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Ӯȫв»ɢȥһ书˫ȱС
ֺӮǱ䱾ⱻĥ
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ӮOSô£еŶ
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1 
ӮմҲμһ缶صϴϴˢˢ˯Ժܸоؿѹʲô
Ժлܶ಻Լļ䣬ӽȴġ
һӢĳŮ˺Է裬Ůԣֻһ˫޵۾š漴ͱ̧ջһƣŮ˵ƫˣǶˣһʺѪ
ȻǡסŮѾɥʧж˫ȣþ۶Ů˽ŮģŮҲǿӲͷɾǿĲϷ
ӮŮ˵С¡ģǻеĶӡ
ţ
ûӮףӽǾ͸桮ŮϵϣŽ˿Ĵ£ܿʹŮʹƺߡ
Ů˵ĺмı޺ۣ˿ڴĿģӮĿԼ־ֹŮʩ
Լǻ̫̼Ӯⳡֵʧȥʶ֪˶òѣ˫ʶƿѹؿڵȴ⾾Ķ״ָжرŮ˵ظ
ʶԾӸ̻Ƶըʶ˲
͵ۣӳľŻĴʡ
ŵͷԼؿڣһԴɢҵסԼԴ˵ϡ

־͸ŻƵ͵ҲΪԴһѻӿʶȥץȴֻüקס˵·
˻
ⲻ֪ʲôӾ͸ˣ˵ļͷٵȣûһǺõģȫϽ˺ۡ
Ȼ˾ǰһΣȻԵ¡
š´һʹ
Դһ¾ʹˣſȥżιû°ɣҲǹʡġ
Сȥɵ㶵ĿվڴŴŮɫȹڡ°¶İɫ
٣޷ΣҰף죬롢ؾصʹüվҲ
Ӵ̽ͷΪǸӻŮϣ˺ӵ׵̧ߡ
񲵽ʶĵز룬˺ס
ȵȣ
Ҫôһ°ɣڼ˯úúõģĸ˵̧Ϸֳˣ
Ůͣ½Ų˸ȻͲˣԸƵġ
ζûֵݣɴӴ
ι˵ĸģԣĸѹ׽ŪҵģʵǶأ
Ůװϣ
װĻͦôһ¡
Ҳ֪ܿ˼ҲװģӮһӢ˶ԱȻĪˣǴĹѪŮͬŰģ
ҲˣԹ鹦֮治УųӰʱսתҲǿģͬͬյԷ˶Ըıô¡
ң
ѾԶԭжˡ
Ҫ
ˤײǽǴȥԭ磬ΪһϵзľٶΪڷ񲡣
ϲŭ޳ԭıǩ
.
̯֫ټĴϣ޿һ
ؼҰ
͵ĶݶʮһʱյĻơ
ڴźĴŮðűɱΣսսϣʹֹѰһһҹѾ˹ȥҪҽ
⼸վϱˣ黢ŮҲµԴԸСĽ

Ӯ崻ӹػԼʲôҪ£
ǰڱԭŰĲǸ󽫾С⡣
δʮ游ɱУºպսʮ⽫Ϊԭƽңȹ̱߽ԭˣȫҪЮԼĴ֮衣
˵ǳ裬类ԭ۵Ůūԭٰ裬ǳе£ϴӴϹȥľ⡣
ԭֻŰ⣬ÿؽŰð˶ҽ
Ѿ£ԭоûʱҽŵ´Ѫ̥ûס˸ѪڶϣǾԭľ綾Ѫӣԭǰ֪ĶҩӺζ
ŴȥӮ¸ˣһͦ
ȥ룡졪
ˡ
.
죬ԼĹڶñˣ˭ԼҲһѣ˵ûεİ
Ӯ漱תҽСҩȥ
զû£
ϼǶģ˵һɴζϰʹȻһż
뷢԰׵ϴһŵð˵͡
ϣˣģŶ̥Ҷֵ磬ѾΪй룬̥ҩҲȥˣҩԴһʱձܺá
ӮһҲϴϹɫӻ־ͷ뿪ˡ
ʵԲ˾⣬
ԭ޳ԹƾʲôԷȥȨ
ˣ˾̹ס
ҪȥģԲԭ
˵ţԼסɽӡ
ɽԭǹһƫƧᣬҲǱǿסģһӦ趼ªżİڼûС
ڽߵС׸С
ССĽһߣǶ˾͵òųȥ
׸Ҳѭǡطķˮ˵
һ۾ͷڵĶ
̴ľ̵İβɴʣױ̨ǽŵ
ڻҩ֭Ŀɬζ
Ӯһţϵ˾ݵֽץסɵĳ񱻣ĺϻԧ춼Ҫץˡ
Ӣ衢ŭߺ޵Ϊͽľɿֽ֣ͬǰϣۣƫֻ࣬ӮһĬĺס
Ӯżصԭ磬ʱҲ˲࣬ǰ˵ߣ£סݵֱޡ
Ǵ21괩ӮǱӮ¸ȫûϵ޹İڻزȥˣԺ󶼲֪ôˣҷɣ㰮ľģҳɲɣ֮λҲø㣬ҲҵģĻҲ֪ƮȥˣҲǻزˣɴȡֻ֮һҪһȥҲҪء
ΪĥԼģĳ棬ͷȴɫֻתĬĬ֣侲ĿǰӮҪޱ޵ϿһЩߣӮʲô˵ǡ
ӮҲɵķӦ֪ţҲûбİ취ˣڻʵʵ˵ԭҲԸⶥԭͷʰ̯ӣҪ뿪ȥɽ
ɽɣͨŽóӹŮġ
ȥĲйزɽĴ˵Щ˵˵ȥİ취Ҳûˣֻҽ
֮ѡ̹ΪʱձκϱҪҡ
·֣ټսҷ
ԭƿصĽΪǿ֮һȫµ۾ڶţͻȻʧضӴĶңӮٲҲ֪İԼʧƼ
ԭĲּ䣬֪ǸĻ׳־Ĺ֮ϵգΪնս
ԭ˽бյսս֮ⷽĥ
ɣƱȨһհ뿪
֣ҪɱҪϤ㣬ֺα̬Ա
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Ų㣬֮Ҳ
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2 
ԲΪֻš
ԭ˵̫⵹ùﶼӦˣ˵ʲôʲôӮ˵С
ȺúţȱʲôίԼ
ԭļ䣬ԭɵЩȻҲ֪˴ԭ֮⣬ҲͬԼ뿪֮ǰܶõͺõɡ
ԭͻȻķ񲣬һ˵ܵķŭͬ¯Ļѹѹס
ǱǿƽĹֳ˲ܱ֮޴򣬾ͷĸ輧еūģƽǰ͵Ľǲи䷹ʱи䷹ûУŶţūıЩ
ΪºպսȴΪأһнӮȫҪЮͷ书ڹ裬װģ仰ܽҹȥġ
Цϼ˵Լǹβھ֤ҿϲūź򣬲źңΣ
Ա˽⣬⻰˵Ҫĥ˵˱˵ˣкξ壬蹶˸ɾ
Ӯ㵣ָԼң
˷ӦЦŲ̬԰׵תȥһֶԸ˵ˡ
ӮԼбҪһ¡
û˵Ը⣬ֻи񣬲Ը⿴ǰϹΣȻ㶼ô˵ˣԺҾ͹ź㣬˵˰ҪҵķǾͽֹ̯ӣҲ˰˵ҲܲˣҪִġ
Ī˵Ӯǹʧݵ£һʿŮҲǴСʳţū͵ĻȥҪЦġ
ȻսɳڼҲūź򣬹ʶӮⷴľٶʮ𾪣ҲʼӮݡ
ϴҲ˻ý֪ӮѲ˵˻ꣿҲδ̫Щ
ѹͷƣȹ۲һ㣬˵ʵضҪ˱ٻ·
Ѷ̬Ӧǡ
Ӯϲ⣬ģ̫ˣ
ͷѹŵĴʯͷŲˣյսӮͲõԼ뿪꼰޹ˡ
ֻ˸˵ӣ۵׻һĨ˼
.
ʱֵ£ֵشӺ캮ض䣬·ϵĻѩа˸ߡ
ĵλãǸʱûô䣬ƲеʱӦСڣԣʱֳ
ɲǸͷ
⵽סɽûе̿¯ûУͷúܣǵıֵǿ׳˶ܲסĶ˵⻳ִڲУܳԵ㹻̿¯ůţҲ˺ʵġ
ĿⷿкЩëëѼ޹֯ĶůֻҲǿϧˣá
ԭҪŰ⣬϶˺ãԭˣɲֻ׺£ȴӦҪźãкöȻɽӰᡣ
ʵԭԺʣеȪأֻ˵ʲôϰȥȰ仹ŭӮҲǿ
Ϊ˷չˣֻÿɽܵڿЩҹﶣŮСź򣬿վǷĲ£ձԼ̸ǰͬס
ϵͷӣź˰̥ҩ⻺ͷüš
ʹӮգⱩҲŭĲƷ͹
ɽӱҲˡ
ͷţ԰²¶Ĺ۲켸գܻ¶β͡
ѹסеӶƵԶЩ
Ӯͷ¯˿̿źñϸӣšһ岼¯ףȻů¯ϡ
СԷָ͸ƵģҲ߯ˣǰҲ֪װ׶յ֡
ûƽ⸱̬ȣȴҲ˵ֲŮҹ˻ҪҡˣҰͽչ˶Щֲ飬Ҫ治뿴ңǿӦ̯ӣҺ˰
һůžⷬ򴽲
ӮתȥæԼ̸ǡ
˵·鷳ôɻ㣬ֲϰʹˣֻҪԼľԼ
ΪЩ˿ۣԭˣѹ̧ͷұۡ
һūƶȶûбϳĴ⽨ᣬԭǱ˭Ҷ˵ġ
Թ˵ԼģͷѩֲŸղãʵڲ˳ţٴ˷͸ˡƣĲкܶ伮˰㿴
õᡯһ㶼ţ
֪ԭôܵıȫǴַǵ߽ĩڣūƶȡʿ¢ϵڡ
ճ¼дƤֽŻǽλԭΪһеĲҲȫֽűд鼮ΪƤ
Ƣ䣬ϲЩ秵Ķ
Ӯ룬ϲãʲôȤǱ飿
ϲΣ㻹ȥʿĲرⲻɡ
ıܹǼ漰֮ĸ֮٣ʹҲǱʿأֻڵϵҪ죬ǹҲûʿ彫ó
ԼֲûУҪӮ˸⡣
ԣһڼԲѡ
ӮҲû䳰ȷԼǰı鳭¼˻ϲû˵Ĵ󽫾ʲô˵йǧʷ࣬ƴһ鹹ļܿʱô
ñ죬ߣڱµ˫ȣø㰴ĦˣͷҸΣõʱҲԼͷɹɹ̫һֱҲǸ£ûҪƳģɹ̫ô࣬ܲƣҲ˫ȵĻָ
˫ǳʱԭеģ˲վ
ⴷ˺üȣʱ˫ȳ񣬻˴֧ҪվҡεشϺֺ۷й͵شڰﶼζԭ̫Ƕˡ
ӮĦһֻ֣зƫ̱֮ͳԴչ˺֪ܶ꣬ô
Ҳʹ˫пָܻߵģǾ͸ܷˡ
Ȳ;ʹ̣붬˯һþ
ǰӮΪȣҹ˯˲١
ҲûоܾҪƿӣȴӮһѰס˵͸ŰɣòůˣɱƿȥǾȫ׷ѹˣҾֽȥڱҲܰ
˵Ż˸ͷ棬ĸЩ
漴㽫ѣһֱů͵ģȺС¯˿Ͼ׼Сȡ
ԭЩ䲻ϰǣɵ˫ůȣַİʮʹĵط˳°ĽѾָؽڵڽתȦʹ֮õ⣬Ҳɵ÷
¯Ӯڿžûǰǰˡ
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ӮҲ֪ʱûΣҲƵģֻǲΡ
¸£һӣŪϻؾܱߣҪǹպûԼתŶܷġ
أû֮ˣΪϱרΪ칥е֮ľӱ绢ңĴ֮ס⻺ͺͳʵȷʵǿ
ɱеѪٿԼ˫ѷϣУֱֱ֮֮ⷽزɣֺӮݺ˶Էһۡ
ֵ֮ӮֲҰŪģҸ
̫ΣգӮʲô
иʳ϶ǱƽʱҪϸЩģҲûǰԵģýֺͷ붼֪ԭˣ϶ԺãӻܴûҲ漣
ʵжͦģԭô⻳еģŮҲܻҪִҲ⹦ܾͺˣŮǾһȫȫǵĺӣòô鷳
նиͣҲҿͷۣȻʱֲڵַպ⽴У˸Ҳ׼ĲʳĵߣӽĳһڵĶ˵ǰۿ˳Ըɾδ֪˺϶Էζˡ
⽫תѵճԵӻ
Ӯᣬס
˲ţӣִѩûþ϶㡣
ʱòû˳⣬ԭµļ֪ϲţ⣬Ҳʳ¹ҰζʳҲǶСΪ²ƽܳ⣬λ͵ū͸˵ūʱǲ˵ģûڡ
⻳УĦʱ䲻˹
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л˵
----------------------
ʼոݶϾŵ£ղһлл


3 
캮ضʺϳԻӮһչ̿¯װ¾Ͱչ棬õţеʳġ
ʱũҵǶǹпʵõ߲Ҳֻ࣬жȲ˺ͶҶڴѩ֮ǰڵؽѵģԭƺϲʳЩƽˡ
൹ǲ٣ţⶼȱ
ʳĵʱӮ룺ĸȨƵԶ
ڻû뿪Ҳ̫֪չʲôӣԭļҲûаգȫԼڹ޶ȵܡ
Ӯ²ۣ軹
ǰиʱĽд󶹣ʳܲ㶹߷㶹ѿսսӦ
Ӯ²ʱӦǻûжӲ±ִӶԲź¡
ҲûΪѳӣ˵ȥܹɽһСʯĥ
Ƥͼū;͸˱ƵĴڻܳȥҹ
ΪҪʮ²ܼƷû뵽ū;ͱʯĥˡ
ʯĥū͸һ޻Ƶɣ
СʯĥŵǰְѻͼֽƤͳ˫ַϣԼֻὫƤŪࡣ
ʯĥӮݴĥ糿ȵľȶϲӮŪЩԣҲǣҲֻŪ̿ڵģҪǷǸʱɿ϶Ҫ췭ظ
ʣµĶȫŪƵ±ˮѹɶȥѾˡ
һЩըЩС鶳ȹԣʣµһֳԻ
ľó˸ūͼӲͣϳԶҲǸ¶󶹳Զ˶ӷ͹ƨ
Ժ䣬ɽȷʵСλڸߴһ
ӮͰѻԵСϣſڹϸܵ赲ѩƮĽǶ̿¯ΧųԻһ㶼䡣
չţཹཷڷζƮ׸̲ס첱ƣֻǸµıӰػصæµСͿڵ䶫һǺǵζʹڽŤ˸磬ᶼˡ
ͷڵպϵӮæͣĻ뽫׸¡
֮ǰŵģ˵ͷƵûţƿܿ档
סڱֹް÷ӡʲôǺˡ
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ڹĿⷿҵģ˹ܿⷿˣ˵̶Ӵϣ̱ǣϲһֱڿⷿû
Ӯ֪ʱûԹҲֱ֪ϵʵǿڵġ
Һȥ˷ǸĿⷿȻû
ϲܲܳԣûպǵģҪܾܽ˵ըһͣ²
ʳġ׺պ϶׼ˣ⴩Ϻ£Ȼ˱ȥ
¯ͻȵƤë̺ҲˣӶõĺůʣû䵽һ㣬ǹŮδźôܵ
ͷ££¯δ۵׷Ĳ
ӮǰҲԹɣ֪ôԣ
ԭļƳԻĻ棬ֻõĲչͭʳҲûôḻպҲֻһ⽴ԵǻҲǺڰ汾ĻӮǲϵģҪִζ
˵ͷĲȴ֪ôһ֡
ӮţÿӽӰչַЩܲ顢бţ⣬ɫ֮ŵǰСָŪ˵պϡ
ԿܲܳҪܳԾֱӳԲˣţζҲġӻҪȳ⣬ǽģϺȵĶģɫ۶Ƥɫը㶼һ̲һ˵
Űɣȼţպ˵֭ͮͮСķУͱζռŻһ̫ܵ᲻³
ʵղͷǺǵζѹסθĶģʳȲҪԣֻڡ
ܽ𣿡˵Ӯͦĵģ̫ǿ³
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±ţ֭ˮҲ᲻ͣպ϶ȥһˣ߳ԱߴߴϽµͶ
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ūͽ϶࣬ޣӰӮķԸ⽴˳ְʹ͵͵ȥ
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ζֱҪҲ̲סÿӽǽ죬ܿͱ˿˿Ծɴڴڳԣ˲˵
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йǰĳʿŷȨҲܴ󣬹Ӯǿһ㣬ֻû뵽ʱʿҲôţƣܸѵͲ¹һŭ֮ţ
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ʳٲ˵ģǵأ̧


4 
תȥ
ӮǱ͵Ц϶ġ
.
ѩһҹ
ӮŰ׺ƤëĴ멣վɽӵǰǷԶ̨ͤ¥ԱѩǣҲ·װ
ūڳѩдɨͥԺ·ĻѩɾԱߡ
ɫµŮͭױе룬źλϴŪױ
ǰɽźŮū⣬ѾӮ򷢵𴦡
ȻҲԭµҲЩ˵Ĳܵʹˣ۲Ĳ
ЩŮѡģҲ⿴˳۵£Ҳ򷢳ȥˣֱɽӵطСҪôˡϸɴֻūܹͣҲˡ
лԭ༧檣ӮûҪδãԭһˣмҵĻؼңûҵľԺסţðЩӵزɿա
ҹս¶ͷͱأ˵С
ֻļ檽ԭȻǸɵӣЩбļϸרΪ鱨ҲΪɱԭԭ곡Ϸȴ˼ǣðȻǷųǾܽյ鱨ȥ
ӮһǳʱҳԼܲ˳ȥһⱻԭĥ֪ô࣬ԭǴûˡ
檲ܾߣǾֻȼплϢ
ԭʲô仯϶ǵһȷһĥʲôӮԼܻ߳
еĹŴԭҪûˣֱӴȥǱΪ»Ұ˵̫ˣĲ
ҪҪ£ȥţ棬ţҹͷԸӰ˵ķˣֻҪϸ¹ϼ̵һ׺ţ⣬ʳ¯һ˹ȥĺţ˶ǣѵøӮһϵЦ
иʳ涼ԵĸɸɾδñӮСһȦǿ궼Ѿŵˡ
һϵ׳ôԲˣСһֱʶȤĽ׳ƹȥ
ʱķʳֲܴڼ򵥣˵ƽ񣬾ϲʿҲǳûκεϵĿ⣬ʳҲΪӮЩûûԹģ֪ϸġ
׳ȫǱ֭ڶӮ߳ҵһɰͰ͵ľ²ˣ״ִľ²˲̫ӦҰ²ˣҲкŨľ²ζ˰赽ţڶ׳ɣõгС飬һȫ֭
׳СҧųԣԥƬ̲Ŵ⿪ڣ˵ҿ԰㡣
ʲô㾡ᡣҲǺʶȤġ
ѵúЩӻͳһöСɵ壬㽫ддһţŵùȥҼУźö彻ĸףĸ׿ź֪ôˣ㾲Ƚǡ
СӮûԥ̴Ӧ
ԭļͿ֪ҲʿʮǰսбˣϺо綾Ǳסˣɶ࣬ʱǲ࣬˺游ɱУ飬ײοбۡ
ʿ岢࣬һڳĵʿи룬ȥϸż
ԭΪҪľ²ܻвһֱѹʿϷѣȱ߾ȹ̣ԭȲջıȨԭͳֿϳֱΪԭֱӺѪɳʿӺͻӪԭʿһ뻢
ԭǼܿıȨԷȫΪҪЮ
ⱻȥ书ΪԭĴ֮ϵĵλһǧɣʿԭ¹ϷϵĸǿţѾͷԭʿ
ǰӮͷڴͷ⣬˵ϵܣŻ˧űܽڴ˵ġ
쵽ߣ̧ͷ£
ż岻ǶѾô˻ĥĥʲô
Ӯ˼ҡҡͷû£ȥ°ˡҲ¾ͺˣҶԸˣΪģ㾡ʹˡ
š
ⰲ¯ϵš
.
Ӯǽ֮ǰæҹʯĥǸū͹ԭ챿˻ģԲǺϲҲԸȥ죬ýźǼܸ˿ĵūܹ¡
մӮ͹۲ūİ̫Ū챿Ŀס
¬ūͳܸ£¬̾͸˺üͷϼֻ˲д˴
ʱԸ¬㽫źȥϸۡԽϷˡ
ǡ¬Žӹ˳ȥ
֮Ӯͷ鷿εĹͼ˾óȥҽ
¬ģһĻдĻţһ֣á
鷿ⲽ¬Ϸ˿ɻлأ
ѵԼ¬־İ£ԼϸۡμϷˣϷ˵Щװס
ûбĻ˰ҲĴΣӮĸŮһһͷˮ
˰ˣȻѾ˼ˣȥֻܵȽϹôҲûá
͹ȥʲôʵ˵¬
¬ӹ˳ȥĻһûʡ
Ӯ鷿ִһСӺһƤɽȥ
ŮѾӮ׼׵ȵĲͷҪȥӮӭŷѩˡ
ž˵㿴ӣæ¶Ӧý˹˵һģԺ˾ȳԣõңѩģֻźӣ˿ôá
Ƴϰڵһ˫ӣЩˣӮûעͿٰ
ӮӺƤŵ׸СٳŶżӷϣ飬˭ˡ
ദ˼գӮҲˣӲ
ԺҶһԷӲҲúúܣԼϾˡ
һӾͼв˳ԣû
սϱնһ̶ѿǰӮȥԭԺǰڵϵĶѿˣ˲ժЩҪɽȥ
飬ҪҲܹ⣬ʱȱ߲ˣͺˣҲֻܴЩֳɵͷ¹򣬾ŪЩ»ش䣬ӪϴҩҲá
æŸвˣ˲ԼԣԺˣŰѹʣµĲ̵ԼԸӡ
ⱧϣƤչױƵ˵Ƹö
صģҲ˼ֺģĿתƤϣʼģֻһ˲ͱϵĶˡ
л˵
----------------------
ժ֦˭Ⱦأ껨ˣæɻ
PS껨ǰܳȥˣ֪ɶʱ


5 
ƤӮ˴ʱ仭ıͼһĻˣɫ
һ㣬ͼż󣬵⿴һͼСľ˺ͱóϾģƤϵıжݡ
еɳ̵˼˲ںսǶ˳ìꪡǹ͹
ⲻ֨ŵĴ֣Ȥ
ˣû͵Ŀϡ
ͱʾЩϲôһҹ֮ͱˡ
ѹסͷӿ̽ͼ£Ȼʣͼи˿
һ£ûУǵһġ
ԣһСĽƤóţﲻˣͬ𡣡
ôأӮа
ϢըִϵǾרңֱҲǴЩƵ￴ģôˣûǻƵġ
ͼһ֪һհ
Ӯе㵣Ĺͷˣһűͼѣڰɡ
̫ˡ⿴Ƥڼ֮ɫ
佫ңҲղصıȴûӮ
Ȼ˵ˣӮҲûǿ磬ԭܹԽ߸֮
Сϵĵյ̨ƿӮĻˡڡսʲôóϡ
⿴ʷϺܳİŽҲаɱܵоʵɱ
רŸģҲƣҲԽƶ
ʱûг֣еġ
սںãȲͿī֭ġоͼͱĺɫ
ģΧа˸ĲֳֳǹꪳìͶоս״̬µоֲô
šüļսԣٴͼΰ̶ûɥʧ־ԽսԽ£ֵµıľ˻ǰ塣
ӮֱײƵļƣæȰ裺ιιιɽڲûհ˶ˣ˹˾滹ôܿҪȡ
ȡ˵˵ߴ١
Ҳͷֱ壬Ҳȷʵƽ󣬳дɱγɷͶʯ߻ڣֱӺƻͣٴţĶţ˺һӣΧ˼
ӮָŰŸĿھ룬תų
˫һ̲סƵʵ
Ӯһϵ麹Ҳֻ֪ԡݡˡšΪģھҲǴƵģ̸ֽ
Ҫ˵ʵս黹ÿ˼⣬õھͿʼûҲҪץ֪ôãܾźͨ˵ɡ
ҹѾˣ⻹о
Ӯ͸ԼֿʼƮɵĶëѩǷֱ
ֲܣٿɲĿˡ
۾һ㶼оۣҪ˯˯һҪݼ顣
УӮȫҹˣҪϢˡ
ⲻǺ⣬κֲӮֱӱϣһѾͽѣůŵһţٶĲԸ˿Ҳֻðתװ
Ӯڴ߸ţ˾ͺҹԹ˯ٻµı㣬òã
⸱ͯ˫̣Ժ㲻Լ
㻹б󷨣Ҳ
ı󶼲ȴѾǵ
Ȧڹ֮ϼղصıҲߣҲ֪䵽ĸʿС
ֻҪͺ޲ýж˿飬ͬһζ޲
Ӯһ£һԹƽ˵ǧɡ
һˣ˵˵ôǧ﷨
ҵĹ̰˯ɲӮвҪǹԹ˯Ҿٻ㣬ҪǲԣǾһûУҶҪջء
ǲУ˵רŸҵġ⼱ˡ
ǼˣӮ˵İǡݱδ͸
ջҲɣڱ۾˯Ӯ
ⲻǸвȵˣΪ˱ͼ̣ԹԱۡ
Ӯһᣬȵĺ೤֣ͣʷŻصٽ
Ȼ谵Ĵڣ۽Ժﷴݰ
.
˼գ¬ȥ˷ȡѾõΣһϢӮ벻Ϣ
̷˼רӣ
ǣСһǳϵǰϵļͱڳ󻻶еĴȫ˹ʱЦϣ˵˲Ļն̿ţδҪ۲ͣǲģǲʿū
ϣǲ⹫ô
ʿ֮΢ƽ⣬ĳһĳʿıǩҪˣǽԷ壬˼ȫ֮⣬һҲֲˡ
˵ˣԴס֮񻻴󶹣СܻĴ󶹣˽ȥ̷ƥƤë⡣
ЩƷҲǸʿĲҵ֮ǰûǮҲûпɻ֮ܻˣþܴγɱջ˭ûԿ
ӮҪ̲סˣϻǸ˲Ű˰գø߼۶թʿһʣ
֣Ǹ֡
ֻǶ򵥣ôĵմ󶹣ܿͻ뵽ߵĹϵϳԿд¶ɡ񡢶Ƥ¬͵ϸۡ
Ŵõλɽӣ⻹׸ϰŪµõı
Ϊ˽ЩСŪȫӮҲ˿๦ָͷ˺üӡ
Ŵʮɱˣ뽫Ҳдģɿڷʳݱʱ˵ȻҪԲȲ˯һЩͷˣòײŰЩɾġ
ȱЩˣˣұȥԡ
֮ǰ鷿ԹˣʱĽ˻ҲûƾƤϵͼֺĥʮŪ˸ɲסӵСء
δķСľɵĻڣεջȻûбӮŪЩں͹սϣܳҲ׾ٵ¡
Ӯϵ˿ƤⱧȥ˫ȷŽ̤ںһƾתδǰߡ
иСֱûǸɲͣġ
ͷһԲֱӮ˵ǰһƣ̾ͣˣξμǰС
л˵
----------------------


6 
ѩͣҲα磬Ӯ벻ȥɢɢġ
жѾԻˣֻǶѴĶſӣټԭֲ˵ģԴ˺üգҲӮŸ濴ƫԱͼ񫣬׸ϰŪˣѾ˷ʳĵز
Żûʮǲȥ
кκɢģ䣬ܲסͲȥˡ
û˵Ӿϵıͼ飬Ѿˣʱ½ҲȤ
治η磬Ҹ㴩ůЩͲ¶ˡ
Ϊ˵һԱͼ񫣬ӮҲֻܳ²ߡ
ڹ﷭˰ǰǼë磬ɫҵģƤëͽܣϵѩɫ޼аʡ
罫ͷŹʵů¯ȷһʧ˲ųš
ů¯ϣӮӺȡ
εľѹʯ淢֨֨죬ޣľͷһģһѾˣӮҲִתû
𣿡Ĳ
ЩǱţһ㲻˾ٴУһš
ƤȵĵƽⲢδܵκεҡҡͷ
װعӿڱǺȥΪɢ궬Ҫ䡣
Ҳ֪߾ΡŻµĻѩġ
ԹٳߵΪĴ
ڶǰѾ޷ٺЩǿøΪ⣬֮ϣѾС̲ѹƵֻܹǰֵС
ԹһֱǽǿУǳŻŴν߾ıȨδԭջʱп֮飬ȴͣŰı߾Ҫսˡ
ЩӮҲܴԭļ֪㣬ʱ̫ˣԭֲˣıҲԼһִ˲Ͳ˹Ŵ£ŪЩԵĺȵĸոѾǾˣ̣вУԲС
ȹʱӦ̯ӣҪȥɽִܻİ취
¿ԽԽжǣĲ̡
ҪҪȥҪֻͺˣһ绰ܸ㶨ھֻܿ˫ˡ
㡭ֹ
գ˫ۣһ޹˵ǱЩİ
治֪ⷴ˿߾ؾӺͼ޼أ߾ȡ
ǾͺǾͺáӮظ´
⿴һۣû˵ʲô
ۼ磬Ӯû̫ãתһȦκòþͻȥˡ
ȥ磬ֱűͼ֡
Ӯֱҡͷֱûˡ
Ҳȥ鷿ȡīֽݶ࣬Ҫд겻֪ҪöƤԻʱʮֽš
ԭôǴ鷿ﻹֲٴģȫãҲﳬֵˡ
⿿ϴݱӮбСͷĬд顣
дľӱıˣ˭ҲȻˣҲƤ˵Լдģֻѧý˵ǻŲʱѡ
ݶ࣬òëʣдر
дֽˣֱŤ߲鿴޴֡
иϰߣĶʶŶ
ߣ֮£֮أ֮ɲҲʡ
ûһͱϣ˵ʲô
һ±ƿȥ
ܼУղŵĻ˵һ飬ֵȲֱ֣ùơ
һûдꡣдװɲ͸ġ
Բһ˫ӣװͰ͵ٷϻ
Ӯ޷ֻýдø
һõ֣˱ƵȲһĿʮԹϸϸжĦǽӮƲһߣû˽ͱãܿڻͨ
ӮԾȫеĶĽζ
ݽֽô֣ıԽζʲôЩټϱͼľӱؽңս޲ʤܽڽŵ£ǽĶ֡
ܲңҧӮ*ѵôЩ
ӮչʾĶǱͼǱ飬Խ˵ҪغŽδӮܽд꣬ʲôԴӦ
ǲ֮޷󣬵ӺԸĽǣЩͱɴǣֻҪΪ˽ʹ桢հҵԲںԼǷбȨ¼̾Ҳֵá
˵ʲôɵأӮʵۣⱾд͸ģ˵ʲôЩϲͳɣͷٶд㡣
ɫӣ㵱桭
ţ
һֽŵΪڼڲ㵱Ըңͼرֽ֪дĶֵǣԸۣ˽ǳعҲ㽻
֪Ӯνһ̯֣ȻأҾҪȥЩûã˵ûã˼ɣⱾҲҵģҽЩд㣬˵ԺܰæҲ͸˵Ҫȥģһֱ⣬Ҫˣһһ治ôġ
ﻰҲûб˼Ǿ˱Ȩֱ书ҲûˣٳΪʵĺܡ
ӺеʿҪȨʵ̫ѣԼľǶһЩʱҲñ
Ҳ֪ľ仰˵Ĳԣ񾭣⵱ֽۣ˦
æҽϵֽͷԵôǣ
תȥҧס´òҡ
ֽŻصϣ˵أôˣôҹ˰
Ӯ˵Ĵ¡
˭ˡӲԼΪղ˵Ҫȥ֮Ļѹ
ԽӮԽģƢôˣǲľ仰˵Ĳãˣ˵˵Ժģٲ˵ˣΪһ仰ģ屾ûȫãﾭסģá
ⲻף˵ȫΥĻҪ͸ңǻȥддˡ
ŶΪҿдˡӮӲת䣬ΪΪ
ܻǱȥʾͿʼܱʼ飬ֿд
ּһᣬ̵ͺûϢµ
ȥӮ֣佫ǱĲȥ
Ӯд棬Ҳû֣дֽ̧ͷѾָ糣
ϸۡͶ¬ˣɽӸһļ顣
¬ֻ챿ЩӲ⣬Щվ϶̬Ȳͬǽļϳ裬˳ţͬ齶ߣ»֣֮ǾΪ¬Ҳ˫ַǰ
ӮûкβԣⲻǷŻͶĿʱͣҽ¬ȥͶ̷һҶӣĸҵĲҵҲĸ׵ֱʣҲʲô£ò˼վͻᱻ˲³д˼һôĳʳͬ¬ĸȥӦĸ׽¬ţûعңĸ׿϶ǹˡ
ҪԭˣûؼңüˣŶܴĸ׼ҪŮԭüλֱӽĸ״ǰϵȥ
ϴ¬صֽͬд
ⷬͣŽӹǷļ顣
Ӯ˵ͼĬд飬еݲȤû͵˼ĸŮ强Ҫ˵һϹĻҲ̫˽ˡ
ûżǶ¬˵ȥɡ
¬ʶȤ˵棬⼸˲°ãԼҲܵõʹ͡
л˵
----------------------


7 
϶Ϊ֮ѯڹǷһаá
ҳֽ⿴һһ飬Ϥıʼ̲סᡣ
ǽ֪û棬ĸ᲻֪
ˣӮ̷ͷ¹ôˣʲôˣ
⿴ԼǻĺⶼûйԶŶסͷ
ȥҲ뿴㡣
ʹǰ֮ѷǱɿǻ̲סԼܹ裬Լ䵽ȫݱͣܲޡ
Ӯһ£СʵǲĲãﲻʹˣ
Ȼö˶˵ôǹҩһ
һǻ޴йƵýֱӸˣȥͳȥ
úúáӮҳȥˡ
ߵ׸ſڣͷ˻Լڱ⣬˵ţһôȱˣɻӲʻȥԼنһ䣬ֱӱɱˣԲһһͷĽԼŲȥ
ԶȥĽŲڱգ۾ۿڵˮµֻһʱڿߣˣǽҹǲҲˣ뵽⣬͸ܡ
ɽӳӮȥ鷿д飬·ȥ¬
ϣѪץסߵŮŮѳһǳɵţŮƱ˵Ǽ飬ŲѪŮߣ˵ڹߣѾֿˣŮѺǰͥȺʡ
Ӯ˰ż˭ԭһ֮һԹ輧òǣź˵ĹҲܾտףԺܵԭġ
Ժԭ輧ڴϵ𽵹Ļ棬ʮֱŮӮһƤ
ﻹĥΪʲôôʵûȥЩһǰԭЩ檺ܿܶǱļϸˣ첽ǰͥ
Ѫػ൱ԭ˽˾š
ӮϵǵʱͿʮͭͭʿΧסŮˡ
һòӯô컹ɴ£Ժڷ棬Ȼʤѩļ˵ĺΡ
ϡ
ӮŤԼˮ˹תֵ˵Ĺͷѹԭݵʯȹ¡
ӮֱŮȵ߸˶ֱ֣ܲ˵ľŮ˵ĽŮԼˣҪƲסԼĺ֮Էһȭˡ
ƲŮˣüʣѳżںδ
Ѫ׽йͣӺǹϵˣҲ֧ԭʿ֮һ
ԭֳԭģΪǻ⣬㽫ƷľٻɱٽԼ˲Ѫй͵ľס
̽żϣϣűŮѳġ
дһСƤϵģ˼ǡѾղͻȻƫ𲻽⣬оʮֿɡ
Ӯˣ˵оʮֿɣ˲ſɡ
ͰɡƤ޵ϡ
ϣ檡ԩİ޹ء
ǸŮ̱ڵͣ϶Լɡ
ӮšüëʹκˣմŮҪԹ//ԭߵļϸǿ϶ѾԾˡ
ϢҪǴԹʲôҲ֪϶û£ҪĲԼͽİա
ճȭָĴʹ
ʵҿһ
ʧɫϣԩϡ
ȥʣǰҪ֪
ӮԼĹϣΪԼ²ȥ֣ᵣԼԩ˵ڵǿЩ뷨ûУԺĶǰװȨıݵĶթԼͻȻãͿ־壬Ͼ˼ôࡣ
ȫĿӮΪѪȥԺѣŮūͶץʣٽ檴ȥȫĿãйĳ綼¶ţҲóô˻һļϸڹ
æЩ£ȻҲӰ죬鶼ûдֱƵʱֻ鷿ʽ
.
콥ˣ⿴˼⣬Ҳһȥ
ͷŪˣĲɵЩ˵ĸ첲ж
ˣӣǨŭӮҲܹ˭Ӯűÿÿﶼ
Ҳھ˵ԼӮӮǱһҲͬˣȽϣӮһֺͷȲϵġ
ʱӮǱԼˣί㲻ˣȥʣԵԼ벻Ƶģ᲻ãһϳϡ
Ůͣ۳Ų˵Ҳ˴
ŵҲʹλҲֻ˵ٵȵȣȵ˭㲻˵ҲƵģЩվ϶λʵҲˡ
ū澽˴ɣҲ÷ˡŮС
ϷԸķʳҩҪʱԣ¶ѾʱҪþ֪˶Ƿ̵Ĳܵ
ӮûһθڶûУڰŮȥ
ŮճȥͿΪϰµ¬
¬ӮĻ
˵ܹˣ뽫ȳԣص
Ѿǳȵˣǿʵҹһ
⡭¬֪λش𣬾Ҳûһ
·͸ǰ㣬֪ˣȥɡ
ЦԼЩյĳϦ鵱˶ȴ˹檽࣬Ƕֶη񱩾Ļģôʾֺ֭Ӯ
ǰûᣬӮ˳ȥЩݺݺܷŹᡣ
ָ̧ϵıͼδдı飬ζӳ£֪ԺӮǷҲΪֱ˻ٻдЩ
ԽԽܣϵĶһսӣȹοһŵˮա
θӿĶĸҲôѹסڳ϶
Ż
ŮŶæŵñɫ
ͷǸǰһȥҽһȥ֪ϡ
.
ѪϣӲ춼ܱÿŮĿڹǰʵӮİǰ
ûʹѳٿ֮лдϷԭҩ
ҩ˻֭ˮ֮ʹ񫣬䲻賤ڷã
Ӯɿݵ˻ϸⲻǸʱ/ôҲа
ҲùǲǼϸˣϸŪ£ִĻ˵ڷʮ˾͵ȥˡ
Ӯ˻غУɫ
ѣ¶һ飡Ҵ˲شߣץͣѰʯѣˮʪʯ٣ٴȥӺздģϽ߼̣Υ˽ߣط
ܸ㵽֣Ǿ֤ڳֺۣ˵Ķ䡣
ǣȥ
鷿ӮɫǴδйѿ
¬վҳ
ɽӴūͿ첽¬ԥҲûԷȥ
ϣͻȻŻ²ֹ
ʲôӮ̴վżæߣȥûУö˶˵ôŻ²ֹˣʲô
ѾȥҽҲʲôǡ鶼ѣһҲ˵ҲڽǰźҲδãǡ·ݴ˵ԵʣǰЩҲŻ¹һ⼸պˣ˭¡
ӮﻹŵɽӸϡ
žͿǰ֧룬ƣ㲣жǻѹ棬ŮҪһѷ
Ӯٹ˲ϱģܹȥ˱סôͻȻôкЩһ
Ҫ˵ͣڰգ£꺮ůο
л˵
----------------------
Ҹֶץסֻ֮ǰСèҲûץı죬»ÿ껨û껨Ҫɢ


8 
ûôҲˣֿҩ
ŮҩãӮڴιҩҩֿᣬζӮֱüͷ
ǰЩⶼǽҩȵģ׽Щڣջ֪
ֻҪ뵽ҪӮܣҲ۵С
ԼģҲ˺ܶ࣬΢΢Ե˵˲£ḁ֮̊́ķӦҲֵü˼
¿ɴСصʱˮ¡Ӯɿġ
ȻûӣҲ֪ڷӦжҪǰиͬ¾رڶԲ¶ǿҽԺӪҺȥģ˱ݣȺҲθڲúܣҲûãһֱã
˵˶뼸ҩҪ漸ƽƽ
ãȴ˵õʦڡ
ҪֻҪǶкôģʦҲԸ⡣
˵䣬һҩҲѼףݸŮӸǡ
ЩļȻ˵ģǵŮǵҲŰ֣ҲԼʲôԣ͸ˡ
۶⣬ǽ۰ŵģ̶ȿԼδ
۲һһһһУϲͬʱⲻ꣬΢չԼռжأӮ˵ܶҪȥǲˡ
뵽̲ס̾һ
Ӯʣ̾ʲôʲô£
ҲǴǷ鿪ʼŲԾģʱҲûдʲô
ᣬҡͷҲûʲôֻĸ˵Щûҡ
ڹҲһ࣬Ҳʮĸס
Ů˷˽ֻպ룬ڵ࣬Ҳûθڡ
ӮҴҴǣ˰ɣʲôѣٺЩͻؼҿȥҪվȥнĸ׹
Ȼϲ𣿡
ʲôеģǹ˭˵ְ
Ӯԭͷеˡ
԰ģĻ൱ʥּ
ԣҲ˲ôֱ࣬˽סҲ˵
һ£ͷԼǰ˶Ҳֻܿںڵĺףܶĳɢڴϡ
ҩŷıӣеκģԼǲεĲʵ
ЩĲиŬ㲻տʼųˣҲǣΣ֫Ӵжеģ΢綼Ҫۡ
˵ʵͦ˵ĺս󹦵Ů
ôˣ˵ͣҲ֪ķš
Ҫǰִ㣬Ǳüģһֱǰ⵱ÿûйǷ֮롣
ֱİڵСֱͨͨǴȴȳһŵӷɣѾʼԼȡˡ
⻹ǲ˵ӮȴоԼǰһʪ⡣
̽ԴϴԼⲻһֱ㡣
ˣʲôҿôͿ˰˭۸ˣ˭ίˣǲĸ۵ĳҲھ¡
ҲӮ룬ʵ֮ǰԭˣЩŰ⣬ȷԣĺܹ֡
Ҫԭ˰⻹֪ᱻڳʲôǸˣҪЩ˵
źŮȫ£ǺθҸλܡ
Ҳԩˣȥᣬ˵޹ء
ҲңӮҲǣЩŮȥȻϸ⣬ôޣһΪôˡ
Ϊ飬Ҳϸ˵ԭ˼ת
ӮǸӣץϹ£ǲǶӲҩ̫ˣ
̾ҪȥҵĶ
ʱûǣΨһĶۡ
æתβ飬ûвżˡ
ǡ
Ŵ˵ֻؿִżָӵ
Ӯ﷢ëʶԼж
ҡͷ˵˾䣺ûУֻǾá
Ӯһ£漴ЦɵϣҶòӦõΪް
˿̸ӵܶҲܸӮֻóĬĬ˵
˺ˣպҩЩõӮο
š⿿شͷӮԼǱӣֽ水ȣһΪˡ
ӮͷĦ˯İ
ů¯һᣬķ۴ҧɣҧ涼ҧˣҪƶҧѪ
Ӯʱ̧ͷС϶۵ܲˡ
ԥſڣҹɷͬ
ȿȡӮԼĿˮǺΪΪʲô
һ˵ͽ͡
ƲշĺΣҹܾ䣬˯̤ʵ
Ҳѣ˫ȵҹܾ䣬ôůͣǷҲ̫ܲã˺ҹԾɻ䡣
ǿҲڰҹˣžˣȴҪڽӮ/ҪǷڰǰҲ˵ֻ
ӮԼᣬ˼ⶼûǸ˼Լ˯Ѳůͣһ˯
˼һůͣǰѧУͬѧҲϷĶ̫䣬ѧУ̫Ϊůͻ˼˯
Щ߰뷨ϳȥˬӦðֻҪ㲻С
ҲһֹڵҽʲôֲǡŮ䣬Щ˵ס˿ڣǰ⣬оʱҲǷ¶޸ʿһԵΪϯΪҲûôֲǺܴ棬һҲɡ
ӮøвȫԷϸ£໹ӮһЩĿһµģӮͼʱ˵ҪƽҾ־Ҫñ˵ֻڹ̷ΧڣȻӮ滹仰ԭˣ˼ࡣ
һʼҲιЦ򵱳һιʼĳιܺܺƽ䣬ɵ˱λͿʼѹ佫ƳιԴ˻˵Ͽɡ
ԭ뷨ӮȻҲ֪˵ʵͦЦģ֮£϶˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴʲôİǶǾȶ֮йȥȥչ£Ҳⲻųԭ֮һɣΪҲ롣
˸/˯ʱ䣬Ѿóһλ
Ӯϴ֮ȥ֮Ӳĺر
л˵
----------------------
ˣһ׼ʱ
С٣ʵǾԼдĶһޱãʵڲдˡ


9 
Լᳳѹ⣬һӮֱͦͦ˯ģ羱һ͡
żвëСڻ˰ʱ̫ȭŵԻ⣬תӲʱŷſڡ
ʱ⻹δѣ߲߹ȥʣʱѵģϵ·ҲǶ޼вģͷ˼ëӣôʹô㣿úܣ峿ϸ㡣
ͷûѩҲûз磬ⲻ䣬кһˣŮ˵䣬ұղŴʽϡ棬дգҴδɷ˵˵
Ӯƻڣ̫ȭᲢã˸վľ衣
ⷴ׽˸֣Լĥ˰죬ٻŵĶǺ޲ھͺС
ԼСߵľǸǿǷ˵̫ȭר˸ǿУֻϧԼǸ˫ȲзϵķˣעԸˡ
ͷϥǣʧ䡣
ӮһĻҲܣ֤ģһ취κȡ
ԼĦЩգоöˣܲվҲҪ⡣
ӮǼᶨΨߣŲʲô죬ΪͲβȡ
˵ҪҼΣӮҪ˵ɽù緹ȥѰ򣬱˭ֻҪĶѰ˵нĸ뵽ĸŮžۡ
ԸӮȥ鷿
ѪҹڳѰ˻Ѳ֪һһӺоȻ֮ڷ˻
Щĵʳϰ廹˻͵͵ʳͣʳԷ⵱Ȼͻˡ
ѪѼĶӮɫʲôһ˵
֪ȥҲֻӲͷƤ˵һ˻ƳĻ࣬вʿӵܶʳͬƽȥ̶֧Ӻǣ˻ҲʱڳС
Ӽ˷ѵĻʵӮǰֻĴָͭУĸѾȥ룬ǳǳһںеףںڷйɳĴ̼ζţʳ˵˸ȼɢص㣬ƶˣƮƮɣѵõҩ
ӮЦƨҩôľǳѻ/Ƭ
ɨϵȫץ
ͷҲйϵӵܣҪǶץû彻
ԥӮָû棬ʣô
ϣʳĶʿӵܣ⡭
ԼϣԭһģѪк绽˾ЩƮƮȻԸȥִӮΪʿӵʳ಻£۹ʳҲһݵץҲʿ彻
˵⻰ҲѹĪҪΪһ͵ʿ塣
ɹͲ֪ǰѾԭˣ漰/ںѻ/ƬʶDNAӮѼʿӵܷʴ˶ûãЩ˱ץ
ָỮϵ֣˵ΪѣҾͽԪ졣
Ԫǹ͵ȴֵʮͣȴΪľɲûеõԭãҲһֱѹŶԷԼķͷ
ȷŮ鱨ľԪȴһ˶ռˡ
Ӯǲԭ̯ӣȴû۾û˽µСһ
̧ͷǲҪ̧Ԫˣ
ӮҲףһź¬ʶ*ȤȥԪ
żˣ̱ʾϣҡ
ʱԪѾˣһ׳ĺӣżʮصͭ·Ƭϡﻩ졣
ӮͣȥԪһ̧־ץס
ȥϵץء
ǣԪʶʣȥץˡ
Ӯıֺ⣬ŻͷһҪҪѪһְԪ
ԭģʿΪҲôҲƫʿ壬ɲߣܽķ
һߵĹɫ΢䣬ݺݵ۴ԹȥԪ
ҲȥɡӮͷ֣Ҫ͵Ļȫ˻ȥ
ͲҲû취ֻ˳ȥ취ֻعġ
.
󣬳ͣڹ⡣
ūͷ½ŵʣŮƿһλŻ
ſڵ¬ǰΪ·ū
ףȹ̨ף̧ͷ۸ϵҶŭ۵
λˣĸףӺϵ¡
ȥźƼңΪһŮֻϧսֻʣôһŮȴȦ衣
Ϊһĸףβޡ
ǰЩչŮ飬ԭǲŵģŮҲУҲȷʵŮıʼɲˡ
˼̣žռ¡⡯⡣
˵ĶһˣǺ񣬽ٺʲˣ̧۸Щ֮͵ʿ壬Ϻ϶׬
ΪҪȥǱȴֱӾŮס
˫վŮ·˶ʱᣬС
Ҳû뵽վܼĸף֮Ҳ˲ѣ˽ĸ׻þò
ǼСŮСͽСǰĸ׻ֳ
ĸ׺úƣôݳˡ·ϣֹסĿޡ
ĸŮò׼棬ⲻĸΪԼģٲҪǿſοҲĸײΪҵǣһжãĸף׷˺Щ
ĸŮ׸С˵ָ̧ĸޱߵİ׷ҲȦ
ײţԼֳ㣬ȫĸһ֧ţжҲ֪
·ǿЦڵˣôܲͷ
Ů΢΢¡С·˸ʹѵ
ŮԼϵ⣬β֪Ů֮Ǳãӻ֪
뵽˴·ͻȻǱǶϲϴҹõģԼһŮٲöģߣѪĺӼλĴӹײĳ
䣬ûסЦĸס
⻰ҪӮɫ֪ྫʣֻҪǸҪЦͣ
·ŮĶͷֵ⺢²Ǳĥɵˡ
ĸףŮûɵסԼĸ׵֣ŮĺܺãҲĹˣҺķӾǾĥġ
ͼͱ¹شûѡĸ˵ӮĿǰҲĸ֪
·˰Űɣ棿
ȷʵǺǰһˣҹͻȻѪȫѲ˻ץôЩˡ
ĵͷ·˲Ÿҹշڳе¡
ץߵЩ˴ʿӵܣѪ˵Ƿץˡ
⻹治֪˵Ӯôȥ鷿ԭΪЩ¡
л˵
----------------------
ֻ[ī]


10 
ͷ˵Ӯվⶼûҽȥ
ԭµȴõĸжԭҪŮһĥԻöԷϡ
ҲǷҪĸײɣӹµתȦӮʹ㵱ͷڹ꣬ƫƫʱźŮͷվſڶһæ
סѾ֪ˣҲֻһӲͷƤȥ
洩Ǻɫ۷ͷǴĽȹϵ˿׺ͱʯںڶƣٸ̣Ρ
ԭԭɫڵǻȻһ£ѩݰף˿ȥ֮ǰиӡ
Ӯǹ˶Ӧ񣬿·˷ǵû񣬻һ׶ƵֱӮ޲ܵ͸üѪ
ԭļй·˵Ļ棬λϵĸŹŮ¼޵ҵġ
ȻҲʿ壬ŵڻϸЩҲԭһٽȫȴɵϵԭ
·ҪŮԭҲֻ˽߶ѣֵǴ·˲㱻ϵʾڡ
ʱϼϢͻٸϵԭһͨԭҲûôֻܱϼСˡ
ĸûвţбȨ֣ԭԲôԴ⡣
ԭʿַֻһ壬ϵʧȥɽԭꡣ
ӮֲԭʱҪĹҲΪӦǰû취Ҫǲű˾;ë
ﶼԼˣ·ǳóȸСԺִᶼ١
Ϊ˻ΣߴգվúЩˣ𣿡
ʱũҵֲʵ̫϶ʳٵÿɸΪ֮ŪЩɿڵķ˸Ҳס
˺üյĶѿԹˣ⻳кζ͵θҲŻ¶ֻˮˡ
ĸ׵棬ЩΪ飬öˣҲû¡
ӮŷģֳεĵͷҲǴк˰ɣ
·˲ûΪ̬ȵĺת͸ɫԼŮ˫Ȳ·ĲмһѸĹֲġ
˭֪Ⱪ«ʲôҩ˵Ƿ곡ϷԻҲδ֪
Ӯ汩ЩίҲʮֹⲻȥֲôʱΪӮ˵ĸܵȥĸûӮɫĸ׺ġ
Ӯĺ壬ظһĵǳЦʾԼ⣬ƽЩġ
͵͵Сûӵù·˵۾˵ϵ֣оǰʮİ˸Ƶġ
Ų˵Ҳֻ죬Ӯ𶹸̵⡣
Ҳ˵ģÿ춼кܶ˶ſڵ򶹸³ĶɶƤܻӭ
±ɣã͹ȥķӣӹĿⷿùȥģ캮±ɾ͸ܻӭ
˵Щ·˵͸ˣû뵽ֵǮĴ󶹾ȻŪô໨
ҶҲΪ򵥣ؼֻ±ˮû±ˮ̲ɶҲΪʲô̵⣬ȴֻ
̹վ׬˰ٽ𡣡·˵˸
ʱûͳһĻң֮ͨҲΪͽ𣬻ﻻͺñ֮ǰ񻻴һ
̻ͨͽΪٽʱҲǷǳɹ۵һʲƸʿ岻ȱǮҲ𾪶Ȼô׬Ǯ
⻹һӣҪٶ࿪䣬̶Ӵȥս𶼲ڻ¡
ⶼȣ׬ôࣿ
·˵ͷ˵游󶹸̵Ҫɣ߳ɸϣ㸸ײź˵ҲԽѣ߳˺Ҫûƾܡ
û˵ӮĹûӮϵĹ͡
ӮεͷβԼ˭ԭݣҲֻˡ
ԭЭҲ뱣ȫˡ
һ̲סۣͬʱԭˣʲôƨûУͻᣬͺɨǧͳһȥڼ۸ʲô£۸ĻΪ¹պսĴ󽫾ֱ̫Ƕˣ硣
ҲˣѾʹĸ׼̫ãѹ̫ѪԲԸͷֵܽöץЩ˵رأֻڴϿҩˡ
ĸףɡ
ҲþȨȥΪЭ˾ܱȫ壬վ棬͹˱Ҫһľġ
ֲֻж⣬бģ󶹲Ҳե͡Ӯ˸ӡ
ȷʱĴ󶹳ʸ߲ߣܱûǿȱˮֳԲ⣬е㶹ͳҲ
ޣֻܾ㿿׵ĶΪոϣʱİܹĺһ㣬һλӢ쵼ˣǱС
ͣ·û
Ҳһĺ棬ڴڴߴ˵
ӮҲӣ˵˵ģֽдե͵ϸԼõĹߡ
ͼˮƽǲܽϸڶһ۾ͶֻҪե͵Ĺܳϵե͡
ȴůҲ˶ҶʣܲܶŪЩũӣϰտĸֲܳԵĲ˶ˣ͵ôֳˡ
ٰյҲûôˣʳΪ죬ϰܳԱ˹ҲܷչԶĶɡ
Ӯ߻ȫԼҪҰ취ִ£ĶôܾԼʱİչϺ
ͼֽɣ·˾㽫ͼֽͷֽϻľǻأɽͱˣӺҲֻЩľͨѡ
Ӯûע·ȵĿ⣬īɣȻŽͼֽ⡣
ǴˣתֽͼֽԼĸס
·˶˵ˣģΪβգֵĶͱҪȥ
Ӯǳ顣
ˣͼֽҪģǽ֣ԼֱӸĻᱻԷϲȼš
.
ҽңɳȥ˵Ҳûл½ˡ
֪ѰҽΪŮ壬·˵ɫ͡
ۿɫ·˲ڹ뿪
Ӯ¶ᣬĸŮδ϶кܶ强Ҫ˵㿪Ҫ˼ڹסٻȥҲûʲô
ⲻϹء·˶ӮҲֺɫˡ
ӮͦڲٶԼëˣ˶ģûʲôϲϵģҲá
⵱ȻϣĸԼ˵˵ô˫۾ڶŹĸȷʵ
Ӯ̾ķ⽨ᡣ
л˵
----------------------
껨ڹˣ˭ؼҾͿſڰ˺üֻּ飬껨ץ󻹵ÿ㰡ָϣûմͷ


11 
ݻ뿪ѹ·Ļѩ֨֨
һǣ·˴쿴ӭ漲ѪΪ׵ȴΪצĹͣһݸˣʮʿӵܣϵĽлմཬͻѩɢϻбŹµٺۡ
Ѫ복ܲϵԪɨ۳ϵգʹϳϵĳݣҲûжͣӿٶȴ˷ع
ѪڳץʳʿӵȻ󲨣ϡϡϡϡ⼸λӮ
ץʿӵľ⼸ģϡϺκ֮ѳֽȨԭҪâϺͳͬС
Ӯ͸ͬʱս壬ⶼ֪˵ʲôá
䣬ҲΪͷۣ²ˣӦ֮ߣ
˶Ҳаյ蹦Ӯɽӷһ㶼ûżҪȥ˼
⣬Ԫϵò
ԪѪ
ѪԪܱһľɲôϵãԪӪķëȣܵ죬оʱ鴫͡
Դ˺˽⣬ǾͺðˣΪѪףأ
ҪԪ⾪ȣǹأϣ㡭Ǳ״͵ְ֮ҪߣȥѪץ˹ϵˣ˺ˡ
ǹμֶ
Ӯָһ°ͣЦʲôܳҲɡ
յĿڷȻԭΪ˵ġ
Ҳϸǹˣ꺢ߣʱӦҲܰԭµ̯΢ʰĺõٽ⣬Ͳô
û취ˣ˭⣬Լߺٱ˺ϻ۸
֪ôڲЩø˵ӡ
ҡҡͷֹ̫ˡ
ʿ忴ӵʵֻҪҶʿ棬Ǳض϶Ը㣬оʿУũҲΪʿūۣһ֮ǿ⣬ʱܿգڹڣ¾
ôݰӮ죬Ҳû£ѾȥǼλˣˮڣҲΪҾˣҪǣҲգøǵ㿴ǸҲλӣҪǲҾ͹ԹԸһߴȥ˭ڲҾѪɱ˭Ǳбûԡ
ϱͷã˵ϲŭ޳ôƽ˾˰ŭЩ˿
ۼȰΪżĵӦӳ飬ҲŻ㣬Ļġ
ӮˣڵҰ
ⲻϳϣüһ壬Ӳ˭ˣҡ
ӮֱҡͷӲŮţԼ/ͬ˯ˣ˵˺Щַϡ
ģιһŶ衣
һ㶼ţµֽ߬š
ҹȥ˵ʲôҪ̫˯õҡ֮ǰ
ĵĻʺ˵ڣֻţǳɫĴҧķ˺죬Ȩòд˼ͳȥ
.
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ӮҲǵһ֮ǰ鷿ȥ£鷿кܶĳ˿ԾùǰͥţҲ˵µĵط
ôʱ仹ӰЩס̧ۿ˶¡
εϼһλòĸˣ·£ȴѾ֮һ֮һ
֮ϱû䣬λԶʱֱ¼μιйԻͣϡϲ䡣
ϺκԭҲ䣬񱻼ˡ
ֻϴĪ˵䣬䶼ѣļҲãΨֶͱУΪѪס
ֻΪ֮׾൱һĻǹӺǣʵķȱԹϽܷһ¥м
Ϊ˹֮¶ڱѪץߵǼӵܣģѪֻץֲɱˣһվͷų
˿϶ҲΪ²
ǰЩд˵裬ȥϸֽۡ·˽ǰ뿪쳣µ˲òŽ֮ǰ̽ڷ硣
˳裬ƾıδزƱȨʱҪˣλļһܲˣϸǻᱻһš
˷ж֮ϼԽκϼκϼ빫ͬС
׵Ŀȥ궬ͻӪϵĺƤкͭƳ˫࣬ǶĲǷŵ͵ԲӤȭͷҹ飬貣硣
¶һҹ˼֪ԣǰȴֵ
׺ʹ󼪲棬ζһδ
һ廷ײĴ죬վӮ롣
ȹ̶̹Ӵĵ̺һɨεķ֣ӮûģԭǸаһЦŰ࣬Ƕ˶֮λҵĺĮֲϵɨȥѹȸ̩ͬɽѹѹͷϡ
ͷ𣬷ӮϿ¹
Ӯǹǰ޹֮󣬷Գ˥
ΪȴˣҲ̫ˣҲҽԼ㵽֮ˣ¸һֻ
ʵҲ֤ӮŰ޵ûԺľϸ
춼ˣӮҲûϻֱ˵˵ãҪ֪ͨǡ
Գƹ£ӮƽʱϰԳƣҪԭЩˣװģҲѧѧ˵ر֣סˡ
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ֲõԤУ˵ǣ
Ӯ֪ԭļ¼Ǹϼ˵ĳǸӡ
½ѪץʮʳˣֻҪһξͻ񫣬ѽò˶ʱʳ֮˾ͻᱻͿ壬ɽʣһƤĸʬ
ʱûоѻ/Ƭս֪ⶫΣֻ֪׷ʳ̵ƮƮ/ɣЩʿӵܣǽΪݵץʱڸġ
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һݡ
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ݺΣһɨˣŭΪ֪кȴֹ˾ʳ»δ׷ʧ֮ǵ飡
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ˣ˼[ʮ]


12 
ȷ¶޷òóһ¡
ΨйɫЩá
ԤıѾԹ̶ӽһ»࣬δüӺ
䲼ȥͳ˽Ʒ
ķԣɿ˶Լֲðͷ
ԭͶʳ˺ܲϲҲΪ飬ضᴥһЩ˵棬òԡ
ϣ¹ش󣬻ټΪáκ
ǲͬǲӮûʹͶ´¡
ӮΪջıȨѡϡκϺѹһ壬ƻɹӮ弫ΪΣǲ˺ϷԣΪоͳӺ
κԽҲκϺܷػĻᣬҲƾ£γϡκϡϡϡϷͥľ档
ûӮκ¶ϡκϺᣬȴû֪ǿ֪ͨѪץˣκûбҪѹĪҪӲš
ǺܷԹϳֵģǸϡκϡҲֱᱻϼܿա
κвӮҲѣ˵ˣ֪ͨǵ
κɫ΢䡣
¸߬еĹףڸոգ֪ӮϵĹ֮ǰʢ
гԵø壬Ϊı棬ȳԵϣôã˻ǴϷشԭ֮ʹ񫣬侫ǲҲȰĪҪմȾСʵڲݰԣЩ˵Ӻ;ܽ޷ʵԾϣָԸΪʹԱġ
ӮЦû뵽ԭһֱǱĳ쾾ȻǸܻԹɫƨĶֽɫ
Ȳܳⷬж棬̬ˣ϶ҲͷӰװ׵ˣô϶Ҫģֳ
ã˳쾵ģ±㽻ɳѪЭ
󣬹Ҳһϴδ䡯쾰֮Ҳֻϴץסλùδزܲһ䡯
֮λ룬һֻҪҫＸֺη
κҧ˳һۣϺ꣡ƽʱӴ򲻳һƨյˡ
¶쾣˸˼ֻƥ͡
ĳ쾻֣ҵģʵֻó쾼ɵҪһκϺϿ˵ҲΪĵʯ
Ӯһ£ѪԪΪף͸֤µĲ롣
ղŵĽֻͶƽʯӣնλƽȴͬʯֱ룬ˮ˶͸ˡ
ǹΪ˵ûصӮΣͻȻ֪׻ˣЩѪ
ϣʧ̬
Ӯֽһ򶪵űߣԼǹϸɵĺ¡
Ԫľɲǿô̵ʱھͽʿӵܼ䴫˸װס
ΪԼ˸ɵû֪ʵ类Ԫˣ֤֤Уʾ
չ򣬿ݺģһѪ
˲Լ壬˹ڵϺԩϣ³֪
¼˶ӣüͷһ𣬲֪дʲôŻù˾š
Ӯþͽĳ쾽ӹȡĿ
Ҳ͵ۣδ֪ȫòǿܣͨСһ亹
ͨУ
һĿʮУҲϣ¶Ҫ飡
ȻҪģӮٴɨˣȫȻ״ĳ쾣˻𣬱һɳز壬ô©
쾾Ϊ֮һ񣬸У
ǳϵĻҺղһ
κԽԼʧװóƥ򽫹ߡ
ϵľӮŨڵıŰ֮Ǵ֮ףɺ֮н͸ȥ֮һԡ
ڵأ亹ӶϵҰֽ
ȥϴľλϲ鹫һ塣
䣬̱ĹͱѪȥںͽۣ˫ϡ
ſ˹žѣ󺰣ϣϣϷŹˣ޹ϣ
Ӯɫδģ޹͹*ֶǿռءŮһѾ죬ǲϲ飬ôԵЩ޹ˡ
ջߣҲˣձ㵽ɣչ»ٹ븮̹֮
µ˷׷׵񣬲а̬֮λͻȻĹ뿪ͥ
֮ҲҴҷؼУūȥгǰԲߡ
Ǹ˵ģһҹߡ
.
Ӯصɽӣ⻹δ˯ڵ°ŪЩˡ
ҹ˹߰۾ãСĵý۰
ȥǼµĿ佻쳤ֹҵϣ˫ַŵ̿¯Ͽů˲ȥ֡
ȻǱģ¯һȥˣǲ
⽫ԼΪۣ
ܴӮʴʣԼǰδġ
ۼӮ˸ܶĽͣʲôģ壬Ҫ۾С
ȻҲй˫ۿˣҽβá
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ӮɴñֽϻʵҲѣͷҿܲŪ̱ʯҪŪҾ۾棬Ŵ󾵺Զ
ȻܶഩԽĶдˮͲʲôģŴ۾ƬȫòȻʯ̱ʯȽϳ
ʵռʵո֮ſʼģƲѶȺܴһսѶȡ
˵Щǳֺڴ¶СȸԾͼֽϸպãСﶼѾˡ
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ںܶ¶Ҫע⣬ʱûпѧ̥ʶʵڲģÿζԼ
ҲԼ࣬岻ûŸжǣڲ£·ٴЩ˸ܡ
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Ҳһϡ
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Ӯ˵۰ͰͿ
˫΢΢󣬡ֱӶ˹ϴľλ
š
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˵ôûйӿңԭŴƵɽµˮˮˣӣΪûͷˡ


13 
ֵշת೹ҹߡ
Ӯ˯ǳԱߵһˣԺжǣǲǶӲѹˣۣ
˵žҪʵԼѾ۾ˣҪȥͭơ
æס˵ûвæˣ¡
ޡӮģɻرѣ˳ֽǺãŹǷ˵ҹ˯ȥʲôأҲûЪϢۣʱҲˣϽ˯˼ˡ
иڱ˱Ѿůģüչڻ谵̡
š
۾Թ˯¡ԲƤ
¸ߣֱǸů¯ӹǴǰʶ߿±ߣ˶ˡ
ʵóЩ׽ƤȻҲԭƤִʱҪװ֪Ȼ㣬ȻӲĳ̶ȣ϶ҪŤŤȥ
ֽ§˸ѹжֺƣĺ󱳣ĺף庢Ƶĺ˯
ͻȻ˼²Ű
ԺȫԼŰĻ棬ΪӮ󱳵ĶĺͿ־ˡ
šü촽Ҳһߣðŷ̲סЦԼնӮͶͱˣͬߣôҹˡ
Ӯ룬̲סڵҡ˯š
շ˺Щ£˯Ҳޡ
ﱧŸӢŮӮֱŮЩƮƮȻǰΪʲôŮҲ̸ɶ̸ģھе㶮ˣڻѲĶ˵˻ĺܺñ
ǲǣ
Ӯһ˿ĵͳȴ⣬ˮģůЩӲıǽʻ
㡭֮̾㱾Ե֪鲻ȥܵģֺα˻ˮ
ӮһֱҪȥġߣҲ˵ҪɣԸ⻹ȡΪ˵ףʹӮ뿪Ҳܵġ
ڽѡʵ˼λ֮ȨҲѳ֣볯ҪôǰվӣҪô⡣
Ϊ֪·ѣԼҲûаգӮմЩ£˭֪ӮôеֱԹͽľλˣõĻѹͨЩնӮһ飬֪ǺʱյЩ֤ġ
ӮǷ۽ǶˣĻϲ˼ˡ
ҿԲܣһֻ۱һֻҲܹȥѾҵĵˣͲܲܣõҲҲҪܡ㲻֪Ǹطֽѻ/ƬǰǴ˵Ķʳѻ/Ƭ񫣬˾ͻ˲˹
⽲ѻ/Ƭսͻ̣˵ִĽȡ
񣬺ðŻȻԭˣô˵ЩԹ˲ǵΪ˻û˽ýΪԹֱܳ룬Ѵ֮Ӻǡ
ӮϿƶϣͬʱҲʳ񫣬Һѽ֢ʱײϣ蹷ʱֻҪ˿ϸһ㻨ʲôӦԻͲˣʱֺֹܺǽ˵˻ͻ඼ϷǸʲôطôרŪЩ˵Ū˿϶Ҳ֪ȻҲشԭҿԹϷĵطضǱΪ顣
ֻϧԭļûйϷģҲ֣ô˶֪˻ϷԭļһƬհףɾһ
谵ĳ£ΪӮ˻󣺡ϷһСʢʱ̶ԭأʱϷ˺Щ滨챦ͷһĳޣϲӴ˱Ϸԭ̡ͨϷó׹ҩ֮ܳȥϷҪҩʱҲˡ
ţ
Ӯ£ôҩȥˣԭļҲûΰbugԭbug
ºˣ˯ȫûˡ
ɵǵʱĺϼȡûȡسҩͲö֪ˣһǴʱùãʶ֮ףӴ֮λǺһ壬Ҳĸ㡭λԺ϶ȨǳͿʼԼţϡκϺƺϣλͳ˺вɱǿȥһضᱻѹƣԱбԸˣϼΪһ岻˥㰵˸¶
û˵꣬Ӯ͵ʲʲô
д棬ѹ˻ȥҲûѻĴ˦ȥȱŵģֻԼ˰ظȻǱ⾢ϢŵĲᡣ
ɵҪѹԭмģ¶ʲôȫûӡȫհףȻԭ֪֤ûа¶ô֪ģ
ͷĴˣȻλҲɵ
ܻ谵ȴܾ׼׽Ŀ⣬˫۾ڻ谵жӣ¶ֲʧòЦ˻ȥٱ㡣
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ر𲻷ЩԹ
ҪǻӮ˫ֺԩֲÿգҲûԩ
ĲɼҷһֱǸŭӢˬĴ󽫾ֻΪҶϷûһӡⲻӦðҺ¶ôû
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ҩòǣ
Ӯһ뵽ľǳҩҲԣҪǳҩϲøԣ˭볤
Ĵ˷һЦȻǷǷΪ׷оͰ˽ˣ޲Լܻǧ꣬˶
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ԣӮĸһֺܷŭϾ㱻
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ֺbugٸģĩţżæŵɶ࣬£øˣС컨ûϣ껨[ʮ]


14 
ҹ˴ѩӮڴﶼѩƮ
˸Ƿߵ⻹˯Ʊ´ĶرС¾⡣
˴ޣײ˯ˣ˯ᣬԸŮýϴˮ˽׸ϴҲһ
˯ڶị̂Ҳ糿𴲣ɵӣ㻻Ҳûиı䣬ʱҲʱѡ
ѩڻϴʱȭѩ㵽Ժȥ
ɽӵԺСѩһ½ŵĵضûУʹҪҪطס
ʵԭǸ޾ӵԺӾͺܲԡأеů紺ֻج֮أȥסӦ
Ѱ˼ɽԱߵС԰Ҳǿţ罫мŵǽˣϲһ괺ůЩľɽӵĵطܴЩҲó
û취캮ضûʵˣսĬڶսոڼè˭
ȭҲȳһͷݲ˲
𣬻ڴѣ㷢ɢֳ˳һ
һżõüۣͦ΢򣬷ϸ壬ͬϺõĴϸΣҲǺÿġ
Ӯ̲ס࿴ۣÿĴ˾͸ñŻŲŶԡ
ֻҪԭĥЩ棬ɫͺѿӴⲻܷŹ
ƥ򵱳QΪԼֶӹͽһֱΨ˲ùʿС
ⱻĲڣ˫̣תȥãֽһ٣̶ס˲֡
ʿŮ볯˾βݣɱ븮󣬱Ϊ㲻췢٣òϵҹ輧ɫ˵ģӮ֮ŲϵʱὫ١
ӮֱŮǵûӣֵߵܹȥһƨ£ԼĴչȥʹ䣺Ǻÿĺܳ㣬ͷȥⷿЩõĸ
ҲӿⷿùģʱҲûô࣬Ǿճװ̫ؾЩŽԭⷿĺöȫҲǻַʽˡ
ⱻĺԼȷʵǽղŴ
δԾϸ̧Լȷÿô
Щ⣬סͬʿһҲ˲ЩСŮ˼˼Ҳܼ򣬲еļϲ硣
ĸ׻ڸǿպ󲻺Ѱ룬Ҫ̾컯Ūˡ
ӮͷȻÿ㲻ÿ˭ܺÿ
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ޣӮԴӣԼҲˣȻԺýòѵˣȡҲͬˣֱܹȵ߸˶ֱ
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Ӯ飬ֻƱ˴ţµض۰ԭ
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ִһЩܳʱûУһֱĿڸرʵЩ㣬Ӯϲԡ
֮ǰŪ˽;ʵѣԼҲȻÿһСڶ컹ܽŷ͡
ַŻʳͷӱȵȣͦóԵģвľȱˡ
ȱ⣬첻ţ⣬ȻɱĲǸţ̶Ӵⷷţ򣬽к̣ͨòҶΰͻţ
ԣӮڿţͷθ
ҲԹˣնƫ嵭ķʳθҲ֮ǰС˺ܶ࣬ûŻ¶õˣǲôԣֻϺθڵĲųԼڡ
ҲӮԸµģóӱŪЩӾЩ۶ѿ
ըǲ壬ۣڸһζҪСײҶӡѺСлˡ
Ӯ߳Ա롣
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ҪҪһȥǰͥЩ˵ʲôԼ޾λΪɾܾȽŲ㣬ֻУǰ¶档
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һдϼģ˽ˣûס֣ǺǷһҲûˡ
ΪԼģӮرˣֹ̧һıͷ
ŵģǳᣬʲôµġ˻ͻҾò˭ҷԣ³͸һҲ£¶ȡжˣڷվ⣬ҪҲŶԣ϶Ϊ֪ˣ˵ʱ䶼û˯þ
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Ļʵͽֻƭ˵αװ費СĲȵצӣ໽Уȳ·رңΣ͸ԣ綼ȳȣ۵İҪҽˣΪȶˣҴ򿪼һû˵ĽϴûһȳȵļֻҪһװȳֺݼƭ˺ü⣡


15 
ľǳˣվԭλЦһ仨
ɫ㲣˫۲Ѫ˿
ҹԼڷԣʮֲʲôǴװŴ󼪣Ϊһδ˥֮ԶˣζŴӽսʱ̤һԨŤת
ͷԱߵĺţߴðбĿ񣬶ҹ֮ƺġ
ߣϺ꣬Ϊ֪ҹȥ豣鷿̸á

µ˼ϣ˵ľҲΪ֮һ񣬷׷װλվá
۲ȹӮϸüۿʱ͸⣬λ֮ϣɨˡ
ȭڴ߿һ˵ǰЩչȾ˷纮£ںˣЩҲúúõ˵˵֮Ѿ֪¾ͲظˣǰҪʳһ£ѴȥˣִӺطϣɲֻӺǣ
Ⱦ纮ǸڣһζûټЩˣʱ䳤˻ɡ
֮¾һʴˣͷֹⷸˣ볯Ĺ˱ضǣǿճľλҪȥɣѲȫóƥռȥ
ûᣬҲһ˿ڣԼСǴʱҲû֨黢ολϲŭ޳ģűϳȥ˵Ķ֪йˡ
²һȿ
Ҳǹһ棬ʿûմģʳൽûγɷ˾ǽˣҲûֻǶϿЩͬ
еӮҹɫģɾݣǸʱڽѡصе
дʱڱϿ˶ֱҡͷϿѱԺЩʿӵܲ͵ʳҪԼ̣ʿضԡ
Ȼ豶ü游յŮ飬˼ãȥ·ˣѯ·˵֪СȷΪ谮ͬճ᲻ϳϺҲ˵ˡ
׳ϸƣԺ˵Ǵҽټϡϡϣ˭˵һĿȻµֻܼβˡ
ϣ᲻̫ϿЩ
˷䣬Ҳ׷ԭĳ˲ɲгȫ
ûг¡š豺ͳ쾣ǰڳ˼ûǰײڣߴҷӵӮӮû
ӮҲûֹۣյĿţ俴ƻЦеǰϼҴƹܿһԺΨһþǹ۵Ŀ񺺼顣
ó쾽ǰʵս£ˣ
ƨƨ߹ȥղûҵ˵Ϊء
ֲЩˣ뿴쾴ͳһ
漰˲٣ʿӵܡ
Ѿ͸ĺˣ˻޹ؽҪϿѲҪȵʳ/Ʒžء
˲䱩ˣˣ𳳳ˣʲôɳģʳ񫣬ԼȥץˣһûڶˣҪǲϳͣ˻Ὣ£ֻ棡
˲һ˶ͷȥ
ʱ豲վ˵ϣôãΪлϷк𡣡
ﲻͬһ£ȻӦ˲̨ҪôҲڵµΡ
ٴλȻ豾Ȼԣ̫߳ˣϻƽʱרŸϳġ
̻ͷ豣ⱻȨΪ˺Ͼ͸϶Ÿɣ˷
뵽֮ǰĴţ²ɵ߬ȭͷǵóˣһҪƣ豿϶ǵõŻվ֧֡
ϵĴ״ǲָľϽЩյĲͬѰ
ȷռûٸָʾڲκѡѡˣһᱻԨ
ϣҲ顣Ҳվ
䣬ĻʹӪ˵ͬڳй˶ͬ⡣
ʼδģٿصţϺڸʲôã
ŵû˵ˡ
Ӯ𴽽ǣλѡֵͬƱӦòͶƱ˰ɣ
ĿתƵϣȶԷ̬
´δе˽ţϸܵ亹Ժȫ󣬵׸ѡ
ȫ֧־ϲŶԣź豷Եضͬԥˣļȼ尾κ誸û
Ƭ̣¶˾ģֵϣҲ顣
ѡ
˻һ䣬κɱĶУǾԼˣˣˡ
ӮǸˣãǾôˣ
ȻеССĲۣ˳
֮һЩϸˣӮУԼ˵࣬Զȳǳٸô
һճľλϴ׼쾵ġ
ҪԼţ쾾ͦã*顢ʶȤϡеʶҲʲôëˣѾϴˣûٸ
ҪܲܰãĲãδزԸиһλӡ
Ѫ׶Ԫճһȱ
һȦһϵ˶ûС
ԭǸϾɱ
벹Ҳֱ˵úź豿Ű죬˾ëˡ
豷ǳлϣ
ȻҲΪı϶ԲȫԴϡѡʵ˽Щȱ
ӮϰѿڶлˣҺüʱɲס
ȡ£¾Ȥٰһݣμӡ
ݵ½¡
ݣ»ǵһ˵ܿͷӦɵü
Ӯû©ŵı飬Ϻ궼Ҹԭ¶ͷ֪ӦúһҶ󣬼ƺҲδɡ
֮ǰ⽲ִĴıϰʲôĲ뵽ģҲʹһˣԾԾԣ޲Լϳ
ŽξݣЩͱ鶼ʵ֪һֱػսģҲǰԷʵԸˡ
ͳӺҲ֧ӵսΣͻӪô˵ǰľɲɨǧɱԭڳɷϲˡ
˵עҲӮ˵ľӮóһͼģرϸִЩµͼԶʱȴ˲õı
Ŷ˲ϸ½ϾͬŴյǰ۾ͼͲˡ
治еΣӦ󷨶С
ͼǱͼͼ
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Ϊû뵽ˣ


16 
С棿豸ԼɽЦеʡ
˭óϵĵ⡣
Ż磬ڱϸͣͼΪףþϳ谮Ĵű㲻Ǽٵˡ
ѹϻ˷֪ƾͼþϻģֹʣҫˡ
ºͺŶ¶ƵϺϱ͵жԣ»ӦҲ
ЩԹ豲ҹ̸ͼֻ֮δᣬ϶ǷȻˡ
豵ûλͬҪɱЦпӮϵЦݶɵ˼֡
˵ԱͻȻСΪͼ˵ùȥˣιҰģֻǶСݲ¹¹ȻѹһͷΪĴ֮ˡ
óͼӮԭͦԼ¶ڣɿΣȺ˶Ϊͼ׸ġ
ºˣȲĵܽ˸һ֧֣ԺҪǻȥˣ̯ҲЩ
½ͱ߾ķ⡣
ͼͳͼͬԼĥǸе鱨οһľγȣٽɽɵ㡢ǳԼֲעǾָͲ䣬ÿ߾Ҫ˱
ЩʱûУͻӱͼõЩҪǻڣĻҲܲסں䡣
˵ͼ˵ǱͼжѾö˵ˡ
Ϻ궼ʧ̬ССͼ꣬ۿ죬ݺᣬﻹдʡ
ͳӺͼļֵͬʱҲɻ󣬡Ǻ
ָĻͼꡣ
ҲͬɻֻûȿʣʵѾ浽ץӷˣˢˢӮ
ӮҪľӦõ汾³ôסȺϺꡣ
ȣȭڴߣǻڣˡ

˽һ±ƣڣΪڣкã㵹˵
ӮҲΣ뷭ۣô˵˵Ǿܶ
û취ˣ˻ɽӽǼܿ챻ɢܵСģù
ľͷ̵ģܡҩҡβУרŵڳֻû䱬/ը/ʯ
֮ǰ͸רĥ߰˸ԲСʯȥ˾񵯹Ƶķɳȥ
ʾһָͷôʯֱǶǽڣɱǺǿġ
ڼʶִȽӮ˵ľͷƵСǸСߣҲصŪģͻоо
ŪһװѪȥ֮Ѫͽ⣬˭ָӾûں䡣
۵Сںŵȴǵ߸ԵĴɱѻȸȫסˡ
ɫף־ͬʱԼղûѡ
˫ȭգɱң
쾸Ǽϵˣһ㶼ΪκϺϣ㽫ȫҲ£Ϊ˳һ壬ҪϵĴȣ
ûӦ֮ǰ쾹߳ϣҲ
ͷĵأƨɾŵôʣȻǴҷ۽Բзˡ
ӮЦ磬ԭǲʶˣųôֵĳӲã˷Ѱ
óһ͵ˣ캮ضģɱ⸱Ϲͷûˡ
ֻģͣٸǿ
ʲôʱҲ˵ãѾԪڳܹɽˡ
ʹ⣬֪ʱûΪͭƣеľͷ
ͭƵҲУѵǼǸʱյĹŴҲвٻŪڣźÿƨûУҪôսЪˡ
ЩⶼҪˣڼҲУֻܽϣڹˡ
û˲ţǰʱīһҪʱҲּ˲ţﲻŶԣΪԼãֻҪԷӦҲĶİɣôܸѾΪϱĻشнߣ
ӮԼ˼˷ϵĻģ͡
ż۰Ͱ͵ţùϸɾûҲҶһ˿ôˣ
žø첲ͱͱԱߵ豣Է˵˵Ҳ
ղǶžСʯٻСʯȥھԾԾԡ
豵ҲﲻԼȥ˵
Ϻ뽫Ƴȥͷ湻ڵģ˵ѣƨ
ҲǾϵ棬ݼʲô˵һ˲ÿڡ
ŻûԼǰͨĳŻͱȥһԡ
ҧǺ޲ýų
ͬΪʿӵܣٱʶͬమɱʮ꣬ľǺų죬ƽʱһӴ򲻳ƨһ컰ר˵ʹ
ϺǼã֪СǱв븮ǰ裬ȴĺڡ
豱ӶˣֲõֻߺվԶЩ
ʱӮҲعˣ־ץģ͵ݸ豣Ц͸ˡ
ͷһµĸ⣬ɵҲѾĥĲˣ治˼ξ͵ɢܣΪֲڣܶϸҲûλʵǲģŻȥԼģһͭƵĳϻҩ
豲ţ˶סˡ
ź¼ʵ裬Ǻţո˲ʹ죬ֵԼԱ
Ҫ購ΪԼΡ
԰ûȥɡӮɵ·Ǹ
쾼豻Ƿ㶣˵Ҫǲҡ
ָȥͱһĿ
豽ϵģСĻռ˵ĳ˵
쾺ٺһЦֺĸ밡Ǽ豻ԥһѣöԷ˾ϵĺ⣬Ҳܸ˲ǣ
Ҫô˵Բзۣ۲ܸܵġ
ӮҪĴָˣԼΪǶԵģ
ֹ֮ĦǷͼʱÿ죬һգ۾͵硣
ӮĶӹУۻͣҪȻȥԷ˵
ģ͸ˣͼҪûȥģϽ˽֮⴫Ȼ֪أ¹ϵشӺлвٱǱļϸһй©ȥ֪Ҫ߾Σӡ
뿪һ䣬ϵıҲ֮һ
ХķѩУĦеĹף뷽ͥԾľ
;þ֣ܸо˸ˣָоʢܹ۲⵽ӡõԽԽԡ
ǾףϹΪֻ֣Ũǰʢ
ȥһԡ
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----------------------
ȻҼͷ¿Ѿʧ˺ܶΣҽ컹ģ𶹽ǻȥ͸ŪˣԻؼҸɹǸɣ̫ɽһȥԷ¿ͶǶû˵ûҳȥң˼һǳ˯أ


17 
ɽӵ緹Ѿˡ
ʵʱʳϰߣһֻϺٷ
Ӯϰһͣٳһܣټ⻳УʳͲöʱ㣬˾ͳԣʱҹͻȻԶ
û֮ǰⲻ֪˶ٶ˶ݵĲֻҪ¡ģÿЩ۵С
˴µţ⣬ҲԹˣ˵ЩɽҰʲôĻ
ЩʳԭҲУԻɽԵģ̷ֻԭۣҲȻҲӮҪԣƨƨ߾ȥˡ
ɽҰŪٸľ㹽ⶼƽŻԵĶʿ϶ǲԵġ
Ӯ⽻ҲҪݿ˺ɽһƮζԶŵ
ջȥ·˻ǲģŮ
ĸŮ׸˵Ů˷ڿ㹽ζɢĸŮ˲˵ˣ֪²ʽӮԸģٺãŮԼ䡣
·Ҳ˳ֻǶӮԾûɫߵΪŪЩС˼ֲǰζģڹҲˡ
ĸס
ⲢĸӮȴҲ֪ν͡
·ŮΣָͷŮţ̾㰡
ʱ˵СʲôãǹЩǿĻǼֺڱϹзȥȨ
СǼԼ㲻̴ãô䵽յز
øĸǲ˽Լ֮ˣûдǼͽҲǹ飬֪ҲãȦڵɱ˼ͽģȫҪЮŲòЭ
ȨǰһҹǼͽͱܴˣûΪĻɢҪͷЩʿ޹ģԶ֪飬ҲҪΪΪȥ汩Ϸѵʱǻǵˡ
¯ĸףڲܹԼûˣԺҲȥסϸƵĺʱҹѾ˸游ȥ飬ҲõϢĸףһҪϵҫҲֻΪʷϵʣҸܱȹ
ԣ·˲Ծס֣οҵŮ
ŮȥĸŮͣת˵ϵ
Ůֶһ̸ճȺŵ۶ҲǾԸΪģϽͥæأɼ϶Ӳһ㡣
źƽҲվɳΪӮ۲쵽ƺܲϲҲǣȨûˣԭȦϳ裬νʵǷ̣޵ҫڵľ裬ϲŹ֣ӮԸԺֻӡ
ʱƣԭΪˣƷˣȻҲǽзˣ˵ǰҪԭԭµĶûƣǸ輧ԭҶ㲻ϣǺܵͼġ
Ҳûƣԭֻǲַĸ輧߹Щ֪ǰʲôӣԭ߯Ƕˡ
Ϲôʡ
䣬Ӯƿӽ϶ѩž˵ºôѩ
̧ͷĸҲڣȻĴкһû⡣
磬ȵ¯Ͽůůֻͷ˵ȼ˰ɣȳԣ˵ܶ˲רŵ÷һ˳Ҫעⲻܶӡ
˵ļȻһ㶼ûע⵽·˿
򴽣͸һ㱡죬Ҳ֪̿¯̫ȵĻΪʲô
ĺܣִ󣬻һ·Ӯ˫ֶˣů֮ŽӹŮϵӾ֣ȻԷԽĲʽ⡣
㹽Ұɽ۶ͶƤľ²ʽ⻹ţƬȻ⣬ҲǰӮ˵ġ
Ҳܻһ֪÷ӱţڵģ˲֪ʲôϣر㣬֭֮ˡ
СӱгСŸŲȥͱմˣÿӼųԡ
ӱ涼̣ͣŪ֡
ǰ˵иܳľᵼҲûⳢԡ
㹽ֲ̲õĳԶϻ𣬶֮ǰӦҲûôԹ⣬ûˣԳԵҲ㣬䰮
·˱ϰ÷ɹⷹʵ㣬ҲЩ
ۼӮչСǼв޹ʢŮĻȫˣǶӮĻԹ·ҲùЩ
ϡֹҪԼŮι
Ӯӣһֻֻţôˣ
Ҳû۵ι
Ȿ뵱ĸ׵ӮܣɼܲסأȫȻ񵱻£һֱ죬ʹĹԹˡ
·ûۿȰ붼ˣ˰ˣ¡
ȻӮԸСǾźˣܹС洦ġ
ô˵ֻ˵һ밡ӮһͷˮûͶι⡣
·˲ڹ緹뿪ˡ
׸ʣӮˣŮ򷢵档
Ӯ˵˽ĳᣬ֪ݵѾһࡣ
μӣ
Ȼˡ
ȭͷҲãǵ˵̸ֽվǳҲôΪҲҪԹ֪
ӮҲЩ˷ܣѾڴѪӺͻӪĻˡ
ҪѵѪ⻹ȷϡ
ӮͷЩʣ㲻Ըô
ʹȷûд˲žѪѵģȻˣ³϶ǲУƶѵƻűЩû⡣
Ҳ֪һֱƱȨȺϺûӦøϽȨ
Ȼ֮ãֻ¹֪˻Ϊѡ
ͼǿһסˣǰѻŪװѪٸҷƨֱôں䣬ֻҪǵȭͷӲ˭¡
ߺţ͸ŶЩ˵ıģȫȻû˷
ⶨĿԾ¶һĨЦ
ЩþòһѣǸΥ⣬ǸսɱͬһŮһֻ̺ˡ
ӮҲˣļУŶԣԭļûȨɷֳǹ￥ӪһǹоؽţŶԷͷ­ʿӵſ飬ϵźͽ˶ģϵ¡
⣬Ҳ
鲻Խ¶Щָ֣ǶϸϸĶɵһʹ˫ôȴĺϣҲղסǱǹҲ޷ٲɱС
ΪʹҲΪίֿŰοģҲģһҵ취ҽãվʲôõģҡ
ԭͬΪŮ⻳УʱÿѧͲ˵¶ȥͲҲҩκ⣬ˣϷ˵Ϸҩ𣬳϶Ҵ꣬ӦҲٻ£ȥϷңҵ취ġ
ΪⷬҲƽ
ĸ׻ӮװģҲλɹӮÿζж֤ԼûװĲǱҲĵĺãκ¶ΪѾ˼Ϊ·ȴرĸҪΪĸ׳˺Щĵӡ
ͼ顢ͼڡ󣬱˵һʵʵʾˣӮȫ˵ףҪѪ͵ϣĲеģ֪ԼҲӮˡ
š
Ӯ˫ֽסҲ֨
Ӯᣬʵе㻬ȸ
ֱˣָкúá
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ɽףôģžʹţôϼҴڣ̫ð֪𣿶òд㻹ߣҪڶ˭ܻӭûòĿ˰


18 
ѩ׷ɣХ
ַūֳȦУֻõƤڵ˫ѱˣŧˮţķһ𣬿Ŵ̱ǵĶ
նľƺѾϰĴ
Զַϰ屻ͭ׵ѪקĻ棬պаԵ׳ūѱɱѪȾ˵ϵĻѩ
Ѫζūıǻľһ˿仯תСǱ߿ŵ
һҹ֮䣬ֵַͱ鴦Ļྡɣַϰ׳ץɱ
ַʳʿӵͬνѪ޶ԣȫץȥȴʡ
ĵˣ类ץʮʿӵѾ//Ǻ·飬Ǳŭץӡ޺˫ĿǰݣۿڣʹӣԼץѪۣ˷財ǰ㡣
Ѫûսţǿ˾ץס˾ݣΪ˵õྐྵȻʿӵܵϣūѧ
ŽۿĹɫڳκˣڵϹǵˡ
վڽԹۣһ岢ʳ࣬ղ֡
ûпӣκŭʣӺڣĪǳְ֮㽫Ūȥˣ
ŷѺȷʵûгӣһͬץ
Ŀⲻɵþۼϡ
΢˫ۣ赭дûŵķѴˡ
һʲô˼
Ŷɵö࿴ۣ쾵ǴԶ˫ԱȫԼͳһ壬ֹϺһеģκԽ˻ָȥ飬þκӺӷų
㣡κ۾ǿֶӣҲµȥ֡
Ŭֱͦ͵ıһЦȫͱһˣأϷֵ塣
ֶǲʹֳǴˣΪ˳һ壬ô
ȥ飬˵ڵֵĹͻûˣϴҲͷˣΪһ³壬ԹСץ
ϴһֱû´ʱҲ˵
ڵεĻ谵ʲ壬翣ǴԶ
˴˱˴ˡ쾲䲻Ȼһ䡣
ڵαУʳ£һ顣
ۺģ¾ӵڶ˭Ҫһ
ͬûϵˣ豸һֵģۼºͳ쾶Լº֣Ҳ𾪣Ҳ⣬Ҳô
ӻһ£ˣϿȻҪڽڣʱ˭Ϊһ˾ȫᡣ
ԭȲ֪Σ׾Ϊλ½ⶫʵˡ
˼˽ա
仰ûеĹΪ֮һ񣬻Ĵ˲ѡ
̴Թϵ輧ֱǼϸΪ飬»ᱻͨѹ繫ǰ㣬ȫ嶼ꡣ
ԽȻ֪Ҫץˡ
κҲȭòݵκӴɱ
ڽ·֮ǰץΪ˱ȫ壬Ҳѡ
Щڽ·ִ֮Բʿӵܣòŵǵļ飬֤ȷѱѪɱʬҳ֮ϣͬɻĻһʾڡ
ǰӮİ취ʯ٣̶Ӽд˾ŵսսĻ̥ӣδܳȥؾͱѪץأ̿¹ԼΪԹˣЯʿӵܣһͷص㣬רΪϸ鱨á
ЩʳӮ֪Ӻѱ͸ǧ԰ٿףЦԭֻ˴ѹڶⲻ֪Ѿ´Žˡ
ԽԽ̲סҲͶ˸̥Ȼ֮λֵõִ
Ů棬׸ˡ
֮£Ҳæдѵ³̸ԪѵѪ
ԪΪľɲԱıߣٵ£ȻǸˣҲǳģʵĸǴӲԡ
ӮǱˣͣдֵ֣ͬȷʵԭ֮λҲ
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ԭЩΪӮҲ֪ˣҲܹˣ֪ʷΪλ߱ɱֵĻʵҲ٣ȻըѵҲУֻ˵ȨǻȨջ̫󣬺صסġ
Ĺʵ÷һߣһ£½Щݺݺ඼ˣǰľģܱѡҲЩµģ˹Ҳܻȥ
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ҹͬϲⱧԼﵱı޲ĲӺͲʱľ͸ֽ˷ܣһͷС¹ײˮеĽѾӣ̲ס档
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ڵѾüˣԭĻۻ£꣬ͷ档
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ָٽש죬޼˽Լ⸱صˡ
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ΪԹˣ֤ʾҪǹϼԹŵĪĺôᱳѹ
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.
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ˣƲԼ׵ƶԸˡ
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껨е˰ɣסɽĥצǼ˼˵ôԺֵֹԭϹ㣡ӥץҲܣҪãƣ


19 
գȱλþ͸ˣϡϡϺͳļΪ
Ӯû֡
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ƽ·˽˵淢£䲻ӮιֹסڣϵЦҲûˣؾӮ
ݼϡ
Ӯʵڲϰ߹˵ĲΰΪҲܻأֻš
ضɣСֺȥ⣬ã
˳ƣ·˹ģӦҲҵĹ
ţŮСƶ
ƶƣ
֪ⶼЩȡ
ӮͰͳ˵־ҪѪ
ʱΨһĿȡ֮ŮͬȲξ볯ʸ񣬼Ҳûй涨ֻԣŮͬԴʡ
ιŮԣ˵ǴˣԹˣپ޵ԹҲȲϳ
Ƿ⿴˿ݸСϲ赶Ūǹϲףڴ˾ͳҪξɱУҲ޷ֻ
Ӯ̲סƣСҲ°̧ø߸ߵģһǸʱûбᶾѧɵ
Ȳ˵սϵۣѪڵѵǿȾͲһҼܿȥģӮԼϰЩĿ۶̲סҪһᡣ
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˰ѪڿɲܻˮĵطȥҲѲƤô򵥣Բ˿ֿŻؼҡ
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ӮСĿɰУҪֵܼҸһ
˫һʲô
շ˴ȥ˳游游鷿Ǽܻģͣ游˵ǳ׸ϵģܴݻǧ
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ӮЩСãҲЦҡҡͷСӰ
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ʮɽʲôУɽҼҲ֣ҰҼҵĹ԰͵أҼҵС֪ӥץ˶ˣѴڸѹϵĹһȺһȺģǰļֻҰӷµ͵Ҽɹףһһ࣬Ⱥӣסɽ־ĿСʱܿҰèֻе͵ҼҵĸһȻһҵѼ[]


20 
ݰڶѮصڳǽɽǽҵԳԭЯ䵽˶ԣԭʿиֵĻܵͻӪҲפڴˡ
ӮΪͻӪǳԭʿĵȨܵıڿɣΨԭеĻʿеĻ϶Ϊһ£ͻӪŻ
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ϽӾ䣬ֻǶ߾ȣǰԤԹͳйҲûеõκ鱨˵߾춯
˫ı۾³֣ȸ̨
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ͼٰŨ׵쳣ֲţǰ壬Щ۶ȥζܰȣѾˡ
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ûζӮ̳ûҪ޵ǿ㣬ƿģĨĺܡ
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----------------------
ȥժܣͻȻӵܳһ򼣬ŵܶˣˣһŲԺǽأҲȥժ˵ģò˰ȣ


21 
˵ûȵļ׷ʣ֣ǰ׷ʲôʱܶ
ôǣ²߰
⽫ȥţûô
֪ӲԸ˵˭ʲʱӮƢ͸ˡ
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µ˾͹ӺǣѪеľһ壬ǧرһУξѪǧˣӺͻӪһ
ⶨµҪѪܷƾͱʤ࣬ǧҲǴһѡγġ
ھѡν׶Ρ
ƸսѪԴҪѡϣ˵С׺ݵͷСǣѪζ˵
ѪڵѵģʽƶģԪľɲţû˸Ҳ档
Ҳ뵽Уָӣ廹ûã䣬жƮѩӮŴ磬ƽʱҲȿһᡣ
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ɣߵŮСϳģЩεεĹŮɲһ˭ҪǣһӾͳȥˡ
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˾ǳˣ˭Щ˵ûֻЩ˻᲻ܡ
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ûгԼ֣̰ӮůѾ᲻÷ſˡ
ˣȥɡ
ӱͱĿģŶһ˵裬ɼƻƫĪʧˣ˸ȻͬӮߣÿն꺮ůػΪ˰ƻô࣬嶼ϡ
ʼӮɨϰҪࡣ
ִֽϣȴþöûʣī֭ڱʼ⣬ڷƵֽοһźںī֭ŷϵֽµ̿
Ѫѡζں죬ȷ㿪ʼű
д˼̧ͷӮ˵ȥУ
Ӯ˫ƵԼϷŰĦĽӸôҽҲ£ҲҺҩǱ̥ҩҲΣʱܺȣǰգ̥ȶҲͣҩڶʳΪ
ǵȥӮ֮еĲͬ
ѡα׼ҶģҲ谴ҵķ߱ͼҲġ
ø俴ͼֻԭͼţ¹ش㽫ͼʾˡ
ӮĹǣӺвŲ֪ٱߣЩҲӦõġ
ͬ壬⼸շѩУ¥̨ڵҪٴ˷Ǿ¡
Ѻˡô˵ҲΪӮġ
Ӯ㲻ţʲôãô䣬ô졣
ȥֻڳڲ˰ɣҲĵҪȥ
֪Լ˵ʲôסģֻɿڣǱߴ̫ãʱҿҪģܿ¡
ⱻЦˣܶ£Ҷû
ҶҲ᲻á水ȣȻʶ˵ڵĻ
ڣôź˳Լ裬һ⡣
ھͿԺȷ˵Ժʲô£ж֣ȥ֣Ҳ᲻˵һػ
Щ˺ȻģǳиУ˵ҲãҲã֮Ƿģ͸û
û˵Ƶͷдȴҳһţд˺Щֶû֣˷һֽ
.
ڶӮȥ˹Ͼͽõ͹ɽӵСԺ⿴
еֳֺ˫ͺţ϶ҲǲͬģѪˣ̱еĹԶˣٶҲ죬䣬νսȷ
ԺԲˣҪ̧ȥУġ
ӮδƹһȦһڼ
̵ˣЩΡĳǽжѹƣǳʬ׶ѻɽ˻ȥֻܻĳˣ޹
ӮϲֻܣԺǿ϶кܶࡣ
ϲִ˵ǴŲġ
Ӯ͸һֻȫĿȸԼĴβͺ܇NɪȻ϶ڻ𾪻˷ܣѾȲĵˡ
ԪҲڱϣҲԪǰڹ͹ǵһμ
ǲľɲԪһҲ΢ʣ׾ΪͻȻҪһѾûʵȨķѪʩ
ڿ͹Ԫ˵׸ϵģǲŻȻеĲҲתΪ壬˴ţȷʵñûڸǽԺ֮С
˻ģպҪҴĻĻǾȥˡ
л˵
----------------------
̨Ҫˣ£


22 
ѡգӮҪһȥģƫƫʱԹˣĻŮԾ
ԭļ֪λԹŮҲǸݽɫͱҪӣֱʮŵԻصԹͬͳͬĸĸ磬ʮ볯
ǳɵԼŮϹͼԾ֣ԾʶƣһԹͷΪɣ֧ԾλɶԿӵؾɡ
ԹľӴụ̈ŮӾҲһ˽⣬ֱԣԾǸĺЦ꣬ǽƻͬ򽻵СЩΪ˻һ£ǵŸͳȥ˾ˣδ̫Щ͵֪Ϣ
ԾһǸŮμңӮͲóȺ˴򽻵ǿ̵ķӣѾʮֳˣ˸λߵģԼƨɵĹ֮λʮˣӲˡ
ס⣬ҪͱȥУǱ˰ɣȥǸԾеףȻĲ̤ʵ
ⶼѻѣҲϵˣů¯˫ȺģЦſӮУԼҲҪȥģ˽ѡαǽգ˸ԾԶյѡҪ
Ӯ֧˸УԾԹ漰֮¾Ϊ£̸ͬʱԽ䶼ϣúźͬԾֻ¹ؽź±ضһ¶⣬ʱֻҪֳֶ֧˵̬ȼɣ˵ʲô
ⷬӮζһͨˣһƣ˵԰԰ȺϺϣϺС꣬ǳȥɣ
һ˾Ӷ·һڣ̫ˣҵǶǣ
ûͻȻһѸٺջյġ
̧һۣͷϵӮѾܳȥˣľֻһҰıӰ
ˡҧס´ݺݲ˰ϲĿˮա
.
УӺڣռܴģӡ
ӵЩӮרΪѡĽ׳ŮжʮˣǽȫģʮѴѪĵ˽˻ֻһ˺
˽˻ʹӣ˭ҵֱȥԷ
ŹʶͣУſڣͬĻкüʿıʶϡϡϡϡϡκϡӺеʿŮնԼͬ۵ƽռٻѪУ
ҲǼгǲò
УΪѪصأ޾ڡ
⣬Ҳֱ롣
ŮǷ·˵Ӯ͵Ĺ³Уд˴ĻϡŮŮͳŮ
ЩʿŮ˱㲻֪⣬ճйĴԿɲŮǰκŮͻ͸ǴʲôĶˡ
κŮ޲ھͱ֮𣬿֮ǰѸǽղ¶ˣҲֻûūǰȥŮԾɽűūйеķŭǰܵ趼Щūϡ
ʵūڵϱƤȴǰܿūͱһѪ«űκϵļūȥҸطˡ
۵ĶñȳκŮޡ
ϵڳǸūΧĹŮó⻰ǹ˵Ůġ
СŮҪȥѵκŮ곤Ľס
㣿
̽С뻳УСԴϵԲ٣ͷ͵˼ᣬ泤УƶҪ
Сڽ㻳սСȭͷҳ󣬶ҪЩ˲ڽ¡
ãС־ЦţСõԲ
κŮŮȡüλŮ³ûкūùŮȱ¡
ϵļҹ棬ϵūҲֻǱȼ͵һȣûʿūΪʣûū˯ȦϵǺӺҲϺϻˡ
Ů֣ͬԼߵһ
κŮĻҲˣϲԣȴΪмκŮݰ裬ʿŮȦзǰͲԸκŮĸ˵κϽˣκŮҲ̫Щӹ
ɨǼκŮŻתϣͣܿת
ûǰͬʿԺ飬ϲʫ˾һۣϵǳ
ĸΪıƶıȨϴƶ˵̶Ҳ裬
ŮٳţŮԼμٽʫͷ°벻̡
һֻܰסǹɵ˼ö̶⣬ĿǱת
ͿϵĳˣΣǳС
ѵóҲˣûǱκŮŮ̺Сýй˹ĳܡ
㣡Сˡ
źԵŮæçײСãӲ㣬ɾһˡ
ܿжǽСԼУ˵Բ
Сó˺ЩЩˡ
һˣĳҲˡСȲ
һµĳǶҪȥССģʱǸСûȸߣڶˡ
̲ȹؾعţһ˫ˮҲϣϵĻۺβȷƶû˵ѣڹȷʵͬˣ֮ǰûƼǲţб׺ݣ㡣
̶̵֡
û࿴ŶȦ̲ס֪˺ܶ裬òװͷ˻Ҫ˱ڮ١
⽫ö§Һúõ⣬ʲôٿˡ
һ̺СֹסᣬΪЦ
㣬˵ƶб䣬Ƕ
ԽŮȫΪݣ»Ӯǰʹ͵ĽΪʮһһѡ
гԳʮ־һƥ͵ǧΨйĿⷿУǻιģȫӮ͸ϣԭҪ֪˹ƻᱻ
ղô˳Ŷһݵĳ£ϹŮۣκŮǼޣỹ޲涢
ЩƵעӣ𱣻ⰲȫĻ̰νͭ׻죬һ󲽣˲ͽЩŮס
׵˺󣡡
ǶӲˣֻҪҿܰ벽Ǿܰν
жߣɱ
κŮɫףͻˡ
վԶһĻĸ׶Լ˵Ļⲻת䡣
κϿԴ󣬲ʱƣѲϵѡ
ĳܻУʻ룬ѪжӭҰٴƮѩ
л˵
----------------------
Vȡллһ·֧֣ûʲôͣơ껨¿ѡһɣ[ī]


23 
һ²⴫,ץԹϸУѱӮԾҲʮֵ͵,̶ûд,αװ̶Ӻǡ
ʱ˸ð/ʿԱթƭ,ӮŲ֧αװǵĶԹʹߡ
ԾݣѲ,ȷûЯһĶ˲ű׼
ԴͬеԹߣΪǣǵﷸһҪǴȥӮҪ˴żġ
ӴԹʹߵ񱻰Ÿ쾣ţһƤΪãʱץԹüϸ˭֪ûǱصģһ,λдǹأҲΪ˫,°
ԹͽͬΪĴǰԹʹ߶еһλλӴ쾲ǸϴҲô˵,˵ô콫ǵ˺ڵϲˡ
ϸһ±޸ɣ˭ԹڲҲ˵,ƾʲô϶Թϸ֤أ
⻰ʲô˼ˣҪȥ̡
쾲Ų£˵ԹʹøӣﻹźüԹϸйġ֤ʡôԹô
˵⻰ʱҲһ˷ԣ쾵ȻҲͲ
Ϊ·㣬ԾװūͲֱӴӳ¡
ԹˣԹȴͨͨĳ࣬檲̫ȶˣҲкͲǸޱȵĻŮҲͳƽƽ档
޾ףԾȥΪӣ޻ԹĿˡ
Թ֮ɫԾϵİëѩΪһ壬Ψи߸βڷƮںУȫʵĳ࣬ͨĽ׺ʿ˰ĵȻ
̧ͷǰλϴ׽ں˿ӵЩѱڷǳĵλҪĿģҪѲۡ
쾶λԹŮͶĴ⣬άǸ׵ģԾڵһûֵŮһ·۳Ͷ٣ʵˣǹѱϯΪŮλӷ硣
ˡԾ΢Ц̨̤ס
˸ųȥǰͥһ·Թɫзƽȴò͡
ԾǰɫͼӶԷЩõϢ
ȻҲǵ֮̽ǧػ⣬ȫ˻ȥ
.
ԭԾһ棬ǶǺüǰˣԭˡ
ӮԾĵһӡ˳úͨ˶ﶼҲ
ԾΪԹŮӣҲܼλڶԣǳӮǾλʵ⣬ߵݡ
ַأй֮񣬸ݼԸδ룡
ԹȻҲҪŰݵġ
ӮܵİãڵԹ͵ͬڴʱڵӢ
ֵ磬ò˶ûͻڽģžΪ˼
ôԹԾ֮ǰӮ͸ŵֹ
֮һ仰ҪҪҪǮʹ
кսĻ̸ΪϾԹҲǴǿʢҪûӮ
Ȼˣ֮ǰڿɲͬˣӮһӰ͹Ļڣ˵ԹǳҲѻ֡
ڻĽʶӮԽԽԹԾȻҲûкɫ
ֻŰڼӣúź³һȳУҲøԾһöԷ֪ڵĽˡ
ԾĴӲǱӣ۾۾ߣµ볤δ룬Щƫƫԣù²ðŮӲչ˵˵βܳδ밡
ͳϵԾ˵ͷĶ
ԾʹİĹ⣬֮ǰϵӮʨӴ󿪿ڡ
輧ȷʵΪԹϸѡɻಢԹֱʣ˼ٽ֮ӺǣˮҪõԹϡ
ԹܽˮԾӼת뵽Թ´ֱɣ˵ʱμżһ澰պӱа֣⣬·񿴵һס
μǽıߺӣԹ֮ûͳô׾ΪţɺǸ⣬˫ðա
ӮԾ˵̫ˣ̵ְԾǲ˵ıˣҪԹҪǴĻǵ
Ȼ֪ΣҪ˵ԹȫûҲǲܵġ
̵ְԾЦ۵ףŮָ˭
ǰֻӮҸãٿǸеĲһ
Ծ΢ǣЦĺ޹ѡ
λ߶ɣӮٮٮߣȻҲὫԼĹȵǸء
Ҫԭͽڶɸˡ
ӮȻҲɣΪҲûãڵĵ֮װ
ΨԼȭͷ㹻Ӳ˲ŲΪϵ㣬ͬʱҲĻıͶ
ԾƬ̣ͻȻЦ⣺ѽ˵ŮԷˣ졭ʲô۳Ա˵żżİ
ٶ֮ԾһĿ࣬Žϲŭ޳Ȼ١
һ£µŮŲ롣
ʱʳ߶λͭƣպľ٣ǰӮѪڹлڵĿնŪ˸մɵĸ¯
ջ֮߰ƳʮĴɫ¯ʱĹ
ȥ͸⣬Ƴɹ
дԾ˵ʳ߾Ǵɫǲʴɣͼӻⲿĵ̺һۻҡ
ʢڲʴеĲҲûмģķ״ǺһǳϸǺһԲʲôζ죬ֱ˵ıǻꡣ
ʵҲûʲôϡ棬Ƕѿ衣
ĳ˫ִҲܽⴷӣӮ˵ɸ뵰Сӣ˿ڸеóԵúܡ
ױ棬ڶһһʱȫǣ·׬һǮ
Ծαװ̶ӾǸӣĶЩѰͬе̶ӺǳһĶݴѲɾǰ֮
ʱҲоƣǾƣζһ㣬ӮȲߣҲ˼һ¾ٱ
촽һͷˣִӼвˣûͬԾͲʴɺʢΪ
ֲϺƽķԱÿһ˶˿ͽܲʳİԾԼȥɡ
֪ôԣǾͿ͹¿ӵģ˵ԹǰܿҵĽӽҴֱûмʶҲԾ˭ûмʶ
Ӯ֪ʱûʳ޲أеļκ͹ͬʳƺǲ̫У׽Ҫ̫ðɡ
ϰϸʣǴο쾰죬ʵܲöԷСóͷ׵ͷ޲طȥ
֮䶼ĬĬԷٳڼҲѵСҪϸʣ˵ûпԭʼˡ
ϰߺܿʿдǰ˳Է죬ûòԣͬһ˲ˣԼԵر𲻺Ⱥ
Ǹȷʵرͻأʹ̶˺ûʳʮֲţҲʶ죬Ĺˡ
ԾôӣԹɫı졣
λӮףǽţԲɫܹ۲쵽ȨƵڲͬģӮԷҲŲӮ¿ӣҲ¿ӡ
Щյ֪*ǺõҲĬĬ۲ˣ¶˲Ҳ˰亹
ԹûԾǵûԼĴǰǰȫǳԷ졣
ǸͬҰʳӮֱüͷƵƵͶĿ⣬ԾûţȴûгЩ֧ģ˵ҲǶθɡ
ӽĲȺܺӮθڣͶ̸й̸УҪԵģڱЩʱ˵İŪûθˡ
Ҳе㱩Ƣģϣüõ˸Ұܹġ
Ѿ仰˹һεĳΪУͷӦˣ㽫еʳȥ˻ǺЩǺûˡ
ű򶨣鶯ǻǽˡ
´ִʴɾƾϸϸ꣬θϿҪһֻ
˵þһףҪƯҪá
һһԵ㣬ĳվǺã̶ܽζȵζɿڣԼϿҪһӻʹá
˸۹۱Ǳǹģ͵֡
ԹԵ𾢣ûת֪Ӯǡ

ҰʲôҰҰ
ɲ񣬲ţֻƽŻԣýɳҰ̫ûˡ
ԹҪڷһͱӮȡ
ֻҰŻԷ
ԹǱǱҰʿɱ裡
վҪɨȥȷʵҲֻǳԷˣŮӺ׷߶ĬĬѧ˵ǣ֮Աȣǵȷֱ
Թɫ죬޺վַ߷£رǲҡ
û˷˵İ죬Ӯڿ԰ĳԷҲת硣
ûпʼ̸оͱ˼ԹĻԷһںλƵӮס
һҪѹưͿаѱҲ̸£Ծֱѹ
㷹޵輧Ҳ׹ˣҲÿʼ̸ˡ
ӮûܣúźȥԾ̸
ҽض
ˣԾսȭͷ˵Ρ
Թͬǩ¹飬ŵԹӲÿμӣǳǡμǹ黹⸶顢ţūɣ⸶ĿԹǾҪöˣҲҪ㣬ǳǺμû
ЩӮ֮ǰ鶨µģǳǰǰǽĹǽ˰̲ŲѸøԹҪ
μǣҪԹѪֻ˲֪ζ
ܣûԾ̬Թȱͬ⡣
˽ʨӴ󿪿ڵ׼û뵽ԷſѪڣҪ̵ԹǳأӮҰδҲ̫ˣϸͻԹóǳأ޿ܣӮڳ˵Σ
ܣ˫ı۾䶢סԹ䣬ǿҪˣǻ̸Ҫ̸ɶûлˡ
ʱôеˣԾüͷЩҲԤԭǼϸԽãԹʣҲɽѹͬԸѾԹòˡ
ŴǷӮ߻һЦ
ӽԾһǿҵĲȷװǻƻʵԹóǡӦڲս
/ϸȫˣûаεҲ¶ͷӱ֪ڶѮоݡ
ݶͬİȴЩ˥ĽԵ޹ơ
ӺкܶҥʱҲЩ
ó裬ϸƣǲǸЩйأýеҲֻλƱȨˣԹͳɶֵ³Թ
⣬ͼˡ
ԾһҪºͺԹл
侲ڲǸʱ򡣡
˶ȵԹͷˣŮӻҵ侲ߣСŮų
⼸һĶѣԾԣڧýǵЦ𣿡
һ仰˹䣬ʶԼçײˣֻñ¡
ӮȻҲû̸ָףҪԹͬڹϸ£⿿ƤӿɲС
ֻڴ֮ڣֻڽ֮ϡ
̫ˣԼʵûǿԷʱ򣬽һЦ
쾽еߵ䡣
Խ۾ԽصԼλ֮Ծ¹ۿµľݡ
Ծûлһ̽ȻӦʡ
ӮҲԸʱԾȥ飬Խյ̸е˽
ʱҲˣУǱߵѡӦҲˣҪȥ⡣
Žճб䣬ǰۿԾž
ӮԼװȻô֪ôᡣ
ŮӾͬһȥλͬ
ҲûСԹ䶼һˡ
.
һ˵Уʱ򣬱еݱ
׷ɵĴѩҲסԣ໽ˣ¶Ľ׳۰Ӳֵľľѳء
ŮףԱ辶ʲôҡۡڱǡҧ˺
伫ҲûкͣսֻҪӮܽԷڵҲʤʲôֶζҪ
дۿڲռֵźʵƤëů¯һӦȫ漴ʹҲ䲻ġ
̺Сñȵۺ죬ǽ綼ˣֻȹߡ
Сð಻סѵӣһȥܵǰͷȥˡ
ֻҲ˳ܡ
ʱֻŮƿ̽һŶЦݵĹβķֻصһˡ
нˣ
Ӯѩ¶һߣůů־ͽԼĺ󱳡
ܵů⣬תĻЩϲʱģ
ȻͽȦԼûôࡣ
յԹǰҲˡ
ʶüͲµ̸в˳ҲǣԾͬŹ֡
Ҳá
һ¿ݣȾݽɲǲͬˡ
š
˿̿ӮúİǰڷܶԸԹ
µŭڼӮŮпɱǰͷֱԵơ
СѾͷƬӽȦˣ
-----------------------
л˵ôģûҪҼ¿ǾôҼ¿ҲǸòã


24 
˵עڳеѡα,ΨӮһ֧ųܵĴ򣬲ͷЦ⡣
лڳܲ˿ԶԶڽ̸,ǰҲġ
Ծ䶼û,Ҳֻܿһ硣
ѩ﷭,ζӳ£ߵ̾ϢĽͲ,µֲԿصճȭ޷վ˫ϡ
ɿָ֣ӡɼĲϵôƽ
Ӯһжܷ۵ײײĨɬ
˱ŷ»ɢȥԼɵ书˫ҲУͬˣδǿ˵Աˣ,Էǿ־ͦѰӡ
֣ůʮ΢ָ,ѾȥϷҩˡ
ҽ˵˫ĿܣѵλָɢݻٵĽǣԴҽҲ޲ߣѰҽҲ,ǾֻܽϣϷ뷨ʱѾ˿ɿȥϷѾ˽ˡ
Ҳ֪,ұڴڴԽʧԽ
ţлǿЦӮΪԼ⸱ġ
ӮĦָҲ˵лģҿ϶뾡취κá
Ͳһ㷨ӶûУȥĶ·ʵڲооôȥȻ⣬ִҽˮƽϣɡ
ãЩ
˵䣬еıѾ˽һ֣ʤǧѾˡ
ƾԼı³ɹȻĩβҲԼȡģһˮûţ⻹ҪжƵĿ˸Щ
ǧ˺ڻԪѵѵӵȻҲģھϾð󣬴仯ˣûȫĦ͸ŵ˾͸˵ˣ˵͸ı󣬱˸롣
ŮԾñЩͨ
⿴ԶԹĳܣһƬɫУԹĳͻأ
ӴԾΣӮ
ӮҲϲԹİף˵ÿǡǺôҲеװΰɣʲôǰɫէһµģТҲ̫ˡ
ɥˤġ
ʱɥȻҲ飬ɥԺɫΪճʢв£ŮʮһĶ񻨺Ψׯصĳϲźɫ͹ҲźڣͨմھǷ
Ӯеġɥˤġ̫⣬ˤ֪Ϊʲô˵Ծˤġ
ȻˣڸˣȷʵҲԾȥˤ裬Щ㲻Ǳɱ˾Ǳˣнʣһˤ˭ˤ衣
Բ˫¶ɻ飬ӮԼ͡
Ӯһ˵治֪ôͣǴǰɥµģԹףòȫ񶼴ɫɣˣžͲ
ŤͷȥЦ˫綼ڲЦ˲ŸֻҪҺŰ£㵱˶ܴİ
·ŵȡӮԴʮֲм
Ц⣬ˡ
Ǵսɱģ̫ЩƵĶҲϲ
ӮһӲָͷϰ棬ŤͷУĳܶ밴ƺʿʶڷŵ龰ǾͲɵϳ˳ӱǿ׺߳һ
עҪڴ˵أҾȰЩûõƷˣЩԱû¸ɵķͰЩеûģսɱǾˣΪıðհҵս𣬷ŪЩӣʲôãһǿƬϺ߶û˸ʱѹ·ڴ˼Ҷ顣
ѩĺҪⷬн䡣
ͷĿԶЦþò
ĺɫ߾ѩХУں죬ͭ׵ѪڷѩУֳֶƺͳìžĺɫŭ
ɱɱɱ
𶯴أУʿ峵ܵƥѱūҧקסûƥųܳȥɻҡ
ҲнסūۿŷĴųܴУ巭ſڵդ
κϵĳܣκϼŵ˫ȷһƨڵϡ
һƣӶƺĳì򷢷ƥӲǰ㶼ԾĴɱڰգóìӺͬܶ˦һߡ
¾ˣѪȾһƬѩأ֧ĳܹɢڱϣκϵıʶƮסԲĴ۾
˱ʽýĹŮŵɫκŮŵòᣬɾǰǷײ˹ĳܣκϾ͸ôͷˡ
վһκɫ˼ǰȥ鿴
Уô೵ܣκϵܾūûõһƥס
κһԪУⲢûҵκϵūʱҲûūȥ˺δ
ʶԾԪֲһСչͨſڵķūʬ壬ѪȺţӦǸڡ
κϵūֱɱ
ϢĹ̽Ŀתκ׼Ծֻ⣿κϵĳֱܿģѪûסײ롣
ѩ죬κĶ亹ڹߣ㲻ϷֳϣϸƣҲϲĿ֮ʹС
ϣԩκѩء
ô򵥵ĵڳ˾ȻףҲκϾ޹ūûסºͼܣڣָôͣ
ߣ׽
仰ˣͬʱҲκԳ쾵ĺʢ
Ӯָ˼ϥǣûԩκԪˣôģ
һ
ֳ޴򶷵ĺۼ
ޡԪ۲ĺϸ£ȷûС
Ҳˣ
ǡ
顣
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ΪУΪ˭赽ǰͲòˡ
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޲޹ҪȲ˲֪
ĻƽϢɿսС
Ӯֱڸոգʶǰ棬˶
һ鶼޷ݣ˵û£ԼҲȭŹûֵˣɵʱЩں﷢
§סıӴµ£ɵϡ
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ӮҲǽˣ¾ͣסˣûſ⣬Ǳŵġ
ţԺ󲻹ܷʲô㶼ҪȱԼҪղǰҿҪģܿ¡
úܰģһ
ûнĻȥҲֻ֪
ʵղҲûô࣬ΣʶӮǰ
ҲΪʶӮζף˫ж㣬ҲˣǰСж͸ôǰ棬ǲҪˣҪˣͣˡ
ӺͳˣѪǽŻס˶ÿӮ汧ƽԼͣȫεĲӿ
ԶԹ䵣ĻǣԼһУʾ֭Բߡ
ΨԾпϷ
ĸŮӾͲ»ᱻͷϣ
ԾȾȲ裬ĺá
ҵǺ£ڲҲҵúţ˺ðǲлᡣ
²ԹֱʣǺܸлĻ֮ˣպлᶨҪл
£ӮҲټУʿȴ˹
춼ټκˣֻɽ⿴˵˵ƫƫԾúܣ˸ͷͽ˴ˡ
Ͳ˳ٿһף
ǰǼᶨΨ壬һԽˣ߱¡
ɽůģһžܽ׸Ůֹ
ϣڻ
ڴϻ£뽫Сϣקδͣ
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ںͬⲱµĵطûпƽʱ˯ҲǴС˯µģԡʱҲֻ˱ȥžͱϳˡ
էһ¿󱳣סġʯ
ȷѾżװŵĽСһȥñӵסԼתͷȥԾôͻȻˡ
ӶǸղŵ޻棬ӮٸпڸץϵıӸԼ˰뱭裬˹˺ȥžúЩ
ں飬ۿ⡣
ҲֲףҶŮģеûУʲôýŵģ
ʲôҲ͸򷢻ȥˡ
վڱ־ò˼תȥ־ԼС
ĬĬƬ̣ûгȥֻСѣӣһδ
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֮ǰ⻻·ŮźģӣҪ⿴ֻԭɵЩ¡
Ҳûгֻƿ¶ȳƵĳȣùϡ
µжǶԲĸһˣ䲻Ҳˣɵļѡ
ҪڻŮͿӮͷԵŲߣһӵİϡ
ӮֻҪһ뵽УʱԼǰ棬ر𲻺ܣٿô׾Ĵ´㣬۵УҲûԼû֪æڱԼ£ķЩ¡
㱳ϵİ̡
ղҲˣȫ˰̣ݺύġ
¿㶼ˣͿСճȥһҲЩۡ
Ǳӳġ
赭дһ仰ȴӮĺݺݳۣµʱµģ׿˵Խܡ
ͷ˵ûǡ
ںܶԺҪпԼ˸Ļš
-----------------------
л˵ȥץϺˣСʱ򶼲ԣ̫Сû⣬죬ھͦóԣԴ࣬껨Ҳԣصġ


25 
,ΪıĿչʾ
³ˣշ硣
䱸ơìսǰ濪,жӵѪλмݡ
ǹе泵,Ӯ,ƥΪӵ,ƣȨѾʵΪ˲ڸЩҪأᱻ˽ַ
ʵΪϣӮҲɼսҪһȥɽ϶Ҫֳյİ
˵ûվ͸սˣ˧ҪҲҪ彡,ŲҪ紵ɵӡ
ش󳡺ϲŻõݾǿԣһС͵ƶ,֮ǰȥУǼҪࡣ
Ӯ̣¹壬Ӵһ̾ͻ,ҡҡλμ͵ɽˡ
ں棬еʿҲ٣ĻŮ͡ūǶ,ݵĳһ۶ͷ
Ծһ˵ĳҲڹݵĺ棬ѩİڲɫиͻأųʱгۡ
ƺƵĳݶлһʮעĿģȫôĲסϵĶƺأڻδȫѩѹĳۣҪн׳ūںƳѹ·Ļѩʯ顣
Ծķ϶ϣЩһֱ취̽Ϣȴһ
˵Ӯε̸òڲҲȣֺαԹУӮǰ׼õ˵Ǻ֮ء
ҹĸһϢλµʧˣ˵Ǵ˳֮ҹӳ˳ǡ
·ڰǰϢúʵȴǵֲסйܡ
λйȸ̨͸·ܼɵģǲ֪λʹʲôֶĺĳ˵
ϵĳݡ
ϢݳȾʧܣǱˡ
ԭĿٿ۾۵׵Ĳȡ
ʲôʱ£
ǰϢǵҲǸյõϢ
ݳȾؽˣ
δ֡
ĦеĹףΪɽһס
Уصôײ׼ɾȫû˼
ͬ£ԾϹһУɾ֣Ҳǰǰǿơ
֪ξӺͻӪ䣬Ծһ¹ۿݣΪҲ̸ռϷ磬Թǩ¹顣
󶼹ֵ޷ͣҲ֪֮ǷΪ֮ײѪԿ̽Ψвܱסһʢ˥
ɽǽҵԳĹԵһͷܡ
ӮɲԴܣִͻӪפ֮˳ݣٽӳڱŵϡ
кʵ絲ţҲ⣬¯Ӯ˹սĸ̨
Ѫ̨Χ⣬˶̨ͬ
ں죬ͭ׵ѪֳֳꪵӺͱ˫ͻӪ
ȻѹսƬء
Ѫɣսʿ˭ԣ
ŭÿһ˵ҡ
ҡӱʾοµĽʬҲЦƣںǾᡣ
ΨԾһɫǾվ⣬Щǳ˭
ɢڿ֮ϣҫ۵Ĺâ
۲µӮվڸ̨ϣĿ棬ɨ·ᶨ
ʦΪʤΪ±ȵʵս֮ģչҽŮ֮Ӣη
۵Ŀչᣬա
ٱ
źëϣƣѾܾûмĳˣӮԲΡ
Ȼ޷³սӮָ֮ȨǰЩշѾ˼ѵѪ
ǧǾеľб͹󣬸绢ܰӺͻӪѹסǿƣԾ
ģʵսʵζδ֪ġ
սϵĺŽǳȡ
ء
ҪսѶţ̷ֿγ㶦ľ档
ָҲڸ̨ϣ⡢ºͻӪڣ˸һΪţ䡣
ʿԿʵָӹٵĽⷽռƣ۴˭Ķ֡
ͷӮ˫⣬ЦӮ·𿴵緢
Ӯ콻յߵ˵ѪһʤҰѻڴˡ
Ѿˣֻܷ滹ûȶԭҲûھϳʾڣԾĵı뷨ȰɱסѺõھ˵
⾪ȣ*ˣ
֮ǰӮ⣬ƺܼ֣ҲģûӮֲöʣ»μӮѹ
ӮЦŵͷţѪĽңĵ
ס֣ۿʪ󣬺ܶ໰˵ɶں﷢
ɵϣ󣬿ɲޣϸӮŻˡ
ΪЦԼܺܰġ
ء
սϵľ˲Ϣ䣬ͻӪͻɽӺ϶ԸѪ
Ӷ죬Ѫ任γɰ֮ƵϮ
ǧѪҹĬһǾ֪վ˲Ϣ䣬ơìһ׼˴ϮӺͻӪ
򡮵бʹûأʹв١бǰմ˰ɫӶʧȥսǡˡ
ԱʱԭйĵһĳͻӪӺһ̨ϹսĹ䶼̲סһ
Ǹͼϼʽʵ֮ͼ޷ģǳԾ𾪣ԾһǰҪֵ̩ɽǿݼǶǹٳϷݹ˵ġ
Ϊ˿øЩԾǰҪ֪ѪֳֵĹΪǸĪı󵽵кŵ
ǧ˶Կ˻ռϷ磬˲٣ôģ
ԹĿɿڴҲͬǰҪĸЩ
͵͵±仯·ߣ뷵Թ֮պ«ưɰܿӾܼǵסģǶû㶮סе·Ҳ״
ʳ԰սĻڻرϳ޴ս볡Уľ׮ӾҪײ
Ѫƿܵĺڲ¶ֱ۴ֵľ޼
ͻӪսδܿͱ޼䴩սϵʿҲڵرˡ
⣿
޼ݻսϺ궼û
Ծɫף촽Щ޼ԸԹĴԹʤ㡣
ӮƾԶһСͻӪ԰սֽкãȫȻͻӪҲ֮һպҪ̣ͻӪҲҪϳġ
ָӵӺͻӪҪһЩ֪Ѫдɱо󶼸
Щаԣܿ̽ЩİأӺû̫Ҳѡ
ӺͻӪƳսɷѪƽֻܣ޼Ĳ䲻λĻѪҲԿһսͻƾͺٺΧ
ٴλѪɼرɽ
󷽵Ľ׳ūƳһͬŲĳݣΪҲǹʱڲƿ¶ľ޴ڿڣڶͬŴĹžʹӿһž޴Ļֱս˲ͰսҸ顣
ѾǹļޣӮҪĻ׵ʱʵֲˡ
ɱ
ѪͬҰ˲ս
Ƽ᲻ɴݣìޱȣǵأӿµĻѽľĶɢˡ
Сʿˣڵϣ߶췣ŵõӶˣĶж־
ºͻڵɫޱѿеָӲԼľˡ
սֻά˲ʱ䣬ѪԴݿĽģʽȫʤǧһ
ӺͻӪˡ룬µĶճĴŵýеͶˡ
ȫĬǻδӾлعеֶڷ
Щ޴Ļ򵽵Ǵģ
ԹµʿķӦȷʵЩƵˡ
Ծתͷͷ˵ӮѹֻЩԹɴѹȷʵڽǿʵԹֻҲֲˡ
ӮۿݣǲǾԹǩ飬ͻμֱӶعǳǺμǣԹ
ԾѹסԼĿ־壬뾡콫Ϣȥ
ߵĹ֮ʣӺͻӪҲЩǲǾͲ䣿
ͱ쾷ɲ˵Ѫָӣľ֮ǻǺεȵ磬ȺԾͳñ߾԰񣬽վûѪܴʤͷǸĪı㹻ӺͻӪһˣʹͻֻ뾡սˡ
ͻڣô֪ģ߷ֶߡ
ٲȻΪҷ۵ĳ쾣ʲôѪȫʤ˵ʲô˵̫ˣ꣡ˡ
Ӯ˵ʲôȻǿĶһ
Լǵ˾ͷӣһվֱһ̧͸ˡ
Ƶǰ档
ЩѾɲԼյͳ˧ۿ˲ͺˣǲ˭ԼɱӮһһʤ飬еӭҪûˡ
ⱾȡʤٳͷԱӮǰʱЩܵģӮʱԾɲӵ鸴ӣɵûͷӮҪΪԼƣ֮鵽Լϡ
øˣľͺȱһ飬ÿġ
ӮǲǵƻرȨͻ뿪ʶֿ֮ûɹղŻӮԼԼ󱳵ı°̺ۣӮۡΡŲ£Ӷѡ
ҪӮҲͬҪһλӢĹ
ӮӶ·ûĸӣΪǸ˻ˣͽѹϸԼһֱڱ֧Ҫ¡
˵ľٶڹһˣ˻ϲ˳ɫѿľκ
󲿷˶ھݴʱһ۵ʿ廤Ŀ̨ѪĵѪգۼͳӮɱ
д̿ͣСģԪνǰ
ӮӦܿ죬ܿ͵ϮĽ档
ʱһγ֣û뵽Ϊ˶ԸҪɱԼĴ̿͡
ȻǸΣյְҵ¶Ҫ̿׷ɱ̫ˡ
Ƶ󣬲Ԫҽ
Узײľϻд̿ͣɫǲѿˣ˭ıӵ
ҷ۲ĳǰɤӿ޺ϡ
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Ӯ˼ͷӣ̫ȭ˸ղס̿͵ͭ
˵ʵʱͭҲֵȼģ̿ԾƷƳϿ˸֣Ҫʱ˳˰ѶԷ
ȻҽŮǷֵġ
ףŮİ
˵أô̿͸ͷôСƵģ˭һһ˵ȫûȫкòãҪŮľͽ͵ͨˡ
װĴ̿ۼ̲ŭѪѾΧ£֪Լձ֮ǰҲһҪµ
ȥɣ̿͵
ӮҪ˵ѾˣȰλŮɱˣŮȴͻȻתϵ⡣

Ӯû˸ղŵĲһ̫ȭʱΪɱбŴ̿͵Ҫȥ
ɱˣҲûɱˣǶԷˣ
ԪǰҪý
ۣ
һöָ̿͵ϥǣϣɫĮɱµС
СѲӮʼǰѣǾθĶܳΪɱˡ
ѵһ̿͹أ֧ͭûе¡
⽫С׼̿͵ʺ𶯡


26 
ѪѸٽ̿,ʱӮһ
㲻ú
Ԫ̿͵ˣɫܵˮȵȥ󣡡
,ѪƤ,Ҷδ,Ҳ̡
˶ץסˣߵ¾ͺð,Ӯܹȥ⣬û°ɣû㣿
СҲ£ԼǵĴ̿Ļ˵Ӯ
û£̿Ӧúúò顣
ͻӪפɽ˵ȶǾݣرɭϣ̿ôġ
ɱĴ,һ˿ûӣҴ̿͵ֲʽ,ȫǱȥģضܹѵѰˡ
Ӯûˣ̨˿,Ҳ˼ʱԼʧ
ЦģղƴȥݣΪ̫ļȵԼ,ֱˤˣֽŲģⶼѾС˴̿ͣžѪóì̿ͲסۼıԿ޵һѱһᡣ
ϡ˹ͱסӮСȡ
Ӯǳ鴤̧Ÿһ£Ϸݹͷ˰㣡
תȥЦǰδֳˣΪ˱涼Ҫˡ
ԹҲܶҷ˵ݻܼ̤ҷ۵һƬģӮֻ̡
ˣûʲôϽһ͵˵ĵӹǰ
ҲǹҷۣҷҪǸǱԼ˶Ҫܡ
˱˵ĳ쾽һգֽɫһ˵ϣ̿ʹκϻѣôκϲ𡣡
ÿʿ嶼Լıʶūӡģ·ȻҲ⣬ģ̿ϵľκϻװ硣
ɱ̫ͻȻ˷Ӧ̿ͶѾѺȥˣѪ̨ϵҲΧ
߱Ĵ˶æƲϵ䲻ðôһ䣬ֱӾͽìͷָκϣκ۹
ԩϲһ֮ʰԸ̿κϾ޹ϵ
˵ûϵûϵϴҲκϵķУһ⣬ܲɺ˰ɣô̿ͲװɱһͶκϵġ
Ϊ䣬ѾκΪжд̣ھͲٵ
ƥҪ˵κ޵Ҫȥ˺ó쾵졣
Ƥĺܣ¸κѽҾƲ⣬㼱ʲôۡ
ԾһҲڴˣǿЦǻ̸в
ӮҲ˳ͷۣ죡
ֳ˲䰲š
ԾʵҲĵӮὫ¼޻ԹǽԹɶˣʾ֭ԲߣĶпЦ顣
ӮҲϽȥ֪̿ͣ˭ĻǵҪ
سǣ
ء
ϵĺŽٴ𣬺ڷҡľ޴콵ĵĶǰſ
ļױڲã̿ĺƣ̿ѡڰ·ϷδȿѾѪˡ
ҡεĳڣӮѵóĬ
ΪԼڹల¾İȫˣû뵽ųΣôļױ»֮˳룬ûе书ӣѾ˴̿͵Ľ꣬봩ȥһɱ˾ˣزȥأ
Ȼȫ͸ĵ뷨Ҳ֪һݸһȲ衣
̿δؾָɡ
ţӮ̧ͷӹҲûкȣʣ֪Ǵ̿͵ĵϸ
⸧ů¯˵˵Ǵ̿͵ͭϿһұ²⣬ֻûʮȷȸ̨ѡһǱڳߴ̽Ϣ˵òǣܸ裬ܵóϲһֱǶ衣

Ϣ̫Ӯˡ
Ҳ֪飬ͣȸ̨ϸĵطΨ֪䶼ֻţ⣬Ҳ͸¶ǰպĸҴ˸Ϣ˵ڳߵݱ¶ˣ˳߳彣˳֪ټ
Ӯһ±Ʊ±ơ
˴ӸѰͯüֶνɼݳȾмеٮٮߣҲΪ޲Żᱻ²ȸ̨ĸ˶ҲѾڣԱͻģڳʧˣǲŵġ
Ϊǿ
ѹָղȿ̿͵ĳᱻ⳶䣬ٲɫҡͷûֱѪ̿Ѻȥˣԭǲ˿̿͵Ŀ
ʲôҪ˲֪Ŷ֪ݳȾǱӵϢºӦҲ֪ȴΨû˸㣬ǻ뽫ܿգâ̫¶
ҲĵĵطӮΪѾ¶˷âҲֳҪѹʿ壬ǲܿӮٵǵģƱػᷴݳȾһָɣȴҲųûиʿ˺ɡ
ҡǣ񿴵ڿſľ޳Żˣڵͷ̧
Ӯ͸⿴صĳ񣬾ڰǽ±ֽϵūѩѹÿҪ̮ݶ
һֱΪʱҲûԼ⣬ڿԶҪпᣬʿ塢սҡġЩǰҲû취û
£ָճȭͷ
Ҫʷµʲô߲Ųһ⡣
罫ĻɢϸƬŲ֪ƮδôƮܻأµһѩѹһˣ괺ᷢѿ
.
յĵΣǽں͵Զǳʪģ̵Ĳм֪ǺµˣѾʭӣҲûлܻųȥ
ݳȾụ̂ϥǵҲûбγѪʪ˿ûзӦ֪Լ϶ᱻԼ̣ʲô
εĸ֨ԶȻͣڹѺݳȾηſڡ
⴩ĺůȻЩܲ˵ε
ŵԪ̵ӣﲻĵطȥɡ
ŮԾϣǰ̸ͥ£ӾǳþϲɽӲҪεģԪֲҲӦҲʵڵӵܲסεҪиʧϷǰƤɡ
ݳȾܲУѰ̷Դȸ̨ѵļûãǶϰˣһ˲̵ʹࡣ
ϲ֪ĴͲž綾׼ʧʱ˶õģݳȾҲ֪ûãӮЩõģԪȲ̡
ȴûĵȣҪ֪˭ڱݳȾ
ݳȾÿصƤ˭Ц
ҵ˭ԭ󽫾󽫾˻ǸĪҲǸ˯ˣ᲻ñˣ
ݵƤѾժˣݳȾڶǺںҩˮ޵Ҳǿֺˣ˵ҲûȤ
ݳȾЩ֮޶ԣΪԼ뻤ŵӮǱЩûҪݳȾ͡
Ҳ׽һ˿ͬѰһĨ٬ЦȾ⻰˵ļⰡĪǹԳԲŲֱֻ֣£׵߳彣֪彣Ǵġ
֣ݳȾɫȫˡ
-----------------------
л˵ǳԾһ죬еԹˣˣĹˡ


27 
ܿݳȾͻָ,ӵȫ˵ϥǡ
κϻķ٣µƤ޵ҩ,˫۷·˵,ЦЦĶµж,ɤʪĵε
ǽ֮ˣ󽫾αطĲһ˵¡
ѪģϥŲηǰҪ⡣
Ԫ̰νס
ᣡ
ҶԽ,ɱ֮
£޷ֵġ
ҲУŮֶιܣòԪǲҵġ
ɽݳȾѺسǵ;һֱӣŪˣؽεĵɱסڵġѡ
Ӯûл괩֮ǰѾؽˣҲǱļ,֪ԭΪΣǱݳȾ޲ɱˡ
ӮԪĻ㱨˲;ùȻ˲ò࣬ôõĴôǸɱİ,̫ˣϽʮڲ˿
ԪٴУ⡣
ݳȾѹûԪ,ԿҪԼӵͭҲ޶ԣֻжǿƬ̱㴹ͷ̶ĳЦЦּžͯ},ֵطСĶᱻŵӡ
ܵ
ЦݳȾתźۿ⣬ֱӵжǵܡ
Ϸҩ󽫾ҲǺֶΰ
ʱ仯ǱҴĺ£Ǿȵü
֪
⣬Ҳֻиĸ֪
ΪܺͺϽ˲Ųѽ͸¶ţͨڹ߽Ϸҩ͵ϡ
ʱ͸һöԷûôͬź
ҩԼУñΪԼãͻе̥ȤΨŲŻһԮ֣򱩾һѰͷϸϾɱ
Ӯ߶һ仰ûѵ͡
ô˻ȨԺűûʮּɵһ壬ŲΪ˺ô͸ʱʢıԡ
ҪܽɱαͲͬˣ˳ӻںŵĲ˳λ
¾ףž˳µʱǺһˡ
ɫ̹ȻܻˣݳȾ¶ȯյЦ˻ԭץϵһòݸ档
Ϊô£Ӻлʲôùҡ
ȸֻ̨ԶɣԹΪΣȸ̨мӣЩļլжȸ̨˶δ֪
δȨ֮ǰʿ嶼ܴԼļ檣ɱŹľԼıĻᱻȸ̨䡣
ȸ̨Ҳʹȸ̨Ǳеĵ뿳˭Ϳ˭
ݳȾ̽Լжǣ֪ݳȾЩк
ǰѪУ⣬κū˵ڣΪ
ôݳȾֱ׳ʡ
㻹һ㶼
Ͳ𣿡Ķǳ
ѡ̹ףҿ飬һ
֪Ӯɱ֮ˣݳȾ֮飬ܽס
ݳȾͣòݸĶ΢΢ŲƵĹ⡣
ͻȻͨһ㣬ݳȾЦøӷ˵أ󽫾֮ˣ̵µ˴ϳ裬Ǳ类ɱ˰ɣϡɱ˱ֲ֪ŪһƵļװɱˡ
ⴹջҪסݳȾ뷨
Ȼ㲻Ը˵Ǿˡ
ԼһƬ⣬κݳȾ飬Ҳٷѿࡣ
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ͫ͵ɪȷʵϸڡ
ƳߵԪսĿǰʲôûһ
ܻ󣬶硣
תݳȾƾ޾ݵھͿɱ㡣
ݳȾҲ£Ҳ
Լ֡
ݳȾĺ۵תȦƺͨˣ˵ҿԸ֪ġ
ⲻû
Ҿϲ˴򽻵
ϻ˵㡣

⵹ˣˣ
ݳȾһ㶼ںĳЦĿ˵֪㲻Ϊá
˵ĻҲǵ㵽Ϊֹģס
һῼǡӦˡ
εĸ֨ԶȥݳȾҲɻصϣЩۣɱ۾ȫϮʺѪӰִġ˵Ŀ־
.
ŵԾߣӮŻɽӣҪ
ҲҪ˵˳극ͽ׸
ҽȥμݳȾû
ӮˣȥǸֱˡ
ǸɭֲĵطȥһξͲȥڶˣӲȥˡ
ⷭЩдı鿴ĽζҲûܾá
Ժȥˣǵطá
֪ģҲ˳ƵͷֵݳȾ㲻Ǳˡ
ҿӮ𾪣۾Բˣ̽ϰ
ʲôðԼĻ
Ӯڰ֣ûɶȲ˵ǣô֪ģһֱԼݵĺܺð
ƳһۣЦأ㶼ˣ䡣
ԭ⣬ɵʱҪǲֿɾҪˡ
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Ҳδأⲻѹ̫󣬡ңҲˣ㻳ôû֤ݣֻҪ㲻Ͼ˭Ҳκβ㡣
˵ӮͰˣҲǡ
ݳȾ̸ˡ
ţ
ұĻ֮ˡ
˭ˣӮҲܺ棬˭ôҪԭ
ᵽڷ±飬ɫء
մȾ
ݳȾ϶䵱Ǳ彣ݳȾɫޱ䡣
䵱кϻ֮еģΪʲôҲһţ벻ס
Ӯ£ȭͷ˵ԼûɱˣҲ˭ΪУûҪ˭ȥ
ҲЩΪʲôҪԼ֣Ҫǲľʿ壬ҶΪ˱⵫Ҫְš
⾲Ŀ֪ԴУô
ӳӮϣӰζ˳Ľë衣
Ӯ¶һЦңŶûУ
ʲôû˵ֻǽԼӮϣѡѾˡ
ӮͷƽԼ*͸˵ǰͥԾ֮¡
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ҲǳһԹѡһλŮӼ޸㣿
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˼Σҡͷ²ף㲻ܴӦ
ԸӮȢŮԾ̫գȢŮһ¾޴̸
֪ʱ͸ܾˣԾǰҵɵˣҲǸ࣬ܳöÿȢҿζ氡
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ͲԼ֣ҪȢˣ
ϸϸرǰµĽ궼ˣӮƽʱû¾Ͱץ棬ָͷ߿ۿġ
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ɫŻͣǶԸӮ˵һ濴ȥˡ
ӮŵǸЦ˺þòŻⲻ䲻ȵĺ
ҪǳĺģԺͱҵĴ
ӮС˲ɲæģ췢ģҶʼһ
û뷨һ˼Ųⲻˣ֪ȫ˼ʳڲ
.
ӮĿǷΧҲûٸԾȥ
Ȼ˶ӣҲûҪװˣֱӸԾͬǾսϼ
ûټԾɳȥ
ҷ۲ӮԭԼͼӴ׳ЦԾһ
ǹ֮ˣ˫ΨϣԹͺôĿҪԼòŮǿǹĿͷʡôȥЦ
½֪ŮòɱһϴȻòԾҲ̲ˣ˽ҪɱˣԹǱĵѪ
ϵ׳ܵķɿ졣
Ӯ̬ǿӲԹӳȣȴһ˸Ȱ
źµĳĬͷԣκԹ˲Ͼɽɱ֮κϻδϴɣκڳеӰԶǰ
ǳ쾱Ӯո¶ͷǣӮõĺֵܳĵˬ˻ܿΪѪĻڡ͹ʱ׼˺һ
ǿսԾ֪Թʤ㣬Ӻ˺ܶԹҥԡ
Ůӡĸģ֪Ӯǲٸˡ
Ծڴһ񣬹òųٴŻȥ
Թʱ䲻ˣǩ飬Թա
.
µף빫󣬾ʹ
ͬʱһʹɵǳǰȥ
.
ĺ£ѪһĺɫڻҰ˺һѷ죬סյôʻ
ϣƮ
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޶ѵδ䣬֬촽ϸüޣΪˡ
˫ǳǰΪ֮Ȼʧɫ

Ѫᳯһӣ˳з϶Ҳ֮زز
ڣֻܼȴѾӵһߣöֱ֮ǿ˼㡣
ϣϢˣڹţƺͽλȨĴ󽫾ĳЩס
ڴЦҪֻΪȡδֵıꡣ
.
Ӯû뵽λɸԾһԾֻŮӣһ֮˼ʵȽǿҪŪ˻Щɱڻûʸƽƽ
ʱһֱڹŻٹ䵽ǰͥ
ѾõݳȾĿڹ֤ҲУȽκóλģĵļƻֻʱѹ¡
鷳һһӮҲùĽ˸/׵оüĿѾ׼׶Ρ
-----------------------
л˵֪ǻǵ֮ǰֻȸȮԣûڳˣȻҲҪ˵ƤĴĺӰɷԼԼ䶼Թ


28 
ûڷӳҪл//,׼ȷ˵Ӧýб/ը/ԭǽڻ/ҩɰĿǵУȼӳڹܷȥ
ʱδ󿪲,ʱ޷ʵ,Ӯֻͭ/ը/,ǿԶ,Գը/ըʱĸѹ͸¾ͺըš
ĵطڳǽԲﶼѪɨֹ˵ȿ
ӮʹŹĽ˴𾭹θĻڣȼͭƵı/ը/ͶڹУ䡣
Ӯڵ˶סڹڵ죬±/ը/֮ǰըŻƵ
Ϊ˰ȫ˶棬ֶɿһӣöƵͷ
šౡһ,/ը/ڳɹȥڰγһǵߣȻ׵,ȼըض֮𶯣ŷɽʯܣ±Ϊƽ,ԭըһ޴ӡ
ӮſסԴ䶼죬ͷ϶
Ҳûõȥ,һμʶڵǶŵˡ
ǰܷѾò˼ˣ޴ı/ը/췣ŵ˫ȷþòҶ
Ӯϵ죺ǳɹһ
ǽͻҲѳڵİŻˣΪǵضæϼҴڲֻյܡ
Щ˼ҵݶѩϡﻩĲ㽫ĳڵ£سǵӺٴУʿҲǽķ
ɢȥӮŴŻعĽȥǸըӣһ˶ߡ
©κϸڡ
Ǳ/ը/һγɹըݶҪ¼ȥ̡֮
רʶֶĽ˸ͬʱӮҲԼӦóһˣҵרȻ³ɻӰЧʰ
ȻˣṩͷϵļָרҵȥУ°빦ˡ
ڱд칤Ȿй17͵İٿȫ൱ḻũҵֹҵҵ档
ǰû¾ͰݼǵһЩдĻҲ㹻ʱõˡ
ĺæͲ뽫ʱ˷Щթ棬˲ӣ¶ܺòŹ֣ҲһֱΪԼᷴȫǱƵģĻСͻûҵйŮ˾䣡Ҳ죡
ݼ¼ãֳĲƬҲӮŶسǡ
ԴϴεĴɱж˻뿿벽
ûعתȥѪУ
Щⶼ˳Уп߸ˣӺôһӮô࣬Ȱ˼ɽţҲ
УûĳݣѴͨūͽΪ͵¬ȥʡ
˵ϣӱ·˽ӵȥˡ
ϸƣͥҲع֣ĻǼ⣬֮Źصﲻż̤ˣϺϵĹӹŮš
Ǿȥҡ
ĳݴӽֵʻȥӮʹС⿴
ũҵչҲͣյӲù
ӺΪĳǳҲû෱Ӯִ˿ĳǽȷʵô
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һǽ֮ڳǣҲʿסĵطһ󣬽ֵŴʯ壬Щʯ嶼ūʯɽġ
λڳǵ̷ַǸûʣ·磬춼ˡ
־޴ӮûִҲкܶ಻ԣĹңƶߺǮ˵ľرǽ׼ԴĲƽģûкѽܣֻ뾡ԼֲܽСó񶼳Աɡ
иҪһ㣬ʱūƶȣҪıʲôǾʹ￪ʼҲʱ⡣
ʿγɵֻ׼ҪڹλϣƫҪҪʿʹµ
һҵĵҲĵҪȷչΨŵѽ㹻ܴȥĸ
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֤ͭƱ/ը/У̫ԭĿⷿᱻͿգȥ϶ǲеģҪӱĵطǮ
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Ū׬ǮĶŪʲôأֽմɣ
񶼿ԣ᲻̫зˣڲ֪˫۾ѵЩóܲס˵
Ҹϻˣ˭أϣϣǳϣ
ȻõѡͷԴҲޡ
Ҳͦʵһˡ
ͻȻһ뵽һѵĺ顣

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Ĵ֮ף涼Ƚǿҳͭο˵ʯ˵С
ҵũҵҲչĲ͸˵ˣشòȥϱ
ӮԽԽڳڲĹȥЦ
һ㶼ִˣеȲҪԷ̸̸
мǮԴ˲ţֱǾѵʹͶˣƵԼӪԹͶȫ
ҼֱǸţ
ӮЦ񾭲
·ϵĳȴ硣
ŻеͣĪȾ˷纮
ȥҽ
ȻմϹϵû£ˣҲ׷Ҳ·Ͼ͸Ⱦ纮ǰֲˣ
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һԣԾֱӷѽˣҲʵͳһҵ
.
ôţӦУ·Щնˡ
ŽܿЩַƵռܻؼˣ·˱ŻѵãԼҲкЩղÿ̽Ůˣй֪ŮУȥӻؼСۡ
캮ضëһҲУҲǰ֣֪е˲ࡣ
֪˻֪ʲô粨
ҲЩĺŻԴҪЮӮʿѹû˻ȨĿǰԲǺ¡
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ӹҧһСڣЩζܺθڣʣģ
ʹѵãǹҲС
·˼Ծ͸ˣ˵ǰЩ̶Ӵ˼Ĺӣ˵еģʱڳ죬Ҫ⣬Щʣ𣬾ˣⷿУ㰮Ծʹȥ
شߺأ˸Թ·;ңԶӺ
ڼŻж·ѵ·˻ҧӳԡ
Ҳ֪⣿
·˵ͷϸϸĦŮӣЩɫŰġ
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ô¡
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·˵ȻҲ˵ˣֻǲ̫š
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ĸףϲȢޡ
˵Ӯû뷨ˣ֮λҲֻˡ
·˻ʣһ졣
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ô£
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л˵øŶպĩиˮݳԵǽһ㣬ҸҰ裬Ųһζ˶yue껨ʺһצ񡭡


29 
֪춯Գǽ,·˻ǲģͳǲ̽
ʱ˵ĸײصǣǾŪĶ
Ӯ˵ǽ,һȥ,Ӯ,¾͸е̥
·˾δԴǰϱѹ,Ů裬з紵ݶļµëҲҽüأҩҲ˲٣ǲá
ղôһţ໹ֱҪؿڱĳƵġ
춯ͻȻˣ·ͬסϼլŮǷ׷״ԼԺг۵·ߡ
֪շ˽СӻؼС,ĸŮú˵˵强֮ǰûй
ѵӣѪ֮Щ,ʱȴҲͲסСŮԣıߣͬ̺СöԼ,ǵһ˶Цˡ
⻳е²̫֪öŵģҲδ,ЩֻǳЩδ
·˵Щͬ沾Ͳһˣһ۾ͿӲ㣬ȻоҲûж졣
ֻ̵ĸ׼˴ӽžŸ˭ûɫ˭ǷƵġ
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ﲻȰ磬ţǼ⣬ǳ˼壬ʱ˵ЩĻȰܶζ޼¡
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쳤ѵûؼңǸ£Ҳ˵˵ЦЦģΨ˶ʵѿǴ˷˵
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˻һ˶ɫٿǸ䳰ȷ˺죬ĪӻˣƽﱧԹҲͰˣĻܵ˵ڣΪ·˲Ὣβɡ
ˡ
ȫȻԼ˵ǳⲻվԼߵĴŮҲǰһպѰ÷ҿɱҡ
˵̸ѿ
·Ҳûָżˣ棣㣡
ͦΣ˵
ߣӶˣϻؼȥֻҲ᲻ã·ҲǺǵģм˵ʹ
˭˲֪ϵΪԱ㽫òĹŮȮΪ檣һֱʿڸҲΪμϲôöòõԭ
Ӻ񶼻гΪȮ壬ǰȥǨȮֵؽ硣
ȮǹҰˣ벻ԭʿۣΪȮ׳רŵū˵ץȮֽѱٸ߼ԭʿ塣
ʿὫйŮͼū⽫һںεء
дʹüŮѼ޳ȥλӲҪȢˣʳϵû취˲ͬ⣬ȻҲʿŮţڷ˵϶ˣǿЦ
ͬסһ£·ҲҼ˵ĶǰѿͷԼŻᷴ⵽˻򰵵ĴҲȡԹԼ
Ȿͬ˼ƽ̫࣬ȷʵԼǣܹǷµġ
ɿ̵ͷѿ֪ǺãҲģԼãСã̶ǸľӣĲӦþЩ
ȰȰ·ˣĸף˵ˡ
ҿЩˣ˵Ҳ̶
·ҲʶԼĻҲ˺ˣԼŮûĸĸ̵Ůڮ١
ڼˣѾûȥˣ޿ԼԺӡ
֪Լдȣ·˺
ˣ㣬
άĻҲ˵ڣ˵Щʵ̫ˣΪ˻סϲܵЩ裬˶㣬ΨĴԹޡ
û£ȥº͵
̸мĿ˫ᣬǱﲻסί㡭
ҲֻгĴãﶼָպܼ޸ϸŵʿΪޡ
Ѿ˷ħĵزţͱֵʮ磬ȫȻ˳㵱վǱơ
⽫ľýеߣְ̧ᣬϸİοҲὫЩϵģϵĹҲȱ˼ҵһȣ㽫࿴ϵˣֻܸңþΪ㱣ýĸС㡣
ΪЦߵ㣬ҿЦ
ɲǿЦƶ󼸸£Ҳ࿴˼ˡ
ҡҲˡ
ҲǹŸ˵仰ģǲˣĻ¶ɵ˵ˣͿ޵Ҫ֪⣬ѾǲˣѰú÷ңպõ̧ͷ
ˣʲôʣûвò˵뷨
ҧԥ˺ܾò˵볯
ʫ飬ŻҲȱ˲˶볯һҵΪβܡ
ԴӼʺԾͷת䣬䵱ϵһϯ֮أճҲڹԮ
˵Ͳ̧ͷ³˵ԼҲ¿˳Ц
ڼ䰲Ψ̶οЦ̶ǳˡ
һֱû˵ƴʱҲЦֵ־Ǻ°
С²塣
Ҫ䣡
ʲô˵ͯ޼ɰ
Сá̽קҪƨɡ
СƨܽԼճ̾˵Ժôˡ
סֳһŵãǺ£кβɡ
𣿳㡣̲š
д⣬ұѡ¸صʦѧʡ
Ӯ˵лʿѿأʿ֮໥ټΨףټе²ŵ˱ҲˣЩ˶Ϊ竣ռһͷ˵Ϊı̰ᣬƽΪ·Ұǰ̤ȥ˥
Ӯ˸ĸ뷨Ҳͬ˵޳ɵģֻʱֻʿڳеЩϸʿ峷áԱԡİ취ѡ˲š
֪ΪԱԣӮ˵ǽԸ볯˼ԣĿר̶֮ͳһ֣ʤ
֣̾ΪҪΪʦ
Ҳֻһ֪ӮδҲǰ͸¶
ô࣬ҵľǣе
̾ûʣ·˴ԼҵԺӡ
źʹ˵Ҷ˾Ϳޡ
һȹȥ

ץֱߵĲյӹȥ۾ŭʲô㿴ұ趼Ҳ˸ǣ֪գ͸ýʡҲң
̱ܿϵƬ*ǰʣôûң
ʲʲô˾Ķ˿ޣŵĿǰŮֻúİ
꣬ʳˣǰδеɡ
ΪǼŮӳ˳ЦһֱǳûδĹһ仰ҲֻԼǰ̣նûԹ޹ҲԹҪվߣҲܡ
ûʲôȻطˡ
ת߳˵ӣ˼ϷĿ޺
.
ĳͣſڣͼҴҽ
·˻Ůڼ÷ͷԸճԵĲȣҲˣֻΪ磬˺ԼŸͳȻ󳯵Ӯ
Ӯմӳǽʵػͷһ㶼
ǡתιҲ
Ӯһ㲻⣬»ңЦըʱɢһȥϴϴͺˡ
˻⣬ҲǷ˵ĳϣûмʡ
Ӯ·˺ãְվںƽй˼Ŵ뿪
ص͸ȥԡ
ɽӵطСûأֻԡͰڵʹ̧ˮļ϶ոŵŮǰʻ
ҿɷʲôȥ˵ʱ;չֵֹġ
·˵ʱŮģãУ㽫ȥ˵ˡ
ӮͶǳĬ˺ܾá
.
£ֿʼѩ
ӺãһƬ۾˶ò
سǵӺŻڵĿգԼ۾ͻȻǰʺ졣
ʺ컺ͷϵʿڿϵ֣Ӳӵںҡ
ʿɴ۾̺ͬùĴѶ
ǳ죡ȥ죡
-----------------------
л˵ҿϧVٱƪĵ̫ˣ̨յٱվ׷С鲻Ҫģи˾͸Ͻ¼һ¶ˡƪǲͱ˺۲ˣô㣬ǻߣ˻һҾģûǮͱ˵ˣȥͱ𿴣ˢڸҷ[ī]


30 
׽,
ء
ںŽУʺĳڵִſڡ
,ݻý̻Իݡ
,ֱƶĳǱ
ڳ߰ݳūŮ,θ׳źʵƤվǾһСɽ,׶һͲǣһȭҪλ
Ӯʹӭ˼ҵĶôٿԼųôúᡣ
̬ãû£ĶôƳԼ
»治ð죬ںǿҪóĶС
ԭļйڳĲ֣ǲ,Һڱ棬ȻԭҲڳ߰
ֻϧݳȾöӻûþͱʶˣõ鱨һû
ݳȾԼ,ǸҲʮ־裬Ҳ⴫Ϣÿһʱͻݱ¶ļ,ҲǽҲѵġ
ӮݳȾԲǽӳʵǿĴ˿϶,Ϊ˰ȫ߿϶Ǹ֡
Ҳǽ䱸ɭϣݳȾڴ˳֮ôѲӳģ书ٸҲֱӴϷɰɣΪɽС
ԣݳȾضзǳҪǲ֡
ݳȾҲ͸¶һóúͷ۵⡣
ڳһ̶̼֯¾佨ڶ򣬲һԴԴӣʿжв̡
Щڽ̵ͷĿΪǳӵҲΣԸԼĺӡǮʳȵȫ׸ֻܴﻻһܹɢٲʥˮ
ںܶƽвʿǣУ˺ܲõӰ졣
ɱΧ˹̣ЩɱεھȻʿʹ̵ĺĳԱѣ־
ҪٴɱˣȴʿϷԡ
һҲʿƴ󣬳Ҫʿ壬Ͳ̫ǡ
ݳȾ֮ǰѾڳüطˡ̳湩ľͷĿʲôĸȵȣÿ𲻶ϣȸϴ󼯶֡
еĵطǵĳ̵ڣа绹ھɢƷǳ
ӮԴ̾˾ӣعǸʱյʷڽĳЩҿųߵӰΰҲɷӰ졣
Сʱ;һδģа/Ϯʲôʱֵķǳأ¡
һݳȾ˵̣ʥˮǹƻĵģ;ˡ
ݳȾ˵Ҳǳպ̣Ҫʿ
ҲйǣĿǰ˵ʿַǵѡ
ҪԼܰͷ󻼣ǲҲöʾ
ӮԽԽô¿У
֮ʣݾ͸ħƵһСľ̨ףȻ󳵼ݵŻ򿪣һϮĻʢõ壬Ǽͽ˵Ŀȥ
һѵķ٣貵Σ¶һ̣ضȻʧɫ
Ǵˣ治Ǵ˵
ԭСѾǴˣȨգǲС
ӮûŮŮҲֱŮģΨһľֻ⡣
ڵעĻˣԶ̨ףݸòỹܱСɣ
ϡһԵ²ò۾ճ˼ϵĹ
֮ǰӦһԵģǶ˻ǲˡ
Ӯһ죬Σȡ
ֲ
ʽĳϣ彣ӮϾС
ȻԭƷã彣൱ɵģϽԼʮ׳
ͭ죬ǳɶϣǶһž޴ĸ̣ҲǶʱҲΪ˳нвɫԿȥǻʮҫ۶Ŀ
ݳȾǱ彣ھͷڹͬǶ˳ĺ챦ʯ
ĺ˲촽ƻ塣
ӮϷ࣬һ㶼ûֳǰ׷졢Ϳ֪һӦôڼӲŸϣʱǿԼģ츳ɻصġ

ں۴Էʱ򣬳Ҳע
˵Ŀڰնݽ㣬ɫƽƽһоеĵȻ
۵һ˿ǰ·Ӯͼʱôı֮Ǹ㣬ݲˣױŭ
ҲȷʵϣӮⱻȨľһǧɡ
ԹַҲ⶯ǱͻȻð̰סֽţĴѾᵽ߾ˡ
ڵӮһ˿棬Ըͬˣ
Ҫ̽Ӯ׼ֻܱűˮڵ̬Ȼͬ⡣
϶Լܺ棬ȥʲôǬҪܲһ͸ˡ
Ȼһ㶼ĴԼĻƶǱ
׼̨ȥʱͻȻϷһֻ׾ϸָ֣ƽ·ϵƸԤʾ˲ͬ
Ǵ˵еĵƣһЩйص鼮Ͼмأߣ󲻿ԣӷת
Ӯ̧ͷ˳һ˿Цĺ
ʲô˼һѣ
Ȼ
»ɨ֣Լǽ׶ϡ
ϵҪ˲ĵز
һŵ˳ϵ㡣
Ҫִ϶Ǹˮء
ЦںɢûΪӮԼĺӮȤ
ӺǵߴŻȥ˵仯ǰˣţֻΪӮıƣڿмֿˡ
ӮЦ﷢ë
ӭѩʵ䣬챻ɵˡ
òѣӦò͹վڳǰ̸˵ذɡ
ٴȥҪʱˣʱźҪ俴⸱˵ӣ϶طȥⱲٲˡ
ãš³űߵİťžԶ
롣
ӮһûĽȥˣڹȻӸûʣҿռֱܴӵסû⡣
ԭЩҵѾܸˣû뵽˼ҳӲƴ֣ڵĵ̶ôĿǽӴľǱʯǶģҲ֪һҪǮǸ͡
ûСͻȻ˴Ϻʲôϡ棬ֻգֻϧ߰ʱֽûи
ߣȥ
áŤͷĵĸ̾
۵׻һĨΣյľȣòλִ죬֮Ҳվǰ˵֡
֪˲ᳬӮԶڽε֪
Լ˴Ŀģܿ˴𰸡
ڹС
˵ʲôӮûӦţ
ֵһݹȥ촰˵Ҫһˡ
Ҫ˭ӮŲ豭ů֣ͷװɵ㶡
ȴװɵܹԴĸ߰㹻ǿʵûнӮˣۣΪ˴Լ˻س
ݳȾ
.
ڹҹ磬Ƽȣ˿
γֻһҡ
ԣ챦ҲҲû
ڽŵҹ磬ҲȤǳཻ˼һµˣºֱñǿ׿Ľ䣬֮Ѿˡ
һʼιǰ˾ͱЦ³Թžͳ˸ʿ࣬ԺŮȥѧ
һ룬ȷʵñǿ׿˵ĵ
ڵĽöҲ٣𽥷ḻĶƷֲȵĶ͡ζ⳦ʵ裬ƷǳḻҲܻЩƷ಻ôõĶؼҳԣҲǳԶֻĶˡ
ʳΪ죬ߵʿҲҪԷģٸԣҲ֪ե֮ǰ˻ӺǽʿҲǽΪƷġ
ڰǰĲаĶнƵըζŶ±㶹ɡӷ۶ѿÿĶ𶹸
ʢõĶǴ
ϡȱ󣬳ҲֻӻĲӺÿ
˵ӮŪյڼױеȵȣɲء
󷽣ԼãϡϡϡϺ϶˼
ҷۿԱĳ䣬ٿڽΪԹ䣬ǽһ찡
ҹ磬֪˻ṷۿ˵ͣԽʾ֭ѽеûеĶ
ϣӮͳͬ
Ծ·һҪͬ߶û
Ӯ汭յ輧裬ȶ˰
ֻ˼ҹƮɽӣԲһ˳ԷĻ棬С͸ͻͻۡ
ʵڼǹңֽ¬Ըɽӿ˿ɳԺû
ȻͷЩ˰˵£ʵжסЩ˵죬ֱӷΪˣѸ£Ժʲôýġ
˵ʱҲûзԡ
ҹҲڣҲ̫Ը⿴ԾһԹŮ׵£Ӧ
͸ûҪˣλܳټǺԼͽӲɽû
ǣūȥ¬ͷС鲽С
ӮûܿˣԱߣȻˡ
λƺر𰮰¡
˵檶ǲɢˡ
ǰ󷽳ϣҪ˶֪ںܳ⡣
һۣûټԣǶյ˿
˼ߵۡ
ǾͶȵ㣬ǿǡ١ӮĹЧ˵
뵽ʲôǰڳһ̣֮࣬Ϊ̵ʥˮʥˮΰٲ̥ǣ֪꣬ǲҲдЧ
Ӯܵһɱ£ʵҪܳ꣬Ҳóˣö˭Լš
ɱʧˡ
ǰͬˡ
ӮĿһ£ǿװ򶨵һļı仯οˡ
ͬ˵ûѡ
ֹƻĵ̣õΣ֪ΪΣǺӮµĿ
Ӯ֪ʲôֱ׵ɲ֮ǰε
⻰˵ĿˣЩб壬㣬ָΣ
ӮҾа취Ҳھ͸㣬һѪΣŶûС
֪
ɾֲѳҭرһƽӮ
Һʱ¬ȥǷëȣŶṦͻˡ
ϣ͹ȥļţӷ˶ˣڿ顣
ھ񱻼˷ɽ͵ķʳ첻Ҳܰԣ˳ӺЩӸ˵ûؼҹ
ʲô飿Ӯʡ
ǰվд칤˵鼫ãȤ
д˼ҳѾһ𣿰ˣȥ鷿ҽдҳ͹ȥˣ˵ҽҹЩȥ˯ҡ
ÿθ˵ʲô˴ʲôĶǳơҡǡ¡Լû˶һ˼
Ƕ衣
ᵽǱ칤Ȥ²ڳʱй칤֪
㻹飿ھȣ׵ĳƺʡˡ
ᡣ
Ӯûй̼Էǲͱд£ǰԭǲοŲãɲһ
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л˵ЦˣϹϣͻȻӴϹϺܳһ̴ֻ껨껨ſڵʯŴ˾ͷɿܹȥըëˣӦڼҵʱ󶼸һرջ׷ҧƫƫֺ֣ܰﶼٲңȻ谭껨ӣſˣ껨ƽһ춼βͲҴ껨ǰ


31 
˵Ľ̸ܵ,׵λԶû֪Ƕ̸Щʲô
Ծ̸ֻо͸ǲƽ,Ǻƾơ
ҹӽβʱ߲ԾͣƬ,Ծϲ,ٱȴֻһɨ
Ǹ񰵺ɱ,Ծ󱳷ëƱ䣬ǾȹοһŻƵľա
ӮװĵŮôˣ
ûעģºˣȫ
ԾֲܶŭֻǿЦֻ˾Ʊ֡
ʧǣĹϵͲ,ӮⷢӣֻԹ
Թ䶼ܽţӺǿһöûֵ,ưͿˡ
ӮûƽϣЦͲˡ
Ҳȷһ£治Ծ
Ϊʲôأ
֮ǰԹһӣͽַ,˵ϵô
ΪʲôַˣóǺԹ
ǺԭóֱԽ˵Ǻ,Ӯ˵úܡ
ҹҹɢ䶼ȵ࣬ͲŻؼȥˡ
ݰǣܴܲȥסݣֻڹ˴羰ֿԺס
ЩǱҪڹģֻܸźŮǼ׳ɽɷŮǿˡ
.
ӮصɽʱѾ˯ˡ
˯ǳе紵ݶܾѣӮûŮԼҲϴ/
滹ȼ𣬹͸ϡܿ˯δ֪μʲôüͷš˸ƵĽһ
´ǱҧһСӡ߽Ӵ켷ģ壬ӮҪս˲ؼʡ
ŹϡҴӦ
ЩӮ̾͸̫⾭ʲôˡ
ԭ
̾һ̧üͷ£⡣
üһŵĸ࿪Ҫƽеʹ벻ȻеƺھЩ׵Ļ棬嶼΢΢
Ӯ״и
ܿ¡жǣС§뻳УԼůɢЩجΡ
Ĵı˵ŰοĻ
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˫յ۾Ҳһ˿ã־壬ʶҪ
ɵӮеԼȷԼӮʱ־˲ɢȡ֮ƽ밲ġ
ʱģ͸ج֮ƣ͵͵ģһͻ顣
ӮԺķ˿§øЩСһ˯جΡ
һˣ˯žûгĳ㡣
ԭ˯ܾòůıӮ¾ͱů
Ӯִ˿µĺӣʪʪȫ亹˳ƴ̽󱳣ϣҲ亹
ůҲܴһ亹˯ֲã͸ܵˡ
Żϣ´ȥýˮģƤ
ˣԼӣɵײϰԼ
Լ
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뵽⣬͸ʧ䡣
㡭Ӯôģʳڡ
ţʲôӮΪ֪ҹϵ£˵˶ӣЩ²÷˵һ̸Ҳ̫ģǿҲľ֧»пɲռġ
˵ԼҪɻ˵ڣֻ˳Ӯ˵ļ˵ȥ
뻢ıƤǺõģ̫Ӯˣ̫Σˡ
ǸԹѾˣҪǿУ䶼ҡģҿ϶Щ鷳ٰѽϣԺ̫ࡣ
ʼ̯ӣڲˣίᱻ۸ѽչٽǿʢǵ
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ů紺˯Ӯ˸ת˻˯е⣬Žһֱ۵Դ·
ӱ̫ȣһֱ۾ڱϣ̬ƽͣ೤ҹӦ˯ĺܺãûجΡ
ԷЩ̫ȭ᲻˵ůѣǰ״򲻶ȭϰѹ˹ˡ
ˣˣܰ⣬Цͦġ
ȻÿζҪôִ̧ˣֵ̫˾͸ɴŤͷһ߲
֮ǰûǸƤôˣһͳ˧ԭҲẦߡ
۽ëҪӣæָ۾ϷС˯˯
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ԭӮ޴⣬ˡ
֪ӮýȥУǹŷٶˣģؿھǶһŶƺܲģڵĻƵĴӮһǻ⡣
ֲѩͲеϮѪֻһСϹսڲպϳɱУѲɶָŻڷмŻֵܵ˵ǧ۳ŸԹַˣ㲻ҪǵŮӣó쾷ųĻ㵱Ǻ۵ģԾ㣬Թᵽ߾ô졣
˵ͺˣۿӮ*㶣Ȼ³һСӣίۿˣ춼˵һſµ
˲䱻룬һۣһǻڡ
֪ԼĻӮġ
ӮͷǱŶᣬԽԽ࣬Ѿˡ
Ҳ̲סվҳԱˣڵı/ը/ҪٸĽȥ֮ǰپ٣ܱûǿӦôӦԹĺףҾʹӦȢһŮ˻ܻҲͦġ
ٺܿ죬Ҵ˵Ϳ첽ſȥ
Դ죬ԼûǸ˼鼱֮¿ڲˡ
ӮûҪ͵˼Ѿš
ҡȵȣӮ
ǱһżҪվȥ׷ȴԼû·
һ˴ǰڵأ뻹ûüȵȶ
̵Ķϡ
·ͻȻŮɫ䣬ˣ
첽ܹȥҪȴ죬һͽⱧѵǼаֹ˹̵Ķ͸Ƥ
ӮŻˣ˷ŵϺ顣
ûУ𣿡ֳŮ𣬡ô£ôźģô˶סһиȽֲ㣬ǲ֪ˤ
Ůȫز̧ͷ
Ӯ侲˵㣬ˣˣȥҽ
Ůɶ⣬ǣ
ӮҲ뷢𣬿ɸղſˤϣͿƲסƢˡ
ǶӳµģˤôȥȹûѪҪǳѪ´ˡ
ߣûǸ˼ҡߡ˲ۣץס־ͲſߵӲͣµ
Ӯû޳ԭЩĻҲһ
һ˲Ͱ۵ĽдԼϣ˸
úúã߲ߣҲߣҲߵģ˰ҶۣˤҸۣԺûΣհԼ壬һͲˡ
ⷢ׵õЩΡ
-----------------------
л˵˸дأһ[]
ҿɲߣһʵŮģи޵Ưţѳ񣬼ֱ֧֣ӴؼҳԷ֣Ϊɶ֧֣Ϊ㾭ö˸˭ҲܲңҾҪҰģҽҪС໣ֻҪǺٿϾͦæģҲѯרҵʿûн֤ͺѺϷԹܣٵȵȿ˵߷ſںö㲻ŮͬĵŮԶԼӣ飬ߺöòȶѶ뷨ǰǲڿˣͻȻϲСˣж׼õкҾúҸȻС֮Ҳἰʱҷϲõģ҆µĻĻö࡭[]ףĻǰС鶼Ҹֱ[ī]


32 
ԼһΪ,ȴĻӮǲίֻίҲֲڵۡ
ҭŵһ˵,ȥ
˶ŵ̬Ǹ,Լٽƽϲɡ
Ӯ̾,ëԶòˡ
Ҳˣ,޾۾۵ġ
𷽲ۿίӾεУ
Ӯ׽ݣ侲֮ҲĹǣܶȷʵ̫̫Ȼˡ
ҲΪ˻ЩƮƮȻʱϻֻʣ°ķݡ
Ҳ˵ʱżĻ壬ˤô
ʱŮҽҴҸӮϽÿλãҽΪ
ҽϸΪ鿴ɾвʡ
޲ʡҡͷ,۾ȴһֱڿӮ
书ȻϣӦݣˤȥǿֱ۵ס˶,Զûˤŵģղſ̫żˣҲӰ쵽˸е̥Ѿûˡ
Ϊ,ҽǿ˱̥ҩԴ졣
ӮȫվڱϿţǵ,ֱҽⲢ޴ԷģִߴҽϿ쿪ӺŮץʱҩ
ҽˣŮҲȥҩˣһƨشߡ
ҪˣСൽڻͨͨ
ˤڵǿֿͣҪи̣֪ԼֿԶܵУûܡ
·ұȶĵطҲûˡ
⿿ڴͷӿʼżֵ߬СĴҲɿôעǰˣǰӻԸԼ뿪ΪԼڽ
ӮץסָͷԼĴָʳָָָᰴĦָ꣬ܿͷȺ˶ӮָͷսԼģ·סݶů
ӮȻýԾֵֹģҲû˵ʲôֻΪԳҽ鷳ŽǵģϾͬʱϣȷʵ˲Ҳϰ¡
ӮţҲջأֻ˵Ժ뷨Ҫʱ˵Լ͵͵ĥݣָʹˣЩ˶Ͳз硣Ƿ˵ҲûԼҲ˼ˣȷʵеԴˣ˺ܶණѵĺܼʱǲð鶼ôɡ
Ǵ̻ƽ֣⳯ⶼо飬ӦĽֻԼίƲͲˡ
־ܾͨķʽȷʵ̫ãҲȱһ˸еĳ죬µĴȷ侲ˣΪǸ
ǣⲻȥҿڲԣģҲһ⣬˵ǷģҲ롣ҲûԹǾУԹŮֻҲȨ֮ƣɱǰˣǰల͸ˣѹסԹܺãĺܺãǸ˵ģΪЩͶ룬ûӮ
Ӯί˵ģģҪʹֻںԼΪܽĻ˵ڣǡ
⻹ڻں֮УӮȴǸ˵Цˡ
һκ֣˵ԼҲӮԭ֮ǣͬͬҲܽܣһֱϽУʵҪҲֻƾϡ
ٽһΡ˵ǰ˫ֳ࣬˼ȥˡ
˿Ĺ˲ͽУһ¾κˣ˫շ糺졣
ʲô
ְ㣬ٽһΣһûһν֡
һʱ䶼֪˵ʲôãƬ̡
㰡Ӯߴ٣ء
򴽣͸תһߣʶҲͰˣôʵڽв
ҡҲУ㲻ǻȥȥɣѺˣûˣЩȥæɣ⡭
Ϊʲôаղ㶼ˣӮʾˣȻ˽ϲ֣ǰӲУˣٽһ
죬Ӷ쵽ӣžһˡ
㡭ҰɡʵںߣƿӮͻñӽԼס
ѽ
ӮҪƱӽڳקסɿӮֲ²СֻܰǿһÿͨԼƻˡ
úúãҲˣеʱٽС
Ӯ벻ͨٽһôͲˣ
ٴ֤˽ĺ׺ߣŪ
֮ǰҲǣ⶯죬ڶ˯һѰҲ§˯İô뿪˱ѣһ§һһµͲ˼ˡ
㲻ףĸ㲻ס
˵Լӷȥ¶һ˫ȥɡ
ˣղҲ֪˭ԼߵģӮһߵЬҲѡ
ȥˣڼ㡣
ůƸжǣЩжǡ
ԥ̲֮ס˹ȥڷ¶͸Ķ⣬ñͷӮץţȵĴҲɲ⡣
һ֫
ӮΪģЩͲ˰ůů
ҷһԼһھӮ
Ӯĺ󱳺˯
ûãҲ˰Ҳû˯ȶȥŸ˵
⣬㲻ȥ𣿡
ӮڱĿ񣬡żżǲź̸
żΪλ˵
ҹϵĲӮ֣ûŻ
֪д˱칤֪ݣϾһֱ׷ţ˵䣬ûȫ϶ץż¡Ҿǲ˭ƾʲôҾҪҺôǹÿæúܣйǳƪǴ£һ£ٲԣҲ㷹ʳûС
ôˣҲϸӰͽᣬǴôҲǰٲҲĴ֮һ
˵£͹˲ɬˣ˼⣺Ҳá
ȲǣǹԼġ
Ӯֵߵ§㣬̫ñˡ
.
һղӰżķԾ
֪˻ͳһݼóԹðž޴Σð׮ҪɱݳȾ
һڳд̣ǱӻؽӮͼɱˣŹ
ݳȾֻڵι˼죬ܿͻȸ̨Ǳ߲رɭȻǼֵĻᡣ
ֻϧ׮ûܳɹɱݳȾֻܿͱѪأ׮ݱ¶ˡ
ݳȾͽӮס
ɳȥ̽ϢĸҴҸϻأŮӣ̬
Ծ͵վʣǲˣ
ֹǲˣĸǵ亹һֱӱŮˡ
ΪΣԾ󾪡
ĸ֪ԼӲҹϳͶӼƣùȻҲûȤ
Щ˵Լͷء
ĸֻܸе鱨²⣺ݳȾڳʱʮֵó衭
˵ŮҲ⡣
Ծȴǲţȥܣʲôˣһ顣
ĸҶԣڵһ
ãԾɨϵĲյ
ž
ȫˣƬֱӷɵĸǰͱ۾ҲҶ
Ӯ̫
Ծҧгݣ۵ȫǺ⡣
.
ⳡѩµĹƮ˶ë
׸ռСͱůӮ˵žͲţ׸һ졣
Ҳûţд֮ǰûд칤
ѾдĲˣҪ֪ľǼҲûУЩûסֻܼǵסдϾʹɾˡ
⻹Լľ˸ĶǰЩȥУҲⶢʿ
˸ռӵһߵͷдԼģ֮ͷۡ
ӮëʵܲҲ̶ãΪʱûͳһ֣д͸ѡ
ҪΪʲôʶʱ֣߸ңҪж׷ĪÿѧҲ޷ͣ˭̾Ͳȥ͵
дѿҲΣԭҲÿȥһ֡ŴȻͳдһֹ֣ͱʶƼˡ
֡дõ壬üһ塣
Ӯһ죬صƨɵ¡
֪ԼֲÿǿдһƯС׭ٿԼдĹֱһһء
Ө쵽ǰɤ룬ִЩڳĹ䡣
ҿ
Ҫ塣
һ󣺡سһݸ㿴вУ
ͷЦȴŹԼɨ壬Ǳ飬Ҳ칤ɷ
ҲЦ֣дʲô
ӮŲţղžЦˣҵֳ󡣡

㿴û˵˰ɣЦˡӮӣͲڵϴˡ
ȻҲжԸķӣŶӣüѽҶۡ
йȻʹӮչŵôôˣˣ쵽ȥҽ˵ҪԴƵûҪ죬ұشϡ
ҪŮȥҽѾżˡ
Խû壬ǰ˻Ρ
ƭġһ˵ϵ
ӮӦԼ˵뽫ˣӵ˴һƨɡ
滵㣬ȻУ֪ģ㻹ƭҡ
˭㲻ҿġ
ӮСĻԲжǣһֻţôĶӣ彡˶ܲסۣ˫вˣ͸ˡ
СЩˡ
ڱüıߵ壬Ӯȱʾ뿴ͿɣҲǵһοԼ֡
ĿӮΪ׼ĴͷϣϻʵëС
ҳϸݲ޶٣оٵ̷ֻͲ㼶淶
÷棿
ݣ⣬̧ͷɻĿϼдӮ
Ӯ֪Ҫʣοķ淨еһݣ̷桢÷Լƶȡ
÷ͰũҵֹҵҵЩڽûӦɷ
ҵʿ齨̶ӡ̷Ʒ۸ʿ˵㣬ôǼ۾ôǼۣϰţֻǼ۹˲ŻʵһûС̧Ƿġ
һĩ˵ûйزɷԲýǿоԶԶģҵũҵҪչҪչҪȷķɷ棬ʿƿЩˡҴоķչʷ֮ǰҲͦģʼչǽʮ꣬Ҳǳλļ꣬ʿȨҲѹ˳ķչȻ϶Ͳֻˮƽˡ
ʿ岻óľȨǿԼѹƣڲҲ٣ʿǿʢκһ˵ͷ󻼡
Ӯ˵ʿȨƱֻ˵Ҳû̫ȡ
Ǵʿ嶯ˣ
-----------------------
л˵ҼкüҰ䣬ҰֺǰںɽŪյķ䣬˶ʱȥ۷ˣȻţ۷ˣ䲻סַ˼һֱôܣԼۣڶû˵ɽȡۣҰΪȥˣҲΪҰȥˡ͡һͷŶԭǶûȥ


33 
šӮɵĵͷ
˵,ȴʮѣݹǸʱʷʿ赭д仰,ǰַɱ¾Ѫ,ֻҪʿ,Ǿͻܹɽ𣬾
Ϊ֪ĸĲп,ԼյǶôأμҲǾ¼ңĺ޶ԣԲŻɲŻԥ
ʿ嶼ֹһηʹԼóĴ𰸾ǣһԴӦöƿʿС
⿴ĵ²ȥ֣
һѪӮҲûЦ֮ǰǸͨˣĹ׾ڹӮ˱Ϊ,ڵ⣬ͻȻӵɱȨһʱĺ,ҴδɱˣҲûƹκˣ㿴ڣұȸ,ҲʼΪӪˣҪǲϻȪ·ľ,Һûѡˣ˽͵⣬Ҿ͵ϡ
¶ɻ󲻽飬
Ӯ̾ˣԭ˸ߵΪԭˣɱϵĴ󽫾µĵ˲ֻҪвȫ˻ԺܹϵĽնɱˣıܡ
򲻵ѣҲɱˡĵߡ
Ȼ޷ͬܣվӮߣңû£㲻ģǾҲɱˣֵµĶǸˣҲøоΡҲʿЩұ˵ҺʿǲǻԶ״̰ģҪĶ̫ˡ
Ӯɣ˸ԭСԼ³
˶˵ΪʲôҪ޶ɷԭһֱܲҸȫİ취ֻܷʿֲѪɺӣǣҪΪңɲõ˿ɳ֮
Ͽɣ˵Ҳеɷ˴£ضӷԣ游Ҳ᲻ͬӦԣ
׬ǮԹʿ֮Կǿ뼯ȨпơƣʵйΣʿ岻зأȡλϮСԱԡѡвߣ߾ϡ
ⲻһսپսǳ־սҲʿԲʵиĸΣл֣ѪͲ˸ŷԡ
ܸ޴ĳŵͻӪվߣҲ׼ôֽ׬Ǯ
ڵɣܸκɣʵڲо̶ӳ˻ֻһĶֵضɡ
ⲻ˵ؿҲüᶨӨָӮֱס
Ȼ㶼ˣǾȥѪģһѵһ֧ǿ
Ӯ仰òˣֱŮЩȡ
סֻƯ֣һЦҵĵҾͲˡ
˵Ŀ⽻֯һ𣬴Ƕëѩ
ⴹյ֣˼ǧҲЩ룺ӮȻ⣬ҲʵͺѵˣԼǿ̫ࡣ
ľ£¶ҲͬĻ棬ԽԽ̣ӵķΧҲԽԽȸнӮӳקʵ
Ǳŵһ㣬͵ɿ֣СұģסҲһȫˡ
Ϊ˻ͻΣ̫Ѩʲôһ
ɫ糣شͷϼ壬£
Ӻǰһᡣ
᣿üˮǣԺڳÿҲᣬЦף㻹Ҫڳа᣿
׶Ǻί˵ˣû˵
ӮһмԺΣеԺҲò
ѲҪ飿һ¾Ͳµ⡣
̸ϣҲᣬǰǰ֪ʫʫд
ˣʿעⷽⷽһֱƣҪڽɷԼҪȸһͷ޶ë֮ǰܵɣʿͷ
ôһ㣬Ҫæ»ֶ࣬͸ûʱԾˡ
ڻڰϵԹڶʹ͸ˣÿͷдܹʣǵʱȫ˯ˡ
࣬Ǵ˯ʣɲǶŶ
ʫףʫδʣдһֽ
ѿʵûóȥˣ᲻̫ۣ뻹Ǿӹѡ³¼ʱϹЩǿ׳Ķѿ
˵ʱûкôʺþ䣬óľǶһݣ¶֪ҲĻ̵ġ
ǵĹۿ˲ףԺôסûĻˣǲȻҲͬĴˡ
š¡쾺豶⡣
ЩôͻȻټˣ
±Ŀ񣬱ƽǰһԣ󼪡Ҳ̲סȸԾ
ƷܺΪϺϴ˾޴棬æźͽǮ򽻵
ھҪʿֵҲһ֣СҲ͸¶ȰĪҪ϶ŸɣʿֻϺ˵Ǻ£˳Ϊ
ΪӮҷۣͲһ䣬ͨ͸Լн˭ģϲԼǵҲֻǸԵϴ򣬳һҲֹڴˣҪϵĴȡ
Ҫֻʿ壬ҲûзԣҺͬʾֻоҪǴʿǰѵ
ΪûֹôǶȫ˵˭ҶģѪĻڿɶء
ֻ¶Գ˵ǻҲδ֪乲ͬѿسãһҪıף߾ϣųһϯ֮ء
սϵƤڴԽճеĸִԶĮġ
һӮʹɽӹˣŹӦе۲£¬Сıһӣǵʫʫδʡ
˵Ѳƴǰǰ⡣
ӮҲûϻº¬Ӵȡʫʡ
ѩ׷꣬궨ǸůŴհٻţʢ񲻿ϧˣԹ¾괺ڳоٰһᣬ¶ļʫ
䣬˶ÿɵӵҷ۳쾶ͷǣΡ
ϡѣʵڿڡ
µظ͵£µסӲĹףӮĲӡ
ѧղ֮׶ˡ
һϴ󳼵ְ*𣺡ϣһ»ǴӳΪá
ⴿĽ飬Ȼ˵ľ͸λͻľˡ
Ӯַ֪ӦҲûǿнͣ¬ÿ˷ʫʡ
½յЩôʺʫһͬ
ûкƤ˵ЩԼдģϣЩôʺʫʱȥ
õһӾͶҲŲϸᷢڲ
ģ˱ЦΪçЩһֱʿµ衣
񡪡
ϣͨأҳʫʺޣҽڡüˣ
-----------------------
л˵۵ֱᣬҲ޳дС˵ʲô˶УҲ֤վںܶ߱Ⱥַһк۲ĴרȺˡ
֮ǰˮ󣬱ǵVƽƽҲȷʵûֵȺ˹ĵ㣬ܺг
ƪVͿʼҪȥƪҶ˵ɶˣĺĶԡ
ƪҿ۹ҲϿɡ
һɹԶ
Ҳ֪Ⱥ˴һ֮ǰ˽ͼİǶλңñעһ»ɾȻ⣬ûҽİֻǶãĲ漰Էʾ⣬Ȼ¾ͽˡ
ϰҲʷõһҵʱܸ˵ĸŇNɪ˵Ȿ˳VҾⱾĸѸӡ
ȻˣڽĿ϶ӣһǮȥΡ
ϰ֮û£V˲ſʼ̽淢һû޸İͿʼҵļˣҷ֮Ǿ͸ˡ
ҲҲϲѣκιٷȺҲκС壬֪ȺǴġ
İҸˣأĵĿɲǠҪĸ汾
һСߣƪٺõҲǧղأͱЩ˷һҹ㣬һûΪ0Ϳʼİţ±˲֪ǳªĿ
ҵһλӦҲһΣǸĵĶһ
Щ޹ؽҪˣİͺˣӦúܸԼİռһѵĹλ
ǰ͵͵ǵIDһ죬ͼ˵˵ÿɰʲôģЩ񾭲ҵĴǸȽϳصӣǰ83ͻȻͣҩƪͣ϶Ӧ֪ΪʲôҲΪҵСѹ
ûдֶͷ
ԼԺȤҾͲˣҰģҰľͺãúÿֵƱ۾ĳ۾ģʱֹ
ףѧϰ˳彡쿪ġ


34 
һ޺ʵ,һû١
һ꣬Ҳڼеʫ䱦,Сš
˵ʱûвŻ֮,ֻǶɢ,г࣬һĶû,ѧͲ
ҲһֱʿĲÿγԺٰᣬĶ˺Ƥȥ䶼Ҫڿ೰ЦһĵûС
ҷ۸ţ˫ϥأеʫʾٸ߹ͷߺӽ
Ǳ»
ٴοеʫʣ᲻ƿ۾ٻԼ֮ˡ
󼪣ȷʵ󼪣
Ŀƣ뽫ʫʲؼҡ
ȡӮע,Цʣܰɣ
쾵һӦ޲þ˫˫޳ɣ,죡һҪ죡ϾɷĽ볼ԸͿأΪЧȮ֮ͣ
ϣһ»ϳɡҲˡ
ŭĿ,ҧϵս𣬿϶Ҳæɣ
ͦͦˣп,æÿ
ȭһȭȥ˾û˸Լˡ
ź²룬ȴԼͬתǸӣ϶кܶࡣ
ֲΪͳܣȻٰͬˣǾͺðˡ
Ӯֹ̧ˣʼ񣺡Щôʺþ䶼ǹżȻģҲ֪µּѿʵڲüˣϣ֪֮»еģҪǽЩʫ³¼֪ǡ
û˵꣬˾񣺡ȫϰţ
Ⱥû˻ܾӻˡ
ûС
˵Ӯ˽īֽⶼҲ˰ڴ˳¼ԭͳ嶼ôߣ˱УҲҪܡ
ȥҲǸ괺ˣ˵ڡ뺯дһӦʫΪͷ
ܿ죬Ҫ괺ٰ¾ʹˡ
ϢӺǵ̶ӴȺڽǳԼԹκʢ
˻ЦӮ뺯ͷʫЩ˾ҲЦˡ
ԵɨŽʼΪ
.
гԾӺǣѾֵˣԶ´֮
ͷβڴ뺯ǾʫΪдôҲûִһжŸдġ
ôˣŸǺˣû˵Ű
ʵڲ֪ǺˣϢִ˱ص
һûСʿ壬Ŵº֪ԶڽĶŸڵϲ޹˭֪ǰǲǴǶǨȥķ֧նţҲ˵ùȥԶϾͺƤݣϼϼҴҪȥӺס
ˣԽԽӺǻ˵л˾޵ʫʸ踳ֻǶֻпͷ䣬µҪȵղŽ
ԨдģҲסͥ޵ˣвԸ͸¶дˡع𣚣ں֮ޣŮӺϡ
׾ͷǳϵеĻһʱʿӵܷΪŮʱ϶д䡣
ڼͷ̾˶ʮһϵŮģͷҲǹع𣚣ֻǰѡӡΪˡŮ
ǽͺ÷ԭֱӻؾ侲룬ͽȥ·ˡ
·˿ĸȥ⣬ĸĻ޷̶ȥȥȥ
·֪ԺʱʮҪãҳ˳б㲻ˡ
Һ㳤˼һȥȥɡ·ϵĻЦ
̵ͷնˣˡ
֪͸˺˶̿յġ
ճǽ÷ʢ׳ۣȻŮͬȥȥҲãһԼһȥãǣڼҲ¡
ǣˡ
̴·˴ͻԼԺӡ
˴Ů֪£ҴҸϲģŮȥ÷⣿
ϼ䣬һŮʸŵļܲ
¼飬ǴҥԣҲֵõ档û£ﻹǻԼȥɣһҪ飬ʦҪʵġ
ϣŮȥ÷ıҲϡ
ȫǵʿŮյѾûĹ϶ȴһҲޡ
ϼߣζҪΪЩ棬̽ǳŸԼʱϵŮҲϡ
֪̾˹£ҲŭΪֵҪӦҲܡ
ϵĸҪ＾Ҳûִ硣
һͲˣЩɶױãô첲գ
ã̧ͷһЦǲˣŮҲǺϸףֵõϣ̧ͷ;Щ˻᲻㡣
ϴ˳㣬ºû˵ʲôõõӷֺҲûˣ͸ȥˣûֻͷѵһͨΪﳤˣû뵽֪ڸġ
˽ŮٶҲҸ˵Լ͵͵ˣҪ֪Щ϶ᱻᵽȥ
Ů˱ļŭԼݣʣİڼ˸顣
վԼſڣԶԶǱߵĶһ鶼ûС
Ǳͣˣתݡ
Ůڱīд˼֮ʣƽ㲻ã
йŮ˫ȷæȥһĶ
̿ͽֳĶԼ򷢳ȥˡ
Ȼôϲͨ籨ţǾ͹ȥǱźɡ
ŮŮģŮŮΪΡ
û˵꣬̾üŮͱ׳ʹӸϳȥˡ
ʼī֭䵽ϣ̸±ʣī֭ò̾
˵ûԼ׽ˣڷˡ
.
ЩӮæŲմأڵȶͻԽչ/ը/ûƵըŵˡ
λڳǽʵ鳡ʹ죬ʼܾţǵվſڣڶ
Ϻڳڳ۵ĶƷˣȥܸŻݣڳвٰնжԣһ޶ͣһڹ׾ܼ嶹ĶƽƵĿˣһСԡ
Ӯģ˼Ҳͬˣ߲ö˵·֪ô׬׬㣬ҪǱӮһôûС
ڳж£ʿĹעҲ棬ûעȻȥۣǷӦʱҲˣʼĶѾȥˣ̷г׺ȶϺϷǵû׬˱
̶չӣΨҪԹĴ󶹡
ԹĴƬֶӣҲһնĻ˵öӸ̽Щ˻ܸˣŽ·⣬ͻȻ䲻ҪǵĶˣֻ춼ˡ
ûӰ죬̶Ӵﻻ˶ӣʱ͸Ǵ˺ܶඹƷͶͣ۸еиߣûжͱΧˮйͨöҲý򣬲ͷнҵıտɲࡣ
ʱûͳһң֮ͨĻҲͬӮΪ֮ľøĸܸ˳˽ڵĻҡ
ɸɸѡѡָһž¶ңΪңʼ̷ͨ
ֻӺʵĶһһĵطûУӳԵٵõģаڵģһ컻һ
ǳ˽ҾֻսңҶҪ̶ΪлҲֻϽҡ
̶ΪܻҲʼá
æӮԺĳҲû˽ʫʸ踳Լ̷кʻҲ͵ǰ
󲿷ֶǳԵģ˻ǽ޵ʳķӵ˼£һӶоôԷ
ʼĶƤ񡢶ɡ˿ԣٵڵĶ꽴͸顣
³ģ࣬װܷĹĻƻ˸γԣȡһĨϾ򵥵ĳԷͷҲ㡣
ͷͰҲȴӺǿʼģֻǳ񶼲֪ôôʳҲ᲻򣬳Ǻܲ˲һؼҸ˷ųԣϵ³Ķ꽴߸飬ǸζԹһξ
ҲϲϲĲˣˣ֮ʳָ󶯡
ӮҪӣԸӮûͬ⣬ǿǸ˷ĺóԼɶָųء
³˸ңԲο׷ͭңЯѹ˶Ըá
ö³ͭǮ۵׾է֣͵͵ЦС
ԱߵĸȺԸ˼ȴ翪ӺѴգ俪ʼߴپϾʽֻȻ̷سҲˣͺͻڳй䣬λڴ˴ס괺졣
ȻͽڣӺԶ࣬ڷأҪϲˡ

ͭǮϣæʲô
.
ݳȾӵαųȸ̨ȸ̨ҲڳǣֻλñȽΣرҲϣƫƫ汻˴ɱҿֲҲӲиȴû˵ҪСǱסˡ
ɽǴΣӮܹͼأҲû˵䡣
ݳȾе⣬ԸҲֻԸ˵ҲûҪûȤҪĲŸһ𣬿ɲǷҪλ
ݳȾһʹӴϵҪõ

ԭûԵȻݳȾéʯͷһĳƢȻеĻҪ񲡣
-----------------------
л˵ˣҾ͵ûһµȤһҪ̲ס̲סǶ֪껨ʹũ徭Ƥʲôֵ£ˣǣݴֵʱ껨ϹҵĲүСײˣүҷֱ֮ϣƽʱϲѲүͷԼĹȥˣһͿүڹ裬涼ǴƳʣ࡭춼ˣҵĲү


35 
ӴܶǾ֤û,ãҪţҲ˵Ѿ,뽫㽻ҲǸѡ,ܽԼժɾ,ϾҪļҲᷴɱ,˵ԹļϸӦҲ˵Ծɵ
̿͵ģ˲ӦӦմŶԡ
һ֣ݳȾɫ䣬ʣӺˣ
Ӯһۣ԰û߹𣿳Ҳסڹ
ֻһסߣһסߣûѡ
ݳȾݺݵ,ҧδ˵
ɱĴ˿̴ﵽ˶壬ǼðıҲɺޣ
Ŷ,ǿˣ˼ӮһǸⶼûС
ݳȾҪŴӴδʰ,Ҫ뿪⡣
Ӯſεαϣһֻն׹һֳֻ,һҲżĿݳȾżæŵʰ
ɱֻͦᣬ·ҪȫյֵǮ⣬ȭͷһ飬ô׬Ǯ
·û˿ӦҲˣѪ͸Ⱦѣ⸱ܰȻ߳Ӯ
̧ԼĶ׹ǽҪݳȾ̸¡
㲻뿪
⻰ͬһˮֱӽݳȾͷϣֱԭأݺӵ
ȸ̨൱ԭ˽ֻԭһ˷ӣȴΪԭбֶΣʹȸ̨ڲ䲻ȶ
˻ӺǵĲ֣ɵĳԱʧȥټ˻ݹͨö֪ݳȾ̵ڲѱҲͦ׵ġ
鱨صҲӦõģڻڲĳԱܸͷ۹ͣ⿿ѹƺͼ˳ͷֶôܹЩĸԸ£ӮŽȸ̨һְᵽ˴󹦵ĳԱҪ۹
ԭ֮ǰøֶαЩ˳ΪӮҲͬýƶѡΣҪϴƳҲкܴ
ԭȸ̨˶ݱģЩ˷ٸߵľλҲ֯ʿŴںпγɵɣû취ˣйǧʷ⳯еִ࣬Ϳˡ
ԣݳȾһ
ݳȾŲشһһ͵˵꣬Ȼ˫//ǵĺۡ
ҷϺϾԻŪ㣬˵ƾʲôҪģŲֻҪð䱩ͱȥ㶼
Ȼȥ˶򵥣𡢳ҲǸĺ
ҶҾɱ㡣µС֪ʱ̧׼ݳȾīǰڵͫʶɱ⡣
Ӯſα̽ţݳȾüŪۣһС˵־ǣݳȾһ
֮ˣɱ
ݳȾֲӮʹ죬תӱӮ̵Ҳ˼һ˫ȲмΪͷں浱ͷڹꡣ
㿴߰ɱѽӮƤҡͷԸNɪҼҷ˾ͰңҾͳˣôˣѽѽѽѽ
㣡ݳȾĺƤˣֱۣ޳ܣ
ԡ
ˡ
ݳȾɴŤͷȥ۲Ĳ
ԲӦҲ뿪᲻ֱӽץسǾ͹ܲˡٴֱӮȥգ֪㰮ԼͲô
ݳȾѵͲץˣҴгرڲӣȱץס·һ
Ӯⶼ֪˺ܶණӳǱҲ̽κϢԿ϶϶ĳʽס
ĿǰӦݳȾ뷴ڣԲĲץˡ
Ҫ̸Ҳ˳һ鷳ǰҪˣУ򡭡ӮƤЦ
ݳȾͷĬ˺ܾòɿսȭͷ뱻سǱ¡
Ϊ£δȥ֮ǰӺоĶ࣬ǰ˲ٱӻǰ뿪žͻᱻ׷ɱ
֮ͨûôˣһˣһǰűǡ
޸Ǹֻ࣬ͲŹͬӮҪǴȥȫ˶ὫӮЦ
ӦˣС
Ӯת˷׼뿪ͻȻ£͹ݳȾˣҪ㣬ǲ
ƽݳȾֿʼߣ㲻Ǹ˵ѾҶ˻ʲô
ͲôӮϽ뿪
ܿ촫ݳȾҶӮվ˻뿪
ҲרݳȾ˵µģô»ֵ
Ϊм÷ˣֲѩ÷
ǽһƬ÷֣ʱڿʢеĹŮǽ͡
Ӳ㣬ܸȤҲȥɣвһҪˣӮţѪУȥˣƽº˵
÷ԺǣӦЩͷˣ֦쵽ǽͷ档
Ӯɵһʫ԰/ɫزסһ֧ӳǽ
ʱ½ϣ÷ҲǺӣ˼ô˼
˵ˣ˭ĶҲǿģ뵱ѧʱԾЩʫʼͺͶĶ⣬˼ԭ߾ûǸ˼ɲοﳤƪһѣǷ˼߾ָ
ֱܶԺһߵĲɷãʶԷ޴£˵ûУ͵뵽ˡ˲дġ
еĺ÷һŵġ
õǰһƺ㣬üͷչɼ鼫á
ǽ֦÷躮ԿΪʫеĺ÷ǣóеĹŮԺ÷֮ͣټǾ䡮ŮӺϡ֪жֳʲô
÷ĺأûס˺һڴ䣬ͷ˵ʱӮҲͷǺϵСƤë̺ӣ˾ôͷ
ĴĲĴź÷ĺ㣬Ӯĺ˲ͣͣȫ񾭶Ҳˡ
Ǹⴹȡ´Ļ꣬ΪԼĹʧǸ
Ӯգ۾˶ûлֻ㶵ĿȻĶ⣬˵˾Լ벻Ļ
Ҳζұ˯ʱŵԭ÷㣬ֲá
Դϴй磬ͷⲻǰԼ׽ˣʱ׽ЩⶼⱣ־룬ҹҲ˯
ΪԼĲⷴˣѹ˺һҲֻҵ˯˲Ÿұ
ϰ˱˯һ²治ϰˣģҲ֪ΪΡ
Ů÷Ѭˡ˵Լǰߡ
Ӯ첽ϣܺţҲʺ㣬÷躮Կİ䡣
ںת÷£̧ͷǺ޵Ļ꣬ζ͸Ũˡ
촽ĻȴҲƷǰƽ
̧ḧ꣬ŸղŲĴֲ꣬Ӯ֪ҲǺõġ
һЩ÷ȥƿӮڸ鷽Ǹ񾭣ϻĩգĩջÿЩ
̾ԼľͶ񾭵˶ġ
Ǿһ֦ɡ
֡
ӮҲúˣԼžһ֦˫辵ģ÷Ҳ࣬ڴƿп϶ÿ
ЩŪ֡ⵣððʧʧĻŪԼ
ź÷ߵܻصߣЦˣ˲ţעء㿴֦òã
ȿȥ÷ǳЦŵͷá
ã÷Ҳá
Щ磬Ӯϸý÷ײֽ˲ŸãȻɽӡ
һƬԺ֮ǰԭļھסڶˡ
.
æô죬ӮԾ⡣
ҹ֮ҲγһҪݳȾڶҪӡ
ôϲֵµ˰
ǵμûˣֻڣڹǰͥ˾硣
ǵĳɿڵķˣ峴ըó͸˾裬治Ǿ˷ĺóӣǲһ㡣
еľǾľ𣬸ԭȵǾƿɲͬҲӮһóдľó˫۷ȾƣɳеĲؾƶô
Ӯһ߸һ߿һĳλ۵һڲһھƵܣŮϲ˵ٶȶϲԵٶȣľƹҲʣ޼ˡ
ǰҲû˵ǸͰĸҧ䡣
ˣ*为أһҪܣҹҲߡ
Ϊ£ӮûнйǸǲţֻӮᱻӡ
ҲֻһΡ
ǻսϣǰָӴսճ
רĳԷĳ䶯˶۵䴫ŲţһȷʵƣŹµҲ˵Ļ
˳˳ɣôԶӮԺڲڱ󽲳Ļˡ
źܶ˵涼˵֮ǱԼ⡣
ǳԱˣ¿ӣҲӮĻЦӯӯʣǿǺҪͻµǴ㽫ó£
ûС
ϵЦάֲȥ
ͷЦ⿴Ա
ҺӮϻô࣬ˣΣ
ҹ͸¶˼Ҳͻأųס
Ȼ¾Ʊ˫䲻ˣǿ󣬺ˡ
ǿҲľ֧ɣܱȶҪá
У㣿ŪһЦ
еĺɨȥǿҲΪҵ°ܽ
ӽŵڳѾװûˣսܵԸġ
˵Ŀڿн㣬һ·𻨴磬˭Ҳ˭
⹥ԼǿҲ䡣
ԭһžϲŭ޳ȴֱԭ˼˳ᢡ
ӮҪһѻ𣬡Ϊһͷۣ˵ƽ֮ѵͲ֪³˿ɾǰ˹ææҲǰװġ
ƿ˷ϵĿ⣬ǲЩں֮ڣɱ˱ǡ
ǲԸ⡣
ӮҰղ紵̫СЩں֮ڣԿĿԼŶ
ܲԸ⣬ɳҲòӮ˵ʵѾɱΧ˹һΣûгɹЩ˸
첻ָΡ
첻ͲˡӮġ
Ҳɵ֮⻹ʲôùĶĺô
ҪǮͲԼĲƿƣӮ׳ն
˵ԣҲȷʵԣĶʿ壬ӴľҪǾǸ޵׶ҪͬʿҲףٿһ·ǵȻá
Ȼֳ˼Ȥճ̷Ľ׶ܿɹۡ
ȻӮȴĵİ˺󣬹ٵ͹һݴ񡣡
дֻϺ˲ⱣѾγ˲СԳͷ۵Ŀ϶ֹһ⣬ѵĺ˲ͷ󻼡
Ŀòʣ˵˵
ûѵͣ䳣ӮߵĿͷ֪
߾ͣԼЧսˣս£ԮʱҪɱ֧Ԯ֮Ȼ̣ͨʹýҡ
Щ
ʱЩҲ˵պҪͻ¼㲻͵ðæ
˼»濼ǡ
СҲûһξܳɡ
Ž˵а취̣˵ܽ
Ӯ⽻񣬵˵ͷ¬׼õĶ˽͸һıݡ
-----------------------
л˵껨ʹ̫ƤˣҪǶ⣬Ժֻˮ


36 
Ϊⳡ,Ҳɷѿġ
ҪõСմ򡢰ǡƾɳӣɳɳӣǰʱû,Ǻ;ƾп,Сմû취,ֻڳʿܲñĲϴ档
ҷ۳쾸ټһ,ǳ֧ĹͰڼЩֵֹĶ֪ѰʿܵǰëԼˡ
Ӯ뿪λʢϸɳͭǰҲǰ
СоƾӮοȽƾϸɳڣٽǺһҰ׵ķĩϵһкڷűƾʪϸɳ֮ϡ
һƽͷڶû۵ȼƾԵȼճ̼ͻһϸɳðŻƽͷ,һֱ۴ֵľ߲ϴͭӼ
Сʵз֮ߣڼ˸ִ˵ûô𺳣Ǹ̾һ䡮ҿ桯,뵽ֵֹĶ
ʱͻȻһƾðƽͷľ嶼ݡ
˼ײİ
ǿ׳ŮҲʶס,ȴҪѹסеĿ־ǰס
ֻ̼ԽԽߣƽͷߴ챦ʯ˸ŹĹâ,ţļ¡
ʹӮһΣԾɽţʶץεķ֡
̼֧ŵʱ䲻ã֮ƽͷҲ֮䣬ֻͭһѻҽ
ӮͷΪŶ֣߬°ǸСϷ
ͷһߵĳ
λͭڵһѻҽɫӣ⡭ʲô
ӮǳЦ֪ʱ޷ڷ񼣡
ⲻǷֻһֻѧӦˣ㿴ģЩϵɳУȼվͻЧָŵϵİǺͷ״͡
ѧӦȻǲ̫ףղȷʵǿӮͭеģӮо͸˼̽ͺ档
Ϊλᶮ˶漼ɣ
ָӮ˸ѡ
ڳŻǲţǾͲҪˣѭľǲҪٸʵס
ƿԼŮִ߽ͭһЩҽ
ϣŮ¶
ֹ̧ǰͷҲص޷
ָϵĻҽһֵζӦþǵ֮ȼ֮µġ
ҽڵ۵һƹâӮ˼ˡ
Ȼüı
ӮЦ޺ȥ˴һ߸ͭ׳ۡߵͼڣػޣܽٻߣǾȨǸʲô̸ʱĸԸľͲֻǰˡ
ûĸܿջ󣬳Ҳ⣬ѹס
ɡ
ûѵͣ仰ĺ
Ӯϲ˴򽻵׼õĵóüЦ֮ļ۸ˡ
ǡƾСմķ״ﶼʱûеĶòײŪģһߣҪõͲ٣ɵ˲Ż͡
ԣǮӦòڻµŶ
ϲ̵ĲֵųӦӶǮˡ
ǮǮҲȥˣӮڿҪô࣬õóҲֲۣУŪߵĶ̫Ҫˡ
ˣ۸Ͳ̧ô˰ɣּۻۡ
Ӯӣʲô˼ǴӦˣ
⸧¸ղűӮסֱ
Ӯϲ⣬۸ҧɿڣЩŪģ¸ұ֤֮³˹Уõó
֪˵ʵ飬ɳԾΪһǮʹĲˣ
ӮûصӣҪǹˡ
˵ܽ˵ĲֻгҲǷΧڡ
˵иʿټҰǨΪ˸ŸݣҲԿ˵
˭˵ҪʹӦ
Ȼ̸ˣǽ¾ͺðˣдģ˫ȥˣȷ֮Ӹǹ֮ӡԼʽЧ
ڳڻڹϢʱžĴϵ䡣
ȻҪʹʵǮЩģ
뿪ǰ֮ͥǰͻȻͣ½Ųµʱ黹£
Ӯװɵ˭Ŷ˵ݳȾǸ˵ŮͶɱ£Ѿˣĵİɡ
ƵζЦݣл֪
ЦӮ﷢ëܾóôġ
ɽӣ·ϵǵûʵ᲻᲻̫ã
ûʲôĻ
ǣ
ȥ
ݳȾɱӮǹȥģݳȾã˶ˣ졣
ȸ̨ûټĳԱضݳȾϵݳȾܻӳ˳ӳ֪Ǳؽ
ݳȾƿȸ̨ŵϣΪӮԸʿĵͬʱҲҪѵףӮ־·һ
.
ʲôͳˣ
Ծķ䣬ͬӺǵԾôû뵽ӮˣϽ𣿣⵽ô£
Թĵڶʹ𾪣ǴģŽˣʲôûˣˡ
ԹӦҲôӦԹ뱻Χˣʱսٱǩ¹顣
·Թɨء
ԹʧǣڵϺʹޣ첻Թ
ԾûЩ䣬Ƕߵ⣬վڻϿƮѩա
ѩ죬־ΪʵǼ֪꣬ԼСֻȽѹĵȵʱ죬˶ۡ
Թ󣬽Լֵܽöɱûʣ
ӮΣΣλܸƽƽ˭Цδ֪ҸţҲضܱ֮
ݣȥ
ǩ¹ֲϢԹʷҲǸ
.
ǩʱ䲻ڳȴˣ˸֡
Ծһյİͷ׳ĬԣԹҲû
ĸյĵ˱壬Թϵһʣ˸ɸɾȫӵϳˡ
Ӯ࿴ۣ治ӵˣ̰
ô̵ˣǴǴɣԾ˽⣬ΪɵĿԸ
ֻϧԭļûδֻбҵǶβһζûԭֱԭ֪ˡ
ڣԹɥ߾ϲˡ
۱жӮӮȴٳ˽ˣԹ˱õӵ
ʤǼΣûйʱ̣黹ǳأϹҲǽҼ֤Ǻεȵҫ
дģҷӮɽҲǰ
豣ͷѾ޷ˣ˳ۡҧ֮⣬Ҳ޼ƿʩ
ǹ˵棬Ҫ֣ƥǸƤֱִɵôָ㿴Ҫ˭Ȳ
ԹѪŶڹӡʹľӡӡԹˡ
һʽݣһݣһԹʹҪȥ͸̸õԹҪǳسɱפ
ԹʹҲڹˣֻۣӦ黹ǳأû˵һ𣬵ӮӦҲܷˡ
ʱڳĹΪ˷Ҳ⣬ڵĴض㣬ڼҴԹʹսթ
쾸ǶǰҹԹʹžĳ˳ǣóϴؼдһƪ·Ϊɥĵ£ơ
黹ճǸżɫãûԼҲˣûʱжߣӮס
ضԾ⡣
ڴͷжԲƤһöСԣ֭˴꣬Եø۸ˡ
ʹѵã̶ÿδʹǱ·˰ԲˣϸϸѡõĸͽӮҲŲ˲ٳԣûʵĹϹ߲˳ԣҪˡ
ճǾͿճ£ֻҪݺͳǽڣû˽ȥס˵߸ⰴȡ
ҲÿԺѾһ󵨵ļƻ
⻹̫
С£ֵ㶯Ӯæο⣬Ҫľƽʹߵ¾ȱˣɳ쾸߾ԹӣԪС
һ粻˳١
˶ȥ˱߾ڳСⲻⵣġ
ջسǳص¸ҪҲĽˣǳǺμбİţ֣֪ҵĵߣԾıҲִ֪硣
ŵùֲֻܼҪȰˡ
̾˸ţ㡣
ӮҪʿ壬ѡ֧ӮͱضվϺϵĶ棬Ҳìܣ֪ס
.
ͳˣԹǩ顣
Թ黹ǳǺμǣսԹԼڱغƽԹǡ
Լ͹Ѹ£˰˶˸ͷѾӾɫѡ
ӮƾʲôóԸˣ˴ԹҲûڱ߾սδսȰܣӱżˣ
ٲ飡
Լ·ɳĸǰӺ̽顣
½ʫʸ踳ٶͬӺǸ괺ᣬӺӭǰδе֡
̷ַΪѾˣԾɵסҪＷȺƮǹζ˵ĻǶߡ
ӺǺܶʳɫʳĻҲ࣬ԭʼͷӡڶɡд桢桢桢ߦ棬õ棬̫ˣԲ
ɫ廨ţƷҲӺǵɫļ峴ըۻңֳô±ͷβҲУлһ̣ͬӺеľ𣬱ʿ廹̶޲ڡ
֮⣬̷ڳĴҲ׷۸ҲͷĶһˣǮǲȱģ۾
ľв˷֣ڽرʹ
ʿ嶢еͭǮ˼
˶Ҳζ¶࣬гκԵʣµ˶æĽŲմء
ûˣ׼֪ÿ۾Ǹɣؼҵͷ˯
ͳӺڵѲ𣬳ӮҲ
µûУС͵СǣЩʮֽƻ˶ＷȺգ۾ͲˣֻܻڸСķ
ֵĻӮ˵ʵﶼϲ
⼸Ҳţˣҽڹ
ʱ˭ҪǲǹײҪݺʰģϺ궼֪Զ㣬û±
ʲôʱ
ʹΣӮΪҪˣżæŽҽͽŽȻֲʹˣһţ棬Ҳûж
żֵģȹϵתתȥ֪ĻΪҪӡ
·ҲӵĹˣо飬˵ܰæ
£תͷˡס
ޡ
Ľš
-----------------------
л˵ĲҼ뻻껨ʹƸ˷ܵģΪǸǴģΧŴתÿϲŸ˵֭Ҫ˵Ͳø̫ãҵĲүʲôˣȻˢɾ˻ܼܾñݹˣүͲ[]


37 
˺ҹ,Ķڷˡ
ѪɽΧͰǰ㣬ҽҩʱ׸ôʹ
Ůսˮ˽ȥ,ʹҧƵʹ
ͷǺ,ϸķ˿Ǳճ,˫קסµ
û˯ŴӣӮ׼õġϡ
ܹбǶ,ʺϷ/λȼܣʱͿԽ˫̧߷ֿʡܶʱ˵ļá
Ӯ˸ɾڱϣĶžứµ
ԲԲԲ𡭡ӶˣҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻһǸô,ԲĶԲ𣬶ҵĴ,
Ҫھȥ
⻺һץס֣ͷƣЦЦ,ԼԸģ㡣
ӱΪ˴ԼĿĲеģ,Ӯˣһ̥ҩӴҲЩҪûӣӮܾͲôˡ
ڶԸӮ
㶼۳ˡӮСĵ԰׵Ķһһۡ
۳˻οӮ͸ۡ
ڳⲻ˵˻Ӯݡ
˺ѵʹٴνɣΪԼսɳܹ꣬ôˣʹѾľˣû뵽ӻôʹǻҪ
һֱԼûˡ
żͿˣͷˣ˳ˣټӰѾ
䣬·Ҳǵס
˵עɽӣݳȾ֪ӡ
˻ûȫã߶Ҳǻۡ
ǿһȳһߵ߸Լ͸Ĳ裬ͷͺˣһɿʵҪð̵ĺ
ѩڸһпɵټǲ׽һ˿ϸ΢춯
谵
ǿķɨܣӰһȴΪδ·磬ܿͱԷס˫ַš˫ֱһӰסӲǽ̧Ƶ̧ߡ
ȡ
챻סǻᵽһ˿ζʶܿڰ
ݳȾʧٵϢֱڶŴӮĶ䡣
˸СŮ
׼ĲѾȥˣѪıӺҲʰɾڲůĴϡ
Ϊ̫ƣ;һֱûͷ˯ţظǳ
СһͷԱߣĸñСӣСȭͷ˯
Ӯڴ˴죬һῴģһٿСģҪˣһֱɵЦ
ӵĿһӱס˵ϣæȷû֮Ÿȥӡ
ʱҲ⿴ˣССһţճĺƤһ㶼ǺͮͮͰ͵ĺѿСһɲǣźܺһ̥֬ƤҲףСȭͷۿޣرݶˣһյ߾Ͱˣ޲֣˯ر㡣
Сһ۵С촽˶Ҫ
Ӯ˿⻹ƣ˯գĺ˻ޣСĽӴ汧
ûôСӤһʼҲ֪ôĸҹѧģҲѾˣᣬ֪ôСһСһͲ֣Ұ죬˸ĹǷ
䣬ȴǺů͡
˯ѵСһﱧĸտиӤҲǰ׼ġ
Ժ˯ʱСһӤԼ棬Ҫ˾ͱһ˯ϾͲСһһŴˣСӰҹҪ̣һϿֺüΣϢãĸ渺տá
Ӯ֪˼ҺӳûۣСһ磬Ͼˣ۾ִֺڣƵģӺͶ⣬Ժ󳤴˿϶ҲǸˡ
ӤߵһϻСһСϻѽ
ôСĺӻߵĺƿƤ˶ӣһûȤ
ϲ²ϻ˸С˹ġ
СһﻹȤ󣬶һִǷҪޡ
ŵ˹ģСһı޲ޡ
Сһڱȣûޡ
ӮһСһԼ춯صĿ˶ˡ
ʱŮתϣ¸棬˵Ҫ
ѪĸǳϵģԪȥ߾Ѫ¾ʱλ¸Ϊ˻ñͨ˶Ҳܷ
ǺտӡӮĸһųȥ
¸վĻȣѩͺ˵ͭϣҲû۾գһ¡
ֱ۲µӰ֣񣬵ϣȻҹݳȾסֲܿǵѲ˫ʱǲŷ֣ȥʱݳȾѲӰֻϷһӡ
˵վͽӵݹȥ
Ԥϵ˻᲻ģǰ˲
ڵĹϣ½һѲиĴ̿Ͷ봳ֻû뵽Ѫȥɽ֮ĻݳȾ
չֽдǣңպͻء
պֽ˼Ѷ˷ڣǴ졣
ֽǾͱˡ
˹Ȼè壬ӻǳ׷ţݳȾЫ׷ҲӵϷ롣
¸뿪һվڻϣ紵󴵣ֽ̧̿סƮѩĺܿʹһ
ѩôûû˰
ѩ׷꣬ɽôãĻѩ֡
.
˯ѣɫźЩͷԱߵСһ
СһҲ˯˯ѣĸˣ㡣
ʼСһʱǱ𣬺漸ΪӮžúЩôãֱʿӽקˣʲôû롣
ֱűŸճСһﰤȺġģͻȻ˵ĸоĶˡ
˯㣬˼Σ˯˵ģҲֻţûֱ
ӮҲڴߣû뿪ɽӣء
Ӧ*ˣ˾ѣСһҪ̣˯
СָͷСһСӤۡ
˴ڱϿӣԽԽСһҪ̣ĸҪȥι̣ᡣ
ر⣬쳤˲ƣӶСһϸܵȥˡ
û֮ǰҲ֪ԼԺʲô飬һϲأ
ڣιӣҪιɡ
ӮɺãҲǺãУӻûָҪúģСһĸιˡ
᲻á۰Ͱ͵Ŀ¶һЩί
ӮֱŮһӾˣĸι˾͸Ͻ
СһСһȡ֡
-----------------------
л˵ƽĻˣһ⡣»ǴưǴƿװƣǻµһ[]


38 
Сһĵȷ
ˡ
ӮҡŲ˹Ķϵ,СūСū
СūСһūʱȫǱ壬ܶ˵ū,аūū,ʵǰ,ִıļ˼,׶Ժӵİ⣬ϣΪӱ
ճСūǱ˯ʱ򣬶Ĳ˹ɲȤ̾˯˯˾ҪȣСⶼģĸŮҪŸ򲼣Цľֻˣ˭ľ͸˭ס
ҲܸӮӣڻǴ޵,Ǳͷһ졢һװģҪޣֻҪҡ,壬ܿˣȻŴСǷСȭͷһվͱ˯,Ӯ˯죬Ӯ۵ĸ첲̧ôСҲͦصġ
˯,˯СƵġӮ˹ķŵһߡ
⻹ţɫȸࡣ
ſڴͷһѩëСΧñںڵĳɼ򵥵ķ٣δκΣҲƫؾģֱůӮǰԤµģΪʱ
һֻİСū˯üǳЦʱԵúᡣ
ӮͷһСӣһָͷѪӣ㡣
Сūʱ߬ģʱڳĲźŮˡ
Ҳһԭﳤ۵Ķҩ
֮Ϊ˱ͽ¶ˣͽ˹Ҳֹκ˽⴫
öӱںҲҽϸ֮Ⲣδκ֮
ʵؿȥʯ¥ļֱ񣬳ʱһͨ
˼Ů洲ʣʯͷתѲСūźҲŮ洲ģ֪·˳ˡ
ߵԴװʲôһѪŰôø
ӳ񣬱ʵʲô
öʱͲµпҩµģӮ£Ӯò˼飬ȥ鷿伮ǹڲɽϷһģ
ԭ鷿Ĳ鼫ЩļأɽһֱǴ˵ϷԶϽ֮أӺʮǧһʧ伣ȥҡ
ӮԼɺϣҲпѧ޷͵Ķڡ
͸¶ԼҲɽȥķɽһֱֻ䴫˵û֪ģ伮мصҲδ档
ϷҩĻŮʲôܻУ
ǷҪ˰̣ºܷ˼Ѿֻ֪ÿѧľͷѧˡ
Цù̯ĴȻ󶪳һذը/δҡ
żСūûаϵСūĹ⣬ҩһ㳤󣬸˶޹ϸ
ΪˣǿǱ¶ֵļңûйЩ֮ǰûӮἰǲ֪οڡ
ҩĺŶ֪Ϊλ¾ҪȥϷˡ
Ӯȳסѹ³Ա˯Сū
ԭû𣿿ǡ
ޱȿ϶ĵͷδֻñӳ飬˳ֵĶ
䲢ã˵Щ۵Ҳֳ⡣
Ӯ̴ϵˣ֪ˣ۲˵ЩҲˣס֣Щ¶ȥˣжĥڿ϶ⱨӦˡ
ͷס֣ȪˮӾעٴǿҲЩֻ㣬δңĴδ
ʹӮǷ˼ҲӮᡣ
͸СͲӮܲζ
㰡Ǹɵ
գͣͫﵹӳССӰ·İסꡣ
ͫƺǧ˼ڵԼûвЩʮĶѾѣ¶ʵһ档
סԼûȥģ㡭㻹ȥɽ𣿡
⻻Ӯһ̾ϸ۵ֵͷȥ˯СūĲѾҪˣ뿪Ļζ˵ڡ
ôĵ
ȽŲ㣬СֲôСЩǻȫڻöݵĲƲ뿪
صִҲʳѰǹţ⣬ҲҪȵվˣСūҲߡ
۵׵Ĳ˲ɢЦ¸֣ͷȥСūʱȦȴǺġ
ӮЩҲ͸ˣ̧Χñµ鷢
ɵ
.
ȷӲ޶ԣӮͬ⽫ǶСūϡ
Сһﻹͦϲϵʱץ
.
СһӮ͸ɽӣҹĸ˯Լι̵ʱ䣬ʣµʱ䶼Сһ˯˾ͷŵߡ
᲻Ⱨŵģ֮ϵȣҲҺû֢
Ҫ̷سӮҪ͡
ԼõľƾǵҲ׼׵Ӯ͹ȥʱǳĻºҲûнŮţԼߡ
ݳǺ󣬳¶棬һ仰ǣδϲϲŮӡ
ĳԶ
лӮԷ֪δ
ŮͳһУξ
һС⣬͵͸Ůӵ˰ɡ
ӮˣһеĽ鱦ʯһŶֵǡ
ӲףĶˣϲײ͵Ķ˭˵ͽͱûǻģͳͳȥ޳ǡ
лĴԺпճ氡ǿϾôһء
ڴЦãһ
ǱӮ롣
ʺѪĶӳſ򶫣ʧڷѩľͷ
紵ӮڣӺΡ׳ڵ׵Ľڳͷ졣
ղ⵽ߵǿ׳Ůĸ
ء
ѩƺ֮ǰˡ
ӮԼʲô£ɾʲô벻Ȼصһš
ݳȾ
ֽϲ˵պͻأɱǧĲƭİɣ
¬⺰
Ҳ֪ȥ׷üݳȾϵһϵмƻ
Ŷ룬ȴ
ȥѳ¸
ǡ¬ȥգۼַأϣ¸ˡ
ô죿
ʮӶûɣ˲ư
ūȥʱÿ¸

ǡ
Ӯ棬¸һ˵ݳȾˡ
ˣʲôʱ£æʵ
¸ϳǰδسǺ˵ݳȾúõūˮȥԡӦھϳǺ󲻾ûġϣҪҪʣ
ڹӰȥٵĿ϶Ǹ֣Ϊ˾Ϻͷ˵İȫݳȾץʡ
ӮϵǺн鱦ʯ룬ֵˣ˻С
˼Сڵٲˣ˵ݳȾҲûпҪæ¡
һˣϽ鱦ʯɽӡ
.
ˮͽ֮ݳȾūȫȥ
վ潫ϵ·ˣ¶ܼ˵ĺۣԼԡͰУ뽫Լˮ档

ȻԾˮ棬ˮ綼ˡ
ˮнôãϸ׵ƤѺˣԵЩ۵ɫԽĿ
ʪĳͷĶȫ¶˫Ƶ۾ӿſΣ˳Ͼ䣬촽ҧˣѪ
ֻҪɣΪʲôͲܡ
ū̽ľǽ塣
ݳȾק˼ϵ·ԼסǱۼūͿϵָӡ
ȥӸɡԱ
ū͵ͷϴӲԺ£Ƿ䡣
.
Ծһ˸ջصԹ쾺ԪҲ˺ŸϵκδϢԲߵĻᣬֱӶ׼ǳǵĳţֱԹҪǲͿں䣬Ծͷ۸Ľ߾Ҳڳս
ƣֻôʣþӳǳǺμǣͬʱǳҲ½½뿪߲УʿҰǣĸҲߣץ߳ūñӳ飬鵽ԸΪֹ
Щ쾿ûҲˣ߾εģܶ¿ҲҪ̣ΪԼһʱ̾ͻ˾ϵĴ¡
ʽӣһĻӮҪţū鱦;ȵȡ
鱦;ϸϸ̵˶֮󣬳һЩͻӺǣūţ⡣
ɽ׵ĻƷ͵ǳǣЩūݵƤͷ۹ͷ᳤ʭϵĶѾŧãɢŻĶζ
δǣڳǽ£ӭĺ罫ǰūε
µūֲֽ̿ŲҪվ־ĿʿеıӣԼվˣӾͻ䵽ϡ
󲿷ū鶼ľΪ֪ȴԼʲôûãֻᱻĸǶ˷ոһظŷصͶһڳԵģڵЩԺļѾǻزȥĹˡ
Ҫ߾ģӺܳӻ
һ嶼ų㣬Ҳδ˵һ֣֪ѣ۰һ£޽Ҳʵ֪һҪԼһģ߾Ļᡣ
Щūûа飬ֻϷһźöӣ
ϴҪЩūϸǵ߻š
-----------------------
л˵ȫbugѸģлָ[ʮ]
ƻҸ͵㽶Ұ̣ƳǰӢ¸ˣͷһ顣


39 
ƻҪճ,Ӯڶûˣÿ춼æɹ
ڴһǮִӳ˲,̷ԴԴϵ˰,ǮҪһֲȫ䵽,˭ڹ̰īһͭ壬Ѫֱɱǰ,ߣҲҲҪ乫
䶼֨Ĭ˹ôﶼǰһˣһִٳˣִҪǣιȴˣǷâ¶ʱǻݱܷâΪá
ڼ,¶˶ڸӺǵ;УԳڵʿ˵Ҫ£ܷһѩǰܾͿ,ܷţֻҪ漰ĸʧЩҲ޷ҪǼвͷǾٺòˡ
Ҫһ,ʫʸ踳ҲȻӮҲûдÿԽ߶ƳĴѡǰġִ䡷
˾ʧ,ָڹͼݣǺϴڵͼϵİ汾ҲȫĬдľ͸ˣʱԹ츣
ֿʼдִ֮ͣ칤ⱾдʮҳҲóȥ¼ˣʱִһ¶ݿ϶ǲȫģֻҪ¶һ㹴˵ĺľˡ
еľ伮Ҳ޳˿׼һרűЩ鼮ģ뿴ֻͨԱԡΪĶʸҲǱΪ˲š
ղѩ컹Ǻ䣬ĹΡ
Ӯſдһ͵ͣʹЩΪ˸ϽûֶͣҪˣҽҪ˼ҩŲźЩ
⿿ڴͷһпֵЩԼҲﲻæ
ҿôãôÿôĻ궼Ӯע⵽һֱڿԼˣȤ
ÿһ̧ͷͱܿװͷСūСūһֱ˯ҡҡѣõź尡
ץ˸ţһ죬Ӳ˭ˡ
дҲдˣ÷ɷɣӮʹӿܵߣԼĴǰ
ƤҪ˵ǿˣҶץźü㻹ϣͿʲô˼ģҲ϶㿴
յĺܽҪȥˡ
㣬ɴͷôط˵Ƚֲ㣬ٶܶ㵽ȥһ¾ͱӮ˸
Сū֮Ͼйζ˯Ӯ˵ڰýˣǴ죬Ӯ֣ͼơ
ûҲԼղڿ
ӮҲûҿвУ
ŬֱͦɻΪ𡢺㣬֧һӮУоȥ
֪Ӯûб˼Ӯ׽һ˿ϣ
Ҿ⣬㻹ô̽ĿתӮŹϵκα仯
Ӯ˫ȪˮעţԺʧˣΨڼһһЦϲŭ֣ȫУһ벻
ģֻˣҾúõĿ㡣
⻰ѿڶģԼû뵽ȴ˿ʵ뷨
һתһߣܿӮߡ
⣬ϰ˵Ļ
Ծɻϲ춼㻹û
ӮִսЩ
ʶ㣬жͻȻͣͷתȥղӮĴƲ⣬ȴů⡣
װ֪飬ʣҪŹ
Ӯ˲ǲ壬۾գ£Ҫ˵ʲô
ϴδȥۺ÷ҲйһζݵĴ춼촽
ʱԼӻˣȡҲʼˣٺһ࣬ֵԤڣҲŽŽǣͰЩԾ׵Ժ
ڼֿ֣ʼԾˡ
Сͨͨ۾۽Ĵϣһ洽Ρ
Ĵܺÿ񣬴̣ɫۣ΢ʱӨɫͬ۹ۣ̲סҪһǲǺеǰ
ԼͻȻðͷһֿƲס
ĺϵζźظʲôû¶ȴջ
ǿԼߴ촽ƿµϸСëȥһ䡣
ûͬ§˯䵽ģʱ䷢Ƕǲκ˼аģֱŮ
ڡ
ûϴգֻա
û㣬ûܿ˫ȴŵľסӡ
ǱǼգϸƤмãȶ͸֯ݹ
Ӯĺͣһ˲ƣµǺһСƬѩ׵ļ
ޱĶⲻʧְЦԼĻġ
˺ͬӮ˾룬˫Ÿӵĵ׵Ļվûʳڡ
Ӯɵɵ㶵̧ԼͣⷽƤ¶ȡ
ҡղŵĴͣŮͬ𣿡
˵±Цʮ궼û̸ͬ뷨ͷһΡ
Ư޵ŮҲܶ࣬ݳȾǴŮûһоΨ⣬ʱ׽̽塣
ֳԭȡļ¶ţͬʱְԳֵ˷ܣ񼴽һУ֪涼Ǳ̲סҪۿǴ
ɻĿûӦǴɵģһᣬ˫һվ׹ȥ
ȡһΣӮºܷУҲǿ
Ĵ
Ҳǵһ£ȥͲˣϵĺһ
Ӯ۾գգͣ촽ƮƮƶ˵
ԭǺŮ˽ǵĸоʲôġġ
汦ͷһ£֪촽ǲġ
۽ҲĲ˫ֲ֪ʱѾӮࡣ
ץ·ĶһְʾӮͣգ͵۾˰ߵĴݣ·ĴڷӦ
ֱŮһһ̮Ŀǰܿ϶ľԼкǣڴ
̽ѰĴ飬ʱ˱һ˱һ¡
˴ȵĺڶĺнڣ뵳İ
ס֫˵Լʵܣ촽ġ
˵漫ˣ۶Ʒ˷ܡ
˫ͨ죬Ǻ쵽ѪҧŸոձ˱Ĵҳһš
ӮͷζһΣԼǲıˡ
˵ľ뻹ܽζڱǼ⡣
Ӯȥ⾱ǼգŻصϡ
ľ͸Ƶģˡ
˽ˣҪˡ
ͬʱۣҪϣԱߺ˯СūˣСȭͷһŰ
ۣ
ˣһܴ
ϣƿӮͷۿ޵Сū
ӮһͷԵ¡
-----------------------
л˵żҹڣųԳԺȺˣżҵóԣ˹˹ȥҪϣ°ҼҵĲû[ī]


40 
¥֮ӮҲֻ,ɽӳȥ鷿д飬е,͵¥,Լѵ㡣
¥ϵĻǵһ,òϱ/ը/
зǹһ,һȻоһģѧ˾衣
˲ڵԱ/ը/δ⹫䶼֪ĵƣûоȱ/ը/֮ǰ/ը/Ծɴڱܽ׶Σ쾴ȥ߾ҲֻͶĻڡ
ſ¥Χ,ֱ磬ʵڴסȥˡ
ӭ˼װX¹Ȼʺ
֮͸¸˵Ժ˶ĺ·ȥ,ô¥ʿôǮȥˣ
ʮȣʿֻڿ洩һаֱظλ
¸εĵͷͣѾ˸,ֻѪ࣬һʱ
صظѪһʿרðʿĹ¶,û˸̰īǮȷʵ˶࣬һʱƲô࣬һʿкĶ£һֻԭļаʵ֮ǰĴѾܺõˡ
Ӯû֪Ѫû˸̰Ǯǽ̫ˣûʿȶˡ
Ҳֻӣס֡ϥЩϡ
̹ǣʿֶ׻ȱٱůĻߡ
Ҫ˵ԭˣԼů紺ܣʿĶҡ
鿴ӺͻӪ࣬ξӹʿ嶼ԵʣײʿȴˮΪ׷ºͻڣ˼ġ
ھеߡ
˶һ˭ǺǰԭǵˣԹҲţҷھƣкʵĶ£ٶ⣬˵ԺҪսɱ˵УҲƾնסܵеȾǶӮȻ͸ġ
ϢҲ֪ǴģʼѪڲӺͻӪǱ߶֪ˣֵʿ¾ĲȣºͻڽҵӮҪ֤Ӯ˻ȥ
ûֱӷϣǾ¡
鲻Ծ»˼ұŲһϵԡ
¸ҲʿӵܣȻɹһƾͻƲɵøʿվһߣͬԿ׳ľȨŶԣ常ҪʱһЩҲ޷ΪЩӬͷСǾϲϲ
常ޣ˷⣬Լɡ
ôΪʿ룬¸ж͸常ԼĳЩͬ¸֮Աǣ常ӱ߾㲻ϴˡ
뵽ϼһλ䣬¸Ʋסǣ̲ȥ죡
ӮЩҲΪ˸ԼǣнʿΪ˵ľɲϳɱУԡѪսºͣҲڽʿġ
¸붮Ӯ鷿ȥ滹һӻ
Դɽ̺Ӯÿ̶ܴ󣬾ڹҲˡ
ƹѩСڲ·֪ĻݳȾ
ƳźãŲ̬֮ɫƤ԰ףѩȹ߱մʪĵطѾɱ⣬Թ*ģģûһ㣬ƫƫ˼ɫô͸
¸ٴУνǰ
ݳȾͣôתߡ
¸ϣδҲ̫ſЩ
пɽһ㶼Ӯûͷûһ䡣
ݳȾûԶ⻰ͻͷݺӮһۡ
Ӯü˵
ݳȾʶҪνȴ˸գڹЯ
ߣԣпɽ
һͱðƻ
˲ǱȴȱɶҲЩʿ岻˳ۣŲףҪΪ˱ܣ˲Ӭһܡ
ԽԽݳȾ첽뿪
¸ڵҥԣбҪѣ˽ҥݳȾǾϴͷѰ檡
Ӯ㱻ԼĿˮǺʲô˭ģ˭ֻƵҥԣ
˶ˣ¸ĬĬһ䡣
ӮˣָݳȾ뿪ķŭѾ뿪ӹȥ
ֺ޸ݵҥҪǴĶ䣬ƺҲϴ塣
ŭХĺݳȾĶ䣬Ųδͣȴ֣ëҪըˡ
ȵ첽صԺڣƿžͿձӽ彣ö˶˷ϡ
ץſϵ΢΢ŭܹȥ彣ɨ䣬賯ܺ
žһѵ죬ԺźūͶϰˣøﻹ
֮ݳȾͱŰ뿪˹檵ҥԲơ
Ů¸⡣
Сūպ̣Ӯ̵ķá
չСūĸҲδ˽Ӥſֱĵģ̫ΣˣʱĸŵľˣżæŵҪӣӮѺˤš
ʱҲŵˣӮ֮Сūȷʵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ̡
һ˴ЩɫˡŮɫ˵
Сūã⽫ڱ䴦ҡź˯ЩҥǴŵġ
أ
챻Сūһٿޣ㽫ӮƵ£ӮԼˡ
Сū²֪ͱӮ⣬֮ӮͳˣҲûл
ĸСūߣŮԼϡ
Ůϻ鷿˿Ҫ˹ȥʣ
һʱ϶ɽ÷ģֻǲ֪վϺͷôˣ뿪ʱɫ糣ȴܿϵ
Ǿд˻δģ˴ӲҶϵĶҲҿ
;κ¶⴫ǰһӵūͱϸܿͱѪȥˣѳʬ塣
ΣûӣӮߣĴŷӲ
֪ӮΪʱ˵ЩСūδ飬ֻǱҪ°סֽš
ˣٵȵȡ
ŮƵ䣬һֱ׸Ҳơ
ת棬СūӤ⣬ϻӮΪСū׼Сߣ˹ġСССϻ˴ϵģﻹࡣ
ֻϻĶ꣬ӮʱСūҧгݵӣ̲סЦ
ָḧϻԴһһ߶ӮַģʱҲ˵һġ
Ǹǡ
ͷɵ÷̣Ҳӿˡ
ӮУˡ
ָ̧ű׹Ĵָ¶ȵֲӮϵ⣬ëĴУ
.
ӮȷʵǱ鵢ˡ
ǰ˿ɿǰϷѰҽİ취һֱûϢΪ·;ңԶҲ߳⣬ȴͻȻϢء
ϷŮҪӺΪȣ
ֽ˼ϷԭѾǳ֥ùӵˣϷ֪˶ٸȴûһ̤ԭ
һ¸ϷѲϵҲ˺ü£˸ڽࡣ
ǣͷۡ
ǧ°
-----------------------
л˵ˣƴ˸ͷ[ī]


41 
,Ӯ˰ʱʱ⻹ûԷ
СūҲ,СҡﶢСëѽѽ,ӹת,СŰͼ
Բһְֵ˿˾ӮһֱСūһˮ,۷ۣСë
СһһȷʵƻգӮ˲С˹ûһʶ־ȹȥСһﱧߵߡ
Ա˯˯˳ԣСһںзǰ·˴Сһʱ˵˲١
ѽСūźƵ۾ڰʹưСݡ
Ӯ޵ĶѾ൱,һֻоţһְֻŰı߽ǣָͷȥСū°͡
⺢ֵ°Ͷкü,ĸϴʱѹ˷ľֺľһӡ
ѽʲô
ۡСūݡ
ӮһĭӣҲû,˵úúã͵ǰзնµˣԺ϶ƽƽ,˳˳ʲôһ˳
⣬ƫô۰Ҫ˵ⲻǰݼڣ˭š
ϾţӮϡˣýСūŻСӤ˲תǰŽʾӮͷϵĭӸȥ
Ҳࡣ
ȲӮְչȥСӵĿˮ࣬˵СūҲҹŮеԼŮġ
˶ˣӵȻҲġ
ͣ¶̣ܿѹȥ
ϡϱԹȴǿĵġ
СūɰðҵȻϡˡ
첲֪ϡˣ³Էɣˡ
˵ôˣõҳԷ˾ȳԣǲ
ԼĺһԷԹУԺ󲻵ˡ
һˣӮ壺ǵӡ
Ҳ̫æ˲ϳԷܲסƿߣ˫΢΢͸ź졣
Ӯһ㶣Ц۵׸֣·һƬǹ⣬ɵʣҰ
ʵܶʱܸܵڿڵĹģҲͦԷڹһԼģһֱȲҲûǿ
û뵽쾪ϲôͻȻ˰Ǹ鲻ԽǣǱСūϣ֪Լ᲻һ
ΪԼͱŮ˽ǻʲôоóĽ۾ǣܡ
˭ͻȻһ£һͶԷһ̫ȭ
Ƥͱ˵ֻѾˣʣ죬ץϵĿߴٵԷɣҪˡ
ǹˣϣƤ污컹˭ĵŶ
ӮǷ۾ȴֱԱߵ⣬һڷɵЦһ£ɵƵģⱻգһֱͷס
һĿŵ߿߳ԣһƨɣطȥ
޿̣궯ֽӮתһȥ׵ҡ
ãҲúóԷӮЦŴӦ
ǵԼһֱôţ᲻˼Է
һһ룬⻹أûԺÿɲС
źҰͷźѵãǳ˴ģ۸ߣùĳӰԲˡ
ҰͷǸԻһͷҰѾԹһҰ⣬ʹʮ˰սҰȥˣѹǣʮֺڡ
Щϵĺβɢ
ԹӮ˵Ϸţԭˣ֪ıࡣ
ϷŮҡͷδ˵
ӮȥϷΪҽϷŮĻ죬һӲзϡ
˼ˣӮ֣˥ܣϷѶ겻أЩ˽˻ƻֺ˵ĶԷҽҵķӣҲҪòײס棬ǣסͳϷҰģԶΪá
Ӯ̾һָĦ͹ǣ֪ʱ仯ͬϸ͸ĵĵطһ׶ĵͬĵӿƲסӿ
Ӳǹ˴ͷʱįͼվֵĲʺͷŭȴӦҪκȣǾһҪ
ҪģҾȣκǾΣ漰𣿡
֪ڵʲôºòײתвеҪԡ
㡣
Ӯһʹĺ󱳣˵ɵһģ
ܿ£Ц⻰Ҷ˺üˡ
ûӮǴ˷ִӮҲίģûи
Ҷֻ㣬кö㡣Ӯ¡
̧ͷһȦܣͷţȷʵ⼸Ӯ֪˶ٺöɽӣӱҲڸˣڷӤĵطʱڳģȻҲŲ¡
ʱСūҲ̣ĸŹ
ӮѣӹСūԼ
Сūӵĳ¶˳ǶĺҲԽԽ󣬱Ǹһǰ㣬ζҲûе
Ӯϸ˵Ϸ᲻֪ӵ
ҩǰĺϼϷģǺŽҩ͵ϣЩô꣬صϷʱ˫ضǱŽĳЩʶףЩҩ֪
ˮɲ⡣
Ůĸ˳ȥˣûˣҲٱܻ䣬²⣺ϷŮӺǣѲɸйأô֪ҷҩ
ݳȾ֪Ϸ϶ҲԼ·˵ǺϺĹ
ϸϷҲй᣿
ϹµģҲãҲգֻҪܰκþС
ѾһûѡЩҪˣб¾;ȡ
.
ѩͣɽХҰ̤ЬӡܿͱѩǣѰټ˴ȺӭӺ棬żβʱ׼
ֱڵΡǽҰڣȺŲĵͣԭء
ţ¹ϵֵѩĲ¶
۽ë˪ˣɼǳǵж䡣
ǳʱһͨѾͳʮˡ
Ѫоʿ廹ƽˣͳ֮λҲǿԼɱлġ
ɱ˶ʮȮ֣ЩȮڱ߾̶ӣɧźŰɱʱϡ
Ѫģȷͷ˭֮سǵʿŸҴ򿪳š
ǳǺμڣμҪ߾μӱߣǳȮռĲԭǰﻹһճǣѾָ
пһūҲûʿ壬ֻصĳڸɻ
֮ƾˣǣȺۼĽֵ
Ӻ̶ӣʮĻ󲿷ֶǶƷϸѡûжǮֻܾԼһ
ȻӪ򼷽Ⱥ鶳óԡ
ѪӪҲڳڣǳǵһǧˣִӺͻӪˡ
ǧѾˣټϱ߾սȻҲɱ£ڳ¥ϵĻڿɲǰ裬ǰڳ񽫰֮Ȯָըˡ
ŶصӪʱѾȥϴˡ
Ҳڣֻϼٽѵ±
ЩǾ¶ͷΣ˵Ǿλ֮ǰû˵ܷܽլ˵ġ
ͳΪֵ¹ʮˣٽϼܰˣٽ֮ˣϾǶǧˡ
֮»ʲ鳤ֱʮ˺ˡ
˵ЩǡλԺ󲻽ѪҪƣӺͻӪҲҪˣٲپͥƾ
ӺͻӪ˿ʼмֵµʿȴĽƾԼɱٵˣͶʿӵȥ
ٽŶ˸߲ңԶԶͺˡ
תͷǰǰ鷢ž޲ӿʱ͸ɭȻ
ٽ̶ǣ˶ԡһ±ĵǰ
纵Ķüͷһ壬Ҫ˵ͱƴϡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣ˵ˣĶ䶼ˡ
ΪӦؾ档纵ǱɳĦһ
ʱʧ˶ˣһɤҲŨѬˣ˵һֱ
Ʋ죬Ķûˣַˣ鶳ôҲ㰮ԣ˲ž˳·ģһû͵ûҲû񣬺ĺĻҪһ١
Ҳίͦ˵һ£Ҳˡ
纴ۣҲҪ
ƺݺݵҪͲҪĵ¿ηΣ
תˡ
线ԶıӰѵĴ̧ǰһͣ£վû׷ȥ
ʿŮսպյĴ󽫾ǹ˵⣬Ѫовٵľɲ׶ǣĳ߲ȱеˡ
ԼƽŽΪٽֵ֮ŮֺãЩԱ롣

纰ѵ±
ǰۼڳſڵūѾֳ˺üڳ˻
Щ±ԭҲū
ѩӣʮɽ·һʿū׷ܵūڶĺѾ˺ܶˣѪȾ˻ѩ
ݵ˽СŮѩ£޺Щߣ죡ǳܣܡ
ۣ
˵£Ѫһѩο
-----------------------
л˵ǵƪĵиǳԵѣ̨TƭǮƭɫ̳ë꣬Ȼʧ˾Ҽҿ޵ҪҪȥ̸һֱˣҼҿ޿һũ۵ûˣϴ赹ͷ˯


42 
ݵƤͷͯĻͷ,Ŀ޺ţ
ߣߡ
߶ѩ£Լٷȥ׷ĶͣԼѪ֮Ϊǲһ
ֻҪѩ¾ǽ߾,Ͳ׷ȥ,Ǿлȥϣ,˵ǳǻūԱʶֵūܸĻݳΪƽ
ڵʱ,ǰֵչڣհҵĻ档
漴һתԹ̤ǵĹǵĹն£ܴջٷݣҲԾ°߱Ϊūţͬס²壬ʳոһ긴һĹŷ˵
Ů˱ū߽׸ʿ,һҹʣһ߱ĥı˵ʬˣһҲ裬˱ĺˮ
Ǵ׵ĺӼѻ,ֻΪгһ뿪˴Ѱûᱨ
޼ҳ񲻸
ūĶͽ˵ʬһߣվѩϿЩСūҪ߾,Ͳԥȡ׼Сūȫɱ
ش͸ͯС壬ǵڻѩҲ
δмĺӾſ޺,ǵĺܿͽǵᶳɱѾоʹѩеײײܡ
ΪԼҲӲȥʱѩµĶͻȻս˻ĺڰѩɽϡ
;㵵̧ͷȥֻһ֧۶
£Ͱвãæ𹭼תͷҪ뿪ѾΪʱ
HǽĵطҰ
Ƴǰ͸ĲĶͶС
ͭѩԣս߸Ծ𣬿ЩҼɱǰͼܵĶ͡
мˤ䡣
˼Ʋæн
Ҫ׷纲ǱԹĵؽ硣
ƻͷ۵ѩȥСūüͷ壬ѵЩߣ
ЭԼ߾𵶸꣬δ磬Ҳܽ׷
ԶķɳƵɤѣϷΪٽҪܺõµˡ
ƻǲģȴҲ֪ء
ȡסǸ˵Ķͣһ͵ĲӣȻһͷϣѩקһѪۡ
ЩҴСūؿǰһĻ
纱ɨЩСūǲԭ˳ࡣ
ȮѪ
Ȯֵĵ̽Ȯֿɶ񣬱Ů˾ȮѪĺӣЩڵرΪ֣һ֣λǳͣ󲿷ֶΪū͵ȵū
СūͱŻˣɵɵļһǲ֪ȴԼĽʲô
иԼСū̧ͷӵĿϵˣѩʱĻ׳ŵſڣŽͣ󡢴ˣǲǻ֣񡣡
ݣ纲ϵá
ѪζܿͻὫȺ˵ز˾
纲پᣬ̼뿪СūҲˡ
ӭ緵سڣȥϷ㱨
ڹǳǵĳΪūһǱǵԹգ޴ȥǨ;ȮֹʿֻŻʿ壬¸Ȯּ̤һԷعǳԸΪˡ
ūΪһ󵨵ĸĸΣѹɽһֱĳڻңڰ¹ȥˣĵҲûзЩΪūҲڿ죬ɻ͵
˶ӱ˴̶ӲðѩӺǣͿԽ󶹼ӹɸֶƷӶɻǮսᣬǮͿ̶ӹճҪĶ
յţڼūѸٲǵ˿ڿȱ˰ø̶ǣֻҪԸڳڿ͸ԷһĲԼ˺;Ǣöǻȡţë
Ԫ˭ȥԭ󲿷ֶȮֵĵ̣Ҫ׾ƲȮ֣ǰѪͱ߾ŰȮʰһ٣˼еѡ
ǿ¡ѯ
ҲšüǱ߾Ľ죬Ƕ޲ýȮֶ˺顣
ʱʿǵˡ
纺ܿͱнȥɫһȦڵˣŽѲʱ˵ˣܾЩСūҲɺϡ
񣿡쾾ȡ
Ҳ纲ϵãΪǼԹ֮Сͱˡ
ǵ˺ԭ˻ӵģԴ󲿷˶ǻ֣ü۽Ϊ䡣
ʱƣ˲֪ٴҲѾѰٵԵľңǶͳĵˣüĿŮòɫʮֺϡ
纽ѡūҪʻ
ΪҪͨŦٲʢݹǳΪȫǮľĲرʹø·ᡣ
Թݣּ⵱˹ʺִңֻΪݹĲر⣬Ϊڳý⴫ʷ鶼мء
ʵ΢Щ·ʿ嶼֪ԹëûţҲûҵر⣬߳ŭ֮²Žɱ˵ġ
ȻѾˣΪڻԳ񣿳ĲԾԲԼһЩСū
ӴǸСūܿ챻ܺ£ڵϡ
̧ͷ
ϵͷСū£̧ͷ
һǰץСūļֿסСū°ͽ̧˿ĳࡣ
ģ˫۾еɫһ۾ϳˣʱҵˣ۾̲̣ɫ
ǰ
ϸϸࡣ
СūսսԼ֪¶˵ˣ˵͵͹ү˵ܶūȥ˹ǳǣŴܵġ
·Ѿ˺ܶˣĵҲˣҲˣʣЩСġ
Сū˵ԼڹүȦﶼū۾ɫһŸһŵ۾ǻɫģŻǳҥ
Сū˵ĹүǲԭϵһūҲȮ֣ԭ̶ףֵµūҲģ񶼻ᱻץ䵱ūʿ壬ЩֻҲ;бץշת͵˴С
ʧʷĹ£ū֪ЩҵĺҲ
˵ݺȮֵĵֲţмһԹ֪ôܿܵġ
ֻ˳
Сū̫ףǺģ֪ҲֻЩ쾻жǾҵĺǺݹѪһ֧
СūеӦǵ껤Һˣʿݶпܡ
Сūȥ֮󣬳쾾ͺԪȥԭǸūӴӴţë⣬˳ǵʲô
ҪܴЩʵڲرǾǴһӺ֮֮λʸһ
ջĳãƮɵĴѩŵϵҫȫ˰
ȥԭ׵İ취Ǽ̶ٰӣԱʹһǧѡ
ӵϷ纽Լֵµһٺ
ֱͦˣ۰Ͱ͵ԼС
纵߾ֻͣһ˲ƿˣû
ܿչƵ˰컹ûԼ֣ͲˣҪ˵
ΪʲôûѡϣҲĶˣĹĵĽסߡ
纵ͷץԼֱ۵֣ǵƸսѪʱ˫ֻϸ۰ģѾ߾ĺ紵ĴֲڸѣҲĥ˺롣
Ƶ֣ʲôͶûתˡ
վסں溰ûͣ£͸ٽ纣
纽Ųһ٣ͱ׷ץżһ*Ťȥ
˵Ϊʲôûѡϣƻðɡ
ʹȥԭ֮ǰССֲһ˭ȥԣ㲻С
㶣ܿͷӦ⻰ʲô˼
˲ŭˣһ½ƷڵأѹסԷסԷڡ
Ҳκ˲ϵĹҲث֣Ʋˣ
Ҳûзţֻ˫žЩ仯
εΣգȥ˾Ϳܻزˡ
أҲ֪ΣգȥҲȥҲҵôôţǲǻҪлл㰡
纵Ĵ˶κα⡣
ãһὫֱȥ
ɿһŤͷˣ֮ûٸ˵һ仰
붣䣬֪οڣְֻ֮㽫ҪԼߣ·ΣҲܼʱš
װɵ̶ӻ̶֧ŶƷĴǣԭ
⣬ҲͲرд˿ӱͻӺ
.
Ӯӵʱαװ̶ԭˡ
ţ֮Ժֻһ뷨쾻޵м©
̾İͼϻźܶССЩСڼз棬ҲֻݣҵĿ϶ݡ
ĸԻʣкۼĨøɸɾ˳ЩһĻ֪һһ㲻֪
ɽӸ¡
֪ݻҵĺҲ𾪣˲϶Сūˡ
СūϵСë򿴵𾢣СëͻȻˣżˣСȭĴȻСһߡ
ۣۡ
һƨ
еӮÿ춼٣컹ûԼͷƨˡ
-----------------------
л˵껨ˣˣ


43 
Сū첼ϻʱӮ˵ҪҲһ,һֱû
ҳϴûľë۵ƽϣٻϻ״,ȻͭŻõ״߱߼óͬĲ,鲼ϵһ,ƨɺһСëϻ͹ˡ
ǷŴĿɰ,ͷԲֻԲܵҲܵ
ֻϧûϻƣͷ˵ⷿҿûлƤٸġ߱˵ϻ̫⣬ûϻƾ;˵˼
ȴĲУԭҲֻӮǿЦģûĻٷһϻԼ
ҾҪͦáͷŲϻϵķ,ڻﶼ᲻÷¡
ӮսһԵСӣٽСӸ鵽㡣
һε衯Сūڲ,ѾܵЩнǵĶźӣԶЩطˡ
߼ĶǲܷСṻĵطҲ֪ԼЩȽǣǿƲס,ǲĸ׵ġ
ⱧŲϻֵӣҲǮһĸˡ
ԭϲЩԺ,Ӷ
棿ǣЩš
ɵӮΪЦãһõЩƭ㰡
ֻܱŲϻˣҲίˡ
СūĲϻҲڴϣڳˣʼϡˣ˯ʱϻһҪԱߡ
ǻ꣬СūǸ
ϻ¸һ䣬Ӯ߿дţѾͷڹǳҲͦ͵ģǹƥ͸ҸȮɱ¾ʹͨΪͳ
дļ飬Ӯû͵żϰߣʱ⽫ͷš鱨֮ϣſд嶼û͵˽ⷽǺġ
⽫¿һ飬ذ׵ָֽţѰһԵñȱ˺ÿ
ƶ϶û˵̶ӵȥ˲ԭǶҲûʵ˵
û˵Լ뻢Ѩͻصпдװס
Ӯ˫ȣſڱ϶Сū棬ǲǵԲû˵
ȥ߾ԼҪģûзԣҲľ
Ҫҵ͵սսϵۣҲһ˲ŻսƶҪԼһأ֪Σȴ
Ӯ֪ҲǵĵģƶҲƽġ
⻰Լ˵Ŷ飬ĲԭǳΣգǱ߻Ȯֵĵ̡
̾һۺ÷ŵһߡ
߾ԡѪսĵطκ˶˽ȮֵײС
ӮҲ֪ΰοսҲûо롣
СūСȿʼѽѽ˵Ӥ·ĻͷñͷϺܺʡ
ǶźӵĳӮġ
˵ڶţѾϷŮ̻Ӻˡ
СūԼϣźСūſ͸ɽһſ˫СĻţСūȥ
СūֳһŲܿҪ̳ԡ
ѽӣżѰ
Ӯնյƨɣ˶Цˣû̸ȰҴˡ
ѽܣҪȡ
СūҪȥˣӮתͷͷЦֵֻĲϻϣ۽Ƿ죬͸ν۽޶ʪˡ
㻹ЦŮҪ̣Ҳܡ
ӱ䴦̧ͷֽӹСūģһ뵽ղСūӮ̺ȵĻ̿Цˡ
ֻɡӮĺëȥ
滹úܣɱˡ
Ц˾ſڲϻ棬ͷֱ۾ĿСū档
Ӯʱ䶼Ҫæҹ˯ۿˡ
Щ˯ɣ̫ˡָͷ˶ΪӮƽüޣ֮ǰûеġ
ֶӮ˵ķɣʲô룬Ҳۡ
ɼȻ˯
.
ѳﱸ׵ʿ嶼ʮӣЩʫʸ踳˱ؽѴ׵ͷΡ
ӮҲ֪ʿĿأǿδؾЩʿͷʫʺ͵伮ȴ㹻ķʿ̸
Щʫʸ踳ɲѵģôƽ޹Ϊʿ·ҪĴ̸ֻԼܹռݾĵλȻЩӴͲԴ
ִд˼ʮҳȫ3.7֣дĶֻǱɽһǣһҲ㹻ùΪ֮
ֻһۣǱҲŲ£޲ýԼء
֪ЩҲʾˣΪ飬͸Ӳˣµǰͥ˲ɲгȫ˵
ӮڿϣƨɵµĺƤ⻬ʵÿ涼̲ס룺ҪǴƤȥƤε˽½Ӧⲻɣ˵·ϼģ֪Ƥ͵Ƥˣ˵ƤĻ۸ͻһ롣
ˣ̫󣬻
Ǵ鱦ȥɣԭĿⷿôϡ䱦ҲǻңԺƷڵصҲǱ˵Ĺǻ֪ˣǮ֮϶һཨϣѧУ߸ɴվڴǮĴţҲǺҪǮİ
ݳȾ֪¸ԼʲôϵǸʧǱӻļȸ̨ͷҲԶù⡣
ʱ£˾ͳŵַ裬ҪôȥʳȾƣÿ춼ԼȵҲ֪ôصȸ̨ڶͺúڴϡ
Լϣ̧δ۸¶ӣڵҾѬ͸ˣһɫսŵҹľ㡣
¸ױϵ·ԽԽ˷룬Ѿβ͸ˡ
վͻȻټ䣬ó˵壬ô²Ǳô򵥣ûκ˽ͷӶǽעŵóݳȾϡ
ӦҲע⵽ˣֻջʧжϡ
ʱӮһ
˲һ˵Ŀⶼһϡ
ҲˣΣʡ
˽ȫڵأѾԱĵļΨһԳǶ˵壬ۼһλѧˣҲ޺ˡ
ӮҪľӦŬѹǣʼݼ
Ϊִ䣬ĵũҽա񻰷û벻ֻǲ֪ҲǷѾѪŵõģڹС
ٺõ֪Ҳãʿô᲻ǾܽͷԼļ
ʫʸ踳Ȼ̳ˣִ߷Թһ־ܴԺ¶붼ùܼ
񻰷ʱµ۾һĨȵĿ뱲ӣɲ紫˵еһ̽
ΪѰϱֻΪҵµĲƪֻ֣Ҳãôȥˣʲôûҵ
д棬ϱضл
ϵ˼
ߵÿһڽκϡϸѣǽκɾ֪һߣʱûף֤ѡ·ǶԵġ
ӮĿλ䣬Ȼ˵Ϊйͣй߷ҽɷ

أǹݳȾ˵
ʵҲԤУÿټ£ȸô֮󣬺϶ͻ¡
ȻӮ˵ӽҪȸ̨ڵϣҪݳȾʱ򣬹Ͱԣ豶ǺͬѡȾ䡣
üͷһ壬ôϲ£ˡ
ϣ²ɡվ
ϸÿһλͬһþ޴ֹϵĲ̾ڳã˭˺ϵĸӮҲ䵱ѶԸֻкϡ
϶Ҹԭ¶ԭ˾ͷλٽ
˿ûҰġ
ӮЦ£˭ᡣ
ִڹС
в//в
һ򲻶ɽĺŴʱɫЩκ˶õ壬Ժ˵̫ҪˣϲȱǮҲȱȨΨȱ壬Ͼܽ˻ԶΪʿ塣
ʿ֮ҲеȼֵģڽǶ̯ʿȽϣǰʮȥ
ΪģȱĻ
-----------------------
л˵ܣ껨֪ŪһֻҵһԺﵱ棬ֱӷϣҵʱɱģ΢Ц


44 
Ҳԣ
ѹӹ˵ͷ,ͷ¶ɫ
ͬҪϵ˼,Ҳ,ȸ̨һ¾Ͷˡ
ڼ,˭ϵó˲ǵ,ҲմĪĹ⣬ʱ˶ڣԶҫĺݴ
ǲԣȸ̨һŵϣֵƽҪˡ
ȸ̨һʿ壬ҪԼ
ţ˶Ȩףױ̬
¸Źϵ·,˼ƽϣ̤һ
ĶҲ,ʶᷴԡ
½ĻȴǴһ
¹ͣ٣ͫƫƣȽŵķΧﵽ߷ʱ˵й,й߷ݳȾǱй,йͣø轱͡ȸ̨͵칫֮𣬷ڰǰڵϣȫƾԣҲ޷Եɡ
ûзԵʸҲ֪ãֻὫԨβ˳ۣλǷһ顣
Ϊλ˵ݳȾڽйͣףλס
תͷϵûʲô飬۵ȴѾɱ⡣
˿壬Ŀǰ̩ɽ
ӨӨ΢ɢϣԳ˼˵ϡ
¶̬һӪȻҲ֨
ʣµľͿźˣǹ˵棬̬ҲҪ
΢̾ˣΨͬ⡣
վҲԡ
Ҫڣ͵һӦˣֻϧƥڱ߾û
Խˣκı̬ˡ
ʱһôԵȴվѡվ˺ŵĶ棬Ҳԡ
ϸнˣȴһ˲˳Թ֮⣬׷׿š
ŵǳ鶯£Ѫǻӿ磡
紹û취ͬҪ
ˣű˵һҲΨһԵˡ
֮ףֻҪԵ£ҲҪ˼ɡ
ǡ
̧ͷϵӮӡ
Ӯ纣ŶԿĺīʯڷɭɱ⣬罣
ĵ׵ܶһıƶ޴ӣУֻҪ£ָܽһлڽǰ
ٶȽ˶ϢԴ
ڣӮڣߣȴش˵Ķ䡣
¹غδѾȸ̨֮¾ʹ˶¡
䣬ơ
ϰڹڵѶûϢ¶һӮ
ӮŰѱȴûϷѣŷǵûиеңȲ϶֧Ӯ͸ӾĲ
ٲȻվӮߣϺ֧š
沿飬ϣȸ̨ڵϣԡйͣй߷ݳȾɽд̣ɵն
ݳȾд̣ĻʹδκϵӮһֱûκѾĵС΢ˡ
²ỹã˶ܵ·Ͼţ˼Ҷ׷Ǿ͸ûҪϸӽҿˣһ׷ڳһһ˭Ӳ
кݰƫƫʱ£ҲΪ˵ʵݳȾдˡ
д̣ŶǸʵǹϷԹʹģ档
ţ
ݳȾ
ҪҪԼ˵ʲô
ӮŲܱôҪֻиڽȸ̨ڵʿ¢ϵľ棬λڵײˣңԡ
ƳھԾҪȸ̨ڵϣԼǡ
䷨
͵סף𾪵Ŀ֮ˣôң
ͬʱһ󵨵ͷϲԸϵָҲϵĻ᣿
Ӯһ㶼ԼʵĿı˲УվĶ˾ġ
ΣԹѡưͿˣָˣеʿ忹⡣
ⳡĹҲȫԿӮӦὫִó
뿪ǰͥʱɫ糣Ż򵥽̸˼䡣
ݳȾܲԸ⡣
Ӯһȸָ̨ʹͷլˡ
Ժȸ̨ϴ󣬲ݼ㻹ŸˣǷһӮһͰ͵ŶȥģָҪת㡣
ѾسǰյǣӦǰ·Ͼдġ
ݳȾһ˾͸һ
ҲҪߣһ۶ĳ̶ȡ
⸱ĺѲӮ棬ͳʲôϵУƢôļζذһ֮Ȼڡ
ס
ƲƲ졣
ݳȾָָŭʲô飡
˵ԹԴӺܣٺȾƣӮϵ²˿ڣ䳶һƤڿʵúܣɤӶðˣԺȥҵľƲộģԼȵڴϣ֪Լå
ǼҾʵģֻ·˴ΪӪ
Ҫ¡ݳȾ飬ǳŭ޵ٶŤˡ
Ӯûۿ֮У֮¡
ӳ뿪Ӻ쿪ʼ˲ʮš
ݶһ˼ǣҿˣٸͷҶٸˡ
ɱҡݳȾֱӷ衣
һŮҪ
ֲɵҪݳȾŹ
˵Ծһ˻س;кܲ˳̿һ·׷ɱǳ˸ɵġ
мһֱûݳȾᣬڳ뿪ӺĵϣѲʿڳһΪƫƧĽֽǷһʬ塣
֤ʵݳȾˣһѪˣ͸͸ġ
ҲΪµġݳȾԴһŤһĮĲ
ھó˿
㣡ݳȾתŭĿӡ
Ӯһ̯֣ǸҲˣҪԸͻߣɡ
ɣŶ̶ݳȾЦֻùˡ
˭˵˭ûļŵԡ
ڽɼ
ɵûҪأڲҲסˡ
.
붬ѩһֱ϶£ȻͱӮѻ˵ˣѩˡ
ǰǾһƬķݱѩѹİ޴ȥЩµһ´򣬸ϻЩǺ֧
֣ȴֿ̰ǰճֶ£ҲԽԽ࣬ͼԹ
ܶİվۼǣѾӣѲӺ˳ͻ̬ѹסֱͱӮǰ
ķζ̨ϵӮ͵ؽĵϣҧ˵
²ֵİվͱϰˣЩ̰Ǯ˵ǧټҪѹȥȻԱҵµİȫɱ
ΪԼһѡֿ˳һǮմմϲڼٰһˣû뵽Ƥ¾Ȼôն
ԼǸЦǹЦ˱϶Цɵȱ׬ǮͨһַʽʿĿڴڸʲô
֮Ҳתˣֽùɨݣɫδġ
õһߣδã
Ӯα̧ͷ鷿ݶ
Ǹٻ
Цķ̣ܴ͸ש߿׷ɵĴѩԼѩɪɪİա
˵ͷ­ն£ڳͷοֵİգټ볯Ҳһط
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Σɱ
һֻůֱָָǣϸǱĶ䣬εס
ʲôȥԶվߡ
˽գһ壬ܲɷˣ԰κ£¸ٴĴۡ
̰ߵͷ­ܿͱϳͷֵİջҺܿͣϢʿɫȴ쳣ѿǺϡ
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л˵첻ڴ޳ˮˣϻϴ»Ѳˮеά޹ǸëʮǮǰϴ»ǸӶŵͷͳҪʮ˵ҪȸǮʱһڼңΪ˰ȫͰǮˣҲάˣԼֲŪŪûŪãǶ£ֻҶޣ޲һˮô[ī]


45 
Ӯȥǿ˱ѩѹķ,ھһƬ档
޼ҿɹĳڼ©ĲƤͷҲ촽ࡣ
ϰǳ,ûū
ͳ,ūҪ,ٰʮһ
ĳʬ嶼Ǳûѩ񣬸˵ūˡ
Ӯܷŭ,ǳŭֱѪ̰ߵļңǮƺʳֵָĳ
Ұ̰ߵլԺΪʱ޼ҿɹĳиڷ絲ѩĵطǵķ޺֮ǻؼҡ
̰ߵǺŮŮҿߡ
.
ǻӮһֱãҲûôԡ
ŮΪԼϴˮſԡͰزŪˮ档
ͷϸ鷢˿ˮʪճڲӺͼͷط
һļˮ͸һ㵭ķɫ
ָһûһµĵˮ,ŵĲƳԺӹĶǽǿһźݵʱͨ˵ݽ档
洫ѹ,ϴöûľ͹
֪Ӯ鲻á
οԡͰݳǸеָ̽ˮ棬ˮ,ˣ
ָջأʪָԡͰߵĲ,们㽫ס
ֻӮ¶ѩ׼ͷͣ˲Ϣܿƿ
𡣡ӮҲû˼ģװ۵ֱԵ°ʹ
鲻ãҲΪԼ޴Դơ
ٶЩʿ͸·ߵӲһ̤ǵĻǲʹֻҪһ뵽Ǹ߸ϵҾͷġ
΢ָⴥ̫ѨΪ͵Ķǣƣۺơ
÷ɢֱӾ˽ӮıǻЩľס䣬ԼԴȥ˵Ŀиôװ
ͨڣ⼡͸ů㣬ܺţ񫡣
ĺǶ򰡡ʮƵ淢ɧƵġ
ϸ΢˹Ķ䣬ܸܵ΢һȦһȦģС۷ˡ
·ö࣬»㣬ҲֵסӮȵϢ͸ֱϡ
ָỬ뷢䡣
Ѿĺܺˡ
δֱӶʿ嶯֣ȴվʿΪ֣ûϡ
ɣԼƻˡջ䣬Դȳ
ȱӮˣͷҲι̣ɶҪ䡣
˳ƽסĳûˮմʪ
ɢһЩӮɵ󿿣󲱾ģмźһ㷢˿
ԭ*ͺͷʿĽһץһѣֺܡ
ͷͫӳⰲӢʹëСǰ㡣
һЩʱ϶ۡ
ڹʿƺ͵Ѷľƣˣ⵱ʱĴѡ
ȦԮ廹ҪͲкҪϧٵԼܻһˣܶûôǿ־ܳȥ
ŻʱڴϣŵﱻĶʹˡ
촽˶ͷһᣬȦҲźˡ
ɿ֣ӮĳӾ˳ǰ˳ķ˿аһӹģ΢Ƿɨĵ·Ҳɨαװļǿ
ۡ
ӲǱһ¶ľִꡣ
۰ҫѹϣͣҺۣǴδ˹۲ۡ
ҡҷӰͶ䵽ϡ
һӮԡͰվˮѩ׵ļ䡣
ԡͰŲűĵ棬˼ȹסԼϵţδɵˮƤжҡڣѩ׵֦͸޵Ĺˡ
ȶ׵ǰչϥϵ֣һԲָͷ
ȹ̿󣬺ڳһڷ˳ɢ䣬ůɫĲԱȳĸͦβ͸Щ⣬ܸ߶ˣַ糾ӹ׵ġ
أ߾Ϊ㲻ô۵ģ̇Ϊᣬָѹ΢ۿβٴι顣
ⴹСƵĽë£ϸ΢ĲҪߵġ
µʵ
᲻ˣߡ
һסͣ˫շ죬֪ǿ޵Ļߵġ
֪ҵġ˵ڣҵĿģûɲŲ׷ߡ
˰ôһӮֿʼЦ
Ϊҵţһӡ
Ǯ
һëΡ
ŶҸѹեͶӮſϣ΢Ҳǿܽܡ
֦ϥͷ⸻еԣԡ㣬ֻԼƤ̣˫ȲԾ£ҷɣ¿
·á
ŽӮȥϣļѸջء
Ӯ̫קק
Щ䣬ȥ»˼ѣʪ͸С´ϡ
תγȥˡ
ͷһ壬Ӯδдɷùŵϣű޸ģдƽĵ궯
Ӯͷ߽˳Ƴµֽţҹˣ߲дֿ鶼۾дˣд
æҹûеĹŴ۾ҪϹˡ
ֿ࣬ɲܡ
֮Ӯϵĵͺ÷㽻һ飬Ӯʲô᲻Ծĸ׽ż¶¶ȹⶺˣɴƻ֣ϸ
ý㿴ͻȻǼⶼ䵽ˡ
ͻȻŴԼǰ˵İͣʲô
Ҽұ˺Ŀ
ɫ죬ֲС
ҲعζˣʱӮʱʱ˵ЩĻڵϷ
ģǰһܴʮ
ԼȭͷʾԼǿٹϷһԿ
ӮȻǰȷʵԼǴ򲻹ģݵĵϸָճȭҲûжһ¾ܰס
Ҽұ͹ġ
ܿ죬ʹԼȭͷյ֣ˣå
С־ˣåͻȻָôأǣôҪûζҲһоǿĳǡ
޲ԼĶ䣬ԻԻ濴Ӯˣû뵽˵ıô
Ҫ˵ˡҪˣ̣β͸Щʪ󣬿ȥ˺뱧ۡ
ʲôоûʹ
˵طȥˣĸСūߡ
ˡӲ
ûϵ䡣
Ӯһֹֻסĺףһֻѹηϡ
ĴƬ̣漴ȥ
ֻһ£ƿͿڵȴӦ
𣿡ʡ
۽ë˲ڶӲϣһƬհףʲôˡ
ߴӮĵЦ̴ܶ٣СƵģϴͱůʪĿڡ
ܻڵȴҲ̽
ȫ˵һ֪ԼΪļιԭô׾ӣǹĿŵ
մóİһ
-----------------------
л˵ƻӭһؼҵķʽҳӸյɽ£ѾɱβҡˮһȻ³˾ͷҡĹצȥĸӣ


46 
촽,Ӯԣ˱᲻÷ſ
֪ԼѾֱ̫ˣĸֱŮסһŮ˵ĺȻ׷˼ҵ촽Ҫ,һ˼ҵ촽,˱һ
,ͺ𡣡
Ҳܷ˼پơ
,쵽ѪѪںڷ¡
ӵѩøʯһˡ
֪˵ʲôҲ֪ôӦֻܱӮ
ܾڴӮܸһ
һֱиڴӮģô˻Ͽ£
ҪôȽãȻ΢΢۴ѴԵĿԼܡ
ͻȻʪӮµ۽޼־ҵĲ˼£ţ
ִиôأ,ȵģҲʪʪģġ
壿С
оǻжҪŷ,ģڿɡ
΢ͷԼ߰ȫƾܵڼǡ
ĿҲֻһˡ
ͷû,ź񫣬Բ,׷׷ĺǣ׷޴ء
ԺиԵһֱڽҵҵģҵģ˭졣
ֻӺ»ץס󲱾࣬ٻߣĴָһһµŶλãʱʱ߾Ķ
ѩ׵쾱ܶ໨
ⷽǸ㲻ģЩֻбܵʩ档
뵽ӮķöԷԼ壬֪Է֮Ҳ֪ô죬ֻ֮ȻѹӮΪʲôԼûȤͬʱֱԼĻΪסһ˾¼ϧ岩ȡ̫ˡ
ץסλûʧҪƽܵˡ
ʼ׾ĻӦͬʱӮϲʲôģָθһ
ѵѣϱ
ϲֻҪһ뵽ӻӵϣܿƤ̲ס
ٱԴӮǱġ
ĵطʼ̣ȫϣ󻹱ӮС
Ӯָĥڲ̲࣬ס

Ǻǳıͱסû
ʵӮҲûо飬Ϣըִһˢн̡̳
ʱҲǹģͿҳƹһƵȥۣȻͱݼסˡ
ΪǾϲãʼʹƵϿܶ˫ŮףУҲûҪ˽˼û뵽ó
ûһԼڸŮǣͷһ˲ʱ·𶼾ֹˡ
ôϸСë׶ɼ
ǼƵϢĸйҲ֮Ŵ
ǳǳı͸ĤģԺ˲ͷѳɡ
СħŸʲô֣·Сأ
СʹֱŮôܸ£̫ˡ
Сħʲôǣ
СʹȷҪһֺô죿ͷǰɡ
ͷǰɣͷǰɡ
Сʹħ䣬ͣԺ
ָͣ촦֣Ӳ˻
Ĵֿԭķɫ˱ˣ黹΢΢ЩףӯΣˮĹ
ĴǻҲζĸоҲδһ´ŵĻͻһԺ
ɵʹüۿϵ⣬ġŸӵԼ˵ĵӿʧΪʲôȷҲܰûڣȻʧƷ˫ζ
ۣû۵ǻʧ䡣
Լǡ´ӮҪôӦ
ӮſԼղܵˣӮָⴥˣֻһ¡
УΪʲôҪ
ʣɾ𣿿˱δ
û
Ҳˣϵ˰֤̾
ǲң̧ͷĶᵽɤۡ
ӮھԼֱֱ䲻˵˰졣

ûҪҡޣֵܿͷָͷ֪롣
ϴΪСūͻȻƿӮζû˽ţӮͣˡ
ӮŷӦҪָʲôķСħʹС˶Ѹͳɳžˣצɸã͵˻֪ԣȥȥ
һƽСħķɣԼ״̬
Ĵָձ׵΢׵Ĵ飬ָƵϸ΢ֲڽĥøˡ
ôɵıױ˶ϵġ
ͬȪˮͬ/סŵᣬ΢̾䶼κۡ
ɵﰡô׷½䱸ҪԼȫȥΣյİ˵һҲǸĺڵĻء
ίĺһʧ䵽ȦˣŲԼĴ
ҪΪʲô
ˣСƢˣӮЦɵֿɰн㡣
ֺۣ߳ܵͷٵأζвڡ
Ը⣿ӮЦĸ˫綼ڶҾǱ󰡡
Ҵ˺ö꣬нӦõġ
ƾϻֱӺȫ裬ǰԳƾϣʱԺȫֻʱҪ㡣
˫·֬ɫӺһĵ˽㡣
Ըģ͵Ĵ
еӮĶˣһڣԣ
ͷð̣ﲻ̧ͷ˺һϵȥ
ƴڻµڹȥһֽ
ݳȾ͹ġ
ּʲݣīǽдġ
ᵽڼ֮ٻߣ䶼Ϊ֮𾪣Ϣܿʹ顣
ΪͼڣҲܳߣ𣬲ɱ
Ӻʵϻȥճ̼ȴȶҪ֣˭һμڿն𶼻𾪣СҪֱڵϡ
ָֽӮüȸ̨ЩʧĳԱݳȾϵ
ԭʵͦʧܵģԼĴ¶֯ԱֲͬʧӰ١
ݳȾӺǸǵľõԶĻҪ
˵Ϊ£ȴĻ
ô죬еСԴء
֪ϢҪ֪ģֱӸͣ͵Դϥϣ񱻴˵Ĵ̳ӣð
ԥ£ǽָķ˿ָ⴩ڷΪĦһġ
н㡣ղŶ˵˵ģתͷͲˡ

㡣ֺˣᡣ
Ӯܿĵϥϻȥ֮ӦôϷˡ
ָ΢٣ʱ˵
ϷҪǶӮһΡ
Сūϻ˯
ĸŵġ
ҪѺüΣ˿ޣҪ̣ŪҲҪȻҲޣӮ˯á
ûʲôЪЪҲܻӮ࣬ʱȦڵĶܸ׻ˡ
˯
һֳϥ䣬һ§֫ɽ˺ᱧ
˵࣬ƮƮû
̫ˣôⰡ
бŷóԵģʳҲСΪּôݣǶСϸֱ۾ܻ
һմԾŲȥ⿪£ᱡϸС£ůƵɫ΢¶ǶһĨɫ
Ӯֽ˵·ߵļϣһ͸ӻ谵
һ˶κˡ
⣬Ⱥ°Ͳ䷢һͷϵһںҰ
̫ˡ
䣬СϵζʣԼȫԽԽ
ҳԷˡ
ʲôûٳԣǲ⣬СūʱҲûҲݣҲ
ΪȲаɣվҲزǰˣͨ˵ﲻҲֻС
ſӮ˼롣
ӮҲԳ

СӦøպһְסɣ
-----------------------
л˵ֺâʺϷڼﵱ޹ãൽ϶û˳ԣǾﾡÿ˳үһ裬ϻشƺ껨˴󲻾֮үĪ֣Ҫҷưٹȣ


47 
պϸܵ,¯ϵء
ڼʿŮӺ,ÿ,顣
ĸ׷ǰ,Ϊƿţӳ,ů紺
ĸ׻ңߣѶδ¡
ڷɸ٣׺񣬲һĶ߶¶
Ůݣ
òʶ£һˣ翴
Ϸǿռͻ,Ҳ޴ֻ࣬ϲأв֮ѡ
СĿȾҲʶü,Ŀ˳ſȥƶСīǺϣΪס
Ůͬȥ½ŵһߡ
ûзԼͬȥᣬŮ
ΪճŮ,±Լ²ܣ궼ʮˡ
еʿӵ벻,ƽʱҲٽʫֵͷŵĶֱӾܾˡ
ͬŮཻǿģΨͶ࣬Ϊͬ
ĸ׵ѯʣҲ󷽳ϡ
²δ𱸣ûֹŮͬֻѣΪС
ϸƣ̶ĳ㱻Ϊˣʿ֮û𣬿Ҿڱ䷨ϱضӣֻҪʿΧˣϺϾԳŲס΢ҪϣȨ£̶δؾͲϼҡ
ƵװףҲ
»û𱸣ĸŮ侲ƵĿ£ǰϹǸ˵䳤ࡣ
ΪԵһԡ

Ů࣬ȴ䡣
ŮҲǺˡԼк֪
Ե
ƹȥһյţǴӱ߾ģܶ۾ڶŹǳǺμǣܽڵҲб¡
ūΪ񣿡һĿʮУȡ
Ӻܴ󡣡
ָӮ¼ɵͬʱֺ壬ǰӮֻ޴
ϻ˵ȶûгִģңʹҲܿͻᱻƽϢûٵȮֶѪûںˣٲɧű
ţĸײûдӦ
Ӯֲֿ̰Ϊɴ˺ϵһ֧ףֽǸ´ļҳˣլΪ޼ҿɹĳʱƲҲַο
ڳǳ࣬Ҳʿ岻ϸŭա
ǰҹĸף֣ŵ࣬ĸ׶ûдӦ
ֲǺ¡⵹ûԣԼġ
Ӯڱ䷨ԷµʿִӲϾǰ֮֮ԻܱQֻӮûҪ֡
ܾ֮Ӯ϶жһȫԺϣҲпֱӳʿģʱվѰ·
û취˲̽Ӯĵߡ
ǧĺ֣꣬ǡ
κأʡ
κŮҲˣֻ˴ǣʮѿ
мʫʵ棬£ЩŮҪʫʡ
쾴ӱ߾ƾͳײͬˡ
ܴϻۣһͨκѾֵĸ׷ˡ
ᵽණǡΡЩӺδУĸף
شΣΰͶҪܱ֮ԣΪʢΡ
δֲڣֻϸιʿ壬󲿷ֻǳԵĴΣᵽľϸְף̶Ӵκ
Գ̶ӣǳ֮ͽǼҶٳǾˣ۸˺üԹʿ嶼ֵסջǳһΡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪߣԹʿҲűӸǮˡ
֮Ϻϵ̶ܴӳܶ󲿷ֶǳǺμǣҲһִӺ˹
̶ӸҲ⣬߲֮ܣʱֻҪӻ߽ңһɲա
ǳǺμǵĽͨӺǳҲ½½ýңɻҶˣڽĹ̶ӲգͨҲãҪôﻻҪôýҡ
л˵̶صİһɫҰ˸ǰŹĴڶ̶öƷˣμǵ̷۵İӦúҰݸйأֻǵرʮɭϣ˺ѻȥ̽ࡣ
ѷ˶ΣŵռҲΪˡ
һĻһСκͰǣҲóˡ
һ龫ηУֳ֮˰ǣ۾ˡ
𣡸һ
ͬʱҲӮΪβӺЩ⣬Ӻ̷඼ϺϵӸռˣƷʳ巻ڳ˶¶ѾʿĸǾκͰǻӺʿضǽ
ҲɴƶϣӮδȫ׼ʿԿ
ôһգϸѡ
ĸ׵̾Ϣûиָ
ĸ׹ռҲǸ¶˵˵ԼĹ۵㣺ĸףƺų٣Ƽ볯Էߣ϶ϲϲʵߡ
ţ
ŮżȻ֪·ΪƸѧʵʦҵͻȻᡭ
ĸŮͬ̾׹Ȼԭˡ
ϲܳߣƾӱҲΪϵһ·αͬǱΪ飬ԾĹ
ϱҲƸ¸ҵ
һ̳ͬΣ˳̽ѧʣʱҲá
.
ԭأ䣬һϡ
ܱ߶Сū˵ĹƬȺˣȦлū
ūԶţֻ˴ǿ׳ūؼҡ
ԭŮʮ׺еıӲ֪ˣѪȾɫѾϴˡ
Ȯٹ̶ӣΪҲͬūû̶ӽԭūͻͶȥ
ԭǮ˶࣬ūܸ߼ǣڲԭֻܸȮֻͷͷţһ㶼㡣
̶֧࣬лͷӦòС̸һʴ
̶ӽס˼񣬻ɻţȥǸԭŮ̸ȥˣôĻūţ
ҩˣץѸɲݵŽȡɬðںҩ֭
ԭûþϱѩ̶ӱ˴ѩ棬Ϊ˾ˣϵİӶѩ͸ˣҹ˸ȡ
ҺҽС
纽ҩ˽ϣҩˮƷڣޱȣ⣬ŹζܿҰǳѪݣҪһ̾͸ˡ
ҩˡ
Щ춼չȻҲòô죬ǰǵ㲻ܿͱԺ
ɬҩ֭Ⱦüͷ
纴ĺɰͳһ۽ͣ˿˿ģȥ
μƳ˰ǣʳˡ
۽ʲô
յ߾˵ȮֵĴСڧòɿūĽ紦˲ţūȥҪ⳥ˡ
᲻͵ȫ뿪
ǵĿҲֻҪЩţܻ򻻣˾ͻë
յýˣŵϵζ㼷ȥˣ
θЩ˻Ҫȵ̲衣
ҶһٷŵǾͺܺúȣ֪𣬾޵õģǲˣӦöಹ
ڱ˵ĵϣҲûн̸̫ࡣ
ӺܿʹǸԭŮ˵ˣɫ̫á
ӭȥ˳
Ů˵ǰʱһūʣЩѾˣûūҪȼ죬˻ͻµū
һǽڣȦźܶū*
纳ǵĻˣ˺ͻ⡣
Щ̶ԭᱻõĻܲҪ˿ߣþͻΪū򷽱Ʒȴס
ûҶ֣ҲǼɵлȻǵһ
˻бˣȥ̸ǲϻǾߡ
Ҫǲߣ
ǸŮץ
纵۵ͷ˿ϻвƣģôľҪôȥ
-----------------------
л˵ţд̫ˣôôִƺ껨ңȥ


48 
ũ³,Ƚڣˮʫ
Ϊ,Ƚ޹ҩԡ,Ҳƴԡ,ֶꡣ
ŮΪմԡҩݣŨŨһ,ͭӵԡͰжˮ޹
֮˲ڣŮͭ뿪ȹڻζ䶼ް
׸󻹷һľ裬ǸСū׼ģҲҪԡĸڸϴ
ӮƵԡ棬뺰Ůźԡȴ˵á
Լͺá
֮ҽҩ,ӮҲʱʱΪĦ˫ȱǰоˣԼܲܳվ
ӮԿŬ˼ζվ,ܣֵˤͽԡͰ
ԡ½ˮͻϣӼ羱¹ճƫݵǰֵ֮,ֺܵķ˿Ưˮϣܿͱѹ½ˮУõǰסֵķۺˡ
һ,ԡͰһߣͷûҿӮ¶ĶҲˡ
ӮڸɵţǿԼߴƬ˺͵ʲôϴҳȥˣ½ңҾ档
Լٴȥ¡
šܵͣԡҵϣһȥ
ˮĽŵˣŵץסͰء
һִֻӺסײԡͰס塣
һˣ㡣
ϴ裬ʲôµģ׶׹ˣϻ§˯¹ԡ
ӮԼϴԣȻѵ·ֻһС¡
̧ȿԡͰΪԼԳֱӰѳ/§Լϣҩˮͷ
羱¶ıóѵǳЦǹˤġ
ԺҪӮһϴ裬ҪŮź
ˮе̡ſӮͷһӮĶ䣬װǹġ
Ӯ̣ðϴˮҩ㣬ȷʵе̣̣ԼҲ̣ﶼԾ
ȻҲǹģѾüˣٳٶҲƷζˣڹøõİ취ڹ
սɱӢˬĴ󽫾Ļֿɰһ취ûУ᲻þֲܾȫ˽˵
ıĳʵзӦˣǿҵķӦָĺ󱳡
ˮŵƤֻ֡
һͲˡ˵ѾҧĶҲ̵úܣһ
ɵˣĻԼֲ˼Ƥѧ˹Ŷ
ģͣʣǼűǼ⣬ü۴Ц
ⴹߣ糺죬㻹ʡ
ôҪ㣿̧ͷСɵϡ
ⲻ⣬ϵͷԼѩ͵Ӯߡ
ϸ꣬ᣬϡ
ĸоȫָͷ֧
Ӯסĺ󾱣ڼϣŴӼ͸㣬ռһ¾ԣó˯Сħѣ󣬲צʾȨ
ģģ
ԭƾʲôˣƾʲôƯ˺ۣ˵ԭɢʱڶԶز
еһ˿ʹü΢
ôڿҧԼʲôء
뽫ӮԴӮȴйƵñĥ˼ǿƤ⡣
ҵģǶӮ졣
£ȶ˵һ룬֪Ӯ˵˭
Ҳϲ˵
Ա֮ǣÿαϴԼˮҪϴƤһҲǾòɾ
ӮҲƽһԼ궯顣
Żˣ֪ԼĶˣ޷ܾĶ
Լ˱ĵطǵĺۣѩ֮ϣۡ
üԼĽ⣬ͷ
ȴ۵㣬ίҧҡ
ӮĲûſôҪܾ
ӮչȥЦ͵͵ģ㻹

ӮвУ㰮
ϲ
Ӯߵʹ¶ļͲˮµİ֦⣬һоڲС
һֻ־ܰס˰ɣ۾ǳߣӦò
ͨ죬ҧ˱ȥţζӮĶ£⣬ξΣҲ˵һ֡
Ӯȱˮڸɣͣ촽ִϣСħСʹڸս
ȻСħҪʤˣ޷ϵĿͳ嶯Դ죬Ҫ벻Ҫ
׼
ûȵһʧʲôʱ򣿸һʱ䡣
ˡ
Ӯʿˮŵ֮𣿡
Ҫʱ׼ֱʮ꣬ͻȻһܲˡ
ʱ䣬ãҵ㡣
ӮһͬʱЩ䣬ǡ
ӦӦ𣿡ͬ⡣
ţ۵Ĵסֻüģı
ķΧǹ̵ġ
.
գڳˮ֣ŮʢװϯȹƼ䶼ǻЦ
ᶨڽǱĲãʱ棬ʢһҲӦǾ䡮֮زز仪
աաա
ӺʿŮҲˣǵȵľǽգϵ׽ͬΡ
һ֦ҵֽעĿ
ǰȥʫʶֻǰ䣬ֽ㽫ĶȫˣʫҲС
ôʫδʣʫ踳Ҳܲ˸ҵԼϲģŮǾֽ㲻Ը֣뿴ҪڽţԹԡ
Ǳ·˴ųϯˮһᣬǶסЦȥ棬ֶǱ˶࣬տЩСã֣ҲСЩǰղ˴꣬ʪˤӡ
СṴֽ̰֣̊ϵʫʣǹȻҲȴأֻȥǾл
ʫʳټͣرӰģҲвϲģ˿棬˭дҲãҲգ۾ǲۣǿǵͷȥϲɡ
·˶ʫʸ踳Ȥֻϲ̴򽻵ҪеŮᣬڼǮ
ϵ̿һһң̶ӴһһĲʱǲõĶ
ˮЩҲʵཻǴĿģ룬ЦصӦۡ
ԹЩһһޣȴʡ͵ĵƣﻰС;ϣлжŮû˼ҡ
Ҳֻйҳĳ·
ǳĹĸԼķأӲҪ¼޸һСʿĵմӡ
ӽȨƷɻڴʸ֮ͶΪ䵭ĸԸޣһŽ˵ˣֻŮߡ
ڶ˹ŮΪ֮ȵĳͳԳķأĲҵ
嵽Ӻ֮Ȱݷõľ·ˣһĳ
ҲΪģֻ·ֽνǿ
һʣ̸
ӺΪ⣬ЩʪɵĶûȤ
ٰ֮·һûһ죬ַ˷ͳʫʸ踳
ͻȻָƪåЦǲӦд۴
ҳˣȻҲǡ
һЦֵùɽµһ
·˴չȥдЦã˭дģ
˽ղ֣廷ܣֻнķ㡣
ĳӮӦȱϯŶԡ
·Ҳܸ׼˵ģСūֲֹĸκ嶼ûãСº庢ӣӮ᲻С࣬Ҳڹˣ֪
̸λһڣˡ
Ҳǳ壬ǳǸŮ
ĴŮƣӺ濴Ϊǳ
ͽʫʳ֮ҲȸŮŮͷڿҲ⣬һֱڸ·˵ЦŮźҲ̫ˡ
µߣ߲tһۡ
ѩɣ֮˽һȥ
»Ƭ̣ǰһţֽĴʾݡ
ӣң٣ۿ֬㡣
ҹϵǳڳ¼޲ãұ㲻Ӱ
ŵ棬෹̸ʰˡ
Ů֣ҧҵҪñ֪һкܴ鷳ͲʵЩŮ
Ůĳ˿ûǸ⣬ʫʸȻ˸ʹϯ֮󼪡
ݳȾҲˣԼһϹ䣬Ⱥɢȥǰ¼ֽʫʡ
ϲЩֻǳ΢ʱûлʶ֡
ȸ̨˽ʶĶ֣ȭŹ򣬻
ƫĵҪʦȥ
Ϊ˲óĹŮϳݣɫƽƽע⡣
ʼһҲͦãûþи˸棬ĸģ˦˦
ѵĵʶ˲ԾߵƫƧı̵们䵽ģס׼ȡ߸ٿĹ
Ϣ̴̵̳
в˵ȥ漴סһǿƻر
֮ɱܿٽѹʯ֮䡣
ľϤڶ
ֹˣ
-----------------------
л˵Ҽҵˮൽˣ˭ԣ۸ֱˣ˶׬˹ҶùˣҰʱժȥûʱ˵ˣ֮ǰ֦Ҳû׬٣ĸҪԼժôֵĶֵǮΣǰֵǮͨҲûм۸ˣϡȱ۵ǺǲŪ


49 
ݳȾð亹,ָҲڲ
־һĵӿؿڴʹ
ʯͫٿطŴ󣬶,ǰ,˲ת,ǻײ·Ҫ߹,Ҫɤܳɺɬ޷ʣһʧѾһѾѴˡ
ʧȥҲʧȥ̺Ĵ΢΢ţݹ

Ժըһ͸Ĺ衣
תŽӲĲӣѹסԼˣİһ,˫׵۾جΣϤ˶
ѵһ,̵Ƶϡ
˫֧Ųס壬Ҳ»
һֻס§ȵĴķۡ
ԵǹӵأⶥݳȾյ,סĴɵ೤ֱ롣
ڵ֭ŪˮӶݳȾʣ޼ϡ
̿ˮۿ,ǿû¡
͵ԼǱҧˣûʲô˵ģܿޣʲôÿ޵ġ
ǡ
֭гһ˿ɬ׺ݵͣһ˲Ϊϸꡣ
κδݳȾ˵ǿ̡
̷类˪˵СҰݣ·Ĳš
ơˡöġָʪǣĴָزŪ´ϸʱķƽϵȴһأֱ촽ʹѪζǻ嶶øڷƮҡ
ͷԼҧ˵Ĵ˭Щ£ҾͶ˭
Ż뻤Ǻľƹ·ͻȻײɵο͡ͿķεĶĹĲָɾ䣬ǰݳȾйӴھȵַ/ˣȥķ⣬Уҹԡ
ݳȾɫҰף嶶
ηĸӮţҪȡĹ˳ڳǰһֻûзȣżͼԼ
ˣʡ
ݳȾݴܣ˼ζֻ᲻ŪݹںڵҩˮƤϣһĸ۹Ƶģѿˡ
üͷһ壬ͳϸãһŽҩˮɾ
¶ݳȾԭò֬ˮ۵˺־δ۵ʧȾβͱͷ񼦵һ֬͸죬ϸỬ
סݳȾ°ָͣ֬ϸ˵Ժˡ
ݳȾϣߵӣڳˢ
Ƿʰ۵׻Σյİɫ
ݳȾ͵һڻᡣ
Ӯдʫʵ˭ԭƺǲٳͷ
ݳȾշȥΪ־ʧȥΪ־ļͻȻȴɤƵɳޱȣֻһһֵðҡҲ֪
Ҹӣ˫۾ܿ£ƽ޲ȴɱˡ
ӮܽԺסֻǷǰڸԻˣǰʱǵĴ̿;֪˭ģѪûڣ˶ɱˣʬڹſڷһһҹԱ߻˸дǴ̿ͣǵİնۿˡ
أʡ
ݳȾµȥġ
㶼ѪԺ棬Ҳ©̽Ϣ
Ӻںܶ۾Ϊֹû˽ȥ
Ҳ֪ŻǲţֱݳȾ۵ϲ⣿
ûУ
ʸڷóøΣգҪܷ
ӹݳȾͷһҶۣھƮҡ
ʯڱ֣ŮǵĻЦһƮ˽
һϺһͬѣƬϡ
ǵأͷųգϱ߷ɻȸߴߴ
ʲôʱҲڣȥľȥġ
ʪ⸲ͷʹҲ֮ӣӳͫ׵Ƴ˻ҽ
Ҿ֮ʣͻȻſɢá
Ծû
ӹһٶѣ´ξûôˡ
ݳȾĴɫΪ죬ѪڴǱ顢ֻ̲ס뽫˺顢/
ûùݳȾҲΪǵòԵУ뱣뽫ֽס۶ԶںΪɣݱ졣
ڻӮԶ㡣С˿ȸ
ĴָһѹסʺӶݳȾĺܿɫǺ죬Ƶ
ҲˣڳجҲͽˣ÷ɳսָɣ˾͸ɾˣ˾ͽˣˡ
ˣζȺëΪԼҪʱ򣬳ϸϸĦĲ
ˣȷŹ㣬Ժ
űԼָӡĵطҲ۵ģС˿ȸ̫Ұˣһ㶼ǹŻҪ֣᲻ˡ
ݳȾԼһϡóɱ
ﴫҵĽŲ˺ܶ࣬ͬһϡ
ɿ˫۶ˣתʧڴɨĻС
Ŀʯϡ
˼£־廹δȫˣȴҪǿװ򶨵վҵͷóСͭҩˮѩ֬һĨһòͱˡ
ҩˮƿѾˣֶղųվĵطĲ˺üţӲ񫲻ٺݺݲȣЩĴȳһǳӣ¿ˮ˺üĻ̧Ĩ촽׹ĵطࡣ
˵һܰͱɱˡ
еıƶйȥ뿪Ƕ֪Ӯˡ
ʿᣬж˿Цھж˱
ΪķˣǽӮĳֽķΧ/
ϸĵѾˣ֦ϵֽ㲢ûȫʫдϣ½ȥʫʴԼٶף֦ϵĻһ٣ʣµĶٶ˭ϣѾˣӮûȫҪ֪ߵʫʾֻˡ
ҲûдҲͦãǳԺһɽռ˼ԭ䣬£ԺЩڶ޲ߣô˶ųŪǻĹҲס
ӮƵ·ߣΪˣɢء
˵Ц˺ֶ࣬վˣôɢҪžٰüղŰգûЩѾͤĥűôء
ˮϵķ˹ŮӮǹˡ
ˡ⣬ޣͷ´һ
ճׯأӮһ۲£ͷζʯΪĽ𡢲ʱ顣
ǽϵص㣬ڵǹˣݸʽҲӦװ硣
ĺƻҲǳеûбȳźÿˡ
ûм壬ȴλĴ¼Сʿӣ檾ĴŸ˺档
˵˼仰˵ϲҲ̸ᡣ
̶أûãѯ·ˡ
·Ǳһָ˳ſȥ̱һȺŮΧм֮˵˵ЦЦ
ҵķ˺͹඼ˣûˡ
ˮƼȣҲøҷ˿ۣ˵˴ֱɲ֪ŵĻ
˿档
Ӯбα첲ȥ䴹䣬Ʊһɷŵ
ˮ˳۵СµĲȴϲԵģִӼеƵǰ
ͷִ꽫У΢䣬ֽź·˵
ôõĴƣЩīŪҲ˵ȥ
Ӯ˽ͤдʫʶҳ
ˮƽߵͣǧ
ŮҲԾԾԣдԼģԼĲãд˺
Сקק̵䣬һĺ㣬ôȥд
ԭҲǼȺУ֪ԱߺʱκŮһۡ
С̹
ûκŮȹϡ
֪ǹ˵ã֪ĲΣ˱׷ߡ
ǰֽʣֽϣ˼Ƭ̣ʼֽдһСƪġ
ǰЩϸƪͤ򡷣иУٽϽĸдƪģǲͤȣȴҲˡ
ϰ鷨ǼдõģҲô
ո¶ͷǣδؾҪʫԣֱʷȻṹ£ԳһɣҲܶɧ
֣ĸҳȥ־̾
̴󷽽ҲĳԼó࣬׳֮ôҼЦˡ
ɫǣסСõ뿪һŵıӰ
ص·ߣһֱŵ̲¶ŮĽߣ㡭
Լŵӿ϶㿴ˣѽöˡ
Сͷдĺܺãò˼
͸СС˵㳤㣬һ֡
ˮеĵģǹǸ˷ĳģ״һִ𣬳Ӯ⣬˶ǵһγԡ
СֺԲ˵˵ݻţٳʳ
ڵ̷ûаǣ˿˿ĵȴ࣬СòúܣżʹӳȥԻŻͣ졣
С첻⡣
СѣġӮ־ͰСùˡ
СգŴ۾˫ֽӹһСսССܻġ
֣ͷԼ˭ˡ
ӮԴϡ
ȰᣬΪβʫʶóһһ룬ʵθڡ
飬ҲܲӮһ
ӮһЦͷϷں棬ʲô
ܿ죬¾ȳ¼õִͤϡ
ĵɰٴʱоԣִ統ͷһֱӽ˴ԭأĿɿڴ⡣
⣿
䵱ж𺳣ЩҲһ
ڼĲȻΪֱߣɽ˵īȴ磬ȣǲŴֱɡ
վͤϵҲܼµڲ˫۳졣
Щ˼ǰܿͷҲֻɢɢ
ʲô˼ֲһ룿
ͶĲӮ
涼ڽ⣬ֻй֮ʸ֮»ٰһѡοԣ漮ŵڲŮв߽Կɲμӣѡ߿ɽ⾡飬볯Ϊıҫ鹡
ֳһƬȻ
г£ɫãǺţû뵽Ӯᵱ
˶ڿţžҪѪҲһʹͣǵôʿ棬Ǵɣ
͵ؿ£ѹô֪˰ɣ
ֻԼ׵̫
˵ʲô˵ʲô֮ϵĵλҲˮǴߣʿ嶼ܰѴֱߵͷΣҪñ˿ЦǽʿӵȣƴҲѵֵʿΧˡ
Ӯתͷȥ໹òǿջЦܺá
һЦյ˵ǰ۸ˣһˡ
--*---------------------
л˵һƪԤġڸҽݡһƪдˡ
PSŸɻͻȻ±꣬ܵ÷ɿ죬һصҶܳˣ˵ƶôôҡôܵùȰ첻Ƴ⣬Ȱ㣡


50 
ܶ,ҲΪԼˡ
Ӯ˵ЩʲôǧﶼͷΨнסӮ֡
ദ˽һ,Ӯʲô׵,ôĴָֱ,ۺԼ֪飬ůĴ⽫⻤档
ڽֳΣӼз,ҲԽԽҪ뿪𣿴ǲˣͲˡ
䶼ҪˡȻбֻ˵
Щ˵ɫûһǺÿģֲòǿջЦ˿Ц
ӮĴȦȦЩС棬˲źãʡ¶ˡ
Цֲõ˵ʧֻ,̲ס˲Ц
ʪȵϢӮܣ̧ĺ󱳡
֪·˻ΪŮһǵĿ,Сôˣ
شӺҲǺģǴ˷硣
̧ͷ,۾Цˣϸᣬ·˽ͣͻȻһЦ,Цģͷ˵ĸ
û£·˾ͷˡ
ӮһȫڣʱܶĶǸų󲿷ֶߣϹ»ֻԸʫңڣδؾͿϾλ׳նǲ飬ԺĲ鶼⹫١
𣿡˲ţҪӮһŵ
ӮԷβǽģѣ
ڶߣôԶţ˰
ȻֻҪвܵģͨѡεģ㿴
һԼȳ׷
ã
ŮҲɣʱŮ߳°͸߸̧ҲҪһ𰸡
ӮͷֻƷвѧ
ʿƴ˿ڶ࣬鲼ûĸĳʿȫ˶Լĵ̣ҲкܶвѰߴܵչġ
úϺ˵Ҳ֧ڳȵأΪĶǽ׳󣬰պ͹·Ҫ
Ŷ裬˲ŷġ
һ֮ڴ֮ͥ˵Ļܲջȥ
ҪžٰüգкЩڸ·ϣӮֻǵһ¶棬ûȥˡ
úܣûʱ丽ӹţֻҪĿĴ˾УԼȥȥʵνЩʿҪҲ
ѡҪЩݻû϶ǿʫʸ踳ҪĲ˲š
Ϊͷۣ鷿ĵ伮ֽʾ֭ǰĿƾ£վȰƶѡһЩרҵ˲ţλÿԿţԺ˸ʵ˲ŲȥһȥҪȳ
ʵܵϴλ̫ܶ͸˵ˣ˭ǲݰҲûҪѪ˼ֻǲʿ峤̾ᳯã뼯ȨȨʿϷ֣ʵ
ҷֽʷҲ֪ģֱӾ͵˹ҷѣ⻼δǣջô
Բںʿ֮ôȨ꼰޹վͲˡ
ȷԼֽ׶Ҫʲô˲žͺðˣֽͿͿĸģæҪ˲ͣʣվϵĶһգ׼ɽӳ
ѪңŮŵǰ档
·ѻ˱ĺ棬ˮůѼ֪ϢҰѼȥ
ˮͤſŸˣһϸϸͲŪĺ㡣
ֻλ˺һλСˣſͤϵ˭
¬ľ쳤Ʋϳϣָʹ
òʲôҰ빴ϵС
ݳȾΪȸָ̨ʹ֮ԳƳƽʱҲû鱨ͽģ˴Ӳ¶档
Ӯһ֪ǳ¸˵ģݳȾھȵ¸һֱݳȾΪвΪɱӮ
ԭأӮԼͤ
ݳȾҲûлͷӺǾ͹ȫֻܶ⡣
Ӯõһգû£û¾ͱװŻˡ
СֱӱӽݳȾŭ
ĹݳȾĲϣָɼ
Ӯüë㱻ˣ
㹷²Ҳ֪ΪʲôݳȾÿμܱꡣ
Ҫ³͸Ҹħ׽ˡ
ôžôţ˭ˡݳȾɴһƨ̨ϡ
ĵ¿Ρ
ӮƲ죬ŵŤͷҪߣҲеĲŶһ١
ȥǴݳȾﴫġ
ݳȾΣ£˫ȣŤͷȥһߡ
ҰѼںˮݶһѵǰշСѼӣѼ춼ҳԵĴСѼӳԡ
ݳȾſ˴죬üˣСѼӺܳԣѼӶҪˣûֹͣѰʳ
ԼʱﺢӶ࣬ҲǵڲݸҰˣԼҲҪǳԡ
ʱӺܿ࣬ûôԹ⣬˵Ǵ˼ҲܳԵģһļңˣҲˡ
ûԷ
һеӻקŭԷƨ¡
СѾͷƬƢͦӮó˵ļƣٲú˵Ұӳȥ
ӳȥʲôݳȾһ¾֪
ûԡ
ϡ
СƺӲ֪ѧã˵ôûòһжԭԭס
ЩŮʮ꣬ľʮ/꣬ӮԼǴô࣬չŵҲӦõģƽʱ˰̺Сý棬ЩԼϲ£û˳˵̣ڹĺܿġ
ݳȾʵҲȸ̨дѵʱ꣬ҲǶͣƲֻ࣬ǹŴŮ죬ҪˣŮЩз˵ʵʮͷ·˶ĺ֮ꡣ
ݳȾУֲ̫飬ĥĥ
зۿţҪҪ˳š͵СƺӣͲβ㡣
ꤵݳȾʿˮӲȥİɲԼҪȥ
Ӯܴ˲С˹һĶ
ɣС㡣
ĳӰҰҪһͷҰҰ⡢ҰšҰнӡҰȵȡ
ڴˣĲҲðͷˣкҰ˶ȱķҲڶ˵Ҷˡ
ųһ⣬Ӯǿ塣
Щ޽Ҷ峴«ԣݳȾͷпŹǣֻץŵˣ֭Ϳǣ治ֱӡ
ݳȾͻȻԷܾȡ
ûиˣһԡ
̿СķŹа֮࣬ݳȾĶӡ
СūӤԲĴ۾ڿŹǵƯС̡
ݳȾһŹǲһĨ죬ǽ壬Ҳе㲻˼
㶫ҿԴӦΪ¡ӲǷ顣
ӮûԴ˽˼ǵݳȾԷġ
ԺԾͳ
ŵִҲǸѧѧУúͣԭ
ɱ˭ݳȾֱʣɱˡ
ӮסСūĶ䣬СӤҲ˻ģСƺûš
Ͻ߸ϽߣҹŮ
ݳȾôŮɵƲ̵ֲġ
ܳΪһ˾Ե֣ǲûϵ࣬档
ݳȾŤͷô
׽׷üã
˻ݳȾûߣһӰʿ嶼ˣ㲻ɱǣҲɱ㡣
Ӯ˵Ƿ͵ͬǸʿ̯ˣ˶ҪѡΣԼıǲܹˣ˵ӮõǵԴУ϶ıҪôԸ
ӮҲеҲ㶫
ղ˵Ҫġ
˵
թࡣݳȾҪˣԼǶðĶᡣ
ӮСƺԱʱҲͦ棬ԺҪය
Ҫһݹ̰ܻߵ֤ݣ˭ģֻҪܲ鵽һ顣
ֻһﻹѾ̯ˣѴġ
ݳȾˡ
ҲԺˣŮʳȥϳĽǡ
̷δ۰ǣɹУǻӮ̳ģΪǸʱ༸Сʳ
ʱ˳ԹĶǷۣҰۣҲʱʱеģôĶ˭ˡ
һС齹ǷУЦ
ôŽݳȾԷ˴һʼͲԸ
Ӯһ㺢棬·Сʱһſͤϣ¹µֿģͽˣҪϲԺͲˡ
ҿۡ
ţӦǺȶָ˭˰ɣʱûʵǣû˴ڴ϶á
ҪݳȾ˺ܶ࣬ҿСƺ书ȵ˶ھҲܼһ
ǣ۵һĨ˼
ϰСū˯ţӮϴ¾/
⼸£һֱûжҲûߣƵģҹ˯̤ʵǰŮ§˯Ҳûʲô§ܾﲻԣȻҲų⣬ô˵أӦƲס˷ܣ
Ѿ׼ڴ֮ǰҪȷϡ
ڱĥ˰죬ûҪôڣʹͷһš
ĸģϽ
ҵҲ࣬ͻȻףĸ׶һ
Ӯӱѵ·˰ɣ˭Ů޵ȥ룬Ҳͬ⣬ɻӦã֮ãǷŶ˶ʲôŮʲôˣƷ
ҵŮ޵ϣϵŮ޵ңӦ
⽫ûֲ𿪡
Ȣ̶

ϵճŮ
-----------------------
л˵ˮ˺ö㣬ҰĻóˣը磬껨Ҳԣͻᷢصˣſӵ۰Ͱ͵ҲֿģҲƳһ


51 
ԼܵĳҲµĹ,⵱Ȼϣøһ島Ϲϵ
ǣ̶̸̸
ĸ˵ԽֱӸס
ΪţǵճŮ,Ҫ˷,Ͳ̶޹ȥ
ľ,ǸܹɵĺӣӮʵڲΪĹߡ
Ҳ̫,̶һСô£Լôޡ
ӮĹĵģ˶ҪըˣЩ˰ŮӵƷһȥסֻ棬ЩŮ޹ȥ֮᲻ҸҪ˾˵Ůٻһ޹ȥԼŮĻ͸ɶ
Ȿ鲻,ôһ˵Цˣ¼޵ң
԰,Լ޹Ҳа
⻰ҪǴȥҪ˺㡣
Ŷ߳ŭԼɵƾʲôǿȱ,˫깷α
ӮСһ׵ģǲͬ,ôµһӣϻߵĶڽ󣬱ǸЦͣôܼˣԺô죬ڼһ
Ĳ֨
ڶ̾ͱ˱ֽڹ۳ţ˵ǹߵͣ˾а˰ٸҲֻ˳ݣںֱţ»бʡ
ɽ֮̴ŮԺŶȥǼѡģź̣ʵǼӣ֪ûᣬÿ鱾Ϊ飬˷˼˶кã֪㣬ѵ˾͸Ҵɡ
ɽڣ˱ðȵĲԵĵġ
̿ü˼֪Ϊʲô¡
㡭볤ΪԼġ
ḧõգΪߵ鷢Ը;ܾ˭Ҳܱҵüˡ
ܹĳܡ
Դӳ˹Ѿܾöû׽ˣĲġ
㣬Ըģû˱ȣг㻤ţҲû˸ұҡ
ģǡ
ϵճŮ̶֪ֱδ˵侲ľȻҲ֪ΪҪȢң̶֪㲻Ըҽס̶δ볯ʧ⣬ƱҪѹƾϣҪǵƣ;ϵĴΣˣ̶ۿųվ
ףΪʲôڲͬˣҪų㡣
Ө۽ǻ䣬Ŵ̶ɵ
ҡҡͷ㣬̶ˡ
»δϡ۵
ס֣볤࣬û˫ǰ̹赶ŪǹĺһšͻϣΪǲűģôó
㣬˵Ͻδؾǻ£ʶмڵģҶҲ˽⣬ֱҲΣҲԱֶΣԿġ
Խô˵ԽܣУ̶±˵Ҳͬ⣬϶ԡ
ȴִܹ϶ˣһ˵㣬Ӻƿˡ
ѪлڣӮ̣Ҳǹɵģڶʿ̬ԽԽǿӲȸ̨ҲѾʼжˣǴˣ֪ʱҪѡѡѺӮߣӮϾܸһ¥Ҳ£Ӻ˭׶
Ѿ˭Ȱûá
ͻȥ֮߶ãдһŸ·ˡ
ܿ¾ʹǽ֪
һιӮ鷿̸ҹ
ڶϵƸ̧ң·ֱ̧ȥ̵ԺӣԼ
ЩʱУ˵ҪЦˣ̴һŮޣŮΪ̣ģԱվȽŸ
ҲŮǼҵֶŮ̵ıá
ȥ·˵Ͳٹˣҹн׳ū͵ｫұôߣֵòӣô캰Ҳ޲ȥ·˽ߵŮʹӶˣԺŶȥ
ڶ³ˡ
ۼûˣ¶æ
⻹ǲ̫ģһ棬뾯вԼúõ㡣
ӮҲûţѪ˶ʮֲҶŮǴѪг̵ļױӣΪ̵˽ױϣ䰲ȫ
ױ޼ټֻкܵóŮŮӲУŮֻܴʹӺŮ
Ӯ䷨֮ܿƵס棬¾ͬ⽫ӺıȨҲҪ꼰һ壬Ҫȡ֮Ϊ֮ס
Ӯһﲻ檡
.
︴գٻʢѿѩһҲòˡ
ɽȴ겻ͬٽӺķأﻧǵĲʢ˵Ķͣͭ׵Ѫ͸صķ
д̰֤ȷ䣬дľλջطءظΪ壬ﻧͷֵأﻧɸ֣˰ɹͳһգնΪĶɡ
Ϊʿֵﻧɵ㶵վԭأԼĶ䡣
ҪﻧֵأôܣǲǼʸֵء
Ŵλдλ´λʿз߽ջطأֻоλ޷ԼլƲ乫ѪæŴķЩջصķأԾ콫طָﻧĪҪ˴ʱĥĥ䣬ﻧϽ
ЩҵȻҪȥһ
ﻧеǰ֮ڵϰӡԺ͹ﻧˣ˰ͰĶա
ﻧŵֵĵƶϵģģΪԼΡ
еˣԼĵأԼĵءԼġ
͵ػعﻧץŵܣܱߺеˣеˣ
Щڷ㶵ﻧģ׷ӿǰԼֲء
̰۵֤ݳȾѼȴµģѪӺ໥ϣ߾͵ɱ
ӮȹصĿɱصľиͽˣⶼˣԼǱˣص䣬û
Ӯִ˵˼άûתڴţݲ֣ŻŻͺˣЩ֪ѶˣﲻᣬūȦţЩ߸ϵʿ崹Ƕܡ
¸صϢأӮ˰죬ʼٳ䲻ȥ
̾һʸ鵽ʼϣյʹˡ
վ½ǣõ
صɽӺԹ׸̸߰Сūһӣһ쵱ɵʱ̧̣ŽɽɽҲ
ǻȥϲƣ治֪
ڿ飬һҳѸ̶˶ʮױ͹ˡ
ô˵ӮҲǹȥ˷̶á
ӮҲǷҪ֣Ҫǿ벻ȥ̱ϾãΪǵ²ÿӮﶼôСŮֵزԵܡ
СūС֣ɫġ
⿴Ĭ˻ͺĸȽСūȥ±ӮԼߡ
˳ɵϣ־棬˵Щ𣿡
̣ȢΪޡ
߷ּ١ȻҲǲ̫ŵģ־Ѿѵˡ
Ӯӣͫ￴ССԼͻȻʣأ
һֱһΪȷʲô飬ԭõҲԭ壬ѵľͲ⣿
ϲǾüֵԲš֪Լ뷨ܲأǿƲסĻȥ롣
м棿ʶˣҲûˡ
ⴹ߾ؿƬ̣סϷţؿڡ
֮ܵµûƿҲûиһ
شҡеҪ֪
ⲻֻǳԼ´ľϣǰһƬģʲô壬Ψийٱ޷Ŵ÷㽻Ŵܽıǻ˫ϸ֬
ü٣˫۵ɵԲ
ܿ죬Щϸ뿪Ĵ
ʶҪ׷ҪסռС
ƫʱһָ̧ͷ΢ѹȥ׷ˡ
Щòͻܡ
žָϸϸ٣ٴκϣҵĴ𰸣𣿡
Ȼһѹ£Ӿ¶ЦüۣȻ⣬ϷŪҺ
ѹţһ̧üգ㻹ϡ
˵õ֮Ҫһֱȡ
ڿϻü𣿡Ӯһ־ܹסС֦⡣
⽫´ָϣһҲ˵ֻбſ
ӮҲװ֪ŻƵľ㳶ҿ
ϻһ䣬Խ´³ɫļ͸˷ɫҲûͣ
Ӯװǻ˼ҲˣЦһգͷͺסĴ
-----------------------
л˵Ƿˣⶼϴϴ˯ɣдʲôɾؿɣд¾[]


52 
Ậһ¾ͷſˡ
ľһ,רע
٣ü۵ʼٵԼǹ촽
ԲĴ͸Ľ,ɫ,һ˱Ʒζ
ָͷزŪ¾ͱø,ĴԶҧסֵָͷ
͵Ц,ָͷΪĴָӸ´ͣ°ʹ°̧ٽԼĴȥĴ顣
˲ͨƵĸ֪ȫζҲڿڱ˲ϯԣնǡ
Ĵָɿ°ͼ£Ĺס۰ϸĲܸܵѪѪҺʡ
ھϸܿ͸Ƥ⴫ݡ
Ĵķֿ,˫ͬ콻ԣỺĻա
ڷ˿µĶѪӳӨ͸
һͬЮ,ܲ˵žȻԼĶ
ӮŶͷֵᣬٸһηڵĻᡣ
˫ж,޿ɶ㣬һֻ׵Сᣬ޹ʪ۾
ܿСѵƤΪװͰ͵С,צҰúܡ
ΪԼαװɹղˣ˶ˣԼΪʲôҪ¡
ҲڣҲ㷴ڡŵסӮļ
һӮҲûҪŹֻҪ㲻ڡ
ڡȥ
Ӯȴⲻף㿪ˣյʱִչȥҪס
˵ϲҡӮ
⿪ʼϣߵģ־סЩϸϸԵǣֻЭ
ϲ㡭
ܵͣ˫ˮ⡣
˵Ӯڻḧź󱳣»Ǿ˼ͷ
ϲ㡣ҧŴ˵һ顣
ӮıǼһļھһ㣬˵Ҫס
ıǲࡢǡաüģȻÿߵķ˿ҧסĶ䣬ҪвλԼıǡ
û˵⻰̫߳ˣ˵ڣʪ*⡣
Ӯͣӣ˵Ҫס
µ±͵߬΢΢ſ죬һӷ۱޺죬Ӻһ˵Ҫҡ
˵ҧŴ㵽һߣδһֱӵ档
õҪĴ𰸣ӮĲƸ֬һ̾
ζ̹ȥʱķ硣
׸Ų֪ʱŮˣǶ⣬ͷˡ
ĸСū˯һֶû䡣
.
Ӯٰ˲ſԣʿһѪһ߶Լ˿һҪ
ⲻ֪Բʫʸ踳Ҳ£ȵĸ˭в顣
볡ʿһ˲ɵˡ
ũѧãɷ̣£
һȺ볡ԣССӾѾǾúܹˣЩʲô
ɷ⣬ũѧҲ˵ùȥڲ˷ֵϵģֵﻧһĶػʳﻧĵ£ֻܸ˰Ӿˡ
߶û˦뿪˿ʱӮ
ͷ࿼ǾͷЦͲ˶볡Ӯļƻա
֮һǰһţͷľдԼļ⣬űīǾ顣
öֵԱСע⣬ܰ￼ܺ塣
һˣ·˿˱ѧʵλʦ̵ҲΪ˽⣬˵ͷͷǵǰ̡֪һôҪ϶ʱûǮʲôɲɡߡ
д࣬վʱ᲻ͣ֡
ͬһŵĻ˶֮û棬дһţûأһ˼ڱϣﱸ¼ױЩҲ·һֲٰ죬ξΣʣһͬϣ
ϵŮҲڣг濼̶ûߣǾ͸ˡ
ǱߵĳŮҲûߣ游˴ӱ߾ŻҪԴԴҲҪȥغųϵĽ˭
κŮûȤģǿ̲μˣǲ뱻˷ͷҲ¡
ϴᱻѹһͷκŮһֱǺ޵ڣʱ͹̵·κϵĶҲŲ̵Ůʹӹȥ˫ڿſ
κǼˣ֮ǰҲͷá
ҾͿ㲻˳ۣӱҪˡ
ܴ죬֪Ǳܲһˡ
һ޾ԭƮҡκֱӵ㲻ǰ˳;ϣ
Ԥеʹûе䵽վͱһֻذ׵ץסưȦӴ˽κǰһֱֻӸκһơ
İκϵĶͶɵˡ
κŰԼȻ˴κϾǰˣҲô衣
ŭĿӣ뻹֣ɿΪ̵ӵֵ֮棬κϺͷĿ
ﲻκʹӵǰκ˴֡
ûŰɣϸϣȷûˡ
Щźִ̾һκϵĻᡣ
ûУлô˵ҲӦлġ
ס֣װǳЦ֮òô֡
̴Լֻ֣һѻӿڻܡ
߰ɡתǰߡ
벽棬ջʲôû˵
ſڵСĦܿͱ˳ݳȾͱӮǰ
Ϊ˶ʱһֱסڹסԭ˵ǸԺӡ
ƽʱӰ֪ҰȥˣһͻضɽӲ䷹ԵĻ࣬ƣӡ
ȷûаӮͷˣڲʰκϡ
Ҳ˵ùļȰͷҪ˵
ҪĵȻѡ˲ţ˳˶࣬濼Ҳ٣ӶŵӮͷˣҪľ
ֶֽŵģҲ֪˭ңֻΡ
ĵú棬궼Ѿҹˣϸľţֵ
ҿֵֽ֪̺˵ľӶڣҷһߣеһ
̿ø߷֣ľƽƽɷļܶڴūͿĸ֡Ծ׷׶о˳ΪڱףС
Ӯü⺢ӸòҲǴİɣҪǵĻдΪ
ֱƽʱյŮŴ̾ѡ
ʣµĺϸҲɫģǸųǳˣóạ̊́רŻͼũѧҲһ³
֨ѽһ鷿űƿ
תν컹䣬żаͷϷٶƣݵǡôԳӢ֮ͦͬѰŮӵȴܽӮԵСҹ֮Ӯúܣһпվͽϱ
ôˣӭȥҹˡ
Ŀ֣ûҲ֪ҹ
ľһ¾ʱ䡣
п֮ţȤתߡ
Ӯ̺Ĵҳ޵ƽʱ̶Ȿ£ͨ˰˽⡣
ͷϸ̶СȤΪʦʱҲⷽ棬֪ϲʵ֮ˣ̶볯ҲصʵѧС
ǷҲˣܲǲ֪֪֪ԼŮδ볯վʿĶ档
̶ס
ͻȻԺĳǱڻҪ֡
ͬʱϷصӺһ˿ӱȸϻسбţʣµ˻һں
-----------------------
л˵߶Ȱ߶Ȱɾǧ֡


53 
ѡνܿ͹,ȥѡ߱
治ɫĺѵóһҲв˲μӿ,δһѡ
ӮʿǿӲ̬ʿìܱø,Ѿ˺ˡ
ԺΪ׵Ϸѡο,ַջطغطָﻧ֣ڳɢҥ,ԭǰɵĻóӮͷϣֲ֪廻˻꣬о͵
ӮѹںõԼϵˮָﻧֵأѷԭеūָǿĸ֣˿ǲξ
Ѫһǧ˾֮ūʱҲɧңͳûѪжĵȫ˳ȥµĶĵġ
ʿҲڿӮǿ,ǲһ֫ľԼļ壬ɺ޵Ļ,ƿӺúʿվһȴͻȻϽףҪˡ
ѡ,̣ЩѡοԵǺ޵
ۣ۵ްΣ,ߵһΪ˺ϣЩͱʿȨǾƣӮҪ䷨뽫ʿ߳ȥƾΣжȡ뽫ʬΣҲ䷨һɹضȺЧ£ʵԽǿӾ͸ޡ
ӮţЦ۵ס
˽һӹ򶼲ˣ˼ʲô˺ɡ
յյԼѡ߷˾ǺܸߣûΣеλãԺ˵ˣһʼӮ˲¶Щ˾ܽ
֮⣬ڳв޼֧֣ҲƣͶʿ岻ϲߣΨбĴȲȷѡ
Ӯ±ɷѾο˴µĿܣʣµ¸
Ϊµɷ漰¡úũҵȸԲҲ٣ҲУ˶ڼζѾʽ볯
ӮҲ˳ŵѡ߽鿴ʫʵ伮иǰ᣺ֵȼ
Ҳ˵δйܿҲֻѰ伮Ҫδ⹫ǲ־ҪõóֵĹ
ɲǰװ׸˿ģִ䡢칤һЩ飬һͷ˭Ǳļϸô죬鲻ܴ⣬ܼﰡ
Ӯȥϣʵȴڻͬ¾ǿ
˵Խ࣬ԺΪ׵ȺɫԽá
.
ﻧֵأūġ
Ϣһֱѹȵƶ˵ȼϣ֮Ҳȥ꺮ӮɽǿЩǽµūʱµĻ֡
ʱͰԷһҪΪЩʲôһȥʵ֣ŲõĽϰնԼĵأֳ㹻һ˳Եʳ̼
ʼūʿķӣǰǲӣΪ߱ץؾϣӳʮֻܻһǶҪӡ
СĺӴŵ˵صﻧſڣЩ;ͲץӾܻܰūݣԺеݣٲȦ˱޴衣
صﻧѲκʿϽǹֻĹʿͶǶӣɽ͵ɱеκΣݶˣʿ鷳ѾԹˣȷʵˡ
ūʿջ𣬵˽ױطأ̶Ҳúϣǽֹڷͨʿ̶ҲӺ̷ԭ̷ֵ壬ٲȻҪж·γɸӮ֪Ѷˡ
ϸ࣬ǵС·̤Ţˮǳݣݵѹȥ֮ͱøˣڵֳ
װѪܣһƫƧСԺ
ˣǽڳǡ
ӱƿһ죬ӳ߳һˡ
Խ³ϥ£б֯ƣȻ䣬׺Ųݱͭ䣬һͷ졣
ſ˵ĳ࣬Ǵһļ۾纣ƽȴӿ˵İˣëʱͶµӰǲδ֪ء
ȻţӮ֪λϷѾˡ
ɽůСѣƽʱݳȾ䷹Ҳˣ˭Сƺռ鱨ıһչҲӦõġ
һûû˽ӮӦˣܲκ廹˵Ը֮ǰͥλϷ
Ϸص;νɱˣԲװ㵽ӺҲҵģֱ˽˹ŷġ
ӮڿϴǰŮˣֺԱߵһۡ
ׯ榰ݼŮ䣬壬֡
ׯ榣Ӯǳ£ȡʲôãҪȡװ಻
Ϸ˽⣬ׯ榸һ㲻֪ûðȻڡ
ⲻɫͷӹһ˿졣
ׯ榳һͬڷӮе񣬡ˡ
ϵͭĶ
ֱһǰ־ҪȥĶӣһֻһĿһöָСͳӶ佫С䡣
Ӯͫͬʱһ֣
ˣ⻤
Ѫ̾ͰׯΧסĳ׼塣
ׯδţҲ޶⡣
ӮЦûж֡
£
δ˷ɹ裬οǴϷģ˭֪ʲô·Դׯ榽ǿͶŵġ
ƽׯ榵ͷüɫԥ
ֻ֪еĺӻڲڣûж⣬Ϊ˸˵ġ
Ӯ˳ȥסׯ榣˭кӡ
ݾˣƶˡ
ڻܸ㡣
ϹˣӮ֣һָţھͿԹˡ
˷ʱ䡣
ׯû뵽̬ȣ㵡
Ҳһݲˡ
ɵôϷ˺üڵϷʮͷͣصҲ֤ʵ㣬Գׯ榵ŮʮͷϷʮ͸
ҡׯ榺˵ʵȷʵϷŮϷĴ˾ΪһѪǰϷʱϷңϷƽйطΪ˾֮Ϸļ˾һֱϡ
Ӯҧ䣬𣿡
С󣬡
ׯ죬δؽסȡԼɲطôࡣ
Ӯׯ榣ˣô֤Լҽκ÷ˡ
һġׯ榺ࡣ
Ӯȴһ֣ɣֶһܷ˰ٻأɶã
⿴˿ǸЦЦ󱳷ţ˵ˣ
˵ЩҲûõģģһŤߡ
Ӯһ飬ָȫģҷģ
ߡ
˵ˣģԲ𣬵Ҷ˵Ļ϶ġϴ̬ãͲſϥѧСҡβˡ
ûסЦˣָͷ´Ҿ
ԲĻᡣ
˵ĴΣׯһ߲ܡ
ׯ˫۷ſգ⣬˵Ķԣϲ̤ԭԭһжûۿ
-----------------------
л˵ֻĸսӥĸһʤӥëǱܡץСˬ˰ɣëˣ۹


54 
ʿΪڷؽֹͨ´,ʹýҲСʱ䣬ԭľɻҴ󲿷ֶһ˽ң̶ӺͰҲϰý,ͻȻ,ذͷϵĽҲپ߱,ͨ͵ϰձø,Բ𷹡
̶Ӽ޷ýҽףɻҲȷʵЯ㣬鷳ԸˣصľҲԡ
вʿǿֻֿοͭЩԴƿС
Ӯ׼ˣٳɽ·ӺھûһΡһͭʯˡ
ڶҪӳڡκͭʯͳûʨӴ󿪿,۸̧ɣҪӮһСʵĲϡ
©ڽ価ļʱ鷿ڰš
Ӯ,ķŭɢ
һЦ̧ɣɴֱˡ
ĸŮ̶ڣղ˶û֨ϵɫʵ̫ˡ
Ϊʿ¢Դ,̶ֲӺڳ۷ǣܲá
ҪڡĻӮҲûǮ,ƷƷ׬Ǯͭˡ
ɥĵĻ̧ۣգûһöŹ֣Ҫˣ޲÷ȥѳݺһ١
ѾӮµȻܣϣһơ
ţ
ԹΨеճŮճӲܼ̳мҲƺͷأϿɹ涨Ů/ӡŮ/Ӷɼ̳Уڲֻʿ壬ڶһСǵʵ
ôȻҲϵ棬ΪϵĳԶչҲô
ѡοԲֻһһвҲֻһУһԼƾ̵ܼļ֮λڸΣֻҪʲôƿ֡
ϮȻã಻˼ȡҵҪܹ⣬ʿڲĸҲҪҫͲܹ⿿ϱҪнУŮ޽Ҳῼμ
￴Լĸףͬĸ׵ļıΪǵϽķչֻܷͬʿ뼯Ȩǿڰա
Щɷǰ޷ͨ¶Ϊϵļ仰ͨˣĲڼϣһҲΪ˼壬ʿӦúʿվһ𣬿һʼѡԼĽ׼׷
ָͷվǶûдڸУȴ»֮ϸ˵ϣҲһƣ˰ʿ¢ϵĲҵѹǵ𲽽ҵչ⣬رοͭʿ
飬ڼྴڳ㡾ְأӮá
Ҳʱʿ˽ױҲӦָӡ
ʿԼ˽װʼΪزɧţйսʱ
ʿƴ󣬼ױҲţǧ򶼲ֹӵ֮ӣģԾȨв
ʿױ֮ǰ͸ӮżȻ¶ҪԭˣڱƵôпܻʿٱѡ
ӮûΧ·̣ѹȸҪ̺ʿѹƣɵʱ׼졣
׼
ʿٱǳ£һҩ߳
ϣ̴ߡ
ȴʱͷһۣộ˰ھԼҵĺ·
ĸף̶ҲΪ˴ֿǡﻤԼˡ
Ůƣû˵д
ֱͦˣŮŮܼ̳ͬмҲƣû˸𣿡
¿ɲֹһŮ˳棬밲ˡ
ѡŮϱĵͷǰˡ
üһֱ²͸ʲôѹֳ˵ûһǲݰ
мĸͷۣ̵֣ˣؼ˵
֣Լǰߣ˭Ҫͬ
ǶˣҲԲˡ׷ѡ
ͣ½Ų˵˾ʮִ󵨵Ļѣʲôġ
ﱾΪųɵףδ棬ҲȰ̫档
һ㶣Ȼ۾ЦͣҪʶһˡ
ǰľŮ˵ϸģӲ˷Ƣڵ¶צСǣŵСƤֻαװԻõġ
ǹ̲̫࣬ߣ˳ݡ
Ҳȥͬˡ
ѹʯ·ƽ֮ҡ¡
.
ҹĻ٣ŮŵС鲽ǰ·¸ųͭ׻졣
ϣǳţϥ˫־Ӹ߳Ϸż
¬ͷȥȡţٹķŵӮǰ
ɡӮһһ˵
ڶԹѾľˣ͹ɣ͵Լˡ
ǳͻģͷóʱ䶼ûϢӮΪڱ߾ˡ
˵ε̶ѾӺ;ˣ˵ĶϸΣд׺ţһ֧ūɵĻһ·͡
СЩūǳ걻ѹ޴ܻĶ־ǷģҶʿ֮ǣһ˺ҧˣǻ̶ʲˡ
⻹һϢԭѰĶҲѾˣе֪ݹµĲرԹɽ֮С
ԭݹ֪رλõֻݹʱرܸͣҵ׶뿪ԱסһѪ
ǰ֪ԸΪݱѪ𣬱㽫ر⾡Է
Ѿ˰̶ӻ쵽ƬҲ̽˷λֻȿˡ
г쾵δܱ֤ͳˡ
ūͻĹΪ̶ߣԼ¶ϺȮҪ̵ūӲ
Ҳ˺صˣ¾ȳعǳǣҽľѾΣգȻҲҷ˵
ӮΪûǮƣھͶһ⣬ԹĲرⰡö϶ٲˣû뵽©˷ˣҲ³ˡ
֪ˣҲġ
ׯڸΣ˵ϷĻˢӣΣȾ֪ˣֺͷܶˡ
ⰲĵ壬ƱϾãҲá
ԥƬ̣ǾŻɽԼ
ׯҲסڹŮ˵ݳȾʮλ˾ĸģ˯һŴ
صɽӼ˻ûߣһһ齹ڳԣӮһ
ʲôʱˣŲ߾Ͳò˰
ׯ榰ѿʣµĽװСɰҪߡ
ϲʳǣкܶ࣬ÿɽھΪҪǳԣ֮ǰȥ˿Сū
ϷҩеСūҩʵϣׯ榿Сū˳ۣԺҪСūΪͽ˾²Ӯܾ
ҾȸˣΪ롣
ݳȾҲ̸ȥιȵҰ
ϷŮ죬߾Ͳó͵Ϯˡ
ԻӮߣǳ㶼ûúϢˡ
һ˴Ҳƣ˵˵Ҳͦõġ
⿿ڲϻ棬ѹûı飬ʱó
ӮøƶˣѾΣˡ
ٽݹһ飬ⲻҪģҲ֪дͻҹŵģҪ֪˶Ҫۡ
ǳԶǧ֮⣬ȥôþдһ顣
˵ǵѰŵòˣݲرĶȡ˻أѪͻŷӺʱƶҲʱڹǳˣӦò󡣡
ѡοԺϸˣȥӺʣµŵǳǺμȥû֣Լ˰йϷ档
ûãǱΧͰǰ㡣
ٸʿ̶ֻϺϵ̶Ӵ˻ĲǳʵԹ࣬һǲԭȮ֡
Ȯ˺£սֻҪûн̶ֹ̣ͨӾͻ*
ǳǺμǻȮҲ֡
γ쾰̶ӺϸΣðԭȱʿŵгռˡ
һãŰעתƵο
οںϵķء
ڽǰͿʼĲȡ
ʱкκ;֣Ǵϸϸκ٣οľֱȺκһЩ
ϼڽΣ̶ӽδʿأٸ߼ȥȻٴӳֺϰգ۸Ҳͣͷ׬Ǯ
ӮԭȻֺôôԭŽΨһο
۾һҪο乫
ᵽ˰͵˰ڷ⽨ͳһֱҪĲ֧԰μǵϸζɹΣԺ󶼱Σ˽ξǷռοҪôó߳Ϊ˰ҪôͰ˽δá
뷨˼Ƭ̣ҡͷϲͬ⣬Ҳѹȥǿ϶Ѿ׼ˡ
Ļٱѣ˽ױôԿ
в²һ£Ҫľһˡ
ֽʹüͶһƬɫ
δؾͲ˽
ӮȻվǵ͹ʿҰģǺϡ
ôһ죬ƽҲаںƽᣬụ̂ҲǾţУָӴǲеġ
Щɥպתٴεȵס
ʱŲ忿ס֣ů⸲ֱҲסġ
ڣ붯㡣
-----------------------
л˵ɽľ;ӣ̫ˣŴƲаȫУɽرף뿪ˣǰ̽·Ҫʲôܼʱ֣Ҳ·֪ؼҵ·˵ȸȮΪʲôһֱͷͳ壡жвס̫ˣԶԶƣ첻ȸ⣬Ȱ㣡


55 
Ӯǰݵͦһ˳ᢵþ,ʵŵúܡ
һͷļѣƬϸƤϲֲ䣬˵С,ίĻؼ󱧱ο
Щʿ̫,ΪʲôҪ,ֲûô
ҪֻùǿðճԱů,̶ˮ̫ҪƽԴͻᶯʿ棬Щŷͬ̾ڽߵĶצµжǵĲƲ˭ܶҲӮһӵ׳־
ḧͷָ/뷢˿֮ΪఴͷƤ
Զ㣬ΪӮȴҪ˲ţֲŵ,Ȩ㣬ΪʱŶݲ,οڣԺհ湲壬ѹҲΪ档
ʿڵ̬,ԵúܵȻͿЩ˵
šӮİӼ£°͸ָͷ,ϡϡϺͳ֧ҵģκתͶ˺ţԭǺӪģԽ硭
еò׼ˣվںǱߵģɡ
ӹԽǽͷݣ֮ǰ֣򻨸һ¾ѣȴδؾ͵ţԽκͬκԴ˹ƻԽСĽΨܴ򶯣ǺĪĺôǲĳġҰĲȺСܶʱƣͻâʱͣȫʵԴʱҲδĻᾡȫֺ֧š
ô˵ֻκɵ
κػ䣬ѹϣãݴɱһûϣڲһκǸͽֻϧⴽ߷Цһ˰ˡ
ֵļƲߣУ̶Ǹ볯뷨Ǻõģ̫Щ˰չ˽ױָȨҪʱ·ͻᷴЩԭʿĿҲѡֺ֧ţֽ׶ε˵Ǻ¡ʿڲδؾɽɰԽοΪն˱̺ţʹڶʱŵľȨһɢֵĺʱ
˹ĲʹѵⲢʮ£ӺƿϣһͺԤıǼ֧ӮģӮĴΣգⳡڶǳõսӮҼȲӮҲʿ壬Ǳ߾ĳʱһᷴԹ
˽ױҲᣬɼز˰֤ڷ֮Խ̸ʣµͲҪˣ
ӮЦӲãСū벻ˣ᲻ΪЩ񡣡
ʱѾܽʾ֭ƽˣЩΨ˲֪жѡ
⸧գȦ΢죬㶼˺Щ
֪ͷ˶۵ȴġ
ӮҲֻɵЦֻۣҪСūܺúõģʲôֵá
ׯΪε⼸գҾú࣬Ѿܶˡ⶯˶ֺͷ˵ٹҾվҲ۸ġ
ȣ֮˫ȼⶼв̶ͬȵήǰΪ˱Ҳÿ춼ָⰴĦ
˫ȶÿְֱ
۸ңȭͷӲսȭͷк׳־
ؼҸ˿޿ʾһȤ׸¹˭ҿš
ڶׯΪ룬ҩӮÿζҪҽҩȷûκβ֮˲Żȥҩ֮ҲׯȺһСԶ˵ǷǳĽˣȷû˲Żȡ
ׯˢӵģԼŹһС·ˡ
ϢҲûκˣ·˶֪
콥ɽҰͷҲⰻȻū۵ﻧȥԼҷֵĵأѾׯڣס׺ʹ󶹡
ȥ꺮֮ǰµĶСҲʼƣļ֮ǰջЩʳֵصʱҲһָﻧˣʱĶ˰ʣµ͹ﻧԼҳԻУҲڹֵַˡ
ΪػغʳﻧԷ֯ش飬ж˺ٻشľľƳìͳȥԷ񶷣ǱӴܵĶǶͣӲߵľͻᱻҲֻøﻧ³
˴ԶǺϵķأﻧױסس֮ﻧӱѣҪŽɹ㹻ξͻᱻ๤޴ÿ춼бϵģȻٱ̧ȥӽɽιǡ
һű̧ȥʬ壬ﻧǶľˡ
ǰһ֪һֵ˭еСİֲ̾һ죬˵ԭϵĵ̱ջȥ·ָﻧǱӹˣʲôʱܡ
û˵ͱһϣ㲻ҪˣֻҲ˵
֮ǰ˵ЩﻧĪʧˣ˵ˣﶼôһ¡
С˱ŵӣٲ֨ʵʵȥɻ
ͷƵͷСҲƵģΨ˫۾עʱΣ⣬ת˲š
͸˲ű¹СŽշֵһͰ͵Ĳ˸ߡ
ǽé棬С˴СŮס⡣
ƿƾɵľţڰϵĶ˲䱻ڰɡ
̨æСתͷ¶Ѭڵ鶯˫תϵĸɲˣʱȤƲ죬ɤ̡ͬ
ôǸɲˣò˻ˣģھȥƤȺ๤ƤٰǵͷŹܾˣǵ¾Ʋˡ
۾´Ӷˡ
СתѴŹϣɲ˶̨ϣһ۵е
лû
˸ĸŮС˽£һòСĽͯʵ٪壬ΪƽʱֻҪѧСӵǻû˻ݣ˰ĸŮںϵγ˺ܳһʱ䣬ʵȸ̨ļ
ǰԭƿأһֱ⡣
²ģȸ̨ڲĳԱеϵԭ֪ķʽȥݳȾʧǱӻӺǣӦΪ֮źϵϡ
ţ̽˽
˭ľˣ̲⡣һ
ͯڼ𣬾㲻ѸɲҲҪӣݶҪûд̾ͻᱻɡ

С
һºʹʹӦˡ
ǵĻ绹ȼգҲܿӰڻζ˵
ûˡ
ϵķغܴ󣬺ܶطﻧºͯôãˣ˽ǾͱضǲߵǸլ
˳ҹɫȥҰè
ںŵĳں⼸˵ϵЩˣǷصĹ¡
ӣ׵˼λѾˣô
Ǳ൱ֻˣǿұޱȵĻڣʤ㡣
ˣſݶ͵°£Ϣ
ӣײûдǿ
ǣ
ӻʱǵڰ·Ϳһ±
һ֮δΪλͻȻټε֪
üԽԽˡ
ڵ˻ıȴѾϢ뿪
.
誺˶ǳûгݣǱܿˣûúŷ
ӮǰͥҲϻֱӰڿԼѡ
³ɺϵο󽻸ϺϳаרӪ
誶ӣ̫ףǳοľ޴
ӮǿƵı֪Ķˣοһ棬ҪǺŵˣͻдԴűϷ֡
ʿ嶼Ѫζ˵Ķǣ޴ջǰûвĶĵ
ڶɣкϷˣӮЦ
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л˵컹ɽɽĳСưɿһεֺͷٵص̨TݣǸ걻ñǼȾƣСɳϸǸˣ̫ˣҺŶҹҩֱŮֲ֪˭ˣǰʱ仹޵ȥŮţ̸һһ


56 
̷Ѷûΰͳ,εĳſڣӴŽա
ҲΣ
Ϊ¢ʹӲκڳзΣϵ̶Ӳ,˵Բ,ʿ嶼Ρ
Ż,ȴ֡
ϡϡϺͳϸտʼҲȱΣ˿ڶ,ÿľͲ٣ۿſⷿĴβ࣬Ҳ취Լҵ̶ӴΡ
ܿվǵײƽֻ۰Ͱ͵ӿš

֪˭̾һʧ˲糱ˮ㽫ɣ϶ǳ֮ɫ
ʱյ𣬳ѹ꽽ʪ·棬۵Ļӡ
ūбһֲӣ¶׳˫,紵ɹֲִֺڣƤƵϣһЦ¶Ƶݡ
ֲ̧֮˲ϵĺ,ķԺ
ƫһߵķǽߵޱ߻С£ȥ
̶ӣ쳤Ӻ档
ʮ·סˣϸŷëձū֮,ʮùĻ
ЩͲ˶ȴ׺ݣһͼǰߵĺϼū
ֻϵ,ūӦΪֶǺϵġ
ЩΪūʹ޵ľʿʿĶ͡
ūŭˣ㽫ūһƣŹ׺ݿţһȥ
ū״ҲֻŭѯʣĶģװʲô
̶Ӵӱĵط̷ر
׵ƨ£⣡
ŷˮëձҿ¶װεչӣʮӦмٽˣҶϸΡ
һΣȿֺѯʡ
и׵ĹЦǰȻ˸֣ǱȺϵĴλˡ
ϸΣȴκõö࣬ǳһСվǰĳöԷƷЦʣôɣǴӱμģ֪ӺȱˣʮǮ˵ֻҪңɱǲյİ
μϸڱ߾ѾܳˣڵԹȮֶ뷽跨ϸΣӺ֪Ҳǵһμôϸô׵ΣҲпɬζΪ棬۾ɵϴˡ
ΰͶм۵ģҾӸ߲£ֻǼûн۵ĵ
ôõΣôˣš
Ȼ
μǵϸζԴڳĴֺΣ֮Ӯ͡ڡһö˷ϸΡ
ڳû̧ߴֺεĽۣӮǾӺϸζҪȺϵ̵ͣԵҪܸϵβҵС
ڶ۵ͣԹȮֵĿ߼۸񣬷ЩʿеǮЩ˿ڴǮܺùѹեϰǿԾ۸͵Ҳ׬
ǱһҪѺϵο
̶֧ӲϸΣаǣκʱڶǽλǸսʡ
ǺϸֻӮ֪ôҲôֺθϸκͰǣȻԳǿǸҪ˵ģӦҲǳڸؿǣΪӮŪߡ
ֵϸܲǼٵģθ߸˵ĻؼȥˣﻹһСǡ
ղųˣѩһĶ۵ģûԹôĶۡ
̶ӾڴϸϸκͰǣһЩɣǵͼ۸Ȯֻġ
ԭȱľţȮֵĴСڧܶū뾡콫ţƥȻȮһʲôûˣԭ̶ӽ׻ܻЩ
ͷӾλ˺Щýսŵڶ̶·ϣ©ıһ
һ½˳ȱε⣬ٲԼοš
ŵ֪Ϣɢһӡ
Ӧ黹ǳǺμǣϵʿͼ֣ڳаԼˡ
ɳҷǱӮȵģͷûЩ˲֣Լ˶ûã׵ĽԼһʵġ³
ⳡʿĽӮˣôҲŸ𣬶úŶ֣κܰѳ
.
˫ȸվȣȲ˦ȡ
ŵ㣬СıˤˡӮڱҪһѶܾ
ҲΣ־Υü۶չˣݵЦݣ۵׽ıҲһ㻯
ЩΪҲֵȫصϣ縧ķ˿ȹд񱻲ʵƵĻůš
ҡҡλΣûˤӮ΢ģ֧ӿһһŲԺϰ·߾ûд뿪Ц۾
˺üȦŸоۣȫǺ
ЪЪվȣһ̫ۣҪģż¡
˺ⴷԼȣеʹϾ
ǰܷųǹ˵ţ߼Ȧ۵ͷʧ⣬Լ
ׯ˵ɢĶܽ⣬Ҫʱ䣬ȱľʱ䣬һٱѣҪһסͳ˧ȻλøˣӮİΣ˭ġ
Ӯ󣬡һӾͺãҲɰ
ׯϷĴ˾͸˼Žţ£һлġ
ⳢֻСˣС
ûСһߣüƲ졣
Ӯ˺ܶ࣬ԭǵģһھͺǲɢˣԳģһӲǣüǰ
ǹ𴽽ǲмӣ·ûԼסĶٽ緢貵Ʋۡ
ôҲɼˡ˳ӡ
ȭͷڿл£ҧߵھʰ˺š
ɱоԣ޺ţҲ£֧ӮʽջȨȶ֮ǰܶ£ʿԺ㡣
ˣѾеȲˡ
ǰͥٹ£µɷѾϣֲ˾ɷĺܶ಻㣬ΪµĽɹϿҪǽɶʿƽһͬʣļ̳з˵˰Ҳ˽ȥֻ˰ǲּأ仹ǼԣԺΪ׵ĵɡ
ŻʾԽһͬԣͼдвȵ˼ٲȻǽ˵ԼĸӹʹƵġ
ö˺ܲû̬ŵʱɫѿúܣǵڶ϶á
ԽЩŲסĶð亹ˡ
.
ǲ˱˼ɫ
׵ԽѰͻȻǣҪ̣ºɣҲû¶վһߣǼȲ̫ӮΪУҲ̫ţӲͷƤˡ
ôһʣĶһ¡
ŵͣʱⳤԽ¼ɷΧֻԽΪһͷҲ˵ùȥһʼ͸ԼһϵģҪǵ꣬Ź硣
ĻҶ˾޶ġαıģʱúŻɡ
ŵȴЦݶҶˡ
ºȾƣԽƴǲֻôӦ
ϯƼȣ輧ȣ˶žף㷲
˽ţϺ϶Ѿˡ
ò뿪ңһʹߴټūټݳ
̯ð亹ܾòɢ
ԺŵԸ񣬾ɱҲŹ
һ۳˼ҪͱΪǿЩ걻ѹһͷҲܹˣҲĺݱһ
.
ʱæźͺŴ̨ӮûעˣֱŲ֪ԷһֱӺǻû뿪
ǺܵʹͳĳŮװ磬ᴹ٣׺Ƶҡ
޵òѹס˺ƻĳۣмƣֻһѣŵõ壬ƵƸѹȺ˭֮ޡ
˲ٰǳĵһ仰
治һڵģƷж࣬ùúֶŮһϲֻ֣
ӮڿϣƨɵµƤ˯һܸܲԼݲΪ¶࣬»ʳ֪ζҹҹϸ費֪ƣ˯߲㵼µġ
ڼʡ
-----------------------
л˵ũæˣɼˣҪԺ֣СױһСͷһ㣬˭Ҳ֪Ǹģ껨ƣúÿҰóԵĻȥ[ī]


57 
ûס˸Ƿ,һͦʧģ岻ɡ
Ϊģ֮,ȡ
ٻóڳеһ¥,ӮҪΪṩ߲,Ҳǽ˵ǰ֮һѾӮ˵˰Ѷ弴ɡ
ʫʸ踳ȫûȤ,֮Ի֣˵Ӻڳ˲ٺöơ
ʱȷʵ񣬻·һʣ̸˺ЩҪ̷سӮҪԼõĶ
ʲôҲĲ棬֪̫ûô
Ӯ׼˽̧,⣬Ҫ㣿
ˡ
ӮƲ죬˿ࡣ
û̧,Ҳֻűˣոȳ쾽ݵĲر˻Ͳˡ
ǮԸκ״,ټϺϵοԺϰվͲٽͰ͵ˡ
.
СҰѼռˣѼ,гǼСҰѼںι
ҰѼ¸½УˣūͱҪǸߣӮȴ˵ã˾š
ЩѼҰѼ֣г嵰Ѽ
ݳȾſͤϿūץҰѼеһûһµĲŪˮ档
ūͽѼӶץӴߣŰ
÷ʱ˵ԺҪѼӣչֳҵ
Ϊֳҵ֪ԺиóԵģѼ桢̯ıܺóԡ
ڳʱǵҲóԣǲûйķʢҲûǣǲܸȥģȥ
ׯ榴С߹ڶձڳԡ
ȥ͵
ׯͷڱİڶõҩӻģҪ𣿡
һСݹȥ
ݳȾûϢʿˮֲԼ˵ԼҪİɲҪҾΪԵɡ
һ¾ù
ׯߣ˵ϻԿѼ
ݳȾ۾һѼãԣ
ǰԹһأñСƬĿѼʹ˿һر㡣
ׯһ˸ɵһֻѼӣ˶ԲһֻʣҲׯ榵Ķӡ
˽ûѼܹըըˣϷۣһϺõľƣׯ榶Գˡ
£ȥѼ
קׯҪȥƫʱżŮŮɽȥ
ŮųУ֪ʲô
ݳȾëˣץסׯ榵ĸ첲ݴܵ*ȥ
ŮУ߿˲ðŵС
.
£ϲ
лӺϣ˫ȸű̺
ԱߵӤǺ˯Сūӳÿ죬Ѿܰˣ𽥳üϡܿӰӡ
ŮĳŷųĻᣬ۽ƳȣδֲԾ
ĸӺһΪ˱ݳȾΪ˴̽鱨
ͳһҡɷѹʿ塢ջطظƽֵأӮĶѾ֪ʲô϶ƫˡ
֣޿֡
ɳŵȴ⣬ܴӵлĳڽ˸ɱҪƱȨĴҪˡ
ӤһޣתοӤֱ׾Ľӱ
ڳӽ£ȻǲܶǸˣֻܱƫƧСԺӴӡ
ȥɡ⽫Сūĸ
Ů׼õĻ
ҲðӵǽеѩǣѩԱΪѩǣϲʳˣҲⱸЩ
ŮУСӣֱװͻ̶Ӵġ
ȥ׿ʼӺڶֱ߶Ϊʿ塣
ӹȥ桢ӡۡεȵȶܻӭרŵЩ۸иеͣͷмǮƽҲʡ
ʱʳϻû̫׷Ҳǵζȷʵ٣ôóԣ಻ǿûеϣζ͵һƽԵľ͸ˡ
ڱӮһ˵Ҳʼ׶ࡢ⡢͸⡢⡢ԲУ˰֮͸ˡ
ԵӺǳԶԲ͵óԵġ
֪ԷϲʳҲֻ֣ҪǻڳڲһݱĿֲ˶ļӷΧڡ
Ż뿪ɽӣ·ղŵͤݳȾѾˡ
ΪźС˿ȸڶء
С˿ȸǸŮҲ֪ʲô·з紵ݶܲʵᡣ
վҪ뿪ӺŽյĻС˿ȸ˼ƫƫǸŮڣδһˣŮİɱ
ȴǰͥſڵĳݵˡ
Լʱһӣˣ½ỳɡ
ôȥôãⲻ˱ԹõĶƹȥҸ仰
ųڣο޿ڵӿ˿Ķȷ˲⡣
ţ
ܲǺΪȻ֪仰ʲô˼ֱǺû
üܶӮ˼
Ժӽ̺ôͲˡ
⻰þ˵ĳͷԣҲҺ֪
.
ɳʹǰּھ»ˣ¡
.
ʹ߻ûӮѾǰ֪Ϣ
£ʱ䲻̫ǧһڰ·ô죬һ㶼ȥ˵ҲˣȥвУ
ֻҪ㻹һڣگˣΪ͵ȥλ
һʱĵѾ࣬ڲùҲòߡ
ɢĶҲ˴롣
֫ʹϾȲԺ˽һһʽˮ輧軹߹ԡ
ˣӮҲԽԽ٣ĵطȷ硣
꽣ֽŵһߣϵĲͷͺȡ
ȸ̨ǱҲ鱨أŹ˽֮ԤӮȥ;ж֡
ʱøոպã˶ǰ֪ŸǱϵܣӶڽҲδ֪
ȣ۵ģպõ˸ɾĽݹȥ
ͰԼ˺չȥԼ֣Ҳ
⣬ˣҪ֪㱳͵͵赶ŪǹӮΪϵĺ飬գвһ˯ҴСūȥ鷿˯ؿշһ˹µį䡣
ãĿЦ
ǲ̫ãÿ§Ŵ˯ѾϰߣȻָʧߵľԼˡ
֪ǰɣһҹ˰Ҳˡ㻹񲻿񡣡
˲䱬죬Զ˵㣬öûˡ
-----------------------
л˵Ѿ浽ز֪ΪˣҲ٣аҪڿ㣡дܿдģ뿪󡭡


58 
ڵĹϽ˽,ĳԺ棬˶ӽȥˡ
Ͳ˵ū͸ͻһβˣʱҲ̶,ʱ,ʱ졣
֮ǰʱ˲׻,һΣ,˷ŲסŸĳһΡ
ôˣŵūƣַ˷װ˵İ峵
ūʹŴֲѣ¶׵ĽŲӣЦ·ϵһӣˡ
ȷʵˣҲټƽϣˣȥɡ

ūСպƣŰ峵һȳһմСŽȥ
ĺԺлҰáҰѼҰ,ūƽʱһЩκ͹ߡ
֮ū;Ҫȥ涺
Ĺ궫˵Ŀˣˡ
ū;Ͳ,͹µҲ죬ͷĹء
ɽⷴŶǳԻ˶ֵ,ﲻסˣéвУӴҪˣ˲ˡ
ü,ѬˣϿȥ߰ߡ
ūǧлŶӱȥé
ͷĻæ˶û˻µ벻é˰ɣ͹ȥˣﻹū͵ӰӣΪūûкԼˣ˵İ峵ڣµʶԾȥ֪ͨ
ѪѲ飬ںƫƧĽ䷢һ߹ʬ壬ѪȺţá
ոѲɫѿгڣκ˲ý
ͼֽСѾ߰㣬صĽ˻ˣһǿָǽͷ޵ͼֽǽˣ
׷ۣ
Բ˴ͼֽ뿪
ū͵ǱûԶͱѪץסˣһرͼֽ
һű䴩壬ҷָͽ/Ƥ߳¶Ǳ߱òͨǶ˶Ҳעĳࡣ
ܿ죬ū͵ʬҲҵˣ˶Ӳݵøɲݺͻڸǡ
.
ݲ𣿡ӮѾ˹ɫˮ
ˣӶǱĺۼͼֽ㱻ߣǱ߾һˣȻôصʧɫܺòŹ֡
¸ͷܡ
Ǳߵʬϲδκݱʶֻ˫ֻк룬ƾжϡ
Ӯһȥ˵ļҪưţøĸ͵լһ٣˭ҪǸ̰īͷ̴ãֵԼȥū͵ļˣȫٽҪʻ
ǣ¸ȥ
Ӯתǽӣһͼֽȫ˺鶪裬ͫԾյɫ𽥱Ұ档
.
Ǳ͵ͼֽվץ𣿡
¬ѱɱͼֽҲûˡϸ˹ȥСĻ֪ˣ緹ǲܻͬ˹ˡ
ôӮ׼ʱ׼ԷյԼ
¹شⲻģȥ
¬æǱ߸ճ£ҵʱ˶ӵģ˴ʱʵڲ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ԼļˣЩ˷ִ硣
£߬ӷ֣˼תܻɵ˶˸飬ܾǺϣ¢ΰгӮЭļƻգſ϶бļƻҪٱѣѪĻڶԺ˽Ҳһв
ûˣȻȥ˵һжá
ֽڹۻӮΪԼģȻѾɱˣʣµľǺú̲ˡ
䣬ĸָСūιһ̣СūС첲ҪⱧ
ⱾҪԷ˵ģҲֻȰСһﱧ
ȣСūҲ٣ǿźӾ¶棬۵ƤγԱȡ
ݳȾׯ榶ûɽӲ䷹ȻķܲӦ
Сū棬ڻϿԺĻСūʹֻСצӡ
ѽ˷ܵˮ
ôСĶҲͦ˵ģ˷˻ᵹȥ
˲ҰŮһʳ̨
΢ĻɢܣͬʱҲŮȹǡ
ԭü۵ʹŮͻȻ̧ͷӺе׳һѷĶ̵źĵֱӴ⡣
һɨɵֱסСūһֳסӷܿٻ߷סŮ
ŮͽӣȻվ𾪡
˵ע⣬λʹŮ󺰣д̿ͣץ̿ͣ
ŮĴ̿ͷս̵ٴζɱȥӾ͹ȥ
ջָٻ̿ǱҪģֺһǳǳѪۡ
ŵСūۿޣ̿;͸ĿҪСū֡
ɫһ䣬ƾսɱľԤе̿һУֱӽ̿еĶ̵ߵȻһ̿͸㲻ԥץĶ̵̿͵࣬ʱûץڡ
ѪӴ̿͵ؿڲӿ۾Ͷˡ
վűŻСū壺²£⣬°
ۡСūȭֻܿޣ޺ˡ
ۣһߺһ˽ʬʰȥѪζ̫ˣѬźӡ
̿һŮڵɪɪ֪Ǵ̿͡
ѪɽΧ̿ʬҲ˳ȥǱһǴƤߵġ
⣬Ѳ˵ݳȾׯ榵ԺҲ˴̿ͣһһˣѾˡ
ûܼʱɽҲд̿ͣ⻹Σ룬ȻˣǲзϣЩӦҲôѾҪɱ
ɽŮūͰĸҪϲ顣
ҲҽСūˣԼţϲЩ˵
ˣڴ̿ϷһС鲼ݹȥ
ָʵϸ֯ߵҲǽУǡ
˵ȡճŮĳüһСбȶԣ֯ߵȻһǴӴ̿͵С˺ģǹΪ֮ô̿;Գ
ͳŮܸһֵĸо
ָۣҩ˿ڡ
зôãֲǰˣȻƾЩܽӣҪӮ֪˿϶ż
ӮҴҴӹϻأ̿ͶѾˣǸԼԾġ
̿ͶƤߣɱŮʬҲڹ԰ĿݾҵѪʬ仯Ӧϱġ
ѾСū˯ˣӮųһ
˵ˣӮǰ
ǵ̫ˣһ¾ʹʹӮ۾
Ӯ촽
ҵûʲô£һС˶ѣֻСūŵˡ£Ҳ˻ڰٶӮ֣Ǳ͹Щ̿Ҳб¡
Ӯסˡ
̿ͣԲɺϣĵɽơ
һӦ侲
ӮҧɾݳȾСƺһǵۡ
ҲݳȾôׯ榣
ƾǸָ÷ô󾢡
ɱׯԺӵĴ̿ңϣѪֵĻᶼûУׯҪ֣ˣ˵ڴϷص;׷ɱׯ榣򶷹Īˣ²Ҳׯ榳֡
ӮߣѾ˯СūڵŭŽƽϢ
ǳ𣿡
һ̿ǳģĦ֣ŷĶ亹ƱȨ˺ܶ࣬¡šӣû˻뿴վ
ӮĶ
Сϵˣ˵
ˣΪ۸
»ˣҾҪ
ɱ˭ǰЩ˱
-----------------------
л˵ƽһ¾ˣӲãܸоûдɶõݣͻȻһƪβûģɱģȥΪԭβˣдʵԼ񱣬ҳǿǿǿܣ¸ɱ붼úˬðҰԡǿڴôţû˶ַУͣ


59 
ϵŵ,¶΢ǳһ⡣
ӮĿҲ˵̣ϸϸա
ⳤЩٱɨ,͸,ܲ˵ſѶ
ϸָԺڷ,ΪͷƤ̫Ѩʱʱͷһ,㣬һıǼ⣬ҧһҧļͷ
һַֻϣż»ڲס/ɫϸ͸ź죬۶ϵɰ˶ջ
ھͱק/ڵͶȼˣʵЩܲס,Ӯѳ
ڴߣ´ϣ𳤳ĺڷ
Ӯǰһ,̾ͱסͬЩԼ۸ĺ۶ˡ
ȥӺס䱳,ʵҪȥ
ҹˣӦ˯˵ġ
⾫׼׽סҪֵ֣żĵ,ȥСū
ĸ˵Сū⼸˯̤ʵǱŶ˻꣬Ӯܺ£ҽ￴ҲЧׯΧӤ߶߶˼ȶҲʮַģ˯ǰҪȥ
ôһ˵ӮҲҸһȥ
·˾һȥСūСһӤ˯ǿźҹɢŵĹΡ
Ӯׯ榴ӵ۵ʱׯ榵ıӦ֪ģǲ˵ֻǼŶСūкô
Ҳش˯ˣӮЩԳʱ̫˾ûм
ȥɵΡ
ݳȾûҪСؤڽ䣬ҲֻǺһתǽڣƨɶܾ˵¿ëһʲô
ˣ˵ǰɣУˣŰɡ
ûеãûСϾڵδһӡ
˺ü죬ȷݳȾԩˣСƺȷʵûиӦϣ˹ҲЩⲻȥ˭֪СƺôŲϳȥ˵ʲôûã˵ˣûӦҲ֪鲻ɣܴȲƽѾܲˣСƺű
ҪߣݳȾĹתԩҪ˵˵
ӴӮüҸƨ˵װӺôû˵ԺҹŵģͷƫԸңСⶼô̿ͻˣҹŮҲˣû˾Ͳˣ㻹¡
ûϴ裬·ҲûеûݳȾ϶ȳˣһԼŻ
ǵƯźһӮ˵ԼˣͬʱҲе飬ΪȷʵûиӮ͸¶ӺϢ
ģǺӮҪ֪Ļ᲻ɽƷͻȥ뱻سǱֱԽܡ
ôûûи˵Ⱥõ¡ֱ׳ΪԼû
Ӯҧƺץһ٣һҪлл㰡
лҲӦõġݳȾҽܡ
ӮεŴ򿪣㰮߲ߣ߾һ
ºһݳȾӲһ뵽ڵγԲĺóԵģͲôӲˣֳ
ûг㣬̿͵Ҳ֪ǳҲûϵ
ƲԼͳĹϵǺˮޣϾҪù
ΪʲôҲӮһֱܺĵ㡣
ѵϲ˰ݳȾûķʡ
û߼·üûְֻ֨ס̿ͲҲˡ
ڳôʱ䣬õֺʽĶЩ̿ͲǳģȻҲʮָұ֤Ͳ졣
ӮԼʱĸܣʵ˵ϲޣָ߸ϲַޣܾ߱ԣòʷŵִ׵Ů裬ֻԶ۲棬̫ǿˣ˭˭
˵ֻС⡣
췢ģҲκϲԸܣʼֻһйֳ嶯ʱ·ĺܶ࣬Ҫֻһ˿ͺˡ
ˣݳȾ۴ʲô£һɫеġ
ӮϹ˵ʲôСƺ
ι߲ãζҲţҪΪǵⲻȥ治ȥ
صݳȾ֡ɫܲڡ
޿ָ̣ݳȾţȥϴϴˡ
˦˦֣Լʲôණ
ݳȾұ㺦ģ
СƺĹƢһȥģµ죬ƽҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ӯȥ鷿ɷ䲼ֻ֮ʿԣصﻧױѹƲסˡ
ݳȾվԭ˰ӣÿڸ˲뿪
صԼסСԺһɣʹӶû
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ֱһŨܽӣŻعŤͷĴѰ˰ŷϸŸ룬͸ƽʱ
ǰҿӣζŨˡ
ӳһϲŽǱĶûԹͷһؼӰǱĶ⣬ۣһƿˣһ㡣
ʲô˭ģԺ޼֦ū͡
ģСūͷѾ£нǼ
ݳȾһ٣ëһСƬӰӰ¡
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ͷһᣬζӳ¡
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ֵ²ʽɽҩһҰ⣬Ҳ⡣
ӮСһС鿾⣬ѡĶóԵĲλ
˿ڸյ裬Ȳ
ݳȾ۾ڿ⣬üͷ۾۷ˣ
ֺ׶ˡ
ҲٳԵ
ӸպϣȻ档
֪ˡݳȾѵû졣
⾪ĿӮҲСƺǲתˣͻȻͺ˵ˣˡ
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ҹĻ٣һֻɽӵϣתӥĴŷ䵽ӮֱϣצϵСͲȡ
Ǵӱ߾š
̷Ӻ׵
.
ʱϵĹٵϣһ֧ɵĶðǱС
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һƿӾȥվڱѵˮ£ֶ˶ϵˮŽ¶ҹҷ
˰ٽֵҲһˡ
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纽ƹȥԵůů塣
ҲһӰٽΪ
ӺԶ뻹Ҫϰµ·ܻصӺ
һ˴󲿷ֶūȮֵĴС췢ڧūѵūԽԽ࣬ǳǺμÿ춼ūͶ׾õĳɱ˾оλʹͣūϵڱĺ¡
»ˣҪһ֧¾
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£˯ᣬʱҡ
ҹֵ
÷ˮëձסϰȫ˱ģݹĲرⶼǰˣýɽɽݶΪһ˶ߵĽʮֺ
ЩҪŵġ
š
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鼲а£ʢ֮ǰصӺ
ͻȻֵ˶سǵӺһΪĸӺˡ
ֱѪĲ֪Լˣɵʱȥ߾һǧˣôô࣬ʱбģھȻһ㶼֪顣
-----------------------
л˵شˣ飬껨֪Ұȥˣû˵껨Ͳڼң϶ܽɽҰèӴˡ


60 
,񼷽Χۡ
һۿͷеܳ׳ۡ
ѹ·ĳۣ񲻽⳵ϵװʲô,,ÿ*ƥ׳,滹н˶ūƳȴһūû
ƳūҲǴŲЬ,ǹţϻԼĸˮ˿˾ץԺһڣƳ
ԭ˵Ŀ߱ǣͷҲǾģֻȮֻߺѪͳڱ߾Ϊ֡
ԭĹǳǺμǣֶǺܳģӺ֣ʹҲǴӱ߾ū,û˻ὫЩֵ˿
ǵ֧ȴк֣ܶū͡ū
ʿɳ̽ϢļҲȺУɨ֧İĶ,жٸвתææܻȥ
һͣˣķˮëձƿһ䶫̧
Ӯǰͥ,ûɵӣ۶ֱˡ
ôࣿ
ӡ顢ʯ޹ǡÿһƷÿһֵ,ԭĿⷿʮ֮һ
һأ쾰ͷˣ壬˫۶ǹʡ
Ӯܼ񣺡ϣҲ
µó¹һݣ𡣡ӮԷ˼Ա¡
һϹͷ˻Ըⱼȥ߾߾ɹӹǳأ˳˿ڵĿȱҵչ˻ô챦ЩΪ˹ҫ壬Ҳǿ˴ĹͣӮ˼˼ô
ûйϵа쾾Ϳʼݺᣬ޵һѱһᡣ
Ӯһʼܸж˵ǰȷʵףˡ쾻ﻰλ䣬ж˲仯ΪУʲôɢˣֻʣǳ鴤
ͷûҲ⣬ҲղӦֳŵġ
´Ӧ£ʳԡλôס
쾿޵ĸʵУལ֪˯¾ѲڻֻܶЧҾϣΪϾϹᣬǣ
¹ĹףǸжг¹ҳǽ֮ҡ
ǻԳһжжصĻ棬ֵʷټ
޵ĲˣһգһСӡ
ϣݹĲر⻹һ
ţʲô
˳ſȥСѾˣ˫ִһӲӵס
۾΢΢󣬺һͣǣ
ϣӦþǴ˵ĹŮǼǹĽ˿ס
ǰйһʮصĹģͳԭַŲڵķذͼ˼ǵ䴫˵ĲɽͻȻʧʼԴڱġĹĹĴ˵ҲֻЩ
ഫĹŮ죬͵ر˿׾֮һ
ͨ˿ǹ룬ĹŮȴԣֻĽ˿׷Ƿƽ˿ˣ˵еĶҲûļĹ֮ŮıҲ֮ʧ˵硣䲻صϢվޡ
һʼҲţΪһ˿ףõԣȻĺˣ뵽ĹŮĽ˿ף͸Ͻ
һ·СӶ뿪ֱߣԵĽ鱦˿׵ļֵҪԽϡ
ĹǺܾԶʷˣԭıҲֻֻƬûڼºۼӮûӡҲɽ˿ִҲģôƽʱҲ𣿻òƺͷ
иδ֪ڴߴףԥָһ¡
ĳۿķӦ괩͸ʱյıݻصǰ
ս˻ױ¡ŽǴ죬ϵŮֳսǰӸоɱ
Щоԭ˳࣬ҲȮֺͺ壬ִǵ֡
о׺ѪŮҲʾеսմ˵оѪ
ѪɫĲŮ󣬻սĺͺŽ紵սϺȻһġ֣ӲƬѪռһλӣ
оĳìŮӵţ͸˽ףȴû˵Ůӷֺ
Ľѣ¶Ľ˿ף׻סŮӵҪлᷴһӴмо壬֮ͬ/սϳء
Ѫˡ
Զĳ¥ϣڷȹ轵ͽϵĽӯ貽ö
߾ۼĺư۵أûü˵ĵоûܿΪ̿
ʤŮϻͷԶԶעӳ¥ϵĲȹŮף紵˶ʵҲ¶ŮȾѪա
ӢüۣĿȣѹĵ֯˸ֻ֮üƳ̾Ϣ
˫ڿŮףֺǷӮʱմߡ

ѣŮӵòӮǰһɢ󶼾ʱ䳤ӡ
ӮŽ˿ȻͷսϵŮӸⳤһģһ
ôᡭδ̫ˡ
쾻ڻñϲУ˰ҲûӮзӦ
ϣ
ţšӮûղ˲Ĵκˣ棬¹˵˿Ĺô͵ݹУ
Ͳö֪ˣϹĹļ٣ݱ֮ΪڸԼУҲݵһˡ϶ĹȤĲؼأ»ˣϿҪһĵɡ
ӮڴӦȴǵȻȥׯ榣ŲԼô˵ԴĹׯҪһ壬ҲӦ֪㡣
£鱦ûȤˣϽ˿׾ߣó쾵ڴ˸㣬⣬һ۹͡
ƻĵһ¾ԼĽ㣬ɽӳԵģ˵߹ص¡
˵ԭκūδȮֵѣ¥˵Ƶģرףܶ඼ǿŻģͲ˵ԼŲȷˡ
㶼֪ʱжգҶñľˣ纷ؾңϷ壬رƴҪģͻΧԼҲ˵òᣬҪûҿ϶ˡ
ѪǱһʬ
ɳֲִֺڵ۵ۿˣ֪˵£ӻؼң֪ÿ޳ʲô
ˣֺݣֻǿǰ׵ģһЦܿ
ƺٺɵЦǰоڼҲġ
ܳӻô꣬δ뿪Ӻ֪սʲô˲Ŷó㵱жѣ͸۳ܵ
㣬Ⱥˣ
ͷˣվŵģСֶŮҲˣֺӡ
ϴϷΪҽǰʱ·Ҫٻָһʱ䡣
̫ˣƺܸˡ
Ҫʱܣ֪ͺãɸ߼ˡⶣ
ȥһˣƳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳȫˣף㡣
ˣ
ûǸٽǾټȻҲ
Թ˵ݵȻû⣬¶̳㣬ҪԼ
˵û㣬ԭܵˣӮЦ˵겻ѽҲˣһ治ϡ
վ񣬡ϡ
һ˱ôӮ˶õԵĸ㣬һȻȥƽ
ʣõʲô
ӲرҵĽ˿ס򿪸⿴
ķӦӦҲ׵ͷ
⻰Ҳϣ˺̶֮ȥ˲رĵطǺһᱦġ
˿׵ʱ͵һʯϣװ׵ĻǸʯĺӣϴº̫ۣͽȡţʯӸһװ˻ء
¹⣬ƲˣӮҲǾԽ֪Խãǵ뿪֮ȥׯ榽й
ׯ榺ܿˣǼ˿ʱͫ׾һȻϵá
ǰɣӮҲϻô࣬ͺðˣ㼸⡣
ׯԼλ£֪ҪʲôƵģҲ֪
СҴǰɣ
ׯ޹治֪ĹǼǰˡ
Ҷû˵֪ƭ
ׯ榿ֿ⣬ȷЩܿ֮ŽĹŮΪʲôͷ˳񣬶𣿡
ֵӮͫһˣô֪Ӵ֮󿴵Щ棡
һп̽ı죬ȻҲܡ
ׯͦͦţʾԼǿֻΪǷͰûݳȾܳԣݳȾ淹ͰΪʳֲ̫࣬ڣѾʹڵҩֹۡ
ʹҪǾʹѵļҲһ
ңʼĩҲ𾪣ָԼҳĹŮ
ӮͰǳһĳ˵ˣĩ˻Ҵߣ˵ҲĹŮˣɺϣ϶ɺϡ
ֻܽͣҿʼׯ榹ˣ漰⽨źõĶһɾܾ֪ǧľ𣬻괩Ѿͷ۵ˣһ̯߰¶ûʰɾ»˺ŻҪ
ׯ榣ǲɺҲ֪֪Ĺӵйأĺ뽫һϾɱǨȥϷΪ˶׷ɱ֮ǰӺ;νɱɵˣͻȻҪȥᰲĵġ
ɫء
Ӯһɵӣ˭ܶģùϷֽ
ӲߣҪҲ԰Щ˶汳ġ
-----------------------
л˵һشͱȥæˣҪηȻģˣ


61 
ҹ,ѪΧκլۡ
Դӣ˼ױͼū翹ֱײյĴ,κ¶ס
κ˿ڶ,,ͻıʣȫŲѡ
ûץκ,ֻ鷿һܵκӦǷˡ
ڹκ߲ΡΡվǰ棬ң
ʿ壬ҫ꣬δܹ裬ЩӱĻ־ôǡ
κŮǱӹ뷿קģͷɢǱްŮ١
ϳ֮,κŭɶָƶ㣿վ͸ýǶֳɫĻ,ûһöçļߣ
ֻǻǰ˿϶Ҫȥ˺κ죬ڵЩһоûС
϶ʿֺͿ˳ˣ˵ʮ,˭ӣҪǰǧ꣬ҶһסɽѨ,Ƥȹӡ⡢ֲʶһ˭Ҳ˭߹
ûЩ£ȴȥκӶޡ
ž
ӽκߵʯѣɽʯѪֱ

ΧκŮҲͬ꼰ݵľŴ֮׷סԼԱ߶㣬ѹŮĿ޺
纾֤ݳκϰ͵ͼֽд̾ˣ֤У˽ǧͼı졢֮߱ģɡκ伫̣ûռҲƣջطأ壡
°䲼ġɡıߵ̼Ͽᣬ״Լ̣壨塢ĸ塢壩Ҫδؾ̣ٻҲ֮޹ˡ
׵ֵܡŮҲҪ
βݲ紵ӮһֱΪԼǸĴˣĵĹͷԼİ
Ѻκ˾֣ʲô壿
κķֱ̱ڵأ˿ңͣ˺ܾòźͶŮһʹޡ
ɷƲһԼˣȫ뺢ӵ
޺أҲкԼ޹ģЩġ
ܵģҲЩһŶԡ
κˣӻط纴չ
Цϵ˸ãӡ
˶Ϊ쾴ӱ߾ӮĿ϶۹ͣ˭ûϵѪڵͰκϣѸײڶ֮ƽκȫˡ
˷ӦκլۡѾˣг״оݿɲ飬гкãκϻá
κϺаԵҲһˣǰŭԣڲͬˣԩ鶼ߣֻʵܶԷʲôݣ֤˾ץˣôоôУǴġ
ӻطأκ֪ԼѾҪ군ˣʱʱ
ĨϵĻңɫ۵ŭ𣬷Ըĸȥټױ
аǧױѪҪȵ»ϵļױַģû뵽ҹͶֻ֣˼ˣ³ˡ
ĸܿȥɫţ˼ǱΧˡ
ʲôκ󾪣һƿĸ󲽳ߡ
κϷӺЩ룬һһҹ·ŻصѪô졣
ֻ棬ͭ׵Ѿκϼױս
ڵﻧūɢܣκ˾ͻӱﻧūǰס
񣡻ȥ
鷭ڵصﻧڱǶѪ󱳺ͲñӳƤѾˡ
κ˻ٳ飬Ȼһֱ֧
ۣ
͸ľ࣬סðѪĲӣûһ͵زˡ
δﻧ̽˵ﻧ㵽һߣеӻͷʱֻһƥƤëеսǰȥ
ٶȿ쵽ֻʣ²Ӱ֮˭δ壬ΨɫıӰﻧԺ
֪ƽȥκվȣҧ̧ͷ˫۶
⡪
ǸɫӰˣѾָ߰˳ɵ⡣
һɫװƬסķκ͸ЩҪλҲͭճһΰ͹µխϸ³ӯȴʧУ̲ž˵ı
ͷƾһֻչչʾԼĴƱɢҰԣ߸ңŹ·ʱ׼𹥻
κĿѣζû뵽ץԼĻ⣬Ѿɲз
κı棬ϻκ״Ͷ֡
㡭ȡκʧɫ
ֱɱģɱȤŪ˹ҲһˣһİľɲĻɢʧȥΪͷġ
ԼȣǣҾзҲһɱ㡣
κţսеĳָȴҪ֣ѡ񱳴̺ԱȫԼ
֪Ժֻ֣ǿûлᣬֻҪԸκһԸҷŵ״ڷػ˽мƻȡ֮ҰĵţңҲǺŵӣ
Ҳ˵ˣΪ·Щɵ촽
£ĵǹ߬Уо־Υսϵ⡣
ΧκϣӮʹԪģͬ뿪֤Լ޴󰭣ҶԸκ⼸ǧ˶ѣӦׯ榴ӮŲԸӦ
һκĳЦûʸ̸
ѵɥӣκɫףܵ벻ģѪͬ㵹ֱһȥ
Ƶķڵѳɺü飬Ԥʾκ嵽;ˣ޸ϣ
俴ţΪ
뱩ϱȨܾʿ壬һһŹ
ϵˣκҲˣϺϣʿҲδ޹ɵײıҲܶЩ˸ϾɱŻô
ΪԼ˽ԹͲ˽ͰգܲӮĴǽʿ嶼ɱӺҪݲӮˣڻܵʱ
һκͷ­תͷ
Ѫһ·÷ڵﻧū壬ΪԼҲһ٣û뵽Щֻκϼױͷκֻ֣ҪǲκӲû£Ķڽͺá
κϵİǧױȲЩӱ߾ĻܿͱɱƬײ
սֵ·涼ʬ壬ԼٶЩﻧ˼ңֻʣūǵҪôѾҪôǳˣ޴ȥԭز֪롣
ⰲרƺҪκͷ­һӺ
Ӯģȷŷһֻࡣ
.
κҲûӮй֮۹ֻͣǹЩĲɡ
˵ʵʱĺ뽫ӴȥһƨɣպһͺҪȥɱɱܷģջѹ˹أӦˡ
Сһ춼Ĳֱഫһ˳Ϣһ
κճһλãó쾶ϡ
ͷӸ˵Ƕֵˣƨһͨģȴһͨ
һǰһ뿪ǰͥɫ첽ǰߣżȥ
ں棬ЦеĺܺͰ볯СỹܴһƬ¶ԷҲԽ̸һӶûС
ҲͶԷǳ̸䣬ἰ˰쾼ʣȴߡ
ú﷭˦Է֡
ǲģҲЦں
ֻҪڹ棬кβɣҲԼļ֣ԼҲ֪ⷬǳںģǲϲ̬ȡ
ںܶ϶ϣɷ飬ھ˰ϣΪ̵˰˹ͣΪ˰ߣ̾ͻǼۣϰվ͸ΣɻΪĲȡںϵʿк
޲ɣֻʱԡ
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л˵ϦڿְԼ𣿹˵Ϧ϶Ѽţ֯Ů˵һҪȥʵÿ궼ûִ˲ˣιҲ⡣


62 
װĳ,û˷Ӯʱԡ
ſԡͰϣںڵĳʪں,,ϸ׵˫֡
ӮΪ˯,Ųһţȴ񱳺۾һ,תͷһֵˮģˮοһŵˮӡ
͵Ϯң⿿ԡͰ¶Ц˫ǳ
˶·ϵˮ飬߽ͷһһˮģ
סԼ˵ĶͷżԱԴΪл͵ϴ衣
˭ңҰѶԷӿָͷȳһڵĶ,װͰ͡
Ц򶼸ŶԡͰеˮһС,µǣڰݵľѶһˮӨˮϸ۵֬ˮµ֦͹ʱˮ,ʱֳȥӮԳӶЩ컻档
֪,κϷӺÿһҹܸأٺõҲеԲο廹ûȫãһһأɫˣۿЩࡣ
Цĵ̾¾ˣʹˣ
ȥɣԼᵣģȥɣͱһҲῪĵġ
г˲ܽޣ飬ԾܵҲͬȥˡ
˲ģ㵣ˡ
ʱ䲻úڼ壬û
Դ忪ʼ֮ڹʹס֪ţΪ룩ԶǺׯ榡ݳȾ͵ܳȥ
ݳȾһ˱任ȥ̷Ϲ䣬ѧЩ壬·ƽֱӰνЩаŮʿӵܵ򣬻ֱӽǺ͸ŵ˶ëˣū̧ȥ֮ͷ񲣬һֱ˵йԼµ
ݳȾֱͺãׯ榸Ǹеĸ֣ǸСԵģսɵǹӷֵ쾡¡
˴һڳ޷죬ʿ嶼ɳױҲץǣܵӮǰҪӺԡˡѲ
ʼӮΪһ֪ǼʳߵĽҲǿЦãſ޿ʿ壬ٻطʰĴˡ
ôһ˵Ҳ£㵽һֱٴιЦ
ӮòʪͷԡͰϹ֣ƵӺֱֹײȥһᣬˮ½֮ͱˣ̫ˮ˾
һë޽סվŰϵˮɣٻϸɾС¡
׷ϸߣӮ˫ֹסӮĲӣ˷ɵĽͷӮԼɳ
ӮһֲͷһֻҪסҪŴ޵Ĺ
һ´˵ıǼ⣬żεĳ磬վãҶҾʰ㡣
ⲻλһλΣ̡
»̧ΣԽ˵Խǰɣ
ʹͷӮļѷ͵͵Цͣˡ
ӮһٲʵԼҲҪѳֲסˣ
ͷˣͰ˱ֱѣɺãȻס΢ĽѾӣָסһһµ
ׯ˵Ħкô֣֮ǰҲÿ춼ⰴĦģǼ죬û¹һ졣
ϵһҹҲۣȷʵۣͷ˸Ƿᶼˣ۴΢ţ˫İĦϡ
ûһĺͱ೤˿˳˳Ĵڼ羱ͷĵССģֻȰƴ㡣
ӮŻСȷŽѡ
ȣᱡ*˿񱻣һ㣬ӯ͸ˬǵģͷˣ˯Ҳ졣
ԭֻĲϻŵϴµϣƽʱᱧСū˯
С£ƵƵʶ࣬һһӮڱ϶ܿϰ졣
ǰ鷢ͷһǡ
˯иܵһŵʪůһ£ڱﶯģĵૣСưأܿ˯ˡ
Ӯ˫ֳ࣬ôš
ʱⶼûʮ꣬Ǹأܷ⽨̺Ӱ죬Ǳȳɳģ͵صˣãǸܿɿļ̳ˣһ޼᲻ݵǡ
Ҳʮ壬ִҲСģҲֻżܿһ棬ǰԶǳȵġ
ɵϡ
˯Ҳۣһ¡
СūҲ˯СһϴαŶ˻꣬񲻼˼죬ӤʶûˣɰӮ۵ġ
ھͺˣܳ˯ȥӤʱ֮ǰ㣬ӶҲˣĹĵˮҡ
ŮţӮԼŻ԰Ϲ
Ļԭ򣬽ĽʵûϷ̨ͤ¥󣬹ҲֻһСĸˮʦʱĽ˵Ҫһƽˮɣرͻأһм䣬Ū˸ͤ
ǻҰѼͷµһⲻøʳģ˰ĸѼץ˵ιʱ䳤ǾͲҷˣͳɼˡ
ڸµӶΰ˺ü̳Ѽǲ֪ĸ͵һһһ̳ˡ
˭ûأھͤϳѼͷ
ǰѪ̳Ӻ߶¯ֿģƤִ࣬кŨ㣬üţ
̶ӴӲԭĸҴ֥ʿζҲܲز˾ʲôʲôӱĲü̵ƣζܶء
һʱԹ֮Ҳˣûкִţ⵹Ǻϲ죬һٶǺ̲С㡣
ݳȾׯҲ˿ڸһܸɵ󺺱̲ǵˮȡ
ҲԹˣӾû
ݳȾԼֲŪֻ͵Ѽţͷﵱɺԡ
̫˱ҭסݳȾĴء
Ӯǳ鴤£ͤѵڵϵˮšԼ͵ǶҵˮװˮЯ㣬ʱҲܺȡ
ȿȡò˳ȥˣ̧Ĩ죬ûӮֻۣ죬Էðһˣ³ڡ
ȸָ̨ʹҲǰ裬ôҵκ״ȸ̨кܶవ׮ǱЩʿߣūŮ檡ױʲôݶпܣչ˺ܶߣЩԭ֪
֯ǰ˫н
û˲ԣ͵ѼΪܸܲһģҼСҲˡ
пˣʹӻСժʵۺɻ
ҪɻһҪʵۺɻһƬƬժϴɾˮ֣ðǡ۽ƣ󵷳ڶŽ׼õı
ʵʻҲ̵ģǻûһΡ
ݳȾƲ죺ǾͲˡ
͵ܳȥģׯֲ͵͵Źߡ
ΪʲôʿŮô
ô˵ҼС⡣ݳȾһ
ݳȾ󺰱ٵҶͷ
Ұ
ûˣˣݳȾҪˡ
Ժ͵ѼԾͺӸ
ݳȾСƺȱǶ࣬ҲȫȻûŵ㣬͵Ƕ˸ãûаԼݺȺõ͸¶õҲӦõġ
ܵˣݳȾʵЩС
֣ʣΪʲôܣ
ݳȾͻȻͲ֨ˣͷ֪ʲôﻹץųһͷѼ
ƶǰűݲļɲԼ
ڲҲһöӣҪͱ
ױӮһ¡
Сƺ˼ܱܲôأֻҪʵʵĲҾܹ뱲ӵĳԺﵱԼҾͺˣʲôͳԣѧѧţ㿴ʹίԼһټҹٶٲóӸС
ҸֲһġݳȾߡ
Ҳİݴָʹйоλˡ
ԭծֻԸⱳǲ֣ݳȾûĵģǾҪԡƸ롯ݳȾԼ
СƺͦᵽƵɶ㵽ҲŶ˵֮ġ
ݳȾҲ֪ûİοǱȸղź˵㣬ô⣬Ͳ鷳𣿡
ɫһ㣬䡣Ӯһ̲Ϊ
ݳȾ˸Ʋ죬û䣬ֻǲĻΪһܲ
ӮԸͲܣȫԲ⣬֮ȥĶңڲӮòҲ̫ϲɡ
ӮͷˣСӼҼұϹ´˵£ģûԱóӸסŰһ
ݳȾҷӮѾ뿪ͤ
ЩţҲС


63 
һ˯ر,Ƶ˲ѡ
ƿɴʲ֪ӮСūϴ档
ſڴߣСµӻ¶硣
Ӯ,Ѹֻ̽Ӯš
Ӯһ,񵲡ѹ,һǳɣץסεֵ֣һĶͷ,ǵڼˣ͵Ϯ͵ϮǰɣСֵûţСʰ㡣
ÿ״򲻶̫ǰжֻϿ˾С
Ȼʲôָ޵УҪǶҲͲУͲעʱʱľҪ͵Ϯ
Ҫ˵۷ʱ,治¹Уڲ廹ûлָ,ҪǹˮԵúܲض֣ⶼˣҪȾıȣȾͱϳ,;ˮô£Ʋ˭ء
ЦŽԴƵţ¶Ͽ,ôʰң
˯һˣڴ󳨣¶ɫĶǶ
ϸףȴϾЩɰֻ̣ɫǳҪսſõ
Ӯָϻǵ״ιЩɰ̣˼ǲԶ
ôʰʰ£ѹʰھɰϸºۣ֬˱÷嵱ɻΪ
ȵϢ䣬
ڵһ¾ͺˣҪƿԼ뻢ڣѹرѡ
ûʲôʲôЦ٬
ⱡţβȾˣЩ˵ڵģ붼ûţӲ֪ӮʱĸܺͷӦˡǻ͸ˣ
Ӧ̫ɰˣǿŲ¶ӣѹ֪ԼĲƤѾȫ
Ӯſؿڣ֦Ц˻
ʵҲû˵ʲôŲù˵ʫ뽻ʱζѡ
ֱǧߣ졣
պܺкβףźߣû˵·ɽ
̧ף
ǰǰҾǸˣҾͰӮಡ
㣡
գڱͷӡ˶Ǹߵ¡
ϵСūתԲԴķ򣬿ڴֳһţ͸¸֣սСȭͷʹ裬ֿûгСͣˮδδʣΧܿʪˡ
һŽקŪҵĳǣˣˡ
˳´ϡ
ʱŮҲˣ˴˷ܲѵСū÷
.
κϸѪȾ߽ס
صĲ˳ӣȴڰ·ϱūΧˣū֮֡
κϼҲչ⣬طﻧūָĸ֡
κĸ塢ߴԼ̣˱ŻĮ
·ͻȻܶʿ嶼ûӦκϾûˣ
κ֮һκϿ壬ǻһ׼ôıˣ
ȥɽɱǼ³κ󣬺ܶΪ˱ǣҲκ붼ֽٺңҺûиκͬȻѪΧ˵ľͲֻκˡ
κ֮߱ġ͵ͼֽ֤ʮǧ˽ĸ塢ıھ»˹ʱڰ·лǣĳԱǰνӺӮҪˣͿɷֵܽüλ
ѹκլۡᱻѪϴǴ治ݵ¡
κЩ״ʱµͶںϡ
ʹ״ݺᣬԼΪ֮׶δܼʱκķģʧ֮𣬿Ӯϣһѱһ޵Ŀ
˷׷׹¿ȰԵӮ飬һ뷢԰׵ϳų⸱С
֪ϷӮȻͬϣҪϺԼߣǲŽзŻɽճɴ󻼡
κ֮޸ɣ𣬡ˣǻϽ
ԽһһҽŲϺϷ
ɲôκһҪβ
ôõĴˣ͸ʹˡ
ȥ߾ԼӺɱ˹ģ˵ԾȻҪ֡
ߵϷһɱйߣһլһĶ
ɱԽ࣬ʹҲԽࡣ
ѽٽլǺ󲹵ģһ͵ﶼκԭķء
ǿﻹ纵ģԺж׹˻ھӡ
լӵڳڣȥǺܴ󣬵ƾԼµõģСҲˡ
ûʸլҲ˱Ķӡ߾УҲȥлء
ľЩСԭǵͼݣָʲôΪһٱû뵽ʹ͡
֮ǰϵķرջأͬǷָﻧūҲɣֶκϵķأҲͬˣصﻧūϣͬĴѿͷѹžʯҲס
Ӯھк䶼ߣ˱˵Ǳ
Щٴʿʮּɵ֪ͻֵԼ
͸˺ϵıʿ˵ӮѹƵԽʿԽ£Խ뷴
Ϻҡڲɼ֮ǰб̵ɣѾˣֻӲͷƤѡվӮߣ׸ŷ
뿴Ӯڽ/Ļи·ӣǺߡ
.
ģּʹڵִӺ
.
΢¶Ӯƿ˸չһ½ǡ
һ͵͵ġ˯ѵૣûżȥӵűµˣһֻ̽ȥ͵֫ᰴѹ۵ĵط
Ĳ䣬Ժʲôʱˣ
ҹ˯Щۣ۾
磬˯ӮĶͷ
鵽Լǵõ˼ΣЪµʱѾ԰Ұڴˣ۶˯۶׼ʱ׼ˣһһ̫ȭ;ˣⲻһûãִ󣬹ƽҪ˯ϴָܻ
šϵζⱧ֣ҡ
ѣצƵĽ˽סº󱳣أ˯ɡ
ĺƽСĽɿϸںñӣٰѴʺϣĹ©ȥһŷĵĵ̫ȭ
ȥϴ֣ӿڻϳԡ
ʹ͵ˣסݣûżԷҲûԼʹҪԽӼ
ӵȨڴ治ʹΪʲôׯ榻˵ɱɱأϸвɸ˵ĽףͲòˡ
ӣ˯СūҲˡ
Сһ۾һٿޣ۵ģݶƿ
ˣ
һԴææһڰ
һ޲ðҲѣղӦĸŵġ
ĸСūں壬Ѿˡ
ϡĸ޴롣
ɽźĶ֪ܳŷ˯ĸҲŵģСͻȻͿޣ뱧ȥľϹ
ӮӹѾССһĸ˵ˣû£ȥɡ
ĸӦ¡
ʱҲ³ڴǷ
չְСū°ͣü⣬ཱུġ
ӮץСūСֻ˻Σ׸ǸǸòãȻɤģС˵Բ𣬶ԲԭǺòá
һס죬ãǾͻ۸ҡ
ͼԩκͱסˡ
˭Ϊ
-----------------------
л˵껨ˣֱζѬˣ˵Ժڹ껨Ͳſڲү¯ˣ˵һүҲǻܱҷ𣿣


64 
ʱľ,ںѴķѪҲֻܣһܾڹ,ѪУ
е㲿ǽһ,ǳ,ҲʱĶһݣϴǱ͵ͼֽ,ӮŻôŭκʱҲ˿
֮ǰ;ѡǿɻڶӣɽְֽʹûڡ
ڻڶѾգھ츳Ի飬˵ڵױأҪС͸ˡ
ⷬһͱϷºף˵ʲôأҲϹ۵ģ˾һߴȥѡڶӲģ뱻ѡϻ,㵹࣬Ҫǲͻȥλӳˡ
ȻԸ,̱ˡ
ⷬǴӮһţ԰ôѻ兩ˣ
ûϢڻͭ
еͭڴǱʿռ,ӮһûУҪǮͭ
·˰Ӫ̣г쾴ӱ߾˻ݱ,Ҫһͭˡ
չϡκϼҲǲ٣ⲿǮԤŷչõġ
֮ǴԺƽĺҲܶ飬ǿǿǸ
ϴΰܳɹԺÿ괺춼һ˲ţҲûʺϵʦġ
ʿǸ߰ҲвϵգԸԽݴҵģ֮ǰ֧ԺҲ١
ҽơ˰ЩҪǮָͷȥǾùûǮʮʿļҵ׶⣬Ǯ
ķѵսʱٱ˾ѾǸ⣬ԻҪԤһǮʱüë˻òǮ
ܴŻǮɻ掠ҧճ̡
ڵľ飬оˣֻҪͼֽԼʵĲϾִһܿ϶ǲģɣãըŲƻ̴Լڰڡ
ڵ⻹ǲĿǰΪֹʹѣÿһ/ҩҪʡãҪһӪԾ޷ʵ֡
ижʼһЩȻ兩ԼݵĻ˳ЩΪԭǳ򵥣ǽ/ҩͲڼβˣȼù䡣
棬ʱоַԪʱڵġû/ҩͲȼղһܷ伸öˣɱҲǿ
Ӯ·Ļ⻹һҲǵһֽӴЩ֮ǰԻڵˣֻж㣬Ӯȥʵֳ
ϣˣҵ
Ϊ·Ľվޣδ빤֮ǰڳרŸֹģվտַھӺ˶޽˹Ҳ֡
֮ǰиСûھǾ޽ͽ뵽ĵӣ޽ҲûоӹڳϵĻ㱨жд˵ģΪӮνλ˼ĳСŮ
ǡһķĻ/ҩУײпƶӣоǻװãȥȻҪࡣ
Ǿ޽ͳŮͨڷƳĻûлڴ󣬵ԱȽ
Ӯ޽ܱߵͷοܼ˼淢δĶ
Ⱥڵ
˵Ǿоǵĳ⣬ǵĲȱʲô˵ҡưֻҪҵĶҲõľѣȱǮ˾ʹ˵ʹҪ
ȥǮƵĻҲֵãڲлڡ北㲻ܴװӣҲɾΪɱС
˵͹͹ҲǴɱ
޽æǣ
ʱԹǺܾصģҲʱīĴ壬༯ڳ׻ǳӺӮҲֻĽķݡ
ûϵ֮Ӻв֮˾Ͷˣִ仹ڳУ΢͸¶һݶЩϲ֪ʶ˲֮ͣһĻ̺˲Ŵܳ
ʵ北ӮѰͲס⵽ĿյأƽʱʵĵطܿиǽлΰңҪ޴ĻھҪȥ鳡ǱѪһУرء
ͭƵĽз˵࣬׼ΰҡ
û׼׼ͷȫӾָУǰڹרѧǹָлУס۶µİһը죬ҺǰŲȻ䶼Ҫˡ
Ҳը䣬̫ˣȥĻ/ҩҲɢСʱĻ/ҩǹ࣬Ҳը죬ð̣/ҩŮɢ
Զվţ˫ֶŶ䣬˲ǰ
ΰˣҪֱӴϿ˲á
ôҲ̾Ϊ
ȥݵĻھѾ۽ˣҲʱʿ岻СӮͶʲôţš
ӮЦģҲǽǰ˵Ĺվھ˵ļϿ硣
ż˵ЩǳͶĿִ˼ĽѧѧʶḻʦĳӮҪǳβ˵ĻβͿ϶ˡ
벻ԣ¶ȻδȥĻ掠ݹȥ
صͷ˵Ҳᣬҡ
Ȼҽ̣㻹˭̣
ӮǰӺΧסְֽվջ率
˵һӮںһְֻס北ֹ۶ʱ̫ͣû˵
ַԣŰȲҪѹ׼ӡԣ׼ˡ
ϸｲţû˿ͷҪ˲Žһ
Ժܸߣ˵׼ٿ۶ʱס˺ȼ˲ָѹ顪͵ײѹסˣֻ΢ζһ¡
书¼ҲһǹıӮҪá
Ӯ̹ƣֵ̫ˣ츳ҵһδǹʱѽˡ
ģ
С䣬Ҳڻ¡⽫°͸߸̧𣬶ԼҲԺ
Ժǹ֣˵ġ
һЦ
Σ掠ĽܶˣӮҲ򣬽兩޽ȥ
⻹ò񫣬ȥ𣿡
תͷʣ˫ġ
Ӯ䲻ܾ̾ڹԲˣɱ̫׳¹ʡ
ҴȥУԡ
ãڶܳߵ¡
ӮҲ֪ϲЩɽӰŵЩģ;İ̹ˡװ׳սսӲĶĳ谮Լִ֪ģͣҲ߹á
ֻЩʱ˵̫Ƚ˵ɣٹһǧ궼δС
.
ݵʹߵĲǹټǽ䣬¡
⽻ʵǺӵģһûøУףն˵ġ
Ǽգ˥Ҳ
ݵˡߵš
ڴµ̾Ϣ
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л˵ȥɽݣ׷ˮ߲ײɣҪ׷ͲһͷߵĲݴԣס˳һƨžģһȥҪץˮߣ˼ˮûӰ˺ɵ[]


65 
¼ǵӵĶʢʱ,ϽҪӭʹߡ
գ۲ʮ꣬ӵϾ˥ѳɿ̸
Ĵ,Ȼĩ,Ӯһٴĸ/,ʵλѲͬ
һһԹǣ,ʮƷصĴ󶹼ڡ١ڡƷͶ͡
⣬ڸֻΪ򵽸ǣǰȮֶԼɧŽıԹ̶ӸԴҪμǣ̷ÿճ۵İǶޣƾûûˡ
쾴ӱ߾Ӻ֮,̶Ҳ¢ϵľ汻ƣһʼӮûнⳡս,̷Ϻϵ̣棬¢ϵֻг
ǳǵϸһϵĴҲԵ÷ǳ,۸񻹰һ¾ͱϸгڳڷζˡ
ݳ,±ĿĦеĹס
һˣ΢֮û۹·ȴƳҪּ⻹ûϢѾɵõˡ
˵׼̣Ҳ*ĴȥˣһıʲôԼȥĻ޷֪϶Ҳȥ
ƱȨʱԹͬʱ߾ʱнսʱƽ߾Ҿ֡
ڳ޺£Ӯ/һǿһգǲۿŽȳǿġ
߾ңֹؼʱ뱻Χ˵վ
յ󣬾»˶Խһ顣
ݻʻֵĽַ¸׵Ķͣüľһű֮
ۿŹսʢհҵʺ࣬Ұ͵ĺҪС
.
ȥʮջ𣬴ӹǳǺμǳ֮Ͱŭ𷢵˶Ͻκϡ
Թı߾κڱ߾˺üСģͻκУ߾Թһʳ
ԹĲǣŮӸ
ԾŮҩɬںҩ֭һƲǡ
̧ҩ֭Ĩȥ
ȥ꣬࣬ɫףհݣñͲڵòԵøƽӹ
δ˵ӮԹ޺ãùϵøӶӣس;л׷ɱĸȫˣһȴҲķΣÿտҩ
̿͵ûв鵽ӮҲɳǸµ֡
ޣڲܰôԻصĲ֮ӧȥκ¸˵κʿݺ߽ʤı֮ġ
κͶɣʤӱ߾ٻһʱ߾ȺףԹץסᷢ𹥻ֱӾκôһ̡
ãܳ£ûټƽӺ֮¡
ȼֽңӺţʹѵִӺӮضḰ»ˡ
Ѱû뵽ģȻͲŹ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣
³һϵֻȭָǶģ۵塣
ʱ⴫͵ĵȰʲô˻ȥ֮Ļ
Ծһգ˭棿
㣬ҡ⴫һ΢ϸ
Ծüͷһ壬ͽ֮˸ߣȴߣҹԾ
һãֵܽ类ˣΨһµľСͱ͵á
ĸ׵̥ԸвǸѪĸ˽֣֮ͨ㲻񸸾ֱӴĸ׿ధűסõһ
ĸ׾ýӻظС
ĸ׈İã󣬵ʱĸ˰ױĸԼҲзء
Щ̣ô꣬Ϊֵã濼ˣû顣
ĿķʹĶǡ

ֹסŸ֨һ죬űƿϵĹȽŮӮϸӰͶ/档
Ӱѩµȹɨżӯӯж磬ĵŮСɣ촽ˮ󣬱Ǽ΢죬飬Ҽ
òŮ඼ƽӹΨò绨ûйԹ仰
òȴǸӶ񶾵á֡/Ů۰
궼ʮˣȴûбйһǰĸҲסڽĸײܸһʱ
վűߣĲǰ
Ծͷɨһۣʲô£
ʮ볯Ҳһĸײ𰵽Уʱ𰻹ǸСѾͷ
ʮֵС˵ҴһʼҲܺǲϲã׼ȷ˵ֵãƾʲôҪȥӣʱҲ꣬ĸ׿пɥ
ĸΪԸ¹󸸾Ϊε󸸾£˵ĸﻹǲҪɱ磬ĸ׶û̫ӦΨ𰣬ĸױֳѰ⡣
ʮ𰵹ǿʼˣֻҪؼңܶ𰶼ҪĲ
𰱻ŵһۿֹ̧ˮӿ
û¾ͳȥˣҪϢ
ѾԼˣûоҲû𰣬պҪĸΪԼȡ֧֣Ͳ⡣
ûŲһСʱ㶼ڼңҡҵġ
ɫ٣ӵĿһֱ޵ﵽԾϣֿûߵҩ롣
ȥԾվ
ͷǰС˵˾ʲô޵ĸ
㡭Ըߡ
֪ԾƢʹɫһˣ֮뽫ȥŮˡ
㣬ĸ˵綼֣㶷ģʱʾȫҪ
ž
Ծ߽һƴѩ׵С̸ӡˡ
ҪסȥͱࡣԾֲ
㶵ģѪ˿ҡҡ׹ûб˼ֻĸߵżȻἰ͵ˣĽԲŻ˵
Ծδִ𰣬ˡ
ΪԼ˭𰣬ҲȰңǸмͷԹͶҵģҪ͹ܺԼ죡
𰱻ͷ̵Цŵ֨Դǧأȥ˾̧¶һδĲ͹ľ׵Ǿ֪жˣ紵һ¶ᵹ
ű۵ĬĬ˳ȥ
ŭԾҹɫĵӰĪꡣ
ʮ꣬е飬ֻԸϡ
Щɢ춵ҩȥ
ǡ
˳ȥ첽ȡҩ׷𰡣
һߣŮûУȥ·谵ŵߡ
ŮԴδϣͲܱΪŮӣΪ·ֽҩŮӷԸģūŮԺ
𰽫ҩڻֽӹϵĵԼţϸԼܻȥˣýЩЪϢ
ĸ˵ҪΪþ˾ָ֧㲻ԸȥΪ˽㣬ĸԸ
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л˵ҼҸһƬݣƾżССĹȥǱ棬꣬ճһݵĴ̻ˣĿ챻ˣʡģ


66 
ټ˵ϵŮ顣
֧ܳ,ӳӿʼϾ볯ӶԾڽĵλԪ,λȻ,ӦҲǿڱϵϡ
,ӮŶ鱱ϣƺƵһ,ǧ
ȣҲż·ֻ峿ʱڹٵʱ̫ʱöͣϢ
Ͱıĵطͭ׵һһеʹӺŮҲзݡ
·ϲժҰƳʮʿڣÿ˶ֵܷһС룬˻Ұζ
һ㱱ϻ˵ĽȸжûУͣ,ֵѲĶ飬˾ͷɢܲժҰҰ˻ϹӴԣõĶԵҰáҰЩСҰ,ϾܼӲ͡
м׳ūͻһͷܣͰƤƤ׸Ӯٸóһζĺơ
ӮһӷΪȥĴܳȣһߺԺ,α߳Ա롣
Ƴģ,ܽҲֱܱ֭࣬ʳã˲˽ʳΥط
ͬзʹ߿Ž֧Ѱ·Ķ飬һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôֻܱ쵱źò飬Ȼôȵ˭ܵˡ
ĳʮ˵ã·ߵҰ˶ôóԣӺƼȱأ춼ĳԣǲţ˲ŷģǼǳԳˡ
Ӯ¡象ԽźͳӺʱŻȥ˻ȥ
ΪϺǹ˵ʵͲӺóھ͸¡
ҡҡλΣӮеڳɽѣһ͸˾ͳʺɫҰӣһĺѣָͷôڸƫᡣ
ʹժģ·ʵûĹӳųԵģҧƾͱ֭ζˣһš
ޡµòˮڡ
Ľ䣬ݳȾһڿУСģȫǶʳϡ
㲻Ǹճ˷ģָָǸȡ
ݳȾһֻʳСޣתȥȼڿй⣬Ƶģ˲ĨĨ졣
ȣҲһаϲѺóԵ
ӮһСƺԻ/ҩ˰˵ôǹ
ݳȾűʹţһƲʼڴӦȥɱʳջ˵·ϸŪֺóԵģͷһȾͬˡ
Ƕ˰ˣôûҿɲĸȥ
ֻҪ뵽ȥῴͺ£üΪʲô³Ҳ˵ڳǱǶʱԸģҲñҪˡ
ҿʳķ뱩Сĳ˫ܻǽ˵ǰᣬһ϶ԥԽӵ
Գıʮ˽⡣
Ӯȥͷָϵƣϼи˵һݸʮݾȨٵ
ԭ˫һݶûУӦʲô룬ʲô¡
߿߻شݳȾ˶㼱ʲô
زˣ֪СƺԳĿ־Ѿγ䡣
ݳȾһŤͷ˵
·;ʵģ˰Ӯƨɶ쿪ˣڶܣ˵Ľ߲ͨʺִˡ
ָҡݳȾࡣ
ݳȾ裬˫ֻأҸⲻľҰǰɣò绨Ҳܴģİɣ

ӮĥĥץҹȥСƺһ첻ϷߣٿϹ˵˵ӻȥ
ݳȾƾԼٽ§ԼͻǲмƲš
ҹȥˡ
㣬˵ͱ˵ˣֻʣҸ㣬Ҳϲ㡣
ӮλεĳǿҶԼòĵݳȾСƺߣӾҪ̣Ӯǧĸһȥʹ˼³СƺȽû¡
Ƭ̺ݳȾʵˣڽ顣
һɽʱѾ͸ˣҹΣķҰ޳û˸·
ӮͼóԱȹԭͼٽĿ»ƵϸͼɽֶעˣɽλڽҲһеıؾ֮·
Թû̲κ߾ĵ̣;κٵ·̻ôһȦӽ붼
˵κɳˣκĵλʮ΢ԡ롢Χһֻ뺫Ͷ˳
λñעӮͼ
ѾƮ𷹲˵ζǹཹཹе֧һŰ棬ԱǺͺõڶԤŰӣ滹гɿѼ
ǴÿһһѼӮҲûóӸԼСһԴµҲ࣬Ҳ㣬ʡ˳Ӳ¡
;ԭκϺϵķأֵﻧͻָūеӭԼдҲóӲеϣס
ӮﻧڵﶼЩʲôûкһ㣬ԺһҪСѧ֮Ļ
ƽͷպʱܹŴ˵ĿǹȻôǰǱڿ󴫣϶ЩĵĹǲԲŹ˵ǵģǾϲ⣬͸ɱˡ
Ըʳǵ⣬ӮˣǵҲѣòײµʳܵεǮָǣ͵Ǯʳˡ
Ǵδй̻˽˰ʱ䣬ٱҪҰʳ˾ߣĶᱻֱߣ˶۵ġ
ϰ˫Ǯ˫ͨ죬վԭؿŶ뿪ֱһ㶼˲Żؼҡ
ʱθʹ߶˺ӡҲ˼
ڳõǻǮģ治Ͳ˵棬Ĵӿų󣬵ζһ㶼ڶ㣬ҧһڶ֭
Ӯûڼӣϯضһڰһ
Ի죬˱ҲƵûţԱ֮Ǹԡ
貵ǺҹգŲӿ˰죬еڼҵ
ϵӰݳȾ֪ʱ˹Ӯ
һ쵽ûģˡ
ͣ㵨ôСݳȾʲô˲õܡ
ûСһ־ͰĸƢθͳ
£ݳȾһ㶼ںǰ뻹мӣ۾ֱˡ
ֵֻӣӮθֲ˵ȭͷôһ붼ѾܱˣʣµĳԲˣԱߵţҲûô
֪СƺֲԼȥӶҪͰʣƹȥҳԲˣ԰ɡ
ݳȾʿˮӲʣľ͸ң˭ϡ
СƺԸôŤϡ
ݳȾʲô˼ֻΪҪù
ϰնԲϷ㻹ߣҾΪѰ˰ɣ԰Ǽ̣ʳ
ԶԶԣϿҳ˰ɣϻˡ˵̲סҪˡ
ʳݳȾС˹ľ飬ҵطʳ
ˣȻƾ;п϶¶ˡ
ʱһֻҹɫڻھӮԶʯͷϣӮһֱ̧ͷɹˣצϰһСͲǾš
ҹ룬ѲͻȻͣ£ſö˼˲ɫһ䡣
٣ȥϡ
-----------------------
л˵ҾͰ㶫صϰС⣬ʶֻҪǶѹ۸񣬺ҲȶԼûʡͣҲûôƣҲдɱֻѼ⣬ݵ裬Ūɽ¶ý[Ц]


67 
Ϯڶ,ڣҹɫ㱻ûз̫졣
ٽ˲ű,ʱʾ
Ƭ֮˫ɽȽս,ʸ,ҹա
ڼͣɽȼصűײĽͱŭ
һСöƳìĲ໥Ӯڵĳ͹,ʬѻɽѪζڿУͬƽǰƴҪݡ
ĳìݺƥ򾪻Ŷ̤㣬ߣקųݳȺڼѸٵͣٴνì֮ķѡ
ѵĳֻľɽӮ·ӰӶûм,ǿճ
ʶϵ˵ĺڼ׾ŭȴѾΧȥ,źըڼͬƶɳȥԶضǶ֫бۣѪ,ŵĹƣ˸Ļľ
Ӯɽһߵʯ棬С̽Դ۲ս֡
ڼ϶ֵزˣ
ֶ֮Ҳû̫ȷɫ,׻Ҫ˵ǸʱĴص۹ԴؾȫԱԺڼףʵˣسкɫǲ٣Ҫ˵ȫڼǾеˣµСһĻ׶ˡ
ⲻǺϵ˽Ҳ۲һƶ
һտϳۣ˼װƿӺһľ²ܡ
ӺӮֲű·Ҫ治֪ô򣬶ӮǽӺ֡ԼúûӺƫִڳ֮ǰǼԵġ
ӮԼԴۣɵ˲ŻѧӾЩװվȥˣ硣
᲻ˣҧ׺ݣͷˣӡ
ĿǰҲ޷ȷ´û˵кڼױ˻ɣӦûٱӮթһʰɣһӮء
ͳҪԣӮǾͳ鴤
ֺʱô⽨š
ͷҪʱ򡭡ˣһѾ
²Թ׵ѷˣһҲ
Ӯٴ̽ͷ۲Σڼ˵ҲһϳӶֻаǧˣûͻҪˡ
ͱͱ£ʣȱˣӺûУ
֪ϻʱ£᲻ǰ
ǰ³ǧӺУǧѾֵùСģսˣֻҪԷɴɨͺܰȫ
̧ͷϱߣһ
ˡ
.
Ӻǡ
ǽ֮ĻһѪȾ˵µ̨ףӭչ졣
ıʿڳ£˽ױΧ˹ס쾵ˡ
˽ǿڶֹ࣬鱨е
ųﻮô꣬˵
޳ܼı쾱ڹʯϣŭĿԲ·ҷ
Ҳ˼УµҲԼҰģǵ۱ŷȨƵĿû쾵ŭϡ
ȵ³ɣٽѺͷȫǰյ潫ǧУҪЩ֧֪Բк³
ȥլۡļױϻأȴûдغҪˡ
լۡһˡ
ֻϣ֧Ӯʿжˣϡϡϡլۡǿյġ
͵صĿһЦĳ쾣ɫӦԡ
쾺ǺԨͼԶ㣬ϵзģϲΪ߳
ὣھɱ˳쾣ʱȴϢ
ڵļױڳǣȥ֧ԮҲңΪһڣҪǲסлѣָӺѪˣ˽ذܡ
̧ͷ̨ҧȥۣ
ͬʱͽūϹŲ֪˺Ĵͣſڡ
ɸǴ󳵵ĺڲһƣ¶Ķ
ͫ΢һ
иһֻ޴Ļޣצӷì
ձ鶼ͭʱǺϡȱĶֻгұŵóĹеǿ󣬴ųһּлޣֻǴš
ݳȾʧ֮ȸ̨ڳҲ̽κϢ޻̶дģҲ֪˭ųϢ
ӮһƵͼֽҼһ۾ϳˣȻеĿ־岻ȵڷᡣ
ӮҪĻҪֿڣ޵Űûκθ߿Ƽ¾ж磬ʱûţʶˡ
ǧʱգйִ˶ȽֻΪֲ˵ԭЩķʧʷ֮Уִֻһ˺ܷ⽨󡯵Ŀ̰ӡ
޵צ̤ϵ棬˲ҳһӣѵʯ·ɽ
쾴ƴҪŭƥ򣡲ͬı棡ҰģŸֻҪһһ빥ıҳ˳ЦλүĴΣ
죡ŲԼ
쾵ͱһŲԲۣı
ڣԪ첽ǰͥѪǷ봳ļױɱµġ
г޵Ѿ֪ˣצ֮£ѵֿ
Щż㣬㡭
Ȱʱ룬ɻ˵ڡ
ׯ榱СūһߣǱСū
ҪӺ
ͷװû/ҩץ˸ߵͭת֮ĹŮǼ˿ס
Ŀ棬統ꡣ
ԪƶţҲȥ
ׯ榿һۣҲȥӡ
𣿡Ʋ̫İСūһˣ˵ĵϸ
С

ƿֻӵСūһҧһţѡ׷⡣
ſڣڸ翹赲˻޵Ľ
¥һϻûУڱתڿֱӺͷޡ
ȼյͭڿгһ춯ؾ죬޵屻ըһ룬¶渴ӵĻع죬ַĦתյ㣬û취ټ¾ЪˣӴȻء
ӮֻչʾͶĻڣֻᱬըлը¥ıը/ǲ֪ġ
޵ڵϳһͭڵ޴۲ŻĻޣĵƣ
쾴ӷȿЦ
Ѫɱǰֻʱó쾣˫۳ָӼױ
ɱ¥Ӱһɫ⣬еͭͣ͵ĿױѪɫܿȾ˽۵棬εδ䵽档
ɱӰԳŵ飬ûвзϣ
ų̧ͷ˲һƺڷɱ紵ǰڱǼ⣬һССĺ룬ֽСī㣬涨رɫ·һīĻŨīزʣڵׯأ쵽ҫۡ
żĻûз̫þǱڳǵ˽ױѪĶ֣ܿͰĽٲ˳űذܣעһٱѣ¶·һΪֻȫˡ
ɱ
ױΧ⣬ͼסɱ
ϵѪЦţҾȡ*
ԽսԽ£ɱԭԺѪԣѾܾûˣΪ뱲ӱҪıй͵û뵽촹վӮôһˣúҳӮѪ
⣡
еͭŵĽײһ飬ŲУˡ
˫۳죬ŭ˵˭ڱǰΪ飬һȴһҲ𣬹էѴ棬ӮҲλˣ
㵱飬ҲδǺģ
ٴλӽȥŵĸסŵѣûսˡ
ױţһʱỹ׷ϡ
ڵļױһ˹롣
űĸʱ˹׼ȥ˽ϡ
⻹ͷޣֻҪ˳ţӺ;ա
ߴӮѶγ˭ٷ޼¡
쾹˲Լˣײײ⣬ˡǣҲǣ֪ôƺˣˣҴһȥ׷
̷ڳǣκ˲ֻƣ϶ΪһĻԷǣȥɽͻӪ֧ԮѾһ͵նɱ
ȥֲĻͷ۲ŴҴ
죬ڼҼһŽգ̷ַҲ֡
ϰո֪ô£Ǹչӣôʹˡ
ǲǱߵȮɱ˰
ӺȮҪǴҪ
û˵һסͣ㲻ҪˣֻҲ˵
˵ãƼ֮ūûк³Ȯϸǲҡ
˺ҹɱͱըͣЪ
ӴСĿ̽ͷַһˣܿʹӾͷ
ı棬ѳǱӣṩѳͣѲѳͬ
Ŷ
ı棿
Ϣİնֹǿǽʿ壬ô벻
֮⣬ӺͻӪսѪѾȫڳǣѲصӺϣͳ춼ģһ㶼ûдʤ̵ϲá
ֻսҵʱǶûл³ѪĻڡͻ若ǻںͻѳµѾը죬վǽͷȡ
ѾĻȷʵһԼߵĻھȻܽͷƷ
ǰ´̣ڲͬɱ˾ܻþλլӣٲҲн鱦ЩҲȥغլӡ
ԭȴӱձ֧ūڶͳ⻻ǰ붼ġ
ЩȴӾĺζ̣Ҫȥر߹أΪֻҪǱ̴߲򣬴Լ˾λԼĺͲǺţʵֽ׼ĿԽ˭ŲսǾȫĵˡ
СѾĲ֫һӽװ̧ߴ̫ͳˡ
Ϸ彻ˣһѪɾԼҲй
ҲثʺϲȺġС˵Ųű߼ʵĻ
ֺɶɻ㻹⡣
˭ӻɱҪ٣ɨսܷô
С˴һºף¶뵱׷󽫾ԹĴβǴȫʤҲûеùʲôͣ󽫾˰ˣЩ²Ҳա
ľɲʣˣǵĴ󽫾δǰǲ˵ڣ˵ҲΪԼɲе
űլۡҲ˸׳죬ûзֺŵӰ
ѪڳĴ
ʱͻȻһط㣬κլۡܵ
κǴܵӳǵġ
һȥκլۡܵķڹ汻Ūˡ
ûƥһ֣ƺ޵
ϵķűضӻ˷׼Ͼɲս
ָỮͼ򣬱
ȾѪļо֪ŵսܼҡ
ƸƬط
ܲˡ
һֻɳܿҹɫ߷ȥ
.
ɢ¶ɽصʬ塣
ŨصѪζѬӮʯŻ²ֹԴͻͻۡ
Ѫȵսһִ˵ǹڴ̼ˣܲˣθ﷭ԽȥĶ˳ݳȾСƺЦ
Ҳ̫ˣС治ϲʲôĻǰһȭܰǽϿٶٲӲˣӡ
ݳȾһİıܵ㣬һϲļ
µĻڵأֻСƺûս
ݳȾˣ˵ЩҲ±
ݳȾܺ棬ﲻ̲ˣڸ˰û̡
Ϊ˵ѡ
Ӯøϻ¶ˣʰ˾͸Ͻ뿪ط
ڼױһ֣ʣµĳˣû׷
þ£Ī׷ĵǶģ˵ڻиҪҪ
ȥĵ
ƨĻˣѹûȥһвպϵĻӡ
ϵķغοĿģȻգ⣬ҲԼһзɶġ
װģ˳ǣҸطȺϹٷغӦϣ˵ŽضҪȷѾϲŻж
ھе㵣⣬ӺϢ
-----------------------
л˵껨ҪٰߵԺ棬Զؼˣ΢Цģ΢Ц


68 
ڸĵ;,ӮյӺĴš
֪һ˳ųһ
Žؿڣ·ܸܵдʱдֽϵ¶ȡ
¡象ԽҲ׷յ˴,Ϣһ𿴾ƴ˵ʱӺǱΧȫ
ڸӮֻ,ϸڶδ˵,Լ˶дֻ˵˺ųҹ,ӺǰȻ
ͻӪҲ
ӻѸټɲͻϮĳǳأȴر֮رŸͻӪŵľɲлƴͻΧΪܵԾŵԹڼףɴӱߴصϢ䲻
Ӯû
žŭܿͷӦԼȦףֻȻ̱дȥĻȻ
ıʿȰӰ,ɽڲûա
ŵļҲ׷վȰڲӣȱΧ,ӾˣһʱʧܲҪǿȥԹѰıӻֻȥ,΢ҲӣͲǱΧɣֻҪס,պͻܶɽ
ǰףӰɡ
Ѿ·ϣŹ׺ͺϵġ
ΪԶ֮ƣףӰɡ
ıʿͶټɫųۣòŲߵ߻֡
ŮӾ˽֮£ʣͶضϲ
ھɲıʿİ£ЯҾӳС·ֻʱӡ
Ӯʱ֮´ȥ׷˫ڵչҪסʱһ˳ֽžߣֻ޶ԭأΪ󻼣¾͵նɱɾ֮ŸȥӮϡ
ı棬ҳһţ񾪻ʧ룬ԼҲᱻҵ׷׹£Լ֪飬ֻںϵγɻѡ
Ӯ氲ס񣬳ŵֻҪûвҵһɲ׷ȲҲ鴦ãֻЩ֪ڹĲŻᱻԼ̡
οչ⣬ıһ³䶨֮١бꡯ˭ʺϵ̣֮ǰŵϺϣǽͷݲ̫ھͲ뽫ο󵱳ͳȥˣΪ˹ƽǡбꡯףƾ
ϵطָλҲūģҾֺܾƽˣڿɿطΧڣҲȴһ׮£Ӯ԰ĻӺˡ
ݳȾһҪ㡣
ڿγͼֽοԺͲٻǮλӹˣʡһǮأƻһγ
ͼֽ̧ͷţ˭
ո·ɹˣҲˣ˫ȴ
ԽԽ˳ˣݳȾ̲ס룬Щ仯ǰ̫һˣǰıһǱɫͿ壬¹࣬𺣬˿˾ᡣ
ȸ̨ˡ
֮ǰ͹鱨ģһţ̫࣬¸ˣ˽
ЩԼݲĳԱб£ݳȾûмģЩ˶ԭòƶϣҲ֪ԭôЩˣȫǷУ
ºͯݳȾҲǾ˼ǲ
뷽跨뱩ƿأǱͨǰΪݳȾһȸ̨ݡ
ڳӮҲ׷ݳȾ֤ӮƽǲŸġ
˵ݣӮˣôС
ôСҪΪѿڶӦּʱ˿ڣȣǵ鱨²֪ϵļƻǰ˲Ƕ˹ûӺ֮󣬹һͣҪʲôǾᡣ
˶һۣлϣ
ûгͷУǲҪ͡
ݳȾץһϵķɳ
ǳӸӮרС죬̫ˣͳôһ̰ǣݳȾ̲סĺܣ֪Ӯ˵ҲӮĹ۵ԭ֮һ
ǣܺóԣģǿ϶ûԹ߳Ա߸ºͯһ㡣
ҧϵĸºͯͷһǲãּܲסݳȾӲ
ͬһȸ̨鲻һ㣬ݳȾʱºͯ跨
ɳ䱸ɭϣ߸ƣǸ޷ݳȾѣΪ˰ѳ׷٣Ҳ˲æ
ӮεĲ֪ǺãݳȾΪҲǺգ԰ɡ
Ļºͯͷʳ˵ֵĽҲǴǰûгζѹݳȾᵽкܶóԵģĳӻܶʳ϶ܺã⣬϶취Ū
ӮʣµĽƹȥȥ˰ɡ
СƺųԽ˻ָͷδ
ûҲǳˣݳȾˣҽܳȫɶ߷磬Ҳͣ죬Ҫԡ
Ӯæ˼仰ȥˣкСƵģºͯù죬ϲڵĹΪЧǾ͸Ը
¶£µӮ̷Ӻˡ
ػصıҲ۵ùǺƨɶĥ˲ſӺĳţڳӭӣûôá
.
ɴʻ˰ͣЪ
ſȴ֫Ѿ׵ĴٴαӶᡣ

µ˵˼¾ͻ
ӮҲԼǷˣĿ֮¾Ͱק˼賤ܲ˵ľͶסͣǣ·ƣûˣԼϢռÿһԼζ˲ſϰݡ
㡭
ϸϸĸıǼһ´žϸۣζ
ⱻˣָͷ붯šŵˡ
֮ǰҲйҹݵʱ򣬵Ӯ鳬Ѱ̵Ҫջˡ
ЪһᣬӮѹ£Ц»Ƕֿˡ
һû˵ʹң
Խ˼֮
ô
ûңˮ
쾲˫յĳһȥġ
룿ɿ֣ʼһ·»
֪ʲôһץס󣬡ȵòãҡеۡ
ӮûƣˣӽŵΣЩܲס
𣿡ҲӮ£˵۵ʱЩݡ
Ӯ֣ͣûڵˡ
һ½˱ס촽Ķ˵黰ŵͷҽһЩ¶ͿĨָҲиá
ⱻ˵Ķ䷺죬æתƻ⣺Щ޵Ĳкδã
û뵽žȻͷޣѪˣҲø
ʱǳӮҲû/ҩסֽҲǸǿܿ
֤ݰڵǰ˾ͻ¯ǺöҲ٣ܶڣҪллôһ񡣡
ҧҧԳ˸ε֪
.
ͬʱѾֵĳҲյ˺űܵϢ
-----------------------
л˵ʮĳѼӣѼˣϴδżҴûг꣬ƺ껨Ҳпڸ


69 
ϳūƣ
żʿĸ,رջأūܿģƶڽʵ
ûб,ʿ翹,ԸӮЭ,ɼʶѪϴκϡϵĺκһվ䷢
µһӦ,黹أٻǮ·еĴӶﻧָɵūΪԼ֣֣ͲһȺ壺ũ
Щûзµʿ˵취ֱܱӱջأ޳ָﻧҪǿԸܡ
ЩҡڲԸﻧūһͷʿ壬͵ŷϵﻧū,ױסʿء
ӮҲֻȥµﻧū߹˼죬ܿͷų,Ҳпԭȥط
ЩΪܵĴͽȺɽͼЧַʽռأӮֱɱѹ,ͽȫץù鰸
׼֮ͽԼ̣ǵѶƽˣһֱûսӺ˷˺ü졣
ūƶȷϳ,Ƶ̨ڿĸ֣ӮҲʱƳũߡ
⻹Ҫл͵Ƿݴ񣬻޵ĲкСɽһһʣµľũߡ
ִһЩƼٽϻڲĻе죬ٸ޽оһ๦ũߣɲжءո˸Чʡ
̫ˣôҲֻӺ;ͽļǳС
ũǱֻá
Ҳñ߽һЩ磬ţҲУ𲽰䣬ǲǺü干һͷţһ磬еһҲһ硣
ͭƵĶƣϰնƵũܶһЩ
գʵﻧֵصļطʳߣﻧ˰˰ǻ㹻һСԵ괺졣
⻻ǰ붼ģȥ궬ͶˣЩռصʿѹԸʳֻڲݸƤ伢
Щʳֳͷֻʿãʲôò
˰Ҳӯˡ
ӮĵľϰܲܳԱطϵûո˰˰֮ǰ֯һѲšµطѲ顣
ԱǴѡˣڳоλߣȴһɳ徢
ڿʼ߾һ¥ͬڹؿڣڵڿڳſ
Խ߾ɧŵȮ³ʵˣ̶ٳҲõıˡ
ȮֵȻ۲ǵĻ涯ֻ֣Ҫһġ·ѡ
ϹǳǺμǵ̶ӣȮ־ͲҪ·ˣЩ̶Ӷɻɣ޵ľȮ֣˶ȥ˺ҧ׺ݵǡ
ı߾߲лڣлӪͻӪ
綼Ҫָ¡
ϻ˽ٱıҲøӮջʿȨɣԳЩλûʵȨĴ
Դ˳ּң໥ǣơ
ѪӺͻӪԭš
ǷҪӮʹͺϲͳ˧
ûͬ⣬ָԪ˾֡ڣΪˣӵսʱָȨҲ
˻ӪӪͻӪϱ߾ӵѾʮþǺ¡
ѾǹȥĻԻˣⲢִڴˣĿǰ˵¾սҪġ
ӮȡۣΪơ
ԸӦÿ¿ãɱйܵ÷ͣս˳ܵõһʸ𣬻ܴӴ˲ý˰ŮԺ
ЩʩҲζӴĿ֧Ӯһʿ⣬һҪӹǮ
Ӷ࣬׬ǮķӣͿյˣﻹĸ/
ϵ̨ҲװзϣСūӮտȥУ
ʽıͼУѪĿںţЩΪӲӦ˲һĸ
ǰǱȷս˾ˣܵüǮͲˣܶ඼ûеģҪʿѹȣڲͬˣսΪʿ壬ΪԼˡ
ƼûˣﻹмңеأԽԽˣѵ뽫ĺӹø𣿣벻룿شң
룡
Ϸ̨Ϻ첱Ӵ֣µСñϷ廹
Ѫڵֹ˵ĺɽӣɱڡ
ǰƣΪľɲԪǸп֡
ǰһµļкһѳì
Ԫ㱨±ͼװϣƸƤģƬۣ֮ǰͭҪʵ࣬ͨıкѴ͸̫ˣĿǰֻװȷӪʿԾټס
Ǹв磬ž͸һ˵ͼף略䴩
ȷӪᱡףҲʤ㣬ʺоͼ׸ؼ󣬶ҪߣͽְʯĥĻǱ봩ˣûϾſˣʵء
ԪҲ¼ףϲ̵˾ֺͻߡЩ¼֮ǰ˸Ľˣ˵Ǿϵ׾ʲôöȽǣɶҲûš
˾ֺͻھ˲ŷɧʵӺͻӪҲỻװ
ǰֵһܻڡ֧梁ֺ˺ü죬ǶѵˣҲͼܴ£µСԶԶվſ۶ˣ֣ŶûС
ҡͷʧЦˣѪȷӪֲŶˣҪȫװǽȥҲǲܹġ
ɸΪ֮
Ҫܿ̽ͺˡ
˺ü˳ȥڶûϢֻȡ
˺ϵοǲȱǮҲʹáԪֹۡ
ҲǳԶ֮ƣڶǣ׻ҪԼС
ӮΪ·ģҲдŸĸϵ̶Ӷ⣬󣬾㲻ڽڣɱȥ
֮⣬ѲսҲ££ھ͸ˡ
Ԫͷ˵󣬾Ͽ϶Ūʱ϶ҲѪͷݶӺͻӪźϿؽʲôöȽѪ˾ֺͻҲûá
ǣܺãӮ֮ǰ˵Ҫһ֧ǿ
˵¶
Ԫԡ
ûʲô
УֱӻعĸȴУſڣһˡ
Ⱥˣĸˣֻһֱÿջؼҿ
ҽĸ׵ԺӣЩԣôôˡ
ȥ֮ŷ̶ƶڣ˷һĿޡ
̶ĸ类ѹϣԱ߻һȵŮӣԴ¶һη۰׵Ĳûһ̬֪ԷǸ˶
·ףЦֺżôһ£ȿûݣɫòãСūô
һһشˣȻŵø磬ʲôˣ
·Цݡ
ż˽˸ŮΪ檣һֱ˲Ժղű֡û˽Ϣ⴫Ƚôһ£Ȳ֪飬飬һǸǲ֪飬֪鲻˽泼ŮҪǱ֪ˣϣͬ㡢̶ƶҪۣ֪ڸģŮԤŽкŮϴá
ܶƹټңԭ뷽跨Ҫҵ±סһӣ·Բͨˡ
ֻҪгͷ಻ͽµٶȾԺܿ죬˵ֶ׶ӣȫ˵£Ҳһµȥ֡
ǣ㣬·Ҳû˽¾ʹãĸ˶
Ҫǵο̵׸硣
˿޶˳ûãղŶˣǧͬ⽫罻ȥ
·˵˸ܲסٴο
һ檣ŮΣ֮Ůܷһܼ֮ŮŮӰˣ˺ιץŲţǳҪҵĺ󰡣
̾ʣһ磬ԭִӻң˲Żô˵
磬Լ˵
嵽˵Ŀ֮УӲ˼˵Ŀߣ˵ĺݵɣȴ*ǽǿѪԵķϣöʣþʹˣ಻ų綼ǻ
ҡø֧֧죬ջѡԱҾһʱɫˣƯŶ˼һʼĲ֪ǺŮҲû˵ԼҲ˵ʧɢˣҼˡ
꣬δʾŻǲţֻ˵㣬ɺŮӦ֪ͬ
̼Ⱦ˵ޢָ׸磡ʲôôкκôȫָһ顣
ⴹҲͬ
㣡˱ɫͨ졣
һԵ粻ǹȥǸ²Ůˣֲ̧˲üëߣΪӣսΪЧˣڼҰ׳԰׺Ȼ֣ʲôٱıѳ㲻֪ǺŮҲˣǸ֪֪鲻Ǳ˷֣϶Ҫˮ
øԭҲģһ겻ھе˵ȥˡ
øĵͷΪԼ粵
ؿںޣ۸Ｘ۸ǰҲˣ
ʱվ㣬Ƚ͵ȸ̨Ǳ߻ͷ˵һ
˾ˣҪףԺǣʲôҲ볤ƶ޹ء
ȸ̨ıһ֮ص˶ᱻȥ
ƴ·˱˽غԺȥһ
￴ûҵ˭ҵҲУ˭ΪҸ飬һͬ
Ůʹ
øͺŮˣֱȸ̨ķ
ں棬̰;ˣǵ̲Ÿŵġ
¸·˵һ뿪
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л˵ǰɽݵʱ˳ں˵ӣͰﶼˣˣһܳԣֲˣιƣ˺µȻĺܷ񼦵ҪɽҰˣܱȥũҩǿҵ˻ˣֻ˹[]


70 
չֽӬͷС
ë֮Ӯϰдִ,ϣܱܣǱ͵ЩҲû,С׭ֻǲͦ,ҺܶҪͼֽ˰ֺӢ,Ƿš
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ˣ
ſֽ˹˱˸ḧŶԷԵڷһ¶ԷĶ䡣
ſţദʱ˴˵İ뾲ס
һŴӮļ̌ͷ˫ĴӮϡ
˵¡
ǾͰøպŮΪ檵˵,ûҪԽ˵Խá
ӮҲûôӦһʾԼ֪ˡ
ǲ֪ˣ
úñڴ,Ӯֹ̧һıǼ⣬Ц̶˴ȥȸ̨ݳȾСƺƨƨҸ״˵ϰͨ,Ҫıҵλأҽץͽá
޵ҧгݣݳȾ,Һ䷹ͱһ
Ӯһַֻϣһָֻӷֳס°ͣͷݳȾ
ŭҪվȥݳȾһս
ӳȥٲó˽ץسҿҸˮĲҿǸ֪ͨ˶鱨һҪľ
涯ŭˣӮæοʲôֲǲ֪ŸͷҾʹȥٲ˰ۡ
⻹䣬ǿɺޣΪЩ֮϶㿴ɱɱ
㣬Ӯһͣˣˡ
ߡ
ǻأӮɰᳶһӡ
ͷҽѵСƺõĲѧרѧЩӣѵ˸òãھͲˣҽһ춼û㣬ò׵˵ңܰ
ݳȾСͱȸֵ̨طѧʲôã۳ҲԹСƺ۵ᣬͷ϶ҪһĽģȻٳ㣬׶ԣľˡ
ֺߺŷҪȥݳȾ̵ͷſ
Сū𣿡ûлɽӿŮ
ׯ榱תһ죬ᶼ˯ˡ
Դׯѵġ»һܲżңһ鷿ͷɲ֪ҹӵ¶ûׯ֪Ķࡣ
ׯòҲϲСūӵһСūͱֵĺϲžٱıʱҲׯ榱СūܷĳȥѾɱǴСū治ƴ
ӮÿﶼܣӺģһиôô졣
ܾԼΪ˼ǵ̫٣ֲ֣֪۰Ӧ
ҲˣȥЪŰɡī͸ֽš
ӮǰУھ͸æˣԺѾճ̣һʿ֧
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̫Ѩûꡣ
̯һݶʾԼ
쾷ԣϿĳƪۣܾȡ
ͷ޵֧ӮģôƫϳѵӮ⣿
Ӯ˫ֱʾԼ޹ͣͷԵĲǴԺ
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˳ŵ亢ͯѧ꣬Ñ
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Ҫô𣿡
Ӯָû棬ǷҪھʵУֻȴԤ룬Ҳи׼պͺˡÑĿǰУ֪ڸܻԸͺԺ˼ңǿǿһ塢һδϣ·ҿ϶Ҫչģѵû£һʵֵġ
չ֮·ͷԷȣǸʱ·ȱһһӡ߳ģʵ֤ûдһ·
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ദԽã˽һ֣ͶӮһ֡
ǰ仯޴󣬾һˣµûвȴûѡƣ׷棬γǿӮΪǿðչϺӵľġ
־֮ʿԣ׷Ǳ£ΪԼΪҫȱɡ
һУӮͫ￴ԼӰССģҹĹΧţʲôҪ㾡˵֮ǰҵЩ˽Ǯһֶûˣȥҳ㣬ȥԺԺҲҴ˽ǮˣҺһģҲֵôԼҲûҪǮĵط㣬ô෨׬Ǯȴ˹ºͰϣѪȷӪװҲǻ˲١
ûӮôѪԭս͵ֿͷޣ߾ҲͱԹͳʳˣʱֱӺ
ⷬӮܸжԼǰ󣬼޶Ҹ
λ޵սܺɨǧ
ΪܷĽӵָȨȥҲùôֻ࣬ҪչãĻС
УҪǹûǮҾҪ
ȫҸˣҵһôõš
ھȥ㡣Ǹжɡ
ػż˵ǻһծû֡
۾һҲ뵽ˣ˵
ͳ
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·ûסĵطɹһЩĥ¼ӡ
̧˫ֲ˲ݽģɼ˯ôԣֲŲŽˣٷҩúһݡ
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ۣϨյֽɴʷѲϻ⻳ϰ˯ÿ϶Ҫš
Сūɽӣׯ榴ԼԺӣĸźŮҲ˹ȥ
쵽ҲգⶼæСūܶʱҲĸŮţϲУ˵źҲģԹȥСū˻
СһڰˣԼҲˣԼ翪ʼ棬ϲץŵʱ򶼲ԸţһҪȥͿޣûΣ
Ϊǽ첻Ӻˡׯ榽˯ĺӵݹȥ
ӮæڹаӺӵļҳаʦıԹҲֻЦ
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ʱҲˣϽȥɣҪЪˡׯתԺš
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һٱ
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.
լۡ
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΢΢ͷܿȵϢתѣûʲôҹˣ˯ɡ
ʣ¹ؾ£Աλá
վղվĵطҪήĻüͷʱһ壬ԸŮ䡣
ܿ껨ͱŲˣź򻨶ĵĻһٰӣȥ˱ĵطٲԺź
Ϩ𣬴ֻ˵ĺ
֪û˯ţ±ҲûʲôŮ߱ǣҲ˵类ɫԻﲻ
ɣ֪ιܡ
̷˯ΪԼʱʹˡ
ֻǲ˺ҽ㡣
.
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һ޵׶ݹıһ󶴣̿Ķγֽܺݺ׬ǮĹͿˡ
ûǮ취Ǯû취Ǯѵܴµ޳վ
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Ӯö˶涼ҪͷӳƲһţ˵ʲôΪȷʵ˺ܶǮиװĻڻ率зѾˡ
ֵ̧סͷӻͻȻתˮ
ȫް취ʱ豴Ⱥվ̶⣬űȮ̶ֶ֯ǳǺμǣϣǰµĹ˰̫ˣҡҲʱԹ߹˰ǵϸΡƷֽšǶǼġ
Ҳɲ̬ͬȻˡ
ôãӮҲˣͣѡسԵ㣬ȿɽʡ֧ܿɲУλأ
⡭
òƿУܱһӰǮȥҪǿ
飡
¾ͶˣΪӮôͳҪô
üһĸˣһ¶ĳΪԹ
һֱ磬ֶӮɢˣؼҳԱ˵
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л˵ｽˣԱߵĺ͵ƴһȺڷڶ׷ѾҵĵزײͰͰũֺɫͰҺǸͰƽʱˮõģûз࣬ұײ˵Ͱˣƣˣ


71 
ǵĶȥѩѹ֮ؽ,ԭֻǺҰڼ̯λͽİԼֹĶЬ¡Ь֮ģʲôֵǮ,꿪в,̡ʳꡢȫ,ܶǵﻧҲԼĶ
һҰ̣İӺ,װֵгȭͷô󣬼ǮҲڶĻҲ࣬дڶڶʹڶڶڶĹӶ
ɱСӶЩ˼ӶûأƽʱְӳԣǻؼŪҰ˺ٻӶϰ鶹ýųԡ
Ϊ֮˰Ҳвٸԣ,϶пУǵﻧڶĴӳʶ
ڶҲóԵģ,Զûˮﻧ˵ѾǺѵõζˡ
ңҪڶİӡ
һСĸǣСӲСóòµļҡ
ֻҪڶ,ͷСָͷڿ˴ڳڰӣĿˮֱҧҧ,ڶ˵ڶӡ
ţⶼˣΪɽŪһͻӪɽץҰΪֳҵķչס
ҰףǴ̵ĸƤ񣬶һ죬ʳʱʿΧ˻
һ󣬴ǵҰԣ˸ʹԸ˳
ȵҰӦٷ˾ͿȦרŵȦʲôԣ
СҰѱġ
ĸһУĹģͿʼ󣬵Ϊֹɽ˲ͷʱ˵൱ɹ۵
ЩɱҰԣҪѱĴпܱ˳
Ѿʼѡ֮⣬ȫ˸ÿ죬ԸºͣĿڸҲãܼζ
ẹ̈ƤҲûôֲˣƤ⴦ůˮƤͶЬ
ڸصԻϲɽҰ׻ľõרŵĵطһʳ뻻Ҳԡ
ҰǻģĸľͲֵǮˣЩҰͼѱЩֻܿûū
ӮûԭļҵĲ֣֣˵Ұѱʷԭʼ˵ģӦʱûС
⣬˵ǰЩطҰ̫ףˣ֮ûʲôˡ
ʿֿ⡣
ﻧûԼأūûУԲϷ˭˼ô࣬ҰҲɱ˳Խӡ
ôһ˵ҲеֳҲɣܾˣֱɱ˳⡣
ʿǰ⣬ζţóԣڵζϱˣʳĵķҲֶҲˡ
ҲΪӮᰮ⣬Ҳ磬ͳ˷ϳһˡ
ͨϰҲϲⰾͣһǶǻᱻյġ
˵ڣСҪڶӡ
Ǯ˰ӸԼҵİӺá
ǶûļҰܸҼҵıȣó
СϰӾźӼȺƧһĽֽǲŸӷ˸ӣʣµǸöãСķӵ£鲼ͷѹţԼһûԣҲܲȽźӡ
ūɷ򱻶ͻˣźӼΪҲû·ˣ˭֪ͻȻۣͺӶָһڴ￪ġ
Լأȴû֣ҲûǮ򣬺ũٸǴ֣ǹһЩǴδġ
ũ˵ǹѴӺңԶĵطֺ֣˲ܸߣĸ֡
ǣЩͷһֱȹ֣ƺܿ죬ƵڵϣҪôˮɳﶼܳȵҶӳũִ˹ǽһЩжϣɹ˴ȶʱιʵҶҲԳųԣھһֳ֮ܿŲɸΡ
ȵͿʼһήũپոˡ
ͽֽɳڿһѺƤĿ״ũ˵ֶСϴɾ˾ͺܺóԣҲԣҪΪ׶ۣɹɸ˸óԣһСƬɳؾͼ˴ٿ
ũһЩ֣ʣµǿԷˣĵɳǰ겻ý˰ЩԼҳԡ
СûȫһЩǻǮһ鲼ؼҸ£Сƻһë˵·вʮֱů
ЩëŲޣС˴δС˵ɽǱ͹Ѽޡ
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˵ɽﻧӹúܺãֵأʱʱȥֳɻʱǮʱһЩҪߴĹͷʲôģǻȣܱûǿܳһٷҲܺˡ
ԡ
С˵˼˻ʵͷһ߸߾С֣뽫ߴգŬĵ˽š
СۿһȣЩᡣ
ﲻɶԡźӵͷ۴Ȱ
ԭӣûֻܻʣСŮ
촹һéݣĶɳأӡ
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С˸æӱסһʵʲôˣ
˺ĸ֪ǰ˸ʾӺԺҪɹݡ
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Զȫˣʱ磬żؼңС˱㱧źӸȥ
ӺԺǽ֮Ŵģ䲻ŵڣѧĻǶΪʿ壬٣ڵһѡοԽ֮ѧĺŷˡ
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Ӧİɣ滹кӡ£ǹױʡ
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ҶֻӺ飬Ҫƹȫ»кܳ·ҪߣЩʧȴҲǲ⡣
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鳡ŵС˵˺˶ұ
󣿡Ӯеɵۡ
СЦܸ˵ϻԼðˡ
ǣͻȻ´꣬˵ҲȤñõıӮвͷ
ʲôͷ
һͷ
ÿѵʿ˵ʲôʵʵڣʱ࣬ˮ㣬ھӪＫܻӭ
ʿÿ¶ãھӪԵҲ廹ܳһٴ⣬һͷҲ˵ҪӮͷﲻȥȱȣӮǺ£Ҳûɶ
ҵĺ죬˸ƿˡ
мһŰڽŮϸЩֱۼҲ޶ĺôţѹסӵ֣һ¿ֱۣӲУֱ۱ѹ档
ʱ䵱еСһ֣һֻʤ˭
ΧŵһȦ㿴ҿ㣬ԾԾԣֶǰѾ֡
ⵥϣִϥǣ²
ƱվڽԱΪźģ̧ͷֵӮָͷ˴ļЦΡ
㣬˱ô˰ˡ
Ե̧ͷãõָָһ򣬻üŪۣתͷ˳ſȥ
ôˣվ
ӮȺߣסţԼվŸ˵
յܣЦô֣󣿡
ͷЦʣǰҪҪҲһ
ңЦЦҡͷϱȲ
ղŵıˣҺһ£ȷʵλ
ҲǿԼվܵһߣڿҪʤ纱һ
⡭ԥĿǱߡ
СͱˣҲξӮ䣿
⣺㿴ʲôȫұȣˮ
Ҫ纸Ϊǹ˻ƶĽ͹ˮԼĲ
纵ͷ·֡
Сסյ֣Ԥʼ
䣬߾Ϳʼƴȫ˫ֱ۶յԭȻмûκһƫƣ֧ţֱһѹ
Χ۵ĴСʿ໽壬ֱԼ³ԻҪ
ӮҲΪͣʵóıǸ
˲ò࣬ŲʿȻ޵֡
ҧƴҲûӮҲϣ˾ˣûʲôġ
ʤС
죬ЩĿƣûˮԹԼ
һ´ڵǰֱ۾һ鿴Ȼꡣ
ˣȥˣ֪ˡ
СʱҲͳ̫ԣڶ˵ֶ̧
û£ҶסӮвͷҪͷ
ɵɵľû취ֻΪ첲
ڳĴʿ纱ȹˣǶȲҲûгǿӮòͷľ纡
˵һͷ˴ɽֱˡ
ûҪͣļۿʱҲˣȲͣӮʹȻȥˡ
ڣӮ򿪸ȡҩֱϡ
ֿ̧ͻأĸҩпһ󽫾ô
󽫾ôˣ󽫾ͲˣӮͷ棺ҿɸ㰡κ㶼ǿûоУоͲУòôƴʲô֮ǰҪҸӡ
ĵľ³ǿƢҲǸʡĵġ
ס˲䣬ż֪ˣҲġ
Ӯ̾⻰Ҳֻ֡
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л˵ҼҴƱһ԰ȮҪСʱһֵģֵܽһȦལͷԣǲ֪Ϊɶ˻ɵ[]


72 
ϴ,߰Ū߹ȥһԲĳֹʵ,ҿ,,еӲָһλܹ²Ƥ,¶ư׵⡣
ʲô
Ӯｫûס
кһֿԳԵʳ֮ǰ˳ȥ֣ˣһĺѾˣǰջ񣬾ڸһĶҲֳһǧⶼٵˣҪܾѡõĺ,Ķﵽǧﶼ⡣
شũ󡢶ڡΪ,ճɲãϰվûԣӺܿ࣬Ҿ㲻,ûоĶܵͣﻧһ꣬ͷӡ
˵Զһĵط,סϹϡʲôģܳԵġֵĶ
Һʱ·㷢йŵˮ·ɳȥ˶ջ񣬴˺Ϲӡ
ũٽϹϴѿ˿ѳɳأϹԱߵ
ռֲأƽʱʩʣԼܳĺܺãϹһֱ˺ü֮һˡ
ũ˵Ĳߣһھһѡ
ϹҲι״ԲıĳĶУͷܴ峴ɡ
һָ㣬ڳǵӾϹͷ÷Ǿζܻӭ
Ϲ֮ǰԹˣζȷʵɸʳСūҲϲԡ
ǰģûгԹ
Ҫôԣ
Ӯק£Էܶ࣬ըԣɺۣѾһȥóը˺ӣһ㳢ҪǾں԰Ūһص֣ôԾôԣͷҸۣĺܺóԡ
й˿ڹ
ⱻ˵еһɫġʵʣأҲǺ
Ŷǣ
ĲͲͷҲֻмСеɽҩ࣬ѾԸũԭԺѡֵʱҲͷģϡˮҪҲҪ¼ο취Ĳȥ
˺ϹϺĶܴﵽʱ۾ҲɫʮּԺֲܴվͲöˡ
㡭
ⴹǧؿ޷˵ڣӮΪΪ£δҪرû׬Ǯ£ݹǸض⡣
Ψһ˽ľǽǼ˿׸ҪŷԼȴʲôûС
ţӮĵ˵
ȴһͷ˫ֽκﶼ޷˿̵顣
ôǣӮɻ󣬽ͷ̧ǲĶˣ
鳡֮ǰ꣬¶ʪģֻǵʱʿǶڣֱ˵Ե⣬˾ǰܱ΢Ƶġ
˲Ųô룬ҲΪǹ⣬ɼǸ۵Ķ
ҡͷûС
ôˣţ˭۸ˣΪø£
ǸҲ֪˭⣬Ȼ˵⡣
ɲʲôèܽģø¬֪飬Ǹ಻ģͽ˴ߣ
Ǻ֪ġ
øȸ̨ǱѾˣûϹᣬŮȷʵ;б°ٷ˵ģϳӲŶ˱˼
Һ·˷ֵ磬øδݵ̫ȸ̨˼͸Żȥˡ
ĸ֪ң˭۸ҡЦصһɢ˲١
ЦģӮŷģȻԸ˵˱ǣʲôʱ˵˵һġ
˵谮ҲûԼʲôֲ˼ģĻԶԶ
֪Ը̫ƽܰҵѾڳŬˣĻԶԶ
Ҳ֪Լ㷢չʱѾ࣬»ûȥ֪űܵϢ϶бı֪߾ͻս£ɱ⣬ҪһЩ
˵֪ĶѾĺܺˣģûмӡ·ϣǶǿвԷƱ
ãӮҲ⣬Ц§סĲ⣿
˵ĿںľͲһˡ
ĴˣϢ봽ΨĨ⻹
˵أ
ǣݼ䶼˽ڵҪ˵Ȼġ
ҪǲһŽ´ȥˣͬ
׵ѷᣬƽƳСʱ
ĵŮ׼䷹ݳȾׯ榣˵ͷڶÿգҪ͸ɴԼԺˡ
ݳȾȻ⣬ԼԺǾֻܳÿˣ˵ζҲʽҲḻǲܸɽӵıȡ
ˣɽ»Ǹ֪ŪĶóӱŻŪóԵġ
Ѿس̶ȵĳúһʳӮĺӣкӡۻ⡢ӺʡըС⡢ըŹǡ⡢࡭
תĴθ˾ʹûʣµģӮǸ඼ú£ҿ̻ʣжһ
ûƲ죬ⵥŪһۻ⣬е̣Ҫԡ
õＹʺۣܺڡ
ն飬ǸĻѾûˣȫݳȾׯ榵Ķӡ

ЩίݳȾǰűͱӣ䷹
Ӯ֪Զ˵쿪ʼԼԺԡ
ݣøȵˡ
ׯװÿ춼ҪӮҲܽϳȥ䷹׵ģдǿ塢ѪĲҩӣܻ
ݳȾͳԱˣȸָ̨ʹͷʱûбıӮȸ̨ЩĳԱڶΪӮˣ鱨һݷݴӸ
ҲʤΣһҪݳȾ
Ψһôƾڳмٹ٣Ҳûʲôü죬һæҪڶûˡ
ݳȾͷ֪Լ֮ǰ˵ĻӮˡ
ܻ⣬κϡ϶Ϊűġ
ӵĺҲƹ⣬ڱͨѳս
۾Ҳ˲
ӮҪ̸ݳȾׯҲʶȤ뿪
ݳȾûԼԺӣǳ˹һ𽥺Ľֵε
ѲߵĳǱȸ̨ķκƣҲ
ݳȾƲ߽ӵľ
ңơ
.
Ӯһͷ˽ˣ͵ȥ
ǶиԺ¶˵ģЩ¶˺ܿ˶ˣֻڽ֣۸·Ĳ̾ǡ
ÿµٺ»ӪвͷıμӣӮ˲ͷùȥСԼһû
ͷѵãŻôöûƳԹһٷⲻȥһӡ
ԷݵСܲ
иСܹȥקס֣Ҳ˵ǲߡ
纶/СԴһͺˣҪԵܿ쳤󡣡
㣬㲻һ𣿡Сͷ
һ£ҪȻؼҡ
컹𣿡
룬̵²УѮ
±ӪϷѵûпߡ
СЩʧȴҲɿ֣վűĿ뿪
Ļͷ
ſڵĵӰ£СССһ˶¹µ۾Ų
̾һĵתͷˡ
ڱ߾˹ϸʹͣڳһլӣȴôһԼס޼ҿɹˡ
ˣסңʿ۾ӵһȥġ
ٽõӪȥûͷˣƳԷ
ϧûоƣӪҲúȾƣΥ߾á
ԶԶſиˣ۾ѾŵĽ
ȥˣôŻҶȰˡƴӰ߳
ԹͣѵòھӪֵ纶Ի˼ң纺ƫֲڼң֪Ұȥˡ
лϲˣϣּææȥá
ôˣеȥǡû˵ȼù¶˵¡
Ⱦư˭֪㲻ڼңſڵ˰죬ȶվˡ
Ǹ纴ȥԺңڼֱӽȥȣҲˣˡ
ûӦȽȥˡ
լ治󣬾һݺһ᷿ͶѷŲĵط
Ӵſߵݶûжʮ
֮ǰһΣûдܾá
һЩΰʣҲµġ
ǴӣôȻһǲ˸ƭˣƭѪͷϣòͷˡ
线ۣŶǸҵͼ۴ľԼƴġ
ͦӡ
纱٩ĺܲ˼
һּæ˵ûоƣȥȵȡ
ѽˣҴˣƽſڽ̳ƱЦĸƣһֱ᲻úȡ
ǰȾƣԴȥ˱߾Ǳ캮ضǽԭʱһҾůھͰˣǳǵյӣңڻյǸ
ȥˣҴ
ӣҰԣ԰첻Ӯһͷأôʣһˣ
ҡҸˡƵĶȥ
ƽ󣬡˭ˣôһͷ
鲻˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô飬ֲʲô˵¡
׸˭ˣüëǲõǼϲڲˣ
Ҳиëϲװռˣʱܲס˿ʲôͣٺ»õƭء
Ҫȥҵˡ
纼æסûûС
˵أôһͷأ˭ˣ˶Ǯ
ҡ
˵
͵ͷȥ˵ˡ
ɴ۾֪Ϊʲô·ûУǾ·С¶Ǵ򲹶ġ
ﲻ˵
纣ٺ»Ҳ࣬ȫȥȼЩ¶ˣԼʲôʲôû¡
Ҳûʲô˵ģҾǿЩ˿ܰͰһ㡣һˣԺȶھӪƽʱҲʲôǮ˵սҲزǮҲûá
˵ֻ졣
ɵԭأͫһ彩ֱҶ
˶ˣ
ԥָָԼͣţ˵˻
㬷ſ˵Ĺ¶ʮ˻࣬ҶǴ˵ģҽץҩһǮ
ⲻһ˵£ҲǮ
ơ
ˣôˣʰҶˡ
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л˵ɱԣڼң˵̫ˣûѪɫҪͳ԰ɣҲԣҳˣҾ͵Ӹƣ׳Ǳô͵͵ιģ껨Ҳǣһʱ죬Ҳץ


73 
ҹ,ݳȾھȵ࣬Ϻͽűɢźüƺ
Сǰλ͹,СҪˡ
ȸ̨,칫䡢̽鱨,Ϊ峯ãԶ,նֻ֪ҪɫװɫȸƵ˾ԶԶ㿪򲻸ǰǵġ
ԴݳȾһţҾͲǺдûеӽ˸ϳȥֻϽλˡȥǮǲҪ˵ġ
ݳȾӱ䴦̧ͷԵɵۣһľá
ţš
·ͳһӡ
ͳһ֮,Բη׵ͭʰǮΪңΨһͨ±ңϱ𽥸ΪƽͰ,һԼһǧң̷Ĵ׶ʼˣֻճСס
ѾʼǮׯĻΪ˷һͽ,ƱֶĿǰûг֣ӮҲΪ˹緢Щǵ¾ȶ˵
ݳȾӸһ,Ǯľ͵ˡ
վѾҡҡλεľҪȥƵġ
Ƽ۸ߣҶѾ˴ˮƮ׼û뵽λˡǮ
ǧлݳȾš
յӰӶûС
ûȷ涨ҹ֮Ǻڳǵͨǹرյģ˲ڽ߶ϰ˯ˡ
Ψַ;ֵطѰ֣ʿ壬еĳݶգյģֳʲôҲһס
ݳȾ֮·ϣѲĳǱ뽫ͻլۡһѽ˻ӿ˱£Ȼټһ˵ײײһˤǰߣֱҹʧڽֽǡ
һֻ֪ĶҰèͷԽȥĽ

ݳȾһҰèܵķҹײˣʲô
ͷǽŻ£ƾθη֪ͣζжţԼô̱ǡ
ʵûŲˣֻܻǽߣ㶵Ķҹյ¡
ԷʱӮ˵쵽ˣҪ±ԡ
ʲô±Ӯߴ˵һѡ
͡ݳȾͷԳķЦ
Ц֮ͻȻеѹͷһᣬ͸ˡ
޵һݣίԺ˵ˣƾʲôҳԷ
ܵһҵůץס˾һԸɿ
Ҳ֪ԼӣӮҲȴԸӻҲֻӮСǳԡ
̰Щ̲ס˵Ӯ׽ͺˣûѪԵûеõϣûе
ҪʲôʲôҪֱ׳ӮЦǺǵĴӦ
ļ⣬ҪϵӮ취ժʲôᣬ涼Ҫһض
һִӵǱĲᡣ
Ҳɢˣ̧ͷܣһƬ֪Լӡ
ؼң
Ӯһլӣûȥס
һʼסΪ˱ܿ᲻뿪ҲļңӮĸϳˡ䷹Ǹϳ˼ˣĽ͡
ճһǴ󻵵ߵһǽ
Ŀߣûû˵ĴãŨҵľƾζʮţԼ̧ڱǰ˻ӣüͷġ
ȻԼլϴ軻ɾ·ȻعӮ֪˾͸ˡ
һ˿ҶԱһб
⣡
˺İ
¹⣬͵Ϯ棬ֻ¶һ˫׺ݵ۾
˻ЩεԴŬԼѣŭ˭ģ
ɤȡ
ԷҲûҪԱŵ˼תϡ
խӴ˺üأݳȾ˫۽浲ǰ¶Է߹һţ˼ˣڵ滮һЬۡ
ɲס۵׻һĨţ֪ԼǴ˵Ķ֡
ԥתܡ
׷ᣬǽͷݳȾļݳȾ˿ὣһ˵ĺԺ
Ȯ˯˼Ҿѣ𣬿žͿһӰȥŵ˼ţսսһҿԡ
ʲô£ϵĸƿʣﻹ§һСӤں塣
ɷҲǸղſŵ˸Ͻܹȥסӵ졣
꣡
һӰ
òԶ纵СլݺȾƣϵĺӺѾһ롣
óԣ⻹Ǹھӵģ˵ллѮʰ˸Ķԣöٲ۸ˡ
ƺȾ˵ģڿһѳӡ
ǾԶȥͿʼȥ֣ǽϹϳԣϻ˵ˣֵ٣̷ҲޣͶˣȺꡢꡭܶԺ󣬼ҼһϣʱͲûʳˡ
˵£ҲпĶֻ࣬ľګԴǣ˵ͷҲ˵˵ĻߴߴģھӪʱҲࡣ
ûȤƲƲ졣
һЦͷش֡
˻ָƼһ⣬öԷԵ㡣
ȴˣˡ
Ҫȥˣ۵¶һ˿ᣬûнǿнԼ
ʱˣٲȥָ߶ˡ
㡣
ˡʲôܳȥ
纽ͬʱԸھ̵ļУŴ
ˡ
ȻһӰǽͷƺܲˡ
ƺ纷ٳסĽ*˵˴ӽ¾ȳ
㡭ݳȾϳ
ݳȾԼŵһ˿ڼ³֪ʲôˣ·Ҫɱңһ·׷⣬˦
תһԸˡ
Է书ȷʵߣʽҲ죬һԶҲЩݳȾ˼롣
һʤ㲻󣬾ܣһȭݶɳš
һ˱εء
ݳȾһѽĲ¶һò
ʶģʡ
ݳȾҡͷʶҲԭˡҽ˴ȸ̨лˡ
ƺ纣ܾͽˡ
书ضͷ
ֻ»ͬҸһ𡣡ƲģݳȾˡ
纲Ҳˡ
ѲߵĳǱ˵⸽Ƿпˣڳǻִ̿ͣɱȸָ̨ʹ¿Сˡ
˴ȸ̨ĵȹݳȾ⽫˰ǹѣݷ춼Ź
Ǹʲôƻǵһȸ̨ĵΣַĸк档
ݳȾͷæԼģΪݱ¶Щ˶Ծҩһ㶼졣
о顣
ݳȾһ£û֨˵һźȻ淢˶
ֶȸ̨⻹εġֶζȥ
纽ԼٽĶݳȾ˵˿ڻѪ
ѪǿĲϽ͸ˣݳȾ͸ûƵģһ㲻֪ۡ
ߵºܿͱӮ֪ˣݳȾ
ָʹȥһˣ¬ƺҲڣŮҲһɡ
Ǿ˵ãڳƺϾͻ
ˡҲָָݳȾļ
ݳȾ֪ʲôܿ͸¬ȥ˹ĺɫװû
1
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л˵껨˵ٴ˲ҪݶϳԣԲɺܳܳ


74 
ѲߵĳǱǼҾ߰˾ʬ塣
ͻ¼,Ӯһ䣬֧ԴӺͳ˾ֻ㱨
ϣЩʬ,ǰ,˶,δȷϡ
ѲĳǱǰûз쳣
һֱӺѲ˾ͳʧ֮,εͷԡ
Ӯ֣ʾӮظһǳǳЦݡ
ȫͲץЩˡ
ǣ˾
ܿݳȾǾ͵ˣѪζɢ
ӮüݳȾԼѪüͷĸ
ôҲ֪һ¡¬ȥׯ榡
ݳȾ첻ͷ,ҲģͷЬһŵ档
߽ҿ˵زء
۵úܡСƺڳŲס죬ίĿޱӡ
Ǹʮĺ,Ļ᲻֪۵ģֻǰ̰ˣӮҲĶ˵ػǰȲ鿴ϵ,˿ںⶼˣѪһֱ,·ģһһѪ
ۣ⺢ӡ
֪˵ʲôˡ
ô˵ôأҲһݳȾֲġ
˶ԼݳȾͷᣬһ޳һ߿޻һ̧ĨᣬСĨ߰㡣
ЩںҩˮһСè⣬ֺֿЦ޵һֱڴá
׷ɱҵ书ߣҴ򲻹߿ޱ˵һ
Ӯе⣬ǾֽסҲ˲ַǳֲڡ
ݳȾվǲԼᡣ
㣬ȷʵΪԷֵ֮һҲзȨ
ܿʲô·𣿡
ָʹ˵˲ԭࡣԱ˲䡣
Ȯ֣
ҡͷƶ߾Ȯֽ֣ϲ
Ȯ֣ǶˡݳȾű˵
Ӯ㻹ܿ
˲š
ݳȾ΢Щܴ죬ÿ޵ͨ۾˵
úúáӮ庢ӣһ˫۽𾦣ʲôǰҪԭΡ
ҪˣᡣݳȾֽԼ㵽һȥʰϵǱ
СƺԸŤˣӮûٶ
㶯㣬𳶵˿ڡ
ò㡭ݳȾ󼸸ʻȥӦ֪ˣһע⡣
̧ͷ۲ӮɫӮûһ
ߣһеĵѯˡ
Цҡͷһ¹⻳
ҲƿƵԴ
ô˻Сʱ
ЦģҾϲ㣬㲻ҡ
̲ס̾ȥƶཱུЩӤʣڶˣ˴˵ģ
ؼʱ˵ȥһ˱߾ƶࡣ
кܶ¶ƶ⣬ٲǰǸ²֪СŮˡ
ƽʱҲǲƶͷҹ
ˣǸ˵ģơ
ͷ纺Ⱦơ
˲֪Ⱦƣ֪ʵҹޣдŵͷװԼ˯Ů֪ҹȥ
šüסƵĶ䣬˰ѧƭˣҶƭ
㳤㡭ס󰧺ģ۰㣬ҲˣҲˣģΰɣҪ˵ġ
ˣҽлƳȥȾƵģңػƵ¡
ƣ۵ȴ纣߾û뿪ơ
ǹ˼ŶԷݣҪǰȥְˡ
֣ԺҪűҪ˵ô档
ʵۣװģɿ֮Цˡ
纽Լ߿䣬һ㡣
ɨ漴Цѡ񲻽Ҵǵ˼
ݳȾͣ²Ķŵذķ϶
˻ׯҩݳȾе档
£¶ǰصһˣ˿ɲѪڻ
ׯøɾĲմҩˮᴥ˿Χ
ݳȾ۵һŬŲ
˵Ƕרѵ𣿡ׯһ߸˿һ˵
Ƚ۶ѡ
ݳȾƫһߣӮѯʹ˵ϸڡ
ˣ⼸ȲҪմˮÿ׼ʱһҩ
ׯ˵껹ҩóһ·ϣɵŮȥϴ
ݳȾ·Ͼͳˣ˾֣վӮߵλá
˾ֱúõվǣ䲻Ƶ棬ɶͷԡ
ָʹ
ݳȾûˣʵʵؾվӮԱߣӮ
ʱׯ榲廰˿ڵ۵ǺǰɱҵЩ˵ַ
ˢˢ
ׯ榲ɽЩ˵˵
վδؾȫŵùЩЩǽЩΪãûеЩ˵ݣӮס
ӣӮӣߵɫ̳
.
գӺǿʼʷĵһ˿ղ顣
ϳū֮󣬽˿Ȼ࣬ҲΪٷֲԼ߲Ƶȶԭ򣬵˻ˮõ˻
Щ˵ɽΪ˵׼֮ͽбϸ
ǣӡ
Ӻǣпضʼ˿ղ飬طȸ̨ѸЧ澾ٿԱ
֤ȷ£Щȫնʾڡ
ӳʵӮǰһ֣Ѿȵ𾪵ڵľ
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ݳȾĸ֣ǳȥ¼ġ
Щ֪̿˵ĴڣھȳˣһͬȥɱݳȾ
ֻϧƻʧܣǺͬھݳȾǡɱƺ纾¡
ΨһĻھ͹ȸ̨ĵΡ
Ӻ֮ºͯ˾һԾΪȸ̨ʹ
ѶֻˣûӮȶãǾû֪¡
ȷʵԶҲȷʵʿ֮ǰɱׯ榵Ҳǵˡ
ݳȾĪӺưոݡ
.
ǿ΢໥ɱ»
꣬ѵûȥУڼСū
СūڴȥһᰤһֲǸûбæˡ
ӮŵϣԲĹĵСӣܳԸʳ֮Ͳˣ˳ʲôֱˮ
֮ǰһӱܿȨ˺ܿڿ̫棬ͬôһãҪֱûںϡá
˻Ƣ浱۸ɣ˭һţȭͷˣ˭ܺƽദ󣬴˾Ϳ
ŵܹû
š
ˣ
Ĳǡ
Ͷˣ
˵˭֪ͶͶԾλѲŮĲǣڷȨأȥƾʣ¸ռˡ
Ӯܸпͷ˭Ʋ
ǵЦЩ䣬ܻܲĲǶ˵
ѵѺ
ѵãͲû˼
ȥҺûȥӮ¡
-----------------------
л˵֪Ϊʲôо¿ˣ󰡣¿ȥָܰæԵ㶫ͻȻˣܣһ¾Ͳˣվ꣬ôקô϶ûãǲұܳ


75 
ӺԺɹݱ,еҹʹ̸ǾԺſڵģȵɹݿţЩ˾һѷӿȥ,ɹݵ˶û˳ˡ
Ʒ,ΩжߡĹĸʱ,ɹڲǮϰ˵ĺ,͹ȥʶ־ܱȱǿϼҲҹЩ̵ܵƵĶʶֻġ
ɹݵʦҲרǳеĹŮԭ̴ͷ
̻ɹݼְʦӮƼġ
֮ǿȫڹ񣻹֮չȫڽΪ֮ѧ˹ְЩҲöȥ,ʱվ̫˷Լʱ·
ǰ仰ǸʱյĽ˵Ļʱա
ְ̺׶԰ʦ˳Ҳ,Ůѧ
ʼ棬ɵĿЩϴĸɸɾСʱֶ˵
һ˫˫¶ֵӵ۾ϲŲ·СӲͷ
ЩŮܴĳūûбϳ֮ǰ,ǽŲȵľЩūı
ȴδĵͷһЩˣ֪м֪Щ˵۾˿־ľŸɾ
Щ̸۵Ϸ,ӮҲϣɹݵʦЩһ
̵ĸд١
һ˾Ϊλﵱʦ
ɹݵѧаʮˣ࣬ʶֺѧ
Щǵĵﶼǲǵ׼꣬˵ʮģɿźС
ʱ̲֪ЩӴû֡
ĵһξҪЩٽѧдԼ֡
Щѧĺ棬Ϊ˸ҪгϢǶŵģЩ游ĸ˺ܶ࣬Ƕҧ֡
ЩϿ͡
ӶСƶССģ붼֪ǼﶼԲͷûӪܶʲôá
Ӯİ壬ӹ⻮һǮɹݣɹݵЩ׼ٷҪɽ亣ζÿһٶҪ⣬Ū̻ţ̣⵰̲ܳ߳׳Ȼô¡
ںǸܳԵһһ̺һƽʱĻͷ߰ӣ
ڿ졢ѧÿĺӻж⽱ܵõһ齹ǡ
ʱ䣬ԭССİʮӾͳƵģ˲٣ԲˣСڵúܡ
ǸС˵ŮҲ˵ĽɹݣǸͷСģֺݣϵ·ҲǲŲ
ڳĴӣ⻹Ӹһģÿѧɹݻ¿ǻش塣
ϳҲǸӵģÿˣÿµɹݽһǮƽʱҲϱ⣬Щʽʮ⡣
С¿ͷɱܻؼҡ

Сڳ׼ķŮĺʹǰ̧ͷ
ѧˣ
СбԼСܽͳԼóԵļǡ
￴ʦҽձֺãǣģһһûԣԡ
С˱ȥᡣ

Сתﲻԣԣ˲ܿ쳤󡣡
ǰ˵ҪͺȥɹݣﲻЦ룬ҲȰʲôţɸʾˣǹױʡ
ܴūָҲΪϳūƣĻţ˭
ڴĽж˻ڵĳӶˡ
ﲻԼǳǣǿˣȷ۶𡣡
СԹһηۣǿĵʱСڲݴ﷢һѷ䣬ΪõۣС˱˺ü£ֶˣ˺öס
С˻ǲϳԣ᲻ãѺöŸӳԡ
Сȴɷ˵Ľ˿˿ģһ¾Ŀ
ٿ۶ҪڿõϣͷͲ³Կˡ
ҹ֮С˼˺üھӣǸСɹݵ¡
֪ɹܳôãҪǮǶˡ
ּæʣɹʲôʱպӣ
ΪڼץסС
СʹԼֶ㵽ﻳʦ˵ÿ
ǻҪٵһꣿ
.
˵ɹպͯҲЩ¶ɹʶ֡
ҹʱѾɹݵıʱ䣬ҪݾҪȵˡ
ѪĳɹݵҲĽˡ
ҵȲͨڣʵѧȨ
Ĳ𣿡
˼¡
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ѾϿΰ£ʱѧҪôɣʮѺ͵ɹ˼Ҷȥܲܶ˰ɣԲܿ
ҲûԼǰΪɹݵˡ
ͷɥ߳ţŻȥ취
̴һ
ͬڳãٴ棬Ҳ졣
ôɹݣ亢ͯҪɣ
û룬Ͱ˵ˡ
ЩӶСֲʱʱչܵʵڲ֪Ρ
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̾纾Ȼô¶Ǵ£Ѿھǰˣȴһֶûἰ
ȥ
.
첻УǰŸ¶СԺ
ʱСԺĳ󷹣Сˣô˳Է纵ٺ»ޣþϸãƽһЩ
ϴͷ
ͷǰˣҲǷİһ㶼᲻ӡ
ԺӸտʼҵģ࣬˵ΣСǾʰڶǸɸɾģ¹⡣
Ϊ˷ֹ͵͵ԣÿ춼мŹ棬϶أ͵ǲܵġ
֮ǰԺжթ۸Щǹ¶޿˾ʰһ٣ھͲˡ
ͣԺ⣬˳档
˶ǵһǣҲǵһνôƾɵԺӡ
ѵʱҲûЩƾɾɵķݣ̵ݡ
¶ʮˡ
˵ЩҲܶ඼ūѱݲеĲ˶·ߵ
˿ղʱǵǼԾ޴ȥ޼ҿɹ飬ĶҪվѣôġ
кܶ޼ҿɹ𣿡ʡ
򴽡
ʵ˵ͦģ֮ǰǴӹǳǻһ·ϼѵˣеѾ·ˣӺһЩ
Ϊβϣ
线һۣÿշǵºܶ࣬¶Ҫ⣬ǻҪЩʲô
ﱻµ޻˵
ȥҲǸ취̿ſ˵СԺüͷһ𣬡һٺ»Ҳûж٣ôˡҿе˺ͺһ޲мдϣ취ӱ𴦸һЩɣ׬׬붼ԼѹҲСһЩ
ɹղѧ鷳ֻ࣬ɹĿ֧ҲСҲҪΪ϶࿼ǡ
纱ȭмлŮ
е㲻ζˣԼרŹңﲻæƵġ
-----------------------
л˵ƺ껨ũ徭Ƥ촳ˣţڻǺ껨ܷ߱ڽƾͲˣסֻԺżӣţڸ¥ߵĴͲܻſǽҡβͣһ۵ģҸţ


76 
ϹɽҲ˵,ټѼɽũ߹ģ
Ѽķ㻹ܶѷʣũֳĺطĲҪ,һ,ͷ
ϹϺҲǡ
ǰ,ȵ㹻Ӧڣڻ,ҪԭǴޣʱ޷ģֲ
ĺ١Ϲٺ綼ʰιЩûȫѱɼҰʳʲôܳԣǶܽ¶ǡ
Եĺ˾ͳñ׳ɱһͷϹϣ㹻ͻӪ³ԵˣԱ˶ӣʿѵ,ũɻ
ڵгҲ𽥱÷ḻپţ⣬⡢Ѽ,֮ĸʳƷҲ
ÿһУС̯СһЩǵĴͽֵռˣʲôĶС
СҲϹϡ
᲻ûǮ¿Ϳ˫,һʮֵأֻҪһ˹ϾǮ,ǾͲˡ
ǿ쿴ǱʲôŹģ
˳ſȥֻһſڹҳһѲ֪ʲôˢӡ
˶֪Ǻ̻ơ
ƴӹ̨̽壬Էָʵһ֮ЦŻصƵˢһûؼˢʲôУܺáС껹ëëʣӺԺھõëʣǿҪһЩǴţЩӺĵطûеǮ󡣡
⵹ģӺǳĺö̶࣬ԸԶ·ҪӺûȥǷʮٱļ۸ۡ
Ķˣ˵ƣһЩҵơ
ɹֺǺǵܽȥ
Щˢëͬɽũ
ɱë֪ãӮˢëʣһ㶼ûϵκζ˷ѵ
ˢëҪ֣̾͸ũǱ˵һëСԺЩ¶жǾֻԼ
ٳɱ֮󰴼㹤ǮҲɽǮʳ
СԺĺӶԸ飬Ǯӵķʽʺǡ
õҲһ
ֻӺУĵط϶࣬̻һӵȥ
νϰյӮʱͷ۵£ɽũ԰Žһ֣طأֲпضһģũ
ÿᵽЩͶư͡
Ӯŭƽʱߴߴû꣬ôˣ²Ϊһ˽ͷѪǻڼŴҡ־֮ʿԼװŽװŰգߣ֮Ϊ֮ߣˡǿ֪˻ĺ壿
ΪγġȨٳδΪͶøۼƵġ
ҲҪģᱻӮ˵̧ͷ
γչ⣬ҪҸˣӮɴͳλùһͽôγǿд³̡
γרϸεģѾҪ깤ˣûʽͶϸλģʽûγɹģ
ʱҲϸ룬㷢չҲʲôǮЩʿеǮȫԸһʡƻЩʿطٴؾ÷չṩԼϵİ
ָͷĿǰԼֽͷηʽ㣬ģû
ʿķرջغǵʲҲԸʿɷҶкôܽյ⡣
һǰֿͥʼߴߴֵг
Щ˳ֵ磬¡쾺¡
ˣԼҪһ
ڵĹѾͱ߾ˣԽҲü޵¡
ΪԼ⣬ˣټĳִ㵵ı顣
ں췴֮ǰʿ嶼ûмڵֱϵ˽Χǣ˹л֧Ԯţ޴ıըԼ˵ƻ˿ۡ
ѹӮôӲĸԺΪ׵ʿŸɣɱ֣ȷʵûʲôµġ
֮ʿôϵĹ黹أҲǱɱ嵽ˡ
ɻ᲻߷ӮĳЩߣԲϰѳֳʱô
һӮзŭļǶἰʱ֣ıһôУв̰ģ*ϺκϾԼ³

һ˵ʣ˶档
רзӮ򵥽һ䡣
˶Ǵˣ׹ɫʼü
룿
Լ𣿽𣬳ưʶԭ
ӮЦ۵ףͷ
䣬ԺǳӶԼİ㡣
Щ̿͵˭ѾҪˣֿܣлڹ
˷ʱЩץչ׳ԼʱǮģ;ӣֻڴڵ̷Χڣ˭ҸԼԡ
ԭķվǸ¶ͳһǿĶ㲻Ϊ˸ʱ͸ı䡣
ӣͳһԭ
ڲûΪѡ·Ҳûд
¹ǰλݷôãӮ¶Լצ
ףվ̨Զա
ߣλűȵĺƤλϳҡŻ׵ĳס
ԭ죬Ҫ俩
Ǻ߾ϣ˸á˲硣
£дģӺضţҪˡ
ߣ˾Ϳս˭˭豹ͺܺս
˶Էһۣç򡣡

쾹Цˣλʲôʱ˻ڶǶϽ°ɡ
нġ
.
ϴɽǾǻ㱻ݳȾɱ
طֳݳȾˡ
Сƺ˼գˣװƵ±ǣ̲±ϳԵȫӡ
ûۿӮӡ
ھСūܵǰͷȥˡ
¬ǰͷأ˸߲ұ棺ϣһͷӣ
Ӯӳ̽ͷȥˣ
ǣŮǽӡ
ȥҵĻ÷СЩ̫Զ߻ɽҰкܡ
ɽܴɽ֮гҰ޳ûǰ˵дɽˡ
̫⣬ֻЩġ
¬ȥӮĻʱǶڣ˱ȤԼĽ㡣
׷ǺһٴִֻҰã˻ȥųԡ
쵽ũʱ澡ˣһͷ
СūѾڳݵҡ˯ˣӮԱ߷һμǴʱ䡣
˱飬Լǰϸϸˣû˲΢ġ
ӸŪһͷĺˣ
ѵ£ŴŪˡ
ҺþöûˡſӮϥϣЦֺá
ϲسǣɽס죬ʹ졣
Ȧڹôʱ䣬ξר̴ɢĵġ
ȥ굽ڣһһææ£ⶼδúϢ
ѵÿУɽӺֲԶͻӪפǣʹ棬˳㿴ũ
ˣϸƶҹԣ
ҹԣӮ⣬ǲУֻڰ죬ʵ˯
˵ʹģ
ϲȫ԰ǰҰʲôľˡ
ҾҪҹԣǰҹϮоӪ¡һ˫ɾ峺ӿ
Ӯ֪ܲǹģɾǶίͰ͵Ӻ޵ֿ
ÿֻҪôһʲôԭûˣҪϵҲҪȥժ
úúáѹ˹أЭˡ
Ķִũ棬ͻӪͳ컢ӭڴˡ
Ӯӳڳվɽŵũ
ȥﻹһƬĵأھѾᣬдƬѳء
ȥĺϹϡѾˣһЩǽܻɢһЩСġ
Щľ͸ЩũظɻĴˣ˭񵽾͹˭
ӮũҲˣũ²˽⡣
ڷѷʣƺҪʲôʣ춼Ҫˣׯڣ
֪һҪȥ괺βճɣЩҲӡ
ũֲֳĲͻӪˣһȺﶮЩܸɡ
֮ǰѡ˲ţӮرũµˣʿ嵱ûеģеǲ١
ֵũľǵʱѡˣΪֳ˲͵ĺǻõرν
Ӯרųһũҵšͷľǡ
ʱҲңˣܲʹײˡ
ʲô
ҲǾһӣǰЩոոմѿ磬׼ˡ
Ӯɳȥ˲ֹһӣںϹ֮½½ЩӣҲʲôˣֻҪкľͶ֣ϰնʳðС
ͷӮڵһĹ͹̸
һӶûУߣץ˰û飬ֹһֺϹϣֶ˼ηʣ൱ŶǽſĻĵء
ϵհе˷п
ǣѡȻ
-----------------------
л˵ƺ껨Ū˼ѵֵרѡĸСģȫˣģƶܽݣֻԺӣƶüһ˹
PS¿һƪģԶиȤıǿ˳໡


77 
ͷûµƽ,ӪĴͿʼջˡ
ϹϣдĴк;²˶ˮϴ
һߵİϻһ⣬۴ԲĴѶ⡣
ϵĴ,,һͺܺó,һͷͷһ,ζ൱á
ÿȺϱӶ
հ̳棬תöĹȥһ룬߻˼飬˳ע͵ԡ
ŨüǸʵ͵ԣԹվҪԴסٲһٱӣ˭ʲôط͵͵òͷˣ
˰춼ûӦ,Ͱ飬˭ĶҲûУҲû͡
,Ĵ塣
٣Լ˲ɣ
Ӫĵط͵ǾԲ׷Źģ͵⣬˭֪͵ʲô
ܻҪȥϷ巴Ӧ
ʱиСܽ,ָָſڣС͵档
Ҳ𼱻ɱȥ
ʲôֻһһޢŮʯͷ,ò֪δժĴҶӶڳԣһһԴֱ࣬߻žƺ
ޢŮȸ̨ĺɫװ
СǸûõģûټʶ֪·ʲôɵԭûǰץ˼ֱ֣ߣҪȥ
ɵɶعקס֪˭͹ȥҪˣ
СȳһǴɰƣ۵ί͵

ԼбҪһСͽ
˵ˣϽȥɻ
ɡ
ʲôɣλȸָ̨ʹߵĴˣĸУҲǰȥԺ۾ҷ㣬·ľԶԶûУǲǵˣͳ춼Ҫȸ̨֣

ʲôûˣȥɻ
ŶСݺһΡ
æȻ죬Ҳûˡ
ͣԶ̿һƬƣͮͮر
ֻݳȾ廨⡣
һ꣬ͺ֣Աߵˣ˵λȥá
ׯСһҲ͵¡
ոջԣݳȾĹĵĵԼһ˵ġ
ׯ榵˱˾ƨˣһֱݳȾܱ
ݳȾֱţ׷ȥһܣ֪Լ򲻹ׯ榣ҳʣµһֱͼζֱֲˮ
͵γȫ͵ˡ
ⱾǴԤŰӵģڰƤߦˣҲݺˣȴûˡ
һĪչޣֻܸĳɴڶİӣΪҲôûжˡ
.
ԿֱȥҪ͵ôģ
ӮѾ֪ôСƺˣر
ݳȾͷָ;ܹƿ˭͵ˣиǮˡ
дʣһûԼд
˵һ顣ӮҪˡ
ⱾһԿϷģΪ¶ñվȥȰȰ
ǰ˵ôСͽԭȸֵ̨طûѧϺãЩԣ̵̵ͺˡ¬ȥˣȷʵǮ㲻͵ξˣ´ҪͰһá
ӮݳȾûУ
ˡݳȾһ
ҡҡͷְ͵ԶΪҲ֪˵ʲôãסڹҲû̹Ժȣƫȥ͵á
Ӯ˵̹ξЩֿ֪ʼë
㻹ӮҪָ˵ҿһ첻ϷߣԺٲҾͲˣ𡣡
ݳȾֻͷһᣬȦһ죬Ҫޡ
µϴ֪ˣԺˡ
⣬ͬǼվһģԼ洫˵ڻͦ֡
Ҳ㲻ʲô£ķô𡣡
ʵɣӪ͵ҳԵ٣ֻҪǺܹ֣һֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡ
˭ûжӵʱأӪҲ²ܶٶٳԱ֮ǰ붼ġ
ݳȾΪȸָ̨ʹþϺ;˵ΣƽʱߵĶ˷Уһ治ʲô
оеĹأ㻢ͳӦ֪ݳȾΪָʹ͵͵Ҳȷʵÿô˵档
һ㶼ⲻˡ
ָʹȷʵЩԡۡ
ݳȾ˽⣬ȸ̨֪ûݳȾ˶ΪǸʮ˵Ůħͷ
Ʋ죬ҽ㵱δʮѾݳȾҲͣƵ̰̰ԣñѵ
Ӣ˫ҲҲҲʹ˵еĹŮһϸ¡
ͳҲ֪ĹŮ
ΪӲرҵǼ˿ףƶѾʧĹر档
ǰг
ĹŮôᱻ
漰ӣҲ˵ҿ֮ŵĹŮһλףǺһȣ֪ܣΪĹŮĹŮս޲ʤΪģѰһķסȣûĹŮʿӵ׾ս£ʳ˲ŰܸӣŮȡʿͳȥӲδֳŵŮ̾ǰգѪؽһǳأҲڵ
ԣȹ
ڰڰֵŶѣ˭֪١һ˵Ϊ˵õĵķӣҲǸ˼Ĵۣ¹ʲô䣬˵ڼͻᱻɣ㣬˵ǰʿ֮㡣
˶ͷ˵Ե
û˷ֲݶ棬ׯ榱СūվһӣֱСūǷŵСū뿪
ݳȾѵһ٣ͷԴڳӭײϱӻׯ榣Ӻݺݺһ
ߣȴͽ
ׯĿбӣֱӽʡ
ӹӣӮ˰춼û˯ׯ榱ȥûþ˯ĸСƵġ
ׯ榽ӻȥˡ
庢һס˵
СһߣȥҹԶѲ
»Ī
˭
Ӯ֪ôͣ˵ԼϹ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ʴʣ㲻ʡ

ͷʲôô֣
ӮԻˣء
Դϴ鳡һıԾھͷǳԵģһǻһ⡣
⼸
Ӯ⵽ˣεЦŽקס
ȥ
ûⲻϡ
Сūʱ٣󲿷ʱ䶼ӮڴҪôׯ榺ĸֻţĻ˦ƹˡ
ӮæˣʱǱСū鷿ӵģЩⲻȥúСūӮ
ȥȥò˼Ϊģ㿪Ҫȥҹ԰ΨҲӦ
ȥˣ
ȥɣҲ˯ˣÿũ߼µֲһ˯
ϣֹˡ
⡣
˻˵ѳ
ĸ˵˵Ұͷ
Ĵ˹ɵĺܣľͱ˵ѳˣЩеûţû¸˾ȥġ
ȥûãͱǰˡ
̯ϵıӾþöûٷһҳӮ࿿ͷЦˡ
תͷ˯ߵСūôĳҲӰ첻˯
СūսԴߵСȭͷԽ⺢ӾԽ⣬һģӿ̳ġ
-----------------------
л˵ʧֻСɱǧӥҸ㲻죡


78 
¶Ȼ½,˽ĵһѩ
ﻧèӶù˼ﶼ,żܼȡ
Ҳа,ϡһЩ,ٷϹϾ͹һ˳ԵˣǶġ
ʵڲоһЩ,ĵճٻȥӾܻбͷ
ʱһӡ
ſжֺջ
˭Ƥˣ֪æɻûæ
ļſڴѩ̣űվŸƾɵϸȱһǵ,нĿˣ֪οڡ
һףˣ
ϸΪĵͷ,ݵӭź磬Ŷ
˵̾һùϸ룬ݸװ˼ͷ,ҧòµģԼûóԡ
ϸҲ,һԭȶγ񣬺ü˶ΪɹΣӹĲãͱ޴
췴ѹջطأͷֵأҲٱǿȥɹΣǸΪӶƣÿйǮҲܻؼҡ
ںܶѾܺˣǺ֪㡣
ϸҵӱûѣǰʱͶ˵Ǵġ
һʳͲԣϸû취ֻĴ裬˼Һüء
ûȥ԰ɡ˽ݹȥ
ϸǧл̧ĨĨᡣ
˲̣ڵγйΪβҵȥ
ϸԼŸŮЩͶݿϼҴڣôŰ׳԰׺ҲǸ¶
ʵڿۣקסϸĸ첲ŮԣЩݿȻʲôûˡ
γγͬγҪͳһ˵γμӹܳΪʮܻӭϸΡ
ǰֱӾͳˣкҲǹ壬ϰûǸģڣͨҲܳԵϸΡ
γйиǽȥ˾סͷÿ»ؼһΡ
ı˶ôȥ֮ǰúϻˣ½ȥ˾ûֵء
ҲֻЩָūʵûбĻ·ȥγ
ͷ쳤ӵһ£Ϊȥ˿϶˭µ׾½½˳һ·ʰĸɸɾɫĶǸɻˡ
֪Щȥ˶Ůֿסһĵط˸һ䣬Ҳ֣ģǵһμұ춼ȫԷҲ˸ÿ쵽ʱµľͻ࣬ʹ¹ˣȥԷϢˡ
ҪʽȥʲôЩ˾ЦЦ˵ˡ
γҪÿ˱ܣϸεĹ⴫һֲҪˣҲܷһˡ
˽ϸȥγҲǳںģгкסµ׻һݹǮЩҲڼ׳԰׺Ҫǿ
ϸЦҲȰǲԸ⡣
ԸĳɣѲԺ˰
ӣׯջˣȥ
룡ˣ˾
ϸҡҡͷԶ˭֪ô¡
.
ԣ£ӮҲ׼ֻû뵽ǻߵ鷳
ĺȮֶ壬Ϊһңֳɺü䣬ռһ̳ưԡ
ŴӱﴫţͻȻɧűƲٹ̶ӣ߾ͻٲȻ뿪սĽࡣ
ٿϵݣЦƥ򣬹ĶĽǸԾͶ״ˡ
»˽ড
ͽԼڣҲʱûг׸ӮĴ㣬԰߾ȡ
ԹκڴҲɵʱӮ
˵ڷ;ȾزѾŮԾ
Ӯֵ̿¯Ͽ˿䰡д˼־ͽˡ
㿴˭ȥ߱Ƚʺϣ
治УҪ⣬ڱϡ
Σ⽫żѹ档
ֻһѹס߾
ıбصı߾򣬶ǳǵı߾ߵȮ֣ҪӺɾȥ֧Ԯ
δؾѹסǰ纴ԭִȮƤ´ӷأ߾ʹˣ⣬߾Ƿģƶҵؽֲçˣ֪ء
ƶ
Ӯ̾ԣĲ̣ҲãҲգͶСӣôС;ҪɱУĲ̡
̫ƽաס֣ʱĲ̡
鷿Ӯİ̾ˣһǱˡ
.
պ󣬴ѪӺͻӪһˣ֧Ԯء
ӿ֮ǰӮƵһͷгεı率󡢳ǹȵЩװ⻹дݡ
ʱڳĹ䣺ľộҪĵϳˡ
ЩרԸģĵųƲԭڶǿ
һȮ֡
Ӯܵһǵڶ䣡
ӳգʹڳͣҲվĿʹԶȥ
صս£Ҳ֣̿Ļŭ
ЩȮ̤һ
ԣҲҪҲҪȥɱˣǵӸպһЩЩǡ
ֻҪЩ˸ɱұض޻أ
Դӷ˵أضϰ˵ӣ˭һǶ⡣
żգפⶼаѯǷб
ǰǿڲǿҲͳͷϰͻȻô¡
.
ء
£ؿڣر߾زˡ
ͬſѪڣšڡ´ڱȼߡ
ڡײŻӡ
ڳͷԼʲô
棬¡һ
汻ըһӣղŻͬս˲֫ϱ۷ɳȥ
һθܵɢܣɽӶ䣬޴ɶ㣬ըʯƬֱӽˡ
˵ˣŶûܿ˹룬ըֻʣ²ǧˡ
߾ؽ̽ͷǱӴܵӾ͹Ц
ǣҺݺݵĺ䣡Ҫʣ
߾һûУװǵס˸ղļʸǺöȥĥĥãǰ˿۾ѵʱ򣬱߾سǡ
֮󣬱߾ַͣϢԷ
һС췹Ķߣ쳤˲ƣǰͷ򷹵˻˾קſ
Եʲô
ǴһƣźʵĴһ⣬һǴͷ
룡⣡
Сֱˮ޲ŵԼ
ǰڱ߾ĻʳܳĴҲ࣬ܶСų⡣
ֻϱ߿бӱ߸пǰӶûУϡˮȺȾҪսˡ
ҲɣǻڣǸ̿ںõģ
һﶼ
Щ¸ھҲǱ߾ˣó˹ˣڳԵõĶӺģһĸҪǮһڼҶԲôãҼҽ˵أҲҳӳԡ
ǿδӺЩϴģõģģͱƣʵ
ܿڳԵЩ˼ҸأЩȥͻըĻԹԣЩŵĶˡ
ʿһ𣬱ҧӺɣڵӱǰ̫࣬ʰЩǺݺݳһ
.
սӺʱӮΪ̶ӴʯĲ̶ӵʹթѹʯ
ݳȾƵĴܽﻹץһûڱϵͶûü
ճˣ
Ӯˮ죬æŲСƺ
ڱĶ͵ģ
ʲôʱ㻹˵ճǲˡ
ݳȾûݣƯüšɸˡ
-----------------------
л˵Ϸ̨ˣ


79 
ûȷʵԼһЩ*,ͺס˲ӣָоر𲻺ܡ
żҲûãû˺Լ,ֻˣ˵ڿɲ,ʲô취,ֻԡ
ٸϽ취ʯ̽Ķܾ촫Ϣ
Ӧİ,ô̽
ڱݳȾİɡ
ݳȾĻϷˣ²ľ͸źߵˣҲǰʣȥ⡣
˵ַƵߣŵǸûгԵڱ˶֪
Ӯ߹ȥĻңֹСƺ϶ȥ͵ˣôŽ̲ģͷҪٺݺݽһų,ֻë
.
ãԺ
ݳȾܽ£㻹˼֪ճ˰,㻹Ͻж֪㽣ôøҪ̨ճһΰ
ͣ,㵹ǲˡ
̶ûʯ֪õݳȾ֪
ҿǶżҾճأ
żʲô,ֲǼ˾ܱ
ҲҪϵģİ취طŪЩʯôŻѪΪ˭Ϊ㣬ɵã˦ƹһæϵ̶Ӳù붼ŪôʯѰš
ݳȾੲݵָΪš
ý°ͣ˭˵û취Ҿ͹λƯ
ôݳȾһƲĽ
ʣù֣Ҹ㡣
ѹû룡ݳȾͲûҴˡ
ԼݿСūݳȾСУźӡ
ݳȾһĹǱ߿Ӻ庢ӣ˴춼˵
⽫ӽĸȥˣ̽Եʣ˵𣿡
ף˭
š
ͷһۣ棺ñͷӮ֪˻
˵ô죡ݳȾЩйЩڡ
Լû뿪ǲǾܰæˡ
ⲻ֪ʲôײʧΪһ취ܼӹ̽ˣӮ˽⣬Ī˵ݳȾȥڹŮѡһҲϺǲϵģᶼҪᡣ
ĲֹκҲô
κ
κԹĽڽڰˣȥҪ̲ˣκڼ֡
ǰκҪŭԹԷɱô졣
հǰ˺ηηβܳɴ¡ͲѵСĸˡ
ݳȾԼһ˺ʱ¹ǡ¸鷳
ܵͣЩ֪ǿָ
ɽдӮй䶼Ӯ鱣
о仰˵ûǱӮӮûǷκˣǷ࣬ܽȼü֮Ըٸû˱ȣȫԸ
ǰæˡ
Һʱˣҡ
û𣿳ճڱһӲʮóӺһͨҡ
ⲻ㡣
Ծʹ󷽷˸ãǳ˲ע͵ϲ˵ٴ㶼ģΪĺܡ
ݳȾѵһ仰ٷʵӮ˵֮Ҳ֪͵͵ԵΪãϰˣһʱĲ
ѾŬڸˣʱܹΣǰÿ춼Ҫȥ߰˴εġ
У⻹ĵѣ󶼲Ҫᡣ
ʯӮżһκҲԸأ
֣һ취
.
ĳᣬݳȾͻس
ݳȾǳ檣ӺҲΪںβ˳ˮ顣
˶ʹ˽飬ΪǿЧҲİ취һݳȾܻĺ
ݳȾٴεǲҲںģһŵ֧ŵĹŮݵλѹˡ
Χ⣬ֿʼݳȾЩ˻һֱ⸱С
Ӫ߹ڿ̸ȫȻӮɫ
վԭŵλãִڳ˼ʵ˯
һУϻӻ־Ūô£ر໧úũҵҪץ쾵æĽŲմء
ºȿڲЪЪȣֽƫϳʯûǰߵսͻ½Ǹ⡣
Ǽ֣ȴûбĽ취ӵľȻſھݳȾ顣
Ҳ϶ݳȾǺ̬ȣǵǰݵġ
ƽݳȾžûûСʱ˰죬϶û˵ֵĻ
ȸָ̨ʹȨֻҪ֤ȷֱ׽ùĵزѪȨƫݳȾС
ˣȻڡ
˵˰춼ӮзӦʶ鲻ͷס˿ڡ
ϣҲû취İ취սΪԼĽɡ
ͷӮߣǿȥȥУ
͹ݳȾҲİ취
ŶͶôɱǿӣô෨ǮǮ̵£Ǿһ޹ŮԱȫԼ˵ȥǲֺǣΪ˽Ը⣿
⡭ɫϺ죬ݳȾҵᲢۣ
ӮЦĸ䣬ˣкβܱͬһֻ۾һֻ֣
Ļݺݴķιӣҷ
Ļں档
̸Ǽе֮ѡôھҪˣĵֵùһ˹ȥͬͣų޵еĻڻǰһ˶ûռõõڴηηβӭսֻ֪ͣǵԴ¿ˣ
ͶԹŴĺסʮ񣬴ùʹ򣬴򲻹ҲҪ򣬸Ůô£ǳ̨Ϊá
ݳȾվڹĺ棬촽ţȦˡ
.
ºͯӮ̸ã֮˱صסʰҡ
û֪Ǻʱ뿪ģ֮ĵطһе̵֯
ڵؽһСۣӡġ¾ĵǡ
ԭǸа/֯ȫȻͬŵȻ׷ӣˡ
ģŽַϳū֮һ˲ࡣ
ڱ߾󣬺ܿܶڣݵ˼ҲʮֻϣľòŶͬˡ
öĳĽҲʼẉ̂ͷѸ֮ͣǰٻߵȫѹȥ
߾İտʼҪԼأūҲҪɣ֯ʿ塣
֮ǰڽݵҾڳˡ
.
ǣ差
ڱ߾ͻ౨ھͷڳİͷ
£һϮȹ޾ڵͷ٣Ƶ˳ָҡ
ɽֿȪ
⡪
ͻȻѣڵϵŮ˫緢
קסѵңͷϵһ𣬸мγһͻأĽᡣ
Ļһĺۡ
Ķ֣͸ˡ
Цݺ䣬ڵӿ
.
ͬʱɳȥҲɹκ̸
ѩ̿κԮǸм㡣
-----------------------
л˵綼ҪײӣǼ·


80 
ǵһϳūƵ,˽Уⲻ˹ڰյ,ҲӰܱߵա
ԡκȮ֡ĵȵضвٰ߿Ǩ,Щڱ߿ѻĵ,˱߿ĸ˿ڻ
ũҵ߾ṩʳ,ŲǰŶӸ׺ݵ̡
ûΪһʼϸܿأ뿪ԭ··ּѡ
ʹõ·Ҳܹ˱߹صĸڣԭȽΪ֮أҲϣǨ㵽Ǳ
ܹͬӵԼأɴھѹµĳмջ
Ļڱ߾뷨跨߾ߵİҲԽԽࡣ
ֻҪ̤أ׷ĳ߾ͲֱɱЩա
ýͻ,߾Ҫ˹̸붼̸£
꿪֮ЩӹȥĳվѾڿѳĻĵũٴĺϹ,ҺܿðѿҶضǡ
Կ֣պüϹ,ժһһͷִ󣬳,һ㹻һ˳Ժüġ
Ǹ߲Ժ󶼲öˡ
ӮũҵչǿµʱҲ˱ѹĴӪϢ
ôϽĻҲֻбڵĦķݡ
ܿľͰˣʲͶԸΪĸӹ
纺ƶûнͶսֱӽն¡
ĵҵ֮ӡ
֮ǰıʿԾӣٶԸɧ⣬ܲһ䴩
Դˣߵŵġ
Ϊ
һǲԭһΪɳĮûʿ嵫ūֵҲѡ
ūܵܣǵĲƲȫָ˵ĲˣսĿ־һɨգ߸ǣŷֵջؼȥˡ
ߵȮıܣѸپڱ߾ȥĲ
ȥ»֮һԹŮԾ˵㡣
διй֮Ȩ
ǿе֣ȮֵԼᲽĵĺ󳾣ҪԾ
ȮԹᱻΧгһսԹֲá
Թڱκƣ̲ĳǳκ˻ȥѹϾԳҪǳǵĽﻹе֧ԮȮ֡
֮ûͦѽΪ纺ͽȶ̲֮ϵİ񣬽˴ѲԸóصĴȫץˣƲ⣬طָذա
µġ
ĵḻʳ
ֻǱ㹻ӹ෴ԣŲѷ
˵ʲôҪµģðΪ֡
̲ģռ˰񣬸·ӶӮĴֱʸ𾪵ˡ
ǰģʼԼĶ֡
˵ˣǽҲͬ𾪣Ӻʱȥİ
.
ŽͼֶطӮ±ʣᴵ˴δɵī
һְֻ׵۶Сץסͼһǡ
ԿӵƤһСū
ӾץסֻС֣һͼҪƤСһˡ
Ӯŷֲ֪ʱ굽µĺӡ
⽫ӱȥץ־žž¡
СūһˣԼҡҡλ·ƤúܣԲҪץ
ǷͼӮ˺ܶ˼ģһҪץô졣
СūίӮҪ
ӮһС۵У˹
Сʲôץġ
ĵҲˣͼС
СūһӮͽԴѣֻƨɶ˿Цá
úúáӮСֺģӻԺ̡
ϣҸ˵˺öβҶ鷿Ķ
ͷ˵
͵˵˵һ䲻
ĲģСū׵Ļˣǲѽ໳Сһ
Сū̧ͷǺίŤͷȥ⣬ίһͷӮļѡ
ӮʹɫһͼŪٻǡ
ǼҲ۵ֻȥ庢ӡ
Ӯ߹䣬ˣһҸóԵġ
źתӹСūš
Сūһʼ⣬Ӯ졣
Ӳŵϣ۵СۣͶֵֺĶͷ
ײôС֣׵˺òã
Сū͹Цˣ˽Ҳ䣬鶼·ϡ
ǺͺˣӮڱοЦ
Ӧ˸óԵģæӮߣӿɡ
ĳʲôУʳĺϳӶǰŪˡ
ӮҪҲǶิӵĶִܶСԵը
õļȵõ͹һðˡ
ԱߵĴըк֡
ϹϹɳ״¹ըۣϹϵ
Ƥһţ߲Լ֥ʿ
֥ʿ̶ӴĴģǶ֭ƷҺ֥ʿϡ档
׼ô඼δعԣתĴθ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
ݳȾζܽվڹ߶ը͵һѹѹס
ѾȥˣӮһӴȥ
ίҰ㳢һ̵Ҳа
С
ʵΪճ̵úܣĻ̵Сƺ
濾¯Ҳˣש¯Ǻãһܿܶණ
滹˺üǺ𣬿˾ͻǵġ
ݳȾֱˮƨɺżҪԡ
ӮŮȳȽ͵ɽӣѰְŵСƺҲߡ
ˣΧתȦˣתͷΣŹȥȳ
Ŷ
ݳȾܵķɿ죬ֱŮеĴʳУżؾԾݶȥɽӣԼܵƵġ
ӮʣЩԵĺȵŪ꣬ùȥɵˡ
ôͳˣ
ɲСʮ绹Ҫк㣬Լһܱ
ھʣСūﻹһС飬˵ҪǵСжȻҲûˡ
һͷӮ˵
ͷЦĹȥС
ǳ˹ӵģʲôóԵǶŵ
ͷѡӮըȷ
ǻθںʳھˣղٳԸȺһľѾˡ
Ӯ࣬ûԣҲǺܰר庢ӵģݳȾׯ榡
û˸
ͳԱˣСūҲˣ⺢ҲǼʲôԣ̫СûȫãܶණҲҸԡ
ݳȾׯһըˣ;Ҫȥҧׯ榵֡
ׯָᵯһϵĳѨλûۿըʣµׯһ˳Թ⡣
ָݳȾסׯ榵ĲʹҡΣҸƴˣ
Ӯ޿̣˳ȥ
-----------------------
л˵ǹúӶ£ÿβ񷿽ҪϷ֪У˼껨ѾϷȥˣɵ


81 
,Ӯñǰæˡ
κͬʯҪԹȻӦ͸Ϊṩ,
ʶ˵һڵ,κͬ,һܻڣ͹,ԹıͷԵĿ
Թκⳡ̳ʱԽľԽ
κܷЩΪѾɵıڿʼоڶѾ˵Ĵ漰˵ż򣬲Ѿ˺װڵĳΣڱĽڹ⡣
率Ҳ˸ĸĽ
ĸʱȱˣֻṩһЩŵͼֽЩͼֽûУͷ,Ľ˾ܾһ߾ǽģʱ򶼾,ΪԷҲǴġ
ͨ׬ǮһûؽԼĿڴһֹԱʱ֮裬ʣµͶ뵽衢ũҵչȥ
ɳȥѰֵĶҲ½½ظӣסѡ޻ϡӵȵ,ѳĻĵضũ
СЩȥͿʼ֣ЩһҪ취ŻƷ,߲ģҲũҵ´ʳȽһ
ǲӸسӿԾвϰռϱȥһЩˣϣܺܺã˵ҼһС붼ӡ
У괺ֿһѡοԣһ˱ڶࡣ
ĺȱ˲ţ֪˰ɡũ˲ţ̫ˡ
ӺԺѧûѧɣȵһѧҵе˲ŴƲȥ
˲Ű˲ŰǶĶأ
.
մӱˮûüһڣ¾ͼҴˡ
ϣԹܱһš
Ӯ²룬ӹһ
ԾҪˣ
ǣ͵Ļáݡ
ӮеܣԾľ˾ˣá
ԡ

ӮٴοϵݣʥĸҲҷͬģЩԽܡ
£Թ֣κı϶ֵס
ھϲͨӮֽ¬ȥһˡ
¬ȥƬ֮͹ˣǻﻹŸޡ
¾ͿޣҪΡ
ӮӹСūû£ӣ̸
Ůꡣ
ڶѾˣֻǳк䶼Է׷ףŮǷΪŮֻ̬ȡ
˾Ӯɼ檡Կ֦ɢҶӣӮ˻ȥ÷֮£Ա˳ŵĹ̫
¼ӣ۾֪⺢˭ģûж죬װʱ˵ϲߣҲҾбסԼϡ
Χһûٲ͡
ƿϵĶͼ̿
վȥ˵̸
˲̧ͷǱߣӮڵ쿪ֽסҡҡڰޣǺӳʮƯһףϹһ󣬵׺һź顣
ӺޣһŻȼգһЩӳʱĴԡ
κ飬֮ס
Сū˵˽ӮһѳܣӮͼװں׷
ҪץסҪץס
СūϲϷ˸ҪûգҪݳȾׯԼ
ӶݳȾ˵Ǳȵ컹ѵ£ǲԸɣÿζ¾ûӰˡ
СūֻӮںץһСū·ֹɿСūǰܣΪԼûץ

鷿ﶼĻЦ
̧ͷ˿ЦҡҡͷӮǴ۰СūָСūһСݡ
һСõҹ顣
Сūϲ϶ҪӮ˯Сݡ
Ӯ۰Ӷϸϵġ
ˣӮźӹ̸ˣ
ͷҪȥһ

ԣԾŵκ֮ƽκȻĶģԾļıóѡ
κṩ֧ԮֻκǣסԹԹ޷гͷ纺ƶȮ֡
ʰȮ֣ΧԹ
Ծ֮ʵܴ̣ճ̶Ȳڳ
Ȼûֱ֤֤ĲйأҲܲ鵽һЩ˿лӵֱʡ
λѾûٺҲܲһأŷн͡
ӮԾľ˾ˣӲܺѡ
ѣȴҲûпܣֻҪն㹻࣬ͲϹ̧ԹĽ˵㣬һƬɫ
ӮᣬϷԹ
κǵطƽ֮õҲ࣬ԹͲͬˣͲûġ
ߣϷԹмκҲӲ׾پ¡
˭ȥ
ʱվ˳˺һıˡ
ϣɳȥ˵ʡ
ͬܿɸûзȥ϶ɣû򵥣תͷͽ֪ԾǾ鷳ˡ
ȷʵʵѡ
ǻ۶У㣬Σ壬Ʋġ
.
ӮССū˯
СݾͷǵĴб棬ԭǵĹӶŲȥˡ
˯ʲô㣬˭СūǣҲ᲻úϸĸ˯ˡ
ϴҲСݣס°
Сū˯𣿡
ţ˯ˡ
ᣬֻСūԲӣȷСū˯֮ƿ˳ݡ
ҹþɴƳɵӵסһ¾ˣֻө΢΢ԵСݸܰ
ǣסֻصϣѳζǽСһſ˯
ɵϣָ̧
ˡ
ͷ£
ϳԷʱͿˡ
ԥһ²˵ȥǳǡ
ӮֱΪʲôʲôˣƶˣ
°֮ƺ纾ʹ˻˹ǳǣֻ֪˶Ϊǻڰ񣬵ʵڰԪ
ƶûţȥԾûôöԸȥƶȥߣҪǸԹûŷҲò
ͻȻľǾ˼ǵ*ҪԾӦ֮ǰȮ֣ͱȥ纺ƶǲɵġ
֪ӮȥСūֻС벻ΪӮΪ˽ͱҪȥ
廹ûкáӮ졣
û취ָ۷ʱڵģҪӺŲУҪȥܲסġ
ʹׯ榣˵עЩû¡
УҲͬ⣬ԴŸƶǸôǻлڣȮƴǵģ㲻Ƿȥɡ
Ӯٺܿ죬ĶҪˡ
סͼ侲
˵˵òãս˲Ϣ䣬ģȥòãҸ㱣֤Ҳ󣬾ںָӣ֤µģ𣿡
ʲôұ֤Ӯ۾ͨ죬ѾЩʧˣڲʲôұ֤һأҾһأ
췴Ǵı֤Ϊû£ºҲź˺óʱҩŻָڶڣηġ
СǱߴСūĺߺ
ӮظŤȥ
קӣⲻڸô㲻ȥҲȥˡ
ô˵Ӯܿ۵׵ʧ䲻ɡ
սһֱԸ
-----------------------
л˵Ĵ󹫼ͻȻˣ߶һڣƾ׷ŹҧۻƻǺܿԵģǴƣ[ī]


82 
ݽڵסտ,ƶ޻żɹȥһֻȸ
վµǵ۲µӰͷ֪˶ãֱݳȾӻȵͷ
ƼӮ,û,ֺαطȥ
ǰѪ,ͻӪҲӪȥ˶ӺӺǡ
ߺ,Ӯʱվ¿˭óʾ¡쾡ЩҲȰ·˸ǴȰûֹ
ΨݳȾ֪ӮִⲻϣҲǿš
룬ǿֹʹӺҲͷˡ
Ӯתݡ
ݳȾҲĲǶô
ƽʱ,һ̶ֿ˭
ӮøСƺ˵Щ˵Ļ⣬̫̫,Сƺ
£
û¾Ͳ˰ݳȾ˵ߴӻͳһţǴģߵĳ,κķȥ
κ
ӮӹţһĿʮеĿ˳˼ȥκʲô
ȥ,ҲȥͨµӮֻȥǰֽŵԭⲻ£һֻ࣬Ϣȥ
.
差ǡ
ǽûյ˿ȹڻƷӵĽ̺̿ٻ
ʾϣضҪԹˣΪʲôȽ֮ʱûȡҪɱ֧ԮκԹⲻ൱Ҫκ֣˹ȻȴҲһľҪɱ֧Ԯ˺Լֱӿսˡ
˵ǳգսаܸ⣬Ծܴ裬һֱһӮ
ű󣬵ûĶ֣Ҳиȱ㣺ıԡ
ϵ޾˫΢ߣŮΪȡ
һͨɧ۹𴽽ǣǿѿеĹͷҪھͿҲ±Լ
ջǸ㲻ףǳĵĹ㹻ˡ
Ĭ˵ȥκţٻ϶ֵʱ
˲˷ܵ򴽣˫۱ŷʤĹʡ
ʦǱ߿нչ
ᵽվüͷûУʦ˵Щͼֽѿûлҩȣʦ˺öζûɹԼըĻͷģʦ˵ҪǲܽҲըԼˡ
ڵͼֽǵϸӺǵȴʶãʦҲо˺ܾòǿ˼֪Щܵͼֽʲô
ڡը
ʦҲ޷˫ԾͫˣȻƳޣ͸ҲͨŶԡ⹥Ȯ֮ǰһҪڣ첻ͷ
ظ֣ϱǳĹˣþţ˾ɱ
һԴȵŮĺð亹
.
Ҳ٣϶޵
鱦޳С
£ѩǰİףӳſ̳ȥһİ׳
ҪӮ⣬϶ҡͷȫǰףڰϲ»ɥ°
˵ûڣһ׵ֽ
װվԶ𰱻ӭ
Ѽ˶ȻԹĽȤ
ΪɱԾǻ𰣬ھֻϢˡ
.
ԭըһӣཫɣȮˤ¡
ӭչģīһĺɫ
ĻסȮҪӵ·ߣûϽ񵱳һ׷ŰɱԼҲͬ³
ӪڣտӺţС
Ȯսܣԭ
ԭȮֵĴӪֻҪԭȮ־ѳ
۵׵ɫһգƸͼԭλá
ʤ׷󻼣
ͬԭϵǣ׷Ȯֺ棬ֱȮֵɱȮھɥ֮Ȯ
Ȯڲ֮ǰйڧСһԪڸסѪĽ
ѪܿʹԭȮ챻Χڣǿһ㣬ûͶҪⵥ
ҪӦսׯʡ
Ӯָ⵱ҽҲˣһ·Ǿմ̼
ڹ滮ȥо·ߣԣͷ̧˵ʱǱʱҷʲôɵҪӦսץԭҪġ֪ǰȮֲͶɱˣøǷϻ
һߵСȥ
ׯ榰ٰĵɣûкöԣ֪ҾͲˡ
˭Ӧ
㿴ʱǸɫҲӦܳ𣿲ҲкôֻҪƽȥ֮ʲôͶˡ
ӺЩóԵģׯ榾̲ס̿ˮӪĴҲѳԣ϶ĳûȣҪӮ³Ǿ͸ˡ
ͣ˼ҲӮСūȥǡ
ֻ඼רų˴Ļˡ
ѪԭȮ챻ס
ⳡսʱǳ̣Ϣʱܶ˶ǲŵģñҲڶ̶ʮʱ͹ԭ

һϢǲֶߡ
˳ͼֽͶԹĺҲһݡ
Ծǰڹ޹ҲڽܹĵоڣҲ˸һ⣬ͼֽϵ֣ջ
һȺͰ
ϵȫɨ䣬Ծŭɶ
ѾȮ֣ʱԹ
ڲͬӶʢʱˣӹ֮ܲɱֻԣ֮ǰݾõӣݹʬǶȻ޴棬Ҳûӹһ䡣
ԾļĸȫͷҳǲģʵΪ
ŭԾ侲ȥɱ
͹ȥһ׮ףҲҪرʱˡ
ĸ˶ǰȥִУţٳδȵϢ
ԹżѣΨԾӦǸþ˾ǲˡ
ŮӡСǰ
Ծδмλ֮񣬾ͻǹƺû䡣
żǹΪ˴룬ò˳ӡ
Ǹ϶Ѿˣ֮λ綼ġ
ŭ𰣬һöûУ粻ס
Ծںڰ֮УʵĿ塣
ȥ˿Ϣ
ޡ
ڰһЦǣѹԱϣԭıˣͲ֪Ǹþ˾˵˶ĺô
͵ͷһֲ˵
Ƭ̣Ծˣٸȥһš
ؽϡ
ȻԸǾͲҪĺˡ
ͬͱʮԹԡ
ɱ֧Ԯκ̲ԹϾǣҴͦ
Ҳ¶ҰģͬԹκ빥Թ
лͿԾҪˡ
ΣͷͶĺŸԾ˸ǣס⡣
-----------------------
л˵ΪĻ˴󹫼ûֹֽкã´˹ˣҧǰŻ챻һ٣ίŵ̧ͷƶ˺üȻҲŹ˼ƽױһڴ


83 
ڴ,İȴæգ֮ҪСˡ
ʵӽ쵽죬ʳĲȥ귭ֹ,ϹǷ
İռڶڻ˲,Щרϰ嶼˵պ,߰Լ
̹̣ҪԵ,ҲҪģսס̶ӣЩ˳ȺӺɹۡ
۷࣬һǷһɹɵĺۣؼԼӺеۺС⡣
ϰÿһţŶҪ˾ﲻ
ԱǼҵɵ꣬Ҳʮֻ𱬣絽,ǶԷ
һɼһܳԵĺܱǶ±⣬,϶ǺģθС˳һͳˡ
̻Ľ֡
˿ʯ·ܸɾ,̯СԼרŵĵطռͨҲⶪòҶ֮,̯֮ҪѲɨÿֿڵͰȥʱרŵ˽Ͱڵɨߡ
ǵҲⶪѲץҪǮģ˱˶һҲʲôݣûعҪǮ
Ϲڳд򷣿Ҫɨ֡
Ӻ̶Ӷʼ鷳Ҳýû˰ɣרЩСϼƽϣĳǳػĳţ࣬Ҳ⣬Ҳû
Щ˾ͷӺץĺôˣɾòࡢҲʺζð
·С̯˲֪˭ײһ£˭˭ôײ˰
Ǻʮ˴Ӹǰɿܹȥ㽫ײɡ
ﰡǣû۰
С̯ϰסԷЦŽ͵ԭҲԵʣ˵
ʲôԵҲôײ˰
˵ǣЩ˶ȥӺԺɹݸԼҺӱģȻҪȥˣ˾ˡ
ν⣿
֪С̯ϰ忴Է˵Ĵ磬һţӴӣͷӺɣǲ֪Ҳ
ǽɹݵ˵Է
˾ȣҪǮ
ѹЩô죬¿ûвҪǮԺɹݡ
ֹǲҪǮɹݳɼ߻ֱӺԺͬҪǮǸʲôС̯ϰһ¸ˣŶѧ𣡳ɼõĶУרԺѧӵģʿѧҪýѧҪȺѧӸС
ѧǽųܹλ
ЩʿѧӿǮĵ죬ԺĺѧȴĹᣬѧϰƴî˾Ҫõѧ
ʿѧǿʤľͷѧڽԼЩŵıȥǲ涪
߶ҹӺԺķӼοֵģȥӰɣ
ķӾȥ̷ӳ
̾ͽŽµĻᣬ˳һ䣬
ӮͷӣԺ־ּɣܳʲôӣ͸ʿѧЩΣʶ
ȻΪԼþ˲ⲻ֪ˣ죬䡣
ߣʿôԴȴڶϱȲ΢ĺѧӣ˵ȥЦԺôñǿ׿ˡ
ʿҲһˡ
ҲôãԺʿѧӾʮƲϺѧӣìܳзշҲǵĻἤìܣʹԹ
˵Ż̵߾̲סӮ顣
۷ӵﵷң̶в£ӶҪץˡ
ŵӮֻܵͷĺ壺СūԣץɿС֡
ְӸʹǲſ⿴ʲôӦǸƵġ
Ӯҿ֧Ǻץ裬Ҫȥպī
ǿɲȻԼ·ԼӾͲҪˣñɺɫ
̨ƿӮ¬һ黹ûų̀Сū㷢ӡ
СūӺ̫棬ʸƵӮ°ͣһ£ȴ㲻ڶ¡
̵ͷ촽ҧ˫
ȥСū˺Щ죬θҲ֮ǰãԭֵСһȦۣҹСūĶţӲ뿪ǰ
СūǲˣȴҲ˾ϣϾֻܼ͹¶⡣
СūԣأھϻӲʵֵľûúô񣬹ҲǿЦãȰɹϲ簮һŲԾΡ
Ȱҳ´󹦣ʱ˵̫ϲĻû˵ˡ
ЦЦӮѾСЦˡ
̧ͷˡ
ܺá
治ɫʾԼղûЦ
˰ӣӮҲˣûķŵһߣҵ¡
ǰӼһǱйء
֮ǰûܸ̼޵ϵļұͻȻͳ̵ɩӣøԭѸ룬Ҳˡ
֮͸ҺլȮøּңҪ·ϵ̺լ
·˼ϵĵˣЩլȻҲϵģ͸ðµĹƽּҲ
ںլô궼ûŸ·ЩͻȻǱû˽˭ţǲ֪Լ룬ǼǱ˸˵ʲôδ֪
ϵļ£漰լҲӮҲֱӲ֣Ҳ̼мίƶӺΪѣ¾һּ
·ϵլҲһݣ·ֻǴΪӪʣµҲΪ·˽ϲ޹ϵҪҲǷԭĶЩⱻʱʿϹϷȥڻиƨ
̶ԼǸ¶˵Ҳʮԭڼ˶Լ֮ķϣЩҲû򵱳Ͳø簲Ȼ߳ȸ̨ɼ˷ǵ˼ڹ䱾˵Ľֵ²
Ӯһ񣬡𣬾
Լ˷ǳʧ
Ӯɫӣ֮ǰ;ЩƫִһƵĹ£ԼһزͷĹ·
Ҫ˴˶Ψ㲻Уһˣ˵ĭܽ
ֵּ֮ǽ֪ǺνסģѵͲںԼںǱأǱߵӲûù
ֱͦϺ޲
˵һ仰ӷͬϿɻǵãﻹӣּҿԣ̰ģҲöڱıóѣף˵һ̸Ͽɸ̶һѣ
ϵĹﶼô£һͦӮû취ģǵ˭׼˾ʮͷţ
ȥǸһ㶼ʡġ
СҲǡ
Ӯ̾ȸ̨Э㣬ȥԼһǿͷ鷳ʡʡ𣿡
̶ס
뿪ˡ
ӮͱСū鷿˼
ϣˡ
-----------------------
л˵Ҽ¿ȻԸԶˣ̫߳Ǳ˰ȣף㤣


84 
ϸСūϴ,ĽСһסͷŵȥˡ
鷿һңСūʵˣԹڴϵӮ·
ⲻ,Ӯؿշ,һ˯Ŵÿ,϶СūԼһ˯
ڴ϶СūĲżߣͷβķ϶,Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥģһ¾ܿٳһСūÿѰƵڴҷ
￴СūƨڴβٳһѰƴ񽣡
Сū̫ˣ񽣶֪Ǻʱеˣ涼ǺԲģϾǸСĶ̫Ū˺ӡ
һСūƨɣ˯ǰѰСĿѴɣ˯
СūԼ¶ܵĺ̹Ȼ,ˣСūȻ˵ĺӣô,ͽоͽС
СūȥץС˯
¡Ҫ
Ӯͷ۵ĿɰŮ,һͿУ㽲,׵ţ㽲˵Ĺºòѽ
ţСūСƵĵͷ۾
Ӯʹ򿪴ͷİȡ쵽ţչֽϤּһ£ü۱ͣСū˽ĸŮ໥ſдţǺòã˵ǣ̸ս
ԹҲ˻ڣӦǺ֮ǰӺȡ˲ͼֽһսûűغǣڸԾһͼ˵Ԯ
ӮţСūҲʮ棬С

Ӯͣ£ţ
СūͷȥӴͷķ϶ֿٰ٣ٳһСͻڣȻɷµİڷͷϣָŻڸ˵ڣ򣡡
ȣСūŵϣô֪İ˭ģ
Сūδ꣬ޣһֱָŻںɱƺ㡣
ӮЦˣпġ
Сū޹Ĵ۾
½ˣǸ˯ˡ
庢˯ҲǸɵĻӮ˹ɣԺܿͰСū˯ˡ
Լûʲô˯⣬ְóһ顣
ֽеī㣬սƺŵսζԺԶĳдʱĳ
оңңӪڣѲߵʿ͸ڰǰд
һյµԣӳӢݣµּپÿһֶŶǵǣҡ
ḧֽϵīֽؿڣ·һЩ
¹һɫɴʵĿС

еһ̾˼
.
ѴĴֻûгǰս³Խ󷽾Խң򹦿һڼһ֧̡
̻ﶼеǰͬϸ˵Ӯûеһϵ
ϵĲҵһֱ·ڴǰҲգͬϸһ˱֪֮һͶ붼迿Щҵά֣Щҵ·˵ģʵǾϺͷ˵ġ
̳Ĭͷ
Ǳߣȸ̨ѲĲ̶࣬ͲҪˣû˵
֪ԼٶԼˣǺ˺
ƻһׯﲡأӺ䣬ʺһϼ
ǸڣʵҪϼңⱲӶ뿪磬λչûõɩӡ
￴̣͸¶Źġ
˶κΨ˼£̶ϲ˵ȴܵġ
½˵ԹҪԸʮ͡
·˵ģϢӦҲ촫Ӻˡ
λӦﶼԹǰǲӲʹˡ
ȴǣͳ壬𲻴ӦҪҪϢ֮λ϶֪ҪλţԹܳƷŴǰ˻ͼֽԹҲ˻ڣⳡֻ»еĴ򡣡
ɣ
¿ŮթıдͷҲö࿴
ص伮࣬ѾѹԺĲ
.
ԹҪ񾭲뽫תӮҲһţڳѡ˶Ҫ͸
Ϣ״ʱӮڹСūճǵСѼ
ݵŵë׵ĻɫСѼӼһѡ
СūѼԱߣ̲סҪȥСѼӣֲ̫ңһջ
ŤͷӮ˷ܵĺѼѼѼѼ
ͷ˲ټѼ룬ƽʱӮҲûٴճǵСѼͷμ
ԣѼѼһǡסСūַŵСѼӵë档
ĴСū۾ɴˣСѼӾԶĿ£Դһֱڲ֣ڡ֨֨ĽѼִƵġ¸¡ͬ
Сūֺ־档
ɣٳһ㻹ˮȥĸӽ͡
СūСѼĲֺ
ŮտţӮվߵ档
ݳȾſڵһ֪˭ˣƲֵĵͷСʯӡ
Ÿ
ݳȾСʯӺݺԶ涼ʲôˣ㻹˼Ѽӡ
ʲôӮ¡
˰
Ŷ
һ㶼żݳȾ׷ʡ
ӮָԼ˱裬һڣɷµۣǱߵĲҶǲ
˭ҶˣݳȾҪ
ǻ𼱻ǵСƺҲһ˵Ҳȵܻġ
*ȣݳȾĹĵģ˭Ƿ
Ӯ˻αеĲˮ˵㣬˵Ϊʲô£⣿ð졣
.
úһƪӮֵ֮ġŮ֮衷¾ڸش
Ϊߣܾ֮ʱԼױڣıͼ棬Ϊܣüʣ䱰Ҳ֮ʼȼŮӣŮΪ⽻ףǲΪܣΪ٣Ц󷽣ǲ֮ˣ
⻹ֻժһ֣ԭһƪݵ佫ȫ˸飬ΪΪˡĻˡ
ʱŮԵλͣԾӲʱᵱɽƷޡȥˡ
ⶼƵýȨԭ±һֱӮĲԺס·ǳС
ս޹İաΪƷŮӡͯἤӮ֮ģڶʱҪʿ˺Щ޹ˣܲȻյׯڣǵзҲУá
ģٵȻȮ֣ϸִǰֻȳɱӶûУôصİճ
ƪᣬЩ߸ϵȨ˶ǣУͬЩΪƷŮԣΪҲǱ֮ıˡ
еݾڿഫЩѾʧȥɵŮӶУǴǰʲôˣʲôݣֻΪ˭£Щ޲ݣ¿ɬˮ
ԷʱӮͿݳȾ۾׳ɺҡ
ôˣ
ûʲô
ݳȾͷˮӿ뵽С
-----------------------
л˵ˣɽﱾҹ²ڸˣ껨ʼˣҲʼųһ˯ˡ


85 
˸ݳȾйʻ
ǲʲôˣǳˣ
ЩСƺص,Ҳ֨ҲΪСƺġ
ݳȾͷָŲ˵
˵,һءһҪæ
ݳȾһ,죺Ųᡣ
ʲô
㲻᲻ҵġ
ӮЦ,СƺǳԶ˰
ݳȾһ
Ϊʲô£˵
ݳȾԥ˰˵ǸѾ·,ô죿Ҫ£Ҫ֪ˣĶ˼Ϊ̣϶Ҫˡ
ΪӮдƪ½Ů׵˶˽ȥõ˲˵֧֣гĳƳ¡
ͬҲԼܵ˸ߴͬЩŮôǾͰδǡ
ԾգҲǸҪģȻĽתӮ,˶Ѿ·ˡ
Ż˵ԼŮԭȱΥףǿķϲ,ӮȻϧ֮ģͳ֮ΪѰһõĹޡ
𰣬ضӮ,գӮǹ˵ĺ,ҪϣҲһѪ飬ԺĶ˵ˡ
ݳȾż
ӮһݳȾԴϣû㵱㰡
ݳȾţѵһ㶼⣿
ͨҷҪԵĶ벻ҵۣ֪⣬Ϊ֥С˸УҲδ̫С
ͷ˲֪ãֻŻ곡Ϸ
ҥͲ²ǰ֪˶٣ҲĹ롣
ûȥ֮ǰͶصķԼֻʱ⻹˵ɵ˵Լ֪⣬˵ġ
ң˽⣬˾ͲǸ鳤֮ģΪԴ׾սڲˡ
ǽ⵱ˣǼ衣
֪Ծ˴ʲộĵԸ⣬Ѫ̤ԹĲ죬ⶨԼеĳնԾ
ݳȾ㶵ģ˻ŵǻġ
֪˵Լ˵Ӯ
ӮƸͼϣ֮¾ŵҶ֮Զ䣬ˣҵҲ
ܾˣ֪Լһ飬ضǴ
仰ݳȾĿɳľƸãӲϻ顣
鷿ݳȾֻ֮߳ͷ
Ӯڰǰдʲôʹüͣûоϡ
ƫƫһȥûƵˣ縺һ֮ðհҵý裬ǻסߵˡ
ˣݳȾҧƺ¶ĳ־ġ
.
һƷȥͬľżڳڡ
Ӻǣѹƽɾ·棬еһӾͽΧЩʻ
Թκڴ̣սеİտ಻ԣȥʳȫ޹֮
Ψдӽ̶ԸͼһЩճ伢Ķһ꿪ȥмճɡ
ǺõģͷȽԼĵأֳʳֻҪʱ˰ʣ¾Լģҿѻĵصǰ궼ý˰ֶٵö٣ǰ꿪ʼûǿ˰ġ
ǱߵʳռﶼϵĽھӪﻹԣͷܱȵģһĵĳҲûӡ
δ뿪ĲǣסŮӸʱԾҲ̹Ժȣһ֪һ·Թſյжࡣ
еŮЩİһԵģŮû¡
ԡ롢κصİգһݹᾣľİЦݣ·ЩׯʱܿٺͯڴˣǻߵģŴ־
ӮдƪˣӮµӺֺ档
ʱҲ̲סСĵĽСһ죬ϸ쿴˳ڵ־
·߽ﲻЩԭˣĿ߱ǣģ
ˣؿʯȦȸΡЩݶʹֵ֣ᡣ
ԭӺ
.
˶ˣͻȥȻʵزȥزȥԹǲӺֻһ·ڵ
Ӯͬĵɵӣ˿϶ǲܽҲûʣֻҸס𰡣
λûбϹŮʲôȥǰǲǣ£ɸôþôã˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ûг棬ȥŵġ
Ҫڲʾ˵ĳ£һڲסģɫòǸ˶Ѫ
ӹǧ˼ȴһ˿ԣҲһ㲻ǳЦŮסڴ˴¶Ѱ׵ŮкҪᡣ
ʶĸ˸л
ǰƤҲѩһİס
ϸ˿ʣŮоɼ
һ㶣ǡʱһ磬еʹܲס͵ؼ
Ǹס졣
ңðźŮȲ衣
ºһڲ裬⣬·Ⱦ˷纮¡
˹ȥԸ˵
Ҳ׷ʣվŮ۳Ͷ٣һ·࣬Ҳ׵ұ㲻ˣŮЩЪϢ
Ҳվٴζʾл
ֻһͣԭԹȥġױˣֻŮ
ͬ·˲̤ҰݣǰδûбӣûС
Ҫߡ
ʱߵŮȴʣΪνӭŮ򷢵ֵطǺε
ŮԾŵģȨܣҲ
ƳƳǸŮ񿴸ˣԼʹ˸ɫ
̾ĸ׳ĸǰŮδӦ֮ǰһץסȶס졣
ãǰ˸˵ơ
𰵨СѾŵõϡ
︧µдѣӺ
أŮ۾ɵͭǾ֡
ﶼûŮ˵ġ
Ů̫أҽվŮˣõźŮ
𰲻˵һ֣ܺ£ΪŮԾרģʱ⴦á
ҲֻŸ˽Ůߣ˶ڴ⣬֪淢ʲô¡
ſҲڣ۵׵ĮȻͻˡ
ʲôʱģ˹ȥ
ѵûп׽ǸΣòô
֪Ҫòȷʵס
ȵùݳȾ
Ȼܡ
ݳȾǵȵľɫòУֻƽﲻŵ־ݽԼŪòĿö࿴ʾˣҪõ˿ҪӺǶˡ
̳׷ģȲͳɡ

ҽ㲻Ӻ˸꾫Ϲô졣

ݳȾĶ߾ϣǸûϷ

ʵ˵òƲŮɫֻһλѡ
ˣǱ˵ˣ˵Ҳûš
󲻾ã˽µŮ˹ǻֻģÿվչʳӣĴӲʡ
ţǰ׺óݣȥľʹȥ˵ЩӺڵ
δйɣĲʱţھӵĳ񣬿ʲô档
.
ݳȾסĵط˼죬ŮŵԵģûӮ͹Ҫôװ˶ɾжҪôûۣɵ
Ծ͸û۵ɵӺ϶װģҪס˵İѱɡ
-----------------------
л˵ιǰľͷդϣĸʹСܳ԰ҿжԣɻҪˣ°˦ƣ˵϶ǴƴĹ׷դײģƾȱ£ˣưһ


86 
붬һѩ,Ӻ˲ͳװع硣
ѩһҹԺ˺һ㣬СūҪѩˡ
ŮǶ档
ĸƵ,Բ,ϴ¹ƤС,һů͵ޡ
ͷϴñҲ¹ƤģѼ,ϸϸܵķ֮һҲȥůɣźëС
¹ͺ궼֮ǰݳȾɽԻģصؽҪСūװá
Сūѩ¶۵С
Ӯվ˫ֹСūˣѩصģϸˤš

ѩ˶Ѻ,Сūͷɱһͷײ
סСūůůֶŮ˵,Ҳȥ𣬲źˣó˶Ի,˳ԡ
ŮϲЦտлϣ
ͣһٲḻĻҲ׳Եġ
ǰͷԸ,ʱǸˣ̧ȥľһʬ壬ûһƤĵط˭Ƕǻͷġ
ͬþϱ˸ˣֻҪʵ£ϴ±ߵ˶ܺá
صӮСūŵůϣѵĶ¹Ƥס¹Ƥñӡ
Сū֣ûţůġ
ͷô䣬㻹С˾͵úҩҩ
Сū¶ı飬ܵҩҩ
ǰʱ轵СūеðҽҩǺȳӰˡ
СūԹԣǾͲúҩҩòã
ţС׵ĵͷ
Ӯһ̲ˮֺԣﱧȥڡ
Ȼȥ棬ɽӺˣͨģƵɳ̾ͷǱߡ
ɳֻ֣Ȼþ£Ǹ˾ǶǿȻطġ
ɳ˺ü֮Ƴɵģڱռĵ̣Թһ֡
ɽԭĮսӪڣʮֱ棬ֿ˸С档
ֻҪǰߴƽϢͻὫСԹһŲȥֱȫռ졣
ףСūָ˶
ţأСū벻ף
Сūصͷ룡
Ҳ
.
ķѩӺˣѩûȣУֻս
ǰʼӪؾͿʼ½½ʿȾΪǷ纮ҩҲЧأеľҽ޲ߡ
ӪеҩҲ漱ѩ·ҩĶٳٲ
ۿŲھӪӣҲʮżѾׯȥ鿴ζ
ֵʱ춼ѹѹģëѩƮͣ
ׯƿصëձӽˣǷ纮ж
ڵشվ𣬱Ϣ𾪵ˡ
ʲô
ѩǣˮˣʿЩȵĶѩˮҩЩѩˮУɫζʱ͸Ⱦ纮֢״࣬Ѱҩãòϰжʿͻᱻ
ͳ֮ƣδй̣ԹߵĴ뽮ռˡ
ڽڰ˵ԾƱػһᷴûɹ裬û뵽Էʹôյ
ЩӪˮȱг֮һʿȵѩˮһ¾͵ôʱԾûˡ
ݺݴɫˣҧɣʣзӽⶾ
ⶾҲѣӪʣҩ޼
Ѿȥǳǣܿͻҩ
˳飬һҪ¶ҳ
ׯ榵ͷ룬þϸ룬ѩԴӵӪȹιҩҲδɡ˽һͰѩҪ֤
ױ⣬֣߰ȥ
ױȥܿһͰѩû˵֣װѩͰҲǸɾġ
ׯѩӨʢģ䡣
Ҫѩսڱǣ⼱æֹģһƮѩж
û¡ׯ榴սţ˹˹ĵһı顣
ҲһĽţΣ
ׯĵеѩϣҩͻƮЩѩС
ı£⻹ŵģֻ벻ͨԾܽҩ쵽ЩѩУʱƮҲƮ
£ָһµ棬Ϣ顣
ǰЩȸ̨鱨˵Ծȥǽӻ˸ʲôˣҿʼΪǸñģڿδˡսķйʿʱ˽գ΢ҲþûһԾԮɣܻԴУֻҪˣǲ֪ʲôݣЩ¡
ׯһйأɫͱ䣬ǻͽ˭
ױȥʣʲôͽ
ׯ榵ݣ֪Լ˵ıϺᣬиϷ˾ͷ൹Ҳû
ӮȤֻҪκ壬κʳþƹܹβþӳȥַ
ܻĹŮΪϳͽͶӣͽõɱȣ˴󹦣ҪʱȴͻȻɣҲö֪ǿ϶кŪһѩдҲˡ
Ӫܣ˽룬ܻϸ¶ҷҲ֤ˣƮѩжһ֣ׯϤúܡ
ºܼ֡
һȸ̨Ծǲ˵֮ˣڵ֮Ƚⶾ»鷳㣬еľҽûӡ
ȱҩѾȥˣһʱŪǼˡ
ԭĵڶʮģжѾͦȥˡ
ΪȶģϢ
жһ£ʿѩˮȽʣµľˮ
ׯ榿ˣûġ
ҹԿӺţһǰģѾ˺ܶ顣
Ӯ˵ԼСūܼǹ˵Сū࣬˵ĻҲˡ
Сūڻд֣ëֽͿһӮͰҲһ˹滨߰㣬ʲô
ȴ쳣ϧźá
д˻ţûиӮ˵ʿжһ£ӮӺԼ
ҡҷױ첽ͷһˣо
Ӫز˿ֵصʿڿʱͲżˣڶԷǰ죬ִݣûб
˸Ӻܸߣһװ磬ץñɿͷ
ӣǸθŮˡ
ȸ̨ɣݼˣ
Ůˣԭɡ
ݳȾ¡ͯһ˱ƿصļ֮һݳȾ֪ںη
ºͯȸ̨ΪӮ£ʧɱݳȾϵ˵ԼȮֵĵ⡣
ǣòײþ˼ЦˡץץԼͷ
ʾԼòȡˣðѩҹͷЩǣ
ҩģݳȾŸˣҩĵӶСͻѩ·ˣѰ̶ӵҵնӾû£ߵЩûɣ
Ӯİţҧ˴ûԼʧ̬ԶӺϵÿһ󷽵ĹӲϡ
ǡǣȦ΢죬סӿ
û飬ʱ
-----------------------
л˵Ҽиѣӷˣ껨֪ôģ뷽跨ȥèѣ˯ֵģѳܲס죬ˡ


87 
ҩ,ܽȼü֮
˽ҩ̵ׯҩЩжʿҩܿ͵õ˺ת
ΪԷһ˽Ӫ¶һ顣
ѩ,ܽҶȥ,ѱԷ
ԸЩ,û취ׯ,ͳˡ
ӪĿյؼţƤģΧһȦׯ³ŲмϣӯˣţƤľͺǰǣȫ
϶أǧǰɱЯĶëѩ෴ķȥӵһһѩʯ顢ľ֦
հͬҹ١
֮ʿͷ,ȫ𾪵Ŵ͡
ҲǾȵģվӪ⣬Ŷ,紵ķ˿
ǸơͬԶ׳ۣڵĽ
Цׯ榲ҵˣϷĴ˾ǰӲ,صȥϷΪѰҩżׯ榣ҵķ,͸Ӻˡ
ԭڱʱҲ˵˹ߣΪǹųļϢɱЩϲ֮ˣ뾹ġѹ־ݳȾҴǧֶ̲ҩģҵʱо̵ҩҪĶ࣬Щ̲֮ҩֲǾģΪҪ׼ߵľϵ˽ˡ
̲֮ЧҩĶҪ۲ͣԭǸλãǾ˵ͨˡ
ůůģϵҵ塣
Ϳຮսʱܲķˡ
˵Ż۾û뿪󣬲֪ɷɻȥķѩԾѣҲÿУڲѡ
ѩôׯ榾ʹһĲ£Ѱ϶Ҫ˵ģӹʱͷǺҿȥۣɫס
̷У˶ȵļ̲ġ
ׯ榿ӣ۵˼㣬ζһ
ˣҺڡŽӹ룬Ҳֱ̲̣Ӿͺˡ
һ̲ȥžúЩָ˵
ûˣҶˡ
˸ֽȥõõİӶ
ǰ׼ЩֻΪׯ榰ԣԼôһæӦһٺõġ
ׯץżȿУһ⣬Ҳ̸æǰװģȥ֮ҪóԵģҪûԹģҲܸݳȾԡ
Ӯȳӻ³ԡ
ׯ榱ݳȾһ֪ú˭ģⲻú壬Ҳס
Сū²֪ͣúƭֻҪСūһ棬Цˣ޲ˣͿģ⿪ӮͿģҲׯһݹͣԵʲôҲˡ
ɲǰ׸⿴ӵģȻˣǸҲȷʵԵ
ݳȾͲ߾ȹϴҪóԾֻȥ͵͵˻ҪӮ˵͵ҵС
ݳȾܱǳ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôʲôˣӮߵһ仰ͷѡ
УȻȥóԵģʲô㡣
һΪ
ׯһ㶼ˣϾսٻغϣԹȻʦس
ԹǲܵģȲ˵ǺѩǣУԹıҲѶԸ
ǽŻڵһֱռϷ磬ֻⶼó
Թ֮٣޻ڣֻⳡ̻Ҫϸ֮꣬ٶƽѾǳѰˣٿǲ˵ġ
ж֮£һȥȴ
ԾΪǲðѩ*ǰС
Ҳ˷ԣôѩԾǰʤҲ󰡡
԰ô죬ڵڹܶסˡ
ˣ𳳣ô˵
ʮˢˢϵ⣬ȻҲ£ǡ
ȳ̽صӪϢһ㡣
ɳȥ򣬵˵ڶհŻһˣҺ˿ڲ
ԾӪˣ
ׯڷʱ򻹲˵ĶϷģ˼̾ͻᷢ
ԾԼõӣڱӦˡ
ӪʱͿЩԹʿڵϷ¶Ƥá
ׯҪĽ
ҲһݣһȥһѻԾݺҩġ
˵ĳô˵ģҲҺ˳ǰһ˴һѻΣʱ˵оݺҩģҲûˡ
һϲ̰Ӫ
µѪɫȾĺʢƬѩǵĴء
սʱҲὣ
ӣԺѾǺܾǰˣδǹЩѪȷɱӡ
Ӯ֮ԻͬʾϣҲΪԸսʹʹĴֻ̣Ӻ

һͱб壬νʱѪĽ˿ϣ⣬ֿһˣץסսסӷֱӳӪ
ׯ榱ѰͽڲѾȥˣɡ
Ҫˣֲȥǵã˭ûҪ
ɻûɱ񫣬ôãҪұ
ϻ࣬ȥȥӻûȫƴܲ˵ģҴӦҪƽ¾ͲʳԣŸȥ
ŶŶ׷˹ȥ
˫ɱۣѪʬ塣
ûҵԾͳ˧ܶѾΧˣͲŶԷܵõ
϶ǻװͨʿӡ
ݣ
һ֧̼ƫͷԽ֮

̼䵽űߣڷ࣬綾
̿ķ
˼Լ֣תܡ
ĻöԷѣ֮˳ȥ
ҾҿӲɱһѪ·ֱ׷ǷŰ֮ˡ
ɽ󣬴ѣСŵ
·ˣ⺰
ǷŰ֮˼׷ýнʱͷȴɻ⡣
ۿҪ׷ϣͻȻһȺʿȥͼȺڻѡ
һݣ˽С׼˵ĺȥ
˼ǰ˵͵عվ
ԷݣЦݣܡ
ݾԾͳ˧ΪԹԾ塣
ݼӲѣҧҧһذףת
ٷϻղ˺ݣҪ
Цһһӣֻॡһذױɣһתʺ
ܲġ˵
ңû뵽ԼһжӲס
ͳ˧ˣԾĶж־ɢɳɢ
ׯûӪҵͽ
ݣ͵ͬڶԹߵʮǣסĽĲǱ᧿Σˡ
롢κΧӦ֧ԮҲܰԾơ
-----------------------
л˵δ̨ˣ


88 
Թʮ,Ծʮˣɱͳ˧ݡ
ͬ궬µһս֮ӱ,óκԹڶս,Թڿ,ơ纱·ѸԹϵʮǡ
,-ĹţΪ
ĩòŮԾʽλΪԹ¾
ʱԹѴսԨʹԮ̬֮ԾһıƣȻξȴ㣬޷ӦӶΣ
ַҥԷ״޺,߱ɱڶҳ,Թս֮λ
޺߱ɱԾѲϵҪ˵ս𣬵ԩˡ
λʱԹʿѿѹ,Ϊȡأʿ֮ϣũҵܵƻ,ȥܣʱ䳤˾͵Թţࡣ
һҵչԹǳǺμǹ黹֮Ǿͳ˽ͨŦ
ԭȵȮ֡Լ嶼⣬ٽκҲˡ
ԭԾԹҵ˥䣬ʹò٣֧ž֧ȻҲ½Զ۷ʱڡ
ԾӹܵһǿʢԹʹھϲҲڰܵ˿졣
ֻϧѾ˼ᵽеľȨڲǸ̯ӣΪʸ֮ġ
λ֮ҲıӦ
.
ռƬ֮Ӯ˹ȥȶƣգָԵΪ򣿤ýеߣͬʿߵطָ򣿤գϳūƣѻĵأ֮ͬǰռʮҲͬˡ
ЩġԸⶪֻԼԹ٣Ը˳Ҳɱԭλ볯Ϊ١
һ˼󲿷˶ԸͶֻٲΪԶĲǵļ룬ѡﳼ֮ĲǣΪܽ˱סȴԾĺسǲΪǣǵļҲԾĵ¡
ԾôЩԭĵ׷һ̸㹵ľǵԼסۼ壬ЩͶѰ·
.
ת괺죬ռ򣿤ȵأѴսجлָʼֲ˲֣ⰻȻһƬľ
򣿤ĽʱʱӾӪո֣ҪǮҲðչܷߡ
ҪܸĵأŪˣռ©ˮݶ˵ǽҲޡ
򣿤İպʱܹŵðΪЩ˵ģŮ˼ҶŮڵؽﲻóֱȷЩûж⣬ֻæɻղŷġ
ҲТһЩԵĺȵģպˣûҪߡ
ڶ컹ճԼ˸涼⣬ĸЩСһʿˮСݹ᾵ĺܿͰָˡ
ЩѾܴͷ˵˿һĻ޵С
ԭΪ˵رռ죬նû·δ̫ƽӣǰˡ
ǰпûеأضЩռŵģֻѹȼ档
򣿤ϣٴʲԹأָԹǡĲǡ
ʱԹѩ֣ˣĸ
򣿤ڵĵطѾȥϰհͲý
ľƶԹҲǼ䲻κнṩĻڻҲͽơ
Ǳǿ׳ñ񣬻ڳеѵ˳뻯ĵزսϵĻ޽Ծڽ¡
Թļ֮ձûٽ
ֱĲǣԾڱߵǨԹĸأѪԳ֡
Ǩׯ榿еͽ֣ʤֱµİԾΡ
Ӻ°汾ʢϣǨն
ǨĲǡ
.
Ĳǣ
Žգȴס洫ŭ
ӶİܾԾŭǰźĹѱʮ񻹻ڵĶڵɪɪһԼ
ڣԾս˺˸顣
һȺ
ǽ壬Ƭ˵ĶͷһˣѪҲãڵϣɸ
ڳЩ˺ʢŭԾﻹվһˣš
ӺıʧܣĲʱӮ񣬾뽫ץ˽ӮûȡӮ׷֮¡
ѣֺ㽫ĶҩԾԾӻһֱŮӸ͵
ԾǸˣһղֻŮӣǹ
ҩϷж֮ȾҽҲ鲻
Ծλ󣬺ڿ˳볯ƾΪԾɨԾΣһԾΪ購ʱձһҫ
Ծйŭ𣬺Ųӽ߳
Ϣŭ
һԾ˸ջ²ˤűߡ
˿δֻǴ»ǵۿ˿ϵƬ
ͷԾŭδƳǣ±㵲
һơ
죡Ծŭǰ̫ˡ
ݱӺʱֲ˼֣еҲˡ
˼ƱýңϾ
ĵԾְŰˡ
˵
оէ֣˵ӺʱͶԽݴɣԲбϲŭ޳Ǻ֮ǣͲý赽ͻȻʱ֣˰е飬ɰڽߵ˶ˣûܲȥ֣óӶ϶˼ٰ磬ĽѾˣͻõľֻ⣬ǰزβޣЧҡ
Ҳ˸ۣûԼӮ¶֮£ֻ֪ҩϷɣ϶ǽƾͼƣҺ˼ٰ籩
Ծ𾪣˵
ûʮƶ
ԾϢ˼ǰú˵Ҳмֿš
ǰӮı䷨/ͼΣõӵմһǰ㣬ʵɡ
ֻǵʱ˶עˣ˵ı仯ڱôһԾҲòԾ
ͻȻãԷŵһ£ʮֺǰ㡣
µңǺҲ
.
ıȨλѱ֮Ǽٰ硭
ĴԡǴӱ߹Ӻεķ
УС
ǰΪԱòӮͷʿѸڱƲʹӺңǺûرߵķأٹشǰŲū޵ʿ
УȻΪǵȡ֮ӮǼðģλ
ڵĽòһ飬¾Ҳ
硢ԽΪףԳΪףӪȫӮˣԸŸɣԸأ۳ŵڵģֻҪвŸɾһϯ֮ء
Ϊ֮ף߶⵹Ǹ粻
ͷҥԷ׷ףԳΪ׵Ȼ֧Ӯ
Խû壬ﶼѰ֤ݡ
Ӻϸ֮ӮҲûоϣҲ֮ͨ˽ҲüѪȾ߽׹
۵ĿͻȻǣЩѾԶˡ
ڿϵӮҲʧȥģ׼ȷ˵ͲҪװԭˡ
֧Ŷǣ±ɫסֻ¶ؽ֯ƣһɺɫ觡Ѱ˹뼸δɵķСΪ
ԵﰵɣһЦ᲻صΪȲ⣬ҪǱǳ⣬µǲ֮ˣλΪ½󡣡
̾类סӵҰѼһ¾û
δǸԼ⣬Ӯٴδ
ˣǹ¾һرˣЩҽͳͳϳȥ󡣡
ϣͨأɫˡ
Խȥ
ӮƺûǵĺģĿɨЩͷ֨Ĺ
˭ɹ£
Ⱥأң
Ӯ䣬Լǵڷص⡣
³֮ݳȾеǰ
ݳȾɫҲã˵ҪҪȺɵӣǣǾǲһ㲻֪ǳˣô죡
Ӯͷۣ֣衣
ʲôʱ㻹˼ЦݳȾš
ӮϱĶ䣬ҵС̣СвУҶ㳳ˡ
ݳȾ
룬ӮԸڷأ㴫Ÿ
ʲô
̧ͷһĨ壬ȥĲǣɱ˺š
-----------------------
л˵ǸӴݶҪˣ컹꣬ʪˣǶëմˮ֮ǹζ̫ˣƻ꣬ӶǸζɣҲܹ˭ûһֻëʪ͸ͷĴءˣ̣


89 
ҲĲ±ԴðҪ֤,ֻӮߵĺ̫⣬Ӯ֮⣬֮ǰȰ˵,ǲͬ,ŮĲҪ,еĸҪ
תλòԹŮӣֱӽ˰ڳһƫƧլԺ,ȥһۡ
ȥ񲻾ˡ
׳󣬺ϣ
¹ʹ֮ԭ壬뷢԰˻ĨᣬԴڵ졣
ͷˣϵľҲû˵һ֡
̧ͷӮЦЦ˫Ŀһ£󱳵亹৵ؾˡ
ϡͰ͡
Ӯı䵽ëȻֻһЦԹ֮սڽҪͷ,ȲΪǰʮʿǣΪеİյǣΪվ,ҥԣڳϽŪƣ˵ʲôӵأı֮,˵֮ԣɶԵǰɱеķ˺ʮʿǻɹ˼ٰ磬ð,¾⣬Ǿ飬ǼٵģǴãҥǰ㣬ָΣţ
ţᣬȴεѹȸУѹӮͷҧҪסȴڷΡΡȥ̧ͷ
ԭļ֪ܵӮ嵹ûȡ֮ģͳѪΪ̲ͨ˵éʯͷֳӲ
ӮľӮˣģʵ޴˱˵ĵ֪
ԽѾؽȸ̨ݳȾһ˰ٱкǣ˲ٶ
Ĳǵ̰վǻϻȪ·ġ
Ӯ뽫ӮҲһˣָˡ
װʹӣʧĿӮ崣̾պϰѳֳΪȴһ仰˵ϣֲ浱ο۰˹⣬ȴҪϵɫ£²İȴΪֻװӹбԱϷɾ֮һƣպϵú¶β͡ı꣬һ̲иΪϧһ³£Ƿడף¡´ǰǱƲѣ
ӮóȰ˹ӰݼԼ˸躹踺صľ衣
Ӯ崶ɵˣδ
ϸ£ϵʱȷʵһ졣
ӮʶԼ˹ٴߺ޶ۣЩɴ
Ǳ߾ΪȥˡӮû
æĺܣûʱȥЩˣЩ˽ȥǰߵսҲӰ죬һɢǲԾͺŵԸ
.
ӵݳȾĴţҲȥĲǣΪѵ˷ء
ԾǸĺģϼƲ߻Ҫ׸ǰڵĽ
վڳ֮ϣ˵ԼվٱҪıɱ浳
浳㡪⣡߷ӿĿŭȣӺǸͲǽǾǸðƻ˼ٰģı֤ݣֻҪó£㲻ܽƱ磡µĽţ浳ıڵĹѱ˺ıˣѵҲҪ浳ͬ𣡡
֮Ÿͷϵĺңң
ֱ֮ǰӶΧƲ纲
ʮˣɱȮ֣ٴȮɱأһӵģʱʮ
ʱսξзĵþģԾͺƾʲôΪЩ˻ΪҥԾͱ⣬Ҳδ̫Щ
ֻһʼľͲþĻɢ⣬ԶӺӮ϶໥¼ɣӮɵ˵ĺֻҪһּܽٻأּıɸӮභңԹΣɽ
ҥԱ⣬һ֪
ӲӮԼ
ǸģΪСūӺңȥˡ
ñԼĽ㣬
ĳƨǽѳֳԹ߹ߣһ嵱ǳϢ
ʿעǳ׻ںˣЦ߹⸴ҫΡ
ſͷȥضǽ죬ڲ
棬˫ȭգϵĹª쳣
㵨СǨЦ̣һͶѳ֮Ҿ㡣
ָԼʹ侲
ôϾͻҡ
ߣסر֮ء
źǷҲڽһЩǺܿͱ嵭
ûŷŷΡĳǽɫһƬȻ
ͭС
ǹ彣ӮŹԼȫǰյֽģ;ܹӮκҪ·أĲǣԹ
ڽʿɱУնµߣͣ
󣬽ʮصĺڵֻ¥ȥ
䣡
ʲô浳ʲôҥԣͳͳڻ֮¡
ɱ
׵Ľ糱ˮӿϰϳǽ
ǨŭָԾ¥ϵļªҲڷãڵֻھͯеŻ˶
Ѿɱۣµĺܡ
ڵǶųź䣬ܿͽźһ޴Ķȴ˳С
Ǩ֣ǨУܡ
žӣűץǨһ𱻵ɷ²ȴѺӺ
سƣĲǵԾ칫·ȴԾĸܣ
Թ
ϢԼľռ춫-Ĵ̡
ĳ򽫱׼ͬԾɱκκƣ֮ʣκǡ
κ̲ڵԼԹͭҲС
Թͭһ󣬽սʤ֮ЩԴͱӮ
غһͭ󣬾Ӯᡣ
ͬ궬սѶ⿭س
뿪Ӻѹȥʱ䣬סƣȲҪȥ
Ҳˣͬء
ϣ˰Ҳûпׯ榵Ӱ
أһȥ
Ʒ֮ׯ榾ͲˣǹǻͻȻܲʮ쳣ɻΪǲ֮ףûҲûٷϡ
Щ˽ҪԼȥ
߬޲ú󱳳ܷɵӺ
ͷ֮Ծ棬ˣ˫ȴݺݵĶŸζû뵽ĸ׶Լĺ·
.
⻹֪δصӺӮѾԭԹĹǳǡ
ʿ
ҡҡλεڣӮʻĺӣСū벻ף
룡
ȥʱСū֮УѾˡ
ĸŮһѪԵѷ֣ʹ꣬Ҳ׽С
밡Ǻܼܿˡ
-----------------------
л˵ҳ԰Ѵȥʧˣӻ껨ԼɣҲˡ


90 
֪Ҫڹǳӭӿ,ǳǵʹ˵Ⱥݡ
ڷпĳڹٵϣλԭߵʵɲűϴе¹ڣ
Ѯ,ڴ˹ӭǣ
ء
ĺŽѹһ,ĳ,ʻС
ڵĹǳǽϱ֮ǰǴͬˣǳֹ
糿ƻ,ǵ˾ﲻҲַǷ
Ȯֺ֮ذտͨ飬µĺٲ֮ǰֻܱ̤ͳЦĻ֣һǽ
ڳзԭ٣Ȯ˺˶࣬һЩӸԶĵطǳĺˡ
ʱֻһͳƣֻ޶Ϊһ壬ӮֵЩͷ۵Ĵӣôж
СūҲץС⿴,һж˺档
ǳǵĽӺͬ׷Ҳһô,˵Сū棬ӮҲĽζ
·ЩˣӼģӺǵҪʺܶ࣬С,󵨵ĺ˻
ȥ档СūȲ
ܲס,ӮҲܲסƨɶˡ
Թԣһ档
ڻúȥ棬ĳ̫ۣѱûд̿ͻȺУɲСūȥҪҲȰٻװ
СūҲԣȥҲ֣ʵʵ
иõķӮѪ֣سǵı߾Ѯһȥݡ
ǳǣӮѹ䶼ˣʾӡ
Թǿս߾ӭͱ⽫ڹ;Ȩ¼ɣЩ˵ӵصҥҲͲˡ
ӮںԼжãҲͳһԭҰģЩˮ
պսڹǳǳǽ
Ҳǰŵ֪Ӯ˹ǳǣֻΪӭ*
ȲҪˣҹ̸·糾վӮǰ
ֱ꣬ӮЩҪʶˣ첽ǰסĸ첲
֣ϣ񲻿ɷϡ
ſףɫӮ۽֯һַһ㰵ɫ
֮òЩͷԵĶҺúÿӮӲǽ§ǰͷᣬˮۿдת˾ͺã˾ͺáˣҲˣߵʱұ֤ǴȮ־ͻʳˣһӺꡣ
о̲ڹǰţ̧˰Լǵǲˣ紵ɹģƤֲˡ
Ӯǧ仰Ҫ˵ɿɵһֶ˵ˣֻ뽫˺ݺݱס
ˣ߰ٶҹΪԶսϵ˵ģˣ⣬ÿһսʲô⡣
ɵϡסˣ죬ʲֹҵˡ
رҲԭ
ԼҲͬǹȴҲֻ˵˼
ΧȫˣĿ֮±á
ҡԼĳ룬Це˸ƣһμѻҲ
ЩҪıվˮһա
ĦеĹףҲѵ¶˸Цת˲š
߾ӭɼ϶࿴ء
ҲǣƾʮԹսɲܱȵġ
ѹ¡
˽ӺЩǲģ׷֮һ
ҾҲԽ
ԾʮǱסֽԶкţվûӹһ١
滹ԹһЩ׼ԱûߣֲԸͶֻܱɽѺؽȺãδؾͻҲ˸ܰٱ
ӮɨЩ²ԾЦԾķŭ
ԾդҡΣҪ⣡Ҳôһ죡
ӮûӦȴֻ

νҪȥѵԾӮ¡
ʲôȻȥұ˺ܶóԵģ͵ˡ
ϵŭˣ֣ǣŵϳݡ
복ڣһ˫Ĵ۾
ǣⲻǺܸϡ
ӮղǹⲻСūȥģȣ᲻һϳ
ھͲɵôȤԼģϲˣ
£ĿѾĺӣϲôˡ
СūҲͷСͽţԲСһŲ˰
ˣӮûСū·ϲ˵أޡ
ӴҲǻ߳ĵģ˵Ĳ˼ⲻֲԸ
ӵָķȦһӺˡ
Сū̧Сһ˫۾⿴վСĿϡ
⾪ȣΪСū᲻ϲϾߵʱСūôСǵ
㻳̥ʮģѪԵϣȻԸ׽ӮЦſ
СūҲӦĺܿ죬С첲§ס⣬ȵ
ס
ĶҪˣҲСū§ڻпǧĺӳˡ
ǣسǵı߾жֱֳ࣬ߺγʢĻӭ档
ڣⱧСūӮһЦ
ⳡսܸһ䣬꣬žۡ
.
ȪУӰӵ˺ܾá
Ӯųرڣֽڷ¶Ķͷϸ
һ·ˡ
Ȫˮ⻬Уңұ㲻ࡣ
Ӯ˰̣ľͲܣδ˵¡
ֻΪǴϰٷţȴûһᵽˡ
ͷȷʵ˰̣ܵͼǲˡ
һСˣµģ㵣ġ
Ѻ˵˰̣ӮĻǻʹԺҲḡѪʱ龰
Ժ󶼲ңָκ¶š
⹴סӵЦʣ
һɡӮ
ôĹˡ
㣬͡
вĻû˵꣬ǣʣΣ
Ӯˮдƨɣҧߺߣͺݺݳͷˣ㲻ҡ
ι
δ׽ҲŲ
ӮĶͷ˳üġ׵ϡ
ͷ칦磬ʿǳźţֵĻ죬ңûˣĽ÷ȥ
ܲסòԱ߶˶㣬ֱס˸
Ӯһ·ǰֲ䣬̲㡣
ͱסͷ޳Ķ쾱һĻȡ
ڷɢƮˮ棬סˮµд/⡣
-----------------------
л˵ʮµڶд׼ʼд[ī]


91 
Ƶ,һֻдԾʡ
ſͷ,Ϣ,ڷɫǰ̸Ưıϡ
ͷл/µĺۼ,ֽ/޵ͼ,ر۸۸
һַֻڵڷ󴽰β׵һ·ںǡЩط
ܵѹĶͱʪȵĿڡ
šԱ߶㣬ģˣۡ
˳ǾͱקŽȪڵڷûԣȴҲ֪ǲӮԼٲ˱ƨ,ӮĶȤζǽСƵĳͷ
ӮҲûǹⶺ,ЪЪҾ˶˷
Сūأ̧ͷ̫ˣЩѺҲˡ
ݳȾ
ݳȾⲻ,ʵݳȾҲܴӵġ
ţϲСūȥ궬˲ٺӸСū绤֡
濴ꡣ
ݳȾʱ,˴˶޲ýԷŪûԺ͵һ죬ݳȾԸӡ
һСƺӣǰ˽̻ˣѧʲôãҴôãĿȾҲѧ㶫ˡ
⵹ǡ
ҪΪӮݳȾԶһϡ
ӮԻƣַͣԸغŮȥ˷
һˣżҳѣԺԵú
Сū֮ǹƱҲֻճɱʱŻͷţ˵ɱ̫˻ᾪźӣҲĻŵСū
Ӯοǧô룬ЦǺӼ㣬֪ˡ
Լ˵ܶСūȤ£ֻΪԼġ
ŮܿͶ˷ˣǿҶһЩˬڵСˡ
ǳǵţһԵĵطûȣӮĳӶˣ˷ζĿ⡣
ҶҲӺǱߵʵӮ֮ǰ̵ıѼֺҶˡⶼܺóԣڹʱͰһڡ
֣Ӯȡһű̯СϵƬٷŵˬСˣһһһŪˡ
ιߣѹԼֻ֣ҪԾͺˡ
ڳ⣬ֵſӮϽپһ
ˣھӪԴԼķ
Ӯ־һԣҭš
춼û˵ˣóԡ
Ӯʢɫ̰ףӺѪгɱƬ⡣
ţǷ֣ûʲôϣԴһζ֬ḻȴһ㶼塣
ؿͣĽ㣬ڸǴģŵײ˳ԣζȷʵܲһ
ӮԼ˲١
Ե㣬ӦҲûкúóԹһٷдԼиἰЩ
Ӯۣԣǣٿһ㰮ԵĵģȲӺζܻһЩȽţȻӺٸõġ
ָ̧ǵգһůȪˮԼܳԵôҲһҸ
ҲãȲżӺ߳Ա˵
ΪΣǽ˾ͻȥġ
⣬־ˡ
߾Ҫ»֣Ķ˵ıڶûгߣߣʲôúܣʱڶǣסԾκûȴ˰ռôˣ̲κԹĵ̣
֮ǰѾȥ֪ˣŶܻҪټһص㱾ûµġ
Ӯɾ֣úóԷЩµȳ극˵
Ұγ֪ӻû̱ӣһѾ񵽹ӳݣսթŮ˴ûڲعԼҰġ
һ̴꣬ѿ֧жӴ󣬼ʹӮϲ˵Ҳ
Ӯ뷽跨ӱĵطǮʮǰ߶ҪӣĿܻԡ
Ǿ»ǲԹǿٱҪڸҲûа˵һӮλҪҪý˿ȥοģҲܹưͿ
Ҿ͵ĳ롣üͷԷٶҲˡ
Ӯ̾˰ͲܰĳԸԴҪ롣
ȻᵽˣҲ˵˵ԼĿ
Ǹ綼ύս϶ڣɵ£׼ǵĵƣͲðȻ̲κȥҪԺˣȽЩСˣҲвͣҰĴΣ̫ҪǸˣԼ³Ҳá
ѡ֣
Ӯҡͷá
Ҳֻѡ񣬲Ǿǳ
δء
ǲ⣬ü˼˰ŻȻ
ӣ
ǰôӸˡ
΢׾ڶʣ޼ˣ֧
һǿĶǼأô˵λҲһ·û֪ȥϷܰʿ·ɱׯ榣ԹҲһš
֮ȨĶа֮Ǿҷ׳΢֮Ԥλӿ϶ڱٿʲô
սλӵֱô
ˣׯ榵Ϣ𣿡
ǳս֮ׯ榶ȥ׷ͽ񶼻û䡣
ҪׯڣڵĹŮͳӵ£ܶµľƷ
û뿪֮ǰ˵¾ͻҲûнˣ᲻ˣ
书ߣ·аţ˳£ûӦǻû׷ɱҪɱˡׯ榵һ˽ġ
ͷԷ
һſжһܽһཱུСӰ
ף
СūС磬һѻûпеСͳ嵽ǰſӾҪ
ݳȾںﱧһСūߣ߰ģʲôС
˵춼ȻǸղų˶
ӮݳȾŵû͵ãǰ칦ϳԵġ
֪Ӯ͵͵á
СūԼϣԲӣԱ𣿡
ٺ١Сūﲻ˵֪ɵ֡
ⲻ⣬ͿӮǱ˻û
ԱˣҲٳԵ㡣
Ӯ˽⣬˿ţСū˳ݳȾҲһСūĶ࣬СūСָճԹ̫ܳˡ
ݳȾϣӹȫ
СūҲѧڳԣ͸Ƶġ
ⲻҽ̵ġݳȾ⣬ɲӮԼСū
ӮæŸ⣬ܳǸҪڳ⣬ǲѽСū
ŮǺģ׼Ҳͬ
ݳȾƲ죬ԼڳԵʱͱ˵ת
ǰĵֶһõıץ˭Ƶġ
ӮûСūϱ׺úóԷ
СūĶֺǡ
Ӯ⣬ŤСȥ⿴߿߳ԡ
⿴ˣֺߵתͷȥ
ôصĲ䣬ͲӮһ͡
һ첻֪Ҫ·Ӯ
СūݳȾϥͷ̫СˣһȥݳȾֹⲻ
ͼˣҪ
ݳȾһֽȷŵϣͷ£Ҳ֪˭
⳯˿ͷ
̧ÿӼסмĺһӹȥһġ
ͷûǰͱһֻÿץס
Ӯһ˷С
þûˣҲ
ݳȾӣе㲻ӵңƫġ
ӮСƺ˲ӵǲ١
-----------------------
л˵ˣ껨ֶ˲ү¯¯ѵȥʵĽѲ繷ѣ湷ѣԴȹܵĹƤѡûϢҲҿʵʵ껨Ŵ


92 
,ֵľǹǳǡ
֮ǰΪսԾǰ⣬Υնɱ,Ժ̶ܶӶ
ڽ̲ԹĴƬ,˵,֮ūҲǲûоԼ֮ū
ܸǷֵ,ɲᣬԱ֮ɵ֮ūҲԸ񣬹ǰֱѹȵˡ
֮õһġȮԼԶˣǳ벻ֶѡ
Щڲݾ˵顢ĶںͽĿ̸ιǳӭ£ϵҫ˵е˶˷͡
ܼӹٽǹҫ鹣һ˶ųˡ
֪Ҳξ,նµ׾оɱʮʮܵͳСҲǸٶ,ٲƽͷϰˡ
Ľ
˵ףսϵۣ⿴˼ҼӹٽЩ˵ġȱ첲ȵ㿴ûŹ;ǵ˱,ӴҿŶģӶȥһ,ܻսҵСɲҪ
롪
û˵Щ˱ΰãսҲ·һ
̸£Ҳǰ̾
ûۣξԸ
ͨϰպ´̣ǼҲ˻ѵѴŻξΪҲÿµֵܷ֮أ̫ԶĶûģ˽ȥȴ̧еģ˭ܲˡ
ڽеײʿж֮ǰū
ǰʱӮҲ˵ʵǺܾȵģʱȻôū
ûзϳūƣЩͶͶᱻʿūѳš
ΰ˱ȷʵҲǸ⣬֮ǰͷ۹һ
ҪǰǰľԴ˱ǸǮȻʹ򷢻ϼˣ֮ǲ˵ģеǮᷢھӪеҲϣƽʱͰæӻͲܾˡ
ɽũķչ뵽һְ˱İ취Ѿ޷ս˱Է䵽ũɻũҲҪ˵ģ˭УɴЩ˱ȥˣҲиԼĻûϼҵ
ǳһûţͷѵȫǵעӡ
⿿ڱϷݹڰ˱ļƻ˷ȥũγֽҪйɻĵطӮ뵽ˡ
ũҵҵڷٷչܶҵģѾտʼʱһˣҪĹҲ࣬ѣ̼֣Щ˱˵Ǳõɱ׶ˡ
Ӯ֧ĵ˲²ʣΣв
ʱ˷ԣҲ֧֡
ȻЩʿ壬ǵ˼άûתҲΪʿ̫ΪĹϵȥضзʲôġ
ˣûһġ
ݼƻ飬ؿھͺʲôƵģ͵ġ
ܺáӮ
źǱĺˣӮԼţȱˣҲȱͷһЩҳϿɿķֵȥͨգЩ˱Ϥ˵ܸʦõ
̺ΣǸϲǮ
ũҵչ֮ŷչҵΪרŪ˸
ʵڳеķֹѾϸ»ˣ˾ְ໥ǣƣȫС̫εĿҲǽ˵ǻ۽ʱʵףмҲֻԼˡ
˭ΪΪⶼôãֲܽ͡
ǰͣڲˣΪǵҪԽԽǿֻܱҪˣҪǿһòκη궼ĵλ
ͷϣ˵
.
͸۹ˡ
ãûĸұҹѹŲϵľԵϣͶپǶ١
ЩҪصӺ֮ŵģ簴ӦҪĽ
ʾۡѡַһȽϺʣôŻȥ׼Ȼ˶Ҫȵͺܵˡ
һ
ӮӺǵĸ֣ĸۡڳǣȻҲڳǡ

ĴŤͷ⡣
⿴ֿ£ҵ˼Բý
ӮҲü
ͽ͵ս꣬ѿ֧֣ԵذٷϴˣֶƣҪǮĵطȥα޹ؽҪϴľ׻ǮֲǱҪסͳ˧٣ҲǹˣӦסڹͲٻǮʲôˡ
ӮıôĹֵµС˷ͣûʲôûУҪһլӣڲȥסԺСūҲСūסȥլֲܣܹ黹ǵġ
ô˵ҲЩӮﻹǾЩԲס
˸еķӣԭȺϡκϡϵլۡķţ˽һլۡɣҲ˼ǮɺٹϽҶ
治ãҵģ⻹ǲͬ⣬˵ˣô㲻Ըͬסˣ
ǰôЩ˶Ӯ˶Զǰ߶˵ˣʱΪ˴ûھݶҲʱøӮúһˡ
Ӯôû뵽յԼϣԩ
˵ŽôˣǴûͷ
ֱŮҪǿٱ飡ֱŮ
ֻϲǰôһѣϲ⣬Աûйϵϲˣ
ˣЩ˵塣
ŮҲǴ̣ϲŮİеҲϲȥ
£û˵¶ⷭʡ
һԱ߿ϷûϷ˰ɣߡ
һװԼʲô֪
ǽ¡
ʲôû£Ҫһֱסڹ
²ϣǰйķսɳ´󹦣ʹ͸ۡⲢûʲôڷ˵λŮȷʵڳУԤδãͬһͬѺǡ
ӮһָſڣٶһϻԶڹǳǡ
ˡ
¼þգûӰˡ
ӮЦ·ֻصջ괩ǻ˵Ҵ
˵˵Ǹʲôѹû
αбߣûӺʲô
ⲻΪǰдһƪ£ͷЩ˵ЩͷˣҾͱܵߴˣѣʱǰߣҵĵúܣ¶Ӱ졣
ҲǰʯͷԼĽš
ôͽͷˣҪֱӽͻȥ˿϶ɣҪҲҪǲ㡣
ĻҲǵʱεѡ
ܹȥߣ§סʹҡΣ˺òãֻ㣬ֲǲ֪֪ô˵ңҿҪί˰岻õ֡
ָס°ͣѧǵͽӵɹҪҲҲףЦһҸ˾Ͳ
ӮƤ񣬷ŵ¼ӣҾ֮Ȥ͸ˡ
ĵһֺõЦݣɤ˵㲻Ҫ
һˮǺˣתȥͿԡ
㡭ȵͨ죬˵ָӮֵóѵֱ¡
ӮȿЦ
ǹֵģߺߣΪ۸ŶΪ֮ǰš
ĴˣĶҡ
ʹʾ䣬õҲ˵ڣŶ}ûš
ҴҴˣŶģһѽ˱סûΣ´ȵʱѧĻ˵Ҹܸܡ
˺졣Ҫ֡
𡭡
⳶סܣ㻹˵˵ˣ
˵˲˵ˡ
㷢ġ
ҷԺ󶼲˵ֻˡ
㷢Ĳġ
֪ˣвҪˡ
ߣ
֪ˡ
תӷϣһڣпסˣǰҿǷŵɵģڳ޹ϡū
ûʣ˼ȴǲ˵ġ
סӮıӣߵںҲˣƲ
áͷ⣬*ô۰ġ
ˣ֮ǰġԹһʹԴԴֹʱʱ׶ԷһڣȻļ¡
ȥ¼ƻ˶ҲֻӲˡ
ϣͷ
ƿӮ߲һͷԵȥ
סãһʲôˣ
˵Ǻ
ڵĺǸ֮أûнһ󣬹ľλҲŽˣӡΪºͲò֣֮ǰǼڽԡκ֮䣬ΪԱ˳ôǳˡ
һۣû˵ǲ
ٵǰ̽ĳǣѰϴûų쾣ߣһֱſǻѲɣҪȥͺݡ
װ͵͵϶ԭ򣬼벻Ҫúúˡ
Ӯѯ
Ƭ̣
¾ͳȥˡ
-----------------------
л˵ǻͷˣһƪĸǸǸǸ[ʮ][ʮ][ʮ]껨ģֻĵʱÿϹүϲʱû⿴˸£껨


93 

Ǹݵͷ,뷢԰ף࣬״̬,ΡΡӮ
ϵȫҹ̸·մϵĻҳ,Ѿԭӡ
Ӯ̧ʾ,ɵ
ԭļûλСӰǰ˸ʵԶ
Ҳ,սķҲ棬ֻ겻Ĳϵˣ
ǡЦ˰Ϻˮϵ۹
ͺˣӮһ˶ɢҳƵʣҹãν£
Ҳҿûнһɱˡ
ԼҲ¡
ӮһλҲû,ֱӹ£ʹ޵ðǰҺգ
ڵӮͲǰǸ˿޾ͻ,¹ĺ
²뺫һûֵս֮ʱմԹ,Ѱţڿ˵Ⱥգ⻰ô˵ģûжԺ,ʲô
̬һᣬԭί
ĵλ̫£֮ǰǱκΧϷΪս֮أԹˣͼڽǿм䣬ѣҪôϷ֣Ҫôһʳ֮ⲻиõ³
ۼ֤κ̲ŵü켸ҹҺۡ
赲İʯţͳΪսԵҪĿꡣ
ԼСſռޣһŶˣһزסӮ˵ѭѡĵù
һʱ䣬ͳĳԭκı߾شƵֵǵ˸Ҹǿ׳ĳͻͱŲӴ
߾İոǿ಻ԣȥʳȫ̤ûˣ׳ҪǿӪسȫҶҪɱǮҲҪӹ⣬صİ޻·ˡ
С£Ϊܹϴºó̫ƽӣκ̲֮󣬳Ͳˣڱ߾ӡ
ֶͨαȺóǲãֻأµҪֲҲӣǸ߶͸˸飬ȥ
ԸϹֻҺգĪðڳ£ͷأ£ȥǺܱ׳һΪյĺù
ӮĿ΢ָûŷ֣Ȩʲô
Ƭ̺ڣӦԼȣ»㣬͵ͬڸʱ˱꣬ж
żֲҺʵûл·ˣѰıӻᱻҲ֮ذ·ˣֻһЩ޹İգԸ֣һڳǣ˶֪ǳֶαƵѳʣ
û뵽ӮЩˡ
ʾ¹ȥһ͵ˣ𶯲͹򰡡ͷʲôģԼһ١
Ҳ״Ӧ޹Ǿü֣ʱʡ
յߣֻѯʣĿأ
⿴򺫲һŵĺôﲻҪ
ɳǱߣ
װƵʲô¶֪ǺԼŵģǺθɣҲҲû˵ǻûˣƾʲôǡҲ˵ģ綼Ὺսͽˣںٶһ
ذɣˣҲᱻǴ
ЦģеСģҪͲˣֻ˲ƴżˡ
ûϲá
ֻǰĺô
֮س綼ҪµģͳڣҪʲô͵˵ʱ˵ʱڣǿԺ;͸ƾˡ
仰ӮͰķŻ˶ֱ򺫲˵¿ԴӦʩԮ֣ҲΪԸóǨ뺫»Ӻµй֮λ
ԮʱͲµЩĴԼȡջҲõĽ֡
Сûõ綼ҪϷֵģӮĵġ
һӽšվһ
ӮǺܸӵģҲױ˵ˡ
ֻҪӮϳ֣û֮ǰôˡ
£޵Ŀ⣬֮ɫѡԼյϢ
һ£йءǰƾ»ˣ·Ϯѳ췴δܲˣȴǺͳйһ̸˵Ҳͦ˼ģʱͻȻӣææĶ㵽ͷȥ֪ǣ˵ûбܻ䣬ἰ׳󣬻ԳвʳкӦ֮ߣᵽʲôܻܲ統ǰ˹ƻɵ⡯֮Ļ
ˣ˶ˡ
ЩӮδؾȫţʲôݳȾ˵йĺܣܲеڳ
Ҫô˻ѣҪôзóһ֣ˡ
⻰ҲӮŵĵطǾǵԭϹΧ⣬Ӻͳֱʡ
ʼֺŵϢΪͨڿŸӡ붼ϵ·Щ˷ֻȨĵ
Ȼ֪飬Ҳ˵
.
ǳиǳһǰɵģרչֲǡ
֮ǰμǺ͹ǳǶǵǳҪϸΣμشֲγҲгû̶ǳ˴ΣǸΪǳǣء
֮ĸʳƷҲ࣬е̶ŸʽƷ̶ӳΪǵ
ӮװСūй䣬ݳȾСƺҪݸϿʲôóԵĶҪӮǮΪʲôԼֱ׳˵ԼûǮ
̯ݹըǸⶼҧһˣǮС
ӮӺɰͳӡ
̯һæλˣС̯Ҳ
߶ǣڳǶϡˣըǸҲֵǮһܹЩͭ壬ǰǮӶҲҲһӡ
ҲӮûȫǰǮҡ
ǡ۹߸ըǸ⣬ЩʣҲһҰɣˡ
Ҫֺ֣̯ǺǵװըǸ⣬Ӿҿˡ
ըǸҪȳԣιһ˺һ㴵˴ιСūʣľͷָͨոһ˳Ҳꡣ
ݳȾһ˾治֪Ѷȥˣһûġ
˳㣬ӮҪȥǳ
-----------------------
л˵żˣãҲݼ[ī]


94 
εӮ,ıֻóԼ̸ȴջһСҲ,ڹǳǡ
¥ϺĻ,ЩСŵȶӶ,ѹôԹ,Ҫɵˡ
Ǽ³֮󵽵ģʮ̿ĺɫѪۣӳƽ̹ĲԭǳǻŽ֯
ʾͳݣڷҡڸͷ֮ϣ׽ס´ʵֻ֣¶ֻ׺۾,Ϊĳ
յĶԶڹǳǵȮֶ֪˵֮Ǵݲɱ,ǳֵʵ񹷡ޡ
ֻڳɱ˭ɱ˭ԥɱҲɱ,ֶֻܹԷãײĳϡ
֮ǰӺӮԼԼʱδȫס,ԲѲŵӭ
ʵȫܸƽƽѹһͷûҪԽȥӭˣóԼɡ
ֻפڳ̶Ҳ뿪ӪأɧŰա
ٿҲܻӮµĹأȻˡ
ͣڸôſڣ´ڴ˹ӭ
߳ݣĳȹڽϣɫβľβ͡
´䲻ӭȥ
ϸ֮󣬵ϼ˱ˡµģǻô
´ڲߣһ׵ģѹЩ
ǹ棬ɡ
һЦǾͣ
վſڣ˸Ķ
ЦĸӲã̧ſ˽ȥ
ս·ʱ俴ۣ²Ϊɵˡ
綼ѾڿˣӮ⹲ͬףֱ߿ճλþǳˡ
СֱߣʱţǺսս
ʼն׵ϣԺСɫǿҲģúܺ£䵱Цʱ;Լˡ
ûɡЦһû
⻰ӮᣬƤЦⲻЦıȵϳˡ
ֵ¾öˣĶȱ𴦶໨ϵӸԡ
ҲϵǺͻװ۾⣬ŸֵСŮޣüͷһ塣
Ϊ֣ִǧֿܣΨûӡ
СūϺúţƨɸ˶ƵĴ׵ϻץŷۿݳȾ
ݳȾΪȸָ̨ʹϯģǱӮðֱߣһСλͬһ㡣
תݳȾϣر뽫ƽ߸
ݳȾͶĿ޶ãԼϵĿСūĿȸСūҲɵȶҪˣҪǸ۵ĺ
ϵĲȶ࣬ΨݳȾǰƽﰮԵģûУźӡ
ƽʱû¾ͰеԳԺȺȵĶϲ̨棬óЦˡ
ӮƬⶼڳǺ䣬ǰҪβˣڲټˣȫµҲ£ԳҲȻҲ
ݳȾɫˣֻûֵ̫͵Ц
ΪյĸַգķȥôԶĵطѰֵ֣Ч¡
ʳΪ죬ϰճԱ̫ƽˡ
ǿݳȾǼۣܰҪָʹ
ݳȾֶ£Ŀȶˣһ㶼ֵĵô˵ó²̨Ļ᲻Ӯ鷳
һȥճҪʲôƨ
ָָǰĿҲҪù
ʳݳȾԸСūȣܰ׸Ը˳ȥι
ӮʾŲȻ¬ԸȥλҲü
һѣʲôġ
ԼķָˣݳȾ˲ͺˣͷԼġ
۵׵Ц䣬չҲһݺ񡣡
Ӯֱû£ٷǳԵθۡ
Ȼ˵ĺ޶˵輧һһ٣ӯĲ裬Ӯ֮ǰ׼ֶȥ
ͲעЩǳ˶࣬¾ס
ӮֽϾûȤ͵ֿˡ
ֻݳȾҧݺݵ۳һƳѣʲô˲𣬽Ų䣡
ϯ
ˣСͷμ֪ôԣǸ˺ƤԵģҲѧ
˵Ⱥ𣬵Ǻóԡ
ǵҲ˵̶Ӵӽعٺǲ֪Ĵδǵ졣
ӮʵͦٳԵ㣬Զ˯ƨ
СūлٰĵĿ輧Ť֣ȷʵĺܺãֲǺܸȤ˵ǸˣͲôŵ
ÿμҶۡȥĸ˵
ҲôϲЦҲͷۡ
Ӯһ룬Ҳǡ
˻¬յ˵˾仰;ȵü
ô
ǡ¬ڵ̬ȡ
Ӯ룬ҪǿһѣȲͱȲûʲôҪġ
¬ӦȥȻûȰסݳȾ
һˣ輧Ӯһȥ
Сǿգ뻹ǳĻ̣ص״Щûʲô۵ĶưԿĲеľӡ
ˡ
ıӺ˿񶣶֡
˾Ϊ֮һ񣬷׷׿ſڡ
һС̨̨Ϸһڵͭ
ݳȾȹٲĳȻ䣬Ųͭϣ裬ӯͣ쿪ָө˸ɫò֮Уϵ˷̾
Իصûòʾˣ֪òǣ֪Ϊȸ̨ɫļ˻ɱˣܻ衣
רΪ죬žϵɶ裬׶Ǵ
ءۼ
ӮֶȫȤĶ۶ǶԼСƺĿ϶治֪ݳȾ裬ôá
޶ˣݳȾľԵˡ
ݳȾɣϣݵһ
֪˭̾һ
׵İɫԽԽŨҲǱݳȾŽ˴س뾡˰취ûݳȾ衣
û뵽ݳȾΪ˰ӮӮһ־¶ݣǲ֪Լжˣ
ˣݳȾͭŲȹӮƵġ
ӮΪƣȫǺεͣã֮ǰû
ˣݳȾ˵Уֿ⣬ô
⺬ЦͷǺÿ
ҲǶĿ϶
ǵȻ˭ûõ£°͡
Ҫβͣ϶̵ȥˡ
-----------------------
л˵˶࣬տƺ껨Ҳűһ٣껨ǳԱͲˣƲһԲ͵ȥڸ³˾ͶڳӳԣҲ˾ͼڣҾͰżӡ


95 
һĻڳ,ôôۣݳȾδЦ
ΪҳϵĹ˭˲,ͻǺ˭,ȻסҧһڶԷ,ֱԷҧΪֹ
ΪʲôֵµںңΪǰҹϺ˾,óòԱߵȡ֡
ˣԱߵûŵõϯٲ뺫
º󺫲Ҳûڣһֱûȴ֪ͱռǺˡ
ȡأյıûֺγһݵı
˺ܲ,ӮҲһơ
Ӯ¾Ʊתͷ࿴,Ҳûʲô飬˫ڰ׷ӳǵصĵѹ
նž޴ѹӲƬҲòǱĵͷӡ
ȭͷ,ַŭֲġ
΢겻Ӯǲͬˡ
Ʊڴǰ,չջסӮŻԼĵɽ
ֵµ˻ܸ裬һ述һٱ
ӮĿ⣬ͬƱྴ
лޣҼС֮ϲǰŪλҹǳǣ»ӭλƼӭҲҽĳ⣬һôҾ˶顣
⻰⣬ЦЦһھƣģҪ˵ۣƺҲ֪λϱʲôˣȹ»ˣҪúס
·;ңԶЩҲ·ʲôȤ£ͣҲ޿ɺǣԶǿͣ»СƽϡûǺŲϵ
һƱطڰϣĿֻ·ϣʱȶƣ̫ƽ
ӮɫδֻǶƱ˻Σǧĵȥ֮±͸Ӷ䣬ֺηҪ˵̫ƽôҵʳ̫ƽ𣿡
ԵأضԴ˻Ķп
ָӮȷԹȻգֲֻԾǲǰġȮ˵ڽ߾ңӮǲѲŷ˳ͱζҪǱռǽֻ֪ôߵڰס
ԴԹôҡŶԷ
ûڴ㣡Сū֪ͳһģͣųͱȻ
Ȼ⺢ӵ󰡣
ӮæСūСͣҵСڣ˭õĻڣ
ղŶûеģҲûпڴĶˡ
СūһָԱߵݳȾƯС̸ˡ
ݳȾڿпȣͣǰϹǵ
мĺһõģôŰɡ
Ӯָͷ˴ĶͷѾ˵ˣСƺ֪¡
ǱնҪˣ£棺ʵš
δ̫ˣ˫ð
ĵ̡
Σɱ
ԺеǻᣬαؼһʱΪһСĻ͵øӮȥ˶ҲԼ
շ߷߲ƽ˻ȥ
ȾƣЦӯӯĿӮСޡ
Ӯ˵ԼҵӣûʲôĸǸͯ޼ɣ棬Ⱦưǳǵĸƺܲġ
Ůɣ֪ʣǵô˵档
Сūһֱǹǳĵ㣬ΪӮѪȴΪĹϵܵõӮĳ谮
Ӯ˼ֲѡ̳ضС
ǹԸ⿴ģһʾֱķιӣǾɵһɣŭĴ
Ҫ
֪ˣӮ֣ʾ
ȻͳЦСū˵ŮϷҩ˫СϷԶǧ֮⣬ԭ٣֪ҲֻĪҪôС
䣬빫ͿʼԼߵ˽ͷӶ˵ġ
Ϸҩģ
˵ҿǺӵüҲȷʵм
Ҿ˵Ӣ䣬һԼѪĺӣôš
ѵˣϷгҩϼӶȥѰ
ԶԶԡˣ涼һͬȥѰɵĺǺϡ
ǿˡ
ѽ滹Ǽ٣ֲǵ¡
۷׷ף˵ʲôĶС
ĹҲ֪ĸ
ڸơ纵˺Ⱦƴţۡ
±Ŀһϵԣ۵ĺܣǽ۵䣬ȥҪٶʮꡣ
λȨĶ̬Ҳöധ⣬Խʰ֮󣬾ɵ˾ʵ࣬˵ԼҲᱻϽȸ̨ĵΡ
ǲĵȥ˾Զˡ
ԭˣǹ¹ªˡ۵ײΣա
ӮҾ˼Ҳ˵Լ˵İ
ٴξƱ롣
롣
һ߸ս㣬硣
ʱͬԷﻥټͶ޲öԷʧ
綼潻棬ڲǰԽϾӮƾŴߵڿңҲעЩѪ顣
ǲĴѪɱľսթ̸ЦɱˣҲںԷǷ޹Щصİգ˾ˣں*ǽһ̤أصİҲͬ³
ҲЩģ£³ʹС
ǸգɱԾֵµҷѶԸˡ
ɢʱѾҹӮŻصڣߵϷ̣ˡ
ҾˡſɵЦ
⽫Ūϣ¸ЬӣɵЩ
ǰܺã˽˼
ŮˮšΪ
ӮţΪȣҲˣ¶ɫС¡
ϣ˼ҵĴͷۣҰ
ఴĶǣֵԸŮȥѾ
֣ӮͰڰ֣죺˲ˣȲˡ
ˣǰôȾƣҲ֪ôˡ
ȻгڳͲк£޵ɫתˣ촽
ӮԼһ˯ˣ೤ž㡣
Ѿûкȣⲻٽѣ˯ˡ
.
ݳȾӳһѿõ⴮ׯ榲ڣû˸ˣʣµЩ⴮ȫġ
ߣ鼫á
ɫµĺȹˣݳȾͷƤһ亹৵ؾˣȾܡ
ܣ֪ʱѾ׷ץס󳶡
Ťһ
㿪ָ˵Ĺؽڣֱ۾һʹƺߣҧɨȥֱɲУ漴󱳾ͱ£˲ʧȥϵȥ
סĴ֣ĿҹյԲ£ˮ۽
⾯Щ첻Ҫܣǿų뿪˲ŸһܵģΪʲôϡ
⴮ɢһأõľƣƺҲˤˡ
ǺȲˡ
׽ж纾Ϲľǵϵ⴮ˤľƺӰ
⴮˿ȵġ
һ紵̰εȣʲôǣ
Ӱ߳һˡ
ׯŸûûζĿڳԣԹ˵ôһⶼûУףԭϰֵңҶˡ
⴮ֱˮû纽;͵һ
ׯ纾ϲʲôʱģϺͽ֪𣿡
ջȥҵԵģˣ⴮ˡ
Ӧָʹõġ
ݳȾׯҿأ
ҹʱֻ⴮;ơ
ׯ榶˶٣ʣˣ
ˡ纲֪ݳȾǰ¡
ׯ榿ٳ⴮ְʣµĶߣϾ͵ϣֲǲܳԣǿϧǺƣȫˡ
תߡ
ׯҪȥģ纸ں׷
ȥһܱˡ
ܱˣɵˣ˭
ׯûͣżأԾݶһӾͲӰ
-----------------------
л˵ЦˣѴֻСţȮҼ棬ҼҵСзһ𶼷ֲ˭ǹ˭ǺǼֻ棬󹷲ϲҲͱϲȦϣˣΪǴȦܳġ


96 
ǳרŽӴĹ,˴ǰ˵Ӧס⣬ԵռټĹ,ЩС򷢵ƫƧĿ,С˵ʲô,ȰӮΪǳͷǲ,Ҳ//ʱ¡
ڹᶼţͷŮʹҲԼˡ
ոҵĹԼĳſڣκ˶ýȥš
ڣݳȾŵϣһܶƴҪܡ
ץ͸ץСèСƵģѴ֮
СޣֻͼַʽԷˣΪڶԷ,Ҳ࣬úܺ棬رϲϣһ㰵ȥ
ס°,뿪Ϊߵó
ޣſңݳȾŲ˵ʲô
ôҲ˦شϡ
ݳȾˤͷת,ֽŲõҪܡ
ôϳµסĸ־,
ȻΪͱңϸϸĲÿһ缡ĺܣѡôĵӣΪҲɱ㣿
֪ţ޴֮Ⱥףذɡ
ӮϢģ˭͸¶Ӳǵָ˲֪
Ҫ֣Ϊʱ
ݳȾ˸£ķЦұˣǸ㣬ǲıѡˣɱɱ÷ô໰
޼˽Լ͵ıԸһӱЮƲŴӦ˳
ȲԸΪ£ҲԸ⵱ӦһɾºͯԼ
ЩñĹѰɽɱʧ֪ܺԼɡ
˽գܱӮ
۵ӿϿֲİģֻϧװŵ˲㣬Ҫõģ͸Ӧýɱˣû⣬ƾòγϲ
⻰ݳȾƿڴΪδӮйⷽ˼
ޣһĭ絽ϣΪ˭һ࣡
Ǵǰ޼˱ҲûҪɱ⣬֪ⱻ˱ȨΪϳ֮ʱͬ⣬սΣǱɵţ˵ˡ
ȥɱ⣬ǰᣬڸӲᣬ˻̵ĺܣ˷ļϵģһ䶼Ҫ⣬£³Ϲϵģһܲ
ΪԼ˲ãߣӮĽֺͷȲϡ
϶ָӡˣζô
ϵ۱ƵݳȾˮģЩ
ҧٿֻۺĵų
ûЦ˽ʱۿôġ
ͺһֻôɡ
ΣݳȾӲͲӮ䡣
Ҳ˵ô࣬ò׽Ūˣ˳׶ݣбֶݳȾʲԸҪҪõ˾ûеòģݳȾôԸҲӲġ
˺õҲݳȾĿ־ﵽ˶壬ߴſҧסĻڡ
˻ʹü̧־Ҫȥ
Ѱ˾סһƣݳȾ֪ȴҲ㣬˫ۣ־־壬ǲɿڣһֻƵ·СޣҲҧסԷɿڡ
ô²ȥ֣ɿƵȥ
ݳȾ𱻳õ·סԼίַߺޣ֪Լҹܲ
ָӮܷˣңӮ϶˼ʱ⣬ȥϢˡ
ҪչƵӮӦҲûʱע£ʱ˷֣˭ܾ
Ǵ˭ָŸҪˡ
ûܾԼˣݳȾ룬һȥ⴮ˡ
ֲĵ̧ǱĲǰޣôˣҪǶ㲻ȥǾ͵ԼǱҧһڣûʲô˵ģǰֲûҧ
.
ׯһ·ѰᣬҹҲ⴮
֪˳һֽ⴮Ȼҡڳڹſڡ
ֽŵĳŵ̧ſڡ
Ȼһӭ泯
ɷǰҹᣬͼɱץ
װͺɱׯ榡
ׯ榲ˣҲͻʩչֶܿյĳֱҶȥվķĿҵķţϵľǳƷ硣
ݳȾׯ榣ô㣿ң
ڴǰׯ榹Уׯ榱ûн̫֮ԼռϷ磬üͷ㲻ɵǰ͹˳
Ҳͬڴ֪ĴڣҲ֪˵ãȴδ֡
ϷԶԭֺα˻ˮ
Ȼׯ榵Ǻ˽ģׯʱʲô֪
ׯ榿һǱıˣ˵ʲôֻҵľѡ
Цء
ׯһ̯֣Ǿʹ򡣡
ʱҲŰΧסˡ
ݳȾмׯԼ۶Է˵ˣϽߡ
ׯҡͷûʲô˵С
ȻˣͲܵûҪǴȥˣӮ֪ˣԺͺкóԵˣݳȾȻȥ
ȥҲƽ֣ӲС
ׯĶͷ
㻹ǰ˸Ҵ߰ɣǿʲôȤֵĴҶѿ
¾ϲǿ
ζء
˵ͻһʹӦֵ̧ܿһ£ɴ̱ǵ̳˽ĿڱǣǺѬ۾
ۣϵݳȾѾˡ
պҲͬѬ棬ܵúܡ
ԣʲôšܲԶҼ̴ȥ׷
̧ڱǰ˻ӣߵ棬ǹǺ˵ζЩ
ˣǽĵ̣̫˶Ҳȥɡ
Ҳδ̫ˣ
վñǳ֮¶ջ𣬺޲ھͱ˶ڽ¡
.
ׯ榽ݳȾظá
ݳȾ·ϣȹԼĵطĶ뿴
ڵϣͷ˵¶лˡ
ׯ榰⴮ͳ󷽷ָˣζտʱ򡣡
ݳȾ⴮ô졣
ûųԣ˵䲻ܸ˵ڽͳ˽սҲΪҵġ
ҿԲ˵֤֪ǰ㵱ÿģЩ£ߣݲ£綼㱨ġ
ׯ˵ͳԴˡ
ݳȾòֱ֨Ȼ
-----------------------
л˵ÿμѣȫ˶رˣܰųԵĲȥˮͼѼˣ֮ǰɹļȾ˳ˣҸòôϲɹģòˡҲˣ棬껨ͲˣΪϲͶ㵽¥ȥˡ


97 
Ӻǡ
ϸ,һĺĺ󣬳йĹԱ֮⣬˶ֹ,ֱ쳿ӺָܻͨС
ڴ˼Υ,ѲĳǾʾ֮,ԷʵĻͿɵɱ
ҹѲĳǾ·ַ˶ڴˡ
ʲôˣ
׼˺ڰ֮йӰ,Ǽۼ㲻»ûͶˡ
𡢱żӺԺѧ
˹濴ǴԺѧۣؿڻдֺͰ༶ػա
ǾСͷüͷѹأΪλڴˣ
˵ĵλܻЩСͷҲ
㿴ҿ㣬µ˵,ּ˫ֱڲʲô
Сͷ쾯Υ,ֹʵڿɣȫҴȥ
֪ڳǱвкùӳԣһͼ,ֻûܼͱСͷȣڻеĶҲ
ǶݣСͷͫɪ,̾˽ѧѳһģһĺӣµģҲпģ쳣
Сͷ첻ҵ飬Ѹٽ˴ȥָȥϷ
Ӯȥǳӭӿ˾Ӻء
ԭµˣҲ˵ľȨ£֮Լã˺ܳһʱ䣬ӮֻزŸɣֻҪİµĶиǰ̣˾־ͷˡ
ǰǷҪ˽иԵʮ־񣬶гڳκӡ
úõģһվɣͻȻϱ˵ڳзֽ
ǻǾֹģ깫ϾΪűңں˴󵨣Ҵ˵Ķǡ
Ϣ˾ŭɶյˤ˼飡ҺݺݵĲ飡
ŭ侲ȥ֪ͨ
ǾϿص¹һǾ˵ãһϵŮֶвܣǰ;˴ǶӺǾ϶˿У֮ġ
.
ŷƴҴϣ˾ĸλӣ˵ʮֽ£ȥͨ
ӴŹǷʲô·Ҫҹ˵˯ˡ
ȥ
֪֪ˡ
ҹдöڷ±ʣʹ
¶ˣ˯ɡ
̿۽Ŀ©ԭʱˣѹЩˡ
š
˸齣ŮͽŷͨĻ
ϸϸü˾ַ³ç֮ˣҹңǳг¡
.
̺ϵ֮ǰ˾Ѿ˱ץסļѧ
ʿӵܣģ̷ܵȥʲôˡ
һʼԺһͬǵģûҪǮֻ֬ôһУҲϵã;ζ쳣ʳ֮ƮƮ//ɣ񫣬һ첻ܡ
ʵ̲סȥǸͬһЩͬȴ˵ԼҲûˣԸָ·ֻҪ㹻Ǯ˹򻨸࣬Ҫپж١
ڽǽκ˽ʱҲʮСġ
õ֮ЩΣַ˰ղŴԺʱ
Ǯˣֲס꣬õи㣬ס£ȥԺԼͯǮ
ұˣǴѧۣ˵԰ѲĳǱ˶ݾͿס꣬óǱֱǻԺ
ǵĻ౻־ˣڽȳǱȥһԺ
Ժͬ֡׵Ķķˣ˾ɱȥץ
Ҳ죬ȴûץˡ
ķȥ¥գ鵽ķϰַǶѾ˴𣬻֮ҳüʬ壬յĿȫǣ治ݡ
ǸͬҲӰ⼸طΧϸ
ӺԺĴС궼ڸ𣬳£׷ҲҪ
Ŀڵǡ
ʱûԼΣЩѧ˹ƻ;
ؽӺԺͶĶ࣬Ϊ¸صʦΪѧڿΣϧ/ȥ˼ңʹŸء˲赹ˮòײŽʦѧҵָЩӽѧãΪ°ʲô
ҪþϿǰЩ֪ʧʲô
Ļǰݺһ˦ЩѧϣǶȥˣٲ֪Ҳ֪˽Ǻ˵ĶǷͬдǵ֪ӣʳѷӿѧʣѾ϶ǼóǺӣ
δôĻ𣬵ǰס֣Ȱˣϸۡ˾ȥԺԴͷܲ鵽ЩʳλԺģҪףߣǼȻʳˣҲѱûˡ
Ļ֮ҲʵɺޣרЩµѧ֡
ҹѲ֮Žգκ˶ýҲá
ǱڰҰѲ飬ݿȫץߡ
̺ҲӺԺԺɹݵķӻ֪ʲô㷲Ŀǡ
̳ȥ˵˵˻ȻࣿǿֹĶ˭˴󵨡
ЦҲ֪˭ѧҪġ
ǰǱѾᣬѧͬɹ̣İԭʿȥѧӺԺ
İԭϣ￴ŵİԭǵӴ͸ϵķأĹŮʱѦʼ棬Ҳһƻء쳵Ѧû䣬˱Ͷ˱ϡ
ѰδؾӺԺԻƣȥİԭϼǨӳ
ɹ̾ѧСһεĳɼμűƸ¼ȡ
ѲòˣȻˡ
˵ɹ绹ԺϿΣͬһҲ˵ҲڣǳǱѲ֮ǰͻȻӰǱѹˣԾûз֡
̽ᷴϣѹأ˿϶ڳС
ֱ֮ԺɹݵķӼѧ
ɹ̶͸¶£Ҳǣյƭġ
кüѧɹ̹ƻֻûгɣ⵱лŮѧ
ԺɹŮڿҲͬһңֻᡢЩǷֿԶԺС
ɹڿμѰǣǵƫƧ֮˵кöǿ
˵رӣ˽ѧǡһŮѧͦ˵ǿɹ̳˻ŪЩСƭ棬Ҳûʵѧҳ·ڿʱ¶м۲ݣֻ˵ĻزҪɵĳŤŤĲǶƷвˣԸ
Ůѧеĳ·ڱĹǸɣԳϡ
о൱츳Ը⵽ԺѧϼÿΣǶǿӮϣŲ˷ԼʱЩͷࡣ
ζ·ǻ֪ԺȻɹĲ֮ͽ
ɹ̹ƻʳѧʿ壬ʹŵڲߣҲЩҵ׵ġ
̲Щ˾һ޹˾˽լۡΧһŲ顣
ǼѧǱҲӸϵ
ж˶ûҵɹ̺ݻķϰһҵ֣гܷɳȥȻǲĳ˵լ֮ۡС
ǰұ֮Ȩϲ飬һҪץɹ̣
ˣԼҶûзŹⶼ˺ü顣
³·ûбŵ֮⣬˶ܻ֣̿ΪҪһμҡ
ҲȥϲԼլۡ
ĳ¸Ҳѹÿ䶼һ飬û֣ǰѳӾǼֻСĸˣóӲ
ŵȾϺͷ˻ԵģÿǹǲҶӵôãڱŵİ
˵ˣҳȥ˭ҵļɱ˭Ī˵ûˣ˽Ҳõ飬ȸԷһ
֮ǰҲʲôֵǮģõĲǲɣѾջˣҪٻ˽ĻȰѶԷ͹
һҹңڻǺϵӲݴзɹ̡
ʲôӲͷ֮Ҳ˸ɾ
ϴϲŹҵļ塣΢ɽ׳ȥ˾ֻ֪֪ˣ಻ֹУУݲˣֻǼɵеǿΰˡҲǺϼưܣѣƲɵӣҲʵǿ
ɹ̣϶ѪĿǽǣϵĹơ
ⷬҲû̫ӦƺԤϣֻ֪ĵ١
ɹԳһЦ¾ƣ˭֪ܲ
ţȾϻٶᡣûٶ˵תȥˡ
.
Ϣ͵ǳʱӮںͳ̸Ͻ
ʵ֣ˡ׳һȦСԣ˭Ҳ˭ͳһƬͣǹϵǳι̵ѡ
䣬Ӯڴϻ̸УԽԽԾ̫ˡ
˵ǲϷҺͳ
ţڵͷӺţü£һŭ⣬Ÿȿ̶ģӺֳ˻ࡣ
ʲôӮо𣬴ţҲˡ
˵ˣźݺڴϣӺͱϣһԲǻľȻôֶΣɶʵڿɶ񣡼ֱˣ
´дţ˾ֽеĶķַȫˣֳԺӵĵطײ仨࣬ҲҪ촦ǳǵ£Ȼ󷵻Ӻ
дˣʶŶÿһ֣Ҫҧˡ
һѵõ˷ݣͳһڱУ
´Ȩ˭ͳһ·ĸ˭谭
վߣʲôû˵Ψ۵׵ļᶨһֱû䡣
-----------------------
л˵ͬĴӣҲĺԼһ󳤼١


98 
̸еĵڶ,Ǳ˴Եӣǳһ̬ȣóǰղռԵء
ⲻľ,ӮԻɵ̬,Ҳ˺ܺ,ӮҲĵ㡣
˵ʱҳȷʵûôռ̵ȷЩ˵ȥ,̬ȣѴɹʶѣڲϷҿǷɾ裬ΪԵص̸£ϵѣǲ⣬֮,ǲԸ˭ĸӹ
µΣΨнȹ̲ܱ΢ƽ⣬һĹϵ,Ӯȶֻǳ*Ⱦٵؽ롣
ǵıһڽŪƣֻӮͳܾˣֻȸŻˡ
Ļòƺе,Ӯǲôš
̸ôۡ
ʱͻȻڵһ,ܹӦ
Ӯ˵
û˵ʲô¾Ӧ浱ɵӲɡ
ҲʲôΪ֮£ֻǹµİãԶԹʵΪ֮٣Թ𣬹
ҪǲᣬӮ˴Թķ²ţҪδҲûá
չ֮ûս³̫ãšߴпܡ
ݱݹǱɱ˵ģֻɲʣҪûй֮ڡ
ԾԼԹ׵ϣҲ޿ɺǣֻûͬ
Ѫ᲻óһҪˣδ̫ȻˣûסӺеôģΪմȫ
ҪˣһЦ԰õ̸
ںãἸǳػԷһӦòΪѲǡ
ްֻһصˣҲϷţ
ڹ¶ȷʵأԾͲͬˡ
Ҫ۰
ȲƤǰŽŮ뽫ԼİýӻؼңôţŮĺĻ㣬ǲ֪첻ˣŮ˵Ʒһȥĸ׵θ롣
һתӮǴע⣬ҲҪӮģԼҲǺ£öȻҲ˭֪Ӯ𰣬װ˷һƬġ
ʱ˰֣飺˽²
Ӯ֪ûģͷˣλ»ЩعɣλҪ̣ǳﲻ٣λɲЩزȥ
˲ǸͷӲָʲôܴӳҪһּ̣˺ˣҲ
Ȼûʲô̸ˣҲ˷ʱ䣬뾡췵Ӻ
ûбɣϷûпɣҲȤϯˡ
.
ǽɳ졣
Ŀ̳ʻǳǣʺڻɳۣ֮ͬһѪӣСһǡ
Щ붼š˵
ӮֶѪһʧ
̫߳ҶųֻɱңڳȥǼС̹ιɶڳ֮䣬֮ǰû̺β͸è
ûѡ˲ź¡
ǰûѡӮ̾
ǿʳ˭ܶҲһ
ǽͷиηηӰüͷһ壺ûߣ
˳߿ȥӮʱˣСͷֱӸǻӺڳ֮ǰȥŮ³Ѿǲһȥˡ
պ¶棬ֻ֮Ҫгֵĳڿ᲻ţʾǲˣ
ûϢҲϧи֮ǶľܣٹͶӮǡ
ݳȾվ˵һĹĵģǲ⡣
Ȼ֪ճĻ죬ָߣֱɱ˲ˣȫɱˣû˸ˡ
Сƺ뷨Ǽ򵥴ֱһ㶼ʵҪôɱЩҪͳɹˡ
ô˵ڳǳصըҩ˶ը졣Ӯû˵
ݳȾһת𣿡
˵أӮָԴ治֪һ쵽ʲôǰʱ˵ׯҹŴʲôȥˣ⴮ɣǲ͵õģ
ˡݳȾ飬ŵĨܵķɿ죬һ̾ͲӰ
ӮߣСƺץһ٣㻰ʲô϶ˣôʰ㡣
סȰ˺ˣʲôӣͷ˵֪ýѵԲ㣬ң˵ǾĴ򣬴ƨɿ
ԣƨɿӮˡ
ЦҡҡͷƨɿأٴαҲֻ˵䣬Ķ֡
ڷӺ֮ǰԶ˾²ʮʿı߾ȹ̲ơ
ս֮꣬ϣĶܶԽİպõ㣬Ҫǰһ¾ǼĻѩѩϰҪꡣ
ӮǼᶨΨߣѾôᶨˣ̷صǰһ׼һ롣
ʼ»ΪԼëˣЩùײʱǸҪжеļҲʡˣȻǰҪԲصģڶʡˣôͻȻҪ׼
ⶼ֣ҹ˯ʱӮԭ
ӮЩ˯ţֱԴ棬Ŵ̾һ
ҳںƽûоսңҲǲѶΪ֮ЩսеˡҾúΣΪЩȥʲô͵ǰЩ޹˰ɡ
ĿǰҲֻЩˣͳһĲͣͣˣյӸùԾɻᴦս֮У֪ʱǸͷ
⿿ѾĺܺˣڵȮصİնӵ֪ˣǷʱӭӽȥ֪ΪʲôսΪðչϺӣǹԼİȨЩ˲һ
ôһ˵ҷе㲻˼ˡ
մǻҲûԼߵһνϣע
;úİ
.
ҲֳϺ͹߹ǵǸɽǳǸûиɽӮҲôʦڣѡ˽룬;ʱӮЯͬ
վ񣬱ɴּ룬ϴʼûˡ
ӶЩΪ羴ΪԼԵס
Ӯû취ׯϷ˾Ϊ֡
㲻˵ԼϺˣרҵԿˣϰɣɺ˻ȥóԵġ
ֵסʳջׯ榾ôϡͿļְ˽Ĵףװڼ̨ϳһΡ
òЩ貽ҲЩ˵ֻӮִ˿ʹڵվſУôׯ榶ġ
šǰɡ
ҡҡͷεⳡΪ˰꣬Ҫʾߵ𾴡
貽мʡ
⣡⣡
̨µĹ£ӮҲ֮ǰ⣬һׯء
ǣضλã񱻻ڵء
ׯ榵貽Խ٣ϵŶ졣
ԭʵͻȻձڵڸ߿ճ״Ҿ£Ӯͷ罫䴵ͬչ
󣡡ڳ˶𾪡
͵սȭͷڼ¹ļףַȱһ˳ɣڲˣ
óףæԣΪԣÿһι˶ӱֱʾ󣬾͸֤û
̨ϵׯҲܵһӴƺʲôó˯ڵĶھѡ
ֻݳ֣ܿʧˣ˰еİնˡ
ϣӮͷ˿Щһ
εĳǣǺǣɺϣɺϡ
ׯ¼̨˵˾ĪĻ
㣬û´

ʲôʲôһ俴һͷôܴʲôҪһϣǲǶҪ˵ڶɽ٣Ͼܷλɰࡣ
ˣ⣬߶߶ģЩˣǻȥ
ݶѱãǽվҪ̷Ӻ
-----------------------
л˵˵̨


99 
֮ս˽İͼ,ս϶ܱγǿѹƣӮľȨȹ̣ʿҹȻΥ
صӺҪ黨,˭Υ,пһŲ,رǱ߿ʿҰĲ顣
ӮһֱΪڡⷽԼĺܺ,û뵽аסΪĲȡ˽ֶ࣬
еʿ廹١
һСлۣЩȾġ桯ΪǮ򻨸࣬Ůˡ
ԽԽĿģ¾ʳ౻ͷӮһüɫãҲÿĵ¶װˡ
ڱɹ̣Ӯû,˽ͻİԭ
˿͸˾ٵ⣬ȴ֪ӮҪ̯ˡ
ɹ̲ԸԼͻİԭһ
.
һ¶,ӺͱϵıҲסˣȥҲǸȫ壬ԼӺ,˵ñϻ˵űӺȲҩ˵Լû,ӮҲҪׯ榸ӣҩʵڿ࣬һ룬վͲú˰ɡ
Ӯս˿ɫֽǲҩ֭ĨԼ˳ȷʵࡣ
ҩڣҿϸʹׯˣ˵ʱܽھæϺҩҩʡ˱ã㻹ƭңһûˡ
Щı۾֪ݳȾΪλ˵ׯ榲ˡ
СɲǺϰߡ
ӮΪãԹ
ΪԼģЭҺȾˡ
ӮˣԣͶ
벹ҩ࣬˶ſҲҩ
Ӯ֪ܲҩѺȣֻǣԺͲٺˡ
ھ;ͦõġ
ٶȼ죬ӮҲ˵ǳԻѹһѹҩĿ࣬ô
ҲкܳһʱûгԻˣ䣬һΧŹӳԶڵĻ
һ˵Ի˾ðóȥ
ֻҪȲҩʲôɡ
Ӯ֮ǰʱʳȽϵһЩطҲУţ
ţǴӹȥĳԷ̷רϵӣϡҲˡ
ӰǱߴĹϹ߲𽥳ΪĴˣڳпһһ궼˹ˣǵ˶죬Ի˸ࡣ
ԸӱˣӾֱɱһͷţ඼ϴɾλţҲһЩڴźϹϡɲˡЩжʮ̣࣬δعԣء
̫ˣǰڻµģ䣬޷磬Իʡ
СūܳרŪ˸ԧһһţġ
мСūСӳԼ裬ûؾָǵҪԡ
Ҫ𶹸ȥӮͽӹ֣һ߽ȥһ˵ȳԣŪٲԹĲ˾͸ñθûˡ˵ûԷ¿ô̰ͣݳȾܲ㣡
ǲģĲġ
ݳȾѾë˾ͻûУ˲̡
ҲҺļʱȻϲϳԻӮûǰ֪ͨ
ׯ榲ضãƬţ̵ԼţȥţǺˡ
Ҳʲôˣʳ˾̣Ĳ˶
ݳȾû̵֪ζ죬Բ졣
˿ûˣЩݳȾߴ١
ӮһԱѿյӣǿ鴤ͷѡ
ŮȥЩˣѳԤſܳԲС⡢ѼƬ±ͷѼԼͲŻԡ
ȶȸСūŪС뵰
׷ʳڽյĲϣʳΪ
СūԵÿζóӶżһҪɫƣлҲ쵽óԡ
СūԼԷҳԵĺܺãι֪ȶһ׵ȻĺӮв˷ŵ׷档
Ҫ⡣
ӮС©״ӹ̳Ƭ⣬ţ⡢ⶼУĸ
ָָһС⡣
СӶϲըĶӮǰѼҵĺҲ
һСŵ棬Сū֪ԼͣһڳԵӹĹĵġ
԰СڳԡÿضСһڳ˻ҭš
Сū׷ɵͷҲͳԷʱԣ󲿷ʱ򶼺
СҲ
ݳȾ˺üأ֪СūԵģûҪ
ӮҲʢ˵㣬ϰ߳ʳô׷ǳζ
ӮֳݳȾ֣ҡ
ҲҲСݳȾ졣
Ӯ÷ϻ̹ʢһ롣
ǰֶһ롣
ׯ޹գۣ˵˻óԵġ

Ӯˡ
չҪչǸæúܣе㲻ζֲСӣԺҪʲôԼ֣ˣġ
УԺ͹СūӮյС˵
ͷЦһţιߡ
԰ɡ
˾ǲĵԶȹűˣԼ۵㶼νԼںȴ˲ںݳȾׯôûۣѵôõˣˡ
⿴𴩣ӮĶһݳ谮ԶģСūֻŵڶ
רĸɷҲסǶʳҳϡ
ԽѵõݳȾׯ榶Գˣű뿪ɽӡ
ڶӮŮֱԹ˲ˡ
һݵⱾŸЩŲûʱԷʹŮģɵ˲һʣһ׶һʣӾֻһĩԸųԡ
ôŭֻţڿסӮߡ
ϣҶϸϸʹû˭͵͵ԣҲû󣬶ͲˣҲıģ͵Ľˡ
ӮҲû뵽һ֮Ҫܳͻͻ۵Ķǡ
¹֪ˣ»ᴦģȻȥɡ
ǰſ꣬žȥݳȾͷһٽѵ
˵ٴˣ͵͵õëôǲģ
ݳȾŲӣӺߺߴ˶١
û͵ãǮģһ³ӿǮרŷڹġҲԼҪԣǶԺ˺ûԣҿЩ˿͵͵ѷóȥǡ
Ǯڹĳ
ӮѾ֪˵ʲôˣָ죬ǰ
ԺʲôطôҴû
㲻֪ݳȾ̧ͷΪǾӮͬģ纺˸ԺרЩ޼ҿɹĹ¶ˣΪԽԽ࣬͹˶Ժӣ»̳⣬Ƕû߹⣿
£Ӯ˸Ȥҹȥ
ȥˣڼңȻ˻һȥ
ӮæЩҲ˲ͱЩ˵û뵽Ѿڹˡ
ǻװ֮ĳģʦڴһˣ̫ˡ
ԺԭǸƫƧƾԺӣֻɹǿŵĵҲ·ӡ
Ǯ̳ģеĹŮҲ˲٣ĿǰϵҲάֶԺճ
Ժæ̧ͷһ
ӮʾԼݣҾǹ
ԺҪô¶ˣǵö༷½ŵĵطûС
ſڵС¯ϼҩм˲ˡ
ôûдʹ˸ݳȾƺܵģӺǲþͰȫ
û£
תһȦ˵ʰĺܸɾĺӶֹ
Щǣʡ
ƣЩЩɣþǮ
̶ŵģ
࣬ԺӱʱģҶͷ̣ͶǶڹˡ
-----------------------
л˵Բ


100 
ӮһȦ,ֶԺ˺ӣвŮӣҲܿ

ĳĴ,Զϰա
˲
ԺС,ϵǮѾ,ҲӲٻ
붬ˣڼҲֵصﻧ취һ,ԺЩвмǻˣϰȻԸӶ彡ﻧ
ܷɵԺĻҲϰ忴̵ϲŸģͷҪЩƲеĸҲܶ࣬ɮ١
Ժÿô˳ԷҪҩȷʵͣ⿿纼Լٺ»ҲǸ¶
Ůľֲÿ춼УҾȫƾԸܲûǮ˾ȥ˼Ҫͱζˡ
Ը
Ӯ뵽һ취,Ƶ˵˼䡣
ϸţ۾ҲԽԽͷ
ǣȥ,Ǿа취
Ӯǫİڰ֣İ취ǰ·ȽϤˡ
ʵҲûʲôѵ,ǽ֮ǰ˿ĹŮи˽ڡӺϣӼ˴ñܴĵı,ȫ֪Щ£Щһ˵ĺ
Ӻǰ괴ģʼֻһЩǰϢϰ֪ͲùЩԶﴫ¥ֻš
ݶ߽ĵıֽԪչʲô¶濴ҲʼĵĿô˫棬ҪŷŲܰÿŶ¡
ΪЩֻоʵ𣿲ǣũҵģչṤҵѿ
ֽӡˢҲ󷽱ֽӡˢģÿ켸ǧݵӡˢ
Щʿ嶼һū͵ֽеȿţȿֺµıֽЩ̣ר˱ֽطǽĿؾеˡ
صıֽͺԣҪϰջǺܰ
ڽֽĶ۶ᳬʮͭ壬ͨҲҸʶֵ˰һ֪дʲô
ֽ֣滹в廭׵Ĺ»ÿڵıֽеһ顣
һ˾صı£Ī˵СϲǴҲĽζ
ȥ걨ֽлˡšڽֽҵʮַֽѲǰǰˣָоֽͳЩʿͷá
ÿ춼յʮţʱϰٷ⣬Ŷкܶࡣ
Ŵ߸廭µģҲ³ĳЩߵģӮսС
Ӯñֽеյǲ󣬵һҪŵдϣЩҲɵұɼΰ
бֽиôЩԭֲʶһϰʶ֣СֲʶͷĴ֣ӺЩֶϵóˡ
ЩûǮѧõĺӣܴӱ˿֪ԺϹ
ֽĴԼùӮ˸һʶѹôʰһ壬ĺǿɲһеġ
ҲԼĲôı棬ûͷԷȾ͸ŲͣҰ
յ֮ǰĶ˸飬ǾԺĹŮ
Ӯǵƾ٣Ʒи߽࣬ҷ紿ģ
滹纵֣Щ޼ҿɹ¶
ӺĻȳ̶ȣϢܿʹˡ
ʿ˵˭ϲûĻѵãƽҪõһޱȵ춼ѣʿĽݣھϲҼҪЦˣ⽫µĹŮһ
ڶգԺյĹŮ
.
Ҳϲ֮ǰ̣ûܵһʱ俴úź
ֽӵĹѾصȡ֣ÿζͣʵĵط
𾢵Сūˣҡĸ첲׿콲׿콲
ⱻҡһΣűֽ˵Ҳ֪ѽ
Сūģ֪ӺܾܺûС
סĹ£Ҫˡ
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ЩɽҺóǺóԣǿ̫̫ӲС˰ŪһС̡
һιӮʹｫСū
żС¡˵ʮ߻أΪ˶رܾߵĽġ
廭زףΪ»治ͬÿζҪ¿һ渡
ʱӡЧֲã͵µ̣Ҫ
ÿζֻж̶̵صľҪ˼ץӸεģ˵ľ
ӮڸСūμǣĶҲľ۾
ϴ棬û¸ɵݳȾׯһһڳԣҲĽζ
ݳȾ⣬Ľ
Ҫôͺˡ
ׯ榹ӺɮҪɮ
ɮ/已̥һöûС
ʦӶģԻɮҾҪǸ
ߣô˵ء
ҲӲָɽ

ݳȾתȥٲ˵ˡ
μǵĹ*ôӮҲһ¶꣬ɳշɳǶξͣˡ
˱ͽʣµٽòã
Сūе㲻⣬͵͵˳䣬һã׿ڵĻﶼӦ
СӲӮķۣЩЦã⣺
ţͷҲ֪Ĺ¡
Ҳץżʦͽ˽ǸǲֵϳŽ
ӮͽһμǣͶˡ
СūҪˣ庢ӵСǱ˯
ڵĵ˼봲
ڴϻĹ¡
Ӯַŵ촦ЦӯӯĿ
첲ȦסӮĲӣԺ̫ƽˣǶæˣҪҽɴӦ
ʲôܴӦġ
ͲһƽƽĹӡ
ͷĶͷ˯ɣСɵϣҪһܸ㡣
۽Ȼʪ󣬷ѹ¡
˯ˡ
Ӯ۵һʵôĴָ
ҲΪ٣ÿܼ
£ڴŵĿһѵϰµ·¶毺õΡ
ǶխСϸǳǳļ
ѾܿƵ˺ȥҲ˳¡
ССū˯ҲŪ̫󶯾е黰Ǳġ
⿪ʼƵ۽ͨ죬ܡ
Ӯ֣Ҫ̲ס
ôϸɣҪǳСūúӷЩʲôûˡ
𡭡ʾģֻʪ۾
ӮһӾˣ׽Ū˳ĸӿġ
˯ʱѾˡ
.
ֽЧӦù俴һ·ӡһݱֽݷָ
յĳҲ۵
Ӻİޣݶӡˣɾݣֻ·Ҳ಻ͬ
¸˵꣬쾽ž͵ǰרȥֽԵ˵ҲգԺķӶˣϣ²òӰ
ûлӡˢֽҲƿУ̶ȡ
ӺʱţйܻӭĲ廭£ӺĹؼԭģǺѵġ
Ժķ챨ֽҲӦˣޣܴӡˢ˹¼ģͺѴﵽӺ̶ֳȣӰ͸˵ˣԶӺ
ʱڹǳǣӮҪȨѣϳҵֲǮ
ǾͰݷֿӺԺרӡʱţŰһֵģѲ廭ŲȥҲҪӡӣñǱ߷һ֪ͨջºС˵߿Ͷ壬¼ͰѣͬһֻͶǵıУ͸¶ˣҲܳϮŲñ˵ĴԼģⷽñеץϽЩ
һݱֽͭҲûñпȻҲٶӡһݣǰǼٷݲҲЩ̶ӶǳɰǧҪ˽ǮͲǼͭˡ
Ϻϵ̶ÿζõݶıֽ׬ʮ
³ıֽӺ֣ӺֱͬÿһڣӵĲ廭شӵķ⻹С˵غһЩȤ¡
İ֮ӺϵıҲˣ˲ͼ
ͼӮֻʦ̵ģʽĬ磬Ӻͱϵĳªֵ쾡£ħŪ˵ĶǾӦñȺ֮
ӽаƧգΪŰػģ񹲷ߣزݣ
ϭϱıӮҪַӺͱϣе
Ϣһ𾪡
ǰûַӣ˴󵨣Ǳֽ˵ģȷʵΪ¹
-----------------------
л˵ڶдˣ쿪ҲǱĵһͳһӮĽ˭Ӯң»طֽ[ī]


101 
֮,ԾԹԷ²ݱѺӺֻδá
й佨齫Ծ,ų,Ӯͬˡ
Ծؽȸ̨ĵ,Ȼֻ˶һʱø滹Ҫһη,Ҳû̡
ÿոŭӶŮˣǲԸٽжԷһĸס
ĶֽϵҲڻ졣
˵ǰ˫ץס󣺡ΪʲôΪʲôҪô
ĲǱգߣȴڰ·⵽º֪ǰŵˣ·˱ǣѰټ׷
Ծ,ĸΪҪԼ
ڵĻ£ŴֲԾɾɫ㡣
ԾŭҲͬĿԾ
Ϊʲô
ֵ绪ï,뱻һϣҪǿȢΪޡ
ȲԹǿʹٲԸҲֻί
ò,ֺɫԹÿһĺʹࡣ
ںԾƺĸֵܽãЩѪ,Ͳϲ
Ծ򲻸ýȥ׸˵ŮĺӣԾȻΪ˹ԼȨͰˣûãβޣ
Ծǿ˻ٵԼһӵ
ǡЦżԹˣգ
Ծŭɶ
ԼòĹ֮λûˣ̶ܵίʲô
Թˣҵĺ뱲Ӿֻĵطȹĵ˵
Ծʹ޼ˡ
İĳͷнŲڿտԵø
ԾΪ䣬롪
㣿۾ɴ
Ҳû˷ŵĿնĮ˵ϣϲѣ
ԹΨһҴľ𰣬Ҳø
ʵ˵Ӻĺܺãĵÿ˭ɫ
˼ĸףǳ
ɼǰԹϢƽһӾͱˡ
żְﲻһæ
飬˵ĸ׺ͽҪȴΪһֱûɡ
ڹſȸ̨ˣ˰ղű̽ĸ㡣
ǰĸŮ
ĸס֣˫յϸۣʹѡ
ʹ޲ֹֻĸŮˡ
ҲʹԼܣŮס
ĸŮ˸жԾۿţԷ̡
ĿҸĸ˵Լδ޹㣬˵ĸ׻
ԾӺһпɺã𣿡
ҡͷҴδ
㡭
𰴹ˣֲ˵ˣ˵ôʲôá
ʱԾֿˣ˵ԾᣬôЦˡ
ûС𰼱ŷϡ
Ծ£ǰΪ£ŲԼݸҰģڲҪװˣʵһȫ¶˫۾Ƕߵ۾Ƕòϣž͸}ˣ϶ּëȻĸо
ޣȥǡ
ҡ𰺬ᣬҼ
Ծ͸ŭ㻹Ƿ㱾¶ûУҪʲôá
סĶ䣬Щ
죬ĸףһȥͽȥ
Ҫɵ£Ȼ
ͷѾˡ
һǽ֮ݳȾ˰ҲûеõģٸȤ˽ȥ
Ӯء
ҲŻε棬ΧŸճ𰿴˰졣
һߣмҪžۣ԰ھͿԽؽȥ
𰺦µĶ˶ҡһĸףһҽ㣬Ҳܲȡ
ŮûˣݳȾҡͷ
ôȣǰڹſڹţҸɣŵ¾ѹ֪ͷĳһûãܵطƣ˲ϲڴſڹţаϵһ档
˼ҲñؽȥŶԣʡ鷳ƫⲻ֪ʲôӺôҲûд𰣬ʲô˼
ЦЦ֪˭ңˡܺãһǣԶԶƼˡǷָʹæһʣ벻Ҷ޻˵ǱϾҵˣҲܡ
ݳȾ⣺ĸ׵ҲգԾΪΣǺ˵ˡ
ЦЩɬģңҲĸԸ
ݳȾҡͷûˡ
ָʹæһݡ
ݳȾɫӣԾǲܷųģܿͻĸסϻһ棬㲻ҪٸɹؿͷִˣҲ˭ξԻᶨᣬҪٷӺǾݲˣˣԼɡ
ˣһԭء
ûãͳһС뿪Ӻȥ޵ķأǶѾֳ¿ķˡ
ªۣ˼ݳĳ򣬾ֻһŮһӸš
ӮӦ󣬶ԷԸ뿪ǸӮйͽԾЩ꣬Ҳ֪㶫ͽΪʿ
ׯ׷ȥɱһﻹкܶ࣬ѸգΪڱϵĵڶʿ壬ϡ
ʿϷҪ׷ҲǴ۸ӵģӳѾȥôʱˣǵõ˾͸١
֪ϳϣ뿪Ӻǰһ仰
ñĺΪ仰ܶգݳȾʡ
.
ڶ괺죬򶫷չС߾
ڱ߾ĳս˫Ӯ
Ӯǵմغϡ
ӮŶһߣ˽¶ѾͬһӣϷǿ
ڿͼϸƶʾأǶ
Ӯ˺ַڱС
óݣڲᣬȴòȷš
š
.
ͬڲϷĻӺٵ塣
Ҳ¹ӮƴҲֻַӾ治˳
ڽѹѹһƬ߿İն˲ϾϼҴ߶սҡ
ѡڹ۷û߿ʳ⼸ũҵ緢չʳߣó۲ˣʱָʱ
ڣиڲĴڣڱ߿սûռˣЩ͵ϮɹҺ纼ʱطûóóѣȴҲء
ԴûгԹôİ̡
Ӫڣһȭϣ޵սʧյˣ
ǣɫͬˡ
˭뵽ĻڸǵĲ࣡ƾ͸ޡ
һԹõͼֽԾթ֪ٱƳҲ֣ųô
ȳˣһҪǸĺÿ
-----------------------
л˵пհѸ˻ȥ껨Ҫȥ˯Ҳٹ


102 
ڽĳʮ,⼸˿ͽкܴĹϵ
δ֮ǰ˿ڶ򣬳Ҳʮ⻹Ҫϱ߾,///֮˿,Ҳʮɶʮ
ġȮ֮,ʮвĺȮͶ,±ӸսںԵļսж˲СĹ͡
ǻֽһ˿ڴղ飬ԵءȮ֡ĺͰ˿ѳ߰򣬱ȳ˽򣬳Ϊ˿ͽ
ڳȻаʮ򣬵ŲҲֻʮңѾ޶ˡ
ȫԮôߡϷͱصĹذ޾פأ߾֮ĲͬҰ,ò
ƺĶжʮˣսʧˡ
Ӻжʮպ󽫿Ԯ
.
Ӯ,ѡַǳΣ֪˲ᳬ
ĻͼֽӮĵ£սڼǰʮʿİΣ
ҲҺǻʶ,δֹͣñоȽ
ȥ굽꣬Եص󿪲ݱṩĽΪұñܹгԭ
Ѿµߴ,κܶرȻڣȳ͵Ļ㣬ҲԶڵǿ
ֻоѣרңṩרҵ֪ʶҲǳޣֵҲֻܺͱʦһ취
ڶս֮ǰЩ⻹ûеõż϶˺üˮݡ
ձڴ˺Ϣվ͸æˡ
ΪһֱûҲûȸȻڵ¡
˾Ҫȵ䶨һж˵Ȼǰ˵ֻʧʧȻⷴο
ȻͷϷɲֹȻڡ
ͨĲؿǽ鳡ʦѾ׼ˡ
ϣˡǰͲ󣬵ѾǱļǸˡ
ӺӮһЩͼ飬ֻг֮˲ܲģҲܽ뿴ʱһƣվͻ黹Ϊ˷ֹ֮ͽϡ
ֲ书ƽֻͷЩҪĸ֣ûзأڶ˫۾ڶӺҪʱɴ඼סڱȥˡ
·Ѿ֪ȻڵĴڣҲٳ飬ɴûӪģҪģս̭ȥĳڶˡ
ҪʲôԶʵ
Ц˸ӣһ˾֪ˡ
棬תͷӮǲŪ
ȿӮҲӡ
ҲֻºͳҲˣվں棬ǰͬ棬쳤˲ڿ
Կʼˡ
ǣϡ˵ǰеСӶ
ӮˣžͿ鳡ȽյĴŻ򿪣һ͵ĸޡ
˵ʵҲʣӦǿ޵ײӵģֻĸӱȽ֣žǳ㣬ڵϻǰС
۾΢΢ɴ󣬾ȵǡޣ
ʱµĻ޲кʰͽ˱֮Ͳ֪ˣҲûӮ𣬻ΪǶͭѾұ¯жˡ
Ӯ΢΢һЦҲô˵ҸŴС̹ˡ
Ļ޸Уʱ޵ĲкռóоЩûз»ġ
ԼҲǿž޴ġ࡯൱ӣҲеǰĻףֻ˼Ǹ߿Ƽȴǽƾ㲿شճɣֻص˾Ǹš
ǣóͼʦо͸أŲõ̹˵ȥ̹˸ִȽ̹˵ȻûȣʱǾԹˡ
ܶ滹ֻҪ̹Ǹ಻չ޾Ͳᱻſ¡
ΪֻҪޣҲеģұȳĸ
С̹ˣѽ⣬ʣӮʾǰ
ֻС̹˻ڡ¶ȫòϷſڹܺڶģŶˣһȫλת
ӪڣͶһſԲεı/ը/ȴΪ׼ͷ㣬ûлС̹ˣС̹˶źһڣˡ
ںġоָӲǱȻڻУ齫ˡ档
սʼֻ˲һӡ
ӪûжĻᡣ
Щ˶ʱӺǱߵģ֮ǰûмС̹ˣͷޣǸ޷սʤԼĵĿ־壬ֱӶ˱㵽һߣЩͬԹ۵˾
ⲻ֪Ѿƽɵÿסˣþûز
ԵǼսûںͱϣԾܶԾǰֻܿѾǼٶˣɸⳡģս
Ҫǰ鿴Ǹһ
Ӯһס֣𼱣Ǳ̴߳һٹȥ
Ҳֻܰס׺š
쾶Ѿɵˣ˴ŵֶսģڷ
Ǳߵġս𡯳ͣЪɢȥӮŴǰ
ſԭС̹滹ܲˣԲٿ̹˽ķ򣬲Ļ޾ֻܳŹ̶һֱײ
Ҫͷ޾Ͼֱ֪ûڸûˡ
̹ĶǱƿˣȵͷ󺹣˶ر˷ܣûдôˬ̣ŽǻûսͽˣһûУӪĲͶҲҺòڵȻĻҪ졣
ҲȥԾԾԣεĿӮ
ӮЦŵͷһһȥΪϸ̹ڲĹ죬β
תĿ죬ܿҪ죬ԼſһΣʱᣬͷ˺üΣȥ
֮¡쾺˾ֶȥιˣֻ˳쾵Сû֣º˾ֶԼֿһΣѪڵǰ塣
ʵС̹˻кܶ಻ĵطѾĿǰˮƽˣӮҲҪ̫ߣϾʱƣṤҵŸոѿعĴһܺճҡ
ҲܺλشõǺηʥһҿ϶ԷԲʱԭסҲǸʱˡ
ΨһĿܾǡ
죬һλظ֡
ڱ˴죬ߵȫװպһͬΡ
ЩͲĴһ˵Ļ˺ֻסӮ֡
ӮǰѱͿˣС̹˾ֻһȻҲֻ࣬ܣµĶǸĻ北䱸õģݷǹɷ㣬Ҳȡ
ûгĹҵͲȫ̭ã󡢵ǹꪶ׼㡣
ʿĿסЬȵȣݺ͸ʶѾ˺üֿ⣬ӮԹ֣˭ҪǸҴЩʵע⣬ͱ顣
ЩӪʱҲڳʲôû˵ֻǵҹɽС׸˺ҹڶӮӵȥᣬ˯͡
գӮСūһֱ͵ĸŮվڸߴĿͳĶ黺붫ߣȫʱһһСͶᡣ
Сū§סӣſϿޣֻ۾׵ҡ
ӮסҲڿޣţ
㳤󡣡
ţΪʲô㳤󣿡
Сūû˵ֻսСȭͷ
.
صӮݳȾʵ¡
ȥ˵¬һʹҴҸϻأϣָʹڷУūϿš
˫ַݳȾµţдšӮ
ӮֲõԤУһѶž˺ֻм̵һ仰
ȥˣء
-----------------------
л˵껨ݶϿ𣿣ž[]


103 
俤ǽϱҪķ֮,ܴ俤Ϳֱжϳı߽ͨ
ĳǳؾͽ俤棬ʵĴسУǰҲơĶ
ڼ˫ûͣ,һֱ׺ݵ˺ҧ,,Ҳòȥյֱ۶û若ˡ
֮ǰӮºͯĵطĻ,ѡ俤
ڷ֮ǰصĳ񻹾ܵ俤ĵسйİնŵ̡
ֹչȥ俤ΥնɱذյĲ˵ĹĶ壬ֳٵӣѹӳĿǰ俤ĵˡ
ǵ۵Ĺͯͽ,˺ܶͽܣɣ俤С
ʼûԼ俤Ϊʲô,˴ĻͯҲռ鱨ַϢˡ
շŷһֻŸ룬ͯ׼ط,Ͷ¡
ʲôˣذס
ݳȾӺڰ߳ţҡ
ָʹͯü,ذôˣǾµ
ϲ֪俤ҲҪ
ͯšüʲô˼
ǾͱˣҵĴ㡣أݳȾʡ
ӹǳǻ֮Ӻһʱӧ俤
˵̽鱨ɲǸ̳ƮֻҪ˭ҲҲ
ݳȾҪɰæһʱϵˣͯǰæˡ
ͯط䣬¡
ҹ俤ĵۣҲ*ͬüû俤ʲô
ݳȾ䣬ݹƽƽ档
ûش£ʣ俤սΣ
ĿһֹۣۣñСԶ
ⲻǳ־Լ磬ʵ
ݳȾָ׿ٽģ俤ʧأ
ҡҡͷ˵СأҲûֵ̫ˡ
ݳȾۣǿӱ޸Ϲģں棬֪Ҫʱܵ
ֻƺܶһʱ䣬ŵĶʮͺˡ
Ҫɣʡ
š
ʲô
ȥ
ºͯһۣǻΪݳȾҪȥݳȾˡ
֪ʲôݳȾתͷȼյ򣬡ҸҲ˵ȥӦҲˡǺ޳֪ԼɱʯͷҪˣαصȵڣȥбĴ㣬ǰϵɣԽԽá
.
俤ͼڽĶӵ׾һҪ¡
ӵ׾ڴ֮ǰͱƺ纵Ķشʣ²в̫á
Ϊʵǿ˲֪ٱƲҲ֪ϲ˵ȴǺ޼
ݳȾѾϵϣԼ档
ĳªķڣժҷŵһߣѩܹͷ
߿ű̾䰡Ȼ˵˲οﶼ춷ۼˡڲأʿ֮ìҲ䲻Σεһˣ٣˹߻Ứģˣú͸Ը¶ϲ
̽ϢǱߵҲˣǾǸ̰֮
ݳȾСϣСľڰ̿𣬻ӳͫס
Լž˵һѣû֨ʣô£Ĳɵġ
û˵
Ҷ˵ˣ˵ʲô
Ŷ
ɲ̽ϢֶһŶ
ݳȾץǰ鶪ȥЩ
ɷץ˵ִóһŷŵǰԲɫϳˣĶģòǰӳ͵İɣ
ƨݳȾįļ̿𣬡֮ǰӺϸҵģ˵ҺúԺ󵱼ױһֲˣҪʲôױ
ϸô飿ĽһžֵǮ
ݳȾ̲סҫһкܶࡣ
ɾеˣ֪ҵͲʧˡ
ǺõģûҪȥݳȾ˵ڶ£̸Ǯ˸ˣİɣ¶һá
л
һҿҪ㣬¶ûԾպҪǹɵҵŵ
š
ﲻ˵¶ֲǲС
ٸ˵ݳȾ˻ѡ
вǳʸ񶼲˳ֵ¶ҪԸǳ
ӮͬкգֻնˣֻҪ³ɣֻҪܰӮæݳȾͲںԼûΣա
.
ԶڷǸʮġ
ٽźô꣬˼⼸ѻüչĽһɲ֪ôˡ
źŮȥԼڵڣСĹ۲ɫ˻ĵϺαطǣūҲð졣
һ˾񣬡ν⣿
ٱū˵սҲǲѶΪ֮ǳƽֲͬ񣬵Ҳһ⣬ӦǺޣֺα˻ˮԱΪϡ
Ǹˣʶ̫ǳʧϣò
΢΢һЦ󷽱ض飬Ϻβ
˵۾һܿͱɵȡթɲɡ
֪ôױ˵кУյߵ˵˼䡣
۾ԽԽԳļɵ𽥻ΪҰġ
ٹ֪ȥˣ⣬۵һḬ̃
Ϊ˷ƣԸؽ˵ȻҲԸ⡣
Ǽ仰׵ĺܡ
.
Ѹͣ޴Ļ򶫾ĻڣƷͬʱҲɢˡ
ôޣԳ˵ҲһʲСʧ
ȴںӶ˫ŭ𣺡ձ俤
俤Ѿ˼£ó衣
ƺ纸иˣǿŲ˷ĳ׽֮սʮֹؼ
ǰˣ俤ʧء
˫۳죬˵ļҧݵܰܣҲҪס俤
ҩ˿ϡ
һֱ˶ǲսΣյǶÿζתΣΪ֪ǺˣѾӽʮ򣬻Ҳ౻Ļ޴ݻٴľǸƴ
ҲȷʵϣУսˡ
ͻƹؿڣֱ俤ء
纴˵ˣʣ²ˣջں׷š
֪Ҫ׽ƣǷ˵ãԴҪЮˡ
ǷͷܣҪҡ˸취
ȴͬ⣬У
ܻһ
纲ֻץס֣Ƕûš
죬˵
󣬳Ѿĺܽˣ
ѾƵ׼ȴû׷ҲԶȥֻ¹̡
ͻȻˡ
ô£ôͻȻˡ
üҡͷҲ֪ô¡
ʱһֻŸǸȡӽϵš
ԮѵͻϮ
ۿһȣǳ㣬Ԯϵˡ
Ĩᣬһɨŵ˵ԮˣƵ͵ϮӦŻոŻȥȻأ
纶ͬʱһŽʣ̱ȡ


104 
Ԯ֪,ȵľ⣬ҲһֱԷĶ򣬿ղŴϢ˵Ķʮ俤Զ,ôϵ,ôھͻȻĺ󷽡
ΪǶʹթ,ƺ洫߻üƲ,δͲططѾ죬òȥ
·վǰŵСͻȻִͻޣЩޡղԼС̲ס£Щٶȼ죬ϻŻڣǵĻ޺ͻڶըˣ
㿴ˣպݺü
ǧȷ
ҧһ,ʣɿ֮˭
ǡС°죬պĵսսǽ,⣬ٿصĻѾ俪ϳţڳеѾܻ񡭡
ɫֲСѾ˵ȥ
Ϊ׷Ķ,ճصڳڵıѲĶʮ,ֵסҲζʧˡ
ڸô죿Сǰѯʣأǵ˵ҲҪ
һסڵŭ𣬳򡣡
طڹصްС̹ѹľ֦Ѱĵǹꪶ˲С̹ˣھǰһȺϣ׾ͱࡣ
ĻڶԸʱѾ˲٣ڳڵͷҲС̹˻ˣڸǱȲϽȻڣһ¾ͽյغüǰʱҲ䣬Ҳܸտ⡣
ڻ죬ŽѪζ
⣡
еĳǹջ˫ʿɱ֮ҲһѪ·
նݺݵۣ·ףЦڰˡ
ĵһ̾ģֱԷһ
ƿĳǹ粽ͳ壬󴸴ŷֱš
˫˫µ˲಻ҵģæš裬Ͳ׵ļƬһƬ۵Ļǡ
ٺˣеĳǹǰбȥǹͷ׼ס봸ͷνӵıҪ˫ȴʶƣ˫ʽǹͷһק
ʱšǹͷǹͷǹֿܷĳǹӮרƵģͷһϸӣֱף̤Ƶ࣬ǹӵյĲȥ
˫浲סӣôʱǹͷקأǹǹͷٴκϲյʺʹ̹ȥ
ǹ죬Ȳǰ̣Դ֮ƵóˣóȻػֻҪػ¶ǹͷͻҪ
˴ѷᡣ
ҵ˫ݺǹسǹȴɱķ顣
ճƱƽսʱ˫Ʒӵ¡
еĳǹ޷ʩչָǰȺ۷ʱڣٺķȥԴϺ󳷣ͽ߳һƥս
ջû񫣬ҪܣҲ׷ʱ㵨Сˣ
ǰֻӮһʱ䳤ˣһЩ뷨Ҳת˹޴Ϊ֣ʲôҪַͬƴ
սڷɳۣͷ׷ںգһЦҵƤͳһС۳ݷǹվͿǹ
ʱǹûãһǹֱҪյֻм
ǱˤϥڵѪļ˫۶ð֮ǰͱû若˹ֱһǹĬ
ŽսһֱûлݷǹڱͷٲһǹֱҪյ
ɳѾ£ջм䣬ֻȷ´һɱգӵͷ­ο俤ʮ򶫾
Ѿ£شҪسǳҲΡ
ණǺս෴˻ͣѹͷôãͶѻɽ͵ǧѷĻΪȥʮ˱ˡ
ǰлֻֻܲʶӡ
㣡ɱĻѪ͸˵ܹȥ
һѱסϵ˾۲ѣԼҪһƶʣµĶԶزȥӺˣú¡
ˣþҽ㿴ҡܵƵơ
ȴνû£㣬һС˶ѡ
ں仰ڵںȻδ
ȴˣƵ֣ȥһˣ˵
ƶʹû֪ˣҲ̫ˣǺ
У㣬ȥˡ
ȥɣͷƶȥһˣԼһҲġ
纵ͷ㲻ҲôǰʣҪ׷𣿡
γԪˣʤ׷һټ
ȴĪ׷
ʮûȫϵȥ׷ղ֮٣أµĴһ㡣
ڱɢԹʱܲͬģһزסõолɳ˽أ룬ܽʤȻãûаҲҪס߿õо̤벽
.
ǣ差
ձܣʧصϢѾأڵѩȾһһ㡣
ˣ
ڵ˻Ƥӵϣȹ̿ϻ͸ˮ
̶Ӵӽ˻Ĺƣڣúȣ差ر
ϲŭ£ȴ˾ñһɺصѹô
˸ҳȫڵء
Ц۵ȴްЦ⣬ǲĴ
ԭҲгֱʣһδգˣֻһֱûлᣬӵĲøһܺõ˼·˳Ʋüƻɹ˴룬ֻϧһ
ֻҪⲻͻսǼְ
ˮ˼¹ŵ˲Ҵţɻмֲò
ϣһ£ĳڶĲǱص³ء
³ǰͱˣǳפأΪΣȴ֪һһ˼ӣǵС˼ù
ЦһͨЦŽ۵׷Ѫ⣬ҡڵ϶»Ǹˡ룬ֻҪ춯̽ͷ¡
µĹ䵽Ʊ˪
.
أԮҲϵˣԳеĲ˵
ڻණû࣬ɱţڿ±ֲȱ
ƺ纲Ͳְ䣬սĽʿи俤ʯսĽʿһһԿ̣úؼĹ
ӮЩѧģӮ˵Ҳܹͷ̡
ܿгˣ˿ӱͻӺ
ƵѾ죬ĸó͵͵һ㣬Ŵȥָ纡
ΪʡǮ켸ԺܽڼϵѶǰˣһµĶûԷҲӾУô࣬ӪĴʲôͳʲôӲԼǮ
ƹ۶ԷģӺʱ纵ԼҳԷϡ
͵Сûӹ۾붼ݳȾ͵͵ëܲģΧ˶ˡ
Ӯ˵ûСƺǲʡģ俤·ͽӵӮţ˵ݳȾȥ˳
εĿãϲԾȫûȥѧݳȾ͵͵ģûþϿˣȸ̨俤ô㽫
ʲôƲ⡣
ǸݳȾϵܣݳȾȥ֮ǰ϶俤ǣ
üǼȻ֪ݳȾ٣Ϊβϡ
ݳȾ˵ɣˣȥʾ֪ˡ


105 
Ӻʱ,ºܼͯĴ࣬ձйҲֱġ
ſڶӣŽվ޺ùӳԵ̬˽ȥ
լԭǳԱĹۡ,쳣ݻ,˽ֵǮĶˡ
ҪǮ,̸ҪǮӮҲԣ,ǮˮһȥѰݹıѾʣʲôˣָܾܲӮһŪǮ
յĲƲɶЩйʿԱĲҵãҲѹģɻȻҲ͹ôҪԷЩǮҲܶһӡ
ӳһЩҪΰʣֵǮĶûУյ
ºͯĥŽ,˭Ҳ̧ͷĳϵ
ˣŶ,󽫾
׸ýз˻Ǵ󽫾ʵҲ㲻ʲôĶУҲǸ硣
ӲЩƺ,ֱ̧
ҲĨǣֱʣݳȾģ
ºͯ￩һ£λ,֪ס
ǴӦݳȾ˵Ĳ

СҪͳ˰ɣǾǸ鱨ģûеǳ̬
ôǣɣֻͷۣȥʲô
⡭³ɵʵҲǺû˵
Ҳѣˣʣиϵ
ҡͷȥ֮ûϢ
취ϵ
´˸ҿǣˣȾȽԽ˵¾ͲģǾϵҲǵġ
žһϣǾ͸ڲԺҲˣ
˵һͷƤ顣
УǺڵģݳȾĲӮܵġ
ʡĵѾͷõܵкȥ㶯ˣ֪ŷҪŪȥϸǰգǲҪˣһҪݺݽѵ
¼ɫѿӲͷƤ˵ȾʵҲæ;Ͼͱĸˣ˾ϲԼ俤ʱҲȰǸ߾ϡ
½˸ɾ
ʱȻԱΪϰλϿɲһ
϶Щ˶ٶеΪ֮ǰΪ˶Ըϣһֱ̣һȸ̨ʱֶκ̣ܲԾϾùⲻȥǾرݡ
˺;ϵ·䲻ͬԹʱһ·һ·ɱµ˲֪ж٣Щ˹ȻҲǻ˾ϣ϶ȹȻѶ̡
Ϸ¶һ֣ˡʵǸݽɫȻˣִ治ĻҲ˵
Ƶվѵ
˵ǾͲ˵ȸ̨Ϊϰ£֪鲻ôĵӡ
Ҳºͯǰ¿Լ̣ҪԼ˭ǰǰûйأҪԼԴˡ
ºͯ˫˫򵹣²ҡ
ȷʵݳȾ
⻺αݳȾ
ǣ
ºͯҵ飬ʹųȥˣֻǳٳûյݳȾĻ
.
ͳ³ؽսսʤ
һƬսɣʧϼҴطӡ
ݳȾȴϣǱκصȴʱ
Ŵѩɶڻѱ߿ϻһõƤõġ
ݳȾڶ棬ͷڿţӳϣܿɫá
ŰǰѾյˣרŵ
ݳȾûиǻš
ɷ˸ۣһţ֪ó˶ٱ顣
Сľ֮ǰѵĺںĶ˺潹ڵƤ¶Ƶĺ⣬𣬲ֱˮ
һ죬òŪڳԵġ
̣һߴһ߳ԣƤӶ졣
ݳȾڿţ˵Ѿˣȥˡ
ݳȾĿľɿŸɣѾɣҲûȥˡ
ݳȾۺȥɡ
һ
ü㲻أϿ˵ˣ˺أ㻹뿹
ݳȾԺ֨
˵ǷŸûЩƵطˡ
ٺѩҪ
á
Ȼ֪Ҳ֪Ӯ´Ļܿĳ
ʵǸ˵ģΪԼԼİΣȥȴڣãȴǿԻȥˡ
ɲ⣺ʲôãˣ֪
ͻ俤·ͳһţȥˡ
ɽӹĲȥˣ
һ¡
㡭ɫӵĿһۣ̾ǿҪʹŸǣǶȸ̨ģ϶㡣
֪л
ڶڴ˷ֵЯ·俤ݳȾװڡ
.
Ϊ˷ֹûս³³صģϢûдȥµҲ˰ء
ҪܿѲ鴩³κز˳俤ҪôҪƵǱҲڴ̣·;ңԶǳ¶
һ˵죬ƤëٻЩǮܴͨϵѲĳС
˭ҲǮȥ˵ҲͰһ顣
俤ĵĻͳһֲٿġ̡䶷һѾ͸ãжУֻҪͷ΢¾Щ˽Լˡ
ѩͣЪɴżƤë͵˳ص俤ƤëҲͰˣ׾Ȼû
ǰ˵Χ⼸󳵶棬ȸ̨ǳ˲š
ɴһƤñӣ˫ֿڳߣžһ̡
ѽǾĺá
㻹ǻƨƱġ
ɺٺһЦսûҰɣ
һתŻ͵أǼͰ
˵վ͸һһҪ׽
һһ࣬ڿƺԩιιιⲻ¶ݳȾҸɵģʲô֪ҾһԸµġ
ŵɫˣƶʱù񫣬ĴȿЦɵӣƭģ
ҧˣҺ氡
ˡ
ֻЦЦᶼ쭳ˡ
ǰɵļǸ⣬㿪Цġ
һ¶֣ûһ㶼Ц
󽫾Ҳģ㻹ô˵ɡ纺ѡ
ɰƤñץԭطתȦȰˣݳȾϻأô졣
ִ򲻹ݳȾҪһߵˡ
ЩŸҽ˵ɡƾȥ⡣
յĹۡոսƻ⣬װһϴ̬õʱݳȾó
⿴֮ĬãҹȫɹأԭƶõĽƻҲͣòҪڶ۵С۵ĸɺȥ
ĽͣǱߵսҲʧء
ͻĺϢһͬʱֺܲΪ˵ý˰̵ı
ӵ׾ǵģ˾Ǹ©ŽӮⳡ̡
ĴԽ*Ķ䣬ܿĲŹ֣ҸĽս˴
ʤפڶ߾˾裬˲һɽĴӷ߾˸ء
Ϊ˷ֹɱǣ񶼵³أɽǱһ㲻֪³ر׷Ŵʱ򣬽Ѿ˸ǰ
ͬʱװԼڶ˰̵ĽͻȻˣսǿɱ˸ɾ֧Ԯý̲ϵĴƬ
ӦҪȥأȴ־³ѾĲˡ
Ѫʱͻˣʡ¡
һţʿæʰҲҲд㡣
εٳذ״ڴϻԲѵȻղصĽ鱦֮زز
ûӶԶͱɱ·ߣ鱦ȫˣֻһ߱Ұ޿е߰ʬ塣
ⳡԭι̵ķս߱ϣ׾ȸ³Ϊ˼¡
ѾΧԮԸ˽˼̣˱߾üǳء
ӺڱŭѾӦǽһıȦˣûԽĽսȤ
ֻд˲䵱Ķ֣ҲãҲкôģ³ԱĽˣֻ첻ô
ӮԼӺһѺܺõĵ
.
差
ճץһĻˣѾˣͷ͹ڳſʾڡ
֮ǰ差ûôԾϾǳĶǣݵЩԼƤӵôԲĺϡ
ǰʱͻȻȨȨȨײһ𣬲ĺǣȥʿҲ١
ݳȾŶڰٱץˣƵѾ˶ˡ
뾡취ǡ
ȸ̨差ѱݻ٣ǾֻܿԼ
ǰһ˼ˣվͻᷢɥɥĶǡ
⣬ת뿪
ڳûй̶סʱַʱڶķطӣЩԺӺò
ڳڿַͶķ˶бٱҲµﱳˣͲôϲ飬ݣûϵóˡ
·̶ӷĵطͻȻӿ˽ŲתԱߵªһͷڿܡ
һշ磬Ķ˳ߣһֻӲץĲ
ǻȥɡ
-----------------------
л˵ҼԺǽи첻֪˭ʯͷѹûŲԺֹˣûˣڼҵĹӳĹӻزȥԺǽ˰죬ǰѴƸˣһʹܳȥСʱԺѵһֱǵãʺܵ棬ЦˣԲ𰡴ƣ


106 
֮ǰݳȾĴ,˾ûʲôµġ
֪ԼǳĶ֣ׯ榶ֻܸƽ,ֶǸ,밵ɱǲܵ,Ҳûô
ֻõڳڵӰóңǰʱ差ǵӾġ
ӺܶӮ̸¾,֪ںܶطū
ʿ屻ūˣūʲô֯רŸŸɣɱѹҲû
ҲйüΣÿֻҪðͷͻᱻѹȥֵ±ǿ׳ūڳ
ԴЩҵˣūǹ񣬳˵ɱɱ,ǴɱѪɺ֡
Ӱ쵽差ΪʿǣУԲ˼Щͼū,ȴòʿӡ
ʿʿɲͬǰȨŽҪЩ,Ͳ̫ܵס
ݳȾ֮ǰݷڳôãٶ֪
Դȸ̨ǱңϤ,ʵѡ
ӮͬգܹҪȥԽԽãƳһ죬ս־ͻվһ֡
Էַ⿪ʼʵǿ񣬳ĳʮ򣬶ҶǾǧϱ
ս⼸ģлڻܸһϸ¡
ڳҲлڣĴڲ࣬˭֪ûĻڣֵ¿иóˡ
͵Ӯ˵ѿ֧£ȱǮҪⳡ̴ϸ꣬ĲģᱻͿա
Ҫάս½Ҫ˰ʱյӾͲùһԲӾͺ׳ӣ⻼Σա
֮ǰԹʱûӮôֵĵˣӮⶼܼɵ
ڹǳǣɱ˳ģһֱûᣬץ϶Ͷͻɾ裬һᡣ
.
δ𣬵δ𡭡
ĵΣǽ̾ȫݳȾڼϣѪָ
̣Ѿȥˡ
ǰȥס°ͽͷ̧ûбٲŷġ
˻ͷߣѵ㽫򡣡
ν˦˦ӣߵѾˡ
Һû򻵡
Ҳ־ϲȻҪšˣҲˣ߰ɡ
˵ѪݳȾͱ˴ӼϷĸ첲ϳΡ
˫ڵϳѪۡ
.
ǰȸ̨ѵһؾʹԹҩѪҲöʹ
ҩ˺ܴ󣬺Ӯ֪ˣׯ榸Ρ
͸Ӯ˵Σʵۣ֮ǰͦõģҲۡ
˱ӣƤĺۣ۵ȥˡ
㣬ҪóԵûû
ڴϣ˵λ
ӺĹ׷ӮƨɺҪóԵģӮŶ첽ߣƶߴߴ
ֱӮӦϸϹǱԣҪӶǣҪܷۡ

ϹǱ
뿪ӺǰϣӮ³˺ܶóԵģоϹǱ
ΪҲϲʳ
ׯ榾͸Ųһ١
֮ǰӮͲôʳˣ͵͵ԡ
ÿγʳȥ͵һ㣬Ҳö࣬³ӷ֣ͻᵽ³ˣȻӮͻ֪˾ͻйȥѵ
Ӯ֥Ǻͻǣ˺ܶ࣬гСڶߵġ
ǽеͷûе
ӮҲׯ榷һСӮֽ˵һݡ
֥ͳˣʣ黨һֱ᲻óԣֽװںɰŵģԣɰǣĻǡ
ҵĻǡ
εĺɰ͵ؾѣ˶
ң
ûдξȫѹʧҪ͵ǵ
ûУϵһµĳЦЦĿ
ݳȾҵĺɰ档
ݳȾ˵ɰҪɰĶҪ
˲ϵˣƿ´ܹȥҪغɰ
ң
ԭ·ѾˣڴŸɾĳ£ȥʱ¶ϵ˺ۣһĽţĿġ
ûֻǽ־ٸߣ̧סȻϷŪƵϷŪ
ݳȾֺܻܷŭѺɰң
Ϲҩ˿ѪȾĳ¡
վ׽ס˼ļͲܶˡ
ǳ߻õֶΣҲ֪ǴĶѧġ
ڴûҲˣ˵ſңճģ
³ޣֻҪס
ڴ߿һ˴򻹲ʵǴĲ
ޣ
㶹һ¿ˮ
̧ĨźɰϵǰλΡ
Ҫ
ݳȾӾ͸źɰתɰǹĵģ֤ǻ档
ҡˣŭҲûкô
˵һףɰԶ̿¯
պ̼ܿͽɰٳһŻҽĻҲˣƮһζ
ݳȾۣӮǡ
ԼԺҲԲˣ˼飬ʱó죬Ҳǿĵġ
ȫûˣ
ƴɶԼ壬ܶҪƴ
˿ĺȡֹѪҩۣǿĳΪֹѪ
ݳȾһֻ׸ĸʱᱻɱûϡ
ᣬûŪȴ䣬Ʈɵѩ
ԾĶӱ߾差£ͦôΪ£һеԴףֻȳЩͷˣ۰ɣǸϺ˸ιӣҲ֪ˣ˺ã˲Ż᳤ԡ
ݳȾ˵ʲôԼӶɱ⡣
֪㱻ץ˵ҪҪҩֳษֻҪ˫ͫ׶϶õ
˸ǿſ־壬㲻ҪΪ࿴ңҲöӣ˵벻˵Ѿˣ˱ˡ
Ц۵ףǰ޽ھȻΪϡ
ûޣǶװ㿴ģĿľҳ
ͷЩҪ׵ĴΣϢζһ˵ϡ
˲գһ㶫ڿǲˣҲãҲ᲻ٽŻȥһֱڳ
ݳȾ飬ۣͣˡ
ϾûһƤ
Ⱥ³ĴϣԼڴѪ˿ڣļƻͳһ롣
ģһҪųµ
ʱȴͻȻſ֣ŮһССĸ˽
ݳȾʶҲûм
ˣ°̺ۡǸ˵
ǰɨӹݳȾķʲôӴСҩȡһϸ룬մȡһݳȾ˿ϵѪ
ݳȾġ
벢ޱ仯ȴŵţܿȻһЦ
ϷѾͷŪĶ˿ڣò¾ͻᶾ
ЩݳȾ֪Լ׼ĺֱʶˣҪ군ˣ϶þϸֶĥǰܣС
ҲزȥӺԲˡ
ݳȾ۽Ūʪޱߵķ˿
-----------------------
л˵ˣд˺ܾãɾɾĸĵġ


107 
Դȥ˶,Ӯֻص֮ǰӴӡ
ڰǰ౨Ǵӱ߾ġ
̧ͷɳǱĲֺСūɳ̵̫,С,Ҳȫò,ԼŵӵߣȻƨ
𿴻¬ˤ,뱧ȥģûãҪԼ
ϵǾɳ̣ܾϸӮµ˾µľо˰죬ʱСūҲڣɷµǶĻȥ
ߵҲ·ӣȫǸ͵Ϯж򲻹ܣǳҲ,ʵҪ
£ŮӻǱһ񡣡
ӮҲֻ
Сū⺢ȷʵѰ·Ѿöϵˡ
ͽ츳
˰౨ӮҲ,ȥСūɳϵʲô
ɳϾڶ߾ս֣СūԼݣͽ˱Χмӡ
ӮóԾտ౨ͷһǹӵ,ϲ͵ûг֮ĵڶ˿
Сū֪Ҫˣ
⺢ӻ治İ
Сūе棬ССһ˶վڵϰ,üͷšɸд俤Сĳٳûѡһ㡣
ԥƬ̣ǷŻԭ
ŤͷӮվں棬۾һüͷҲչſһ˽Ӯ
ӮֽоѾռ˵ʵô뵽Ҫȴģ
Сū˫§סĲӣŤͷ¿ɳ̣Сһ¡

СūֱۣʾԼŻصϡ
Ӯ
Լ̶̵ָǿϱȻղĴ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
˼Ӱ˽ͳһԱȳ
俤ĶΪǣסսǿղصĽȡʱ䡣
Щǹڱ߾Ĵսƻ⴫ŸӮ
ؿСū죬Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
СūͷɻôͻȻͲˡ
عСūԴϣѳζҼôʿһ⺢ӣҲֻǱһ䣺ڼҵʱǴһЩʲô֪ôˣţţ׵洫
Сū޹Ĵ۾
û£Ŭúӡ
౨˵Ӻͱһ嶼ѾδþͿӮ˼ˡ
мһֱӮĸ౨ٽϸʡ
ֻץӺͱһ壬ûϣ
ǴӶ߾ģǱߵ˽⣬ϸϸ˼һ飬ȷ޾˵ϡ
ڽ˽˸׳ҲûзϣԭϵլۡѾȥ¥գİԭסҪӵıһ壬İԭѱţլۡ໹δüתƵĻ࣬ڽ١
ӵʿأӮĵ¡
ҡͷδ֣׾ˣս
ӮȥǶ˼
·ʿҲˣ
֧ЩضоͻȻʧˣǵϱǾͶ˳
úߵĿԸһЩ
ͷۡ
Լ˻¬ȸ̨ǱݳȾϢ𣿡
ϣûС
³ظɷֿ֮ݳȾϢأҲϵǴǰδй¼˲²ݳȾѾС
ǰʱ差еı϶ݳȾйأѹȥ֮Ҳ͸ʧˡ
ӮѲģСƺţƢкһˣҲ֪ģҪ汻ץˣ³֪
ݳȾûѣŹģοץҲһˡ
ˣҪҵ
.
Ӯȥ˱
֮ǰϼһܷɵĻ޳ִķɻͼֽԼŴһֽľԧĻģ͡
ľԧ³෢ģǼܣþƷ˷ն׹䣬ĻԭִͣɻĲοֵҪ󣬱Ͼɻ㲿ʱǲʵֵġ
ͱʦǿͼֽȼ˽Ԫͷо˼£˵üĿ˵ˣֻ࣬һֱûÿչȥ
ڱʵ鳡أӮһֻŴġ񡯡
ǳ£οԼ˵ûϵûϵܷɾС
ֻޱȵġȷʵܷɣһ˷ٶʮ¥ôߣǴ󳬳ԤڣΪֻؼ׸ߡ
СԱдд¼ֻڷйЩȱ㣬ȫǶֻ񡯵⣬ϾҪ̫ˣʲôó󣿼ֱҪ̫ÿ
ϾΣڴʣܷôߣ
ǳãǳ˵㡣
ھôһֻ˶ĺܡ
ӮҲ⴫ţ˶ԷϢֻսʲôþͲܾˣҪİš
öǰ仹棬ڶˣҲʲôȽŵԶǾˡ
˵ݣ֮ǰһӪͣŵľҩġµȵȡ
ѹ־ҪչũҵѰֻ㣬껹רſҩ԰ֲҩȫȥ˱߾
⻹ӺԺһҽѧרҵĿǰΪֹѧһӺһѾȥ˱߾
˵Ǳ߶˱ƶǣԴ˿˱ǱŷҲɵ̬Сȴ漣ϵĹͷҲˡ
һֽɢҩھӪܴҽҲãʱʧȥ֪ҽߴ˿ڡ
ɢصҽ飬ƵҽкüũٲݡݸĿ֪ϴģũ˭ʱ˭
ֻҪ̾ͻǰЩ˱Ϊβʱ˿ڸȾѹҩϣʹˡ
ʼ俤ʱ˲ٶҩģҽ԰̶أҽֱҸ˻ҩû˵ġ
й䶼ûӮ߾ľӸŲ˼죬ݡҩġҪǮ
ôӴĿ֧¶Ҫ
.
ӱӮˮûһڣ¾ˡ
׳Ϊʷȫֲ֪٣źźԾҲûʲôãѾûӮȤϢˡ
Ѿˡ
ӮµĻԾϾ˵ȫ̡
ɫƽһڲ衣
ô˵ԾҲһø滹Ҫģɸȥ˵һʬδԼںšһӦҲûˣҸط˰ɡ
ҲʲôҪ£˵͹ˡ
һΪġ
ϣȷҪ𣿡
ΪӮֻǿЦ
-----------------------
л˵ɴ밵ңÿֻҪ·խĵطͿʼӴȻײң﹡Ͱײȥˣ밵ң


108 
Էַûй,¹ش²ò
еĳԱһеⳡսʤ,ֻҪԼռһ,һռסԵ,ضɻڴ
ҲƾλþԼ壬ܷһеҲҪˡ
Ӻ,г쾺ͺ俤
֪ԼӺҪȶ󷽣ȻǾϿŻίΣҲҪ俤Ͱһ˹ȥ
·Ҳһ˲ˡ
ҪͲܹ⿿СƶǼ˵ƶ̶ҲƾԼڳվȽŸģЩСԼһҵõĻᣬϱҵģʲôҪ
ϺҲڼѡʵСɮ,Ҳ
ӺԺӺҲҪȥǰǷӮ˵һ仰̸ֽվǳ
ЩѧһҪȥǰۿôģĲʵսǷ,ǲľ˵۾ۣʵܴ
ӺȥǰΪϢ,ǵӪġ
ϢѾˣСѴ飬սǰǡ
еİվۼڽϸߺҪ,ͳһ¡
.
ͳһ£ںţӮͦȡ
˭ôģΪû˽̵ϰܶ
֣봹ڣˡ
Ӯü̵ģ
ǡ
ӮĵͷɵĲ
¶ֵԽԽãҪľͷܰѳ
µлϿޡ
˭ҲܸͷҲУԶˡ
.
׵Ķͳ
ӮСūӺ·˰æչˣСūϡ
Ҳ᲻ýӶ£һˡ
⺢ӵĶʰ󳵣Լķ٣ͷЩʡʡΨһٵӦþǹĳˡ
磬ڳǽȵסְԿ׼
ʾ󼪣ٴ񣬱ϻڹǳǵĻҪǵء
бʤ
ӮҲ˵Ƿ⽨ˣֻҪùİžŰɡ
СūڶγԶţ쳣˷ܣԼСܵǰ档
ƥСĲԭĺҲѱӮһƥ˳ģ˵Ҫң˵СūѱˣҲѳɴ
ȻܳϹϵڽ¶Ҳ⡣
ʵ֤СūѱƥҵСԣСԾСˣҲιʳ϶ֻԶԶȥǰź
˭ƨɺ͵ϮС̧ߣܽ˵عǶˡ
СūСǰͷ񱼣űȫ
ЩӮΪŵˣǼʵɿģҲмԼģ䶼ʮ꣬ȮֺͱĻ֣ͬҪߴ׳۰⣬һܽĥ̾ٹͷó䡣
Խ˼ԽѲ£Ӯĵᡣ
̽ͷŮӻɣ˴ˣϸĥȣϺۡ
ﲻģһȦ˶Ҫϵڲۡ
ĶڻѩѾĹٵϣ·߶ǲãĻɽֱ˺Щ½½һЩɫ
ȻҲѩԶûǰ㺮䣬ѩ֮ҲܼɰصĲ̡
ռ˵ƲŻ˸ģ٣ɺֲũ١
⼸ӮҲǽʾ֭ýũҵǰһ󲽣ضԶŬȡδÿһضܷ
Ӻһ·ҲΪ˶սҶǨİգϼҴڣͷ*
ЩռҲûк£Ӯ˸ǷʱǶźöӡ
ǳȽ俤ǸʳǺ޳޵
Ҽл˺ҪѲǨ˭Ըطݡǰɱ治Ƕʲôߵľվңֱһˣ˻ɶ񣬾һҪǰ˸ϳȥ
·߳ͷ߹˲˼
·ϻЩԵѾ൱ˣЩսң˶ڶǷǳ˵ˡ
ıҲӮܷŭһ𣬽ڶ˺˷֡
˽ӹûóԣС
С̻ʵģ˭ﶼζЩ˻ɺ޵ĳǾͺ޵
һӶĲеأȥҼһճҲãĹ˸꣬Ҳܳ⣬˭뵽һӾûˡ
ӱˣʳҲóˣ˵ͷ̼䱻ԭΣǶ俤䵽
֪˰̣Ǩİȥֺ俤ʧء
ڹ͸Щϣ鷵俤ǵļң룬㲻ᰡ
ӮЩİգ˫ֽȭǻһɶԳķŭ֮ײ
λģһһ̫ƽʢ
ûгƹ£ҡ
仰İնȦʵҵȱֵ֮ŵ
ÿһȨ߶ֻūۺͰǣδһΪ롣
̫ƽʢ붼롣
ӮͽһˣΪΪûλй
紵°ڣҲĻأΪѿҰΪ
ϣһжϣ
е¾һĻ޲ݡ
֮ǣĪ
СūҲԲСǰӮıӰֻΪߴͬΡĸɽ
ϵգģܱȵģҲҪһ
³İҲԽԽִ࣬俤ʱѾǴˡ
俤ЩջٵĴׯö޲ܹңܳŴů֡
սǲսֻء
Ӯ俤ʹ˹ӭӡ
ûдףֻżҳѣӵӢˬŭ
ȳȥСūߴԼСԿЩܡ
ף
һʱͳϣ귽飬࣬˴꣬Ǹѷʱƫƫָϸս
һǰ꣬СūĽ˽Ϳʼӣ§סĲӲſ
⽫ãͬһƥСԾʵڴԱߡ
СūԼľڳ׿гЩûУ
СūУСʪȫᡣ
űȻţˣҲˣŸһָͷ
İܸˡ
ţС׵ĵͷ
ͱ˵ֿ࣬Ц۽еģɿˡ
ӮѴڳվŵ
˵ʲô强أôˡ
ԶԶͶƣûݣɫòá
˲ڸǰǲģ˵һаã˭֪ûƭԼ֮ǰԹʱ¡
ŽСū
˵أ˫ڰ׷Ҳһ¾ˡ
ӮҲеȷʵûȸ͸¶ΪԼˡ
̫ˣԾˡĿתĶ⿴۵׶Ц⡣
棬ȸֻĿ֮²÷ֻӮһۡ
ߣͷˡ
Ȼسǡ
-----------------------
л˵Ŷʮˣǳгɾ͸У


109 
Ϊ˷ֹ̽ӻ,سǽ䱸ɭϣǶҪѲ顣
Ӯ·ϻвٰͶ,ҪͬеĴһ
ӮҲǺܶ,ûָ,ͿŰţĶʾͷֵĶȥ,ҪǻؼҲУֻ𹼸ϰյһǻѪ
жܿͽտӷ
Щװʲô߹ȥ߿˵ȱ֡
жʮʿÿǿǸ󹤳̨̣Ļһ첻ϨͷҲæ
ЩԸ⣬ݶ⣬ͿɷֵȥæصȵȶҪ֡
ӮҲá
еǰҲûʱ÷ȡ
ӮǽԼǰϸϸ˸,۵һЩ
Ӻòһûˣݵֻаƴ
££ҲϸһȦ,ǲԼûкúóԹ
üͷԼϱȻ֪Ҫһѣ˵ЩģȲڼ
Ӯֺγ֪,ǰƴʱҲǹ˲ϳԷ
·ԼϵûʲôоǼԼİݿ࣬˾ͻ,Լ㣬ܸһȵļңҪ汼̣ԴӣһиʧԼܲܵס
ˣҲɿЩЪ
š
Цͣһܿͷſˡڳ
װʲôҿŹֳġΧת涼ܷ
Ӯʹһףо
ʵ׺ˣֻܲȶ΢һ¶ᱬը̫ΣˣͷûըţȰԼ˸ը졣
һֱûͶʹãĽŰЩ֮ǰһȫˡ
һŵϣָС˼͵ûοӳȥͻᱬը
׾ֻж쵰ô󣬶ԱʱЩصɱԼǿɾ
һֱ߾ûдǼɵС̹˺Ȼڣ˵ǲһҲȫܱȣҲġ
Ϻз⾪ôСûߣαըأ
ԾԾԣȲҪ֪׵
Ӯ˼Ҹԣĳһֱô
Գƣһֱȫڳмӹ̳ǽѵϢһ٣ܳԱůʼձֳ͸߰Ķ־ּڹصսĳ
۳ʧسǣӾֻʱפҰ⣬ճƿڴҲ޼ƿʩ
Ǹ޵׶ȥݶҪ漱差ЩһֱھʧصĹҪٻأ޲ȽЩʺɱˡ
ˣиҲˣ㿴ܲõϡס˴档
ԺһͲڸĴһͲƿ¶ȫòǱǼܳʵĻ
ĶҲ٣ϵ˫֪Ǹõġ
ΧŻתȦĿʣܷɵĻޣ
ô˵ͨ׶ӮҲϿˡ
Ļ޶ޣûзݣ俤սմֱʵĿըѾʮͷޣһ㹻ó۵ʧ
ڳΪûзݻޣ͵λشˣӮϣԷԶҪеġ
뵽Ҫܻ
Ȼ죬Ǿ˴һȥɵӪϿվͽͶȥ
ҲҪų󳵣ɱҲǿ޴ܻС̹˵ǣԶǶ׼ҲǻĿǡ
ӮһʼΪԼմմϲһ㶼ұǿԶ
俤ս⼰ʱϵɱΪʮԮȫִ俤ѻûˡ
ƴƣΪ˱սסأٽ俤
ļƵññյмζʶˣԽԽµֱͣһͷɱԾԵޣѪζˡ
ӮҲͦĳ󳵣ڻ׼֮ǰǧ£ǷҪǷɵӪϿףÿǾͷɹȥÿͼʱͷӲӲʵҪűʲôҪ
СūӮܵĴǶǴѧȥģҲֻû¾ͰЩҵߡ
ͨʿٿػ֮ǰڱѵġԱо顣
ӮҲ֪Լµеʿ治뿴Լȥ
Ҳϵģ̽Ҫ򲻵ѾͲҪ·ĳ
Ϻͷ˷ģҶһ񡣡
µģȫΪϡ
ҲԸ⿴κ˶ϧϵı
ʮҲʹÿξƬѪȾսܡ
ĿûӸߴ·𣬾̾һһ
ʿǶͷ¶Ľ飬ҪԼҲȥһȦͺˣ簡
ϿôĻޣûذɣ
ҪУͷɹˡ
˵׻Ǹ
ǧô˵մ󽫾ѵˣĪҪС
ԶԶԣĪҪС
ʿڵۣڴŻ̽Ӫ
ӮΪƵԶվڳǽϿѾӪĻԼôССһͲӾȻܿôԶ
ӮһȦʣôûׯ榣
Զǽüͷһ£˵ݳȾһֱûϢ¶ϵׯ榾Լȥ差ݳȾ䣬ڱ߾ܵķߣѻȥӦֳȥ·ˡ
ھһܵͰȸ̨뾡취Ҳǻ첻ȥˣɶ㱩¶ݣЩóץˣҺܵĿ졣
ûϢϢӮִϱĳǽԶӪķ򣬡ҶҲ˽ҵһ£ʧһˣ϶ѾץˣڶûҵŶˣڹʱŷլۡȥ¥գͽͻȻ֪٣һͶ˳
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ҩضأΨ֪
һ֧ͽͶ˳ԳĽǶݳȾ쳣вһ֣ݳȾ˵ʲô³
¶Ӯ˵˵ֵݳȾƻˣóʧȥһѣʹ䵽УܷŹҾѾ
һʼǲ̫ϲݳȾ־ʵڿദ˶ҲЩ飬ӮһֱݳȾǰԴݳȾĳ£Ӯ϶ܲˡ
ӮԺȥڹǳǣݳȾͭĻ棬΢΢ۡ
Сƺ뿪ǰһϾ͵͵Ĳػǣʱ˼ϣûж룬Ϊԣ˸һЩ
ڿһжмѭ
ؿڣ˿˿Ƶۣҡͷᣬɱ϶Ϣ֪ҴݳȾͬݳȾһһͲܡ
վΪס磬ɫף֪ﲻܡ
˵ʲôͽͣҪľǾݳȾ䡣
һ§סԴ˵֪ΪʲôҪ𣿳Ӱڵı춼ķͷҪǱҸǹȥˣ϶סˡֻҪ뿪差ǶţǾлɵݳȾϣ϶һ֧ͽһԸˣսپ
ⳡϾҲὫĸɣԸ⿴־档
ǿôǾҲȥ
۾һа취Ը
̸ϰ취Ƹ۰ˣкܴաҲֻɰա
˼Ƭ̣ȥҲǳսǺĲɱȷʵǸ⣬зղ£ʲôûأ̵ķո󡣡
-----------------------
л˵ǧû㵽ǣҵĽɫݳȾСƺҲ൱[èצ]


110 
ƻʱ,Ӫ춯صıը
ӮϤף
ڵĴ̽ս״̬Ҳٵϳͷ
͵ϮɹˣǱˣ
Ӯܽ,Զ
˺óһſӵӪ򷵻,ʻԱȫ䡣
Ϲȥ,żʵΣ
һĨͷϵĺȣ涼ˡ
˶Ҳ,˵ӪϢ
һ֧¾ִӪԼˣźڼףŲ̫ĳ
ڼױ
Ӯ뵽ټǰڰ·ڼױķһֱΪԾɵġ
ڿԩԾ˵ԾкҪڰ·ϵӣ
ʲôѾҪˣΪԾӶˣҪȫԸԸĵǳ
ʲô֣
ǻսһӪʣֻǾ̫Զ,Ҳδܿ˳࣬˷ǣ̧ͷ,ž͸˵ʲôòt̨ϵĹֳǵķǾ͵תɻˡ
ҪתͷطҪһȦʱ˶Լµ߶ŵĸо,ëˣһ̶ҵ󣬽ɻء
ɻó,£־޴ĻһƬ𻨡
֪ʱжΣҲǽЯȫͶȥ˲ŵ
ˣȥϢɡ
ϢӮüͷصס
ûСūӦܵˣ⺢ĺܡ
º˿ڲ裬Ų豭²˻᲻Ǵʧʿ
ӮҲ£ˡ
ȸ̨̽ϢûϣǾȷǴʿͶ˳
ֻ̾ڶ俤ʮԶʱֲͨŸ룬һҲҪѲʱ䣬Գٳٲȷ
ҲٵϢȷˣϾͶ˳
ʿ۵׷еĸˡ
俤һսʣҲ࣬ǰʱʮʿѾسеĽ
սûͣ𣬽Ѿ鲻֧ԮµľƶԽ൱
ըըӮҧݵƸۣˮһսһҪӮ
ҲǶȫҵףõ/ҩˡ
ⳡս뾡ҲҪӮ
Ҳȼ˶־ŶĶ־ûϨ
²豭ӮᶨǻӮһӮ
˵ֽһһǷ·Ϊһ塣
.
Ӯȥ俤ʱ䡣
差ǣԷ
Ů棬ͣЪ˲žȥԡصǽʰɾ
ǲҿһֱͷ
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ֻס˫Ư۶ԲĽֺ͸۵ɫĲ£ţᴹ£ںǰΰΣӾķ·ġ
ϾǹСȣ׵˵۾
ŮٿҴջߡ
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ͷ׻ȥһĨΣյİɫ
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˯ĲȣﶼǴ
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żս֣ǹӮǲǻֺ³вӮ
汿ʲôæûϣڻӮôһ鷳
ӮĺݣҪǳҪӮ϶Ӧ
еģܴӦֵӮκζֻҪˣû취ȥǣӮˣԣ˾ˡ
λĶ䣬ͻȻһЦ
ôס
иŮѵã£ɢĺ£ʪ߳
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ⷬǿӲֶֺ̫ƽһʱ䣬ٸ¡
ݳȾǱ差ĶǰѻǱʵȻ˺֮綼
䣬߹Ҫ˵Ц
ӮϧնҪȥأǲȥ񲻹һƬġ

.
ͬ괺
.
سһֱӦսĽѮƾŹӲװϵɽˣ˳ʮݡ
Ҫͻ䣬ģⶼֹͣҪ׽ղɡ
ӮûܸȥСūڳС
˵¾£ִըĿ§ϵСū
Сū̧ͷ
ӮĲɣڵס
ף
Сūһ˾񣬴ҲҪˣܵǱץϻδеذ׾ͻ裬ʽģġ
̣ɱˣСǶɱ۵׺ݡ
ӮôһҲеЦã⺢ӾͶԴɱɱȤʱȥˣȥ
§СūԴ㳤˾Ϳȥˡ
СūͦͦظѾˡ
Ϊ֤Ŭڽš
һֻưͷͰȥӶˡ
-----------------------
л˵[ī]ÿɫиеĽ


111 
սƽ˼ʮ,ⳡʵ֡
֮ǰЩֶϳԹķŵģɵڶʿ,ѸھӪ,ׯİҲŲ,߻ңһʱĻ̡̻
Ҳ,ҹŻʪ͸ˡ
ӮְȣһζСҩ裬ûС
ҳԵζСҩܷңҲżˡ
ӮûôţΪµô£Ҳߣ˳Ⱥͽˮֽţׯ˺Щⶾҩ,ϺˣЩֶ壬ҩҶѾ˸ʿǷȥ,ٰܺˡ
ԣⳤһǻҾͺáǴׯİô죿
Ҳҩȥ,İɡˣôһȱȾˮˮ,µĴжصˮԴӦҲȾˡ
Ƕûˮˡüͷ
ӮΪƽüģڱｫ§Ҳвٲģ˵ء
Ѿȥ俤Ǳˮˣ鷳˵Ϊ˰ȫҲֻˡ
һΪ
ôҲ˵һǧ˰٣󲿷ֶƽԭɽҲֻغͱһЩԽԽͣζڳڣЩˮȥˣĻԼ
ðġ
￿ѹŭεİջ֪Լõˮжվô޹İա
£Ѳ
ӮҲģ˵Ϊǲںյﻹ·ߵҰݣֻҪƺǣʲôóʲôֶζá
վǵ͹ȨΪȹԼİȨжݶӡЩ˴ûнյˣЩʲôʲôǣɱɱһֻôס
Ҳأ˵¹л·
·ȻҲУһжҪİȨȹ̵ǰ¡
ģҲǳĹһһ룬ıѹӰݽҲġ
̤ؽͿ̿İջᱻɱ롣
οռκ³ιȵЩ֪ˣصİж*ڳɱ֮µģ俤յʱҲӶᡣ
Ӯû˼ᶨҪһ˵˵ĳֽƵЩҲ
Ҫ¹Ǳ˵ľа˺ͺӣҲᱻƴнİգôôˣЩô
ԣӮ
.
ЩСҩӪзȵʿܿͺˡ
ճý֮ʷˣնʧսߣС˵־˺ôһ죬˸ߺĻӮ⣬Ҫӭսڳеͷڹʲôġ
ӮⲻӮǴۡ
˫սΣձϰսֵŤתڳִǰָӣЩ̵
಻ð
ƫʱǲʹӮһţŷһֽûУֻһѾڲٳԵĻǡ
ԼǣӮ᲻ϵã֪ݳȾڳϣɵҪֶԸ
ûһ֣ȴݳȾǻͿѡˡ
ׯ榣ֱӵæᣬֻҪ
ׯ榿ŵǣ˲׹æ㲻˵Ҳģһ˰Ȼ
л
ׯ榰ܶæҲ֪ôлֻܵȵ̫ƽ죬ٸׯܶóԵˣҪս֣оȳݳȾ
.
ʱģΪڼʿսѸٻָ۷״̬Ѹͣƻسǡ
ܿ죬ͳƹǡ
ء
ĺɫѹŽը˶Ĥۡ
оϮϱպ꣬ͱһ֧䴩˺ʬ͵Ƕ
ĺɫµĺƽ߳سϯ
ڻԼн֮£ʽĻ
֮£
Ļ޳С̹˳С̹ƾλײӭĳһڣֱӽսը졣
ץ˫δһ֧ͲĶʷɹ
СûӦžͱ䴩ƮɵҶֱӴ׹䣬ڵأ鴤£ӿѪܿûϢ
ͷĳǹѴ̵ǰܰ㣬ƬǹͷмϣѪ
ĨϵѪŭ𼸺նǡ
³Թһ㣡
һ˫
ش볤ǹĶԿ۵Ļ𻨡
˫ǱҪɱԷĺݾڹУ˸˵ıԷж˳ȥֻܽⲫ
ռϷ磬ѹסֽţѲ統꣬Ͷɣȫʬ
ѪŢȳ쳣ڿ˼ȦմѪۣҲˣΨ˫۾ˡ
һŤĲ֪ʱͶһƬܱĵƬʮַյ󻮹ȥ
ճʹɿ֣һ⣬Ȼ͵ˡ
ѪֱѸ˺²ס
ѾɱǰĵƬǰ
Ͷͳ
ЦƾǣʲôΣ
⻹һţǲǰδ֪ˣ
ʹǹͳȴֻ
ս˲Ϣ䣬Ϊ֮ûԱֶΡ
ʲôʲôı
ڵϵץУյš
մͳ̵ĸƬסķѾƿˣƺһ㡣
ƿϸԿһƽɫɫȻ䡣
˿ף
˵еݹʱݶǶûҵλϡ
һ㶼ϳûսͽ˿ôԼϵġ
׼ʱšסյ󣬽̵γ̻ȥ̵ĲյţǴȡ
ۣ
ȥʹһ
תһȦ̵
ʹձˣһѽƿ
⵹أѸץϵĽ
ֺֿݣ˫۶ǳģݺһյĽŶڵϡ
㣡Ƴ׼ʱϣ׹һס
סͰεأվӹȥɿſԵ档
飡
ױը˲䣬һǿӲմԭؾߣûը顣
ء
ҪոĺŽٴ𣬳սѹѪȾĵ档
ս滹һװλĽӣζͽ׺鱦
ͫһս̵ձسǣ
᲻ɴݵĳŴﻺ򿪣Ѹٻ£ٴιϣгڳ⡣
ӮӰֻڳͷһܿʹӸڻسǵȺһۿ⡣
ǰһѽקеûУ
ղ濴ţĶһţ۵ĺܡ
̧ϵѪۣˣЦĳ
£ûɱգ½ţյУҧ޵ÿζһ㣬󡣡
ǧ꣬Ӯץµļ飬ȷû²΢ģҺ⸱˿ס
֮ǰⲻϴҪԷ⣬ҪӲ˴ˡ
ˣȥⷴץס첲һϳͷ
-----------------------
л˵һдξģĥ䵽Ҳûд꣬ξֻٸˣݳȾĽͶˣĶӦò䣬Լƪĵ߾Ѿ࿩һͿԡٺ[Ц]


112 
ڻͣ,ʿϵļƬײֹˣΨǶĽŵڷҡ졣
ĺɫ³ͷĻӳĿ꣬Ѫδ,֫ϱ۶ѻɽ,г,Ҳнģɫ֯,һֹѤ֮С
޴սڻУڳǰϮӰ֯͵Ľ⣬ڿȹк·ؽ棬֮Ŀ֮ġ
гսķͣҹľǰʿгɵķ,㶼ƶԭء

ͻȻЦĺñͽŵᵽ˼㣬ҹɳ,ȴҪӮ°ڵ˲ͱһ֮˻ء
Ӯǰ΢΢̧ƣĿ⽫սǰĳ
Сĳʹթ
Ӯ֣Ѿʹ˲ֶ,ٴҪԼ
ֻҪСūȫν˽еݷǹ

ĬŲԸӦ֪,һᱣԼġ
ŹԣȥקԼ
ⲻǺ⣬һֳУܽӮǰ浱ӡ
Ӯ֣ʱӣׯ榾ڸ˲ҡ
̫ãκ˶ϣս
Ų鲻Ը˵棬ȴҲʱ̾ţڰ۾
Ӯǰһгĸһаá
Ҳ˼УƬļͷ⣬ĵü絶
͸ҹķɳ䵽˳¡
һЦ̧֣̤ѪŢߵľȻƶ
ϵĽҲ͵س鵶ײ羪֣Ͳתݺûڳͷ᲻֪ӳһűը޴ףǾͷԹʮּɵ
ͻȻǰľͣϸߺ´һ
һ䣬սĻӾͱ̧ߴͬʢǰԶ򿪣¶Ƶӡ
һۣͺװҲʮֻڻ£׺ıʯԣҲ˿˱ڽˡ
Ƶĳȹ۰ͷ޶飬֬òɣǽ˿˾ŲˣҪΪ֮㵹
ֻ̧ͷͷ۵ʢŻɫʧȥɵİݣԼӮ鷳ʹࡣ
ݳȾֵһɲǣӮ͵سڳͷǿսʯתϡ
Ҳǰüͷһ
ս֮ǰׯǱӪͼȳݳȾһֱûҵ
ʱӮѾ̫۵¡
//㱻޴ū·ݹᾹʩսܺѺ塭ЩˣҲΪԼѾľˡ
ɿݳȾס˫ĽܵҪͣ͡
Ӻʱû¾͸ƨɺҪóԵСƺΪ˵С¸ֱŤѵܵȥϹȾƣҪô͵ԡ
ǾǸδ˵СƺֻǴǰûõĽһ㣬⺢ӱǲģͺˡ
£Ӯ֪ôԼķŭ
еݷǹھͿǹɱ˳
ͳˣЦⰡ
ͷŭͬҰްӮǻײ
⼰ʱס侲㣬ڲǶֵʱ
ӮķŭԼҲܷŭ
ȻսթݳȾȸ͵ǰսܱѺҪˡ
Ȯֿʱͱȹʿ彫Ůڻﵱ͹ȥֱգⶼǷǳ̤֮ϵľٴ룬ԹʱԾ赽ϡ
ݳȾҪľɣ֪βɱġ
ЩŭնǵӮҧأİѹסŭ
֣ʾԼѾûˡ
ռƻС
֪ݳȾϣʲôǳ˵ɣ˷ʱˡ
ˬ죡䣬سع
ЩϣӮԭΪ俤ֻҪأ
ףȻʲô¾Ҫʲôɣ
ĽһݳȾ˵ǰþҪģ
ԼֵӮغظ֮ǰϳ
ץסˣݺݶų
ɫȻ䣬ңͷΡ
Ӯû֨˵ͷŸߺֻ¹´ӦҲûá
׼õĻͻȻڳϷͶף˲ͽը
еİֲܾһյıǲװЩϵ
һֱǱڰׯ榳׼ᣬֱݳȾĽȥ
ɫһ壬ֻ䣬վķͬׯ榡
ֲ֪һˣǰׯ榲һ
֮ͬϤׯһ¾Ͳ³˶Էݣͽڵϡ
ԷвУʱˣ
ׯ榼ٺˣߣҲǺþˣ
ڽǰϲƲжǱҪׯȥġ
ݳȾżҪ˺ԼϵӣƴҪȥ
սҲɱ춼Ѫȡ׼˳ͷ
ݡ
Ӯ
ӮҲûվǶӵȤͶ㵽ȥˡ
ѳӭս̼ɱǰͭΪ彣
һͬʱеڷ飬޴ͬʱˡ
վЩȵüҲðա
ǰһսѹһѪۣ鷢ճӢϣҹĻͬǳϸġǵ˫
ǸݳȾȻͬ
һĨͣͻȻЦѹֵ᲻ɱ㣬ŻҲҪŪȥ
˭˲֪ڹ˭ء
ֲ๡ὣɱһֱһǹѹס
ղǹˡ
ⲻǳĶ֣ׯ榴˶֮Ѹ߿ţذҪݳȾϵӣҲ֪ʲôʣϡ
ݳȾҲżԹϽԾȣҲУҪ˫ˡ
ǹǹ׹ȥ
ׯ榽ӹͶӾ£ҺҲѧǹãҲãھϺȡ
Ҳþӵ
ɣݳȾ̾ȱңԼУȥ⣬ǳĶ֣ɱģ£ȥ
ׯ榲һѱҵǾ㡣
ݳȾιҩʹϾǸǸﻹѾ
ׯѾɹһ⣬ýƷ磬ȴǱ𵽣ЩŲס
˼ͱһ˫§סӮɵ䡣
ߡ
ƻûⲽӮóڳ¡
ˣʲô
Ҳ㱻۸ߣԸ
ӮûǹҲʿԸˣǱ߱Ҫ
㲻Ķ֡
Ҳƴ֪Լˮƽ
ҧҧҸһ𣡡
Ϊׯ⣬ЩֶζʹȻսֻ֪϶ǲˡ
˵ѾɱǰʽȻɣվƲ·ˣ˶Ƕ֡
ûݳȾȥӮӦҲˣԶׯ榴ݳȾΪǳջתȥˡ
һ·磬һеѶˡ
ۼׯݳȾȽ˴ߡ
ׯ榽·Ӯм䣬һʱ
ݳȾڻЦɫȴ䣬ǽվͱǹµˣҲҪڳ
ɱһƬը˵Ķ䶼Ҫըˡ
еżΪ˻ҩըȥһ㣬ŵĻҩҲᱬըʱ˭Ҳ߲ˣҲӮԭ
ָΡ
ΣмĺһǶǹµĶ֣ʱʲôãѲǻԮ޷ǾҪ²
޳ܡ
Ҫ˵޳ܣӦǽ׵ѽôƯ͵ģҪȥס
ݳȾıţ̧ͷĿ۶Ӯֻ֪ҪԼڳӮͻ˼ɡ
۽˕ȳ彣Ҳ˲¡
˲þ
ΪҪɱԼ㣬ݳȾ⣬źͭĲู̽ȥͳһͱ
ۣ
˭ûϵԼûϵݳȾַʽơ
ûԼѾ˵ǰܣֻǲ⣬ͷŻѾѪȾȹˣɻ󣺡ô
һֱҶݳȾ
ݳȾһ𣬱ͱĸѪ֪ʹ
ݳȾûش𣬴ȥһ̶ڿӮ۽ӿŴŵᣬѪܿʳһƬ
綼ֹˡ
ӮĶ죬ǰһС
ׯ榵ָմ½ǣҪ͵Ϯɹ˵ģݳȾǰ
䣡
ҩըˣڰΧȦ
ع񣬴󺰣ׯ榣˳죡
קӮܡ
ׯһ̹ݳȾݳȾﴹͷƤԽԽأҪ֧Ųסˡ
ûۿҲĿ
ڻ
սǰĺѤϼѪĽȾĸӹ졣
Цֺ񿴵һײײӰȥ£žĻ⡣
Щ潻֯˺񾭣ʹࡣ
.
ͬģشܳʮس£Ѿǳһˡ
䲻
ƹռϵĴƬ差Ĺ伱³صһ·ɱĽ
벻Уսܱ
ԶڷصĳȴһϷأͶԱ
ǹֵĿܣû⣬ڵĳ¶ҳһࡣ
ܸýĶ˱˰ɱլ֮ۡУټլۡһҹ֮ΪҲһ⡣
ҲסѹͶ֮ջǽӮˡ
ʿ岻ԸͶĶЯҲ
.
붬Ӻҹ˺ܴѩ
ӮŻѩ·˺԰͹÷
Ů˵СūˣŮġ
ŮأûҵǸСʸ÷԰ˡ
Žͷҡ
ƽʱûʲôⶼæĶʱ÷
ͷסˣԶԶŵһҩĿζ
˰Сׯ榶С¯Ӽҩ
ôܵˣ
-----------------------
л˵ݳȾû[ʮ]


113 
Сū˽
Ӯסƨɽȱ,Сͷϰ֣ܡ
˼ҵĺ,ȱ˼ҵĻҪ,ʱͿʼ,ܼǵסɾǲϺúѧ,ڿˣдһ
ǾûʲôСдʱ12345д
̾ˣҪеġ
ⷽСūϰ֣Ӿ淴ϣͳⲻעܳȥˡ
СūſѴЦ,ȵ
ӮҲ֪ǵСžţȥУǹ
Сūͷ絷⣬ţ
̴ȥУ,˻ˣ컹ȥ׾ǲá
̾ƣǰСŵ,Ƕ̡
ЩãҲ̺ܳСūҲϤ,˾ûôˣЩ·˴һΣЩһζû
Ӯ˵Сƨɣ첻аѩ㿴涼ǻѩٴȥòãؾڼңһըԡ
ڶˣ붬֮ҼһڵؽѶʹײˣһ죬˿ڼ򵥵˼ҹ˶Ҳи࣬붼¡
Сūըϲպެѽ
ڽܶϹ߲˶֣Ҳʲôĺ԰֡
һ˵ըСū۾˵ĺãҪԺܶ࣡
УԺܶ࣬ԵСǶԲĹĵġӮСӡ
Сū¸Цɿˡ
¯Ӽҩׯ榿һ΢ЦӮ˸
æ˵Ҳзݡ
õظׯ榾ͲЦˣתС¯̿
¯ϵҩڹཹðԺӶҩĿɬζ
ڵģܴŷȥ
ӮͰСūԼԼƿŽȥֽŹؽ
ŵůͣϵԲϸƿһ֧÷
ͷĵûһᣵĺиӰǶ˲һ½¶Ьջȥ±Ƶġ
£ִԼһ裬ȻƳ˵ˣˣɣֲ㣬ôʲôǰͦ͵ģ˵һܱĵݶȥҳôˡ
᣺ԥ²ĥĥ߳ݳȾĸ
ͷŲӮԱߣ˫ֲĽ½ǣµĺӡ
ͬھׯҽ˵ðһĻվ
˵ĺأζͦڴ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȭ֮Ҳǰ붬轵Ͳˣ⼸춼ûܳţղźЩ
Ӯ˲裬¿˱顣
ݳնȥˣ·ҲյģƵġ
˲θڣ
ݳȾŲڣСһͷ
Ӯһ˵
ݳȾ嶶£ίֺ£ҵˡ
ûпӮֻׯ
´ơǶӮû
֪ӮˣҲǰǰգʶȤİᵽƽӮᾭԺסţƵĲз
̲סίһӮͿƲסޡ
Ӯĵû㳤ˣҲԼˣԺȥġʲôȥɣٸ˵ˣҹܲ㡣
ݳȾˣ̧޻˵㲻Ҫˣ
Ӯվˡ
̧ߡ
ݳȾ׷ʧǵվס촽ʣ𣿡
ӮŵĶ˶٣ˡ
ʹݳȾѹֵĿ
Ӯվǲģͷ
Сƺڵϣ˫ֱסԼԴȼ䣬ԽԽ˺ѷΡ
جνˣʹһڵõй
Ӯ̾һתȥ޳˵Сƺ
Сƺ˲ᣬοѾ͸͸ˣԺ˭۸ˡ
ءݳȾץסŵ˽ʹ޲ֹ
Ӯ̧֣Ƿŵ״˰һжȥˣԺ󶼲ٵˡ
ݳȾ޵رףһŪӮ½Ӯ·Ĩʹ
ӮһΣ·ģҲŴء
ݳȾůֺܿɿʲôˡ
ο˺һӮſԼ˺ˣˣ鶼ȥˣҲˣԺٸţҾ㶪ȥҲؼңû
ݳȾҭŴӦˡ
ŶԣˣӮ˿ɾӶݳɫ԰ףҲζ岻ȴǰˣҪú캮ضıܣٶ˻ͷԡ
ޡݳȾ˵ġ
ȻȥúЪţŴ硣
š
ʲôóӸȱʲô͸˵ŪҺŰһ
ʱ˽ֹ˵ݳȾϾҪϳȥˡ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣСƺ⸱СϱǻֵģⶼȤҲ˵塣
ûȥ񣬾û
ҪˣݳȾקס䣬Ͱͣߡ
û㣬*ġˣشЪȥ
ݳȾԹԻش˲ſţׯ榰Ѽõҩ˽
ȹˣʣ¡
ׯһֱԹݳȾϣҩҲҲϺúúȣ֪Сƺʲô
СūصɽӣݵǣֱѹСūջû
Сūһ̾Ťͷܡ
ܵĹһ¾ͱ⾾ס죬ȥһ
ۼܲ͸ıԣʼȣס
ʹգ۾˿˹ۣ𱸡
ⲻףڷӲϺúöϰ֮ΪɵķӶ˦ˣֱԽ̲ŮӣӮ
ĸﶼûã첻ʮƪ־ͲšˣൽãԼڱ϶дһ̶͵
СūӮͶȥһȵھֻܾԼˡ
ȡӮյźţȭŴһӱϵн𣿡
Ͻ翹ʱӱϻûۡ
˼ϵļƻݻ
һǺھӳ;棬մҲҪݺЩҲҪʱ׼
˵£Ҳû˼ץСūˣ˵Щʱƶ纻ʱһ֡
ʵ򲻴ȫ˼Ӯڳֱ֪ͨ䡣
ȻǲɲΣֻ̲¾ͳһˣʱӮµ¹
ڵ̬ȣҲķַƣͳһ֮ͳ׳ΪʷƬϾֻнһȨ
˭Ҳǲˡ
ƶҪˣǳԻ˶֡
ð̶Ҳһйɡ
Уģ˭ͽ˭
ݳȾԲԣǰԻһ䡣
պãҲ˳ţҪˡ
ׯ˵ѾõĲˣҪǽһɣҲȥ㽫ϳȥׯ˵ҹһ͵͵ޣֿģҲȥˣͱٸˡ
֮ǰҲȰȰţɿӮȰˡ
Ӯ˵ѾˣղȥСūҲԼŪ½󣬡㿴޵ģһ顣ҲϰɣСƺӣҿԺˣʱˡ
ǸԶڻҲ¡
˵Żͽ˱ϵСū⺢ӳ׼ʱˡ
.
ڵĿ죬ûʱҪƵˣ۵Ļȹһյյ͸ǵơ
ŮǴźʵĺ£յ˵һİڿԲϡ
Ϊ˷ԻӮר˴һŻмиȥԲԷ̼ӼˣִĻӺ񣬱С¯ӷˡ
ɫĲ˰һĸҲտˣһһ벻
ӮЩĲȲһȥȻһЩġ
ˣ԰ôкһ㶼ûйļӡ
ǵһαڹԻнôҼвˣưеġ
Ӵ󣬲Ҳ࣬ÿζܾ׼еϲԵģﶼˡ
ˣ̫ˡСˡ
ƻ⣬ţóԣԵ㣬⡣
纼˶æųԣûעߣҲͷˡ
ݳȾҲˣӮֱ
պãܳܶҲܳԣҩġ
Ը裬ӽġӮﶪ˸衣
ݳȾͼҧһڱ֭֭ɽׯ榵ϡ

ׯ榵̧һĨԼģһûӰ졣
ش󣬳Է
Ժ󻹵ԷþΪġҲݳȾ˲ˡ
ݳȾͷᣬæͷµ͵˽ȥĿɬȫǶ
ԺмˣҲ˻ˡ
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л˵дĲޣٽһЩ¾ˡûн»⣬ߴ뿴˭ķⶼԣʱͶдݳȾߣпǹһƪĵģ˵˵ʱ˵


114 
ս֮ʱ,һͶȡԼ˻Ӯܾɱȫ,׷ѵĺڼױ,֧ͽµ
ͬʱ,Ҫ²Ҳķʽο֮ǰŰɱ俤ռս俤ʮ򶫾,Ҳǽһ
ڳĵ꣬ڱԽԽأңʿ屻/ɱҲϾ˼߾ս£ǲѹ/ңȴɱ۵ūҼսǰ
ˣӮʽͳһڴ괺ӺƵ,ʷƽ
֮ǰиĳŮϸ˵λʷϵһλŮʵۣӮΪġ
ٹȴͬ,ŮŮŮŮۣһ֮Ҳر˵ĳĽ֮һ,ͲܱȣܳƵۡ
ӮƵ֮󣬹,ȨҲŸͷ棬нΪʡơ
ʵ֮ǰ뷨֮ΣֻһֱսңܶϸھûλͳһˣͲһˡ
ʡΪʡʡʡ߾ֹȷ໥ǣƣԭĶȨ
ʡΪʡУΪʡ˷ֱǾߡ˼ִе߳١
˹١Ǻ΢ģһֱͲԸӮҷۣʡλʮȷ൱Ӯڳϵһ˫۾¶ܶš
ʡ֮¾µĹְˣֻ֮λѡʱȱ
Ϊƺ纶פر߹أǰΪƷ󽫾
Ӻ˾ֺͳ¸˾ֽΪƷ󽫾Ҫڷ͢سǾӵѵ¸ΪƷЭ󽫾񣬷ֱֹܲȡ
ⲢûڳеκְֻһͷΡۺ
˭֪һս·ȨоӣΪսʱͳ˧
һҲڳƵ۴֮ӮֱģΨһŮΪ̫Ůλ̫Ůλ
һ¾ͶסڿڣٹֶʡˣȴҲЩᵳɣʼСūȡΪĸףҲһɳ졣
СūС⣬˵İķвȤҲֻӮΪָļ׽
̫ŮڽС΢ⶼôΪͦĵģҲӮСū̫Сھ̫Ůʵס
.
ʹƵӮҲǺסɽӣ洺ůѵϴƷ衣
ųӣһöСɵַС
һü𣬡ͬȸ̨
ӮϱĿ񣬡ţŶǿ϶ͬ⣬Լɵǵ㹴ᱻȸ̨֣ͱǰͳڴ/ʱѾ˺üˡ
Կ˿ͽӶһߣ͵ǳȥ
ȸ̨ٹ٣ǴڰٹͷϵĽ䣬ݳȾӮĹֻҪȸ̨һգȸ̨Ӯһѵ
šæЩ죬ӮۣҪ˯ͻȻСūأ춼ûǲֳȥˡ
֪ԽԽܲסŮҲơ
˵¸صķСūʦãһ㶼ѧȥƨɾ͸˶ƵסУܣǴǹĿҰˡ
ӮҲҲǸ¶УСū⺢ȻЩӺܻ磬ʦڵĶܼסڻͨĵãֻСûԣֲϲϷǸԴӣŲԸϿΡ
ǾɣС鲻·ȥܱڼǿѧĶվޡڽⷽ
ҲЩΪ㼦ëƤС¾ͳͣˣΪӮǡ
Ӯţ˯
ͷıǼ⣬ԥβʣ벻ҪһӣҪһҪһĺӡ
ԼҲ˺ܾá
Ӯ˯˲ܹ⣬ǲ˸˵ʲôˣ
֮벻ĿԣͻȻ¡
Ҳû˭˵ԼģҪ𣿡صĺܺãĻﻹ¶һ˿˿
ƨӮˣľǰ㰴ϴһƨɡ
ⱻקȥ˶ֵظĲҪһׯ˵ԡ
ӮסĻ֣ҧгݣðԭׯô˵ģǲҪʲôϷҩҿɾ㣬ҪǸҶ˼Ҿ͡Ҿ͡
˵ݻֻܽ˽ס˵ĻҲҪûҲ׼˼룬СūǵŮԶı䣬ҲֻôһŮסûׯǸĻ
ſþö
µµֱӺ·϶ûׯ榵λãԷȨ
ӵСֻܳȥԣӺ֮סӮһǮûУûǮԲķ˼Ҳˡ
˽ǮҲû˽Ӯκ˸Ǯ
û취ˣݳȾȥ͵ݳȾΪ˸л֮ǰľ֮ʹӦˣ͵ξͱӸ浽ӮǰݳȾҲŰ˷
ûС⣬󻹶ʳݳȾίˣݿ˿ԼյǮӺʳžׯԼʧׯܵ䷹ȥˡ
£
˭˷Žģþ֪˿Ҫ鷳ϷǳλϷ˾Ҳ֪ʲôԭ
ׯ榱߿мȱ˵ռ̫ˣͷҰռ̸㡣
ȥһֻׯסԼңʲôС
ׯƾָԼųڷƱ
.
Сūѧ£Ӯھһ˼֮󣬾СūȥӺԺͬ˶࣬ĺĸײ㣬СūЩѧӴҲкô
Ҳͬġ
ӺԺһۺԺʮרҵѡʦʵѧģ廹гسǰȥΣһοζǳ
ȻѧĻӮĿΣֻȥһΣѧûȫǳԺʦҲӮ˵ЩǴδ֪ʶ
ǴӮѪȥϵĿΣĵ漰һЩȽµѧ㷨Ľζʼˢˢļǣ©˵ÿһ֡
ƻһѧԺ⵱Ժ۵ʿѧԱϵͳѧϰΪľ˲š
Сū̸£ģھѧԺ֮ӮΪԼתѧҪȥϾѧԺ
⺢ӡ
ӮˣֻЭ
.
ӺǾδ˿ѳ֮Ϊ֮ĵһǣʮַеĽҲȽ
Ѿ˵ִҵеӰӣӮҲһֱⷽ濿£֪Ψвϵķչýǿ
ӺʱʱϢҼǰͿʼֲֻҪӺţɸ봫鵽ֲȻֲͻŰӡˢҲʱ֪ЩϢˡ
һܱķ
ڷΪúģʽþǽĻոΪ˲գȻҲһ¾ʵ֣ĿǰΪֹҲֻͬʱʮˣԺɼʮϰˣٶҲԽԽ졣
ӮҲʯԴ֮Լ֮Ϊʱһĸı䣬ûгɹҲܸ¿ɲοϡ
¹ŵҪһ̫ƽʢˣгŵˣûսңܳԱůڶʵˡ
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