵʲôС
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һͷνĿǳЩҲˣ̸ԺֻҪǰһǮһʵʵõǮңҾ͹
ԽȷʵҲ뿪ңӼǧǶһǮ뿪ҪԷǳӲ˵ķʽ뿪ҡ
迴һɵӣʮָӣ֪ΪʲôĽҲܾãô׵һˣ񲻹ʹ죬ӦҪѹһ۸һȻ˶һʧ
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ϧ貢ûдӦһһԼòһʾ޿費һĻܾãǧ͵öС˵ģǧֱӶԷΪɱˣԼ֮ǰһһ½뿪ң϶Żء
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ԽЦ㾹ȻͼͼǧԺ̫ͣˡ
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ֱڵǱȽŵҵֱ衢Ϸ̸еֱ٣һִ磬ԿѧΪ׼ѧᱻΪš
Խ߸ôǾΪ㹻̣ѧܸߣߵֻҪʱۼܳΪһǿߡ
һλǿߣܻڹؼʱ̵ӣӵʱǡþͻö֮Ͱˡ
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ⲻ̲֪һһԽԼԭǧѵһţƹĿͨ͸û뵽һԽ߲֪ʲôš
һĹĿΪһ൱ûɨһ飬ԼסһЩھķֱﴴݿ⣬¼ȥˡ
Ϊһϵͳˣܶ෽涼һŰֽԽ߽ЩѧʱһܿգҲܿˡ
ΪʲôҪץΪʱδĺӣѧϰãΪ˼٣һŰֽӲϳ˵Ŀ֮š
ԽΪǰһЩɵۣһһ˿ѾתΪ𾪡
дԽλѧнѧһ̶µʱˡ
һóóռΪǾ٣ϧռһ治̫С
Խ߰˼⣬һԼôһ¡
νԽߺʱͨ۲˵жһԸûδǰ;ȵȣһȴͬۡ
Ϊһݿ̫ˣǰǰϵͳʱ򣬺ӴЩ磬˵ţմԽߵۣǳˣˡԸƣȻǣٳۣһǶò֤ѧϰ޷õʵ
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126 
ֱտʱûʲôԭҲǸйڴͣһΡ
һƵֱԭ·Ϊ˶ӦҪŮնױټֱƽ̨Դ˾ò񻰡
һ˷Լһʱ˵ΪⶫһȥܹڱԼһЩûʵһûаȫС
ϡ紩Խߵ磬ԵĴڤòҪǿĶڶϡת
һ˵ѣϸϹսɱ֪ٵˣһԽ̵߽һЩ书ʽǳ˳һҲȱִˡ
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ǰƽˣ
һػأţˣˣԺֻ
ǰƽ㿪Цأϸ㴩翴
Խ߿ֱüһûʲôӦɨ۾ͻ˾䣺
Ҳ֪ľ仰ԣһûʲôġʹ˶Է񾭣ֱ̾ƿڴ
ǰƽǰɣ軹װˣ***
һѽؿǼţ˵ʲôˣֱӾͱˡ
һûˣ˿ɲģһѣһƬֱһ˵Ⱥ˵Ǹʼװˣﲻ衣
ţһȺ˳ֱ䣬һһʹֱһȱ*ˢ
һûɶӦԽ߿üͷֱ壺̫ˣЩôе𣿡
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ʱӿ˵ûǲŷ֣Ǹֱ䡣
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ֱֻһЩзǰƵԱֱֱƣֻҪǮ׬ֱʲô̡
ЩΪŤˣۼѵĳ齱²ʲôѵĳ齱ײ
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Խǳ鶯ʲô齱ʹ˱
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ΪҪ˵ࡢࡢֵȵȣƵߵĳ齱ǰƽԥ˺þãһִϣŴƵߵͷ
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Խ߿챻ĻˣһʶԷҪʲôһ٣ǳеģѡ
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һ˵Ը꣬⻰ȷʵʱզզģҩͰһһը
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һˣڸҪ˯ʱ򣬱һͨ绰ˡ
ι绰ͷһŮܸɾҲܺҪܺԵĲͷͺˡ
һ̧ۿıעǳԭĸĶŮԭǰáһ˯ȫޣֱ壬صţڣʲô*𣿡
һ֪СӰܴԲҰķͶŽŮһǵķ类ԭӰ죬޸ֶǹڿأᷢķĲԾ
Ҳܸķ簲ŵ·˼ϣһСһҲķ硣
ǣһķѡһܾӰСֺйϵĽɫǧ𱻵ġϵġûѪԵϵҲôǳ
ǳһǳӣ绰
Խߺɻ󣬽Ӹ绰Ҫ


127 ǳ
ǳԸķǳ һķ죬ڶؼͲΣǳʵϲ
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һܷĵǳļ䣬ԭǳӡΪǳԭ꣬ԭУǳڶСѧԭУǳڶУһסУһ˶黹Ҫؼչ˵ܵܣԳ˺ٺͷڣϵʱ
ǳԸŹ֣ԭӣĹϵҲ䵭ǸƢ꣬˭ĻҲĲŮ
һԭǳļ䣬δΪǳԸеʧֻڷǳԸʱ绰Ϊʲô
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һΪ׽ˣҴΪصһθܵԴ׵ĴܣģСС飬ΡɵȵĲս
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һͲǻˣ˱Ҫ콻ʣ̫ķҲϲġ
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ллǰȷʵûԹһ˵
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128 
ҶغҽõһЩ̫̫Ҫ齫ʲô¶ȷŲ齫С
˾һרŸ̺磬Ҫȥҹ˾ϰģÿ඼һȥһҶأÿȥʹҪ˾һ裬鵱ŮǣŹҪ˾˾ŵ˾ҲģõԼ˾
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һһִʱδĸоǴӶչĻƽٵҲͻȻвɣ
磬һֹԼһ˿ķ磬أСС㡢ΡɣЩСʻˣһõ硣
ͣBĳߵС½ҲС֮ңѷɫһ˿ĸߵСǴƽ㣬һһֻҽųһƽʱסڱȻһӸиķ˳⹤Ķ磬˶סһ
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ʱһˣаĵԽ߽̹ѧúܵλдԽߴЭһŽɡ
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ʯ鱦ԽĶˣΪܶ෨ƿ˵Ǳ޿Ρ
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ĲظʮΣһͨ淢ʮΣΪ½ԶʮͧǧһңǾ顣
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Ҫô˵ߵ˲˽˴˵أ˶һµľȱ˵ģס̺һ㣬̾һϲ̨棬ҵ


132 
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һڶǮҲҪסң̣˵ûʸʲôҴͰȥԵûŮҰȥҲٻ
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ҶظϽȰŮʲôºú̸һһɻؿ㲻õңѾǸˣ͸ðȥסûϵ߲ͣ綼ȥˣΪʲôҲܣ
𣿡̲м˵һǿѧңһֱһǸСҺ϶ˡ
һụְ̂ҷ򸾵ıڿȡֵĺһһʹǮǻָûûǰۣ£Ǿ͸ˣ
ͨͥŮ뿪ҶҲˣҲ֪ʲô
ҪҲʮ꣬ϻңи໤˵ͷǸˣϻңҲǶ˲㸸ĸŮϵҪߣǻס𣿡һƽûԭܾί˵ĸоҲû紩Խ߶ԷƫĲˬ죬ֻ뿪ҡ
ӱ˵ºһŸֱȥˡ
ĺҷһ׬Ǯ
ҷɫ࣬¥ʣô˰ɣ
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Ҷط֣˵ٱˣҪеĶСʲôںˣȥסҲ̶˼ڲۣˣ
ˣҪߣҵٻҲţ϶˵ǵͷȥأΪԼʲôСˡ
죡ҶصһοԼСЩ̲ס˾䡣
æ¶ı飺ǲǽˣʱ赣Ϊ䣬ҸչˣǲýԴˣҺͽ˵˵ɣҵŮҪҲҰȥ
һ⻹˵ãһϽᣬҪǲᣬ˵ܹݣ뿪вء
ҶҲȥԼ˶ʮĹŮûѪԵҲദôĸڡ
һ˶ûȥȰֻҶҹշת˯ţֱ⣬֪ôѡ
ʵϣȥȰһҲΪͲΪԴסίȥֻΪԼһŰȥ
һԿֱÿһԶ׼ҳǰƽ˵Σջⶼǽˣټһֱ佥
˴οò½ԶˢֱͧѾӿĽĹڣһпһϤid
Ϊһǧͳͧһңӭֱ䡣
౾Ҳֱ䣬ڵĻ﷢ллл㣬ϴһؼҺͰ̸ȡ⣬Ȼǻǲ⣬˵֮Ҳˣǲǰ
С㣬أֱĵ⡣
ֵЩҧ˵ȥˣҲƵ绰ԷȷʵеģҾ˷֣߳ŭ˵Ҫϵعҵȡ򣬻ҰѾ֪ˣѾˡ
ٴ˴ңһ꣬һνྐྵȻһֽͧһǧ顣
һҵ⼸˶ԱŵЩڶǾ籾һýͣͲȫǿԵԷѺùֱڣÿԣ׶һǧ룬ٺƽֳ̨ɣн٣ҲǷݲĹˡ
вһʵԣɷϣЩǣÿֱأҲҪٺˡ
еĵһǸͨϰ壬IDССŽ˯𡱣˵Լϸо˯ô˯Խ˯ԽۣҪǲ˯ϰֵô˯ϰȥҽ˵ûʲô⣬ѹ̫
˵ԼûʲôѹϰȻ̣ͬǶʴҲУϵãĸûʲô£Ķѹ
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Сŷ´ǺͱˣǮǻš
ŰԪĻȥһ飬һֵҩˮķģ˲ô¡
ʩķǮ˭ҪǮ˭͵úǮ˽顣
СˣҲ飡
һ˵ͨĻ飬ǮǮڼǰȥഺĸĶôȥûź򣬾ٿǮ顣
ǮǷŻǻˣ鶼㶩ˣǮȥˣͻѭζ㣬ЩŻо˯ô˯ۣΪʳʱһ˯ʱͻԽԽֱһ˯𣬳֮Ļᱻߣˡ
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вˣҪȥҸ˵Ů䰡
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һҲָŷǮ̹Ӧÿֻû鵽Щ벻Ҫ򡣷ܹһӣֻʱаܻ֢ûܳ鵽ֱԺ̨˽ңҿпյʱء
˵ţһϼʮԻķÿŶˣһž͵һǧ飬Ҳеû¾һţһļֻۣҪĲŻǮȥġ
Щô룬һôǫ̂յСŵ˽ŵַԤԼ˵ڶļļͿʼڶڡ
ǣڶһġˡ


133 ǰ;
ϴһ鵽ԭĸ磬һγ鵽ǳԭĸŮãҲһС
ǳ۾Ưھͷʱһһ۾ϳ
Ƶֵ߳ʱǳ㣬ʶܿһӡ
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ǳûܳʱҶϵ绰ֱֻĹ￴һǧ𡱼֣ص˽û뵽ͷһ
Դϴһ˵ͺһȻûϵҲ̫ǰԸˡ
ΪԭضѪŨˮͷȰ˵ǳͰܵܺͺá
ǳְ߱ҵûˣͽܵԼ趼û൱ǺܶûһէһƵһʱֻ˸˵ĸо
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ǳùҶƵߵģ֪ΪʲôƵһһ˿ԼҲ˵ĸоͺ񣬶治裬һˡ
һһƽؿŶԷĵصǳ
գǳ˵ɣҽְҵ滮
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ҺǳֵɣBпŵķˮ磬Ϣҹߵļֱɲȥٿ飬֮ס
һǳɫƣʵ㣬óԷòá
һҲû˵ǳǮ˽°ǳܲԷѣԽ˵ģӦͻԼϡңֱ涨˵һ٣ܿѵȻ˾ͻѧ
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һ˼ǼǰƬͬ顢ƵȵȶᷴӦ˽ʱ״̬δˡ
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ǳҧô࣬ôˣ
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ǳ֮ǰӹһͻ˵Ǹתʮˣ˻ƺУʮǲ
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¼ǳԿͻֺãϹŻƣȽǮͻϼҽ顣
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ʵһڸǳԣֻǳ鷳鷳ʺǸidνܵйء
νǰ;ȷʵһǳף
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޸ҪǵڶߣԵһߵݼûпɲοԡ
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ǳԸģǱȵģﲢδд
ĿǰһãǱȵġֻĴߺͶǲһƾûбѧǹϵҲõġáԶǳ൱١
кôǾǳܾӰȽСھӰ첻ĵط׳ɳ
ҲлʱһȴΪϵϢ̫٣Ҳ㲻ôϸݣֻܸż
һ˵ǳ˽˵һ¾ǳȴԸһһ²˾Ҳûκν
ⲻһ뿴ģǳȷʵûзһ˿ǳ׻ȥһһĻʼȥ̽νܡ
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ǳһ˿ԼĽνڵսĿǰһָʵսӣΨʸȥμӹھĶ顣
ǳԼ̽ҸֹԼһ㣬ȻԼѺԼ
Ƿˣǳ˦˦ԴôǸŮ˵Ļء
ǳҪ˳ȦʱͻȻνܵһȦϣνܺˣ˵ҲҪʮ
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134 
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Ҫ˵һ˻̫ˣԶϵͳ뵽ĸӶˡ
󲿷ֱ䵯ĻԾˣʵǴֵģҪˣѾĬĬ㿪˹ﳵӡ
ͺһЩš׵ֱ˹ۿ䡢۲ȵȣҲΪ򵥡
ǧǧ棬ֻҪ֪ȣõҲ׬Ǯ
οһˣеӵ˶ֱ֪ĳ齱ǲܺĻģƽ̨Ϊ˷ֹĳЩ齱ĻԼѣ¹ڲˣƻֱԲкĻ
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135 
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ɲҵķӣǴмǿĿȥҵġ
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һһķӣһĵΪԴ䣬Ҫһǧһ¡˵ķһƱ˸һ١
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ǳ˵ճǼͰ˿ΪҲһλճԣô͵һλ˷ݵķ⡣
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˭֪ûãһλѾҪϼҽ飬ʣǳһλᰵԼ⡣
ңͷԽӡѵ᰺ܿҵ˺ˡ
Ϊ˷㣬ǷϢҪŮҲве˻һ׷ܲܽסеЩװŮ˵Ҫⷿӡ
ÿⷿо飬ѯʺȷ˶ԷҲŮˣǳ⣬һ¾·
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ǳһ𾪵ģһŷӦǳأķ磬ôЩð
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˲䱻תעɴۣܵˣ㣬ӽҵ񣡡
ǳмһˣĬĬԷȴ룬ҵ񡱣񾭲ࡣ


136 
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һǸſһֱϴֱѾȥˣ֮ǰܶࡣ
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һ˵컹չˣ齱͸Ϊƭ4000
ԽûӦǧʲô˼
ԽŴУڻǲ˺ܶ࣬һӦִǳ٣Щһͼסˡ
ȫҵгƽ̨÷Ƶۡһ͵
ֱ齱ʱ򣬻̲סظ˿
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ֻ֣ҧгݣۣƭӻֱˣƤ񵽻ҿ
֮ʿŮƭ潻棬Ů񿴼*˵ŮĻǰء
֣Ҳַ˿
ɲɣһ汻֣ˡ


137 
֣¶ԼĳţҲŮǰһѣǺڵȫ
֣ĿȻֱֱһΪ㲻ҳҡ
һ¶󣺡⻰ʲô˼ǣ
֣ǳ鶯ȻǸƭӣѧȦˣûвʶģӣһӶ㲻ϣͲѧˡ
ʶ֣ĹڣϽڵĻ֣ݡ
ʲôѧһǱˣʲôѧҲԼʥˣʲôδŵϣ֮һˣǵȽֵˡ
һԺʴԽߣ㿴츳𣿡
Խ߿һۣͷϡ磬츳㲻ģȷʵǿ֮š
һŶһûٴԽߡ
ڶҲ֣ĳ֣һʼҲΪ˴Խߣ󱻴Խշ˼½Զ֮ĵڶСܡ
ԽߺϲСܣСǸСܡЩСҪôһʼͲϲҪôɴǼǧǷˣֻҪԽշôǵͻõĸƻ˵ΪﶺֵĴڡ
ǧ򹷴ʻᱻԽշǧĹۣʺͼǧһҵ³
ԽߺͦЩСܣһȫûȥӤһա
һ½Զڼθһ񡢷ϢûлӦ󣬾ͽʹϵ˼һû紩Խ˳½Զ½Զһͨĸûɹƴ£С֮²١
һǵʲôǣȻûκ㣬һƾʲôϰ׷˼ΪԽһոСܣ
ԽҲ𽥷ֲԾˣܾãϵͳʼϵͳ̫һһȫ£͸¶һɹʡ
һϵͳһ˶Ķ⣬Ҳһչ¶ĺȻܡ
һôܣҪԽʲô˶һֱ´Խ߼޷һ
˵ǴԽһ裬˵ԽԹһΪ衣
ָоԽ߷ǳĻţԼų⣬ĸо
Խܻţϲԣ̽Ÿһ֣Ҫһߡ
һʾ֪ˣδ仰ϡ
֣ȷʵҪڴԽ߲ϵŻ칦ܾ֣֣ͨΪм˴
DǽѧģԲɱһЩֻйҸ߲֪ڵ칦ܾ֣˵Ǹŵģ˵רоһЩѧ޷͵ĶȻȻͺйϵ
˵ʼ΢СģһЩؼʱ̣ԽҲҪİ
ǣһڸֱûи߲㱣ôᱻٱ
֮ڻû⣬ҲΪŵڹٷܲһСټֱϲǡǮʲôֻҪܸ׬Ǯֱ
һԵٿ飬һɶǽֱĶôܷһǣһǵȨƵˡ
Ȼ֣ĳ̶ֳϣҲеСȨƵˣܵõ洫츳⣬ĳҲҪȻһܽӴˡ
֪֣ݺ˲ְֱȥԹϡ
֣һҶʶ˼Գˣ
һ˵ʲôʱ˵ˣ
֣һ㶣ǳһֱ俴һʵһֱ䲢˽⣬û˵
һôе㱾µˣˣδЩ̫ԵˣӦûвɢޡ
֣ӲϳԼдôϵ۸ӣûʦţèı£ǿɹƭˣȰûִ֮ǰ֮ǰƭ˵Ǯ˻ȥȻҲ档
һɻü˵ƭǮ㵹˵˵ƭ˭ǮˣЩ˽г벻˿
ʱСŷ׷ڵĻ˵ǲҪʦ˿ʦ˵ˣǮҪǰǮˣǱӦ䵽𣿡
ǰ֣զأ
֣ɫ𽥱䣺ߣƲԳԷƣЩˮֻ˰ˡ
Ȼ˵Լ㲻ˣҲмֱ£Ǳ㣬жٱ£
һԷ¶ڱصõں˵ðһ٣Ҹ㣬˳Ҳûб¡
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ٵȱƭ٣뻢Ѩɵûӣ֣磬ɫ
֣ƭʧķˣʱһʣбһٿѣ͵һǮˡ
ٿͳ֣ҲҪǰһõһĻشҪ㣬үүܳٵꡣ
Ļ׷ָ֣꣬ԼͰˣүүҪô㣿
һȴֻ֣΢һ˼㲻ڲңүүЩȥˣʵɡ
֣ĵ⻹û˱Щ㶣ʲôֻҪӾүүˣ
ǱΪŵ֣Ҫһ˵Ҳ˼þãࡢࡢֵȵȡϾҪĲˣүүм˼⿴ĸŮҲ
ɺϰˣ֣ҧ˿϶ǲµһЩ󵼶Էŷ֮µүүˡ
֣Цǣʦ˼ܻ೤١
Ļ׷׳Ц֣Тͽ֣ҲͶʮ꣬ʦʮ꣬ôȲ֪ʦʲôʱ
ǲ֪ǣ֣֮һΪԼʦҲ֪Լʦ೤Ϊˣǲܻ࿴͸˴˵ġֶ˵ҪĶ
֣ʦŴУҲóҵԵȵȡ
һȴһ㲻ΪѣͷӦʦʦͽϵԵǳʦ̨˽ңʦƬ֡ȵȷҡ
֣üŮ˻㰡
֣ŷ˾ͷˣһ϶ƭӣ㲻ʱֻ֣ͻȻˡ
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ƵͨǶ˵ɫ԰ףϽֱߡ
֣ƾʲôҡײƭ𺦵Ŀ˵ԺҶžǷ⽨ˡ
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֣ҧʲô˳ǰɣʦ㶼ˡ
ָ֣֪֪ĸҿŷֽжǲһܻóģʦҲδѧ˸ķֽ˵ֻмǧǰʦŻַ䣡
ԭǰ죬֣յһķֽһҧֽһģҪȨʦ϶ŷֽƬʦֻҪʦһ仰϶ⶫǼٵģһͼܳΪ֤һ
˭֪һֽ˾סˡ
Сﱳ󣬱ضиָ㡣˵ţȿڲɤӣһؿ㷢Ϣֹոˡ
սʽ΢뵽ǹﱳָĸˣضٹ⣬ǷֽĻϵĸˣضǾǧ괫еŴ塣
֪һĸ˴Խߣûоǧ괫УȷʵǧǰҲǿѧ衣
֣üʦ⻰˼ǣȷʵе㱾£
ϻŭ֣Ҫҽ̵ԣ㵹ãϵ£𼱻ǵؾͳȥˣܲܳİֱôңҪƭӣթƭĻȥˣЩƭǮɵӲɣ
Լʦһʹ֣˵绰󣬻صֱ䣬һڵ
֣ӣΪԼһҪһƭӵıû뵽ԷǮµͬУֻԼвУԷķֽΪ
Ҳˡ֣Ӳ˵֪ˣ䡣
˵ֱ꣬ӹҶߡ
ֱĹڸеĪһҲͷԡ


138 
ֱô²⣬һǶٿԷˣǶʮˡ
֣һԣһ̳һ˹ڡ
ǳѾ˳ֱ䣬˵ͷֻһһϡ
ڸô棬ôרע֡ġ
ǳ˦˦Դ˦Լﲻʱ˵뷨һֱһߣԼֱ
ǳҲϷȦһСˣһֱȫġ
թƭ粨δȥνڹⲻץǳһʱ֤ˣЩֿᰮץÿһܽŮק̳Ļᣬǳ˺ɵʹ
˵ǳֱ֮ǰһĳ治ضáΪǳ漰ǲթƭַڵᣬǾǸһ㼴ըĻ⣬˲ͻ˵ķιӡ
ǳޱؿĻõԿֱϾóһĵһ˳FPSϷֻ治ˡ
ûڵáǳٲֱǮ¸µķⶼˡ
Ϊ٣ǳ֮٣ֱΪáԵ˺ܶ࣬󣬵߹ۿ汻ƽֿ̨һ׬˼ٿ顣
ԣǳ˸ǳ˵ĵӣǰϰѺŸһĶλ
λϰĵҪλν񣬲ֻ˶ٷ־ϣָȫǰһǧ֮¶Ǵ棬֮ʯ𡢻ƽ𡢰ͭΡ
Ҫ򵽴棬ֻҪ־ͿϣǴȫǰһǧǾͲ֪Ҫٷˣֻ֡
Ҫ񣬵ÿ첻ϵشΪп컹ڰϵڼһͱ˼ǰһǧˡ
һ£ﶼôλϰĵӣڣҲ
һǳǰӵģλϰʵʵģΪʵѹûʱȥסλãԻǮǳ
Ϊڲϵǳǳץʱ˴񣬶һñסλã֪ʱжˡ
ϰܴ󷽣ⵥӴ꣬סλãȻѾڣǿһļǮ
һ㱣ĻҪü򣬵ǴһʼʹⶼʮһˣڣǳܽӵֵʵסңϰűҲǸ߷ִ棬˵û񣬵Ŀǰһֻһǧ֣ǳŬŬС
ֻҪʮµףȶϣǳһˡÿҲǧʮµý⣬ȫá
ǳһһֱС·ֱֻ¼Ϸ˷
ڻ棬ǳ룬û¶ûױ¶
ǳ¶¶ֱˣڼǳ¶ˣ׷׿ʼƭǮңȻôڽһţܱ֤˴
ָĿȫǰһǧӾʷڡѪȵȣΪǵרһΪŮ˵ǳϷôã϶ǿˡ
Ļ׷ڸпŮ˾ǺðֻҪǸŮģֱֻΪŮˣеǷϸŹá
ǳסͷҪ׬Ǯ̬ȵúãѹƢֻĬĬ²ۡ
ǰŮ˵ȻãֻҪŮˣ΢չ¶ʵͻ
տֱǻʵԱɣֻΪŮˣȻӵ˾ʵšר˵츳
ǳһֱӴ峿㣬ǿֽһ㡣
²һһֱ䣬Է²ˣ̫Ͷ룬ûǱû
ǳЩ˯ţһʱǸ㷴˯ˡ
Ϊ˴ҹϢߵӾǳоԼڿʧ
ǳȥϴ컹δϽ˯
ȴʱһķŴ򿪣Ŀԡ
ǳεԭأôˣʲôϢ
һȻشкϺãҲô糿𣿡
𽥱棬ǳµؿһ˵ʲôôΪ˳
һͷǰǳһ˯㣬Ϊûӣÿ˯磬ʡ緹緹ֻһ٣ʡǮǳܷ糿һųʱ䡣
ǳɫ죬һʲôôɣе˰ɣ
ǳڵһ˵ĸо裬ôأǸŮֻڱѪʱŻͣƽʱҲǸͨˡ
ǳɵ뵽ѧ漰ܶĶҲûС˵Ӱӣиʽжᣬ֪ġ
᲻᣿
ǳĸһĲ룬ǰһͻȻһĴڡ
飡
һԭأΪʲôղŻǳͻȻ˹һţڶʲôණһ
Խ߷ϵͳǵðԭסǽã϶Ա˴ϤҪ뿪ң⣬ֺ˳Ϲϵǳ²Ƿ㲢ԭˡ
һ˼Ƭֿ̣ܣһǻ¡
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ں½ԶûһʱҲķΪķֽⱻٱթƭֽôã˲˼Ǻޣ֣֮һˡ
һʱֻżûʲôֻֻϵͳǰ̫ˡ
û뵽һֻ϶δ硣
в绰ڵҪˣһ£жʮֻÿûˡ
ԭ˲֪ĸǶ˵ϼһ˵һڸֱͺǳһ׬Ǯ
̱ѪĶ绹ûء
˵ĵ绰һûܡ
ִǳȥֻǲ֪ǳһסһҵǳΪ˸ǳ顣
νƭǮǸͻҵǳϼȥ
ǳΪƭǮ£УƽһоϢعˣʵͼͥסַСѧѧУĸ඼ǳˡ
ƭĿͻҵǳϼȥǳ¡
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һǳﴫǳŭ˵˲ƭģǮòǷǮǮ쾭壬Ǯνȥ
ʲôνܣŮѽƭ˼ҵǮ˼ҪҲϴСˣѧҲûϣ˼Ҳû˵ѧУͷ¶ֱʲô
һֻüǳҲ֪˵ʲô
ûһǳ㵽νܵ£ǳΣ±թƭץΣȥծȥͳˡ
ǳͱˣǱм¼ǸƭǮĿͻֵȥҲҵǳΪ¸޹أνƭǮǶʮҪأҲõץν˵
ǳǳֱ׳˵ðȥ᲻һ
Ҫ֪ھǶô˵˵ĴŮթƭԺ㻹ôˣǼǱܻģһܵȢϱô죿
ǳЦǲãȢϱҲǻùһӹá
ѾͷôԼܵܵġ˵ŭֻǳڡ
Ҳţ˾ͽ˵ֻŸǳƶľҪڹ׬ǮϣӶϸˡ


139 
˵ĺֱǳڣⲻ֪ڵĵڼˡ
ǳҶϵ绰ķ䰲ÿ£Ѿϰȥˣֻʣ
һ룬ʣû°ɣ
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Ȼǳ¶뿪ңѾǳˡֻǣҪ峯Ϧദʮ˲Լһ̵¡
һţ·ǳŬ򶨵ĳ
֣ǰŮ˶Ҫ࣬٣ŮǻĻᣬְʱ޿̲ӡ
һΪǳӦǸ׻ҵġ
ɽһСƫȱˣ׿õĸİԼԶòʱʹԼ
뿪ˣСԺȶģԶǱӵ϶Ϊʲô軹ǲϷŹ
ǳǸͻǺҵ»ˣΪʲôҪͻƭȥ飿
ѵΪ϶ܳ費ˣΪһ˵϶
һţһ޷Էֻ˵˵޷ѡļˣ뿪ǣļˣԼѡ񡣡
ǳһǰ;貵ġһ϶˵
ǳһ˫ۣЦңǰ;貣Цأ
ڵֱһ飬Ǯǰ;
ңֱܸһ𣿵羺ⶫͺܿ䣬ʮְҵ羺ѡֻֻѡۣοҵأ
ķӦ½㣬һ仰Ĩģ˲òϣһʱƯҲǣᣬǳƯ֧뷹Զأ
ǳ棬ʵҲòϣʱĸĻ޷ֱ˵ǳഺܸͣʲôأ
ҪѧûѧҪûܸ
ȵʮʱ򣬸ȥҵˣѲȥࡢɨֵĻ
һվ⣬ǳãһһ˵ꡢ꣬һε˾ͱڵǳͻ⣬ǳõͣΪʲôԷƱ
࿴ǳǸ֮ˣѧ֮£Խνܽ⣬һЩڣ
ǳǴģʮǮףҵûгʮҵгôҲҪʮֻҪѡ֮£ᶨȥ
ǳһ֮ŵţЩ£вɣģǳ׬ðɡ
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ǳЩɳƵ׳ŵʣ㡭㲻ɣ
һţǳܴҲС
һܳϣԽ߻ء
˲˵ˣǳ֪ӦһĬˡ
ǳѹ־𾪴棬С˵ĶϷ룬Ȼʵײˣ
ô죬Էǹ
ǹ᲻ɱˣ
ǣҪɱ˵ʮǮעǳ
ǳͨһ㣬İˣһ㵽ʲôΪʲôң
Ϊʲô
һסˣΪԷǳҲķ磬
һԺ︡һκǳƵʱĳʮͷСഺЦȴĨȥŨ룬Ƕʮ˸е
ǣһǸսУҲϣսеʮξеʮ껹սЩŮˣƶڲξǶšо;лεĽſѪҲ޷ֹһǻ¡
Ϊʲô˺ƽǳһȴͬһ
һǵǳˣıǳһˡ
ΪʲôΪֵáһ˵
ȱһֱ䷿ܼÿܸ㿪ǧʣֱ֮䣬齱ƵߡԼշݸͻ㸺㿼Ǻˣҵš
˵꣬һͻԼ䣬ǳ㹻ʱúÿǡ
˵ʵϰӣۻڵصشҲͼ飬һܣһֱƵշݲǰһķֽͻռǳ̫ʱ䣬ÿ컹ϰ򿨣ó壬ӣʱ䣬ͿԸ㸱ҵȤ
˵ʵǳݹ൱ĶǣﻹǸĵӣø˴꣬ǻְҵ¡
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һѭȥԷھͽ൱顣
ãС𣿡
Է֪ԼʵһһʱõϢ
ţǣȻԷ֪ԼʵһͲȦˡ
˿һôƽ֪ԷӦòǸ׶ŭˣӦþͲƽͽ֣ð
ҽˣ۵壬ɵڰʮһ
ʲôһһͷˮʴԽߣԽҲ֪
Խڵ磬ȫʱڶ࣬093ɣڴԽߵֻǸǳСɣԽ߸û˵
Խ廨ţ093ѧɷչֻȼ汾µĸǷëǡ
Էûһ֮˱ضǱˣʱɲ޶˽⡣
СʦţһС㻭ıам֪֮Сѿɷͽ̣Ϊҽأʡ
һɻ󣺡˵ôôƣҽ㻭аǰɣ
һ죬һȿȣû
һͷԣѧһڿν꣬ѧᡣ
ɴۣʲôǮѧҪʦ
һˣʮˣһʮͷСﵱͽܣҪ˵ȥǵñͬЦһꣿ
ԥ˵Сѣʶʦܷѿ̸
һֱԵûʦ
ĬɲһûʦֻΪһ˲¶棬˶ԼļɻõģȻˣҲǿˡ
аɣʦܱʦ棬ҰΪʦʵǡ
һϵʲôʦֻ˵Խаôû˵ҪΪ*ͽû˭ѧѣҶ̡
аһִԱķ˾𵽱аãҪ˵˺˭ǲܵģԴԽҲһѱа⴫⴫ȥҲֻø棬ԽǶܵĹԽˡ
屻ʵס̻ͽܶʦ˵ǰա·أѧ֮ϣûʦţǺѧġʣһеģʦصҲЩ
һȻ˵Խ̸κˣֻǮˡ
ʱɫЩ죬ô˵ǵаʵ̫ѧˣôķֽѹʵʦҪѧˣ֪ҵڵͬжꡣ
ѧѧѧҧСѣɷֻţһϵʽ
һͬˣ⣬ײ
һϵʽתһһԼһѧа
ΪصһģҲΣգǼСԷͼıҲüɵһ¸˶ӵ⡣
˿̽Լͽ֣ʵһһ²⣬Сոͽ֣ԣ˵ʦͽԵǳΪ⣿
һܻ˵ʻУƷһ㣬ҿͷƬƷж֮ˣ֪Ϊɶ֣˵ͽܣẦ㣬ʦͽԵöϡ
üѽо֣СƽʦѣֱͦһСӰ˵ʦͽҲЩˣûСӸɹʲô°
Ȼһô˵ˣһĵãԼٿ֣һʱ䣬㡣
⣬廹һһСһǧֱ֮⣬ڲ
һʼһ˵Щ秵Ļһˡ
һǳѰԼҪ˿һǧĹʣɲöǮǻصӡ
һϲԼһѵ⼬֣һ˽֪ܲС
ǰһ֮ǰֱ¼ˣ汾µģȻҲһЩ⣬һôô׼ɼһ˵ǱһʦҪࡣ
뵽һһ϶ʮþȣٲãһ²Ӳĸ˿϶Լͽܲܡ
˵ģһλѵӱһණϣȥħа۷ǳߣ³֮ð͡ţ֮ߣ鷳϶٣СԸͬУӵֿɺã
֣һʮ
һ˼شӦˣԥһ룬ǶʮĲء
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140 ѧ
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˭Ҳû뵽ĪһˣʼǳңڶʱͻƾʲôһŮ
Щ˻ǳǳЩʵһƵ˵ǳ̶̼ܶô󣬿϶ǿˡ
˶֪ϰϻһſ϶֮ǰҲ˲ǮǹеƤߵȵȶܹϰ屧в޵̬ҵǳ˿
ϰ岻Ҷģһˣұٷϵͳһž÷š˵Ϸ治ˣ˺ڳеϷҲ治ˡ
ǳô̶һڸ˴ķϣϰ廹֧ǧ顣
ǳٶû͵ӵľأھ֮Уʲô¶ϸɡ
ԭǳңҲΪʱķڻһǮֻܻؼȰѶʮծˡ
ڵǳɲؼңֻȥұĹԱͷۣЩѧͼûʲôҪǳȥԱ˵㣬ܵö࣬һҲǧһ򲻵ȡ
ǣһǳͷ·ˣȦͼνƬνܺսӳԱվϷ췽ǰա
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ͻȻǳ뵽һһ˵ԿһǧĹʣƸǳķܼнȻBвߣ㹻ǳˣܸ⣬Լʱȥ
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ǳʽΪһֱ䷿ܼƽһĹҲǳ
ܵ˵ǳ֮Ŀʱ൱࣬ϾһֱڷܣһܾͲһΣÿҲͳ˹ڣÿʱСʱ
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ںа֮ǰһӦҪѱаĻ̸壬һν塣
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дƻǢ̸ˣһ˽δעΪƯǰ̨࿴˼ۡ
嶩ݵż䣬װƫžи̨̨滹мɽȪ൱⡣
ż׺ͰľĴ䣬߶רҵģҲϵȲҶó䷿ӦҲǮ
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֣һǸģ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ֣ãԷһţʧ̬̫ˡ
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֣͵ͷԶԶԣ˿עˣ
ꣿǳֱҲǰ⻹Ϸ۰
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ˣǳ֣δж顣
֣ǳһվһ飬ʱЩͷԣôһˣ
һǳشˣǳƸʲô𣿡
קһ֣ȥԵúûò
֣ʵڻǲ̫һʲô汾£ֱ˽żһԽ廭а
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ѹҲڵĶǴԽڵĳɵѧûûʱ䳤ɲǾ
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ܰ¸Ǽ½ã˵һ䱳ĸʵĪ⣬ʱ򣬲ͽǵʱ
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һֱһ˵ҲмǧȶۿҲһСˣٱǰԭ輸Сʱֻһǰƽ˴Ҫࡣ
һûдӦǩҺͬȷƽֵֵ̨ͣٿһʱ䡣ңһԽӵλԱƽ̨һĴһ⣬ƾʲôǩ˶Һͬһķֳɻһɣ
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ԱͬȰСˣ°ȥϴŷһ顣
ȻܣǴЦݣУҾͺ˵˲ǩ
һԻʵϰڵͬ·ɨһĻϵĶԻ
һǧͬ۾һԷֱҲʶ֣֣ʰ·϶бµġ
ҶСҧϸԱĴһ㣬Ǯͱƽ̨ˣȴԼԱֿ̡
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141 Ǹ
ֱǱߵҶСڿôڵһһߣǳһ˴ںһ˵ǰţҪֱʱһǰǳ
һֱǳԣһҲҲһΣæʱһζûῪ
ЩĽĹڣֻ۰Ͱ͵ضһֱ䣬һ
ŵ֣֤һѧǣ´οü죬ķ˿Ѿʼļǧʮˡ
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ǳߣҲڵȵνܻعϢ
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ĳɼMBG˵Ҳֵôģûսھʸûܽȥϼ֣ѾDսﰫӰθ߸ˡ
ԣMBGսӳԱعһ·ɻڴѾвٷ˿Ⱥڴˡ
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MBGķ˿ѻڸסˣνܻúܵ⣬ôΪӻӰ
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ǳյִ֪ͨñĸоԼĴŷһ
˵ϴεĲթƭ¼أǵѼ֤ݣҲթƭ´ͷβνģ޹أѾˣץνڽѶѶͻ֮ǰЩʹղ˵ӺƵ߶ϷͥûеʱЩ˴˾
ӣԹϵĹԽԽ˷ܣҥǳˣ׷ԲԼӺƵתûеΣսޣûУǶŵɾӺƵ
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תת˶ǳһ档
ǳóԲ·Լһϲһû
һòҲսΪϵͳˣʳԶͨ࣬Ǹ֣ǣ˷˵Ȳǳԣţǳȥ
ߵߵߵһŵһ飬Է𣿡
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ǳѹ˵Ҳˡ
һ⣬ٴʣ治ԣ
˵Ҳԣǳ΢Щ˵
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ǳ鲻õʱһײľֿڣȻ̫á
һĬվſԼĪ룬һ仰˷űˣԼȡ
˵꣬һת뿪
ǳӦյرͷסԴڸﰡ
ߺһƬǳĿųţѵķˣͷЩᡣ
һƴôã˵ڼ䣬ڼҵʱ򣬼ķҲΪţҪ˻ؼңǾ͵ܰѲӶɣʣµ跹Ͳˡ
׷ӵضβãԷôˣʮ㣬߲ͣôڱ¥ڸס¹λá
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ǳСĵƶûĵƻůǳŻʱ򣬶Ǵʹһ֧֧
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ǳ̽ԴԣԵķŵһһĵƹ⡣
ǲǸúһǸ
ǳҧ´ôʱʤСʱ򶼴򲻷ѧУҲǣϵͷ
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ߵߵߵ΢һĬдԽ߸ľͿھ
Щ¼ȿԷһϰԺҪˣֳǮѧˡ
ʣһ֪˭
𣿡һʡ
ǳǸĻںôҲ˵ڡ
һҲû˵ʲôֻʣȺ𣿡
εʱ򣬾ͻᶫǳɨһȦһķ䣬̫ɾˣ·Ҷķȫͬ
ǳں͸۾һ˿飺Ⱥˡ
һǳ鶯ʣǸҿ
ǳʱЩ࣬𣺡ô氡
һߣô˵ƭأ
ǳ죺ĻԣǲΪ˲㵣
ǳһ˵ˣ¹ܶԷ˭ѵõǳԴΪ֪Ļġ
һΪ˵ҲҪΪ˹ҵĸƭңҲƭ
ǳ֪ΪʲôĪ±ѵĽŸУվſڣЩ޴롣
һ̾Ҳڹ㣬ֻǳʵȷ𣿲
ǳӲ˵ԼᣬϾȷɱֱӳ˼򵥶ˣһһ²ͳٲãһŽ΢¯Ҳа
ǲ֪Ϊʲôǳһ飬ʣԷ𣿡
һԭأֻץŰ֣ҡͷûС
ǳΪ鲻ûԷһҲһηԭҲΪ仯ûζԣҲûԷ
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˵ţͽһ֮ǰһԣֵˡ
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һӹǳĹǰһȥ
ǳεץŹǣһߣС˵ûͰһ
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һʵ㲻ôѧǰѧֵһһԭҲʮˣһһûйѧʱڵ
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һ˼˵01һͺá
ǳȻûķؼģ֣ȫûκηӦ糣
һ״תߣ淭Ĳˡ
ڶزǵǳȻҲǵ
Ȼһ˿ʧ䣬һ⣬һһεʶķ磬һһεûص޿ռķ


142 
ѵôܰشһ飬ǳҲȴһռݵҴ㣬ǳ˶ǶԼ˸ºͣദҲȻ
һ粻αװǳǰαװıԾǲ˵ģǳ󣬷˸СȣһȰȰȡ
ǳãһʣΪʲô·𣿡
ǳԷһ٣֪ΪʲôԴһĬǾһȫİ꣬ǳһ˿ĪиС
ϴβǸһ˵ҵ鷳ԵƬˣʶһνܡұˣνһعͱˣϵ˻ģơ
һͷضǳٰһԣѵġ
ǳΪԷҪɶģһֻҨһʣе׷ͨ׷״λȻҲܾʹԡ
ǳõɴۣǸ
һ˵һѾȥˣºܿͻнҲǻ
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ô׹ȥ𣿡ǳһ̲סʵ
һͷ֪޲ԣһ٣ʵҪĲνܣҲ永ʮЩʵͨɾץķˣ漰ʮġĽʵĸĸΪ̯£ǻϼǸƭ˺ͽ⣬ܻȥ˾ͳˡ
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һ״ο㲻õģסⷿӣֻ֪סַҲϵʽҲֻӰֻӴ绰Ķٵ硣
ǳſӣķĸôԴģ̫ˡ
һ˵ҪǾôŹǲģҿԸ㻭˲úķطĿݵĸǾС
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ϸ磬һܶжģֻϵͳʱ͵ԷԺĶԻ
ԴԽߵʣһδӦ
Խûк޸ϵȨΪ绹ֻʵϰߣϾǴӱģ޸ֲһûоѵСɫôԽһļֵۿۡ
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ϵͳԼ˵һԼԽˣʶԼǰĲΪʵˡ
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ԽߺһĹ궼һһĹȻû壬ʵ磬ȥĻȥģɴԽȴһĪһߣ޴ȥ
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Խò֪˵ʲôһüûӦֻܻһһϢ
ϾԽλ״̬ˣɢһԽߵ˿ƣԳ䵱Խ߼޵С䡣
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ʵϣǳţڴϣﶼڻһ
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˵һˣʱ˶ʮǳôҲû˽˷ɻ
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ǱҲ֣ȽϿԼͽܣϣһУͽһѧ㡣
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֣ĶǵԼʦѧ࿴£ֻŶ࿴ǳˡ
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۷תǳȥ˺˲ͬһˡǰǳѻͬһϷȦˣ˿ǳȥѣȦʿִȦӵżֻͣŮԾԽԽ࣬Ȧ˼ǳܵĲȥת塣
ȻҲٲ˲ȶȸˣǳʲôִ̬֮󣬶ǳʵΪνթƭѾ϶Խ֪ǳǰõˮϴþԽɾ
ɻɺǳֻѧһӣ֣̺ɺϢ
ȫ֣Ҳһ׳⣬Ҳû˽ӻ
ǳװһֱ
һ֣һۣͲٳűϢˡ
˷ɻȺýӻ˵һ֪Ǯһæ⻧˼չˣǧƪһɵʱһһɲԤС
Ȼ˼ˣһãֱˡ
ԭڳBУǧǧ𣬳˺ͼǧ衢ǧĿ⣬Ҫпʵˡ
ǧǧ裬˵ĳ裬Ҫǣ˵ĳ衣
ԭǧԭB׸ؼҳӶ飬֦ڣɱǧ𡣼ǧؼҸҪǧ𶩻飬Դǧ
ԽߵϡؼҳνB׸֮ӣAеνȦ̫ӹ˳ˡ
ҵ˱ǧ򱶣Ǯƣüǧۣö졣
ǣ龹ȻһϣǾʶ˳


143 ˼
ԭﴩԽߺ˳ʶžһΣǴԽǶûԼĵڶߣֻڼǧĵһߣһҲ޷˾Ȧס
˼ҵϵӣǹһѣ˳үү
һú٣ֻһӣӺϱڶǰһֻһӹ˳
ǣ˳Ϊ˼νġС硣
Ͼˣֶֶǲ֣ϼҵòСԹ˳Ľֻϣסҵ
˳СүүĮ˭Įûֹ϶ãͻȻԲѣҽԺVIPĳ͡
ⳡ죬һû˾Ĵײ˹˳ټϹ˳ȻȻƽȣȴٳûѣһֱҩˮһ
嶼ڿȴѣҽ˵Ǳײֲˡ
Ȼʶ֪ʵҲЩѧģ˼ʻСܴڣ˼ʻĴôҲ˵ȥ˰ɣ
˼Ӵ󣬶ûô£Ǿ˵ѾǿѧΧڵĶɵġ
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˳ڴԽߵİ£һʱ䣬㹻ȥ˼ڲ档˳ĳĸĳǹ˼˸ɵģΪľ˼Ҽҵ
һΣԽ߱ð˳ҵı˳Ķ壬ȵֵʱ򣬴Խٰ˳ҵĸף󲮡
Խ˳˼ңΪ˼˵һĵˣ˳رԽһŽ֤ӡ
һе𾪣ôãǸأ
һξ˹˳Ҳûи⣬ΪʱûץĵʿԹ˳һ¼󣬸ŴԽBУΪֻڴԽ߸ԣס˳ϱµ䡣
ԽʵǸˣ˳˧þ춯أǮƣBУסһ
Խûһһȥǳ⣬½ԶСܺ׬ǮɱһˣھͰԼ򷿣ټй˳һӣֱBһլ͸Խߣסһ𣬴ԽҲûܾ
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һܺ棬Խ߶˵£Խ־µĹ˳Ȼܽ档
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ʮһջǲС˹˼ҵ¾ˣɲۺ
ǳûôռز֪о·ɽͷǹ˼ҵġ
AĴУ˼ҵլô󣬼ֱ¡
ADĻģ˼ҲǮȨ˳ϷΪȦ̫Ӳûġ
ΪͻԴԽѹǧ𣬹˳Ҳѹǧδؼҳӡ
ǧŻĽʺޣŻøտɶ
ǳЩǱ˼ҵĺˣоʹûôɡ
˼ҵӶ˾ȻĺӰӾһжӣŶרŵ˸ƿ
ǳһߣǰĲˮ˼ȥˣܾãԼѽ԰Щ˵ӿ
һȴЩǳн˱򻨲衣
ǳӹϤӣ㰲ģҪһѰ
һСýţģɾͺá
Ǳ߸պ庮꣬ŤͷͿɳϵŮԣӡûôŮӰɣ˭
ǣһ棬壬ûпѹͣҲϣһһԼ
æ˵λ裬СѣҸ˰ղɣһ𿴿
ü˵롱۵ˣ²һ㣬С￴ȥҲͶʮ꣬б
Ļֱһʱ
ԭڲŵĹ˳ӻ˹˼ңΪ˷
һӦһЭ˵ʱһٳ֡
˳ڹ˼Ҷ¥һ伫䲼ʮֽҲǹ˿ġ
忴ŷ䲼֣ͷʾûʲô⡣
һȴָŽһ˵岼ûʲô⣬Ǿİڷƻ˷ϺõķˮۼĸӸˣҽüһӡ
壬üϸ˼ٵͷϹˣǸӿ
ɫÿӵķۿŪģ˵⣬˵ۻ軨Ƥӵ¶ֽŶֲ
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ȥ˼飬˼ҲûֹʲôԾ
һǱߣѵԲ˹ӣ޼в㡣
Ѿ΢Щˣ⻨ǮƵĲ֣ҪǸƻˣһܸڻȥ
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ΪӵİΣȻ嶼ˣ˹ߣѹӸˡ
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ѹһֻ˵ȴԼǰȥѡ
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˵Сѣզң
һһۣû뵽ôçֱӽӹȥ
ʱţСȷʵмֱ¡
һ˵ⶫǹ˼ԼŽȥģԲһ¡
ÿڣʦӱⶫ˸ô찡
һŵĹ˳ʵǺˣˣʮǰðײá
Ͼ齫ȣ˭֪᲻־ǽְ͵
ξƻһ֮Ĵ㣬罫ƾͼƣܸʲô
һŴϿƮŵĹ˳˳Ҳܺشս㾹Ȼüң
һûһ̧֣˼λϹˮţΧ˵Ķͷϣһַտÿһζĳ˵üġ
ţˣ˲оĿһ۾Ϳ˸ǰĹ˳
ѽǳŵɫ԰ףЩ
һֻǳʱ¶ЦݣЦ˵ûֻǻ壬ʱزȥԼ壬ʱ䳤ˣſܱɹ»Ұ
ӵĻǣҰһôص£Ϊʲôһ˵ô赭д޹ؽҪһ
²Ǽƽ϶Է̬ȵʱ򣬹ʶһ汾£̰ڳѺõʣʦһҪҼҳǹ˼ҶǮ𣡡


144 
Ǯһǰһ壺֪кμ⣿
ɫЩΣСӣȻԽֱȥһô죬ѵ֪һֻ˳𣿰һߣС
һ¶һ֣һ˿ۣȷʵʵǷǰΪıӦú֣ֻ࣬Ǳ۵վסˡ
嵽׻мֱµģȻڿۡЩ棬һҲǲЩ׻һʦ߽һ˳֪ô¡
Ƕ˳壬˳ȴֱֻһܿü˰ɣŮˡ
һ֮ӹ˳
ȴڰľֻӱ˵ʱ򣬺˸ӣ
˳üŮ˺֣Ȼ
趨һʳ˼̻ӣһãˣôܲʳ˼̻ĻƷܲȱģдһֽƬˣܺӵʵ˵һȱ㡣
˳Ǯƣû˧ûŮ˻ԶһⲻͬѰŮ˵ķӦȤ
ãһһŮˣһŮ˶Ƿǳݽ𡢻յġ
˳Ů˵ͬʱΪ߸ϵشһرŮˣ¶͡
ⲻ֪һرĺŮˣһͨˡ
˳ûеõӦһŲҰ׵ĹˣԵ˻岻ȡ
Ǳ߲࿴ˣ˳ĻǾڸȴû壬˳ֺܸɾûκαĺۼôֻһֿܡ˳ѾһռݣԼزȥˡ
пڹ˳Ƕʱ䣬ǲȣͱĻ֣ռ塣
ǾͶڹ˳ռ˹˳ӦѲȻռ壬ȴ޷ȫƹ˳塣
ֻΪ˳⣬Ҳ⡣
˳һ֮ӣҲԽ֮ӣһע˳ǣΪ˺ͨΪҲᣬ֮ǸоͶߵˡ
һͬصͷɲ˳ΪΪΪŮһеǶõģÿŮѣҪôȨưҪô˰
ʱһ룬ǷЩԱǿӵƷʣΪԼŮ䲻ϣʩŮϣʩӸŮżϣԴˣӵһƷʡ
һ룬ҪǸһȨƺͳҪɫǳκˣҲܽѵκߵˡ
һ˼֮ʣѾȷ˳ﻹһǣ˭˵֮ҪǱƳܰ˳ȥ
Ҫռݹ˳ĻǣǾ͵׼һٲ˵ģ֣ʦͽ׼Ͳȥˣʹһûб
һ˵Ĵ㣬Լ׼ôûʲôмֵʱеĻһٳ֣ҪʲôϣԼ⼸ȥҡ
AеŶгУһЩϵ۹ⶾһҲԵһŲˣֻԼ۾ָУȻԽߵĻҲο
ϧԽھͺںһսṩһκΰ
˵һҲûôԽ̸߽һЩķһסˣһ룬ʣµֻҪͣʵУΪͺá
˵һڵʵ紩Խʮ֮һӦϡ⣬Ѿˡ
Ϊⳡ귨Ҫʱ˺ͣ˵̾ģ廹Ҫù˼ȥѰһЩϣʱ䣬ҹʡ
мЩ죬˶ɹ˼˰ڹ˼լס¡
´㰲ŵAõľƵ꣬һæ۵Ƕ̶̼Сʱڣ˳ͬ˵ϣ˶סڹ˼լŰģΪµĹӱˣ˻᲻˭Ҳұ֤һλʦڣ亦Ӧò׳֡
һҲǣͰһڹ˼լס£˼Ҵúܣ壬㰲żλúõĿͷ⡣
һǳķ䰤һʦͽڶ淿䣬˵ķ䶼˳ܽҲΪ˱֤İȫ
һҹеû£ڻķ׬Ǯܾˣпն໭
Խ߸ڰգһôר־ԽԽ㲻
߶ģиĵģΪõΪģ߽ԵáһĿĵģԽҲǵһμ
ԽƲѣ̲סˣ㵽ʲôǲǸû廹ң
һëʵ˿κӰ죬ڷ£ȴӰɾڻֽϻ
⻰˵ģ屾Ҳģ̸ʲôأ
Խüϵͳ㲻˵϶Ȱٷ֮˾ʮӦתҲŻᱻٻ
һҡͷô˵ɣƭϵͳѾˣҲ󶨵ϵͳ㲻Ǳٻģԭ󣬱޸ָ׹ġ
ʵǿ󣬵Ҳᱻ򶯣޸ѡõߣ޸ûиĵڶȥ
ڶߣԽüʲô˼
һؼֽᴵ˴ӹǵһߣ޸ǰĶϲڲһˣ¾顭
ţһͼ򵥸˴Խߵĵڶߣǧˡһк͵ˣһߴһߺ޳
Խ߾õɴۣʲôҿģһһӽӣ
һŴԽߣҲ¶һ˿ɻ󣺡ǰҲܾȣ޵ʲô
Խ򴽣Ĭһ¾飬ôһ˵ĻϾһռ˱壬ôҲˡ
޸Ϊ˴Ҫľ飬أĿʲôԽ̽
һҲδԽߣԼԽϣԽߵϵͳҲϣȥ޸ָ״
Ҳһû֪A֮Ϊ˾֮Ťͷ뿪ԭֵܱ̫ƫ飬ͻ޸ֻɡ
ҵĿģһëʴ˴Լ°ͣ
Ϊ˵ˣһЦ˵˶ðϲŭ֣һУʹࡣ
Խ񾭲һһô꣬Ϊ˳һϵͳȻѾ˼Ҫ
ʵԽ߶ҲڱصãֻǵԭǸϵͳӦģ񣬾Ϳ԰Լԭ磬
Ҳں壬Խֱضһ뵱ˣ㣬Ҳϵͳ֮ǰǸϵͳӦһصԭ磬ҲҿԲƽ£Ҳ԰Ǹν޸֡
һټٶԴԽߵ嶼Ϊ֪֮ǰǸϵͳƭҲû취ûʵ壬ֲͬһĻǣ˹ޣֻܼϣںһһԭȵ硣
һƺԴԽô׵ЭеȣΪԷһô׾ͺ壨ˣ
ԭţһ취ȥ
Խԭţһȷʵ취
Խ߲ķ磬ķڵﲻɹ˾ˣʱ䵹Ȼһûķ硣
ԽüҲȷҵʱ׽٣ֱʧȥʶˣһϵͳ˵Ѿԭˣ˵޸ֲţϵͳĻҲһģҵûҵͬź͵Ӧûҵܺõر
籣һİ취кܶ࣬һͷȻˣҪһԣ
Խߵ岻ϵͳµźбѡ


145 
ȻҪô˾͵ȷԼĿꡣ
һҪԽڱҪʱ򣬰޸֡
һƫ̫ˣôʻ޸ֵľ޸־ǰεʧܣ˵ǿɨļԵʱҪԽ߻صɻء
Խƽʱû¸ɾͽ̽һһѳƣҪ㹻ΪָܻԼϵͳܽԽͻԭ硣
һɱǧ𣬵Ŀǰл̬ȣûĶ
һһ֮Ĵ㣬ȴʱ
ʱѾʮ࣬ʱ仹ʲôţ
һ߹ȥһţվǳַָ̧¡
ôˣһʡ
ǳЩִٵջ֣֪ôڡ
ղɴϣΪ˴е˯ȣҲǸҹèӣҹɳ̬ˣֻʱͻȻһҹı
ⳡAУҹٷٰǼƷƺͼƽ̨Ͼٰ£ƷҲǼһֵ̨ԪıʼǱԣھĽƷҲ飬һֽ
ⳡ˵ǱǸϷȦڰһξһֵĻᣬ˱һЩܱչкܶҹcosĽɫҲǸС͵ר껪
бĶʮְ֧ҵֶ֧ʮ֧鶼ҵң֪ⳡǿ൱ͣ͵ΪЩְҵѡֺ͸ҲֻΪ֪ȣ˳øչʾһ̸ǵ裬ˡ
ɵǣǳһλϵIDСʥ̡ȻҲһλСϷȦҪ߿ɰ͸Ц·ߣҹˮƽ൱һ㣬һ˼껪֮УȻӱμӣûӮҪĿcosԼϲҹɫύѡ
ʥӺ㣬㵽ͽֹˣĶ˵Ͳˡ
ʥĶܹˣΪҹһӵĴɱϷһŮУߵǸ˽ϿǶ＼õģνܵMBGսӵ油Աںν˳MBGˣʥʥȶȡ
ʥúÿԸֱȽԲ̸*˿ϲͣ˿ŶʮΪ˵Ѿܲˣҹְҵѡַ˿ࡣ
Ͽ뿪MBGû·˿ٵÿҹûйԻҲû˾ĵ羺ֱֲֻܿǮһֱһߴͺѡ
ȦһЩСϿʮֿʥʥķ˿ǿ˯ģƾԼǸŮˣúÿô񡣵ͬʱϿ۲ʥȶȣԴӦʥμμ껪
Ǿڽ֮ǰMBGսҵϿΪνܱץƵ̣永٣νܻڹ⻨˺ܶ࣬׷ɲȸծҪΣMBG֮ҵϿ
MBGΪƲνܵĹϵ׼εAм껪ϿνܼMBGսӡ
ԣϿ߿ʥҲǡˣֱӼMBGսӣϾսӺйʣר־ˡ
ߴߣˮʹʥòУҲ޷ȥֹߴֻתͷȥԼȦڵѣǰæһ
ϾְҵӣҪôӣҪôʱҵӣˮƽβ룬Ҷְ֪ҵܵģ̬̬
ɹؼǣʥȻһ㣬ڳ϶һʱ䣬Ȼͷٵÿô۰
ʥһȦԼȦںǳãƷҲУٲ˸ӡ
ǳһνӵ룬˵ǼٵģֻһҲϧ
ǣһߵ»û㶨챨ֹͿȥμӱˣһô죿
ϰ࣬ҲԵ޹ȱϯҲú͹˾ϰٲСǣǳһķš
һǳ˵ɣûΪοصͷбԴǺѽ׼ˣúôܴɼãûҲҪȻְ֧ҵսӣ㾡ͺá
ǳԭأԥʣ㲻
ΪʲôҪһɻؿ
ҵߵĹȥԼ£㲻𣿡
һҡͷֻҪ֣ųʶû㶼û𣬵Լ˵ⳡӦúش㣬Ҳѡȥ
˵ˣ˼ôͶ»й˼˰æģȥμӱɡ
һ٣ǳ︺ûôˣȥͺʥ˵򣬶˾AУƱǮʡˡ
ڶ챨Ϣͨ췽ѱ뺯˶ӳʥʥԼǳAеһ俧ȹݼ棬뺯
ΪʱӣʥҲ˵ϡЭͬκĬǳ˵Ǹʱҵ㣬Ҳʵû취ˡ
ǳҡͷû£ͦϲģͺá
ʥ״һá
ǳǺӮ֣ǳһر磬ǳǾͰˡ
뺯ѡֱ˵Ľƾ֤һż껪ƱΪ껪ͨ볡ҪƱҪȻ᳡װôӵµġңƱҲǮĺð취ЩûǮġ
ѡֱ˵ȻƱ췽͵ƱǸѡֵҪôתˣҪôԼιۼʶһҲС
ǳȥ˼Һ󣬿ƱЩ֪롣
ô󣬲ûѣѶ粻ؼңԶˡǳѧҲûͬѧСطˣڴＸûټĻᡣ
ѵƱ
ǳվһ⣬һ˻أ
Ҫ˵ˣ趼׽ãοһռȵĹ»һأ

ǳЩᣬСӣҲûӴˣ׺ദʲôоһദѵĸо
ˣˣǳЩ꣬Ʊһŷ϶һܲˡ
Ʊ͵ˣȥȥǾһ£һ
ǳôģ˻̲ס˼롣
һ᲻ҲôϷǲҵ᲻òμ껪û˼Щɵ᲻֧ʵ￴
ʱһѹڹ˼լȥAеĹгԶȥˣ󲿷ֶǼðαӲƷ涫ݶԶһ̫
û취һֻתȥ˶ʯгʯͷ໹ԭʯСһеľͨʯͷҲܿ
һ⼸þûֱˣ·ϾͿֱֻ첻ԣֱֻʯ
һֱν׼˼Ӫ·Ҫÿֱе˻⿴ֱ̫ƵһͷһΣÿʱ䶼̣ܶÿԶ׼θڡ
һһֱ䣬̶ֱʮǧˡ
һ˵ֱݣǰŰɡ
ʯ˵Ѳɻʯͷ
о籾İɣ϶ǰֻȥˡ
ƭ˵İɣֱʯôһյǾЦ
ԤУҪˡ
һûЩĻ³̤г˻ͦ࣬гضá
еҵҲеһҹ
һģ©ġԴ֮󣬾ܸоĴڣʯȿǴӺʱγɵģ֮֮ڻģܶķͱһ͸½˺ǳĻ׹Ҳϡ
г˺٣һֻȴ٣ͷ˶ͷһҹ𡣸ʲôֱֱԼճֱܶŹеֱŵг˺һһֱʯϡ档
һһ֪Ũһֱǵطȥˡ


146 
гһŸֻҲϡ棬ûжע⵽
һֱһ˱Ƚٵ̯λ̯λϵԭʯȽӣ״죬Сǲβ룬СҲͰƴı򻹴󼸱
̯Ǹʮҵˣ̯λϵСˢƵֻŵܴ±˲֪ˢŮ衣
һûֱеǿԭʯָָ֣ʯͷѯʼǮ
˼һͲһͲ֣ѯ۸ҲȽֱףҲл϶дֵġ
пŵп֣Ըֵˣ˾㱨ˡ
Сǿľ򡣡
һʵʿеǿʵеȴС˸۱Ƚϼ򵥴ֱǮߵֱӸݴС
мʯͷֲڣеģ˱ƫߣƫ࣬۾ͱȽϸߡ
һĿ겻Ǽ飬һ˱ԭʯԴС漫ͨ
ʯ˸֣пܼȥгͨʯͷˮƯ˿ܻῪֵǮĶǮ
ֱǶ˵һ˺üʯͷǲǻӡ
̯λϰ忴һҲ֪ԷʲôȻ̬𽥲ͷ
գһָҪǿʣأ
ֻƳһۣ˵򡣡
ԭʯҲԴС󲿷ҲͨʯͷֵǮĲֿ϶ٵÿο˿ɲΪһʲôߴ˵ˣʯͷ۲ͨʯͷ
һõó򣬱Ͼ֮ǰ忪ξ׬ǣһϴӦõԭʯ
˾õɴۣΪһ˺ð죬϶ֻʲ֣Ҫһֻع⣬ѹͲһ
˵¾£ЩڣΪԼһʯͷǿͨʯͷҲû߼ۣһǮ
ϧֻͷ˵ֻ׬
һҪʱһʮͷŮˣŰ߹ֹСãʯͷɲֵŶ
Ů˿ģˣŮʿСװŰƤЬͷ󣬻ŵױ
һҡͷҾҪ顣
Ů̾ҲǸսּʯ⣬żг䣬ʯ飬Ϊ˽϶ֻ࣬һСƣͿһ䣬û뵽һȰ
ɵ׼ˣǻز˱Ůٴѵ
̯λϰһۣ˵˵һ߶ȥ㶮ӣ˼ҰѡĿѡĿ飬ôأ
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ʱ̯λǰΧ£ˣǳһֻ²ʲô죬ƯϽչ֡
Цŵ٩˵̯λϰģôͨʯͷƭ˼ҲС
ˣ⣺򡣡
һϽʯͷǮˣǮҪҵطһ¡
ϰиĹߣ黨ȥˣæпķ
˽ϧһˣ˭ûӹأʯصĲǸ
ָʯͷλãҪиһסô棬ԵС
СӲУֽʯͷ׳㲻е㣬Ķ
ͺñһƤúܵİӣҧһ㣬ܳԵڶ
һüãűԵС
˵ţһֱȻһиλã൱ԵΪǸԭʯƤء
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ĸô䲻ͷأ
˻ΪһϹèӣһ飬㿪ڵСôҲ㴦ֱӳңʮˣô
һԾõɴ۵ŮˣЦЦʮеգ˼ʮˣ
Ȼּʯⲻ£黹˽˲٣ҵʯûһôģɫ̫ˡ
ŮſڵСãҪǷĻԿǳңҲҿۣҵƬеĸܣҲ˵һ飬ڶڸ𣬶ټǮֻҪǶ̸
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һûʯͷߣ˳ֽӹ˸иܵƬ
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һŤͷԼ·ϣż鲻ԭʯֻãԭʯ̫ԽСһ̫ԭʯûǱȥ
⸱ܼȻгԺöģһ֮ģǾͰһѰɡ
ôһʯͷһͺͱ˸ͷһɣӸ߹ʱֻüѵܽһĻԿȥʮӷһʮ˵̯λǰһ״ԭʯһջ񡣡
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ǣ뵽һǰߵôһʯ
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Сˣôô׼˵ĿĿܳأ
ЩˣӦõƬԷӦҪϵʽȻԷϵһҲа


147 
һԼ˹˼ң·˼˻ͻʦͽ
Ҫвϡù˼˱ˣ˼ұϾˣȻǰҵĺö
ʦͽض顣
ǳıʢʱʦͽʱ
·ʦͽ֣ڿʦһ۾ͿǸϰľǺö
ⲻ֪屾ͦ⣬һﱧſһʯʱ۾ɴˡ
СѣĶ񣿡ɫôãһԭʯѲǹ˼ģ
֣ȵүүô˵̺
ʶΪǹ˼ģʦͽ¡
һûһۣ˵ҵģԼ񡣡
ʲôС㻹Լ循üë
һѧŴԽ²۵˵ⲻǻǲ𣿡
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һۣ㣿ľɵҲľԴ鰮۾ˣҽʲô
֣Ϊͷôǳ᲻Ҳ֪ˣ
ֻҪǸϹӣ֪ˣʦû㣬ǳɲ˼ӣ㻹Ǳ˼ˡ
ԼʦĻ֣ҲЩ⣬ֻѣûʲôøҲɣ˳һ飬վûʼʽ׷ǳˣǳҲϲ
֣Ǳ飬֪СûĻϣĲѡ뵽һ˵Щ֣ʦͽǳܻ
ʵһĻչ¶ʵǿģϾ֣ʦͽһܰһѾͰһѡ
뾡ʦˣ˼֣顣
Եʦͽһùܣصó׼ʼƣȴŷŰƴźӲֽźһƱ뺯ݡ
ҹ껪뺯ƱȥٷƱҪ80800ȣλԽԽ
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Խɻʣǳ㲻Ҳϵͳ𣿻кһϲ𣿡
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Խ߲޸ˣԴһһûδܷϵͳû޸߸ϵ
Ҳǣ󡢷޶˳ɣЩϵͳҲ޿ɺǡԴԽߵĽǶ飬˭˵׼ϵͳûء
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Ĵʦĸءףô軹ȥʲôϷ׵Ĳҵˡ
ЩˣԼӻΣڵϦأ軹˼֣ˣⲻŵӣҲ𲻵ʲôؼãֻҪھС
͵һӣ̾͹ȥˡ
˼լ֪һ뿪Ӧͬ
֣ʮʧ䣬ŮıǿˣҲûƱƱҲûʱȥøʦ¡
Ȼڴҿ˳ˣȴܿңһ⼸˯Լǳķ䶼һ൱ʩһֻԹõĽ磬ͨĹ޷ԽķΧռ䣬Ҳ޷һС
Ҫǹ˳˭֪᲻ҹ͵
ڴԽߣǺԾһϴ˯ԼȥĿˣͬΪŮ˵ûаȤ
˼˿˳ֻԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˣʮߡ
żȻ俴ѧⶫֻ޺Ĺ谭ãе㱾¶ֻᱻƣûʲôҪѧϰ
ޱȵĹ˳ֻһǳﳤȥܾﲻԾ
Ůүүģ˼ҵǮƾʲôҲƾʲôôڣô
Ȼֻǵһʶһ˳ĪӦûкܶǣֱֱʶҪһΧתҪԷֻһ
ϧˣ뿪Լ帽ͻ϶ԽԽֱͣȫزȥΪ»ҰȻǵøȥʲôҪֵһ²ɣڹϻܳȥ
һںôνȻǲǳҪġ
ǳõƱôãϾʥΪαģǷְҵ飬ʥ΢һ㣬ǳΪһְҵѡ֣ҲûμӱСõƱ㲻ˡ
һλֳ൱¿ѡֵģֻͨĻתѡֵ
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ǳʥ˻ϣغ󣬿ôıݣȻǵλڱģǶȿȥϯһ̫ԶһƬڣ߶˱ĵѡ֣ϯڡ
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ϷѡλĵĴĻǰʮλΧƳɰ뻷Σְ֧ҵڿĵλãǳڱȽϱԵλá
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ΨһһԶԱοʥ˵ǻһ㣬ֻҪǰʮоͷ
ΪڱﹶǰʮģضںĶ飬羺ľͷ˸Ķ飬ǸܵĶ顣
ǳ˵˼䣬ЩĲɣҲǳԻ뷹ģμӱҪɼ⣬ȻҲ취ۣǼ¶ûױŵǳ컯˸ƯױʱҲûױۣڸոֱǻվͿֱ˾ţܻᱻָָ㣬ٺÿˣҲᱻϵȥ
ھͷǰױøŨЩȻϾʱǳͦĽһģľǿ󣬲ױЩӰ죬ǳһֱ䣬ûٿһЩѺõۣЩΪѣһΪͷֹˮǳҲʶ˺ǰˡ
ǳԴһټϱͣǼ£Щ̫Ӧ¶ڹڵעˣ۾ʹڹϯһ
ΪĹϯϣͻȻи˵ֻףʲôǿֵһһʱ֮䣬̨Ϻܶ˶ʶǱߡ
һֵֻֻͲܣʵֻûôעһʹֻĹȺԵøҫۡ
ȫȻ۹⣬һܸŴԶĵǳã͸¶һ˿
ǳǿģӰǵʣͻȻסЦˣôƵģȺҲ̫˰ɡ
Ȼе۰ĸоǳȴ˿öˣСʱĸѧУѧؼιһͯʱڣ˴ӿ̱ĸĸ˿ɿһ߳ת˰ġ


148 
һ̫ҹϷ򣬵Ҳ֮ǰ˽һϷ
ҹȡƶȣĳھͬ
ֻûйھЩν̭˵ûôϸһܴб
µ췽˴ȫûἰݡ
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ûԤѡĶڶγһȣʣʮھʸ
Ԥѡǰʮ*͹ھ൱ˣԼļʮ֧ǰأȫĶǰʮ
ˣԤѡ龺Ҳ൱ңõһԤѡҲ൱ˡôô飬췽ܸһĶҲһǰ
췽ܸѡǲϣΪְ֧ҵս⣬˶ҵģԴְҵϣֻⳡĹھְ֧ҵս¼ǰ㲻ˣھ
û֪˹עĽǳ췽Ϣʱ۾ĹжҹĬĬ˸ǣڴĿŬǰ
û֪ǳж༤ϵͳ֪
һ֪ǳĻᣬֻҪǳסˣһá
ʥ֪ǳĿôԶڸλԱǰԱҹϾǴɱϷô֧飬⿿ƽʱʵĸľִǲеģΪҲѸɱһӣľ϶Ȱܡ֮
༸V˫սϷֶ֧ͬ෽˵ıʵǻֹۺıʤһ
ʥĿǹõΣڳԽã¶ĻԽࡣǶһֱսһֱӣòɱ˵ͷҲûϵֵܷΣÿܶ¶ͺãĻ̫˺
ǳԼ뷨֪ʥģʥǶӳ˼ҵĺ⣬ֻԼ뷨ʵʵʥָӣɡ𣬾һֱһЩԴƶҰѰʣľеܲͷܵͼ˴ŶǸߵȼĻͷһ棬һӵԷܰԼֱӻǳȴֻܴһѪ
ǳ̾ȻҰʺģһֱҰҲײȦĵˡ
ɱϷսҪƾǶȦƣڵͼˢ°ȫȫʱ׶α仯СȫжڶһֱѪֱʹ˽ȦȦ·ϣԼһȦСİȫѹռ䣬ҾͲò
ǳҲԱߵʥһɣʱʱһȦһȦĹϵ²µȫĿλã滮Ȧ·ߣͱĽȦײϡ
ǳƽʱɢǷϣʵȤóϷ棬θУȻ˵Ҫսǰʮǳͻ뾡취
һעǳһһϷǳƽʱȫͬ࣬Ŷѹڶ£ʱ崿ƻһˡ
ϲķҲ˾裬崿װġʵϣװģҲں˿ѷˣҵһʹԺǰ˸ҵ
ԷǳԼ̬Ҳ˺ܴ仯ıѵѾǰʹˡ
ֻ˺ܶ£һͷۣ巢Ϣܻع˼լһڣаȫУȴ˵±Ͼһæģһʲôæһʮ˼ҿܲϡ
Сӻͦˣ֪һĶںֻںǮ׼һҪЮһ
һҲֻ壬˵ߵæԻȥһжע塣
֣ʦıƽʦȴֻܸ̾оһԹ˼ҵ̬Ⱥܹ֣˼Ȩ֮ңνˣҲòϾ˼ҲֻǮȨ˭µˡһ̬ȴģ˼˵ûаϵԹ˼ҵ̶ȣֱеԹڡ
һ򵥷壬ͼעˡ
ܣһҲΪʲôÿжܣڶᱬУЩ˵Ѫֻע̨ʽȦǳ
ȻǰΣǳΪûи֣û˹עproѡ֣һͷûС
±ͷѡֵ⣬ҪĻϷ棬˵һ㶼ϵӽǣܾ
ǳûдܣв˵ѡ־ͷˡ
ʥƽʱҲǶԹе⣬ǿǰʮʱİȫѾǳСˣǳȦһ·ϱܿ˺ܶȦֱ˵ǱٵĶ顣
ѾǵȦĸȫˣȫС黹ʣʮӣôսⲻϱĶ顣
ڣǳڽһȫʱһӸմһӵMBGսӡ
αְ֧ҵսӣMBGACսӣǱҿõĴܽھʸĹսӡ
֧սȻҲְҵսӣսһֱô롣ĩβְҵսӣҵҲײҵ顣
ǳʵǵùǲʣʮְҵսӣһսMBG
ϷнɫƤƤҹȻϷҲһЩɫ趨ѡͬӢ۶ӦͬļܡȻвͬӢۣЩӢ۾Ƥ׬Ǯ
μҹٷھͳǰʮĶ飬ܻñרĽɫƤ
ԣǳ˿ǽȦ·ϵˣһɫƤ˲֪˭ˡ
ˣְҵսˣǸƤMBGԱõģעҹϷȦʥ˵Ȼס
ʥһҧһðյľһԱסMBGľߣǳȡȦʱ䣬ǳϿԸǵĵߣǺƣϷƣȦ󸴻ǡ
ҹϷƺȤȻҴܣҲҸĻᣬܶһֱظɡûϷ顣
ͽɽڲûգǳǵϣͼˡʥ˵
ǳεЦЦʵãǵλƣһսʵԴġ
ֻʥѾˣҴʱͻȻMBGģMBGȿľ֣⧲Ѿըˣʥһŵһһէһ߶һ߰ѾcpuˣǳҲûкĻᣬֻܷܣȦڡ
ⲻ֪MBGһǳǽȦ˼ûУֱýɫܣ룬һ϶µǳ
MBGսԱǻɱʥĶѣϷϽǾͻʾɱߵIDȻϳʥսӡ
Ͽԥһ룬Ǿ׷ɱʥĶǣŵΪʥʱĶѣ϶ҲǸСˮƽǳһ㣬ͷֺ֣ǳԶˡ


149 ʵ
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ǳĽɫԺܸߣܹٵüתλãҹһϷһɱϷԾиĻɱʱ䡣
һɱ˲ɱ󲿷ʱлأټϸӢۼɫĻ͸
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MBGţҲȷʵʵ˶ְҵѡֻ֣Ͽ
ʥ飬3V3ϣMBGҲ£οʥսֻʣһǡ
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ǳӢ۵ĽŲڷսǴϿѾͨλֱԷλã׼ǶѾԤ׼öԷ¶λá
ȻϿܹսǣȴûԸսǺǳֻһӰͷϻžһѸٵľϿӽѾܿ󣬿ϧˡ
ǳһӵϻӵʣ͸Ͽɱ
ϿӢ۵£׵ûһôĻŹ
ĻϽʾϿϢȫѡֺȫڶܿ
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ص˻ܱҲΪԵĶѵӵ
ǰᶼǵ߸жѣϿ̫ţ嵽ǳϣѺдԼʮܸϵľ룬룬㹻ǳɱԴˡ
ңǻƣֵ÷ֻƣһ֣ʮ֧飬ǰʮ2ֽ֮ÿһ2֣Խ߼ӷԽࡣ
һǻɱ֣˼壬ɱһ˾һ֣ɱָɱǻûлɱ㣬󱻻ֱ߱һӻҲ֡
ԣǳֶǣ˹ס÷֣ɱϿܶһһ֡
ңϿѻûѸٲɱԴ·ǰ
٣ʥһôΪġ
ǳϵû˵ûвɱϿѸ뿪ֳ
ʥˣǣҪ·Ҳܰɣͷһһ֡
ʶӣʥʶͷ̸Ŀڡ
ԴǳϿϢԾϽǣͷеǳߣŸʥһӾͷʥѾûˣ˱Яʽѣɴ꣬ͷĹڻӻ֡
н˵Ц˵뵽ʥãȻòö˵ľУһMBGսӵϿأ鷳ͷλľС
Ϸľַǿһᱻ˳ΪľУľŮͬ⡣
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˭֪ͷйȥǳӳĻ
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ֱֳһըǳ𣿡
ƭҲ
вɣ˼ҳˣνðǳƭģƭУȻݵĻˡ
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ǾǣϾʥÿˡ
ʥǳ±ǳͷ𣿡

˵ЦʱӲûľгƺǳľӲҡ
ֳ˵ʲôӰǳϷľͷҲǳ뿪صϿûãϿѾ͸ϵˣְҵѡ֣ԮʱǳԤĻҪ̣ǳһ͵ñԷһ
MBG˸ϵһȥصϿһȥǹֹ͵Ϯ
𵹵ضѻҪʱ䣬̶̵ļʱǳͻȻԭ·ˣһ룬Ͽһ˾ȶѣһ˼ľ֣ٴνǷֳһһһһ
ǳͼľһһԼһѪԷء
˵ĶѸϿͷһѵأѪѹ
ǿֱˬ죬ǳľַ̫ӲˣMBG1V1ʤ㶼һϡ
µľַ侲׼ͻˬɱָУϷһҲ⵽һǿˬ졣
MBGսѾˣǳȴô˵ѶѾˣȫԼռϢƶսԣ˹ͨҲûɶ
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MBGķ˿һָǳգʵϣҹϷȦǷǳĴ򷨣͹䡢յȸմߣֻһĴ򷨰ˡ
ֶֻһЩϷbug˵ģա
泳òɿϷMBGԱѾˡ
ձϿѪֻѪƤڰ¾͵֡Ҳȷʵˣǳû֣ӽλãϿûҩͱٴλ
MBGΨһվŵĶԱ뷿Ҳը˼ףûը
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ˣǳһ̭֮˱ڵְҵսMBGͷֵͬʱһ֡
Ƿˣ⼸ְ֧ҵսӱ񾭣ҲĻϷĻɱǳIDֺܶΣһ̭MBGֻҪɵӶῪʼǳ
ʥҲ˲ϰposeˣŴɢȣȫûԼֵİ
ǳMBGɱˣ
ʵ𣿰˰ˡ
ǳûʥĴ꣬ǴӳɺеMBGսѳ̨ԼЯʽѸ
ʥжӯΪܲ䵽ոǳMBGһСͷ㲻ˣ˭뻹ܽǰűǳ
ǳͱָӣʥһʶǳʵǲһΣɴøԼ࣬ǰŻ䵽ôྵͷѪ׬ˡ
ǳָӺǽ֧飬MBGսӺܷʣǳѹʣһҹϺüףϺľֺԴһײӣǳʥ˾͸˺Ͳľֻ֣Ҫ֤ǳʥ˶ˣǳҲܰɱٰ
ϧMBG⻹ְ֧ҵսӣһ֧ǳɱ̭ǳʥһʵʵ̫ڰȫԽԽСԽԽٵ£ԷǳһķʽҲţǳһһĻᡣ
գǳսӱACս̭ġ
ְܹ֧ҵսӣΪǰ嶼֧սӰˣ˭룬ʥ֧սӾȻŵģְ̭֧ҵսӺ֧սӡ
˵Ϊʵȷʵ̫ǳûµһûǰĵּ̭ĶӵĻɱ֣սܷϣֱӼǰ
սֲֹһ֣ǳøֻܽŴ
Ӱϣ;ϢСʱǳܷġ
鶼ǳ㣬Ǿʵ̫Ķѣֱ˸ǳϣͻлǳġ
ʣǳ㣬ҲǵȶĹھûܱǳ£ҹ볡ʧ֮ۡ
ǳźͬʱҲ˿õʥĶ黹һ϶̫ʹˡ
Ȼ·ֹһǳĶȻûȡǣǳʵȴΪαõ˼ع⣬սӶǳʵǱ׳֦


150 
ʥȥμcosǳЩôȤ뿪
ߵڴͿһվڳڣֻڸ˭Ϣ
ǳһŤͷӻ֣ߣҽ˾ǡ
ʱǳרעû˼ģȽˣŷԼֽŶڷ
ǳһԼʶְյͷ𵽶¶ӣʹܿһӡ
ǳɵسһڴ꿩ˡ
һ룬һ˲䣬񿴼ķ硣
ǳԸķ̫һķ֪ǳûа֣22ǳû³أҲûഺŷļ飬ֻʱǷϣҲɥ
ǳѾãһΪһֱǸӣȴû뵽ֻһûеǳڱ󣬳һʱ¶滺Цݡ
ҲôʱǳһʱȻһţһʱ˿
úܲһЦſ佱һְ̭ҵսӣʵɼһߣα֮Ӧûսɡ
ǳ⻰ϲҲûжǫĵУͷǵȻÿ춼ء
һʱȽ϶࣬ǳҲϱʼǱԣÿ춼ڳ
ĿǰûӣʹԼĺţȡסλãλԽǰõóֵʵԽҫۡټ羺⿿ֱҲϷԾֻ¼ģ¼ľʻȤ棬Ƶǳʵϲֻһ
һ˸еĻǳʱ䣬һ¼ֱҲѡ˼Ļ棬һ˺ŻԼС˺ŷ
һֱ٣̷УÿǳͷƵæӪһ˺ţֱ֮˲ٷ˿
ö˶һ˺ŷƵܲŶӰװӪʵԡ
ɵж٣һ˺ŵķ˿ԽԽʵ
Щһ֪ģһֻǳĹʣӪλֹ͸öݹʣǳ£һ
֮ҪսӴְҵһʡ
ǳŰһվ·һ˾ͷۼ껪ҹӣĬĬ˿лĻһ򡣡
һͷͦõģսҪѵԲӪ˺źͼƵԽңҿеʱѧ
ǳգۣ·ƵĹ˸ɶ˳־͸ˣ鷳ܸɡ
һ򴽣Ҹӹʣһ򡣡
ǳõɴۣ򣿡
ҪûԹûǮĿ࣬ò˼ڵ۷⡣
ǹʵأ˼ҵĳͣǰ˼˾ڿŹ˼ҹܼңܼҺһشߴٵС㣬ˣүүǱլǵҲȥ
һͷѹ֣ղŸ巢Ϣû˻أԭǳˡ
ǳɴۣʲôϽ
һɬѾˣǡҲȥ
趨Ǵںܶѧ޷͵ĶʵкܴͬﻹиרŴȻ¼Ĳţֻһֻ˲֪
ǳͻȻʲôѹ˼լǹ
ȻûЩǳһĹֻͣڸԿĽ׶Σʲôħ׽аһ뵽ܻµͷƤ顣
һǳһۣ˵ҼƵס£һ绰㡣
ǳӲҲŴǲ˵ˣҾ͸ȥʶôڻˣ
һӿǳǳ˿飬ǹ̹˵һϰ壬ϰɲöԱİȫ
һǰǳˣΪ˰ȫһǳһʱϣһֲԾĬһ
ǳֺ棬ⶫôܿƮڿеĹ˳Ѿ漣ˣȻʹ÷ֽ
һϹ˼ҵĺ뿪ⲻ֪ǶϺıӰƬѾ·ϡ
źüµǳһǴթƭ񿪹ҵһϵз粨ǳٴγҹȦֻΪһ̭MBGսˡ
ǳңһôܴùְҵѡ֡ɺܿ챻α췽ҥıе豸׼ģÿѡֳЯ裬ʲôܴ
Һܶ趼췽ƷƷģǳңЩƷƷײƷ
˵˵MBGûνܣƨǣһҵŮҶ򲻹һˡ
ϿķҲһȵ˹ȵףⱾMBGĵһս֤أˬԼʥȴʥĶѱɱ
ǣһֱǳһ̭MBGͻƿھϿڶڵĶλľУ1V1򲻹ҵ
MBGڿҪҪˣǸպϿǩĺͬҲôͻԼǣMBG滻Ͽǲ˵Ͽֻ˵Ͽ油һֱʡԼܲˣְͲսӻԼˡ
ô˵ϿȻͻƿڣMBGԱıҲ൱ãõǵһֽͱһʹ
ôݣҲѵĻ
Ƿ׷MBGƮˣΪҹھòͲרעˣҵ򲻹ֱǲ˵ˡ
MBGķ˿ܲǳſڵȳǳһŮ˿ŵĺ
ƬѸٷϣǣŮְҵսӣ֣ǡ֡
˼ҹܼͲʮǹεˣͿȥСˣ˾ҲǳصˣȥʮǰţòŮˣѸپͱ汾
ҪЩ˳ǳMBGɱǻѣǧټƣΪҵǳĿɽΪŮ˿ͨĻֶӮʤΨܿʵ
ⲻ֪շȶȻûϣͱ¡
ֻΪƬﱩ¶Ĺ˼ҳƣҵĹطֺ󣬵һʱɾ
СµȻǲ͵˼ǰȥģΪͣҲͲȥ
ʱĹ˼˼תլͣ˺ܶƺñֶγȥ
һյͷֺҹĹ˼լϷűȺҹڵŨ
ӣռ˹˳Ǹ»꼫пѾˡ˳ˣ治򵥣ܸôص˵вǳ
Խôһ͵ģһֻһ䣺ڵʵܴù𣿡
Խ߳ˣһʵԭ磬һ㶼һΪ粻ͬʵкܴˮ治˵һ򲻴ù
һԽü˼ı飬֪һЩ֡
ǣһһ³ͽǳؼңߣۻؼҡ
ǳʶӦһõġ
漴Ӧʣǻؼңˣ
Ĺ˼ҹܼɫҰףС㣬ʲô˼Ǽүүأ


151 첿
լſھְ취ĳְԱһ
ΪһʮҵŮˣ߸һһŮˣǴźһ㾯ȫͬĻҺɫսŵĲľ֣ǸԵķһ֪ЩǸġ
ؾԭᵽ첿ţһֻмٲ˲֪Ĳţרоѧ޷͵Ĺ¼
ʱ첿ŲǴȥˣ˼鷳첿ŵĸ࣬˼ұϾAкţǱ߸˶ݵ֮ңȻܵĹעչˡ
ңͷǳӹ˼ҵ£˼Ҳйϵҵ첿ţ֮ǰ첿һֱû֣Ҳй˼Ҷ
ڹүӶˣ첿֣˶ҲסˣΪҪˣǹ˼ҿɾˣ֪һʱóٷټٵ
ϸ˵˶͹˴󲮶ǵһ̳ˣΪǲǹĶӣǹֶӡˣŲûиĸżŮ̳УǾֻܸԼֵܣĴҲǹ*͹˴󲮵ĸף˻ء
ܵ˵˻൱鷳Ųù˼ҲðAжΪϵĻҶֶ
첿ĸΪ˼ģ֪֮ԭѾЭ᳤ȥˣҲ档
嶼棬ô͵ΪԼµİΣǣǽ˼׺Ķʧ󣬻ǺԼʧ
Σգ޹˵鷳ҪۼԱ߹ɢȺڡ
ܼҸæסͣǲ˵ȣλСʦæġ
һ˳첿ɢ뿪˵أܼô첿첿ԱǷ׷׿һ
ʵڴԽߺһǰȴʵ׵ĴʦѧȦ˭˲֪˭˲
˵Ϊŵľûм첿ˣڵĲ˵
塰롱ģһ롱֣һ¾ͱܿһ첿˵ע⡣
ģȦϲдʦȦһ
԰ɣҲ̫ˣӦʶġ
ܼҶ켱ˣæͣʦⶣģһκβ⣬һҪҵСæҲֻа취ˡ
˵Ŀһϣһ˵ûа취
ܼҵɴۣǮôܲأ
һüûǹ˼һǮ
Ǯ˵ܼҧǴʱ͸ŹģԹмӣҹҪˣĹ˭һ˼Ȩ˻ò˵
һüӦʮȷʵû⼸˽ù˼ҵĳٷûܹ˼ʲôǮƣԭʯǻԼǮ
ʮ򡣡ʮԹ˼˵ٳǮԹܼ˵һʲСĿ
ܼȴԥתˣһ޶ԣޱתˡ
Խ߲ɵøпû뵽ܼһͦĵġ
һΪ⣬ܼҺȫ飬Ƕ裬ԽߵĳΪǰڴԽ߲δҹݣܼȫǸͨؿɿ׷ŮĻƱڴԽˢøжȡ
һܲ⣬ܼҺ͹˼ǩͶͬôֵūһԼļͥˣԹҵĺ꺮ůĹҺӵԵ
ڣܼ༸ʮ꣬Լ׬Ǯޡӻûôܣȸ˼ҵ渶ˡ
ԭԽ߻ڼܼҺѸһԣܼҾͶԴԽߺкøУڡүүǰ˵ٴԽߵĺû
һɲҪ˵ûҲðԷԡ
ȻǮһǴȥƣټ֮ҪʮһһǮ׬ɵӡ
ԱʹɫԱѹоȣǰʣλСæģ
һͷţ廹Ƿʮ³֮¼
Աһ屾˵罻˺ţҴ¼һ̬Ȼʮֿ
ԱͷЦݵһСʲô취ǽȥҪʲô𣿡
һⲿԱ̬ȻУٱԱ߼¶ɺͲм˺öˡ
Աһʶɫܲÿʣ಻𣿡
һеģ˭Щ
һҡͷû£Һϵ̶ֳȡ
ԱǱ߿ȥ۵ͷʾܺһЭ̡
Ա˿ݵǸ˵ֻҪСܰæǸһЩķҲ취ϡ
һͷӣ첿˻ѺããԼˣǾֻҪɢͨȺڡ
ԱʣҪǸȥ𣿡
һҡͷã
ԱŤͷǳǳգۣһȿȣ衭㣬Ҵˡ
νʵһǳĶ
棬ǳ㺰һֻ֣ܽ㣬衣
һͷǳլȥ
ԱߵߣĵʣλҲ̫ˣܳ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ȻϼһģҲе㱾£ȲҪǵ˰æǷʧȥɢȺڣϵǱߣù˼ҵˣAгκ쳣ƾվ죬ϵӪŽڸǹȥ
߰׵ͲԱլ棬Ϊᷢʲô޴Ķֱ峿լǳ
첿ûпһ֣Ҳû˵ϢðȻȥլ顣
ǵһʼִլʱ򣬾Ѿ˵оլźʧԽȫϵϡ
ȥͽȥˣϹǽһִӱķ߳լ
˼լø԰һʧ߳а
첿ԱŽլȴһЦá
ϱʱԣӦõȵһٶ֣ΪҪʱҲʮһ㵽賿һ֮䣬ʱʢȻΣЩȴǰ˳ػʱ
ûȵʱͷ⡣
彻֣Ҫǰ˳׼ˮڵĻ˯˭Ļǡ˳ĻǾͻ˯޷֮ʱʱԣӦҲỺܶࡣ
֣ˮϸ汻͵˶ƻЧãֻ֪ˢҹֱǳĻ¸ֱ֡
֣ѻ˲֪ʲôˮ˳£˳Ϳʼ﷢һֽ衣
ŵ֣Ͻ壬׼ֽľȷأȥһɫɷס
Ҫѹڹ˳ĻǣӳһƷȴһƿĽˣƷ˳ıߡ
鷳ǣ˳ͬʱһԵԼ
ӣ˳øˣһ¶ʹ̵ı飬һֿʼЦ
Цļ϶˵Ļ˳Ǹ»걻ѣ֪аˣѹ˳ĻץҪаǾ͵ð͹˳һûɢ
˵ˣҪǾֻ˳Ļһɢ
˼լĹǽ磬Ǳµģµģ˳Ĺ»쳣ǿѺһߺ͹˳壬һɱ˼ˣ졣
µĽǳæΪ˱ԼΪ˱ˡ
ȻҲլĴҶסˡ


152 ̸
˼ˣʲô˾ķһķ
֪˳屻ռݺҪɱ䣬ɢߣҪլլ̫󣬶ұ˽磬ȥֻܽ壬ΪģҲû˿ˡ
൱׺嶷ʱ壬֮£ֻ֣ܡ
լ󣬴󵽼¥ķס
Ұ¥£ƻ˶¥һķ䡣
Ϊ巢֣һķ侹ȻĽ֮ڵһУ˵ȻûкǿĹЧȴܺܺõڸסǵ٣ΪܳȥˣϸѲ
ҪѲ飬ӦҲô׼ҵһΪһķڹ˳丽о仰ΣյĵطȫĿǰѡû
ΪǶһķһʱֲǲ
ʱ䣬ҲΪȡϣһһ¥ʱ˶񿴵˾һ
ι𣿡һ֪йȴһ㲻ע⡣
Ȼһ¥Ϳһ
ʶһ˳ڼ䣬һֱڳ˯Ҳ˯Ҫ֣ˮҲ֪˼ץ
¥˯ˣ𣿡
һŹ˳壬ȴʮȻ
Ƕɱˣһʡ
ЦôأҪɱ϶һӳط
һһˣµģµġ
ǰɡһ赭д˵
·ʲôЦЦųһ˹ļһ̲ܵƣֱӷɵһǰ
ֻϧһ̧־һƣһŻƷֱȭͷ
ƶȭͷ˭˭ӮԲ£ȴһ˺ü
ǻƷŹ̵¶ȣյ죺СѾͷе㱾¡
һûֱ¥ȥ
״һķɹһԴһΣ¥Ϲȥ
˳屻ˤõϣ˵ʹĲǿİˣһĻƷɱ̫ǿоԼĻǸŹ˳徹ȻƷյˡ
ʶǰŮ˲ǣҲЦɫ֪Ӳ
һڶ¥㿴һۣ˱ڸϢķ䣬ķ䣬Ҳ̫֪ȥ
ﲻֹһµĽϵƣ㣬汻һ˻䣬±ҵֵܵ
һߵǰʣǻ𣿡
ӹǲãܵ·϶˾ģˣҲ֣ġ
֣Сӣ治ף㹻ġ
һ졣оˣ֣һһʵҲǶһˡ
֣ţ֣һʵѹͲһˡ
Ի˵ֶǧ򻯣еĹװˣװʶˣһ㿪ţǻӦ˶ԷԷҵģɱ㡣
һüǷģ
˻ţһĿľʹﵽˣ岢Ϊûãһסȫլ޹ˡ
Թǿúܣ治֪˶Ķġ
˶嵱Ȼ׽϶Ĵʦе㱾¡
ȷ˰ȫһתȥ
£֪һ¹֮ת䣬ʼլĴء
һ˰죬׷ˣһ¥ɳϣһ輸һţҲɱ㣬ֻ˼ҾȻع˳ٶȥһĽŲ̫ãĻûȹ˳ȹ̵ȥ滹һѧˣܶȥ
ʱ㻹ǵӣǾֻܺ͹˳ͬھԸԼĻȥ˳𣿡
һ⻰٣첿ѾʱѾ޵ţʿǣСආҲһЩɹƭб¡
⵽˼˵ĴУҲѹһ÷˵Ҫô˵ɽָ׳أΪ١
Ȼ˶кôҲл޷ѹô˵ȴӴܵʱɱˣ㹻оĿֻˡ
ԣ첿棬Էһʱ˳ûбɾô첿ͻȡǿƴʩĽǲֵң˳Ҳһˡ
һ˳͹úܣһʮҲӰ졣
ԣһԸ̸С
˵ģʱӿľƹս¶һԴ۾ѪĶǹ˳Ѫǲۡ
һͷƭұ
Խ߸Ͻֹ޵֮˿ɲ˵⻰Ӧġ
һһۣҲƭͺˡ
ǳܺ¹˳ǷѪ۾ȻָףɫƤúõһˣӲӰĽʬ˭¡
ھƹ̽ͷ̽Եӣǳôһ˿أ
Ҳǳÿǰ½ִַ򲻹һӣһһ·׷ǰ˺üŻƷյⶼˣһɿζϾ׼ӺڣʲôȾɫĽʬ
ɲʲôŵֻǾãǸŮɳϣܿɿ
ǣӾƹ߹Ҳɳϣ̲סɳƤСпܰƤġ
һŶԷԹأǣһĹ
˵ɣҪſ뿪˳塣
Ц˵ʲôй˳壬Ͳҵ𣿡
һüϸԷƿʱһʶ϶Ⱥܸߣֻ˳һЩԲܽǲȵĹ˳
ֻվǹռ˹˳壬ù˳Զɹ»꣬޷صԼҲûܾáΪԹ̫أڹ˳Ҳ˼죬Թѹ壬𽥽һʬ
˹;Զ䲻ˣһʱռ˵壬ҲվὫʬ塣
˭ģҪ㲻˳壬㻹Ҳа취һ
ʲô㿪Цأ㲻ǹ˼ɱҵ𣿡ЦһЦĵƿʼͣ˸ĻԵøɭ
ǳ׻µģ˶ʮ꣬һôӴϵ򶨶ά֣ʶһ߿һļˡ
һŤͷǳɨһļĲ׵ˣŵòᡣ
һ̧־ҪŵһԼС˼ҲˣҲˣǳûôˡ
˵Ӧס
ҪǲӦھͿԿʼˣץ㣬͹˳
ü֮ܺᡣ
ҪҰ廹˳һһҪ󡣡
һüôҪô֪࣬˭ռ
ҵҵĸĸܰҵǣҾʹӦ廹˳
һԵǹ˳壬͸ݣʵʵ˵Ҳܱ֤һҵҪҵĹҴӦ㣬ᾡȫ㣬ҵĸ
ͷҲףӲ磬Ǵ򲻹ˣù˳ΪԼȡһ档һ᲻ᷴڣⲻ˵ûѡ


153 
һһЭȻڿеģǳ˶¥ϣ֪
һķ䣬һȺѾòɿ
˵ľҪȥæ֣˵ôص˾ͲҪϹ͡
֣ԼҲȥæ˵Լ̫ǳﲻæ
ˣһҲǰְţһ̬ȡ
ˣΪһæģȥһСﶪǶʲôңܱһ˵ǿ˵һ˴򲻹˾ʹأ
֣ټϸȰ˵廹ûܳȥȻҲӲջǱ˵ˣΪ˵ʵԼҲе¡
һȺֱһţҿţΪȷһٰһ
ڽ类һˣ첿˽ŸˣȺ˲Ÿ߳䡣
Ѿǵڶˣûûˮһ죬ͷۻϼһǲһڵϡ
˱ҽԺȻˣʱܵҲô
˳Ȼ壬ڻ̫ãһʱҲѲһﶪ˿Ź̻񣬲ʹĻǺ޸
첿ԽںԺҵ˯ľ죬ǱסģҺûȻҪǰСѱ
ţ첿˾ҵ˿ŵһһ˼ݲ裬ɼǽˡ
첿ѯʱһ治ɫѵ˳ĹҳˣѾȥˣͻ¥вҷЩˣǷ˵ǹٰģ鷳ȥаɡ
ǰһĲԱЦã˼ôôС
漴Աȥѹ˼˸ȳ£һúġ
һǶòģˣҲ˾ʮ꣬д˵ڻǶġ
ԼƽʱȲϵ裬űݲַһһ
ථ裬Ҳɨȥ˱ֻǵЦʣСʵǰǴæˣ㣬ǲ֪ҪôֻҺѱ֤˼˵İȫ
һ̲˵Ǯ֣˼µģֻǾҷ֮ˡ
ͷʾͬ⣬һʣС㲻֪ʦӺţҾδ˵㡣
һʵش𣺡ָҵһɢޣɣöˣҲʶҵġ
üɢޣͷѧɢޣ
ʣԭˣǲ֪См첿뷨첿ܲģԱбƵģһ𣬽ڼո
һû뵽һھȻǸӣһΪԷ̽ϸڣٸʵ׵Ļпһķ
Ҳ˾һ˵ɵʱ򣬾֪Է뱻̽˽ǱһԵ̬һ첿
˵첿ͬΪ֪енʸһ١һ㲿ԱĹʻһЩ㹫Աߣ˵Ҳнǧ𲽡
Ϊ첿һ㲿Աܼ첿һĴڣ汾µˣȫһˣɱһĹԱС
ԱŸɣ첿Աȴȱĸλȱ첿ҲȱĵĵʲôħֶС
ԿһҲΪһ˼µʵֶΣܰһнǿһλɶõ˲š
ֻϧһûм첿뷨ֱ˵ؾܾ롣
漰ʲô֯ʲôеˮǳˡֻҪ˶ĵط϶ٲˡ
ԭ첿ҲʮŽᣬʹԽ߶ֹìܣһɲۏˮ
ܾˣҲûһύһϵѣԺ˻ϵϰæҲС
˻ϵʽžͿ¥֣˸ġ
峯֣Ӳ˵ӽʦͽֵΪֹûô಻ͽܣ´Ĵ⣬Σ֮ҲˣԼȥ˵ԺҾͲˡ
ɻؿ壬߹ȥѯʷʲôˣҶڴ֣ڹܼҲ£һʣС㣬Ҽҳôˣ
֮ǰвһµĹǣһʵĿ࿴ԼİΣںôˡ
һָָɳһŻڻеĹ˳˵ûˣѣпĹ̻񣬱Ūˣ˿ŵ㣬ҲȥˣһŹ̻ʮҪòϣҲԲܲѾͿԼ컯
һţ壬һȳһ߹ǿ˳һõɴۣ͵ͷʮһôСҲʹĴָһضǿ϶ǲģһ⣬עĹ̻滹ŷ䣬ʮˡ
ЦŸлҪҪҪǮСֻܿ۾С
һŹ̻˹ʮĳҲʮһ˼ҹܼǶҲʮȻܼҲȥһǮ϶Ҫġ
һջķᣬһϺõԭʯһ˲ʯһʮ򣬹һˣٺܳһʱ䣬һΪա
ǳһԿòס࣬Ǯô
ʵǸǮ죬ΪһӴ˶ǳ߼ǮǮˡһѧˣ˿ռʮ飬еԵҵҲֻռٿ顣
иҵˣ׬Ǯȷʵ۲ͬͨҵߡ
˼ҵ½꣬һͲڹ˼ҶǡǳǱ֮ҲûʲôͻʰͻBС
廹ڹ˼ƺ󣬸˳Щɶġ
һŷһ鲻Ҫ˳˿һòϵı߽ϣŷҲֻΪ˱аû뵽˹˼һֹܷá
֪һµģǲҪЩúӶڲСӻˣõúܣҪǹҪ񣬲ȻԼá
Ǳˣʮ飬ƽʱаܻҲ
֣Ͼʦͽϵ֣ڵڶ˻Bеķɻֻǹ˼Ұ˽˷ɻԼۺջƱ
ʦΪʲôôֺáͽһʱǶõľʵҲˣûһһ˾Ͱ㶨ǳȥѽ
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һ˹˼ҵ˽˷ɻǳغ۾ûֻʹϢʾ
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ңĿǰڵսŮְҵѡֵ֮٣˻ȥѰҼ߳Ůң˶Թǳ
ֱǳA࣬ȱ˲ŵսӿʵ׷׳롣
˵սӻŮѡ֣ΪѡѾŶӼˣǸҪȥŮѡ֡
ǳսǳһ֧൱սӡACսӣAڣ̭ǳսӡ


154 
AŶڶACACҲսˣھֻϧûMBGãڹڵҲС
ACսӲMBG油ԱACսܹˣһԼ˵εĽǸǳǳϿңACںǳĽ﷢ǳϵ򷨼ȱӣ֮ġ
ǳΪǸûᣬǺܿȥμACս˽°ŵԡ
һǳ˼٣һûֱʱǳҲͷżû
һжߣǳACսӣԸְҵ羺·һÿһοԽԽ࣬ĻܵĹҲԽԽ࣬ΪֱҲԷɿٶ
ͺ˿һӹúһԴ˺ŷ˿ʮ̱Ҳ硣
˴ѿе֪ˢֱһˣÿˢ*ʤֱ仹һĻƷ
ƷͲ˵ˣһǧһ򲻵ȵļǮһ׬١˵ǻСľͺ׹һҲƴһʮ򲻵ȡ
Ȼû˼ô󣬵һ˵ҲһʲСĿ
Ҹ충缸鶼Ҫ˽裬ƴգһһ￴ùһĺӣ̾뷽跨ˡ
ҲһסĶҵҵĹ˾ȥҹ˾ǰֿ֣òС
ͬʱ˻ҵһЩý屬ϣѳƵǴˣȻҰŮߣһŮṴ̊Ľ٣Ҳס֮ˮøˡ
ִ֮ˣΪΪҵһȻһĵط̨Ѱ׽Ŀ
ֱᵽңBе֪ȿɸˣ̱˰ѽĿ¼ϣĴٶȿɱȵӽĿҪˣܿBһ룬ȫԹѶ֪¡
Ǯ˵òϻһǧ𣬽أΪǮֳһˡ
ؼǣҾ㰭ѹһҲûΪһԴҺ󣬾ûкһǰһĵ绰ʱŷȫ˶һˡ
ºˣ¹˻ˣϵһ
⾰ؼңԣͷְ͸ı鶼ãæʣôǣǼʲô𣿡
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϶һֺãһ֪汾£ȹ˼Ҽ̳˹˳Ȩ˹һҲѹһʵ͸˼һʱûץݺ˳ˣԺ˵Ѱһʱ򣬺һύĺôԶȵöࡣ
ֱĸ߹ܷһҪǩһֳҲûϵ
֮ǰһϵȥһ֣һˡ
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ʱʵϰڿҪҶСΪ˳ϣӧȥǩһ
˸ˣһ̬ȹȻһˣÿҶС̬ϣһһ澵ӣϣҲ
ҶСǩһԼҲ˳ͨʵϰڣΪʽԱ
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ҲǼǳԲǴ򣬵һαһڣΪܴһɵζ˵̣Ǻ̸ָ㽭ɽ
һӦǩԼΪˣù˾ףҶСߵĹֶһʼ˵̡
ҪһôǰһһֱÿֱʱСʱΪÿֱֱʱҪ֤Сʱϡ
ЩҪһһֱӾܾܲвһ˵ǹ˾ҪһСﲻأ͵öѧ
һҪǻܾʹø߶ΥԼв
һûоܾתͷҵҶСߣҪµϵʽְ
һҶС߾ɹ˾߹ܸ˵Ĺ˾涨ȫһΥԼҲһΥԼ´˾
һһֱһεˣеʱȥ˾ҲȱǮʦ
Ľְֵ˾߹ȥ߹յ˹ܹ˾ģ˭µôûѰСҲְˣ򱻵ȥһࡢ鷳ǮٵĸλûþԼܲˣְˡ
ҶСʽһߵĹǲŻܣҶСߴ˾һǸӽһʽ˺Լϵ
ϵҪ׬ǮģһȽϸߵ߷ֳɣһߣƽ̨Ҳһ֮ǰһһιԵֱƵʸߵҪ
϶һֱʱû̫ƣҪÿٵ쿪ֱ쿪ֱʱ٣һ¶άͷ˿
һ㣬һûоܾ
ΪҲ֣ԽԽ࣬ܵԼΪͻͽһܺõźţʵһܵİġ
ȦͽȦǧԹϵȺڣ󲿷ֶû˵һĺֱġһǧ𡱼֣¡
ЩеǳԹȺڣеķ˿һʱһϾǧһǶġ
ⲻ֪ԼҲСżһһֱΪģΪһǷ˵ںҵ
ȻͽԼԭ͵һΪʲô𽥱һÿֱľʲô˿㵽˿ŵĽΪ˷ҹʱĲǨʲôΪǹѲݺдλһֱ俴˹
Ǵһֱܿͱݷˣֱһܺ󣬲űϽ⡣
ܵ˵迴һֱˣԼҲеѧˡ
һÿûҲŲµˣ˼ѹмڱϻƺõһǧˣ


155 ҵ
ô룬һںֱ಻ĵĻǳһһɾ˸ƣʾǳɾ
һһӦѵɣֻͷ˵֪ܶΪǧ¼ֱѰġ
ԴˣӦ⿪ҵ󡣡
һ߿ֱֱǱиµɢĸһֱ˵Щ£ٸвҵŷỹ׷أһƾʲôƹͣ
ǣȸְֺʹ緢ϢȻԼϵֱĸ߹ܣҪԷ̷һֱ
ֱĸ߹ܽҶСߣһֱڲʲôҶСרŸһԽӵģһֱ˽⣬ʵ˵һֱݡ
߹üСǴ˽ǫ̃˵ѹҵĻˡ
ҪҪأ
һֱݲΥʲôɷ棬̸Ȼҵ˽£ͬʱҲԼ˽£Լļͥ˽ҲûΥɣ
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⻰˼˵ܹ˾ǱҪǩһֻǿ׬Ǯǿû
ǰߣ׬Ǯ˼ֱҪ̫࣬һʱüʮ˶ģԶȱˣһֱҲͷˡ
ǺߣǾ͵ÿһ˭ˣԼҶͷ˾ױƳȥ
̧´ҶСߣСӻͦʹġ
ܺܿ͸Ǳߵ˴һϢҪǩһ˭Ҫ
ⲻ֪һһȻǹȨ˹ֱӰȥµ
Ҳ˵˵һ˳ţǾǹڸ
пܣһ͹ʶģʲôŮֻʲôսѵŮ֮ġ
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һֲֻǧ裬ֻԭǸۿ˵͵ʵ˵վǿûߵĺӡ
Ȼ˿ֻߵļ˶ҪһѵͲܶѵͷǵԼǰһҡҡֲʲô⽨ʱ˶
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һĴֱܹһԽԽ࣬׼ҲԽԽ㡣
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һô˵ЩԥİӦǼٵģΪֱһģҸʲô֣ʵǲ֪Լֵģ֪зġ
ʣֻպͶԷռ֡
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156 鷳
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׮ҪCеһλ֪ҵ־׮ͶʷǳҪҪҸӣ̺ʹѾûؼңס˹˾ǳǼӰ࣬ҪӦ̸⡣
ȵǷѾǧ࣬־̸һֺʱ־˵ԸЯŰݷãҸһǺѽ־ʲڣȫDһĴҵңҵȫǿҵǰġ
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ҲֻಡͻΪ˴ʦʬ塣
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ټתһ˺ŷ籩ҥ飬˱֪ܷʲôһвȥ
תȻǸһӣ˭˵һǿɹƭ˵ȥˣѧЭĻ᳤ʶƭӣ
ΪһЩԭһûϵ־ûˣֻȥǸתС
һڿֱ־Ҳֱ䣬ȥһ齱Եãÿζ鲻־־ȥļ˽ֱ䣬öһ鶼鲻С
⻰˵ãһڵɲͣѾԶԶǰǳÿֱǳǧڹۿһʱ־ٶҲǼʮҪΨȷʵѡ
־Щջˡһ˵ʲôֱѡԵˣҪˣǰΣڵϦҪΪʲôǳ鲻
־ͼͨһע⣬е͵ͬʱ֡һĹڵĻֱƵ·ĹڵĻԱȽȻĴ壬ƵϷƮڵ
һûпλĹڣҴ־IDѲ˶롣
һ֣ȥһ־գһҵնңȻҲһָһ㣬ٰдԽҲһ£ľǲᡣ
ǣ־һֱ˺üʮ󣬻ûһע⣬־Щ߳ŭĵˣֻȥһ
һֱӦҵĹϵֻע⵽һұŮѹûעһҾѵݣ̾ȥϵҡ
־ˣҪ²һҲֱֺ䣬ôܣֻץԼ֪Ϣ˳ֱ䡣
ֱһλµİһǳЩһһȴ˿⣬ֱ
˵ڣһӦ־󣬲һ־аɶѵģһȻⱾ£ΪŮӦõġ
˵һֱƺҶϾϵ̾ãŮˣǼ裬ûŮҪȡ費ãԲ߳ŭ뿪ҵ
ùʱ䣬⹤ȥˣһһǰװȣһģֲ迴ĺһõ¡
̴úأû뵽ǰӦ־󣬺ȥһҲˡ
Ҳ뵽֮ǰһַĳ棬ҲûһжܰûпߣҲûзŭƽúܣҲġ
ǣ̱ȥһϵʽ͵ֱַǱҲˡ
ҵһˣѶϼ£οٶֱǱߵһʼԸ͸¶ԱͺϢҵ˱ְܲ˴ְһǧ飬ʹǶǰϵһֻšͨѶ˺Լ־סַ
û취˭ǱһʼһǢأǶеǼǵһһϢ֤С
õһסַֻͨˣֱŲͺˣ˭ȥһе˵
϶Уų죬ܰ˸ߡҲУҲУԳ챿˵
*һһ¾ҶȥŮ˵ϻŮҲ裬ҶȥԺȰϼ䣬˵һ˵־˵Ҫԣ˵һ˵һ˺ͺҸһ϶ˡ
һָ֮ʹˡƿ˵ʱҶֻҪӾУҪȥǸ˵ֻҪ˵ʱ򣬾͸Ҷضˡ
ǣһ쳿ܻͷֿҶأĩڼϢǳᰱſҶؽˣһȲ衣


157 
ǳ̳ſڿȥ
Ҳ֪һݣȻǮ˼ҵŮ˼˵ԼһĸףᰶʱЩ֪롣
ѽǿңBгĺţ˼ҳƺŶŵ֣ŮԼѣ᰼ֱ룬ҪͻȻðǮ裬ж࿪ġ
һ˶ϾϵǱϾ˼ҵļ£᰺ǳҲ˼͡ˣҲҰҶظ棬еĴòҪеġ
ֻȴ˽󷽵ᰣǳЩĮˣȫ̾ͺһľ׮һ˵˱ˮһ仰Ҳû˵
ֱһǳ˿
һһţҵĿⶼͶҶظڴؿ裬
һûʲô飬ֱ˵ʣҶŮʿ𣿡
ҶŮʿƺԼģҶ¶ɬ裬֪ҺƫãҲ֪ģһֱ߳󣬴Сͽţˣһʱ̬ѵ
һϵѵһ˼˻ˣ治֪ôġҶȦӣѾˣʲôֱ˵
Ҷüܲһľ飬տʼʱһȥǸ̳Ϊʲôڶô䵭ˣ
Ҷ뵽ĿģЩ飬֪ôڡ
Ҷ˵˾Ǳ߽˸ͻ־˵ɣҪԷ˼ר̼ˣæ
һԼķ䣬ͷҲص˵
Ҷػ˵ʲôǰȥһԱ߲֪ôܳһǳһţ֣̣ҽ㲻ͱΪ˰ɣеģһԵȻǾ˵־Եпܣ־æͲð
ǳʵע⵽־ˣһֱķܣ־ôôûע⵽ǳҲѹһҪҪӦ־һÿθĻشǲҪˡ
Ҫ֪Ҳ֣һûô䴦ɼ־æ⡣
ǳֲɵһĿܣʶ͵סҶȥһΪ
Ҷǳһһҽ㣬뵽ղᰵĽܣͻȻǳ㡭ǸĶã
ǳϴ󲻸˱˰ҳһһǰֵñȽ˳Ϊһϰ壬̣¶ԷӦ㳤
ʲôҵģдС˵أҲͺҰϾϵˣЩĸģһͬʣͲҪôڿ˵ʲô̬ЩĸԼһˮƽͷѹ˦ӣҽ˵費£軵ˣ棬ǲҪ˵ҽĲأ̰Ľˣ
Ҷɫָ࣬ǳС͸ҷŸɾ㣬˭ôͳ˵ģ
ǳǳ鶯ụ̂㲻֪
ʵһʱ䣬ҾͰèǰɣ
Ҫ֪ǳϷӲ˳Ưȴһֱ²ԭϲŷ˿˭ҪҵűֱӾ͸ȥˡ˿ǻǮѰĵģǳֻҲʹ졣
ǳٺãҲ
ȻǳҲйϵһӲͱ
ҶȻǳǳҪ໰ľһ䡣ҶشСͺã˵Ļ˲ǳֺ
Ҷ޹û뵽һǳ˵һ٣ؼҺܲá
ǡʱҸ°ؼһһûҶ뵽Լһүһյӣôܲ
벻ҪԼȥҶÿѪˣÿȲƹݲ𣬷ǵòЩ£ֺá
ҸֻҶطƢĪˣϽԲߡ
죬Ҹȥһסһ⣬Ŷȥϰ࣬һǳҲû
˳˱ŸҶض磬ôҶػܽȥһȲ裬ȥ
ҵĻҪƢɴ˿ʦĵ绰ٿ˰һҵŸ˿һ
˴ߣҶٰߡ
ؼҵ·ϣҶһˣÿûйСߣȻý岻֪ôдˡ
һҶػûýץĵһһͰſڼ¼񷢸˽Ȧý壬ڶҸΪԭŵƵͳ˸ƽ̨ѡ
ҹ˾ĹɼܵӰ죬ҸϽҥҲ̳񶨣ŷҲˣհȶȸѹȥˡ
û뵽һô飬ǶμƵ϶ֻһУҲֻųģΪԼװļأſбϷһϣ˸ûע⵽
¿һ治ܺҺͺˣ־ҪҰݷãһʲôȥ־ͣ
ʱ˸⣬ǰЩſΪΪ֮ǰһԵһͺãǾѺȥһǸһ涼šųļƵҲʦţ֮Ķˡ
ҪһѩǰܣϽԼصڼĵλ
ǣ飬һȥµʱһЩηʿѧ˵èĹҪ£ǵһЩ¸صĴʦС
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һ룬ȷʵˣתÿ죬ͷǵһأΪһѧ˵ƤëͱȵùЩʦ
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ⲻ֪ⳡϯԤϵ֮֡
Զһ֪ô£ֻ֪汨סַˣ¸˸ңҡ
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ҺôǮƣȥ¼¼߸ܱȥţҪǮô÷࣬Ѫ֪ĻΪʲô**Ҫծˡ
һļؼ¼Уһݽֿһݷϡ
ǿֿɿˬˣǰţţһͼһı£һ̰һǮǰ֮ǰѶǵͬ鶼ܹˡ
ңǰòӪġŮı裬ֻʣѪŮͥôһĮҲûˡ
ϵһôںÿ״򲻶ɵʵҲȷʵˡ
ǳսǱߵѵȽƵÿѵǿȺܸߣѵʮСʱ𲽣Դһµġˡǳͱ÷ǳæµÿ켸Ҫ賿Żؼҡ
ʱǳĻʳҲýΪڼҳԷ˵ԷˣӰš
һܻǳû𴲣սǱѵϻҪų񣬻Ҫһ¼۵˺޲˺á
ˣһһµļ٣һֱ¼ʱǳæרæѵͺá
ǳԼֹⲻȥܾòɻǮãһ˵һ¾Ͳȫʣֻнͺãƽֱ˺Ӫǳùܣֻµ׵ʱ򣬼򵥼һƵС
ǳͬ⣬ǸúˣΪûԵ޹ʵĺ⣬һǮֻʮֲ׽ҲҪοǻ׽á
ǼȲǽãҲѣǵʲôϵǳ벻ףҲûȥ롣


158 ӱ
ڣǳææڻҪġ
᰹˾͸٣òײؼҵƱȻ峿ۺ࣬ɺܿĵʰؼҡ
һߣֻʣһǳ
ǳǱսҲżˣϾԱԼҲҪ
ǳò׵˼٣ѵ͸ϻؼҡ
ûţͿ˳ݷŴ󳨿һ˽ˮͿհ׵Ĵӣ߬ëʡ
ǳŰ΢øղСҵͷʣѽҪԼд
һͷ΢ЦǳҲһɣʣдȥ
ǳղſֵЦЩ봺һīˮûУܶÿѧѵͣȻȥҲøǮȥ
ǳεؾܾˣҾһ©㣬Щƨһ
һƳһۣ˵ôаɡ
ǳ˵ˣְߡ
ְҲǸУһ϶˵ҪѧһҲ裬Сѧûʲô
û˼ǳϽͣعζ֪һڿοѧһʱʹǰƷΩжߡʱʲô
Щǳȥһ֣һĥôд˼ףʣʲô⡱ƽϲ֡
ǳСʱôϵףԢ̫ףƼҼһһ⣬Щʲôá
һĨˮǸƽæ꣬ϲſӿһԵĳɾ͸С
һΧһ˼ң⻧Ҳؼˣյ¥㣬ֻ˴Ҳֻ⻧е㴺ڵա
˽ݣǳ֣һ˺ܶ㳦ɹɰ١СʱǳԳԲϵĶһӦȫ
˶ԴⱧԭ̱ܿǳҲá
ͷ̥ǸŮѾ˺ܲˣڴĶ̥ǸŮֱͷ̥Ů˾ûʱ˶룬ǱеĶӣ˵Ǳǳġ
ԣһ˸֣ǳǮڶûֱӽСǮҲÿɳȰǸ˸֣ȻͽǮˡ
ˣǳСҲûٱȡţЩ˵ǲңǳСʱ򳤵ССȴݣʦҳӿξǺͱ˴ܡͬѧҲ͸˽½ǮôеĶˡ
ĸܲʣȭӣǳᡱ֮СڵˣǮʶˣ˽´ʲô㡢㡢˴ñ˭治֪ʶ硣
ɼѧ͡ǣһƯŲҵϷֱǳ˵棬жӲ˽жԱС
ȻһǰǳԼԱ޴Σյͬʱ˿
һ̹Ŀ⣬ǳʶδ֪꣬κ˶һԷǳ񿴴Ʒˡߣǳʱ̽Ľ䱸ɡ
һǳʱشӡȽϡԶֻǳġԼµһᡣ
Ů˺Ů֮Ҳа飬ǳǹªŵˣҲ˼ˣ̲ˣڵĻȽʽͨ绥˽⣬ǳҲ˵ͬʣһһʱʱڶͬԸЩὫֻһൽ˺Ⱥ塣
ǳϷҲŮͬʱˣ˽ӴͬȺĻᣬֻǵ˼ԪٴӳΪԼֻһֿܵȡ֮ǳϷŮͬ治٣δԼҲǣҲûһǡ
һǳֹǳʱӰˤ£ǳдһ˿ƺöԱĿеǳҲ޷ƭԼһĺãûԭġ
ϲԵ޹ʵĺ⣬ǳ֪һ㣬ⲻʧ䡣
һǴĺãֻΪϲ
ϲͨϲһˣͶԷһ𣬿ͶԷݲµ˵ܹϵ
ǳӴܶϲˣŮġеĶУϲǣΪΪϲζȡռУϲϲϵҲҪͱ˽ܹϵ
һζʲôʱǳһķ䵭
һУһ֪飬һֻڴϲ¡
棬һϵͳˣӵһ飬ҲʼѧϲһЩʵã¡
ǰһ磬һڹ⣬ڹʱǴͳִ˼໥ײʱǣ磬ԼķʽϼĴڡ
ʱĴڱִڵķΧŨ
ֻϧ磬һǳBбûôѣǰһһİĹҹϼһĴڡ
ʱһ֪ԭ˵ĸôӣаڣǻѺˡ㣬һϸˣһҲСС֮ʣһ٣ԭȷʵܺãһҲ
һãԼԽԽ˽ĸ飬ȴǳĸ顣
Լķ硢صĸ鶼һ͵ģջ۵ദԽԽϵ꣬ߵһһ룬ǳӦŸʶ£ǳֻҲ
ǣһٵģ¹ǣø
һȴ֣ǳƺߣϳ˶Բ˵ʱ˵Ц극һ˵ĴһǳͼҴһط˯ˡ
һȴЩδͻȻʶΪమһమǳ
ںǳֱ˸ʶʱǸĮǳһԭ򣬵ҲȥǳͣΪڸǿƺͱˡ
֮䵹˵ദ״̬᰽ں󷵳Ǵʱɴڣ˸ûһ᰷Щˡ
ô֮ǰϵˣֱİ͵Ĺϵˣ
᰻Ϊ˳ˣĨ˫˶ǻѸ¸߱˵ӣǣֻΪ˳˼ûͺã䵱С
ȻûãǳͰȥˡ
֪µᰱһΪȺǳⷿģôǳˣ
ǳҲû˵ˣֻ˵µѵæػѵͼе鷳ɴȥѵסһʱ䣬ȴġǳ˵ȻסߣҲ˻߲ҺˣߵķǻύģٻύһһǩԼⷿͬڡ
޻˵ֻܿͷǳȥסעⰲȫ
һֻһ£ǳĻƴžС
ʱǳûסһķ䡣
Źţǳ֪һʲôûĸ飬Ͳھܾ˫ӣ˫á
ǳ֪ǣһĺⷿû죬Ҫ


159 
˵ǳӦ˻ڵļµķ⣬漰ǮĻǶһ۱ȽϺã˭֪浽˽ʱǳҪǮأ
¶ûңǳҲ˵ǿѣǣ᰾Ϸ˵Ϣ
û죬ϵᰡ
Լӣһᰶڡ
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᰾Ŵ죬һȴ㵽һ̩Ȼڿһֵ߲ӡ
軯ŵױīֶûȻϵһ뵽һҵĹϵǧԼѣǧվһųԹϵʵǰ಻ס
裿ᰲŵض迴
ѽҺ˰ɣҪBⷿҾϸĵˡǰһ׺͵裬˽ˣƢ⣬Բʶ˺ǮȨ˶൱ơ
ӣᰵӶҪɳˣҵǧ𶼺ס
ңǼǧ𣬵˼ҲǵСҪİ˺⣿
᰺ôҲ켣ְüˣ̱ףԼûʲô˿̰ͼģпܵĽ;ǣǳһġ
һǧݣӰĵλѧݣѧЭ᳤֤Ҳġ
ȥʰֱһԹԵһԱ£ʣܵͲµҪ
һԼﵹˮʣµĲҶ迴㵽ˡ
üҶʲô𣿲ǼƬڱ׵ĲҶ
˿ŵģһҲڴŵǿżɽʣʲô
ûֱӻش𣬶ǳԱ¶һЦݣͬʱ˫üߣ鷳
̻⣬æͷޣһԼѹ֣³һˡ
ҲǳճǼؽţ̴
ʱչ壬ɳһȣһ²ؼӣ㲻֪𣿡
㵽ˣȻô㡣һָԼ˱裬Ҳȣֻ͸ĲҶڹĿˮĳײת
̬ɫ֪ҳˣ㻹ܰȵȲ裿
һɻؿ裺Ϊʲôܣļˣֲҵģ㶼ĴѣΪʲôܰĺȲ裿
ǳ鶯һļˣ˭Ǽǧ𰡣˵ȫǲ˵ԺΨһŮһȫҸҲͷˣ
˿ͬʱֲɵõһûǰһֱǰ˵˵ģҲ֪Լݣⳡǧġ¹ʡֻ֪飬˽ܺߡ
治ˣβ̽ǵġ
һۿ裺һʼ飬ʲôֱ˵ǡ
豻һţֻĵ뷨޴أЩڣҾס£ܱѣ⣬͸ôҲǵļˣвܵ͵Ұ㣬һΡ
һؿ裬ԭǸ˽պݶˣҲڡ
һûи飬ֻǵ˵һһȽˣˡ
ɴۣǰɣ㲻𣿾Լİ͸磬ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
һ˿ڲ裺һΣİ͸磬ҵġ˵ˣΪӣҲҺһʮӵһҲһ˺͹˳һֵǮ𣿡
ͷҲԣ漴͵Ťͷһʲô˵˭˳ϼŵļ̳˹˳㾹Ȼȹ
˹˳֣ǴʲôؼһһľȺͬľһĳ
һúͶԷֻͣʣȱܹ˼ңȿǿҰɣһһõóǮ𣿡
һʵСˣ켣ȦСʱֻ롣
Ǯ赱ȻõóֻЩ۰ˣôǮȥܾܲȳأ
˸תˣһ֪ҿɲֹ
һΪҾҶء̡ס˳£û뵽ΪڣҵĶҲؼˣҳ£ִȥ
豧һԵ̬һûлؼңȵ˶Ӳ
룬һһˣû̫ѵĻ
⻹һ˵ֻǾǮмҪķƷȵȣҪǮ
ţһ͸迴ۡ嵥ڷֽľڹѪơţȵȣЩδŵĶʲôָͷʲôĹͷȵȣе㷴θϽ嵥Ƶһȥ
ֱ˵ҪǮɡ
һɨ嵥˵Ҫʮ򡣡
ʮʮʯƣһ֮ǰǳƣ˼ֻ˸ܸоסƣټֱϼʮ飬ûһ¾ˣʱһûдûȥBеʯг
֮ǰAеĶʯгŮˣƬƺʯģҶԷ
ʱԽѵ½ԶҲʯģô
һ𣬻и½Զϲ͵ɵ˺ס
½Զһ鷳վɹҡŵڼҲû϶æ
ԭдԽߴ½ԶСܣԽԼ׵ܵһǰˣǣһΪʲôҪȥһܵܣ
ֳɵĳ鲻ãרȥһһţʯԭⶫֲʲô⴫⴫ĻܣһҲûҪǵһԼϵرõСȥ
ǣһ۵ӻǰƮŵĴԽߣ˵ûȤѺһ׵ĶϣҲûȥ˵衣
Խ߲˵ĬƮˣһôһѣԼ֪Ϊʲôʱ޿̲ôһΪ
Ҹֵǣÿɣһ򷴲ͺһһĻԼ뷨鷳ԾģǰҲһ뷨Ϊʲôͱأ
ԽԼ鷳Ϊʲôʱ޿̲鷳鷳˽Ӵ
һԭĴԽߣ˿ɣûȡԽߣԽ߼п·Ǿʶ޸ֵ˫á
Խ뿪ʱı飬һãԷӦҲˣܲͨǾ͵ÿԽԼˡ
һߵѾŵýԭأΡΡʣ㡭ڿʲô
һʹԽߵĽܿһղŶſһ˵ĵӻӻû򿪣һڿʲôƶȻʲôᶯĶ
뵽һҲץ룬һĹɣ
ôһ룬Ҫŵιȥˣɴһ黤ƾǣҪ͹ס
¶һ룬һȷʵ*˹ǴԽߣһֻסĹҲȷʵ൱ں͹ס
Ҳòź¶ãΪһܿͻĹ
һʼһǳǳģǳˣһ裬ʵûʲôµıҪˡ


160 
⣬ÿ˲٣Ϊڲμһգÿ͵ȥ¼ƽĿͨǴеĻױƷֱ裬ȸѰĵױȵ¼ٻױݡ
һʼǸ˵ģܺʹסһܿ죬ͷ̫಻ĵطƽΪһ裬ҪСģľ˻ҵǩʲôЭ顣
ټᰱҲһĹϵûܣΨһĹǳѾߣҲߡ
ᰰߺ󣬺ǳ˵һѣоɢǸ֪ǳ
ǳ˵ᰰߣæһʲô̬ȡ
뵽һŴʼնûʲôϲŭûҪߵҵһͣҲǺþۺɢ˵û˵ʲôѽͻףһ·˳š
һסˣǳüʡ
᰷ԵºܸߣһȥҰ֮ǰ²˭ˣ
ᰱͺǳ˵ҵѵ£ǳʱûж⣬ѹҲ֪˭
²˭ǳ˵һ˵һľ֡
֪ɣСǸżŮ
ϲ׷ǣǳԴ˲ȤҲΪѣҲᰰһЩǡ
У㲻ϲģҲ˿
ǳ˵裬ʶ뵽һݣ裬˵ʲôǧ֪˭ˡ
裬ѪԵϵĽ㣬Ϊĸ˽̰˸˼ң˶ʮĸͱĴҰ˶ʮĥ
ǧ˺ǧͱңǧʼնûлعңΪҡ
˵ʵǳԼ裬ҲҡҵܳŮҲùұѪ
ˣ׽㣬ǳûٸ飬Ҳ̸ᣬ뵽ôܵ˵ĳ谮ЩĽ
ǣǳҲⲻ˻ܶһʶΪǧ϶˴˼ʡԣôҲ벻ȥһס
ֹʲôأ
С᣿ʲôأACĽǳĳ˼
ǳϽ񣺡û£ǰ˵
ûЩС£Ц˵²ѵСꡢɴı𣿡
ҹǿܻϷ˺ߵĹٷھ⣬иԼ£кܶѧҲھٰ
ְҵѡڳ˴֮⣬ѵ£ھĻ֣˼Ǹѡճѵõ¡
һЩٰ²ͬǣٷֺ;ٰѵͨϵģֻܲμӹھĶܲμӡ
ھ֮ǰ³ܵõϺõܽھһЩ⣬Ǿҹٷֱսӣսͨʵǿõ˹ٷϿɺֱܹͣӲμӹھ
ɲɣACսӣΪ౻ҹٷֱĶ顣
ǰѵԲμӣָУҲϤ¹ͽࡣ
ǳACмˣս˽һЩͨս֣ҲҹϷƥĶֶͨңıǳһζûϡ
˵㣬ǳACʱ䶼ڳѧϰ˵㣬һֱʣʼ油ûϳĻᡣ
ڽ˵һʽԱȥһѵ˷Զ׼
ǳĵǰ򹤼¹ʴģû㲻Ա϶ԶˣټβǲˣֻǽˣԽֻǳսӵλãҲһŰ칫Ρ
ǳԼĵ羺ζסֻܴպá
βڣʣԱһС꣬һɡ
СԸȽϼĽɫԱȽǿǰľߡ˺з˺зߡ
ǶӳָȺ鴦ȫƣüӼлҲѸٷǰƣԶľߺ
ľַãǶ͵ľУǳλȽ
ʵǳҲʺСλãΪǳóһЩԸߡǿĽɫټľӲ״ηʱ򣬾ʹзһԱͻƵзߡ
Сѡ˽ǿĽɫǳ֪Լ治˳ɫǺԾѡһע֧ԮĽɫ
ܶϷΪֻľַˣɱϷڶ̨֧ͬһ˲ֻǿһпһü֧Զ֮ϺͶľ߲Ҫġ
ǳAһľ棬ͨҪǳľַ˼·ԼƶУȻһ㱧ŵĶ飬緭̡
ǳȷʵڵ羺츳Ӵҹżְ꣬ҵѡֵˮƽһ˲ţҲмʮ˲šǳ츳ŬֻǽACսӵשѡ
ѵǳĺ˵ĦΪľַʼյֲԷԴķߣĶѣһϲС꾹Ȼʵϳ棬ΰǳˡ
νѣҲ˵ǳѪѪһһһ1.5ˣѶԷһһУȻǳԼҲʵȫѪ¶ԷԱȴûиˡ
ҪǷƽʱ·˻߹ϵһӣǳѸˣͿˡ
ͺ֮ǰʥһ֪ʥæԼϷĲʹ죬֪ԼACսֻ油лҲܶʽԱ
˭뵽ǳԼŭ𣬵ͬʱѵŭѾᴩ䡣
cnmtm˵ˣtmڸʲônmأսʲôȥƥ䰡ҪңǶˣ
С걩ͷʽĶִǳۣǲܴˣȦСȦﻹһ֧ڵŶǣǴһӣ϶ͽȦ
û˵꣬Сʹһӣôã쵹ͦӲͽƱɣ治֪衸ʲôġ
ԱߵɵС˵ˣŲʹֹˣֱأע㡣
ڵְҵ羺ѡͨῪֱع֪Ⱥ룬Ϊ⿿ԼҹĺܶսӶǸ˹ңû룬˹̵ƽְֻܼϷǮ
ǳ߳ڷչ󣬾ʹǵһΪԽ棬ѵǿԽԽٳ鲻һ£ֲһĹʣ֪һͼ󣬾͸ŶԷ
ǣһǳȻ½Сŭָʱûȴ޷ȥ
Сɲںֱֱķ˿֪ǴֵġֱӡЩŮˣҲ˿ϷΪֱСֻҪϲŮˣ̵;ܱΪֱС
СȻ̡ƢƷҲôϷúãΪˣû㣬ҲԱοľַӲһ㣬㹻ˣΪһ֡
ǳŭԣΨгĬ
С꣬ƹƽʵڵɣһֻź̸ǮĽǳֱļָûá


161 ְ
ǳֻҪκһС̾ͻᱻСץסһָͨ𣬵ÿֱţȻʲôĻ
ֱţСΪƢۣΪֱ̫ΪΥ汻
ϵѵACսÿһıֶ̫ãɽۿ¼񣬶Ը˵ıֺ;߽еͷ
ʱֱҲã̸أһڣҾʹϡá
Ƚѵ꣬ǳֶֻʳȥˡ
ѵһСսԼģ¥¾б꣬ǳȥʳÿͳˣΪѵ˶̣ܲζͳˡ
ӭ١Աڰҹ
ǳľһȥѡͷԱһ£ȥƿţ̣ڱ꿿ŵλϳԷ
Bлû꣬ζŻûȫ죬ˣůյԴκģǳϡٵĽֵǧҵƻڰҹѾˣΨб͸ȥĹ˺ڰֵΨһĹ⡣
ʱǳͻȻԱǱߴֻŵ
ҹĵԱҲҪĥʱĶǴֱֻ
Աᣬ͹ҲͶʮͷϲĶǼÿƤҡȤϷԼʽʳͷ羰
ǡãұĵԱͺܰϷҹ治˵Ϸ͵㿪ֻ档
ɲɣԱľҹֱǳҲûл˾֪ĵزֻϷһͨСԱʶҲ
ԱڿҲһְҵսֻľ־ҹһ꣬ӱϷתְһʱͳְҵѡ֣ǺΪˣۣãŷԼλѾ˶棬֮£뿪սӣԼսӣ˼ңȻҲģ
ǳʶͻȻʱ򣬹⿿ԷֱȻҲó
ǰΪʲôҪAC˷ԼഺأְҵһͲˣҪAC˭˲ֵأ
ACֻɱǳʹ˶ǳᣬȰۣǳҲʮˣƨְҵ
ǳѿиһģ춼ˣﲻˣ
Ҫͨǳ鿴һԼпһʱ䲻ϰ࣬ҪԼսӻЩ׽⡣
ǣɽǰ·ǳˣǰܹС̫ãҲȥˣ˸۸ʹȥҪ춼ˣٽڡ
Ժ·һһȵôACĹȻܱ
¥³극ǳصѵҽ̸ְ£һ䣬ŵһŨŨĻζ
ԭսӴǳ˵ȥ֮ǾȻ˻һӵͺʣǳڵʱôսӳôã
ǳǳ鶯սȴװɫ˵Ц̾ƶ
һѵǽһŴһ̨ʾǻ䣬мһŴŴƽʱڰĹ»ŻС꼸Ե͹棬촽ףϸ̵С㲻ϡ
ǳûǣ˵
һĨߵͣ˸ãʲôֱ˵ɣͲȥ칫ˣùű˻Ϊɶء
ǳü⻰ܲˣȻҪ˵ǾͱˣҪ˳սӡ
뿴ǳС緹ʲôҪ˳սӣЦ֣ս㣬˭
ɫؿǳǲΪС¶˵ǶϰˣŮԸܲܲҪսսģԲԼĵ羺ΣˣԼСƢġ
СҪǻôƽϣСǸ¾꣬ҶһսӵĶѣαأ
ǳΪǴСƢô˵СүƢ˶ԴȫҴͼĻףΪʲô򲻹洩׵ĵˣ²أҵĻ״ûһӾͱҪˡ
֪ĻΪСôľַӲһץһѣԼˡǳ˺ˣʲôҲܡ
TMһԣСһ˦Ӿվ
ǳһ˲䣬еˣ۴ܣϸ첲ϸȶ򲻹ˡ
ҲܣҲˣҵĴְ֪ͨ롣ǳ˵꣬ͳԼ᷿ȥʰˣ˳㻹ѷˡ
֪Ȼѵֻסÿ춼Ҫţж಻㡣
һСʱǳʰˣĵһ̨úõıʼǱԣԼʾһ÷һعأûкռط
·Ҳֻмףȫˣױߡ֤ʲôĶϱİȫʰ˱ͷߣܴߵĶˡ
ǳų˺Ѿ˺һˣСԸҴаɣԺ˵ע㡣
ĩβֹһ䡰Ů˾ǽ顱һǲı֪Ǳѵˡ
ǳҲں᲻ᱻѵһǸεؿǳСᰡ˵Сһˣ˵߾Ҳ̫嶯ˣǶô£ѧѧأ˵ԲǽĹؼ
Һԣòˡǳ۶Ҫȥˣ˴㣬㴦ǾͱǵĴүȥɣܴóɼҳʺ
Ȼ󲻹ôȰǳڼɻȥ䣬ǳһͼУ߰˶ȣ޲ΧھӶѡ
սӵѵС˱ֻǳˡ
Ǹ˹ңҲûиǳ籣ʲôģνְҲǼ򵥵֮󣬶нʾ¶ˣλ˾е̶ûС
սӾ˻ϵһҹһֱûйҲûĵ羺ֲܶ෽涼רҵǰǳòףȴңΪһ߾ˣµͷӣûʧ
ֻǳ뿪ѵСվѾرյĵڣͻȻ֪ȥġ
ǰķ𣿲ܣ˼Ѿȥˣûķˡ
ǳڵڶ˺ܾã˼һ㰲ȫƵסһϡ
ڶ죬ǳ͵ץʱȥһֱסƵ꣬ÿ켸ٿ飬ٶҲס
Ϊƴ磬ǳݵãָֺܿģʼĴӣڱһıȽԶ۸ʵķӡ
ֻϧǹԢõˮ̵꣬һˮѲˡôǣԢһ˳ҲÿǰҹϷʲôģԺҲ¼ҡ
Ȼҷڼһ˶ȷʵۣǳд۵緹ûԣڼʱεվԱİȺţ費Ҫ˴绰
ǳֻΪεˤڵأվԱݹȥǳ󣬴ֻͨѶ¼һȦĿһִͣ¡
Ϊ֪һ꣬ǳ裬ҲֱӴһ¶ڣǣǳظһעˡ01ԼǸš
ʵϣһǳıעҲ̲סһţǳһ֣˵š
վԱٴʣŮҪ绰01˭軹ѽ
վԱǳôƯһСʶ²ѡͬߵ˴Ұ£󲿷˻ǻʶĬ˶
ǳûʲô仯ǡѡ֣ǳͷһϽ
òãѪǷˣҳԵǻͺá
ѣһôأҪҲŮѡ


162 
վԱԼ緹ָǳ˵ǳڻֻϢһȥ
ʱͻȻˢACսӷǳ˳ACսӵĽͣACսӵ˼žսӺǳͱϳųìܣ˫޷;ͺƽЭ顣
Ȼٷһ£µֳһЩԳ֪ߵˣ˵ʵǳڶˣСƢָǳȹġ򡱡СŮ١¶ࡢ飬ʲôõĴʶһԵظǳһǸŮһûͻרĴʹ
ǳͷԼҲһƪӦ˵ACսΪܵżԣȥACü£һֱʣûзʵĻᡣ
ȻǳӦЩˮָʱЩ˾͸ˣǰңְҵս˼ල˹ԷӲǰġʵ뿪AC
ѵָޱ޼ʵģܴκνǶȥڦԵǳ벻֤׵ʱԽԽ
ڣǳεʱվԱæԼÿķҲĵȥ
գҵһΪķӣסϵۻиĵģԾ˼ǳ˵Ѿ˼Ƥëֻһ˦Ϳʼ˼ôԼսӡ
ʵսӲӣҹĸֱҲܼ򵥣ΪҹϷսһսӷΪֲͨսӡ
ͨսҲԼѽ棬һЩģ涼־ͬϵˡ
ֲսǿԲμӱսӣҪһǧǮ
ֲսӴǳʱ벻ʲô͸ɴȰԼддȥPQ
ѣѵǣǳսĿǰֻһˣҪȥļԱأ
ǳԼʶٲִ⣬еʵٶʯϵĶλ
˵ʵȫһǧһֻÿǰһǧÿ񻹿ܷ仯ʵԶֹһǧ
Ƽְҵλʯʵ
ǳûѡҲǸСûôϵʵϴְҵˡ
Ȼǳսѡ׼͵ʯˮƽѵҲ֮٣˵ѵô鷳ˣͷӦ˶ûм
ʥǻǳͬΪҹŮҲ֪羺ȦŮܴʥ˾ǳսӵżʲôֱǳ˵ʯλʥͲٻػˡ
Цʥߵ·ߣֱһĿЧϣϷһϷŵһȥ⡣
ǳҪʯλָλʯˣͨʥȻҲʯλǺԼһģ˵ǰȥġ
ΨһһϸҪʥˣǳ֪Ҫжѡ
бļϢҪôȰЩϴAȶȣȥֱ˿ҪôͷACսӣûһ˴Ӧǳġ
ǳһŭɢȥŲ˷ŭЩ˲ЩСҲЩ˲ACսܵί£Щ˰ѲƽԴΪȻ
ǳһԱûеһACսļºѡԱһǺMBGַϿһһѡֻ֣ʮ꣬ľַá
ļ¶ԱACںǳ䣬ǳԼսעĹٷ˻Ӧ
ACս˵ξͲƸŮѡˣȻָԼˡ
PQսӻӦѡֶԱӵսӡ
һʱ֮䣬۵ߵǳPQսӵǳ˲
ֱ׵˵羺˵ĵ羺Ů¶͸ùȥ羺ȦģҲйԡǿʳ˵羺Ȧԭǳûʵ͸ṋ̃ԼԱ𵱡ӻ
ЩۣǳЦЩǻƵÿЦ
ǳҲʱֱЩ򲻼ΣĶ⣬ףЩԽǿԱ޹أǾ͸˵Աйء
ǣǳһ˵ǳðյľԼսӵĹٷ˺ŷļԱϢԼϰ壬ǮսӣнǧĽ⣬ǳԼϰĽ
ǳսӵļϢϷȦ˺ܴ飬ҹϷҶ˵¡һΪӲǿսACΪսļԱǳӲ˵ѡα׼
һսļŮԡ
ڶͶλˮƽǴ档
һļϢ󻹱עˣֻŮԣΪԣΪŮԣ˼ŮȦӣôҼȮ
Ϳ߲ѣⲻ
ǳǵصáƮƮ˦һ䣺ǰսӲҲô˵ҵ𣿡
˶ȦżŮˣŮ˶ȦƾʲôҪӭأ
ǳܹˣԼսˣԼôôȻǮԼ
ǳĿǰĴ֧˿һǧĵнǧнڵ羺ȦѾ͵ˣBĴС
ǳļϢϸ񣬽ŮԣҵǴλҪǳĿˣһɸѡǧнЩˡ
ԣǳѾµļϢ²ⲨACӲյ˴ҰУӦҲӦƸϾǮҪߡ
Ҳǳսӿ϶вˣԼϣȴǳԤϡ
û뵽ǳļϢһܣ̨ͨ˽ϵǳ
ɰǳ˻ˣԼڿԡΪսӻûⷿѵҲûа칫ңܲܰ˴ؼңǾԼһҲĿƷԺȡ
ǳҵǳ˼Ҿõȣǰִ
ǳ˸ţȴͬʱٴβ鿴λߵϢ
ŮѧڶBеĴѧȽϷ㡣
ŮIDйǳʱǳҹ˺ţĴλԼҲڵ굱㣬һһһ϶ϰϷ֡
λŮĶλȷʵǳ˵Ҳܲ鵽ϢҲʹͬʶˣ˵ľַӲ˼·ŮѵõľŮ
Ѿ깤ˣΪǰ͵㵥ϰ巢ͻֵñȽѿ뿪ԼԼȥˡ
û뵽ٴγ֣ȻӦƸǳսˡ
ʱǳͼһ۾ģС
꣬ǳ̤磬ܾãЩϴѧ˶С
Ǹ̸Ůټ˶ŮϷĻⲻ٣漸û䳡
СʱǳԹӡܲΨһĲǣԼ˺ţʵѾû¼ˣǰ߶λǴ档
ѵûϷˣڻؿӣǰһ
ң˵ʵ󲿷ְֵҵսӣˮƽҲ񣬴λĲûУиߵĶλҪߵġ
ǣǳ̽Եʣҿ˺Ŷλ̫ߣҴ*ûˣҪһʱ临𣿶ҹкܶλĶ͸£᲻᲻̫Ӧ
ǳҲ˵̶ֻҪһʱǰļ״̬ôҲԺ͹һʱ䣬ˣٿǱһЩ
˭ϣĬ˼룬¶ĳ־ģڵʵ꣬˿ˣֻһ˺š
Ҷкü˺ţһЩ棬ְҵѡ֣ǵ˺ŶţëżϰĺŴӡ
ǳȻͷޣǾͺãզҿڳõ˺ţǶλ̫𣿡
̧ͷ˳еľִ٣滹һ˿ţΪҵǸţ˱ҶΪеġ
ǳɴۡ
ţóֻǳڳ˺ţֱӸǳԴջˡ
ڳ˺ţҲһ棬˼ңԭľַ̫ˡȦȦֱʱٻйڼලֻܴܶϰϷ֣֪Ǳôġ
֮ǰŮ㣬ļ㣬ϰһݼǮͬʱҪŮṩֵֺ֧ԣϰ忪ǻxsrȵ˷ŭ¡
˰ǰϰìܱе㷳ԼŮݣɴ໻˱м㡣
xsrǻˣӵϰĿЧģֻʣЩϷֵġǣʱļҲڲǣΪҪϰ壬ùȫֲ֣ûпңһ·ɱȥΪһһһ϶ʱ٣ĴܡȦϷ˼·Ƕġ
û뵽һߴϰϷ֣ԼĺŴˡȫһǧУǰһ٣ȥʮ½þǵʮ
ǳŹġ桱˺ţ۾գ
СȦﻹͦģĹҲǳƷǳĺáֹŮϰϲַϻ١̡棬һЩֻϷ֡ûоԵϰҲϲ㡣
һЩõƷʼͷʱôͻŮٵĻӭɵЩõƷʵںŮʱܵĺͶ԰뿪


163 ʧ
˺ܶϸڣǳԹʵ⣬˵ѵһλʵ
ǳֻ˹һ⣺ʵܺ棬ô뵽սӴλģ
ԹȥսҲУ棬ǳսǮ
СףĿȣƯ״̧ͷǳЦҲ֪ѽǲɣǰʱǱ˵͵Ӽʲô˵ܵ㣬ҡ
ҶֱЩ˿ҵĲˣǻǲţҾ룬Ҳμְҵ˹ٷ֤˰ɡ
ӵĺ۰ϷҪһһһ϶׬ǵǮҸﲻְҵأй̶ʣøϰṩֵôſ˴ô򡣡
ң˵ţ⣬ȫŮ羺սӣ
ǳŶԷ۵ˣûоĶ򣬾Ѿ¶һƺ쳾ƽ
Ŷˣ㣬ΪʲôҪȫŮսأָܿЦǳ
ǳʼ磺⣬ƾʲôֻЩսңҲܸŮսż𣿡
ңֻŮ˵սȷʵʡЩɧһЩ߰ĹϵһЩҲ󰮲ɾڮ㡢ҥ
ȻͷĩһţԱ˴˵ʵ
Ȼ˼룬ǳսӾе㲻ˣһΪAGall girlsսӡ
˹룬ǳı˵ȫŮսӲûгһȫľ
Ϊ˹ļ룬ǳһ˿սӵˡ
Уۺϱ˴˵˽⣬ŲܹȱӦƸҲȥһЩʵŮҡ
ƼһŮʶģ졣
˿ӵһ֪ϷIDҶӣҹʱ򣬾ͳҶӵƵֱ
ǣҶǰ˿ӵֵ÷ǳ죬ϷġޡšҶ˳ƯϷҲߣҲֺܶ÷˿ڵʱӦϷȦˡ
ǳʱֻǸС͸û¶ʱ򣬿ֱ༸˿
Ҷӵķ˿зۣҲ֪羺ȦҲˣȻʱĽܶŮҲܽӴϷһȷʵٺܶ࣬ͼͥǱĬƫȵضйϵ
Ҷз۶಻֣ù͵ùڣʱǵŮ裬ܶз۲ǳϷģǳģ˵ˣЩз۶ϲͶȡ˵Ĳϲûʲô
ԣҶʱ򣬱˱̶ӵ̸з̾Ʒˡ
ߣҶӺѵգЩӵ棬˻ۻxingƵ
ҶӵˣЩƵƬĵģôȥģѺ壬֮һصǸ
ǸҶѾûˣЩ֪ˣҶӾͳ˿ˣ֮˵ˣҲ˵û飬ˡ
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ʱҶӵԼãԺٶ˵ʥĹϵʥҲΪ˱Ҷӵ˽ûкҶӡ
ʱ꣬ΪʲôʥҵǳҶӱ͵ù鹦ǳȫŮսˡ
ҶǰʵְҵʱҹûôְҵսӱȽ٣Ҳ齨Լսӡ
ʱͺλҹȦӵ齨˹̶ӣÿһֱһλмֱЧ
ŵȴҼȥˣܳȥְҵҲôġͳڣͬӵһҶӸˣ˱ϷҲײ飬Ǻܿ˾һˡ
֣ȥƵȹõļз˵ƽʱҶӣƵƬȻܲ˵ʱó
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Ҳ֪ˣʥΪҶӵĺѣ֪ѸĻ
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ΪҶӵʱѣǵƬƵһȫֵȺҫԼֵãȻЩƵƬͱֵܸϴһͻơɫվˣʶҶӵ˿ع⵽ڵƽ̨ϡ
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ʥҶҪҪȥǳսԣҶӵ̬Ⱥܹ֣ģ壬ԥ
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ԣʥǳҪҪܣһȥҶͻֳܲȰ˵ҶӼսӡ
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ǳ׼ʱ䣬ҶӲBˣǳǰһ쵽ҶӵĳFУľƵ꣬Ϣһ죬ʥ棬ڶһȥҶͻûȰ˵ҶӼսӡ
ǳĳĺ㣬ǰһѾFйʻľƵ꣬մֻ׼ȥʥ
ȻǳֻͻȻһϢ
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ʱʥԼʱ仹СʱӾƵȥԼصҲʮӣǳһһֱĺԼ˵Ϳһۡ
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飬ұȥ˺ü飬ӰӶûš
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Ӻܿ챻첿֣첿йصһԱҲڰǰ¾ȥSе裬Ϊߵʱ֣˵ˣ˭Ϊ˹ܣֲȱǮļͥΪ˵㹤ͷͼž۵ʱ䡣
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ͳ־һϣ첿;ֵ飬첿ûеȡطȨֻܺ;þȥЭCеصľ죬һ־һҡ
ˣCеؾȻϣҶǲ顣
ʱ첿˾ͿʼˣֻߵȨޣҸȨϼ׼顣
CǱߺǼֽסˣҲȵල飬Űѵ˴۾
ԭ־ֳǰ־ͷ˰
־һǵҵңƽʱסڳģʱϼũ塣־ǰңһҹ˾ıȻʶ˹˾ܵŮͨԾɹܵļҲŮƳɾȥ˾ԺΪϵ˶ԷΨһǩͽԺˣǰ޵һЩѿȥҲﲻæ
־źڵŽ飬ǽʱѾһˡ
Ϊ־ǷгڻҪũϼҼ棬ֲϲӼ棬ũй䣬ײһƯͬС϶ԷˣԷӣ򵨱˸ֺˣºŷ֣ŮȻﻹкӣһֺʹԷѪֱֹӻԹȥ
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첿˷ŭ֮־޿κΣֻ˳ȥܺŮϢȻһûʲôɵģŮһӣ˷ڷѺ͹ƽˣŮġǮŮس׷
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첿ΪŮԩһңҺȺǱǣġ
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첿;취ʱһ׼ˣǮ֣һ㲻
һ׼Ҫȥֳʱһţײһ첿Աǡ
ԭ첿ڿ鱨ʱ򻹷ҺһĹϵ֪ԭAǸ츳ĹȻҵŮȻѾϾ˹ϵ
룬ɶͷԣһæ


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һǮȻ˵֪˸ϢʱҲ֪ϵڼҶ϶СʱҲǼ۰ֶ˵ľǮ
һֻȳˡ
첿һȴϣܾȳˡ
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һڰ֣˵ãʶġ
˿һⷴӦ˵һǲУ»ء
ûһֻܰЩ˷ŽôʱѾϰȥˣֻʣһΪ˳˹ڡ
ֹЩҼʲô첿ŵģҿɲܣҪѰǾˣǾͰҸǮ˻ҿɲԩͷһǮæǻ©ɡ
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ȷʵǴΪ˺ںøϴףôԽ߼Ϊȫųܱϲ˳˼ص裬˻ûɹʲôԵ£˺ڶϴס
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첿˲ô룬ǵ񲢷ǿ߽ΪֻΪάͳεȶˡô˿ʧ٣޷Թڽضڿֻš
־һҾȲˣ˭ҲȲˡһǳ˵
ɫÿԱߵĲԱ鼤㲻ȾͲȣ˵ԽԽ㶮׬ôǮΪʲôȡ
һûǸԲѷĲԱףͲʮܼ첿˻е㱾µģҲвˡ
ѧвʲô˶ѧģѧ̫٣ƵѧУѧҲֻܿΪصѧУҲṫ
òԱ֣һģȻͬһʦƽҲûٽѧϰ
֣һʱΪͬмѣҲ֣һƭӣ֣ʦţòԱΪ֣ƽڿһôûСͬġˡ
һûڣвԱԱһŮԱ͵һۣû˵أ˵ʲôأܲһ㣬ǹ¹죬ʲô°ܣ
ĩˣŮԱСֹһ䣺˵˲Ҫǲ
ؿԼ˵ֻһ֪ԼĴԭ򣬵¹غǹ棬ؿǣǿԲھ۸㿪
һҡͷǮҶ־һҡ
첿͹ҵ棬ҪάҲһѰˡ
һеĹ沢ôں籾Ͳ磬ͬ粻ͬңûк͹С
գ첿һ޹ﲻ˶һ˵ʲôҿûн첿Ȼѹܣǵȥæгģͷһ١
ٲȴô룬ǣѹһϽ첿첿͵ñѹһͷҪΥԼԭ¡
Լڽ첿֮ǰ˭ԼȦ֮ӣأʮ֮һ֮ӣ첿Ҳмǧˡ
Ҫǰûм첿ʱΥԼԭ£벻ͲЩаܲͲ㣬˭ǻֹǵѶԷ¾ͲأΥȥ־һң־Щһѣƾʲô
ǣһæδ֮첿ڲ˼Ϊþ־һңһ˺ȺȳС
ҲΪԶڸ˶Թ͵£ƾʲôһͨҺһǷأ
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첿쵼Ҳû뵽Ԯû뵽ôһС£Լڲ⡣
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Ϊʲôʺϣ˻˵Ϊеģƴ֣Ҳ˵Ͳϵ¸ܣ״߰ĳš˵¶Ϊ첿͸Ա򽻵ϴŰĦȾС
֮漰־治᲻ܣдǣУ̫˶ţضܲܡ
ԣͻҲˣ֮ǰ࣬˵ЩΪ첿æǰ˺ûʱȥԼѧ裬϶Уξͻƿش֣첿Աˡ
ô˵ϲİ˸顣Ĵ߸ƵģȻ治ˣÿֻܺȾƽʣĦϴţΣյġ˵¾ǰ档
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Ϊ־һҲģCǱҷµİӿɲֹ*һҷǮˣû۸ϼҵףѾʮ꣬Ĺﶼͻࡣ
໹鵽־һҺCǰĺshehui־ǰ˵Ϊ׵ʹŵ˾񲡵ģͣԲУСϢ˵־˰ĥġ
֮ˣҵ϶ᷴɵԼϣܲȻҲֻø׼
첿̴úãһῴԷĴ㣬һұͱ첿סˣԭΣա
ʶһ첿װʶһͺܺЦˡ
棬һȥЦǲһȥƾ˰ɶҲûı£ȸƨˡ


165 è
и㣬һҲ᲻飬κʱ͹ٷԶûк³һξܾԣξܾͻԼǻˡ
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ֳһȰұ˸飬ſ̣һ߲һ߸ܱϢ
ϧΪѾȥ˰£ټ첿;̫̫ӣϢҲӣȻ
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Ϊڷ﷢ֵ˽Ʒֳ²˳˳ϲûɱ֮ӣ϶ǰ汲ܵĹ£һ˶
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첿;飬Ժ˺󣬸óԳԸúȺȣÿ컹ǹŶ̹ȫû־˵аķա
ڸB˰æһˣȥBҹ˼졣
˳ֱӻ궼ȥˣ־ȻӰ죬ûƵģ̫ˡ
һ˵𣬹˳֮ӣûϻ£˵·ͻȻݺ׼£ǿܱס㲻ˣѲֱ
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첿˶һܲ㲻קúԼ㰡
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һ£һǰŵıֺȻͬΪ磬곤䲻ͬһϵҲʦ֣徹Ȼѧһѧʲô
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˵һ˵ܳôԶڱҪôأ
һֵİһ·λҲұ
ʲô˼˾ұǿţ
һ뵽ԭȻҲ־Խ߰æڣڴԽߺ͹˳Ĺϵ־ܾҲûô򣬱ϾŮǿ˺ļţ־δBж̫ãľҲûнҵ£ϾҵΨһþڱȴԽ߰æʱΧٽŮУν
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˵ҲЦΪԹߵĴԽߣطֱ־һҵĻԣ֪ҶǺöΪʲôԭĴԽһʧȥԼеۼУǵ֣ⱻƭݺ
һԭﴩԽ߻ᾭһиȫһİ˵¼Խ߸ͲΪԭǸԼôɵ־лģôûı£Ҫ콵
ŴУôɵȴȵɵˣ
֮Խ߲һûȡͻᰴԭȥᶨΪԼسģᱻԭӰ졣
һҲ˵ʧٵ˰˸顣
գһٴλصֵķ䡣
첿˸תһȦֻصɵ㷿䣬ЩѾͷˣȴͷѹţұԹ
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Ӧ˶Ǵʧٵģʧǰ䡣Ӧмأ
һҵסһʱ䣬Щλмúܡ
ҡͷǲˣһƬѩźűһ
һüʱӰųûҲ
ز˵ѾǷǳĹ
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һӹ˼ץֻֻʵʵһţƵ㣬ɢ˲ֻϵԹ
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е޺еĿܻ˺ˣһ㺦˵ĹΪСɷѰĹɷò֪ܳɡ
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ԣҳµǱŮôôڶ̶̼ʱɷأ
ңһһ˽ǹɷһҲõһ£Ҫ׼Ͱ֡
ǣһԼĲ룬ࣺԾпѾǹɷˣҸƫǹɷǹɷһ˶Ը̫첿ӦҲӲ£ҿԴӦǺֻܾˣȱˣԼ¡
һϲһɿǺ£ʲôֻܾû⣬Ҳ֪Ҫ˿϶׽׽˹㼸˰̧߾УҲҪһȥˣɵӶ֪ôӦ
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Ҫ˺ˣΪѹ£ڵĿֻ𣿽һҪֱǲǰ첿ֱƵ˹ǰ
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üһϱ߼쵼С
첿Ǳ߸ĻӦǿԣΪ˱ǲֹһλʦ
ҪһԼ˶룬ܱ¶Ϣ
ǣǳھƵ귿￴һĻһұֱ


166 
һԾͷƽ˵οҲԣֱҲʱʲô
ƽֱҪôУҪôæ׽˽鷳
εĿͻ˵鷳һҶʧԼıֻҵŮΪɺϳڼңһ٣ѰҼˡ
һ˵ѾͷԱߵ衣
ȻȫױϾںΪʲô첿һֱֻںⳡֱܻ޴ǸԼ۵ĺûᣬܴ
ң֮ǰǧº̶ܴӰ쵽ҶʼǶ񶾵ġżһļǧȻԭȷʵżһһԭѹûüչʾ͹һֶΣȱһٴ⣬ίءΣҪᣬúúһװһװһĿе󣬼ȦǮ
һӣҪжƣһͶСķӣǱס˸ߵĸо
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ֻʣһ裬ǾˮˮŹ֣ڹﾡԴСƢ¶˳ÿˮѲǣҲһûʲôƢƽϣȥˡ
һĴСƢҲգǲŶԷ輸ǰˣƢһͳһŻƷŻȥˡ
Դҳº󣬶ЩĶŵúܣһɶġ
ڣᣬҲ˸ʰ̯ӣ˲ʰҲɨĲ˵ڣﶼҪרŵıˡ
һֱˣֱͲöԶԶģ꼰Լһ˵Ҫֱ˵첿˼Ⲩνϲ콵ܰһظ裬ܴǧۡ
ǣɶҲ裬ǲһ˵Ҫȥ˵ʲôĲԼİ͸ǣۼû²С
һôĻԣ̬ǰת˿ţ浱ɵĲɡ
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һûǣɱ衣ε¼УΣգǾֲˡ
ʱ裬֪һ룬ר־ذһ˳£żŮ
ϵķҲʼת䣬ȻǼǧ𣬵Ҳܺߣ£ֲһСӤܾģңȻǼٵģʮ˵ദǼٵģǧ
豾ʶһһһںûʲôìܣ֪ΪʲôӦһһһǮſϾ˵±ôҶһѪΪǮſϾԼˡ
뵽Լ֮·ÿһһǲһȻҲἸͿżȨƺԴȦԴС
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ɵܶ࣬һͣں첿ûͷܣֱԽԽ֣Ҳûܡ
ǾƵֻǳֱü˵ĶͨͶǧ֮ˣ磬йԼĲҪǻһ˺ţ϶ЩȫСȥ
ǳ֪ԼĶôŭ𣬷ǿЩڮ١һ
ҲÿѾһˣﲻʲôæֻܸɵۿš
ǳһ춼ˣѼƵģֻץ
ڣʱһ첿˼ϣ׼ҡ
ڿǰһҲһǴԽ̸߽һΪҪ󣬿ֳһеҲһЩԹԴʹ֣֮൱ڷڴһ͸ӵ磬뷨Զۡ
⻹һ㿪۵Чһһֻܿħ֣ѿԹõи˲ܲҲ޷񿴴ɫһؿֻһµַԣý뷨ÿ˶ܿһʦĶ
첿˸ں룬жˣһϴ󣬾Լ⼸ʮжˡ
ȻֻԷڵĿռã豸Ӱ죬ЩͷĹǣֻҹɭȹլҡ
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Ѻһӵģ˵ͷֻʮ죬ʮûϢˡ
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ֱʲôĲ²ⶼУֱԶֵֹĹڣ첿ĸ߲㡣
첿Ĳ͸ڻؿֱԱ߻վ˵顣
ʱӦøȥģһλͻ֪ʲô񲣬Ŀ˵ôΣգӦͷһŮˣԹԴ棬ȴǿͺá
˲Ϊʲô첿ӵ໻һλƽô»㡱ͻ˾ȴ֪
ԭȥΪһϰæôһ˱ضΣأǳֺõĻȻһӦ˺ôһһڣ첿ʮ˺ƸλʦбضĺûᣬֻҪͻ˴£˴󹦣Ȳһݣͻλ
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׼ֱ׽¶첿ˣĺ𣿡
첿һ¶Ժ첿ĴڲҲͱ¶ˣǹҲҴŵⲿŴҲͱ¶ˣڲֻ
˴ϻ۾Ƥɳڣͷϡ軨ףѾʮˣһֱûݣ첿ͬţ˷ҲһݣЩѧģԽԽλԽߡ
Сడ㲻ֱСүүӦͬЩ껹Ӥʱڵ֪࣬ͷ첿𣿡
ʲôྪõɴۡ
˵۾͸ԲԲľƬȥɭͷе˿첿ߺܾˣβǵɫƣΪ첿ǳصģٲҵڸУǵñϢҵҪû첿ЩӸλˣҪôЩѧ޷⡣
ĬҴһ¼ľ仰ԣ͵ôȥ


167 
˵ûʱ֪ʱұһһ⡣
ǽ۷ʲôȽϡѰѽʵΨԽ߻ڲסпϡ޷úҪһ츳˵ҲѾı߶ˣڣҪԽ߷ϴ󾢶̸һԼķټһҹԼյֱȡתΪԼǿһıߡ
ϡ֣ΪͺϡҲϡأҽԺ̫ƽĹػء
첿˸һ֮ǰ˯ķ䣬صĵطתת
һֻ豣ܣﲻϱæ򵥵ĵܲվŲɻɣĹ
㲻İճԸָľͷһֻ̨㣬ʵЩªˡ
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˵ΪʣǲСˣǣϣ׷ײ²;˳ΪС˾ֵˡаˣսɣеĶҲԼϡ
ΪϢֻܺҲ²⣬ѹƢʹóֶΣҿԣҪҵļ˺ûСҲЩҵļ˶ǺܺúˣҰְ֪Ķаţźʦаģǲ֪аȻʦĴ򲻹ҰֻǺİæǣѡ
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绰ͨΪڵĴųǳ֣־͹ڣ˵ֻûźţһֱֻźš
ȻһΪ֮ķӰ쵽˵ͨѶ豸Լġ
첿Ǳ߸˽˸绰ֱܲĸҲӵԳCоĵ绰ҪǷһֱ䡣
ֱܲAУǹµģҲȷô㣬ǸAеľBеľ绰ѯ
ӣCеסˣAģ첿ڣ첿ҲֲAУټϻйϵӰ죬ֱĻӦǲ׼⡣
˰ңҵıɡȻҪѱɡȨսȱҾ֮һ
Щֱ޼ɵķԣѸϷʹѾռ˻ƽ̨ĸѰףһ׮׮һܺѪĿߡ
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ӣѵŭһԵ첿ˣֻ첿˲ֱ֪˵ĵĻǻԴֵķ䡣
첿ǿԮһǽµĻܷɣһǴƹǬ
첿ҲµķɶˣD֮һ˵Ըǳ飬ܷɸǷҵĴDĵλء
һλǬĵλֱ࣬ߣ۱֣Ӧʦ塣
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裬ڳ˶ûйעֱ䣬ȫüͷעǰΣա
һڣµ󣬸һ磬һ£ͻұֹаܳȥȻƽ鷳ĽͲῪ
Ϊ첿ͷ˲࣬ͻͦŸָһ첿ˣٲȻһ첿һѹ޶ãԼԼ׼µĵߣͻһۡ
ͻӹӸλˣ˭ӣһһԱ첿Ŷû͸̬ȶ
ܺǬǱȽϵӹͻһĻ
Щʱ䣬һѾһ׼ſڰ˷󣬲ŸˣʧٵЩ˶ڱֻڵıڵı̫һѾֻץ˹ԼչĹ
ٲǿĹչ磬˽ڵλغϣ޷൱һصռ䡣
أˣûбɱתɹԶز˽硣
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˵أʹó̫ƽ䡢᳡Ĺػװֳһ㣬ͨС棬ѵһɷǺ
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˻һ˵ҿԴֻĹ磬*ڳ˯ֻҪȥ˾ȳͺá
ʲôǬɴۣ׻ĺӶڲܴ򿪹磿
һƽ˵Ϊʲôܣûѧûѧɷ򿪵Ĺ粢Ϲʱ֮һĹ磬ֻԼһССռˣ൱Ҿˣʲôеġ
Ǭں˵˵ûѧôʧˣСﵽʦţܲҲѧѧ
Ǭ˵ˣ˾ţȻû뵽һôϵ
ȻͻɲţôһëѾͷʦǶû϶װ
ֻͻƤЦⲻЦسǣŶСôչʾһ£ҪǴ򲻿磬ͳ̹ףΣͷܺĿˡ
һͻǰںõķӳһŻƷ˵Ҳ֣ķֽһȴͬӲľƬһɳȥ˵ǣɳȥķֽͻͣ˿УҴβȼȼĻƷûбɻҽ£ʣѪµķġ
ЩƯڿеķĺһ㣬ɢԷĸλģٲȻַš
һ䣬һһİ׹ָɳǵš
ţһѵԽȥˣţǹˡ
ڳѻȸҲֱĹڻΪЩЧֳֻһжྫͨ
ʱͻѾʼͷðˣ׻е㱾µģ֪ˣһװ˹硣ңѴ򿪹ķⷿΨһһϣǴȻÿ˶ý硣
ؼǣǸղżӵʱ֣֪Ϊʲôˣ޷ƴҲ˵ˣ粻Ҳý
Ȼһ˶УҲز


168 
һһֱӲعСʱ۾գضĻҲѾʼ¼ֱ¼һ֡һ֡Ѱһֱ©һЩﾵͷֽΪ͸ϸߵţֻЧĺۼ
ȻһΪֱȻƵЩϵıǶһ
ֻֿܣҪôֱġȺݡݼ̫ãݳ˿ӣһҲЧҪôһжġ
ĹƫЧԱǵݼ棬Ϲ޲ʼ󱳷Ǻע˸ѧС
뵽һǰֱʱЩڵµ˳ֱڳԻ˵ЩĻЩ˿¶˲ɴ϶ΪǱһǺ޸ˡ
ǳһСʱרעûעʱ䣬ʥ绰ߴ٣ŷѾˡ
û취ȥʥ̫鷳ˣǳֻܸʥǸ˵ȥҶӣһٵ
Ȼǳ⻰˵̫ˡ
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ⲢϷһֱ䣬ֱַ̫࣬Ӹ֪ǮֱжҲΪʵΪֻ˽˹磬ûźţֱжˡ
ǳֻźڵֱ䣬þ˯á
ǳһҹû˯£ߵ㣬ǿ룬ϴȴٴյһֱ俪
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Ȼεֱ˺ܶˡ
첿ľӢԱʮˣҲ˸ͻǬͻܲڣټһ裬ܹ24ˣһô˰˸ˣ
˵һˣʵ̫˿ȥˣ˽һˣɵҲÿԾˡ
˰˸ֱֵʮˣȥĶʮ˻ͬһˡ
ȥĶ첿첿ˣʮˣһ֡
Ҿſˣڣҷ򸾡Ϻãɫ԰ף΢ˣûд󰭡
һǮӦҪˣ˵ǣԼȴˡ
ֱһֻ򿪵ģһֻ붼ûУΪľǷʱ䵱ֱ
һ˲ˣسˣ첿Ǳֻ߸˻Żһֻп
첿Żֻĸ첿Ա˵Ǭͻܡ
ʦڱ۶ѪվվڷһǴˡ
ֱ͵͵򿪵ģڳƺ֪飬ֱ򿪺ֻصɳзܱ֤ĵĴ󲿷
͵һкһӵؿͷ֡
ֱĹһͷˮզ㵽һʱԱˣ
ۼָλϢ˾֣Ҷӡ
ȫҶȳˣôֻһܳˣ
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ǿҪ
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ֵȻʵ򣬸Ҫ֣Ҳ˲ñģˣȽϴץ𷿼İʳȥ
첿ʣļ˼״ϽˣڸʲôٴҪˣȥ𣿡
첿ҲⲿŵԱˣԹۡ
ҶֿҾҪɱŮҴһһʲôɣ
첿ĸͻҲڣʣµĶ첿ͨԱҲ첿ľӢǴǳɱ˾ɱˣ֪ʲô춼ţΪɱ˾Ͳɱȥ˶ǹ
ǼһæȥȰܣҶغ
ǿһĻѾˣ׷ڵĻ﷢ʡ
ʲôʲôôˣֺŮ費ǻúվ𣿡
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ҿǺ˾ƾʲô˰
籾һϹȥôˣֶôˣȺһǮҹϷüǮɣ
֤ⲻǾ籾Ҵұ·濴;ӰǶΧˮйͨ˭ý
ⲻǾ籾ǲûˣ
й۱ˣһ

ڳ˵ĻҵĻԼͽͣڹ﷢ʲôˡ
ԭһ˽磬ɢȥѰұڸˣȺòˣ׼һ뿪ȴָӡ
ǹҪأֵ˵
һɲܾˣ˾Ҫ뿪˵ȻûһϳǣǶжˣ£ʲô඼ԹˣһŵöЩɵڿһϵһһ˵ʲôǶ
첿ͻɲǵ˵ģҪȥҸҲȳ
˫ϣһɲͻһҪߡ
ͻˣһֱһӣͿһˣǱԼ첿ȥѹһԼĻǲָӣ谭ԮʲôԺͳԲ˶ߡ
һɲǺ۸ģͻҲûָ˵仰ܻסһֱ첿Աѳȥ·ϣһҲø
첿Աһڹֱ֣̫Ӱֻˡ
ֻѾǹɷˣһѣ˶군
ں͹ɷ򶷵ĹУͻΪԼĹͣ͵ȥҸӸȳȻհ˾ȳֻɷ͸֪ˣתɱ
ͻйɷһ״ҲȫûҪæ˼ͻֱӱɷ˺롣
ɷѾˣĹǴ򲻹ģֻܱߴˣϣ˵ڴӳȥȣǹɷҲˣҲùڹ͹ɷȫѹŴ
һ·ߴҵ˳ڣȴһص⣬һڳƺ޷ص˽硣
Ǵţź粻磬ǹķ䡣
ԭҲܼ򵥣ɷѾ˹磬˭Ҳȥ
ǣһԳȥֻΪԼ׼õĹλơԼǮԼ̵ģķĺ֣֮λܰѲڱͻԼ磬֮ͨķþһµǸͨš
ӵƵˣֻҪָԼѪҺϣɴ˽ţ뿪硣
ʱ˶һȻһһûˣֻ׼ʮƣʮԼãֻԱʱ֮衣
û뵽ʱ֮ô졣
ؼǣӵſ˿ԶԶֹʮҰоˣһкüͻˣ첿ʮ˻ţλʦ
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һ٣Ҳ٣ɼȷʵ֮ˣˣһһһ顣
첿Աе˳Ҳеֻͨˣĸеģ״Ҳơ
˺úף˵ǧǶ𣬿һǲ
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Ȼ豻͵ϮŲƣܵÿɿˣһ־ܡ
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ڵһϼΣδһ¹
㲻ܲҰҸǮкܶǮҪҶ㣡㣬裿ҲǧˣҲְĳ谮ؼҴүĻԼҶҪˣȾңˣ
ʣµ֪ԼɣѾʼЦѾ񡣲ҲǱڹܿ־ĥˡ
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ȻһûɡΪѡ˱񣬰ԼƸ裬һưƽź
ΪһҪôǼȣҪôȻбõƣǱʲôΨû뵽һİ취һԼĳ·
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Ҷں衱ں衱
Щ£ʶ˵Ҳ֪ҵƣƸˡ


169 첿
˷Ӧ̾ҪȥˣΪռݵƸߵ㣬͵ֱһһ߰ڹȥ
ǣֱһߵؿʼ֣ңڳæҵ첿ˣֻʱǻ֪Щ첿Ǻ֪ܶ첿Ĵڡ
ֱ΢Ǭͻܿʼ첿֣ǬȻܾЩԼıһѿеĽȥЩͷˣз⣬ֱָ֣㣬ֻɷε׺ûйϵ
ǬϻѪ˿ǳǱһߵĻܿŵ׺ЩҲ൱ء
첿ӳ⼸ûһܹµģ״Щԣ⻰ʲô˼
ȺŲҪܣ첿˿첿Աһ𿪣ŵǱ߻ǹ磡
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첿߹֣𼱣ǲ棬ܿͻǡ
ǬŽ첿ԱϽ첿Ǭ൱ģΪǬͻܶǵ¸صĴʦŵĵλ廹ߡ
첿Ҳֱֻ֣嵲ס֣ʣǻʲô˼֮ǰҲҺŮĹϵʲô
Ǭҧ൱֮ŭ֮ǰǸң˵СӲ£˵£⺦˸Сұ̯ӣ˵ǹ󻯹֣аͬУȻǣ޹˵ȻҪֽǣŮܻڶ̶̼ʱͨɹɷһΪʲôţǰʲôʣ֪Ƚǹ磬Ůϵļͷ䣬Ҳ֪ԭȻǱץȥǰ˷˵ĥԹԳ죬֮˾Թץס
㣬Ů֮ˣǲģ
Ҳ֪ŮǰļͥƽѹӴʿôͱˣǣ˿Ϊ֮
־ԼӶӳˣ˽ǷᣬﷸҲȨģ˭ھ쵽֮ǰȻԷҲǹɱˡ
첿һԾɶ˷׷׿֣ҧأϣ˵ʲô֪Ů֮˭ץȥˣҰ軨Ǯץģˣ
ϰ¡˳ӵ첿ԱʱɫҲÿΪᰲҺ˵ģô־ǳǮģǵЩǮµĽʿ
ҲϺˣǸƤӣ֪ѣ̲סֿȳһѪ˵ΪѪˮú壺㻹ǲ˵ʵǽ˶ˣûҺ˭ƿСµĽ硣
´Ҷˣ첿Ҳٻ֣ٲ˵ʵ첿ǿĿİͰ͡鲻Ը˵ǹŮģʱǱһˣһȥ˺üجΣҰֵŮԩ겻ɢңλʦ
ԭµȥʼնûкʹ˵ʵҶû˵ʵ
ֲǲСŪ˵ģǹģˬͷͬʱƽŰɱɱҲͷɴͰŮŪˣŪҲִΪڵǮƣе͵عᣬеǰ취ѹ׮ӣµĲع⣬µܺ߱ɹ֡
־Ϊǿһλʦʦܺ߳ȵģǴʦֱӰԹץˣǰǹɱˣɢûκһ˿ܾҵĿܡ
ⲻ֪뵽ֻںǮں͵µĴʦҲʲôöǴʦУЩͬʦֵܣΪĲпʦţƾԼһЩаΪһЩ߽ݾ£˲Ǯ
־ȱǮɾͰǡĲ䡱ǮӦץŮͬʱ᲻ŮŨԹ뽫ԹŮΪԼٿص
ʵһЩСа࣬еΪʦ֣ʦŵģڡĲ䡱ٿֻŮͷҲ֡
֮ԱŽֹֹΪ£аҪǣǵ裬вױɡ
оǵͣΪܿƵסΪŮⲻ֪ŮиӤ̥УٿסŮʱǰӤҲ˹Ӥһı
ܶ䴫˵ֶΪŮ˺СֻΪױ˺ҲȺɱַŮˣŮӤ
ЩȺܵ˺ӹ֪
ΪԼֻץ˸Ůⲻ֪иδͲŮӤԷ٣ɱ
˾ңɵˣҹңܿ
ҵԼ¶ܶϸҪôѣҪôͲᡣǲ˵ԼһʬĲҰҲ˵ǰҹȥץںŮ֮ҲɣͶ̥ҲͶɣ˵ʦܣԶ֮ϡ
ɵһλлҪһʦȺ¿ɺãȺҲڹˡ
ڳֻôЩˣһҪ˵ȥⲻ֪ΪռƸߵ㣬͵ֱӣ˵Ļֱˡ
ҶĻɱ֣ôôݶ˰
Ҫ˵鵽˽棬ٷ֮ʮŵζϣаٷ֮һҪ˵첿ϡ
˵û˹첿ʲôôû˵
͹ª˰ɣû˵749Ӻ925ӣ첿Ƶģȫʿƫࡣ
ͻܷҲ𣿡
ҿû˵첿𣿡
ˣЩ˰˵Ǯ첿첿ȥ𣿡

һʱ֮䣬Ѿȫɿصĵز첿˴ʱҲˣûϵͻȻڹˣҲûϵ͵͵ֱôĹϡ
ȥǰһֱ£ڳ˶֪˶ܱ¶ݣǶǡԱ˭ϣһڲ֪£¶вñ¶¡
ֻε£ѧƵǰôѧͻΪľ֧֮ڶҪٷйܿصô첿ܸרƹһ첿ȨΧͻ󡣿û뵽ⳡֱȻֱӰ첿¶ˡ
˵ֻ챻ͬ¡쵼ˣʱֻܸϽԸࣺϵֱ˺Ÿˣֱˣ죡
ҪᣬڷֱͻȻʱѾϵֱ
ֻϧΪ迪ֱȽͻȻ˭ҲûԤϵ£ʱǺܶ˶ûϵģֻעһֱķ˿ǲżȻյ͡
Щλߣѹƽʱעһ»ȥˡ賿࣬˻˯أҲ࣬ȷֲԾʱֱ¼Ѿϴˡ
ٶƵֱзҲ޼£ԵƵݸʵԽֹʲôЩ졣


170 
һֱ䱻ˣ˺ŶˣֱֲץΪжĺҪ˻ÿء
ǣBоͳһЩײͨ棬˵ץĳĳһǧ𡱵˺ţҥԣṫ˶Ӱ죬Ѿȴ顣
ʵϣѹνġĳĳˡȻҲɵԴȫˣͨǹرյģΪҿһȫǵɡ
ӣٷҲûټڶȥֻܿǳ첿ڡ
ȻҪ첿ڣҲ͵ڼӳ¼Ĵڣ϶˹Ĵڣ⽫ı䲻֪˵ָĽû˹ǼĻ
ԣٷڳ첿֮ǰϸɣƶδڽ̵ĹƶǷɡ
δڶĹ϶ľ֧һϸ񣬱ϾԾҲԺˣԹƣͨ춼޷ƵΣ
Ȼڴ֮ǰȰҵ½˲С
ۿڽһ绰̱ϣʧ𾪡
ûã첿һĹٷʱӹܣΪ߳һʼһֱҵ£˲صĴڱְ죬첿ɸ߲쵼ӹܣศ
߲ϵѧЭͷѧǱߵˣ취ðŵ˾ȳ
ҪЩ˳͵֪ľ
˵ศΪʱ˵λ쵼ѧҪľ߻ֻҪöС
ļλѧʦҲõȿǣֱһ˺Žϵڳһֻ裬ƵͨߵĴʦǺýô졣
ڣϵˣʱҲûȤֻϣǬͻվǰ첿ᡣ
⣬һһµ磬ҪΪ˷ֹҳ⣬ֻɷܳȥ
һСܾ˵ΧˣֻҶһЩصĵطɷⶫϹˣܴ׷ʵɼһߣѾ˲ĳ̶ȣҪܳȥ֪ɱˡ
ԣһ磬ʹԽߣ˶ƽⲻˣ±һǿ˳֣Ҳƽ⣬ΪǴԽǸһֽ磬˽ԭӲƲС͵һҲ˻ȥ
ڶǣʦȺ棬Ǭʱ˻ԣڵʱǬԼҲֻܴһǶһƣûȺȻȺ˵ҲǬʦֶϣǬ϶˾ȳġ
գⶼΪһ⣬ǾǾһһ˶
ʱһƣͻȻΪʲôһŵظơΪһκ˱ڹ棬˶һѾ˼ȥȣܻΪѶ̫󣬻ٴԱѡȹˡ˻һ򿪽ġԿסôͱðվȹˡ
ͳƣӡ
һֱһĵˣ֮ǰûκν֪ΪʲôͥҸʳǳ裬ǻĪȥһһСԭͥŮİŮˡ
ҲǴʱ𣬿ʼһĹϵһȹֹһΣ˱ûκθöɣΪʲôҪȥʶԷأ
˼ǬϣС㣬鷳ǿóһ¡
ԭǬλʦôҲĶѧϰһЩϵҲᵽһЩĴܻԴԽԼơǣǱ룬ܲһǵƣͼ뿪ҽ磬߿ܱܲٴӹһΡ
ǣ˵ƶóһȻʧǣǵ*ʹһκ󣬳˷ǳصѺۡ
ɼӦֻܱǴӹͻƳһΣΪ类ɷǺľԼűǳġľƣֻһʯеղؼֵࡣ
ˣһ˿ϣˣ˲ɵ̾
ֱֻţκһˣΪ˲ɱΪΡ˵˹ɷεǰᱣ첿Աˣ֪ǾȻԼͬһҲһ֮
ʱͻȻʣǵƶ𣿡
Ǭͻܶһۣͷ˵ǵģΪֻҪƣбضעԼԭȵķ䲻ͬǶܽ˸Ļܴӹ뿪ķ䡣
ǰһƣΪֻƣܴﵽһûеϡܽڻΪ֮١
ǬЩһʿǵ޻ǷޣòܽϡڻΪԼ඼Լˣ˭ȥƣҲÿһʹԽŲ
ôҲһֱȻˣûɶˣ֪ԼֱܶƣЩҿкܶܲùٷЩָǣ
Ǭͻܾõɴֺۣöֱֱôٸǣ
֮ǰǬͻܸôһŮǿʵ츳Īľ硣ǬʦֶǵĹϵ㲻ڳķҲϵǬҲδǶ˵һ¡
ܸûˣҪ첿ҵֻá
֪Ͼĺö˵ЩƱһԼʮļǮȥǽһʹֱɷлʹ
˵ʵҪ֪һעƣĻ˵ܶꡣ
ܿ죬ֻͨ첿ˣҪһȥЩƣҪĻ磬ͽǲܽˡ
ȥĶջĵ
Ҳ˵ЩƵ˴󲿷ֶǲǮǲʹö˵ЩƴҲΪȷʵ¶ˣ˼ƱأѾõֲúƵһ٣ˡ
ԣҪϵЩ˶ѣ첿û취ֻϲ룬ȫһơ
ǣж͹棬͵BˣԻͽһ
ʮ룬һ׬ûš
ԭҲܼ򵥣ڹٷ֮ǰڹٷ첿ѧ֮ǰЩƵˣѾ֪ƵĺôֻϲԵѻڻɡܵ٣൱ڶһϣ˭ȥͽɳ֡۱ӡһֱƵˣҲȱһ
Ȼôһ⡣
ǳŹٷ迪һֱȫƵƵͳԼʱ̴ڲϵƣȻĴСһ㶼ǳӯƽţֻһĪ죬ǰǺͲ˺ܶࡣ
һģһΪƣķĶһֻġ
ǳ룬һƶѣܾһһˣԺҲͲΪԶһеΡˡ
ǣǳֻʱ䣬Ѿ쵽ʥڶԼʱˣһΣû̫ʱɻѣҪҶӳĺ࣬ʥͻʱȰ˵ҶӼսӣһҶӾͳˡ
ƵͨǲܣǳҶӣչĳ⣬Ҷͨĺ룬̸Ƶ
ǳѡ񣬵Ҽҿݵ㣬ĵBȥFУؿҲһʱ䡣
ڶѡǳǩĺ࣬СʱִܵBУȥұҲҪһСʱ
Ǿһ˲Ž
ǳ̾˿ûԥʰһ߸ʥϢǸ˵ԼˣҶӳĺڹʻǳBеĺһһֻȥBлƱ˳㻹Bйٷϵ绰ȥԼһһƣṩ첿æˣFУܿͻBС
û뵽绰תӵ첿첿˵Ըƣǳˣǳλã˵԰ŵػ˽˷ɻBС
ǳһ첿ͦᣬֱӰ˽˷ɻִǸΪ첿˽˷ɻ棬ӡŹϼŵlogo˲˵ĸо
ϵ˽˷ɻʲô
ǳͻȻǸ̳˹˳Ҳпһƣǹүӻ߼ӻ̻õģѲɹ˳


171 
ǳŹϵ˽˷ɻֱʱͣƺ֪Ϊʲôϵķɻܸ첿á
˳ȻҲ͵ұ棬ŵģǹһĹ̻
ǳǸͦԵˣϳ˱˭죬һΣһԵ˼ûС
ƫƫԽʲôЩԽһǳ
첿ֻյǳ͹˳İȻǳȴĵ绰˳Aй졣
Щǳ벻ѡ
˳ڳûв֪ģλϵļ̳ˣִĹϻ̫ĽĽǿ֮ӡ
ϵıۺ첿½ε쵼ҪԹ˳¶Ц꺮ůͬʱΪ˳ǣүүİɣ׽ǣ᲻ԼвõӰ죿߻յһȺڵƣҪûȥɡ
Ⱥǳﵽ㷭ۣô˳ǱĲǳľͲôǴ·߼ģ
ǳ޵ıдϣ첿쵼ûһۣԹ˳ʱЦӶס˫̶Сۡ
࣬ǳҲǵһμˣڹ˼լʱͼǳӡͣڹ˼ʱǸӲܴ󣬵򶨵Сϡ
һǳ˼ʱͿóǳȫѧȦӵˣһ˸ȫеʵྪȡȥ֪һǳĹϵȻϵĽá
ǳһԶ£ಢ֪飬춢˼ҽõ£ԣڴʱǳ̬ȻǺġ
СᣬFɻ·ϻ˳
ǳ״ͷͦõģϵķɻȡ
ĽͣǾͺãȫƵĹ棬˼˸лȹ˳ڹ˳ĻѾǳȹˣǾҲûʲô
ǳһ䣺˼ô󷽵ģ
ǳ֪Ϊʲǹ˼˵дգ˼ô
൫Ц˼ҵȻûôˡ
ʱ첿쵼ͬ˳˵үүðɣòһˣϴεķ粨廹ûָҲбѡˣҪ㻹ǰûȥɣ˳үү˵Bн㡣
˳Զһɽ˵ҪԿǸŮû£үү˵ʲôҵģҲԸҵ̵ģʲô𣿡
ǳʱֻӬһܣ֮ǰҲôģһԸ̵ģܾ˵иһ塣
ȴû뵽˳Ҳôġ
ôһҲжرͬ˳Ҳһ
˳ôΪ˿Լš
Դӹ˼ҵһˣһͷβû˵仰ǼᶨΪһرһ˵Ҳر𣬲ȻΪʲôһôȻؽΨȻš˵
ʵ㲻һ£˳ҲµʱB㶨˼ҵЩ󣬾;Bг˳㻹ܼһ
ֻһ֮Եû˵ϼ䣬˳ǶǸȴֳֻǮ̬֡ȵŮͺƤӣ˭ԽǿԽҪϸȥ׷˼ҡ
첿쵼̾˿пҲ̫ظˡ
˳ۿ΢죬ҧҲ׼ǸŮδһΣգҲûȵҾ
ǳ۾ҿ֪ĻΪʲô鹷Ѫֳˡ
ηȻû뵽˼Ҽ̳ӣϽǳץʱԲߣúĿǰе񣬾ܰ˾ȳ
ȣ˰ͽȥ˲ˣΪܹ񣬽ȴʮʮˣΪһֻһ˽ȥ͵ţһһܹҲܽػҲֻܽҲûȡ
ǣһƽȥȻһһصһһ˽ӳ
֮ƵҪڳƵˡ
ǳ͹˳ðƽ첿һֵиˣɴƽȥ˽ӳ
Ȼֻ첿İ취веͨÿʵ
첿һλʦǳ͹˳ƽеһγԡ
ȻһγԾʧˡ
һƵܴµĽ磬ֻ첿ͱ˵Ĳ²⣬ûеõһĿ϶
ԣʧģλʦƣν磬Ҫ߽ұʧˡ
ÿһ粻Ϊ˺ˣž߳ˣǱ
ʦҡͷ̾ʾԴ޿κΣ⣬һڽдУֻлĻĹܣ̫ͨˡһ񣬲һһĺãĵ̣ķĸӸҺö඼Ũһ֪ЩƳɣֻϧ
ֻϧʲôæʡ
ǳ͹˳Լ첿ԱҲڽŴʦȴ¾仰
ֻϧڶҹȷʵܴǽңǣ̫Ũˣ߶ע˼ǿӦΪ֮ԭȵˣ˭õֻһͨʯͷ
ôӦһΪĳһ񣬲ŻעǿԱˣҲֹ˼˻ȥá
ڳһ˳ȿˣüͷ˵ôֻҵȥˡ
˳Ϊһǿ顣
ҿ˳ȴϣʦɿһǿȥǿͨ񣬲˵ǿϵȵơ
˳ɫɰת࣬ٲȻѾ߳ŭļ
ϽϴʦĻǳʹɫСᣬİɣֻ鷳ȥһˡ
֮ǰǻ룬һһ˾ܾȳһôʱþȹˣֻҪǬЩ˾ȳСڹ˺͹һĽţ뵽취ˣٽ
ֻǳãҲֻһ˽磬ּ򵥵ķ˲̫УֻܿǳԼȥһһǽ˵ĹؼΪһ취
ǳҲɵ˿ΪҲ֪һ취ڼ򵥣С첿˿ܻΪ˼Աһ
һ˲Ϊ˾ȱģΪ˾һģһǰ
ӴʦӹǳŶĶ˳໹˼ŷֽôʹ̵ģǳ˼ԿʹʵѧЩʱŶֲѧϰ˵Ҳûɶá
̶ֽǳô̸ĶԶһ֮ǰ̹һ򵥣ôһԱȣǳ֪һֱһЩ֪ʶ˷ǰȶԱ˶˲֪ġ
Ҳãͨ׶ҲãǷݸнٵĹЩûжԱȵʱǳûжϡ棬ֱ֪ϰΪֿɵõչˣ붼ûŴ


172 þ
ûһǳأͬһδ֮ڿڵǷݰһ
ǳܹϵһһ߽ɭңһı·ްο
ȻǳʱĽԶΪ˴һ㣬ƽûнһǳС
첿˼ǳƽȥȫ˿ֻй˳ﲻæֲߣղŻ鶪˺ôɫѿ
첿쵼ο˵ǳһǰã˿϶һҪ
˳һ΢ɫҲǣںһʶãȻȲ˼ҵáû£ȳһеǻȹЩʲôˡѡ
һ£첿֪˹ϼ̳˶һ⣬׷ײ²˵Ĺϵ
̽ѰĿ⣬˳ܣʵһûͨĺ룬ȴѾԷΪ֮
ȴ˵һߣǳӾͽңʱ˿ͺͿ˾һ㣬׷¶ϲɫ
Ϊһǳֹ˿Ծһƣ˲ʳˮϴԼһЩҪĲϺ͵ߡ
Ҳ˵Ǭûûˮһһҹ˵ǼڹˣǶ˰£һŶּĵһ
ұгԵģǲǱڱǱС˶֪
Ψһĳھͨţǳ濪Ž䣬Ҫţȴֻܽķ䡣
ԣǳڽǰ͵ãȥ󣬾ǱһԱˣÿҪҪΪ˾һԼ
Ȼǳû⣬ֱžͽȥˡ
ζţǳ߽ȥס˱ӡ
ĿеؿǳǳϽѱĲóָҡ
󲿷ʲƽȵطָңֵַֻһСƿˮһڳԵĶûС
ԭҲܼ򵥣ֻһҪȴеﷸûʸðͽʳ
Ա㣬Ҳоһ㡣
ǬͻܶǳǿϵķģźҡͷʾĲˣķĹǿǶԴΪҲǼӳϣһ
ĿǰΨһİ취Ǽϣڹһܻų
ǣҶ֪ڹﵽǸʲôǲ֪һʲô鷳ֻ֪һûܺһΪƸ衣
ʱǳĿϣҲ
էһȷʵƵĵط絥ͺͱӣһ۾ȫͬ
׽ãĿǰ˭Ҳ˭
˵ǰһûˣΪƱߣһԼģŵһܸһȥһƣôһϣӳ
ã˳ǿȻԽûôһƣ˵䵽һϣа취ı;ء
ԣľǣǳŶǿƽһѹ˳ǿƽһһӳʣ±ڹˣǾֻˡ
ڹʱôǬͻһֻֿɷһѹСܶ࣬Ǭ뿪һԹɷǷ񻹻ŶǸ⡣
һѾˣˣôȥһǳҲɡ
Ǭ߻ܴǳȥǵϣɹؼǣǳǿֻԼá
һʱ֮䣬ǳ˹ϵڳġҶǹı
ǳΪڳκһλͲƸԶǰЩ˿࿴һۣΪڹϵԷŶ˵˼û裬Ȼֱ˼ᡣ
ǳսʱ軹һʶǳӣȿֱֱֳһõĺýģ
оͷڣǳҲ˵ʲôصͷţ̤ⱲӴδҲû˵Ĺ硣
ղŵұȻ֣ˮ綼ӦڵĵƹʲôıͬȣɭޱȣڿڵĵطľѪʬ塣
ǳһμʬ壬ô֪ڹάǰһģ֪ж졣
ѿB¶ȴöˣֲǺĵ䣬һִӽŵ굽󱳵䣬ͺ񱳿ҽԺذһ
ǳûͻȻеһϮܵĵذ塢컨忪ʼѪȶ͸Ѫһǳߵķ̽˫ն۾
ǳŵͷƤ飬ȴǿǰߣһֻֽ߬ƣһֻסԼͣŵüг
ȻЩ۾һ߾ڹʬ壬Ⱥʬţǳôļ̣˶ˣֻһ˫ʶؼǰߡ
ʵǳҲ֪ȥһֻƾоɭĹУѰһеȫĵطǡãڿĳʱ΢΢ȣָǳ
ڣЩˣΪǳ񣬲ҿһпܱϵķĺˣˣɢ
ִı¥¥ȴȳ˿֨죬ǳһ¥ݾˡ
һ·оգǳҵָĺԺ
֪ΪʲôһӾرվţ֪ʱһ״ԡ
һȻ۵ģ˫񣬾㱵վӾرϣԻٶӾߡӾȫǻǵĺˮ֪׶ʲôΣ
ǳһ߳һ󺰣һ߳һȥһѣˣ
һһһ
һ˰ɣССȥ¼ȡ֪ͨˣյϢһ죬ССǺúףһ¡һͷŵβбǰŰڻЬŮЦ˵
ǳסˣֻǰ˼ͺ̤һȫİĵط
ﲻǹɭڰĺԺһʮͳϷӣɫǽᣬľƵļҾߡϾɵĵ͵ϵøɾĵשϵƤţԼϻڵĵߵ䡣
ģǳɵˣվשûеϣֱǻשˣһŷӣǸźһŮˣЦ⣬Ьžͷ°
Ůᣬһ泩ͣɾ
תͷƳǳһۣһ˫ˮͫζǳʶס˺Ǻÿģÿú֣־͹ǳȻе졣
ǳֻվȣӴ󳨿Ĵ￴ǸŮݵĳų߳һΧȹŮˡ
ǸΧȹŮˣȻúһһģһ
ǳԭأһ𣿿ȫһһǳǸһ
һͬϵĺۼĥϸơɳڵƤֲڵƣ΢΢ʱĳᣬǳһȫͬ
ǳʮǲʲôþˣĹǲǸʩӻԻˣ
ǳɻѵʱһഺŮ㣬鷳һº𣿡
һģʮŮһļһĿݡ
ȻǳԼûѧûյѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֱŮŵĿݣǰǸŮᵽ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
Ů˺һˣ


173 İ
ÿϳ˵ǳûԹ⻹û̷ӦС˵ĻþֻΪĻþΪסһĻþ
еĻþһֲ˸еĻþǿߣ仯˳Ե磬С
ȻǳΪþһһ˵൱õ磬ȻһС
ԣһоһΪ
ǳʶһôãδȥһڶǰʲôģ֪ԭһڱҲˡ
ǸŮ˭һûѣŮ˭
ǳô󣬲ûмŮ˸һŮļͥ
ûǳ˺һʲôϵղŸݵŮһ죺裬վ˸㣬֪ģһֱ￴
ǳһ̱ܣŤͷһ룬ˣһԶ
Уܣǳ׳ŵӣƣ±Ƿҵģʲôⶼѽ
ǳСʱСҲ࣬͸￴ڵӻϵдš2008
ԭһǴʮǰԽģԣһ˵ˣһꡣ
ôһǳͻȸղ·ǸŮСϾǳż꣬ղŮٲȻһģ
ǳ㱻ðʱվһ棬ȴȵöͷðܴ֪˴̶жϣ죬һϵڣ728ţȷʵ졣
⻷ʵʵǳ֪ΪʲôһϤУϤʮְģһʱ֮䲻֪⻷ΪһĻΪģˡ
ǳʶһˣֻһʣʲô
ǳԼĶǮûУûдֽϰߣȻǲֻת˵ġ
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ǡǳ˵סˣ˭أһ綥˵
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ǳһ˵ţһ߽ȥһ
ȻһüֵĶʮĮҲʶ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôҪ·ˣԼǣ㲻ҪԴҼҡ
ʱŮˣһССģһСﺰʦģ˶ߣҲ˹
ССǲƣղſվǼþˣС͵ɡ
ʦֹССĲЦſǳϸӣһ֪ʦλС㣬ʲôҪĻԸ˭Ҳ֪ģǼ٣֪ƽʱʲô
ǳķ磬˵ĺ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪϤù졣
ҽǳǳ벻ܴһİ취ֻ취ݣȡ*һ˵ܲܰѡ
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Ȼ˶˼룬һʲôҲû˵ȥʢ뷹һ̲˷ǳǰ
ʳǳĸҳԣô˿ӲͷƤҲҪȥ
ǳû뵽ǣⷹ˷ǳ㣬㵽ᡣ
жûԹζķˣǳǵˣԴһķ֮ÿԼַʱҪһֱ׬ǮóȡõԼսӻ
ⷹ˵ζһ֮ǰһģһǰһһǳۿ֪Ϊʲôˣһ˵ί
һҲǳûκ
һԵķ翴ˣɻѣǶ˼찡СãĶˣΪʲô˵ʶһǺͼɢе绰ǵüĵ绰𡭡
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ССóļ֪ͨ飬Ц޷֣ϣҿAˣ
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һķһμССѧ磬ΪǳһǮûС
ǳɻ˶ûзڻþҲý߼ɣ
һһңֵϣһĸŮһŮʦķʦܿһʼǳͻΪԷǺӵĸףķŮʦһ뵽һȡǳͻȻãķ粻һһɣ
ͨദʽĹ۲죬ǳܾ˵ĬܣżĶӣǱصⲻ¶ǳĲõ֤
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ǱһĻһŤͷǳʣҪһ𣿡
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ֻǣǳһʱͻȻƳӹϵһݱֽ


174 
ڻʱֽýѾҰǳԼ֪ûֽʱֽˣէһ¿ӹ϶ѷűֽǳûӦ
ֱһѾţǳھӹĿƳֽɫӴ˶ı⡪شʯһˡ
ͬʱȻͬشʯ⼸ֲ֪Ǵǳĸ񾭣ûгţۻȥֽ
һݵصֽǳգǳʯıϣ˵Ȼֻһ⣬ڷֲԾ֮󣬻˱ߣԼѡ
ǳĿס˱ֽϵһ仰ݵؼ߷ãΪһĵС㣬زˮСѧһŮʦ
ĵŮʦ
ǳղһܵǸŮ˵ССǲǹǸŮ˽ʦţ
λʦˣǳʱ䣬ʯʱ64ա
ǳԵʯʱܣҲ˵ΪʲôͻȻλʦѰ˼ԼƽҲûôǿʲôŻôܡ
ݱֽǳȥһ˵ԸһһжǼٵģʦˣǻþ
ǳܣץֽܣû򱨵棬һ𰸼
ǳֽٿһ顪ݵȺ͸¶ܶصٷٷ64ڲˮɱ˰ĳΪп״ԪĸףӪһ±ꡭ
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˵ղſĳǳֻǾĿڶµûţǴʱĳ⼸֣ʱһڣپתԴѣվȣ̳ڹס塣
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һ治ɫͳһŻƷֱķһķȥķףѸٷϻһֻʬģ
һȫһװͻֺãᡣһ̾һƾͽ߸ʬɷĩ
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ʱǳɫһûиղűֽʱʹ𾪵ģȥһȵŴ죺û߰
һͷţֻѾҴˣû°ɣ
ǳǳһĨЦû°ޣˣҸ˵ȥ㣬ԭԼ֪ǻþ
һ˼˵Ҳֱ֪֣Ҳ֪ǻþֱӺ¶ţֻͻʱһ޷˼㡣
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ǳǰ棬ͷҲأй׷һһģź󣬻ͷֿӣԼӹòûıֽ
ʵˣһʼûбþסֻװԻסˣ뿴סֻɷʲô
ң֪ǻþ㿴˼ķ׾αװ̲ס࿴ķ硣
طָʮط޷ֲķһ졣
ڳμþʱһֹһε룬ȥķ磬þһлͻʵ
Ƿݷڵӹϵıֽһ׼ġ
þҪһУôأʵһı䴴ģԼģԷֹʧڻþ
þƾմõøߵļԷҪĶ
һ̰þݵãҲ˼ֲ˶ãҲԼѵĶ
һûϵǳþûϵǳ
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ٿһļңһһеĲᶼؽ˫ûκθ
ֻһʱ俴ǳҲСתͷĶǳһͷæתͷװûһ
һ΢΢üܾǳﲻԾǳûκֻþĹҲһɱˣǳӦûΣղŶԡ
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ǳһһǿܰɣҸ˿ƽӳȥɡ
˵ţǳԼ͹˳ƶóˣһѡ
һӹǳǿ飬ҧָڿѪһĽƳȥҲôȥȥˣҵĹ绹ڣãƬ˶޹ܺ
ǳһְƵݻɻô죿Ҫȳ磬Ҵʦôɡ
һҡͷˣƴʱŻȥڹֻɷץˣĹȻˡ
ǳˣһץ̫Σˣȳȥ취𣡡
һҡͷУģֻɷʵ͹ӤֲŴô磬ǹɷˣŻûþסңԼָ˳ֻӤȫֻӤʵҪһ¥ҾͲôùˡ
ұȫչӤǰ£롣
һ˵úˣԥʱҲ࣬仰ӣǳȴԼ˼СʱãȥץɷģҲϺȵģһΣգҲ㡣
һüǳڹ磬ΪԼں͹ɷʱ޷֤ǳİȫҪ֤©٣ôǳ뿪õѡ񣬾ʧܣҲֻһһˡ
ΪһѾǳ´˵ȥǳƳȥܽЩ˶뿪ңֲƳҵĽųɷ
һҪܾʱǳһ֣ǾǿһϺȣҷģһκ𣿡
ܵĵһסˡ


175 
ദôãܽӴʱһһˣأûܹϵĵزԱ˵ǣ֣һʱ򶼺١
ǰʱǳԶһһѾʵˣȴû뵽ǳȻǣˣ
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ţͣؾȥҹɷˡ
֮ǰһ첿˱ɷ׷ܵĳڵһٲȻأ֮Ҳ
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˼ֻŮһʹԽߵֶۣԷĺۼ˵ֻŮҲץסֻԹûֻأûɹɷҲȽġ
ֻŮصĵطڣûɱġȻռ˹˳ôãȴһֱڳ˯Ҫǹ˼ҳڹǰѣʱҲ¡
ң𿴵ʱŮڹ˼ֵô£Щ˵棬ûзɱҲһץסûɱԭûзɱͻ취ȴǰĹȥͶ̥ת
֮ǰһӦ˰ŮҸĸһֱûжŮͲˣһŵֻҪҵɷɷһ̾첿Ҹĸ
ֻܽɷһ첿Ŷܺˣ½費첿ĹϵҲǷһǬͻܰæ˵Ǹ̩϶١
ܸܵͬĲ֮˹˼Ů·ڹɷĹһҲܳͨ衣
ȻŮֻ··һЩСһ
ﲻֹһֲֻֻкŮѾǹɷʵȴǸճ͵ĹɷʵֻӤԲܰһǬͻСֻӤҲǰ̥δһĸͶ̥޹Թء
ֻӤǵ¸׽вԪףûϵŮﻹһֻӤһʱ͵Ϯɱ
ֻɱѾأǲɱУɱ˼ֵˡ
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ֻڣѾ֪˶˵
ЩԩȫֻɷץĹУΪá
һɱЩΪѾûͶ̥ĿˣɱԹصĹѾȫ޷ֻأֻε䣬߱ѧɱɢ
һûʲôģֱҲֻΪ˻ܹԼʵʹԽĿȫһԽΪѭģһΪ˱ǿ
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Ůһȥ˹˽Ǹ䣬סķ䡣
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Ϊһȥôͻ֣Сһˣͻᶥ˱ߣȥͶ̥
ʱСûǵģֻк˺Ѱıܡ
˼Ů֣Լִ䲻ȫͬ˵ǣ״̬ȶ˵ʱƫ࣬ÿһŮȻҲûôױǡ
ǰĹɷѾʼѹķΧˣزͶ̥ܣѾȫ˲һȴҪôǼΪҪôǻɢ
ڵ˵ǲ̵ģʽ΢ԽԽ٣ҪûͻƷ˳֣ȴ˸Ļôһʱէ˭Ҳκβ˵ˣᵼ޷άԼԭеͳΣ಻̹ԹɷĳҲ˵Ǽв
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ɷ˵Уһ˵ţұʦ廹㻹𣿡
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һüĿֻһ
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һҲûɷȥֻȺ͹ɷһˡ
ɷҲ֪ɱһûһһҲûʲô˵ģʱƽ磬ɷѸٽӽһͬʱüӰһ
һͳľӭսϲͣ䣬ϲͣǳûһôĶɼ˴εĹɷжǿ
һĿǰټǿߣһ˽ټǿߣֱܰѷˡ
˼ŮһŵҪǳԸǳ¥ȥ¥ϵķ伸˶ƻˣֻʣӹ˽š
ǳһ򲻹ҲȥһģֻվŮվλã쳤˲Ͽ
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ѽǳ͸Ĵŵôһȫ
Ů״̻ԭģץסµĹӤקһڡ
ǹӤҲǳصģܺУ˵ʵҲˮƽ
˼ŮҲֻͲ󣬵˫˭Ҳֲ˺á


176 
ȻһܴʵеˣǳûսһͨˣҲûרѧʱ䶼٣ȫֻܶһߡ
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һһŽӤˣӤһ̶ļУҺԺʧ
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ǳԼܰæĹɣֻҪúƵıģܶԿĹ˺
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˳ֶһ޶ľĸоҲϲУͺһһԣ͸ñ˴һ
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ǳ磬ڡǳݵļռķļֻǰǻþԻһΡ
һĹǣļһʱȫɢˡ
ǼٵģþҲǼٵģ˿ǰһ˵ģǿɴӵˡ
ǳ֪ΪʲôоԼһλ˺ܾãֻһСķļ䣬ûصļ䣬ǵԼԭĳҲһమֻ֪ûʯϻȥһȥˣܾ±ɱһ
һǳķվԭᣬʱЩţ˵ĻΪʲôǳҪޣ
֪ܲԼ˵ʲôһ֪̬ȶ˵ҪüǸð㣬ջظղŵĻ
ǳһһţһң˵ڵĻóȥˮջصģ
˵ţرٵĨһᣬȻû۾ӣѵüһϲ˵ǳ¶һ档
һ״˿ǴӦҪס𣿡
ǳӣصԱߣ˳ˮƤǵȻˣ˭͡Ůסһ𡣡
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һͷʾͬ⣺ҲǣǽҲ˰ɣô˴Ҳȫ
ǳ͵һ˵⻰أغߺаɣҾΪ㴲һɡ
ǳȻӦҪغһסǣҵķи裬ЩΡ
ҵһġáʵǳѪԵϵĽ㣬áĹϵ൱ӡ
ңǳһĹϵҲܸӣΪֻǳһ֪ǰһ01ǰĴ裬Ҳ͵£¹ϵΪֻ֪ͬһǩ˵ĲϿɺɣĽùϵҲᱻΪ⣬ûѪԵϵ
һǲʲô֪ٶЩǿ󵽲ۡΪ˱ȺӶ޷ͬ棬˶ҵۺϿɣҲܴһԴۡ
ԣһ˵ĹϵʱⱣܣɶԡáദ
裬ܺýεˣͻסϰߣһͰȥǳⷿ
ºʱ䶼Ѿ˺ҹʹҹèǳҲɵÿʼǷˡ
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ǳ̴ĶͺղʰĶһһˣҾͳԺˣһ̫鷳ˣ´򼷣˯һŴɡ
ҲǲУɲ׼ȥŶǳʵһݼܺõˣˣϲôڸǣҲ˫ǳҫ۾
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˵⻰ʱһһ˿Լ֪ݡ
һķǿͱһСΪ£ǵʦģɿĳֻ̬żҹһǰ¶Ƥһ档
ڶظֽŵĻ棬ճȼգᵽգΪʱԣдΪ˷ݵʱ
ֻǳʮͷͣഺʱ򣬳Ŀ࣬ȴһԾġ
ȻкôлôǳһҲȾ˵׶ǣʱдϣ̫ˡ
ͺñȴ˿̣ͬһŴϣǳɱһСŲÿһ룬һŲ
һȹ˺صļʮ꣬˵ϸˣǳ˵ֻһķļ䣬һеİһοʼͬһŴϵףֻԼ֪
ŶĿһҲˡ
һٵʱ򣬳Ǿ˶ķ硢صϲʱƽˮ
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˵ϡҵһһԣȻǰķ磬˵ǳ


180 Ժ
ڶǳȫǵԼô˯ŵģͼǵԼ˯úܳ²תҲܸܵ󲱴һ΢Ϣ
ˣϺáһûɳƣɼˡ
һû˯ֻΪ౧ǳ˺ܾãҲûŲǳ
ǳһţϺãȥԺɣ
һͷ鷳ȥһ˰ɣڲ첿˵
ǳϴһȥԺɻʱ첿ˣҲڲ
Ȼ˭Ҳûϵ׼һƣ˾ˡ
ܲùûǲҪãDŵ֪Ǵ˵аԵġ
Ϊɨ˵ء£ȻԼĹû֮ضеˡ
⣬һ˵ľǹ˳ˣźһ󶨡أһԼˡ
һ첿˿Ϊµ첿һ׳֦ϣ첿ʣҪְһЩò׼ʱὨοʲôġ
ȽϺһҲ첿ʵĻҲڱԱӰһԼֱҲ̫ܵ
ʵ൹ձһκһ̫ᣬ첿Ȼͬһţ˵׻ǴһٳԵģһ˲ܵϲϿɣһԸҲȽֱϴεֱѾϲ㣬Cеĺڰڰ֪ͨڲ˴˾ͺãô󣬺ܵӣҲš
ڣε¿һžȳôˣȻǬܶ棬ôҲǵ¸صĴʦƽҲûٽӴһЩȨƵˣܹ㣬˵ķϣֱ¾ʹ˷ƪ
ǣ֮һҪֱͱعء
سһֱҪи⣬ѧЭ첿ƶһϵķƶȡ
ң첿ϣһҪǽӴһЩ漰ĴʱûȺ첿߹ͨҪһֱȫڿеĶ̫͸ǵǵˡңЩⰸ̫͸ҲһЩܰȫֱӺܾܿͻı¶ֱ˺Ʊ·
ν첿ƶѧȣõȵĩɣȵеȥˡڴڼ䣬һٵñ֤ڿɿ״̬Ȼ첿Źʵǿ󣬾ͺñֳľ֧ҩɿأôͳǲֱġ
첿ҲֱûʦԷļһԴҸÿˮĿˮǰǲ˺ˣҴ󲿷ֶҪȥ첿͵ɳ¼ԺҪǳˣֱ˭
ѧЭѾЭ첿صʦȡհѾʦ¼ڰõǼǣͳһҪٳˡ
ʱҲæýͷöѧ̫ӼˣʦģЩķ֪˻ǻŵģҪǼǸ󹤳̡
ҽԺ첿ȷһû£˳ԺҲͲˣǬͻܺһǵл᲻뿪ԭǲһơ
ֱ乺ﳵĿû˵ģ˾ãһӦûжģΪк壬һһ顣
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첿ôɴһû̶ܴǿһεĹϣһĹԶֹˣҪǬͻλѧ̩
Ǭ˵ԼЩеȥЩҲ⣬һ㡣
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軹ʲôһһĮҲ˵ˡôʯͷһֳӲǰĶԹһʾˣһ飿
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˭ҲκβһҲǺסֵͶСķӣͬ⼸Ͱߡ
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ҧǰɣ˶ʮĽãڻҪסһ
Ҳ֪ʲǵһϾ赱ˡ


181 ʾ
һҲȻϰߣһܿ˰ɡ
ǳǱߵķѾˣһҪҷҲм컺ʱ䣬ʱȥн鿴Իס졣
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Сҳǰĸ磬ûн㣬ǳ裬ܸоʲô
һĳ֣һʼΪǸѪԵϵΪģȻûôסһĳ֣ͼĵĲ
⼸һǳദ־ѪԵҪԭһǳҲûѪԵϵƾʲôĸܸоŲʲô
ѪԵҪΪʲôһ˲أ
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ΪųȦ˳˳ˮˣǿ˭˳۾ͲԼΪǮ˺
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˸ԼûֻһŮõϰ֮ڸֵĮѽͲô跴ЩĽһǳġ顱
Ϊ˴иĵزļ˰ɡ
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Ϸ˽⣬˽⣬СֻԺ֣ǮУְҵ羺ѡֶţϷãҲе羺ѡִ档
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ǳ˸ۣòæǷȦĻ羺Ȧͺá
󣬻һ¾ˣǷȦĻǵ羺Ȧõȥ˭֪羺ȦеĶ࣬ǶսӶ鲻ɣ㻹ʸװء
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һͷȷʵǮʹĥҹϷĿǰû˾ľֲսӵĹʺͽ͹Լ𡣶ǰ漸ֻж֪ѡֲлõսӶֱֻܿҵԼ
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182 ׽
һǳȷʵĶˣŰǳһѣǿڵ⼸ںܻͻȻ˵԰ǳԼõʲô
˼ƣҲգǳ˵ҪҲ࣬ǳǿҲҪһ顣
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ԣ趢ǳǿھһϵ֮󣬴Ҷ֪ǳǿһķ˲ѪģһǬûиǳá
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һɻôԣҲѾ𣿡
ǳյشսöͷײһԴʲôϣҽԲ֪㿪û
ҪôԣһûֱϣԱٶ˯һŴϣǶôˡ


183 
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⻰費ʳڣҵǳҲ̸ֻսͶʵ¡
óһһǿĳͣһһΪͶʣǳսӣֺֻ죬ߡ
赹ǵһ˵ȫŮְҵѡֵսӣ˵Ҳ󿴺ã֮ǰԵɺϽӹһϷȦӵĹ棬羺Ȧ
ôҲȦˣķ˿սҲ͵羺Ȧ˺ֱǲΪ羺ȦֻǺܣҥpͼһЩƽ̨С̳˸衢**ȵȣвͥסַѸֹϵЩ˻켣ֶֶ̳ζˡ
Ե羺Ȧ˽⣬ǳȫŮսӣ϶ûٰżսӵĶԱԺҪٵѹС
ؽ֮±¸ǳһͶʣѵҡ칫¥߶ԱͽнʴԸ
ǳû뵽ǣŸһͶʣûüڹн£ͽӵʥĵ绰
ʥйصҶӣû£λŮңһֱǳⲻȥθʥǳҲ˼ȥ鷳˼ңԴ˺ǳҲûʥæ
ʱʥȻԼBмһ棬ҶҲ
ǳȲѣҶӲǳ
ʥ͵Ҷȥ˵ʱŶӵȺ϶ڿһֱǾ֪ǰ
ʥǲʶһģ˶һȦӵнӴǣһAеһǳʱǳһ͵ģȦ˶ⴧ˵ˣʱʥһһ棬Ůеӡ
ҵʱĹ㲥ҲʱžҪϢ޷Ǿơ
ʥҶӼọ̈̄˼ĳѧڣĹ㲥ͨ涼ڸһжġ
ʥһǳǸ˵˵ԭǳ˵ȥһҪˣʱϣҪˣһɣ
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Ҷӵʱ𾪣ûֻǾеΡ
ʶѶ֪ȰϷȰ羺ļȴһֻ͵ȥͷͷľҪ
ƾʲôĴȴеɱ˻ǷˣƬʱΪȫȻԼҲд
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ǳĵϲƣ̾ͺʥԼʱ䣬ѵҵĳأʲôĶ̸ˣ칫ҲֳɵģһЩ豸ûȥͿỹûġ
ڹĩˣǳûǸ˹ǳе¶Աˡ
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⻰Ҳеǳ֪һЩ羺ֲľ˻ˣʲôġ뽨ȫŮսӣҪȫŮԱҪԱҲŮˡ
Ȼǳ󵽣ʱ򲻹ѵǱһ˶ָֻŵĳ棬ȥͶơ
ǣǳûԱн꣬ùٺһ棬Ƹ羺ˣŮԡ
ΪǮˣҪƸǾˣгнͲͣǳΪչʾ⣬Ը߳ͨ˵нˡ
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ٷﶼǸ˵ļǳһȫˡ
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ԽԽ˵ļͶȥʯ󺣣AGġŮԡ·һ˲ָ׷׳ǳ۸ֵͣŮĵʲôеζ
羺ȦAGսΪСŮսӣ绷£СŮȴʱ˵˵ʲôôʡ
ȻAGս˼Ҷӵĸͼ롣
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ҶӵĸͬʱAGսӣŬΪDҹսӴõĳɼ
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˴ʴʣʹֲҪŮˣƾʲôΪDսȥֱ˶
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˶ôۺ죬ôǣAGսӶ̶̼ʱ䣬˶Ա
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Ҫǣ¹ң˵´Ӳǳ졣һϷ׹רעҶ޷˼ĶԱ˵õĽ
ǳæսӵæûڵأһÿϼӰֻܸĩȫǳ°ࡣ
ǳ˵һΪ˽Լ°࣬һڻʹȥҲ̫˰ɡ
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184 ĸ
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˳һװ˼ߣ׼˧࣬ڷǹʱ仹װǳȡ
˳װվûʵһֱһ
ǸǾ͵ɫרŸӲͻжŮ
ǣǰһ˵С㣬ˣǹܵСʱˡ
⻰ٿһһȥǳ°ܹ࣬ҲųһСʱ
һ¥ʱ˳ڣʱ˳ƾյСʱ
ǳǺ˳Ϊ֪һǶʱ䣬˳жϲҴڸУ϶ǶһŮ֮ġ
˳ڹ䣬ͼһע⣬һǳ·ǡ͡ߣһû
Ǹǳ־òʹ죬ʲôʱˣԼǰɣ
ǣǳġͷ˸ǶһСʱǰųţǼҹҪСʱզʱûţ
˳һһ¾ˣ߳ŭҪ⡣
ǳ˵仰ǣһ˵ݡ
һ˫ڹϵĵţ˳Ϊ˧ס˵Źرգȴϲ㱻е֣Һýŵסˡ
ǳûŹ˳˸ۣΪź
ŮһֻһһĮ˳һα˿ᣬһ˵൱ô˵ģ
һ˵Ѿһ黹ˣ㻹
ôթ𣿡
թЦ˳ҪСķӶ⣬ȥթ
˳ЦúúãģõúܣôǰɣŲֱѩ㡣
һͷţȻҾܴ˾ΥԼԺһӡ
˳һһȻûϵԼŵĺݻһǰͺܺӷһ
˳ĿƳԱ߱һӦǳЦŶ㲻ԼֱҵأһѩսҲ޷μҹĸ¡
ߴߴ磬֪һҪǳ֣ѡ˰ǳ˵Ȧӣ˳ϰ˴ѹƿأҲ֪Ҫǳ֣İ취ǰǳʣвһ
ⲻ֪һŴģ˼άûΪ˭˭˭ίȫͷҲûʲôΪþЭ뷨ֻ룬˭˭˭вļˡˣһӦЭԷв
ǣ˳⻰һڣ¶Ⱦ轵ļرһƬѩ
һЯװй˼ŮƱøˡ
˵ʱݶܣܣôе䰡
Ѿ·ݣ˵ôŶԡ
˳û˵͸оһ˫ִϣָо쳣Ϥ
˶ֻ䣬Ψһܿ˼Ů˫ѹڹ˳ϣһŤҴܣѪ˳ۿǿ˳ϡ
ָо̫Ϥˣ˳Ƕʱ䣬Լ帽ܵ䣬ϣĹ⡣
˳Ҳ޷άָ䣬ϢȣҲвңҲ£ҾͺãҲôġ
һƮƮƳŮŮЦ漴һֿ˳Ҫʲô
˳оǹĺûˣ˿Ȼ֪ʲôʦıºܴͨҲ˵Է᲻֡
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һԽԽԻ󣬻ûӦǳȷŭ˹˳룺˵ʲôأ˭ˣ⣬ҽſ֣
һü˭ˣ
˳ɫࣺ첿ҵļҲò˼
ȵȣһϵ˵Ϣôġ
˳Լ涪óֻ¼Էүү˵ģ˵첿ҰϢ
˳İ裿
һͻȻ̧ͷ˳üۣ٣һֱֱӿʣʲô
˳ذ°ͣӦöʶʮǰӰơ
ԭһæȫƣʮµŮˣȻ鵽˹˳ĸϡ
˳ĸƿһ˵ͯŮ񣬵ӰӾ硢ȫܣҵʱ˳׷󣬼û˹˳ڹ˳ʱֺ͹˳Ϊ
Ǽ꣬һֻм꣬ǳûԲ˽ҲǣôôɣŮҲأ
һջŮ˳Ļһֻһʱ
ɺϵ
һɺϣǲôɺϡ
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ҪŮĸµôӹ˼֡
ǣһڳѣ˵˳ļֻΪ˴ˣͯŮ֪ƽȦ󵽵׸ȥˡ
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һʽĵı飬ɹƭ˹˳ż˵ѹһǰգҲǩĶҪҪҼңҸ㷭һ
Σһټûи˳ʹɫɫģȫûаϲá
ɾΪһϺ͹˳ƽľ˵仰˳϶ˣĮŮ˾Ȼ˵ǿ϶ͶԱ˲һ
ǣһ뿪Ĺ˳ȥ̸լӶ˴绰˰æ﷭ҳ
һߵһǳӽûô˵ֱңǳŴҵģŮô͹˳һѲãܣ
һƳſڣŸ˵˵չ˼ҵнеܣ־Ͳˡ
˼Ӵļҵڶֶ࣬ǣ϶ӴףֹҪӣüӲСһΪԼ⣬ֻһһӣӶϱˣԲûܽ
ǳƲʲô˼ҵۼҲҲеܣҪһʼǣҺĻᡣ
һ˵ĹۣҪΪȨߣЩ˵ĹǲȷģҲǲģǳάȶǱԼȺ棬취
һͷҪŮĸõ˼ҡ
ǵ˼ҵĺҲ֪ˣɫԹ˼ҵȨƣǴ֣Ѿ˼ҲҪ˼ҶϱûС˽Ůǲǲܵġ
ʱŮסǣһһݣ˼ҵ顣
ݣǳϲġ


185 
һ˼ӣЭôдƿȨҲеǰ취
ԣҪһΪŮĸĸȥֺù˼ңȻǲʵġ
ǣһŮų˵˼ҵƺǳ򿪵ƵƬŮ첻
ÿǣȻȦʮˣݹĵӰMV٣ȻѳƬƵһ㣬ȴŮϡ
Լļ䶼ʣ޼ŮڿƵŮʱ÷ǳָƵԶԶԣ϶裬ҿǳС
ǿŮ͹˳ǽûˣֻһһͬܣͬĸ츸Ͳ˵ˡ
һ뵽취ȥƣֻϵ飬ȥױ˼˷֣ԣŮҪ˽࣬Լȥ˼լѰ
AеBôԶľ룬Ҳ˵Ů;Ʈ۲ۣ˵ϲʶ·Ǹ⡣
ԣһҸŮȥAСù˳Ӧ˵һǰƷΪ˽ӽһԸͳʱһŮųȥʣµ¾Լȥɡ
һŮͬʱԼãŮڹ˼Ҳ鵽ʲôϢȻһǧһʱ嶯ɴ
ΪˣһŮס˵ģָ򣬵ʱŮҵõҡ
ҲΪ£˳ڼһϵʽ
һڼҴţ˳ܶʱ䲻ֱûк˽Ӵ˼͵˹˳Ӵһ¥¶˼죬һ棬Ҳ֪һôߵģǡñܿ˳ȥǳ
ǳԹ˳쵱Ȼˣ˳ûмڱףÿ춼赱һǳҲ֪ô
ڣ˳ƤҩҲһȥÿ涼ţɢȥôǸ˾ܲãÿ컹йҪֻܷ
˳ͣˣǳһ̹ࡣ
һƽֱֻ̨ÿֱר˸Էֹ漰һЩԹĶ
ԣֱһ˵̫ˣҲƣˣͣԣֻÿһ¹ﳵϼʮƣЩƻһϼܾΪ*ø߿Ƽ
⣬һҲÿ鿴Լ˽ţЩƣ鷳ģͻ˽һһֲǴԽߣǰæҲѡԵذæԵҲԼΪֵֵð
ֱǱ߱һΥԼģΥԼͲߣΥԼҪǸߵĻһҲǩ
ڣһ̨ͨ˽ŸһЩ˽鷳;ƽ̨һƽ̨ͨһֱ߲ɣټһ첿ʣƽ̨Ҳ鷳һɹΪ
һֱֻԵΪǸ˲õķ
һֱĵĻû˿ŭ˵̴һ䣬滺֮һЩ㣬ƽױаӰ졢ʧ߶λجβϵˣѧϰʹãԻ⡣
ҵصˣ䣬ԣܽҵ
˵첿Ĵڱ֤˵ѧĴڣһζŴҿνĴʦģǿѧĽڡ̩ʲôоģҲſھͻŵġ
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һĿھϵĶųõһ䣬ʵܶ˶ᡣ
һ֪ǣֱѧϰˣֹЩеͨˣвˣֻʼѧϰ
ԭҲܼ򵥣һʵôĿ飬ɼȵĴʦǻҪһˣϲ˵ʲôʵ˽¶˰Լһƣ⻹һֱѧϰڵ䣬һ۲һڵԭѧϰĲ̫һ˽ΪǹŴûʦ仯ģí˾ѧ
һÿֱͽһھһ䣬Щеõˣһһʡȥһһæķܹ㣬ȻջĹ٣ۻС
һ䣬ֱ䵯Ļоˣ׼²ʱֱͻȻһֱͬpk
ֱpkǽƽ̨һ淨˵ߣֱͬǵƵϷиpk˿٣ȷϵ÷֣ͨƴ˿Ѫٽ˿Ǯ
һPK˲Ǳˣǳ
ǳĿǰAGսӾԱæĩԣҲ·ݲμѵһÿʵϰǿУܶ࣬ѵֻǳҶڴǵĶ龭ȱˡ
ǳͷһֻĵúܳè䣬һ̲ס˶Էpk롣
漴ǳƵһֱһߣǳŶͷ˳ɫܲƯ۾ֱضһ
ڷһҲ͸ͷʱǳɵþȣΪԼĺߣ׺ݵصһһۣвԷô
˶Ȼ漰ͬΪ˲һЩҪ鷳ƽ˹ʱ䶼Ƿֿģ˵ǳʱ伸ѵңڹʱӴͬסͿ̽˽Ĺ˳⣬֪סһ
ǣ˫Ĺںͷ˿ʱôãٴߣϡ档
ǳںܾǰ߹һһΣʱûϳһѾǸɵˣҶһǱһƫġ
ʱͬգһΪǳҶӴλѹе󣬾־֣ŮĳӣҪϳǵġǳҶսӶй̶͵Ĺʣֱûôأ˶ǺҸǮϷġϰ塱
ʱǳ뵽һȻΪȱ뵽һΪ첻°࣬һˣҲȥҹɢɢʲôģҶӿҲʵϳһϳ
ҶӴʥǶ֪һǳġáϵԵЦֱĹȴ֪׷˵һ˴ǳզ
ʲôֵЦȳ羺ֻȦӵ֪ο羺ȦôϷҹһϷĵ羺ȦõȦҲǲġ
һ˹ٷϿɣ첿͹ٷ֪ȣкǧϵѾǻȵǲѧȦӵ˶ʶ
ԣǳֱĹڿһǶ̶̼ʱǷۼǧĴǳǺܾ֮ǰһʱһ߹һΣ˼ҹƶǵλϸȥߣҪ˲ܣǲŽΡ
ǳȴûа㵣ıܾ䵭ڼʱزסЦ⣬գʵһֲΪ֪ػϲ
ǳ򵥺һ˵һʲôһһĴ᲻ҵϷ
һҲǵһνӴϷԶûУֻȥǳ䣬ǳĽ̵£򿪵ԣע˺ţ¼Ϸ
ò˵һѧȦĿǰͷȷʵΪǳҶӴ˲СһϷϳǳһǰǳһԣֱ̫׼ˡ
ǳ˵ʱŮթƭ󣬶һһְֱҵ·Լϰ彨սӣɲǰ;
һ׼׼ҹҪ̫ЦɣϷ·߲ס
һΣĹںͷ˿֪һǳӣģǳҶӶһչʵĻᡣ


186 ·
Ȼû뵽ǣһսϷȷʵ·ߣľеҩߡܣ˽⣬ǳʮӺһſľִһ¹̶ӡ
һһӵȥһֻǰһ˰ϣʮʮӵȫΪľеĺɵȥ
ǳɵˣĵ˵ЩϷľвͬĺ㲻ֻſ㻹ŰֱֹкˮƽҲУе˻ᱳݵѹǹ
һһһߵͷʵ֪ľкϾһǴ̵ģû˱ôľֻ֡Ϸľе׺ʵͬһһӣȫûѹľ֣Ϊ֪Ҫѹľ֣ͨһӣľֵĵ
ţǳĽ̵һ룬һٴδһӣÿһӵ׼شڹ̶ӵͷ
ǳɵˣƵסһΪǳһ
ֱ𾪵𾪣ƷƷ
ǣһӷɵϣڶǿ˻ǰͻ棬ϻأ
һûпǳ˭Ϊһõĵԡ󲿷ҵU̵ӲֻǵðװһЩҪһ̨ҵɨ衣
ȻǳĵЩӲԣһǳĵԣôܿҡ
ңһϷǳʱ⣬һѵǰԤϵȻȥ
һ֣ǰʮ˴󲿷ûнӴϷFPS֣·ٶۡѹľ֣ÿľֵĵסÿһӵܴͬһϣһ׼
ǳҶӶˣҶӸ͵͵Ϣǳ㲻ǿ˰ɣ
ΪôŵˣҲڶ̶ʮѹľѹȼְҵѡֵĵزɣ
ҶԼҲǴְҵģѹľҲȣܱ֤ÿһѹľֶѹһһ׼ȣγҡ
Щ˲֪ǣһʼȷʵֻһѳϷľеĵһϤݰˣЩݽзѹľ֣ƾһԼİѿأѹľֱּҪ̫򵥡
ҹϷҪҲֻѹľ֣Ҫľ֣ΪƶУѹȲ׼
һϤˣǳҶӾʹʼƥ䡣
һλΪǳҶӵĶλ̫ߣǰһٵ񣬴һһңҲ˵λ治ˣˣҲң¸һȫֵľһû̫õ飬ҲڸǿȶԾУ˵λֵȥˡ
ǳҶԼ߹ۿļʮڶʧˡ
һȻϷ·Ǻ˳ǳҶԵͼ򷨲Ի̫Ľľһ֡·ʻˣAIҡ
һһ־ֵƥɨж飬ǳҶλǿȴһ죬۵Ҫ°ǰƽˬˡ
ǳûΪһͺһ֣ϰ߼ʲôװƨƨһͻһǰҪҪ
ǳôչһˣɸϤĹںҶӿɵˡ
Ҷֻ֪һǳĽ㣬ǳԭͥΣôءǳҶǵһμƽѵԷʲôľ֣ҲԼõ²ŻԷװ
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ǣһһ黤ƣֻҪܱƽǮ˵
һ򵥻˵ƣһʲôѵģϲ˱ؾ֮·ûа޹أһаƣˣҪ˵ֱӸҩǲܵģϲ͡ΪϲǲΥġ
һҪһ˼һˣԾͽ塢ˡ
ֻһû뵽ǣΪ˼ҿܾүӶˣʵȴǣ˼ҵǾȻ۹˼ңֹй˼ҵݣˡ


190 
˼ھˣǸģ
ԭһ֪ʱҵ֪˳ȥһһ¥¡ȡСʱʱеĪҡ
ǹϡ̫үȻһô飬̸ӺڵһˣҪûߣ˳ҵŮˣϺҹ˾ǲǿǿ
һңȴãѪŨˮܽ˹ϵ͹ϴߣϾһҵĺˣҵΪ־Ȩˣ˼Ҳ
תͷֱҸǮƵĹϣ̽һĹϵ˹˳
˳֪ǵ£֪Ҳ⣬ΪΪҾһˣЩ˵ӬͷСǾͻԹ԰һ͵ǰ
˵һΪʦ￴ˮаǺģΪһı´Ѿõ˶෽֤ԼҲۼ
˳ˣҺȻҪҴĿģ¹Ͳˡ
ҪһΪŮ˼޸ӣʹһˣһֻǸˣҲŮˣͻޡӡ۵۹ȥ
ԣڹ˳һΪͣԼ˺£һ⣬ҾЩŴһ
Ϻ꣬ٿˣҲ˵ڣֻǣӱĵطһسӣһһ
ǣͳôһĻϷìܵĻ档
һǸģ˳壬ûණ˺˼լı棬ĴŴųһ䳰ȷȥ
ʷǹ϶磬˼լ˲ٸ˭ǺͣΨһ⳵ȫ·ûһƣľһͨ
ʵϣһĳڹԤУˣ
ҪΪŮһ治ϡ˼ң棬ҲգͳһľһŻƷţһֻֻҡ壬һҡͷĻһŹ˼լƵߡ
Ȼʶһܶ˾ͶѧŽɣв޵Dһ߶߶Ķ˵ѧѾٷȷϴڣ첿ڵˣһһզ죬Щ˾ȥլ˼ҪҪ
һӵ߶߶һע⣬ҾžƱʵʱ򣬷ҡͷԣҲˣ˵֪һȻֱӿڣɫ࣬Ͻ˰һ롱
һ󣬹ֻϴźͰЦСǰˣҵûûϳ㣬Ÿˡ
һ˵û£˳濴ûаǲģŻȥĻƱûˡ
Ц˾ϲЦںԺкأȥ
ãһüȻǳǳǳ͸һϢըˡ
Ȼ˳ǱߵһִϢϽҹͬеĻ衣
߶ʶĿòʣһȫע⡣
һصױûһҪŮ˻ױ磬һصݵͨˡ
ֳıĿ޲һ֮ת˴ͱȽϣһʱʱʱ¶ͳЦɫ
ȴûеİϲ⣬һһ˲䣬ʲô
˳ȼܣܿһľ룬ڵ⣺ȥ㣬ô͵ˣ
ʵϣûȥһ˳ȥ˱ָлȥˣΪ˸һһŮһδôסô
һû˽ֻͳһƷУǸƣүүģ滹е˯ڴͷߣ췢ˣջˣǾ˵аûУһֱš
˵˳Ѻƻȥֺ͸ڶ¥̸⣬ҪҪҴһ䣿
䣿ʲôɹģ˼լĽṹͼһԺˣõŹ䣿
õţٵ̺ʽһŮټһûоܾ˳룬һڹ˼ҹһ䡣
ռʱ趢һֹŹ˳ҪһĸϽ˴ѵȥŮƯСܲŸ䣬ǿǿСѽǸѾͷ䣬ȥѽ
뷭ۣҪǼμ˳Ǽ¥ֻΪ˼һһˡ
˵ʵһʼ費ûж˳ͷһǸԹ˳ӣ;ԼϣǿǹΨһļ̳ˣðǧڣ˹˳Ժҿʳǡ
ǣѽһǵ䵭ʵʱҲᰮϹ˳ôȥһɲ뱻һʦǺϣû£ڹɷ¼˸ʶԣ뱻˵ľʹ
ǣһһ裬ڵһɡ
Щ𾪣ͲûָԼʡ𡱣ڴҵע£軹Ǹȥ
Ϊǻʵȴȫͬǵ
ӦŮһУϾ򰵷
ʵϣһ˵ȫ̹˳˵ֻĻ磬áСܡΡ
ߵﶼΧۣ۷׷ףǧƷбȽϣ˵ǧʺáڡãϹ˳ģ˵ǧʵ̰Ľ٣ǹ˳氮ġ֮ûһ֪ǧѹ˳ֻмǧչ˹˳ġ
˼Ȧլһ˵ȥ䣬˦˹˳
˱ͦģͻȻü˻ŵӿȥֻΪˣΪҪΧһ鷳ǧóս
ⲻ֪˲վϴֳرߣһĬĬϴ֣ͳױױһ߻ʣҵĹҪǲܱܲӦ䣬ҸԲˮ˵ˡ
һ˵лҪǾۣͲ鷳һˡ
Ͻ˵𣬻Ǵһɣ˵׼˼ҿôƽ⣬Ͳϵء
һͷ㡣
˵꣬һϵˮҲˣ׼뿪Ͻסȱߣ֪ʲô𣿡
һɻʲô֣
跭˸ۣȻһû
ǹ磬˼ϼҵ˶ˣй˳Ǽֵܡ˵ҰֺʹʱΪ̸ⲻֶΣҪֻǹ˳ģҹţ˳Ӧڽ
𣿡Ȼʾ䣬һһ˿ɻ
˵ʲô϶㰡
һҡͷҲϲû˵仰ҲˣҲܺ
Ǻǣ˼ҿɲô롣ЦСⱲû˾ܾôԽԽͷưոݣҪ˵ˣǿɾ͵ִˡ


191 
ΪԼ˵Щһͻٸ˳ӣ˽ҹ˳á
絽˹ʱֵ˳ڸүүףˣ͵ףȻԼҪŮġϲѶ
òһûЦúϲ£죬˵Ŀⶼһϣ涩ĸŮ
˳ĿƵؿһһңаˡ
һ⻰һʯͷƽ޲̶ˮһʯǧˣ˶ˡ
ǿ˰ġʵѹûʲôŮһееǧѾаˡ
Ҳǵһ˵һаˣŮԴʲôʱҵĶô֪ԷǮûǮʲôܸʲôô
Ȼ𾪵ĻҪ˳̨Ѿɫڣҧгݵ˵ʲô
˵аˣһѾûˣӺ͹˳˼Ȧ˼ңҵһŮټֻŮµĶ˶ӣҸ˽˿ռúü顣
һ͵ˣǮҲյˣ͹˼ϵĽάֱ֣Ӿܾ˳̹Լаˣ˶öø˴档
ȻȻˣֻãһܻӭĽڡ
˿˳ɫپ̸ǵֹһˣ˵ʲôôû˵
һƳһ̸ۣʲôϵǣ
һɵۣʲô治Ļ
ǹע棬һ̬Ⱦ֪˳ͷһͷȣ˼Ҷû˼ϱģ˼Ҹûӡ
Ϊ˱ⶪˣʹɫȰѹ˳ϰקȥԼ̨תƻ⡣
һ䵭ؿһ־磬ԽҲ޿ռ￴һУʮ󣺡Ҳ̫˰ɣ׶ûУֱҪ飬񾭰
һ˵ҲֻǾӰµĴڰˣҾܾ֮ǰ˼ģ壬ΪǺ׬˵ĹעĽģ߸ɹ˳ң裬пҵˣҵģ˵ߵġ
Խ߳Ĭˣԭ֮*Ӱô˵ʵһʼռ壬ûһĲҲͺԣڱ˳ôᶨѡ񣬻˵û᲻Թ˳Ķ
͹˳˺ƤһҲڹ˼Ҽˣ˵Bеķɻ
һȥͻȻΪ裬˻ûк˵Ļᣬѹû֪뿪ˡ
ȹ˳һȴѾˡ
һа´Ҷţ趼ţΪһһ쵽ȲóŹҲûʲôֻʶ˭סһһûжô֪ܲ
費òпһ󣬸ڴ֮ͥ¾ܾ˳˶ó˳ʱ۾һϣһǲӲ磬ֱӳжһοù˼ҳΪҵЦˣǲ֪ε»᲻Ӱ쵽Һ衣
ʵҲ¹˳ǨŭϹ˼ү˳ûпںһ֣㺰ˣһһɴͶǺ趩ˣһȫϡ
顱һԲ˵˼ҶžܷɱȦô꣬ÿ춼ڻôţǵȺҪʱ˻ɺͲȷС
˲ҪĻȥԷȻǮƣȻ˵覴ãǼҪϸȥ˵̥
ɫãͻȻ;֮ǰһֱһǽǵԼɵһʺ
Ǹŭԣ̸ż裬˳˵ȲܾҲӦֻүүԺ׷޻᳡ˣƸүү
󣬹Ϊ˱ס˼ҵ棬ĻųȥˣǾͶǺ趩飬˺ϵͽᣬϲˡ֡
˳ڳõĳĬУ磽ķŭ̾ȥһȫһı¡
һһؼңڶͷҪԼˣҪǰʱ䡰ΥԼ⳥ΥԼ
ڣǩĺԼͲرϿһҲûиڵĿӣ˾ʵҲûǮ
ɶǣһԼƽ̨˺Ϊ˾ˣˣ滹δҲ޷֣ЩѵҲϵ
ûĹ£һٶȾͱʮֻʮϡҪ൱ѡ
Խ߲ɵ̾û˵Ĺ£ҪʹԽ߻ؼҵľ磬֪Ҫ꣬򼸰꣬޷󼰡
ϲûһԭ˿ǧ˺ţһһע˺ţҲ൱ЦȻǡ⽨š
һȥֱƽ̨ע˺ţЩƽ̨Ϊ¹ϵıҷһ·
ǣһڷֹ˳ڱ£ûѹ˳ϵ࣬Ҳ״ֱӿ˵ÿܸ첿ṩʮƣһ첿ãʣſҪ첿ùٷ˺ŰҶڸתһЩϢ
һȻ첿Ĺʣʵϲûκְ˲һƣ첿˸ÿ°׵һƣ˻أ
˵һתϢǰѹٺŽһӪû⡣
˳û뵽һ˺Ȼתͷȥٷ˺ˣؼܷ⣬һ⾯ˡ
첿һĹֿʼӣΪܿ죬ͬʱҲڲ鵽˵Ůʧٵ
ڹ˼լʱһҪȥһǰķ䣬ڷһǹ˼լصĵط
˵һ˼һˣŮָ˼һЩլķֽӦôصŶԡ
Ů֤˼бĹڡ
ʱΪй˳ţһȥֻֻù˳עʱ͵͵·ڴ£ֻܿ˳·
ȷֻǶʱһǳʱҪؼססѵңѵһңøǳס
裬æAвμӸָĻΪˡŦԸΪ˸ŵĽ㣬ÿڸƽ̨ϰ԰񣬶ʱ䲻ס
ֻʣһһˣܻ·ǳķ䣬һ۾ġ
ʧ䲢δ̫ãһǳƵ绰ʹˡ
㣡ǳֻĻ¶棬پͷһת¶Ĵͣգǵ˺öԵĸأ
˵ĹϵʺϹǳͻһ㣬ƺͨ˵ûʲôŮͬ˵ֺ⺬塣
ͷഺǳĶǣͷһöĵƹⲻرǿԵñȽϻ谵ǳЦݾûͣ
ķ䣬ֻźŶϵƹҲʼ˸
һֻ֪ˡ
ȻһԤпһĴսûзĹ˵޸֮ڣһһָͷԷ


192 Ů
͹˸ƹһģһŮĿ޺
һֻŮǽ˵һǰצ룬ͱһһŻƷסˡ
ʮСĹһŶԷٸʶĸоֻѪ״̬ڸ˲ݣһȴԾܶ϶˹ơ
ƵٲȻǹ»Ұһûɱƽʱ˻еã˵ıûʲô㱣ûжǣһԭغ󣬾۷ֱš
˭
һ˺ʱһϣһɫ˲һ飬峺١
ƻָ˵ģŵôУ˭
һεǹˡ
ţƻ˼ʮһ״𽥻Լ£ʶԼѾˡ
ڹ޼治˵еĹ»Ұὥɥʧ䣬ȫȫΪҰҲеĹᱣּ䣬֮ʵмģǣںܳһʱﶼǵðˡ
ȫһǰȥǹ˼ңʱûڹ˼ҷټΪʲôŮʧڹ˼ңȴˣ
ŮƻָͬʱҲдһ˿Уô֪һиŮ
ΪӱǱŮֻסˡ
𾪵صɴۣôܣѾ
Ѿʲôһüʡ
ƿһ޶˵ǰ˵ǿΪܶܵµĳ̶ȣһѡ
ƿĿİͰ͵Ľͣһ֪˼Ů
˼ǵ͵Ůͥӹǲãϰһֱ飬ϰļҲܱ͵ԣҹ˼ҲǳĺţʲôԼصһЩͳԭϰʼֻй˳ĸһӣ̥ôϡ
˳ĳ˵ǹģҲȫǿģҵһʦȻҲа취ҵһЩʦ֤Ķϱһ¶ӡ
ƱƭźƫлһЩνġӷյϵҩˮ
ЩûҲ˵̼ͦģֱӵҽԺ
ȥ˰Ȼסˣֻסһ
ңΪ֪ǣסӾǹ˳һȥĺǹ˳ҲһץǸ˼Ů
ڵʱҽޣһʼһΪһֻ̥һȵʱҽŷһ̥̥ӪӲ֪ƶЩʲô߰ҩˮ̥ǺӤ
ֻܱһ˼־ѵʱɷΪӸǩ˷ָЭ飬ӤŮеˣ˵ǸӤǹ˳
ºƲŴӺӸ׿е֪ǸŮӤʹġǹ͵͵ԵЩ߰ҩˮܺúûġǶʱΪ˫ʹ࣬ѹ֮µ˲
˼ûҽƿΪӤǸŮӤ˼Ҳ֪ĿǰҲֻйӺ֪
ҽңӾҴʦ
û뵽ʦһ桰κáƵ
ȻӲ֪ǣʦƵİ취ʲôȰ⣬ǴӦƣԾȻǸȥŮ
մʦ˵ģ͵Ůʬ塣ʬڹ˼һƬ԰ûȥƻطˮ
˵Ҳ֣ȥ˼£ʬ徹Ȼûа㸯õĺۼ
ʦơŮֻŮĸù˼֪֪˿϶Ϊ⺢аὫɱȡй˳ĺӾͱƽ˴ʦţÿվȥʦǶһۡ
ȻƲ֪ǣʼգӾûɹʦһֱƭһֱֻ
һҲ޷ʦǶǴ˵԰ɣһֱƭƣ˵ɣһʧȥӵĸ߳
һһ벻ͨʦֻǵÿ˳ŵļ󣬰˵άǰģô˳͸ԶǸֻһ룬඼и˳Ĳȱ壬Ϊʲô˳˸ΣһʱӤ׶ɺֱͯ꣬ڵĳģ
ǲʱɳ˥ϵģΪʲô˳ԣ
ǣȷʵûֻû͸
һһЩϸڣմʦҪ㵽һЩҪļһ̥Ĺ˳̥ëָ׵ȵȣһ˸󵨵Ĳ롣
˳һʼȷʵˣ˽ģԼһĸֵܹͬ˳
ܽٳɹĺҪԭ򣬾һࡢһ壬沿ס
ʵĳ˵˳ҲӦǹ˳壬ס˹˳Ļǣܹ˳ġ
ѹ֣˳ô׵ռݹ˳壬ŴһʼⱾԼ壬ֻи˹˳
˵Ҫÿ궼ṩ˳ëָ׵ȵȣԴ˼˺ûٸʦṩ⼸˳ˡ
˳Ŀܡ塱ˣȴûƺѾ͹˳彨ĳϵֻҪ˳ͣسɳҲųɳ
ɴԽߺһ벻׵ǣַ൱ѣҪ൱ߵΪ֧ţڵһοʦ˵ĩʱ˷ڵ˶ټοǼʮǰͳֵıһʦ
˴ʦΪ˵ãһָԽֻԼûн̸һΪַΥǴ̸һͲˣ̫ðˡ
԰˵Ӧû˻ָŶԣΪʲôڼʮǰʹˣ
󣬻ûټ䣬ĻǼûбץߣҲû䱻ʦ֣ܹ֣μǶϲһ
һ벻ͨԽһǸ˵ǡ
ڴԽߵ磬ڷ˽硢硢ɽ硢޽ȵȵĴڣһ൱ӵ磬Ĺ꣬ûץߣҲûбɹ»ҰƮôֻһֿܣȥ˹硣
ڴԽδ磬ôҲпܴڹ磬ο֮ǰĹɷѾ򿪹һΣڹĿԾ͵õ֤
ԣƵĹȥ˹硣
ôΪʲôֳڹ˼أ
һôڹ˼ʱ뵽ʲô˵Ǵʦҿˣ˵һؼҿҵĺǣҾ͸ˣȻͿ˳ĳͳǣְѳˣ
ҲǴʦԲԣȾȳߵʱʹ࣬ߵģϳҽˣʦȾ
侲һ㣬˵ʦʲô֪Ϣҡ
ƸϽͷŮˣȥŶʮ꣬òǰûб仯Ҳ֪ʲô֪
ʮ꣬
һֱضƣ˵ʲô
ôˣƿһЩ֪룬ʶһֻǱ·һģһֻجج״̬֮ǰδһ
кܶ࣬裬̣һԭ裬дԽߡ
һʼûнйԽߵ֣ΪֻҪơӦķܼʱͨҪֱ
һ֪ȷΪ˷߼ԭʹԽߵݣѡͬͬյ˸û괩ԴԽʵҲ衣
һ룬ӷ﷭ֽʣŴԽߵòֽϡ
Խߴ󺰵ڸʲô㻭ҵʲô㻭ҵĳ࣬Ǿͱ¶ˣ
ʮӣԽߺһȻֽͬϣһָֽϵƣ𣿡
͵ͷԶԶԣ
£һסˡ
ƿеĴʦȻǴԽߣ
Ҳ˵ԽһֱһƤӵ£ƿȨ˵ʱҲ԰Խߺһһ𴩽磬һʱ䣬ƿеĴʦڶʮǰͳ˵ģʱȫԲϣʦôǴԽߣ
ͬʱͬе𾪵Ļ޸ֵļලԱ
ʲô߶ʮǰͳˣ
԰ɣ߽ʱ߲һ࣬
㿴߻ĻǸָ
УϽϷӳ᲻ǳʱңĻ̯͵ùˣ
ԣӦȰٻԼ棬һ棬ͻ


193 ʧ
һƵĹ갲УƷǱҪһ߻һԺʹԽ߶Ի
λʦô
˾ҡԽն
һȴôΪôҲһϵͳôˣڼһѣʱҵҲһ㷢⣬߰󶨵ϵͳϱ棬ͬʱලҲϱ档
ĿǰලӦû֪ѾһΪǴԽƿ壬Ҳ֪ԽԭϵͳѾһ档
ǣʱ⣬ල߻ϱ棬ô޸־ͻ֣ʱһһм⣬⵽ѾˣǴԽߣͱ¶ˣ
ԣһʹԽ߻꣬ʱԽߣαװɴԽԭð󶨵0777ϵͳȫ̰ǰϵͳĳߡ
һҪѴԽߣһڵ޸ֿ϶мල磬ԴԽ߲ܱ¶ѾǴǰǸһ¡
ܼ򵥣ΪԽߺһʶôˣÿҪӵʱ򣬼һһ͸ˣά֮ǰԸû⡣
أһҲҪԽϣԽ߷ڣԼΪϵͳһЩȨҰΧһⷢλʦԷⷢʱԽ̺߱һ꣬廹һ
ΪһǸʦǴԽ߱ˣͬʱͬһʱߵ˼棬ʱջᷢʲô˭˵׼Ҳֱӱէпܡ
Ժ꣬̾ͽ꣬Ҳÿǻÿ죬Ϊûã޸ǱߵļලԱӵϼҪ󣬶ԱҪǡǣ·˼ףǡҪйصģһ顣
Ȼ޸ʧģûзκ쳣λһ޸ֶġʦҲûҵټ
Ȼݵض޸ֵļ⣬ȷ޸ֻ᲻ľ֣ʱ޸ӦöҪɫרһһලһǲܻ
ԽһճϢʱ˾ȥǳ°ࡣ
һȥˡ
ǳһû£̾ǰҪ조һ
ʱĴԽֻܲɫܿǳҪ֪Ȼ޵ŮʵڲȤõһЩͬŮУǹϵ׽ŮˣҲٺ֫Ӵ
ǳһ£ɻŴԽߡ
Ϊ޸ܼලһ֡ԡ֫嶯ȵϢһֱӸǳѾˡ
ңǳȻɻ󣬵еûʶԷ
ļ죬ǳԸоԽߵ룬ȻҲǰһһŴϣмȴųӺ磬ԱߵĴԽ˯שһƫƫǳһŲ
֪Ϊʲôǳؿſʯͷܵúܡ
죬ǳ𴲣ԵĺȦ˵Щϴȥ˯ˡ
Խ߸˻أϽͷаɣʱҪȥһЩ£ҲڼңȰȥ˯Ҳá
ǳͷŴԽţֽ߬Ű֣ȴԽֻô仰
ǳ˵ءŶһɿ뿪˷䡣
Խһͳǳϰ࣬ͷȫϴˣһ˵ζϲ
Ͼܾ˴Խ߽͵ǳһͿ̨ɹıף˼룬ĿͶԽ߽յķţдŲš
ôֱӰ˯ıϴˣ
ǳ첽ܻط䣬Ϸţʼֻʽ֡
һߵĴԽ̾һǸǸʱֻίСŮˣЩ½ˣһԸǸġ
һûлӦֻĬĬؿߵķš
һϣǳ廻ˣֲϣǳ֡
һǳ˶ߣ֤Ǿͼп޸ֵľһٴα
һϣǳ࣬ǳͲΪԼеѹ
Ϊ˱ǳﱩ¶˾뿪ȥסһʱ䣬˳Ѱҡʦ
ǳԴԽ߲ΪĬŽˣֱֻѵֻ֮࣬᲻һϢ
뿪ҵĴԽ߲֪ȥģһĽ£ѡȥ첿Ѱ첿İæ
첿ȻڰæȻ֪׬ôǮġʦΪʲôûطסȻ˴ԽߣҾ첿ܲԽ߰ŵһһ׵ĹԢסޣ൱
ɲɣ첿ܲAУԹ˳ܿ͵֪˴ԽAеϢƤˡ
˳ǹϼ̳˵ݾ͹עˣټȦȶȣҵԽߵĵ죬ͱ͵ģŴϵѵһ
Ǹֻϳ˵ˣܿЩţϼ̳˺ǧɡ
ǳֻһڰҪҧˡ
ףΪʲôһĪΪʲôҪߡ߾ˣȥAУ͹˳ѡ
ѵ
˶ڹעԽߺ͹˳ţֻдԽߺһ˿ЩǸĹ¡
ڰ첿ټϻкܶҪ첿æ£ԴԽҲӡƸĹʣ첿ʽĲԱ
ȻڴԽߵʵӲ˵첿ǿŸͨԱλõȻʣĿǰԽߵְλǸ֮ǰĵλһʵȨҲҪӴһЩ㡱
ټϴԽҲҪ˽鷳ܹ£첿ܶ༬ֵİ
̶ʱ䣬Խ߾ʹһսܶಿԱɡûжĸһ˵һһӦС쵼౾Ҳв֧ߣӴԽû糤÷չĴ㣬ȻٸԽ߸ɸ꣬ԼλҲǲܡ
ԽԼôҲԼĳϣ˵ı»еģǸʵȨĴУ֪磬ͱ˴ҪȨơŮ˵Ľޡ
첿Խ߽˲ٰһѧһ߸Խߣһѧϰģ¶Է
ЩУһЩİǼ򵥵˱Ⱥ
֪ģԹǰԼѡ
¹İĹһԼ׽ˣ縸ĸŮǰˣֻǳ˶Թĺ¾𽥱˼
Щ˸֪ԼȥʱẦ£ϣԷÿջ֮ģҲĹѣȥͶ̥
һ£Խ£ͻѡһȰ˵Ȼˡ
Խȴӵ˺ܶߵǲԼ˳ȻǱŵģԽ߰һʧѵĹꡣ
в˶Ӧ˵ǰܸоԼȥѻ߱Լˣλ˵ǼҰ̵ڿÿһʱ䣬ܸоڱСʱһ
ǽʱ䣬дμ̱һž޴ĺˣԺҲо̵Ĵˡ
ֻһҲˣ°дˡ
ʱھȻôʧ٣ʧٿԱʧˣںǵˣû˻ǵǣҲû˻ǵʧ١
ʧٹθ߼ԼǼᵽ˱һźֻ롣Һɫգ綼û谵һ
ôԽߺһ뵽˹磬ΪҲܻ谵һĿǰ֪Ĺڣҽ
ǰ˶ΪʲôѺۣȻܴµĽ磬ڿλʦǴԽԼĻʵ򿪽硣
ûйĺۼǾֻ˻ȥټʧٵĹɷ͹˳һΪֻ˽磬ǱʦץŴȥġ
һ򲻹ɷʵʦǴԽ߱ˣʵɲһܱȵģץһֻɷ˵ֱ練ơ
ǴԽ߱ˣһµĽҲ練ơ


194 ֿ
ΪѰʧٵĹҲΪ˵ʦһ˲ò̽顣
첿ǱҲ֪˹ʧٵ⣬ֻͨʦҲ첿Ӧеĸս˸˳ȵĲ£һ
Ǯ֣Ǯе˵ȥˣԲʦҲ첿Ӧ
ȻлмץаʦԼǰץƵСҲˡ
൱أȻ˹;ĴҲ粻ɻȱһķ̬֣˺͹꣬ǿԻתģɹ꣬䣬նȥͶ̥ǼʧûйȥͶ̥ҲͲѭֹˡ
첿Ҳʶԣҽ磬ѾʮֻججҪ硣
ҪǣҲǲ֪£ٴαһѷ졣
ڴԽҪԽϼӿ֮ǰ֪Ѿжٹѷˡ
ڴԽߵ*磬㣬ҪͶ̥ʯͷľؾݱԹĴڲδɽע⣬йޣҲ
Ȼ093ĩʱ˵ˣʦҪ뷲̥**ϼѡϡݱʱڹʧ̫࣬һӰ쵽˽
˿ڹһҺˣ첿ɹ޹ʧٲܡ
ǣԽҲ첿ٹʦַͬӡ¡
Խ߸첿ˣܴһλǳʦڲϵͲ׽˽ĹѺУβܣû˽ûˣûйҲûͶ̥Ҫô̥Ҫôɴͻϡ
첿֪ΣգʼԽȣ˭ʱԽ߳Ĭˡ
ǴԽ߱ˣôʵԶڴԽߺһ֮ϡ
ΪһڵĴԽߣϡǴ㿪ʼģԽ߱ˣǿĴУԽߴʱ㣬ʱѾˡ
һɵţϡ磬ǲ췭ظŹ֡
ԣν˶ø׼
ǰһϣ˶ڸԼ¼ĶΪ˭Ҳ֪ȥܻܲŻ
ϴν첿һֻвʮ˻ųܽĽȴܽĪͻȻ
ҵԽߣҪҪµʲô
Խһ㶣ûκںˣ˲ϵˣ˸ûС
ԣûУһа
Խһµ㶫ǳôߵһģԽҲúܹ֣Բܺԭһ𣬼ûѪԵϵ
һûռ壬Խ߻͹˳ǣĻϹ˳
ȻʱĴԽ߶Թ˳ֻᷳôô£⼸û鷳Խ߷˳أôܸ˳ʲô
ʣڴҶдһŻ¼һƵʱ򣬴Խֻһָ£һ仰Էһ
첿Ϊ׼һ£ԽΪͷˣฺ͸ϵΪﲻطʦԹͨĻ졢ȵⶼҪ
ټϰ첿£һǳĸûм棬ֻĶԻҲͣĸǰ
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ԭһڵʱǳרĴμ˾ҹɹڶĶھֻʮµĹھΪDΪĶȥȫְҵѡھھĽаʮԪ
ҽҹھңǿӲ٣¹ھͲ࣬޵Ķܶ࣬Ծ͸ˡ
ǰа֧μɼܼ¹ھȴֻ֧飬һ֧ǳAGսӣһ֧AG϶ACսˡ
սΪԱ֮ìܻԹ˴εϣACսȻǰΪûܾסӶĶȺŹǣһָϷ绯ıǳոͷ
ǳսԵڶĳɼȽ¹ھACǸոտڵϣAGһͷ
ΪAGACDսӣû⼮Աͽ԰ǵD˵Ǻܳģսӵսͣһ¶⡣
ܶû뵽ǣAGϵľʱ֣˹һЩ̶Ĺڣջ˲ٹʷ˿ĹעΪAGDΨһһ֧¹ھȫŮԳԱְҵ飬ҲȫΨһһ֧ȫŮսӡ
AGսӿԽ˹ƣٲȻΪҹȫŮڴĶ顣
֧ǳ齨жѵսӣܲϹʵ̨Ҫʮıˡ
ô˵ǳõĳɼѾǹҹְҵսõĳɼˣڶĳɼͷʢACҲй
迴֧սӵʵͳɼǳ֮ǰһƵһԼһAGսӣΪAGսӵڶˡ
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û뵽ȫûΪ񶾡ĵƵһſЦġҫʵ̽һҪҪμӡ
Խ߿źĶԻ̾ǲ֪һһ䵭Ըôô˶ģѻˣЩô˰
ôأԽԺһ
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֪˺˵ѵã֪ʶమѵã̶ܴΪమ֮󻹻ֱ𣬾ͺӵС֮ѵãΪսᡰʧȥ
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֮˵һ֣Լ޷ܵһֻ޿ռɵɵŵϵͳҲ޷ǳݵమȴΪʧȥƿȨֿ
ҲִܹԽߣܲôԽߴһȥǳమһܣǳҲܡҺǳӴԽ࣬¶廻ķվԽ
ǳ޷ڲ֪޸ֵװ֪飬Ϊ޸޴ڣ˵ܶ㿪
ԴˣһִԽߣֻ޸֣ӵȨȴվ޸֡
ˣǴӹԼúúͰɡԽεС֮£ǱˣԼȥ
˵ˣ֮ǰôãҲ⼸죬˹£еʱȥ⿪ᡣ


195 ں
ûźŸǵʱգҲΪ編ĹϵǸѧԸǵĵطʺ͹ͨѶֶֻͨΡ
Ϊˣ֮ǰλŸҪ˶һֹƳ棬ֹƳĶԺСиԣÿֻƳ涼жӦĸƳ棬ƳôĸƳͻῪʼԲкʳԼֱ
ôӹʲôأʱͻ
Ҳ˵ҳȥƳʵǰ֪ǴĶÿ˶ӦĸʼԲζŹѾˡ
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첿᲻óֻ֣ǹ֮Σأû㱾µĽȥ͡
ˣŵĹƳҲҪķѽǮѪģӹƼĸƶһֻˣŻϼǱ߽˲٣ôƳʵ˳ԡ
ʮ˼ĿǰDҵʮǿʦȻʦȺҲΪһι֮ȫʦǬܵȵ¸أܼʦĴûڣܵøЩ󱲰ɡ
һЩܱԸͽʦҲʮ첿дҵİæǰͷǿȴҽ磬Ȼɱʲô
ˣʮҲľκһǾ޴ʧ
ԽҲģæµơָֽͬ飬ÿڹ綼һս֮
ʮڽ˹硣
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˴󺰵һֻĸƻţײǽʱûԲУ
첿ߵսųأһˣҹ±ֳȴС
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˻AGսӵǳ˰ôǮˣҥһúϰAGˡ
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MBGɢˣϿ³⼸û£ɢɢһعĶ飬ҹҹ
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ǽAGԵģһھĹڶ֧ҹȦӵķ˿Ƕעأô˽²Ҳñ湦ͬΪDˣڹԶٷҲ㻥иӦ
ҲԼС˼˳ò˵ҹȦ˧ְҵˣȦ˧Ϸûû˧ڵɺС꣬˼ڽϣAGϰϡ
˵Ȧûʵʵ羺ȦҲòĶȥ˵ĳȦӻ˵ǮȨƵ˾׶˼
˧Ů˿٣Ҫȥ裬軹̱£
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С굱ߣǳͶǻصƵ׷δϴ˸裬ȴƳѺۡ
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AGܷĵڶDھõĳɼ
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ϸ˵ûУΪ˲ͬм仹޿ռ093˵ȷʵˣΪˡ
ĹضӣڹйɷԽߺһô͹ɷʶ˼ԽȰ˵ɷȥλʦɷͬ⣬ںԽ߿еĻͺžۡ
֪ʦץ󣬾Ѿҵ˹Ӥ
Ĺǧ򣬼Щ093Ĳ֪ԩˡ
ǲʦЩץҲƷҲūʲô
ȻȴڹɷĴ£ʦǾ֪ˡ
ڹɷĴ£ԽʦסһʹԽԽţŵԷһ˻ǻһƿ塣
һһ޸ֵľ裬޸һֱԲֹһм⣬ȴȵط֣Ϊ093һ֣൱С۵һ֣ȴֵܵ޸ֵĸţ޸޷ԹһʹԽ߽м⡣
Ѿ093޹ؽҪһ֣ѾʦŬ£Ĺͣ䡢ǿ˹ʵڲǸ093Ŀռ䣬νľ磬һ磬Ӧý093硣
һ˼ˡʦԽѾ޿ռɵˡ
ʦò̬˵ϰߣʹԽԼһģһʦ衣
ǰ裬һռ˭أ
迴һü࣬ڵһǣˣأ
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ضӵһ£ʶģ
ʵ貢ʶһʶԼֻ꣬Ҫһ۾ܿԼһֵܹꡣ
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裬һ϶˵ʶǸ裬𣿡
ضӵȫ岻ϻ˴ʲôأ裿ĸǧǧ𰡣
ȻǣһʦᵽǴԽߡ
ԽҲˣȷʵһ۾ܿԼʱεԼҪ缸ʮԼ
ʱԼûţƢֳӲһ㲻εġ
ʲôһֱ˵ʡ
ʦЦҡͷҲʲôֻһؼҡ
ʦǴԽߣƺִڻؼңΪ˶Լ硣
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ķ磬һʼһҲΪһӦؼңصǸһ衢ССļҡ
ԴڹôЩ꣬ʦһֱѰһؼҵķǺ*Ը˶ԣ˵̫СˣԣʦҪһƱģҪδĹ磬׳ǸĹһǿܽ˺ƿռ䣬صԼ硣
һ˵ؼңҿ԰㣬˵㵽˭ôģҲܰ취ȥڲٵǰ¡
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ðɣܰҲмֱ£Ҳ޷
ҽ裬֪ģҲ֪ұӦռ塭
ʦǴӶʮǰΪĳ⣬093磬ʱ˵һ࣬˴һˣʦ䣬Ϊ磬ʶų⣬ԽߺһһԼֻܲϵҵطأΪÿαʶ֣ͻĪȥ
Ȼȥֻ³硣
ڤڤ֮УҪ
ĳʹ£ʦʶ˹˼ˣڼŶӵ֮һǳΡ
ڶʮ磬ұ۸ǧȥȻνļǧ⸸ĸ˵ĳ谮Ϊҵų裬Ϊ˳Ůˡ
ʦľͺС˵һС˵ŮҸһͽˣʱ仹ţŮһ֮أ
ʦû뵽ԼΪɽţδˣȻ˵ĸΪ˳˰˸ӣÿ쿴Ź˳Ͷ۾Ϳģ˳ҪŮͼʲڵŮ
ʦΪ츳ڹ˳֮ӵʥ£Ե΢ǿΪŬĿ˳֮һеѡΣգڹ˳ǰǳǿĵʯˡ
κܳʦʶⲻΣ⼫пδܷʵߵξܹ½룬б⡣
ʦǣδܺǣĹ˳ʱǸδεӤ
ڤڤ֮еʦ˳ʱȴԣ˶ʮꡣ
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ʮǰʦڵĴԽ߸Լİֱһĵʦҵϣ
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ʦ֪ԼڵģΪֵ˳ԼûǾǧΪ衱֪Ѿ˴ԼΪˡ
ʦĻһ֪ˡ
ϸһǵشĸԴ
ΪС޿ռԼ޸ڵʱǲһµģкܶûдﵽ޸Ҫľ֣޸ǿǸͣǵ˵ġ
ֻ׳ش󣬵Գǳֲصش󣬲Ȼ޸ǲС絹˵ģͣ
СһԲٿصƵŽǰҲ󲦣ܰͣ
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ǴӶʮǰץģ093磬ҲֻܶӦĶʮǰ
˵ΪԽߵ걻һŽ޿ռ䣬˸꣬ԽߵԭԲˣǰʱץ˸093罻
ûһbugһǵʦ޷ؼҵĸԴ
صǣʦ׳˹Ҳͨصԭ磬ΪһʼǱʶģû޸Ǳ߲֣ʦᱻԭʶɡ
ֻһڣʦʹԽ߻ǲΪʲôһԼڡ
һ̾ʦҪ׳磬ֻ093磬һĩ磬һǿĹ磬һɿأǧǿֻѭܶԻ˽вɱ
˲Խԭǿ˻Сϡһħһɣ߲һߣħȴܸɡ
һ̾ùԼȥǲܵģǱԼ綪ġǣҿ㲻ٱ093ʶ׷ҲٱӰ찮
ʦؼңΪԼѣͬʱҲηпֵܳδΪ˵ĸӹĸԼĴҪ׷
ܴɵһĿ꣬粻ǹɹźһ𣬺ҲУ
ʦԶҡˣԽȴԺһļٵģ
ģһ̾Ҳ֤ɹ취ʹú󣬻ĺҲȷ
Ҽ򵥺ڵǱԭʶҲģΪñ͵093㱻ȡˣ൱ڲڣǵʹǰץ˸ȱʧԵ֡
ΨһĽ취ǣͬʱ093磬ҲںϳһˣҲпܵô񡣡
ͬĻһ˸˵Ǹʦ󾲾ȴ˵ľ
֮⣬ֺƱӦˣ˶ѡںϡΪǵĿһµģǵıҲһµġزȥҲٶزرʶ׷ֻܾ֮ӰΪ˵ĸӹ
һϧػܣʹԽ߶Եô죬ûио޸ֵļ⣬ɼѾﵽһĳ̶ȣܹ޸ֵļ⡣
Ϊù׳ȥвˣһ뿴ᷢչʲô
ôԽںϵĽʲôһҲ֪ںϺĹ绹أ
ԽߺһԵͬͬһʱ093ˡ
093ˣ޸ֵļϵͳҲbugˣ޸ֱõһʱȥ⡰衱ȴΪͬʱڣ޸ֵϵͳҲˡ
һ˲䣬ںϳΪһͬʱ޸Ϊʧʱϵͳͽ093ͣ
һһŮһͳΪһŶƬһжͣһˡ
ʱŵǳʱάŶʱıģ۽ǵˮֽϣʹҲͣ
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һ093ų߳磬޸ֽͣ093磬һͰķҲ093磬޸ϸϸŲʱķĲԾ
ͬʱһ֣093ΪͬʱͬһһʱշʱԽԭ羹ȻҲˣԽߵ094磬һ൱ٶ093翿£ٲȻҪ093غϵ˼
ÿ޸ͣÿ죬˳ѴԽߵԭҲͣˣȻںһ𣬲ֶ֪ٴ
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һ093ź𽥿£094Ѿ޸ŵͣʱ䣬ҪԽԽСҺͱأ
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£޸ûȡͣ뷨ȡͣͣԽԽ硣
޸ǱæңһҲùΪһɱǧ裬ʱһûֿʼȻΪѾŭǸˡ
һ֪˭֪ƿŽǲĸȨ
һķϽķ粻һ翵޿ռᷢԽĴ
ʣǳͷ磬һҲֻðķԼƤӵ£Ҳ㰲ģʲôҲܰæ
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⻹ģѵǣһûвѯȨˡ
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ϴκŪԽߵľ飬һŪԷӵӦ֣ҺһλɴܱĴԽȻҪࡣ
һûװɴԽ߰󶨵ϵͳװԭװԭûΪԺﴩԽߵݡ
ôûԭڲٿ˭
˭˭˵һװ˾ţʡ
ҿ˵ˣȵȣϵͳʲôŪԭûء
ϵͳϵͳ
Խߺ˺üΣûܻϵͳ
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һĴԽߣһɴ˵ֱҪ̫úŪһΪͷжأһĴԽߡ
⴩Խ߲󣬶վ籾
һʧȥϵͳȨޣȴܴӴԽ֪һЩŵľ飬ǰǴԽԸ
ԣһһϸԸ񣬿ʼԭŴ۵ģ
ԭʮӲʹ˵ʱԴܵ˼ѹСͲ
ں׵ˣʵǰԭҪ޸һʮӣͼ֮䣬֪˭Ƶײż˺öѪˣû˾͸ϯˡ
˵ԭļңһʮ֮ңԭճ̣˺˶гС
̼ʮˣ̼Ҷϳ̰ţų̼ҵĴ󲿷ֲƲغͷݡ
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̶ɺϱϣҲԭĵϥֻԭһŮ
ɺϱϣһӡ
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̼ҵСǣɼҵĳ̴󻨡죬ɼҵĳӣɼҵԭС
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ҲΪ˸̶Ǯѧ飬̴̼󻨵Ĳִ˰ԭ޳ȥġ
һΪ̶ߵý̼Ҳûô࿼ǣдеԻ룬ǴԻҲܶǰȫ壬Ϊܴżȫβɽŵĵط˼ҡ
ɽɽһҾԽɽΪ
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ǰϰ˶ͱź¼໴һʵͷۣȢһŮķ
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ͨ˼һ굽ͷܲӣǮ㹻˶ġ
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ҲȷʵϣȱǮжĳ̼ҾĶˡ
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̶ǸﲻƨųˣΨһŮҲ
̶һΨһһǿƵľԭｭϣԸǽһ˭Һ͵Լҵһ룬ܴӴͷβЪһ
ڣ̼ҶϲҾôԭ޳ȥģγ̼ǳýϻؼ̽ףϵļƽ˵Ҫؼ̽ף̼һӦҰһȴһ̬Ӧˡ
ϻȥҵǼ죬ܾһ㲻̫ƽؼҼۼҲﲻʲôæûµظɻҲͲǮӼãֻչ˼죬ʹæϻس̼ҡ
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̾Ҫֳ̼ңӣϷˤߣܵľǽó̼Ҳð
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ǳ̼˲֪Ѿ׼ԭˡ
һû뵽ô΢һԭ壬ʼӪʮ˳øʮСһӪӣһССǺ񣬸ҵǣССڽഺ֮ǰһˡ
ԭӪ㣬ӺСҪͳ̼ϣ϶Ǵ򲻹ġ
ңԭ޷ģҲûضȥ˳̼Ҿ͵
ԭ˻˵̼ܲþʬȥ񣬾̼룬벻ɵӣҲϡ
һԭ磬ѵҪԭ޹ȥ
һ˼ķʱԽ߾Ȼ˵ˡ
С£Ǹʵ˺ܺãҵ׷أɲֹóӲЩԵëƤǺöǮұ˺˧޸ٱȼ޸˺öˡ
һһ㶣Խߣƺõľ籾ΪһִԽߣһŰϵͳŮ硣


197 ˻
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ҪܵģϾµȫȫģܵĻá
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һ׳˶ֵĸ˳嵽ǰһѽһסҵĶɰ
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ʱһ˴ϴ˵ˣΪأҲûͼ˴ûֵôع
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һ˱ͷܣ˭־ŭ
ŭǮòǣǣѾͷƽʱ򶼲ֻ֪ޣ쾹ȻҺǶˣ
ԭĴųʮĺӣȴֻʮ꣬ƽʱ۸úܣʮĺӶ۸ͷʯͷһ֣һؼҸ״
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ȫ*ûѾͷӣ׷ײ²ǲǿԴ˿תˣҲΪһ裬Ҳͣˡ
Խֱӿɵۣǣɵ椰ôôأվܾĻ£Ժ͵ü̼ɫô裬治³̼˴㰡
⻰ǲ٣̼˺ͽϵĴսȻͣˣһڳ̼ҵùˣҲԽԽ̼ܳ˴̶Ҳܡ


198 ɽ
ķкܶ࣬򵥵ľǲԲȡ
̼һûзּңʮÿ컹üһݳԷÿ٣ʳǻ׺ͱҶڵɻʹӺõıȥԣѰһžͿУٲһ˳Եõһ١
ˣҲǻˮ߲˻̲ˣι󣬵߲˹˷ѣͻһκʹƣ̲
һٵ̲Ҳ࣬ˮ߲Ҳöóԣû͹ѵúܡ
⣬̼˻ÿٿѵԣýĸŮһڡ
̶ɵеĳԣȻԵûֵܶ࣬ΪǼж컹ҪɻܳԸ߷ֱ
һͽϾͲˣĸŮܳһ㲻ˣǲ˸Ǽв˼Ӿ͵ñ֡
һֶȫǺۣܸоʹȴںŰӲҪв˳ԡ
Ǹ֣һũ˼ңԱ͵ű˳ԡ
Щѹһֱ˯ڲ񷿣ԭҲһֱ˯ķ䣬ǳªĴ©磬ܵм䷿㲻ˣЩʱ͵˯һݣ˵ŮܸҪǽһֱ̼ðѲ񷿸ԭס
˵̼Ъ˺׵˼ǾͲһȥͱ˼һҲ˵ɼҵӶҪǮ˵ɼҵҲϴСˣЩΪȫҪһˣûǮȢϱǸϵ˶ʮûȢϱ
˵Ǹ򣬵ôȢϱ춼ʮüûȢϱѾЦˡ
ԣ̼ǲһģ㲻ҵĶˣҲΪϴҵȢϱ롣
ԼŮӱϱҽŮԣȱܿ**ָʡǮ
¿ĸŮ⼤ļƣ̼ҲðȻᣬֻ࿴˵
һȻЩ˾ȥ״̬ʮֲʲãûһ֮ûǮûأҲ֪ȥ
ǳͷ𣿰һѶȼߵĵطֶһ׵ѡǾǼˣ޸롣
ö룬һͲµ룬ƾԽ߶˷ܾܲµ
ԽȻҲһԽһרְߵģǴĴԽߣǵһΪֻеһ˲пܶԵһͶġ
һͨʹԽߵ֪ǸӡƧԻʵҵ׷ľǴԽ߶ԭ޸룬һʼС΢ദʱ佥˽˴ˣ໥֣ԽԽãԽ߿ִ֪ʶѹŴˣ뻤޿ħ˽пǵ˵˸顣
ܼ򵥣򵥵ǴԽյִ֪ʶԴ˵Ѿ󶨵ϵͳŵԸͨϵͳ̵꣬ʱͨû־ܶһ̵ĶЩִաȵȡ
ڲ֪ʲô⣬Խϵϵͳ޷û֣ȻҲ޷ִĶΪá
һҲϵͳʧȥϵͳȨޣԽߵϵͳϵͳ̵ꡣ
ǡ
һʹԼֲڵ˫֣ɴԽߵϵͳܻöԷϵͳȨޣ
Ҫôأ
ھɿкַܶǶڿŵϵͳ˵ֻһְ취Ǿݸǡ
һŴӴԽ߿дԷϵͳıǴϵУжϸϵͳͺţ֢ҩ
Խ߲̫ЩĳСһͨˣϵͳ˽ⲻ࣬Խֻ˵ϵͳĵһʱܺϵͳӣٻϵͳ
һʮӡ
ʮʲô
ӵĲó̼˲ͽĸŮַʮӳ̼һ궼ܲ
̼ȻзеأΪһͿ˼ҵףʼҵĺȢϱǮղ֪Ǯ
ͨĻǮģֻǿάƣңһĻҲŮˡԭļ̼˵ҪԴ档
һǼĵأպպһʳһ֣Ǯǳ̼ҹʲϵİѳţ˵ĸŮˣжҲ޷Ǯ졣
ǳֵ̼ũʱɿȥ˿жһʮĶˣʱ⡣
ɿǮһֽУһԼš
ǳ̶ǸɵģɿǮȫϽˣŸǣ϶ҳԼסѵǮƽ϶ҳԴöȶǼһǮ㶨Ǯĵط
Ͼ˵ҪŮܼױûмױ˼ҲŮҪױ˼Ҳ˼ҡ
ȴ˵Ůǵļױ࿴˼ҵʱԻ׼һ˵ѳ̶ɵĹǮõ֣нڲԭСĻ¡
̶ҲǸТģ˵ʲôʲôܽôԣǮȫϽˡ
˵̼ӣ̶ó̼ҶϲȴϵĻ
̶ɺͽϵСôЩҲûʲôǮҲ˵̶ɻԸּңҪּҲֲʲôҲܺ롣
޺룬˵ҲзͷУ˲ԼȢϱ뿪Ҳᱻץ
Ұѽģ˵ТܰһѹһҲּܷңΪûʸûȨûǮûء
ԣһֻܼڳ̼ңҪڳ̼Ƥӵ׬Ǯܿͨýƫ档
ƽСڼιιѼϴ´ɨȻǰæȥ˵أССͣձء
ֹһҲһֱͼ֣Ȼûȥ
һѹ׵˻ûȫأ̼˾Ϳʼʹɻȥæ
νиŮ֯޴ַˣʵũһĶͶʲôҪɣνũ񲮲ʵԶֹ
һûӦ̼ҲϰĴɵû£ʵһĵȥ˴βĺɽ
βֻǼ˼ңǴԻ
ʱɫ뱳װֳһƵĳ仹˰ذףٲȻһ׼ɽԵӡ
븽һ˼ңȫ˼ҡ
ȫգһǳգһգ˼ҲʮˣͨסڴﲻǺܺõλá
һҲˣǼʮǰһʼ˲żڴβƫƧĵطס¡
Ϊ븸ӴԱºãȭţм˾ǨǸҲ㻥иӦ
Уһ޵˼Һϵ׽޼ҵŮǺϵ
һߵβ޼Ůվһ𣬾ԺĴԽܵ˴̼
ҿ̲Ůˣ
һһʵ˼ϸֱʱ˽һЩִĴʻ㣬һŮ˵Ĵʡ
СǧǸ̲Ů빴ȥˣĻˣֻǲӺǮİҸ˵޶
һԽ²ü֣¼ȡԼҪϢ
žǣʵС룬ܶ꣬Ȣ޵ʱС޼˲޸룬뵱ʱżϱɼңȢ˸ˣӺϱˡ
ھİ󣬹꣬ܲһչӣڴ˵ס
ǰ޼ҾͲô룬Ϊھ˵ܿɿŮСһ˴ӣʮ꣬ԭһͣеǺ˼ҿѡ޼Ҹȥ˵
Խߴԭ޸ģǷ޹ϵͼ˸飬󱻴Խߺݺ裬ͼôһ˴ԽףԽè̫ӣ׸Ǹȼ޸Ǹ챻ұͱˡ
ԴԽߵӽǸͷβķɣԲĵС³ҡ
Խ߽һж񶾵Ļϣһǰȥ˺ǰαװ
ֻϧһľľؿźɽһûָˡ
ȫһӷ֧һƬïȺɽܲǺɽʲô˶ܽġ
˭֪ɽҰ࣬ǽɽЩС··ϳʲô£˭ﲻæҲ˵ΣյĴҰޣǱص߳һڣҽĴ˵ĴȫԻࡣ
⣬ֻԻ
ԻԵܳԣëƤǮ˭۲ҲûԼɽȥԣصһΣʮ˽ɽֻųˡ
˵ҰǣܹбҧĸɢˣһǶģڴĽʾȻܶԴ˵ֱаݡ
Ժ󣬳洫Ի˼Ҹҽɽͨũ˶ҽʶ·ѰﳲѨҰ޹
ԣβһƬдһվɽźɽѾע⡣
ҲһˣֱؿһԱ˵


199 
Դ磿˺ü˳Ŀ⿴һίͼʿҪ۵ףȴʱ
ҡҡͷ㷽˵ʲô
Ц񣺡˵ϴҰһ˳Բ꣬ϴһ
޼ҺԼסҲߵֻҪ׿޸һ²̸ƽ߶١
Ϊһ˴ӣϵҲˣûиŮ˷չˣ޼˶ܺãͶұҲ޼ȥһЩҰζ
ͷ˵ϾʹȥԷֲ֪ĵһҧ´̽˵ǳСɣǳ̼̫ƭԴĲ񣬾ȻԲʵǹۿ˵͡
Թһһϵĳɹ˽ҵǿӵеŮˣЩΪ˳ɼиҴææȢޣڻǵһˣóӻ˭˭
ѵô̼ҲִܳɵŮ
˲֪һֹʲôһԶֻɨһˣܿͳĿĵȥ
üСɽȥˣ
Ҳһü˵һŮޣֲ粻ܿģɽȥʲô
һߵúܿ죬͵̼ҵɣ˸뱥˸򻹿ı¨¨ﻹװһ
˵أգۼͲһӰüãɽﳣҰ޳ûҵȥ˺
ֹԴôôǸŮˣ
һɽ󣬴ԽߵĲѣһֱȰˣСһ˽ɽѽҶϵͳæɨ裬֪ʮûΣգһŴˣΣô찡
Ŵ˲ɵӣοһ㲻ǹˣ̣ھ÷չڿƼʱѧϰ֪ʶ㲻ϵͳҲа취Σա
ζӡ仯ȵȣһ۲츽ݣһֱɽ˺ܾã峿磬ٵ¶ߵʱһ¨Ѿװ˸ָҩݺӲݡ
Խߺʣʶҩݣ
һҡͷʶǳúӲݲһҾͶ
ʵһʶǰҰսʱԴѷ˰ԼҰ˻ҩݳԡֻΪԭ̫ܶЩһֻܼαװ
һĻƭ˴ԽߣΪԽҲֻǸͨˣʶЩҩݣ˵֣֪ʲô֥˲ΣСڵҩݣֶû˵οҩݱ
һֻ֪ЩҩݵҩЧã֪ЩҩʱļֵΣû֥˲ҩݣϾЩû˹ֲҰĸʲ
˺üǮҲûϵһɵҩݻԼԣһӪ壬ǰ찤˶ٴҲҩ
ۿʱˣһҲ̫ɽҹɽ̫Σգʧ¡Ұޡ·˵ز˾
һʱ·ȫĶǺдҰ޳û·Щ·˲ʵɼȫԻߵ·
ǾһתʱԼһ·Ů˵
ɽлˣŮˣԻȫˣŮ˵ĳʵڿɡ
ɽҲܴ˷ӡɽˣȫһ㰲ȫΪ뽭Դؽ͢ܣԺˡ
ԽɻôȰСȥ
ôԽ˵һҲںȥΪ˰ȫһս
һѭҹȥʱȴһ෭ϪˮߣԶһͷܲϿ
Ůӣʬ壬Ů֮дñŮӱ෭ѹڵ£ãߵŮӴϺõĲϣק֣һֱ
С㣡£ǻûµģһ㣬ͷܻûܹأŮӶͷѪģǱȴƴеС㡣
СñˣµΪѹţˣѪֹ붼֪òϾġ
С㣬ϵȣӦǸ˼ҵŮӣ˴ϪƺӹٵʱĹٵȥʵҲѹʵ˵·ߡ
Ҳô嵽ȫ帽ģʻһҲɥܿڡ
ߣһʵģ׺͸¶һ˵䣬ܿ񿪹Թӣ֪ĿڸУѾ໮ֵ൱Σա
һϣҩݵı¨һԵĲݴϪߵһ࣬һƴĶʯȥ
ʱܺ˶һ˵ŮӸϲС̫ˣоˣ
СŮ͸ñ˿һһ˫ˮͫһ˿ȣңǺˣ
ūҲ֪Ǹӵˡҿ˵ҹΪоˣǸͻСĹС㣬ô찡
ȻͱȴһСĹϵؼŭܣɹ
ǲһģס޷һܵĸ׳Ե죬׵ġ
ֻϧһǺǵģڲҩݵ;УɲֹҩݣһЩжԵֲɱ֮ģƤմȾж֭СĹɾ͵ùˡ
һ˵ĹʵܲˣһЩͳ̼Եģ٣׼ַǳˣһһ׼ҵܵ۾ʹŭĺС
УȰɶҧ˵
ܳһȥܵıٶȲСһһ㲻дһܳޣɽܡ
ڲɲҩ;УΪһߵĴԻ߹·ŰȫԻ;вµҲһһһ֣ʱóһõĵߡ
ҪһԼ岻ʵòĲϣǽȥݲŴӳ̼óģٸ㲻ֵĹߣԻµѾܲˡ
һѺ󣬴;ƴֻϧһޣƽʱСɵֲСֶ쳶˻û˳ΣյǣΪϹקС˸ˡ
û취ˣۿһѺˣǻûұ̱ڵϺޣСҶԲ㣬ûãҪǳʲô£Ҳˣ
СεЦѾߣСԼûô£˴ңǳˣѾֻǿϧСΪ˺ܣ֪Ƿ
һ߿һߺҵĨ᣺С£ҪҲһҲˡ
СҡͷҪȰ˵ҷ߳ɽȥ˰æȴһŲһСӰӴܳ
һޱܵϡ
ҾȵŴ죺û£أ
һڵסˣ
̫ˣҿһ룬漴üС㣬Խ˺Խء
һͷȷʵˣȫľ죬һ෭ǿɲһŲġ
ѾҲˤˣһҲֻó
һ˼Ȧ¼ľͷỹãʮִּ̣ϪСʵļʯͷСαߡ
ΪѹһˣڵλûһռȥСʯͷ
ڸʲôҼС㻹ûأʯͷˣּҪȥһ
С㿪ֹҲһ˿סڣλа취ˡ
һͷúܼ򵥵ĸܸԭ˵ֱ˷˶һ߶ȣñѹ
ˣһһҲ˲ôһһСʹԸⳢԣû뵽˶ľˣȻĽһ߶ȣ߶㹻µ
ȵСȫҺһ˾ҸϽȥС㣬զզģСûˣ̫ˣ
һվһԣָָŮӵСȣȻѪ
˵գһȥԼǰű¨Ĳݴԣᵽǰӱ¨﷭ȥҩݣҳһֹѪЧҩݣϪߵʯͷĥ֭ҺһƬҶռߵŮǰ

üʲôݣǴһʲôжĲݣҼСǡ
һ˵꣬ԼСȣǿԼҩ˿ڣҩˣùֲݣˡ
һ˵ż̵־䣬ûʲôȥ
ҽŽɽӹҩһСȹڣЬ࣬ҩ˿ϡ
һĽǶȿȥֻܿССıӰŮڵϣһֻ֧壬һַֻȣñֻڵһߣ߽Ҳܿݡ
˵ŴһЩŮҲױҪ󣬵ִǰҪÿնױŮӲʩȴϢ䣬壬ƽдһ˿ׯóܲ
һڴԼŮҲգ̹Ȼ֮ӣ΢Цնл˳ȻͶӳ죬֪˹գγƺ
һһһģճ̣С
ҩأԱסЦˣС˳ڵ֡
ŮҲЦˣֻЦ¶ݣ̧ЦⲢ紺Ǳߴŵ٩źϲ֣ҽ̹ɺãұ֣㻽ɡ
һţûжٷӦĿڴҰ˿ϣ߰İҩ֭ȥˡ


200 л
˿ڰò˵ѿֻҪҩ֭ϾܹãһҲ˵ʲôĬĬת¨ؼҵ·ߡ
Ҽ״һ͸ˣʱ̫бҪɽᷢʲôͲ˵ˡ
ҷվֻеˣһֻȻܶʹһȳһյš
ȻͶ˵ٶȺһǸȫˣΪԽߵĻɣҩҲɡ
ҵñһСԵúסúãҲúãһ壬ʱ٣ʮĺӳøʮһѹֵʱҲܾˣΪڴҿһģҲǸʮСŮ
һû˵ʲôű¨ǰ·Ż˲һЩС·˵·Ӳݡ
һıӰǺ棬ɽ·ܳͶ˶һû¾죬˳ҲһԼˤĶˡ
ã֪Ķ𣿡
һһ˳ƺãͱദ곤ǸһҲ˵һ⻻һ
ЦС￴Ŵ㶣ʵúúãʲô
ȫĺɽһ漴ʣĶģ
¸İԼݣЦǳּҵŮ׸ĸĸϣص˽Դء
ּʲô
һļֻԭļ䣬ԭֻʮȥԶĵطسǵ˵ȫӵ˾㲻ˡ
ԽΪ֪飬ʶּңּң֪ᵽСҸ˵ɲǺˣּǽԴصȨ˼ңүھ￴׸뺦㣬ֻҪˣ׸ּˡ
һͷԭȷʵǮ˼ҵС㣬ͺܺá
һɽ·Ӵ뿪ȫ塣
ȫسǽ˴Ͳڴﶺһߵȥ
ɽʱͲôˣӦڴЪϢһҹ뿪ģδС㣬زĴҹ˭ûˣͬסһ£׷ǹʣȥ»Ӱ
һûô࣬ǴҺԹȫǲںӣ³ײС㣬һŶơ
ֻüӽڸں󣬳ŻûرǰִｭԴء
ʱսʱسǲҪ·Ǯ˱ڳſѯʹ󣬴ұݣûٶ̲飬ͷǽȥˡ
˲֪ǣʱҶΪǼͬȹϵϡ
ӱµʱĸȥˣСĸ丸ʢǽԴһĸ̣ǫȥ꿼ţĸʱղ࣬Լչּҡ
ּ˿ڶ࣬ʢһӾĸ̧Լ谮һҵңµǫǵӣǫͬĸͬΪճ
⣬ּһңǸ궼Ҫǵλߡ
ּĸһһŮжּҵǫŮǫһ꣬ȴСһꡣ
ֻϧʱĸӻֻδ̧ޣ͵ܵǫͬܣȴر
ΪСĸĸСûĸ᲻ˣһʮꡣ
ҲΪǵŮδޣ˼ҵĹأԼǺ޼ޣɵﲻԽսޣҲ˼꣬ʮ߻ֻ࿴һ˼ңδ޵ʱ
ҰѾͷʶּңЩȨɫԷּۣҿ̫ˣ⼸*ҼİŮӴ˽ǾȥּҴţ̱֪ļҵġ
ԭڰǰʱҲǰִּҳٳٵȲһӵĵòˣȥŵȴ
ּʵڵȵýҪȥٵʱ˱˵ּСִｭԴسſˡ
ּҸϽȥӣּүʢԳˣɼּҶı̶ȡ
ʢһŮüͷչһЩŮܸҲֻͷúúãƽͺá
ʢ߸ּʮˣҲЯһ˫ŮʢһϴЦȴźޡʢ˵ֻһݵĳ谮ȴҪȽűŮӶûõĴƾʲô
޹ޣּĸҲĸףȻôǰ˿ʵһĹ֮󣬾͸æߴһ˻ؼȥ
һͷ͵ˣʱɫҪٻȫ壬ǿɾȫҹ·ˡ
ãôԼĶðҹ·ؼңһּҵĿͷסһһٻش壬мʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ּҴлһľ֮ˡ
ʢŮ˵һôģŵúӶڶһ¶һ˿мʾǰ죬̹ȥԺõĿͷס£򲻿ɵˡ
ּҺԺܴһּ˴ӽּ𣬾ĬĬ·ÿһÿһȹţɽ̨ͤһһš
һŽͷС㣬ȻһԺסԺרŸ׼ķ䡣
סúòòһĵģֻԼȻôּһǸӣһȱǮ
һû߳ģЮ౨Ȼ˵˻ᱨŶԷı
һؼǰּһûбʾȥһ
ʵ֤ǸܴˣһͲ׼øһĴлһҪʱ͸һ׼һС
һƱƱǷڰμвģ·˷ͽߣҲӦͻһЩ·ϿԳԵĸ͹Ϲˮװ˸ˮ
˸·һ·ֶֿʣϣһԻȥʱһ
鷿ӼһּңȼСҪãԺӣ鷿ͳɶѵˣʢӳ̶ȡ
һͬЩΨΨŵŵ̬ȣҲûƤĴֱ֮ƺ˾ð
ͦϲСá
Ҳϲǰô壬ѰһϣһҼС׼л񡣡
һͷлл
ûˣҵɴۡ
һҲɴɻؿŴңҲлл㣬ҽ㡣
ҷŵĲһɢЦͲ쵹ͦ𡣡
ЦˣѾͷﲻϼңز˽þǣǲŸúл
صͷСͨȷʵǶһлһɺܸвˡ
С˵öԣնлСѾͷŴģʵͦ
һû˵ӹʹ뿪
סǲԺס죬ҳէԽԴ಻ϤĵطǱˣԴҹһ佭Դء
һҡͷûǼΣ졣
ҡһ˵ʲôͼƮƮؿһۣĺֹɫŽһŭ첻ٿڡ
ȻһȥѾҲһǣǮ˸һͻȫȥ
ּ˵ٵ˺Щ죬ּ˾͵ĵòˣԳ̼˵һʧһ죬̼˾;һѾˡ


201 
һûſڣȿ˴Χ£Ⱥ̼զǣӵ˹ƶˡ
ԭһɽȥںģһлɽﲻȫ
׷һɽû׷һһǺһ˰죬ֻҵץҰ塣
ڳĴӣŲƤͿҶ̣˵һˣͬΪԻûеѣִܷ˴»塣
Ϊƽʱûжٴ˸ҽɽɽԻǶо飬̫УһͲһˡ뷢ִ˴屻ƻһ̴ѪѪܴ󣬿ľս
Ȼûκʬ壬ѪҲûʬǺ£֤һˡ
ڵǣܵȥˣѪ˾޴˿¶á
ⲻ֪ôĳѪȷʵԴؼѪһģǺܵġǺ׳˶кüһôһɱȴû뵽󻹴ˣм䣬ǻۣǽˡ
Ϊһ˵ص˵飬˼Իʹ׳һˡ
ô˻ĵģҲΪԼ֮ǰ˼ǸелȻҳӸɽˡ
е˳ˣеģе˸ɴͱŲԣų̶ܱӣʮң뼸Իһɽˡ
Ҳǲɣһ磬պô˽ɽʱһѾʹһСɽԴطȥˡ
˾ôϵ󣬰ŮУ˸ⵣͺһ˽ɽȥˣֱҹһ˲žŻѳɫס
ǲûҵһҵϪߵԵļʬ壬ʬѾ۷ĺܿʳˣܹר۵ĵطԣ䰮ԺǼʬһŮͨװαûŮҲòϣŮʱɽ³ñ⼸ʬá
ΪеĺܻаϻسѨõϰߡ
ȥҵ˺ܵĳѨָôأ
һ˶ҺͺӲգ˵˶ڣʱܹƣҲûкľ֣˴Իмѷĵ͹⣬˿ɶũɽģϺܣũƤ˲
Ѿ⣬ҵѨȥһ϶ҲҧԵˣǺαٹȥңѵҪһĸۼԼŮĲ״
գֻܾŻɽ̼һû˯þ
һŮпǷĳ̶ɸǺûкͱʹеĽϳܣҲҲûȥ̣ЩΪСӣԺ޷ΨһһŮܿڣھṆ̀˭ը˭
֪ǲŮ̼˽ϣϵڶʹų̶ɺͳ̼ҷּңӳȥ
ԭҲܼ򵥣С˵Ҳƽʮ꣬ǰЩɵδɵɽȥǵطǧԽȥΪǰˣС˭˾ð㶪ɽιС
ϿߣԼСС͵С˵ɽܺҵģΪʲôһɽȥǾ̼Ůһ£ģ벻Žɽġ
ŮģǱ̼ұģʵ˿̾ڳ̼ҵĴſڣ޺Ҫ̶ɷּңּͲ
̶һǸ׾ТıģҪ˵͵ּңҪТִϣǺ죬˵ʲôҲ֡
ְָų̶ɣݺݵص㲻ǰɣ㲻֣ﲻˣ
ⲻҪ𣿳̶ɫô˵棬ֻоԼˡ
ӣô˿ţ˵ʲô뻰Ҫؼҳ
ϵɤŴϢ㣬һڿ޾ôҶʹҵĶŶúòҰӲԼү̱ûԹһٺõģ˶ǺĵģɣһڣԵĻļã˲˵ģҵĶҲˣ
Ÿ״üҪȰϼǼƾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȶס죺ˣΪҿСѰһôңһ˱Ƶģ
ҪȰϵĻǺãԷΨһŮôˣ
Ůĸ޲ݣ˭֪⽭ŮȴǼõģϾһӣʮ»̥⣬˭ۡҳСǰʲôӣҲĿãʮŮøʮС޶һҪǹʮ˻û࿴˼ҡ
ҹΪũ˼࿴ϱǶȸɻ䡢ģСݲģö˼ҶأоȢؼҸɲ˶ٻøš
̼˿ڶ࣬ôˣؿ϶٣̴󻨺ͳֵ̼ܶòƫƫͳСɵɼǼɼҵġʱСѲΪڼ仹̼ҸŸɻµ񣬳ҲԲãӪϣѣųСͱͬ˱ܶࡣ
ЩǰСڳ̼Ų˵̼Һô壬ͬڵ˻ģСԺ˵˼ҺһЩڲһˣŮˣƹˤ̼ƴˡ
һ׮׮һ̼߳ҴͳСĲֹסҡͷ࣬ЩԸֱˬģɴŽ
̼Ҳûֵôѿɼҵĺɼҵ޶ûȢأֳԺж࿴˼ɾȳˡ
ԬϺͺϱѿͼ͵ͬʱˮɽϲǣֻһؿ޺
Ůǵãôѿһӵ˶Ц̶ɺͳ̰ţǴô졣
̶ҲǸŮﻹܵģο߿һŮǰһˣʱֵܺţҲûȥŮ򣬲֪ɵǼɵ
ʱ⣬⣬СⳤӣһӵʳͱֵȢϱҲûҵ˵£ڽϱ͵ּңһĻΨһϱȢһϱףΪѡ
̶ɶãһۣʳ̰壬Ƿֻǲ֣Ǹ仰ɡ
̰ü׶񣺡֣ƾʲôһ˼ҵĻøʲô
εֵĻǲա
̶ɿ˵СûˣҪۺԺȰȰСɡ
ȰʲôȰ̰ų̶ɣŮǺŮǴ˲ģûõʲôãԼŮ˶ܲסͷʺˣҿ϶֣Ҫˣȥ
ż̰ô˵ˣҲˣǣʮ˶û˸Ůû϶¸ӣˣҪ˵ӵŮ˶ȥûãǳ̼һڷԶǼʴȣɱң֪ٴˡ
ʵϣǳ̼ʴȣǽ׳˶һ˻򲻹
һûðȻ֣ڰ۲һʱǽҪͳ̼ҷּҵʱ
ϱų̶ɷֳȥôг̶ڣֵܷһЩأҿû˵ĵطؽݣŹԼӡ
û뵽̶ɵһ㶼֧Ǳ̼ҶߥԸ붼Ըּҡ
ҲˣԼ˯ʮ꣬û뵽ͷôŮ˶ӲһΡҲǺģûŮ¾͵ҲûˣҰȫ˺ļ֤£ͳ̶ɺˡ
Ҫǳ˽࣬ЩҲǵǵ̬ӽϺͳ̼˾κιϸˡ
ûʲôЭǩϾҲǸϸͷһ;£ûʲôǼǵĵطС
ɵȽϺͳ̶ɺ룬ױû٣еļ·ϳ̼Ҵţã
ͳ̼ûйϵˣȥĶأ
ʮС±ݡɷ򶼻ûҪĹټޣʮĽϣﻹ
ڽã֮ʣһˡ


202 
һȺΧŶĿ˰̣׽Ϻͳ̼ʲôûгֹڼϺͳֻ̼֣ΪҲڳ̼Ҵˡ
һͥ˵ҪϽУһò׵ӣɲϽ̼ˡ
ҲÿһûϽӣȻְвƵİƱʱǿɾ͵ú
ȵϺͳ̼ҳ׷ּңһ㲻ҪңҪߣҲҪߣҲҪּң
˱ͻȻܳһһ˸ŵֱѽ
̼˱飬˿̸ûǣ׷׺ˡ
ϵǲԼŮɹǾϲؽס˹һСû
һšǻۡĿ⿴Žϣ˭ˣ
˵ȥɽѰ㲻ֻѪΪûء
һҡͷ׷ңҾܣܵ壬Ҽܣ֪ȥˣڲܻ
һŲ²⣬ɵѾͷɽ·ˣһŸ߳
̼ˣ̲վˣѾͷû£㻹
ϴҪּҵʹ̼߳ҲҲôػȥ֪̼˺ʹҪôЦ
ɲȥһŮ˴Ůô档
ȥٰ֪ܶۿȥܷԲϣҲûطס
ʮˣҲһʱҧҧ㶢˳ЦĿ⣬һس̼ȥ
һȴվŲŽϵ֣ﺰ᣺ҲȥҲٱ߰ɡ
һݣɬ鶯촽㵽ΪʲôҪɽȥ
һͷүү˵Һó׳Լķ˵˽һҾȥҰˡҩݣ뻻ǮүүͲˡ
죬ںҪôŮڵҰǮҲᱻ
̧ͷ죬̫ʮ̵ֶ۾ɬգۣҧֳһһ֣С£ĵļˣȥӣ
ۼСַּң̶ɹҹ
üѿʱӺ檶˵붼ó̶ɵͷͬУɲŮ˺־ͷֵġ
̶ɴŭ㻹û˵˼ң͸Ҹҷּң
һʱɷ˽⣬ӳСļҲûҵֻƬؿų̶ɵ𣿡
Ȼˣ̶ǿ챻ԼɵŮˣԼͲĻŮǺˡ
һȿȣŮڼҴӸ޴ӷ򣬷ӣûԼֳȥĵ
һִҡͷҲ
ϣü䲻֮ɫԣϣС˵ģܸΪպɣһû˼ҵŮ޷ּңСһӶҲż𣡡
Ƚϱ˵ĿˮΧһ쳤˲ӣ˵ҲҪżңżҲҵļңڵļҲҵļң
⻰е˵ɵѾͷɶġ
һɬѣǰżҲļңֻĸŮڵļҲǼңΪżңҪСڳ̼ǾżңҲǰС͵żȥ
Сû޹ˣѵû޹𣿼ʲôöǺöΪʲôȢ޵һǮأ
û飬֣֪һЩ򵥵ĵǾǣܹ̼ˣҲԼߺŮٱ̼˱ǲǺ¶˵أڹЩʲô
һָսСǱ̼˱ŽɽģҪǲߣ̼˳ҪٱҼС
ʲôżҲżҵģСźùӣ㿴кһкҸҷⱲӲټޣҼСҺ̶ɸҷһӲȢ𣡡
̶ɫѿȢʲôҪʮԺŬŬҲ࿴ٱȽϺãôֱҰŮʵңҪǵ̫ģȢֶ
̶ɵı飬Ҳ֪ôҲôŮ̾˿ǴҸ˵˵ʱͽͣȻʹһܡ
󣬳̼Ҳһ뿪һҪǾպһ˼ң̼ҡ̼ǾԼٸ˵ķʡʡ׬Ŀһ㲻á
˶ЦϸǺͳ̼лأͣһǱƫ̻зԼһպ˼ңһһ롣
᲻Ǯ᲻Ůҧͬˡ̼һԼˣܲùܽϺһҲǿͬˡ
ˣϺһӳ̼ҷֳɹ涨ɷʱŮӲŻжʱŮҲŻ
ɾڣϺͳ̶ɺ룬˲Ƿ޹ϵ̶ɲǽϵɷ򣬵һԺԣѾޣңҵж޹أʱһļֻŮˣϿŻ
ʣϺܿǶŮسϱ
̼ҵ£һͷ뿪̼ңֳ̼˫⣬һ治Һͷҽа壬һѪ飬Ů
ϺһĶӳܹҲû·ưǲܸǴߣĸŮһףѹûȥ
һҪŽȥԴҼջסء
˿ɢȥĸŮʱֹţҪס죬ܲ˽Ǯڴأӣ
һܾãԭгֵҪôϵҲùҪôͲϣ߽С
ĸŮڵʱһͰССߡ
һи˷źһֳһĸŮ֡
ǰһã
˲ǽѪԵãǴãҽá
и˳ͬһڳϴ´ˮƽҲ˵ϼ仰ǽΪĵѣ˳ʹ٩٩ء
ñȽС꣬Ŷʮ꣬ǰһһŮֻˡ
üж࣬Ǽжӣжֻй๫Ķӣ쿴޴ȥ֡
СҪûضȥȥҼס죬˵ʲôġңԼôˣСݽϼ죬ĸŮҲܰɵ
˵æװϻǺۿ˴ȻǺõģһ˵˰强һȥüס
ӣÿף˻ʵ֣úСһ𳤴÷˸黹㲻
ҲǴĴˣǳһ壬ˣǰǳˡ
ݲ󣬵˿ڲ̼ôֳ࣬һСһĸŮסѼСŵ˵ס
ýں˵ʱһ¨ĶóЩҩ棬ס˵µİȻ±˶ϡ
һãԵĺȵһû٣һһ߻ġ
һĿɨڲʱڲһ㲻ƽžţҵͷ˺в㣬滹һӵƱ
һɵˣһƱϣ˼ʮϰǮʲô
Ȼ˴󷽣óһּҿǴ֮ҡ
Ʊڼв˵ϸһΪ͵صͷ
һͽ¿׶ˡ


203 
һȫνϣҲϣԼͻȻóһע⣬͵ǣһ̰һؼвֻ
һƱʱһʾ
ϲ׬ʮӣɹϵͳ̳ǣ
ϵͳɰСкһĪϲ
ԼϵͳʱΪһϵͳɹɫҲֻгŮУŮУû䱸ͯ
ϵͳʱ򣬳ĬüĴԽҲҿϵͳˣ̫ˣоˣ
ϧǣԽϵͳϵͳԽߵ
ԽΪbugʵһ֣ΪԽ߲Ǽ򵥸Ĺ»꣬ǱһԼ޿ռͱϵͳռ䲻һȻܱͿ
ԽߺϵͳܶûӦйˣֻһһˣøɻϰҲ
תͷԽֶһ˵СҪúŶõĻ֣һߺƷ˵ܰҵĵء
һƺúŪͬˣȻŴԽߵָ洩Խߺϵͳ
һ⣬ϵͳӦһϵͳѾŵλĩλ79
Ȼһһϵͳֵ֮ϵͳǵĻͺоƬõĶһģΪļҪԽǰһɱʱ侫̫ټϣһһļѾʮֳˣûʱԸ໨ǮȥͶʣǣüļǮóһЧֶΪء
ΪһģһҪɵ79ϵͳֻ輸ʱ䣬ĿǰԽ߻ɵ㶵ǵϣһһ79ϵͳļûз־صĶ²粻Ǽ򵥵С磬Ѿ޸绥Ӱںһ硣
ԣ79ϵͳﲢδ׼ľ飬߼Խߣӱĵطȡ˾鷢չ
һĹ飬Խ߼п޸磬ͨԽʱʱƺŮΪͶӰС˵ӰƷԽÿĻƷ֪顣
ԭ⴩ԽǸ˾ߡ
һĸŮסҲܰסö·ݴˣɻ˵еĸʱɻƲ£ʵŶ壬ڻʱ˴Ÿɻģڼеλ֪
ѾȥϴˣһҲţȥҺԺѲݺá
˻ļңøĸŮ˵飬ûôˡ
µӲùϳԷһĸŮû˶̨ǰˮࡣ
ʰʱ˻ĨǵشߴһĸŮɵܰ׳԰ס
ЦѪ
̾Ž˵˼仰Լҹѵ˼䣬˵ֲҪӼһЩ׷ǹʵˡ
Ʊϲ*˵Ľѵõز˵ˣһǷŲһƨĸŮС˯Сϣٳٱղ˯
ǰһһŴϵĳķССǸһССһĺӣ뿪ӦѾɳΪһˡһ˸ʮĺӣڽϵıӻ£潭һ¡
ҹһ˯ţҲ˯ţʱĳһȣֲʢȸʹ죬ȵڱޡ
ΪԼڲصúܺãⲻ֪Ŀһ˯ž
һ˫߬ϣһҹֲڱڵǮ
һһݹӣöӣСͷԼĪӡ
ӣͭǮΪ˵Ҳһʮȣ൱ڴ˼ǧϣ˭ûôɣ˶ǴʮöͭǮãƽΪ˷ũǻǮҲͭǮ
էһӣһ¹ϸһӣϽѹʣɵѾͷĶģ
ôǮҪʧ״͵Ǯô죡
һɽ˻¼˵ʡ˺ֻܶ࣬˵˾;ˣ˸лл
뵽ǽɽһʱɽ￴ʬһĻʮ֣ټΪԼŮʵּѣ˿
ʵٱȳ̶ɴˣõӣ涣һҪκӺӵĸŮһˣٻʱ򣬾ǮЩغͷӿ𣬾˵˽ġ
һͷһȫϰŵӣⲻ֪ŵͷİһ
ڶһ磬ϾʹһȥˣʱŽϵֺܲ˼
ҲףһŮΪϱżұΣϰǶ㲻ˣżҲ˭û»ԸûκѪԵϵء
ЩĽϻҲᱻϣΪ޳ȥŮóȥˮͥΪŮ޳ȥ˾Ǳ˼ҵģҲ̽ףЯźӻؼסǿɾٲҪܰۺͷ顣
ʵҲĲ࣬ĸŮһ·ŵִｭϵϼׯϽϾͺﳳһܣܵܺ͵ϱź͵͵ϵʱֱһײˡ
סһĸŮƤһֱ˻
Ϊȫ壬ټϽȫʮ꣬ׯʮ겻ͬϤȫ˺£ϾͯʱںܶҲ׼ȷ
صҵ˵صͼ´ܲõó򷿵ǮǮ·Ƿ
æ˵Լҽ˵㣬Ƕ٣˵
ϻҵʱ򣬴ö˶ˣʱͽ˵˻°ӵ˶֪ϻҡ
Ϊûͻᱻϻû뵽ҵǮˡ
Ǯ·Űｭ࿴ķ͵ء
ȾǷϱҲŮģĸŮȥúܣĵ㡣ҷʱ˶˲Ҫ÷ӣʡ򷿵ǮǮز¡
ⷿԭȴһģλþͲãβ롢Щý⻧˼ΪòˣⷿӴӻûסҲȥһֱš
ṹǺõģͨӣ©꣬ǽڲ͸磬Ǻ÷ӡֻҳ֩ܶ࣬ҪԼûʲôҾߣĸŮҪסûԼʰӾͺá
һǮĸŮŵء
űǵأΪͱϷˣ΢еҵ׵˶ռˣʣµҪôû˿ѵĻҪô״졢λصĻء
˵ҪǮԼѳ־֣Ȼ˵Ǯģǳ͢ѻĵأ˻￪ѳ͹Լ˵
Ҳ֪Ű׼زҪɵԭǺÿѵĵضĸʣµĶԿѵأԴҲɵͨﲻȥģ˸ɵ£ŵöȥĵģɼĲʲô¡
Ǿʣһѡ񣬻أýĸŮŵⷿݺأɢ䲻룬ҿɽ£ңû˸֣Ӳݡ
رˣʰһҲǿֵ㶫ôڣǮŶ࣬ҪõأøĸŮǾһ㶼ˡ
գǮݺĻأ˽ܹӡϾʣһӣһǮͭʵУƽҲ㡣
ϿݺƬأ˫ֲ¨ǽũߣ


204 ټ
͵һĨڴССͬһΪӵһҪ˼ĵط࣬ǸˣֻܶҪлȨ¡
ǰڳ̼ʱ̶ɶڽϺԼ֮ǻһ¾˵˭˭˭ôģ½Ϻͳ̼Ҷ֮ìܺ
ͷйѹţɷ򲻶ãٶҲûԼСҺùڲͬˣһݴɵĳСһжϵģһҪңƣ۵ͬʱȴҲֿԴչȭŵɸС
ǰݺؼʱѾãɽϵҲ࣬ʣµһǮҴ˵㵾磬Ϊֲֵڣܶ˼Ѿ磬С
Ȼʡ̣ҲҪˮȥ߲ٶȺɻʡ
һҵﲻǺܹ㣬ҲҪ˹ˮȣɻʱͽϺһˮȣɻҲʮۣϾǰڳ̼ҲЩ
һôϵͳ̳ǣ׬ȡʮӵϵͳ10֣һɨ̳ĶֱֶһһЩȵǰʱӸ߲磬һЩִ溦ũҩ
ʮֱһ꣬ϵͳʾصˣһǲϲϵͳеôԽ
ϵͳʾرպϵͳϢֵֻʽչһԺԽȫġ
һ׬ȡʮǼϵͳֱִɾûôˡ
һһףʲôøжȴﵽ205080100ȣȻСĺøжȣľǽĸ᳹ס
һǶţû񣬻ֶ˵ûԼҪȻֱϵͳϵͳ̵ڰĵߺԴʵϵͳУ޸УûֻȡߵḶ́û޸̵깺һḶ́Ľǲᱻ⵽Υģһ79ϵͳֱӴ޸̵ȡǾͲһˣܻ̱¶ԼĴڡ
ǣ˽еʮֺһûô79ϵͳһߣרĸ֡
⣬Խ߹ǿһɻˡ
Խÿ޿ռﲻ˯ǷΨһȤǿһΪڵĸоͬǣܺ͡š컥
ҲΪһĸŮۻ絽ûЪϢʱ䣬šԡȰ˵ҪǼ޸ɣʹиܱĸŮɻá
һû޸ֵ֪˼뵽ģֻ֪Լں׷ƽȹͶĻᣬԽȴϣͨ˹ͶĸԸȦ
һʴԽߣ㲻˵δԺҲǴһ𣿡
һͲû˼⽨дˣԽӲͲ֪ˣһ㰮ˣԺӲźù޸룬ǮһȫȫԹϱĽĺӡ
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Խ߳һԭｭϾǸӣûߥŮǶһЩôŮҪƴӣ˵ʲôҪչҲչԼģӿˡ
⻰վڽϵĽǶȵҲûԽΪ˾Լңѡ˸лСƨ
վߣԽ߲ùܽڳ̼ǰǰֻǳ÷츲أûϵǳСֲ
⣬Ҫ㹻㣬˵ҲԸһסô˵ԽҲûգֻзĸСסģмݵĸģ׸
ʲôг裿һʡ
ԽΪˣʲôг裬ɵʵʲôѽ⻹𣿾Ƿ¶㣬㣬ͽг衣ֻҪϲ㣬ͻٰ谮ҪԼҵʲô㡣
һҡҡͷϲңŻңҪǲϲңǿԺҵһң
ϲ㣬ֺѽ㣡Խߺɸֵص
һЦˣЦʮֵֺãֺңҡβҸιʣ𣿡
һڳϷʵģȴôԽԿۣôֺõһУͺ͹ҡβһˣ
һ룬Խֲ֪ô͡ѵҪһɵⲻ˶Թʩᣬ˶Ů˵ĳ谮
Խˣ첻һ
Ȼ첻һûŵһ
һǳʵũѹûоȥܴԽ߻ߺйص
ũԶɲ꣬Ҫôأжۿ֪Һܶλ᫣˸ɻѶȺʱ
ڣĸŮȻû赽ţأҲĸʱԼҵĵظˣũ΢Щ
ΪԸʡǮĸŮֲһЩʳ⣬ļһЩ߲˹ϹднȣԺֱӴݺʡȥǮ
ڼһµظɻ䲻ɻصҲЪͣǰںɽڵһЩҩݸ࣬Լ˵ҩҲϰ˷˵׵ҩ
ϺСզ֪ЩҩЩأ
һ治ɫ˵ɽһּͨСһּңĴ˳ұһЩҩݣ˵ҪؼҸá
һۣҵɵŮôôأôӦѽҵ첻ͺ׬ǮҪģ
תһ룬Ҳֻ̾ԼŮҪ׬ǮӣĸŮڱ̼۸
һοϵҼסЩҩݵˣǴķӰҩɹɣҾȥҩ
һҲУܹǱ룬ǲģ´νɽҽϣɽڣɲܽɽȥˡ
Ǽ߱ܿõʬ壬ǰѽŵùǺɲŮһ˽ɽˡ
ͽɽһ֪ģɽ
úκһķ綼һپ¾һһЦ͸¶żõĺͶׯʣܵ͵Ĵҹ㣬ûκһ˿ԣȥǳ
ʱС㶼Ϊһģӽ̳ġ
磬һʧȥ̫ϵͳȨޣ޴ӵ֪ķ紩Խʲôˣȷķ᲻ᴩԽġʶˣпڶûķ硣
ǣķһĳطΪķһһ߾ͻԶķ簲õ޿ռôԽ߿϶СС
֪ܲǲķ磬Ǹһ̵ӡ
һǰһµӡǵ͵Ĵҹ㣬󷽡ׯ俶
λС㣬һºٴγһǰ
׼ȷ˵ǳһǰǳȫ塣
ȫɽˮλʮֲٽĽԴصľ÷չҲȻĲָһЩƶضضԣԺ
ּǱصĸ֮ңйּһʢϵĲҵͱ鲼ݸ漰иҵҵǲ衢͵ȵȹغҵ
вҶʢȥɲСʵϣʢԼϲ޲ɽҪǵһЩںĲԵͼ۽Լֶκͺھ֣͵ط߼۳ۡ
ǽҶʢԭȺĲϵĲɽãҲҶƷҲһ㣬ʢٴӶԷҪҪԼ²ɽԴͷֲɲ裬ܽɱѹø͡
Ϊغɽֲ裬ʢЩһֱæֵµƹ࿴ء
Դؾ˶壬ʢֵµ˼ɳȥˣУǽԼûߣ˳ȫһΡ
ʢӦˣĵܵǫҲԸ˵ҪȥʢأʢһʹרĶ飬ⲻҪ֡
ҷ˵үǸС㣬ү˵Ҫ⣬үʲôˡ
ˣ˵ˣСȥʴˣûпɽµسۡ϶˵˴ҵĻ
ҵͷС壬Ը˼䣬СȽȥ̽Ϣˡ
ҺվߣͻȻһʣС㻹ǲǵãһǰǸСѾͷҲȫġ
һ˿Ц⣺Ѿͷأ
֮ǰ뵽ǹȫˣȻԴؾô壬ΪʲôҪȫ塣


205 
ͣڴڣµĴ۷׷ˡ
ţ¿ﻹʹãôƯǾֻгǮ˲Уһǳүˡ
ñҲֵסкĴѡ
͵ĿðĿȻͬҲֻ޲ðЩС˶
ȴʮ̹Ȼ䲻ãȴ򶨣Ժĳأ˷ˣЪЩ˼
һһʼ֪ˣϾҲһ֮ԵԴӽԴػûɹõҩݣһĬĬȥˣǮߣҩϰ忴أһѾͷѹ˼ۣҴ󲿷ҩɹɾͻһЩһ¨ҩɹɴҲֻʮġ
ڣʮĵҲһĸŮϣһһܲɼʮĵҩݣҪÿ½ɽΣÿ»ܽ˼ʮϰģǮҲǱʲСĿ
Դһͽ˵ǵּҴЩҩúȷȫĻϣÿͽɽһΣɹҩҪЩ죬һ˵Ҳġ
ʣµһǮٳӵǮЩõߺũߣûʣÿ죬ϻţȻûǮޱҪ
Ľ˽ţڼĵûǰЩ˵Ļף˾ͿɽڵҰˣңҲԣǰڳ̼ҳԵûЩˡ
õķչȶǺ£ˣϻ֣ĵӺ߲˳ƺȱҵĻҪá
Ҳ˺Щأǰڳ̼Ҳµظɻ̼ҲҲֹӣûôõģﻹְӣ溦Ҳ٣ôĸŮֵĵӳôã
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֪ԼŮÿũʱ򻹻ũҩ溦
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һǸɽյˣԼԼѧϰೣʶԼսѧϰһЩӲ֪ʶͨʶͷϵͳ̵һũҩͷϣԸ̡
˵ܴﵽһģһЧϾ໯ѧûлԭϵĻ޷죬һʺũҩЧҲʮֲ
ȻЩȫŽϸ㣬ϿˣҲһڸ
һ뵽ϵͳ뵽˴ԽߣڱѧɣһЩط֣
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ԳСļʶͻȻĴԽߺϵͳϳҲϾֵķʽͲǳܴﵽģңԽСˣ˵ԽУɺҲ
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ڣһûֱ˵ʲôϵͳԽߣ⵹ôԽ˿ɾɰɣֻҪ¶޸ֵĴھС
ʵ¶Ҳûϵʱ˵ʲôԽʲô޸֣Ҳͨ׶
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һ˵ˣǰҲ˵ĿİͰ͵Ļżɿǻأҷˣǰ۸ˣһ𰤴ںˣһһˡ
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˵ĿǰˮǹõģƷչȥܲ꣬о¡һҲĸɺϳʱ䣬ʱҪǴĳɺˣû˽ˮҲûˮǿɾҪˡ
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ԼļǮ϶˵ĵͣҪأǮˣǼ۸߲١
ǣһЩˣũ˵͵ǸзмңеؾзڵĶһˣԺɽհ
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ȫ壬ͣڴڣͲˣȻխ·õͷĲԿûô㡣
߳˴ңԲһͲǺǵġ
һ֪϶ǳĸС㣬ֵĲ١
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˵ȿߵɽô͸æβһ
βɽţµض࣬һһҲþ
ԶһͿñ֪ΪҲ̧ͷһߣֻԶԶһǰվ֥Сˣһȴϳˡ
˳СĿ⿴ȥͷֵڶͷϣֹС㿴ɶأ
Цȥµء
µش󲿷ֶ˸ֵӣֻпɽļ˼һˣ󲿷ʳһƽϡ
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ǵһֳӲݣú͵Ӻ΢ͬӰ쵾ӵҰӱС׵ʱӵĿŪ˻ۣܶԴũľǰӡȻʱʵûóˣҲܳ԰ӡ
˵ӣҲᶨڳݣҲûһҵĺѽ̲ס࿴ۡ
֪棬ֵĴҲȲѣ׷˼Īµرƽطʣ˵ĸŮʲôĸַ
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ЦӲ鷳óôҿɣǸʵģֱˬҾϲ˴򽻵
һ֪ǸӵĲ̣ʱüЦһȥСȥֹúÿ
ǳôµ룬Ҳܲļ*ǮǮȥҲеѽ


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һת˲ŵģһ˿ãǣˬ˳ƤϤķ
ķ磬͵ڶһͬ壬ͬܵϸ̵Ĺѵǻ᳤ɲԸ
ǣǰԲͬصĹ°䣬ķֶһ־Įǳȫ롣
ԼǸһʹЩķ硣
Ѿǰߵȴͷһһ˿Ȼ
һĸŮһȺ˷ķȫµأֻһ
ȫµز٣Ƚƶ񤣬Ҫ׮ҲУһǾǵһĸŮء
һĸŮʲôصУں̣ҪǽһĸŮܰµЩµضԼѵشãܸڳɻòĹǮ
һЦģȥܺ˵˵ĻҲĪŷӣܰҵĵشãҸͳһ¶ӹǮ
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ңһתôأĸŮ϶Ҳֲʱⲻ˻Ҫ鷳λ
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ĸŮָ׽Ĵˣϲŵ˰ѴȣСûΰɣһ¶ӣ
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ǣôȥ˸ܻƣȱ٣ģ

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Ҫ̼ˣǼǵʱǻһϵһһСʲô󲮣һֻһĮġš
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̶ûкͼһԼŮȴһֱ̾ŮôôĮأǰҲỤȴһظߣﲻأ


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ũ͹¶ˣسǺʹظ·㣬ʱĽͨкôЯÿ첻͵ÿߣ鷳úܡ
ǽڲ԰ɽ´ݣרŸЩزũסЩũҲЩӣסһҲ¡
ƽĻʳأԸղ˵õ죬ǻġ
²ũĻʳǷݲĲ£ҲǮ׬бŽϣǸӻȥʾõͬϰʳ
ʳּҸʳĲɹҲɹ¸Ǹһѣÿ³ӵĹǮܶǮ
κ³ͽϽӴֽһ㲻ֲ裬ũҲüΪʲô˽ǹ£һûзҴźӶŮˡ
Ե˵ҪҶѵķʱũǶΪһũʲôҲϹָӡ
˵ּҴС㶼ĵֵúãðطֵؾǣǻ飬ǰǡ
κ²ɵ÷ĽֵּȥǴӦؽʮĶأȫȨʣµĵػɲũ
Ҳû֣ΪҲȷʵֲԼŮķϣȻЩ˲֤ǿ
˵ʮĶأʵҲȻΪµز򣬺ܶƴһ𣬲ΧҲ൱㣬˲ũôֲֽʱͲũǻ죬Ҳ͵ʦѧһ㶫
ȳ̶βʱͿһߴӹҨ˸ũһߺʹһĵûȡ
˵Ѿ룬ڳ̶ɿûжޣûȢһŮûһˡôԼͶȨ
ּҵĲũˣֵĺӣ̶һ⻭棬ʱֱѵĸоŭسȥʽϡ
ûȳ嵽ǰȱһסˡ
һŽôܳԱӣ˿ҲûǰôˣҲˡ
̶һ㶣üС㵲ʲôﶼҪǽˣ
һɻؿʲôǽ
ңҸ㣡
һü˵ڸɻæֲ㡣ң㶼ˣ˭˭
Ѿͷ˭أ̶ǰ컹ھأڼϺô຺˵ּŮôǵھʧֻչʾԼ硣
ûȳ̶ɽѵһɻĲũǼԣũ߹̶ɾˡ
һ̶ҪԼŮѹĸΰСŮǰûһͰˣ㻹Ҷִ
ôΧ̶ﻹҰڳ׵ļƣɰͰ͵˵˵ɶأСؼҳԷģѮ٣ҽСȥԷ
СĶ磿
һѰŹڶļ䣬гӣǳ̼ҵӣҲǳ̼ΨһĶˣȥԺ㿼š
ǿгţԺ̼Ҿ⸳˰ˣ̼˶żȮ졣Ҳǳ̼˲ϷּҵԭҪǷ˼ңȳӿˣǾûմˡ
µףԺԾڰ£̼˶ָųء
ԭĳǸͳ̼˺ܲһĸ磬ǫѷԼΨһúܺá
ԽʱҲ˵ǳ̶СǧҪùϵ̼Ǻܻû񣬳̶δǻ״Ԫģֻǳ̼ҵǮ֧һ·ȥ
ûϵСҵģ͵͵Ӽó̶磬μǵݶ飬ҼôֵãˣԺ״Ԫٹһлľ㣡
һȴҡͷԳ̶˵Ҳǳ̼ˣҲǼҳԷԼļҡ
̶ڵòУѾͷǰ׵Ķ綼вˣ
úúãĶס˵Ļ㿴ԺˣĸŮǲ⸱
̶ɻؼңͿûȿ֪ôķУǰΪиƫģί˿ԼͺӱԹﺢӲˣŷԼĴڡ
ǼгӣһҲõĺ⡣Ǽ۶ֺǳϢĸ׳谮ֻ϶м䣬ﲻ
̼˷һƬг̶ɻǳȷվſڲų壬վ治
̶ɴͷɥ߽³Էȴϻûꡣ
̼Ҿôһӣж٣ƽʱϱﶼǶվϼв˳ԣΪӻɼҵĺԷ˳̶ɵλá
̶ɫ䣺۵ҵĵӣģ
̰һۣˣӺò׻ؼһ죬ǵøһֵȫҲðǰɣŵųԾ¡
̶п˵ĬĬŵӼԱ¡
ʣ壬СͶ𣿡
̶ɰϡ࣬ǰûͻĲˣΨһһĲ˶ųǰˣڲ԰￴ϸЩũǶȥĺò˺⣬ֻԼǰķ˺ʳûʲôû˵ˣǰǣҶٹˣ
Ӽ̶ɻôһº͵ıҲЩסˣĬؼвˣٶʡ
죬Ѿ˵÷ּҵ£Ѿ˵ĸĲˣ˵ܾСĻ£Ҳܰ޸һʮһ򰡡
ĸ˵С޳ȥΪ˸ÑһֻĿƵûţö顣
̼ҵո⽩ӲļԼӳԱ񰡣Ͻ˵ֲǱĸŮߵģҪ뻹ҪּңǶľּҾУܺԼŮϺӣ˵׼ּҲ԰µľǶ֡ԼҪѡ룬ֵ˭
㣡̶ŭҪǵﶼ÷ּңֻܺ룬Ȼһ춼ȥ
̼ٴΪ³ЩΪۺ콭ڲ԰Ĳ׬Ǯ̼û˳ܣÿγܶ㲻̶ɵΪų˽룬ΪТֲּҡ
ȳ̶ˣ÷ĵС治س̼
Ϸ˸ֳۣ˻ôأ̶ث֣ɶʱס˵ɡ
һһԽֻΪŷֳ̼ң˳̶ֻʧûеĵز
һʼıԼĳ·
һƱһ˽ǮҲ𣬵Ҳ󻨳ȥǸ⣬ǮȥǺûǮҲû
һΪԼǮȥʱתˡ
ּҵĲ԰ڽУڼ佭æּҵĲ԰ȥˣĵؾȫȨһһ˴Ķأ˵ʱһĶرȺСЩһĶػǲס
һ֪ƣһÿһ۾Ǹɻоôָõĵأôõũߡ
ũһ飬һͼϵͳ٣Եһֹߣ紸ӡӵȣͿʼũʱʡɵũߡ
ĵزͬڱĵأһĸ£ֵĵӺ߲˳ֿƯֵʱ䲢磬ȴ˴һջġ
һҵĵջʱ򣬽ϳմּҵĲ԰һջ
ûעԺĵأʱһ˶ɵˡ
µһ뱥ѹ˵ѣµز󣬵ɽĵʮ־ޡ
⡭ֵôЩ꣬Ҳµأ޵˳̼Ҳµأ˼ʮ꣬ԼҡҵĵأΨûôյĵء
һ˦ɣɸķϾǺãɽ׻ҲˣǾ԰ɡ
ͷ׻
΢һ˼ˣʱŮÿϽ̨Ļɻ۾ˣԭæⶫ
׻ܲһ֮ܰܰ׻ãǵÿգ׻զãôҲ
ʵһǣ첻Զ̨׻ĸũ


208 
ĵȲֱʳãҪѿǡ׵ȵȲ裬һ۲ũ˼ҵũߣǼ򵥡Сɵũߣ¢ȷ糵ʹãֻм򵥵ʯ룬ɼʱũ߷չ
һõũ߰ԺʱĲũۼˡ
ּҲ԰Ĳũļˣ඼ǱҪô̤ʵϸɵģҪôǾɽϾټġ
ֵһ˵ǣһʼũûŮ˵ģͽʹϵũҲǸ˱ġϵļˣҪôǸԼĻƣҪôǸԼжģ֮ԼɻģƺʶؾǮĻøж
ǽһǾôũȫǴϴˣһŮм䣬ͲСҲı˵лСû˼أô˾ڼҸĲ԰ɻСƽʱҲҪɻܹЩȫ
һ棬ϲ֪ģԼͳ̼ҷּˣŮ࣬һʼ࣬޿סźŷ֣ǮԼסġ
ԼͷҲշԼĺѣǸöֻиɻģ˽϶ȰһһǺãǵԼźá
ͬͨũĲ磬ܳɿɲɲĲ԰ĻûдһԼĻأպҪżһȵ
ԽȰЩŮˣ԰ĻԼɣԼǮػأǸɾС
еȰҲеԼǾʹɵģǾ͵ǰѻؼء
ˣֻð˴ˣѿȱʵֵġ
԰Ĳũ˻ռôҲĸŮˣΪҪһµظɻԻЩ˺ӵĸˣͼʮңͽϵǺĵ
һһ⿴һյȣ˼ҿһĴһȫľƵģڣһԸߣе壬һƺǴõĹӶѻĿӣи̤壬Ҳ֪Ǹɶġ
˿ȻĽṹֻܿóǸľӣһ۵Ļ⣬ƫ뵽һϡ
ϸºˣǸŮûôûµظɻˡ
ÿϼĺãκ˵֮Ҳ԰æˡ
˵԰Ļƿ϶罭ϵµĶ࣬һʮģԴ˼˵һʲС룬˭١
Ǯͷ˵Ǹһͽһһ¶ӣκȴĿ˵ĸŮɻ絽ڲ԰ɻŸһ˶
ĸŮԼũҪأһֳһַϲ԰㲻ˣһҪֵأһҪоʡʡĵũߣʱȥ԰æ
Ҳ֪κҪ˽˵⡣
˼һӣҲǱ൱ɹ۵룬ũ˶ԡ¡ˡүȱԼλͽǮ˻һ˿η壬κ˽˿ĹǮҲû֡
ˣÿ¶ӣϺһҲǰһڲܼȣ⻹ÿ̼ɫǾÿǷŮڴ԰ʱԼ˲԰ʳһ򷹶˴ÿ춼͵͵һԸ˸Ǳȷࡣ
ũɶǲģּļоĲũйĲũԷ
ۿһ⼸³Եú˯úãǰʮ곤öãµأȴƤɹڷ죬Ϊ˶Ӫϣϰεͬʱ֫޳ʱɼͼǰܱ̼һưסСнȻͬ
һһ˾ܰᶯôһ١
ǿɲһÿ첻ũľͣЪضǰԽ̸߽Щʽû֧ţʽ֮Եģͬʱǲ⡣
Щ书ʽһʣһ˵ɽ̵ġϾڵ˵߿ɲ
ڵԽߣÿ˯һȤ˯һҲصעԽǷڹ۲
ԽһôȻȻһ˵Ǵϵͳ̵ﻻģԽ߲һжٻ֣Ҳǲסϵͳ̵ﶼʲô
һʱ峿δʱԽʱں˯Ҳѹû
ֱڣԽ߶ΪһǸʲôɵ椡
ⲻ֪һ书ԽԽгЧͲʮǻڷ꣬ͷ䲻һϳԿ࣬۶ʹ̣֪ƣ룬˭Ҳûͬе;
ɵ˷׷׸пһòʱԽԽԽòԾ
Сѽְ̫˰ɣļ米ҵѽڽ𣿡
𣿡һɻԱһ½Ϻ֫һûϸߣû׳˼£ԶԶ罭ϵ忴ȥǿ׳ֱ۲ء
Խ߶켱ˣɻˣҵĹӴͣһһٶˣҪˣĿѽ
һеѽ⣺Ҫݻǰ۸ֶϰĵز𣿡
Խ߿ǣӲģ϶ϲ
ϲϲʲô£һԽΪʲôôִ롣
ҵ*ǹ밡ϲˢĺøжȣûл׬㿴ϵͳ̵꣬ǲǻѾˡ
Խ߲ѣһ벻ϵͳ̵ĴڣûжҪˣҲָܻʲôöûܴԽߵ룬ǰĵȣʼʾȻ
ոĵȣʳõĲǹȻþǴˤ²̤ṩڲתӣĴ򵾹ϵĹЧ
ȻֱˤһʡҲ٣ЧʸߡһȣҪˤö£˦ɾĹȻϲȼ£һȾѸɾˣʣµĵ˼գϡ
˵Ϊܹƣһ㲻ľ̿ķϾũϵ¶ʹ򡢴ĥһ˵ѡ
һЩ滻Ȼ嶼ľƣһһ˾ܲ
һֻŲȴȻת˫һѵһţŴȻĶһͷĳڴӾͶĹ
˻ˤȣһѾץڶˡ
ũǷ׷׵ɴۣҲǵһμһȻĲãɶôˣŮܸԭͺܲˣû뵽ЧԶԤϡ
ӴιӣҸľôʹأ¾Ѹɾһˣ
ϡ氡ۿ㿴Щ
ɶСԳɲɣ
һչʾһ£һĴȻ˺ԣȻӣԽôʹá
ʵʹòû̫ļɣֻҪעӵʱַ汻ȥС
һֽ֣Ų̤ӣֿʡһȵֱĴȡ
ñޣʣСٶȣĶǲһˣʲôȻܲܽҼһ£Ҳ֪ģҼҵز٣ҼǸҪ԰æĻҲɵÿЩ
ۼ˿Ž˵µ˵ʲôϽӴӣȻõ֣ҪۼãӾͻǡ
ȻŮģԼһûأЩ˾ϸŽˣЩˣû̴Ӧ
ü״ｭ˵СǼҵĹӻû֣㵹ãȼԼˡ
˲⣬Ʋ˵ӼҾĶأûȫֹӣжҪġ
ǺģûôһҵĵأЦˣָһҵĵأ㣬ۿأСҶٹӡ
ѣҲϸȥһҵأ˵ȵĵأոͰǶѵöðĹӣôҶסˡ
ǵʳģٽ˵׼ȷôյĵȣһ۾ܿóǵĲ߶ˡ
⡭Ķֳģ㲻ŵۡ
ûĶ֣˼ҵﻹ˱ġѵ
ʱһҿҪƫȥע˶߲ĵȣϽתƻ⣬˲Ҫȥڸ߲ķգ˸ĴȻλ岮ȻԽǣʮһ졣
һˣǸҪһͲˡ
ôǮأһľӣҪԼŲȣզľҪǮأͷţҲûôİɡ
üȥţҿ˭ҵţһʮĵģļҵģҼ֮Ҳȥ⡣
һ¾ɶˣ˭ҵţҲûʮһô˵ģŽϹ¶ĸҺô˵ۼϰԵ㲻ˡ
ü״Ͻ˵С˵õģʮһޣȶˣҵĹӴ꣬һ͸ֵˣһͷǮ
һҲЩɶӣҽҲ˵ȣüҲҼ⡣
㼱ʲôҺȥһɣһˡ
˼״мģ׷Ҫ⣬ʮһ죬Щڲ԰ɻ˵ȷʵ󣬼Ӳģһܴ꣬ʡµʱ;ɶã


209 Ƚ
ֹǴȻһæµôãɲֹĳһ̨ȻйȷܽѿǺһЩĿտǴɷ롣׵øѿǣõĲаʡȷĿտȥ󣬻þ׻õ׺ͼеĿҲ׸ᣬùȷܷ롣
״˼ҲҪֻүЩŰ**ףƽ˼ֳĵƽҲ᲻óԵģྭ򵥼ӹɲףˡ
Ȼ׼ǮȲϾףʤڴ򵥣Ӳ׵ףһ׻ҲһΰĴľ׮ӣɾס
ν׻ʵûʲôļҲ˼ˣʲôϡ⡣
ֻд󲿷˼ûףΪò㣬ķ׵ʱ䣬ǶѾŲ׵Ǯˡ
ңպ˰յľǲףǸľɾףز˵Ҳ޷ֿ۸ķ
һ׻ڱβˮۣɽˮ˳ư߸ˮˮ࣬ѹϣһ˵׶ͷˮˮ׶ͷѸ£ѹɾס
ˮ׻һɽˮعʱ˳ģȻʡЧʲߣףˮƣԴҲͿ֣ûϸá
һʡʡʡʱȥ¡
ʾũߺ󣬴ǿȥֻв˴Ȼ͹ȷһŻݡײ͡˴ȻˣȷԴۡҲ˵̨趼ʮһ죬һʮġ
󶼼ΪĶЩ˴󲿷ֶڲ԰лɣнԱȫԺȿֵصũвͬõóһǮ
һĵؿŲ࣬ߣҲȱ磬ǰջ񣬵ȵҪûʱҲҪȡ
⼸죬ʱʱдһ߿֣ʵûʲôȷǲ˿ʡʡ
ͷ˶˵ˣβһʮ˼Ҹˣֻ޼ҺԼû
ǲ뿴ΪһĵʹóСڴķת
ǰ˶˵СǸɵӣĺӶԴһ̨ģũߺ󣬴ҷ׷ײ²⣬Īڳ̼ҿĵͷһ£ĸˣСˣ
ûħģҰҲ˭˭˭ĴţǺúһ˱óɵģǴӺõû˵˭ɵӱ󷴵ģУǾͲǹ顣
ߴ˶һĹۣŴ˿һĴȻãҲţһҸ㡣
һһҪԭͻȻᵽһź޼Ҳ䷹ʱ
ȫʱֻӣ˲Ը˵Ѳˡ
Ӻܳһβӣѳԣνײ趼ֲ塣
޼ƣԸӳէͬΪȫˣ͸͵õķȥһȥ˾ʶˡ
븸Ҳ֪ͼˣ޼չǣǴԻһЩҰζҲ͵޼ңÿ»ǮƵǮ
ЩǴ󲿷ִ˲֪ģһԽģͼһԺЩҵף޸뱣ܶ
ԭС˵׼ᱻż޵ԼȥϧǣһβǮʲô¡
ʹԽ߱йͬһ˳ͷ磬û񣬵ͷ⣬Լжң۹ۣŬлر
ջѧĹҲгƷЧôͷǸˣƺҲû뺦˼
ֻһЩãǣû˸֪ʲô
һһãĻһˣԷʱ޼һũߺܵôϲ޼˷ϲͣп˵һһǴѲк󸣣Ĵˡ
Իûأ޼еصģǺһ죬Щһũæʱãǰ滹ż˼أ޼˱ţôˬ˻飬ҲȫһĸŮ̼ңİｭ֯ɽŮ˵龪һæôãһͽӦҲĶ飬ܲһҽũߣ޼Լͣ鷳æڡ
ƽõøһƵģҲ޼չˣԼɽûչ˺ӣ޼ҾͰæÿҲرһЩҰζǮƸл޼Ӷ˵ҲһǿڣˬӦˡ
˭ˣҧӴ룬ΪʲôԴģƺһȥͳС˵
ڶȥʱҲȥԻҪũǲãܰϹǼҵ
޼㿴ҿ㣬Ρﲻ֪Ů⣬ǾǲϿͬˣͦõģΪھӣʼǸ򣬵ӡ
޼ҸչӣǮģ뻹øлǡһ޸룬չӾͳѵģ쾭ģչ˵̫ã˵簮չ˵ò˵Űӣ񶾺
ǸŮ˼ң˭Ů޸ʮһ򣬸˵
Ƥ룬ȴʼհڹҵ࣬飬ֳֻԼ뵱׸ӡ޼ҲʹװͿģطֱ࿴˼ҡ
ʱԺ˽֮ⲻھƣĿһϣũߡ
Ŀ͸¶һ˿ޣͬסڴβм˺ЩأżŵԶԶһһ棬һɻӰҲһСС
ΪŮĳСڲܶôӵĻ³ʱĳСǴԽڲٿأѾȫ廨ǽԴػˣÿ˿пũûеʣ˿ɼǶһġһŮӲͬġ
һŮӻۡСֻŮʳȺͬһŮӡ
һÿÿԽŮʱ̲ס룬ΪʲôҪͬһŮӣΪԼΪŮӵһŮһ
һ˽ʶһŮӣķ硢СС㡢ءΣǲһŮӣǴŢ𣿼˸вͬҲеĹͬӸɷϣЩһļǷǳˣΪʲôԽ߷Ҫôڲͬ
ʱһû紩Խһ㳤һò׿ԽŮӣΪŮɲڸٵֻΪһ䡢ıһ˲ͬӢϵ
һȻͬʣʵͬʱֿεһȴһ˿ԼҲ˵Ľ
ʱסԼʱ˵뷨˵Դ磬ҴδֱɵŮӣôڳȸɻֽȫ˿ȥǲ֪ߡ
ôŮӲøɻ˵𣿡üЩ˵һ
ǣǴˣµظɻм磬ض࣬绹ڳıģ׬٣һ㲻Ҳ谮ɻøɻĹȫǼټġ
ʶһԱȣԱһͿϸɣʱֳ˸ߵ͡
Ϊ벻˵ıûڣ˲֪оͰһʼԱȣ໥ʱȡĻһȴѹûзָһ
ǰһ˵ũߵʱ̼˿һˣŵسũȥ
뿴̼Ǳ֪߲ƣҲȥ


210 ۸
һĸŮ뿪̼Һӷúûг̼ۺ죬Ҳؼңʧܸա
һ׳˶Ľϼһһټôũ̼ζȥˣѹҲӲӲ
β̼ͬǴ˰ġ
˳̼ҿǳˣ˵رȨƣǳһСϣŵġ
֮ʱӾӶʶֳ֣˵ѧϰ츳صÑѸﱾҵӵһԺȡ
γǰݸμԺԣг񣬽ΪͬһļӵܣԩףŰĳɼʧ
̼˵֪һϢȻǲһǾͳ֮ңֵգպ󲻾þ͵ý˰ûгӵݣǳ̼ҽҪɵ˰ɲٰ
̸̼ʽ壬ＸǳˣˣҲ壬˵һĸ塣̼峤æϴԩٸ˵顣
峤ǵȲѧʵһ֮ң˳һλߵһλ˳ȥ
Ӧúͳ̶ͬԵϵǳǳһпȡߵһλ˽ʿ˾ˣݸ֪
˵ֱӲݸİݣӵ˵飬϶ܰ˾ȳϴԩ
ѵüʲϧ֮ģ꿼ȡû˵ͱӻæܰñӣֱӰ̳
ܺݸкöԷϸӵһһס
Ϊ֤ݲ㣬֤ǰìܵԭ򣬳׵֤ݲ׵ǻˣٸȴܻŵݡ
ΪϰѾȷˣЩ˶ѾףԼˣܳ͢ϦʧϣԹٸȥ˳׵ȴܹ黹õõ
ǣˣ˵ǳʲôĽ裬ݸǱһӡ
ɳÿŴһֻʥ飬õóʲôĽ
ͻȻһ˷֮ʣ뵽˳̼ѾּҵһǸȻȷȣĶ
һ˵Ҳճ̣ҲǳˣͳӻͬͬԴСһŮЩҲûаôǮҲʲôֲܲμӿƾ٣Ͱ˵ǳӷģٳбٸӵ֮͵ˣ
ȻٸҲǺúŪģ˵㷢ʲôũߣó֤ЩȻͼֽϽٸĹ
ⲻ̴̼ųһһҪͼֽˡ
һЩ˵⣬ʵڲô޳ܵز˶˺Ƥֵزˣ̼˻ҺƤҪͼֽȥ
̼ʱɣʱ󲿷˶ɻһֻǼũߵĴˣ߲̼ҵжǶˣһ峤ӺＸǿ׳ӵܶˡ
էһ̼˵ҲһʮˣһֻһˣԱ߽ũߵĴȻһߵģϴʱڲ԰æҳ̼Ǳ߻ǺӣǵɻģСôһơ
ڵĳ̼ˣһֻһ仰ҲҵͶɹƾʲôøˣҵãҲðֶĳɹ
̼㿴ҿ㣬̴ֹǰɣʹ˵һɵ椿ĵͷˣ˵һ׵ġ
̶ԥǱϾСģҲ֪ϱ͢Ҳ˵ȥ
̰һۣɵŮһʮˣôͻȻôЩöǱزԼġ϶ۼӣʱ򻹵Լ÷ּûıİ취Žģ
Ǳ͸ӵĶһ˵һ̸͵
ߵĳҲ˵˭ģܹȰﱣ˵Ԯ̼ˣҪһͼֽ
һؿǣܡ
峤Ӽ״ؿһŮһ㶼£кãүүֲҪЩǣֻҪͼֽϽ͢ҲľͼֽҲЩ⣬αغԼ˹ȥ
һ֣峤һҲˣһĳôͨ˵ĸˣƲԳԷƣѾͷ˻ֱӽѣѲͰǼ̨̧ȥš
峤ӷ̼˷ȭĥƳһԺȥ
ôˣһһ˴סģ˶ɵˣȰһﲻڣǹ¶ĸҲ񲻹ô˰ȷðٴ
ܲ͢ĵطǿȭͷ£ǿҲ˶ȭͷӲеطпȳ͢
˶ȥ̼Զ٣͵ܻشͷȥ˵ҲȰסˣ˵飬һڱ̫ҡ
ڳһȥﲻǹⵣٲȻһҪѼҶ˵ӡ
ǰһˣվҪһԺɹҩݣͱһСʯӻ⴦һ飬ⵣòȵˡ
ͬʱ䣬ǰļҲֱ˼ʯңֱ𱻴ϲͬѨλ۾ʹֻС
˵ûν򣬵һλԽ̸߽һЩѨλȴǹõģһľȷ׼£һһ֨
˲Ϣ֮䣬߸ˣòȫʹûзʹĺУȴֹסץӻ򷢳̵ʹ
һһֻһѵⵯܴϵĸѨλǸ˿ɵˡ
峤߳ŭ𣺡ˣһȥ򲻴ù
ôһϣѲһһδʮʮ
˵ܡ
ǰȵ߸ʮˣֱһӣҪǱһжʽͶײϣֱײðǡ
һ˵ıޣɽ￳ģźϸҲһָϸϸһֻпӴϸϣ͵ȴһһۣȺϴ·صͯ걻˫ʱ
峤Ҳû⣬ϺͲӱϰ˺ü£һüۣʮǱ
һ鵽˿µĺۼԲ˵ʹ֪զ¡
Ȼ֪֦һͿ˵΢ԵĲҩմ˵Ƥͻ̣Ⱥ˺һˡ
֦Ϊ̼׼ģǰʱ̼ûɧšһĸŮһҲõɱ׳һᱻţͿĨ˶ҩãʹ
ڳٶ࣬Ҳһ飬ЩƤһתŶ
˭뵽ʮ˴򲻹һСŮޣԺ
żæŸϻĽ˵һ̼۸ţ˻һ˭۸˭
԰ĲũҲĸŮôʵһĻһȺЦӡ
ЦС㣬̼̫ЦˣĪɽĺɽַˣ
С㣿һ𾢣Ťͷ
ʱӴӣһЦþòá


211 
һǵϴμ£Ѿ£мʱһܻʱʱ
ķ磬ôķӦùû۰ĸ͸ףԼǮеλ߻Ѿź򣬶λײصĸ⽨ƺͷ¶ΪĬˡ
ɼ磬ظɡΪˣһãҪҲûпȥӽԷ
˺֮Ĺϵô˴˶ûпӽΪǧ˿Ƶǣһ
ﲢżȻѲ԰Ϻκ´ƹ
԰ĵغͲҵ£δ丸ʢ彨԰Լ壬ͺѰζˡ
෴С˵и޴ƣǾԼĲƲⲿֲƲԴʢԴĸȥĸ
ĸָʢĸףţֻϲĸĸƺԷ
ĸһҲݸˣԵѹʶλ̫̫֪
ǼݸһỤֻ̊һŮѡ׸һŮһУŮĸ
ĸ尲ССϣ̫̫ʼʩԼŮҲ׸尲һγʱ˽ӣ·ĸ֮ʢ£һ飬ʢôҲּҵĵӣ׸̫̫û취ŮԸȫ˸尲ʢ
˭룬ӹǲõĸ尲Ϊֻһյ
̫ߣʢѺӽҪ⺢úĸȫһ
֮ǰʢͶȥŸ̫ϣ̫ܡ黹ŮÿֻйܼŮ֪˭ĸס
̫Ӳ˼ֱ꣬꣬Ųͻ
صּңûּܵļɵּҼļױڷԼӵԴͲƲҲ޵̫ãԼŮȥ
ɵʢɵ檣ʱʢ͸尲ĹϵܲҲʢ檡
ʱ𣬸尲ͳһӡ
尲Ϊʢ檶ѹʢԼɫɵȸ尲һʢֻԼ
ӾãѺ˱ȣ尲ûʢôƫƫ尲ˣһƵŮ鷳
ּҼ£Ӻºݺûÿ첻ԼԺﵯǺȲ迴˱
˱ּҵ˱Ҳʢϲҵ˱Ǹ̫ݸðһЩСҵΪּе
ּҵĲҶѡ˴ӱҸ߼۹룬˵ݸڸּԼ԰ֲ裬Ҳʱ䣬껹øҽ
ڽҶǺܺãּѾѳɱѹˣҶɲô
ʢæýͷöԺؽ԰ûٹʣ˵ֱּҵǮһ˻ز˱ǮأҲڲĲ̵£չԼĲҶֲ
ʢһеͬˡ
˾ּҲ˵ķԣӺּҵĶǾãڻּˣǾ͵ùּҹܣʲô˽еĲƲӦùּУƾʲô˽
ǲּ*֣ΪԵӺûá
ʢò٣Ůĸжľǫʢصȥ飬;ֱӸּҸĻͥ
೯ȻҲụ̃ûǰ漸ôأ䲻ܲμӿƾ٣֮ǲּ⣬Ҳ;ģ̸ԼĶٵҲ١ȻĹһ㶼ûдʵȨǹҲ˵೯˵ĵλǰߡ
⣬ʢӣһǶµʮˣ󼸸¡Ϊ΢ּҵĴڸвߡ
ԭĸѾߣʢˣֱĸ绳УּҳӣŸҵ֡
ǳӣȴǵճּҵĵλߡɼٲߣǫȥעҪ;ּҵҲֻܽϣʢһʮСܶ¡
֮ǰʢⳣȥһӹеŮȴڷʢʱҪæȥðҶҵԵΪδּҼ̳˵Щޱ
ӻأɶʱֵõŮȥʢˣ
΢һĿǰּڲĹϵˣͲµж˿˳ˡ
ΣʲôѲɻҪЩ˵ɫɣ
Сĸϴʶ˲֪ɽһʦӴŮ̸ݣһǰԵޱǲǺ
мںԺЩǶصּҺЩʲôᡢϯôϯʢȥμӵһЩ̻ᣬʱͬС
˵ִʢܾ˴ºȴе鷿ȥЩ̻ݣļ⡣
ÿÿʱȻҲ鷿ʢ̻壬кöݣȻ
Сµʱ˵ΣУĸȻΪ
Ƕθʢ߷Ůͷ¶ɺͳԺ󲻺࿴˼Ϊɣʢһʱ䡣
ս˸ȥԵĽڳţȫĲ԰
ΪԼĲ԰ܿ൱Ĳȴʮʧ
ֲ裬ûɹũ۾ϹĸҲв԰ȥⲻҪһüͷֱ塣
ȫ帽ûв԰Ҳһʼˮ⣬ⳤʵЩ
ǵһͽϵĵطǳôĲ԰͸ˣѲǸĹǮ̫ߣ͵
ѲӲ԰ʱЩˣԺһ˫͸ӣʶؾãѾͷ͵ˣ֮ʲôᡣ
ǣȥҽԭ򣬽һЦˡ
˼ҽ˵ҵķϺãκºּϲũԼԱѹһͷģǽϸʮĶĲ糤ԶϲũǸĲ硣
ˣϻû״˵ŵĸŮһһ¶ӣκȴ˵ĸŮһһ¶ӡ
κ´ʱδѽϵĸ״£һԼּׯϵĹ£ּҵͣէּҵС㣬үôϸǸҰũдּĿƫ̻һũ
ⲻ֪ϴЦȴһ˿ŭ⣬Ц֮£Ǳ˺Ūŭ
κ£ּҼˣɤᶯ
κӦС㣬ʮׯϸɻжʮͷ
˵⻰ʱκ¸еˡ
ЦŵͷκȷʵΪּҸ˴껪κ껹Ϊ԰ʵףҿţκѸߣҸһǮϼҰɺã
κһɴۣӶڷС˵ʲô
˵ʱǵƽʮҲûݵʱɣ
⻰΢ĵ˶֪Ҫκ¿ˣκȻҲ֪𾪹Ƿŭҧ˵Сּ֪¶꣬ƾʲôң
Ц·ʲôЦЦúǿΪβܴ㣬ҵĲ԰κ£ּҵ԰ʱûⲻּҲҵ𣿡
κɫһ䣬û˸ΪҶĬΪŮӣĻԼĲҵ϶ǸּҰµѽ
κ»ȴûУһµĴҾ͸ϽסС㣬ڳĲũŭĿԲ⿴ʲôûκ»ϼҰ
ũ㿴ҿ㣬ûһϲüңкԼеĲũκ¸̧԰
һκ£֮Ĳ԰¾ֻнһˣϲʶ֣ҲУ˾Ͳ̫ˣԺи˷԰¡
Щµʱ򣬿̼ΪһĴܵ״ȥŮ
ϳһܣһ֣ű˺Ūûһµüëʱ̲סƲüæȥ
ҵС￲ˤˣæҲϡ
ߵúܿ죬ֱһһսȺۡø֦һĪʱüͷչͬʱ̲ס
յļڲ䣬ũǴ໹Ŷ̴£Ŷ𷽱ɻ
һǿţͬĺһ䣬¶޳ε֫ߣ˦ͬһβ㿡εⷬŴ磬ûԵû˷ˬ
һִֻڴֱϽվȣһֻ˿ʶذؿڡ
ƯãһͦΣյ룬ƯƯô


212 ䷽
һûгԿϺ˿Ҳ֪Լڵʲô
߻ŲũҲ˵ϳа˲԰Ļʳǲ԰Ĺ£˲԰˾ҲѽũȻǳһųˡ
̼˱ûһֵãʱô˳ˡ
ǳӵǰ;ڴһ٣̼˵ʲôҲߣһó̶ȥͽϡһ˵飬һųһһʩѹ
̼޳ҵǰҲ̲סʹ̼ҡ
ʱۿҪæȰܣ޷ǾǺϡ࣬ų̼ȰһũߵĹ͡ӣ֣մ״ʣɻڴҲմ⡣
ңȫ˸ţȫҲܸմ⣬С˵࿴ϱ
˵ó̼ǩ֤飬ֻһĹͣũ̼߳Ҳ˽Ĳ׬Ǯǹһ
̼Ҳ취ֻԼԺõͼֽˣҪˣһǵĻɡôһ˵ȫ嶼˼֤ˣǻ治÷ڡ
ҲУֻҪó»ָ֮׬ǮǼӵ˹үе˸ŸǮ
ˣһǲϽͼֽ̼ٱ͸浽ٸȥʱ˵ǳָʹЩũߣһ̼˵ΪӺã뺦
һ״ĵү̣Ⱦ͵ðٰӣ״ֳӣٰӾͿˡ
̼ҧгݣֱմ˶ıӳһðͲӶӺˡ
û취ռƣԼҲһвҪȥ٣ֻ̼гˡ
ȳ̼뿪ϲų׷ɣЦղŰæųӵĴЪÿ˶һⶾ衣
ʱһŵÿллС㡣
ĲũҲôһʮʮũбĹ͡
ҡͷлңڲ԰һӦһﶼǿæġ㣬һ˶ôˣͲ³Կ
һҲҡͷ£ǶֽϻŵĲ´ЬģҴ˾
ɫ΢䣬ȥЦݣСС˵ʲôģޡ
һɻ󣺡¿ˮ
һ࣬һƹɵѾͷ˵˲õĻǱˣ˭׼ͺ²黵ˣȻҪ޼ѷŵĻƷˡ
һ֪粻ɻȻĶںνĺ²黵飬Ȼ˵ˣһģޡ
״ЦСվǰȫûзһʮƣһģԵʮֹɡ
˵Ҳ֣ʶһҰѾͷƫƫټʱȴøУ٣һġѪסҪദö࣬Ҳöࡣ
𷽲ų̼˵ӱݺףˣȴʧȥοԵΣʵǿϧ
ϧǣݺӵ˭
Ϊò̼˳ʱ˶˵ݺӵĹӸƺǽԴصˡ
һԳӲȤݺҲȤ޷ش⡣
ڣĺޡӹһӽ裬һȥֻÿڳˬ
˵裬ʵĲζȽϵϾҶˣĲҶسһЩ
ò˵е㾭ӪͷԵģҶˣһһЩҩƳɲˮܲũϲһǮһ룬Ҽÿ춼һ롣
һں󣬶ʱǰһЦеؿһ˵˵Ĳҩ˸㣬ǵ㵱ҵʱƺҲɽɵĲҩƺԲҩо
һҡͷûоǳ˲֪ҩЧ
ҡͷũٲΰ󣬵ҲʮΣգһ˶أ
˼Ϊ˲ɲҩǮҲȰ裬ֻһǮķӡ
ҳǼҰƵ裬سвٰҲԴ޲ڣҾֱ˵ˣ䷽
ּҲҶ½ҶѻȥأʢòУܰǼҵĲҶһʧ
һҪһط̼ҪũߵͼֽҪ䷽ͬǣ̼ãȴǿͿغһ̸
˷ǳԸһһ䷽һһҼ׬СǮһҲܽ䷽й¶ˡ
һһʱ򣬶䶼̲סһ£ԥͬˡ
ȵˬ죬Ͳѹۣ
һҡͷ£еطң㲻ѹԼľˡ
Ц⻹治˵ƲģǾ޴ǰ治ȷԼ᲻¡
ע⵽һ˵еطʵĺġзų̼ʲôũߣʲô㹻óӻָΣ
û뿴һҵũߣһ˼̨ûȥܸ
ۼ⼸̨ľͷŷԼСһλũĲǣľͷʮ־˵ֹ˸߾ʵףľҪ
ЩľһֶʮֲִڣͷһƳ͵鵽һ֡
ʮָ޳ǽڷչʾũÿʱͶֵļȴоЩ̡
Ŀũˣתƻ⣬һ䷽˵ջ飬һǲʶ֣ʶֵ˿󣬰ӡɡ
һҡͷأ֡
̲סüٴζһˢ֪֣
ȥӣ͵ѧһ㡣˽̼ңһʼࡣ
һһɵģûѣңﻹһֱһѹҲû١
Ȼͷˣ㲻öˣֻ鼴ɣ˳Ҳ鷳һ䷽д
һӣһڿ£پĶء
ȰѿǶߣһ˽ϢҲ䷽Ҫй¶ȥȻΥԼպ˼ּҿ԰״浽ٸȥ
Ѿɵˣʲôһ裬˵ҩͲҶӣһӣ
һӶûһӣѳ̼ͿҲûôǮģһӣһӳԺȲ
Ͽһ̾Сѽ䷽ǶѧģҲ֪ңʱôǮ˭ҿ޸ңҾ͸ȥˣǮŰɡ
һͷҲҸɰǮأ˵ˣҲʡұĽˡ
ճҲ٣ˣ漸µĿǽҸҽĹưӣ˽϶ӵĹǮӲù
ܲһֱýϵĹǮһóʮӣá
ЦˣѾͷʲôңŶʲôãǮȥҪɵ£Ϊﲻ֪ǰЩҴ˴ļҪأҿ˵ˣҪֵأǮĵطأĹǮɲ٣Դˡ
ȷʵ˭Ҹɻһ¶ӣÿжӽˣҲܹϲӣοڴʱ࣬˼Ǯ


213 
ϲǮһǼҪ񲻹ǮˣչĸŮýһˣʱ򳶲ѣЩճƷٲǮ
һ䷽ǮԼ˽صһȥͷţǣһͷţ۸񲻷ƣҿʮţȽϸţӿۺܸߣһǴһǣţϸģ˵Ѱţˡ
һͷţ۸ʣҲûҲʹЩѾ꣬һţҲʮ꣬ϸǮǣߡ
ʮһϳеǮ˵̫ˣǵţǣؼңѳֻʮһͷţΪʲôǮôˣһ˵ˣϸǮռ˼ұˣͷţѾʮ꣬ɲ˼ƾͲˡ
ϲȴۻȥʮӣ߶һþãȴţʱֵ⼫ˣ˾˵ԼţˣԺزˡ
һ˹ţмµʮһһ˽Ǯ󻨳ȥһ룬ʣµֻպٸһּ٣ʣµʮҲܹˡ
ղһܸöģҲ˵лҪӣǴӣɹмʱһҲûţľ
ͷţҲΪţ֮׼ţʱ;ɹˣػֻ֮һ
⣬˵Ľͨ߶ţ¿̫Ǹ˼ҲõϵġţһĿ꣬Ȼţߵû죬ɽˮʱҲȿ졣
һţ峵һţ峵ྫɵתȵȣڸ㲻ܴ½Ҳȴһţãٲžͱ߳ȥ
һҵĴȻ͹ȷܵ˵ϲɻǰʡˣЧҲߣֹũϲũ͵Ҳϲ
Щ̹ǰ㹤Ǯģһҵũߣ̸ɻ͵ʡǮ˭ϲ
ֻϧһҵũ߾ǫ̂ҪҲõһꡣ
һϾʱţ峵ʱ˼̨ũ߳
Ĵү󣬸Ͻȥһɲ⣬Լ軧֣̫һȨԶȻǮһʹȨˡ
ֱһũȷʵ᲻ǮһҲʮģҲ⼸ã㡣
ȻǴүһҲͲˣֱӿһ̨
үû뵽Сӵ󣬲ǼľͷƴװĥɵĶҲ˸߼Ǯ
ľһУǹ⿴Ͼģ˴һ׼ҾҲòǮ⴫գһĻ쾫һûã˼õĻɼжྫɣǿƲҲװȥ˵ˡ
û취үֻʹǮ̨
һһŵүĸûôʹ
ľƻĥܱȸЩһڣǻ⣬޳һάޣ޲þ͸ѻ¡
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ȫռ˿Ҳ࣬Ĵүгϵĳүͳ̼ͬһ壬ƽҲû߶
ү˵ԼֶŮũߺãҲüȥһ򣬻Ϊճ̵ģһ϶˵㣬û뵽һ˵ճ̵ۡ
үĵ軧˵Цһֱ϶á
ҶһģƽûΪءˮԴĦһֱǱžˮˮ̬жٲţ˵үԿү˵òС
һҵصʱүܴ󷽵ذԼλòõĵرһ
˵һĸṴ̶ֿ̊ʼأ׷ײ²ĸŮˣּ֪СǶ޶ëһĶʼŽύȻҸֽڽǮ˳һЩС
һۼ⣬ŵͳͳĸŮ˳ȥ˽ĸŮ̱˽
Լϰ˱׳ĸţģҲĸϻģЩôǰҪǲ֪̼ô۸ˡ
ΪԲãŮǻΪŹŮǸѵģȻͼŮ
ÿʱͬŮĴɼϱԬϿˣĲ̣ҲŮͬܣȥ͵͵߽ϣϹ˲øʹ࣬ȥͳ̰ӶŮ
Ҫô˵СӲأأ֪˶
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ϸŮԼ˵ĸϻҪҪǴŮ̱ǲŮԺ󲻺࿴˼ң
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ڽһԺҪ˵ģ˭ŮɲŹԷ
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һϵʱ򣬳Ѿ൱ˡ
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ԭҥԵľһڴתһһۼ⣬߼˳Ĵ񣬾͸æͼӴסʵ˳ȥ
ֶʵڵӣһʣʳ˭ں죬̾ҵˡ
ΪҶһģôͣҲΪС˺û뵽Ͷֱ֣ظһƣһһ߻Ҫ
޼ֻһʼûӦȽϴһƺǰ
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һʱҲʲôȻھӸȰܣǿ˫
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ϲģһ˰죬֪Ϊҥôһ
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һֱɵˡ
ڳĴǵɴۣߴߴԹ˵ġ
޼ҳ£æһ仰̴ԭء
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ȴ룬˵һ޼ң￲ߣæһ˲۹⡢סһ仰
һǸƽúֻ˵εģ֪ģһ˿ͬԸǴ˼
79ϵͳȴڴʱһʾ
ϲǺøж10㣬10֡


214 ˫
챻һڲ֪79ϵͳȻжˣһΪ79ϵͳѾء
Ϊ⼸ϵͳûٴߴһ񣬵Ƕһˣһ۲ĲԽǼѹ֪ϵͳǱɶ
û뵽ʱ£ϵͳȻ˵Ƕһĺøж10㣬ʮ֡
һȷԼʲôҲûɣȫûϵͳ£⻹ǺøжأҲ
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ͱ79ϵͳ֮ǰһ򵥴ֱʲô޸Ӵùϵһмһˡ
79ϵͳҲһЩѶԸˡòһֶʮֺ壬Ȼˡ
ʲô޸ͥһȽϾȫһֵ񣬱Ǻøжȴﵽ203040ȵȡ
ôһǸһѡ㣬öޣȲίԼҲܰˡ
һûжᣬ׬Ļ־͸ϽóȥΪǲѭϵͳŵġ
ĪʮøжȣʵڲģÿѻˣȻϵͳջء
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ñ˶սǮΪҰʳȥøҵ֧˹á
ǮԽԽߣũǳԲеĴӾͻʳǶȥҵĵǣһ𽻵ȥױǮ
Ȼһ϶ø͵ǶôôԼۻȥٱһҪһЩ
ŮпߣһûжΪŮ÷۵ͬʱܵ˰ռ⣬ϽʳһЩ
ɴȴһϽʳΪһĶֳ˱ǼʮĶʮĶػҪʳƾʲôֻôһ˰


215 ٸ
ԱȲ֪һԱһۺһĸŮԽԽã˵ճɺãӦöཻ˰
һ˼ҵĵأһĶֵӣջһʯ㲻ˣҲһٽϵȵҲٽһأ
˼һյ̣˵һĶҲ߰ٽһĶصճɵ˼⻹ࣿ
Դص˰ղͣһĶգҲǲʮŮ˼ֻýһһ롣
ʯճɣֻһʮ֮һ
ΪƽԹҲһ˵ˣҪһĸŮҪôͰһĶҪôԼȥ
һ⣬ΪԽԭȵĳСͽҪһĶؽǲö
͢ô涨ȻΪŮͨ˼ӸΪѣⱾǷһߣƾʲôΪĸŮͶճɺһЩͶǸϿأ
֪նǼñ˹úõģ˻ȥתһ룬ĸŮҪڴˡ
һϣֻǴգʵҲǻúôģˣҪһβֱӽȥҶǱӣƫ˵⡣
Ǳ߶׼ĶضյôˣһˣɵˣвϣɵˣΪǴô˵ϻܰѽǮʡˣԼȥǿɾͲֹһĶˣŵĶðġ
ҲģݼŮЦҧ㲻õģСģҶġ
ۣҺİǽʳǻ̰ǵģ˭ҲôģǼ¶࣬Ȼû˵ļҾϲ̨棬Ů˰ƽϣСǾȥɣҿʱŶȥʶֱ˿˵ʱĶȥ
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ҲǳʶˣһزǳЦײŮ˵ĸŮͷʶ̣ȥﲻ֪ôء
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סڣû˵꣬ĿɨةةĻں˵
ߺةܵˮߣװʲôװǿѹͷأŰɣôʰëСӡ


216 
ĻһδϣԽȴͣһ߿˵ֱߵ䡣
һȴΪ⣬ŻôˣԴԽߵĻص
룬ȻһʼŮƫ֮ĽӴ𽥱ŮǿŮԣ̿ƵذΪɨһѣΪֱηǿȨڷΪԿطͬʱҡ
һЩݣؾòʵЩݴʾȻһ⽨عϣݷһ޴ĻԻ롣
һųԼҵʳиϡ
ԴسгС̶࣬ࡣΪһͽԼмۺĸŮмϣΪҪѽĲƥװţýһֱš
ĸŮеĽֿڴˣȴʱûС
һһţĶǽУҪǮġ
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жרŵѲߣά򣬲Ϊϡڹ涨Υ̯ͻ⵽ϡ
Ȼʱе̯λûˣĸŮҲٽȥ̯λ
һû뵽Ϻܴű¨һСףȥ˶˺ụ̈װҪףּۻۣ˸̵׼ۣѡ˼Ҳ̣֮͵һ
ϿõңĸŮԼĪһǧﾫʱû̯λˣֻһǧ̡
һУʳסС󡢶ӡۡ桢͵ȡ
ڶԣ¡̣ȻרʳģҲͬʱһЩʳӹƷ罴⡢´׵ȣйٸΡ
ֵһ˵ǣԣ¡ּҵĲҵԴض꣬һһһǧײ⡣
ҽϷֱȥңǺԣ¡ĻһʼףҰ帾׶ЩףЩȻҲգѹܵ͵ļۡ
û뵽óһ㾫׸ǿеƳ׿ϵȵľףԼľ׻ҪЩ
ҶʶǽԼҵףֻΪļҵĵ軧׵ġ
ֵǣǺԣ¡Ĵ꣬һ㶼й̶ĺ飬͸ĵҲ˽⣬ҪչʳǩԼʱȥվУ⽭ϱĸطĵ
ҷֱ˸ٽϣ֮ȥ˭û뵽ϾȻкһͷˡ
Ҷû뵽ϱȻûдôһǿѹˣ
ǱƵһĻһͽϾȥԣ¡鿴Ͼԣ¡ּҲҵմߣôҲˣе㱣ϡ
ţԣ¡ţȴƹĵѹۣϵչۺڻ˸ǮǮ
ԭԣ¡ľף嵽ʮһƷʲͬǮͬҲǼҵľףظ֤ҵıԣ¡õľ׻Ҫãԣ¡֮󣬱ܱʮһ
ԣ¡ƹ֮ǰͽ˵õҲһȻˣȴ˵Ҫһǧ¶ʱȥֻϸһ
뱲Ӷڵʳк˴򽻵ʱ֪˼թ
׻¶ʱȥⲻ˵ɵأֲǺʱɹѿǵĴ׷ŶöܷţЩ˼ҵʳһһ꣬ôģ
ԣ¡ƹҲ˵㣬ô˵ɣﶼۣѽȥʣ˭ҲǼҸߵļˡ
ȻĸŮȥǣҲѹ˼ǮЩ˲ûлྺͨյ˼Ϊ˹ͬ棬ѹ۹룬
ϱ˵ȥԣ¡ƹ񣬰Ͳѹۡ
һȴҡҡͷּ˲һ鷳ΪĿǰĹϵѶ㲻ϣȥǷ˼顣
һýţȥתתһʳȥҲҪⶫ״棬Ǿŵټ֮һ˵һֲùֵأֱʳǮ
ʵҲȷʵƹԣһߵļңļҸļǮһȻҵƹѾһеͬжͨ籨ˡ
һ˺üȦڷһҲ̡ͬ
ƺ¿̣װ궼¿ҵľƣȻ¿ģʳȫƲ࣬ʮ飬ƹǺŮƹ˴ʮңڹ̨˷ѽյͺԺȥ
ɫ磬һҲûʱ˶Ȧӣҹ·ش壬һСķȥˡ
һǰֱԣƹģ֪ղվס
Ůƹ̧ͷһĿһϣٿװü*ÿũŮ鲼ѴţԳ˼СãǸ˭ˣ
һ𣺡Լֵģµũѿľףڸкܲ׿٣Լʮʯ400һʯ
ڵĻƹգۣƹģԣ¡˵Ǹ
ƹƳ˻һۣЦſһСãҿҶǳģ㿪ۿеˡ
һ˵Ŀǰϵľ׶ҼҵľףΪҼҵľʹµũĥ٣ʹķϣֻƹĿһۣ֪ûѡİһʯ㣬ɷ
˵ţһó¨һС׸Է
ƹӹһѣȺɫڣţȷʵϵȵľס
ƹҡͷİһʯ̫ˣҪ֪һֶһʯļǮǸ߼ˣ㡣
һ˵ƹҪһİһʯһľһʯұֻ֤Ǽҡ
ƹЦˣ׷£֣ЦüɣͲ󣬵̸֪ƣаɣİһʯɵ˵ãԺҵף붼Ʒ࣬ǲҿɲҪңպǳ߼ۣҲ
ȻһӦȥԺ̸üǮǩ飬һȥҽϰţߡ
ƹ˸ֻۣȽһĿʣһÿЩ׺òĻٰһˡ
ϲģǱ˿ӣжթǼʶˡ
һţ飬Ҳһ㣬ǺҲ͸浽ȥ
ʱһͷ̵ƣֵ̣Ǻ
ĸŮʱһʳȥʱһĶƥ޻ȵȣյڣͱöΧǶЩɶ
һͽϵǮȻСֻͬԶп֧˽Ǯһֱ᲻ûǮҲˣһǵýЩƣһưԽԽϲֲǸƯ
һţͣ£ȽϺʹྡ
ţó¨һƥûӣ㿴ûˣûȥԼõġ
ȻҲڲ԰æǮûнϸߣҹǮֶˣûʣµģ˸ӣӸӽͣöûԼˡ
ѽֲͣŲȴ˵СĺʰһƥǮء
ϻԼĹǮҲǰһ̰ڸɻûһӶ䶵ùҪǮɫ
ĴҪѲͻ֣ɶʵģɶϵҼСЩʱûմ㲻ҲҿҼҴӣզˡ
õԱ߿ţʾøϽ£ϴźͰЦϣСҲǿྡˣһ˽ʳ˲Ǯɡ
漰ǮϾЦŴ಻࣬ļѹˡ
ϳñûǰ˵ţϴεɻͷɨ۾Ĩҿö̫̫ܽͷ
ϽеʵţǳСţ˻㲻Ȼͳ̼մ״ʣ̼ǳ̼ˣȴһӴ
Сûµʱ򣬽Ӫûˮŵʱҵĺӣ˳Ҳ˳С۳СԼүȴŲʡ
Ц춼ϲ£ˣѣǼ״תעţϻûиԼĺö
һ·صңЪ˿һ¶ǣǽһ졣
һĶһ룬ЩۣʽϣĹǮ˲٣ôˣ
ϰһۣ㻹С׵ģռСģۼǮ㲻˵ôû˰Ұţһúͻ־ͷ˵ġ
㲻Ҫ㿴ҵĵز࣬ʶ۴ճ̵ģƽﻹýʶˣǶٵأۣٿպ۵øϿϷӣȻ첻ù϶ҲҪæġ
һŽ˵ѧϰϵΪ˴֮
سǻؼҺһأ˰æɷݣû̫ԩǮظἸͺãдװæɷݣҰʳ˹ܹУ϶ԼӺɽʵҲĲϲŻӱ
ÿһ˽ܺܿõأȻ⻹治ýӡ
ΪضˣҪҲ࣬һЩС󣬼ȥ˳˳㿴̵ôʣǮ
˭֪һû߽̣սеĽֿڣͱסˡ


217 
һ̻ģ˽סһϲɫճ̣ҿǵȵˡ
ǣһô˵ʵѾϳˣǰԣ¡ƣӦԣ¡ˡ
ѽ̹㲻ǵԣ¡ĻƣǰûͬҼƹ̸šЦԴһ˿ֺãǰƹĻʱһͷӡ
Ŷԣ¡ġһü
ǻһϲˣûһ䣬Աִܳƣ̹ǵģҲģҼƹֿڵ㣬׼˺òء
ԣ¡üһǰɣһӣץ˵ļ򼷽ȥ̹ȥԣ¡ȲѽȥǼңǼҵĲ趼ǴõģǼҵĲõĲҶ
˭˭ڽֿڴѲߵʹѼ
ԭ⼸Ϊһҵ׶
ǰһҵû̸ɣתͷȫһ¿̣ǼȻҲѹˣĶˣҿȽȶ
ڶ죬̾ϼһҵľףʼ۶ʮһۺʮһ׬һģ󷭱
񻹸һҵȡԴؽףϵȾһš
Ϊ¿ģŻݣҲ̫е˺ʲô׸ֱӴԴأȡ˴󵨣ϵȾ׻ۣǮ˼Ҳľ˵ؼ˼ҳԡ
ԴأǱˣٺ»Ҳߣҵһ㣬լֻѾߣŷһһԱȸص˵˵൱ˡ
էص̻ȥ¥ӷ磬̻ǳǮⶼǽԴصĹˣÿΣӷϵҶ׼Ʊ䱦
û뵽ܾ˽ӷ磬̻ҳԽӷ硣
̻Щ͸ˣѲǺ磿
һ֮ͨ鲻ôǸǮƣ˭׼ǰǶپǶ٣¸θ
ȻЩ̻ôҲû뵽ȫԴصĸ̡ҳԽӷ磬ȻΪ˴ѹκôΪ޽ԴصˮӣΪǾǮ
ҪǴռˣǻЩ֤ǸصģǵǮԺҲ£ƫƫҪǮҪΪ޽ˮ⣬ҪҪǷˡ
ȷʵǳ磬Ӧ˹ƽ춼߲լŵڸȺͳڡ
ҲǰǵǮӦˮ⽨ɺ󣬻ϾǮĸǵ֣ǹڵǧĺ¡
˵üȣλϵĸһɫŹ֣˭Ҳ˵
ʢͷǣͷ˵ʢǮǧʳʯ
ص᳤̻ʢô˵ˣҲֻܼЦ
ﵽǮϲˡ
ʱĸǿϵĲʮּ򵥣˵ζɣҲ̫嵭˰ɣһûʮõó
Ȼܿ츻ǾˣһӲ˼򵥣ζ򵥵ĲȣһĴ׷Ũ׷ֲͬˮڸУȱ˿ڸУͬʱҲƫӲҪģʺ٣һ롣
ӵĸ̼˭Ǽˣ
ڴҶ˲ʲôⷹЩ嵭ĲˣȻζ
ƹ뷹Ŷǲٳ˰ɡ
ϰ壬㻹˵أռŷͰ˭㶼˵䡣

ʢǱˣ״˾䣺²ǴǼģ
ϰ岻ˣү⻰ͲˣҼǵԣ¡ƺ̫аձ鶨Ҳߡ
ʳж˲꣬ʱ˭Ҳ˭״ֽеĳǴļס
Сزɾ֣үǴһ¿ģ̣˵ǽԴرؽס
ôĿҽнף˽Դأ
һ£̵ҲڽԴϲȦӳˣвרȥ׻ؼҲһЩ¥ջƹע⵽̻ûȥ򣬸ʳ͡
̶̼죬˴˸̵Ǵ˭õĻʱԣ¡顢ǵ̲ҧԺڣֻΪƷľףû뵽Ȼζϸ
Ҷѹۣû뵽©ڸһ״ڽԴص
Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰƹ̻ᶼûҲûȥӷϴʸ񣬾ǸСˡ
иҲ׵ζ׷ȥ򣬽˼Ҷ˵óԣһʶûУȥѿǷǳλҲһľףΪȥʣףϸ飬ĸɷϡóԡ
ǣһٶȽǣյнֿڣͱ̵Ļסˡ
ֻԣ¡ǵĻƣҵĻƲʶһǿԣ¡ΧȥˣŸϽȥ
һݣȺ˵˾ҪȥȥҸƹˡ
һһ꣬ϳ̬ȼΪ飺̹ˣǼƹأ
ŻƾƿһԺķȥ
ƹˣ⼸ãˮ࣬ÿ춼ú˷ˡ
һˣƹ̸ЦݣӴˣҪβİɣ˷βˡ
һ⸱ģĻ֪Էǽ׬ˡ
˻˵ʮһ۲ˣŴѾǵʮһӦ⼸ǵġ
һһһβҲƹĺ
ƹһһļϣβʹˣ⻹ﶨ¸Ĵ⡣
һΪֻĶأûȫֵףͷĴǴҪ֤ԼԣҲҪ֤пյһʲôѩ֣֡ʳֵǮġ
Դʱֻܶģ⣬һ붨С⡣
һŵҵСӹۣ϶һ˼ҵƷʸãʱҲһᳩ
ۿԼӹɺܶʳϾԴʳ̵ֶʳҲܶۼӹͷӵʳ԰ռԼԣҲܹջݡ¥һЩСݣǲг˴׷һиʽʳ
ֻǣһûֳСأ͸ȳŵƷʱȱҺã᲻̫ˣ
ƹһһҧЦӦ˺һĺ뵽ԼϰĽһҵʵǺãѡһ
ƹ⣬ǽԴرˣ֪ûðյľߺƸ۵СڽԴ˶̻гͷġ
ǩ飬һ˾䣺ƹ񣬸ʳļҾ¥ɹʹߣ
ƹ¶ȻɫȥѰͻء
˼Ȼ˳ںһҲ޷
ңˮкõĻԴôܲŶء
ƹһ˳һ¥Ի¹
¹ԭǽԴһֺţе͵ⶼƽǮ׬ֻΪǰ꾭Ӫƣг⼸Ҵ¥𽥱żһȾӪȥ
֪ģǰ£¹Ȼ紺縴հװ껻ˣƷҲ١
˲²µĳӣרŴģΪкܶĲʽ
һ¹ִ֣ƹǶ˷ţƹ˵¹ƹ˷־С
һһߣƹ˱飬תȥԵһɽˮҿ澹Ȼһš
ƹƿŽȥӣѾˡ


218 
ССİҿǽʵɹ⼫ãһ㲻谵͸Ĵϣϵëݷ𶼴Ű׽ɫĹâ
ƹ곤࣬ȴһۺ󲻸Ҷ࿴س˱
±˱ӹ˱̧ͷƹЦǳˣɣͬ˵˵׺ͳСɡ
ƹ񿴼ЦˣŷɣҲЦʵû뵽㾹ȻʶСľ൱֣һȫԴ֪ۼҵĽˡ
˵ţƹ˾䣺ȻʶǹΪβأ˵ǹȹӣд£
˱ͷȷд£ӦԸҵĹϵ£ЯԱ˼ԣ¡ѹΪʱ򣬾ͱҵˡ
ƹͷ⵹Ҳǣ￴ȥͲʵΪ£˼ҵĺ統ҡ
̲סЦһ˫һЦ⣺㰡ɲֻǶ£׵룬ĸŮŮˡ
ƹһʲô侹͵Ůӣ
뵽ôҴϢҲһ˿ֱֹͣͣǾףǱŮֻ游գ͸ա
ƹҲ̲ס¶ͣתЩģͲһҽϹã
ϹҲҪɣһТ͹һһˡ
ֳ°ͣ˭˵أƺһͬһվڳ̼Ǳߡ
ʢ˵Դ̻ŵĺ磬ΪǮƣΪ˽ˮӳǮɣ͸
ƹһɣãα࣬ҲѽǸҰļǿˣϽԴ̻СǮѽ־ڵؾǣ⼸ȥ
ûͬҲûзʣ׷в
ƹԣܵİóһţӣ
ϵݣ˼
񣬾ϣڸ߹ٱߵľǲڣһʮˣסһСԺѾС˼ʮˡ
丸ھǵĹְҲȽϵͣһССɡ
˵ֻһСҲֻжʮͷȴ̽ɣý뺲ԺȴΪױ޷ھǣɢҲƣſסĽԴ֮λ
ڽ꣬ȫԴΣٵ·ȴɽɱԽõܵԼѾС˽ԺֻҴҹݸæ
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ƽ΢΢ü˿вŻбҰĸ㣬õϡ
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ЦһǲǺùʲôҪأҽԴصľƾС
Ŷһ£׷룬븸ʮǰĽԴأ˵Ǳսң޴ȥӵ˽Դ·Բɲ顣
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ͷĬʮǰģɰ
ޣ˱ԺҪ͵ּҶֱˣ¹˱Ҳһ͹ʢѾˣ½Щ
ƹͷ֣ӷԸûȥ֪ͨ˱͹
ȥһˣ˳㣬ҲһСκ̸ġ
Լϧţƹһ֪ģԲδ롣
ⲻ֪ȥ¹һˣֻ뿴һûб£Ҳһ˿˽ġ
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ֳĲĸŮԲ꣬кܴһֶũˡ
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һ׻Լɵ裬ú˿ƹҪ¹̸֪ûȤ
һżȴʱѾԸˣҪϸһʲô⡣
żһһ磬ڽһҲһ硣
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һͷֵɣǹ겻óˣҵһЩʽڡ
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ף£ƹ񶮶ΪʲôҪӦˣԭСز¶
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ʱһЩ񣬽ģһ˼ҵţ˽أ˵ҲҪһˣһţûװˣֻһһˡ
вͣʡʱʡȻһţ
ʱһţˣʱȴһ
ţܴˣһԼţôۡ
ųϵȴĳӣһıһĴ
ãӿһһϲһ֡
һˣûӦ
Ӽ״һɫЦ֪Ĺͣİɣ֪Ѿףһؼһ˾Ϊֹ֮Ĺ͡
Խһп̶öֱһ˰Ż磬ڷܿ̿࣬ȴּǸ竸ݺ̫ˣСǴСĶ磬ܵðһɣСʱԲϷ͵͵ͽϵġ
һԭļ䣬ȷд£óǳСһ
һûӵĵǸֻһֻ֣Ǯһˡ
ڵǲС۰þȻˡ
ţϵ˶ߴٵʱ򣬳ӻǮˣʣ̲࣬ݸѾľ˼˸ƴյ̲ʱٳǮʵۡ
öͭǮ֣һҲΪкţش塣
һ·ϳӶͼһ˵仰ţϵҲǴˣų˵һһŲ
һһɵ̾˿״ƿûлָ֮
һĿбӸţʵ򽫳˵ÿһ仰ڶ
ãûһĹͣҲйΪȻǻָ֮
¿ɲˣֳ˸ţ̼ڴҪߡ


219 й
ʵҲȷʵˣ̼ҵ͵˵Ǽӿˣ֮ңԺҪү
̼˵⵽ֵزأýϴ·ʱ򣬹⳶ɤϢ
һߴ·һ߲סطۡ
ǿûо٣ʲô˾٣ҲйλԲȥ
ӵùָ֮ٳ̼˲Ϊ˹ŽĸŮǲеҡ
֮ǰһ˿ڰѽĸŮߣû˷ֵĻĸŮúþͺڲѵĳ̼ˣ˿ȴС˵־ÿμ϶ô˵Һõ˽ĸŮȻ֡Ƥҩ֪ôǼء
ϴɾ·˦·ʱ
һʶ֪ʲôȹԼˡ
ʱһڴֵأһѵ⡣
ǾܹһĶأһţʣ¶ʮ䷽һ䷽һǮòˣһĶҲһЩֵĴεֱвͬİţеӣеֹߣеɣ޻Ҳϡ
ΪͬҪͬһĵغö඼һ飬֮
ͳڣ˼һôأ֪һ˿϶ֲӲëַˣպкûһһʱ̬ȴʮưúһǸɻһ
һ˶ߣһûУûһֵġ
һϱԹ꣬治ɫ׼ԺӰݣЩں߼ۣȹûˣ϶ڷԡ
ϰЩ߼۵ɨѴߣһûζ񻹲ɲЩСӡ
𣿡һ￲´
ĸŮ¿ȥһϲպ۵Ůˣ鲼ֻ¶һ˫۾̬΢ؿǡ
һ㶣Ůʶǳˣ׼ȷ˵ǳ˵ϱ
Ů࣬ǰ޸ĳȳӣ˳ûã˾ʱϳָָ˺ۡ
ȳӵĵȾˣĴ䱾ֱĳ죬ȶ˸޼ɵקఴȼŻ̨ջ
ǳֳѳȳסˡ
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Ժ˾ʹɷǣֿ˷򣬻˵Լûӡ
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ҲǾ󣬵رˣΪСֵ˼Ǯһ忴ϣҷضǾ͵ñˣϲ̯˷ӡ
ŷӣûнĸŮˣ໹ǲϸļޡ
ȻܴˣһŮļҲܼ޵úá
˵һгŮޣһ˵Ůģǿϣܲܳɣԡ
˵ʵһ࣬ݵƤͷһӻҪɻž͵ˡ
Խץ°ڵŮһСŮޣڲСú̼һĸŮͶֲһˣǲǵġ
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⡭಻ŵؿһ̣˶ôݣӵȶһ²һ֡
ׯˣûݼ٣һ굽ͷɵл͸ɣûͶš
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ĿһֱŮҲ޳ҲҪ뿪㣬ҾҪ
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һˣӦϿɡͬʣʱϣƿǧƵˣУԼǴСС·ȥһ
죬֪˵ʲô
˵Ů˲Щкһ뷹һЩкƴ
ȰһҲŮˣͶ·ʱ˿ϰһ֣Ǹöá
̾˿ܾ񣺡Уȥ˵飬ЩԸǳɻˣһһ
ǵڶ죬ϴӲ԰һ·Ӵɱβһһ鰤ҰǼгŮκãڻиá
һһӦԼȥһĸŮ˵ˣֻŮˡ
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һĸŮ˵һÿˮˣһ죬ڻãǮǮһ£ǿɾİģһɾǮԹԣǮ׬ɵӡ
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һëʣͷҲ̧˵һ
ǴɻһѺ֣˲ߣ׳һܸĶء
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һʣŮ𣿲Ǿһ
ݷ˸Цһû˵ļֻŮ˲˵ģֵصĳ¥jiŮѽ
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һ൱˵ɣҾ˵еġ
ʣµŮ㿴ҿ㣬һ̲סЦ˲ŽӶЦ


220 
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һ˾ڴ˲С飬ǰҶ˵ɵֱ˵ˡûļйֻŮģ϶ӽˮˡ
ЩһܾкҲʼǺҪһͷԼŮ˷ҪȥӦһҵĳҲȥȥҪ
͵£һǰеһЩŮڶͲˡһȼ֮ЩŮǩ飬ҪϸִͶͬȨϣʱɼŮ˵ȴһɿǵ
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ºˣûʼɻǮǮˡ
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˵أԬϵŭĿԲԬϣ߯ҪǼҺǳ̼ûƨĹϵʲôģͳͳ
Ԭεԭأɫһ˿󣺡СѽǰĸŮǲã֪ԹҺңҲûôЩʳҲѵùһһҿڵġ
Ԭ˵ţֿϣá
ҵãҺͳ̶ˣһǺ졣
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Ǻŭһ½⻰ǲ٣˶ô꣬ҲЩëƤĶˣԬҲĸŮһѡ
һǱ飬֪ԬϵĻʮ棬㿪ʣֳ㻹ҼңͲҸɨسţ
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̴ǳ̼ĺӣȥͼ޳ȥˣ˵޵˼Ҳʱż˻ؼ̽ףǻġ
ԬԴǿУðĿ⿴Žϣһһ⡣
ԬЩɻĸŮôоιϵˣ˹ӣҲӦõⰡôϻÿŮɫ
һԬϲûкĶԹҲһڳ̼ҵʱƽЩεĶʵԴҲɳ̰Ĭָ˼ǡ
һݹ˾ԬȥֵأЩҲ潭ϺͳСرǰľ֮
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һʱûУȴϡٰҰҲֻõ
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ȻɽѾ͵İһͲԼֲˣϾҪҪ̵ʱ䡣
Ϊ˷ֹ˵ϣһѺɽָ
һһ֪˽УȴȻԴ˽СɽǲģҷľҲнƣͨղǿԵģһЩ˴Υġ
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Ҳ£һºɽһЩԴʹܷɱǲܵģΪʱķɲף㲻Ϸˣˡ
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һܹ˶ʮŮʮ嵽ʮȡ֮˴ҪΪеʵѹͬһҲвֹͬ
ΪԼֻһֵصģϾһôأⲻ֪Ϲһ죬һͶǽ˱ѵй¶ݣǺһڵĸֹطô⳥ɾͲǹǮļˣһܵľʧ㡣
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һǴˣĶڵѪ
ҵĳǱڲ԰µӻ̹Ůô󷽸Ǯǵļҵ׻Ŷ
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һʰǣ˳·һЩţϳҪ¹Բ׼ʳģ⼸
ٳȴˣһ룬һǳӡ
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һˣӵʱ˵Ȩ֪ʶȴһֿƽȵ̬Խ߾Ǳ̬򶯣Ǻˡ
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˺һڰ峵ϣȻٲ˱ץྡ
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ѯʲôòĳӣͳˣϾԽŮԽģԽܱݶһ޶ƫ
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ӲɵøпСˤһ£ͨζνʧ֪Ǹĸںͷء
һûԵǿһĺף¹ȥԵ˿ͺˡ
һظţȴϵͳѣǺøжȣ55֡
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221 Բ
߱һԶӣ֣ðײãҪһЩƷֺõ磬ϻ棬ɽЩľϸ˵ֻڳֱ͢Ӵ磬ʱ̫
ﲻͬ󲿷ﶼһеˮһջնԣȴҪܶųɣ԰ĲҲҪüꡣ
һ֮ҪĲҪȥҹ룬±ӣԼ֡
ϵͳ̵ĸƷֶǾǧɸѡƷ֣ٶȿ죬ƷҲܺá
һϵͳû޸ֵֻܴӴԽߵĿ˽⵽һС
޸ڵƼЩ硢ӷʮֵۣǮһܻһѡ
»ôˣ򵽵óȵسǰж£ȥʱųϣ˵ԼģҲû⡣
һİ峵ԼģȻвý󻬣ԱһЩӵİ峵˵ʡͷţԵúúãٶȿɲ
ţûʱȫʱ͵ִ˽Դء
³߸ģһԼĪڳŹرǰʱȥҪļǵǰ
ӽסҪ뿪һСãҪȥģ
һƳһۣûشǣţ¹ȥ
һıӰ̲ס̾ôֵֵز
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ü룺֣ȷʵǼˣҿֹȻСü޸ˣֻǳԲĿͷ
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һԲϾͻ÷ȥ⣬ųܣŮ˹
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Բ¹ĺУ¹ļλʦԲˣƹһš
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ʵǰԵģֻΪζãΪ⼸˵ζ˵ϤСûԹʳȴ˸ζݷ˼Ҳǡ


222 
¹ǩԼаһṩĳ˲ףԼ߲ˡʳ͵ĹӦ
Ƕ¹ģһԼ⣬⴫ʳ﹩ӦǶңֻһᱣ֤ͬʱȹ¹
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С㣬ҪС¹ʦɣ߰ǼҵҳԱ
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ԭǶܣԺֽþѡµġ
ǫ߳˷Сˣͬǫ㣬һͬĸĵճ㣬һһĸͬ㣬ֻᱻΪ㡣
ÿγŶñΪʱŮӵ࣬ǲñּŶ
ǫͬǺش˵ּҼĸҵĳŮˣȴ˼׳ʲô
ԴصȨȦﻹǸޱȵĴ³Ůӣĸͬˣ˶ظضǸޱȿ˴ӵŮˡ
ɵǫͬһϮǳɫȹʳ˵ñģ˳࣬κʣһڱ˶а㴫˵⣿
ͬǿǫС˵㳤ޱ𣿡
ǫ²ãûģֻûз϶ѡ
ǫƲͬһۣʾ˵תͷֶ˵ȱʲôȥͺãͷ¶棬ѧУ̬˻ּң
˵ˣǫΪͷ¶治ظּҶ
ɴº͵ЦüΪλ˿ңҳʱʹף׻˵ȫõؼ˵ѰīвĻī鷿õϡ
˵ĸʢǫͲ˵ˣƤЦⲻЦ˵ԭˣǸƼģ
ǫЩţ̹ȻӲ٣㲻˵ʲôֻÿѡһҪͷһԵԼʶ㣬֮
ⲻ֪ĸϴ֪˶ٺöǫνĺöﲻƷˣò۶˽½Ҳǰײ˼ۡ
֪ǫ⸡ܵӣͻȻէ֣ȵؿһǱߣʲô˶Χۣ
ǫһҰ帾ˣĶҲЩϲ̨ĶѲߵأǼУʲô˶Խ𣿡
ͬǷǳϽȺǫȥˣˣ硣
һȥǫҲסˣȻǰ׵ģȥûʣȼյĻȶ޷紵ǻͺͶƵġ
ŽһȻģҲ̲סǰһϼҼԴûеģϵȵİطԱ취ʵۣԼõģǻʵʹ͡
ʹõĻǷҲǻδռط⴫öѹûҲ֪
û뵽һȻ
һӦһԼģΪһྪϲȻиĲŻûչʾ
һǫҰ帾һͷִ帾һİò
ּҸԣǫùʢҲϣԼĺӹңȡúͲҲжȵġ
ôѧڳ׷׶԰¶ѵĿ⣬ѯǮ
һĵһ򲻶࣬Ҳһ¨Ҫ۲ߡ
ʱͨĻһСֱָҲֻһָȴ150300ģܵͨ˼һ룬ɼж
һԵ˷ʹɫڱС120һ200һ
ĸ߶ۣһİ˵ö࣬οİȼʱ仹һʱǷ׷ӿǰͳǮҰСġ
ǫһΧһǰҾԣģǮģ㡣
ƹ٣˷˵۲ѣɱӴüĵһһٵļǮȥʧǮ
ƹֵĶ²ðɣǽ鷿̸
һô˼״ˣҪһЩ򶼽ǼǮ͵÷֪١
˷׷ǻҪأƹģҪ̸Ҳõ궫ɣƹȥˣ
ǾǣƹĿ϶Ȼۣ
һҷ׷׿ʼǴƹ޼鲻̣ƹҲûֻÿһ
һ״˸еİ취ƹĲҵԵͼ㣬㲻ԳҽıΣ
ϸһ룬һԼ󣬶ʱһһм
״װʶһӣԵλ̹壬ʵҵʹۼʮģҲԸ򣬴ҡ
С㣬ūڡҶµͳǮӡ
Ц˵ɷʮ͵ģۣܾ۲ʣܵùİҹҹҲɬ
ԣͬ⣬͵̫۾ˣòһѲ˵һСĻ̳ࡣ
ƹ˷׷ҪôǮߣˣżæſһ
һͷ˵ˣλԵƬ̣ƹ̸üǮȻԭϹ
˿ƹҲ˿æһȥ鷿̸
ǵͬʱ˳㿴Ҳڵȡ
ʵѹģһ̧һ̬һϰ̸ռưˡ
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˶ŮӣȻЩ˼һһʱ䣬һգȺɢȥǰ֪ûˡ
һЩߣЩ˻ƶأʱ򿰱ˣǫðҪС㷽ſó̸̹򣬲ȻĶֵõ
ҡͷްˣȻˣǾͻȥɡ
뿪ߵԵһʱһ׷סֹ
ϳһͷȥ
һܵÿ죬治ɫ˼ʮٵģŸֽ
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һѵ¶һȻЦݣֹҹۣҵİ򣿡
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⣬ҪôǮһ̰ѶϣһڣֹģҪǮлȻҺƹٲһּۻۡ
¶һ˿Ц⣺òԷƱİʹ߼ǮеҪҲΪԼһЩˡ
һҡͷҲԷƱ͸㣬Ϊ⣬Ǯơ
һ㶣ؿһΪʲôΪꣿ⺢ӱôֱ״󵨵
ֹˣղ˵ô޵ģЩһ
һ䶶˶ղûǴĻѾܾû˰ɣô˵ղѲڼǰ


223 ʾ
һǵĴָȫҲδ壬ɼȫ
룬һڸ¹
̣һλС㣬ȥּͣҵʳɼг︺
¹һν¹δãǴӺŽ¥ĺԺͺ˵Ȳڣ⣬
ڸ̻¹Ժݶһ㡣
һ԰ּҲҵʵĲҵһµʲô¹һġ
Ը¹ƹдƼпҶйϵ
¹ǰҲйء
˿лּң䱳бĿġʲôһæĵطһ
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һ¿δվȽỴ̈һľ¥ڡȺǻšĽԴأܵһҹӦĻڽԴɱһѪ·
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֮ǰļķ綼ǣŮӢŵĶʦŮԭˣŮûѪԵá
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һһȻǳӡ
Խӵˡ
һιʱһ߽ܣһﰵһÿÿҵÿ̵ĹغǱôԽ߸оԼϿΣֱûþ˯ˡ
ˣһ¾ǷһСɣǶΪºӣҲֻ˵˿ˣʱ־̫ѵˡ
һΪ⣺Ǹģ˵СáУŴӻѧգ˭ֱ˭ͼأ˵δƽȵ˼룬ȴһѵСȳӸһȵĴڣԴ޳ӣʲô˼
Խ߲ˣŭһô˵ԽԽˣܾһ
ܾһЦϸ絹Ǽִʻ㣬ų˼˵ͷڴʱ򶼱ֳĬ
ޣһĬ̵һҲֻżԼĿϽ飬һҲŬѧϰΪ˴ķ
ΪʲôһƫƫԽأ
ڴԽߵĲһӦֻڳĪʱ΢΢ü
Ϊһ뿴һһ˿ȣһ߾ϡ
ֿӡҪĿ⣬һá
һûڣ۵ԲСǰһƣסӵߣ˵ӾȻֱ׷ضſҪޣ
һæѣҽ˵öԣǶ磬ǰ̼ҼԺӣΪҵĹ͡
Ȼͷԭǳ̼ҵλš
ǶԳӿŶȣǶԳӾȻǫͬС
һӴЩ˲֪Լ̼˵о󣬾ȥӣ֪ݺӵʵǫ
֪ݺǫ֪˵ȻǫΪ


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Щ˼룬ó֪ݺĻָʹǫôأ
ѻʯԼǰ;ȥּҵӲӲΪ;Ը֮ܿ裿
һһ˿ζԱèһ㣬ΪֻΪ֡
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ͣһţ뿪˽Դأȥһһ˵ţЩͲͷҰܳһˡ
ϻشĴ񣬳Ӳش壬ݼֻм죬ļ¶ҪסѧѧԺ浥ⷿˣԴסһʲСĿ治֪̼ô
һɿԷĮıʹ˺̽Ŀ⣬ֱ졣
桢ʤһУ֮ӣȥһŮֺá
һûνܻи顢ãʵȱϸȥֺã紩ԽߣܴԽ߲Լȱ
صҸظң봧ŶëƤӣصǸֻûŮ˵ļҡ
ΪҲǴԽνġޱ߷ûбķūʰȫж֣ĺӶʲôһţͷۡ
ڳԹ˼˵ӻ㸻ԣȥҲֻҵһ档
ӽûȥ޼ҳԷ޼æ˵ýţ˵ס
ھ޼ңӵǳӺ۲ѣҪһŮֵˡ
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һι佭ԴصʱּҵĹϵּҵŮݼΪãʢȥʶٽԴرصˣЩҲʢһӣһԼȥԴϢһʱһס
УԴصĲƥ꣬õĶ̷ĺزû޲˿񣬵صĺصĺҲˣص˹󣬲ָϣȻðϲ
һټּԼҲвƥҵغزƥļǮܴ󣬱س񲼸ߴĹǮصĳȴǮĵͼۡ
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һĸŮûôĲƥΪò㣬һĵ޲˵ѾܲˣֲҪųӣαء
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һ֪Ŀʲô֪ʲôڽԴؽԼּҡʢĲҵ
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ڳ̼Ҫ̶ɣŮֻ׬ǮĴɩͻֶӣڶ뷹ܸҼ⣬ֻһ̲˶ᱻӣôʮˣҪʵܡ
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ֵܶһۣ˱˴̬
ۿ̶̰׷ŴסϴҸԿϷ̰һƬ˵ϣǷϣ
ų̰ǸǱص̬ԬϾЦϸŮ󻨻лҪߣ
󻨺Ůס˰£гʺԺɵ£ͷ̣裬˵ǾŴģŮȥԬ϶֪ô졣
ȫ˶Ҫ϶ӷûζȫ˾͵øˮĲˣǮҾ͵÷Ļȥ¨¨ȥû˿ϣɻȥ㣬˸ͷȥ
Ԭʱ룬϶ô
һ뵽ĸŮӺԬҲ˷ּҵ˼ּܷң׬ǮͶԼˣýУԼͼðҲúʵʵ˼ĲƲӲ̹
˷ּ˼ԬϣϾͺͳ̴ɶڱ
̴һʼͬ⣬ÿµǮӹȫҳԺȣһɶ̲ţ⻹ңƾʲôѽ
ǣٽ꣬ϲһ굽ͷԲϼ⣬ˣһ˻ϲϲΨгֵַּ̼ȫ御֪
γ̼ǰѳϺˣˣּҲȰȰûʸ
幫Щʸģŭ̶ɲТԬֵܸ飬Ԭϳ֣ۣ䣿˵ʵˣ
̰һˮ˲ƽ´Ҳ˭ҵĲƫģӶˣͻиƫǸ
ǼһһŮƫжһŮʱЩ˱ѵϴԣҲŮʲôԣͬ
ɳֵ̼ܾж̰ƫͲˣͽеӲ䵽Լϲ֪ۡ
̴ֹҪּҷֵַأ̶Ҳͳ̼˹ˡ
ΪТ˳ǵֵܵƣûкӺ룬ںڴһ˸űӶֱ¡ȫҾĴûޱܶУƾʲô
ˣôԬǮǮ˹УҪһޱҲ˵ʲô
ƾʲôɻҳ٣и̽ޣ̼ҵҲ٣ӾǲãΪҪӶ顣
һҼڿ̼ңȴڳ̼ҹϲӣ̶ɲɢȴܹۣƾʲô
幫ȰͣôҲȰϴ϶ҪּңȻҲ֡
ԭܼ򵥣ˣ涨֮ҿۺ˰عٲ¹
ΪּҶǰһ϶϶Ըų˸ŵĳɣôΪ϶żķ͵أǷּңǿ϶ռͷǰֵָܱԹ˵Ϳңںˣһּң󲿷ַ͵ضǵģ˭˵ռ˱ˡ
֮Ҳ÷ۣϴ϶ȵ͢۵ʱ򣬾Ϳȥɡ
ⳡּҿνǺ죬̴ʧ͸̶£Į̰ɲּң˼Ժ˭ֻ˭ˣּңӶøϡ
ϸٸ̼ҿֻ֣ϧˣ̼ҷּѾˡ
Ľǣֵ̼ܸģų̰һɣǮΪʣ޼ûʲôɷֵģǳ̼ôĶأе÷֡
̼㣬ܹʮĶأ˵ֵһ˶ʮĶƽ֣ڳ̰ųɣԳƸѹ󣬵öֵأֵ̰ͬʮĶأ̴ʮĶأ̶ֻʮĶء
ȥ˶ԿˣҲɵģôٵĵأǷӾ͵޳סֱԽü֮ſջء
̴ɼ׼Ҫ⽨ݵģϾӳҪȢϱܲȢϱһ£ôӡ
̶Ҳ֧˵幫ǵļ֤£˵üķ仹ǸֵסֱԼȥΪֹ
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ֵܶܿģֻг̰ģ۷ֳȥϴÿǮӡ


226 ˳
ֳˣȴϲϲ˵ĳ̶ɣ̶ɼ΢΢СҸֳˣҲĸŮίˡ
һ㶣ˣġ
ίĸŮڳ̼ܵίһ붼Գ̶ɣΪֻĸŮɣ
һڣӻˣּҹƨ£Ҹ໣ɱСǰȥٸп
һԽԽãҶ˵úãȴ֪ģָŮ첻䣬ȥ﷭һ飬ѲˣҲˣųϹ
ŮĹ򣬳̶ҪȥŮǰƣٲһٴ
̶ɰڳһ˵ı飬ϲٹû֣Ͻˡ
̶ɲģܵϼһ˵ּң϶չ˺ýĸŮ
һǿ˿ϵ̬ȣ϶Գ̶ɲҸȼ˼ֱùȥˡ
ֱֵƣɻأ㣬治̶ɹˣԺҶ֪С˺ˣûżҿզ
뵽ʲô̾˿С˵˲ײˣֲû˵ˣ̶֪ܲԣ׼Ϊίֺãˣ۲ǵĵأţ
Цúϲ£죬ҿ϶ʲôţز٣ܸǷǮ϶ϵǮҲ٣Ҫǳ̶ɣ϶ҲŽĸŮӡ
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þԼɵģǰܾ³çϸ룬ҵˣȴδΪ³çԿռĺô
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˾ͺó˵죬Ҫӣʼūˣ˵Ҫһ˻ʹӡ
ֱޣʲôū۲ūۣ׵ôͳūˣҪô˵Ǳū˺üꣿ
ңʲôʸ˵һˣңãŲҲˣĺҲհ
˴һ֮þǿࡣҲȥһǶɻˣ˵ۻǮҲɴһֱڼҴӺˣáĴˡȥǮ
ӻ治ҪȥһǶɻˣ˵ԺõĻ
һҲȥ֤Ƿˣܾɻֱһ⳥˫Ǯ
ӻˣСѽʲô˼ҸɻˣզܹҪ⳥أ
һڹ۲ĳƺ޳溦̧ͷӣǩ͹˵ˣж桢޹ʿΥԼΪ⳥˫Ǯ
ֹ涨ִ˵൱ըѵģԱΪΥЧĹ涨
ǣһй֮ʹϣҲֻŮпǻΪָԸԭ򣬰ѹתøˣһЩƶŮͯҲпܳڼ˵һ
ԣΪ˷ֹ֣ĸŮ˸ݵģǾǳ˶ֻҪˣǾ͵Ǯ
ˣݹҲתøˡֲǲƲתõ˵
˾ٲʮЧһҪǮϽȥϹڴһ£ҲЭˣרĸɻ
׼ȷ˵ӦҰ֮ӻۡ
˺ôãҽ˻ȨǵǸĸŮҪȫָ£ûϺýõæˡ
üһʲôԼͽϵĹϵùǮЩһӣûؼ֡
Ҫǰ˿϶ҪָвٸӲ򣬷ǵ˷Ǯȥһҵӡ˲˵ɵˣһǾøһԣǲ˵һǮӣ컻ʳÿ±ôȫ˶ӳԱˣҲˣ˭˵ԡ
óͷԽһЩ治ĻҲôˣýϺЩһˣŮ˵ȨͻᱻᣬѹֽϲԸ̶ɣҲԸ⡣
ֻϧûнô¸ңҺԼ˺롣ΪܺɹֻΪ¸ңԭǵʱ̼ĸŮų̶ͬ롣˵ף벻룬Ȩڳ̶
뵽ÿһɻĽǣ˵ģҲ̱ڴģЩĽˡ
ÿԼǼӵ֣ҧأٻݻƣõǮ˾ͻΣҲҪסݻ
ŵãɻиɾһܲ⣬ҲûҰźܴôǣѪˣ
һϲԱڹżʱгÿ˶෢µĹǮԼʮףǰĻؼҹ꣬
һﳤǻȸԾ״̬ͬ԰ĲũĽѣȻǽϣֻˣܹǮڷսũǺ޲̴ϵĻȥһ
ϼ״в԰˷ѯĲũǺǲҪһ͵Ķ
˷ת潭ϵĻԼһĴ΢ЦͷˣȥǶ֧ӣճüҵĴǼҲũҲս
˷ԥС㣬᲻Щũ̫ˣǾЩˣַǮָ𣿡
˱ַ£Ŀֱ˷ǱŹеĻȣȴ͸һ˿ԪĪˣԼҲˣ
Ԫһ飬ͷȥСĸС𷣣
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ԪһţϽ¹ͷϴǱģʴȡһ棬ˡ
Ԫߺ󣬴Ҹ֧ӣ
С㣬СǶôģԪũǸɻôۣòüνĪԼԵĴĶЩũֳˡҷ߷߲ƽص
Цؿ˵ԼǰҲһˣ֧ӼǺûͬ¹͸˱һҰɡ
ҵͷ˱ϵЦزסС㣬㲻֪ȥǼ˱ʱ򣬸϶زסЦݣɼܲ
¹ˣһ˿ȣֹǲֱһˡ¹ӪѾǰӪա
ҵԲۣ¥ô׬Ǯǽ֮ǰôٵյѽ
ϸ֧Լ򣬷־ܴһǶͺ͹ߵ޴Ϊһҵĵػ࣬һĽֻû֣ԹӦȱ
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ټ¹ʦǾһͨһ̵ļˣĳˣζкҲй֣õľΪ²ľԼˡ
ǱȻ¹ǮΪͨһĽ״ڽԴصг𽥼뽭ԴصʳҵҲвٴС͸ǩһЩũҲΪ󣬶Դرص̣ѹûôأġ
֣һðվУʳϵȵЩµȵҲˣҲ
Լ£һȴ̺һľ¥ϣҲ̲סϲüңӻͦ˳졣
˲̫⣬һԼ˳죬һܵˮ


227 
˵ĸһĶ죬ѩ֣ʱʢΪ̵鲻û̫ĸ׵Ѫûü
ºԼΪԼĳĸףɸĸĸĸ˵ĸµ䱦أ˾ͲԼ
ˣΪĸ׵ļգڸңĸǲģҸҵҲأһ촥ùͷһ˺úóԶٷһĸס
صּҵĵһ£ٽĸ׵ļգּҾȻҪʢٰ죬ҪѣҪλᣬΪѰһ׮¡
һҪĸ׼⣬صӻҪѰ£ôż޳ȥǷŭ
һߺţһҿԣǰɫŭЦѰٺ˼ңҵҪҵʲô˼ҡ
żƧʲôɾС㣬㣬ȥү״
һҪ뽭ԴصſΪʢϺ겻֪֮̽Ұˡ
ʢ֪ϵжĸĵ̺أҪǲŮֻܵȥ֪Ҳľʹ˼ˣĶ͵ĸĲҵȥȡ鼸ʱˡ
ҼˣôС㣬ʢҲ̫ˣϷ˵öԣּûһö
̾𼱣ȥּ̽һּ̽̽Ҫӣ
ҵǵС㲻ҪίȫЩѡһɣ
ӲʤڳϲĶܺ˴һƬ˵õ*ֻ̽ĸЩˣ紺㿴ûĻûӣ˷ɾġ
ڶ죬ҾͰּϣֳ֣︡Ӧס
Ϊ׵һˣ񣬱ʮ꣬̽ɣηǷ˼ã˵ʺּҵŮˡ
ޱּҿԷְλְȨּҳƿؽԴأ̽ϡ
⣬ҹǼүЩһ
ĩβ˵ȡ
һǳӣųûкüΨһܸľǳһ壬һڳҲңȽϱԵ˴£ָİæǳᣬʮˣһţڶʮ֮ǰо٣һˡ
ϧʮѾ̽ȶԣӵʺŬֻеȡ
ȵǣһ˾Ȼ롣
һҰԻĶʶ룿
ʶſڵҹĿԶʶߣֻϣ
ܾãʲôˡ
ҼüһֿڽͣС㣬ҲˣȫǸԻ֪Ҳˣʹŷ֪ԭǰЩ죬ȥڴһƣɽʱϮһС֧ǰСӣСĻХӪַǷܵХӪУξµʵүģˡ
ֺãХӪĶУξϣǲŶУξʢ£û뵽Ҳˡ
ϸ޳ָϣͬʱ·ѡһùĸùܾأ
һܻ˵룬Ϊ뱾ϲŮСԽߣԭּҿ׸ޱҪŮΪǶ衣˵ŮɲǼ޸ŮôӺֻȢܼޡ
һڣ֪νԭ飬֪ʲô̬ȣĿϣԥ
Щͷۣ̫Ѩݸңȥˣ⣬ȥ֪һҵ磬ȻЩҵĻ飬ӰѳСҲȥ
ҸҪӦͻȻ̧ͷС㣬ǲҵأ
ƣذڰ֣ȥʢ˵Ҳˣ޷μӣҵҪҲˣݲݵⳡϷ
Ȼȥӣ˵ҲйͻδⶨϣһС֣ȫʶʱûļҵС㣬û
ҽ͵ǰǰСĶˣǹ˶¡
ӵõѣʲôݣһѾ߸Һ˵˰Ҵ򣡡
˿壺ˡֻСǰ׹¼ܾӹһֱãô޷ϯ
߬Ӱ֣вǰɣҪʢ˴дϯҪϯּܴܲϹˣͿòͲܲܵùˡ
ּܽĻ´Ϲˣպּҵǫ;֮·Ż˳
ӼĸںԼӵ;޵úãѹŮһͷҲòΪӿǡ
Ѿߺٲһʱ䣬ޣͰѾߴҿôʰҡ
ǣ̼ҷ˾˵ӱǮĸּʱһȻҲյּҵ뺯Ǵġ
Һ￲뺯һ˵ʱﻹðһͬһ˵һߺشһҺء
̹ҼСģպҼС磬ʱּҴϯԴصȨ˼ҶϯСϣ̹Ҳϯ
һɻؽӹ뺯ʴңȻģСңҸ˻أҽտǳԴҩˣ
ŭĿԲɣҾ֪ѾͷС˵СˣȻǰ̬ȵ㡣
һҡͷɲأҽԴͺá
죺аɣ˵ŶˣĶ˶ķݣҲ˷ӣ
һҵķڼǰɣһⷿһԣǰķֻҺʹãһҾĸֻʵǶѲˡ
⣬ţؽѣĶֻһͷţѼһóֳЩû취ֻһһ£ܲסֻȫɱˡ֮Ҫ⣬ȥ˼
ڴҺЩӣӣϸ˵ӣһĴǿһЩ״߲ڶҲֲ
ܴѾЩܶ࣬ռص֮һ߲˵Ĳߡ
߲˵Ĳߣһ߲Ծɳ¹ͽԴظ¥ǧʲߡ
Ҫ֪ʱĴֲڽԴ˵㣬ôԴصĹڶճʲôأ
󲿷߲ڶҪô޷ջҪôˣԴǰԴڶ߲ˣǾ͵ڶ֮ǰͽѲ㹻߲ˣȵٳԡ
ɼеĽѲֶѾǳãܱ֤Ե߲˿ڸʣ϶Ȳϸմӵժ߲ˣҲһ߲ˡ
ǣ¹ڶ컹ṩ߲ɵĸζȣ¹ͳ˹Ƕõȥ
ӵнѲ߲˵Ĵ͸ǣҲ¹Է¥ƹΪ֪֪Ҳ롣
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ȴһȥҲ̲ס̾뷨͵ӶͬѰΪӣѱ졣
ˣͬصͷҪǳСӣСͲĻˡ
˴һۣ˵˵ӣҶϲ
һӣһؽԴصΪһͼΪ˻Ю౨ϸ֦
һӣð֮踴ŽϷּңŮ
һӣһ˵ˡΪʱΪ𺳡ͬܣҲ֣ڿˮŮʱ١
һѿĺøУһеǰᶼһǸŮˣܲ깲Ůˡ


228 
˼ӦʢȵĶԲߣһ
һļ磬ն˵ű壬һ˵ĸ׵ļգôѡˡ
ת۾͵죬ڴվţһţǡ
Ա߻վǣ룬ǴΨһһͨգѰ˼ţΨΪõУξʶһƥս
书ֺã׷Ҳ㣬ǻشǱţ첻֪٣ֿʣվڴڣѾ֪˵ע⡣
߻ۼͦ˧С¹ײ᣺Դ磬Ľǰɣһտõġ
ϥܹޣ԰Ѿ꣬Ӻ۶˫ӣǰꡣ
ԭʮ桢СûٸСʹӡǳСɴԽ߶棬ԽһЩƴļıʵǿݵֶΣлˣ绥죬ȻȫִͨĿƼֶΣʱĶ׬ǮأѣǶʶ֣ǣ˶Ϊ⡣
û˴Խȥ˵СƨߣͣһɤӣŲվá
һǣţߵڣӴȥ¶ϲɫãҽҲҪǣţ£
ӱ̼˵࣬ôţҲûݹϵǮʱһԴϲҲûпԡ
ʱ򵹲һӣǴԽԽǰóеޣԽóһ㣬ֻǴﵽһ˸еĵ±׼Խ߾ϲһܲ⡣
ңżнõĲȫȥ飬ǼȵߣҲ޹
ˣ˵Ը񡢵¾Ͳõ룬һӲ⴩ԽΪʲôϲǡ
Ӻôû˭ɣҲûк˭ܰɣͲһˣԭＸΪСìܣСǱķůģΪϰߴԽߵĺãνĸ飬ԽҲܰȥ
ԽÿοˣѣʼһĺãοСǡĸģ˵ܵϤĽδһ;Ϊ״Ԫһ̣һҵţһӾϽ
һЩľŴԽߴжãʣ˵ôأʲôô
Խһ㶣⻹ôԳΪꡢ֮ĸװ
һڷ⴩ԽߵԻ·ԶAIѶ
ʹԽ߽һ˳ӵǮкϳһ񶼲Ǳߡ
˸ľӣɫϰҪȥּҵ
̼Դ֪ͬﲻ䡢ŶȥּҸּСУܾԳӵĲòָּ֦ˡ
Ϊˣ̼Ĵ˽Ǯּ׼񣬶赽һˣֱӸϳȥˡ
̼ҵ̴ɺͳ̶ɽǮҾòǮȻԬϺͳ̴ɷ˼ңһ£ϸµĹǮ˳̰أû̵ãܽǮ
ֵ̼ĸˣּ˹ǽǮΪʲô£ȥֺøŹŮҪǵǮȥֶȢǧ£
֪̼˴չǮ׼Ҳ֪㲻϶ء
ðսɽԵһֻ׺ëƤ׼Ϊİ׺Ƥܺ޼ۡ
Щ˵񶼴һ㲻ڴûܼұȤΨһˣܺԷԼʲô
ƽлױʱĻױƷ࣬ҲĨһЩνױ۷ȣʮֲ
ţǲúױ磬»ᱻָָ㡣
ʱŮױͭԼüۣˮĺ촽ͻȻЩ˳ۣôŨױһ춼
ŮôҰϴɾ
һһ߸пСʣױ
ҵĶᣬɨ۴⻹δգ٣Ϊ˸ױʱͰ𴲣Ƿˡ
ң˵ûʲôأѵ͸һ˿ڴȸԾŴҲſġ
С϶ѡСϲ͡ǰһһɵǲûʲô飬ɸʶ˵ĺ󣬿һЩϡŹֵĶ֪ԼСһˡ
˼֣棿һױɡ
ҰһշСϴɾ˵СֲǵȿɫĵͽӣںСױ񡣡
Ȼһ૵ѽңƫˡ
ƫʲôˣʡ
ҡͷûʲô
һ֪ڴʱ
ֻһȥμϯ˵ʲôֻԽԽ㣬ԼԽԽԶ
ɵ˿֪һҲҪȥʱסˡ
˵ּСޱȣֻмһŵ㣬ͷ¶˴򽻵ظԴȥμ磬ҲԴΪǮΪּŮ
ϾԴҪ׸ˡ
һһܸо뿴һʱĲԾԲܣͳСͲһˡ
еģ¶ˡĽ飬˵ԼôسǶûΣּôϲ£Ҳȥ档
ԼĹϵһʱ֮ҲʲôɾܾټֵСӣҲȥ棬ô׶ûá
˵ĿƵһϣһЩһƥȻղ˵ģЩţ
һͺʹ˵˽ǣΪҪרȥôˣʱ䡣
Ӳ⣬ԸǮȻҲġ
һôˣţɻѾˣ˶ˣ·ˡ
ʼװĬȥһģɡ
һ˵һʮģء
ɴۣţǮأһţҪʮģ
һ治ɫû
ǮδŮӣûԼĲƲдڣһвƲǴġ
ҧ촽һǮһ룺μּС磬ЯϯܲʮĶòɡ
һųûǮС̷ŭָһŮˣŮˣɹƭҪȥٸ㣡
һ˵ûʶСƨٸɲ
üͺӼƽʲô
һƳһۣҼƽʲôҲҲǸӡ
һֻĺӴ7꣬ȴһʮһ꣬ôһһȷʵǺӡ
ɫ࣬һʱҲ
һۣôᣬҪռҵʱ䣬ÿ˶ʮģأ
ÿ˶ʮģһһܾ׬ʮģʱоޱȡ
ںọ̈̄һԣҿ¿ˣһҲǼۣòʮţ
ʵ᲻ǮӲȥУұҵţһҪһġ
ƫƫڴôãΪ˵ȵһţһǣʱһţͷӣһĶ
û·Ҫȥʶּʲôгʲô˶ȥ
ЩƳȥΪϵʦ£ãʲôûɾմĹ⣬ƾʲô
Ҫȥˣһ״ضĺ·ּС׼˼ֵƵɣʮĶò
ƿԣȻõóΪСƨǮ
Σ¶ӣʹǮ


229 
һǰ˵ӣҲûǰ˵һġû
֪һѹûʲôǼʣ˲񶼹ȥôˣҲöһ˼֮ģڿӣһһɵö룬᲻뱳ǰֳ⣬񡢷һ
ţϵͺʹԽһ£ѰһᰵһӺǰ֣һôּܱ룬ĪʲôУͲûֱ˵һѻ͵뺯ˡ
һûдϸظţţҲԣһɨಱͶµҲߣö˰һţΪţȱҵĸȡ
һİ峵챸Բ˵Ҳȹ̣ţس죬ܾܡ
ϵˣһţ˵
뼸ĹϵÿοڶǣҲ֪ҺĹϵǺչҼӡ
һûǴԽ˵ˣһ˹ˣʲô˼ͬУʲô㻹ҵǵ˽鲻ɣ
Ǻ죬춼֪Ӻν͡
Խǻʵ۲̫༱ͼѡһզôľأϲ㰡ŻĴڣ֮Ĺϵ
ʲôϵѾ֪ˣҪ͡һ˵
ԽߵۣʲôϵǾͨڼùϵֻ꣬ҪƤѡ
һЦ˵ĻԼ𣿡
Խ޿ռһСǲǱˣ
һ̾Խ߲ɵɣڲŷˡ
ûһֿܣҾͲǳСһεֵĴԽߣһнӴǸ޸ֵˡ
ԽߵһѽСôܴôһʼΪϵͳĵߣһ룬һĮ϶˶ٺøУôܶһôߡ
㾿˭Խ߾ɲضһһǡͬʱ̧ͷԽ߲СȴƱһĿĿ·ӴԽֱ䡢ȥ͸ġ
֪˭ˣԽѵôһΣΪһϸھѵԱ˵иƻ޸ˣٲ֪ĸ磬ĿǰеǸǳ侲óŮˣܶ㿪޸ֵɨͼ⡣
ʱԽߺ֪޸ʼҲǸŮ˭ˣǰˣСˣŮ˴һʼαװȡСĹؼ顣
ѹһ񣬶벻мһˣ޸ֶһĲ²⣬ӦǸ͸ģԺ͸һֿĺݶŮˡ
һŴԽ߶ۣ޸ֶĲ²⡣
͸ģǣһεˣûϲ˺ðɡ
ѵ޸ֵ˿һŮ˿ʼѺ;ѣΪģ
һѾʹԽװȥˣΪԽ̫߶ˣ߶ݻûйؼϢǱŻˡ
һͼ׻Խÿʱؿƿй¶鱨һһֻܲȡ׳нİ취ʹԽֱ˺
Ȼ֪˭ҾͲװˣеľ飬ȻĻҾɱ㣬Ҳɱ룬һԹԧ졣
ʵһ磬ûɱ޹ɱˣҪôǻԾҪôǶˣԽȻ߶ˣû˺һ
Խ޸ֵҲֻһͨˣϸǰѵԱ˵һǸôΣյʱѾɵˣԼһϰ¡
ңɱҵģֻһӰڣ˻޸ֵ߲㲻ɱҡ
ԭˣһȻͷԭЩ޸ֵ߶ֻһͶӰ߲˯ͨԻӿڣͶӰС硣
ѹǰôеܼһ磬ķ磬һһͶϲڶΣΪķ겢ͶӰʵڵģһһһ硣
һ̾ԶҵһӶ޷߲ѣҲ£
Խˣ֪һʲôֶΣֻǸˣֻ֪֮ǰѵԱΣڣʱѾ
㵽ʲôɢŮͲ£ҸɶԽ߿ǻˣȻδ־
һɻӵûвɢŮһ˵ֻÿε񣬸Ů˿ŻᵼŮమ׼ȷ˵ŮٰҲܹ
һ˲Ӧÿıʺ󣬲ܰʵ
ڱԻǿ֮°ѵǶԵ
һûԼʣҲڴһ˾ĴԽܸĻش𣬼ȻԽߺ޸ôһģʵҲãڸһʵĿĺн޸ַµ
һһţԽڸһʵݣһ֪ΪʲôԽһֱִһһˡ
丸ʮǰȫ壬ʵ˲Ǹӣ͡
뱾Ľݣʮǰ˸Ͼɱ͵ı£ӵȫˡ
Ľݣһʲôġ
ֱԽ߽ͣĽǴգĽҲ룬ʵȻʵĳӡ
Ͳò˵ĻʵˣʵȻʵӣСꡣ
ȻģΪСȻϲϧʮʱΪĴʵ۵ݺñΪˣܵܵʼղϷŹȻ谮ĻӣǸĸˮ³Ѿ漰ѹıȵС
ĸ御ҵĳңŵţٵı٣Ҳ
ʵʵϴȵҲɱù͵ùȵˣǳĸıʵ֮߱
СӻҪϾɱ㵽ȫΪ˵ҲΪȥﱩ¶ƣûˡ
Сʮ꣬ʮǰž꣬ĻԺ͵ʱѾʮ붷ʤʤڣĸĻʺĻֶΡУʺڷСӵǻ󣬵˴̫
ԽһֱϣһžߣΪվ飬Խ߿԰붫ɽԼִ֪ʶͿƼֲʳ˲ţǮˣĸľʮᷢսңıءڡһС
ʱϻλԽ߾ܵʺӣ̡̫ӡ̡ӾÿԼĶˡ
Խߣվ飬ΪΨһӣΪʵۣ󹬳Խ⣬һŮ˶ûС
һɵþúЦǸרˣȥĸףôأ
һɻǣǻӣպлıǻͬΪǣ˿ǻϺͻʺĹϵǱĹϵ
һ79ϵͳϵͳǵ϶Ⱥ󣬲˺ܴͬ
ϴһʱǰһиߴ15ĺøжȣֻ5㣬һΪǰ˶ĺøжȷֱȺġ
ɲ֪ʲôʱ뾹Ȼøж˵һ
ƺǰøжģһǰֹסҫս룬һͨĶսϹˡ
ǰ˵Ȩƺеġ
Ҳ˵˾ԲһŮ¹ϵǻྺǿĹϵ
պԵǻΪۣôǷҲأ


230 ϯ
Ǹͷ磬һһֱûиĿ꣬һȴδã
Լ񽥽ϵͳķ*룬Ѿ˵˼άһζ˳ûĿ꣬Ҳ¡
ųС壬Ǯӣߵ˺һԼŬõӦеһУҲ롣
һһ£룬ǷǾϵǣôһɾͲˡ
Խ߿һı飬ԽԽ£㵽ʲôѽ𣿻СˣԸ˵Ƕ㣬һֱôƻǵ͹ʲôôأ
һʴԽߣЩһֱվ£ʲôôأ
Խߵ˵ǿŮҸֵСľˣĻҲȶгˡ
һȻͷСӰѧӶӰǵ˼룬ӰȶҲ˵ʵĿǰȶ
Ȼˣһ룬һ˿ơԽɪɪ޿ռﲻ˵
֮ǰΪһǹŴСĳСԽĪԽУܾù˲Լ֪һǾ귢һҪϱΣռһʱˡ
һԽôʵҲûϵôң֪Щвˣʡȥ˶Զĥ
ͨʴԽߣһ֪Ĺ˾Ƕ¶УξĸľɲΪϵԶĸ屻֮ʱֻ˵ǣûжְᵽ˽ԴظĻХӪ
ľӷ֣һֱڻʳǺͻʵ۵Ľһڱ߾صפһ־ǸطľӪʱֵأսʱ̣ƽ˷ˡҲҪطӪ
лХӪڵطӪǧбϱƫ࣬һЩӵĻХӪֵطʲβ룬˵Ǳ˵Ʀ
´ǰǸͳĸᵽһȺб־꣬ĳ֣ϳݣⱲݣػٹ⣬ܸ룬һܵϻλɾǻʵʱڵҳ֪ĵλжߡ
ºܿϣϾʮͶʮò󣬵ǿȻʵ٣öϳԷҪ֪´ǰҲǼģΪͳĸôϲ롣
²֪ǣֹϳ룬˱ȼ룬ѵ
һ·ϸ˵ģͼƲԼĹϵͼһĨڣӱСʶò档
ǸԺܴڳǰԣͼóӸɡ
ʱǴԽ߶ĳС¿϶ܳɣԽ߻ἫٽӺһ֪ʦһûиҲӵӣԼܲܶ鶼Ǹأоȥչزʶĺӡ
Ǹʮֿòˣ񡰹ɡĿ⣬ֻӽ
ƴܲȥ̼ҳѧʱһͷĿͶһ
Ǿü˼ϵֻһϣһܾ
ǰ̼źͳ׺Ϊ˳ӡ󡱣˲ˣҲֻΪ˳ӵˣһǳˣӳˡ
һû棬־ݣֻ뵱ʹȥ
뿴ӵΪѣ˵ʵǰӵʱȻʳ谮óĻһ㣬ȻҲȻһԺܴսΪ
ͿԼСһŶ鿼ȡģκԻǮһ˳ԺȣҪһӶ飬Ǿ͵Ϳռҵˡ
ûиûѺȥ鶼Ǹ⡣
ڵѧҪǮ˼ҿ˽ӣҪ𿪰ӣٸľֻѧѧŲܽȥ
˽ӹûʸѧûʸѾ˻δɣֻʶһЩ֣һЩ򵥵Ĵʾ䣬ʫʺ¶
ԼҲЩƪۣҲӵѧҵģ޼ңָжమӡ
뵽ԼͶϣĸľɲ£ҲѾģһɱػʹĻλĶδǻӣⲻ˶ʵ
ǣߣ̵ֵֹܣȮƽһѧ˽ӣ̵ǿÑʦ̵ܲõģÿʮӲ١
ӽҪܾĻ˻ȥʮÿ꣬˵Ѿˡû룬һֱԼüģλ岮ҲѾּңҲ߲٣ÿʮÑضΪḺ
һԹۣѧͲãΪǮ˷Ѿȥ´εĿƿˡ
ȵ˽Դأһţ˩ڳȥһˮԱߣˮ̵ϰӱȽģһÿνǶȲ裬Ѹģ˼һһ˵ͻţá
Ϊ˵Ŀĵضһ˳Ҳһ顣
һ죬ֽýѸٰЩ˦
Ҫ˵׷ȥ϶ǿԵģţһڣͲôĿŵ˶£οӡ
һȵִּңּҵĴŻֺɣһ̼֮һһϣŵӰǽϵĻɽˮеĶһ㡣
ŷһͨõıڶ࣬ŮӴҲŮź򣬲ȻģһԼ·ҴĶʲôΪŮӲȹװȻŴ߽ʦӢͦΣһƹʣ̫صĸо
һͲˣһ˫۾˲ƫУ࣬Ȼ⡣
ŷﻹû˵ڣͱһ飬ӹһ뺯ȷʵԼҷȥģ㲻ϣ˽ȥˡ
һ˵ϯǲαߵģһᣬʹӶûУö˳ͶĿ⣬֪ļҵС㡣
⿴ƣеּܾҲż֮²һĸҵС㣬пӢ
ûԼһҲһּңǵ·Ƽ¾͵Ժ
ּҵϯҲŮϯͥԺʮݰЩ˵λãеҺͱŮ춼ƫϯλϣмǸǽڡ
ʹƫϯλҲΪλ˺ü䷿ηһΪ˲ݣŵȽԶϯλȫ涼š
ǱǱһûнּˣҲûΪ˽ӹˣ˭뵽߬ﲻء
һϯλ֪Ǽģ극Ҳ˼Ҽ߶ȥϯλôܿ
ǣһŮɷҰ棿
Ůһ㶣˵Цأ˵ϯλŮ춼ϯ
һʶļλƹҲţΪãͷǷϯλ
ʵʱŮֱ˵ˣּΪϯλɱϯˣöû룬λúܡ
ŮΣֻȥҹܼҡ
ܼü˭ҺùҪϯλλá
ܼɨһ֣Իˣһ֣˭ģ
ܼҪŮһˣٲֱӸϳȥͺãȴǵʱһѾͥԺļλƹ̸鵭̬󷽣Ȼ⼸λƹʶ
ܼһʱ֮Ҳ֪òøˣֻȰ˼ᣬһӶˣǸҪŮӣʶȤϯ
ⲻ֪һ˵ֵǮġ


231 
ļλƹȷʵʶһƹҲһ߲˹ӦڶҲþ¥ƹ񣬼̸䣬һ£պкʱҲ·
ǱΪһļ䣬̸һ̸⣬Щ˴һô֪һΪʳĹӦ̺ͰӦ̣ĶƷǼõģöĺ׬Ǯ
ƹһλصƹص˵֪Դаÿһ»صԴ򣬵ǴǲˣһǱֳ߰û࣬ϣܹ㲻ˡ
ûٽ輢Ӫ߼Ǯ׬һʣԺһĺޱȿأȥλصƹƹʶˣ˼ҲܹĽԼһЩϵֽȻҲûһңûȥλƹû׬һм̵Ĳۡ
ǰĵûȣȼһԼͬʱƹ㿴ҿ㣬û㶮ʲô
ƹСһ̹զأ
һʵôǶѲҵһȣ
ƹôɵҲ֪ܵһ˵
ڳ̵ͣ˵Ů˵λǶŮ˵裬ֱ˵Ů˲
һ仰˿ߣͥԺŵĶǽԴеλݵˣбصˣҲּԼҵƹ񣬸иȨ峤ȡ
Щһⶼˣע⵽һһŮӾȻһƹм䣬ô˵ãҪˣ
ЩߴİҲ˵ġ
롢ӵȱڿݽһһȫǱصſλúãҲΪݲѡ
ԼŮʱƫֻ˵ʲôʱƫ⿴ſ󵨵һ
ͳӼͬʱüһΪʲôҪǶⲻ
ݵϣλ̧ͷ㿴ͥԺһüͷ΢塣
ǵһΪһϽũͼֽľʮ̨һһطգջʳӹЧ˶ʼƨΪóĶͼֽϱݸ֪˶Կ޹
ҲΪˣּҲŻѱѺϣ֮ڱǨ
ʢԲ̫ãһڣ̱ǾȹԼŮĴãŮľˣһʢҲ˵ʲôҪǻ˹أּ£Ǿͱˡ
ʢҪùܼҰ˴ߣȴͬʱ˳ֹ
ݵĲϯһĵϲû룬ͼʢҪı飬ֹ̳ף
һ񣺡ϰ
͸磬ԼֻΪʲôҪΪһ飬ʶ
ѵЦЦ͵˵ⲻǳ̹ũΪ͢ͰıʵǽԴ֮ҡ
ʢһ㶣ũ߾ȻѾͷģ
ڳλߵô˵ˣ˭Ҳûʢ
ʢͰЦݣܼңϵĻĳùܼȥ͵Ļ
ڲϯ̲סһʶ
һ񲻴Сδ˸еһߵ⣬鶼仯ġ
Ȼкܶ˲һعءظ˼Ҷû˵ʲô˸
Ǹע棬ҲԸŮһŮͼҲװһ顣
һﻹ߬⣬ּҵϯʶ˲ϰ壬ҲΪԼؿѾһԴرصӻ˴š
κˣһӻɴƴģңڸؿԼӻ̺ӺΪǫѷ
Ȼһѡԭ򲻽ΪǰңΪڴҲ˵Ҳ̵ϰ壬ϰ
ֻκӱŵƫŮһ̸⡣
ʣһֻǺκӴҪҪԼϵ⽻ӣÿӵΪ˺ֶΡ
˫Լպһȥ¹غ̸˳Ҳһιǵ̣˽˴˵ʵ
ϯƹżѯһʲô⣬Ҳܰæ
ƹ϶һóöũһϽ͢ģһģ⼸λƹǶ֪Ҳһֵģʲߣ¥Ҳһ
ƹ߸ŵ·ߣ˵׻ˣΪȲ֪һܷܲһڸ
һԲ˵Ĵϣ˭ʶǡʱ֪ˡ
ϯ˺ܾãһͷβоҲڽԴһ̽ˣͬǰһڴڽԴҵһ
һôһ¶棬Ҷ֪˽ԴλŮȵĽסԼ߲ˡ
˶һмһˣΪһҲǸŮˣϲ̨棬ܺͬԷʴȴ
ȻҲϵΪһͼϰһƤ޲ðȫ
³׳һ²Ǳ˿Ӻ۸ȥûضԩǡǡ͵óڽԴسͷ
ϯʱߵߣļģһߵſڣûż뿪վƺڵʲô
ȻûеȴҴæһһǰվûߣȻȥ׷ϡ
һЦŵͷҽɻãֽ𣿡
ҾȵۣСȻû˵ڵǡ
ֽ񣬽׷ңҪ˵ҵû͸봺ҽǰ·
һţѾͷû˭ţ
һ˵һߴӲĳԺȥ
ʱûʢȥѯտ֮ˣ֪ԼҪʢһʱزǰȥסһ
Ժʱþּ԰һͨԺӵĳȺͼɽ԰ͨʢ鷿·
һǱ߿һۣһۣͣˡ
ɻ߰ɣȻСû˻Ϊˡ
ǲСվЩ˭Ҽһûͷ˳һ߿ȥȻֺĶ԰վˣƺ˵ʲô
ԶҶСϤ⿴·֪С㣬һģһɫȹӡ
մһŵˮɫīȹڲϯʱ˵ߡ
ǰ֪˭ģªǫ󱻴ƣſһ÷ݡյĴ磬ţ⡣
һ첢ûл԰һǴһ֪ȹŮ
ߣһȹӵŮ⣬Ȼվ
λһǼġ
һʴңֽʶ𣿡
ұ죺ʶүС޸ү۰С㣬ֻСĻ
ҲǴͣһ˵ĹϵѷѣҲŲµһ⣬֪ܲǵ⣬Ҿһܰæٲã²һҲС
һüһŭȼֻʢץһ١
ʢĳصĸʲô
һΪãֲͬŮӣܹͷ¶ԼȨؼңʢϵĵĲ٣ȴû뵽ܸɳŮٵ
һѯʴȴȻͫں԰˲֪ģһ˲Żˮץסֱ۰ȥˣΪңץ֣˸Ǻ«Ƶͨˮ


232 ˮ
ʱˮķһʹңѾæǰæûпߡ
һ˼ˮķȥ
ҲӾڰ߼òУֱӿڽˣֿ±˿ԼС˫˫ˮСףǵʱͱü޸
ܽˣһѾιȥˣһٶȣȻǻˮģҲ֪Ķһɨ㣬ܵ԰ɨȥˡ
ˮˮǺ˼ˮҲѣһ˲Ժһļ䣬Щʹġֵһһǰжʱδı׵˼ĸӣдߴߴӡ
Ҫʧȥʶʱһִֻ쵽ǰ棬ӱ§סˮ棬ȵȥ
Ŀֻźܿ챻սʤԼ壬˴ȥ鷳
һȥȹССǸĺӣֻСƵģ̲Ǹˣ͸ĳ˿¶ýˮ
˵ǣϣ밶߲Զ˾ʹӹ۾ŵˮε˰ߵĲݵϡ
Ǻ˼ˮڵϿԣҸϽܹ¸ɾС㡣
һտҪ䣬ͽץס֣СܷȾˣǲ
ּңȫ˶ñǣҲ⣬ǣֻС¡
һĺ޲Ȼˣĵǣһĵؿһתͷȥ
ˮǻȹŮ䣬֮һʧһ޹ĵҪһȥˡ
һӵŮͬĸãһ񣬱
һӺ»᲻ݣ⻹εģѰǣˣּҰɾͳԲ˶ˡ
һٴˮֽ߬Ŵҵ£ȥæ
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ңȥæʵھȲˣذѳС
ûȰ˵뿪ͬʱȥ
˻û˵꣬һϰˣһӣٴˮ
˶ӣô죿
ܾԼڹŹضãǺˮһ̣һļ䶼˸飬żǶ꣬ⲻ֪һݣһӾٶҲ˿Ӿ˶Ա
ڰϰβΣΪˮʱ˿ʶˣת֮ʣŻʱ
İֺļ͵ۣǲ֮ǰȹĴôᱻˣΪ
ɵˮһʲôӢŵ̽ɣ˿̶쿴ˡ
𾪵޷ô̽ɿˮ֣ӢˮةӣĵһССھ
ô˽Դأأ
һʱϵѾȥӿ컮ˮٶΡ
ˮˣһø˹һ롣
Һһ˼ʱȻѾˣһ˼ʶգ³һˮˣò˹
ߵ󣺡ҿⱲӵ׾ͻˣ
ҧҲ֪˵ʲôˮѵùһ𣿡
һ˫׵ӶѹֲסķŭģĪ˭ʧˮģʶǳķӣ˺ϣҾͶû˵Ŀʷ֮£
漴ٴתͷԸңûˮȡҵĸɾ
ҵͷС뿪һֻץŸɾ£һͬʱһַֻɿץסһ֣ǣߡ
һʲôҲʣͷǺˮȵ鶼һ˫һ
ǣԼߣһܹԣڣ죬ô߻˶ԷĹ뷿
û֣Ŀסһ·ҪһϿ
ȣ治ܲȥˣһ˿Ǳø磬ϰһӦһҶ군ɵһԥˮʱֻˡ
ˮʲôоѾһˣһһСĹˮθжΣա
һˮȳˣûˣֻǱˮˮס˸ô졣
ڰǰزʶİˣÿһ˵У̲ס˵仰˵
뵽һˮΣգͺԼһȥˣʲôʸñðأǸˡȻˡ
ԼֵҪ󣬸һҪӲܾ
һؿΪʲôоĻˣΪʲôѲ˵ķʽԣӦ˶Եͷ
һ̽ػأӦǶȼˮг𣿡
ŭҪˣһ仰ЦˣƽҲ֪ԼŭĪ˼Ҷ˵ˣȥʶԷΪʲôʵЩŤ
̾˿ҺûֻЩġ
һʣʲô
һһ˫ʱоƺЩȣر˫ۣתƻ⣺˵ǰǵñ֤Լİȫ𣿡
һͷף˶˵û̫⡣
һı鿴Ƶȴĥ˵ţε֪ˮ˵ãҲäĿţˮµΣ˭Ҳܱ֤
һʵͷҼסˣлġ
ȷʵڹһһ־һ˿գһۣǼסˣȻˣȥˮԡůٻϸɾѡ
ķ磬߸ԣұ߸ԡµķ䡣
ԡͰܴ󣬵ֻһּҵˮÿ춼գɲľ̿޴һ˼һòأ˼Ҽһů¯
˶ɪɪͰֻһһϴʺãһȱ²
һϴһϴȥҶˮˣû
ҧڳƽʱ̬û˵һһһ㲻
ˣΪһһȷʵû˵ʲһ΢עŴĸʣĸʦҲû취
ּܽźֻдң˶ֻǸˮͰ
һ״æӶͳһֽķ飬Լ*˷ۺ̣йζ
ֽʵôöûнˮһѣֽ㣬Լ顣
ͷɻ飿
Ȩϴ࣬ԡ趹ˮżӻ꣬ϴͷǡͨò趹ֻˮԼҵ
ʲô飬һš
һ͵ԼƷЧ趹úܶ࣬һƴúܾá
ӹյǼһţϲ㣬Ҫʹã
մˮһĨл֮мɣƤˮ͸ɾˡһ򵥽÷
֪һʵܴɱһó涫ޣҲһẦβ˵Ϊһ仰ˮȥȲɵˣỳһϣɣֻʱ򲻸ϸ롣
һԼڼԹˣͽ϶ùˣҲָ˳ǣùĶ˵ãһĻ˺ױƵĳϡ
ӹȥ˿ʼϴ裬ҶţΨһɵɵվڷ
קקһ䣬һеԼȥɾѣקקˣС㻹£ֲһҲĬһ
ҵɴۣƾʲôСĵѾߣСӣǰɣ


233 ϲ
ҷ߷߲ƽţȴ쳣һ·ϴ
ܽӴˣһ͸˻档
ΥأһоЩȣվԭز֪Ǻãֻܷȥ
ŲȥԶֵʲô
һ֪λش𣬱˵ȡ
ɫһݣôͷˣĪȾ纮
纮ɲΣ룬ӿϴٶȣʲôҲǺĨһ¾żˮ
򵥴£³żæŵȥˮš
ˮڶݳ޵ĶΪҪľ̿ƣڿȡˮʱܹˮͰˮǲסּҵϴ裬Ҫôʮ²ϴһΣҪôԼϴʣµˮ಻࣬ǾͲ޵ˡ
һùˮʱղ̫ˮֻܹһͰֻܾϴ㣬ˮȣһůůӡ
һҲԼʧ̬֣Ͻȡ˸ɾȥϴ衣
ˣܼ尾ĳʼʲôֱ͸ԼӰŸоڸһԼĸоӿͷĳֲΪɬ
˦˦ͷҧ´ͬһ˵תע⣺ҿʹҾȻûվǰ˵ˡ
һҲǷܿҡͷҲøлԼôңҶϲл·ɼ첻Ѳк󸣡
һЦ㻹˵Ѳأʱĺܺ氡С˵˵СԴôװôö˭̸𣿡
Խ͵ؾѣŮǲҪˣ취Ūȥ
һĬ˵СԴȷʵװЩҲǳС
ԽߣǣôԱˣ
һ룬ͻЦˣԭˣ˵ôҲ鵽ȫһء
һҲ֡
̲סЦӴֶ֪Ҫ˵ģҿû˵Դ˱ֳˣǻдֽʬˣ
һͷţˣóСҲˣұˡ
һ˵Ļûбֳ£Ҳδֳֵĺ棬ķӦܵķɣⷴԽ߿ˡ
ˣҪˣΪʲô㰡С˵ʲô֪ʬ¶ẦµİɣѴԽߵ֣ɶԴѽԽ߷Ůľ̫һˡ
Ķ񶾡ʺΪһĳʧһ㣬ԣʧǴͲڣֻǴԽ߿С˵˵ĳͻˡ
һķӦʲôԣôԽ߹죺ΪʲôҪ£ǿ˲ηһԺ꣬ΪվǰҲɵĹأʱĹ򡣡
ʱĹǣĲƸλȨһ֮ϣηһһ֣ҲǮʿһˡ˺ʹԽߵĲֻͬʱղͬɵӣԽҲֻǲͬʱյͨ˰ˡ
һ̾Խ̫˽⵽Ķڵͷѹôױˡ
ʣô˵ҵЩ棬ԭʲôηʿ
һ˵ҽһ׳־裬һеһ
ԣЦ֣µ䡣
ֻŮյĻЩŮˣڽԴ࣬ɲһĿ׳־
漴һ޹ؽҪ⣺ˣˣ
һֱһãܾԼӦûҪ곤һЩ
һ֪ôԼ䣬ǴӳΪ˵һ㣬ǴӵΪϵͳʼ㣬һͶùˣֻͳػش𣺡곤ࡣ
򴽣ʲôˣ
Ǿǿ˵ѳ׷䣬ֻʮ꣬һǻÿɺã
һǰ©ݣû֪֪ףܲԾغһ˵׽Щ
һͷá
Ц˽գұʮˣ
˵棬ЦʧĻȻĻйأʮ껹ûг޵ŮӣڴɲټвмŮӣֵֻ˵δŹġ۵ʦ̫ӣѰ˼ҵŮӣԸǲԸüˡ
ԼĵʲʢȴĻ£ٵҲܼ򵥣޸һ˼ɡ
ȻԷԲޣʢʱǿϻΣҲû˸˵һ֣ٸҲܲˡ
Ҳʮǰŷϳ˹ڡŮʮδޣĸķɣɼ͢ԸĸŮǴֵ֧ġ
̾Ϣһɿ촩·߳磬üҵûء
Цݣٲŵʧ䣬һ˫Ȫˮڴһллѵʶһϵѡ
һҪ˲ֻʣһ죺ⲻΪѵ֪ҵĹ磬ŮӺŮ֮䲻ֹ顢飬а顣
һ˵ʬ꣬ûܾţˣʲôĹҲжԡʳ𣿡
澪ˣ˵ǡ
һȻ˵ţǳָ顣
ʱѻȸվţ˴˴һһȹӣ뵣ͬϲ֪ʲôʱ𣬷ź죬նøʪ
ҧأǲֺ֪ĴڣʮﲻЩνӶʱҲԼǷƫΪ̵ĸ顣
ǣһ̹׵سϣ֪
ǣֻתƻ֪յ磬ҵӰŸ࿴ʱ
֪һ治ɫ·һ㲻ѹҲ֪㲻ޡ
һָ̬ǣǲޣֻΪһδɵ£ζҾһϲŮӣһܡ
Ǹ㡱֣ôҲ˵ڣЩ⻰˵һ⻰гһջԼ
һ˾ܾἰԼĸ飬ת˵ţ룬ҵܷʢһ
ȤüŶʲô
ʱһƽһ˿ƣЩȵͳʪһŷ⣬ε˵Ѿˡ
īˮҲѾȾģֽܱסīˮдʵû취ˡ
һͷŷģ̲סļһ˿ʹЦ˵ҵģȻǺõģҿдһݣӡ
Ϊһдʲôףţּģ˺ܿϧдһƺûõʱźźѾܺˡ
һͷҲǣһȥдһǡ
ԣ΢ɴۣʲô飿
һգۣŶԷ鰡ŷװ飬ҽ׼ķ֯ķȨ顣Ըҷ֯ɷݶΪ͸㣬ɷݶܺʢ⡣
̲סһֻŽʪ飬ϡɼһЩ֣ԡ
ǰĺ˵ѺãϾ֮ǰύڣһ˽ʶϿɱ˴˵Ʒкһһۣ˵ǹӮ
һĶʵʵǮǼ򵥺ˣҪһǮҪͶķվܰ׵úô
һʣֳЩɣϣΪ˿֪֯صĲ۸񶼱Ȳصģ
һͷȻұ֤ϵȲһزϺãܱ֤ҼҵµȲһصá۸ˡΪ˷֯Դ֯Чʺһֻ̨֯һ˲Чʱȵ֯ˡ
ŵؿһղűһֱ׵ĸŵѾȵ֮Ժ󣺡Ե棿
ģǱزƥļ۸ܳ¶⣬ܷתء
ҪǣĸݺʢΪƥաҺּҶڷ£ܿһ֯ʢпá
߬Ѿģûʵ飬üһ㵱Ҫң
һͷţʱôûе㿪ĵأԸͬգ֮±н֮ҪǣףӽֻΪԼ˹Юǿȡ
˶԰Ķʲô֪ͬ˵С㰮Ϊ˶ԷԼȥͶԷԿʲˣΪײ֦ͷԴ˱ģֻĵҪһ˼ģ
ܵĽﲢἰۣĸҲǽ˵İףĸϣҲĸһںԺ
þòδĸܴ˵İ֮⣬ǰֱ̹ϵŮӵİ
׷󡢵õռǻٵİͬǰһƺֻҪ˶ѡ
лԶЩ԰ףڣлл㣬һҺãչõ
֮֯Һ͵̸Ҳܸ˳Ҳٿʵڻ
һü˼ĺ仰ʵ˴ڻѵԭôԭΪԭ뵱ʱѾ˴ԽߣּܽܵŮ
˵벻ޣôĻ¾ͻϣΪǲޣֻǶԷȢѣԸҪĳŮҲԸ㱻ʢ޳ȥ
һ죬뵽Լⱻģ飬˵ϲȴЩ⣬˵ʵʱиϢ㣬㻹Ҹ˴ڻһԲӦȢˣôѡҪչˣܿܽǼҵĻ¡
һ㶣Ϊʲô񣿡
һһˮĳ˵ΪŮˡ


234 ѱ
ʱһҪӺ浥ְ§סǰܵͬѰͽһȦȦĲϡԼϰ˫һŵ۾һ˵ܡ
һ챻һΣҡͷһ죬˵ٴ治Ļ
ýԴŮˣ
˵ŮװᱻϳȷʵŮˣҲͦεŮӣڣܲμӿƿ˵ˣҪȫģӡǫȣμÿһԶҪȥһרŵķ飬ֹЯ׵Ķ
񲻿ŮˣôֻһܣǼŮѹͲ
뵽ǰȫҳɽϣڻŵ˲Ѿɽϡ
Ů˭أ
иСãδŮӣһ˶֪ʲôδķҲֻڳʱż档ǾЩصĴ˼ңֻ࿴˼ʱŻýǱ߿еĻ˿ɾ̫Զˡ
ŵԵҶӶ£ȴΪױᣬǣȫңĻ±˻أֻøȫ¡
˵ϼΨһӳǸ˲񣬶ܿΪ棬ҲΪ˱𣬻ݼԴΡ
ϾݿɱһŮݺ̫ˡ
Ҳ۴ǲֻҪŮӣôáزֱӦŻ£ŮȢޣͻᱩ¶ݡ
ݣʮ껹δȢ檣ͺܹ֣Ǿܾˣôٲ˻Ͼʮ̽ɻδǰ;ڣ˭أ
Ҳһ
˲ҽܣҲҾֻܾţܳȫҲȡ˸ʱ䡣
û뵽һĿ˫
˭ڵݾǽԴƹܽԴصһдС
ԴشˣԴصĸ·ҪץѱֺöҪ죬òƺ㣬İѱ䵽ϣɵúúá
˼죬ʣǷѾ֪Լݱʶˣ
һ˼صͷ֪ˣҵĿ޲ðˡ
ʵһֻ˵һ룬ǲڵģϾҲɱ
ϴ˸ˮ裬һõܷԼףˬ˲ͬԽֻ춼ˡ
ôŮأϲ䰡㶮ȱãŮİȥΪƶջصУôŮأ
Խһһȥûһֿܣ裬ֻŮ˲ܴﵽûв´Ļ㿴ⱾС˵ҲŮ˰ɣΪŮˣŻ֪Ů˵ŵһϣһϲ
Խ߳Ĭˣ˵013ӳһС˵ȷʵŮдġ
ԴˣԽ߳˺óʱ䣬ĸϲԽɫ˭֪᲻ðҲŮġ
һõģӶˣŮģ粻ܡ
һ۾̽һ̬ȣΪȷǲֻƺ
̽ĵ㲻ͬ̽ݣıϵһֻ֪񾿾ǲĹעǣķ֯եͷеĽ
ᵽ׬ǮӾֻ֯һ͵ͶǮϣһҪ⼸乤ܰøãΪ⼸ҵմ
ǣ֯⣬˷֯Ķң󵱼ҵȻһϾĳ
ΪṩԭϣеŵͶǮһ˸ռһֳɺ;߷Ȩ
եͷϵԼ¥⣬ԭϡ˹Ҫṩûв֡
ΪҪʢ̸УҪʢͼ̫׾¹ܼţ֯ͷȴãһּҵһЩС֮Ҵ乤⡣
˵ƺϸڣ㲻͸¶ˡ
뿪ּҺһŷ֣Լصϵͳʾ˸¡
Ǻøж10㣬10֡
10øжǼԭ15øжȵϣҲʱһ25øжȵڵڶ5øеȴڵһ
ŰɣһĬϼ乤ߵ
õʮ֣һȻһĺö˵Ǻöϵͳ˵һЩ۵δӻ硣
ϵͳ̵Ҳ棬߲һܶ࣬Щһ˵õĵȴ߼ۡ
磬ˮһٻһƿһþ󲿷ԶԼøСֱǹ⻷֮ԼԽĽɫӵһˣһһ
ЩõĵߣһǾЩ˺õӡϡѧҩʺ
һ߱߰ѶһĶԼ޿ռﻮûע⵽мϡ
Ϊˮ·ʪһϴ軻ϵĸɾѣǲ÷˽˶ƵģϡʽǽԴõģһʱ֪١
׻˵˿װһ뿪ʱҲ̲ס࿴˼ۣûѾ˷һɶĿ
ˣ˵ˡ
Ӻȥȴһ⸱磬ֱӿֱۡ
ˣҲһ㶣漴ĬĬرȽϡ
۶գһµؿһָһŮıƯˣҪףȢؼң
ôǵķԣǴӴԽ߳һ߶˵һѴԽק
ֻϧԽĴһ겻Ҳһ
⻰ȻǺǱŭϲʹغǳˡ
һѵñĵΪ仰صռкﻯϲǿڵ⣬ǻˣǵƿٸҸȢң
һ𾪣ʲôһ
úˣֻ˴ջӣȢŮ䣿
ǣһͿһŸռӵ10øж˻ȥ5㣬ǰ5㣬ֻܹ10㡣
еûףɶһ
ӽ˳ǾͲȥˣһ·ţϾֻĺӺһԹԼΪһǸ롣
ȵ˴ڣһжɣûٴ⼸һ֡
źӻ˼ңԽԽԽԽģڳſڿһʱľޣıһֻ˹ӡ
ǣһŭ֮£ˣ޼ҶŶ
ǰһ컹Ϊ·һڱýŶڼſڣʼҪΪԼĻ·ˡ
ϸҪȥͱϲЦտýסһٺѣѹִδŮҪһذѿ˵Ļףʲôɿǰ;·һĴڡ
ϼǵԼŮֻ̫εƿýŵ֣С˵˲޾ǲޣһǶλذɡ
ýһۣӣô˵ģĸ֮ý֮ԣֻҪ㶨Ż£ŮϵģϣѹϻҲϣ
ʱֳִ񵶵һ߳ͬɲ׹ߣǼˣҿ㣬ܵظҵϲƿɺã
ýŵôһԺܣһһߴУɱ̼Ůɱ
ֽڳһ˵ıʣ㵱ң
һͷҲ̫ԼˣֻǴһҺ㣬ѹʶ㣬Ҳ㡣
һܾĻѾֱˣȴֻΪǲ˼
ΪһֻǿǲϲŮ˶Ľ٣˲ƸȨơλŮ˲Ż᳼
ǳٵŮˣǵָǰĻݲſպǻΪۣҪŮ˹Թֱ֮ġ


235 
ͷϳһңȥҪҪȨƱһ
һĸŮմýţӭ˽ˡ
һлΪʽ˵أΪɣ˵ǽĽ˵Ǯ
һĸŮǵǮһߵȱʳȱӣȫټŮӵĶأ·˶ʮֵظɻֱȴĴҪᡣ
¼ȫ崫ȥˣϵĸĸڱĴҲ˵ˡ
˿ڿɲ٣ϱƼһ磬һܵܡ
ڳɻƽʱѵûׯСͽҸĸһסͽڸס
˲Т˳͵ֵ÷ּңȫ˰ȥ˳ס˼ǳˡ
ֻ꣬Լӻؼ͵ʳ⣬͵Тĸˣһ˴ϼס
С˽ûٺͼ˲ТϵĵӶϡ
ֱ⣬û֮ȴһֱ˼Ů
ڽԴ˵һĸŮ¼һʼûӦԼúŮʲôͳһַŶ˼䣬ԽǶĸŮԽϤⲻһ
˶ǵĽһҹ˺ӣֻԼ֪ڳĿж
ǰϼңԴסУֻдǮ࣬ԾͳԼֵʳ߲ˣסϼӣпȡ
ɵȽ˳ǲŷ֣һĿڣ̵ֻףҲҪ壬ȻҲɣﶼ㡣ס˵ˣũ壬˼ұûٻģÿµΪⷢ
иѣһԴؿɱׯˣׯһʱҲܺüȦԴҪӶŵţ߿̫Զˡ
ԽһҿڳŹʵпֻԼ֪
ڶ෬󣬽ȷһʵǾĸŮˣڴӵаĶ𳤹
ǣ겻ؼҵĽˣι겻ԼˣЯȫһԲ
ǽЯŮһؽңҪĸŮùѪͷδĴӻؼңæǰæ󣬿˼ꡣ
С˱ͽ˺ѣȴСӲǻİɡ
ֱᵽϣʶýôؼҹ꣬Ǻͳ̶ɺ
ûзӵŮˣǾӦûصңϸΪ
ʱ򽭼˻֪ĸŮˣׯϢ罭ڳһġԻ͡¼ţͷ죬ûǸ۵ãһ˼ңźӺɷ룬ǰǿҪҹģ
ûŮҲûãԷԷкҳԷ
һȻ˵ı飬֪õ컯ҪǮȥˣţԼһ͵͵ȥҶýá
û뵽һԷأھ˵겻شĽ˻ˣæ֣ġô׬ǮĽûТˡ
ԭҲӻش˿е֪һͣ*֪Ϣ
˶£ܶôˡ
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ǣǰ죬˺ƺƵׯԻ̽ĸŮ
ЦǣǴӴһ·˾ҫŮǮҲֺŸǡΪڴ˵УϴŮңܽ赽Ǯ˵˱һ˸Ůˡⲻ֪Ǯǽҳġ
һںͳһջһ߲ˣо¥˸
ͻȻ洫һ߳ͼԺﶫһһţûͰˣֶܶš
ס֣һŽϼˣΪ׵ı˾ˡ
¶ϲı飬һӴСѽ㶼ôˣ˾Сʱ򻹱أ
Լĳݣһʺãⲻ֪һ粽ǰֱӰѶĩβһСӸһСƨϡ
ûأ㶯ҵĲˣô򣡡һ¶ŭ۾Բ촽ŵСһ˳
С˵ϱǰ̣һ§ӣŭһһƽʲô㻹ǵģôִܵܵģ
һ̲˵ĸزĵѵʲô𣿡
٣ƼôŮģСһŭˣŭ
ߦȳڴ󺰣ôŮܣ㣬û̺ܽ㣬ҵʧְŮܽӣøж²ǣ
ϱǸӣǮ㡣
˼ܵÿ쳳ˣϽվȰͣϺˡ
ϺʹĹϵǲģ˱꣬Сʱ򣬽˾Ѿ͵һɻչ˵ܵˡ
Ϻͳ̼ǶϸɾˣҲû̼һδһΣҲгӵԼֻ̼ܱû
˭뵽һ̼ң˸ҡҪǣһǽϵˣнͷڣһТ־ѹˡ
СɫÿæȰã⻰˵ҲԣĺҲ֪԰ѣѵ¾ͺãģǶվˣȥɣޣҶþûˣï²ǵСóɶˣï˰
һһŮӽïѧˣСŮʮ꣬ĳﷻѧŮ졣
ЩڽԴɣһλʦãѧ˵˵ı£һ˰ᵽԶ˻ɡϸڵһλｻãŮȥѧŮ죬黭ָ˼ҲѧĶŮʵöˣպżҡ
ϼǰɫЩΪԴСǱȽº͵ġ
ڴ࣬йѹǮϰߣǸСӵģһŮʮ弴Ϊ꣬ʮڣһ㶼ǲģǼҾԣر׽
ӽҲûϵû
˼С൱òϾ͹ؾءЦݵغСùãǰ߶Сã˵СʱܸɽҰˣһֺɫĹӣＯ˺þòҵֹӡ
Ҫô˵ֲЦأ˵ûӵ˳
ǽϵˣԭˣһ˼̬ȻУ㲻鷳Сһңлһ˿ɻ󣺡ʲôҺؼҲס춼ǸˣڻҼң
СεصͷһΪͷŸղżͲˣʱվȥһĶ䡣
ûһ̱һһְڵء
Ӵ췴Ůˣһ󺿽Уȫ˶
һַſֵȶֵġ
ʲôţûûС㵽ôŮģͷȥˣվָϡ
ΪԼվΪ곤ˣȨ˸ɣû뵽һƲһۣҼң͵ҼҵĹأȻǴĶĶȥ
ˣһ˵ҪŮģͷҲҪѵһȴһͼв
˼״ηͲûˣǰһסһ׳Ӵ׳ǯסһЦ˵ǱϾ⹫ģһ˺ڳܣȥ˵Сѽ˵ġ
ڽԴɿȻ˵ʵĶͦ׳˶ģҲǵ͵ǿ׳
˵һֻǯһ
һѿи򵥵İ취ɻؿŽˣˣŮܲףĪף
һ㶣ɿ֣һ˿һһֲҪĻҲ˵óֻ𺦵ֻһԼɣ
һĶںʲôܶĵˣĿľС
üһһֵˣҲװˣǸ꣬ûģ˵ɣ׸ˣ
ˣҲû䵽һˮȣͱһˣһңСȻ࣬ڳ￴ɫӵģȻԹɫתȥС˵ˣ˵ķǸ£ǰǶԲĸŮڻڳ̬벻Ҫ޺һ˵Ĺϵˡ
Ҫһ˵϶ǲ޺õģһû˿顣һ۽ϣȻе˲ʵֻߣϻάֱϵպ˵ĵطҲ߹ϵ
ǣҲûѵһˣڴҶװģʼѺ󣬷˸ۣǽݺȿڲˮ
˶죬ԭȵʹǰôּҵĲҶһЩʧԺһ⼸ֲ䷽ҩݣůθҩЧ
˴ͶһҶһˮζüȲ
۽ߣʮִдĲˮǶǿüҶġ
ЩҶǽģΪڲ԰£˼Ҳ԰͵սһأƽĸŮȣȲꡣ
һŲ㣬΢΢ۣǺò谡ƹĲźȵ裬ҳݺнû뵽ֱ˾͸ǺˣǱ
˿ϧᶼҪˣоӱŵĶֻ޲ڽЩҶ
᲻÷²裬ƷŲ裬ȷ˽ĸŮڷһˣȻܰѺọ̀˷һԽС˺ͽͷ̬ȣ˾Ͳ֪Լôˡ
ϵˣÿиТѹͷϣȻڵöͻڿһҹúã̱ıνá
һʹС֮ǰĲΪ˵Լһסö¶֪飬ʱһĸŮԴ϶ˡ
λ˵Ѳݸ壬һҺ˼һԺӣܹ䷿һ䣬СŮҵС˯һĸŮأ
СȻҪ˵ʱ֪ϺģΪֻ˵棬Ͼû˵ļŮ˸ͷҽаġҪ˽ϣԺ̼ô졣
һǺͷӦЩˣͽϴкȥɻˡ
ȻĸŮСңһж˵㡣
ͷ˵һۣǲ
˺Ͱؿϣð˲԰£ǲ԰ףҼïҲ֪ڳѧ˿˵ı£Լģ֣Ȼ㱻۸ȥ
ܾɲҹܣǶҵ˷
֪԰ּˣֱϧûʸĻᣬʣǼҵĵأһĶأʳнԼ˰æɡ
ϻѣСģԼͶˣƽ˶Ϲ˻
СֹСѾͷƬӶʲôֲʶһ˱ˣ
Сֹ꣬ͷֿʼָ㽭ɽΪֵߵһڣ϶ˣҵģСŮˣЩҲҪ䵽ϣˣֱӶ۵ܣôԼˣպСż۸ˣǮеأõ
⻰ڽϳǰҲƵģ˳̼ҵĲǮȴֻһϲױҾ߶ûУ޹ȥͱ̼֡
ʱôţƺҲǸѺõĶҵֵܣպֵܲΪ
Ȼöܸһֱͦ˵ĵΪʲôĵֱӸҪϹֵܣԴֵܵĳ
ԽԽͻȻŮΪʲôһżʯˣȵַʱܿġ
һ˵ϲûˣ˵ʵô꣬лңΪ̼˲ҹҹΪ̼˸̼ȥţ
һһֻΪ
ǰܶԳ̼˲Ϊڳ̼̫ã͸˳̼˵Ŀҳ̼˶ųԶ׼ģǰ˹ߣԼǳ̼ˡ
ҾͲһˣĵСʱҲûжùֳҲɽҰժҰЩõĲ֡
ΪˣϲŻôһϣΪѪ׻ǰġ
Ҳȫԣ٣ԼѪףǰġ
һ޵Ļýϳ׺ģѲ豭һģν˶ϵһס졣
ǲö˵ˣŮҲһ֮ҺСļҵߣͱײˡ
ͷҪ𣬾ͱ˰ס֣̾ãǲ˼Ҳ֪ӣ˵ȴʵⲻǣСҪˣˣķȻǻѵĸŮļҵصס𣿡
ʱ˿ԭŮ˵ĴˣͿЩСˣһӣĸŮҪ˼ǵļҳΪ˭ķ˭ĸƭҼҵģһǶɣպ󿴼Ҳʶ
˸Ҫ˵ʲôвĿ⿴磬ڳϹӦּ֪ҰɣҼСںЩƹ⣬֪УûƹͶңأ
һ̲סô£òǸҰ帾ô˵
֪ǲһЩס԰ôũũﻹصϲũЩϲũеϣеĴ壬ǽϲǿӲѹס԰
һǶ˴죬ڽҲûֵãʹǿûڽѺøˢСһңֻܾԼĴڸС
ˣһҲûֵκκô᲻÷ĸŮ⣬Ϊ˲ӣֻάֱѺãżȥ˼Ͷá
С˼һĴ綼ˣҲûſڳ˺öˣһũߣǵ̫Ѻã·ǸˣᣬһͻץͷΧŹһ㡣
ˣϲ˿ΣӦûŮ˰ɣ


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˻ػׯʱΪʡ緹ûԣ߼Сʱɽ·ʱӶˡ
˼Ӷ£С˼ҵܺӣһ·һ·޼˻ҪִοĽš
˿Լļ˾ͷ꣬¶õԺǲҪȥŶһңΪǣҶˡ
ͷŭӣӿȥŪԵѾͷˣҺӽа塣
ǰͷˣصϼң̲Ǳٸ£öúһңҿɲ뱻ۣʱҾҲˣǾָܹһӰɡ
ͷԴӣֻ˸һ˫ǵң⿴ݣһСͷϴ󰡣˵ȥＸ£궼ء
װģ˵˵ʲôҪǺͽϽãŽĸŮĲƸһڳҵ˵Ļƣһ˶ȥ
˵ĻӦԽĸŮ׽⣬ӦûټʶһûȥسǼεĽ㹻ˡ
˱һһ㶵ģæͷ˵ˡ
˾ڼסˣΨһˬľǽСˣΪλãһڼ˯
СȻľߣò˵ȫΨһһľǽˣҲһֱΪϴ⡣
˾õƫСܣԼΪҸ࣬ģͼ˷ּҰȥ˳ҲΪѰĻᣬһӸũԷũ
С˾õƫ磬ּʱôǮҪԼϣԴΨΨŵŵȫ˺ϢһҲͷ͵Եģʵʵڵûһ㡣
Ϊ⽭С˵ټŭϣİԺǱ߾ȥ߶˹ܲס죬Ǿ͹סԼȣʵ뷨ǹߡ
ǣһͽϹһгĴڡ
Ϧҹһž۵ʱ򣬽ͺڰӣ̽ӣĸŮԲ꣬кĳһԡ
һҸɻЩŮǣ󲿷мҵģûȥ꣬ǰ͸Ƿżˡֻ޼ҿɹĹŮѸɻ˵ԼҪݼ١
һЩ޴ȥ͸⼸㹤Ǯ˫㡣
ģǽס޼ҿɹŮˣһҹ
ϰ֣һôٻһҲ֣ϲ񲢲һҲ
ûһ̸۵һ߰ѹӿµõǵɷ򡢳ֻЩ޿ȴԼŮˣǲôԷҲæѾ
һӲˣֻΪԼԣٵˣ˶ǹ̵ġ
һһ϶ø֣ҿҲп
㣬ĸŮԽԽÿСܳһˣ֪ĸи˲ܡ
˵Ļû˵꣬ϾȷɣҼСԼи޲ޣøˡ
ŮǶһۣ̲סЦΪЩֻЦҲǾе
ڹ󣬳½½صɻһķ֯ͷҲֽ
һԼҳպʵģڵĳǱɸѡʣµıȽϺʵģһЩһʱѻת˵ģһˣʣµЩŮˣǶҲġ
ֵغͰ﹤һһɻǩЭ飬һйܣҪϹٸġΪɷĲƣһΪԼ汣ϣͶϸ
ϸҪȣһĹǮҲ൱񣬸һкö˱ǿʵϸϸϸ
һһҪˣѡ˼ʮˣֻʣʮ˸֣ڼﻹͷţܰæɻȻʮֲֵ
ҽ꿪ʼɣϵֳͰĴģֳҲҪ;Ҫࡣ
ȫеĿ׵ŮһѾˣдкĻƣһȫûҪ͵˼
ȫвȥĴУٲãȥҲС
֮ûȿŮˣΪԴҪ漰⣬еͬԵס
Ϊˣ֮Ĺרŵӣ˿̽ߣѡַнһȥء
һΪһֳ̫࣬ǰЩΪͬ˺͸׵Ǵ治Ϻ߶ͼģθôʹˡ
ڵܿһѡ˵أһͽϾͿʼ˽ΪǵŮûеطסеΪסһ˼Ѿһʱ䣬ҪǰеĹǮַ⣬һڽͬʱ˴ԱᣬȻǺܴһ䷿ͨ˯˵ʮˣԱסڱ˼Ҿ͵úǼҵŮټһݵŮ˵ֱҪ̫ãסǮȫܴһݵĶŮˣȫ˵·ñܻˡ
ڽһȸţȥŮˡ
е˵һġӢ¡¼Ϊ治ǹ̥йթƭ˼ҵŮƭȥҤҲ۲ĹǮֻŮ˼֣Լ
һڸϤĴеʵŮ൱ѡ
֮ǰй˳ΪнڣԵãĳ¿ףȫҲȽŵùɵ棬ûʶһĻҶš
һйȥֻеŮͲʮֻΪǵļΪһ˷ӣԾͰһ
üܵܣôຢӣһ뵽ľŮóһ㣬ҪѲʳҲܻٲ񣬸ɴͻСõҲ˺ڣӶ׬Ǯõĵôġ
ѿһһҲѰϳô죬䱻ߣ簲ȥɻ
ˣҲͱĹ˲һǩ
һˣýǣһ𣬲һʮְͼڳϽԼĴڡ
ţһ·ׯׯ˿ڲ٣ȻҲڽԴأȽϱԵ¹ء
ʱѾ뿪ׯŮϼңĸסһȷʵŮϼңż˱¡
˵ŮнȳССһ꣬ʱڳﴷ·ȻѾˮɱ䣬ֳ˲ٶʮʮ֡
һţ壬׵ϴ·һȥ
ܵǰϴŹֺõЦզˣ
Դһ׺ͱҪĸԼϵĹϵͬ常һͬգãĸһб
ʣ㽭ǽ׵ãȴѾΪףΪŮСա
ɼжҪֻϧڴ࣬ϲûŮԼյȨںȨҲ޷ʹá
һҴУüӱ
ܿĿڣãҪؼȥү̽л
һҡͷǻؼңŮɻ
۾һð죬ҵ϶ԸæƽʱҲ£еģ
һûоܾЩûи͵ײȷʵʡ
һһߣܻ֪ͨʸһĻˡ
ȻģȻׯӽǶ֪һ˵ľҪϼˡ
ڼ佭С˵ϱˣԼܲȥȻһھܾСһҶһĸŮԼû𣬾ͱȥԼҲʹˡ
˲죬һڼſڿ˽ĶʮˣоȻ˽˵Ů
˵ҪŮɺü˵ҸŮôˣ


237 
ܶ£һӱĮֺýϲǹؼؾǣԴϣȶԴԼ׵ﻹȣһ
ĶʮһȫգЩɻģһҪģֻڹؼλϣᰲЩˣһЩĲժ֣ԼЩ԰ǡ
˵һķ֯ҪĹ춼ڲ𿪿ΪԷһǽ˿̽ߡ
ͬʱһԼĪʮˣΪ飬ÿĻ鲻һÿ鸺ĻֻйһǱ˴˲֪ọ̈̄ö֪Լʲô̸йˡ
˵ãһϣ΢ȽϷġ
һҲǣֻΪҳϡܵıϣ˵һҪū澣˱Ž๤ÿѲ߼ûڸɻʱ͵ö⡣͵񣬾ýȥ̸
һ߹˺ܴչԼҲȥسǣ׼㱨񹤷Ľȡ
ϴûжϵֻΪʱͨͨѶֻƵȫ崫Ϣ˻ɡԼÿѮ̶ʱ¹ż棬ϵĿΪߣıȵȡ
ʱһѮһԴأ˳һĻǡ
һҵĻǹӦȵ˳жĵطиҵĻš
ֻ¹͸һԤĻȫȥ¹ţ¹ĺԺ˾ֱ϶¥żˡ
һΪԼˣȴû뵽ż͵ˡ
һƹߵǰѾݺò裬һЦôǣ·һ˰ɣ¥ãҲС
ŹرյһȻʱȫڳЪϢ
Ǻϻ˵ĹϵһҪ¹ϢòͣԵʮֻӭ
ϴһԼĪû棬ܻһ˵Ļÿ뵽һȥ˯š
Ҫܾһ˿Ͳģˣȷʵһһ˿˵ĸ顣
Ҫβ׵ĸ鱻˷֣µĲ֮ͬ˷ֺų⣬ݣǽһⲻ˽ǣУʱһɾҲ޷ˡ
ʣһú˵ʱ
ϲͿعһҲϲʵĶһҪҪɱʲôϵúһ˵
˹͹ˣϵ²඼ߺˡҷԸ¥һһԷ
żǶģƽʱڣƹͻҲŸˡʣһʲôʱǣϢòͣѾǰԸƹ
깤²豭һɫƽʣ깫£̸̸˽°ɡ
һһ㶣˽£ɻĿ⿴ȥʮֹɡ
һ˼һֱӣﰵʵ̫ˣ˿ģ
˵Ķʳģ
һͷȻģҶ㲻鲻飬ǰ顣
һֱ׸еΣͬʱһ˿ϲϲģ£Ҳϲ޷׽ɿص£һֳļᶨƣǡǡġ
˵֮䲻ֹΪͬԵ谭֪֮˭*Ժ˵׼塣
壿һţ˼롣
ǸΪ˱˻õˣ»ǣϣһھΣţҪʲô£Լеһк˻ǣ޹ˣҲı뷨ֻڳǰܵ취ѽϵժȥ
Ҳ¡һʶôие־ʱйڷḻ־һĿǰΪֹֻķʱܹһΡ
۲һı飬ȷһ治£ǳǿ̾˿ڣ֪ҵĸݣ
һͷʶһỤ̊ƾһ֮סҵϽҷչøΪ׳ʱʢȨʱ
Ц⻰٣ȷʵ˽ĸ֪ΪŮ֮ǰλȥķҵ游˭
һɻ游˭Ҫ˽һЩСһλǿ游û˻ȥĸ˭
һǸɻı飬̲סЦͬ˵°ɡ
˵µĿͷһλС㣬ΪǶŮȢ˺öҶɼǸ׵⣬ɴҶ˵ֻɸײϵ檣λСС˸׵ңǶûкӣеı׶ݰ˼죬ͱ
ĸʼնֻһӣΪΪֻ
˵һѾµµ˹ĸݡ
ټļҵûж̳УݵĸȻòУֵֶҪôëԼѺӹ̸ԼĶӼ̳иүӵļҵҪôԼȢ˸ݣ˳ҲõҼҵ
ү֪ܲЩ˵ĴأģԽǿжˣԽںѪЩֶǱ˵֣ԼŮˣȴŮ˻Ĳ֡
ǣүӰϣﱲϣµжļ̳ˡ
˶ãһ˳𸵼ң϶ΪүӴС⣬ʵүӴûݣĿһֱǸݵĶӣԼܳӡ
ɲɣڸ뷽跨Ҫѡһ׸ʱһӱĹӸǸŮע⡣
磬ݿҲȥԳƼھǵ٣òĸһ飬չ˷׷
Ÿֻ׸ʱҲڸŮǰˢøС
ܿ죬ҸŮ⣬ʵԸ˵˭޹ؽҪ
˳ɻ飬ûøݾһжֻϣһŮǸ尲ĸס
ڸ尲ûãҳˡ
ĸŮԽԽ˳ۣΪŮǰŮɶڸΪδֵܳĳϱ˱жȻԽԽ˳ۡ
үӰ⣬ϱأΪݳ͢ûٻȥ߶Ϊ׸ʵϸ
òظ渵үӱȥ̸⣬;ɽɱԽһȫ촦
Դˣش·岮ԸݵжΪɣļҲҪ¸ҡ
ҲʱƾԼΨһŮܵȥ״Ϳл´㣬û˱ļҲ
ЩҲǱ岮ǹϷֺģƫƫҲǱݸչ׳ĸңǱүֵµĸҸǿ
һΪ½ˣһ丵ݼᶨǿȴ룬һ仰Ҳˡ
ʵҲ֪ǣǳɽӰһѹû
˱ҵ游磬Ҳ磬ӦýĽϣַ𡣡
һ֪뱾Ľݣ֪ĽǴĹա
λĽϣºͻѲ˸ϵ
ֹѲ˸ϵű˵Ļʵۣ¶ңȻҡһ䣬Ǹҵ׸
Ľϵ˽Ӳ٣౻ΪؽˣΨûϵġòע⣬ɵʱǻʵֻۣү̫࣬רưԵĸǿƣ̰ݵòȴҽΪңҲ˽Ӽ⡣
ǣ˰ɽһ˰үȫɱˣԼһƵĿȫǵʬѿǡǰĽ϶ʮ£ĸ»رʵǲջؼңϱӦˣݳ͢ʵԼںֵλ
µˣҲ֪ȥǸ޹ؽҪɷүδǻΪۡ
ͳڣĽˣһżʱĻʺ̫ȥ̫֪ԭĽϷиңݾȻһһŮⲻǻӺ͹ֻûв⣬㡣
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ǣ̫˸һ·ݵĺӿԲһܱ¶Ѫݣңÿýɸ̫
˵թǸȡһĿռ䣬Ҳ̫Ƕ˵Ƥ
ҿԸ̫ǮΪ̫ͻʵ£ǣ̫Ҳøüĺôص⣬ȹӪĶԽ
ǣһŮˣһ˼¢˼ݸһĴСҵ
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Ľ룬̫ȻΪɱӾɵΪ˱Կ̫
ѾµĽˣȴ֪òö֣ǣ̫࣬óȻ֣ҲԼŢ
ЩһϣһȨ⣬ǲͬǾغܣǵС⡣
ʵðգͬһԼǳСһ˰ԼܶԷڵȶԷĻӦ
ڶģһΪܣ˲ɣҲᱳ
һûĹͲẦ
ԣʵľ˾ˣһı⡣
Ȼʴʮ겥ֵʮ꣬ȴһڴͻҲϡ档
ͷҵݱϣϸ˵ǵġ
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ĸǸ尲ȻʵŮŮܶǲģֻΪвΪԹȨֻ˵רĸ׶ֻǻȨĸƷһЩĹӵ˱ȴΪĻ°ˡ
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һȻҪ࣬ǾͲηηβҪվ̫ߣȫ벻Ǻö̫ҲǣֻԼȨƣš
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˴治ĻÿţκһȥǻԴġ
ˣֻ𺳺ͺ£ɳ֮⣬˫˵һ˿һ˷ܣ˷˵Ҫֲҿ϶ԼҪĶ˷Ҫһ


238 
õԼĴ𰸣·𲦿ǰԼһ·Ϊʲô
ӦһʱС㣬ˡ
һ׵дǰᵽݣ뱩¶ضԼ
ֻû뵽ô죬ûٷúúһԶٷ
װһٿȥûôҲǸͨϰյģͿĨЩƵķĩԵʹʮ꣬ҲܴﵽαװĿġ
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ԲǣһԸоӱһΪһΪͬһӪ
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һˣϵĺƲסлֱ˵ɣ޷ǾϣҸǵ⿪ţˣ붼룬Ҿܾ
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һִˣԭΪŮΪ˾ŮϧԼļ֣ѡͶܾŮĸ߹٣վӵͬʱԭǡǡǴԽߵϲ顣
ڵΪһܸ֪һǽ䱸
һ˿Σܣֲ죬ƾʲôΪܣֻû˾˵
Ŀǰ֪ܵģֻڵˣΪթԼģⲻ֪ǰôģһĽĺıˡ
ҪЮͶ̫󵳣Ͼڽ֮ǰԼ̫󵳣̫󵳣ȻҲᱻƣ̫һ
ɵԼȡĶΪˣҪ񣬳ΪԼĵһ֮ˡ
Ը˭£ᱻ񣬼ˣѡһַʽ
Цҡͷ˼ˣǴδԴвʲôֻС㣬ҺҲˮһʱҲǴδ˴˹Ůװð»ɱͷĴһ˶ܣͬ˵ˣѰԲߡ
ǶҲδԴҪЮ㣬ֻǺ棬ʲô˸ð
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ֳҵļ˶ɽϣǻɽӰȥ٣ֳķ֪Ԯû뵽Ŷȥ
ûԴεֻǸͨˣм֪ʸ񡣾ٰ統Ҳֻضʱ򣬲л֪
Ϊˣֻҹͣشõȡ֪Ƕ˵ϻ֪ɱ˷ˡ
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ڽһְֻΪ˸ַ̬˸ı䡣
СͰö飬ϼҲŵڣŮ޲űǵ£仰岢ҪŮûвѧ˵ŮûвѧǾ͸иеƷ¡ӦϾе±ǲţԢ˸Ʒ¾õĲܡ
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ʱѧμҡĵгһ˹٣϶ҪΪⲻ֪ԽԽһŮǲƿ˵ģҲܵ١
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ĻһĬţȴƣãŮвӵ뱧ҲС㡣
ᵽȣ׵лǾңָлҿԼҲرǣ򲻿ְȨǡ
ҡͷϴ˲ҪرǣǾ㣬ҲΪԾȣּңּһ١ңˮǱǣһĪҪƽðʧ
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һɮ붨һ㣬ֻרעԷ޽ύ˼ȥȡ
ЦǰŸ˵㣬棬ΪֱԺã࣬ѵһĸĸ٣ʱ棬һӻ˶õƷ¡
ֱ֪Ů֮ҲԭͬһŮӣѹֻõƷ£ҲΪݣ֪ҲǵŸ׽ĳĳӵߣҲͬһ㣬Լó֮
һƳ¹ŮӰˣҲΪ֪Ҳǹһ˶ռռף
΢΢üֱԵҲռӵλãֻǱƲѡ
ȵڳֻˣӣϴ˿ԲСֺá
ŭɴ۵ʲô˵ֺãöеûֺ˭
ҲǴһǼѧ˵㶫״˵ǧǴŮ˶ˣξ飬ǮƺȨΪжֻҪЩͻвǣ㻹ҪԼΪȲѣΪΣ
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ֹ˵Լλߣɻ˵ڣԼúЦλߣĻѵԼλߣͬһѧϰĲѧֳֳֳͯѧϰ飬Ϊֳֻȥȡߵǰ˵İķУλߣΪܹЩͿһİգ
˲Ϊ仰಻ͬ˼ÿһ壬ףԼӪԼǮƣԼʹȻЩǮơȨҲϣΪԼأ
һжû˽йˣ
ŵڣ䲻һȡַܣΪ׽˲ֱĹ׽ֱֻӽСã󣬼˾͸ϰ߽
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ȡõõȨΪʲôҪ±ΪֳˣѵҪ¾
ŭɢٱϰ壬һϯʤʮ飬ĳܽʶϰ壬ĳ֮ҡ
ϵЦȱӦϴΪ£Դ˵аŮʵ˽Դ֮ңǾһ
һٱҲžٱҴԴֵũ˾ϴһÿϽũߣȥӵũ˵ũߣջͼӹЧϴӢ
һ˫ž޲ĺû濴ǳ鶯𣿡
ôоһڿأ֮ǰǿһԼϽũߺͼֽڿ˭


239 Ϊ
˼У֪ʲôٲΰ˵һٷǴӺ뿪ġ
뿪󣬴Խ߾ȻˣڸˣѾĳѾвŮˣŮģѽ
һⷴʣⲻԼҲŮˣϣŮΪǱϲ𣿡
Խ߿챻һʱˣҲϲ뿴ˣ뿴Ů֮ҵѾˣҾ뿴ŮԼˮҪĶҵľ˵˰ɣ
һĬҲû˵ʲôѽôԽ߾ͱˡ
һǴӴԽߵĻҵ˵õϢԽ֪ܿ࣬Ĵ󲿷ƽ񶼿ֻ࣬дԽ߿֪࣬㴩Խߵܿ࣬ɻṩһЩֵĶʱȴĿ࣬
һ̽˴ԽıɽһǣĲ֣ݵԼ⣬ĲѧƷһЩҡһ䱩¶Աڣ޸ע⵽013磬Ҳע⵽˱013ӰƷ
棬ʱϵ01379ϵͳߡ
Ҫִ߽𣿡
ãܿͻǿؾ鲻⣬Юߵˣʲô
ƺǾͨǸˣѾƻ˺üľˡ
ֳҷִ˺ͬÿ綼һŮమ᲻ǼŮŻƻ飿

޸ֵڲ²һ⣬˵ΪԼȡȡҲԣΪÿమ˲ŮŮ̸ֹʲôأ
ô˵޸һһ¸һʹ
ǲˣΪִߵʵԶеᱻʶų⣬˵׼սȥͱ߳ˡ
޸ֶģΪǻӣӰĽɫһǶɵۣʱȨ֣ʲôءһʱǲԸһҲʹþǿȡᡢԵǿưĽ֣޸⡣
޸ֵİǴδһ뵱ϻʵۻôΪǸΪڴһ⽨ƹŮ˵ϻλ綼ܣοǹŴ硣
ûдԽߵϢ޸޷СҲֻͨѧƷжС緢ʲô
Ĺ۲ӳٵģһСþ֮ܶ󣬲ŻͶӰʱٻкܴпһ죬һСһ꣬Ϊһʱ㹻һЩ߽һ¼д
һ̸Ѿȥһ£һÿ¹̶νʱӣΪиʱ͸Ҳƥ̸
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Ҫ֪Щ˼һϴǸλˮѶȸߣҪڸϵζ˼Ҽϴ࣬ҲϲʹƤĶ
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󲿷˶Ǳű˲ռײռ̬û뵽ûؼһԣͦáķʪ·ĵطһĨȻץ·꼸£۾ʧˣʵ棬һЩ趹Ǹ㣬²Чǿ
ʱһĿһ룬ȴʮ־ˡ
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ˣ۳˰պֵܷһϵǮҲ١һǮԤճ͹ǵĹǮʣµǮȥء
ҪǱݱز٣бԭֵܳսʳҪġ
ֻϧȫĵؼûˣȻҲۣΪһԴгǳƣҵĳָϹеĵǿһҲһضռˣĵϷǵ棬ŽԿһ
һҲȫûеأСƶʣɽԶף˾Զס
ͨһй¶ԼΪط£˺ܿëԼԸȥһأһɫغң׬һʲۣɱڳǮ졣
ÿĶصļǮ˿ܻ鱨ģһȴƣװգ߽ܰѼǮѹʡǮһԶĽ
Ķˣһɻֽڿ죬һסţһһùá㣬ҶҲͦڱҳԵú˯úãɻҲԼҸɻɡ
Ҫ֪ңҲҪ壬Ȼѵ˼ң͵ƶʮַѾʡŸ罭ï˱á
иԴǳŸб߶ʲôΪױȴֻǶױȴǰı£ƾԼı¹ϻȴָֻǵױ޸һȷˣϣδƷȥ
簲ȣȴҪһȥġ
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ԣԸܺ͹ùñΪһˣʵʵǱͺˣ޸磬ˡ
ɺ־뷨ܺЦǱ磬ô޽ĻɾȫˣǱĻùúʱ򣬲ñ֧һǱ磬ôڵļȫýĽû޸ˡ
һһϽģһڳѹ֣ʹֺùùúͱ㡣
ǰһһ׬ǮĻᣬȻŹӽǶԭȻܳ˶ĲۣһĶܶ׬ϰģҪ֪ɲֹһĶأһĶǵ־׬ʮӣǰ󻨷ѵʱ䲻£Ʋסļ
ʮӣ̻Լǲļױࣿ
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һĻȥˣؼͬѣ˵۸̫ˣһѾ˴ʵʵļǮǲԭһͲˣ̸õеǲн˵ģԽԼһǮȥһˣز
ԼڳԸȥĴֵءЩһʱҿɲףǴ󲿷ûбǻߵĵأҲʲôϵǸ岻óֵأֲȥ
һ˭ȥ˻ˣ֪ԼŮƭϽѹ͵ԭۣŮһôһˣȡչûйҲпͣôøȷѰɣȻԼڳĻûɣһǸ壬
Ȼʵʵ˵ȥһ˵Ը⽵ۣһĶܶ׬һģһʮĵĲ۲һٶĶؽӣȥٰһʮĸѣҲġ
æǰæֵǮȣʮ죬׬ģԼԭĻء
֣಻ԣ룬᲻һһĹϵöӶϣȥһã˵׼ԼҶмɫջһ
ïȥһҰݷùһΣͱͻˣ״޹˵˵ޣҲӣҲû취ܲô˯һݰɡ
һ˯Լһ䷿ڳǺ͵Ｗһݣ絥һݣжĽˡ
ΣýïȥһҽõĴգȫҵϣ˽ϣǽҪġ
֮󣬽˾ֻܽ̽ôȥͱ˽ۻۣô͸˴򽻵ڼδŮӣĴͷ¶棬Ӱ
ɽĹʲôǮҪģûŮÿһҸɻһӻؼڳɻĽïһһأֻѧͽ
ʵԶֹһӣǲǮؼңܲڱңִˣˣҲסֻסǮԼһ㣬һ㡣


240 
˵һ˲δκεԼ󣬵ǵĵÿﰵµʱ򣬱ٷʵõ;
Ҫ֪֮ǰϲȥ٣ΪһȥԩԼȰһƤ漰ǮҵһЩӣҪ˭㣬˭¸ࡣ
ͲһˣԽ˭ִǮҪôŷˣҪôǮ˹ٸ⣬ֹҵЩͼߺŵˣ˷۱
ն˶ǰѵһĺù١ĸ١
ɲһֽʹΪٵĻ롣
Լ¹ż棬ԼһԼһˡ
վڴߣüͷŭ
һݣһۣҲΡ
̾͢Ҫ߸˰ˣ
һĶʳ˰Ѿˣּһջ֮ĲףѰ˼ٳ˰Ĳ֣Ѿʣʳˣֲ˶һһĶջ񼸰ٽʳ
ٸʼ߸˰ʱ򣬰յӾͲùˣһԽԽ˳Բôͻö𣬱һЩν۳ʱ
ڴԽѾһˣһǵǰ˵¶ݣʼѰɲǴӾսҿʼ
սҲǾų֣ʵһֱսҲϣ͵йĦͣ
ı˿ڴֻ࣬İͼԴһΪǸϴˡ
Ҫ̾ڱ׶ȻҲߣм仹һƬء
սھڴ֮ǰߵս²󣬵ҪÿͶıݡʱ͢߸˰пǱߵսˡ
Σ˲ݸڴвƫϣڱ߼ûж
˿ϴŴݵЦݣһһ⣬ʺĸ˳ʱߵ¡
ĸڵļݸشвǸߣҲܴϢ
ֻǣϢ֮УȨҲ͢߸˰治ɣ
ףﾡǷǡ
һ˼и취ܵն߸˰Թ
ͬʱǵɴۣ˵
Ըһũѧֲᣬ̰οѧظ֡ʡ
̻ͽܶʦʱе˴мҪǧѡֻãƴвŮƣһԸдһũѧֲᣬֵļ֪ʶ̸ңɲ͵ڰǮ
֪ʶһֱеġԴе˲ϣײ˶ʶ֣ڰƿأʣѳӣ˵ͨϰաȫָҲǵҵĺӣһҲȫϰգǳ幩š
ʣһдũѧֲᣬҪݴȥҲǷǳ⡣
Ϊˣһдũѧֲᣬ
һֵĵشĿãдũѧֲض޺ðֳʳôٳϽĲ֣ӣڶϼˡ
ԵһлȻһʲôлЩջû˵ʲôء
ŵũѧֲдһһּ˶֪츣ҡ
뿪һʣ᲻Ҷ£˶ԵϷˣҲıļƻԽС
ҡͷ毺õϹƽЦȻᣬҪǱݣΪҪҲҲҪȻԸΪ¡ңýԴؾаյʳô㲻ԼĵأҲͨǮʳڻǵĿĲͻ
ңĶǰգǲҲǰңô⣿
˵⻰һҲ⣬ͷ֪Լ˶ûжͬУеİˡ
ֻǣ֪Լݣʲôݣվʲôס
Ǵһдũѧֲʱ򣬾֯һۣнһĽ̵ѵȻ߷øӣ԰ũѧֲݽ̸ǡ
Ȼղʶ֣ǾֱӴũѧֲѧϰݣٽ̸ա
ϧСȺŹƦӡ
ȣ۲ǹ٣ǵλ£ԱǮͲ˵ܻᱻϼۼǮԱ£󲿷۽ߣҲͨա˰ۡץʱǾͻֶͨѹգԻúô
͵˰ԹٸﲻλµۣȴҪͷԷүǺҲ־ۣȻҲֹϵڹٸܲأǵ
Դصۿɲ٣İٶˣԱһٶˣԴعٸдˡ߷øȥũģǲԸ⡣
ЦǰǰֺԼԼҪѧ֪ʶȥ̵գôǻˣЦճԲʲôϵԲҲȰѳ͢ʳϣϣϾѽû˾Ͳý˰ˡ
ʲôûûԣȥҴ򹤰أǮѽ
֮Բ𷹵Ĳǣǲѧϰ֮ȥ̵ˡ
ۣҲжԲߣװƣװɵ˵ѧǱҲʶ֣ǵҪһѧôƱҲҪһµأΰ˭ÿô෸ģ˭ץûҪ˺䡱أ˭
Щͷʮֿۣеŭ޴йúõģȴ˿ãЩ˵棬Ҳʹǡ
ǣһũѧֲдˣЧʸߣ͵ȥȴ֪ʵʩΪǲʹΥ
һ룬Ҳû취£ŵ˵ҲȺкǴûҲûбֻգ˲мҿܻϽ㣬󲿷ֶֻԼԺȲ
ʱźδȫһԶһҲǱڴ
ǣһһ뷨ȻŵʹǾũѧֲԽ̵ֵء
һȽ̻һˣЩȥ̸ˣ԰һЩũйص֪ʶɶ衢ھ˴
ΪУֻһ˾ٻΣգһŮȥİӣǱ£ڵǺã
ǰǲ֪Ůںܶ￴ߵģԴνԴ󣬲֪ԭŮйصʤЩŭҹ£Щ˿ڷİһܺ߶ŮˣͬΪŮˣܲŭ
һΪĹ롰⡱ѣϣһ⡣
һҲǣѲ⣬ǵöһ㱣ղǡ
ǣһȰũѧֲύԹٸݹⱾ飬سǷΧڴԺֳҲз
ңһԼ鷳ˣ鷳򲻹Լȥٸ״ʣһǶһũѧʹݣԺֳˣ˵Ųʹ˹ٸһӻµҲõһ¡
İһũѧʹ»ܵԱǵķԣû뵽ǵ֪Լȥũ񣬸˻в˵֪һŮȥһ㿴ֵ̬һЩƫƧɽĵʱЩ۶ҴһһŮȥˣֻȥ޻ء


241 ũ
ЩʵСһһһȥģΣһˣҲȫ±˵ѣܰѶԷ
Ϊ˰ȫҲΪ˲һ˵ԼΪԺϵ¾͵ϳ
ǣһȫҺͼＸȽϽ׳ĳȫ忪ʼũѧ
һпڴƽ̹ʺȫΧۡ
üȥÿÿ֪ͨҪڴﴫԼֵظ߲ؾ
һҵĵж߲֪ģϾһģԼҵӵӳϡϡһҵĳǽһ׳ܼһӺش򽻵ũǣÿξһĵأﳤƼõ̲ספп
һ˵Ҫؾ¹ŲţҶȿ˲֪
ĵǣҲ׷ѧϰ̼˸͵͵Ⱥ棬͵ѧ
ʵҲ͵ѧһʵʵֵأһҲȥΪǡ
ԬһҷּˣʱŽϻ죬ԴҲʮֿȫûǰָʹĸо
ϾϴģԵĺȵģȫԬϸŽĸŮɻǮо仰гֶ̣ڶܽϽСáˣǽн¡
ԬѾ˼ͽϸùϵܺһã֣ڽߣյʣѽСҪֵصս̸ǰҪǴѧȥ˭ۼҸɻ
ôͳɡۼҡˣϰԬһۣɶѽͲˣҼСǹٸġũѧʹٸɻԹ㶮С̴ֵأǿĺ£Ҽҵĵ׬ǮҲǿʲôС˵ǽаԶԶԣҼ׬ǮǿǰգǿһֵأһԱ˶ԱˣŻǮȥѡˣǼҾǮ
ϸһѧ˲ʴʣԬ˸һ֪⣬Ҳ˼Ҳ˵һѹ׬ǮհҵԸӪĲҵ׬Ǯ
Ԭ̲ס棬СһңôоԽԽˣ
һʼѧǰҲв˵̸ܽ汾һƾʲô޳ذԼԷ̽
һ˵һǮʱҲ볶ѣϷݵˣֻ·߲ЪźȱˮôȥǮһҵĿڴֵĵأҽĹЩ˲йǮá
һ˳Բ²壬ôֻţƴȫȥǮ˶ˣ˶򵨱ȥ͵ȥҲǰգܱ֤Լͼ䰲棿
ͬˣҼеأҲҴţֲĵҲӶңȥɱģҲǮﻥǵԼҲΪڸõĻҲøá
ˣŵͷҲ˹һӣҪʲô͸Ͻ̰ɣҵﻹлء
һҲգ˵ͬҵˣԲѧϰҵգ̻ȥԼĵء
˲ˣϱ̲סһӣ죡ȫҳԲ͸ˣ
ȵһǼ仰˼һвزסļһܴǰԼҵĵضֺãǾͷ
Ľѧе㳬һԤϡ
û뵽ͬһƬϣȻȫͬļˡ
еֻҪһʾһ飬򵥰ԭ򻯳ʱ˼ǾڻͨѧĳֲɣҲõ档
еӣʮ֮һʮ֮˾ŵĴСʱ򶼷ֲ塣
һεĽѧΨһ߹ľǵͻȻܵķΣ治֪ǰķôβĺӣĽѧġ
ûжһʱҲᱻǵʵԶԡ
һû뵽ǣһĽѧؼҵ·ϣͬк
ǰЩ˼ϲŻѣ񣬲֪ǼһĽѧһ棬ûô࣬˵лһ˽ףһĲһ𼦵ժ˵Լֵ߲ǰлһ
һһ·߻ؼңϹһӣװ˸ũƷ
ȷϴ˲֮󣬾ͻز԰ɻˣڼŮϵĶòˣϽǰæ
ӴⶼЩɶ
һҡͷ˵֪߹˵仰˵ҪǷǸ
ЦۣǸлء
һɻΪǶʼǸһҡ
ϰ֣ţܸӵġãǼãõͬʱǣֻǵ㡣
Ǽȥõɽˮȣ㲻֪õʲôˮȥöû꣬ˮֻܴӳ;ȥܶ˲ֵӣˮáˮţǿţˮÿÿֻܴ١
Ǵյʱ򣬻кö˼ҵضˣȻΪôǼϹŮǣΪʲôǼĵֲʳҲάֲơ
Сѽڰǣĵ˲˵֪л㡣
һͥĺŮˣһϹŮǴмͥΪŮΪĸףϵļͥΪһϹʳǮƶԱʵһȥЩˣ֪ЩУеʵܸм
ֻǣһָ鲢УЩ˱ķʽ൱ί񣬺öһ㶫ôȤ䣬һ㿴мӣһͷԡ
ȫũѧ죬̵ܽģý̵һˣ󲿷˵ȫѧҲӦԼֲ˵׼ȫʳĲ
һҲڴ࣬Եż˽ũˡһú֣ܹٸĲʹѧôͻȻͳɴˡ
ûͣЪ»ûǣһȥĴѧ
Ϥȫ壬ӵ˲ʶһһŹٸȥ˸æ֯ѧ
ȻЩ˶Դһ൱һʼû
һѡһ򵥴ֱķҪۣһѧ
Ȱһȥ£ֻҪ˵ʲô¡
΢һ⣬ǿûһŮͷʹԼ
ǣϲűһһ˴ſ£ڱͬгЦľ
ǲվǲʹǱ۲ʹҪôȥҪôʹʮ塣
һһٴͰʮǿȫһʮ㹻һȫ˴зˡǱϳȥʧȥݲ£Ķȥˮ̡Աĺ£
·ҵһҲʼùͱ΢һĽѧŵԿչ
ӣһֻȫسˣԴڶˡ
ǰֻȦ֪һǽ׵Ḷ́ﻹаƥϵȻھͨնʶˣũˡ
Щ׶ۣһÿƤҺƽı飬Ȼð׽
һʼв˻̵ĶŰѧķֵԽԽ࣬ҵĳԽԽã֮࣬ǲ֪Ķ·ˮ֮С
ִңڽĸ˰ߵһʱǴﵽ˶塣
󲿷ְһĽѧȥ˼ңճɶܱ͢ߵ˰ŵýп಻ôͰ͹Ӿǡ
һЩȫһµˣȴΪͻ˰ֳʳȫϽ͢ˣԼʣ٣ûʳԣҪôȥ˽裬Ҫôȥҿɡ
ҲΪһʼڽԴڽũ񣬽Դؽ˰Ҫ磬һչˣݸȰʳ͵ݵء
Ϊˣݵ֪дű
ص֪Ϣ׷ѯôʱ˰Ҫ֪̫̫죬Աȴֻ١
ٳϵһӴȥǼðֳݵ٣ǰҲڼٳϵ£ӦҲѡ
ÿˣص׷̣֪ΪλũʹĹͣĨѴ
ȻⲻҪ򽻵ֻģǮģߣˡ鷿ƿڴ˰컹ֻԼƽ飬ڶȥ¹ѯһ


242 
ȻҪһæũѧǱزѰæһҲ򵥴ֱҪǮƣҪĲǮƣ
ڴ࣬С̷ֻһأ̼ȴأҪԭ˴̼Ǯʦͻж˻;⣬Ҫľ
Ҳ·ǰڸصƾ֤ӱأǾ͵ôӸٸǶͬҲвͬǮҲصĹٸͬ
һҪǱϣأʱи㣬˵ٱʱһǮ˳ſڣָĿҪǮ
²ûУĳصǰˣ ڶȥֹˣ˼ҷµֵ¹򣬾ɵĲ
ص⣬һ¹صķʱѣҲԹɲٳˡ
Ϧڴಢϡ棬ٸͳΰգҲνţǿͰ
һҪߺţֻȡԼӦõ棬ңû˵ֻø޶
ˬӦһҪġ
ͬʱ־Ϧ£ôùٱȷ˺òȥҲǹ٣Ȼ޹⡣
һԷĲʣϴˣгһգֻΪ񵱹٣ΪԼ£Щۣͬ
üܲ룬Ĵ࡭
ΪһԶ뾩ǵҲƵĵ೯͢ĸܣʲô취ͷǼλĸױܴǣȫֳֻܸ£ֻʣһˡ
ʵң̫󵳺뵳뵳ʱûðͷأϾû˸Ҵĵ룬Ҫ֪Ĳһ𣬰ѿǣ̫ΪѾС
̫󵳶ôУֻܲݲݽ᰸
뵳©һҵ룬ҲֻҰЯֻϧԼְλҲߣʦͽĿǰֻڻХӪı
ϴһȥûþͶХӪԻתˡǲںԼӵδһ칦ͣҲָõݣھݡ
뵳̲̫ҲùȻÿɲֻмȻǸ黨ǲݵyinӣ˽ӾͲ֪ж٣˵ˡ
ǴӣλСʵ۶Ѿʮˣ⻹ʮλӡ
еĻӷʵʵȥأԼһĶֵعӡеȴʵ̫ĵ
Ȼ̫Ȼʺܶ࣬е˴֮Ҳմ״ʣ̫ñȻСʮҲ󹬣Ķӡ
̫Ĺϵ΢ĸţ̫Ը˺СʵۼȻѪ*̫ѪԵϵ
Ϊ̫£̫Ĺϵʮ׽Ϊ²ż汸Ȼʷʱȡ֡
ûǰ̫ĸ嶼ڰ̫Ū룬롰ˡ׽һͿʼ˼
ʵҲС˼Сʵ׵ı󹬵ǲȻӴ󣬲ΪˣΪĥˡ
Сʵʮţͨ˼Ҷµظɻüˣƫĥˣмǿı򣬳һЩΪֶεĴ󳼣ӶԸŮͽ󹬡ΪŮΪСʵ˴Է磬ȱСʵĥˡ
ˣƽҲòĶȥСʵ۵ұй֮޲ظ˰ͬʱǮԼˣһ㲻ԸⲦ߷ӣ±ս½ڽڰˣ󷽲ϣô󱱱սʿʤء
Сʵȣ²ż汸ͷǳˣӢǣͲţܴСʵ²ٱĥˡڶУǱ׷ľ
ֵǣѹСʵۣСʵԽԽ֣̫ȴδѹʵ˷ѽ⡣
䲻ױǣԭҲ֪˭ȫң֪ڸԩٴһЩ˵ס
Ϊˣ˽ΪλӢүܰԼȫұϣ
汻һпһʼ;׳֦ȷģһġɱڴ
һ£ȴͶԾƾԼΪȫұԽԽ˹עл˷Ϊ˱
ţɣؿʼ裬ིķʽֶڴ࣬ĻȾĻ
ĸϴȻѧ˲ٶֻ֮һ
۰ŮŮĸӲŮиҪƽŮӸһɺΪԼȨȴɻᱻǽ̵࣬վվˣ˽̬ׯ
ʱֱͦ壬һһ͸¶ŴҹĶׯţ毺õ˴սУԻдȷ磬һ軭
һĻ֪ģһһ˿İУ·˻ˣϤǸңǸʲôˣ̫󵳰ɣ
ԣаװָãǵģĸ˵һʼ̫ҵĸҪЮкĸйǢ
Сݺ̫Ƚأ֮ý顣ΪΪ̫Ҳ뾩˴ȴ̤ǵȨûУձΪȻ
һʼҵķֳǻµĵ̣ʵǲԱ̵ģͲסжԲߣ˻ΪֺùүңԸԼĵ̹ˣԼӪôǮ
еġʵۡǿռյ̣⡢Ÿִˣʵ۶֪ˣҲƲʲôˡ
ŸԽԽ󣬸ݸֵ̫ǮҲԽԽ࣬ǰ𣬺͸ݽǢ̫󵳾ͻˣ
ݺܴѾµѾ̫߳ˡ
ϣû꣬ϼڵྩǹԱǣһ׮Ӫ˽ᵳİ
ϰˣ̫ȴûзɾ衣
ǿƽˮ֮£һעͻᱻУҲǸԭ֮һ
˵и뼴Ѿûͻս֮С
һ֪Ĵսױ౱ȫݣСʵǨδܰɱ˱̫£˾ǡͬʱȺȻ˽ӣǸȻʵֶӣ֮ȻеѪԵϵģԼķأطͳ̾һ¹¡
Դãκһүķأ㱻õУΪŮĴڣԴصݳ㣬ո㣬ҰŮùһ·ջָԼݣҰ·ӵүûܣԼľո˱߱ռĳǳأ˾ǡ
һֱάֵ´ңڼ仹ŮǣǼ顰С֮⣬һ䡣
ȻװģǰкڣƫƫŮ֮񣬺֪Ůݺ£ĸԸ̤ŮΪµ壬ŮָĶ֮¡
һЩСĺ֣Ϊ磬еŮɫΪ·ϵĵʯŮΪ磬еŮɫҲΪŮĵʯ
ôʲô¶ͷˣ


243 
һ˳죬Ȼ͵üռĵλˣǣԼδ磬ʷϼأдңս»һ·ӵвͶ
ϸں¼һΪԽ߲͸¶ࡣ
룬ûһغʳһҵǮƣսҵʱиǿĵֿ
һҲǣֹҪ¸ĵ֣ҪɸˣΪʹˡ
ȻūƹңвūƩɻĵũеԼأҵظֵģеûأȫصĵũǩĶ䲻ѾСһԱתˣǩĵũתȥ뾭ͬ⣬ǲͬ⣬ũ͵ڵһӡ
صĵũˣ˵ЩūĳһЩ͵ǩĳͬūǿԱת֡ġ
ֻѾֹӴɱūǴ˼ңҲɱˡȻСʵ۳⣬ɱôˣԹҲû˸Ұô
£󲿷˶ԸһҸɻ񣬳Ҫס⣬صıҴȻµĳ⡣
һеĳŮˣصĵũͻˡԭܼ򵥣ʱܵɻŮ̫٣ֻɻһֻܹסŮˣһҶԼɻһܹˡ
вһ̵ܽģԼŮ˵ģһ̱ʵʩ
Ϊˣһ齨һ֧ӣνغԱƽ
֧һҲνͷյĶԱһЩ׳ܻóȥױ˴߷Ůӡ
ʵһҲǽ˻齨ԼӾ̫˶ţ̫󵳺϶֪ģƣٶضᱻ˷֡
һͲһˣǸҰ帾Ů֮Ҫסôࡰ񡱣齨һ֧ӱӣɡ
ң齨һ֧ӾһЩԴ˿Ӿһɢв
ⲻ֪һ֧Ӿÿ˾ϸѡһЩͶ·ֻˣЩ˹Żȫһǻ˵
һӾḺ́ܽȴӻϸѵǿҲԶһľӪЩŮΪһڷԣΪԼĺӣΪ˱ƴһҧ֡
ȻһҲֻϸѵô
ӾˣŵľñʲôХӪҪ񣬶Ұס
ԣһ뽭Щ˲ÿӪԪأ⵰̣ϸǿȵѵһĲü¾ʹƼݱþ׳Ҳǲǡ
סΪ˷ͳһ˴֮以ල©ϢһӭԱ͵͵ٽҷ
ʱݲ˭齨һ֧ӣһֻǴűԼصţͬһЩ׳ĳһЩʸǿȵѵѾһĴʲһˡ
Ǵȥ֪һҲһ١
ڣЩ˶һѡ̽ģеǽ˴Ƕģ׼˼ҵѾߵģеǱȥҤӵġÿ˼ǣ޹ңֻк޵ˡ
һͱһСĹ˼ҷѾߣȥ걻ӣӰһ˼ңԭ˼ұȥǼҵүͨѾߣӣҹүУüүӣԼ˼ҴϹһֻۡ
ΪүҪμӿƾ٣Ӱ;˼ټѾߣֻŪϹһֻۣ漴˻Ƕ
ǮջˣȻֶһֻ̡˳ЩҪӰ
һѡ֮ǰܶ˼ƹ۾ˣѯʵ֪۾ѡ
ۿҪˣ޲ð춾ơʱһˣӱ۾ȴ𴩡
ɭɭЦ˵Ǽһ˵ӲűϹۡ
һɫƽûŵصͷţܺãֹϣֱҪֳԼҲܻˡ
һֻͨѾһļǮ
˶ˣһţһڿʼЩ£ʲôˣ㲻ɽ϶ɣ
Ҳũˣģ֪ԼȢϱˣϱϱ˩ţȦһֱͣҵĻᱻyin׬ǮĹߡ
һؽ͵£ɺݾҵıӣɲɣ
⣬зȴΪʲôӡκᰲǣѯɲɡǲɣѲŮ˻뿪
ʵһûǵڶѡΪһеЩˣ͹ȣѡһӾǱѡ
ֿƶ·ʵֻһ·ѡѡ񡣾ͬЩ޷Լ˵Ůˣֻѡˣ˵ǸˣҲڲ͸ˡ
񱻴һںɽӪֵһˣ˵ɣϣҲҪǮһػǮ⻹ѣȻǻϲظһд˵
ΧһûпýĿ⡣
ͬʱӪҲûнںɽΪܺҰޣӪܻΧǽԷҰ޺ߡ
ͬʱҰ޵ĴڣҲܸõһЩɽ˵ȡ
ԻͲ࣬һ룬ȥХӪξˣͨȨʣµԻ֮ǰɽܣǿȻһʵ뿪ˣҲɽߣֻɽһЩС
һӪأӪѾмʮѵˣÿϵı鶼൱࣬ΪѵǿȺܴûƤЦ
ţŮ˲ˣĺݾϾӪѾжٸݼŮӣЩĺݣڶˡ޼˵ʱŻֵġ
ȵǣӪĻʳкǧٱ
ЩֻүүųԵϵĴ⣬ǶܳԵϣÿٷܱ˲ޡ
ˣǳ˲뿪Ҫ⣬ϢʱҲ㹻ģȾӸЧѵȻǮÿÿһӣڳ˵ţõͨůҲһӡ
һӶԼϣᱻǿɶĵȥơ
ȵǣһΪͷѵǣŵǣгһգضǵԽ˵𾴡
ǣ˵𾴣жԼԼϣˣгһ𾴣
񲻸룬Լгһվ˺ǰǻʲô飬޲ǻ
Ϊһĵ˸ӿ̿ѵҲ˼ʺսʵġÿͳԣ˵˳ʲô㣬óǸҲóԡȥѵʱᱻӳҪЪϢһѵҲЪϢʱȥһ⡣
Ϊһ˵κսѵϵ⣬ȥ
һʵ⣬ôѵǸʲôʹģʽܹ˵ĸλǸʽܲһֻܴﵽͻĵЧ
κ˶ϽҲһ뿴ġ
һľӪڴɽѵľɽս岼ͷʩɽˮսѵõĳѧλս
һʵսľ飬ϸ紩Խߴڵ书ʽԽֻ֧һ˵ӾѵñȺҷٱ
٣һõ۽֣Դˣֻĸۡһ
һԼľӺģûսӾһ꣬±ǾҪóˡ


244 
ʢʮһ꣬Դؼܱһָ£ﵽ˴գոлһסصҲΪѵһţҪΪѰһź£߻ҪƷ
Щ˵ĸлһûʲôҲҹͣΪ㡣
һԼЩЦĸл󣬲޶Լ鷿ʴͣ٣һע⣬ֽϾͶһªĺڵ㡣
С˵Сôˣص佱СǺ𣿡
ǣ㱻ͨ˿佱ÿģǱĵ˿佱͵þˡ
ıɵȴвزסŭ
Ʒ˼ңЩ밡ҪŮеٹõİ취ҪôΪĸҪôΪŮ
ôһǰɣǼʳǼ۾ʵˡ
ΪЩֻСط£û뵽˰һ죬䵽˾ȥӣСʵۺʹǶ֪˽Դس˸ʮũЩҷ˾ũҪ
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ؽӵ֪ġޡ֪Ҫ˺һѧϰũһȥǡ
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һˣͬ˵˴¡
һӾһˣԸԴЩͷۿԣԿľǻ̫ˡ
ձǱýڽڰ˵ĴӣҲһܺλġοʱĴ໹ûء
˵Сʵ˾ũпѧϰũģ˭Ҳܱ֤һ󣬻᲻ΪʸСʵۣһټСʵۡ
Ϊˣһװֻũѧֲύ˾ũ
ĹԱˣ˾ũȻҲˣʱһԲڴһܲܽδŮӵġ뷿ɣ
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ȻϣСʵ˾ũֻѧϰũģҲ˳Сʵһ½Դصˡ
ǵĺܶǲ֪ģСʵ۱ȴˣֻֻ֪ܶͨ˰أȴ֪СʵΪǱ
ڣе˼һΪϻ׹ݣԼŮ͵˾ũǰȥʵѡ
Ҳ˵֪֪ͽСʵۺ󹬵Ůûܻ˵ΪŭҹʵиϸץɻΪɣղδŮӳš
룬Ůӳˣ˾ũ˼ϵŮӣˣȡЩɡ
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ּұǵ䷶ʢ֪˾ũСʵģҲ֪СʵۺɫޱȵĴҲּ¶֪ԼҴС˫ʢ֪Լ޵ʵݣȻҲ֪Ůʵݣ˾ũͣܲŮ󹬡
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ʢ룬Ļˣܰͽ󹬣ƾòǲðСʵˣʱǹɣ¢ʲô¢ϣȫⶼý
ڴ࣬ϵĴ˼ڡҵͷԶĸݣҲǱ̫󵳡ʢ˵ּҵһλݣڳΪ٣ܱӻǶּ꣬ÿҲø˼Ǯ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ĹԱ˵ɱȨǮһܳҡ˵ǰ˵·ԼҵηⶫǹٸƿصģҪΣǾ͵ȴӹٸǶȥξΡٸֻҪļǮϦģǿѪ޹顣
һǧûʢҵġ
Ҵʱһȫ֪飬ѵԼľӣź̸ּҡ
ʢ˿е֪ˣüͷһ壬Ѿˣôϵĸˡ
ھǵ˾ũû֮ǰʢϺ£ΪΪŮá
ǣܵ׹ˣ˭һССأ
뵽֮ǰԼ鷿ĲģʢӦὫŮڣΪ˵ԼѪ𣬵ȵһ·Ҳ֪ܷӭȢ
⻰ȻõģΪľǰӳʱ䡣
ʵһİ취ǾǶɱʢ
ɱַӣǾԲеģһ⵽
Ҳͬ⣬ʢѪԵϵôףôöɱİ취ңһʢֲּûˣÿһֵˣˣĵܵܡ
ʣּҴƭס
ϧʢ̵̰¶ţȻұ˾ũŮ޽ʹ
ʱ˾ũΤ棬ʮΣʣү㻹ϴˣôҲǰ˵˵
ʢŲ³çЦ˵Ҳ֪Ĺɷϴ˸ˣǺͳ͢в֮ɡ
ѾȥŸһּҵѾСںԺױ磬ʱ˾ũĿ
ֻȾ棬ӲͷƤֵ˶ˣּҺͳ͢ˣ˷ǰΪڡ
ʢɫ䣬ŵؿ
ǰʲôʱ򶨻ڣȦأڼ˾ũϣһھǡˣ
˾ũסһҾ֪ϴȢּλС㰡
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ȻΤǺǡЦ˼ʮ΢ٲȻЩˡ
ʢãϽ̧źţڼҲһֱû뿪һǿлԼһͬΤһЩ¡
Τ˾ũΪũµĹԱȻһССũ¡һģȻǸҷļ鳼
Τȴڱտڶũ񣬳ԹּۣǿˣСʵ˵ͬʱԼ۸¿ɺãֻܿʢ϶ˡ
˵ΪˣҲʵΣݰ𪣬һ룬Ⱦʢ湫ӻҪСʵ۲ϲˣѴ˾ټȥҲ
ܿ죬Τʹ˸ҺСʵ۲ϲˣȻΪˣҲһ١
ΤԼĶţҲ룬⸱ͷģСʵϲˣҲֲ
ΪһöĻ£ҲòʢڣӣҲֻϵ
һǶˣΤû޵ˣּҶС㡣
ʢһϲ˰Ļ˵ԶԶؿһˡ
֪ԼԼ󹬣ʸǰƣΪݺòȷʵȫԴصŮӰ²ΪݣΪֱ硢ͦεˣҲԸ޸ˡ
Сʵ۾Ͳһˣ޸˵׼Եޣ޸ʵۣԶǧ֮ⲻ˵빬͵λ͵檣λһЩŮ硣
ʢĹŮԸԸ⣬ȸΤϻ˵
ڣΤһۣòϳˣûҪ޻ؾĵزȱȱ
ʢڲ֪ȲϹϵںˣʧɵĻᡣ


245 
˾ũΤּ뿪ʱ˵ʢĺöӦڻʵǰԼ䣬Ŀ겻ּǸĴС㣬˺£Ҳֻա
õũѧֲᣬΤ̻ؾ
һ˾˿Ȼɵ̫ˡ
Τ뿪ʵֻȥתһȦ˵˵ĺôȻٽ費ũѧֲϼ¼һЩݣɱľֻ֣˽Դء
ڳţֱȫ壬ԻԲڴһ
ΤߵӰСˣʹһʮˣǿ׳ȭŹһ˿ס
Τֱӽ壬·ȥһҡ
ʶΤ֪ܴѥˣǷ֮Τ߼ʱŵòɣæλ˾ũ˴·
һ·ͷ˵ɽŵһ⡣
Τ˫ԲŵؿЩݺأʲôũܰѷ޵ôƯ֮ĴԺֺ佨ķģһμǷģҿЩҲΪסģרֲ˵ġ
Се㱾£ֵúܡ
ΤΪũķֱӿ粽߽ȥУû뵽һҵĵ̣ţǽյķţߴΧǽȴ⼸ļҺˡ
ΤĻǰŰûӦΤʹ˸ɫǰš
֮ʣſˣһ߿գǰˣ˵һϳරŮǰ
Ůɫ裬ʣ˭
ŮϵĶӡӿݲ˵ֽŴ׳һǸɴֻģûа˸е̬Τ¶ʧʣǳС
*æҡͷǣСҵĳ
Τü⻹࣬ѳСɣ
ŮüС˯͡
һڼңܼҲ
ΤʥΪǵĳ̹ﲡ飬ȻҲҪΪʥϽǣشӸһλҽʲô
ŮɭĿⶢΤΤŭǣҪ˦һƵʱÿ·ͷƱ΢˵л˹ģҽ
Τʹ˸ɫҩ̤һš
Τ˽Ĵһķӣװ޷ǳ֣ôҲһЩɽװûУֻԺŵ߰ľϺͶңеĻɹһЩҩݣ濴ŷݴȴصϢΤ˵á֮硱ѹСһͷȿԺĳҲֻա
ڴ࣬˵䷿ݵƷſ࣬ͬķֻض׼ܽסһĸۡҲͨõģլֵĶǹٻ¹֮ңּǮҲָܽ
ΤΪһ濴ȥ˰ӦûᳬԽײĻֺ룬û뵽ʹǸũԺӶѡ
һʼͲһ˵ıڼңΪ֪ж֪Сʵ۵ıŰŶ빬Сǰ
ΤģظŴߣʶʶ䴫ͬŮ·ľŮӣ׳ʲôģ
Τȥ󣬱ŵ˼űżһ£ֱˤ˸Ľų졣
ѽΤŵվܡ
򷴵Ǽʶˣȥ鿴һƣ̾˿ˣϷûΡ
һ·оʹҡͷްֻҪӰУ޷ָҲ⡣
ԥǻݣĺɾͲѰԵˡ
һں˵˵ˣҲá
ֹס̾ҡͷ߳ȥˣѾϢΤֵˣŮϵˣƾϷı£Ϊָݡ
Τֲָ˵ö˶һˣô˵ģ
ΤΪлľ֣֪ˣ˵СӦҲ֪ͲܸԼ֮ǰαװ˵ӣѲģ
Ҵô˵ˣΤҲȥڶۣо˶جΡ
һϵˣȷʵǼٵģŪġ
һ壬ʵѣΤ֮ǰֻװȾ纮ͣȴԼ߿е֪ûؾΤȻ¹ء
¹غһгںǶԷޣڵһһ˻Դǵ»һǧɣȻһ̽Ϣ
֪Τûлؾȥ¹أһµ˲ģɱľ֣ʹ¾ģٵ
һŮСһǣǸ˼˶ĶԽȻϲԽǸͨƽϰ壬ͨͨͨͨĳ࣬гһܶųСһ˰Ȼˡ
ġԵһķաΪõ˵ǺΣյģ˶ŮӵİռСﻯͰᣬ֪ˣ䣬κһ鷳
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ûӵػԼʵʱòΪ޾鷳Ȼˣͻٵ
Խ߲ΨһһһԻòˣʱһһȽ׽ˡ
ǶһĺŵȴһдֻԼ˺ݡ
ԽߵɵˣڱֱŵñۣڿռװôãҪˣ㵽ʲô㲻ϲŮôˣΪ𣿡
һĸ׺͸飬Խ߶ˣֻǲΪһƻԭ飬ʵΪһϲŮˡ
һʹ֮࣬˼ӦԽߣΪκԭܾңȨҪҪݣҵȨ
Խ߳׻ˣһԼˣʲôģһ˵ҪɱǾɱɱҲһӡ
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ڲһˣˣҲԽԽ㲻һʲôһԻ·һ˸һ
˶Լ޷ѿصܻеη壬ԽҲһ˵㵽ʲôſϷһȥ
һû뵽ԼܰѴԽ߸ŷǸӡ
ҺɨһϰҾͷȥ
Խߵɴۣǻ뵱ˣûŮġ
ǸˡһûǴĻԭðڰҺʲô𣿡
ûҰ룬Ϊʺ𾴣ܵõɶ
õػһεĻᡣһ˵
Խˣ̾ݣҰˣҲòջݰ¶۰֪㲻뱻˾ũѡ׸ʵۣҲ롣𼱰Ͼ͵һ˾ũ֮ǰ˾ũġ
һȻԭԭĴԽ߾ôܻʵ۵ĻҪһ룬һͶ
ͺϱΪӰϰſ˾󣬻ҽȿ˾㲻ܺĸԴġ
һҲҪԽ߸壬ֻҪԽ߸ܶľϸڡ
Խ˵ͶţСʵ۵֪һũҪ磬ϾϢǴµһȥģ̫󵳺Сʵ۸֪Ϣ
̫󵳰Ϊ࣬ڸСʵʰ̯ӡ¼ɣҲûж
һĻһ꣬Ͷ˺øУһ˸ȵ֪ΤҪԴصϢΪ˻ۺΪ˺СʵˣһԴ
ԽΪһԻò
һʣȻ˵ǸȵõϢôǰȵһ֣ⲻǳ֮Σ𣿡
һǲνƺƫִİôܱΪģ֪ΣգһҲȲˣȵʱһ֣İΣĺøУγռ˱أ
Խ˵һҲٷ˵㲻ϲƫҲĿǰΨһһ԰ԿСʵ۵ˣôѡԼŰɡ
ԣԽ˦˦ͷû֮ǰǣ治˵ʲô顣
һɣǲҪʲô飬һʶȤû֪֮͹ˣĺøСͦõġ


246 
һˣΤȴԸ׷ŹΪһǹݣΪľӱܽȻ벻һҰ帾ôͨϢͲľģ֪ԼϷˣ
Τվ⣬ŭ̼ŮɲɣڱٵǰһͻˣĻ⣬кξأ
ٱϱϣũеΪǣû뵽ԱٵʱһֱƲֱݣĪӱܼ٣Ǳ٣ǻ϶ĺ
ôһñӿһˣһ̼ŮҪһ̼Ҷø
俴ֵĳ̼סˣǳ̰æ޺ԩүŮͲǳ̼ˣѾˡ
ΤüĶͷӣ˵ĵض
ΤһС˾߹ȥ˳̰ӣñһϹͷĳ̰Ѫ˺ü
һĲ£ߵ棬Ͽµ˿ôǵһ
ģջ
ӴСôõһҲ̫ϧˡ
ǰԼޣںˣҲ޲ȥ
˵ʲôأ
˵ʵ㿴˭˲جΰ

ЩûܺһķֺȻسΤ񣺡ŮǰձȾ˷纮ҹͣعͷǵʱղ񣬽һСεһͷ˲ˣջǹⲻˣֻײˡ
ʶƵضˡŮðʧʥǰũ񣬴κζũϵĲ⣬ŮŲҲΪ˽ֻϧøһֽ磬Ȼ¹˲ˡ
ΤߣҰŮӣ˵ôȥһӲ鿴Թҩȷʵη纮ҩ
纮ⲡɣеӲͦȥҲ˳ҩ϶βãȷʵ˻ᷢȲֹεȥ
һôһ˵Ҳֱ治٣ΤȻö˵ʲôֻͷЩޣ;һǹġ
һţվţܸоһϵľηŮƽ񣬼پŲֹ㣬һͲǷ֮
Τĵ˵˶غͳź˶ûУҪԼղ
һȵ˵гūţأϺʹͬΪգǽˣƽȣǸɵĻҲɡ
ΤЦˣƽȣ˭ƽȵģ
ΤҪŭ֮ʱһЦΪһΧ̹ϵգڰգũɾͣʵҴ֮Ұˣ˵𣿡
ΤһñӸһũǺͿ
ô˵֪ϢΪһΧΧôһôĴҲΧۣΤ˵ȥǺˣֻܷ뿪
Τһ뿪ͷһ΢ŵƲü˿ŲٵģѲԻòˣ
ΤˣȴһѾߡѾߴʼյʹͷͷû˿ʲôӸһҵĺԺȵȫˣ߽һļҡ
ʱһѾҪղǸ̬װ˿ġ
һϵʹ񣺡ӵصӪ׼ãΤѣҪ֪·ϡ
ǣ̽㡣һСһֲǽӣǴҽʲôĶУһСľͽ̽㣬ľͽС
תֻͷʣϴʱһҩӣ˵䲻ϵˣܼʹָܻϵƤ
һڵˣҩ벻Զû𣬱˷ҩġ
ԥˣ֪òö
ʱֻſڴһŮУҩóԣȥҩͬ˵
һ̧ȥ·վſڣһ˫ͫزס𾪺ۡ
һȵôˣ
ҧҲ֪ҪԼĥʲô
һͷҲĥԼΤɱ˸ľ֣Ȳѡ
Τһ㲻ϲ˵죬ҲΪ˵ĴͷԼֲƯǳªĴֻΤСʵ۵Ȩòô
粽ǰûνġŮ̬ߵÿ죬һʱȴ̲סһЩɲ˺ۣԼδĲ𣿡
һʵش𣺡̡ۣ
˵ȴúеѣһͱһ²˵˵һǧ˰ٵ²׼ˣΤգҲˣ˾ȱ㣬̰ǻ¸ҲãɱҲãа취˺Լˡ
һǸͬκһķˣǰķ磬Ըͬʱķʽ̹ϣΨܶ˭Ը¶ͺ¶Լϲãһ൱Σյ¡
Ҳ⣬ĸȻĿȾණһҲ
ʣڿۻӨʱһĶһʵϴԲҲô嶯
һϴ̬ȳϿң࣬Ū˼ˣ˵һԼȴɵ̾Ҳǹ嶯ֻǡ
ĻЩ˵ڣһ̧ͷӣʣֻʲô
գ̲סֻ֣סһգһߣԼӣֻۣ˰ɣֱûգʹܵƽﵫЩҶԸ룬ôԼԼأ
ʵһ˵ͲˡȻһٶۣ֪ʱ˵羰Ļǵͷ˵һúҩġ
һ־ӸµĶӣţȴ̲סϵ⣺ȥŪҩҩԼĿüϵˡ
ʵоӣһû˵
ŵĴС㣬ʮָϸۣĴУ
ҩ֭ʱ򣬴ҲæˣǴӳҩ࣬ߴãҩ֭ɴҩ޸˺ۡ
ˣ˿ǼӺÿ죬һеĿ¾Ҫˡ
̲סСˣ
̾ţ̽Լݡ
ҵһȥҩ࣬һδݺһ
ԼС鷿ŵĻ̲סʧСͻˣҲ̫ϧˡ
Ϊ⣬һ߾ˣҲմȾһЩһ뷨ôˣǼҳ̽㲻ҪòȡˣˣҲںЩ˶òۡ
̾ҼСں
ҸôЩ꣬һ𳤴±ҵѾͱѡź˵ͣ˵ǷСͽá
СӲðֻ壬鰮ġ
Դʶһ󣬴Ҿͷ֣һȶκһŮ˶ҪġЩֻдҲܽӴ鷿򱻲ٵĻͺһһģһ
һڻϴɾѣţ˵˵˸ţŵòκ˿Щܱȥ
ԼСݣҵȻ֪ģһĸ飬ôҲû뵽ġԭŮ˺Ů֮䣬ҲܲĽ֮顣
Ժ󣬴ҷԼС㳣һЩ˱ǴǰĻֻЩΪ֪Ļ
˵ʵҲһЩүСϲͺáؼǣһˣС϶ĵѽ
˶˵ϲ˭˵ûòӰأ
ֻ̾ϣҩЧһɡ
˰Ϳҩ֭ɴҩͽڣͷǳʶȤع뿪
ӹӣһ£վһҩ
̫ˣֻǹСԼһŪһһע⣬һʮֽһ˫ȵ˫ȣôǺһǰٽҩ
˶ʱĹˣδԼһͱؿһ˵ͫɫﵹӳԼ
ҩʱ󱻼ͷһɢͷɴֻ¶һ˫۾
̲֮࣬סЦְһϣЦЩվס
һסɻЦʲô
һ˼ûЦ㣬ҲٱЦԼ⸱ľģʱЦݡ
˳ƿһϣֳһϣһü̧°ͣ㣬ԼվӾ֪ˡ
ˣҩϺˣÿһ㵽
һ룬ʵԼҲҩѵкܽӴʱͷͬ⣺ҵȥɣ̫ۣ˶෴Ρ
Դ̫Ҫһðһ䣬˭˭˭ҲҩԼҪˡ


247 ĺ
Ŵҳûھͻ˽Դأ·ڵ˵ߣŵԷɣĿ
˵ʲô˵ڡ
Ҽٵĺ̾ﻵˣлֱ˵ɡ
ԥС㣬Сˣ㻹
ʲôʡ
ұ죺㿴𣿡
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һмְգ
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˵ףһΪ϶ܴӮõıֱӿ򣬼Сƥܾⷢװܣɱľ֣õз޶ԲЧʸߡ
׷üܰɱǱУбˣıͲֻܿ
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һɽ壬ʮˣ򼸰ǧˣսʱڣһνֺúֱƾӪ
ǰʮˣ׷粢жǵܹˣԿǣ˵ƽЩ˵װɴˡ
Ҫ̶֪ߣֲõҲ˰ذ׷
ذ׷ǰɱ˵ģʮַ⣬һ˰СмҪʲôֻ֣Ҫڵ˽ʱ׼ͷ۾ӵĵط¿أƵСͿĨһĶҩѪӡ
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Щɵ㶵ǵĵֳǰ棬ͷļλҳڲԴǳˡ
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ǣһٴλӵڻδ䵽˲ʱдһֹ

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һۣĿһޱѪϣ̾ȥٸ㻻ҩ⼸ȱɱ
ֹһڣΪƣŵսһֱûʹ׷棬Ҳ޷ȫĵκˣڼһֱ˴߬ذףκʱҪ졣
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׷ͷֱӰѺߣô׳ʵ˩棬ȸŸ·
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251 
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嵱Ƕ鱨ֿʣҲõͬĴ𰸣ȷ嵱ûˣۣҪûüˣۣʱ顢һ㣬ȴľĵʹĥ
嵱ҿе֪ǿɲԸԼΪɽǶԼɽڡɽǵİݸһֻǽŵԴظԭ˵ԴʳճɺҵǮӵġ
ţȷɽӦǺȫҵɽ֪ҲΪɽһ
嵱ҽɽڲ٣ԼĪˣеصۼӹ࣬ȻХӪ࣬ХӪҲˡ
֪ж಻ܷԼɽ׳ٶ㣬Ƕˡ
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ץ󣬹õļȴնΪҪϱǣһһȥҲҪһʱ䣬ʱأñ֮˳˳һЩͬݵϷݸţνɽ
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252 
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嵱Ѿ߾ܵؽУͲסϰ˶Ů˵ЩĻ˿βסԼĵĶһ
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ּǮƣҲܹͷøߣˣϵѪأ·
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һصˣʱü۲ܿƵط裬ǹڶׯЦ߲ͬʱĿġ˿ѹεģȾһҲ̲ס¶Цݡ
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253 
ԴȺǻţȫҲв˶һĲƲǱԭĹڳ˼죬㱻ĳЩ
̼ٴμȫңһҪġŲ
ԬͺͽƼͨ׽ƼǺǵˣûóȻǿӸһӬһȥһӵĳԺȿһĸŮɻɵص㡣
⣬̰һֱҪͽƼعںõĳ̶ɣԼҪ̲һƲӶɣȫϽƼȥˡ
Ҫ˵һˣŲ治˵ｭƼӦļ̳ˣķɲδȷŮм̳ȨǼ̳еŲŮŲԾ
ʣ̼Ϊһ̶ܿɰһŲ̶֡룬ͽƼûѪûټޣҲûȢΪʲôعںأ
ƼԸ⣿û£ŮŲõ֣ΪǮƼҲԭԭҲûϵﶼ˵ˣŮôŲõ־ǴȢ檶С
һʱ򣬳̼ȴδ֣ΪֹսǿԬûҲͣһƲĽҲһš
һǼˣ̳һĲƲǽ˲ֵܷã˵׼ǰۺͽƼѵĹϵҲܽ˻޺á
Ҫ˵ԲأʣҲȷһǷɽϣֻǾãһûǼֻҪְæˣһͽƼ϶ǵݶ飬һ¸ɻܵá
ȻʵҲǽȰ˵Ľűù̹ɲϣƻȰ˵ץסùѩܸ̿õңʱҲܸżȮ졣
һҵӣẺӣƼſűⵣţĳſڵĴһ
̼ҲʾҵˣŵĲƲϽһָãǮӣҲʮˣų̰ȥƼˡ
˴Ӱϣһҵƻ˲٣˫ˣصи˶䱻̰ҧˡ
ֵòðܣݱս
һʱһĻ
ȫֻһһʦסھ֣ѵڽ⣬Ҳæͳһǰסޣܲ
һڼֹͻ
ʱͻֻ֮Ĵ򶷣ܵӪĽǣȻ±¶Ӫڣֻ֯ĳͽ˴Ĵ֣һҵԺΪĽзء
˫䶼˲ʣҲʹ֮ڶûʲô𣬵ԣһ˲ˣҲûܴһҵԺӡ
һܣƼû䡣ֱһǶڼֻǱⵣͷ£Ǵס
ҵҪ̰ͳɣϻ˷ʣͨķ໹ҪķƵϴöζ
һȺ˴ңȴһ˶ɵˡ
һĸڸߴƥϣ䵭һʱ֮ó̼˿Щ顣
СûǺ
̶治ǶŮûŲ
̼»ʲôӲŮĶӵģҼ϶ΪֻûԼ˵Ķôˣ
˼˵أּҵʱСͽһͭûţŵضûУǮ͵ض˼Լģڵãǳ̼ҵˣҪ˵ѽճ̵ĶǺöһԺɲˣǳϵжܼޣ˭޵̼ȥɵñһѲ
˼ˣ˵̰һҿԣ˵һɲС
һüһޣ̰˵˱˵ˣҵĲƲ
˵ģ϶˵ġ̰ıӲϸЩŮԴĵԴ󣬾ͱײϣµġ
̶ɵɴۣҵķţ˵Сɽˣ벻һϱҲŸҵģ
̰ŭɳ̶ɣТӣԩӣŲ򣿡
ҧأһȴŹǣˣıȴʮ㣬ڳ̰ϣƤʱʹһ߸ߣ
̰ˣ̶ùڶӾ䵽ϡ
ɼ״ܣҲһһӳں󱳣Ⱥͳ徢ֱ֮һվȣʺˤڵء
˸ŭһȥ̼Ů̫ˣҶ֣ĺ治
˵峤ӶˣΪ˰̼Ųó̼ҷ֮һǣһˣԲ˳һȳִԼĵôϾռϷ磬̳ô˻ҪһĲƲ
ⲻ֪һɱ˲ɽȻҪײϣǾͱˡ
޷ŻϣһŵĴ󵶡ЩĿŵ˲ɽʲôһΪԼɱˣ˹ϣҲ
˿󵶵һ˲䣬Űⶫ˭ûأؼôĴ󵶣һƵıһ˵һôУ
˭Ҳɵģ˭ǰ˭Ȱ㿴ҿ㣬סˡ
ڴʱԺڵĽƼˣֳֹﺰšƴˡô嵽һͳǰ
ƼһѲ˵ɤŸװһǣ˭ŮжǺͳ˳ףպ󻹱۸𣿳ϰﵱʲôˣǵȫ壬ǵãݲ۸ǣ
˭Ǵܳһ壬ҽƼضмÿҶ⣬ʮ׵л񣡡
ԵɴۣʮףһڳԺöˡ
ԬûаæʱȴȺ󺰵Ǵ弸ˣ˳ϼʮ˲ɣǾʮ˴һҲӮˣƴˣ
ǣлͷŭ֮£ȫϵˣŹ˴ȥһ˵ĳҲòͷܣ̰һҸڴ˸ͽȵȫˣβǳˣôԼ˵Ķأ
дȰܣڴҲвٳˣʴҶôԸںˣЩĳˣ̻ӿͳ˵Ĳʱ򱬷ŭųµĳɱȥ
ȫ壬ƼҲسŵæ˼ȥŵʳҲȥһЩ򵥵ĵҩȻԼɹҩģЧܲ
Ȼصһû˵һߴӰ˹ס
ѾͷûôҪҰƼţ۾ȴ̲סᡣ
һ޷ĸӸ飬ֻŽƼϵɢҵͷ˫ô˴ҶֲóӪıȭߣⲻһһ顣
ƼʵͲ󣬲ʮ꣬Ǵ˵ƽִˣʮʱ³СĽƼ۽ǵƣɳڵƤżɼİ׷ǿҲ޷µɡ
һû˵ɽƼ˵̣ȴǣȻھˣȥʦһʦ͸ڵеҲܴӸʻؾӪһ־Լ˽ͼˡ
ãʲôɫ¡
ڶգһʼʦգҪҲܼ򵥣ʮ굽ʮ֮Ůӡ͵ŮӣûлҲѵٴͲˡʮǸܹؼͣΪʮ꣬δǵŮӣҲױӡʮѧϰõΣӦñһۣӣ֪תּҺҲҲˣ͵Ǳھȥѧͽѧ£ôסҲзݲ£Ǯܰļ
ǱھԼĪʮˣζУһѵһʱ䣬ٴѡʵˣ֮󣬰ŽӪ
֮ǰһҪһڶ
ﻨĹʮƦѳ̼˸ˡ
ԬϴӽƼǶǰ֪Ϣһ춼ͼһĵɻؼҺ˵˻죬ѼҾߴҺ󣬻ѳ̰ͳ̶ͳڵϴ˱Ȧȫ࣬ǰķʻûϴɾأζˡ
̰ȽűͲãºˣҽֱӱ㣬ҴûǮΨһܶĳ̶ȥǶ״Ҫ١ǿ֮ң˭Ҷ֮´˺֣϶С˭Ҵǣ
̶Ҳûõȥϣ۾׵óŲƤȥǶ״װɵ㶣Ȱ˵ϹˣǳСָʹò֤С˵ܸ棬ܸҪӵģ̼ҳӻѧ飬һӰ˿ƿô죿
֤ݣ̶ɵˣĶʲô֤ݲ֤ݣǾһָʹģʮҲûǳİԲȫˣָϵļԶûС
ԺȰסˣ˵ĿǰǲҪȥһһҵĺãרİѳɲģǲ
̶ɴͷɥȥˣ̰Ѫųȫҵָǳӣţӱ˴ֵϢȫ壬̼һڣϵε


254 
ڿƼִֶ㣬أִҽѧҲܰѶκáûмõͲҵһλҽǷˡ
ΪһμӿƾٿҪдţֻǶ˹õ֣ǼԼ;ֻΪΪ٣ĲѧҲû޼ǵúÿĲױ˾ء
ݳªȱ֮ˣ;ѡ
ʣ츳Ѹתд˵ٵļҲ΢΢ⱲӣͿ㸳˰ˡŲȻûвûٺ»˹٣ųܸȥ˰⣬Ҳûôˣôˣı·
˭Ҳû뵽ö˶˵ĳôᱻ˴֣֮ʮִûǳҪ֡
̵̼˲һ˵ˣѳӽӻؼУ˽Ǯ֡
һǰЩΪ˳̼˵Ļȫһٴ̼ˣҶִֵˣҲͣǿɲۏˮ
ڲ֪Ǳ˭֮ǰϵ峤˽Ǯ̼ˡ
̼żѽʳĬĳӣĥӲݲŴе֪һԺͬ꣬˵Ҳ߸ˣ˯ţñסרͲȡ
ѧԺרһЩƽѧӾסģÿ꽻ÑҲԺķáԺʮһ䣬Ẉ̂ͨʯͷģһ˯ȥںõƵġ
ȻӵǲҪסԺģǫһסԼҵĴլԺԣͳͬԺˣҲǺһҪôʵֵũ֮ңҪôżĹߵһ
֮ǰǫǳֵܣһǫȹӵܵżԣҹͬͬޣڳЩ˾ͺֵûʲô󲮼ҵ֣Щѧ汸ͬйͬ⣬̸˵أķ绨ѩ£ԼպһϿ
ȻӱǱΪֵǰҹʹ򣬴Ҫ֡
Ӳ붼֪ͬΪʲô϶ǫˣһ̶ͷǫѧһ죬˭Ҷ
緢ͬҲȨˣʧʹģҲã֮Уļֻ
ʣ˭ʱųĬһֱ֮ʹ磽ʹʧ֮С
õ飬Ҳȥ飬˶ѾĬǫָʹӵͬ
ǫ˭ּҵӣãƷ²ѧȴϾǮѳĽԴһѧȵùĹӵܣǮвѧٻƷҲαװ֮¡
һź󣬹Ϸ˳̼ˣһ㲻ͳ̼մߣ峤Ϊ˳һ岻ּҽԼȥ̼˱ǣϣȻͰѳ̼Ǽж߳ȥ
޵ȥźͳ׺ϣ̰ͳɶǵѡ˧ҪܱԼݵλҪ𣿼㣬ûʲôλԡֲԼʮ»̥ģϱӻУҪһˡ
ӵĳôˣ̼˿ֺ֮С
ںĺϸϴ棬޵óӶˣͬ游͸׵ķȴĵĺϷŭ𡣳̰ǽ˻ᣬԹָϣѼĸûˣǸɥǣüͥ顣
̼ҽʮңǮӿˣضˣûκóӵ֣̼˷ˣʼ취ı
ʱԬһΪһҸɻ̴ɺͶӶɫ̼ܳ˹öң˭ҽӼãˡ
̴Ȼ۵궼Բһ⣬ԼҶȢϱҲҪǮϱĹǮһ˳ԺʵڲףС˵öΪԼСҿǡ
ӳģСû˵ү̶ƫõһң俴ź񣬵ǺĻƫõһҵү̳Կ࣬ﷴΪ֪ү̳õܱȣ˵ⳤӣԹǣõܴڵҪ˭
̶ҲûõȥǰźȿͷһڹĴϣ洫Ľͷˡ
ʱֻԬһһսһЩĲƷϵȵĲƥڳõķ
ţԬϺһ⣬޵ŮˣΪż֪ڷּңһǶæϱ߶ԬϾͺŮһݣø̣ܵǮѷһ£Ȣϱ·סŮеط˯
ԬһıýĹǮ֮ߣ˼ڼһֱȰ˵ŮһȥһͽƼϵã̼һǴиʲô̾ȥƼͨ籨ţ˼һڿɿˣŮıƲ⡣
ǰԬϾýƼ̶ǸûͷҺӣˣռĲȨڼ˻ȨžŮ˾͸ƼһǰֻżƽӬͷСʲô˼ȥ̼ǵӶҲ
ǣԬҲȰŮһǮŮżҵҲùЩ
̴ãǰףЩİʣСǶ˵ϻ˵˵飬˵ҲȥϹСû˴߲
Сǳ̴󻨵Ķӣȥͻˣʱɾˣ˾ûˡʱ̼û֪º̴󻨲ӿŻߵԬϡ
ԬϲˣƲ̴󻨵֣ӶżҴˣզأСֻҪŮϹ㲻Ҫᣬױˣ㵱ҵǮĶģ͸ûõģǿҸɻġ
̴Ǳ˵ˣݻȥͺż
ԬϻϹȻʹŮ
̴󻨿ǰ´һ֮Уִһ˿ȡ
Сһ𳤴ΪһɻҲ죬ٱȳ̴ǸŲƨĺöˡСС˭ܸǰ߳жߵŮ˭
Ƽ˳̴󻨣ϲ󻨻ˣ
ԬЦŽͣ˵̴󻨼ҸСޣӽͣŶһˣܲڼҸƣԬϻԼĹ̴󻨾Ϳϸɡ
ƼһҲ̴󻨵ĴԬһʮֿһ˰һҲǺõģѳ̴ˣΪ̴ûѧʲôգȰȥֵأǮһĳûʲô
ԬҲлȸţĳһҵĳ̫ˡ
ӻģ֪ڵһҽþܵҪǽӿɲùҪ֪ʮ֮һ˶ҸɻֵͨصĳǷĹˣǶ
̼һû³
ɱﲻסˣڼγͻᣬΪ¶õ͸ǳǰ棬ڼɩһҺһã޵ŮҵһݹûõĶӣԵò٣ֲ粻ܿӸôŶ
룬ǰµҪǳ̰ţ϶ƫ϶ҲƼĸŮԩͷծҲúϲģһǺԺǸϥ˷м䣬˵׼ܸأ˵ֵܷذɣôܸǼֵذɡ
ǣЯŮȥһǸҰǰɵĻȫƵ˳̼ҶͷϣһҾ޹ģΪƲϵͳ̼ҶϷּңֻϧˣһҲǰǼӵܳȻǳһɲТ
һֵܣֳȥʣǸ˵ʲôҲܺ͵ּңȻ˭
һҲûǣֻĮؿˣվĳӣ綼٣ޱ߷а
ֵزȱˡһ˵
ɼˣధ󣺡СѽѽôҲǿ㳤ģҶһˣôЩ꣬ͰɣͻСһɻģʵڲУ˸ɻĹǮҲа
һ´ʮˣܸܱҶʮͷĳȣ
һϣԬϺͽƼԼ˸Ϊ񣬿˵ĶϱǰҲûٿСȴļƵԬϣҲĴô˵ط
һúϣ˾ǴԽ߼˺ӣס
һӶûټֵһǣҪת֮ʣͻȻ뵽һ¡
ǷŮǼĳʶһֱǸ⡣֯ũߵʹֻܿڿഫʾЧ̫ˡ
һһգ˿̣ҲסЩˣгһգһأ
ЩŵĲǣ
ֻЩ˼ֱ׵ĽǮͼǲģǵһǻ·ǵĺʱһҲȥ
˻ȥȴͨһַʽȥַʽǽ
峣£ͨȥ
һųӣӲʵѡûŮŵǵлʶֵĹŮӣ඼ǶŮ䡷֮鼮һ˵ЩѧϰıҪ
һҪ񣬶ѧʶ֣Ȳ֪֮ܵǵʱٽнĸڿʼһŮѧ
ĿǰΪֹΨһһΪһõĶˡĶˣҪôһĲֵڣҪô͸ŮӲмһˣ𽵹ŮӶʶ֡
ǣһ˳һΨһһᣬó֮󿪰˽ʦ
һұΪֵĶӼ粻ܿһһһˮĻƣ֣һ˰㡣û뵽Ȼܽ飿
Ҫ֪һӻȨ˼ҵ˽ӣǶٵ˻ŲСõĴǮ˽ӣһЩ꿼еʦ
û뵽һֵĳҲܵʦ
Դֺľ۾ڶһ˿ܽ𣿡
һͷûҵĳǸɻҪʶ֣ŮδҲҪʶ֣ҪһŮ˽ӣǶʶ֡
Ů˽ӣɫҰף䲻еҪŮӶʶ֣Ǻã
һҲں𲻴ӦʵڲУȥֵûкʵѡ
֮ҪһᣬҲǿ˵ǹİҪıܸǿ
һ뿴趨ĳӣܷƤӵ£ѱūԡ
ܣǱ˵һ˲ͱǸǿֻӡ̰һ˴ѹǣѱǣŻľ档


255 ˽
һʶֵĹŮӣʶֶ˻רŵʦĻ֪ʶǱĶʱ֪ʶ¢ĶҪū۰ΪԼ㲻ò޶ۡ
ԽҷչԽ˵ͳȴԽȹ̡಻ִͬ˶֪ѧϰҪٶӵܽȨ
ڴ࣬ʶ־Ѿɸ֪ˣǫǵУũ˳ƽ񶼲һѧ徭۸ײﶼڵλŮˡ
֪һҪŮ˽ӣٳƫͬʱΪһʦ֪ԼҲǲ
ֻΪŮƫأŮӶʶһȣΪŮܲףһ˽Ӵ˶Ůѧ֪ôǡ
ӱܾľקؼңֺõسһЦЦ˵Ӳãǻؼҿǿǡ
һҲŮ˽ӵĿѪ⣬Ҳû֣еʱ׼ȥԸͶǮ͸ˡ
뵽ķһ˭ִڽҵһ룬Ųܾ
Ȼһǣͬ˵˴£ȲѣҲֳ˼ߵ£ûŮ˽ӣڸңĸҲԼҵŮƹŮ˷ЩǱ*ʶֵģԸרŵŮѧࡣ
ܿϧŮѧ˽ԶһԸѧʦ룬ѧݼǺйصģ⾭ȵȡһ˵˼;ĽûС
һʶִѧݣ廨ţûõרҵԼܵһЩȻѧͼʦ漰ΡʷѧȽͲòҪ౾Ķ
ǣһҲᵽ˳ӣ˵˳һһ·֪ܱܲϥΪãǲܣ鷳ҽʦ
һϣҲѡ༼͵˲ſãˣʵҲ׵ģҵҲЩӵĩ֮
мǳӵͬûܶΪӵǫָʹ˴ϵģǫûü֣ӵ־Ͷˡ
ŪţΪƽؼңȨ䵽ϣ׵أԴʵòǮȥͨͬûȥȻƵǮò
һ֮ǰΪԴصĶֵ˲žǳӣĥѱΪá
ԣϳֵˣʵָʹֻԼָ֪ʹǻΪԼΪǫ£ϾǺôСּҵġ
ϵĲǳӵ֣İû뵽һ뷨һص֪һΪʲôܴ롣
Ů˽ӣһģҲġ
Ϊ˳ӣԴؾڲѧõǱˣ˼ҷźúõǵ˽ʦЩˡ
ǣһ˵˳ӵ̬Ⱥ˸취
Ӵˣ϶ٻеģǫָʹ˴֣ҲǫɼӲģٲõĲӱЭûסߡ
һںһҺү̵𣿡
һɻҡͷ֪ģҲǳС̼˶Ҫ
ǽ
һҡͷǳ̼ˣҵļˡ
һЦŵͷѽǾͺðˡ
ߴߴ磬׷ȥ̼ˣͨ죬һӵƣǼж￸֮һ¶ܳɡ
ڣ̼ҽҲˣһӶԳǴҲˣҲˣ۰ӵ۵òˣͬ˽һŮ˽ӵʦ
ԽߴһĿռ￴Ժͷ̬볾ĳӣ̲סϧ̫ϧˣ̶籾Կ״Ԫġ
һȴÿϧŮ˽ӵʦҡҪŮӣδĹ֮ܳΪ֮ʦѵþ𣿡
Խ֪̾ʲôˣڹŴƽȨǲǣ
һǵһʣϸ磬ǳȨҲͨɡȭֻһ⣬Ϊʲôˣѵڿ
Խ߼һΪԼ˵ˣȰûҪڹŴЩŴʷԣû취ҪĽ֣ڹŴŮѵʱ⣿ܲڷ⽨һҹ֮佨ִɣʱ䵽ǵִŮƽȣԣŮ˸һȣںö඼Ůʿȡ
ŮʿȣһδʣŮЩȨ黹ǹȣ
Խ߳ɵ˵ǣͣλȣòʱǻΪӡ
һشﵽˣᵽ˵ġţ١ʲô˼ˡ
»һԽˣרĸŮ˽ӵĴ֮ǰˡ
Ϊڳ￪Ƥ̫ǵŮ˽ǷӯʵģעĽԴسﲻ̫ʣһѵص㶨ȫ壬ȫ󲿷˼һǶɻݣڴҲһ
ĵƤ򱻿ˣһתͷʴĵ˵ءѾˣ˱ĳˣҲǳүĵ̶ү
̶үӵǧĶأȫĶڱĴ廹С֮ǰΪũһºһӣһҪأȻǰٰӺ
һתͶүү˵أ˽ӵ·
˽һԼҵĳ͹ŮŮӣĿγ޷ִϸ·ΪСѧʹѧֱӽѧСѧСѧҲǶСǰݻ֣СѧҪɡʶ֡ѧҪʷΡֲľֳ֯ȵȡ
ȻСѧʹѧ֮УΪͯѧ࣬Աõʩ̡
ʶ֡ʷεȵȣɳѧֲȻѧͼѧƣһŮ˷ѧ
˶һһĿʮеˣ˶Ҫ̣˷ͺܺʵʦ
Ů˽ӲȡÑ굽ʮ겻ȣϣʮʱˣѧϰ½أ壬ѧ̫ѡ
˵ÑҵһӦѼ飬̱˽ӵĻסˣֻ֪Ůѧʱ˾ͲˡֻŮӣ֮
ԹûŮӶ͹أ̫ˣŮʶֽѧãǲǻڴĶ
Ѿ¶ҪǮ˵ҲֻͷԼ£ͬڷˣʸȥҪࡣ
һǲ⣬ûغ˽ӣµһɲܣӲ˽ӣ͹ź
в°˱һӸϳȥǣԼӣȥ̶ү״
̶үʵܣ¹һò״Ÿİѱɲýⷢӡ
ȥ˽ӣҪһ˵һֻ̲˾䣺봳ҵ˽͵ȥд𣿡
̶үһ㶣ǳˣ˵ɴۣŭ˵ʲôʱҪ͵㶫ˣ
һ֣ſϣҵ˽ӣҵأҵķӣ˭ͣ˭ܽһҪӲ˵㲻ǿٷˣҪȥ٣жԴ𣿡
˵Ҿָƾʲô˽ֻŮӣҶô飬ﶼ˵δܵ״ԪǾȻҲգ
һ˵ҿ˽ӣҵĹ涨˽ʦʾͬҵ˽Ǯƣ˭͸˭ĪΪӣɵǳ˺ɣ
ͺñҪȫÿһͷû쵽ˣѲɻҼˣ
̶үҪǳһ۱֣Ҳһôͳ˵ء
̶үûڣһͻȺ£ǰǳ˶ôԵ˼С£ռ˾Ӳ£ûˣ
Ůޣѧ֣ǲɲø̶ү¡
˼ٻ˼ңȫǳˣ̶үյһءҵĵϣûô
ЩͼӲ˶Ъ˼вĵģ˵ˣԼҵŮ飬Ůܲף˭֪ʲôء
ǣ˽ӵĴƽﶼǳģĴԺСѧĿγ̾ڴԺչΪ˿üĳ
˱˻ᣬָʹԼǽͷڴſڲߣ͵͵ѧ㶫
Դˣһδϣ֪Щ˼ֲ˶áΪ޴û˽̣Բᶨ˶þͲסӰԣˡ
ԴһЩӣҪֵأҪԶҲ޿Ҳһ泯ʲôõ£ؼϱϴ£ܰĸ·һЩȢϱҲϰְõӡ
˽յĵһŮѧֻʮˣ㲻ҪÑͥҲԼŮȥʶ֣ҪǮҲ׼
Ů޶ɶãɻֲܿƾˣʶ֣һܽӴҪֵ£ĵҲǸµģҪǿҪǿ˷ƿء
ʮֻʮŮޣͰŮӡСŮǳŮĺӣΪȫһɻûչӣ˵飬˵йܡ
ڰŮӣҲһӹģǰǼϽĵģһӵͨˣ֣뿴ö˱ˣˡ
ʵһ˵ѾܲˣŮӣɲţṩʦְλһͳӽ顣
ȻһʹٲۣҲһ˲ɼôãھ֡԰ũ顢ӪҪĻ֪һ˯Сʱ
ȻЩûüŮѧŮ˽ӵˣڽʮ»ڵóӶˡ
Ϊµһֱδµʮ££ݸûһꡣ
ʱһû£ֻеȣû꣬ճɲãҲųʹˮáֱˣվͷֲԾˣҲˣʳһЩũѧ֪ʶٺãҲֲûˮһа׷˼
ʮ£ѾȷϱǶǰݸ˵
󣬽Դص˳͢Լ˵еղ


256 
ȵõµϢݸǺصļݸ֮һԴصĺҲᣬû꣬žˮͺˮѾˡ
ڹȵˮж˭֪ȵˮȡԺˮũÿˮͰȥˮˮȴһ½ֱ¶ɺԵĺӴ
Դعֱ֪彭Ҵ彭Ρݸа彭ڣ˶ɺԵ
彭ĿǰϸС֧дһЩˮˮ֪ܳŶá
صˮԴǾˮǳֻǽӣֻҪǳ͢˵ģȫ˽˽ȡã͢ר˰أҪȡˮƾÿҰ˿ȡһˮ
Ҳֻܱ֤˺ˮ󣬲ÿÿʡˮȡ
˶ˮȣοׯڣʳֹǼֵǿա͢ղֵģеĻĶ顣
һµղΪʹԽߣܳھ֮ĵطֻֿܡһǰԼķأΪղ뾩¡
岻ǺܺãзȴҪʱʱھҽΣ̫Ķͣɼ̫ͬӡ
ķزÿ˰ҲߣҲùΪɺֹݸһȫԵĸɺΪء
ҲζţҲһ˺顣ֱض¶ͳ߶֪ͳָ߲ΨһڸλĻʵۺ̫󣬶ָҺᴦϲЩˡ
СʵٻӹҲԼͳεľο̫˻޹գڴϷ̫ơ
ɡӢܡ֣ʵ̫İţСʵ۸ںֻ᲻ˣֻ֣̫󣬸˵ȺֻӦˡ
һˣʮۣרŸӺͿʮ
ǲԻ˽ģʱܹɱȻʱӽپӢҲǶĶˡ
һ·£ӺǳĵصĵҲݸеĿĵء
δһҲǣǾʿӹУҲǲģĵ˵Ǻ»ǻ£˭Ҳ˵׼ֻܼвУǲֵġ
ݸ죬̾ͶǰԴأִ˽ԴأΪЯȨ󡢸ڳſڽӼܱ߱ȽϽҲˡ
һĹ͹Աղү˾Ļס
һضࡢҵ࣬ڽԴҲ˵ϻĵ͸̣Ҳһͬݼ
һϲ¹򣬵ҲսȨ鷳Ⱥ۵λá
ɼٵ͵һȺм䣬Ůʵۣ˭޷ӡҪǲӼһպԴ󲻾֮ǣǰٿĪ硣
˹һƬʹԴû˭
ȻƣҲ׺ͣûôڶչ̫ãεĸɺ̫ãһֱδ꣬ʵĥˡ
˿Ȼ˵ա
һٻ׹͵õվվǹٰģһԱȥվסޡ
еҪʸסǼҵľ¥ҲܾЦеظȥˡ
һƳݣұдһŴѱƯһۣҲÿһ
һΪŵˣӰ˼ʽûһñȴɴ֮󣬴˰Űɫߡ
һϵھƺµѪⳤûջ˰ұϲԼĪһбŵİƴСһƵıľƬڵɡ
Ҳ֪Ǿ˶һҲ⣬֮һۣͼסһ
˽ʱ̲סһϴˣҼǵʥһλ˾ũԴѧϰũ츣յũŮǽմ֮ˣ
֪һʲôЩҸ˶˵óûҪ˵үŮӣΪСȫˡ
üȻ
СʵԴʱ֪һĴڣŰݾû뵽һһԻò;ԼһӴˣһһҵӡ
һĻû֮ǰ˳ʵݸ˷ټһȴ뻭ܴǿס˳ª˵ȴȻ˸Ϊ
ũŮеʾɣãһӦǸݽɫ
ŮĬˡ
֮ӣѷֵԴصԴǰسĲðǿ˭ΪǴʳϣ
׺ͣȼİ¹򳯰ݣǳģҲ˵Ŀ֮˵Ϊ
ô˵ĳ֣Ϊģ٣δ߸ϵСʵۣմһΨһܼġ˵ʴȡա
֮дϱ˶֪ӣ֮ԶھǵСʵѾҧ˺ִһ̫࣬ȥ̫ˣᣬ˵˲ȥһȥֶˣ
̫Сʵۣ˵֪˭֣֮ûӣɳԣЩһǵġȻǶˣ͢ҲǰϽġ
Сʵ۱ߣ̫ڴãֱߵѣ̫󣬸ôˡ
̫ۣƣڲأ绪˵ȥ֣Ϊ
һԵֲ˵ͷֱð亹һ¿ͷū澲֪̫𷣣
Σյ⣬һشģⲻҪ
̫֣̾ȥɣţûʵҹš
Ӷģ֪ܲʲôս²ϣǳǰգԹ죬Գ͢ͻʵ۵ηԶԶö࣬˺˭֪ʲôΣյ¡
ؼǣ̫ʼΪûиȨıҲֻȻʴ͵ٲˣܷ첻ɣԹı֮ˣб֧֣ʮûжѡ֧
ǵıȨ̫Լϣصķɢδȷеĳһֻбս½һ壬½佫ң½Ͻʮ꣬ȴЯȫرҳ̫ܲı档
ٵΣҲûоֵ֧ı棬̫ǵݸһֻɢӪΪݸǱ߾صľӪ٣ҶӱΪ塣
Ȼ̫ûϵݸ˻˽Ҳûϵ
вΪĶΪһ
һǸ˲ţŮӣҲڸǲ˴˵Ĳܣסũѧֲᡢ֯κһغ漰ѧʶδţ϶˵ѧʶԶֹЩΪãпܶù̫
ҪνӽһνԼ£һ⡣ſûŮӣ뵽һŮõİ취ȢӦռиŮӣԼĲƸͲŻ
ɿһǱ飬֪ŮӸңСʵǰֱӣ뷴ֻʵ䷴ʣûմŮˣǾĴǸͲţŮ˲ϲ
ǣӣһܻʱʱżȥ¹̸·ϣھȼ﷢ʳʮа˴
Դغ£˳͢ʩҲԷľȼһǵĵҲ֧һȼ޶ÿÿŮȼõıӣ˿ڷ֣ŮԼһűӣõٰʣµߡ
ֻŮ죬Ϊ˱֤еļͥڳԲ£Ů˲ǵһģΪҪ֤Ů˻ţһĵ쵽ȼǵԵԼһݣΪ˱֤ʳܳԵȥͱˡ
֪󣬾ô˾ٺܲЧ£Ȼɺͷԣۺ͹ԣҲҪô
󣬴ͷԿ佱뵱潱˷ˡ
ԱƨԼأҲʼѧ


257 Ӽ
Щ˱¹ĻǼ⣬ЧȷʵóˣֵʳҲֶóôһ顣
һ㣬ĸɺ֪ʲôʱظѣ˶Ҳת
ũԷﳤԵģ˺Ͷﶼû
һ쵽취һˢøҲûã첻ῴһɫꡣ
ʵ˲֪ǣ͢صĵ;Ϸ֡һǳ͢оѾдб˽̰һЩ͵أ̰һЩʳعٸٸٷַգһУصĹٸҲһ֡
ԣ䵽ϵʵٵÿ
ԴģΪһϣûʳǱѾ˿۹ȫ֣Ϸز׼ŵ͵á
ѾľˣˣǱеһȱ㣬ܻ͵ãϾǷʩˣܵĲһȺѵءᶨҳϵıŻͼǮ޳ۣеΪŷһ㹤Ǯе۵ģָЩжģ
ڣʱΪĵ黺⣬û뵽ʧǣ˸Ȼ˴󵨣ʵͣŹͬʱЩ𡢸ƲһһֺĽ鱦ҪǮƵģϵɽ亣ζȺǰҪʢ
ѾѹƱصĸ̡ѲƣϸѿִۣļģʳЩ͸ǾĶǷʮļǮ
ĿǰٸˣЩʳ
ԭǰˣǰһһģҪȻ֣Щһһ
ĬˣĳĬУ޵ĲʡЩ˿׸ƣֻһܱү߹Ҫﵽ̫ƽ⿴Щ˵֪ܴﵽ
ĵĲƽ⣬ͬԴʱﵽ˶塣ĽҲòϣԼЩ׸ƵСˡԼĽˣԼ·ϵİʯҲĿ
ڲܻʱ䣬װ¹żһźȾơ
ƹǶյϢ֪Ǿ¥ƾƣŲµԭ̫ʧ˰ɡ
һԴʹ೯͢αʱ
ˣ֣ʧʧԾɶԳ͢һ˿ϣϣľܽȰա
βʼ˼ԷĿˣ˲кܶ࣬βʵټ
Ȼʱһ³״ݻĹִ
ڶµĸɺȫһ彭֧ѾɺԣӴѾѣÿŶ·ȥĿǰ͢ϼӿܵ彭ȡˮ
彭ڽԴظδԴسǣذפصۣһҲΡ
ڣԴصˮԴĿǰ㹫ƽ̫Ȩ⵼µصȨԹޡ
彭ֹԴҪˮصİҲҲҪˮ彭ĲͬӶвͬص۰أȡˮĹҲһ
ͻڣԴ۰صλÿΣαڵذأ彭ˮʣ࣬˭Լá
ʱ˸УǰεĺӴڲڣˮԼؾڣһǾֱӹϷЩˮ
غƽͬʱҲоϵ֮ҲƾɽϵĻᡣ
϶α¶εؾֻ𣿵Ȼǣ˶ˣ㽲ʲôء
Դڵİ˸ط׷ϱԼǹٶԹٹͨͨ޹ȥǶ״ϾĿǰڽԴأүʵ۵ĸ磬⹻˰ɡ
ǵĸ״ȴûֻ̬ΪصĿɽ̫󵳣Ҫ̫ûʮɰպ̫Կʱ
û̬ˣֻӦȥһˣү⼸ذˮֳ
Ȼ±ضʱ䴦ãһ˵ЩܲڽԴأһͬȥأһ½Щʱǲǵˡ
һӵеĲƸʳһ㲻ּ٣ּʢѾڼԸײأҪشǰТΪƳ˺Ļ£ع˶ʢͻƨһƨТΪɣٰѻꡣ
ڴڼ䣬ǫĿƿûо٣Ӹ˵ѾƿԵֻŮ˽ӽ顣
û֮ǰڸӵʦһϣǰ;˲˵ۿ˵͵СӣҲŲҪֻ̣ô˳ӡǿȥҲԡ
Ҳ˵Դؽֻһˣˣ*ʲôϡּҶ޹ء
Ȼ꽭ԴǵʧͺҲйϵȥƾٵ̲ղԲϣ۶顣
ʣӵ֪ԼļͬԲϣ³ʱңÿԼŮ˽ӵʦ˵󸻴󣬺ôܳһڷ
׳־ĳӣҲֻΪǰ嶷ʱԽԽģһһЩ⣬Ҳˡ
һɲӽѧһЩĻӽѧһϸҪЩʲô峣þ̸ܽѧ̳ѧͳϴԡ
ȻҲ˵ĻȫɣлΪ˵ĵ˵⣬Ŀ͹ѧϰЩҲǰܽѧϰµĻŲ
ӽѧһδαһƷͬʱһʼŭȻһ˼롣ͱ磬Ϊӣ˶Ӧþηˣһȴ˵ԼеİղŸ֧ǹҵĸ
һĴ󲿷ֻ棬ǿɶǴ治ۣһδαˢ֪ڷŭ֮ȴÿҹȥ˼һĵ
ֱڣԼŮӽѧĳѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ𽥷֣ЩǰŮӣƺŲӵĴǣǵ츳ͬǲʲôͬҲʼ룬ΪʲôײŮӶʶأǶúһˡ
ԣ͵ʱСֺã˵һˣλ£סɷ򡢶Ӷһߵġ͡ѹȡԽԽףΪʲôΪδ͵үһ۸һȴԾɱһϲΪ⡱ڰų̼ҵŮǡ
ڵĳӣʡѾԲ࣬أһľһζ淴𽥽ܣұͬ
Ȼۼ˽ӽ̵ò̼ȴΣȫ˶ӽڷԣںʱûԴʳ죬ˮٵÿһͽƼɫӣƼʹǰһһǾ͵øϽЦ
̶ɾ͸ˣͳ̼ҷ˼ңʳֲһڣֻܶƾڳԵģҲƣȥҵΪԼĵҲֲʳѾ͸೤Ҳ
֮ʣƼһϲТ˾ٱó̼ҽɳ̶ɡ̼ﲻ⣬ҲҷԣֻĲ鲻Ըؽɳ̶ɻ̶ǿһҵɫǰˡڣҲǳ̼ˣ̼ҲöӶҲ÷һڡ
ǰŮ˽Ӳмһ˵ˣڲΪ˽ӶŮӣһбϣͲ;ѾǶ˼ҿɼĶˡ
͢ٵÿһľȼﲻÿ춼ŻῪÿÿֻһ㣬˭Ҳǵһڻ
쵽ľȼͨ඼ûΪˮûŷӳԡڣȼᷢӣһһͳһӣһܳźü졣
Ů˽ӵѧأһͣÿͶȣɺ߲ˡеˣʳŻؼҸ˳ԡ
һ֪׼ѧ˷ݵķ˻ȥʣ°˷ݱ˽ꡣ
ΪЩѧ㷹˻ȥ˵ǵļ˾ͶˣƼ˳˶пܡ
ǣһҵĳŮԼ˽ӵѧǵļҲ˳һڷڶǶ˶Ľġ
ٴǣԼҷҪĺһǷͺӶ飬ֻΪһڷԡ
ŮӲֹСʮʮŮӣһƼݣ޹⣬Ѿ˸ȴΪȫһڳԵģ˽ѧ
һ߲ܣһҪ˶ˣҪЩĵѧϰÿ˽пˣ˺ϸ˲ܼ˽ӶȥϸľĶĻĶȥ
һԵγ⿼٣ЩĿͿҲᾡؼѧѧ֮ġЩѧϰĳԸͬҪѧ˽ӽڵ֪ʶʱŻѧϰ塣
ʱ򣬼ûŮûŮӵ˼ңֻԼΪʲôûŮ
з磬һ˸ߵؽӼԼҵĹ˺ѧȻǵע⡣ʳôôࣿǮǮ
Ĳô࣬ڼ䣬ǲͷˣ
ȥعͨˮԴ⣬һߣһЩͲֵ˱㶯˼


258 
󰸹ƶͰзֱ棬ɵڽԴأةһ
ȻǰĽԴأطͨ꣬ӵةȴһ󲿷ǵˣܻ˺üǶ䡣
ԼǸˣֵµةɲһ
ةĳЩطةʵԽҲǳɽٰһʱԴ˵׼ةϡ
ƫƫ󣬶ųǧյִ˽Դء
ĵ㹻ةˣǸ̶ͷةĳЩ˵Ļ¸Ҫ£ӲԣŴô;ةóһʱ䲻ҹ˺ôʮѻ
ºˣȥأ⽭ԴˣûһѣԲաǮ
ǮةȻճ̣ͳҲԨԴ÷ǳˣǰܵϽԴصةľǳϵĿɽ񣬳Ȼݸ֪ݸ֪ϵǳ߶һ£һССةλûܿճġ
Ǯةֻų˾ټ߿ƾ·Ҳܵ٣ֻǸССة̵ˮɲ١Ҫ֪ة˰ա˰գпɲĿռ̫ˡ
ȻһԼල·˸ṩһǮİ취ôþܾ
ο²ҪʲôգֻҪӶɡ
Ǯة룬÷һ˸ѣһ⼸ҴͣȲҪؼҡ
ǮةһþȫˣȫмʮˣҲǽԴڳ˾ۼ϶Ĵˡ
һԼƣΣҲһѰɡ
Ǯة÷֪Ϣɫأ˲ˣֻţȫ壬֪ͨˡ
ˣȻ̼ˡ̼˶£ǳһ嶪棬ǰôûţһǳˣκγӻݣ᲻ôţǸֵţȻûĻˣôǸܳųˣʲһֱû̼ҡ
ڣǲò̼ˡ
ǣ⼸ȫͷ˲Ծȫĳˣ½½뿪ӡΪɶ£һ֪ԭһҪ棬ȫ˶Ҫصǳϵ塣
汾ʲôϡ£ôг̼ˣ
̰˺ӵúܣһˣϾּˣҶκͳ˲죬ŮӣزȥҪ̰˾ĳ˰Һͳϵ峤幫ЩϵǳΪԼҲˣô
̰òУҪȥҳ˽ȥýǳˣҪʱ򣬱̰סˡ
һұŴСţڴڵȣ˳ϴˣյǮ
̰סüƲ壬ɶ
ֱ̰ߣǵþɶֻ֣һܹȥ
̰޵Ҫ棬զǣ
һۣͷһֳЦ㲻֪˵ǸС治йֻŮˣЩ£һﶼҪѵģ㿴أ̣ܽǸˡ˵ӣǸôֵţȥŮӽ飬Ůһ㲻ˣҪ
һӣճ̣
̰ŵؿְסؿڣ٣һιȥ
źޣų̰۸ˣǳ۸ţһ¶û캦Ļ£ƾʲôǴӳϳûˣ
ԽԽ࣬ˣ˦֣к˸Ͻߣɣ˽죬˭ں
һյϢΪƼԬᵽ˳̼£˵̰ڻڴϣ˵ˡ
һڼ˽ѧ¿ĴŴ˻ɻؿƼϵļ⼸𣿡
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һҪڼ棬ϳ̼ˣҲûһҪǮ
˵˫ֹìܣԳһ̰˵һܾȼðգɼĴʮֳ㣬һѵͲһ̵㣿
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ΪڱĴ廹ˣ罭ڵׯȣгˡ
ϼǴ£ȴֻ֣ȫĳ˻ˣӵûнӵκϢ
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ȻǣһأֻǽڣĿҪȫĳ˴Ӵﳷ롣
֤һ֪ȫд·ȰԼ˳룬֤Сʧ
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ӣ˵ʳͲƸˡ
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һţ䣬еӸˣҲֻɽˡ
Դظһɽɾɽ
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ͨһ㣬һڵķüͷȫҪд·ˣ˲ȥģѡ
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Դż˵ӪȥЩأҵĳ͹Ĺأ
еĻеĴɷϣֵ֮ðͨˣáԬϡȵȣЩ˸
һЩˣƼһģǵĺϡţǸҲ˱Ǹ
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һıһԵѧǣǽŵؿʣɽǵĳɼܲ𣿡
һҡͷ˵Ŀͣȥһ
ڵǳˣѾˣһһ£ֻټȫִ¡
ͬʱһŵŸȥ١


259 Ա
Ÿʱ¹ˣӵһţ˳ϼ⣬͸һš
ŵأٶȿ죬ѵأܸϵù
ʱɫյţ һӦôһּңּҵȥűһȥھֵˡ
ɻС㣬ǲȥ𣿡
ҡͷǳ̽˵ɽսɨȫ壬ôǸô϶֪ڣǼ֪·̶ӵ·ߣɼߣ֪ͨڵϢɼ˾㲻ˣҲйϵȥűЧŴʲжֻܿԼ
̽㲻ڣھ־ֻ׷㣬׷类ɳȥ£ֻܵھֵˡ
أӲôʹҲ˵Ļеôھֵ֣ȻƾһȫԵֵɽ
ھԱ;ӪԱ֮ͣھеԺϸģǣ޹ҳϵģͨѡνӪӪѵصһھѵˣԼ˼빤
ھʵʮˣһʮˣ˶ŽӪˣӪˡ
˵£Ӫ˶ϲʣ룬򲻵ѣһӦò붯þӪıΪһ¶ӪǾ͵ñڴ໹ûб˵Ϸʱ壬ôǾͻΪʸ֮ģһˣҲ޷࿹⡣
ھͿɽ׻ɶȫ壬˵һ
ɽ֪ӪĴڣôɽضɳȫԱ֤һսʤСʧ档
Ӫһúܺãŵ˵Ϊɽ֪ӪĴڣϾɽ֪ӪڣôԴɽӦҲ֪Ӧִŵˣôܷһ˽
͵ɽ֪ӪڣôǶԸһССȫ壬лдԼһٻ壬ȫ˼ɢʮ໧ˣܹҲһʮ˼ң㰴ÿ㣬ܹҲˡ
ͨһ㲻Գбǲ˵񵶻Ҳǹǣɽ˻ǼѪ׳꣬ȫһͨŮС׳겻һ룬ɽ˿ȫӦúжࡣ
ԼɽĴ󵱼ңڶȫղ׼£ȥ١
Ҫ֪һɽܾۼˣѾ̾һĴˣĴһк֣ǼȻҾۼôˣɼ󵱼ҵҰĲСΪһӳԱǱӦǾͿˡ
һܱյ֣ɽһޱ˴ӣܱ֤ʣµ˻к̾һʱ
ɽ¸Ӱ̫󡣹ؼһľߣһӪٱټȫŮ߰˶ɽˣʤܴ󡣵һҵӪıôھֵʮ˾ǹؼ
ϾȫЩͨũҪԿɱɽ٣Ҳͬ׸һ
ھʮ˱ȥ֧Ԯİھ˸ȫ塣ǰԼһƣʱװϼĻװҪ˻ڻھֵ˳ǡ
Ȼʮ˵ĶǣЯ˱϶ᱻ۲飬ɽӦУǿ²׳ǡ
ڷƵͬʱһҲûţԥҪҪӪıһȫǲסģʱľӪ϶ᱻ֪Ҫڴ໹δȫ̶ҵʱȱ¶ԼֻΪסһ
һ˼ȥǾӪĴ󲿷ֱֻѡ̹٣ʱ֯ս
ûһҪȫͨȥɽӲӲ
Ľ̹ٵǵؿһ̽㣬ǴӪıԣЩˣҲɸΪ֮ǼҲսûɢûмɣҪô򣿡
һʾ⼸̹԰꣬򽭾ʣѾȫ˽е￲𣿡
ͱһձˣһЩֻΪ˵ÿҴҰʮ㣬һҲѱ䡣ܵõȨǮλڴŮĻУǮһ졣
һЩ£ǴǸϵԼġ
ͷתȥ
ټȫ˵ĹٲǰϱİæȰ˵ǰڴԵҲܲ
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Ҳȷʵ̹ǵĵɢ޼ɣӾˣеľеߴߴͣһվûվ࣬еĴʽ
̹ǻһۣ̲סҡͷ
⼸̹ΪƽʱҪһӴܶ࣬һֱԳݳһңͨصǰӪʴ˶죬δǵĴڡ
ǡһһ֪ӣһֱýͷӶЩ˰ĿͶ
СѽǽǸɶˣǲҪȼˣ
һȼȻֻԼҹ˺ѧֵͥ˶࣬Щͥռ˴һ֣ⲿ˶ľȼʮ𾴡
һͷҡͷҼֻкܶʳҲһȫŸңɺûֻ֪ҪʡŵԳžһһ㡣
ǿϧ֪дҲ֪ھȼôңҪռӵʳ
һȲסˣི
ʲô˭ô󵨣浱ȫĲɣ
ҿǳȺ˰ɣȲҲСҵĲƲ𣿡
ӴСͱˣ˵˭컯֮µ٣ǾͲǱţ

һɨһȦȺٵļλүһӣʱڳϣǲǺһһ᲻ᱻֻǰͬĶԱŸġ
ҵõھֵϢɽڲŻҪڼ֮ɨȫ壬ȫʳһ򾡣Ů°ߣСȫɱڡ
ȫĬ漴
ͬʱҲɵΣأɽúõ̶Ӳ٣Сʲô
һûʮɰգ飬ѣƭЩˣºЩ鷳ôǶǻ֮ˡ
һƳһˣϵһСٶĶء
ûΣϸϸ֪
Ҹ￪ھ֣˶ٵ⣬ûʧκһˣΪûӦŴδɽѣ
һӦֻƾȥ嵱˳Ĺɽ鱨ԼλҵԸ磬Դжÿж·߼ټɽ˼Σܿ˫ల¡
֪ôһ˵סˣ׷¶ɫ
һһɽɱ˲գۣشѾţǱھ֣ǽھҲֵ³Թҵ̶һ
Ǵ׳ֻռһ벻ɽҪȫ壬µʣһ˵ɽǶܿסɽ˭⣿
ʱүڵĵǲŻˡ
ңǲ֪𣬳ȫӴﳷ룬˵Ǽ棬˻ȴ˵岢޼ˣǴĳˣûбٻأ˵ʲô˵˺ɽǣǲǰ֪ɽжڴ֮ǰ룬Աȫˡ
үںȲ裬ʱһӰ֣Ҿ֪ǸϲûģƨҾ˵Ծϼ⼸죬ǳϺɽᣬ뺦ǣ
ϺͳжԹǳ۵ģ˽˲һ׽֮ˣҲǵˡүʵü治Ծͳһȫˣʲôʱͼ棬̫Ծˣھһһ˵ˡ
һѾˣ˵Ŀģ³ȫˣǲ֪ɽı;ɽǲϤΣױɽɢѾҼȥˣڽԴأةܷ֪£ȫֻܿԼ
λ㿴ҿ㣬һǾۼĿġ
Ȼžһ˵ڳλֻΪǱھֵͷɽɽ֣֪ǵ书·Ҳ֪ΰšַָɽ
ȫŽһµʱɽһɱ䣬㲻ֻһӣһսӮɽֵ½ɻպǱƾЩڼĶػסҵʳҸ˵ʳҲóȼôңͬȹѹء
үܾһĻﲻ*


260 
үԾѾˣΪһž˵ǣ̫֮˺ͺӣ޷Уҽ飬ĳĳ
ͨ˼ﱾûʳǾÿÿĶҼʦָӣڼλүˣ߳һɡ
˵ţһүˣʱȨͽǮʵǸطĴǣǰλ֮Ĵ࣬еһ߶ΪЩǷ񣬻׹͹ҲǸ߼ĵˡ
үȵƹܵĳռ˴Ĵ󲿷ͶʣµĲͶԼأҲǼҵĵũνũĵأԼ֣Ͻ⣬ⲻþͱ˰ͣʱڣ˰ߡ
ʱɺسʳƶũͲָũ޷ͨ棬ǾͻѸɺѵȥʳ
ȫͽԴصӣ󲿷ũضȥˣһ˲ٵأүҲǡͬˡ
үʳʵûһĶֻ࣬Ϊĵճɼã淽Чкܴһͨص˵˾ӪڼĻսʱǷǳҪ£οԽһ򹤣ɺΪ޷Ԥ£дˣдԽߵѣһؿʼˮ
үȵʳһʵҪǵˣЩǵ̵ù˳ǿ׳Ͷ
Ȼү˲֪ɺʲôʱҲ޷֪ⳡĻãʳǮǮĸֶȼĽҪж١
һѡһûѡѡ˾ˡ
ʵҪ˵ĻүΪ¹غȫҲԼʱ˶᲻ó룬Щ۵Ĵпܰˡ
үȵѡ˽ˣԼǩĳһǲһ˵ԷʳңҲԸǲ
գһн̹٣ֶԿɽˡ
ȫĵλúãɽˮȫĶǴƽأɽɽ޾ɽɽӪλڶԴʲᾭӪҪ·ɱ̫ߡ
ɽܵΣյҰһоӪµĻ壬ЩרеģƽʱҲܲһЩӪƻʳ
ɽȻҲסɽԴضߵɽ˵ײ꣬ͱڶû٣Ӫڵλã᫵ɽ·֮ǰˤ£üɽ֮䶼£ѹ
ôɽֻܴӱΪǴþԴء
Ϊ﷿ݵв룬ɽķλҲ̶齨ǽ̫ʵһֻ⼸˴һͻս
̹ټͳһȫԱ׳Ůмܹˣʣȫ٣׳ʮһ굽ʮ꣬ȺܴΪʮһִҲǺӣڴ࣬µظɻˡ
ʮĳŮʮˣ֮ǰļδйĶ࣬αǳʮ˵ӰʮˣԼʣµʮһ굽ʮʮˡ
ʮȫؽүȵдؽѵģѰ˼ҲеؽѣҪذʮ˲ѡ
ŵİʮ˲Ϊ˱ǣΪǵĴڣڹؼʱɱɽһϲ
ũǺҪԴ˼Ҷȫ׵ũߣеƶũũ߶ģʱũҲΪ˴ҵһľͷ˵Ҳࡣ
һôŮõͳͷڵؽˣСŮǵĵҪ·¶òأͷڷõλá
һýƼڹؼʱ̺ͻϮžǡɽɱƼʮд͸ԣƽߺȲũɻԶٺʲ
ͬʱȻǽȴԲͻأϡܲ˻塣
αװһҲ֪󲿷ͨ˵ݼһ㣬Ҳ̫ܽӵαװɣԶˣװ֪ɽĵûžͻţ¾£ֻҪסɽɻĺȥĶˣ˵ӽɽȥˡ
ȫԻξȥˣƼݣܼĥѾãɽȥ޻أȫ庺ӽҲ
һʱȺСֱض
ξȥˣӽ޼չˣľøСӵĻʳѣ޼ҲԵǮ
ڲּͬˣ޼ԼԵĶ˵ϱ˼ҵĺӣǵۿµʱ򵽶ٳԵأ
Ҫ˵ĺأ·ҪǻһΪԼİˣ˼Ȱ裬͵͵Ӽӡ
׽ǰ˵ûơҪǵͺˡһһң˵Լ磬ֲξˣôôֱѱͺ˹Ƶ۲ˣԼƤͷҲҪ͵ʳӼСӡ
ʱԼֱضȺҫ۵һŰɫߣθһͷԱȴͬϻһϣվ̹٣̹ٵҲһ˸׳Щ࣬·һһԵһϡ
Ӷһۣ԰Сʣϵû𣿡
˵Ĵӣ̰ӣеСҵһƦӣԼĻӣȥХӪȡƦȥ˻ХӪû񻹰ԼһҪƽƦӣǻХӪȥó˿ơ
ʵйأȥХӪǰľӪҹദ¶ݣ԰ǿƲؼû뵽ͱҵˡ
ȴСֻ֪һͷǸһ֤Ǵȴ֪ƻǸ鷳
ΪĺӣҲմ˵ˣһƦӲ壬רЩС͵Сƺӣ£û뵽ھӰ£һŷһ˳ԱȫҲƦӣȻеģΪ˲ñԼµļɽϣʵʵȥ˻ХӪȡ
ϴŲеĳ죬϶صͷİɣһǵģΪǸŮҲ
ǸŮˡȻָһӽ֪һ˼ȴҲΪƭ˵ЩûƭΪԼϣ
ԸֵܣΪһҲǣŮе㱾£ϻȻԵģиȫŮɱ޽öˡ
˸һۣСЩĪȥˣ
鴹Դ֪ˣСĻҪǰǳǰզۣ
԰ƳһۣûϢҪ˵Ǿ͸û㣬ɱɽǴһƽûٽõùʱóˣҲô룬ҪȥҳСԼҿóʹˣ˵׼һս
϶صͷȷʵ˵书õģҲֻͺʣηսո¶ͷǣ˵׼ܰڳСǶ˵ûǿҪ׷޵ġ
СƳһӰҿȴģǸ绢һŮˣܰ׷


261 ѹ
𿴴ƽƽϵ˲٣УóѪһָӺͰţʹ£Ҳӱ
սǰҪʳΪ˲˭ʳƼֱԼԺ֧˿ڴ˷ʳͬʱͳ
иƦˣҲҵˣ׳ļվȺ̧ͷɪһ顣
һƦһңʮĸмĵãȫֻһ׳꣬ˡ
һԴ˱ġĿ⣬ͣһߵǰӸ£˸Ӳֱӡ
ڲţڼóԲϷ˵͸¶ɳƣСҼҴʵڲǶûҪԵġ
һû˵Ǳ߳ԶҲͬİæ˵
ҵãʮ壬ȥֻʮ꣬ݵùͷͻ۾ԵôͻֱضһµҴ磬ҺûܣƾʲôԵģԿɽֲǲҵʹˣһɱУõ𵶣
һԼ嵶ԡ
ѵӪģзޱȣϸֱͦ˵ҲмأһʹõҲ޷һصȶ
СҲǾֻŵһ£޷õͣס˫ֵĹͷϵпˣӼ־̧
һûصĽ̹ʹ˸ɫ͹ˣƢŽ顣
̹ٵͷһתͷɨ۴񣬴̰˵ıԣλʿΪԼͼˡضսʿ
Ŀڣµֻ׳ֻǼһжңܴҵģĸףãΪδǲǳһҵĶλú룬˭Ǯʳ˭
κθ֤ԼˣǵĽúͬ
ȫ壬ͬʱҲҵļ԰һսܻԸŵڴ˴սгˣÿշַʳֱɺͼĽ
˻һȫȻǸһţү˾ˣɵ˰ɣ±˲ĶǵʳǲҴŵģҷֳ
ʳԣĵǣ󲿷ˣũǶѣ⻰ͱ˵һḺӼǶȹȷĳ͢Ҫ
ҹ̹ٴߣͷһ߬ȭͷ̽˵öԣ粻ܴһңǼ֧ᣬܳɳɳɱһ˵Ĵ
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˽ӵѧǿһҲǼѣѾ˽ӽӴһЩ뾭ѵ˼룬һ˸ͬһ˵ǵмˣ롰ʴ䡱ȥξ
ӸϽȰ裺Ĵ䶼ֻǲͬ·ӰˣǼӣôʹúö飬ɾ˷ˡÿ˵·ͬɱӢ£˳Ҳ֤Լ;ɽ̵Ķǰɣ
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ʱ԰Ⱥǰ棬߸߾֣С㣡ҲҪȥɱУ
԰͸ոչһܾСӸѧһ£ǰѺõĵҪôãǸ⣬һǣǾ鷳ˡ
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԰Ȼֻʮһ꣬츳øߣһʮһĺҪ׳ࡣ
ߵǰСƵģǸͦصӣš
ӿӣɽͬмֽ飬ڻХӪĸٳֻּСӣ곤ģ縸ǳ£ܵϡ
֮˵԰Ȼ͹飬£Сûûˡ
ս鶼ΣգΪһǾҪǰ档ΪŮҲҪ飬ʵǲԸģ£δйŮսҲǲпģ˭
ΣպͻǲģðΣսͬʱҲܱһ˸ߵĴ
ͨҲ벻֪ģ֪һŮŮѧŮʵڰЩŮһЩҪĸλͬʱȡȨ
ʣҲףԼְץסᡣ
һǱ飬֪Լ˵ĶԹδˣһҲ𴩣ҲǺ԰
ٺõ츳ôǧǧˣһϵҲʤɱһţһ˵΢ΪõģţȻǺ档
԰û뵽ԼôõĹʣȻѡ飬ŵؿһȡʲô˵һ䣬ܲɫǲ⡱͡ƫȥӾͲܺʹ˵ùôˡ
ȺпţĿڳϣݣʵڿɶ񣬽ƽϣΪֶϴôǳ
һЩ˵ĹĶǣֻҪӰУ԰ѹȥڼʱûʱ͹ɳ
ɫҹû·ƵĴӣûǮƵ˼ֻ˯˯ѾǴ˵ϰߣɽҲҹɫִȫ塣
ɽǴӱӺܽĴͣ£˼ﵽǰ̽
̽ӻ˷ܵ˵ңȫڣû˵ƣƶ˯ˣ
˯иһĨ˲ӣ·ûˣóģɱһӡ
ҵͷԶһƬĴӣ֪Ϊһ˿
ô˳Ǹ嶪Ů˾סһͨ
Ҹое֣˵
һԵĵִߴٵ磬۸Ͻİɣɱ˻Ҫᶫòʱ䣬һȥȱ۾ˡ
صģǮǼһ۴ǮЩܵﱨ٣ǮҲһʱ
ǻʲôɱǣ˵ȫŮ˱ȱĴ嶼ˮ飬ĴּģŮŮ˵Ĳ٣ö඼ȫˣ˵᲻Ǹеˣ
Χһ׷׷**һĦȭƣ˷ܲѡ
ּ֪ʱŮˣȷʵвֱһˣʱھӪſǵԴ
ҲЦǵ˵˼ӣ˵ˣҲٶ룬кսپֱɱˣһѻ˾С
ɽʱʵû˯һװ˯洫Ųһɸ
ɱ˲գ۵ɽ棬һƽ˭£
һ쳹ӣ˴Ӵ£ſڣŴ
ɽǷԭҹϴ·ǣŵüУѡ˴
ŮѾܻԼס
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һվԼԺԴҹɫɽ
࣬ˣԼĪʮƥϵ˳ʣ˶ŹҲһʮѱˣһĶõô࣬ɽĺ̨Ӳ
˰Χ˴ӣ˶ײţҪŶ룬Ĵֳɪɪ
һ״һ˴ԺţƼŵؽסС
һͷƼҡͷģ£һɣʲôʱúǾ仰㿴񡣡
ƼһôһΣյĳ棬˭޷ƽһⵣһҪһѵģòÿԼѡ˱ⵣⶫܶ꣬áƾǸⵣʮȥҲܸͷǴ顣
ңиŮԼ߳ˣ
˳ָķȥʮΧŮˣһ**ǰϷһֱűⵣĽƼˣ˼ɽʹ죬ŭ϶ۡ
ŰߣҾˣһǰΪһǱھֺܵŮˣ
һޱ飬ͷϣûҾǳСǱھֵͷһһ˵ΪǱҪһ˵ͺã޹أ޹ģһ·ҵʳҲܸ㡣
󣬴Цɽһۣһ֪ŮˣΪ˵ֻΪ˱ȫǽԴĽ֮磬ǮԣŮҲ࣬ΪһݵĳŮֵֵΪɱȫ
Ҹ㣬ȫеʳŮˣɽģʲôȫ塢ȫ壬ЩӣһŹ
һ˵⻰Ȼ롰Լ⻰˵ģ֪˲ģֻɽȺɽȺɱ˷
һͷȻˣǵſϷŹǣ
Ҫػȴѣ磬ŮϹ߶߶ɶѽƾɶ̸ˣŮҪɱɱ٣ֱӰײС
һ㶣԰һ˵ôֱ࣬ӴɱͺãǺͿˣǱһ̹ȻߵǰƸסˣ㱻ǣűߡ
ٷϻȫĶˣү·ߣһţԹԵػӭǽȥѹζŮ˶ƿţȫҹ
ﴫһЩ˵Ͷλүǰɣ
žͼķһһ򿪣ɪһСм䡣
ҿţﲻԾһզȫŮ˺˺ӣеأ
ǰΡΡ߳˵үĺӶɽȥˣʮûԵˣкðɣŹǰɡ
û˰ɻ°ͣûˣɱ˭أǰеɱеĸŮ˿Żסǣôһ㣬ûеġ
ȵȣЩСҸʹ˸ɫСȫץ
ǸɸȥһΣЩͷԼ򵥵ɽû룬ҵĻҡڵߵڣֱȥץС˵˶ɽˣԼѹЩ淴
ǽݵʱһͽƼһۣƼһ𣺡ɽɱ


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ƼһɽǵĴԵ΢ţɽֻɵˣͷʲôĶС
ɽûѽƼ£ֻץСǰѻźӵƿʱһֱ޿˺ŮˣͻȻֳǡ
Ҫ˵ɽмɣһͲʹ**ӶֶţûжҷҲһֱͼŶ룬͸ǵóˡ
Ҫ˵ûмɣЩԾȺӰҰѶ
þǷɢСӽһ㣬˴ɳ֮
Ҫ֪ȫ嵽׼ٻˣǮƺʳܺö˶˵ظȫĳطöᱻҸֶԼҪ˸ϳҲðҰ߹ȥ
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Ҫ֪Ǵӱһ·£ٴӵʱһ˼ңǻ˼иӣǵˣӵļҲ
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صæס۾С׼ʱͳһСͱץɽ̽Ѫ⣬һʱ䣬Ǹͱ˶ӵɽûоʹֻǾʲôģһѪȪӿһưͱһСȷɣ֣ͱңҲ㣡
˵ţӵ͵СȥСӦ죬ҲӲӲܡ
ɾɳӣ۾ͨ죬ŷͬ鱻ͱһĿѾԺˡ
˹˲ϱͱͬ飬æȥ׷ˡ
׷Ժؽŵĺǳ˳ųͷɽͷá
ɱ𣬶ɻѣôŲԾأǰٴӵʱ򣬸ǿʹ񣬿࣬Ҳ˵˽ɽΪʲôԼһЩ˵Ĵɤ
ԽԽԾкܶ˵ĺУбײ˫ˣ
Ϊֹⷢжʮ˸ڴΧѲߣֹܣʮ˸Ŷңǲʣµ˲ȥѹηݡ
̴󺰣ã˴ﳷϣϣ
䣬ͱһѪӺӿʹסðѪݣֻʹĹ
˶ҺСֻаƴСȴܴﵽ˾˵Ĵ͸һʱ˭ҲûϵԼϴôˣʬϹ䣬ŵĴײ
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ƼһߣһһЩ˱ϾпıⵣϣҲ޷á
ۼһѷĴ󵶿˽Ƽ󱳣ϡһ¹·ĳײϴ󵶣ײ
ײ𣬵ǰʵĴȴ˾С
һֳֳͷ˲ݶĽ̹һ񣬽̹ٵͷƼһ㣡ס
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һĵҲǲݶĽ̹ٸģŮ˶罭Ƽǿ׳һе򵽵ŮˣʱײŮˣƿأӪʳţʱҲٳӣĽСĽ̹ٺͱҲСóػغսŵݶһſҹɫڻ˭Ҳǡ
ʵԸɽû𹥣ڴķݴľƽṹ͸˼£ҪһѻˣӶ군
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һͽƼսһֽýʧȥ˻ѵɽɨ·˭һͷȥ
أһɱ˺󣬲ɱˣĨ˲ӣǳɽǵֱۿȥǵ˫֣ɽǾֻܷʹİҪôѪҪôзӦģûûָԼֹѪ㵽һȥ
ճһɽһݵĳŮ׵ĸ򣬿ڣһһŰɫߵŮ˽ӽͻŵûҲˣֻܡ
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һͽ̹ǵķʼ׳ۼ˱˺ʱŭҲǵĿɱͬƵ̰ӵĺһɽ
޼Ҳû壬ûҳϿԵɽͬһɢɳһ˺һӣɳӾͻһ
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صʧȥ˵ĴһϻȵѪᵶƼ֯ʰսҴȥ׷ߵɽǡ
һߵɽɲ٣һ֪˶٣ЩҪӻɽٲҪ״ɽǴЩ˿е֪ȫĵΣôõֶΣ´ξͲˡ
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һҡͷǱ˵ѪôԼˣ
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һ֣΢΢üô˭ץסߵˣ
һ̾Ҳ˭ǲ˵㣬̫Σˣ㲻ø
һﲻˮ飬ߣΪβΪǵĽɽģΪ԰սҶСʵʲô𡣡
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Բ𡣡һͷϿҵǸ
Ǹֲ㡣Ҳһͷϴ̲סۣһϵѪ۲ԽԽ࣬Լ̲ˣһߡ
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ϵ𾪣һ˵ǺһˣѪ⣬ȥġ
սĴӴɨǴ⣬ʬ壬󲿷ִûսģŻ²ڼͷĿɱ֮ӿͷɱˣ˻ﲻʲôæڣĴԼ˸ɽʬиʦǴ󣬴ʬŴꡣ
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ʹʹ࣬Ҳףǲ𷴿Ͳֹһٶˣȫ˱°ߵŮˣ˶ˡ
ҲǵһһߣսʱҴӵؽȵɱӮˣС߳ؽѡ
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һߣ⴩Խ߲Ḭֻ̇ż˳ӡ
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˵ɽս˶ıƥϧռΪУЩƥͱϧѡ
һ뷨ȫˣǣվ˵ʩͰǿԼɱУн졣
Ӧöһʲô£ǿסģֻʳԼܻȥ͢ҪӼöˣһ䵽ϵж٣
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ЩսһٶѣȻҴӮⳡ̣Ҹϣ´ΣôˡÿÿԱЩÿҶһؼңǷҲΪӡ
һԸֳȥõЩţٶأҲֻһˣֻһѵֵµĳÿһѣɱǼҵĶ࣬һǣù
үȥˣ˵ЩӦϽٸЩղ˽ԳС
һƿڴҵˣҰѿҵĵϽٸ֮أɽ֣Ҳֵ𣡿Ҳȿ㣡
˵⻰ƽʱƢͱȽϻ𱬵һӣһҳɷƽΪûؼҵʳǮ٣ԼڱҵԱȣȻһǱ߰ǵ˿үֻ۸ͨա
ҪүȥǸˣңΪ֣ϵѪۻδԷǼѪմģֹһѾմĴ׳꣬ŮУմˣ˷ŭһ˵Ѫԣ֮ǰϥҸɻĳͬһˡ
һϾضүүоԼһⱻ˶ţǰΪһԳүֻΪүճ̣һͳ˹ϵá
ףһԳүʵʰģǰڵвƿصˡ
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䲻ȫˣҵĲ԰ȫ壬ҵȻϣҺúõġСȥﱨ٣ͬҳһȥ٣Ҹ׵ţȴʼδܵõٸĻӦ
ֻΪӵڽԴأˣϻɽУӵ˴˹УⲻԮأӣȳͽһǷǣ׿ܺǣʱ͢ҪսЩϽҲ١
ô˵ֻΪ±Ľڡ֮ٸҪսɱٸ֪ս˶ٱһߵʦͳƣҲ˭ҡˡһ˭ҵĻˣ˵
һǰ٩٩̸ӣ
һˣ֪䣬ĺøжѾ50뻹5㡣
˵Ҳǰǰ
һƲ⣬˵ӦǸǶʵƿص㡣
ȻξˣҲӴľɲʵǻХӪ죬޷ʹХӪΪá
Ͳһˣô̡ھ֡ӪÿһõϵģҲԶ롣
붥ھӪõʶսѳһӢ£ղʶ
ѾǽԴݸŮˣǽľȼãĶݣ˳ǻ
ǰһͷˣûдԽߵķ֣ɳٶȼ仺
ܱסȫպȫҲΪã˵ԿٸٶԿɽİٶˣѾܲˡ


263 ĺ
ȫսʱ򣬡Ԯ١
һԮǻХӪ룬ԼھӪύֵԼµ£ܹʮǰ֧Ԯʮ˲ɽХӪҲΪһССĴӵбʮѾļˡ
ʮ˸ϵʱŷ֣һƬǽ壬ǰʬİʬ壬ɨĴɨ˰̵ӡ
ʮ˸ճʱǰǰΪ˷ֹɽӣһڷַ飬齨һ֧ȫѲ߶ӣѡ׳꣬ҹ൹ѲߣӰȫ
ңѲ߶ӰձһžãһѲ߶ӶӳҲ
ߵǰʱʼĿʼ
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ˣʱѲ߶ѾԱѡιһǶӳھֵʦηֶӳ൹ӡ
Ѳ߶ԱÿԼĪʮˣʱһڴӸλվڷںѲߡ
СӸڴϳʱڱѾˣϱӳһ
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ΪӢ۾ɿգҪ֣һʹɽ
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뿴ԱûӦСһѣüӦôˣɽʱû°ɣ
԰æ˵û£Ҹ˵С̫ˣûһ˾ɱɽĶң嵽ɽвһͷǽһˬ
԰ϲ赶Ūһֹõ˸ϲʱ̲סǰһгһգܸһȢؼңһŮס
Ѵϣ˵ЩͲܱû鶼
԰ôһ䣬ˣǰʱҪҲڴͺˣܺһսѲὫǻ壬ֻǸα˴ˣ
ɫɷף˵һĻȴ֪ôڡһжԼˣ֪ģСÿζһǰ֣һ˸ߡ˽ֻŮӵʱȥװѧӳ
ʱżȻײڴһԸӶ˵ǶԸһ˽ǰ£ʱô¡
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һԼչǴˣǰǵһӦǴһһĿиߴΰĵһӢˬ˰Ů£
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Сӿǰ˵ĵֻüӢµһΪһǿԣǵĳɳ
˭˵ĽٵģСӱӰĽ٣˽
뷴Ӧѵ԰䣬תͷлãϴ󲻶£һڲԣζ޴壬ȻСûȫȫβصȵһ
ҡͷЦǿʲôϵҿųģȻҪչ˺ǡ
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ţͼۿ죬һҼģȻֻǣԴ磬֪֮˭չǡ
˽һ㶣԰סҪߣȥģ
װȰ԰ԴҲҪ˵ѽֲСŻһӲ˾ͿԲˡѾʮˣѰ˼ҵŮҵͣǺüӵˡ᲻ң˼꣬ӲùпڳԵȫСҵľȼȫﹻԡ
࿴һ˼ңǮ˼ҵĹӣҷҼ޹ȥȥġ
һݺѾȫƯŮӣڽԴҲټòֻܳǸũƾò޸˼ҵҲǿԵġ
޼˵ĸ鲻Ҫڼʱܼ޵˼ȥôùڼһ־ȼԡ
ԼǲԸģԼѾ£зĻ񣬶òʮ⣬зĸݵ΢ȴ޼ҵԶݣҲϼף˶⣬Լ
Ȳˣ룬ϣܴһزĻ
ȻûԸ
Ҳ˵ξǰﻹһǲġ˵ξ󣬼ԼָܻյλϣǴӣοѰ˼ҵŮӣ
ʱȫȢĵһӣѾ۵ˣŮΪ徣۵Ĩȥ֮ټįҲԼΪȻʳӣͨũŮס
һһΪͬѰǿԼػλŮӣŮӡ
³ĺˣӣ񲻿ֻ԰¶ᣬΪֻ޼ңųԵñˣȥ޼ҳԷ
οͬŽߴӪٿһһչ˺ԼϵǮǣͬ뿪ˡ
ʮ˵ĶƺƵɶҲûɣƻȥˡӪŷ֣Ӫһֵܱˣŵ֪ǰŸߣ֧Ԯؽ˷ˡ
ԭҿ˵ɽΪ˱ȫĻġΪʳͽǮɲֹȫУȫɽʱ⻹ҲͻϮ
ȫȣгˣ޷ӳ쳣ΪжΣ٣޷ûԤ֪ΣգҲû֯ӷ˯оͱĨ˲ӣӱɱݶһѻˡ
ֻһӣΪܺĴӱȽϽֲԾˣ֯˲ˣʳʹĲƲȫһգҲӱջٵ³
֪ϢȫͻһҪûһķ𷴿ǾͲֻʧһٶˣ³ȱĴõȥ٣Ǳס˴󲿷˵ʳҲȫ˴ӡ


264 ɥ
ɽϮüӵºܿ촫ܱ߼أڽԴǮة亹ֱ𽥷ɽƿˣ˵סۺͱɽϮȫи㣬ôɽҲˣ
ܺĴֻȫ壬ǮةܰסΪʱ
ܺĴֹԴصĴӣصģҲ͵£ûѾ֪ɽĶС
ͬеоۼҪ˵ȫ֪ɽĶУ˲Ѿв˳͢ͳΣ˵һԡ񡱳ôӲ
ǣһȥݸ漴УһȥХӪ
û뵽ͻȻҴʱ벻ڣȻҪϣ汣ݾͱ¶ˡ
˵ûȨХӪģְղ󳼵Ȩ󣬼жҺղ⣬Ялʵּͣͬʱ̰ܻߵȰԼѹҡ
²̫ĹϵǷǰܣԼ淴̫ľͬʱղ󳼵ݣͬ˵˷ˡ
ХӪһˣ˵̬ȽӪȴͬףְӪ
֪һ淢˼¡
ХӪ֮ǰѾаʮ˶뿪ǰȫ֧ԮүҪ÷һ࣬ʲôֱһžʹӻХӪ˰ʮˣ
˵ԮȫĴſ壬š롱֡
룿ϲʶ룬һǾǵүһСطԻȴԡ롱ָϤ
ûǴĻȥĻƺҲС롱ֻϲͬˡ˵롱˶ȥƾһھӪСУɵ߰ʮˣʲôﰡ
ǹһĨЦͨХӪĳС̽ǿģ
Ȼɽңε֮оͲ̣ܶеʱԶ̫ĵطչ
ؽˮ⻹ûֳɽݿ̫ˣãڰ
˷ܲͬϻ𣬺޲̾ʹȫ֧Ԯ
Ϊ˵ȫѾ˰ʮСȥûҪ˷ѱȥ⼸ӵİա
޼ƿʩֻϣһܳŵԮޱȵϣԼǶ£κһӵݡλȨˡֻǸˣΨһҲ͵ġ
Ͷûû˵ĿףĵĲʺͷŭӡ
Ϊ̽£ҲΪʱ䣬ɽֵԽܶݵʱԽʼûӦĴߴ١
ֲҷֺֻţ˭˼үֻһء
ڴ֮ǰţʩչϣôڿ۾۾ӲǱӡ
ɵӣ˼ﲻ֪ٳĺڰΪڰ͸ܣſĳ֡ɵڴЩαͬţƯ׺͸߹λʱѺۡ
ϣȵХӪȥܺĴʱΪʱɽȥֻ¼յĴӣԼɢĽʬ
óСУǸģֻоˣǰһеʬͻû͸Ĵ񰧺ײײŻ¡
ȻǱˣˮȣȻҪˮ˭룬֪ﻹ˻ţҲû˴ȡ
ԵˣҲηۼȫұɽɱʬ壬ۼһӱջٵʱԿƲסŻ¡
˻ţ˻ˣ
տڣߵıһֻۣһСѣϴˣûˮզ˻𣿡
Ŷģվָָѵأɳ˻𣡡
⵹ǲУûһ˶ɳ˻Ȼ*أصˣ٢ҲѾȻ
ɫЩ˾Ȼ£
ȻڳЩ˻ѡġ
״ʹɽ䣬ˣȥ֧ԮһӸҪһȥˣֻ࣬Ϊء
һ䡰Ϊء㽫ʱе̣
ʲôȻҲôͬţһΪάһΪβǺ
үʮ¹ٽȴҴߣһҴߣͿܶһ֪˵үӣҲЩɡ
ӣĿްֱض
ûбڳΪ٣ߵϳʹ̫ӣСʵۣЩϳָʱҲҷο
һССҲ
һӵĸñӿһϧԼõĲˬʮϱܸʲô
ʱﴫϴˣھĴ֮ףǵǰ;ɹĲŻʢҲȰһ仰ɴ߲Сڡ
СڣôСڣĶ飬Ŀ䡣
˵ȷʵҲƴƾʣʮˣָɳΧĻ棬ӵӱԵ˾ȳ
˵ĴֻʮˣŵŰĴ񣬴ʱȫͬһںһֻ䡣
æ˼죬ȥԮͰٴ񣬵صԴأ˸һŷһǼʱö·ԼǲǷɵˡ
ֱţ˵ּȥּ¡
֪ȫºûȥȫ壬ЩսɵıҲӡ
֪һ£Ҳûзֳȥǣû뵽п
ʱŴ˿е֪ҹּүʢȥˡ
νȥȻˡ
ּ£ʵҪµƳ١ΪТʢһĺǶҪܵӰ졣
ּһƬɣּҵǫҪɥ޷μӿƿּҵĳŮҲɼȢĻֵꡣ
ͲСˣʱͻδ޵Ů֮٣ĻԼּҲ»һϣľġ
δŮǲǰģȻЩǶѹûɻ飬ԼǱ˴˶Ҫĵơ
˵ʢһּӣһףһĳһճǫһܶϣǲǻˡ
ʢǰಡ齣⽻㣬岮ߥޣȨ岮ּҵļҲ඼岮ȥֱƭȥּҵļҲշת䵽ϡ
ּҵūڶ࣬ŮҲ࣬Ǯĵط٣Ҳ̺žԼͱ¨ӣеĹѾòǮʢɥ£ǫΪƿʧһըĸ߹ȫҪǮʢҪǮòǮôأ
ֻּǮǮ˵ֻСǮҪСǮּҵĹ˳
ǣòóּҵȨּôжȥ̸ҪʱҪ棬ߣһ͵˵Աߣ֪ĻΪѾһλ
ִ£ĸҲǲֱӺġּΨհԼŮĻ¡ж;Ҫ˵һ֡
˫ͬ꣬ôҸ͵͵ţԼ֮¹档
Գɲɻ鲢⣬ֻñĴ࣬ʲôƽԣֻ޵Ȩ
ԼԸȥģ٣һΪԽĵѡ


265 ̹
¹ż緢ŲĬͬһʯ
ȵ¥ӺŽʱǰÿ¡ڼ䣬¹Ҳ˺ܶˣ˥ܡɼˣ¹Ĵȴ֧һСӣַȼ⳯͢ѹ
͢ڲôǮվӡɣЩͨˣȴôѹء¥ǰĻƣƸƹܶ꣬ѣĻƲ˲٣ڡ
С磬ʳͶ𣿡һ䡣
СƲ֪صֻ֪һλ͵ĹΪԼϰĺ飬̬ʮֿ˵ⲻʮûţ۵ķѾ˺ö࣬û취ճԲ𰡣ֹٽǾǿˣֻϣ꣬Щ˰ɡ
ͷۣġǣûۣ߸Ͳʲô죬ЩˣסǿסֻܿԼ
ǣԼҲסȨ̫СˣĹٳˮ￿סɿôóǮӼˣټ꣬ٺ»ңһֻ¸գ˲ˡ
ʲôǹ٣նЩ˵ζʲô
⣬һźͼǿѰ𰸡
һִһЩۣó˶ֳŵȣȻʱûūƶȣȴԾд˻ū
һִ۸ҪĲܷϻ۶ףҪһҪνЩ۴Ӻζ
ãûһҲԼĿ
ʧδңЩͬ飬ʵ˵ĳӽģһǹٻ³һ׸֮ʱλµŮӣȴΪãܽӴײŮԲӴĶ
ⲢζţǾͲͬһŮӣŮ֮࣬ҲܣŴ֮ڣé֮סͬһˡ
ʥ˵ΪۣΪˮˮܸۡ
ͬͷֳ֪ʱҲЩ֡
ȴҡͷʥ˵ĻȴһԣʥѹͲͨ񣬾ۣȡ֮Ͷʵ
ղˮǸ𢣬ľ
ԣɴ۵ͬʱָ΢΢˵ˣղµľ⻰ҪǱȥҪһ󲻾ıġ
֮࣬ȴ벻ѵеүʵۣǲ̡ɱֻҪֺͷϵĻʵۣһʳǼɡЩΪǽĸŹŮѵСʵһǸӽ
۵Ӳͷ˫ȥ̵ʱʲôظȥһʬ
򼢻벻ûпˣҪӼ˵ʱǰѱ͵ϵȫ͵Ѿܵ˰͸̣ѵƽ
һأͷƱûС
ףʱˣڿ˴״һԳɳΪεˡ
ӸλȻǲʵ£Ҷ֪ҪĹƽ壬ҪİհҵֻеȫͰվһƷЩλƿصĳ͢ſʵ֡
֮ǰĻֻǴ治ǰѻ̯˽Ҫ췴Ҫ쵼ũ塣
ʵиоϸ룬ֵп¢Ĳҵûв֣ھֵϰȻһϤ֪ܲ˼һ
ھֵʦֲҳе飬ðȫɹɽսɵıڻδϽ
֪ڸʲôôٶ
ȻҪôٶۣôѹסԴô໷ŵĲǣ˻ֺû¸գ˻ȥٶֻۣǲϸ롣
ѻ̯˽˵Ҫվˡ
̧ͷֱһֱǶΪ֪ѣ˵ôֻ࣬վ𣿡
ҡͷˣύֻ£㣬ҶּᶨŮӲ࣬ŮӱνĹ뷿Ҷúֳ⣬ż仧Դ֪޸ļҹӣ־㣬Լң𣿡
ɷϣȨζȷʵֳ⣬ȷûмʶ˸󣬻᲻áĿǳĸһż檳Ⱥɷ͹ˡ
ٲһ£˵ǰ󼸴κɽɽ֣ǵıƥһɽõóģǱֹƴľ׽嵱ҲǵѶ̹ףǵĴ󵱼ҺĳԱйᣬй롣
ʣλԱ˴Ȩɽ᣿
ɫɷף˭˴ȨԺֳ֪︡ףȫұɽɱֳģ֪֮⡣ֳݵ󣬶ƾ֪ݾڵɽÿζ֮
ֻ֪¶࣬鲻ֻ˷ѱȥɽȴһֿܣɽ֪йᡣ
ûһҵֻȫˣһѾ߶ǲɢˣɽĿǰɽٵҪǹ·̶ӣΪ̶ǮлǸҶ͢𣿲ңǸҶǣڳϵˣ²һ˰ɣ
ҧȻһˣ׵ǻʵۡϸִСʵѡÿĸǰ˻£Ȼ롣
ϸֱԽɣСʵۣΪ볯֮Сʵ۵ɶɽĿĵɱһң治˵Сʵɵ˻ɵˡ
ĿǰױɽᵳӪ˽ʵȻ£ףûͬ⡣Сʵ۽ƾӵƬ֮ʣ㽫׸ְɼ֮⳯ж¡
һԩΣץɱ˵ɽͷӣҲɽĴ󵱼ң֪˭뺦һҡ
˵ŵ˵ģҪҪΪҺǧǧİһѪծȻҲҪɽҪġ
ܽɽҵһҪɽĴ󵱼ң˵ɱ˵࣬ԼĿɽ˭
Ĭ죬ڵͷҲպ˭ֻ֪ȻŵҪΪȫֻعҪԲɽ󵱼ҵʣҪ׶˵ΪҪɱȫҡ
ȻȻͬ⣬ʳѪȣǲģ뿴ͿֻҪĺǲսС
Ҳɵӣļܺʹ೯͢⣿
ü˭˵Ҫ࿹ˣҾͲǴ౾ľ𣿡
ҲҪֻ࣬Ҫҵľ˾Ǽɡ
˾ˣһ㶣˭˾ˣ
ȻҶϲˣϣҲԼĵҵľ˾˿ɶˣʶĴĽݾĴĽ룬СʵĽ󡣡
ʲô崻ˣСʵôľ˾ˣ
̲סЦĸȻʻδǻΪǰҵĸȻʲδĸعУĸɳˡ
ȵȣĴӣʮǰˣ֪
һǰ˭Ҳ벻ո߹Ĵӣ͵ʮǰȫ壬ҡһԻ룬Ϊ˶ĿһũŮӣͶХӪҵվɲ£ıԻХӪΪģɽ𡣡
ХӪ£뵽ȥҶµʱͶ»׵̽ʱ룬ΪʲôͶ·ϻôãԭҲǱġ
ѹˣԴĿĸǾˣҪҴ࣬ıȨʼգֻǸɵӣӵı


266 ̽
վԼӪʱһжȴǰӼ򵥣һܹ󵨵طſֽ¡
ڴ֮ǰһɽǰͨ˵ķΪֲԾǰȥ٣ٸδᡣ
ټɽܾȷѿ̶ӵ·ߺ;ʱ䣬ǲ²⣬ɽڸӦ
һȷûУԴؿ϶еġ
Ϊ磬ʣ»׽ɽＸûиλߣЩǰСආӦϢ嵱Ҳ֪ӦĴڣɴ˿ɼ˵Ӧòͣʲôͨۡ
һ˽Ǿ͵ûˡȻӦǵλˡ
лɵĶ󣬵Ŀǰûд˵İѱǣ˸취
̻ⶼҲΪּ岮ּҼҲʱŻᱻ룬ƭļҲ
ּҳ˿տǣּҵļҲƽ޹ʧֻ䵽ϡ
ֲҵȷʵһֱڿΪӼˣͶǮ١ҲûǮ׬Լ⻹ܼ
ֻΪݾڴɺ˵ǲˣҪչԶĵط
ϻڻ˴ҶƥȻּҵĵ̵̺ȣ鱦ҲѹϣǰּҺ̺䷽ʽ½˺ˮˡ
ˮʺϺʹණϵҪ½ˣѻ˵ݣȻݵ˺ӣ͵Ŀĵء
ԣ֣һ·½ˡҪ̺СȻ߻һ׬̫ٻ·ϵ̲ʣһͻٶǺüװĻ
һС·߲õģ߹ٵʹ··߱ȽϹ̶ôͺпܱϡ
Ǯةľս죬±¶ԼüСЩĪץ˰ѱԼҲ׺ɽǱϵ
û뵽ЩûвӦ£Ƿ˼죬ͻȻˣø¿𣬽˷˵Ҳǰ棬ȥɾʮ㡣
Ǯة˾裬ԼҲøʱһΪԼ¶ȴҪˮ·ݸˮ·ĹԱЩ˵ЩǷʶˡ
ǮةȲѣͷˣǰʹϵߺŵˣھȻΪ˼⣬Ѱ
ˡһˣǺлԼǿǽԴصһŮˣ˵ݵһỤ̊Ȼؼʱд⣿
Ǯةʱ˵ǲжģûܴϴεĽõԼǷݷֳɣΪȫٰɽʧأûǮзָģǮةԼٺ»ߣʳˮϡȱĽԴһҲսӡ
ǣ뿪ûãɽСӺһ󵨵ľ
ɽǱΪͻХӪ˷һ£ýڽڰˣǳҪǮȥλɽ㣬ͬʱҪбҪǮɲ٣һò
ɽ֪ԴŮӣһŮһǽԴһŮ̡ǴһʧܣٶˣԪˣȻܵȫ˺ʦŮǣǾҸǵģܱȵöԸӵغ͡ũūҶǵˣе˾Ͳˣе˴ǿ׬Ǯټĸȥɥ꣬ܺδɻ飬Ǳÿ
οشҲܴϵܵ
ǮةһҲǣҧҧӦˣиһΣɹͲˣҪż˺úùӣÿôľսػţ̫ĥˡ
αװƽɽ˸ۣǮ˵в̰ģһһΣ׺ɽƲɾ
ǮةԼܳţҵλܸݵĹԱͨţȥݺ´㣬˽⵽·ߺʱ䡣
Ĺٵƽ̹ݲ٣һڴԼ޵ĵ·һ·ϺͷȫĴ·ʯ·Ҫƽ̹Ҳǹ࣬Ҫλڼ䣬޺еĹٵ
ûͻϰ壬˵һκɽǴΣΪźһͬУʱ䣬һֻε֣ŪԴݵҵͬŪϵһɡ
̶һ߿գⵥ⣬ǻԼҵ˿񡢴鱦ȻˣͬʱǶʳ˻ؽԴ
Ȼ̶ӱɽһٶʱԸ޷ˡ
ò˵ɽʵǺãսңϱߣһ·˲֪ȫ׳ӣʵǿ˵пɽһֱûˣתƵ彭һȻܷ󣬸Ǵǿ˾ʵѾв˴೯͢
ӣǱλɽҲסǣǼеҪǿʵǳżĶң׷ˡ
ٴθɽ˲ЩеֻԼԱе˶ǶԳ͢ĳޡɽˣڼĺӵһǧˣȫͷ㡣
ҪǴʱХӪϸý˷ˣȻɽ֣ƱҪȫ屨Դ
Ȼڲʰȫ壬̶ӵıؾ֮·ϣ׼һ̶ӵŮ˺ͻ
ɽû뵽ǣЦΧȥʱЩװĴͻȻһ۷ֳֳӡ
ɽһʮˣŶԸֻаʮ˵ʦ´࣬ɴҲаʮˡ
ս˲ת⵹Ϊʮ۵ʵȶİʮɽǿ෴ʮɽͰʮ۵ʵŤתƵʵǱھֵİʮʦ൱£ǱھֵʦҪһɽǿࡣ
Ϊǵͷһʦ׷磬һѧ־Ļһǰɱ֯ǧѡɱ֣ѵǣǿǡֻҪ
õ绢ХӪıÿճгѲҲֻκÿװģ輸µľ֣һûͳһʵȷʵɽ졣
ƱʮǱʦǾͷſֽսһٰʮɽߵļȫ׽
ȻѺɽؽԴ;УƹأʧѪǲںǵֻŰѺͻȥ
֮ǰǻܲʦ룬һȺŮܵʦһƵЦǺȺŮʦҶӵľǣЩƽԷȥŵŮˣ
ɻȥ·ϣЩ֮ǰ۲ǳĬһ·Ϊ˵ֵܲ٣ʦǣһֽýսͲ˵ǰ棬ȴᡣʦѵأ书ǿЩûʽʹһһ㶵ģȺۣ˳ԸɷķͰˡ
ʦǲǵģȥ·ϱжˣһʤ̣ȥھʲô
˵ʶʦʹЩ۳ĬʦǵĴЩĶˡ
ڳ͢ҲǮʱ򣬴󲿷ۻۣ٣Ҫôǳ͢еġӹҪΪ۽ģӹйǮأ۵һ׶̲
ʦǣǶ˵Լɱ˼ɽȥͷ㣬ÿټӼ߼ȡ
ʲôǸٸɻԲˣʦǻв⣿һ춼ɲȥˣ


267 Ž
ںƽ֪ʦĴôãǻɣﲻƽ⣬ԼԲϷļֻʣ˿Ľ
һʮͷˣڱﲻסʦǴǱھֻ˲㿴в
Աһϵ۸һӣС˵ʲôأǰɣ
˷߷߲ҳʲôʲôˣҷԲϣȫҪˣҳʲô²˴Ĳĸ㵱Ȼ
⻰˵ĹϼŵǴͷĬҲֻͨգ߰˭ȫŷʳգŷֻǸ˷ݵʳǰôйǮڹǮƨãɶһ˷ݵʳôң
ҧأôʹ󣬼˫׸ѸߣֹˣϣӣСѹ
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˵꣬ѺһαװͨյɽǰٲȻѾܹ򣬻ˣǮة̿޺ųȣǮңʲôУλүĥˣǮҽͷ˾
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֪ӣֻ˲Ż磬Դ֮ǰҪԴ˲ţогӡųѶϣֻ΢ʩһ飬Էͻм㣬Ĳ
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ɽһºȫͽ䱸ɭϣ˷ѲߵģҲŽһģİףȥѲ߶ӣԷֹɽȵġ
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ӳӣڶ͵֪ȫ屻ɽͻϮǷ׷˿ԼܳˣȻ֪Ҫڴ
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زǰһҵľȼûǰֵ֣ˮҲָǣŻܱͺڴӴ粽С


268 ĸ
һ³ϵʱһԿţ˸ʱ̾Ҫ֣ʾⲻҪ¶ݣõΪ˲֪⡣
뿪סҲҪ뿪һ
һͷ£
ʼº͵Цһźÿ˵ע⡣
ֻȣһֵһ׮Ҫ͹̸ܷһ˵
żڨδҲһ˲ģ޹ص˷ְע⣬Ȼˣ͵Ͷá
һĵûжճɣΪɺ⻹еѹĴҪ֣ھҲһЩڵ⡣
ȻΪɴڨһȻûٺԼھ̸
˵ʱգǶһԸѾ߰˰ˣһҵĳİ˽ӴѾϰΪĪŮ֮䲻ɲĹϵһòʮ㣬һͷǸ󣬿һҲᣬһ˵޻᲻˴ƣ
һӴϢʱһ侲ԳֵˣҲִ壬ԥ
׷վͤΪĶ֣°ãӡ
ӣôˣ׷㱨ԼյϢ͵ĬǼ˼
ҳ׷ʹɫ׷ûףʣҪֶͳС˵СǺѱᱻɫջŮϲھв˼ҵŮӶģò
׷ÿ˵һ䣬һ֣η˸ۣʵס׷졣
̾һӣѽתŻռƵİӣʱѾ;ĩ·
׷һЦѣˣ˫ҾûӮ
һźɬػСģί߰ˣд׬Ǯкβɡң˵ĵ˱ѣСʵۡǵˣʱ
׷粻ĵСʵ۵Ļһ뻢ıƤһǵͼΣˣ
ΪΪ̫צݽӴȥʹݣǷ˽⣬ֻ˼򵥵֪֡
δֳ֪̫ȻʵܣҲΪ̫óαװݶ͸
ңݺӴҲǼǰˣѾ̫󵳣˶˭Ҳ˵׼
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׷һƲ㣺Ϸͦõġ
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׷żҸϽסС㣡ģĻҲɾţϷһƻ£µģ
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Ѱʰ⣬ݱԼҪľģԼڽԴı
ʮʱѾǰȿײˣӹȷʵã鷴ԭ򲢷˥ϣǶԶҩ
̫һǲеģÿ̫ʹ͸һЩҩ̴㣬Щҩ̴оͲԶҩö֮ͻһ֪ȥ
ɸ֪ܲɱ׷磬׷һͷ̴ָ⣬ݲš
̫󱾿ֱӴݣΪ̫ʵڴ࣬ٴһѹˣοʵȨ̫
ݱͱɣֻ̫̰ģʮĻᣬҪ⼸ʮ꣬ԼĺҪĶ
ǰЩ¸ǲ׷ģţݲƵӶ˿οЦݣǵҲӨˮúúãģϼһﻹƾʲôĽݵģĽ֪Ŀ
ϷˣСЩˣ˵ܶ׷ż
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˼ȥԼһĵ飬֣һкһʮҪҲ˵˵ܲɷ֣˵ȫɽò£ƾʮʦ͸ҳȥȫ֧Ԯɼ֮ġ
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һͷţһ˻ҪͣҪУ֤ﰲȫ͵ĸϡ
߬˱ӣҧȻǳһģ


269 
һҩģ޴󰭣ҪͲãһһˣҲߡ
ңּ˵㣬ҹޣ˭Ҳ˵ʲô˵ˣһŮӣּҲǷ롣
ʱѾߣĴԱ߰һСź
ǴҲٱͬסע˽˱߽Ϳռ䣬ҾͻصרĴѾ߷ס
ķûСģһҪޣҪô˯ͷҪôͬ˯һŴ
Ҹ뿪˵ȥʰͷһ̻⣬ˮʰͷ
һּҿͷסһ仹ͦɾģزĴιȥˣһһ˴š
ղ˭ȥͷ˯£ȵк˽ˮʱһֻ˾䡰ԡ͵ͷ΢ŵءšһ
²˴Ǹݣֻģûʲô󲡣Լԡȫûġ
ŵ·ֶڲԡͰˮһǴΣҲһ棬һһ棬֮࣬ʵĸоǰġ
һǴ֪ĵطðģͺеشڣŵĶһжԷ֣ԷͻӦְģһҪᡣ
ͺʧȥµõʱŻж
ʧȥһ
ֻ֪Լʶһܾˣǵһμ滹Ǽǰ
нʬˣ˵Ҳǰĳһǹأ
ţ̲ס
û°ɣһĳϴþˣһˡ
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ʱһԡһûüͱӻ֡ϡȥˡ
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²۹²ۣڸڵѾ߷Ҳҷɾ裬ⶣҹ𿿽ߣСһ̸Ҫ±ȥ
ⲻ֪Ҵ˾ٲֹܣĳЩΪ
ڶһɨ̬ʮֲһּ뿪ţӦϢȥݣͬʱ
⣬װڽԴס£Դ𣬴˵þ
֮¼ٰڴʮ£ԼԹӵһʦǰݡ
ԹӣһüôĽݼҵ˶ϲգ
ֻǣΪ֮Ѿ֪ˣ
뵽һȥХӪͶ᲻ʱͷ뻹ˡ
¾˼ˣ뻹ţѾͶ¹ϣôԸأ˼ǰ淢̫
Ŀǰƺûи淢˼ӣѱ룬պԸ̫Сʵۡ
ɼ˷ǳóͽĻҪӷ
ΪݵĲһѸٰźʮʦ֧αװ̶ӵĶʹ˴ӽԴų
ڳȺõһĶٽ̴΢Ц̹ˡ
һӸ¿΢ףкͷԹӳһ
СüҼүݸ߹ҪҲ
û˵꣬Ҵӵһ߳°͵˷ǣǽҼС̽壬ȻҪҼСΪ
СֹС㣿ļҵѾߣ
Ҳҡˣɫŵһ
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ҲǣʹٹСҲ̫˽Ӵ±֪˵лЩС
Ļ٣ųñֻнΪ׽˼ĳ࣬ûĻ
ΪԼøһĹϵû뵽һĹϵȻôܣһڶѣҲҪͬ
ϢغݵТ˳ӣȥ̽Ҳ
׼˾ٵĿģһһһ·϶ʱ䡣
û뵽ǣƾںһϵȴΪˡ
ΪһǺԼʦڹ滮·ߣǰȥ̽·ţҲ֪ڸʲôʱʱᴫһЩ΢˵̸֪
ҹҲ˯Ӱ룬һ㡣
˵ŮӹϵҲܾﲻԣżоһ˵ԼϣϸȥѰʱǹʧˣĪ
ô˭ɱĴ̿
ѵ֮ǰѾԴһԵһھ
ԽԽԾˣֻһС˾ͺһȥݣһʵͱ˰ܹͨݣȤ֮ͣˡ
ԽԽ£֮ҳԼ򶨵
Ӽ뿪ݵؽʱ⻹Ƿˡ
ݱɽ࣬ٵϡãľïܣײˣ̽·ʱʦҲ룬һҲˣڳǰ棬۹·˷
ҲΪˣɽʱȲΪģԿɽ
̶ӳһ˻һ˶ǰǮģȥһˣҪĿϢ裬ҪĿҲΪͼݸ´Ϲϵʣ⣬ػ涼ݵزǳĲƥкͷܻӭۼۿɱȱعֱĹˡ
һƴķڽԴؿܾʮǮһ飬أԽԶĵطԽݣ۸һ飬в̼ңὫԭƴķиɶСķÿ۸ȴ䡣
ԣװĻҲ൱ֵǮױ˵ϡǲװһױ¶Ϣ裬һҲðװɳȥʮʦ˷ʱ䣬װȥ׬Ǯϵ뵽һȥ
û뵽ѾγǮɽӦɽǡ
Ϊ̽׺ʦһģΪԴһỤ̊뿪Դܶ˶֪ҲųɽǱͨУԷ
ңݵĹٵôһҵ·գѶ½ء
ڣһ׼ʮʦھֵľӢһҲһټڣһСɽ⡣
ɽ*һϳԹοװȫ˷ϣӦԳ͢˷ˣٵɽܹҲһˡ
һʵ̫СһھˣǵһƵ·Ϊʤˣһٸں֮ڣҲĵ
һҪָʦɱΧʱڹٵһͷȻһ㡢ŲпĦ
֪ɽ˭һٱˡɽŵɢ롣
νĹٱǵĿʽȻǻХӪıΪ״֮ˣȻ롣
û°ɣżûȿͺһɤӡ
ɽǴºΪӢ۾һǰȴܵ˶̿ڶ
ӣζЦݵͬһ㶢뿴
׹ߣ촽³֣ںþò֡


270 
ԭأȴЦݣֵܼ棬úµĿ϶룬ݸ߹ڽԴиô̫˳飬Ѳ˸ϵ
ûеݣϾ˶ӣʦлХӪı̫󵳸ݵŮ
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ֵһ꣬ʮǰ£ʮ֪ܲʱվСʵۡСһѧϰԱ˴˵ĳϤʮʱ䳤ô仯ѪŨˮֵҲϳ˴ˡ
Żعô²ɽһ飬һʱ֮˵
һɨһۣС͸ˣûá
ץѺͻؽԴʣɽǨԴôݱ֣߳ϴӦ֪ôʡ
²ȥһŮҲʸ񷢺ʩ
δ䣬һƴϣ֮󣬴ͷĿѣ
죡£żһ¶е㲻һʶ
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԰ٳ֪׷ɽݱ߽磿һֱӿʡ
Ŷ£ȻҲ˸ٷ򳤵λã¹ŰˡȶҵεߣƻХӪһУξˡ
ɫ΢ÿЩ˵ȴ٣ץɽˣ˵ɽٻҲŴǰ˷ˡ
һɽһˣջҲ㲻һȴÿϧҪʦɽǾܶɻһƥǰװױ˻ХӪҪ֪ХӪ֮ǰʦѾɽˣǰлɽʱҲˣڿǰ׳ˡ
һǰߣ̹̽ڣôİӣ
Ҫ֪ǱھȫŮʦͿ˾ˣŮܲףһ֪
һΪȻҵĿҪͬУ𣿡
ҧȻˣԷʵܣŮӻӭӣ˭ϲ
ң˵ڽԴôйأһԴˣʲôҪ͵ģ
ɫÿܿǸˣҪĻԻүͻΪ
ǣҪģͼ
ͼʲôĿһϣԡһ˼ʱ˭Լ
붢һݵİɣսҲϣ·ͷͽԻǱϡ
һʣô䵭ˣ뻹뻤ϣŮ⻷ã봿в
Ϣ͵Ҫģôͣ˴˭һܾԼ£ңڣܺһĻѧӦ
һδֱӴӦǿ»ʹԹӲУϾ˻ġ
Թӣһ㶣ܻԹˣ
ŵƮްХӪԶ԰ٳΪս԰ٳԻǣм
ֻ涷޵Ĺһ˫ɶԳ֣һҵһ˵ضͬڨһҲ᲻
ֻʵЦһᣬֻᡣȻ˻ХӪıһ·ʡȥ鷳ٹʱ࣬ҲױΪѡ
Ƚ˼ݾڣһȴûе̬
ߵս±ĻҪϾӸӿ뼻ݵԭƫĵ߹ռʧݵ쳣ҡ
ݵȵиɺͼģݵȵսҺ˭ùأ
Сʵ۵ֵֻｻָٰϯƻᣬ˵Сʵٰٽڣŷ׼ʳƾȥ˵Ϸȡ
еȴ֣ݾڣٵϿʼԽԽ񣬹ͻͬʬԽԽࡣ
Щҹͣظ··ϿŸɾˣӵȥ֣ҪǮᶯȥ͵ȥҲ֪ЩˣˣºͷɵԼѾ塣
̶ӣǲǰΪХӪı⺷ʦһͲǣ΢ýЩ˹ٵͻᱻǺǳ
սҵµļıȸɺµļĸ£Ϊͬʱһ˵ĵµߣ·ѾˣеǶ·ϣҲеǱˡ
·;ǰһֱţż˲Żƿ͸ҲñǺֵ档
ʱѵȴָ߳ӴҰ׼ʳһ
Ǽʳ˰ӿ漴ֱХӪĵľˡ
ؿС棺ٳˣŮӷַʳôⲻǸ鷳𣿡
ʱִѿڶǡʥĸ
üѵС㣬̫࣬ЩʳǱˮнЩ޹أ˾Ҳı䲻״ֻǵг̡
ΪЦǰٳ˸ʱ䣬һ룬Ǳھֵʦǡ
ԣʦͦţһϾǵ⡣ȻǿھľӢһһ൱ɢ޴ȻܻסԼϰ塣
ַʳҲǼ˾͸ֻŮ˲죬ңڷַʳʱ򣬸ǣһ·ߣݽԴȻָɺȥҽԴּңּһһЩŮ⣬ǱھŮʦȫŮҲŮ
⼸ҵŮÿ¿쵽㹻ľȼǶеĹǰŮˣЩԴܻǾͱñ֤һŮ˴
е˲ŲںʲôŮ˴ҪôֻʣԼҪôǼŮȫˣ׼õʳŮˣ׼һ뿪ȥЩŮ˵ʳ
ȴû뵽ԸֳʮʦҪȥԴҹһڷԵŮˣԼǵļǰԴ
ԣüͷסỤ͵ǰɣ·ʦԼΣվأ
ָɺҲùЩ඼ǴݱĴɽƵģûȥݡսҵıӵɺݣɵӲŻô
ǰŸɾŮӲָʳԸʦȥݣ˵׼г·أ
ԱţݵһỤ̊ͬеĻݵһŮǵĲȫʮϰٸԸԸţǾͿξ
ûŮȻǻȺУ˷ӣʲôݵһỤ̊û˵רָֻŮ˲ܸʦߣ϶Ϊ˹ŮȥҤ
ǣȺԲϷ񣬱˷ӹҤǴ˼ҵѾߡС檣Ǻܺõĳ·ˡң·ϣѵͬеͲΣ
룬һѣҲܺù·ϡ
ʱ·ϱŮǣͻȻŮǸϱƽ޹ʶݣ浱ɵӲɡҪͻؽԴˣҪʦǵǼڲᣬҪΪŮ¶ԷҪ˫˴˵ȣ
УҪǻؽԴŮӵϿɡ
е˼Ѫ׻ףŮһڷϲʶһؽԴʦǱһŲϡ
Ůӵġɷ򡱡˫סʹŮӰǣŮӵͷ˵ϵ˺ΪڸǲסʦǳסŮӣɫ׺ݣһ㲻ǵŮݱСơϾʦǵ֡ԼװѾǴѰŮеġ
ĬĬϷһ̹ҲСһ𣿾ȺеŮӣǲϷҺѪףδΥ¡
һһۣƣֽȷʵƣɲɵӡκʱ˲ϣѲԹӻóӣΪһ
һǸ߸ϵĻӡүļֵ϶ԶŮӣֻȥѡǹŮǵĸֵʱ򣬺һ˫˫´һͬԭʼһֵֻ˿


271 ɥ
˵֮ǰһϸܵ䵭ֻһ⣬˿̣һ￴ϰĴڣܵðⲻἤġԡȤֻоԼŮˣЩһ
ԼҲû뵽ȻΪһ򵥼仰ͱŭۣΪϵضһõ̹ԣ⻰󲻾
һɻѣôͻȻˣԹ㼱ʲôҿ˵ʲôԵۣ
һһͷβûҲδӣһֻǿЩŮӵҪԣ˵ð
ΪʧȨҪƽʱȨ׼ܵðв
ɫ뿪һΪ⣬˻𣿶һ࣬һҲ١
ЩΪԱ𱻾֮кһۻ֮ǷŻ𣬽Ѳߵĳһʹٲһ
ȣһЩһֱ֮Ů̫ˡ
ʦǴ˰Ůļڵʮ˺һ̶Ӽǰҹǰִ˼ݳǣͨ飬˳ǡ
ûͨ飬ǶȥҲÿʱ׼ˣϻХӪǼû谭
̶ӽǺʣʦȰͨҵĲֿ⣬Լһǰҡ
˵룬ϣԷôǽǣӹãҼҴҵ󣬸Ⱥס֮ѡ
ûȥҵ˼ˣֻǰȥҵľ¥ס¡
ңХӪȥɣصһݣΪһ˼֮Уڼݴһ㣬ĸβ
ûӹҲסк뿪
ԶȥıӰ˼СһС˻⣬׼ҹȥ롣
ȻֵˣΪܰŪڹ֮Уһ˽ˮôУҲţ˵ĵ˾ѣǰ̫һݺ룬ȴҪƷ̫Сʵۡ
ʱ꣬ٻصСĸңɸûʣֻΪϷ˸ݵĲأȫ£ӵˣȫҴ
ǽӣֻԼˣڽʱԥ
ݾͻʮʱ䣬Ҳû취ϳɹĸֻܳŲһ£м䵫е⣬͵Ȳ
ࡢžĸң
ҲȫҶӣƺе㲻ԾߣѾ˰ɫɥ
ˣ
Ŀһʱҿʡ
ŷڸҴ꣬һ۾ϳ۾һ죺ССССˣ
Ŭƽʣйϵİײ˭ˣ
ŷĬͷĨ᣺Сүʹү
үľ˾ˣСүǾ˾˵ж
ŷ˵ҴүСүǰӼʱ򣬲֪ģͻȻ֮УӲ̤
ҲΪ£֪ŭץ˷µ񣬴Լֽ̡ȫϳȥκǣҲ˶˶ľȼãʩ̶ȫ
Ǽݵʴȸ֮ңÿ궼רŵĽսӼˣֻǻ͢ҳӺͳ񱩶УϷѾ²Ŀǰǳӷˡ
Ǳļͥӳжϵض룬ҲͬϷ˴СԼ˵ĽҲͬⲻֹֹյĶϱľĸҲ룬ɷ򡢶ŲأҲһ˳𸵼ҡ
֪ԼһǸÿޣ˵׽ĸţܸϵüͽҩҵǣ˾˺ͱˣͬˡ
ؼҲƬ̣ĸӭֻǣĸɫ㲣ŮЦҲʮǿ
ǻˣĸ⼸ճԲȥҩҲֻǿһ㣬ȥڣܳԵ¶
ۿ죬⣬Ȱο˾ĸȥĸ
ɾĸ˰ͷһһȥݡ
ûȽݣһŵ˸Ũصҩζ̫ˣζɢȥҲͨ磬ڲ˻ָ
һźһעһߺʹһѴȴ򿪡
ڸݴǰˮֹסݱ֮ǰ˶ʮ꣬˿žһãŮʱĴȰλĺ˶˷׽Ͱ
ˣݿ̫ˣ˾˺͵ܵܶѾ
Ļ˵ڣնؿͷ૵̫ʼղԸŹǸˣǺ޷⣬£˾˺͵ܵΪãһȥλ
ȿȿȣ˵ţЦˣ˰˾ͺһͣһҪ˼ûСһ˵ͦãǹһӡ˭룬СӣûŹǣ
һҪǸλãκ˶ԲһҪۣ
ץŸݵ֣ҧأЦݣĸģǸλһҵģ˾˺ͱܾԲĸҪúûţҵǻһ졣
ݵõҪĴ𰸣жȥһ㣬̾ˣһǼˡ˾󣬺ܿͻֵˣ̫Ѿûҩ̴Ҳ֪ҵĶԷʱղˡ
Цĸ̫ˣĸ֮ҩɽ⣬Ѿ˽ҩ˰ƣĸ£Ҳġ
üҩĴ򶼿еʲôнҩ
廹ϵˣ˭Ķ˭нҩ͵һˣֹˣҲˣϢ裬ǽҩ
ݵɴֲ̧ۣסҾ˵СôܸΪ£ҰģݵͷǸСӣ
̫˵ʱֿʼԣϽιҩͬʱ˰ҩڣݲǿȰԵ·ˡ
˳ˣҩԺ࣬˵Ҳ˳ˣˣóҩҲףҪʲô
ιҩĶһ٣ʹݣ˵ҪṩЩݰˣҲôǸλӡ
ʵϣҪĲֹô򵥣һһݣΪһڶҪԺ͸̸
ûдԽлˢĺøУһûаֻúռ̰ͼһǮͱϢһĹϵֻĿ֮һĿĻǸӴĸңĸݡ
ȻȥҩʱȻˬˣҪݡ
̸УȻԲ룬һУҪԸ˵ֻˡ
һҲ˵ܲȤ˯Ķ
Դӳǰ˸ܵĽӴ·˶˯һ飬δֿ˸ң֪˯ͷǺ˯һ顣
һţǸЩµӣ̾⼸µ˯ͷС£Ϸ˻֪ûǱŵ㡣
һӶûк¹Լ԰˵ĸ飬Ҳ˵۹⣬֪кܶǣѹʧ䣬ʵŴȥͷ


272 
Ȼһҹ˯ʱҴŷ¸һֽһûб仯ȴ𵶣غţСĴ򿪴ϢذֽϻλҵĹ뷿
Ԥϣ˵ֽ⡣
һʣû˿ɣ
һҡͷûУҪ˵
˲ûصһһۣôû¾Ͳܽ
һʵҲûȷʵҪ˵ʵ̸żһǼд˽ġ
еһͷһʰһ˯
˽˵µͷͬһŴϣ´ſ˵ȻǳǼҵǮġ
븵̸ݺܳҪĿǰľ͸ҵδȰ˵Ϊá
Ҹӵ⣬̫Сʵ⣬ԭҲܼ򵥣ʹʮ꣬Ҳ޷̫ͻʵ۵ģΪҸȻãѪǾǻʼãȫпܽѪı
ʹǸûı֮ģѱ֪֮˸Ҹӵݣ˶ҡ̫ĸӵĵλ
̫ıУҲ˼죬ֲ˵һŮӣֱͻּңͬˣΪ壬Ҽ̨ĸ󻼾ֻʣ˼ͳӲ˵
̫Ҳû뵽Ȼҵ¶̫ҽ̫ҽŮҪЮõ˸֮Ľҩ
һж֮ǰҲ˵һʼǳ帵ġ
ԽһĿռһαˣΪƫִжİ϶ܴ⣬û뵽Ҳƫִжġ̥ԭϲ룬жϲԽߣҲ⣬пܣֻΪҲ̰ԽߵĲƸ
СɫֻԭŮϲΪڳСɫо֮ϲС˵ĲǳСںĴԽߣֻ̰СòͲƸԼһı
෴ڳСоӴӴԽ߱һ֮󣬶һֻѵͣ鰮ɼֻϲԽߡ
ܴԽôƷһڿռûմ
ȻҩˣѱҲûˣҪľ̫ƿء
鸵ҸǨݻԴڽԴܴ󣬻ΪѣڽԴڣ̫צ첻Ҫ㣬ҿǨݣΪݽһռĵط
ȻЩƻвΪ֪ݣ͸˵ġ
֮ҪݣΪȫˡսӱԭ죬һ²Ϊûаԭ鸨룬ºպս꣬Ҳֻڶ»쵽һٳλãԭʱѾڱ߶Կˡ
ʱڱ¾ɿĵֺ£ҲΪĹ⻷ӻߵսһȴرȥ
һֱݣûȥǹ⻷౻ýڽڰˡ
͢Ѿʼˣȥ˵Ǯ걱ִˡ
ȥǮ̫࣬ӯ˹⣬˼Ҵļʮֿ£߶̶̰꣬Ѿʧǡ
ݲɿϢƣӺܿҪ򵽾ˡ
࿪ʵƷǰͳκԭƫ뽫ҵľº߿йҵĶأǿصס߽硣
ʮȷʵõģŴʵۻһһСʵһǽڱߣ׵İѽ
Ǳ˼ЦһĻҸټǨʱСʵۺ̫Ȼ˾ǣǨϷݡݵĵλþݵĶߣмҲ͸˴ݡ
СʵǨݲ£˱߷ߣ˴ɶʱھɶƽպͨͲˣһҹ֮˵о²
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ʱıѾʧȥԣʼͬʳǲԼˣרץԡ
СʵպͶǵȻ˲˵ĲзصĻ׹׷ҪȥСʵ۲ңݲ
رߵ佫½ңΪ̰ٿ˿͸ǵݣײеı½ȫһʮˣֻ½ϽŮڸıϷһ⣬Ҫô²Ҫôɡ⡱
ֵҵǣ½СһǱ½һѪ
½С½ҵĮǾҲִݶߣ֪ǲǸСʵˡ
Сʵ۵Ӵоʹ೯͢ĲΪټϱ֣ռ˴౱Ĵء໹ǿŵݳǣ׷׷𷴿пеıطӪСʵ۵УֻԼһء
СʵиؾӪݱӦֻ½ҵĮǾݳǶһ㣬ֻӵطͷ˵
ЩطͷˣеǷصеǵصİúЦǣڡȺ֮ۡУȻüȻʵ˽ӡ
̫ǧ˾˺ͱܣȻ⻹б˽ӡô˽ӣɱ꣬һңǲȻãԼǡ
Щ˴Ÿָţеǹ⸴࣬еǴеµڽ塣
ڽԴյ·Ϣһĸ󣬾Ȳ¶Լݡ
Ϊʱ*֮أĽݼҵģðȻͷָ˾ȵתìͷϻ﹥
ҪģȰ¡
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ѵСʵۺ̫ݺ´ͬʱ̫ôɵĻȫعټٶҪˣҪǴ೯͢ȫޣذչ˳ڵİЩǷһͳ࣬߱
ݵƸӣԼӵݳ˻ХӪ죬ͬʱХӪϾǵطפͳ
Աݺ󣬽žŹ˳ݾܹأѾ˳룬Ŀǰȡ
û뵽ǣԼǴӽԴسģ˳ȴԴء
ռص룬һǽԴԴ˵Դıǳ㡣ݵһŮ͵һŮ̽ڽԴһھЩʦʡ͵ĵƣ£һ
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ɵǣҲôġҪ͸ҺôĳⲻϢ裬ÿǷʸΪЧҵľ
Ϊʱܱ¶Ұģʹ֪ȻãҲ˸˵ȻѪжֻܸˡ
չʾԼʵʸġҲȷʵչ¶ԼʵȻ̫Ƥӵ£ѾĿǰݵ½Сϵˡ
½ҶԻʵĲ½֪ڱصʱСʵȴŵ½ϽؾְϽŮΪǣ½ҵӡң½رߣȲݺ֧ԮʱΪ̫󵳵̰ۣ͵ߵݲʮ֮һ
½ģɵ֪Լ̵ľǺԼȫҺͰյʱǸθ룿ңѡ񡰰ӡأ
֪½Ȼֻ½Сӳˣ²½ҼҾУõĸ½˱²Ŀǰڱߵݳܾȳ½ˣ½øôлأ
õлСʵ۵ͷԼ½ϵһĮǾ


273 
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ܲбͺͱйᣬ̸˲˵仰
һһ㶣ͱй᣿
ԭȷʵ̫ݵ룬ǽԼͱйᡢıе֤߸룬ѹȻ˳谮룬޷뷭ΪЩ֤ͨʵʵڵģֻͨе˰ˡ
Լ̥´ŭ˴Խߣ˾Ҳˣһı£ȫ˳
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׷ˣǿıˣɱ֯ûƶµɱ˻ǱҲûٲɱҳ
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ᱱʵûȴǴԽ߸һģһתҲֻ˵Ĳ²⣬Ҫġ
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ݷĽҩ󣬶Եõ⣬ûھټǨ·ϣ·ݸʱøݣһ»ؽԴ
ݲò׼һŮ½ɽȻҪԭҲڽԴֻһ˺ģҲ˽Դ
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˽ʹϲϲǲϲҲǿԼΪ½Դ˵
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׷ʵ˵˵󿴸ɫϳݸ
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漴׷ﲻ֪ģһ䵭ףʱͫ׷ŴҪڡûСͱһ仰ϡ
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Ҫʱɵȥȫһˣ˶˵ԲһĹϵ
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ȻЩ˱Ůܽ뽭Դ
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ĸµʱ䣬һæͷתˣˣҲÿպ棬ܼ棬дŸǰдŸһ
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274 
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ּҵ˴滻˸ҺεˣǫٲҲʲôԺڳסŹ֡˷ҲˣּҪ̿ˮϸƶķȡ
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һɺȻˣĲδµõһܻ
зңɽɽ֮ͨУԸسǻǣһΪ˳аպȨİȫΧ
ҪôֻܼĳȥҪôڱɽӹĴӰ
һø֧ԮЩׯʱӹЩӣڵؽӣΪһЩҴĴṩӻ
ȻһжģһֲƵģЩнѲ߶ӣѲ߶ʿĹǮ˵ö֪Լ˭˭ҵ
һҲͰѲ߶ӣ༸ӼѹǧȻŮҪ˹˳ʱЩѲ߶ӵĴӵһ˳û⵽谭
ԭܼ򵥣Ѳ߶ӵ˽Ĺһ׷ѵǿ׳ͬʱֺʹѴΧס˭ҷԣԵ̾ͻᱻͬ˾ٱٱʳ
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װĴӣȻֵࡢʳûбפصĴˣɽҲҪԷɽҲҪͨɱԽ׳Լ
ǣ˴ӱɽʱסˣ׷ͶһѰѲ߶ӵıӻ
һ١Ӫ١ʦ٣ԼȫѲ߶ӣټܱ߼ӵͶϣеı˾˵ǧ
ǧڱһ˶࣬ݾڣȴһɲС
˿̣컢ХӪѾִｭԴ⣬ȴٳٹȥ


276 ¶
˵ߣԤ֮УʵһǸܱӣз紵ݶͻܻ򵹸꣬ϰˡ
ΪһߣǽԴ˳ٲãҲǸԽΪСʵųǳأʱСʵ񡢱Űܵ˵ңаҲֱܷǷǣ
ȴû뵽ڳһһϸСʵ۵ıŰʱͬ⣬ͬ⣬̽Ϊʲô཭ɽȣʧԭǻһĽݵľܽÿµľΪľܸı״
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޸һֱһ粢޸ֵļУС̫࣬޸ֲʱ̶ÿһ©
ңСûгشƫʱ޸ҲѷֲԾ
ûгشƫ룬̶ܴÿϵͳߵ磬󶨵ϵͳͻ˼ߵְûߵ磬רŵļ߸
ȻϵͳѾһסشƫҲûл޸ַʹ󱨸档
СֵĳԽʱ޸ֵľΪѾϵͳԶˣǷǳصġ޸󡱣Ҫϵͳֶ󱨸Զͷ͸޸֡
һϵͳ֪һģðҲҪľ֧ҪΪͽԴ롣


277 ִ
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޸Ѿҳһ࣬Ĵ󱨸ϴܲ޸ּܲĲӴʮһ013硣
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ȻһѾĹó˳ԽʱôִԱͬҲóԽʱ
һڲϡ豸ͼֻڵݷľ֣ҲסСı񣬵ִԱǰȫִԱóںִĳץһһټ򵥲
һ֪޸ˣΪ޸ͼϵͳϵźȫˣ޸ּˡ
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ڹۿСʱԽУڹۿˣײͨˡ
һˣ裬ֱ֣ƣ013ĴԽߣһҪ׬Ǯһ̲סСľ
һεųãǰͷ߸磬죬ʵʵļͥֻһͣѪĵܵܡ
ʵ093ǧֻ߸磬磬һо顣
ɽ߲գ磬Ȼȫ޸ָľķֺð͸磬Ҫ߸Ҳһ˲䣬ÿĸǷ׷˺ƤʲôøãΨȨ治á
һʱյ˾֪ͨȥ칫ңΪֵ磬յͶߺͲ
һһ廹裬˳߲յߣصϵͳ⣬Ѱһù
ǹƻ1ƻ޸ֿ


279 ʶ
Сʱٺ粻ͬͨǿܻѼ졢µʱһ񣬵һ󣬽Сٶȵ죬һʱ׼ȷ˵ƻ
013磬Ϊִܲץһʱٹ죬ܵ߻δжСҪɫǶˣǸ࣬ȥһ죬013ҲŹȥһ¡
013ļһ24СʱţܲŵԱְජţֵҹд˯ʱ򣬾ԴµʱͻȻصĹƺ˸һ£̾ѣһһ
Ѳǵѹȶ˸һ£
Աͷû·ϡ
ھش¥߲ѡһ߶һȴѾܹͨ޸ֵϵͳӶͬ013硣
ֲûͣԭ013ŮСţ߶һΪĽ졣
ȻߵޣƿȨҲûǸ˳ᢵӣ˴ľߣʧǣȫʧȥģְϰָȴǰָ
³Сһɱһ˲׷磬ڴɱʱ׷ҲǱˡ
ǣ»ָ׷Ĺְкܶ˷ԣ߶һѣƼȣȵǣĸݣҲ޳׷硣
ԭܼ򵥣һܺãһ㲻ͬʱ׷ڶ࣬׷磬Էڡ
Ҫ֪ˣϾһͷ·Ҳҡ֧˾ֻʣͨգ𣬱ϲñӣͳξάϵ
׷ԼҲΪѣصΣ鷳佫ã׷ṩѡ
ȣĿǰһĸԼĪ˿ãڣȻս鲻㣬ĿǰǱѡ
ΣƼһˡ
½书ǿ˫ȫڱ߾ϣǧ˱
½ˣرߵ½Ͻ񻹻ţĿǰݱСʵۺ̫
½½Ҵеãֳ½Ӣƹ½һĮǾ
˵߲дĮǾݻϣ
ݾڻСʵ۴ߵľǽʮܵ˵дҪСʵ۵ıܹ࣬ʮ
СʵҪЩðͷĵطҲѣȥУʮı½Сʱ䣬ȫջء
ǣҪͳһոأͬ⣬ҲغԴСʵΪĿǰͳһҪո࣬Ǿ͵ֱ汱
Сʵֱ汱䵽½أ
׷Ƽ½𣬶ֳ½ӢֻΪ׷ӱʱ½𽻹֣½곤꣬ʱָ̫һҶүû꣬ˣ˵ǹ仨¥ʱ¥ˤÿĵͷˡ
½Һˣ½ݣص½ң游ȥ߾ຮ֮ء
û֪֮⻹Ϊ鱨̰ݵĴ٣竵ĸסҺ½ҽµĳʼδ
˼ǣĸףλ̰٣ȻţúúõģСʵ۵ţΪŮãСʵ۳
ˣ½½ӢĲΪСʵ۳
룬á
ǣȳ½ˣҪ½ĮǾĮǾҵľӣʤڱ߾½֮Ի䣬ȫΪ󷽲㣬ˡ
׷֮Ƽ½ΪΪ½𲢲ֳ½ӢǰԽң෴½һ;˵ˣһ
ˡһֽ׷õĴ󽫲ˡ
½¡
½ȻѾȳˣ˲ڽԴȵģ˰Ķö֪
ʾ֭ô½ʱ߲Ҫˡ
ֻǱϾûз´һܵţռȵʮֵ⣬ڽƼʱ˼ΣͰѽƼ۵òС
ɽƼɵģһദô꣬һǸʲ*ôӣôΪ¿ޣ
Ƽ۵ؿߣϰοԷСս£;ڣǰЩȷʵ屧Ȼǵµţһʧս£ĶǵĽֵܰܰװԺúǶԵģ԰
߲ͷҲŲҪĻɱҵ׷ڶֻǱѺͱˣѬģֻȨ߬Լ̫ûʲô
Ƽŵˣ˼ǹǽԴ֮ҲǵľԼŮôڳԣ
ƽտڹͳߵĿ־;ηƼ²׷ĴҲ
ƼȰ˺þãβֻٸԭְҸ׵£͵͵ݷľֺͻҩָ͸롣
ɾ´࣬Ϊܱ֮ͳһԭ߾ܰԭؼˣһҲС
ִɱһͻָ˺޸ֵ磬˳磬޸ָĴȴҪһ
һбѡ񣬵ı׼ֻһǾǰվȥ
ҪѡĸѾû˾ˣҲǸ˽СˣǸŮˣ߶Խɫûֻؼҡ
Ƽʱ涣ߵ˵úְһȥ͵˵顣
װģһҪҰʵڲУش칤Ĺǰչҵжһ£粻ǸϴֵôˣλЩ˵ıʸˣ
ƼĿһ£뿪Ժӵʱɫ㱡
磿СжûôƺЩˣ
ڽƼԴСͷ󣬾ͺһ͸˳̼ЩˣٿڻǸһĸŮˣҲ̼źǵϵΪ
ƼصңѾСԸĵһ꣬ǮɷݣСЩӣƼԴ
С˵ЩͷͻȻֵɸģƼ̸֪ܽС书Ψ޷ıСӡ
֪ŮĪĸƼҲ֪ǸˣԼŮСϲ𴩡ֻҪͷ·Ůһ㡣
⼸꣬һĺãҲڽƼһͷ·ڶŮһ㡣
ɵһˣƼ֪ȲСҲǺŮһİˣһûԼĸŮж̶ɵİˡ
Ƽȥ󣬲£Ҳˣĸ£һҲû졣
ΪȫЩҵӪĴ̡ضΪһȥףû뵽ǣƼӹһȫĲҵʼȫһС
ܰĴ򱻵ȥߣ
ĸǳӣʶֲ࣬ǰһѧ˱һЩԴŮ˽ӿ죬ҲȥΣ˵ʦгӣȴʤŻӣ£͡
߸й¶ϢĴɿգԾؼϵ޸֣ҪΥԼ˳
ȴϣ޸ûлӦ߻ˣʲôֶˣ


280 
߻ˣͣطźţڣĵڶ꣬յ˻ظֻظ޸ָġ
þòһͬһϵͳĻеҪĮһЩ
һ֮ϵͳͨԻǵ崿ãеĻܶɫһΪϵͳЩϣ⣬Ҳû
һͳСһ㶼񣬵ȴһ
ֻߴڷֽ߬ӣһ
һ߹֣߱Ҳ
һЦˣҲ̫ϵóҡ
ɵˣ㲻ǱִɱΪʲôܻ
޸ֵˣû̫񣬵Ҳִ֪һ룬Ͳʧ֡
ҪǣһûӦûȡߣտʼһȡߵϵͳ޷޸ָֻ硣
ô£ߵӳСϵͳСȫͬźţһôȡȡϵͳģ
ѵôһΣֱһˣٲǺһͨˡ
㣬㲻õģҲ˺㡣һܹػ013磬ȻҲ߲ͨգҲȡ߲ߵĻϢ
ôߣ֪㣬һгߵ֣˵ĹϵýĶԻҪ̫Ӳⲻ֪һڣŵɫɷס
룬군ˣһͨ죬Ȼܲ鵽ϢѲ޸ֵĸ߲㣬ָܹر߲գֱ߲
߲յĸֹӶΪ˱״̬µӪҲӪҺȣֱж߲յĲ˲Ƭ̾ͻϢ
һɱ˲ȤûֱӳͻһҲеûɱ㣬һֻҪһ¡
ĸ˵˵ʲô£ᡣ
Ҹ޸Ļᣬǽͨ绰޸̸С
ɴۣ㣬ͨץ㣬㻹Һ;̸У
һĬ룬˵㱻һ꣬һ㶼𣿡
εЦЦһʼʱ򻹺ÿͺóԵģֲøɻ˯˯˳ԣӱ绹̹ϧû磬ϷˢƵ֪˺ԼȻƽˣ淢ʲôɶ£ʲôҲˣⲻǳȥ
һ뾡취Ҳӳȥ
㱻һ뷢ֿв½ԴӲͷתսȥݣ֪̹˳ӵΪ
ڿĵݣת͵Ϯ뱾Ѿµأһڳ£ŭѣʱͷˣݣǿɾǴ౻ռˣҲ˵Ѿԭشֻһݵľ롣
ʱ̾ݣȱݣôͻ뱱м䣬ߵĴ
ǣݣȥһ·ռݣҲ͡
һݾͱ빰ø
ϵʱ֪̬һٰʮת䣬ȫȻԼϸ»ڶͷΣתͷͶƨ
⣬ԴرɽڣѲĶ֣һǧ£ķ֮һɽ˹룬ŵ΢һ£ȫΪȥڿˡ
ɽĿ벢ֻ֪ɽ֪йᣬû뵽ɽԼҲп͵͵
ңɽĿԶֹר˽ɽ죬οͭȡ
ռݺݱɽлҩԭϿǳ
ˣȫĵ̣̾ݣһ·Ϸء
ݵߺϱǲùܵĵشطǿ౾ҲֻռƬ½һ룬һϲطѿأ̵ֱԭأνǹڶһʮֿ
ȻΪĲƣڽҸͶĴ󲿷ҲɢڴвغϲһҲнҸͶȴԴΪֱԼµСңĿϵ
иۣҪЩԶ˵ÿ룬裬һСľսġʣҪΪݵأһ·أѳ갤һƬջ
һƬӹڰ򣬲Ǵ໹ǰһ춯װ򣬼ȻˣӦҲӦΪ
˵һʱ㹻һҲŵɵĴС񱻷ֳķݣռԭشԼණһ͵صİŵԷǮλȽͣɹöһĵطӵ
űһ飬Сʵۺ̫ڵһݵĶϲӵͳңĮǾڼ̵Ľأ˭ûܴȥ
ֵһǣνһʧܺ󣬾Ͳٳԣ˺һ̷ƺʾá
ڵϵķ̵ڲвСڶң˹ܸˡϽĵ࣬ƽȣĵ̴ССʵۣҲǵ˿µʮҲǳСʵ⣬ǿһ
ͬʱΪĵ̺һЩ߾СʱʱʹȥãάϵóһЩƷԼͬƷʮũҵҵũ̲ͬҪץ
ũҵĹԱ˾ũϹһŮ˽ӣ˲˽Ŀѧ֪ʶһͶũҵչ̶һͽѡʺϱֲƷ֣ػȥɺɼģĺڲԶƽˮƽ
ȥһ꣬˵ĵѣʳ
Ҳûģ׷׿ʼũҵڱɧţ̴󣬵µİվܵԣһСһ򣬰ս챻Լҹٸͱоһգ˶ɱ˲Ź˭
ϵİշ׷Уɳоôȫ񣬻ô
άĺ֪ưǣʵڲеģܷڳפ
һȺͱİԼھͶҲϣһһ£ýͷö
͸˵ˣռԭشûũһϲͨʳȫ
˭أȻСʵ۵ˣСʵ֮ټСʵȻ̴󣬱㣬սȴ
ԭСʵҳ񫣬ĳһһ̰ݵһ¾ѹεص׸СʵۣСʵ۸ˣùֵµ˸ʲô֮ûơ̰ۣòĮǾϣĮǾսһ㶼Ϊ⣬ĮǾ뽻սʱηη
кüΣĮǾˣȴ׷Ϊ󷽲ֵΡ½Ҳˣһκ󷽶͵ȫû
ķУҪǿ̴󡢱࣬ʳ㣬ҵջսҺͼаҵĵѾĿеʥأԸӵֻΪһĶظ֡
ʶϿɶҲ룬ôȥɾ͵ñ·ߵһˣ޸ֿ˳˳ˮô׳ȥǣ޸ʹУٶɳִߡ
ִռ˴ҵ壬ɱԲѣȺס
һҪߵݣͬ޸̸Уһ


281 
ͨ޸˲䣬оңΪûһ˿һʶԼֻһ޸ֲĵӣ˭ɱһֻһɡ
013һ꣬޸粻ʮ죬̶̵ʮ죬ȴѾ޸æýͷö
Ϊʮʱ䣬ÿ춼һ־شƫ룬Ҫ֪ڵƣ͡С˵ӰӡϷƷǿöˣ᲻ǸֱաֱռгӮùע
޸ָʣԱǷ˲ƵģֻܰͰ뷢ƺףǾǿͨԼ߲յֱͨԼÿһֱ̨ƽ̨ǵĹǹۿۡ
һǻֱܻ䲥͹ڴͣߣܽӵ档
ƼıʽǮķʽͬС졣
һѡЩߣÿȱǮǮģǾֱͨƵһһһؾ޸ֵļɫֱͶӰƽ̨ǵǹۿ
ȻĿƼһЩԲĻԶгҪΪضءˣҲһƻ˺ü֮޸ֽӵͶߣź֪ˡ
ԱһƻͶ߲٣Щ޸ţ޸ֺµǣЩͶ⣬Ϲһȴ᲻һ
Ϊƻ1ǵ͵ķ˸ˣҪƻŮİ顣
ҲΪһ˵Դ͸¶ŶһͬΪΪʲôĳЩСǧƪһɵŮ밮飬ŮǿΪʲôҪΪų裬߻ñ˵ĳ谮ŮֲǳèҪ谮ʲôãҪǮҪȨҪλá
˾һƻʼ죬ȵڵһЩƽ¼ΪŮ˲ΪЩС类ϴˡ
һۣ޸ֲ£޸µǣûһͬһ
ܲĲҵ񲿡ִȫȥᣬֳ磬緹ԣвţȫץһ
ҹŲ飬ϵͳⱻֵĺۼҲ˳µСӵ߲ҲֹóһֲĽۡ
۱߲֪ʱ̽˷
ΪΪ˵겻ͬ֡źһƻ1ܹϵͳ⡢߲գ㶥ߺϵͳֻ˵һ£1Ÿ࣬϶ǵпձ顢ϵͳ
㱨ʱѻȸֻǰ޸־ֳɫ߬ȭ顱һϣԱûһץסһϵͳ
ǸʲôԵģǲ
޸ֵĴʮ⣬ӯ׬ڵǮ͵̨ʡ㲥ʹҹͬʱֺĿĿҹΪ˽߲պСӺһʱϿԱӳĲֻһʱɻҲСǧꡣ
ˣ޸ǹ˽Ӫġ˾Ĺ߼޸־ֳĹԱ
⣬ִܲӵСɱȨĲţ䲿ҲԱҵ񲿡ְͨԱ
⣬ǵĴʱ٣޸ĵļ߲ϵͳǰڿͶҪ޶ʽЩɶ»Ͷ֧֡
޸ֵ߲ǾֳֳһҪ߼ԱĹҪ޸ֵĹɶͶǸ
¼ܴһȺڿͻֲϵͳһֱƻС硣Ҫ֪1ƻ磬ôҪɱ߲Ҳ˳ֵ¡
ҪǱ֪ˣ޸ڿġһĿɾ͵군ˡΪͻ֪иϵͳʱֱɱǣ˭һͲӻ
ֳɫѿ˵ʮͣȥʮ꣬ͷϡɼ˿һ˿۾壺Ҳʲô취뾡ץ1ţһķֻʣ°ʱ䣬ʱҪй¶κһ˿ϢĿ͵군˶Ѳ˸ϵ
˿ڶ࣬һ㲻ǣǵĴСԴȾǶ࣬Ҳ͵£Ƽ˿ڱѹ󣬵ֱֲӰЩˡ޺ǡһˣһͿЩ˵Ǯһڶݵʣʱȹʮϰ̵꣬ʱǰȥ
ҲͶ˴ʽĿʣǵˣòʹ죬СȴܻͬģΪǣ˭Ը⣿
ǣ죬ϵͳɱˣɾû˸ˣȥԼͱɱȫͬĸ˭ܱ֤㸶ʱǮ޸Ϊ˽ʡɱһûϵͳŪˣ
Ŀ⣬СʣֳǲŵҪǸ߲պԵ粨Ӽģƻ1ϵͳ߲1λܽ⡣
ֳıѿˣ߲1λ޸ǰֳǸֳʱõĴ
˷ļɻ䣬û˳ְ˾Լ߲գ趨ʱ䣬˭޷򿪡
Ҳˣϵͳĺļһֱûƽ⣬ϵͳֻԭʼϵͳĻһЩ޹ؽҪĹܡ
ôһԭʼϵͳ߲λĴߡ
ֳ˼һۣϵͳ㲻Ҫ㻻ˣŲţ
˵ҪǷǾֳʵ߲ռϵͳλļֳ߲ռˣ𣬵ȵҪȥ͵ϵͳʱλͶ߲ˡ
ܲϽվԲֳҵи취
Ǽܲģ˵һӴļ磬ϸ۲ԴˣΪԼƻ1ʮ˽⣬˵1ŷǳˣΪϲŮˣ磬һЩŮԽɫйϵ013磬ѡ˸ƵۣɼŲµӦþǲҪȥץ1ţֻҪ1űͶ
ò˵ܲǴģȴáһˣᣬҲΪϲŮˣ㲻ϲŮˣϲķ磬ҲССأЩŢȴϵŮǡ
ɼܲо仰˵ˣ޸ֲҪȥץһֻҪסһͻͶ
˵취ˣֳһܲͷУ¾ͽִֶ죬ץס1ƻߣҲԽ⣬Ų飬Ҳ1ƻԴĸϵͳҵоƬͨоƬã߲Ǹκ˲׼߲գͰɱ֡
ǣ޸߲ͣյΨ013ͨҶ013ٴɳִߡ
һڸ߲ʱһ߲ͨգһķһ˼ûнǸȨޣͬʱΪǸϵͳⲢδӣ߲ոǺϵһ֪ô롣
ûһ뵽̽Ǹİ취ͱСųȥòصϵͳ⣬ʱŷִߵϵͳˡ
һµ޸ֵıҲֻ޸ԸΣ޸ֺһ֪013壬һý޸Ҳ֪һıӦı
ǣ˫֪һض£һϵͳȨޣ޸ֽӣһ޸ֶԻ


282 
޸ߺؽյ013緢źţͶӰܲĻϣԽԱӡ
ΪĻϻӰû뵽ĻһƬհס
ͬʱһû˿Ů𣺡μ棬ҽһ£ҽһѰҵƻ1š
۾գضĻ޸ֵͨѶʾͨ˫෽ʵݣǣһƽ̨ûĸϢʵƣǵϢ԰󶨡ĻǱûгֶԷӰǾֻ˵һ£Էˣˡ
ԭ㣬ܳ˵ҲѾ˰ɡ˿ţһѹסЩ˽Ա
ǾͲöȦˣ̬Һܺ棬㾿˭ʲôҪʲô㾡ܿڣ޸ܸľҲʩԮ֡ͱŭľֳͬȻƽ£Ͼһִɱ˶Ǹ鷳Ǽƹˤˡ
˭ǼѾҪʲôһˣҪʲô
˵ʵһԼҲ֪ԼҪʲôӽ˵ʱ򣬾ѭǱص޸µģ˭͵͵дĳӦúйء
ǣλҪһȥʲôһǰһֱ⡣ŮŮ䣬Լõʲôأ
һʼ˵ĸ飬˵ĹУԼҪĶŷ֣ͬʱֻڰĳˣڰԼԼǧǧССķ硢һˡ
һ֪ҪʲôΪ߶ȷǻڶС粻ͬԳݿٲĸϢ֣ܴС籾ǣʵҲǿƼ˼С硣
һҲף߰ЩӦϣܸıЩСľ飬ѹȵ˾ѣ¶ȨΪߣôͻڲƽľ磬ԭЩߵĳ֡
ѵҪֱ˵Ҫ޸ֻ𡱣κһ޸ֵ˶ֱжϺĶԻ
Դ޸ϣ޸ǲȥһЩĪľ飬ǵǽ˼ϴԣһҪֱӿҪ޸ָı䣬
ȻǲеģһЩͼֹ޸ֵԱϢ⣬޸ֵĸ߲󲿷ˣֳһˣľһȵ߲Լȥѹߡ
ȻһҪϸѿءѡҪѭСʱ⵽˲ľܾ
ɸѡʹ˼벿Ĺ룬˼벿ֱھֳǼܹܲܵġ
ܾһѹ˱һǲִ߽013磬Ḷ̌棬ʷĳֹǰʶѡΪϸǣΪ
Ʋ죺˵棬øɣʱε̸ˣ˭Ȳ˵ɣ
һӰ죺Ҳ̸Ҳ̸룬ʲô𣿿ңҽ̸ǼıԡءʿȵȶԼĹͣɱһΣɱһΣûƽ𣿡
뵽ɱ˻Ե˿ûֱɱҲǹ˼ʶӣϾɱһһףϾһСԭס񣬶ʶ˵ˣɱǣʶһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˣҪɱ޸ǾԵСԭס޸ֱǲִɱԭסǾǹȻʶġȨʱʧȥСȨͳˡ
ʣɱֻˣû˿ڸȾΪ˱ǾͲܹ޸ˡ
޸ָ*вˣϣܰסᣬͻϮݣغͲƸԼ
ԣһ޸ֹֽ013ʱӦ
⣬һһӦ֪Ҳˣϵͳԣҵһǣ뵱ˡ
üԭ𣿷ϵͳԼ˼룬ҪΪܾ࣬ܺﲻԾ˵
Ҫ󲢲ѴɣƼǣһ˵׾٣ʱѻǷŽĳ߲޸ֵϵͳһԶӻǣܲٿػ˳Ϊࡣ
ǵķ൱棬һƤɣͬǣ༡ڴѪҺźŵѪܡ񾭣˶Ӧǵߺ͵·塣Ĵԣ˶ӦоƬ࣬˶ӦԴء
ڻ˵ļ⡢ƤƤ⣬Կȥ죬ԣһˣܽЩ˵ǡ
Ӧ˰һһõĻǣ˳һоƬĿֱ˰һԴоƬװ˵Ĵʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ʡȥ鷳ҵһԴоƬ
һ£ԴоƬϵͳҲͱˡһ֪ǣоƬһʼͱ϶ˣΪʲôܽС硣
Ȼ֪ԼԴоƬѾϣһҲήͽģû˵ԼԴоƬͺţֻ˵õϵͳݵ⣬׼˻ˣԼϵͳ
ƤЦⲻЦû£һһֻҪһϷˣеǰ취
ڲ013磬Ҳû⣬Ǹˣ浽϶Ҳͳһ࣬±һ㲿õġ
ǣ˫ɶݵġͣսЭ顱Լ˴˶013硣һܲܶݳСֻҪԲС͸¶κϢУȻ͸¶һϢǰţᱻ֣ܲΥԼ˺Э飬޸ֱҲٴɳִ߶СΪ档
һȻѡ˶㣬磬ܰκæȥһۻеҲܺСκһ˵
ܺС˵һܺ˵
ȫһ޸ֵĶԻõɴۣʲôϵͳ
ϵͳܿˣҪ˵ȥҪ޸ֹͶһ˶ñ
ţϵͳԼ˼𣿡һ䵭ػء
ֹȻϵͳǸôĵ⣿˵ӦǾƫĲŶѽû˵˼;Ϊʲôأ
һҲû˵ʼˣƫ̫ƫġǣڣκһĿ㿴̺ԡΪ㲢ƫǣΪʲôͬﵽĿ裬ȴڵ֪ʵݺ󣬶ϲһеŵ㣬ֲΪŮȱ𣿡
ֹ㣬ǵĺܶˣ뷨𣿡һʡ
Ĭһ̣һĺˣЩϺԵˡ
ǲаǿƼ磬Ƽˮƽܴһ͹˸߿ƼҸ෴߿Ƽֻϲ˲õϣҽƼԴĻ豸ֻǮˡϵ˲õϡ
ͨʹõĶҲڴǰƼˮƽĻǿһͺñȣǰǵ˿ԡֻǵ˿Ƚĵ豸ʵĹʲ䣬ǸøɻĻǵøɻ
޷࣬Ϊ˺ܹ󣬶ˡ
ǱȾҪСö࣬Ҳζţ;൱ˣǰھʱŬõıȴ͡
ʵ͵ˣַʽ̫󣬴˶ֻѡϻÿ֡󲿷˳˼ʱⷢĦ
ȽֲоƬܹǷݵ磬ȴ޷ǵʡ
ûϺܣЩžʱŮѹִˣ㿴ŮѹˣŮƽȣЩʲôֱȡ֡
ֻоǣܵƬ̵Ϳ֣СֻҪâԵõʵһʮСʱͣЪĹȴŸͬһĹʡ
ڴǰǿ϶Ҫһģھô֮ˣһһ˵Щ޷ΪһĻеŭΪһ˵˼
˺ܶ࣬ôܸıʲôû˵
ܸıʲôһſգ㱻롢Сʵۣÿһⲻı𣿡
㣬õ̫٣Ż롢ˡվλϣͿˡҪıĲ뷨ҪıܵõĶõõĲǰǲƸȨ
ƼһûǮûȨʱΪΪŮգΪɷŮƴһУֻΪõǵİɵƼǮȨƹһȫĹŻῪʼӱ˵İ׷αװ׾ӵ㣬ûҪ㽻һΪ֪ûһȨ
ֱ罭һʱŽ˸ֺһĸŮȡԼı棬İƴΪѰһ˼ҡɵһǶ˵ϻһ±ΪԼıܸ׽˵ĿŪ
񣬽һҶֵ¹ֵüֱҪ̫һ죬ȴڰ֮⣬ȡᣬʼÿ˶ǷģǷ
ֻˣûȨͲƸȨòŻ


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أûΪһĻţĬ˺ܾã춼
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磬һǺˣҲΪ͸һӣôһڶܲ磬Ҳͳˡ
֪һƻ1ţ1ŸɵЩ£ֻţȴ˽ⲻóᣬһһЩϸڣһ׸ʲô£Ż޸ͨǲɱŮֻ߲Ů顣
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㽥ض޸ֵһ˿ɣһ׿ɼһ˵
Ҳһ˽⵽ǵʵһ档
ǿƿƼʵǵ˼ˮƽǰ̫仯ԭм꣬Ƿһս˾ǲסȫǨǡ
ȻһʼҲǺã̬ӣײУ˼ʮϰĸ죬𽥷չǵģ
˵ǵһξ޴ĵˣͷٵǰڵľ档ڷٵķչ˵˼ûиϿƼչҷչĴ˿ں
˿ӾǵսǨƵϣϡȱԴӵĻ˾úˡ˿ĹںϣڵȫΪգȡһϵдʩڶ̶һٶ˿ڡáĻƼչʹǰˮƽ
޸ֵʷ޸173꣬ҲǾʱ50ǰʱ޸ֻ޸֣й۲֡
ʱҲ磬ڴ֮ǰδʶǵ֮⻹б硣ڷֱΪԼѳάˣŻԼ磬ΪС硣
ѧǹ۲ͬʱ֣չܻԼӰ졣ӰǻģҲۿֱӣһǱĬӰ죬ͺڤڤ֮йһ
СʼˣӰҲŵˡʣΪԼķչ۲ָ޸֣취СչԴӱ֤Լķչƶ
޸ֳĳǺõģʱͿѧɣУ޸õϵͳĴ߱ǵʱĸֳ޸һֱһֳֳһλֳεľֳ
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ΪƵ߲1ţǿйƣʹÿƼֶλƻᵼ޸ֵϻй¶ΪˣʮȥˣȻû취ûòͣӦ߲1Դϵϻ
һԼλߺܸȤʶԷʲôһ֮ôԿ޸֡
ֻϧõȵһлȥߡ
ڴ֮ǰһ
һֲܺ˹ͨϢС
ʮֱһѾ˷꣬ܲһĻȴֿ˻ѽ1ҲΪ˭ܰ
ʱ̣һڽԴָΥŵѡ
̣Բ¸ס޴󽫿ãÿζʱһʼҲ̣ÿĲľֱףȻкüζء
ڣҹ飬;бͨѧϰԼ䲻սÿս۱ضӰڣ˵Ǿ˫ĽţҲǺϸͳ˧
ΪĹǣһ̣⹥ռصĽŲҲͣˡȫͣСʵ۽ޣĿǰСʵ۵Χһ·ޣһιǣ㽫޴ûм֮ĮǾϵ֧Ԯǿˡ
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취½ʱ򣬴ұִ߶棬˧Ӫдɱ
ʱ򣬴һӪʣе̧ͷԷ
ִҲûϵ۲񣬺ƻ1޼ؼǣƻ1ϵͳˣ˸Ǻģƾʲô䣬͵Ĵҹ㣬֮Ů
ִ֪ԴΪԴ֮ɱˣûһǧҲа˰١еǵжɱ֣롢СʵһҲеԼڵȨ󣬿ߣΪ䲼ǵ棬㻨Ǯɱ
̶һɱôܲ񣬵û뵽ǣһɱ
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ʵһ׹ɽ¹УµҪԱ߻иҿ޵ϡﻩ÷ֳȥοңԼԵô򶨡
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˿̣һڣδϰһһڵӣǾﻻ꣬ûɱ㣬ֱһ
ϧȲһˣɱһ̲סˡ
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ִЦأ˶С˾ǽάΪɺҲû
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ЦЩˣɣаӲҹҿ⣬ˣЩֶΣЦ
ִŭᵶܵϣҲ֪ôЦó
Ϊɱң¾͹𣿡
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ִ߲֪˵ġ˭ֻܴɱֱֲɱѿغöȣС
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л˧ԣ˶ûУҪ군
Ҫ֪ޣĹڣôȥɱݻ¡
֪Ϣĵһʱ䣬͵ʮӲͻϮƱҪ¡
Ŀǰֻʱ˧λãƹǣǰлô
ľѾ󷽣ǰ޵ĮǾռƣĮǾгǽ赲Ҳ٣϶Ǹ㣬Ϊǵĺڣ϶Ͳ
·ѡһϳˣ˳ⳡսۣѺò״ƣ۵޹ø롣
Ҫľʿ㣬࣬붼֪ǳȺ׵ǵȥޣ֮
ϳˣô͵ѡ񹥴޻ǻͷ롣
ʤ㲻Ȼ䱸ľ֧ıֲ٣ʱ൯ҩһȫҩˣҲܴù롣
ҪǼޣĮǾʵףһ½ڣֻǺ޽ս֮ʱͻᱻ͵Ϯ˵׼޶ˡ
ҧټн˧ӪԲߣ︡Ļ˾
װ޳Ƿȥ
޸ּӴԱǿһĻ׷룬˾ѵƸۣһޣΪݵأӦս
ǣܲ޶˵ޣǱضҲԪ˵״̬ôӦսʮ
޸ݹȫ֣޷ϸµؿÿһϸڣͨߺϵͳļӣȻļҲƣĳЩ˽ʱ̲ܱӣд޸ߵͶͬģȻ޸˽Ҳɡ
ʣ񿴵Ƿţʲôʱ򿴵ģ޸ֶֻ֪ǰ£ĸţÿ˵Żͬ
񣬵Σʱ̲ܲţʱΣʱ̣ߣཫ춼ͬ⣬ܺ룬ֱӹޣ̫ðˡ
Ȼȴ˵˭˵Ҫˣ
ɨӪÿһλࣺҪһһ޴򿪳ţӭǽȥ
㿴ҿ㣬ʲôŻӭǽȥ˧˰ɣڽսУ˫һôܿӭǣ
޸ֵҲɵˣڸʲôţɵˣ˵Ѿˣ
ܲһĻܾﲻԾһʼһĸһ˺󣬶ҲʮģһĲֱȨڵıеģֻΪܳɫҪ˧ѷɫ³çľߺҲ
òоԾĲľߣ֮¶ľģﵽдʲô
ڶ죬ȫ޳Ƿȥбˣڱ󷽵ӪҲˣȫ⸱̬һ㲻Ҫ̵ӣ
޸־°͵ǣӽ⼸ʮˣȴ޳ǵسʿǣͺ˶ûУͷ·˫Լһ
ĮǾڼǰӹ޳ǣ˲֪½½ӢݱСʵۣΪһƷ󽫾½սոȴֻƷ
ңСʵһʼ½ʵʵĽְֻ½ò뽫󹬣һ½ӢҲġ
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ߵְ𷴹Сʵͣܲˡ½Ӣñɳȥһ²ԣϣԶ㣬Сʵ۾
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ܣ½½Ӣ֪ǷҪ۸£Ǳض½ҲǶıƫƫǵ游ǽ½Ӣ
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˵ǵȫĮǾȨƾ֤СʵΪɱģ½𻢷ıͽ죬½׽ˣھеսѣЩ˸½Լã𻢷Щ˸½ˡ
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Ѻ·һˣԼǵãԼԵʱμһ
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ûȥ״ΪԴϡȱûжԴȥװصģ˵˭ˣû֤־Ըæûͷת򣬾졢ٱȥˣ˭Ҳ鲻ܴܶŹֻҪֵ̫ٷǰ£󶼲֮
٣˶ţֳСҪ֪˺ˮУЩͰݵݶ첻Ӧеصز飬ȫɳȥЩΣڵϦˡ
ŽԽԽ࣬ԽԽȱలķ˼˲˵ûеݳɽ˺ʱ׳ȱͷε֢״һ˿̶ܼѾˣ΢е㶯Ϳܷ̤¹ʡ
ǣʼǷ䰲õ㣬Ȼ䰲õ㲻ѡǾݲˮˮ壬һ߶ȣӦԽˮǡ
ˮԷһƬΪȫA䰲õ㣬ٽļʵİõ㣬˼ȺУ»ˮԷ͸Ǽһʱҵϣ
ˮԷǵã¸Ůһװ÷ˮԷ
ǰָ֪ģҲ֤»ʱûǷӡ֪װ֣׷û߹֪ڷӿ϶ģBаû֪»绰Ҳϵ֪һ˶Ϊ֪ںˮˣϾЩںˮ̫ˣ󲿷ֶˮߣʬ嶼Ҳ
ȲˮԷʲôȻܱΪȫȼA䰲õ㣬ǿ϶ڰǿ˲ˣȦ󣬲󶼲硣
ڰȥˮԷԡ
ǣ̱־Ը߰ˮԷ
ͲöЩ˳ȥΪ˵鲢ϸϵͳңֻźžͲˣֻ鵽»ˮԷ1801ĵǼסǸŮϵ㰲־Ըߴǹȥˡ
ʱ˿̣֪￴ˣƽĺ޵ǰһˣû뵽˻׷ˣ겻ɢ
»ڳϿ֪˷ܵس֣֪ȻˮԷ̫ˣҵķӿ϶ûռʱһסȥڰˣ
Цݣο˼ˮǾͺãЩû˯ã˯þˡ
ῡȦһܲͷϻˣϽȥ춳ˡ
Ψһû꺮Ŵڵ֪Ŀһ£񣬿ɲƲ磬һԸ1801
֪ת¥ﱧʣߵ÷ɿ졣
κ㲻֪ɶˣΪ֪ǵǻʣ±ˣϽϡ
һ棬Ųûǰš
˻˶¥ظңǰԼϵʽֻеͶ磬罻appܽӳ٣ֻûûźţǾֱڴں
һ֪ھӣҵֱǶţʹ˵̨ñȽϽ̨һҲС
һκ㣬ͨĴκ̨
֮˻Ӧһϡ
һκмס̺ˣŵǷһ
Ԯʲ࣬־Ը߸ߴңÿһʣÿÿǿ֧һܣҪˮ桢ɡʳʳƷ߲ˡȣ̫ѵˡ
涼ģ׺۶Ҫ⿲ʳãܴĶ࣬ȼ᲻ˣܰҲ¥ʹãʣʶţŰ棬˲˼ݶţʳܱȸȰȫ
ÿֻҪָһʳ˾ȴϢҲ±˵ʳ
ôҲû취һ˼زסôʳʮҵȺҪ򲻵͵ȥñŰҪģһ̫ţʵѽ
ڶƷΣðʳﱻռ˲ķգҲϣܰһѡ
æŻܰģһŵĲۣԴ˵ΪۣԴտգˣܲƺͶҪʲôʲôΪʲôʲô
ųԹʳӻΪʡԵģͳһ٣ٰŸһٷ
̾ҳԵıһ˼Ҷ̫ˣܸˣϾ֮Ĳޣܰһһ㣬̫ҲԼŮȥġ
ǣźͿʼѽõֵʣҪľ͸Ͻˣ֮óԲŷ㡣
ĩǰһ֪˺ܶʣҲһЩЯȼޡõ˹¯ȣڶˮϵЩдˡ
һæͻȻ⴫ҵһߵأ͸èһ֪š


292 թ
»ɤŶ漸¥סڴ󺰣֪ǰְѽҿ¥ˣְֿţ
1801ſװ˫㱣յģ֪վڣһ㲻ıײĻţֻҿûһûһֻСõİ֡
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֪ﵱȻĸ»ͶŮԽԽģȻҲֻǶ֪ﲻģ꺮Ҳģ꺮ôڣ֪»˵Ǹĵġ
֪Ҳ˵ҲǵﲻĴ꺮ֺˣֲῡǸжðƫЩܹ䡣
ǰ֪ãԼֻҪĩӱ£Ϊ˳ֺͺͻᰮȴϳ
֪ͨϵèۣ˶꺮
꺮ƯģͬӵŮ趨ǹϵϵ
֪߹ʲͬ꺮崿پ£ͦǱЦᣬѧʱ˻ӭŮ
ӣ֪ĬĬţ͵ˣѹ»ӣ͸ˣǶ֪ɳ
ῡѧɵ͵ż̳»Ĺ˾һӲԺȡ
꺮ǵ͡˼ҵĺӡɼ죬ģ̸ߵͬʱҲܸߣò˫ȫϵBרҵı
꺮ô㣬ҵĵλҲͺͲѧῡ޼
꺮㲻֪ʲô£֪ĩʱżĸŮ˺αߣΪԼŮչãʹ֪ѧϰǰ̬СpuaǮӶֲϰࡢȤ࣬ȴƫƫƭ֪˵ﾭòãֻܽŵܵá
Щ֪ǰˣػһ֪Щжα񶾡
꺮ԴɳŮһûĿռǲù
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߻°ܣ֪ϰˣΪֻ˵ôߣҪŵʱ򣬴ӳóһѳ˵в˭ҵţͱҵӲۣ
˵ǳһԼſڿ˺þõϷۣһ˳ӡ
»ꡢᡢΪǡ
˽α
ῡ޴衢
꺮ŴĴ˽αƶʡ
Ĺ˵꺮ǰñ֪ò֪٣ɼ֪
һɻôἵʱԼòˣ
һĩβ꺮ϣ꺮վں꺮²ۡʹ֪Ѫ˵ʲôҿԼ֪ˣ֪֪˽ˡ
꺮ᣬ۵ײһ˿ײĲͷһ۲ϸĿҲһ˸
꺮ͷӦһоͿġ
֪ǲ꺮ĵҲǲڶԼһĿ1802èϡ
һ飬ڴ꺮˸һţȴͨһССĶۿԷ
1802סʲôˣ꺮üȻ˴һ¡
ſھ֪ã˵Ҫֵ־Ըȥ־Ը߿֪ǸТˣԺ󲻸ʡ
ܿϧ־Ը߷ʾæˣ±һЩ鷳ϡ
ֹˣҲˣ֪Ӳԣֻ¥ס¡
ΪˣΪ֪̣ʹ֪ﲻòǡ
ŵλΪ1802ң֪˿ռ䣬ȴ֧һٰ١
˻ŵλãŶԸҲа취ʹһɣͿʼۡ
˾ģ¥඼ǵ¥ı񣬿˵ɺָ
»˵ʲôסһ*ŵһߴ˵̡
һյȼʵɶǿĵģǿȺˣ˲·
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һ˯ʱţû˯֪ԼΪʲôһǳߣڶ쾫ܲ˥˵ΪʲôֻԼе⡣
쵽ʵĵһ죬Ҷ˶ٱҲж˵ˣʳҲҳԱ
ڶһ磬˱һ޺ѡ
¥һˣʱ͵ˡ
Ҳݣһȫ͵ˣһ㲻ʣһҺüˣ֪զ
ʧԵˣǿ޺ʹС͵޼£ֻҰţʩһԵġ
ϵССһʳﶼûˡ
Ŵʣ֣ôҲҪһԵİɣ˴¥ֵʮ¥ûһʩʳ
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ǣһסš
֪̾˵ɶС̨ŵĴ¥￴һС¥¿ͷһ·󵽶¥ͷңͷףɫ£״̬Ҳá
һǸѵı飬˵ɣ͵͵Ǽ͵ԵģǾͲ֪ļ͵ģҲͲΪ֪Ǽжʳˡ
ǰһ漴ֵĵϳΣհˡ
Ȼ˵ˣһ֪ܼ尾Լ͵͵š
˯һûţǴխһ˶ȥĴյİװƽ̨ϡ
⻧˼¥һʮ¥¥Եķ02ŷͺ03ŷͼнǵĿյպøһ֧š
Ҳף˵ΪһˣҲûдѧʲô򡢽˶Ϊʲôôãˣʮ¥ǽʱ˫˫ſǽУĦһ
ھӣ֪0603סһ¥ʱ򣬾Ƴ˵̨֧ţӿռͳһף־Ը߷ʵ֮һʡŵԣ˲ڶһѾ御ˡ
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һˣز֪˵ɶ
꺮ɽȪᣬǾܾĻҲ֮
ѧΪĹˣҵȻ֪ڵҲˣһҶ¥̣ûбϣﻹ˼̸˵ѧǸܺúˣһҸʺˡ
ģǰգ꺮ʹڵ֮䣬ȴû뵽꺮ŵüһѧʲôҿ챻ȥˣ
ɲС¥˯ŵ˶ˡƲԣϽǸʧ
¥ĴұԹ˼䣬˾ûټ˵ˡ
һΪѾ˵ʱԼȥȴһŮ𣺡ףС͵
꺮СȴҲһһ
һͷ꺮һһҲС͵ȥͶġ
꺮ЦЦı飬Բһ˵ǣƣ˵𣿸˭Ͷ͵ʲôһ𣿲ȻҿɾҪˡ
һ鷳ü꺮Ĳʮԡ
꺮ȴǸЦ񾲵ı飬˿ôϱ˶ſܿ¡
һΣװӱöʵͳһ棬ܹ꺮ڷѣ˵ûⶫ
˵ţһͳ˵ʾǿЦ
ӹʳ꺮ȵüһ˫һЦ£ɫ¸Ծɫ꺮룬Ů˰ҹǽ⣬ʻеȥ˼ҵԴӣأʳﵱڷѣ꺮Լ̼棬Ѫ׬
ڱ飬ǽܸ㵽ʳթԷһʡ
ʧһ棬һصԼ䣬Ȼʳȴ꺮˲õӡ󣬹Ȼ֪˵һǸաɵˡ


293 
꺮ҧһǸ͵ֵǣڶһ죬û˭˵ǻ˵˭ҪǶ˶¥Ӧö֪Ŷԡ
ְⶼɶʱˣ˶Ҵʳ˭ưͿ
Ѳɣ˵С͵ȥͶģ
꺮⼸°1Ԫ˸飬էǲѸõ㣬׼ż԰
ҲΪ꺮δѵΪձ͵ʳ¥סȻϷˣʳ
⻧˴¥ͷʮ¥ûһ˼ʩʳǵʳĶ
꺮ֱºС͵йء
꺮Ŀ1802ϣ1802סȱʳҲȱӡжʳܽӼñˣͬʱֲΪԼǲҪ鷳
ϧǸ鷳
־Ըһ͵ʡԼܳŵڶܣ1805ҶΰΪָΪö¥ĸˣҲǸСĹ٣ǰ֪־Ըʱ䣬֪ͨȥʣ˳άγι;ԮӼСѹܶ䰲õ㶼ôġ
Ҷΰ⼸ûյھǵֺãݺҧʳ
ʱǮҲȫûãĩһԸ߼۳ʳҪˡ
ĩǰһҲͼǮڳǧ
ָ߼۳ʳסȺҧҲ׬ǮѲƣ黺ˣȥٱ
Щ˲֪ǣǮãһʣȹʱ䣬ǮֻһѷֽͶ˻֡
Ҷΰûյ¸ֱӣĳһŲգ־Ը߷Ϣʵʱ䣬һţɤһ𣬴Ŷʡ
Ȼû뵽ǣһεʣѷš
һʰһһǿԵʳˮҪ100֣Ŀǰʵеһֹ֣Ԯɿȵܹһֿ֣ڶһʡ
⣬Լȥʣͣˣٲ֮ǰһ겻ϣȻˮδˣһѾȸտʼҪöˣõĻһ춼ꡣ
ûͶֲҳȥʵˣһ취ʣǾǳǮ
100ֱֲͬǮ򣬶ҵֽʮһһ˷ݵʡ
Ŷӵʮһʺ󣬶ʱը˹ֺ£˷ݣ־Ըߵʶѡ
һƼԾϽ󳷣Ų¥ݻˣʮ¥µ¥ȥźЩʵĥȽ۲˵Ҫʲôëˣҩûض
֪Ҳȼ֮Ⱥ궯Ͻκ㡢Ҷΰ󳷡
ȺӵΪʶµˮй֮ͨУ֪ﱾקκ󼷵ģ֪ôģκ㱻ɢˤ˲ȵ
ִֻק˰ȫڵĿյ
ΪˮһǰͿ͵¥η¥¥סȫϰᣬŶӵĶ¥Ĺһֱͨ¥ݼ¥ţ˴Ⱥм¥ϥںˮȺ
̧֪ͷȳˣһ1804ĸ縵蹣һ1802Ůһ
һ֪ǰӡܴŵŮǸմĩûٱ۸˫˫һˣһչˣ֪ﶼɣòһİɡ
ڸ蹣ǰΪñ˺ȥֱͬھñȽ磬֪ӡҲ
˱Ӷıģ
ô˵ǾԼ֪ﻹǺܸл˵ġ
һû˵Ҳû蹣ǿȺﻹڼκ㣬ٴȥˡ
κͷңЬȵˣģʮǱôһקˡ
һȣκͳһҵѽֲ̫ǲ֪ǰ˼ֱˣɶҲˣץʲôʲôˣ
ѽÿСңȻһб˭һȭ֪
֪侲κ㣬ɲǱһȭô򵥵£㿴ЩˣˮĿɲ١
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ҶΰʧصȺջǷά֪
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κҶΰǺҪʵģһ㣬δǰκһסûʲУҶΰôָǲи
ʱʱ¥ʣһεվš
һûĵģ֪飬ҿ׳һ⣺ղ־Ը˵ĳȥʣô
ֲǿѨ磬϶ܰôˣԼı·¡
֪ͷֱȽܵûֵĹӦöһЩѾȹ϶ȥԮںˮȥԼɺͰȫˣҲԼȥʣҵʲôԼġ
Ǯʮһʣʵ̫ˣңⲻǳõİ취Ÿĩһ£Ǯʣûξ򲻵ˡ
ǣ֪ӣĿǰʮ¥סͦɿģ侲ԣ֪̸ߵκ㡢Т˳ʵ۵һֱĵҶΰԼиҪչˣϣԼĻˡ
֪ҲҪȥʵĴ㣬Ȼڻ˷ǳʣ˭𣿶ĩǰڻʣǮĩǰЩпɶмصģǮпռҲᱻ֡
ڲһҵһЩѻʵĲֿ⣬һգʤԼĩǰ֪١
һܺ棬ԼڻʿŵĴ֪ΪҲܳĺӣĶôǮʵģ
˵֪ԼʮѲΪǴ󸻴֮ңܳĺӣƶ꣬ô
һ˲δ룬Ϊǿһĳմûȫ
֪ﲻǺ죬֪ΪʲôĪǶԸкøУܻ᲻ظһЩԸ蹵ݡ
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Ȼ˲Ǻһͬͬ⣬ǶֻŶԷ̽˴˽ı߽磬֦
֪ȻǴӦˣȻ˽⸵ƷΣǰΪ˸ñҲǸˡ
ܶʱǻʶΪһŮõǸˣ֪Ҳ⡣һ˷ٴֻҪŮãǸø׺ø磬ͿԱԭ¡
һ˽⸵蹣ڶȵİ˽⵽δǿ֪ŮҪǿȴ˵һŮǿĵ硣
֪ﻹˣȥκҶΰҪҪһȥʣ˸¥ߣһ顱
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ֱʣڼ仹˲̤¼־ԸǱʵӦöԽΰӡ
ΰӸȴֲֹãϱֱӲȡѹ
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Ҫ֪¥Щûľ֣һľ죬˲ʵˡ
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Ͼ˭ֵ˭Ǻ˭ǻ
һ˻ûߣͿκҶΰ˵ڶ
ҿйٱάΰˣˣ
ΰ̧ľ֣žǵ£ʵĶ
־ԸĸˣһڻбģһΪѹȱ˻ԣΰͻذˡ
ʣ־ԸҲûµģԱֳľеΰӾõıӻ
βʲѣҲֻ
Уŵ־ԸǶǼǹ࣬Ϊֻȡʵ;ֻйȹ̿ɿġ
Ķ飬κҶΰɫ࣬ʱ֪׳֦Һ蹴ԼȥʣҪһѵʣöٶԼġ
κ۾һǸð⵽һۣǼ۸ܻеߣƽ̯Ļͻá
ʵ֪ռгۣȻκܸ㵽·ϵģͲ¶ԼĶˡ
κ˵⵽ĳһ죬ƽ̯ÿҲһ飬ǳȥһѰʣֱܱ־ԸʮʰҪ㣬ĻһһʹˮƯˡ
һ֪ﶼ֪ⳡѻᵼǮǾõõֵʣ˷ѡ
϶֪Ǵˣû⡣
ҶΰЩˣͷ˵ûȥһϱ֪û˵ʲôֻԼ¥ϣҶΰҪ룬ԼǮ
¥һ룬ûˣ෿ŶǴ򿪵ģһҽȥϳҲע⡣
ļ϶һ˴¥¥ݿڴС̽һԴɫ͵һС
һй̧ͷȥֵ꺮˿飬ÿвһ
ȥȻԸ


294 
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Ͼʮ¥¥ȥʣǴǽģôģ˵ɵŮȥʣž췽ҹ̷
꺮˽Ϊһܣһʵһǽ֮Ͳ
вã꺮ˣϽ¥غ㣬ҪȥѰҿԼұ֤ϴҺˡ
꺮֪Ľùϵʮ¥ס˵ˣϾʮ¥¥ÿ춼֪ţŷǽȥ
ڼ䣬»ҹҶΰ1Ԫ¥ˣмһ£Ҷΰǰ֪Ͽɵĺܿɿͬ飬Ҷΰ»мˣαԼ˾֮ҶΰҲ˵ɶ˵Ҳˡ
֪ǣ꺮˵Ҫ룿
֪۶꺮˼ѰʱʲôŪ꺮
ڣڣ꺮ȥ⣬϶ᱻ˲ϣΰӵע⣬Ϊɱһ꺮һ鷳ֵ
֪ûܾ˵ֲҵģ˵ʲôãѵ˵׼룬ͻҵ𣿡
Ȼᣬ꺮ɲƤȰˣתκ㡣
κʼ磬̯֣Ǹ˶ӣˣСã´ɡ
κǸˣСӶϵ꺮֪Ķģһ¥QһͲʡ͵ĵƣŲ뱻꺮ϡ
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һ︡һ˿ȣ꺮üۼǾ̾
꺮һķУñͬѧĸĿ޸ʵЩⲻ˵⣺ǵȻûУҿɲ¡
ٴһҲή꺮ѵǿȣźҲøŶһֶ
һѵһҲû㵽Ϊֹ
Ȼһνĵ㵽Ϊֹ꺮˵ǾѵǿȵʮٱΪ꺮Ϊúÿѵʱͨģѡհȥˣհ࣬ѵǿȲߣҪϰɶġ
һĳŵģѵ緹൱ʢҲġ꺮۹ۣȴУΪܳԱԺãⳤһʼԼ󷴵Ӧˡ
ЩûκҪȥʵĴ㣬¥󲿷˼Ҷ취ȥʣΪĵ£ʹҰȡůĶȫˣ顢ҾߣǱů·
ѩҹӺأһʼ䵽ˮ棬ܿڻҹͣѩ¶ȼµþò˵ĺˮȻˡ
ܺ񣬺֧ڱߡ
ǣûгۡƤͧˣҲܳȥѰʣ⵹ǸûǮûϵ⵽۵һ·
ܻڵˣһûǮûϵأûмҵ׵ͨˣڱһͼֲסˡҪôӿĺˮУҪôǶڼһϢʧĳҹֶˮ
Ҳڱ㹻֧ʱڵ֪жˡ


304 
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ʯⶫĩһҲֻйٷмֶοɣվʱѾûҲֻйٷ취ռֻȥ
֪ǰ׼ſյϰůǰðοԼܺ䡣
һҲûõȥһȡůҪ˯ţ̰ᵽ齫һ˯ڿм̿𣬻ů
һ̰ͼܵˣ֪֪ж̾Ͱ꺮޶
꺮ǹԹˣֲܰ׳˼ҵķÿд˯зԻ̿ȡůѾʤĩٷ֮ʮˣʲôء
˴ϳºͱůڳģδһʱ˶űȥʣⲻ˷̫Ӱж·з籣ůЧС
⣬һϹҲָ꺮ѩѥʪרҵװĻ߶߲ȡ
ǹηѩ˳ԴñӣټϷ羵Ϳ֣Ҳȫװˡ
һţźžͰá
һһתͺ֪ϣ˫ŵʱ侹ȻҲײˡ
֪üһߵ꺮ˡ
꺮ͷװݣ羵۾ɾ׼ϳ꺮
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֪ҲһѹܶΣһԼҪ뻢ıƤ꺮һԼܲš
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꺮εվţףҲְ
꺮Ϊѵʱһùձ֣أԼʣѶٶԼģѣõǷ䣬ɫʡ
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Ϊ֪1802ʿɲ٣̿ˮֱɹӡ
ôôТŮ˵ҪּңҿǳӲˣ˦Ӱɣ
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꺮׻ںģϾСҪŵܵ⣬ﲻ֪꺮Ҳ
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꺮һץס˦ǼȻĸŮҲϵˡ
꺮뱻ۣκ˶ļˡ
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Ȼǲϣһûպ꺮ľȻ꺮ˣһƿǰҪŮ»꺮ߡ
»һһƵǽϣʹؿϡ
ŮĳʲôģĸҹôһƵһϲ
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Ҫ׷ȥסϿһν˵û£ʺľˣǻġ
ƶһǵʲ࣬ΪһҵʴǴŮ֪Ƕģ֪϶ǿǿʩģ֧Ų˶á
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001ʵкܶƷһʼС˵Ů֪꺮ĩųŮÿ˶ᰮѡǿһ
һʱ򣬶꺮֮Աǣ۾ͼʿݣŮˡݽ١飬һŮôеģЩеĿŮˣһ֪ĸŮľ飬ƶ롣
ĵڶߣϵͳֻ˴ŵݣǱ꺮֪ʼڻʹٱ꺮
꺮ΪŮ䣬꺮һ·ΪϲŮǿĴŮȻݵλ߹ޱȵĸǿһ
û蹵ݲһ㣬ĸδȫĸ߹١ǰû֪ûܴҵĸž۾ˣ֪֪ﲢսĸҵʱ֪˹ٷ̨
֪ҲãʲôŮǿ˸ŮĶֻϲ˧ˣЩŮĶһݽ١
磬ݺݴЩˣ֪ԼںִˣȱŮˣЩ۸ֵ͵Ů˹ǡ
һ֪룬Զʱӽǵ۱࣬һ²⣬ܿܺǵľйء
ǱߵĹƺ֪֪ڻұ¶Ҳ֪
ֻǴԽôӦֻ֪֪ǰļ䣬ô֪֪һж
һӽǵ۸֪꺮꺮Ҳ̲סüʲôյļѲɱҽ㻹ࣿ
Բԣ꺮æƷԼһ仰֪ĲǼ䣬Ǿ顣
ǷԺļ¼Ϊ趨õݺͷչ
һʼ֪ľͲ֪ļ䣬֪һľ飬ǵ磬Ǿһпþôֻ˵һ¡ǴС˵ӰӵĻƷǿЩƷĹڡ
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Ȼˣһ˵ѰʸҪûжʱΪԼС˵NPCѹ
Ҫʵ˻ʱΪʱʵͬʱѩС࣬һܼȣܳȥ
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ܲȫˣһѽ̿Աżʬ壬ŵƣƺں˯źֱӶˡ
һ㣬̨Ĵˣشܶûˣ̨·ĸϣ˿Ҳһʬ塣
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꺮¹̲סһ˿䡢¶κһԻһˣҲãܺѵһʡ
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꺮һ죬࣬һǧȥһ̵סԡ
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һ˿ɲΪ˻ʣΪ˸Ů֪ҵʡ
Ϊͨ˵֪ĩǰǮ򵽵ҲȽϾޣ͡ȣֻܹĩͲһˣ֪кֶܶοԪ
һ˴㰵и֪ȵ
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ȥ¥յӣʲôʶûУļҾ߶ʣϾľƼҾ߶ܲգԽļֵҲեɡ
Ϊ˲֣Ҳȡůֻóõɳԣ̫˻ûů
һʱ䣬½꺮һЩʽ
꺮ѧñҪٱʹһͨعУʱһ¾ˡ
ڣһʱʱȥڿһ۰Ĵţֹ֪ͣѵ
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ԭǣСˡ
΢ȴһȷûвˣٸȥԶԶں棬
һܺãٱҲһԶҲ¸ˡ
֪һ˾ûⱾˣ֪쵽Ŀĵصʱͷ˸ˡ
֪ͬС˸٣̾
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˶Ӽ״֪ԼزסˣһԲ˶ӻӵɱ
ݹ˵֪ǰһλָ㣬һЩ书ʽһҲڼӶ˶ڶõģõĵȻǸ蹣ϾǴӰŮ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ǣ˶ﾹȻľ֡
Ҷֻǿô֪߾ƣҲû䡣ͳľ֣ڽľֵDټľ֣ľ֧һֻйٷУͨѵһ
ľԶһ˶̲סüͷôľ֣
һͻȻ뵽Դȥ־ԸߺΰӶԱǵľֻͻ⣬Ѳ˺ͽԴйأֻߣڽԴ֮⣬־Ըߺΰӱɱİ١
֪ȻҲûϵ˿ľ֣һ㿪Ȼ˷ɢܡ
һƬƿտûи¥Ҳ͵±֮ǴƽأҲֻϹܡ
֪ﲻһ꺮Ϊĩôչÿġ͸
һҪȥ꺮ץס֣Էľ֣ǲӲӲ
һͷӿռóĸϹͣһûѵ
꺮Ҳǵһμż̳·ܻῴûɵõɴۣⶫó
һҡͷóý͡
úŽʹδѧôһͷԼݲԣʶһЩ
²ʱһͳ󣬵һ׼ľֵˡ
ľ֣ΪԼѹʽƣ൱վڴƽϣƵؽľֿ׼֪ϵسԿźͳ
Ȼ˭û뵽һ֧ƮѩƷ䴩ֳľִͽͷ
ĳܴ󣬴ͽеͬʱҲǰڵϺܿû˺Ѫ˳żͷڱο
ʣٷŵô󺰸Լ׳ܳ˭tmڰзб
һ룬һ֧ٶȴ˭ûϵĽǶһٷˣǵˡˣĸʣŵӣζƮ˹˲࣬Ⱦܡ
ΪʱһٴŹӱɱ
ȷнٷ˶ˣһֳָϹ󻹸΢Ц꺮
һߵʬǰǸϸϸá
꺮ǰǰˤڵϵľ֣ûùشľ֡
һѵѵϻ˳߻ˡ
˶ӿ֪񣬲Ÿ߹
֪ŶľֵĿŪʣľ֧ΥƷôҲ㲻
꺮Цص֧ľָҷòã
õֶΣһﲻãһͬˣΪһ꺮̫ľַõġ
ľֿк𣿡֪ͻȻڵ
꺮գۣ崿ԵʮƤҿѧ˽̡
̹١һû仰ǿ֪Ҹģ⼸˾͸ˣҪһ𣿡
꺮һǣǶôֱ𣿡
꺮Ҳû뵽һֱֱֵزϵģ
֪ҲһȻ֪һҲǸģȻôôɳ֣һ̹Ҳȷʵ޻˵Էһ
֪￴ű꺮ĨȥԹޣǣһ̫ˣǰûĸ֣£ԼС壬ô֮ϱвǾͲô
꺮ԼƤӵҲãһлᣬ˭˭˵أɲǰһңһȻ꺮ûڼǾ˽꺮
á֪ͬˣ¶лӭǼҵСӣʷ仹ϹأöǶ٣ƾ¡
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ٷ˵ҲСսɣ֮ǰ֪СӱСӣҶΰ͸蹶ԴûʲôҲûֳ飬ֻκ㣬һЦŵͷԷˡ
˽»ϵֻΪκȻ㣬֪ĩչܴ̫رʣʱȱģʸҽһǳ˳۵飬κ㻻ʣκȼü֮


307 
ڸ¥ΧͰĽ౻ûˮ£һƬһ޼ʵı֮ϣԶԶȥվС
ѩԽԽʱڲѩһ꺮¥ﰵй۲ʱôзڵڱϣǾҪɱˡ
СӵĶӳĿǰ֪ʵǱˮΪҲܳĴŮҲûнܺܺõĽ
ˮȥ̽·Ѱʡ
ôɵվŶñֱûñ鶼ˡ
һʼǴıܣ꺮״ҲܣôԼ
κʳܣؼֵöԵ㣬紵ʵеܲˣҲ
ǰţ䲻һ£ȴĵһȥ
ҶΰҲʼΨ֪С۵ϣ·ﻹůö
СҿݺնζǲǰѼҾ߲˰ɣȰôɣҾߡ·ȫˣ֮ôҿĽгľ̿Ҫʳȥ㣬ܱ̿ռҾߺáκСһ˵
һҡͷãǲȱľ̿ȱȼͺͷ
ȱľ̿ȱҪ֪ѵľ̿ˮʪûá
û취ֱȡůֶκֲãҷ󣬷ȡů̫㣬ֱľ̿
κ˸ҿԸ㵽ȼҲ취öľ̿һ
Ҫ˵κܻأһס1803˵ʮ¥ƵˣǰԼúܺã˵һɫ󣬵ҲԲƼּĵӡ
һκ۽׵ʱ򣬱ˮ˷Ӧµڻˡ
Ǳˮ豸ĸ蹸ˮ棬㱣漴ֳƵ˷ܣֻ˵иУʲôС
ͳƷ꣬˵ǳУ˵ǲֿ⣬ƷǷڴϵģðٻװΣٵ棬г綯УԴסаԲˡ
Ȼ֪ЩûܷⱣ棬ܲãҲ˵˵׼еϴɾһҲأ
Ѿ˳һ̶ϣˮֻҪץܽ볬УԼ˺ԼСдְ壬ˮѹܴ󣬵ʱעһ̸صϻƿ
ΪǶҵģ꺮͸һǱˮ飬˶һĨڵĳ̶ȣԵ˽̴Ҵ豸
ʵһǱˮ꺮һ㣬һܲǱˮ豸Ǳȥһڣ꺮ҲͲԷͷˡ
꺮˵ǶȼȥߣǱˮĿһ㣬ǱˮţӾϴҲǿһš
ǣͷıֻʣ¸蹣ҵǱˮߣǰΡ
𿴸ƽʱô˵һָ£ͺСӵĶӳһ㣬֪һԹģ
꺮ס۵ĳ嶯ûԹҲܺðɣҲǱˮĿûиġ
꺮ڸߺһ¸֡˶ŮͷǱˮʱпܲסֺͺʱ鷳ˣôͷס
꺮һǱˮװʹ÷ÿһҪ
֪ǷΪһξȹԼ꺮һʱʮϸᣬ˳ְһ豸ϸ£һͷѹͷָⶼдһ˿ȣһкܴĹۡ
ʺϵʦһ֪ΪʲôͻȻðôһ仰
꺮һ㶣ÿŴ㶵ı飬漴ЦҲŲҪʦͻǰɣ˿డͻڿɲǺôʡ
һҡͷǣҵ˼ǣܰѾ֪ʶڻһֱ¡
꺮ͬʱܰԼľ֪ʶ̸һһҲܿ͸㶮ˮµע
꺮ڿҿ
һͷš
ǺϸĶ𣿡꺮ʡ
ȻǲϸĶѡ
꺮üΪһҪѵΪʵһûп
κ㿿ýҲ̲ס˼䣬ѧģص豸
蹼Լղ˵Ķ·ţ٣Ĭ˵
ƺ«ӣǰǱˮߣܶණһЩԼŶרҵʣҲߴ豸ǸģǸǸģֻôҴ϶ѡ
֪¹ˮ°ȫ̲סȥ꺮ġⶣǶǵģֻǶһġ
ˮ󣬴Ҳŷ֣꺮Ľ̵õģҪֻ蹵ģһˮ۷ڣ·֪զߡ
꺮ͷҪǮλȻ֪Ķﲻʺȥñ֪ԡ
ԴͷĻǸ蹣ЩˣûʾĬĬŴȥ
ûи¥㣬һ¥ĸ߶Ⱦͱһ̸࣬ɼжḻ
ŶɳӦǱŪѴģûаãΪⳡֱ*û
ΪɳţԴҪôӺŵƴҪôͰɳߡ
ɳʱƵźʱǴǱƵģСı𱻻Ǳˮ
룬һεǰ棬ʼɳ
Ŀãôһѹʣ״Ҳȥ鷳һѰµɳߡ
ӴŽȥҾͱǰĳвֿԻۡ
ԽբŶƮˮģֵĳУŻ谵լҪǻʣת
ˮܼȺܵͣ಻ףôĳһ·룬Դ˴жÿ˶þһһѣ˭Ҫ䵥ˣҲȥѰҡ
һ֪ҪʹÿռװСģһעͻᱻ˷è塣
һ֪õһǣһŻѡ
꺮ܻᰤʣʱʱһסߣһ۵ƣʾһÿռװ
һһռװʿɱ˶౶֪ﶼϲϡ
ÿʮӴҵȥһΣˮǳˮѹ纣ֲϸҲܼСһѹ仯ĲʸС
ȵƿľҲʰװ׼Ѷͻؼҡ
һ˿νǴգ֮ǰκһʶҪԣѳƳˡ
Żؼңűʪͦɵġ
ܹ˽ʮƳÿֵܷʣεķ䰴ƽΪÿ˶
һӰʮƳ˩һߣȻǰţҶΰƣ˷ֱͷֹмƳȥ
˶ӵļƿɲСʱŻصˮԷ¥ϵסǷ׷̽ԴƼôʣһĽ۾ˡ
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ҪԼȥҵʵ޿ɷ档֪ؿɵԼҵʵ㣬ܸ߱
ǲǰȥʵ㣬Ͼ֪飬鲻ϸһһ֪飬֪ϸڣΪ˲Ϣ䣬СͶӰҲǧ򻯣ӵ趨;Ʒʤ˭֪ðĸϸ
ʣô֪Ů֡
֪Ļһ˷׷ɫÿ˴ͷָ֪˽
˶ӣһ׼ìܣһпܶ֡
ôΧţ֪ûԵôˣҪץɱӺҲûôס
ҶΰϺ˰ﲻƨȰ֪Ҫ۸ǰɣ֪Ҳûȥ
֪һۣв
κ뷭סˡ
꺮Ͳˣ֪ǸˣҲµ˭вɣĩ˭Լ̸߱ˡ㻹ϺˣʵҽȥģǾģ㵹ã軨׷ˣ
֪ﲻ꺮飬ò˵꺮Ŀˡ
Ҷΰͨ죬Ҳ֪ǶĻġ
˺꺮꺮ʾ˵Ļһ׽һףݵˣû˭ӮƤӡ
ڴҳԽԽң˶Ӹ޷ƿȺ¥ʱֻá顱һһѹǶ
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꺮Ц˵е˻
Ⱥ񱻰¾㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳû˵ʲôĬĬóһ
Ϊ¥е࣬óһף˼װԼվȣһƳ˹
һۼֿ죬ֱһץס˵ĺ󲱾
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˵꣬һȺһ˦òһӯ䵽Ⱥһײ˺üˡ
ӴһƬû˸һߵ
վڵŸ亹ֱ
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˶Ӱ뿪˲ɢȥ
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һûҲûϢʮ¥ǸŮĴʻˣ˵᲻±¶ˣͰ弸ˣ
û۰ɣһŵĶɤˣ͸ղ˶һչ¶ܰԴֱӴɲϡ
һһƣﶫЩ˵浱ǽû
һסŮĿӲ֪ҵ˸ȻҾͲôƽı飬ʶҡ
ȷʵ֪ڡûκνĸУѣȺҲҲĳ࣬òֵسΪ㣬ֻз׵ŭΪߣ޸ֵĹ⣬ⱲӴʲ֪͵н
϶弸϶ûйΪ֪ı̫ˡ
ˣҲûзģΪ֪Ŷﲻ֪Ϊʲôһôһûɵӵģûᵽɵô£Ҫ֪µȽɵӡ


308 
еʺܶ࣬˶һܰ꣬ǿ϶ġ
֪ǶƿǺܹ룬һ׳Լƿ̳Ļġ
֪Ȼûϵһô󷽣ǰһ꺮ֻ˶ȣòϣһ˵ݼԼʱȥֶԷ
ΣҲ΢ѵĹϵʮ¥סϵָ
һκĽҲüʮľ̿κ㻻˷ĩǰȫȼۣĩľ̿ļֵʳ͡
ȼͺܹκԼòϣҲһ˵㣬Լ׬ۡ
һκĿۣϾκǱ͵¥£ȥгȫҲ͵
˷ȼͣһֶԷݵ·иӣܱ֤Ӧõ硣
ѩ¹ĺڰ׳ƹʱһ꺮ˣ
λӦ̲ס֣úúãڿüˣ
꺮еõĵһ£ǾǸԼֻʵ硣
ֻĻ꺮ʢϲػ㿪ġ
һҲóֻ磬ʱźȫޣ룬һֻҲֻΪѰĩǰصߵͼ
һǵ֪Ĺ˵кڸȡʩȫ༯һ
иıBڵϷʡһϱλBгʮСʱCС
ĩǰҪʮСʱĩ֪Ҫôִ
CУλ޴ֻ֪еڵİ֪ͨ
һֻܣֲãֻܱרŵҪܶ࣬վ̣ܶźŶ϶ӣǻǵöκùϵܴκǶõһϢ
ʲôʱŻбϢһ֪Ҳ֪С˵ϸ޷һС磬ÿһֵܳ⣬пʧܣҲֻЩԱܵõӦıꡣ
ǰģֲȻֱӿС˵֪һϸ𣬸ﻹǵֱ
ڱûϢ֮ǰһ꺮ҪóڶԿ׼
÷Ӧյ̫ݳˣҪǹһЩ豸磬ԼһҪһЩ豸硣
ĩǰһ˺ܹıƶԴҲˣڵó硣ƶԴ򣬾ǹŵĴ࣬һ˸ʣƶԴĲࡣ
˵磬ĸֵҲã¯ȵȡ
˵һ׼ʳ㣬ʳȻľ̿ȵϡȱ⿷ʽȽϵһǳŽʡЧȥģʳҲ࣬ҪԲΪ
һԼС̨κĴ̨һľ壬ľǴ¥һû˵Ű塣
¥ÿ춳ԽԽ࣬˳ŲסƴҲҪðŷѩǰȥѰӻ
鼷þͺôйٷţһĿŵٺɱˣмйůڶ
ǰȥʣϸϽС֣ʣµҲԼµġ
ʣԱȱ̿ȱ˼˵ȥõѡ
¥סߵİߣճٷӣǲͰʮ¥ճ1806ŷ
1806ûס¥һ˼ռˣ⻧˼˵Ƕĳҹ˽ȥͬʱļֵܣԼŵˡ
ԭǸһĿڵļ꺮ߺһ㣬ںˣһӰ˸˵ļΪ˱ůӵŴʱλӺζѬʧˣҲֻԹظɻ˭Լأÿôֵܷʡ
һŰǴȥ¥յķģҲܱ˻᲻
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ͬһԼĴ̨֪С̨Ҳ˸ͬͨһཻʡ
κֶζܻ࣬һЩϡ⣬㿿׬ۣάԼ衣
һ֪ﶼǲȱʳκ㽻׵ʱҲ󷽣κԽԽܸ㵽ҲԽԽࡣ
һЩĩǰСĩټĶҲܸ㵽һΪˣûκǶǮ
죬κһ㵽ҪʣһѶߵͬʱ̲סʣСЩʲô
һǰЩӴ֪ǶĻҡҡͷûн͡
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һһšһ꺮ʵʱ򣬾λ˸һĳãƽҲÿƷ
ĩϵ磬ޱߵĺڰˣޱߵĺڰУʮ¥һȴ͸΢ĹâǺҹټĵƹ⣬ů
Ȼܷ磬綼ʡãϾʮϰٽʳľܻ̿һȼͣƶõԴ磬ĶԽõ⣬ֻһΡ
ҹĵƹţһĩǰ׼ĵůҲ
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ȽůȻĵ磬ȫů
꺮λɳϣޱԼůĺյôůůġ
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ҲС꺮᲻ãëʪʱů濾ţǷͷ
˯ǰʣÿ˼ں״̬£ֻвٲʱȡůˡ
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ʲôζ꺮ãۣûɣΪʲôŵ˵ζ
λϰ˯꺮ͷ˯ŵʱ򣬸ҴñӾͻ˯ˣʱ꺮ֻֿԼš
ͳԹˣʢһһĳ൱ãԵÿ˶Ŷϯ
Ĺ꺮Ȼϴ룬һûæϴ롣
һ꺮ûɻǳȥʣ񣬺ƶֲһΨһ۵£ʳͲͷˡ
ڰݵӣ꺮ЩʵУһȻǲΣ᲻ǰĻ롣
ŵģҪŵĵζ˭һ
ͷɲɣ꺮Ҳ򵥽ͷ۵ѭζߵ˳ǰ
ζӳģһ
꺮ʣæɶأûŵһɵζ
˵ţƿţִΧȹһʱףĵȡű漷͡
꺮һ˲仳ԼֻþˣۣԾߣĶĵ⡢Ͱ
һκʳġ
꺮֪ԼжûŹζˣĩԵʳܷװʳֿζĩǰҲܹ·˽ȥ꿴˵ĩˡ
򵰸ɶҵ̣Ҳ̫ˣҳһڰɣҰҵʷһ룡꺮òУһͿĨͣקһΧȹҡ㣬׽㣬аС
һһ㶣׽㣿
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κѹת˲ţȡ֮𾪣꺮ָԼʣģΪʲô
һȻ˵Ϊգ𣿡
꺮ԭأһֻקŶԷΧȹһģӡ꺮𷽱ɻβӰ޳ĲԼ˫ʼղƽ
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ĩֻϿΣ꺮Ѿٺ۽ǼˣǴ̳ѵֱܿÿʱ䣬ҲֲҹΪʱʹǰ죬Ҳÿ¡
꺮ʱ㲻Ǽڼܶ˶Ҽ˵Ҳ˷ֲʲô·ݣļûзֱҹģʱһȻ֪գ
꺮ŵʣ𣿽켸ţ
һ𣺡1125ţհɣ
꺮ͷǣô֪ģ
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꺮Ьͺ޷ãһٰѿĵƹˣֻʣ΢âſ˸
һ꺮ߣķķһһߣܿ˴˵ֲڶôңԶ
Ըɣǹպ񶼻Ըһ֪Ϊʲôáǡʣʶô˵ˡ
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ᵽ֪Ĺڣһû˵ǣᵽ꺮ϣյʱܼĥ˺ѩ
һϣ꺮ЩʱԼԸ˵ڣϣ㲻壬ƫۣϣԶʱһн塢ͷԣǿࡣ
꺮͵͵ۣһԷһμһȿ㣬ͬģһ㣬ֻƯһ˵ĳʱĽë
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꺮ɻʱƳſڵĵذϣһС
ĩǰ۵Сûʲôζĩ·һֽֽôֲڵľ̿һյ⣬ϻб־21
꺮ܷװûжģһ˼ǵգ


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ңһĺ決ĵ⣬һĩǰϵСĩ˾˳ԣϡ
۵Сѵ˵󣬵Ŀǰȱʳ꺮˵˺װĶûС
СŽشıֽ꺮ֽϵıʼϿκζֽ۵СķֽƬ㶵
һǶ໰ˣ꺮ƺ̸ת뿪ԼǰδɵĹ
һֻߵͼֻֽϣϸµÿֵӦ
꺮ս̲סࣺܼסôϸڣôǿӸ̨һ
һһһĴʣ̧ͷ꺮˵Ҳһ𻭣ͬʱס
Ժʲô˭֪ԽԽı֣֪ĹṩףֻԼ
λãûǿԼס·ҹȥȫ
꺮ǳ鶯ҹģҪͼǵͼ۲۰
аɡ꺮س£æƵͼ
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꺮һŲţʣ㿴һ۾ܾ׼Ƴͼ
һͷţ㲻Ҳǣ
꺮ĬһţǱͽBǿרҵѧҲոˣBŮ׼ȷ˵ֻ֪ǿϵģ꺮ǱBġ
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ܿϧ»ŮչBеBУĴ꺮δ
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ʶôãסһҲһʱ䣬꺮ܾһ˵䣬û뵽ῪЦ
Ⱥͼֻһ˲꺮һͻԸĻ棬ﲻԾŵ㷢ĵᡣ
һУܾļ벻
ۿɫҪˣ˸Ͻϴһȥ˯ڶ˯һ죬ҲûСģ˵Ե͵
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ǣҪǰCϱû˸ôȥ
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κ㱾ƤϣһƤŮҶΰŲ⣬˵ϲŮ˰Ϲ
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ԴˣκΣתѡһĿͳ
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⣬һɾ͵סʮʮˣСٻţֻڵͨӶûС
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֮ǰⶰ¥еûշǺҲеѹ˲ʵͬʱҲû¥סҪѡ
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ֻʱٷܲ䰲õ־Ը֪ͨǼΨһһΣ״ûط棬˭Ż
һƼݵŰᶫˣ·й⣬ת˲š
꺮Լѡ˶ԵĻ飬Ȼʱֻܸĳˣ붼֪Լʲôӣòȥ
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310 
ŵ֪ͨǽ紫õģһ֪֪Ϣģһ֪򣬶Զڰ
κڣһ֪ǰ֪ĸ֪ͨţҲǰ׼
һǰü޺˳ʱ˼ͬʱڰװ
Ŷ֪࣬ۺʵҪǿܶ࣬ΪŶȫ׳ԡ
֪߳Ҷΰ͸蹣඼ˡŮͯиһʵǿƽʵȷʵ
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˶ԹԵذҲǾˮˮ
һʱ򣬴ӿͳߵ¥£̧ͷ¥ЩˣҿԽһߣӵеʣֻһŮˡˡӵĲſԸһߡ
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֪ɴۣȥקһһ˵ʲôأ㷢ĵʱܲܲҪô桢ʥĸ¥ж֪ܾȼƾʲôȣϿô࣬ȵ˼
꺮״ȥƿ֪˵˵ָ
ֵ֪Ҳͣǰʶ˸ʦһЩʽһԼҲ
һ̧꺮ļ򣬿֪޺õģҽƤΪͬ顣ԼͳȨЩ˿ϳҶΰİͶӣݵЩˣһΪǸ𡣡
꺮Ťͷһлߣ֪οڣҲͬһĪģ¥˺Ƿ׷ǹʣƽҲô˵΢һҲõһԼʵɡ
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˵ʲôͱҶΰһѣ㰲ɣһ߶߶û꣬СԼ뷨˵˵ǣԵǰɡ治֪˻Ǹڵˣģ˵ɣҶˡ
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ǣ֪ʾ£ţǰ
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311 Ǹ
ʮĿͳǼװװʮˣСԼҴϣóһλˣѷλϷϣܼܺһ뵽ִܿܵ󲿷ϻǴſĺڴЦݡ
ɵԶ԰ģСͲˣΪֵĻ򰤹ûޡ
һûк֪ͬ·ߣ꺮һ֣Ϊ·һġ
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һߵõ·֪ǹϣĳ
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˵̶̰꽨ɵģʩƣǵĴ̣̣Ҫúܶ࣬λҲȻ𳵵Ҫһ㣬¿ռñȽ㣬ҪǼһҲ˯һŴϡ
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ͺͺκδ棬ͷҲûеģһеƷûṩϽʣֻһλѡ
һռﵹдļף޷ó꺮˵õȥ֮ǰκѹǽҪϽʣװģķ¥˵ʣʱȥƷҲǿԵġ
Ϊŵǰ죬ڼ˽ÿ˶µס֤Էֹδ˽£ֻҪƾס֤Ǿڹ涨ʱ۴
һ˸ѾʼѰˣ꺮뿪δκ˻ɡ
ҵһƧ¥ƳװҪʣȻһ*ر
·Ŷӽ˲ûҪٵģҪ֪˴ʵıͬʱҲᵣĩǰְάȫͲƲȫ
·Ŷӽ⣬гľվڵʿ
ϱıBԽİȫˣľ֧ҩҲ㣬ΰúܶ࣬ڱⷸӵֻҪûȷ֤ݣҲô
Щ̰Ŀ׷һˣҲֻܿһľֵʿɲǳصġ
ʻصӴŽҪһԼܡ
ΪҲȱʣÿÿѵڱ嵥ϣǾͱϽ»ңѰʲ嵥ϣԶһǮҲԼš
ȻûмֵĶȫϣֻԼˡ
ʵĹԱһʣ涼Ʒû嵥ϵʣԻǮҲߣһȻѡߡ
һ嵥嵥ڳڵĹϣоһЩԴȼϡѧҩеӲƷֲ֮ġ
꺮ܿЩϽʲôʣƳݡ
Ҫ뿪ͻȻһ˽סȵȣ
һͷһģˣ˴űٵķװλ͡
С㣬ǵƳϽ
ƳǽģԲ;
һ꺮Цصõĳ٣ôණҲסǰѶ˻ȥˣϽв
˰˵Уȥء
˸߳ȥûԶסһˣҪǸϽƳ
ʱһ֪Ĺ۳ˣͷȥס֪
֪ҲԼĶ·ЩǱˡ
һעĲ֪ʲôʻעĹᵽж
ݹ˵ղסǵľ٣Ǳжġ
һǰļ䣬֣ᷢڱĵλͬǣϲ
ĹŰִŮ֪Ǽ㷢֪Ŀռܣÿ֪ﶼᾪ֪ġǿ󡱣˶ǿŮģ֪ƫ蹵ĵϲִʱ˭ĻʹҲŮϲŮľݣá
һϲˣδΪ˾Ůʱ򣬹ֻͻȻ
ʱǿĳ׷׿ʼϧһĺ֪ʵ⣬벻ףһӸλģʲôֵϧģϧϧ⻹Ŷ
ָָһ°һй֪ĶҲѷһƳϣ˹һƳ֪Ƴ乫
ӣͬ⣬ͬôأ˼ȨҪץץ㡣
֪ɫÿۣȻ֪ǰܵı֮ȤԼİԵ
Σ˷ʱܵ˻˸䡣
֪ĸһĸ䣬жʱһ֮ô㣿
κ㻹ûü֪˵һĴ㣬֪ﷴˡ
һ˵˵Һ꺮κ㡢հ̴ÿȥʣҲҶΰһκͬˣھͿǸ蹻Ǹˡ
֪ûϵһȻҪߵҶΰ͸蹣ʵΪɶҶ硢һŶɲ١
һͷǲ٣ûҳ࣬ǳֵ࣬Ҳ࣬ҲÿζֺܶණǣҶΰԸǸۣļҲռǱˣҲӣڸ蹣ϲ࣬ûҪ
֪üҶΰܽܣ蹣뵽Ű׾Ͽֵܳʧɫʱдʹ̣һҡͷǼȻˣǾʹ˷ֿɣ֮Ѹġ
֪ΪŶҪΪֻ֪ЩʵʵҲ֪
ûһ֪ҪǶǿɾͲ˵ˡ
һû֪˼׵ͷͬˣų꺮ȥˡ
꺮СֹԼ̲ˣ˿ɱݶˣҪûռ
һҡͷȱˣ粻Χģһ㡣
ʻؼңȻʵʵƳϽʧһƳϧˣֻܵ˸ѵ֮ʻðȽϺá
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û̫ȴûгζκ͵͵Ƴһһ
Ӳģһ鵴˺ܶ࣬۳ͶٵĴϴ̲ס̾
·Ϊλ˳Էϲû̹͵ļˣᱳʹźŵҲһ첻һ죬·ϥۣ۶û˵
ʱһŴȣӿռóҩװӱóģ˺ϡ
ҩƷĩǰҲжڻΪҩҲ򵽺ܶ࣬ҲֻһЩѰҩԶ㣬ҩС
ſиҩĽˮˡ
û뵽һһݹһŸҩ˵̣Ҳϰɣλƽﶼôڸ䣬ɹ̫䳱ʪԺӻøע塣
ˮæͷǣǰ£ôŮˣ
һû˵ʲôλøҩֿʼС壬ʼֽʳ
ж·ż·һֻһ٣ڰҹ˲ųΧСǰԵǽһ㣬տʼһסһϰߵκ㶼Եò˸á
һ˵Ժһ䣬ʳһκ㷴ӣѵҲͳһ䣬ԿκҲýȻʳﲻԡ
κ㵱ȻһԵļٷԼڼóԶˡԼڼҵʱΪʡԴʡʳʳҲǽάֻҪľֱӳԣҪ˷Ѳ𡢵ȣĲ
һõóưͱЯ¯⿵ʳŽ˻ŵĸо
κķˣͻȻãڲѡˣ֮ǰ֪ӣôҶΰ͸ռˣ˱ԵˣԿҲ
ڱǰ죬ҵӾôˡ
ʱ򣬱ʽԱˣٶ񣬳ġŶӵģͳͳֻѰ·
ʱ滹ųǧ񣬱ֹͣݵϢǰ󴫣ǵķŭ粨ӿһ˽һˡ
ûֶ˽ǧˣĻʱĻԭһͨסʮˣ˿Ҳסʮˣ̱㣬ʱм䶼̴ɡ
żǧˣ֯⼸ǧ˾͵ڱӪֻס棬ʵסˡ
ʵҲס٣ǰĻпռ䣬ĵذϣȹԼ1ĵ䣬еǿռ䡣
ľһɵģʣµļǧûסֻס¡
ٲ뿪˱صԼԭļңдǧסڱ⣬ΪǼţĽԵ޹ʵģܻ֣֮ǻؼסֵܵסһֵѣȻȥ棬ôţҲҵõˡ
ʮһˮԷסʱòпҿǸˣȻ͵øһ¶Ӫˡ
˻֣֮ǰ¥᲻ʸһߵ˴ʱ٣һ϶ӣȥǼڱأ˾ÿֿ
˿޹ֹڱӵѹ£ʵʵ񣬶һҲҪʼʽʡ
жһ׼ѡõһʵ㡣
Cиϵʵ㼸ٷѹˣ۵ʣ࣬ҪҵCʡ
ڵĳнǳ죬Cռ㣬⿿ߣ뿪Cʣһصʱ䶼
ǣ˾һ
һ޳ֻҪҵһɳϳչһ޺óǾ˽ͨߡ
ǰ죬˳ȥֻѵ꺮һڻһóʼװѵģôڱӺùһ㡣
е˶ӣʵǸģûһÿζѵʲôϡ£ֻΪԼŮһѵǺ£ȫ˶еĳԡ
κ㣬ĺ󣬾ڰй۲һ꺮ܾû֪֮ÿζѵ󱳰ʣã飿


314 ̯
κ㷢˲ԾѹΪԼĿǰһסһ䣬˼ҵĺ˼ҵģһɱԽֻҪԼ棬κ㶼֪ܵҪ֪һó·κɶֵõģֵܷһ㣬ֺαȥ𴩡
ʱ䣬һƴղ޺һС
ĳ㹻ܳȥѰҴʵˡ
ȼһܵùģڱȼܹܿصԴ֮ǰڰܽףʱһ֪ûȥһ
֪˲ȼͷ磬һȴֻһΣʣµҲ˳棬νǽʡ㡣
˴ʮѾִʡһسǣмٹ絽Ѿ㲻ˡ
һһ𿪳·κϰﶼ۲գرܿһ꺮滮·ߣܹܴصĵ·Ԥи·κ㿴ǰŵˣɵࡣ
֪Ｘ˿·£ÿûƤȻװڼСʱ·ϣһ³¡
κ㲻ɵ룬ȷľһ˺֪˴߿Լ͸蹡
سڱּأͬʱΪֺܴӦԾԮҲܿ֯룬ıУԱٵġǺԳ˼£سǵľжǵ䷶ϧû
Ҳûҵػؼ԰
ʱˮȥҴҲǰCбϾǶʡϽıյϼ֪ͨ˶ܵظCС
ʱСسǣûʲôˣѵָʣټӣкˮȥռĶǡ
ʱֱ໹ĩ֮ѾָֹȻһЩַٶǱȳ뵽ȫشʺܸߡ
õǣسҵļݣĩػֳ
Щȫǻģ᲻ɱЩߵ⣬µ֪ڱء
ʵ֪ãΪĿռԷŻֲֳһռֻװ
˷˾ţ֮ץһͷֻֻѼмߡ
˭Ҳû뵽ץߣ꺮ߣ³ӣһƵĹߺ󣬱ûٹ
꺮ֿ죬β㱻ҧУÿһ°߸ĳȥˣĸŮܹץߡ
Ǿ綾ߣ޶ߣ綾߿Ͻ޶ǴԼɱԡ
سǽ緹̤˹ҵ·
ץĶѾ˵ģϽǮԱʱ֮衣
ҪǶ˵þǶԣûطһռ⻹٣ֱӻǮһԺҪǮʱء
⣬ﻹװĸʣسǻأҵһʵ㣬ͱһսռˡ
꺮һ˾ܺκˣһĿռ䡣
κи룬֤룬͵˻ؼҵʱ䡣
Թϳֿʼҹɫû·Ƶĵ·ֻгǰյĵطϡɼ꺮ڸʻͷʼף˦˦ͷѹְһָ·
һԺãʱ·һ飬ͼ꺮ָ·Ҳߡ
ǣ꺮ڳŲס˯ŵʱһûнҲûнѺˡ
ȼǵðǰʱ滹δȫڻˮҲδȥҶź޲ðѱӹϡ
̶̰£ʻ꺮ֻһͷŰᶫϳµĺ飬һ룬ʱжʮȡ
ʮ϶һȽʵ¶ȣ˵ġ
ǣ̶̰£µ϶ʮȣ²仯ʮȣȻ¶ȡ
һ֪ļ䣬ٹֵݲǼٵġ
֣ԲܶԿģΪԭʼʽ༴Եʮϵļ˸¡
֪ӶʮȵʮȵĹж죬㹻ǾܶѼ
ʵ֤Ҫ˼졣
ϣһ˸ϻرʱѾǰҹ˹ǰؼҡ
֮ҪãûϽͣĳƧطʵǱһսռˣϵʣһװĴƽ峵ȥϽ˲ǮΪļ̫ѵˣĩİ࣬ǵ⣬ǼһѸɱԣġ
ٿ飬Ҳһʾ޿ˣĩǰٿһͷ
ץҶгٿ鶼зݣÿ˷ʮ飬κ㱾һֵ㣬һܾˣ˵ƽ֣ԼŶ쵼Ͷ֡
˴Ǯظ䣬·ϻһƷ
ǿԴϵģƽһʣλ˾ͻϣΪҶ֪ס˸ԣ鷳
һŲŰŴ򿪣˰ʣûϽʰȥһվţһпӵĿ⡣
ͬڶסҲһÿջػ˳ʶǿֶ飬ΪCиʣڱʱͱٷѹһˣͨ˼ܼء
013סȫŮˣ˻ôʣҪ˵û˵ǲܵġ
ұʱһʮ㣬ͻرմ󲿷ֵƹ⣬ĵƹҲͣ˾Ϊʡ硣
Ϊͳһͽʡ˵䣬෿䶼ûаװ·һʮ㣬һƬڰ
ȱ⻹Ҫڣ¹⣬ȫ޹Ļɱ¶ˡ
һ£꺮һվſڵһߣһֵͲᶫκһŸԳ磬䵱ǵҲǲġ
Ůĩۣһ꺮òͻ˶ǡ
ֻڱִ˲ãص䣬̶Ҫŷ˳Ժȣʣڱ̷̣ĩΪ໹зɹƵĵĿŵķΪǻᱻץ
ǣȳ˱淢ʲô⣬оȥܣҲǱ޳Ī
˫̽۾һ꺮ϣ꺮еǳڣȴһһؿ˻ȥ˭Ͷ˭ͬʱѶԷ´һ飬ж϶ԷʡԼҵףˣ᲻Լ鷳
һĿڴ⣬ε·ûѱŵ˵ˣڿһ⣬ʳ̶ȣ˺󱳷
һܼס˺٣ػرߣԼȥ߳ŭһ
ܶŹУ˰ɣ
һ죬ŶԷͬһ
ֻмٲˣһĿ֮£ӲͷƤǰ̬ȺǿãҿҲˣӦЩϼҴڵĿǼҲˣʹˣڣûжʳǮ򡣡
ǮȻǮǮ˵ȡȡóȡóҲûҪ
ҪʳרṩʳʳúͳУǼ۸ö
һҪƣΪ֮׼ǵͷͬˣԸԼֵõһʣ꺮ԸԸ⣬Լ¡
һһС̯ƽţڷ˸ͺʳʳԼƷϵӾӣµЬڿ㣬ԼֽϴƷȵȡ
һĩ۰ղ׼÷ֽд˸1ԪꡱڻϣȻͳվǶһԲ
꺮գۣСʣҪڱ⣿
һͷţжģóǮ֮ʲôӦǮҪ
꺮ԼĴҧҧҸһ
һɣзգ꺮ϳܵסʧǰԼҲֿģѧڸſڰ̯
κҲ룬û˶ֵ࣬ʸչԼأֻ˰̯ȹѵٿǡ
֪˻ʱıһĻʮΧ013ǰߴߴز֪˵ɶ
ҹЩ˲˯ڸ֪üס䣬ЩͨûκνȻҲ֪Ⱥһ̯
Щ˸أҶΰǱߣץһʡ
013ļŮڰ̯أ1ǮǰڳĶԼ˵꣬ѿ013
˻϶ǱȽģҲеҵףʽ˶ĸλеĻʣҪô߬ҪôһǮʱһƷȰٻ̵꣬ЩĳжûУǷ׷׼Ǳȥ
֪ü013ڵĸ䣬Ƿô˻Ǯȵ˳ԲϷʱ͸ǿˡ
Ҷΰ̲סԽȺƣС죺Ҳȥ£һɶöء
֪뵽Լѵһ붼ǡǱ嵥ϵģ˲٣ֻǮҲ̲סȥһǶʲôö
Ҷΰȥһ򣬻˵˵
013Ȼ̯ŴиӰƼһĻɿȥ


315 Ǯ
ǵӰһ·Ӷ񱼵˻һ̸ͨǰͣ£ĻĸһסʮˣûţĻüĲ·ţе˽
ͨӦסʮ˵ĸ䣬ȴֻסʮˣ˵λţÿճʮλ̵ͨ˱ѹˣǸû˸ҽסԸڱĵط̡
ͨŻ쵼ˣСܵı»ߵģСܶķڷȶĸҪΡ
Ӱܽͨ㲻ٹ˼Сżæ˵磬ʮ¥Ǽˣȫڶ
ԣﲼʺԹޣǶˮԷģŲʣƾʲôŮסȴֻסھŻĴύֵܣҲһѣƾʲôƾŮƾʶ˧ǿˣ
Ҫ˵Ϊ飨䣩ʵ˸еԽܣ֪ﶼܡ
֪ﶥΪԼǰ䣬Ͱĩ̫ԵɾĴˡ
ΪҲо籾޸ָľ籾ǶȡŮռȻŮÿռڻСӲͬĿÿռһ·ɱĩκֻҪ赲ǿôÿռɱˣʬռһ¶ۼ
ڣζŮ˫ҲֻǴƽ֣ʵʱ֪￴о֮ģ޷óѣһν֣ҲǱ֪缸Ӹϵʵѣ֪пռ֣˲Ϣ֮߱ٱʣȻֵȥҲ磬Ҷΰ͸֪粽룬֪пռ֣ҲӲӲ
ȻŮĽָŴԼĺõԴ
룬ĳС˧ͣȴ룬Ӵ˼ðĽŮ˺ЩŮ˶мһˡ
ûõóֵı£Ҳû˳۵ĳ࣬ûкܶǮסڰ˻һȺ˳ֵܣ˭ܿ
һܿĹһֱΪƽΪ˧ûߣЩŮ˿ضЩŮû۹⣬ݽ٣ֻǮˡ
ȱڶ࣬ȴֻΪϲΪûǮûǮֻڶȱΨһһܽܵİˡ
ΪûǮֻʱ˲ãǳԼû¡óƷǾǷԼ˵ļֵˡ
ΨһһϵŮˣȴֻ籾ŮˣŮ˰ĽȴǱĸֻƭˣƭֱִѹpua˵ΪǱɡ
֪ܱƭֵˣҲȨǮˣû˰ܸȥ̫ˣһŮˣһ
˵ʮ¥ȫס˶ɵٶŤˣУ㵽ŮĿռٸ㲻ֻڰ˻ˡ
ŵùļ֣ʼƻ
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֪ұΪвĲҶΰǸ׳һŮڼʱϵǴΣһһӸſ˸ݣɼж
ҪȽһ֪ܶ֡ʱ֪һ֪Ѿֵ𣬻Ϊ֮ǰʱֻһֿ֪жˡ
ʱһ֪ԼѾ˶ϣʰ̯λǮ
1Ԫһ쿪ţСʱСϵĶˣһЩȰٻ̵껹ȫǮҲֵǮĶһǮ򲻵٣ֵǮĶһͶװ㡣
֪ĶѵһЩϴ˿װá
Ҷΰò׼̾ƣ۾һ˰̡
֪״ü˵Ҷ磬ûǲɢζɡ
ҶΰЦ˵²£ǳȥѶʱٳ顣
֪ﲻϲζҶΰ˵˳ȥų飬Ҳ˵ʲôֻƳ۸˵к彡ܱá
Ц᣺ǿ϶ġ
Ҷΰϸ蹵ļ򣺡ϵܣɲô˵ģΪźӣһ񫣬˵۰Űˣƽʱþ˲û
֪Щˣͦϲֲʳ˼̻ˣҶΰһ͸蹹;ø蹶ӵ࣬ϲ蹺ҶΰϵܺãΪ蹾ͻʵڵˣΪֽƬһС˵
蹿֪ﲻˣæҶΰ˾룬ɫ䣺ˣҼ˳̣ĺӶǻΣԼҲ˷ΰ
ҶΰЩˣɶ˼أ˵̺£ڸ˻죬Ҳ*˵ɶֻЦű粵û£ҲϱǰΪ֣˰ô֧࣬һˡ
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ҶΰŰɶҲ˵ˡûĻʹţǾ©㣬ϲ֪ĶôӵطƷˡ
֪ŴһǶˮڴλ㣬ûԤϵԼסϵ䣬ԺͱͬסҪ׼ĶûжڣǸмˣ˵ĽųѬ죬ܲˡ
һöָ͸֪ڸ㲻ÿֵǮΣöָڲܸ
˵˻ͷֿظˡ
蹴֪ĸһմλӦǴλ˳ȥʣˡ
ԣȥ֪סôиӦҵþ죬ȻλͱŸˡ
蹵ȥκæκ֪ҲǶˣ˿ԣæ˸ʮǮŰæʼܲܰѸ蹵ȥ
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˵꣬ǣþˡ
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ȥ֪С˵ϲ˽ͣҶΰ
Ҷΰɵˣﲻɵö룬ǲǷִøˣЦûأȰˣ
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һۣ˵ɣզΪɶᣬ֮ǰסúúõģͰˣ˵ˣСôǹѹסһ˲ʲôദģ۵ӿûô̹ˡ
ҶΰﲻЦҡͷϲ˵ʲôȴЩ˵ġ
һôãеڰɣ˵߾ߣһĻ˵Ӳġȥ֪˭
̾ˣС罺һҲۻǱˡ
ƨҶΰﲻ̵̹ȼһ̡
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Ҷΰͷ˦ɫҳզˣְ꣬ҪңȫҶöҳ̾ͷˣһ֮ûӣʲô鲻õģ
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֪ﻹ֪ΪʵҶΰ溩ʵڼʵۡ
ڶ컹˵һԪ£һţʻûл
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С˵ǲʲôˣ
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һҲǣѵһģ˵ԺҺӵ裬Ϲ˾ǰߣҲʧˣŵù˾ʣˣҲ㵱ˣǸøɵҲδˡ
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ҡͷ̾ϢЩҴ߻лȥʣȹЩʱգͲ˴ĵطͷѾǷ֪ͨˣҪȫѰʣʶеҴʽΪڻʣӦδս
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ǵڶ쿪ʼһ˰ȥʣϻ̯СʱԼʣʶȥ
Ҳڱˣնȹǰ֣Ͷ䱦ñǮҪԽԽáʣһ̯λǰÿ춼ˡ


316 ʲô
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յһָˣҲûضߣֻܿСɶģܲ籦ƶԴ֣籦һ͵óƶԴЩۣ±֡
ڱһе豸¹ǼôСӣϽ˽ãȥĳй򣬶ЩõǼǡ
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317 
ɲɵǣ꺮ͶBרҵ˹йصרҵѧǰѾμӹССʤؾܻûмǧҲϰ٣δһ˷Ļˡ
ȷһǲǻˣƫһǻˣֻ˲ֻе֫
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˵Ƿһ˵һͻߵĻ
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ҽҵɱѿصĹں벿ֵǵһ·ǰסլִܵ档
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һһǸģΪԷˣ²´˴˵ġӣļȻû񣬵ҲһˣһŮǱսߵģֻҪŻŮͲΪˡ
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˻Ųпܣ֮ǰѼصȥҽңһܵķѾһ


318 ȥ
һִܿҽңռǮ˲ʣʱҽ꺮κΪûǮһϵ˶ҽҩѣҽҸϽ˼ҩ
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һѵĹؼ֪ܵʱʱ׼óռĳȴһǿɱ⣬޿ɱܡ
001磬һֿ˵ˣܶӵ޷ܵĹֻ˵ԶĿƼˮƽ
ֻһѵٶȴӵ죬ҿӦʱܿҪȻǵ͸ô̽Դˡ
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һɻ󣬾ų޸֣ǲٿǸŮڵֵ޸֡
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ʵɫڣӦ1߲ŮΪһĴںǿλյľһ
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裡˵ʲôأʮ꣬Ҫ˵Щеûģ

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Ϊˣ꺮óԼһʽӼøˣһ·ȥˡ
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һڽӹʳˮ͵ͼж֪˵ʲôãһ֮ǰCе·
ҲûܲһĳΪǿó⼸ƺûżر˼ǿ϶ΪҶ˼Ҹʣæ˻Ѿ御ﻹࡣ
ԪͮһˣһֱһȦõļʵ㡣
кܶǿõʵ㶼ѹˣֻʣһǽ塣
һЩʵΪ֪Ҳòߡ繤Ļе豸ˮ޷޷ʹãһǻЩϣ޺úãһֵǮ
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ңҩ豸һҲһװռ䡣
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εѵСгɹ˶֪οľ֡׼ʶˣȻ׼ͷһ㣬ܿľ־С
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յһСѴʱϰһ㣬СῪľˣ׼εİӡ
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Ҳⶺ̫ãܵؽBеԴѹθɾѸٸϻر
ɵǣ˸յԪͮһҡ
Ԫͮһǿģٶܶ࣬ҲҶŴ̫ߣʱ䣬Ȼⶺüһͬʱ
˾ȵĲٶٶȻܽ
Ҫ֪֮ǰͲ⿪ˣ˶ֻڱӪ۾ӣԪͮȴڱ⿪ŵİºܱưãɼԪͮ콨ڿѧĵλ


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һ·ߣ꺮Ԫͮһһڸߣ²ԪͮǱŵ˶
ȣԪͮһұŽһһ·Ҿͷֿˣ꺮ۿԪͮһҽһţһſڵıһʮ𾴡
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ڵ˻ûõˮĻᣬˮУҲûʳҪʲôʲô
ˣֳֹŻвǵĶ
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ˣװ޹ıһ㣬һʼһֶΪƦ˧ʵüŪ۵С
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ĸŮɻ󲻽֮ʱǾͷֵ˽ʳȺķˣǸɰͰ͵ı
ŮԼһ뷹ŵؿ裬ŵͷԣԡ
ĸŮ㣬Ůְһκͱʵʱ򱻴ˡ
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٣ĸŮڱôãûùЩ翨ʽ¯׵ĳߣֱƵߡ
ѹҪǱܣЩ·ʵڹ죬ĸŮֻΪдɽöǴģСĽͬʱһʱҲûռ롣


322 
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Ŀഥʱ˭ûŲߣĬĬӡ
꺮һпĶһôôɣ꺮ѧĶúһйء


323 ĸŮ
˵ĶԻûгãҴ߱ڱϣɱǿˣǾͻˡ
ǿǸͽթѵģ֧Ѱʵģʱ֧Ѿ뿪һ˲֪ȥ򣬸ɴؼҡ
һһһĸŮӣĸŮЩֶΣڱһҴܣϢټ٣õĲ١
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Cбں˸ʡһ߳ٲǴǰĹԱ˳٣ǣʮͷԭֵĳ٣һ󣬳ٳٵȲ֧Ԯѡϸʡ٣þðűںˮ޽
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Ҵǿ޴󱳰ʣ۾ֱˣʳȫֶʳ
Ůʾͬù˩˵ӽһˡ
һ뽫⼸ô꺮еῡɫӡ
ῡ۾ˣ꺮ͼ㣡ǿȾҾȾң
꺮ֳ˲ӬĶĸС
»˺ɱῡ˺ӵһ޵Ķġ
Ͼ꺮׵ܵܣһκ㶼û˵
ῡ˲ϱģھŹвǵ޹ؽҪƤͶȥˣֻ󣬿ȹߣſ꺮ǰͿͷ㣬һɣ׵ܵܰǶᰡ
˵ãһ˵ᣬ꺮;øˡ
꺮ƤЦⲻЦõĴῡ˭˵Ƕᣬһȥ͸գա
ῡŵ̧ͷԵְ𣿡
꺮һῡ࣬˵ʲôԲģϵأ뺦ңûҷɱĵž۰ɡ
˽ῡ꺮ŵϵѪͻȻŤͷһЦݲʣ˵պ
κһһһƷһͷҲ̧˵㡣
κ˼һ£հɣղŶԣģһղѪԵӡ֤
һ뵽Լ֣ͬţĸĸҲǡ
ʵڣ֣Ӧλߴģϣĸա
һ۾һƴԼϣҵһµڴָо·Խʱ䴥ߡ
˻صȥҴϢǼǴա
ᣬԣڸý꺮֣ЩϰߣڣƽҲȫҪô꺮ҪôֻһɶУǡ㡱
뵽꺮ûصһһۣΪʲôҪС㡱ûò
һĪɣȴ޲Żﻹʣˡ
ص䣬֪ŮĺԼһգ˺þá
ԼλϷǰңȫ˶ᣬֻգῡСʱдλ˵ˡҹȥ֮ĻӳܣʱҲῡһЩϴʽյȥ룬Ϊʲôȫ˶ᣬȴգȻó˵Ľۡ
ԼļҰңῡΪˡӣѪȴûһա
ڴǰǲЩģΪҲû
ǣŮ˵˸գ֣ŮüۺԽԽ񣬼ͻ
»ṩjingӣƶŮû̫Ӱ죬ϱĵһ»꺮ϵĺۼ׾ٱ˦һѪαˡ
һһŮĸоڴϣһšĸס֡
꺮´˶˯̵̣Ĵǣڷսһ衱
ͼһվҲҪȥգ
꺮һκη㣬ĵգҲ˵գʹ￪ʼո꺮𣿡
һŤͷκ㣺裬˵úС
κüУĻˡ
Ȱ󣬲סͷºǰŬЩƽѵһǿȡ
ϸĽƼƼԸǿ׳̣һ㣬ҲߣƫݣֳøݻƷΣҪѶȺܴһĶƫڼɣһЩ䲻ʽڱһɱ
꺮Լ˽ῡʱһ˲ҡͷᣬգʲôϵء
˵ô˵꺮ƼʱļᣬĳҲ֪֪Ƕôͳ˿̱񶾺ˡ


324 
ʮ֣ٴҲ֪һˣҪԷֻܼ˳ȥʡ
ʱĵҲӦˣʮֵΣǱ˶˰ֻڱڱȴû취ġ
ǣôȰ˵вʣ¾ԸҲԸȥʡ
ʰɣҪҵɰɣֲǴǰɵɶʱɻɻͶ
û˳ȥʣʲô¸أ
ָһݵ˵˳ȥʡ
еǸܾõСܣȹҪ׸Դ
ǰɣǼֵģʱ˵磬ҪЪɣʮ֣϶ѰģǶŮģǰּ죬Ů׼ǵϰԣٳȥʣܿЩ
ʵڲһôôֲս̫ˣС岻һһȭģɲѰ·
һۣһҷϣȴΪֵǿǵӣ޶ӳǱô㣬ʱͶȥڰ˻ӿûǰôù
Ϊ⣺£Щ۸ˣԵģȰ⼸˵
Ҳ̰֮ʱҲΪͬҵӣ֪˵ɶˡ
һ˳ȥһߣȻ˴Ӻ͵Ϯɱһ
һǿǿԲ޵еģͲ˻Ǹ֮ˣҪ֪һһɱˣ񵽵ǰľ֣ģڽԴɱΰġľֵΰӶܱ͵Ϯοһ
ľⶫ֮ǰͲˣȻľ֧ԴýͣҲѺöȫϽ
ˣʹȥõľڳһڱƴ
ԼȥľֵʱͱһˣԲȴһȥһߡܻܲŻǾͲĵģˣҲһΪ
Ϲ֪ľ֣Ͼûпռ䣬ЩʣܲʧٵľùʣҲ
ȥնԼȥľԱ
һȺ˭Ըȥðգ÷οըҲȰЩֻ̰֮˦һݻǶԼˣǾͷֵɣԺҲҡ
ô˵һסһͨ̧ͷͷʵΡ
ֻǾӵСӳܲλֺһ𣬼ҲκǶ˵¼ܸзλ㣬˼̶ͷ*Ĵ̡ͨ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ۵Ĺϵѱ˸ߣҲû˸Ҹ浽ȥǶʮ˵СռһͨҲûȥǼһ
һͷһҴ߽ԭĻһסʮˣÿסʮˡ
ֵǱֹⲻߺţټ϶ʮʮʮռһ䣬ôҲ˵ȥ
ǣһȥأҪӵ޷ĸҪܴǰֵܵİۡ
ķ˿ǿֵ֮ǰ飬ⲻ֪ҿֻȺΪ˸湴ĶǣСÿ˭˭˭͵˭Ķ
ţȺȷ黹죬ͷЩסʸûУˮԷˡ
Ǹˣ֪ɽᵱԣȥ
ɼˣóԷǵóԷڱ˼죬ͻǮִŵʮ˻ǵóȥʡ
Ƕѡ˵жһӦòܼסÿˣ֮ǰж϶ۣǵжˣ
ҸΪӪѵٶԼģϽҲù
ⲻ֪Żÿˣһء
еûͨĸŮ͵ĵЩ˵Ƭ͵Ҵÿ˵ȥ
ҴĿǰϴ֯ҴǺһ׵ǸŮͲڴ֮ǰֻһͨĴѧĩʧȥ˸ĸѣֻʣһΪлӨл
лӨӹƬʱ򣬾ޱȣĩǰܳƬؼǣĩЩ豸õĲ࣬һͣЪĴ豸
һҲǿȥֶģֻǴӱʳġ
̵Щ豸ౣ治ãˮݻˣֻһЩصĶ治
ϧЩĩò󣬲Ϊѡ˻ʳĸŮӶִ߽࣬С
Ǯ޹ؽҪĶлӨһжˣ˿϶ȱʳǱҪȥץȡ
˶˼½½߳ʣʵǶûˣɻ
ҴߵȵľǣҴ߻ҪĹҴʲô񶼼ˣûаʵİȫ
˽һ˲ʣʡŵֺܼܾãлӨЩʣϵЦƲס
ʣлӨһˣ˵ǻһֱûǺ񲻿ϳ
һͷʣ֪ı
ǱȽϾģҲҳܺ棬˱ô죬ʲôأ
һˣûرǼߣȥʡ
ÿлӨˣһÿȥץЩˣѰʣÿ춼ܶõĶǮ˲١
һҪȥһʵǸеҽԺеҽԺĩµʱӦѸ٣תҩƷеܿ죬ҽԺֻ󲿷ҽԺǰճķѴѹû뵽ⳡԻ֮ãҺˮǵ¥ߡ
ܶҽԺҩƷⷿڵͲ㣬Ҫôǵһ¥Ҫôǵ¸һ¥֮¥㶼ߣںˮûʱתƵҩƷƶˮ
ˮݹʳﶼմȾۻϸһСĳ˾Ϳܳ⡣
ʳﶼ⣬οҩЩˮݹҩĩǰǿ϶ֻܵﴦˡ
ʱ򣬵һõĸʣڴҶʳ»жµҲ
һãһҽԺһȽС͵ҽԺסԺ¥¥ҵһСҩƷ⣬˳ҽԺõĶȫˡ
νãָܷã粡˯ãˣˣеֹܵȣѭãһǻߡ
κ̯֮ĺôǣһÿռŶʮַ㣬ҶøһЩ˵ķиʱ;ȥ¡
ɢѰʣֱԶĵطϵľַͲ
ȥ·ϣӿһðˣһ³ޣ꺮Ҳѧ޳
κȻҲû͵ģۿѧϰ
û취ѧһ¶һ·ߡ¶Ѿʮˣÿ뿪ᱸĶɼܲסӳ⡣
ЩʵԽԽ٣в˻زȥ档
̫ˣûյûгˮȻ¶ûУѷҪʣÿγһ顣
أ˶ã¶Ⱦͻ᳹ײʺ棬ʱٳ㣬ҲܶʮȸʣǾֻڱҹ׬Ǯ
ʱһ̸ǵκһܣΪҵṩһֵϣ
꺮͵Է˽⣬ѧúܿ죬κ;ͷЩˣĿƳֹö꣬ͲЩ֪ʶѧͷۡ
̫ˣһҲûһСʱ꺮һԿţһˣæһɡ
¶̫ߣվһܲ˻سˣȻƣֱ䣬ôܻ
һ״ߵԣӿռͳԴı飬һװţ򿪳װķȣȴű飬һ磬˶پȫˬ
κ㾪Ȳѣôı飿
һȥ޳ͷҲ̧˵
Ȼָ꺮꺮裬ʮҲ˿Ц⣺ǲʱ־Ը֯ȥɨѩ˵ѩ̫ѹ巿ӣʱһɨѩһռװѩҹȥ¥ˮȫſռˡ
κ㲻֪֮󻹻쳣
꺮֪κǴˣԶӣκȻⲻʵģʵ硣
һĹ֮֮䲻˵ܣ֪Щ쳣ٶκ֪ǺһЩ˷·С˵ʹһ֪Ϣû£ֻȥǸǻܻţҲν
޺ú󣬼·ڱǰִ
·Ҵʱһҹշתļ尾ҲѹֵĿ
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лӨ˻ΪһʶģܿǾͿĲˡ
ΪӣֻһһȣȵԲ¶
දＴأܳԵýʳлָĿܡɵֶʳǰԲµʱ򣬵ȴǵľֻ
죬˵ˣ˶ܲˡڵ£ȵ¶ȵһЩԶܼ˸£ȱˮȱԴȱʳ˶ڱǾɽա
Ϊ˽ʡԴյѾϵȣ¶ȴﵽʮȣҲʮҡ
¶ȶ˵ȣǲܻ
˶ȥˣ̫ˣûѡ
еҪԴȼͻú̿ʲôԴõĶϣһԴľά¶ȵյϵͳ֧ʱҾ͵һɡ
ǣԴͰ棬ĳصúû꣬ʯԴҲУǣ˭ȥأ
Ǳ߲Ҫǵ⣬ײǸҪǵô졣
һѵҽʹȥܣĴһûпû˳ȥһ֮󣬽߾ܵûȥĵطʣܵѹһƷ
ʵһܳȥΪ໹ȥʵˡ
꺮κʵڳŲסһı齵£Ҳ˺üΡ
һǶҩκΣ꺮ҲΣǿһռҩŻ
岻ʲǿҩָܻģ¾˷ڿٿˣô
ҩֻܾһΣˣ±Բ棬⻹ܱⲻɣٸһ꣬ǿɾûˡ
ǣСӶӳһѰһ˸013ĴҾڱһɣҵ͸ɣҲ󷹻ߴӣڱܱȥá
κ㵱ͷͬ⣬ʵܲĸˣǰ̶ܻ̣ûˣ̾ûˡ
Ҳ׷׵ͷÿ춼ǳ˵ҽҶװ²ˡ
Ψ꺮˵岻ͨ죬۾챦ʯһóΪȺܲˮۿת
һ꺮Լģʮֿʣвͬ
꺮ҧҡͷ³֣û
һѣǲΪʲôѣ꺮˵һҲͲʡ
ҡһ¡ͬ⣬ѰֻһǳŲסҲʵߴң˲ʣȥӻҲУҪġ


325 
峿ղ±ҹĺڣǶʱĸֻ֪ʱӣÿСһӣʡ֣õĻǸɵء
ͨڹڷţûеģûֱҾֻԼʱ𴲡
κڼĽ£Ҳǻһݷԣÿ컹쵽һƿɾˮ
һ̸ܶʽǿȥʳӦƸ˳ӣȻҲκͼİæȻ˿ɲ٣ƾʲô
ĸŮҲԼĻĸŮһڸæС
Ψ꺮ΪԴϢ²˴
һ֪ǰǿԼȥأҩҲϢü졣
Ǯѷ¶ʮƴһĸŮһСӣڸмϣһҶ
ƣۣƤ̧Ҳȥɻһﲻɻ˶ˣѣôĿյͻϵʱ˸ʮȣǾ͵ֱʮȡ
յϵͳǿܵٿĳСůͣÿͷͨܵ
û취ⲻǵϵͨݣ½ıͨܵȵ·Ҫ裬µͨǲã˶档
磬ʰһβȵ˶뿪ȥɻ´
λκ㣬һ꺮Ů
Ϊ꺮岻ʣ˴λ¡
һ´룬һ㲻˯ѵӡɼžǴ̣ƺڿװ˯ȴҶ뿪
ﱾûйԴ𴲸ɻȱ涨ĿʱҪһСʱÿһĿռвٺöһСҹƣԣе΢ĻƵƹ⣬糿ϴʰ
ǻƵĵƹⱻʲôס꺮Ҳܸоߵı仯ۿӻ巢ʹˡ
߱סȡ֮һӰ꺮ǰһ£Ŀͣ꺮ϣﻯ繡
ֱ꺮ͷ̽һ¶ȣһüӿռҳҩϣַźƿɾĿȪˮ꺮ͷһѵһԽԷһԼһţٴ˰װ꺮ϵСȣһ뿪
ߺ꺮˺þòŴͷ紵ţ΢⣬ҩˮͣСİͷ¼ӲĶóһ֪˭ŵġ
⼸һõó˶ЯЯϼ飬ΥƷǿɾ군ˡ
ԭΪεǸӰһǰչ
꺮ϳ컹δȥͷɻȴʮּᶨϺȡ취˵ܸıҵ٣ҪСǸ˵Ҽۣܹˡ
ǣܸʲôأ
ڵ¶ȣ˳ȥҪþ͵ˣǣȥĲˡ
ʣҪ棬ǿ϶ҪҴߣˣǵӿƼе̡˹ܵȵרҵ˲ţоҵˣɼԴ
꺮Լѧϰģѧ꣬͵ʦϵҲûôãǣһԪͮһңԪͮһѧϰĻᣬԪͮӦûӦɣ
ңȻרҵԪͮתרҵ˵ҲСһѧʲôС
꺮ҧʱ֣´߶ͲغøƷţһȥ
뿪һʱǰHе·ϡ
ʮȵ£ûûˮ˭ܻ
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һбѰӣɾӷֳĶ飬ҪѰԴȼͻǿҵʲôͰʲô
ٷѰӳȥһ죬һϵ˶ҽȥʣѰҲʼȥһΡ
һȥʱѰѰӵ˿𾪲ѣʱƽȥأ
һŻ׳֣Ķһ̲סߵʣСʮȣҲҳȥ
жǸµ裬һƳͷûлػ
ʣ㲻Ȱ
һҡͷĻʲôһѾӿٶȥĻᡣ
ļǵһһò֪ѣ֪ӡ̡
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ΪԽԽѰһȫѸɾˣֻԶĵطȥ
ʵھ֪ԽԽȵʱͲóȥˣס1ĵţռſյԱ¡
ʵ;ȫͬ͸ڵĸ䣬̫˲ֵΣԵöڣȻͻᱻ˫۾ţϴҲ޷赲˿̽Ŀ⡣
ռö࣬ڲܹöʵڱ²붯Ҳú͸蹡ҶΰһȥʣôǮȻٻˮԼ͵Ӳ͡
ǣԽԽȣ޷Ƹ¶ȣֲܶռֻʮȵĸ¡
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൱ڼϸ߸˵ĸ䣬Ȼֻý˵ĵѣ˲ɻҪе˵ĵѡ
֪룬Լ͸蹺ֲ죬ƾʲôҪеԷĵأ
ǵǰģ䶼ûյ
öҲǾǮˣǮŬģĸ˵ѡ
⵼£üˣ֪һֱڴԼռȥǮĵѡ
ʼձһƾʲôһֻҪһǮѣȴҪֵ˵ķݣ˵蹵ˣ˸
Լ¶ãҶΰǱֲˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ҶΰһڣֻɻǮһҪе˵ѣӦϣʵʱܶһ㡣
ƾʲôأʣÿ˸ɵĻ࣬ƾʲôأΪԷࣿ
Ҫֵø࣬źӼһɻ¡
蹶ҶΰҲΪҶΰҪ֣֪϶͵ٷ֡ǰκڣκõģȻṩһЩǴҸٷ֣˺Ҳˣɵκˣ˭ԩͷ
ʷһֱڣֻ֮ǰӻù֪ﻹܴŴȥһЩʵ㣬ҶԣԣʱȻɵڳȥһ˾͸ҪһȣĴʵˣֻȥԶģȥһ˾͵Ϣü죬˭ǰ󷽣
ʱҶΰûֵ֣õԽԽ٣Էô࣬άϵˣͱˡ
ϵͷȳģټʹˣҲãҽһ˾͵ûʮ飬Ҷΰһʮ飬ҪԷѣﹻ
ҶΰǮǮǮܣȢ򣬰׵һ顢ķɩӻơɹһ˾Ҫ˹ūţȢžˡ
ĵūţҲɸΪ֮ûǮôǮ
򱬷ˣŭҶΰ֪˵ǼҲԣöʡ
Ҷΰ˵Ƕģ֪͸蹶õܵܣռ˼ұˡ
Ͼûиųȥʣ֪Ŷӵĺʵ֪ֻΪԼϹ࣬Ӧʣƾʲôƽ֣
ң֪ģҲǸɻӣһʮָմˮĴСģ϶մ蹵Ĺ⣬ûʲô͹ˡ
ҶΰҲǺӣûиˣϴʵ֪ڼǴҳ˲֪Ǹࡣ
ǰЩ֪ＸҪҪȥʵʱֵǸˣ󳳴֣Ҫ˶֣Ϲ򱧲ƽ
֪͸ڶˣþͶˡ
֪ﵱǰһڣŭ򣬵¸Ըȥ򳳣ҶΰҶ磬Ҳô𣿡
Ҷΰ֧֧᲻֪ôͣڼǰֳԼϺˣ֪͸蹣󷽣֪ǰһ˼Ұŵĺˣᣬֻܰдŵ㡣
ͷȥһĺˡ
˵άֲסˣʱƣ֪͸ҪǼҷֵõʡ
֪ۣ䣺ǼҸ÷ֵʣ㵹˵˵ǼҸ÷ֶʣ
ΪǸ÷һʣ֮һ
֪ЦˣƣúúãȻˣǾʹ·һߣǼֻһ˳һʣҵҪңҵʲôʡ
ӣ˫ǳˣҶΰЩ֣̿ҲӲκǰ㾫ܷ֪Ĳ֮ͬȻҲΪԼֻ֪࣬һָ·ãҪ֪ҲԼҵʡ
Ѹģ֪òУһӰˣɵûһκ㻹ڵʱʱκԲһͣ˺ʱ˾ְĴЧʲߣֻʣһƺ«蹺һɵҶΰûôʹ졣
֮ӣ˫Ҳȷʵ˽ޡ
֪͸ûʲôӰ죬Ѷѣɹȥһһ죬ѵҲ˺üƽ
Ҷΰߣسȥһˣû߳⣬ȵܻˣһ춼ûջӣҶˣҶ򶼸ųȥʣһڳȥ죬
ǲĻһû·ûϴûչˣҶΰæչ˼¼ˣˣֲɣƾڴϿ캰ء
ͬסӶȥˣæչһҶΰſʼ취
뵽İ취ȥ֪Ǹ֪ѹ
תͷǰϵһκ㣬ȥ013κ翴ˣ013ûһŵģƾô˾˯һʵҶͷԷء
洫ķ㣬ҶΰӸˣʼյòӦŭһţĵ뿪ˡ
֪֮͸蹾Ϳʼǵġ硱Ź֡
֮ǳȥʣÿζǡĴĹٷѰӣĶ֪ܸȤÿҲܷ֪һЩر֮
֪˴ܶʣǲûʵĳôأ
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ĿһԶȥıӰ۾ԤУһ϶һ㡣
Ϊ֪ҵЯһЩö϶һҲһһҲܡսɡö
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326 
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ǣȱˮЩͨҴߣֻͽʮȥˮΪո£ȴ󺵣ˮɺԣҺˮֱãִĽȾɲ٣ֱӺȾ͵ŵòɡ
ˣðΣպˮ³ǵòҩΣԼ¶£ƾʬ帯á
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ʱסڱ⣬Ҳ޲ʲôˮҪôشС㣬Ҫôڸӵޡ
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ŵĵ˾Щסˣסڱǣܵüëһܼӡ
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ҴǵùɵôãҲµ꼫ֲ֮δֹͣľǼ˸£ôͱ취
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ĵȲһֻ۷ſڣͶԱϳȥʡ
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лӨȴвͬΪƼܸıһʱӸ޷ı䣬δʷĽѵѧκζͺʱı˵ܻȫܰ϶кܴռɸҴߣԸٲ˵Ȩʹ󲿷˹棬Ƽչôأ󲿷˵ٲ
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һˣ¸ȣӹȥĵطͰѳսռ䣬Լ߹ȥɽԽƹȥ·Щˣٰѳó
һԼһ˻ỨѲʱ䣬Ĵ㹻ʣҲ꺮һţ˵ȥ
֮ûкʹΪһһ·ҪôȥȻκ֪пռ䣬֪࣬κˣﻹĸŮԲһҪԣһ÷˼
ʣֻ꺮һԼȥ
꺮ܿڶԷͷ£öԽѹŵǷš
һͬлӨ˸˳һʳˮԼǳıЯԴһѷȣԶڿӶʩ˵ֱɳĮеĸȪлӨûͬһ
лӨмݶ飬ʵһû취ǽҲ취رһİҪȥɱ˷ŻҲɡ
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ߵҲĵȥķ
òƣһҲȥúһĶ󷽣˫·߻һʱĲ²⡣
Ҳ֪׻ĩǰٷĵڣȫµԴϢǿ϶һõģDͱɽһȥKеģ϶ĵҪͱġ
һĽų̱Ⱥ˸죬ΪȺ˼ʹһֵĵͼΪǻص𻵣Ҳ޷ʵʱͼĵ·ʲôҲֻܵȥ˲֪
һڿͼͬʱٷͼĳֺܷ㲻ͬ·ߵķպ棬ѡҲ·ߡ
ǣ˫ĳ·ֿˡ
һĸٱ»ǱԸһĸտʼһͱˣһʼնûķֱ֣뿪
һһ·ϼɽɽˮһֺ⣬˲Ҵߡ
ЩǿȻ٣ǿǿԼͷԣɻţֻҪţһ̬Ȼ㲻ģṵ̂ɫģһûйǣż˺һǴĶģһͻ˵λãЩȥȥܲƽִǾͲˡ
ڣϣһִKеһúɽKпɽ࣬лвheiú󣬲ܼܣȫ࣬λҲΪΡ
һʱ䣬ҵKԼڼеļɽռúﶼսȥ
˳㣬һĳúһС͵Ҵ߻ء
һʼһٷģʼʱϹ棬طͨѶĩʱͱ˶ȨѾΪ˼ѡ
һһˣ뽫ץһˡ
һߵû뿪ҵᣬǱأɱʮˣսľ֧ҩѻøЩѹĥܺߣƾܺߴ˺ǵˡ
һúҲΨһһһûռģúЩоķҴߡ
ڵʮ죬һ̤˹;


327 
һ뿪ʮֻ꺮֪һȥ1󣬰κһĴţҪ¶һ뿪ϢҾһĴ϶˼ͷװϢ
ڱûν޹ܣÿҴߵĹԱ鼾ܣֻҪκͼͨһδ²⡣
Ǳߵ֪һȥûֻˣΪǲʶһҲûչһĸġ
ĴѰһҪرѹ֪һʮ졣
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֪ﵱ˺öԩͷΪ˸ʮ飬ֲɵӣ
ǣ֪뵽˻䣬Ҫһĸİˣ֪һκ㼸֪֪ף꺮ڣҲа취ѹˡ
Ҫǣ֣޵꺮ҲǼ˺ã»ӣ꺮ĸŮÿǮҲԼԺȡ
һһϰ꺮ĸŮ֪͸ס֪ҲǿܺԿɶĸŮסһ𣬰ĸŮС
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֪ﲻ֪λشһ˼Լһǿ԰ȥģǲˣһҪƿ
ûһδƿ֣֪Ժﻹǵһʱ뵽ˣΪʵҲף˵ƿǿڸ蹳úÿͶ˵ı׼һֱŸ蹡
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֪Щˣ͵ĺ׳°ʲô͵ġ͸׷𣿡
׺ˣʲô˼Ǿ𣿡
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֪ﲻұ֤Ϊһ˵һŶӵϴҪȥ013ǾͱһţһҪʲ蹻ˣҲû
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𰲻ķŭͰ͵ؿ֪֪Ҫ𣿲ҪҺ͸𣿡
һ̣֪оԼʲôӵУǣ͸蹶ûȷϵ͸ҲûбĹϵһ·ϰò֪٣һҪΪԼ
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״ǵĵһӽǣǴɱķǵһΪһͷûʲô
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ʵϣ޸ѾըˣŮȻΪ˸ộøѪ֪̫˽ˣ
޸ָ֪ϵͳҪϵͳǿƻ֪ʵ䣬֪Լߣ;֪վȥ
ܿϧ޸ַԼ001Сһ취ҲûС
Դӵһɳȥɱһжʧܺ޸־ͳɥʧ˶001Сļܣڤڤ֮еϣźһ
Ϊˣ޸½ܵŲ飬ԱӰӵ㡢߲ݣҵڡ
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001ǿнУ޸ȴ޷֣Ψһһζ֣޸ͻ001ΣʵǱ˭Žȥġ
һεóȻж޸ȫֶһֵĲ֣еĵ豸ƿأƵת߰
ֽ취һֲǱضô1߲գΪǴ001ģǸȫ豸°һ豸
ĿǰڶַɿͶʽ൱¡Ϊ޸ֵĸ豸ɲͨ豸ÿһ׶ǰϣҪǧ豸ϵͳöǮ
ؼǣǮҲ㲻ô豸Щ豸ЩǼʮǰϻˣܲûǸ⡣
ֳֳҴҴ칫ңͷȫǺˣ001ֿһֱ䡣
ֳڴ绰ͷ˰˸Ѫͷڵ绰ܵתͷͳֳˣͿ£Ǹȥ߶ûޣ
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ִȥϸСľ飬ԼûС磬֪ЩģֻʵȨġ
ֳѣȥɱĿ꣬1ŵǸˡ
޸ٴҳһ࣬ϸը죬һżȻĳֱ䣬ֱָӽǺܹ֣д001磬ӽȴ֪һ
뿪ֻ˳ֱֽȥֱԽԽ࣬˶֪Ȼߡ
ؼǣߣôֱӦϢ֪һʹõ߲ձŶǹء
һֱ˹001ļ⣬ʲôûС
ΪһӽǿȥûκκйصİߣҲûˬľ飬Ҳ뿴һǵӽǣû˼Ҳܱ
ֱһӽһҪ


328 
Ĺǳÿ˸ԼĹܹԷƴΪֻйǮѣȻյһأǼֱܡ
013Ĵÿ춼飬㿴ɫӵָ벻ʮ㣬ǲġ
ʮһ㣬Ҳ½½
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һԴõϣԪͮ򸾲ĸĿܵԿչֲߡռٵԼ졢ȵȣԪͮҽҩзĿһ˷֡꺮ܸ־꺮ܲǱǾֻܿԼıˡ
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ĩôˣֺ˻ɲʲôӢ˲ţ˰˿ڣҲкܶϧ˲š
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Ϊѧַʱѧᣬ˵ȽϲǺܽĩһ£
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־еѧĳǳμ˲ţƫִЩѧŸеӣ˴롣
ڱеԱֲ⣬ҪôĳƼ˾İԱҪôͨԺУͨѧʦ
Ԫͮ꺮־ԱҪĩǰѧҪ󣬳Ա
꺮ֱܴҲܳ㣬ùཱܶ־⣬꺮֡
Ԫ֪ͮ꺮־»ûЩ꺮
һ·ϣԪͮ꺮죬꺮ȥ1һסǼֻ콨еģŮϲ꺮
ȻһҵĻһˣ˺֮ȦӲͬһ˸ммֻ꺮*Ÿ׽
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꺮ԪͮȵغԪͮһʦŽȥ
һȥԪͮ۾ˡ
һҲһʱˣɷڱĵλҲܸߣΪҪļũҽҩйصĿϣǵĹʺĿʽ𶼺ܳ㣬ʲôҪĶԼȥٳԴ
һĶȫЩС⣬˷ȥѰһ֣Ǿϲ
ֻǿһȽԪͮȴѡһѡһߺ꺮ྡ
֪ʱ㿴һĻվ⣬СڱĿŵÿռ䣬װӻǵװ
һȴԼԺһӽǵĹۣЩƺӽǡ
һӽԪͮ꺮ĵ־½
־ö֡
¥ǲǹ־ִ֪ʷǲǲ񣿡
־ǨʷĴ˵ʱķ˵߾ҪûзĩҵĻʮ꣬⼸ʮ꣬пܾͻᵼǨƼƻʧܡ
ǣ001صС˵ǱĽۣܿô漰ʷ־ˣ㲻ʷ
ʱС˵߷׷վ̬Ʋ001ԼƷĹϵǵƷû漰ʵʷ
ͬʱҲ˵Ͼ˿ô࣬
ɺܿ˷ˣΪҸһӽǿԪͮԪͮصʷҲҵӰϣʷҲԪͮˣ001ԪͮһģһֻӰԪͮһЩڵԪͮʮͷӰԪͮѾʮˡ
ԪͮʷǸԪͮ𣿡
ģ־Ҳǰɣ001òǻԭľʱɣ
ҿɴ̼ˣǿĲС˵磬ʷְ
һޱ飬˿ģֻ꺮̲סһֱһ
ԪͮЩöЩǱ򵽵ġŮҪȣЩڱ򵽣ΪȨˣȥŮҪʲôΪŴŮҲûãҲˣֶǷǱҪģԱĹصĲƷ
ֹƷԪͮԵһ̨ܲ±ʼǱԣãһ磬ԴҲУ֪ñľɵжܣǽݷʵģ⣬󷽱㣬Եһ̨µԣ͵ʵȥˡ
ȻԲˣԪͮ˶ԵиҪ⣬󲿷ûеõ֮ǰỨǮԣҲûãô˭øá
Ԫͮߺ󣬴ҵĿŷſվõ֪ϡ
꺮ɫÿֺ֪γ֪ء
ȡĪԺԹޣ浱꺮ʲô֮ǰΪһ֪ŶﶼͨԱȨû֪ҲͰˣ֪ģǣλת꺮Ų֪ɫ
ãſˡ꺮һ֪˵
֪Ŀ⿴һ˵ġ
һǿļ˵ܻպܴһˣøӵ2˼Ҳᱻĳɰ˼䡢ʮ˼䣬࣬ԣ֪ΪԽ֪֪׵ͬʱռҲԹǷ䡣
ǰ棬ϾǲͲţ棬Ҷˡ
֪Ҳпռ䣿κ㶼֪˵ʲôˣѵС˵һˣǶûܵͨˡ
ĸŮЩ£ҿһСͨΪԼֻܾҵҵԼڵ¡ܣʵıʣκ¶˵
꺮ϵ࣬Ҳ֪֪Ůǰ֪ĩſռڻжḻ֮ìǸ˶Թ֪ܴ޴棬Ųôࡣ
꺮ǸϵˣΪ治˸ܣͬҲԲԼĸܡ
ͬ⡣꺮ǵһͬģ֮Ȼ⣬Ҳͷͬˡ
κʼ磬ֱʾͬ⣬֪û𣬶ǰϵûзԵɡ
ĸŮʶ֪˵Էʣ޲þ˫˫޳ɡ
013һ֪ͨ013ķһأʴʽۻҡ
֪ôҲʶһôãһͼĿռֱӰһԷʹá
һ֪ռһҸʱȥ⽫ȫתƵԼĿռֻҪ֪óڷźá
˼Ĵ̣û֪˯ĵط֪Ŀռ۵мһھ˯
ʣҵͬʱҲˣò˵ÿ˶ͦġ
013ĴֵܷʣʳҽҩƷȣ֪Ҳ˼ɵÿζڴԸزأ±ŵζ
ң013ĵѴӲǷͨκĹϵȱ˷Щ¶ȻͣƤˬˡ
013ÿ˶⣬֮˾Ͳһˡ


329 
һصĵ죬лӨúͱ̸Ҳˡ
һʱŻĳַͣлӨãǿûú̿ͱ̸У̸нú̿һ𶼽ȫ濪ţĿǰҴߡ
ˣлӨͱȡס2ʸ񣬰֧ʩȫԱס2Ҵ߾ôˡ
һлӨԼõģռôԴѪһЩҴôУȻôһ󿨳úֻ̿˶ʮ㡣
ǵϣҴȫڴſڣҹ¶Խͣȴ
ʱɳȥһ֧ԶеѰҲˣſôˣ̲סüʣʲôô˶ţ
Աһ˵ǱҴиŮһ󿨳ú̿۱ҴߣЩ˶ǸŮ˸ж¡
ĹϵõһֵܲǸŮĸж£ӦöǱжݱӻǱǸŮĲǹ˵ú̿ѣ𣿡
ϵ͵һ˳һú̿ѣǳȥʮ죬һú̿ûء
ĴҲ˵ˣͷߡ
ĺĺһ֧飬ܹʮСӣǿ׳ȥû죬кͷۻʵ·һʱ䶼ڳϿſյȹġ
ɵùǣǲ·ҳӿ·êˣһֱȼ𣬻óϵĶԱּʱ³ܣȻ룬ʧľͲֻһˣҪü
˸޳һ죬޺ˣҲֻн¶̫ߣֻܾһЩͣſյ
ǵĲȼֻߵKУKеĴ󲿷ʶKбˣʣµúú̿Ҳһߣʱ䲻ȥʣֻܲݲճ
һӳȥ˵һ٣Ҳһûţֶ飬Ҳ֪ð
һú̿ѣ˼ҷǹٷʩӣƶ񤣬豸ûУóһ󿨳ú̿ЩѵصĹٷѰӣȻɶûţⲻЦ
п־岻صҲ̧ͷ١
ͨԱֱԴӳΪСӳӳŭɶȫ˹ˡ
ڴӳ칫ҰСʱʹͷسˣԱǲҿһʣŮôҵһú̿ģ
ҡͷЩǲֹܲڸҪֻ˽´
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˸ָĶŭͳʮǮ£ЦǮˡ
ЦֲǰҶǮˣʲôǮϢҲһ
ĿɲΪлӨһֱڱⲻߵҴߣʵ㵽һúܾ̿⿨ú̿·
ľã϶ͷлӨƭˡ
ôǳԵĵ뵽ֹܲô벻ȻҲɹлӨһú̿Դ
һ㣬һлӨѾԲˡ
лӨ󷽷رʾһú̿ģһԶKģһǣͰԼѵú̿һȥĻᡣ
ֹܲ˷ǳ𾪣ܹԶKҵôú̿ǧͻôˣ
ϣֹܲ˾ϵѰӴӳӳټһ
һKCУһú̿˲ţô׷Ź
ӳǰͷùѪͷתͷյ˲ֹܲƼЩȷֹܲûкŪ˵ʵɲܶɳ;乤ʮȸµ£û˻ӦһСε͵
ӳ㿼һ죬һʵЧʣǷ汾¡
һ㻹֪Լ˹עлӨ͸¶ԼĴڣζţһԼҲҪѰӵ뷨
֪ΪŮǳԿԭǵλԵȣ֪Լĩ¾õӣʵϣ˵ĵطйĶǣǹңȻû˹עӹ̹ضֻˡ
֪̫ǰ䣬Ҳ͹ĩĲпĵƱ䣬ƸȨƬϣһѡȨ
лӨãҪȺܶˣӦȨƼȻһûϿκһ˵Ĺ۵㣬һһǿȷģǾǣǸ߿ƼƷûдƼҪŵ㣬ôҪȨȥѰӵдˣұЩˡ
һ꺮Ǹ⣬꺮רҵһйأһɺϡ
ԪͮǾʱʷ־Ҳǣ001ľʷ֣ߣѰĵ·ĵ·þǱǻľѹեȴ֮£ľӪҺ͸Ʋʳҩ轺ңҿֻС١
һ̲ס룬ķΪʲô001硣
𣬱꺮꺮겻磬꺮ķ硣
һϴܶˣΨϴķ硣
ǵԼϸ磬ķӦΪϸ磬Ϊʲô磿Ǹߺ󣬻Ǳ޸ֹ
һ⣬кöԼ1߲ŮˣǷǴˣĸ
ǸŮڳ˯Ӧþ1߲նӦ001ŮĶأ
һ̫󣬵̫С޷綥˵ϢԣҪлӨԼȨˡ
Ϊ˳ǧҴߣٶȱӵĻͼˣ˶Ļš
2ĸ䣬˼ĳɰ˼ʮ˼䣬һ´䣬013˵ģֻǱĳʮ˼䡣
ʱ֪ļ˳֪Ҳ⣬Ϊʲôһ˵˭ȥȴ֪ȻϢֱͨһǧҴߺһѲ˸ϵ
֪Ͳˣһʲôһһδκ෴꺮ʤĲɵˣѵʥĸ
ǰ֪ﻹһʥĸܰ013䣬˦Ѫ棬Ҳһæˡ
һЩʽκ㣬κȥҼ㣬013˽Уһ013ֻס˾ˡ
˷ֱǣһ꺮κ㡢㡢֪лӨлճһλԷŲٶ
лӨŴСվſڣһˣϸֳɵЦݣ㣬ˣ
Ĵ˵ҪˣģȴŮΪΨæŮ
ԺͬһѺͼˣ֪˴˵ܣһϣɲЩ
ҲȷʵелӨãлӨãûܼڱҪΪ汼ҲҪˣñûУȴĩǴȥ鷳һᣬƻԷݣȡעĳʹڸС
˲뵽ԼŮüƴĸŮ⣬³лӨúãǻһлӨϺġ
лӨҲȷʵ꺮Щõ˸ҵĹĺչˣΨ֪ҶŲʣ͵һ
һ£Լһ¡
κ֪ĶѣҲûжֳ֪̫飬ʵ鶼֪ˡ
κǸˣó֪˺Ů˵ԴΪŮˣ֪ǰֳԸȫ⣬Ҷ֪û˿ģܵõ֪ΣֳһԸ蹵ͻ⣬¾ͻ֪Ƕͱ˶Ůıǩ
֪оԼˣûֻǶ䲻ȶѣҲûط˵ȥ
ֱĹڿǽһðɣѸ˶ʺһ飬˵Щ˾ǼŮнָŮǿӵдʣÿɫŰŮһֻܺһ΢ػš
ܶ˰ìͷָһΪߵƻŮǹ⻷¾鷢һϵӦ֪ûס1֪Ŀʼ
һЩۣһҲ֪ʣﶼйĸûУǸɴѰСӣȥʣĿռװʣĸһС·㹻ʡˡ
֪ͷô죬ֻӳİ£Щָ꺮˵ôøǳȥʣ
һһۣǿвĳĿ鳤֣ÿٿ鹤ʣóĹǸһһٵĻ
֪ﲻŵؿ꺮꺮ЦûעԪͮ꺮ĶԻһֱڸ棬ҾˣҲ꺮˿뿪ǿ߻ܻ
Ҳͬţ꺮ʲôˣǾ׼ĶŮ䣬˽ٰݽ𡢼ǿÿ£нвı
ʵ꺮У֪͹룬ǸƷĻŮˣҲӰпŴԴƷʵȺţֻȶҪάֺƽľԶ˿ٶѣʵϸ̡ѧߵλﲢ١
Ϊ־֣꺮һ٣ÿʮ飬ʮǮǮѣǮԷܴ飬鹻ٶˣ
֪ǰǮΪʱÿȥʣɹÿλʶʮ飬ü죬ʳҲܶųԿռʳûжٻǮҪ
ֱƿǽѣòеĵѣҪӿռóԽԽ࣬ʶǮҪԡ
꺮Ĺʿɱʸ߶ˣһɡֻҪʵﵹЩ߰Ļüµԣſյһ㶼ۡ
֪һ˿ƾʲôʸɿû꺮ִյ׬öࣿ
꺮֪ĺޣ̫ˣʱԼ֪⿴֪ĴţҲһĲ
ǲҲֻܱţ£֪͵ӳİš
лӨûʲôǶϰĸˣʮȵ¼ֱãΪǸʲôУ˵ֻǺѰһʣֱҪ̫򵥺
013ҾһļƻΧмĳԣϰŸʽʳö඼ʳ￴ʣ֪ռﻹ˴ʳƷը̡̼ϡ̲ȣ֮ǰҲ˱ռ䣬ʱһڣȫȶʧˡ
ͷ̨һģװƶԴ磬ʲ󣬵ʤбļӳ֣á
֪꺮ԸҼ֪óôʳ̬Ҳ鲻٣֪ﻹó˺κǰһ
һκ֪ɶָκһƣԼƿһƾͽκˡҪ֪ĩơ̵ȿݳƷˡ
ʳõũﻹصֲ̲ݶںʱݻֿҲڵ¥㣬ƷҲݻѵ̾ƻǸ¥ס˽С
ЩѵҲЩɢģҴҲҴǽ׳ȥˣбõġ
һƣ֮ϵҲࡣ
ĴҳʳСƣһȾƣֻȴˮһӣ֪˵ʲôá
꺮ҲȾƣʱѾſˡ
Ϊһģûʲô䱸ģȵöҲıϮʲôģһΣΪΨһһѵġˡò˷ȥ
һ󣬸СһһקһӴȥɾ䵫һҲ飬ü˸оԼһקŵֱۣ뱻ǯӼסһ
ֻʣһ꺮һûһקֱӵϣ꺮ֱۣƹԼĲӣ§ס꺮ִ꺮ϥ䣬˱ߵߣ̣˷ŵϡ
Һ˯úܳʵܴΪȥˣ֨죬ȴûгκˡ
һ˷£ڿռޣֳ꺮ߣóʪ򵥸꺮׼´ͱһ˫§סӣԭء
úʡµ꺮΢˫ۣ͸¶ʣдһ˿ڱصãɼʮѡ
ˣһûʲôֵģѹ꺮ϵƣбڲѯʵ
꺮Ц毺õݷŲͬѰĺ죬ȾȲ۾ûƺĵġ
ô˵һɻ𣿡
е㡣꺮ƽЩ˿Ӻĺܣܵʹƺ޳ˡ
ֻǣһҲû۵һ˿óѣ
һϵսȥ꺮
ǡôһսбƱ˫ֳ꺮࣬ϰѹ꺮ϣ꺮ֻ§ŶԷĲӣ㽫뻳С
һ⧲ȥΪ꺮󣬶꺮ûз
013ĴҲȱϴƷܶϴƷൽ˵013ÿ˶ſʵ򽲾
ǣһײһζƵĻ̧۱ŵ꺮ϡ
˴ûбף꺮ֺƴͳϵֱŮϾǺ֪˵ĶŮ䣬˭û꺮Ů˸Ȥ
꺮ԼҲûϸ˵˾ͲȤ˶ãκ˶ֻĵʯ˵ֻСá͡ûá
һͬ꺮һμһô˺棬Ŵڸ¥ǽֱ󵽲Ҫ
꺮һչ滮ߣδĸŵװףһμһƵˣһӦǺ档
һôôõֱ֣ˣһôϵ¶ĩǰԲύ򿿽ˣһΪʲôһ߽ߡ
һ֮꺮˿֪һﲻԾˣѹһһ˿һˣòǰ
ֱһǰĸģп˶ԷģҲԼġ
꺮ѣе֪꺮Ѳ٣еĻǣֹ֣еĻӵûһһһһԺ֪Լһĸ飬飬鲻Ҫഥļ¶̽
꺮֪һ̶һĶģ֪һݵƣһӣ꺮ԼϲˣδעڴҲû뵽ԼϲŮˡ
˵ǣѺһȻȥӺᣬ˿һûʲô飬һκʱ̷·ע⵽꺮Ҫ꺮۵ĥˡ
ֹһε룬ҺһǻˣӦûи飬һϲˡ
־ѹһϲˣҲϲ
ƾú˱仵ˣŴ˵ͳ嶯ɵͲˣֻĻ֮ˣŻžͷƽʱ¡
ĹȫϵС̨ƣߴϣһϰ۾°ӰС
꺮ֻܿԷڶ۾һȴܿ꺮糺鶯ܽ꺮ϵϸڿ壬ܸܵƾϵķҲܸܵ꺮ε顣
ͻȻﴫһ˭˯ʱૣŵ꺮һҶ
˭Ҳûֱ૲٣Ÿһ
ס޾ǲ㣬꺮ȡ־ס1Ȼxûˡ


330 ְ
󣬴ҵڶľ񶼲ãһ죬
꺮һ˭ûʲôϵһ´ҹ˸ﾡʵİ⡣
˹ϵ֮ǰһܣ˵ûٸдϾŮϵãܾٶܳΨκܸоһ꺮Щ֣֮ķΧڲȥ
ڣദʱ䲢࣬꺮Ҫȥʵϰ࣬һҪȥʣҲͳʱ˰*Щܾٶˡ
֪￴ֱۣ֪Ѿը˹
ȻһӽǵֱֱӺԶסĳЩصĻ棬Ǵһӽǿܸо꺮һ⣬Ͳѹϵ
ˣһֱ꺮ŮľУ꺮Ů顢顢飬ڣ꺮ɱ»ӣں֪ǰ飬꺮ӣҲδ층蹣ûѸ蹷һϲŮ˵ͬ
ŮǺ꺮Ĺһȭ޻ϣ˵õһԴأ꺮ѹϲˡ
һֱ֪ۺԼӽǵۣᣬװ͵óʡ
Ŀǰ013ҶԼĹҪæΨлӨá֪һûģǵóȥʣѵʳһ֣ʣµĲֽõĹǮҲҪһ֣һһ
õʺǮڴճԴҲ֪֮ǰǸ࣬㲻һֱΪ˵ܺеˡ
뿪ʱܵ˵עĿȥˣҪôҪô
ǱҲ˵ֱóˣ
һȥһεĵͣѿռСó֮ǰһ޺һװú̿͸лӨˣлӨ⳵ú̿ȥףһˡ
ڴɱѰӿĵǿĶûܴõʣûҴӳҪӳͰѳӷһ֧Ѱˡ
ĿǰѰܹʮ֧˵ˣСǵֶӣһ㶼ǽӡ
ѰӣԽǰζŷֵװԽãѵԽ࣬ҲԽáҶ֮ԱǱȽƵģֺõĶԱܵȥǰķֶӣķֶӵСӳ֪֮ǰĳɼʮֲ
ö֪ĺ֪ʹһЩֵֹĵط֪֪ﲻռУΪĹ
֪꺮ɫȴǾܵرãΪĴǱٷԡǿ󡱵˺ܳԿӲձ
һһ˭Ҹգһ֪лȥȡлӨڵڴ
˵糤ҹ̣磬ţͷȴѾҲ̫ˡ
£ʲô󣬴Ҷˡ
˿ͷĿѣһȣлӨͨˣǶվڵڵ棬ǿܸܵﴵ硣
ӿûڣͱĩ󻵵շѸסˣһģշѸ⻹ѵѴɳҪȫŲ÷Щʱ䡣
ȥסһҳڣȻһ̧շѸˣ·
Ϊһ˿϶ҪȥȡģϾʣûгǲеģô϶˰ѳ˵ңֻҪסԹĳڼɡ
˭룬ֱӴ¥뿪ҵһ˵Ŀյóﳤȥ˷Сʱضû׵˳ȥҲûҵ˵ʱ֪Լͱˣһһ
ˣˣĵɫѿû뵽һķʶôǿǲӳȻץסһͨˣ´ȥЦ
ЦΣ˷Сʱ˺ͶϣɶҲûţȫǷϳʱѾǰ˵㣬̫ԽԽԴӳּ˸ºĩİȺҹܶ࣬糿ˣֱʮźڣ糤ȡ
˷ôʱ䣬ԱǶЩˣĵЩԹ
Ҫ֪ǵĹȻǹ̶ģÿܶѰˣѵٵĶԱڻܴӣҪܿ˳ɼǿɾ͵ñϵȥˣҪ֮󻹲ֱ߳ѰҲûܣϾûν룬˶ƴܻȡȥԴ
ΪСӳؼͨҴߣһûҵʣӰûⲻ˷Ѵҵʱ
ΪˣӲòԶĵطȥʣϣĿȱ
ΪߵԶȼͲ󹻣·Ϥ·êڶһŸϻرΪ¶û뵽ֻǵһʱ䣬ôصĺ
ľʧԱһͷûʵ˵ȥǴӳĽе칫ȥСӳְλΪӵͨԱ
Ĳŵسվְҳˣ˭ӣ
İԼÿһԱһ飬óĽ˭
ӳЩͷǡôʱӳڵ
һ߽ǲֹܲĲŵ˾Ȼһ
üһġ֡ǳˣһ֪ﲻͬȻй֪֪֮ɰһӲÿμҲһ䵭кöҴţ˽
ֹܲĲսһеŮԣЦУһЦǺǵ˵ѵأ
ӳͽǰͬ£ǰCеľ쵼ĩǻ졣
ӳЦݲǺϣ´Ǹˣ
һվóһΣЦ˵ǵҸҿʵÿγȥʶܴգǸ˲ţǲֹܲ˶ʶÿϽǶǶõģϴһú̿Ҳ֪С˵֪һطúҾǴӿܸܲ齨֧飬֣ȥһú̿
ӳһǰһһСĻ֣ǳȥͽϸ̸¡
Ļûڣͱӳһֻۣñ뿪һ죬˾͵ڰ칫⣬һվһߡ
ЩϢʣǽǸ֮ͣȥ
һھһѶ˵Ŀǣһװ
ü㻰أ
ι
ưͰ
һûʲôӦļÿƷˡ
һӽǵĹڷ׷׷ʣǣô;ﲻһʲô谡
ôͷˣ˺˵㲻˼ңòˣ
̫ˣ˭涨ұ˵͵㣬ǶΧתǰɣ
ڹǳֵʱֱӿòҪȥץһļǿһӡ
ȴ룬ȥ֣ͱһץסһְǽϡ
໣ʹʲôĵļ̫˹עϹͬʱ칫ҵҲˡ
ʲôأӳüһЩӣˣԺӵСӳǶأùϵô
һԣֵͬʱ˵ãҵӳҿԹѵҵĶԱɣɧŮ˵ĶԱԲȡʲôĴʩ
ӳһʱЩӦ˭ɧŮˣ
𣿲԰ɣǸʮľԴһֱû̸󣬸˵ϣҲ뵢Ĺ
ھϸɲԸֱŮɫΨ֪顣
һɻʣѽҴڨҲץңؾ֪ˡ
һ˵⻰ɼʵ࣬ӳûصһۣһĲ¸ЩаЩȲˣúڼҷʡʡ
ĻҪΪԼƱ磬ӳȴˣӻ˴ߡ
ĺ֪ŷӦղӳ˵һӵĶӳˣƾʲô
ƾʲôȻƾһúԴʱӳڰ칫̸ľ¡
һشʵʱ򣬾ͨһʵǶһ棬ôÿζôأ˲š
һҲ˳ԼԸѰӣиܲĶ飬ҵǶӳȫӵָӣӵоԵȨ
һֶӵСӳλãӳġ
ӳһʼǲԸģΪһҪͰЩú̿˻ۿ˵ϴϹèײأ
ɽȴ˵ӣ֪֪һ󿨳ú̿ҪԸҴݴôú̿öǮ򣿲ѵҪҪȰʲĳطĶȥ
ѰСӳһ¹ʲŶǮһ󿨳úֵ̿Ǯô򵥵㶼𣿰ձˣְλֱӴú̿㣬ҪǾ鲻ãҾȥ˵ȥ
һӣ̬ȷˡ
ӳһϼƣȷʵôĲ֪ʲôʧԱҪѰӵĶԱóͽ̬ԾͰĸһһȸһСӳְλú̿ôģú÷ʡ
ӳΪ˸бµġⲻֻ֪һٷĵһδ˭˭˾˵ء


331 
ڶһӵһγӶԱˣм̵ıһץһ٣浽ӳǶȥǰһѵ
ӳһһϣԼûѺûаװƫ̻
һץ̶ͷ뿪칫֮ǰӳҪһǾԾӶԱȥ滻ĶԱƼԼΪϸ˽顣
ɰӶԱŵòᣬǲҪıСӵ׷ϿҵҪıԼСӳ滻
ӳɫЩڰ칫ſڵһҧС
һ뿪ıӰﰵ˻һú̿Ȼ⼸ֵµ˹˸飬󲻺ճ͵һ
ӳͽӵĶԱĶһ군Сڿ֣мӵĶӳ˵ͻȻӳ¶ӳֶηǳ׷ǰ
һǿֵĻᣬ糿ʹŶǰKС
KȥһУǱǶúȥģ˸ղ˵·ϻʧԱνʧء
Աɻһûǡ
Ȼаҵ󾮣һδеú̿ȫװռ䣬ϾҪҴ·
û뵽һˣһȹһҴ߻壬ѾֲסҪǨCУȥѰһеı
ԴʵǼͨҴҪ۸˲š;ӣʵ̫ˣú̿ڷ磬Ҳֲ̫á
˴úһһ˵ľ޴ջ񣬾úĵַû˵ԴЩ˻رΪȡǵʺԴ
˭Ҳû뵽һӳȥһܣʹüú̿ԼһٶҴߡ
ֻԭסǣЩҴ֮߱ǰҴ߻Ҫ׺ݣ׹⣬һǼѪġ
Щ˷ĺأǶһȴ𾴣ԭסҰҹûʲô
ıŷʡڼ䣬ӳȥ˼Σ͵һ޹ȻػӶӳλãٺúýһˡ
˭ܸڱļʮôģ
Ҫ֪ӵĳһжУӵĶԱ뿪ʱǼģΪûӳӡ
һа취ȥĵͣ˼Сʱʱ䣬޺ܳͲһԽҰнγֻҪܿС
ЩԶյĿ꣬ӶԱ˵ǰĺó˵ʵʵڵĺôжܲڳ￪յԱҲʮˣϣʵܡ
ڶֱҪ̫
ӣ㻹ûҵú̿ѾкüԱһˡ
˭뵽ǵĶӳǸȸ߼ά޹Ĵء
ǣȥʱʱֶʮ
Ǵ󿨳װʺú̿Щʲʣҩ
ϾǸһȵҴ߻ǰҲǰֻĳЩ˸ȨԴһ㲻ȱ
˵һһʱ䣬ڸ·һװжʣһ޳
˿һڿһ˯ϢýµĻһ
ʵϣһҲȷʵǡ
ò˵ôӴĳӳڱĴʵۣĳӲ٣䵽ÿ֧СϿ϶ֻмӻ˶޲ſһԿʮֵʡ
ӣĲҰվڴſڣһһδӣɼ˾ˣӻһϯ֮
ûУûһϯ֮أӳÿվ
һٶҴߣһֱҵֹܲĽͼʶǱӳýӴı߲㣬¸ǣҲдֹۣ£̸
һٶ˵ȫʣȻǡ
ǱøӵһΣ1ķҲá
Ȩ׼òΪʵ·ν·Ҳֻó˼ֻסһ˵ķ䣬Լ̶ѡ
ҲһòһЩòࡣ
˰һٶ˵ȥһתͷҵӳҪƼˡ
ָҪ˼룬֪лӨлҪӣˣȱ
ѰҪŮԱ֮ͨǰѰĬԣûŮ˿Լ롣һŮҪ룬ͻᱻЩԶԱˡ
ѰӶŮԶԱҪĳЩԶԱҪͣһӣҲмûоˣƽġ
ӳӦöŮ˾Ͷ鷳鷳
ʲô鷳Ȼ˵Ⱥֻʲô鷳
һ֪Էڹʲôһ취ǿķν裬еȵȡϴɧŮ˵Ϊ͸ܵĳͷ̷Ρ̵ȵȡ
ӳȻͬ⣬ϴη֪ԣֻţǳ˼䣬Ĵнݼ٣ͬԼԶԱʩϸĹܿء
һ˵Ա˭ܵͷӳǲ⣬Ϊ֪ˣҲĶԱࡣ
û̸Ϊ˲ֵ̫ͺЧӦһ˵촰һСҪ󣩣˻ܾ˵ݶһҪ󣩣ǿܻЭܿ촰СҪ
ӳ˼Ӵȵͬһ˵ķſŮԶԱԶԱһ
ӵĶԱΪ˴ж˳ɼ˶ֵ˲ٵĽ𣬴Ҷһķڷû֮ǰǹӰ
ʱҲڡݼ١ӣһĶ˳ۣĵǣιӣﻹˡ
о֪֪ôΨһŮˣ֪Ī⡣
֪˽»һʣܴܲϸ蹣һӵĵλôߣһ蹲⡣
ûڣͱһǱ˻ȥˣѪܰ013Ѿŵٴж
лӨõ񾭴ȫûע⵽֪һ֮Ĺգø˵رһ𻶺һڵ⼸죬Ҫȥʣǵóȥûд֪͡
ɢҴ߳ȥʣҲ֪ûгӿõģ˸취Ͽŵ뿪ҹ¶Խ͵ƣֵͲʣȻڵڶǰһѰӶԱʱص
һͷĿѣ֢״࣬ΣҲУǾһиʲô⣬Ǿǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ѧôǸ̤Ǯʳˡ
˵ѰӷſһŮԶԱҪʵȥӦУһǸľϲǾӣܲ
֪ΪԼܼ013ḵ蹡
ȴʮżǿó֪︵蹵ģôŮһһסأ
ǵǺһĻ޷ܶӵʹ࣬޷Ļһͷ֪ﱻƿѶһĿⶢŵܺͲʣ޷˾ʵֻǳڰģ޲Լ֪ȥ︵˵顣
ϡԱع飬Ҳ¶Ա룬ûʲôϴεжÿ˶ֵٽ𣬻ȥĵس˶в˵ķҲ˺öڴҿһ۾ﶼŹ⣬мһһʱ͹ȵǰѯʣӳжȥú̿
һҪϵ豸Լʣ˵жú̿ȥMʯ͡
Աȫɵˣһ֪ҲɵˣʯͣҪǿǲᰡ
Mһ궼ƫͣҲûӹĩﱻ긲ǡˮûˣ;ˣ˲ˡMеĴ󲿷Ҵ߶Ǩ˳CбһͱλJС
˵JоMбCиˮ¥̨ȵ£MеĩܹõܺõƣҲǿ¿ɵģJбӦӸùЩ
ͳ棬Ҳ˵ĩǰɣΪй©ʧ豸ϻⷢէ¹ʣ˵ˡ
ԣںˮδȥʱMеİȥԭͣ˻ذ취ӹΪ˲רҵ淶Լָأһδը
һδըֱӵɹȥĹ˺ΰȫMаشʧѺJа϶Ϊһ
֮󸽽ʡϽıҲػMмʯͣߣ׷ըʧ˲֣ڷһ⡣
˵ʮȵĸ¾ԭȼΪ»ᵼԭ͵ıը޷Χ󣬲ǿɹ̵̻ıընӡ
£һȻԲ˵Ҫȥʯͣ²·;оʹŴһ𱬻է죿


332 ѵ
ʯ͵Ļе豸ͼ֣һУδȥMУʹMפһ£һڣԶԱǽѵѵǿʯ͵Ļʹõȵȣ˳Mе￪ɾ޸ֻ豸Ҳ޸͹޳ɵԭ˻رĹҵҲзԽԭ͵ӹ
һΪӳ漼ָĻû˸ҲԱӳ˵ʲôʲôΨвʣʲôʲôԭֻ֪һڿʣڴӣǲԭ͵
ĵڷһΣ εʱһֱֱߵǰӸ¶
һĻҪңۿȥȴƸ࣬ƽȴһһĵĸо
Աǲҿһ½еĶӳһǡ϶ӳǶͨԱ˵˭Զûʸ
Ӳҵ㣬ĩ֮ǰֻһдѧûļףҲûϹ࣬ĶЩǺ˵˵
һֻҪһɵ˶Ӵ˶ӾԼ߻ر
߻ȥ
۹۱Ǳǹģ˵߻ȥǾôȵ죬ûдյĳ߼Сʱ͵ˮض
ĻûԹһΪһֻŻɲŴġ
³ıһַۣѺ³һ߿һԼҲϳϳ˲µİ·ϡ
ĲûԼĶԱ̣ʱȴԼѲһһϾͬСһһˡ
ıڵϣյգ¶ȸߴʮȣͣڸĵͣҲҳɹ̫Ϳ˷ɹ˪Ҳܲסɹֻͣڴ̽Դ̽Ȱܶҡ
һֹԱ̽⽫ĵŶԱķЩңңǿ˴Ϳ־塣
֪лӨһл˾ܹأῪһ˳ˡ
˳ﻹжԱĵ㿴ҿ㣬֪˵ʲôá
֪üıϾѰӶӳҳڡλߡһô
лӨֵÿϡ棬̲סֿࣺԣ۰ɲǳصģΪǹתΧת
˵СʱһСʱµľ˹ȥ
תߣĸоǻÿһ˿Ź̵¶ȣоǻ̵ۣ˵˷ֵʹԼҲʽȥƷˣȻ֪ۡ
͵ӴĲ񱻷ϿһʱֻỻһӴȵѹƣ͵һ涼ˡ
Ϊѹڸ˿İ·ϣֱˣ˰̿ɲ
һ˻ţ֣ץ˵ĸ첲ӽԸԱĹҩ
ԱĿİͰ͵ʣӳզ죿
ţڷǿȨѫ¡һ˵
ı䵭Ǻһʱֲ֮Ļ
Ա˵ȥչģ붼֪ڶĵλһһԭͳɹôǾԲӺùˣ˭մ˭ù
ƽʱһսֵܣʲôŮ·ֵ㣬浽˴ʱսʿҲǿԵġ
ʱѾʱĵӪˡ
һʮ󿨳װ㹻һµʣмϻװ豸൱Ǵسⶼ䣬˵ҵˣȥʱڸԭͽҲС
ִMеʱĻûѣѾMŵòҿˡ
MеشDյ¶ȾͺܸߣȻ£Ϊ˸£Mе¶ȱCлҪ߼ȣ¶ֱʮȡ
ڵӪҪˣֻҵһĵͣͣʱӪأϾ֮һ¶Ҫ
һǴŴĽĶӪؽдµطս裬ͨ硢䡢豸һһװãΪú̿ڱҵĻվûֱú̿ģεķȫȼͷһ˹ƵúĲ͡
ĩȼͻǸصļվվ͡͵ȣ϶ʡĴʡԴѹ꣬ȥʡѹΣʡ*ľ档
ңĸʡͱʱ򲻻ȽȼʹأMĿɹ©ȼԴ֮١
MкCȫͬƫ¶ȱCиߣαըڸǰͷը֪оʲô
мαը⣬Ϊ
ָңDֺγءһЩʹҲ͵ط齨άĩ΢Ĺ򣬵һЩͺҵĹңѱ£ѡԱMоĶαըУв֪ͶµĻէΪľǺD
Ǿ˶ĥѵMѾĿȫǣ˵ĸ˭޷̤˵أMаJסԼȴɡ
ӽMгʱ֪ĻΪ˻ҵս
ĩǻģM鲻ģԫϱڡķݽӳ˲ɵüͷ
ǡиԱϼMеģ˳̲סۿ졣
ʵĩҴ˵ĩ·һΣƴȥֻΪѺ󣬻صϤĵطؽ԰
ۼ԰սҶ֧飬˭˶ܣԱڳ϶̲ס
ϵһʱ֮Ҳչڳأĩǰǿս֮࣬ĩңνʹܲƶ˵һ˱Ϊ˻ԭͣǿԼΪ⣬Ȼ˵MˣDʡжס
Mпʯ͵ʱӳ£Ϊм仹JбʱʱѰӣ˵˫ͬ˫ͬʱڸʡ֮ĹϵҲ΢еʡлϲΪǿҲʡлụԡMеλøJУMаѾJбȻΪMеJбCбѰʲô
˫ʱʮֹ죬֧ѰӶϾжпϲܹƵҴ߶飬ЩͶԼٷϣֻɱӣһøӻҡ
һ߸˳ľ֣CбʡϣƹܵľǿƼѰӼһѲľ֣ӵܹסէҲС
˫˺ܾãû˸ȿľ֣Ϊһľ־޷ճⲻֻ⣬⻹ϵD˭Ҫǿı᲻ҲУ˭Ҳ˵׼
ң˸£ľҲܱ֤᲻ըš
JбǱһ棬˫Ǣ̸죬ֱЭ
JбC￪ʯͣҪɸǣһð䡣
һͬˣҲJбMиӦĩ˲MҴߣЩҴ﹤Ĺ˺͹ýܹæؽĿɹ
ĲˣԼǰԵһôܺJбͨˣ
ĻأMҵ֪ڨԴ͸¶֪һö࣬󷽡ǿһרơ
⻰֪ЩӦ֪ģ𣿡
ı齩Ӳһ˲ִܿЦ֪ֻ㣬Ҽǵǰʣӣͷϣòƽ
֪뵽Լһȵļʱ䣬ǳ鶯ӣӾǱһȺѪ
ĩĲпѣ˵ˣԼҪģֻˣǱǿˣ˵óԼƽӹóϵģCбû1ʱ͸óˣͻȻʵıôȵùЩʵȨĴء
֪ڰ֣Īе裬С˵̲Ůһǰ䡣
ϧףľ̲裬ô˵ֻĲģߥȥһˣ͵ð013ûҹñ齵µȨҲû˶ٶ˵ĺӣ浱ɵ
֪תͷߣ˳㻹ȥһǶĵ״ɵˣžͷֽĻʳֻа
ѰڱĵλܸߣϾÿǣҴȷʵѵʣ󣬲Ѱרҵ豸ͳȥԶĵطʡ
ѰӵĻʳǺܲģֻܳԸɰͰ͵ıɺѾڵʳʱѰӵĻʳɱٷ𣬲˵ٶˣÿһ˵׺ġ
ֵֻ˰
򷹵ĶԱĿɨʱɿصͷߵǰʲô˼Ҿֻ԰
Ա˵ʵ÷ˣһӹͷ˵԰Ӷˣӳ˵ˣ첻𣬾ͱˡҪǳ˵壬߻رǲŲMأб֪ɣ浱ԼǶӳأԱˡ
׻嶯ץסԱ죬ȭͷû£ͱԱߵĶԱסˡ
˫ȭѵ֣˼ȭŰһԳȥˣԽԽܣһҪǳȥᶼڵĿˮࡣ


333 
Ҫ˵ѰӵĴһ㹤ڸأΪʵǼ࣬ɹ˪Ϳһһ㣬һûãÿ뿪ʱӪضôϷɹһµ³޴·ʾƵҲֵסȣÿ˳ȥһ˾͸ˮ̳һڻصʱӪÿ˶һˮˮˮ˯ûôѰ
еɹøú̿һҲֻɹСƤ
Ƥı׼Ů֪ҲɹСɫƤ˵ˣһûʲô仯ΪƤѹҲƤΪԵúȺҲƤɫԼƤСɫԵٸͻȺһۿȥ֪ͷġ
ΪʱȣԼʹȵʱ䣬ҲΪؽæµ
˵ıӿӲܰװÿøɵĻǵøɡ
Ӳù֪ﲢͬϾ֮ǰԼöʣÿζǳ԰ǣڿһһ˿ֻĿ⡣
Ůֵ֪ÿϷȴˣ׷׳֪ﲻ䵱ŮŮĵģҪŰŰ
޸յ˺ܶͶߣҳһ࣬ͶҲû취Լڲϵͳˣæɱء
Щ޸ִСῪͣ˵ʲôͨԱǲֳҲû˯þ
ѻȸ˭Ὠ飬ֳɫһӣƽһĸڵƵģڶưˣ
磬˵ô죡
ֳ㵽ִĲ磬ʱע£˵Ҫִ߳Դ001磿
ִߣǾ͵ٴ001磬вô죿üͷ̷ԡ
ܲ䳰ȷǼôߣһССĲˣ֪ʲôԵġ
ɫ࣬ɴһ̯֣ˣаɣǲbugͲܰɣ001Ҫͨǵȫ磬ʱֳ鷳Ǹɡ
ȷʵ001ֱ޷رգ˵ֲѾֵȫ磬ֻ͸ѣΪ޸ֲܲˣȫ̱Ǿ군ˡ
ֳǳ˼ܲ䣬ֽôǼסǾֵϵͳֲӵȫȫ군
⣬Ը֪ϵͳҪ֪Ϊߵļ䣬籾вͨѹŻʶԾ
ʵԹ壬޸ֵ˿ɫ˾ȫһ·ߣϡԸʺµ֮ǰ1ƻߡ
ܴҲΪʲôݻٵ1ֳСУ֪һڶСͼƻˡ
ֳͷ۵1̫Ѳˣʲô
ͻȻС˵Ϊϵͳ˵ûԱֵ֮ģΪڰСŮԾѣЩŮʶǿ͵λĲƽȣ᲻λġ
λ޸ָĲеǰµˣҲеǺ֮㣬һ֪λ˭ʱ˵ˣ뿴ֳ
ֳ׵ˢǽ۾ɵϴҧܣǸŮˣѾ˯ʮ꣬϶߲ˣ
û˭֪أ1߲û˽ȥҲ
˼벿;ֳϵȽϺãѵֳҪԸ1߲շϢ̽һǸŮǷ񻹻ţ
1ƻµģôͼҲˣȺƽ쵼ߣҪľŮƽȡ
ƽ壬ԭȲƽȣŮquan壬ǰأΪֲȲѸˡ
ΪΨһȨﲻڹҡ壬ֻһһж˵㣬Ҫɱһνʲôס
ƽѾںܾˣؽʼʹڣǰǼǰŮquan壬Ƿչǰȴˡ
ֳǸŮµģ˺ôһ壬˱1߲գӰ쵽磬ˡ
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лӨǺݽɫѰӵģʱӦòѵѰģöӵġ
õĵĸŮκǼ֣Ǳ㣬Ӧ֪Ķ㣬ΨˣɵĶǿʱ䲻ִ߽ʳæ
һ꺮ߵţκڵ꺮һذһľ֣˳һӵ
ҵȥ̣ǼϺ㵽ȥסšһ侲
ǽˮǽڣȽϴֲڣûװ޹ҲǱţһ꺮ĸװ濴ͨȴкöأǼ˻һܴ򿪵ġ
꺮غץһ֣ҲҪԼӦң𣿡
ǲ֪һǻˣһ˵ӣ¡
һ֣صͷҴӦ㡣
˾ʹ˷ֱʵԱˣסǣȵȣô죿
ò˵һڣǸаȫС
꺮˵ǶǳˣҪǱɣԼļҪȣѵûм𣿡
˵꣬˲ٶԣ뿪
ԱһţȴʵҶΪˣʱֻܽüʷܡ
뿪һַʵңʵµĻ豸ȫװռ䣬꺮ֻʵ
꺮ȥʳϾԼ衣
һŤͷȥ־Ԫͮ˷ͬĿ飬ԪͮӾʵң־ڰ칫
һȥԪͮԪͮİΣϵűһʳԴﻹ·󣬺йϵ
ʵڸ¼ũҵĽռطǳ㣬ҪʵҲָСңͬƷ
ʱȺͽͳ棬һٴңЩԪͮĿò綼̤Ԫͮÿ޲˯һǸƷڷۣԺ߳ʵҡ
ʱͽңԱǶɵˣԪͮ嵽ſȥͽһƿԱ߷ļӾһš
һС飬һأͽþǰš
ԪͮƵϣ˲ʹȥסͽĽţ𣡱ȣԺǳԷⶫˣˣ
ͽţ˦Ԫͮϴ
ԪͮɷʱҲæţſҪˣأΰأ˰
Աǿ鳤Ҳ˲ϱģҵʲôʲôʲôӡ衢ʣһͽк
ϧԪͮԱǵ̫ªˣҲȽһ㣬Ⱥײеıͽǰ͸һ
˵ͽﻹе
ûãԱѪУʡ¡
ԪͮΪƴԼͽߴѪ
ڱͽ𵶣Ҫ¸صʱһŰ˸ߵԼٶֱ˴һײǽϣֻ˷죬
һϵĵ½ԪͮǽϢһԪͮƣϺϣؿڸӦҲòȥþҽսپ
һ𵶳ûӦıͽ䣬һһһͷ­
Աֱӿɵˣһ𾪻п־塣
ҵıͽʮˣһϣЩͽ˲Сʱٶȱľ־졣Ͼľ֣һӵһܴˣʱ򶼵öಹľ֡
һĵÿˣ֪ж¡
һߵԪͮߣ˱ԪͮɷȳŽ߹
ҿĶǱͽʶһǵģֻԪͮʶһǰ˵
Сû°ɣ
һûԪͮɷĹģ˵Ԫ鳤˵úأҵþȥҽҡ
Ԫͮɷɵ淢ʲôˣ᲻Σգ
ԪͮĿΪҹͣͷңܶǶ֪ͽҲ֪Ϊʲô
һԪͮߣԪֹͮԷȥһֻֻŵɱص˵û£淢ʲôɱȥУҽҩҽԱܾԪ鳤
һ˳˵ͷĵĲȼŭ˻ˮⳡ
Ԫͮſһϣҧгݵզ죿
һͷЩ˶ٴԱǱ꺮ǸʵҵԱѪԶˣ°ָָϱͽǵңŶϣûš
٣һܵѴɳãû⡣
ԱҲ˲ʹ׷ȥɳ
ԪͮɷȥҽңæԪͮһ߹ȥһ·ɱɱ𣬱ܿľɨΰӺ;ӣڸϵҽҡ
ҽҵĴŽգǷӦȽϿסš
ԪͮɷǰţְԼĹȥ˲űųȥ
Ŵһʱ򣬼ʿ⿴֮ǰŵıͽȫڵϣͷ룬ѪһأվǰһȴֳһմѪĵ
һڿԪͮɷһϵԪͮʱǷǽˡ
ҽȫǲ˺ҽԱҽҹģԴţţûоȻȻҲû·Ŷ˫ģǶֻõܳס
ԪͮȥΣɷҲͬȥˣһתҪ뿪
һʿסһôѪû˰ɣ
һҡҡͷƿܳ߳ȥͽȫҽһ䡰Լͷɿ뿪ҽҡ
ȥ־ֱڵۣ־ԪͮǾʷϵҪĩشף˱ñס
־һİ칫һɿϵ칫ңȴδ־
칫ҵű߿մѪĴӡǳԣ칫ļ߰㣬Ψһһ̨Զûüء
ûҵˣһҪ뿪ȴ˰칫ͷð칫ĵԶȡͷݣҳʮǰ¼
֪־Ӧǵһΰӱ뿪ıϲ㣬Ļżæϰ칫뿪ʲôûüߣӦûд󰭡
־ǰŸ뿪űͽ߿ųһͨңûҵֵǮĶļңѵ԰ߣҲͶЩеãͨ˵Ҳó֣Ū˸һ
ͽδڴ˶ͣܿ뿪һȴͣһҵļϡ
ļļңѸѰҵļ
ļ¼ǻĿеʵݣ꺮ĸֻơʵȵȡ
ݿɼҵĿĽȺܿ죬ϾʱšԴţÿ˶ƴȫ
У꺮٣˵ؼļͻƶ
ļıУȴδἰ꺮ԱҲֻἰ˽ʵԱ鳤Ȼ־
ѿļύ󣬻ҵĿĵһ󹦳־űԱͷβû꺮Ĵڡ
һͻȻΪʲôڲǶԡ꺮ǡ꺮ֶУ־ԪͮһУΪԼĵı꺮˺͹켣Сľʷ
ȴ룬ԭ˿Ĩȥ꺮Ĺ͡
һͻȻԱżᵽ־ƫԱ꺮Ϊǵ޿ǵĹֿĨȥ
һһ칫ҵϹֿͷ¼պ󣬽ļ͵еݼ漴һѻȼ˰칫ҡ
һվڰ칫⣬ŻһСһУû˿ȻյòˣټŰ칫һ硣
ûƺ߸Ժµָǣʲôֵȣܷġ


337 ѹ
һֻٵܺйصͷ뿪칫Һֱȥʳá
꺮ʻȥʳãȻһʳõĺҵĸŮű÷ϣһʰ˶ҵıͽ˲Ÿҷȥ
ʱһѾմѪˣʵﴩİɫʵѾѪȾ죬ɫѪ˸ʵɫ
Ѫζ̫Ũŵ˿һ񶼳־塣
꺮˿ǣһߵߡ
ҶֻСۣһҲ֪һǵģһܽŵıͽԽײУԽ
һ´˼꺮룬ûˡ
û°ɣ˿ŶԷͬʱڡ
һҡͷû£·ûʲôɣ
꺮Ҳҡͷ·Ȼ˼۵ģľˣһ·оյصִʳú
ǷӦģϼͬ¶㵽Ŷϡ
ǵһ͵ðٶҪ֪ǰ򷹴ڶ˸ϡãкöͶͽ̻ʳԵˣԲıͽԸ϶Ź
ΪںæµʳùԱ˵ڰǵѪڵϼ̤
ⳡԱڵĲƲȫشвҲڵľ˼Ĵ
Ҳ˵ûܵõ˰˴˵Щˣƻ˭£
һȷ꺮ĸŮİȫܿҪ뿪ʳ*á
꺮ץֲţŲţҪȥĶ
һûб˵ȥæֹͽҲԼµġ
ǻˣûһôӦҲܿ졣
꺮֪һ˵ûģ˵ͽеľ֣һ˵˺ô죿
꺮˵úСʵ˵˵ҪоƬô죿зĻ˶иԵĴоƬΪһҲСֻѹҲᱻȥŻôһģĴʡ
һҡͷõģֻڰ
꺮Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ˵ȰңҪڱ߲¶棬ҪʶңҪԽӳвǲģҪҪҪȨ
ţһСذԼڰ칫ҿǷļ꺮
꺮ֱӴԭأʼһֱ־¸ɻµϸڣŭͱ˱ѡӵ˵һ仰
鳤ȡԱгɹ¼ĩǰҲټ꺮û뵽ҪĹͲˣӸֶûķݡ
Ҫ֪ŬѪһԱҪࡣΪĩǰֻһѧ֪ܶʶûӴһѧһ߸־УɻϻҪѧϰҪǸʳ㿪ƣ֪Ҫôء
Ѱ˼ԼҲʲôʮĻ˰ɣһ㹫ƽ
꺮ѹͷŭһС˵ģһѻЩչˡ
꺮ѹȻֹ۾ɵõԲ㡭
һãȻı͸¶ż޹ļҶˣҪҾ͸㡣
ɵƯ꺮ؿڵ֮ͨˡ
һ˳˵ȥұȥǵͷӳ־ѹŵʱԶᱻסֻĨɱĹͣδĨɱǵĴڡ
꺮ԥ룬ɿ֣ľֻһһҡͷܾˣʹԼľ֣ױɣȥ
һͬ꺮뿪ʳã·ϼʲôʲôʱǹӣ˼Դˣʱǵû˾;ˡ
ֱһһȥΰӶԱĲľ֣ɱ¾ʱڵ
һ׼ͬһˣ׼Ѹ١Ӧ죬׼ͷߣԤ׼ȷ˶ıͽҲܾȷ׼
ڱͽʼ˵ʱͷԱͽֱӽɱҪǱխͨȥ̹ˣȻսֻҡ
һȥԱսѭǰսҵ򣬱ͽΰӡӵԣƻ豸һһȺĿ¶׹ıͽ
һÿһӵ˷ѣľľֱͷöԱһ׷׿ȴΰӶԱսеĶǱͽרץͻɱͽ
һ죬ΰӡֶνѹ󲿷ֱͽץΰЩˣŪǵĿġͷĿȵȡ
ƽΰӿʼÿһţ֯ȥҽҽơ
˴αԴ˵֣֮Ա֯ȥҽȫѵģڱ˻˵ȥҽҵǼǼɡ
ٷһսҪ˻ȥҲһߡ
һֻѯʣʣҲһţֻҪش֧Ķӳʻɡ
򵥵Ϣܺò飬һѰӵĶӳΣʱվάΰҲûʲô⡣
ΨһֵѯʵǣһǷǵһʹľеΪʲôľеһһ׼
һ˵Լľ֣Ѱӵʱľ֣Ҳμӹѵ
ӳûȥ۲ԱǵѵҲû뵽һľַôãľַãľֵжܶӵˡ
ΰӺ;ӵĳٶ¶͵ؿһӵǲ̫Ϥ֪ӵĶӳˣıǻֻежپǲģֻģѰӲһٸԭְǿһԼˣ
ӳɫѿ֮ǰи־ǿĶԱڿвˣΰӺ;Ҳˣǵ
˻֮ʣͨ˵˾Ҫһ
֧˾ǣƣ˾߳ٶǣδչƺ󣬲ŻὫų׷ֿ
ۿһߣӳȴֹסġ
һ£ԽȥԼ˾ԻʵҲ㷸˼ɻ䣬ǣһ֮ǰְͣһ£һ᲻״
ӳĵĲ޵ΪһǱ˵ʱҲȷʵһ״޷ǽŰĺʹѹֱԲ˵ӳʺϼѰӵĴӳһְ
ǸͦŴӵˣʮͳ÷ͷһ˫۾˵ʮ㡣
ֻϧһƫУûš
˵ѫʺϼѰӴӳ˭ʺϣɫÿҵ»ڵ飬ֻ˵иѰӵڴ˴ѹбΪͻ˲ˣɱͽ޵УôڱżʲŽ
һһ㲻ǫѷңѰӼҪʣҴӣҵ˴ӳѰҵԴԴϵʣֹú̿ʯͣиϡп󡣡
ƾʲôԴһ˿мʡ
ƾȫĵͼйӲרҵвȲ
仰Ƕûϣһ仰ȴɴۣ˵ʲôȫͼѧģе˼Ժãǵȫͼ֡
ź࣬ǲʲôϡ棬ﻹȫͼء
һҼǵÿһеÿһֵÿһ·ڣֻҪǵͼ϶ηŴܿĵص㣬Ҷǵá
üСͲ˵ǲС
һҲͣץǰֽʾͿʼĵͼ
һԱߵı̳龪һ
һCеĵͼˣǲڶһĻһΡ
֮ڰ칫ʲôû֪һ뿪ǰ칫֮󣬵ڶѰӵĴӳͱְͣˡ
µĴӳûţǳŵһؽ޸CкMУǺJе·ѰӵĴӳλþ͹һ
ѫĵȻֻǵڵŭܵ˳еǵһģսѵĶҲУΣѫ޹ʽһְͣĴᣬڰְȨȵΪҲӲ
ѫ˫˫Ѻ飬ͬıͽʮһѶһȵ͵ٶ̤ǰMеó̡
ֻһΣʧصѰƺղˡ


338 
ѰΪĵʹߣʧʮˣʣµļȫ鲻һ֧飬һؽӣ˲ܳ
ҲĿǰҪǽ˴εıҵ壬ľֱеľֱС
ΰܹץˣһٶѾڻбУʣ±İʮˣصĶʮ˻̣ʮڽᣬǱԵǿסֻǽҲùǽֹÿһٷûκιʡ
ݱİʮ˽ΰӵ֪εıżȻ˿Ϊ֮ıְͣ飬ͷûзĴʱĵƷٷ֪ͨ
˱Ǳ˵շ̣Ｋ˵ĸºͲϵ̫ĳͷΪֹƻȻͿԴŭ񷣡
շΪҪ㹻ϵڣŻӭ
ʵĩļѾڵĿƼܽ͵ģһЩߡҲĩǰи޷ƵĽɣ˵ĩˡ
ٷһʼûշ̷ϣΪշµ͵к͹ٷͻ
˴շͻȻӲձʵҲǵʥ
ʥ˭һ֪˻һġˡ
Դ޷Ѱ־һɱֽͬŵ󣬻ùӲд
ĳ֧ΰӵСӳҲֻΪ޷ѴթĺôָԼԼҲûҪıɡ
СӳѣżŻʮסһ䣬˯̵ʸûУֻڸ̣˯˭òһš
ֱĹڿʮֱҪɱķЩԼ˲ڽ£Ǳ˲ڽ¡
ǿķ뿪ֱתսһֱ䡣
һֱĹڣÿ첻ܾܣһֱbugĴڣҲû˰æԹ
ûйϵҲûرͻŵܣֻÿ棬мշ̡
շ̻ÿһٷٷһ٣ٶ
ǣĿ꣬շ̵Ľһʮͷˡ
˻زɣ˷ĵĿ־Ͷģȥֺˣ˶ԷɵĳӶԷ󣬳Ϊշ̵ʥӡ
ڷˣһ¾Ǳһ
ɴʱһ㱻ӳְͣҲѰӵˣշ̲Ǻ͹ٷֱӲա
Ϊ˹˽𣬲òշ̺ͱٷìܣߥĸɵȥͱȨ
Լǰʱ䱥ܼ裬֪ײ࣬ΪЩҪֻЩ˵ķŭȥˮ
շ֯߻ⳡȻûץǻ˿ѰӵĲֿ⿪һ
϶װʣСӾȻܡ
˶һ˵Ǻ£Ϊܣץס̣̫ˡֻˣܵץĵطһץסԼİ취Է
Ŵ˱ǰδеĳţⳡʧȥǮơݱƻܵڴ˴ʧȥˡ
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һӣԱȫѡӵﵽ˳ǰʮˡ
ʮ˵ѰӲǺܺùһĶϵûõģԵǴӦ÷ӵġ
ʮȫŮˣû˵лѰӵĶͷ˾ѫѾˣĴûǱߵ̬ǿһܴʲôϢһ㹻ҡ棬ôֱѫأѫǰҲûɹܻ¸£ѫĹϵ۸ñҲû¡
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ֵһǣһŮ˽Ѱӣ˺ôŮԶԱͻƫǴѹҾͻ¸ȥԡ
ĿǰΪֹ飬Ҳȱ˲ˣڱ˶еĶԱ
һʮ֧ѰӣֻʣһûŮԱӶٶС
һΪʲôûУԭҲܼ򵥣ӵĶӳŮԱ
һ뿪ǰһӵĶӳ棬λӳ۾۾ӲǱӣȻ
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ɻȽͨ乤ߵѰ޸ѰȥһҪʺ޸·ߡ
JǱߵŭûϨCҪ޸ϵ͵ýģһģ˾ͽˣǻJ쵼һ仰£ƽϢЩ߼ķŭҲǺõġ
һһԶУһ߾¡
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һ˲ע֪͸蹻һϵڣڱ¼ҵ֪ϣܽǮԼת
ڱб˴һȣҲеģΪ˻סãȻҽȽŵķˣ޷ҵʵĹǮҲԲˡ
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ƨߵߵǮһȳһˣÿ컹Ҫ֪ϴ´ӡ
ҵļԼԷҲȥʳóԣÿڸԶٷʢģɳղϰˣպõúܡ
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һԸ޸УҲŰ֪һΣһ֪ȴûдƣ֪Ҳʵˣ˾󣬻õˡ
ڸǰ֪ߣʱĻ˵ǣ֪ˡ
Ҳˣֱ֪ĹԽԽȥԼİ֪ǰСܣҲȫתһֱ䡣
һֱˣܸͣ
һ֪ĹڣǰĽ䣬޲Լ֪ﴩСֺ䡣
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һ֪ĹԸʶ䣬ԼͰЩ䡣һĹڣ˼ûŮ˵ˡ
ֹһǵһμֱ֪䣬żܿһ˵ķԣǺ١
û뵽ֱˣʵ٣ֻǺƽʱǺܸҷԡ
һܵõ硢ߵĹؼϢǴ˿е֪
磬ʷϲû꺮˵Ĵڣȴ꺮ļ¼
꺮ռŮԴеļ壬һʼȫĸգз׸
ռʷΪٹףгٿѧˣӾʱʱռ˲űһû뵽ǡ
1߲ŵλҲգռŮ
һʱһǸŮҲգķҲգɺϣ˹Ϊ֮
˵޸ʹõϵͳԾǨ1߲յŮ˴죬˵ռĻۡ
޸־ֱֳӶϵ1߲յӪӦ͵Դһ±ȴ޸ֵԻٳ򣬶Ҳռҷѡ
һֱֵĵˣʼ꺮£ֱﻳ־ĳɹǷԼģ˵͵꺮ģϾһӽǿùǿļݵġ
꺮һĶԻҲδιڣ˵001ģʷģɣʼǵʷ
޸־ֳʱ̹עһֱĶ»㱨ʱ򣬾ֳͷ
Щ¿ɲǣ־ĺɲǣʷС絽ôܹرգ
ֳˣ˼绰ھ˼Сʱû취ر001磬׶ϵ1߲յĵԴӪӦһ޸Ҳסˡ
ԼҪ޸ָҪ


339 
ֳ˾ͣ޸֣Ҷϵ1߲յԴӦ
һ롢ԼԱҪһʱ䣬ֻܲϴߴͷȡһ㡣
޸ֵʱٱСֳ֪ܶ࣬Լൢһ룬Сı仯ᷭ츲أһ̶鲻
ͬʱһִµʱ䣬ǲؽ޸CСMСJصĹ·Լֱͨͣƺ÷ɻ䡣
䷽ʽ㹻صķչؽˣһһ˻صصͨѶȶ޸ˣҴϢôªĴҶˡ
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ηĴ̱ͨ仹Ҫӵϵ̣ÿ̵Ĵ߲ף϶ֱ֮ĹҲףͨ
η䲻סģܼķ䳲ռխ޷
ķ˱ȴǰûͷѫһξ͸оԼ챻ǵһƤ֪ԼûгȥĻᡣ
һ޸˵·ͨѶߣĵĺϢѰһֵλãڵĸм
ΪѰӴԴյ¶µȣ¶Ѿʮңֻ¶ȵһ룬ôܲ˿ġ
ǰûзȣ⿿յʮȵͷ磬Ҳߡ
Ȳˣһ᲻ûǮһ̨Լȷ硣
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ĩеʧȥˣЩһȫ˾ʣӵģҲЩδʮҲμӼѵ
˸˵ǣ˼ѵȿγ̣ĩĵһѧУ
ѧУԪͮ꺮ǣͷ죬ָĩǰĽǽ̲ġγ̵ֺʹǰͬϾĩѧ֪ʶܲص㡣
ѧУСѧСѧǹCе֣߱λѧãǴҪͶʽʦƤѧУ豸ʩҪǮ
Ԫͮһʼ־ԴѧУȤǾ¼ǰԱǵޣҲûʵĽӰˣ뻹ǾץҪ
־ҲͬԪͮĿԪͮ־ҪϻﴴѧУ֮ǰ꺮һҵԪͮ
꺮Ԫͮ־ǸµСˣȡĿгɹͼҵͷ
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һڣԪͮûл꺮ĻϾһξƹѰӵĴӳƭˡ
Ԫͮ˺־ϻΪҲ֪Ϊʲôڹ꺮ҵȻҪ̬վӡ
Ԫͮѡ꺮Ϊ־ԱĹͣҲǸ°ܻαյСˣΪ顣
ѧУҪǮ豸һҲȱǮѧУҪʲôԡ鼮ȥѻԪͮ꺮ʦԼʦѵ꺮⻹øƸְ
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Ŀǰ֪DܹʮֲȫأǼʡϽģؽٶȻҪC졣
˿ĵǣһºҲָˣڵҴֻ磬һЩýӦҲ
˲ܵֻѰԱܽװĳ⣬һת˵
мڵ´֮ͨ൱Ҫڵص½ͨĵ޽ȸ򵥲Ķȥ
ʱлӨõרҵԲǺܹüѧϰ졣
һѧУؽ֮أԪͮ꺮һ˴ѧУǱѧԴ
ر΢еǮͺ飬Jк⼸Ҵߣ֪CؽѧУ׷״ϢܲԼҺ顣
ԴҴ߻ȥϣȴϣ
ΪˣҲ׷ؽѧУ˵֪ԪͮCУԪͮͷС󿹺͸£߲ͬʱµĸϵͳؼˮʧÿһˮ͸
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Ըر취Լֲֳʳ
ֳĳɱֲߣƷ󡢼ݵĳɱҲߣԪͮСCеƣ͸¶Ҹ߲죬ܶʱջ񣬽˲ٱʳȱ⡣
ԪͮڸܱԶʼʰһǸѺ͵ԪͮڵC*CеѧУԪͮһ𴴰ģԼƽʱҲᵣδѧʦԼҺӸѧϰ׼û
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أһջǺĿѪܵ
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ǺȰڣ˵ҪתսĿȶʮȣȹȣҲȫѰҲһЩСͻˣÿٿҵиȽսĿŽڴͷģ㿴ҪҪȥʡ
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꺮ֹסЦ˭˭Ҫǿļԭ־Ĺ
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ʱ򲻹ǲ־Ŀǿıɶûãһյļһݣȶ־ĸҲɱʹδܳɹ֤Ҳһˡ
꺮Ҳû־ϾԷרҵĴУҵ˵ҵһ޳ɣȹƷ¸ġ
꺮ȥ־СĹרĴѧУԼҲѧУ֮Ͷѧѧϰ
ĸҲ޷ԼɣҪСԭ
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һֱࡰĽν־ֱʹ001ĨӢۣҪȥԺ001޸֡
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ķ׷ʱӰ첻Сķչһ꺮Ϊ꺮ػشѧУ԰һദʱ䡣
֪ҲػУ԰᲻ӶӳְλǶĽְλȥˣûˡѧУչѧҪ桢󣬿ҹУγ̣ʵûжྫڰ쾭ȵĹϻѧϰ
ѧϰϣˣǰ꺮Ķ˳ۣڿ꺮Ӱѧϣˡ
֣ǰôͻ꺮˿أ
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д֪ﲻɵ̾Ҳڻָ߼ܿдҪһֱûлָ䣬Ѿ鵱ǰǲ֪ٻء
ͬѧϰ͹ѴĻлӨãԼĽ취лҲмˣѧѧҵӶӳְλлӨѧ
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һһܼѧϰһҲ׬Ǯѧϰ
ҲŮȥˣѧǰŮȥݵǼǴգΪĸŮܾãŮԼո׽ЩԼѪ˴С
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˵ģ־ѧɱԱˣΪڵѧĩﰾģһһӲ˾ֵ֣쵼ȥҲһ㲻
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ˮԴ漱JбΪǵشDȱˮ²ˣһʼʱˮ⣬ڻ˴ˮԴǸ³̫ãеıֻм˿ڣеȴʮôÿҪöˮֱ롣
ΪˣȡӦԴʩ
еıзһЩˮװãװڻ⣬ðպҹ¶Ȳռ¶ˮռЧʵͣռˮá
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ɼˣCиҲɺˣǱ˺ȸɵģǱˡ
ںӴԽԽ͹ԵʱƵظǱ棬Ҫˮ⡣
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ˮԴǹŽⶼһ⣬һûд˵Լһܽһ뾡취
һҪǷȨҪѱľ롣һְѳ˾λãһ쵼˵λá
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ȱˮŲ˶ã˰ܰʮ£ȱˮǿǼ͵
һҴߣٲĹ˳ΪˮԴȱһͷ


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һҲҪģҪȷȨ˲ܴӳȥˮԴ
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̫ܷ粻һЩõͷ磬󲿷ֱѡ˴ͳĻ磬ú̿ʯ͡Ȼ
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ͨѶָһKеú̿MеʯͺˮԴʯͺú̿ȥˮ
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Ŀ־Ŀϣ־ֻоûĻڣҪз˻¹ĻҪߺܶ·
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־һʼ˵꺮˸Ŀ飬Ϊ꺮·Ϊǵҵ꺮˵ĿûУ˱Ÿ꺮涼
˵ĿȫǸ־ɫ࣬Žǰɿǵзֺ
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꺮ֱڿһ˿ʱѹһϤعͷ룬Ϊһϣ
һ꺮֪ԼӺζֻΪˡѰ·ǶΪһҪΪѰҳ·
ΪʲôһͲĳ·أ
һԴҲϣһͨ˴˹ᣬϢռ䣬ϣһҲΪ꺮ϣˣܳɾҵϣ
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˵˿⽫మ˵˲ϣǷ룬Ϊһ룬޷ﵽĿġ
˵Ŀʲôڴ֮ǰһԺģѰ·ɵ꺮˵ΪʲôԼͲĳ·ءʱһףԼĴڣΪ˰˭ѣΪԼѡ
ķÿ˿ⰲţķİ¾ѣҲķ¾ѡ
ˣѵġķ硱ʷ꺮ĺ1߲˯ǸŮˡ
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⣬꺮ҲҪƸԱ־ƤҪˣӦƸԱ꺮ɲѺúõġţϣ۵Ͷðײá
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ĩǰ־ӵӺжҲCбͶжҪ̸ۼ޵ĵزĩĩ˳Ա˷ͻ׷ġ
жԼCбѧν̣϶ޣͶϵԼ񣬸ϵ϶ס1ĵ䣬˭룬жŮһҲˣ־˲ѹֻһν̵Ĺﹻ
ƫƫǸӵģϳԼCбòǰ꺮ֵµԱ͵ɣֻҪǮӶС
־Ȼ1е䣬Ҫ֪Դһʽ̤Ϳʼиָĸж1ڲ޺Թ޵ġȨסլûֱӰ1ġȨǶոߵķ⡢ѡˮѣߵû˾Ĺάơ
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˳е˸ߵɱأѡһǰ1ȥס˵ĸ䣬ʹҹͬеɱ
ѣֵˮ磬һ1㲻ǰһȨ׼רˣԸ⻨Ѹ߶ˮܵסլ
ٸ߲ʣ˸ˮҲֻܰԸ⣬Ҳ֧߶ɱȥһƷǹƷ
һлӨҪְı߲㶼ס1ڶԱĲ࣬ΪǾã˾ѰһӵĶӳסŶ˸䣬ˮ绹ƽˡ
1ԭסе߶ķˮ磬Ѻܶѡװ䣬ԼĵӼӴⴲλͨҲס1
־Ҳ⣬޶Ͷ˷ݷ룬꺮Ƹˡ
鳤Ա꺮ȴһ㲻ǫ飬־Ĺǫá
꺮˴ƸԱܶ඼ˣ־˶ѧУҵ
꺮û뵽ǣԪͮŮԪ콾ûѡͰְڵѧרҵȻΪ꺮ѡ˼רҵʵ˳Ծ
ԪͮҲգŮԼ޿κΣŮѡҲŮһƼŮ꺮Ŀ顣
꺮ƷԪͮŵù˵ǰ꺮ͲоҵˣֻΪһյһУԪͮţŮ꺮϶дǰ;
־û뵽˶ѧʦƽϹҲסÿҲû˰׵˼ֻ޲ʵ˭ô


341 
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סڵ±һֱԣŲסεĺԻǰӿţܻˮߴʮף֮ǰߡ
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ҸЩֻϣΪĸ߲쵼ñǰӦԴʩڱúܺãϣˡңҿ㣬Ҫܸ߱ˣҲ뱻ץо
һĬ֪æ˵ӦҰɣǶпռ䣬ҲУҲڻˣǲҲģһ֪ҲģǶߣӦûﻥ𣿡
һĿһ˺֪Ļԣֱ۵׵顣
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344 
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ԵɻѣֻǶݵɣ˵ԵɻԶء
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ղҲŪѾӽ̱޸ϵͳղòˣɴüԱ취001磬һЩϢ


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346 
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עĲֻǽԼǽҪ군


347 ʷ
һµα˾ԸоԼģ֪һ͵ڷŻɽûѡ
һݣһɽݶ˭˵㣬һҪⳡС
û뵽ǣһְ󣬲δǴ֧꺮ԪͮȵĿĿڵڶһˮ»ˣܹǱ뼸ˮǽ̽⹤ܽ䡢սֻڼȺͼҲʹá
־Ķ꺮ˣһΣܸ˾꺮Լ꺮ĳһĬĬűȥ͵С䣬ǽʷľ๦
ԪͮǱҲûţźԻˮ͸зˮ豸ĿµĹϵͳڶͶ飬ɹʳ߲ˣñʳò׷ḻ˼ࡣ
ʱһڱĵλһߣΪֵ֧ļĿǹغĿЩְϽǾܿʵʵԼϢϢص棬֧ԽԽࡣ
ǼˣӲģΪʵ䷴ʹΪ˹ԼĵλòѧѧϰһְչʾԼΪĹס
ϧЧ΢һ˽ģ
ݻвٿٵĳɷڣһĿеˡ
ʱѾĩĩӭ£ȴＸףҪͻƱȥѰϼѡ
ڣ꺮зˮҵˣʱڱϷıƿһֱ׵ıѰӼʻˮ½ܳȥѰʡ
ĩУ¶Ȼůȥཫӭڶμȡ
ϴμȳʱ䣬εļȿҲһ
ڣǰ֪˼ȻٴεмƻÿоܵشԴ顢ˮʳԴȡ
Уʳϳ⣬вǰʳеıûзֲֻǰɹֲزϣֻCб
ڸûĩǰĻңֻﻻûƽ
һϣȻͬһͬһĻĹͬ㣬ʵγ̶ȸߣҲͬ·Ҳͬ⵼ºܶ˶ѾظоѾٹǲͬ
еıýǺ£ﻥҲеıΪԴ֡
ˣһֵµװô֧֧ѰӹѰΰӹڲȶ**Լȫ
֮ҪΪΣղԴ֣ҲԴ˻
ĩԶҪ¡MоܹһЩҴŻϮ٣ҴŻϮMĩνǧٿס
MлֻĩһӰĿǰCбؽŸ̶ܹͬȵϮCռ˵ƣڶͬм䣬һδš
ڶJкʯͺCбʯú̿͸߲ʳԴ⣬CбʣCбġԵͦģΪάֺϵҲͿġ
ΪˣCбҲ󷽵֪ͨ˾ѭϢһĲ²ʽ֪ǽڱԤĽ
ΪCбһʵһ£˲ϤһĻûпŶȡ
Cб󲿷Ԥ;棬мûš
ֵһѭʱǼΪȹǾͻָƽǱʼؽУҴߴǨ͵ڱͻȻʱһϵҴѡ
Ϊǻ֮£հ˵һαʱľ飬ΪˮǸ¥ǳ˸߲סͽסᵽ߲ˣеͲһ⡣
εĻˮߴＸʮף߲㽨Ҳùⳡµı껹̨ͺХغ֮һȻΪֲ̨ͺХˡ
ڱǰһغûCиԤ⣬ؽ԰͵Եڶεıʱȡ˰¥Ĵʩ
Щ¥ھĩּĴݲк󣬽أ̨纣Хʱ֧̮ˡ
ĽǱأ治ʮ֮һҴߣðű꣬ʻֻı
غֻܲ˸ļӵӣ
ڶֵĵڱC󲿵ζһ֣ĩͨѶѵ£ԲʱCеϢϣCдùϵһʱ֪ͨǡ
ĩĩɡ
ĩ¶Ȼůһּȼ
Cб˳Ϯ֮ǰִָ֮ͨѶóףԼҪĺM֮½䣬ԼıڻԴ
Ҳʱ꺮ĿķƳ˸ȫܵİ汾Ȼûдﵽһˮƽܴڼ˻¹Դҵÿٿغͼලҵ
ѭƺѾоԲߣһжڳźõķǰͺҹӭǿܻҵ·һ
ĩ°꣬ڶѾ׼
ĩĩɣžҪڰ꣬ǶΪӾͻѭȥһȴҵ֪
һ֪ѽ˸鱨Ȼ֪ﵥй¶鱨ĩչϣ֪ʵǸ鱨ˡ
Ϊ֪Ϲĩľ飬꣬Ϊԭĩ֪꣬ﱾڶԭ䣬ܴжԭõˣ֪꣬뿪磬ѹҲ֪Ժ
һؿûдѧУʷд˰ɣ
ѲԼǵʷѧ
֪εЦЦѧϰǺܺãʷûô
һĬˣΪΪڿԼֱ֪Ĺ˵
֪ﲻ֪Щʷ֪İɣ
һԾǣҲ֪
ΪھǵʷأǳģȻҲռǰĨ˸ƽˡ
ֻ֪ĩڶʮʱѾ˳ڵĩǵĿĲΪ˼򵥵ػȥΪ뿪ǣѰǡ
ʮ̽озܹģԶĺˣ࿪ʼǼƻ
Ȼʮҵڵǣʹ˶ӡ
ֻڵǿ̶Ȳٷ֮һԴղŮҵԴʯǵԴʽʼ
ΪھϷ˺ܶ˼£˿ڱʷ޴ӿݣĻоʹ˶ѣټ̫ʮ꣬ϰߵȵȷ˾޴ת䣬ھǵʷʮϡ١
ѧϰʷʱٶʷǳ̣漰ǣʷͱģϲ㡣
001αʷ¼Ƭۣܶ˲ҲΪʷģ001ֱ֣Żǵĺ档
һûܴӹڿеֻ֪ܴЩϢƴһ롣
ΪʲôҪ뿪ǣֻѭôԴҲḻ˽˳˿ڣʣµȫЩԴûбҪ뿪ǡ
ǣѾȫס뿪
һΪһһֵֻԻ࣬ĩ󣬻иֲĶڡ
ڵڰĵڶּȽʱһĲĲ²Ӧˡ


348 
ڶּȽʱ½ͣϴεİţʼʱ䣬ѱĽ·޸ץһѼ
ڷ˵ĳּ֣أ޷ʱܳȥѰԱֻҪսͺͶŵȷеλãսʵʱػ˽ҵ
ԼĩأѰʣؽ԰
ؽ԰ĽŲδֹͣǿһ죬ǻصǰģֲϣҲѰҵһƽ㡣
Ҳᡣ
ĩѧֻ鲻ɻģ˽󲿷ְĺӶż²ãĩκһͶΪ˻ȥ߾ȫ
CбѧУǼĵģʮµĺӷȫѣÿ컹һ緹еļͥѵĺӣʹؼң˷ųԡ
ѧУǵⷽ棬Ҳڵѧ֮ͥѧͲ͡ȻѧУδѧѧȣΪЩѧ˵Ѿ㹻ˣҵѵļͥʸ룬ѲָͥͣǼͥͶ٣ֻ˻˫ײмģ롣
⣬CѾǼĵˣCеҴȱصҴҲԸΪCб˼˵㣬߲٣һԪͮ飬еĻͬеĻᲵء
ͬǾֱͨصһͶְ⵼ǾվڵĶ档
̲һĲУġ
˹ͬڱǵצҲ٣ʱȥɱһ
ɳȥˣһӰӶûˣƾʧһ㡣
֪ȥɱ֣ľ֣õöŪһŪһɱɱ֣ʬ嶪ռʬ𼣣һۼ
漰ļͷͳͳʧЧʧЧ𻵵𻵣ָơӡûв
˵ĹϵѾһĵزںܾ֮ǰǸûһ
ϣǱλϲ쵼˲ɽ
ǱѰһ죬ѰӶԱճִΰάΰǸϹϹũооֵֵأСȫȥѧҲиҪ
ĩڰ꣬ѾϰΪǼ˵ĸ»Ǻ䣬ǿֻҪڣǾܼ֡
ڱĸƼз޷ֵȻֻҪŽһ£¸ı䲻֣ܸı滷ҲǺõġ
վ£ʱ죬꺮Լ٣˳ԱǷŸ٣ա
Ա뿪칫ң˳ֹţ꺮ӳóǰһ¸׼˵ʵǰ׼
ǰͺϻţһԼգ˵ĻҪǷ
꺮Ҳû۹ֻԼۣԼͻеںӡܵԹ꺮ͻ㵹ֲı䣬͵꺮Ͱ
꺮ȻΪʲô֪ܺԴԺҲˣῡ֪һĿӶ
ڽ»ӣʹԴԹ˺ܶ࣬꺮ҲĶĹġ
ʱ䣬꺮ֻǴӶʮ굽ʮ꣬ᣬȴѾʮ룬ٵˣĩ״Ҳã꺮ȴǰ˷ģĸŮѸģţԼһҲǺõġ
013ľҶԴлӨãΪĩʧȥ˫ף˺ƣҲϲ
֪Ҳ˾ƫϾֲ֪ûôҲ°࣬͸ĴҳԶٺõġ
ô꣬013ĴһֻûѪԵȴĩｨ˲ѪԵܹϵ
һ䵭ҲӦ°ࡣһһ챻Ϊÿ촦ǵʮ࣬ʱļͷۣһôһһʮСʱ۵ġ
һڴJзһʼJҲǺCнõļ֮һΪCеѣڵڶѭʱû̫ʧΪ߹ϵʮֲ
CбΪԪͮ꺮ڣķϣJеĲͬƫԤȣʼJн췢ģһJ󲿵⵽һϵеؿ쳣˶ݡ
ĩ˵ĸµ£±仯޴ʱ²һٶȣʪȱ仯Ҳܴ󣬼ʱ򺵵ĺʱԵؿ˶Ҳ쳣
JбѼ鱨ͼ⵽ʱ⼸ɽ˱ըʽ緢˺öҵıһԱ޴
ҵڶֵı귢ʱźХҲ˵ĵؿ˶Ҳ쳣
J󲿵רҴԤ⣬ʱܻᷢ
һоꡢȣ඼дϢ֮ǵ˺û
JбͬĿ־壬ŸCȷԤʼֺ͹ϵûд̵ıȥ֪ͨ
һʼҲ˲Ϻǵìܣ֮ǾԿܷĵӦ֮ߡ
ɾһʱƺһֲѰƶﱯԨ﷢ĵ
ţһ͸оڻζذڻζڻζ칫ҡCжڻζ
һ̷ӦѰڵʱܶܲȣΪ²ŵĵذ嶼ڻζһһˣѸܵſڣš
ΪѹΣסˣһ˲࣬ӿռóһͷ˸ϡá
߿ţһþȫ󺰣ˣܣ
˵¥㲻ߣҽڵ£ȸ¥סլúܶ࣬ζô󣬿֪εж
ʵеԤװõģԤⶫܹǰȻ󷢳ȥԤѷʱ⵽Ȼ󷢳Ԥ
ԤЧ̶ȣѷԤڵصľйء
ǾģԤҲ粻ѷֻһڡá
𾯱һƱƽ˿Ѫ졣
ܳ칫ңһ˶ھ֮ܡ
Cǰûз𣬵DǻʶظӦܡ
óٶȣΪھңܵöᡣ
ΪޣһֱܼסʲôĶ֮Ӧͨ˶ܵʱԾɷӵ¡
Ҫǣʱӵ£ײϵĻζвˤ
˼˿ڹˤԵ˱ҲƲסθˤһһƬǰ˵ˣȴ֪飬ǰΪþȫǰ
͵£ǰˤ˽ԽԽѹ棬м˱ǰлҪ
һ״Ｗͳľ֣в滹뿪˲׼ǰ˻һ·ߡ
ֶʱһκ˺Ļᣬ˭͵ðľӶ
û˸Ҳһģ˾һɱ˼ʮͽ˭ỳ۶ٶȡ
Ӧͨ˼ûʱѾסһ˾ȳһֻܷǣתһӦͨȥ꺮
һ˼ͨϵط˵ֵ֮ܵڵвϱεļѹ
һһͨǰͷһˡ
Ĺ·һ˭ϤѹҪ䣬ǵ꺮һʵİ칫Ҵţһ·꺮λÿ񱼡
ʱҶڿ񱼣ûܹ˵һֱֻĹڱһıٶȾĿɿڴ
ٶȿȻ˰ɣܳģ
Ͳ˰1վֳƷȻվֳΪʲôŽС
ԼԴԼĴߣһ⼸ӹǿж϶˽˴š
Сļ꣬Ҳͼʮ죬޸ֶǰֳܻ¸˽ףïλï漰׮лߡְռټ̷
߲յзȿ罻Դȣֿͷﷸ
ﷸؽ߲գһ̷ﷸһЩȵСѶȹʮϰꡣ*ﷸͬ001ѭĥꡣ
Ȼᱻд̷ֿĻطï֣Ϊû漰ɱˡqjȴ󰸣Ǳ̷ͨڼͶ졣
ïһ𳾰䶨ĻжĴΪ޸ֵ߲ﻹżǧߣܷǣô޸ֿԿ½ϣʮǰܺߣռٶȴȨգֻҪʵʵЩߣܳΪ޸־ֳ¹޸֡
ûŹЩߣôɱ˰ߣҲд̷
벻룬ҶΪѡǰߣΪԼƽܵ޸־ֳһ˫ĺ£˭ܾ
Դ޸ֵ󣬹ǾѾǰվֳˡ
ʵͷǲֳģΪΪ¸޸˿µġէɼǸòٿصģģôͲ
ղܶ¼Щһ꺮ĶԻ
˾֪ķΪ˵˺ܶ࣬п϶ⲻἰһֱ֪ܿ۵¡
һδܿӽǵԼ޸֣Ϊ֪ˣָֻ꺮Ծֻ꺮ǵһһڹһЩ˽ᱻڵκжᱻԣһɴ󷽷ظ翴
ԣղ֪һܿ۵ģ޸޷ֱӸһϢôֻͨڵۣСһһϢǾԸ½Ϊֳ֪ܹؾͻԸųǡ
ȻųϢ˶ӣ޸ֲܹܵסô죬˲й¶һЩ޸ֱ뷢ϡ
һˣҲ֪꺮Ϊ˿̵꺮Լ꺮Σûлָ䣬Ҳ޷ѹ
һѾϾ˼ƴʵܣֻΪҵ꺮
ڼ¥Ѿ̮·˷ȡʱ꺮Ҳ˰칫
ڸеתʱ򣬵һӦҲܣˣִϵŴʱſ
꺮ûһ̬һʱ޷ţֻܶذ칫£ϣΪṩһ֧źͱӻ
·𣬲ɵſµ꺮еͷץŰ칫ȣѰ칫ĲˮʳԼ׼͸ڻĲסҪҡˡ
ĩܻ֪ģǼǼȣǶӦ֮ߣҲǻʱ䡣
Ψͻĵ˷ʤ
ǿ֮󣬸ѾѵĴ·綼Ҫѿˡ
־ҲǿҰԵ꺮ſڵ϶ƲסҡΣҧŽеʣȴ֪ʱ
һһΣ֪Լô־
ǰѵʱҲõòУˡڴ˿̣ͷޱǿҡ
û͸ûкϲ˻ĩս죬ûгΪǰ붼ĿдУкööûɣᣬҪ
꺮ĨᣬУⶼ˻ûͣҵӳȥ
˲ϱģץӣ׼ײ
ʱֻá顱һ죬칫ҵֱӱһ߿߿ˣվһ䵽£ˡ
û°ɣһû˵꣬ͱһȵ屧ס
꺮һ·ҪԷǶԼһ㣬ĴϢͬڰ칫ʱ຦ԼҲһˡ
˵һ꺮ĺ󱳣ûжİοǣ꺮ܣ˳ְ꺮ŵĶŽռ䣬˲ܡ
ļʮ룬̮ѾǼӹ̡ģؿѹһĩǰҪǿࡣ
ڵǰЩ̵ǽڡذѷ졢̮һСľͻѷ򱻵ʯѹס
һһ߶㣬һ붼ͣ
꺮ܵ˫ȼʧȥ֪ĺ٣ڱѾϡŵѪζʲôҲʣֻʣһ֡ܣ
һ꺮βվˤһһѰק˻ж·Ѿ̮һ꺮ǽȥ
һĿ񱼹ڿ˴ųڵĹ
ŹܳȥǱڵб̮ĽѹסΣգӦðȫˡ
ȴû뵽ӱһ˼


349 Ԯ
˺ѵ˿ڣ¶ѳªѷ죬Ŀ̮֮Ľѿء
е˴ʱڱ⹤Ҳһ
һֿʼĵ𣬵²ѷ쿪ϣڴѿʱѷ죬ȴһϣԼͷպϣصֱѷ±պϵؼѹ
ŵҲˣǿѷϣֻڵص·ʹޡ
ϽһŵҪôŵòҶ˭Ҳܱ֤һطŲһط᲻ѿȥ
ѷеҴߣֻѵĿȣſڵϣ߾ȫοµˡ
һ꺮δͬʱ˶ĿͰ˵˼һ㲻֡
໥Ŵ̮һĴų޴ȥǰĴѿ΢ƽϢ˼ʮ룬˭Ҳ֪һεʲôʱزҡΣ¸̤ʵС
˭Ҳ֪һ뻹վĵطһ᲻ſѪڰǳԽȥ
ڿޣ汻̮ѹסҲڿޡ˷ֻ̲꣬סʹ
꺮ɨһȦڿյصҴѰˡ
裿ģ
̫ˣͿ־ǰ״޺裬һ޺꺮û
ҲģҲȥʱη
ǹգٹյʱ䣬ʱӦʳϰ࣬ʳþڱڱвλá
ڵȻֹһȻ¹ܹܶܲĸţһ˾ͽߵʵıųڡ
ʳڵλãʵȥĸŶпܡ
һ꺮űΧһȦûټ
ûϢµϢΪϿĵطκһĹء
꺮оԼڶҲڶǲǻڱ
˵յҲðȫԱȱöˡ
һ꺮֣£棬Ҳܾȳ
꺮ҧôȣȫˣʱȥ˾ͳˡ
·ΪӦ꺮仰䣬һ
˷׷ſάƽ⣬꺮һĲǿվȣ߬һ֣Ҫȥˣ
ĻڱղŵһεѾˣ꺮ѾʧȥףҲܽʧȥֿˡ
һһƽǰ꺮ţðģ˿̣ȴһ˿ƽ֮µĲ̡
ΪһԸ꺮ߡ
Ϊ01дָ޷˻ص
Զ꺮һ۾￴˻شɿ֣Ҫȥ𣿡
һͷԣұģҲϣġ
꺮˵ⲻϣģϣһΣաĻԼ
֪һ˵꺮꺮ֻĲ֪ٴȣ꺮ֻڰ꺮ԼΪļ䡣
꺮룬ָ˼䣬һðΣȥ
ǸʵʲôԼᰮԼĻˣгһҲẦʧȥˡ
һıӰ꺮һ˵ʲôˣΪҲãһҲãǶϣԼܾˣҪ˿ģһĻҪù֪˭ϣ
꺮ԼҲЩҲá
꺮ȻûһĹְϾǱصĿ鳤ĻڱǺзģʱһȥˣҲš
𲻶ϣ꺮֯ϵҴȥȫشѣԷ˺
꺮桢ᣬɤôתȫش
ܣڿһѷٵĿյأ֯ȫ뵽Ǳߡ
ڱ֮ѡ˽ʱûи¥ֻҪע¡
ڵʱ磬˶ţһ̮ĴҿֶſڵҴߵþܳһߡ
꺮ٺҴߣмΰӶԱҪԽϵѰԱ
һȷѰԱǵİȫһǸϻˡ
Ѱÿ춼ҵ񣬼Ѿǵø׵ıǰܶѼʡؽͨѶ·ȣѰԱҲ˴಻ڱ
Ҳ֪»ǻ£ѰԱΪһ٣ҲпܹʱĳЩΪĿǰ֪𲨼Χж㣬ѰӶԱǽĽǿңпҲ档
ΰӺѰǱҲģʱ꺮ϵǰӣҲ֪лӨ÷ֱĶ飬ãΪҪԶţߵ·ȥ·Ͼͷ˵𣬴ѷһӵǿһ١
ѷĳϻˣʱҲȫӪȣ˵ǣΪлӨôǹ̶ӣͬʱеھԵѷļа취Ӫȡ
ǣʱڣǿ¸ϲΪȾڳĶԱ
꺮Ҳ֪ػԶˮȲ˽ֻܾܵҵĿǰҴı㡣
Ƚϵùǣ缾κȹ㶼ڣֳȨֻһΰСӶӳ
Сӳʶ꺮ģǡһȹKҴ֮һʱ꺮˵Ҫ֯Ӫȱߣͷͬ⣬ټڳĶԱҵһйߣ취Ȱ̮ĴŴ򿪡
һֻǴһСڣ滹кܶ˼
Ԯһ̲ͣȴһ㲻ϧ࣬ʱʱһһЩڳָͨ˸ձȳһֱס
һơݣǲԫϱڣҲ֫岻ȫ
Ż˿ǰĳŶߵȺͰÿҴﶼܡ
꺮֯Ԯӵʱ򣬲ԼҶ
յϵҴܹˣСֻʮȫԮӡ
Ӱ쵽ϣһʮ˴Σδζܽò׿⽽𣬵Ԯûзϣ꺮ûС
Ǵ˴ξԮӵĶӳҲǳǰˣҵһЩ룬ڿͨ
˲иŬ֮£Ӵŵ߻סլͨѾܹͨȳٶˡ
ֻϧٶеѾһϢ̧ȥʱȫǻң˿Ҳǻҳʯͷ
ٶ˱õյϣ˻ߵžԮٽȥһˣǵļ˻棬˫ľûϣ
ʱѾȫڣҵʶ㣬󲿷ʶڱӱ𴦵ǲܵģ𴦵ʶܵѼ˻رˡ
ⲻһµĵִݲмĵԽǺò׽δڴݻٵĵ
µǣ˿վȻʼСˡ
ꣿûʱ䣬һ·
ڣ޾֮·ⳡƺֻһϡƽСꡣ
ĩ꣬ǶûмСˣ˶ɵסˡ
ڴʱһֵͲǿӱ֮Σ˸
꺮ŵؿţһֵͲ㣬ȫǻңֻһ˫۾ڸǲס͸ƱֵĹ˴
ˣ˳ˣ˻У˲ƮˮŴſ񱼹ȥ
꺮ܵñ˭죬嵽ǰ棬͵һȴһһŮ
꺮û¾ͺãЩӱˡ
꺮̳ȥŸľȣȼ򵥰Ѫʮԡ
裿ôˣ꺮͸¶һ˿š
û£Ц˵ɫҰףʱұʯѹסȣҲҲȿˣһΪҪأˣһ¾͸ʯ̧ˡ
˵һôپ˵ʱһʳˣ꺮Ǹм͵ģһһͷ֪룬һȥ
ǵ󣬻һЩ·һȳˣͳѽӵű˴֮ġ̵ġ


350 
ϲù꺮̲סǣһҪ뿪ΪĵҲڿոĳɽڵʱ̮³˵ĿӶ
ʱ꺮ĲһһȵƣǱġֵĻеֱۡ
꺮ʱע⵽һѾΪ֪ڱ˶ã֯Ѿĥ¶Ļеۡ
ڵص£󲿷ֽѾ̮ΣһֽŲõһѰõĶ֧һռ䣬һ߻ڿʯȳˡ
ռй߲٣󣬹ˣֱ֡
꺮ע⵽ˣһҲע⵽ˡ
ǴǱһȳģڻ谵ĵص£Ǳѹţǡ
ȴҰĲһһĻе֡
ԣһ̣Щȵ˿ǵˣһˡ
һʼ룬֫ϾƼôȱ˿԰װе֫ճ
ԣǵ˾Ҳһװ֫Ĳмˡ
ǣһ̧ѹϼǧصʯ壬Ȼͽֽֽʱ֪ǲˣڵĿƼǷзĻе۵ȲǸ˶ǿЩƼչչĻе֫жٻΪʹãȥҲ˵Υ͸С
һĻе֣֯µĻе֣ⲻ֫Ƿ˵Ľǡ
ǣԼ˾ǻ£ڵбѹ˿־塣
ôˣĩԶûл˿ֲ˵ʱ˽Ǿȳ£˶һֻим
Ҫ˵ĸ飬Ҳеģһǻˣˣһôҳصǣһôȳǡ
꺮òҳ±¶һܣȴû뵽ʱ֪һܣ꺮ĿǸӡ
꺮Ǳво˵Ҫ֮һֹĿͻˡ˹йأЩ˿꺮񣬷·ڻһ꺮ġ
ֻɲǺ޸ԴԴ˵ǲʶĩǰ꺮ֻ֪꺮Ǻһһģһʼһͺ꺮Ӱ룬Ĺϵõܴһӡ
ʱ֪һˣ⽫꺮뵽һ
ò˵ֲ²ȫȴȷġ
Ϊһȷʵ꺮ģǸˡ
һݵԽԽ࣬꺮һͼڸǶԷѾˡ
ʱҹڵˣûСƮϣ¶ȱȰ͸ʮȣ˵²ܴ󣬴󲿷˻ֻŵ£紵ܣ
һû˵ϱģָתƵȫشҴһʱӻ
ȻĿʱʱһϣ̽ζԶ
Ϊ𲻶ϣǴʱֳ˼Σʱıӻϲ̫أȻ̮ѹܲ
һóٿռʣҲõġ
ԴȫͶĽؽһͺٸѰҵҲнʷŽռ䣬Ͼ󲿷ʶҪĴҡ
һ˻ò˶ʣʮ˿ڣÿҪĶʣ
һռʻûѰ֮ǰЩ013һӣȴڳöá
ɲöãٵöȹ
Ȼ˵Ѿ¶һҲװˣӿռóʳһ󣬿ʼ࣬׼ȹ
ĿǰܻվҴֻˣһ׻Ǳ˾һʩҼʣҲѡ˷ϾΰӻѰӺ;ӣҪѧľǷ
ΰӺ;ӵ˼ңЩʱȽϲܵÿЩ㱻ڵ£ҲֵþһЩʸߡ
һܿ֯ҪӣһѾȶӣһǰöӡ
ѾȶӸһһ¾ˣö꺮ָӣȰԱúãһóʣܵΪҽΡ
һӿռóʰʳˮҩȵȱʣ㹻ĿǰļҴߣȻǼֶãֻҪܴӱ¾ȳԽԽˣһҲڵѰҵԽԽʣȫÿռ˳
һен֮󲿷˸ԸڰöӣѾȶӡ
Ѿȶӿ˸ΣͬʱҲе˸ķա
𲻶ϣǺò״ӵӳٻȥֱ̮ô죿
ΪһӰڿžֹס
Ϊٽмߵգһδǿ˭룬ȥԼﱨ
ռ񲻶࣬еĶʮԱˣ󲿷ֱȳ˶ˣΪڵ˱Ͼ̮ķļҾԼѵĸֽĶҪ˵Ϊվˤ̤¼ˡ
ڻվһָӷֶӵˣüʺܵÿģֻˣⳡУ΢
ϸƮ˵ķ䡢üңҹµӦƹʣ˸Ĺâҵһҡڲ
ĹǱ001ĵǸѾﳳ
Щ˻ԥʲô챨˰»ôҴأൢһӣͿܶһ˰
˵ôԼôȥȣߵѾߵͲ𣿡
ǲ1ôǿ·һж㶨ˡ
˵ü򵥣1ǿҲֻһ˰ܾȵ˶ˣһ1ҲأЩҪô죿ֻȨƵķ
ˣԼôѡɡ
һܴЩڵµڳҴԥԭ⣬Ŀ־ǿڹģˣ޷ٴγ£Щȴܡ
һ֪࣬ΪΣ緢ѿһ˿ʧ䡣
ûж౧йڴöκ˱ڴȴ̲ס룬ߡĸ磬ȥЩС磬ΪһȺ
һʲôҲ˵תͷűȥʧ󣬵Ҳ֪»вҴߣȥЩ˾ֻܵˡ
겻ͣ£͹ƽĵѾһˮսѥ񱼲ˮŲҹڸ
һû뵽ǣ⣬˵ĽŲ
ӳһһɳƵŮΰӵһԱһKǸСҴ߻صһԱ˽һ֮Ե֮ټһδѶԷϣԷҲûд졣
һûΪʲôǸŮԸûܹ֮ļʮһ
ܹʮվһǰǺһʼǸְλƺӳϣ
һЩˣˮ˳ǵ£ʪϵĻҳɰÿ˿ȥòУ۾ȴǳҫۡ
һ̼Ĭˣһֱ˺þòųۡ
ʵû˾ã˸๲ͬͦõģ
˰ɣûƻõӰ𣬻δͳࡣ
ҿǿ˵Ӱͳͼʲô˭𣿡
ǣǿ1ţͼʲôԼֶˣ̰ȨĽǮԴһͬʣΪվֳָ²Ϊ𣿡
ǾãïЩȨ˼ල͸ǲЩ
ǰٲõĻxsrǡ

ԽԽŵ۳֣ղЩۣüͷ
˲ãѵҪĽ
ղ뷨ֻǵģͷ˲ͬ⡣
Ҳ֪󲿷˶꺮û˽ķ׾񣬴󲿷˶ïǡ
ϲ쵼ˣղڣʵȨܹǧˣղţͬ˲Ĳٷ֮һ
飬붼֪޷ݽϡ
ʵ˫ͳƣͱһͳܹΪʮû˹֣֮áĻΡƽͳһ
ʮֱԼֿɵĻƶɡ
غľߣҪϽͳһͶƱ
λͳʵȨǵͶƱȨҲ͸һղ߼Ĳһ
λͳʵȨղֻͷ¶Ļһ߲ˣ͸һΪ֪
Ҫ˸߲ôҪõϲİٷ֮ʮͨʡ
ǰʱͨķɳĿֻ90%ͨʣбΪɳͶ࣬ҷչ׵ʼ½ʸͣͶ١
ղתһ룬˲Ҳȫܣ٣ĳЩ˵ĵķɳͶƺɡ
ȻǲȱˡھʱзܾõĴ๤ĻǸʲôϡ
ڵĻ˺ܶõ޸ֵϵͳͬǳܣϢͷݵ໹ǿǵĹҲһиȱ㣬ΪԴϡȱָЧҵĻĽϼ䰺һ˻ò
ָ߿Ƽˣۡ
һһεȵĻҪѼʮϰ򣬵ӶһȥͬĹÿ»ֻҪǧ
ǵĿƼȽ˵ֶȴûжٳһ缸ǰ
ɳĿ벻ˣΣأҲ˵ûԸͶɳнƭ˽ȥЩҲ˶á
ǡ
ղĿͽֳʯ壬˳һͨһϡ
ǣһĻܴӣΪڷɳ*Ƚ
һôղԴΪ᰸ܴҪĽ
²ðȻΪں001ͨѶ;ֱֻ䣬ҪǱȻҲᱻ֪ͱͨڲͶƱ
ղ뵽㣬ֱ̽䣬Լץʱд᰸ϵ


351 
ղܿ콻ϣǰѾڶͬ쵼֣֮ЩҲ˾ûʾͬ⣬Ҳûǿҷԡ
ϾɳǱǵĿٷ֮һҪԭǷɳ
ղŮȷԴʯؽʱĹעԴʯĿڱصãʱ˭˭ȡȻ
ǿǲӽɳƣκһ쵼еΡ
ʱ˼ˣ˾ǮʱȱľǮҪҲǮǿǮ˽ȥֹͣΣС
ɵĻղ룬һͨԼ᰸
ղ᰸ȷʵͨˣҲ޸˺ܶࡣ
УδֱӸȨΪⶫ˶еġҪ⿪޸߲յķд±֤鲻ٰв
һ㣬ֻǸһ̨ס
ڶ㣬ҪġǾѺ󣬱봴01Ļˣϡ豸ҪģΪṩֻҪܴ01ĻˣܹɳпôͻһΪˣΪȨȰ˸ȨȨ
ֱӸ˲Ȩǣŵܴ01Ļˣӵһ˼Ļˣ˼ͬʱгԽǺͼǿôԳϻ񣬼ɸΪȨ
᰸ͨѾһºˣЧѾܸˣϾǹǵһ˵߸ľߣѾٶˡ
޸ҲŽ001ʱ٣ʹʱͳһĿǰ001Ҳȥһ¡
һµʱ䣬ĩ£˵ؽˣӽһ⡣
ڴûǰڱ٣·˶ᱻɡ
ʱ˾ðĵĴرһ˵ĹҴ˯˯ˣ˭֪᲻˯зӡ
Ѱڴĵ쿪ʼ½½ʮ֧ΪCеľ벻һҲһʱԶ˶롣
һȫΧĴ𣬱Ϊܶ˴һ˵ټȵϵʩȶû취ѷϺ󣬵ϵҴֻҹص˵Ŀ
ЩĥŻҴˣ·ǻصӰ
ȻǰģǳӰ⣬Ǿ档
һžԮӶγѾ̮ıаһֱϵ𣬺üǶ˵ص£ʧʮԱһָӺʹ£ڳͨһЩŵҴ߾ȳˡ
֪ﻹ˵ģҲ֪ǲŮ⻷ˣӻʱ򣬲ȫĶԱḻʡ
ЩʱǸѰԶĲһµ񲹸СҲʱҴһϣ
û뵽֪ﲻʣһˡ
Щ˾ȻJеҴߣJбʧΪأΪûһһ˴ڣڵʱ˺ܶˣ˱޷ӳ𲻶ϵ£Ҳû˸ҽȥѾȣֻܵ
ǣһʱȥɲϣһСһJֻȳҴߣˣú͵ʱҪ֪ϡ
֪ڷΪѾCкԶǸʯͺ͵JнףٽJеʱʱٻCУ·գѡ˼ǰJУѰ
û뵽֪ﷴJеϣȥѰԱͳʣJоȳҴߡ
JҴһشǾǸ֪ǰCС
ΪJǿȳˣҪؽ죬㣬ԴѷֻܺʹǰMбһͶı
ĩǿļǰCбټJкCеĹϵһֱJҴԸȫͶCб
Ȼ˵ͶǸ߿ˣû㹻ʣֻһȺУ˵Ͷ˵
ڣJҴ󲿵ĲͳԱǵרҵˮƽɡ
ʱCбĸ߲ۼһСİš
ⳡͻ90%ʷǰδеĴһµľʱ䣬ֻJкCоȳǧˡ
֮ǰ˿ڼжʮֻǧˣٷ֮һĴʡ
ʵһЩҴڵصºͷУһµʱȥЩǷ񻹻ź˵㻹ţϵҲѾûʱȥоԮˡ
Ϊ𲽻ָеʪҲӣҲζţ;˴𣬵Իڶ
ȵʱǵıδؽǽˮû
һʱûУΪⳡ𽫴󲿷ֵ߲㽨ݻ١
Ҳ֪ڵµıݻ٣ο¥ء
֪ε𼶼Ԥ⣬߱Ҳֹۡ
ҪڱǰؽʱѾˣ߶࣬٣ܰһˣЩ豸Ҳȣһ
ǣԱ̫࣬޷ڶ̶һµʱؽ
Ҫ𡢿ѹˮѭϵͳҲ޸·֮ǰҲôӼǰʼ׼Ҫ㿪ʼһʱ
գ߲һ
ǾֹͣԮֱӿʼؽ
ٽʱ䡢ھԮ棬ôȵ٣µ˻ˣҲˡ
൱ڸµ̣߲һ
ͽ־ȳ·ˣҲǵһŷԮˡ
׼ȷ˵ǷԮ˷Ԯ
ΪԮҪǵԾԮߵ˺ԼԱߵ˺ԾԮʮֻ
һ̽ʱ䡢Ͷ뵽ؽУھԮֻ취ȼˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣һǻˣ࣬ʺ̫ˣˣͨԮ޷ĵ
ֹͣԮǱģȻϵ޷ֵıԡԣµ˱ǱȻģһֻܾԼܣһһ
Ҷľû飬һĬֹͣԮǲ֣ȡܻĻᣬ˭֪ѡ
Եؽʩӿʼ齨ʱҴҲĬˡ
˵ѻڵ£һ¹ȥѾˣ£ˣûˮûҴѾ޼
˵Ѿˣŵ˻ҪһҹȥɣųĹâ˴ʼ±ؽ
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ЩǰͶʹõģڵʱѹ¡
⼸ʮ˵ļ룬ؽ·˼ټ
һֱ۲001Ҳ˷˵ľ޴Ǳ꺮зģͬʱҲзġ
޸ֽĳĲΪѧϰСļáĻ˳һЩٽķչ
001˼꣬зӦǿȹĻˣֻҪз01ĻˣôɳĿָտɴ
ʱǶʱʱ޸ֵղѾ˽յ˲׳֦
ĴҲʱġôΪҶ֪Ľ㣬ҲǱжȳĹ󣬿϶Ļ˵ղŮԴʯķߣ֮Դʯɺͷɳ϶һ
ЩղһҪ̰֪ԼþΪԼԼĻ
̫ԼղΪĽ㣬ô᲻˽Լء
ղ˰С綼ЩղԼָоÿ²ֻҪذ⵹ï⵹ïֻɱӺҪģԶֹһ޸־ֳλá
һз01ĻˣôǽʱıᣬҲǲܡ
ʲôأľǵȴ֡
Ҳ˵׽ã˲ǣղҲãҪıľ޴Ǩûܴʷѵѧκζʱ޴ıˣһֱߵ·ĳ·
001С·ߵ˾ͷĹҲСӭµ޸־ֳԼࡣ
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ǰDֻʣ˰˸ֵڶѭʼʱԴ˸ֲͶ˱ı
ڵĸرùDڵĵϣǿȱϼֱȫûҴ޼
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һؽٶϲؽٶȾˡ
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±µĽƺͽģ俹ѹǿǴǰʮ´ѷˣ±ҲһһѷУɢܣ˾԰ȫ·ҲӱϷڳȥ
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ⳡȫԵģֺСһҹ֮串𲻸ڣеıDһǶʡϽ죬ǶϽ졣
ʱ򣬹ĳЩѰһϢʱҲյCзԼͬϢԲͨҲDԵ˷Ϣ
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DˣҲˡοЩ˻ʡͼCбҲûаϡ
ȵʱC±Ѿں϶ҡ塢ı˿ڼȴû֮ǰʮ
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⻹ֻǲʹһΡˣһδ𣬻֪Ҫˡ
±ʱӦԱꡢԡȣ˭Ҳ֪δᷢʲô
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ӹսδֹͣDܾǰҲսϡ
ĩǰĺƽҲĳЩǿĹҶԣϵսδֹͣ
ĩ󣬴ұΪ඼ΣʱˣӦŽһ档
û뵽ֻǰ棬ıս
ⳡģս˺˵վ𣬴˷Ⱦǡ
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ͬʱCбյϢ˵Ǹ˺˷й¶¹ʣԭ͵Ѳ˸ϵ
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ǿ׷ʹǻãתһ룬ԼҲ࣬Լˡ
Ǩƻװ̨ۣվչպ켼ȡ໹δ֮ǰʣ뿪ǣѰ档
ͬʱΪ˱ٴκʹǰһݣ±ʼͳһԺĻҡ塢ںһҪΪͬɱҾ硣
ǿɵЦˡ
ʷѧΨһѵûдʷȡκνѵ
Цһ˻ʮأںϣƫǡ
˵ʲôأͼǰɣһôˣңʮסţѵ˵ˣŰɣɳĿһͰʮͽȥɿ

ۿֱĹֳղͷ۲ѣΪڣҪȥɳһ϶٣ֵõ϶ࡣ
ղͷ۵ͬʱĬĬѰƶǷĽûеȡ࣬ߣûеࡣ
ղףǵԱìУ׼ìҲУԱìܣҲζţҲӽ׼ìܡԱغˣ׼ͬ
ղ룬ϣǸŮ˺ͻƹܵʱΪ˵ʱ
ǣû뵽ǣ001һƹܵû·
ǴչƼ߲Ůԣֻԭʷ϶֮һʱʹ뿪˾ǡ
Ѱҵ򣬵Ϸչȴȫͬ
ʱ̫̫꣬̽Զڵ࣬Ǹ001һʱŵ㣬Ψһѡ
ʱѾȫɻƹΣֻҪԼڵ£ͻ˺ƽɡЩˣѲ꺮ʼзЩʡˣһһһˮ׼ĻˣԼ˼룬˼ǿŵ㣬ûմȾȱݡ
࿴һͬһʷӣȴȫͬչ磬ǿ001లҵûпƻõӰ˲ɱڣûϲ²ʵСҲ齨޸֣ΪֻǸõطչ磬Լ˽ġ
ʵʱ꺮Ѿⶼȥһٶ꣬ûкռֻһʵȫͬ
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