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1
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2
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صǰʱ½磬˴ʱѾûϢƺˡ
кԺҲ徻˴㲻Ϻõİ֮أҸҸطɡ
ʱʬԶһЩѰһ֡
ҿͦʣǰЩΪԼѡ֮ʱҲǹһƬ֡
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ʯҶԡ
һ߶꣬ʱ͵棬ضʱһӡ
ᣬҲȷʵ̫ŹۡʱѪʬ΢üһ´ɽһԼĵӷϡ
ʬãʱԼѳһصͷִԱһֳľĹ
½ֻһССġġ֡
أʱڸ½磬һƬ徻
Ѵ壬


3
֣ʱɽµȥҪǸӡ
ؾ׽׳ֻؾʼͽʱʱʱصԲȷÿؾʱ䲻һʱ²ʱ͹ؾʱҲ֪Ҫá
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½ǺһӣһԻ졣
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4
ʱִ˸Ƿ˯ѵӣ΢ãؿżˣһֱϰ
½ŭڵ߹ȥʱϣû˻ܵÿ죡
ʱ֪˵֮ǰڽܵ£޹Ҵ򲻹ֻڽѵ𣿡
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ߣ֪ͺá
꣬Ҫˡϴȵǰ
ô죡꾪ȣϵͷת˴ȥ
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ż͵ܳģؾ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳֻǵ;˵֪˺ʯϢ
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5
ҽλγƺˣĿȴȫʱһϣл̽
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6
ʿӿתۼֻʣǼڻĮع
ĿǰһжƳƵ˭ء
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7
籦󹲾ʮŲ㣬һʮףÿһѹһ֣İǰλҲŸչʮ㡣
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ʱﲻСϻӵķԱߵţոͬһȣ˭֪ôһĹΧôѣĺܻӭ֪鳤ºͣҲǽŮӵ

½һһţȶ°ĿƵؿŸȺʿ
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Ϣ֮ʿһ룬˭Ըͬʱ׺̽Сء
Ǹ˻ûߣеĶֶһѡ
½һɽóһƿƿ޹ޡ
꿴һۣʲô
½ǣԪɢٲ¶ӡ
ϺõҩʱܴΪһǧС㾹ȻֱӴһƿ
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͸ˮʹֱԼԵĹ
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齣вزţҲ飬֪Լϲʲôʲô
ֻһƺˣ㿴ҽΪǾΪҿŴȵһ۽˭ҲȲҡΪü۷Ծĺ֮ϣĺ֮вػһС
һ죬һһԽݣȥһǴ˵е֮ء
ʱվۿ轣ˣû˵׳־ơ
ԽֱЦ
ѩԽԽ𽥽ӰûҲ׽Լû
ʱתǰߣһˡ
ΪһܶɽٳɹģҪĶɽ𣿡
ʿɽٱΣգ׽֮ˣĶɽٵء
ʱüͷ΢ǰһأһڶ֮Ǳܶ
ӡвûôһˣʱǰ뿴˵ĳ࣬
򡣡Լ
ʱͫȻһ򣡣Ķɽٵز𣡣
ҲΪضɽ٣ɴ
ʱһ˲ӷ£֮вƾճ˴δ£ѩ棬һĻƻҲ棬İŮ˺˵ĻȻҲΪ档
ѵĶɽٵزضǰ
Ů˭ԼΪʲôô
һϮ֮аŵɫ
Լ
齣ᴩؿڣľʹʱЩֱιȥѪ͸˸պòǵķβԡ
̧ͷýˣǸŮˡ
߻صһЩİĻ
Ϊܸʶ㣡
ΪΨһѣ
ΪΪʲôҪôΪʲôҶϲ㡭
Ϊ㣡
Ϊȥɣ
ʱЩİ徻㹦һĪط
˭


8
Ů˵ϵسʱнıݣһܿѷ죬ʱİ徻
Ϊ㺦ˣ͸ȥᣡ
ܱ߹ιǵĺһԵӿĿǴ齣̳˿ڣʱɫʼָ࣬Ѿ÷ϡ
ɿ˵
ʱѹӣٿسǰӳһŮ˵ӰƮɢ˪ѩɵĽȴǰ
СĵҪȴĽ˻ĶʱһѪۣ˿ܱΪӰѪҺ˲ɱ
齣ڿ
ʱָˡ
ûǰͻȻһֻӣһͷԽ
ʱײģͬʱҲע⵽ϤıŵĽ
ʱΣյۡ
þһ˵ģôģ˵ǸոЩԼ徻Ůˡ
뵽ʱһӥצסĲӣһֻûԼĽ
߷ѩϣ˵˿һ
ͷʱЦЩ飺ңҾǿ
ΪʱΪԼǰƽϾôĽ
ôģʱ¼˼̧ۿ˿ܵһжûз仯˸ոǰ˪ˡ
Ц㲻ЮֵĽźη壬˼ģ˵ˣֻ뿴Ľ˭֪Ĳͱˡ
˵գʱӲתתӣѩãһûС
⴦壬ʱķͷֻһˣպűѩȻԵù¼Щ
ʱʲôãᵽߴĹ̨Ͽһѩҹµǿա
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ϥڶģµŮִӣüͷָһ㡣
ʱϵֻ񣬵ŮüĿǳǳͬѾ˵һޣһ·ԲɵǰĻһº̹ȻģΨ˿ѶԵɡ
ĵλ
ʱתȥֻһ㵭ҪϵѩڵһƺЦǶ΢Ʋġ
ˡŮаӣ̾˿ƳǴδѡ㡪
ϺڰպãЦŻصҳɲɡ
亱شһ˿ɻ󣺡ΪΣ
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ϾҲɡ
Ŷ
ӰȥһɲʱྱĽɫӡǣһ
գգֻۣӡشδ
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΢΢۾ȥڶϽĽ˿֡
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ѽ˿ȥĵ㣿Щɵʣǰ̽
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罫ǸйЮţ˿֡
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ʱ
Ľƺ̺ȴִ飬ֻȡ˲
ʵ˿ɼĵطþ뽣ñõ仹ǲ룿
ʱָŲĦţòŻĻ
ԸԼĽֲ֣֮뱦ɳҲڴźܲĶ
˳Ŀ⿴ԵĽУǡ
񡣡
ܲĺ񣿡
š
Ȼָ˺λãǱ㲻ֻʱû뵽ǺԻжҲΪ׼ġ
ʱؿǽã¶İ̾˿߰ɡ
Ͳߡ
һԿһľźʣΪģ
ƫƫ滹һ䣺Ϊ˲ƽ
ʱص
̧죬һֶֻ˰ڣԴǸúúã˵ˡ
ʱû˵
ǰΪβã׷뵽ΪʱΪƲǵ磬źת
ҪҪҿ԰㡣
ոտǵȻǿƣһӹγɵĽ粢ƿӦ⡣
ʱôĽ϶أȻˣпֶĵ
ءʱͷĿǽϣһ˲Ųɫǿڶģ˾ǿˡ
һ㶣û뵽ȻΪֵɷˣȻ뵽Ǹ֮Σ϶ɵһ䣺ͬģ˵Ĳô󡣡
òԶʱպôһ䡣



9
ôû֪鲻ͣؿϻӣ֪ǹȵĻ̫ɫʼɫ
ʱ粻ͨʱȥѾգԽԽʿŷѰ㼸Χˮйͨ
û˵Ǻ¡Ͽģ΢Щǵʣ¹û°ɣ
û£ֻǾɼˡ
ָ̧֪ǰóɫۿɼغת
ϾȵӾôá
ǲɽӣɽ⡭֪ͻȻֹס̧Сĵؿһϡ
תתƺ뵽ʲôȻЦ̧һڵĶ
֪΢üЩԼ˵©졣
ĽĿɨΧһƬʱ׼ᱦˣҧƫͷȥ½ǣ˿ԽԽˡ㲻þͿǼܴùô˰ɣ
ôˣò׺֮ܰ½ķȣ治ɫشӴＷһ仰
ûܣ
һ䣬ֵ͵ʵ㲻ŵ㣬ǺϻĶޱȣЩô֪ʲôôã
һȺС֮ˡ½һ̧˶ۡ
еＫأ½Ļǡ
ٿأһ糤ŤŴѪڴϷҪϻΧһû
·ͻȻΧʿûӦǴĸܹȥģһĵ׽Ҷһ£׷װ˽׼ڡ
½Ǻͽͬʱվǰ棬߱һǹһɢ½°һһɨǰνԼˣ󴽽ǹһĨ޵ЦλҪѽ׼̽ĺ
㹻Χڵʿ塣
Ҳʾ˵˴Ҳ׺ڣλӦò޴Ϊһ岻Ķͬʱ׺̽ɣ
ݸŸɶٶЩǣµӳСĽעԼоֹ׵ɣҲֻɢ޲Ż˼ء
һֻȦһЩɵӣʣµɢֳضżˡ
Ⱥ֮һЦؾ֮зʤ˭֪ôġ
̽Ͳ׺֮û֤ݣѵҪɱ𣿡
½ѹӿȥһƲ壬ֻ¶һ˫۾ɢϢ
ˡɢޡ
ɢ˵ҲʿߣϢ˻ѱ档
ʮˣ
½һźۼ˰벽뽭괫
ҲɫһĿһ˲ˡ
ؾ֮оȻʮˣ
һôǽмܳȥͻȻ׹է֣쳣
ֹǣΧһȺҲ׹ۣò̧ڵ
׹ɢȥԭȥʱһŶϽһСɾµĽУǷзı
Χôˣʱϲ޾ȡ
ʮ˳ֵ˸ΧһȦЦôˣʲôöֵô
ʱһнɫӡ
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ƲƲ죬΢΢յպ治Ҫ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪أ
ֱڽ˵ȻȻ˿ڿ˵ԼǽޣǾѼӲֻʲôԸԼǽޡ
ǽޣȴ׿ǽޣȴǽޣȴѾ˼Ҳϡ
˵ȥ˭Ű
ȵϢڶϣʱüë΢˶ԶһЩͬʱӲŤͷȥ
ԼһֶϽһֺҲЩͷۣתͷ˿½Ǻͽ궼֣ϡ
ӵŲ˽档
Ǿֻʣ֪ˡ
ɡ֡
֪һãȻЩ޴ңҲý
㲻ᣬһᣡ
ͻȻӰһ㴩Ⱥ֪ԣ̧־Ҫὣ
תֶ㿪ʶĶϽӳһ
亮֮Խ˲˪
γӦ죬ȴǱƣ߸첲ľᣬѪתͨýӲˡ
Щ졣
⽣ϤȺ֮૳
¶轵˵ʱܹ
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һڣ˵ĿⶼǰѶϽϣԭȿĶֻñǽУû̫עһƾɵĶϽ
һϽѱ𣬵˿˿Ƶ϶飬Ȼ佣
Ѿϳ˶ϽݣǶ佣
佣󣬸˵䣬ǶϽҲֵһЩͷѪ
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һûٿǵĽ׼ʲôˣֻǰ佣ƺѾԼֳķˡ
һĻþУʵһж
ĺЩ˲ŷӦԼѾܷĵ
ת֮䣬ֻʣǲʮˡ
½Ǻͽһ㶣һ۶ӶԷпɻ
ô£
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һأ˶ʱ˸ո˲ϢʧʱΪ½΢΢ͷȥԴЩͣû뵽㻹һ֡
󼫿鲼֮˶Էİգ߶ʱһһܳʱƤӵ²󣬻úϢ
Ů˶ƿȻҲ
ʱոշ߶ʱһĵɫ۵ס
ɫ
ӿʱ
Ҳġ
ôɰɡ
㡪
ʱȴһסȻ˵
ʱˣʣµ˶γΪףо֮ǰ˵ʮˡ
Щ˶ʮˡ
γǰһлתŶУһȦ׼ʱ
£᲻е£ɢƺƶеĿ겻ȥ
½ЦһŲ˲ӵڵǰҲҵǹ£
꾪ؿһۣ㲻ĵˣ
½ǣҪܣ
ĵģʮH
ЩʮԽⱣҶһЩŶ֣ССɺɢַ֣˵ˡ
Ҳˣÿһ׮ʮĶ£Ϊһ֣ΪһеԴʮڣҲ޿ܷչ죡
ϣѶùγһ£˲䶯
ЩΪڽڣ½Ǻͽһ˶ʮֳǱ˵ߡ
һҡӵ֪ǰ棬һֻԱ߶㡣
ŶϽʱգգ۾Ц˵Ҫұ𣿡
ʱϵЦһ˲ɻѵոûʶԼǸ
ٿһ϶һʱֱӱ˳ȥ
ӭγӹĶе

֪ˣѾʼˡ
е۲֣ʱ͵ڰжһ˫Ц۾
ƳȥͬʱҲ
һֻӽе˻ȥһǰϸһѾ
ʱվһЦӦҲͦ



10
λҵ飬̫ðɣγ΢Ц
ϹЦȴްЦ⣬Щݵɱ
ʱԼƵһߣ̧γͻȻڵȻˡ
γЦ˲ȥǰдŻɡ
ô֪ˣ
İǰΪһΣŮ˻üǵһĵɼǣټ齣ĽϺ˿ڴѪ⾭ǵ̺۾ҽȶ޲ߣһӲҳżˡ
һٺһЩԴҪһΪ¡
³ԼֻΪ֪ʱ
γüٿһŨڵɷӿһ˲ѹԱڴ򶷵½ǺͽؿһƣֽŶʮҲѹӦǻҪܡ
ץס϶ʮ˾նɱȻٻص֪ԡ
ʱ˼ѹ½ǲüǹǿվֱЩѪ˿ֲ̧ɾ
γĲʼ˱仯ԭ˲䲼壬üǵԳһſڵĵۣªİ̺ĺƣ鲼
֪˭ˡħɳƣЩϡ
޵ضʱָƲסس鶯·ץʲô
ʱؿ𡣡
һ˵Ӱʧԭأûڳļ˻ع񣬶ٿشһµʯذ嶼˼¡
ģֻ̧ɢǰĳ
ǰƼհ
ֻɳŮһ޳ݣϸ˺һŷһ·ҲǴĺɫ°ڴýŵļƬ꣬ͷ⣬Ʋ˿֡
ۿȿȡ
˵ƿȾƫƫͷԽʱļ򿴵˹ڵѪγǽ汻ҳһ󶴣ǿܿΡ
½ǰǹһΪء
˵գֲ֪ôŤغһתͷȥˡ
һԵĽ۾Żһ£ֻγһ۱ĿͶǵż˵ıӰϡ
ʮ˲λʱ
̫ǿ
ʱ½ҲֻԼĴƽʱŬԷɴûŶԷֻеĪ
תͷٿ½ǣƽ˿ڷâĴС˿Ҳ˼ţֱɼ͹Ҳָоɡ
γҼǵ㡣ʱ
ƽͲһ˵һ۵ĸоǹѵģ˫۾Ũī·Щ˿̽õ¡
ǵңǲǻҪΪǵҶж°γЦ³Ѫĭһֳŵһǽվֱ塣
ѶжʱɾֿȭѪۣӷ꣬ѪҺҲΪŭʼڽ
յܺ͵һޣǽһȫ޻֮γҲѹסڴӿħĵ׵ŭû
ʱƫͷԺ漸˵Զһ㡣
½ͬʱͷǰһ硣
ǰһչʣôˣ
ʱ
۾Ķܿγ׼Ա
ɵ𣿡ʱ̲ס
ѵЦõָ˴ļһûò
ʱ
γħʱħģٹһ˭ҲסⲻҪľٶ
ʱԱ֣ͬʱħı仯ҡ
һжһصĶݹȥн⿴ְʵıʱ׹ǰѽͬûС
ֵ˲ʱоһɿǧϸܵģ̲סɿ
仹ʶû֮ǰԷ⣬Էʱ˴ֱ˲Ż⡣
ڶδ⣬ôôʱġ
ʱŽָ΢ʹ˳ž˱۰ɵؿԱһۣЩ̽
Ŀ⣺ôˣ
ʱŴû¡
γڵħʱݲٷ¡
ɫĶεؽʱưУǧ˳ŽӶ۳ͣȫ˶ȱʧһǽ⡣
Ŀתؿţֻ֣θĿȫѪҺᡣ
̹ǵĽͬԼĺ
˼ǵһ룬ڵĺȻ紺ůһָоľַ괺
΢ԼĽֻ˪ҲأʱĲͬ˽䶼һ·еĽƽȴر
δĽѩ֮¾ܰת룬ӵɱ˶ᱦ
㿪Щ
һͺǴ˱һƷɵʮһڣŵɫһ֪˭ֱʡ
˳ķ̧̧ͷͷϷһķĽӡӡķģС
ҪǸγӲӲ𣿡㶣춼ϲϡ
½˫ֱȭǰ͸һɾǿ
ǣڵȶԷԱٽ㣬һ˲佫Է飬Ա֪
תͷûɹأ
Գй
֪Ļ˵ί񣬵ڳ˶֪ʿԱΪǿٱֹοħʿŷвħԲעᱻЩۻϢ롣
ʱʧһ˲Ļᣬ»ᵱ档
òĴСڶ˶ɬ۾ɳƵ˵Ƿˡ
˵ǹҪȥһԵס
Ҫʲô
ȥ
֪Աٽʲôʱ𣿡
Ǿţ
½ȻŭǷʲôһǷĵô飬ԼҪԼ
ȥġ֪һ䡣
½ǲĻǰߣմ־ͱ˻
˼Σˡ
ҲֻŲóȥûа㹥ʡ
̫ӡĽ磬ûǳȥġ֪鿴ŴСԾԾԵӼæֲһ䣺ǿƿ˵ʱ
½֣תͷɵؿģ
֪ͷģ
Сһǹڻ˵ţĵҵǸʲôٽ㣬Ʋ
˵ŻĿȴؿʱķе߬øЩ
һʱָγɫ˵ĵǣ侲úܡ
еĻ̌𣬽Ƶ紵ʱĶڷ
˲̫ӡµļ˶еȻ
ǿĽ
ͬʱп
һ˲һɼΪԵֱֱؽͬʱҲγԱ
ǰˡһĪڵ㡣
½Ƭ̣ͻȻ꣬ǽҵĶɽ
Ӱʯпƺ·һǧ˵ĳǵΪ̣˽⵽ǽѧɽżҽԣֻϧ겻Ƶֻʹɽ
ΪһСܲܵ˼Ҫ˼ҵĶѧɣû뵽ؾȻײˣ
½˸˷ܵĹ⣬һԵĽȴ
½ĪҪ˵˵ǽҿɲЩаħմϹϵ
ŷŭȻҲûѹ
һĺŲм
˿ȥֻʱǰվŸ毺õŮˣѪۻȥγ
걻Ů˵񶢵ЩëĪЩ亹
ʱδսһŮĵ
죬ԩ
ԷҲĶ΢Ľ⣺ĽȥֻԼ
ʱһһ
һ󣬱ؼ
Ůȴ˵ʮʱһҾҹܽܣǰϸӣЩ͵񡣡
˵֣Ǽ鼫õĲϣ䲻ȴҲʮѵá
ĽҪ


11
ĽҪ
Ů˵ĻĶȷʵʱݣ¾𽣵֡
á
Ů˽γߺʱûԥֽͬʱû̫ӡ
ĵĴʹղס̫ӡָȻ࣬ղ̬ǿӲЩδúô
Ƚ£ϵĵɫǰɢȥ
ƺܶų⣬ʮɡ
ɶδ
ʱһо۵ףĬĬ̫ӡ͵Ĳպá
˹
½ɫЩȻʱȷûʲô²ͷת˹ȥһǷģԺʲôµ̽£ҵ֣ǻᾡȫ㡣
ǣͻȻתͷ۾ǿһ㣡
ĵᣡ
ƺ˼ʲôϴһ²Żعرʱ񣺡лǰ໤
ո˶ǰҲЩģʱΪһʿеģһǰΪ
Ŷǰü۴ЦϲûнǱֳ𾴡
ʱǰһ˼֣΢ͷֻ˵ǰ֮ǲǸúúˡ
úġ˵ҧгݣʱգ۾۵Щ顣
ôģ
̨
͸ľˮӳһԲ£԰׸ݵָأָ֮˲һѪۡ
ʺѪ˳űˮһŮ˻֪±ߵһҡڵ֦ͷѪһ
ű߹ŸˣǲǰԱûɹγ
γſڵϣؽͷŵ档
γ
γĶǴһº޲ðͷƽڣ
˵̧ͷ
γδ̧ͷ۾ȴҿߵˡ
ֻ߸һڵĳ֮ǻۣѵһ˺ʿ֪Ҳ֪ˣֻѪɱ¾
ϸĦڶγزǵվˣһһߵǰ
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12
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13
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14
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ŴĶʮֿܣüҪɱɱ
һЦԭƫȥͷӲԼƵ첻òԼ

شֱӱۡ
ã㲻Ǿʦʦȥ
һ͵۾
Ҫ
˲ӿһһǰȱȴַ
Ȼ
ⲻĽҲֻѽ
ѸٷӦǰѲ֪Ľһ̴硣
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һءؾ죬ײʯڣʯ׷׵䣬͸ǵĽʯ֮С
ȵѪ˳ɽϣҲȾ˫ۣ˫ŽһϽ羱
вʯڷ̶ָȥ
ˤٲǰ͸ǰɺ쿴ϴžֺͷŭ鼫ΪŤ졣
һۡ
ɽˮڱǣǰ谵ʧȥʶ


15
ѷ࣬ذǰµķؿ뿪ķ
Բ֪ƣسײǲ᧿ΣϣǱħ˰ڰ۳һֻͬһСѪħ
Ѫħ˫ֱͷнǣ۰ģģֶģְ͸״߶ʱܿڷŨҺ塣
⡢ʲôھٵĵͷһμôɷޣ̬˲
ѪħǰצһһµץŽ磬̶ȡ
ûмȵؽ飬ǻĵĥӡ
Ѫħɺ˫͸¶Եζ
ס񣬱ţʦġذŵӽѾͬţĿᶨһʦһģ
ʦôµġ
δЩСӻԶͻȻһֻѪħٿط˷޴ԴʹײŽ϶
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Ѿȫ֮
ԭĳѾ촷ۣбĵӽԼĽϡ
ɼʹнϣЩӵҲ֧ŲסټĽ
һѰѽ飬ۿ󼴽顣
ذ߳亹ǵؿʦȥķ
ʦ㡭
ѪħԽңذŽܱͬΧн߬ŷֻһ̡
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ذվǰ棬Ѫħ˺Ŵ͡
ֻҪһ٣Ѫħһ
Ǻµãۿᣬ˫ȶڴ
һӦ顣

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ذɻ̧Ůʩһ
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Gһһ˵ȥҸ㺮ʯôܳء
д·ˣҪףѺʯʲô
ʱŴ飺㲻ˣĲѹˣʯҲǷҪɡ
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λŮ޲֣§˵ʱҪŶԷ⣬̬
ʱ
֮䡭Ҫˣʱ΢΢ɴ۾
Ҫˣ


16
ǣΪ֪һݴնСġ֮ŰټҹᣬʱĪҪ٣ǡ
½յʱüߣ磿ҲŲȥ
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Ѫˮ嵭Щ
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ι
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۾ˣϧʹ˹ͷһûˡ
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˭֪ǹ᲻ͻȻ֡


17
ʲô֡½ĵضǰѾָѵˡ
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ɵֳԱȥȴ˸ա


18
Ѱ˲ţʱʶȥеĽָⴥֲڲʱŻȻĽѲˡ
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19
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20
˵ȥݣѩʨҡҡλ߰ղŵ
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21
׽ڴߣʱȴôҲŲ죬ӹ룬Լ
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½һȥʰʲôƹӣ
˸պŭ˺ԣֻͻ䣬ˮһԾضΪ֮һ䣡
쳹һ


22
Ӱ㿣дӰ׷ᡣ
һ٣֮齣Ȼͷӳһ;֮ؽ˲˪ŤȴǱ˼ͷŭһǷŭ
ֻ۾еӳǰϴܶĺӰһǰȻһˮǽסȥ·
ѻͷǽľĿԡ
𽣣ֱָԷ
ȶˮ˰ĺбŷֱƵǽ·ˡ
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л
Ҳ½ǵԣЦŽ齣ɢȥ̾˿֪Ҳؽˣ֪ʲôܾЩҪҪ
㶼ǵˣñҪ½ǺȻڹ㳡ϵһǸйأ
ͷʱҵĸоһģϤ׽˵ҲҪѰҾ˴ȵһѡǸϵʦ˵ദϤͻȻˡ
ԭΪѹҰѺô˵㶼̽󡣡СɾˣҲźѣȻҵ£
ţѣҲǿĵģֶ˸ѡ
ϣԼЩʴ
ǱӦڿΡ
һλҲ˵ҪȥڿΡ
еȥһ
óȻǰȥǵöԷġ
ţǰͻȻ߹һˣŵӷΣֳ彣
Ա·
ͷǸģԴӼϣ۵׵ıĶΡ
վס
½һ˳ǹ¼ˣ°ʣʲô񣿡
֮Ҳ΢΢ü⼸ЩӡȥŵĵӣС٣ͷĽַ壬ǰܷǹ
ֱԴȥá
ַЦһǰһֱӽؿڵǹ⣬Ƶ̽ǰɣ磬б㶯һԡ
˶ʱЦ˵ʲô̽Σ绹ǵùԹ
½ӣָ߬ÿ֨죬ȷʵ綯䣬˭ȶ˭
ʵʲ
𣿡ַǰһǹæԱŲ˼ַֹˡ
½㣡
ַֿһָЩ˲Ҫߺţ壿Ǹ˵ʱѡб˴Ūɾ͵òʧˡ
˵˭½ǼҧʣѹסԼˡ
СͷһͼѹԼƢ治ʲôõطһųϲԸڶŵˡ
ӺĪ
֣Ͳôˡ
½һ
ַʮؿ˵Ϊͽ֪ʲôӣδžóǰ㣬Ҿ˵أʮһεѡԣôͻȻǰˣ˵ʲôȵһѡʦҿ˵ǵһλҲǶ˵ģлᰡ
ҲͷͣҲ޺ͱġ
ŵӱԲҪǧŬܴӼǧӱţ֪һ˻δžܳΪϹŵӣ᲻ܲʡ
ղŵ磬ǰҲδųκһˣѡʣԵȥţǷһѾڶտƾĻ˵ֻסѹ½ǳǹ֣ҡҡͷ
ôҲ̽ڴ˴˱¿ʵ
˵ûоûУҲǿտƾַ۾ƵһŷֶֻˣЩ֪֮ĹĶȥ
ƾնַӦʱѾʵʵڱ鵹ڵأۡ
ʳѪ̧ͷϿ
µṲ̊ü֮⣬ʱֳһޡ
ַҧ㿪ȴǱеȣʱѪ۵Щιȥ
ղ˵ʲôʱؿг
֪Źھʮ
ŹھӲ֪ԭίԣڽ߷ʮȡ
ŹʮӲڮ٣Υ߷ʮȡ
½Ǵ˴Ҳȫ֮ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰЩ죬ϻ˳۵ģĲ١
ҲַҧվһȻڷŶȴŭ⡣
ҪҲǽóϴƾʲôң
ʱҼǳϣʸ㡣
ַʱ߳ŭȫȻʱ׿ָĳϣԪӤǣε˳֮λ峤ϽǰΪҲĳ֮λ
Ҷγʱδ˵ʱݣҲδЩӾɲ¼ɡ
ʱŴ΢΢Ŷ
ľ羹ȻˣⲻȥЩ£ൽ˵öԷĻЩ

Ÿһ仰ЦЩ
˿ȥҩֺһǡʦֶŸ˵£һ˭֪ôһ䡣
˵˭Цеĺȴ˲
ַ³Ѫĭ˵Ϊϣ
ЦʵȻ֪Ϊϣ֪˭𣿡
磬˭ҳΪ
ַͫٿصɴŵؿˡ
ܣܣôΪ
Ϊ벽֮˭˲֪ôԪӤ綼û
ַ壬ڽ䡢ϲԲѷﲢԽ磬뾳༸ˣ˼һ£ٺ¡
䣬Цӯӯؿַ壬òʵҿɷ㡣
ǵַۣʹȴֺظܵھѡ
ͫӳŮ˺Цµ¾ǿ־;
壬ϣ⼸Ѿ϶
ַһҰܵرõߡ
ֻصʱߣļĪҪϣЩƷԲ룬Һ˵㵽ڿˡ
òײʦó˷ͷɱЩƻȥˡ
ʱ͵͡šһ⿴һߵ
ͬЦЦ˵лл
ܱߵɢȥһͷ½ǺͰҲ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˣҲû֪һ
ȥһΪϵĽΣ˾ǰֲ֪ˡ
ԵЩ޴롣
Ǳźʱ˵Щ뿪ʱת۷˻ɵվԭء
߹ȥʵʲô
㡣⻰ѿڶһס졣
ңʱԼû⻰ʱĴ
ЦˣҲü
Ϊϡ
ţ
һѡؿ۾Ϥ


24
ҹʱ, ʱ˯ȻĻ
һѡ
Щ֪֮ǻȥ˷Թ, ղݣֻΪѰѪ
вЩʱڴϷȥ˯⡣
ϲǷʲô
, ú㵽塣
㿪ӵѲӣסĵط
׼˽᣿
ͻȻһʱŵһƤϢ, 뵽ͻȻ˵
һͷŷŴһ
æվ, ʱüʲôأ
Ҷһ̬Ȳ, ֱ󣬵¶żô˵, ûûС
ʱ˿ߵĻҲƮ˻˶, ŵʦδ˯
ʮ֮ʱж, ˭֪ҴŸ˽
ҶĵҲΪˡ
¶ԼĿ, ֪޾عȥ, ûС
ʲôʱ糤, Լתתôˣ
Ҷߣ˵ģ
˼ù˭
־ס˵ӣѾ˯, ߰ɡ
һƼ, ΪƫƧе
վɽ֮ϣʱɽ;ɫ
ҹɫɽ΢ө⣬һһͬͷǿգɷǺÿ
±߷󣬴ʱ˿ңһ⾹ʮʡ
ǾӶ
һǰƮ㡣
类ڽ⣬ǹҲɢһɶҲ֮ѹ¡
ص²裬ƽʱҿ᲻ó
ʱҶʯϰϲˮ㣬ʱϲ֮
߹ȥ棬Ҷ˱衣
ʦл˵
ôæҪ񵽰ҹ֪ˣס
Ҷ̾˿Դ𱸣һ£
ʱűеӰӰΣ΢ȦȦ
δػҶĦű棬ڽɱ棺ڹҡ
ᡣʱһڲô̵Ĳˮ
üëɵһš
ࡣ
ɬζֱֱĿڡ
Ҷ̾˿˵£ƾճһѽֱߡ
֪ȥΪѰʯѾ˲ˣ㿴
ʱ۽΢Ŀ⻺ֱ߳
ĺԾᣬָⶼڶ־Ҳûȥ
ôˣԼĽˣ
ָȥʱͷЩ죺Ϊ㽫ȥǲִ
ǲ룬𣿡Ҷýֱվ˪ѩ͸ĳ
ԼĽúˣĪҪٶˡ
ʱŽʦδŪһֱĽͽġ
Ҷֶ紫úԶЩ翡
ʦ˵⣬޴¡һǵʱյ˰ټŴȿףһʱ˵ڽ޶ԣнǸĴ¡ػ֣أ𣿡
ָḧϸƱ޲úܾϸҲ̫ѽѹ
һڽϣϢطɢ°׵ϣ䦳һƬɫ
ͷƣʱһֶһĨӰ
ŴЦһеݹ
Сʦã֡
ա
ʱСĴ򿪽УһϸÿĽ롣
޺룬඼пõĻ⡣
ʱΪʮƫ볤Ʈݣӽʱһһʽÿˡ
ϵڽ֮ϣ˪ѩĽ˿֯Ľ룬á
ʱֻۿۣİһйһһÿһѺۡ
лѵ³֣Դϸ΢Ŀǻ
̾˿뻳УţлʲôΪʦ㣬ӦչʦãЩˡ
Էİ꣬ʦԼİ꣬Ǽ¾еһ̣ܲ˰

ʱ֪Լôص÷壬ֻǵŻʦ˰ޣ߶߶˵ЩʲôһĻҶʦҧгݵذԼƺǱˣʦһЦ
ǹǳǳȣŴһƲ㿴ϱڽϻе齣˽ʡ
ʱ߹ȥִʱʵҲ̤ʵЩ
ҹɽҰǳõ彣λʦİһΣİ겻ѵΡ
糤ϷΣ䣬ʱ׼ȥڿΣһͻȻһ
Ŵ
ʦ˵ĿΣȥ䳡ɡ
ȥ䳡ɱڿɶˣʱаϲ
Щϼ죬û뵽һ쾹Ҳ˼졣
ʰ׵䳡Ѿвٵӿʼһϰ
䳡϶Ϊŵӣһĵã˴Ÿţ˼һְҲʮеġ
ʱŵЩһСӣ۵ɫ
һӣŵеĽƺӺС
ʱЩӡؾ÷עĹ
ǽСذ
кβ⣿
ż彣ʽΪ裬żҲǲе
ΪϡذȻóԼĽΪѵ⽣ҿزס
زסԼĽ
ʱĽӹƷϳˣǸġ
˵ŵĵл뽣񽣣Ҳ׵ƷǷԼ
⽣
ذϿæ˽ʦ
˵ʱϲԶ׼ʱ
صʱʦ㰲ȫֲóȻȥųϣ˭֪ǰһλʦҵѽ˵ʦ˼
һ彣ʽҿʱݻ
ذӽ˼ǰһһʽػӹ
彣ʽʮʽʽ飬˿ɹɷذĶŲתֶģ塣
ǰѽҲýӲʮʽת͡
ԼһСˣСҲһѽ彣ʽذѧ
ʱȥһľ
彣ʽҲǵӱѧŵ˼ԺӣѧѧҲá
ذսԹԵصųָ⡣
ƽǶԽԹ𣿡
ذŽҡͷʦʦ۸ңԸұԡ
ѹʽϿһ
ʱ۾һƲԶԼ߸ߵؾ̧֣ž͹ˡ
ʱ
СľŮһعͷЦϺá
һԵذ۾΢΢ɴ󣬾˶Գϵ̬ȣʱһ
㣡
ȥҲһЦ
Խˡʱʾذ
ҡذ˿еľֵͷԼﷺŰ΢Ʒö̫ƽ
ϣҲȥһľɡ
ءʱסھҪͨ˶ԽϤ
ɡذ˵ʲôͱһԾԾԵϣҺþö˶ԽˣҪģҲֵġ
ѰһյԶʱһ½硣
ʼɡ
ذû˶ԽԹһʼŽҲֻǽ˼֣ޱĶ
һüľתתڽ¶轵
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʱƺĽһ¡
ȥʱû˶붼Ǿشţ·ոֻ
һ̧ۣڵѾʼУʹĶ彣ʽذȴƵֻԽأ
Ůɫһ㺹ÿÿҪʱԷܿһסһʮʽ磬һһֱӦԲԴհһƬ
ٿһָۣһɣء
ذ´۾Ѿʪˡ
ڶԽĳЦţһת۾Ϳ˱ˡ
æľϵĽ͵ǰ
ԲסԲסˡ
ûУԼˡذ̧ĨĨᣬͷǿЦնл㣬Լˡ
ԥҡԺԽ𣿡
ڴӦȻԣ
ɢȥذŽʱ˰ݣתȥ䳡
ϲ̵߹ȥΣ
ʲôΣʱ
תصԼλϣ䳡
ȥҪ˵ЩԼĻ
Ұ
ʱ̧Ҳգգ۴˹ȥ
ĿԣͫʵӳһϮ£Լ׾ůЦ
㱼ЦŵģЦüë۾ĻȣǼÿġ
֪ô£⻰ֱ˵˳
ܺÿ
ߴһЦЦҲˡ
ѽϣû
ʱع˲ӿָⶼ̡
Щգô
û㹴
ҧгݵشǶ졣
ʱĲȥ䳡һ࣬Ҷվǣŭ졣



25
ŽӶ, ʱֻñӴ˵ǰתһת, ȶԷҪ׷ʱһ̲ˡ
ʱҲʶƺԼ˼ǰʦ˵ֻڿΡ
һȥڿ, ֶˡ
ʵ̫ԣһţʱ̧ۿȥ
½Ǻһţ̲ס, ϻϲԱߵ½ȴǳ, Ŀʱ͸ź⡣
ʱ򴽣, ½Ӧ֪Լ˭ˡ
̾˿̨, һߡ
εĶǸŵĵӣҲǽ޵ӣʱ׼ǽһݽʼԼǧйؽһŵҪ¡
Щʱ㰮, ٽ, Ҳ渵
ڿγϳúÿСӰͷҲÿģڽʲô, ԼҲûȥ, , , ߵ߶, ִһ߳ȥˡ
ߡ
һĺ˽
˺Ȼϲ˵˵İǰ벽Ϊ¡
ǰĵӽǻͷȥжЩǴͲá
Ȼ֪ͨһλΪʱûж˵ݹŵﶼλΪϾǵΪ̬Ȼ
涼˵Ϊǰ벽ɣɱǽɣǰӸ벽Щ֮⣬統ڵǰΪ벽ɸʮơ
еֱվ⻰ʲô˼
̽ѧѾܣһѪ½һѵӷкǺϡ
½ǿɲϲͷˣվǸСӣ˵ʲôˣѵΪ𣿡
æںһ£ﻹ硣
һʦţһǾˣʵЩͷֻŽ½ȰһȰҪ¡
СͷȰͷһۣҪ˵
Ȼתͷ°Ͷ̨ϵˡ
ôϲ˵ǲ֪˵ڣ
ÿνˡʱ˵˽첽߳ȥ
ĶӰ㳯ȥҲܽǷڿΡ
İǰ׽Ŀһǰ߹
ڽļ䱻ӲקʱҲѹ£ֿѾصǰɢӵʿȣȴôҲײɽʱµĽ硣
·ЩҲӦ
ͷǰ
һǹƿնɨǰ
ʱһŤ㿪
Ϊ˵ʰˣ궼Ѽ½ǹָвмһ׷ϣҿҲˡ
Σʱսн
½Ƕ֡
ԷƺŹСüһǹһĨŪЦɱ㣬͵Բá
ݼǧʿһɽƾʲôܺúõػţ
½ۿ죬ǹ
ҡʱȥΪ˫۾ͬ½һޣ½Ҳ˵׽ٻ֮С
ȲԸԲãǱȡ
ǹգȻǵӿ
ǲصɱУҪġ
ʱɫһݣ˻ɢһ
˶ɱУ½ʮŭԼϷˣ
нȴ
ⲻʲô
ν
ǹѸ٣䣬ŶԷγ
齣޲ãʱãδζܣֱ۵Żӹǹˡ
۱һ飬׻䣬已̥ܵġ
µֿƲסطʱ̧ˡ
ǻѹ£ʱһ̧ۣǹߡ

һ죬ǹײһļµ
½ǻһֶʱƫ˼֣ǰ˲Ϣ롣
Ȼ¡
ĸ۵ģ͵ػͷҪ˭
һƣǸϹͰ롣
ǰѽҲͨ

ǣҪ嶯ﻹ磬˳ϣǲýһ
ҲһȰţ˵ЩѾȥ֪ͨųˣĪҪٶˡ
½ҧŭǲոˣ
üҲ˼֣ˣأŹ𣿡
½ߣĻ̽ѵΪһ̽𡣡
ᣡ
ƿһһ巽ǿߵѹֱ½һˡ
ٵǰЩȥѹ½ǴЩѪ
һǲܣ⿴ȴɫ糣һ˫۾һֱΪϡ
ԻڵѹȻܹ治ɫ
ʲô˰
Ҷ˲ϢҶʱ½м䣬ʱߣϸ鿴Ϣһֻ̧ü
֪𡣡
ҶǰĿ漴Īˣ˴羳ڣʦ˵Ҳ㰲Ȼػȥ
½ǿ̻ʹѪֱͦĿⷢݵؿű˻ŵΪֻԼΪʲôٿһ㡣
ٿһ㣬ˡ
ҶüһѹҲ
ţ磬Ϊˡ
Ļû˵㱻ϡ
ҶҲС糤ǽ̷ѧͨϱ˵֮£Ϊδ˹
һ޿̡
ʲôİǰǧһԸΪӭϰټţȻҶŬѹŭ˵ѧȻȴҪʦ
ʰɣ
˭ϡ⣡½Ǹ˰һ
СؿһʦķӦûʲôʾ˹ȥ
ߣ½Ӷȥ
·ʱ½ʣߣ
Ŵû˵üëҪˡ
һ𰸣½Ǳİ֣ߡ
Ҷûǣ³һȥʱ
ô
С۹ǶˡҪһʱ䡣
Ҷͷ˼䣬Ҵȥˡ
ͣڴֻ飬£𼱻ǵظϹ
ʱۣɫף˵ʱҪһ鷳ˡ
æιһֹ۵ҩҪȥַ塣
һ¡
ʱסȥɵվԭص
л
ʱסǹǶӽȴ
Լ
عֽŻҵ񣺡Ϻúټ
˵ձߣ²ŵĻľ
źʣôˣ˻һ
ʱҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ʱһӡ
Ȼȥ
š

ذԼĶԽ֮أһһֱ֮ȥ
ѩһһʽŷѩѩΪһɫȻ֮
ľתĻ
Ƕβļе˿ʼǴδĽУȴһ㣬ص˿һĶûѾ֪ˡ
еĽ죬ѾۼӰĵز
ۣĶ
㣡ô
һͣһ̧ͷ㿴ذȵؿԼ
ôˣ
׽ôģذѾΡ
ն˴ԽȴδӮһаʽ
ŸͨһŹڶԽУȴû뵽ȻһĻ
⽣ΪѩʽΪʱǾ
֪ô˵ֻõԡ
ˣǱΪˡ
ԭ˽ΪѾѩڸˡ
ذеĽһǻ鱻ˢһɶ
ֻȻգΪҪԽҲΪָˡ
ذԽ𣿡߹ȥľ
ذеľۣתȥ
ôǡЩԡ
֮Ժ˵
ԶذĶӰʯ


26
, 鷳Щˮ콫һƷʯݸǰϸˡ
ϸ˽ӹʯֿȷǼٵģϲЦտӦ
ɾԵȡ
, ΢
ɫһæϵߣϵɫ԰, üͷƺܼʹࡣ
ţĶͷһƬʪ
һ, һ¾ͺˡ
ۡ½ǲӣʶ㱲塣
ͼע, ǹɲͣܶ
䲻ȴĥ, Щʹ˳մɵֱ治塣
׷ʱɵ룬Ϊʦ, ½ôҲ̽ʲô£̽Ҫˮˡ
Ҳֻͽһ, ǿ, ܿ쾾סβ͡
ɾˮˡš
½ǣǣӣſš
л
ûٶ˵ʲô, , ˮ½ǽղɾ
½Ժ۾, һǰڵ
һ, 
ô߰ƽʱࡣ
ڶˡ
ͷ, 
жһǷʯ
½ǺߺЦ£۾ţɫȻȷź࣬Ǹʵˡ
ֻ仰ʲô佱˼
ֱС㳶ס죬Ҳ뵽ͻȻô˶ק˹ȥΪ˱ҵֳֻߡ
㡪
û˵꣬ϵ߱㱻һֻժ
ʱͫһ
ʱٵüϲ񾳽ͻƣѺ˴룬±½ϳ֮ȻЩαװ
첻ұ֤αװ¶ڡ
ߣ½ϰָĦǴһƤ
ǰһܺÿɡ
Ʋһȣ׽סֲҶϢЩòŵϢˡ
Ҫ½šü
ǽʲô
ǡ
ǡ֣оֱһȣһС˿˶˹ֱƬһ͹ǣò񻰡
һʱ佩ס֪Ǻá
ƺʲôϸһʹջֻ֣һֻ½š
ȴڴߣ콫òľӼ﷭һһš
ͬʱ
˴ѡԻӦټһŲʮĵҲɲμӣȻЩӲƽ޳ϵ
ԱߵķĳüëһᣬϷòոͽܣƥǲۺˣ
ۺ죿޳ߣ㱾¶ûУܳΪµӣô롣
˺ˣλʦĪҶܣʦǣѡǰѾвٵ˽²ɣŵӲμҲͲʧʣ֮츳ǼãѡԹʹǿףλҲ¡
ҿɰѻˣͽҪˣǲ˵շĳһȥʱ㣡˾ͱϹˣСͽǰתתȥġ
ʱ
Ҳû˵
̧ۿŵλãԹԶ׼
ǰ¶ġ
ҶҲؿȥһʦ塣
ʦģˡ
Ҳͷ
˭ĵӲӣαΪһӸͷʱ򱻲ϻǸ鷳һ궼С
ŷΪõӣһҲûָͷͱ߶߶˼꣬ӵûɫ
ŵı֤ĳɫŻֿʼԱߵ޳˵δӶá
պѡˣҶ˵һЩ¾ɢˡ
Ǹظ壬ֻʱԭλŲ裬ûߵ˼
ʦ㣬㲻õġʱ˼̽粢洦
ʲôʱֵѵˡҶͷҲû̧ϲ鿴ŰټҵӦ
ѾͷçײҪ֪Ůһǹ糤ϣҪǸˡ
˵һûأԼˡҶ£Ƥһವؿȥ
ʱʱüһá
򲻹Ѿͷ𣬻ֵǹǿ䣡Ӷ𣿡Ҷְõõ죬ҪȥüʱҪڻϼ£
нãŵڹ¡
ʱͷ˵ǺԼΪʲôһߣʦ
һѵһѵǸøһҶ˵˼û˼
Ͻ߸Ͻߡ
ǰʱӲԹţ˵һ䣬ܻ䣬䲻
ʱæߵǰʱһ仰ȥʱ·䳡ǵǰһȦǵãǻƣ㹴ˣüȥġ

ʱһ֪ˡ
Ϊϡ
ӼʱЩϤ㿴һۡ
һȷʵǸʶġ
ذ
ذֽͷ˵ͣתｫӰʯǡ
ǰѽõˣ⼸տЩ򣿡ʱ֪ÿնԽҲ˳ˡ
ذлָ㣬ʮ˳ˡ
ʱ˳ֿɲУִ˳ġ
ذǡ
ʱͷ뿪
ذ̨µôٻӰӰʯѵۡ
ƾʲô

ʱ䳡¿һȦҲûӰȥǶԽ֮ȥˡ
Խ֮ЩƫƧҪǹȥǹڿˡ
ԭؾ˰ΣʱΪѵ̾˿
ҪǴظɣˣһֲܡ
żһת
ΪϺáһɣ۾ҹǡ
ʱ
˺Щ𣿡ձ˵Сۡ
š
ϡҵ𣿡
ʵ͹ˣΪȻȥк䳡˶ӣɲ¼ɾͲˣֻһ͵͵š
һֳƺˣûҵѡԵֻδɵĵһϲҲ˲ЩˣЦӯӯشչȥ
ʲôʱü۵Į
ѧˣ⿴Ưȴʲôֻ佣֣ǽڷϸָĻʱٿһ
¶ˡ
Լġ
Ҳֻ̧ӣЩˡ
ʱתƻҲ˿صá
˵תһ룬ɲʳȣô
õķûʲôζһҲóԡֵ˵ɽеӼҾסҲмζķӡ
ҪҪȥͣ͵лϰⳤϳˡ
µΪ޵£Ϊұóֳͽ䣬㲻лҡʱȥɽ£Сݻ
á۾һתǹ𣺡Ǹлˡ
ʱ
һǹǵסϱȻˣһӽﳤϵ£ϲл𣿡ͷаЦ⣺С𣿾ȥˣ
ʱ


27
Сݡ
˶¥ٴλ, 򿪴ܿһĽˮļۿǴİɫ, ׽
׽ϴ󲿷ֶӼҾ죬ҲЩΪʿֻ, ˶ӡ
ʱͷλã¿ȥˮڲֹոһյȥ
ĳ, ҲڳСݣҲλá
λ, ԵʲôĿĹЦӯӯعüҶϲ
ʲôó԰, һ
նӿԳƳ硣ǹ˵ŵ׽ʮ, ̲λϲҿʦһ
˵ʱ, ۾ؿʱ, ɫЩƺʶһ
Ҳˣˣʶ
ǹͷ
ʱü, ΪΡҲǵ㣿
ҽḷ́ĺ΢, , , Ȱ˵ϰҡ
һֱڵ
ʱĵɻ, μӡ
ΪλûһһúллǶλءĺ̴ź
ʱһ⣬ȱʧļ䶼ǺǸйأȻξ˵Ĺغһ𣬵Բȷ
ξôʵҲֻΣ档
Ȼĺ˵һˣǼпǸˡ

ǸЩЩ¡ʱʵеһλˣʲôʲôģ
ĺͷ룬üɥҼǲˣʱ̫ãֻǵʱ
ᡭ
ʱպвûġ
ḷ́æ
ˣ
˺ĺ̼ææ¥
ΪĲǵ˵ЩˣЩ⣬ѵѾʼˣ
ʱֵؿһû˵
ǵûװʲô֪
ᡭᡭ
ʱָ̫Ѩ۾Ű׽˼Ʈİǰ
İǰһСݣǵǺһġ
ǲԸټ˰ɡ
һ¹ƳǳŰ꣬һͻƻڣƳǿҲû䡣
Ϊϣ
ʱع񣬿ﱧʲôԲĹһ
ʲô
ĵóԭĵù⻬٣죬ЩһۿȥĳֹϽơ
ףôˡ˫ŵҡҡ
ʱסҡȥƶҡˡ
ⲻѰ
Űѵ£ִ˴û˻Ρ
Ҳǣ׽ٵĵʲôõϧˡźôһ֪ٵˡ
׽٣⵰ĶģʱЩԾ
ݷԹȰһ򲻹Һ½ǣҧŵ׽ͬھһŮԵ֮ɫ˿ʲôС
ʱס
ͼʲôأΪһ

ǲ𣿡
ǣǴѣΪ
һȫȻİĶԻӿУҪץסûܼ˭
ָоЩ겻
ԽʶһƱӲק˺ۡ
ʱ¶ʱˣˣļ䱻˷סˣ˵ΪԶ֮ϡ
ǿûȥλʦ㡣
ϣ֪ʲô𣿡ſϣһ档
ʱҡҡͷҲδ
˵⵰׽٣ͲҪҶˣСġʱ˵ָָ
Ǽ˳ƽյĮӣͻȻԴɰĶǵһЦ
ãϵġ
ʱ˻ȥ£ش˴ָ⣬һ˿Ρ
Ц⣬պãҪ˵պѡԣһͻȻ
Ϲ۵Ķ˸Ӷ˲ã˴ϵ¥
ʱԿȥ֮¥ݵһ࣬һһŭصǰĺ̡
ԲԲҡḻ́ŵҪޣͣǸ
⣿𣿡ˮ°ڣɫⷨ˿ƣʲô⣡
ңҡĺͨ죬һһص
ֵô¥µĵϰԸӵ·Դḷ́Ѿ֪Ǹʲô
ЦŽĺԼֵϼƷϺõĵҩЩɾƵƷ鵤ҲмС
ɾһмϰ˵һѻӿϰŵҩ֣Բĵҩһء
ҩӣŪ˭أ
ϰıЩͣϵЦҲ
ǿأ
ָḷ́͹Ȼ£͸Լƺ󣡡
ĺһҲȾϿǻں澾ϰ·СҲǹģĲǹģŮ˿޺Ž˵ġ
ϰ彫쵽½ǵ֡
¡
˽ҾͲĵ꣡˷»ŵؽֱ飬ľм۳׷ɡ
ԭڶ¥Է̸ЦĿҲ׷뿪˭ҲǷǣ˿Ҳưոݵӡ
𡭡
΢ĺȺɢĿռŽȷʵǸŮ˵
ĺָŵĲ
㻰࣡ɫŭֱԽϰ彫ĺƾץ˹ָϸĲս
ſϰһС
һ˲˺Ȼĺ̵ֹƲţһ죬ֱֹ۶ˡ
˭ϥأĿڶ濿λÿƯŮӡ
۵ŮЦеؿţİŮĿ罣Уʱ˲
㡣
ӰȰƶţգۼǰ
ʱһֱ̧ۣͣڰգٻӲһ֡

ǵԼЩ졣
ʱ䲼ռһܴĲ
˹ָռȡס۾ɴŭʲôҵĶ
ģʲôʱ
ޣʲôܵ𣡡˳ǰһĭһ絲˻ȫԼϡ
ʱŭصһߵˡ
ЦЦȻһš
һþС
ʱѿռùҪ򿪣ӭȻһݺѩ
Ľ
ʱüռȴһǣĶɢһأһˡ
壬˺ۣ˾˼һϢˡ
˳һ׽УѾûӰ
˸ɹʱűߣ˿һֻѪ۵קסµ°ڡ
ӣӹһصмһŰ۵ӡ
ʱеһĽӡ
Щֻ뵽һˡ
Ǿؾ֪顣
Žµˣ͸ҵķ˿϶ԼɼŮ˵Ĳӡе֪ҪЩ
һÿסͷ
Ů˵Ҳ˺ۣǿܱģ
¹ȵ
æ˷Լ
ϰĺ̴һ߹ĺ̲ᣬлˣ־ҡ
ԭϰ忴ʱɾЩûˣɺã
ʱͷʵɻǵҴĺʱ߻һˡ
ϰ塰һͷǵüǵãλɾҲǼõˡ
㻹ǵʲôʲô𣿡ʱЩС
ϰɻգգۣλɾʱӦѣѣ᲻ǵöԷء
Ȼɾˣشǡ
ϰλɾţǺģ
ϰĻͣסüյ벻ˣŻǵõġ
κǸؿʱɾĪְһʱҲǲˣˣ˻ȥ
ްʱһǽ壬ϲ޶ʯֻôɽóһƿҩ棬š
ɲɣɾǰ˴æôĶϰֺһ
ʱЦҩϣ͵ǰһ˵ĳ͡
ǣҾˣɾ´һǵ
ʱͷѻȥ֪顣
Ҿʹˡ
ɾ㡣


28
ַ塣
, ֻЩƤˣЩҩͺãֻʱȳЩһҩ
Ǿͺáһ
˴ʱľû, ɸŻˡ
ʱͻȻҪѡˣ㲻ȥ׼׼
׼ʲô˿ֿһš
ʱȻ, ʲôҪ˵Ͳʺٴˡ
ԶԶԣȥ׼׼˵ߣĵعš
Žҩ, Цʱʲô
ʱһ۴ŵ֪飬̧˼˲硣
Щ, ʧЦʲô°ȥҲҪš
ʦ֪𣿡ʱ, ʶֿʼ˺Ѱۣʱҡҡͷ۸ѹ¡
˳Ŷǰϸ˳ȹʶ
ĪҪ, ļʦµġŴһ˿ŹԪ鿴ʶȷûʲô²ų
ʦ𣿡ʱɻ, ΪҪҼ䡣
ΪǸѰŷЩ䡣
̾˿, ԥãǿ˿ڣҽղ㣬ԺҲᰲֵġ
, ֿѡ
ֿѡ
ʦ𣿡ʱʵ, ǵԼǰ硣
ҡͷ, 㲢δǡ
ʱһĶ, Сؾ, ΪҲһǧһܼ
ȿȡʱƫͷ̫ʦ㣬˵š
ǰʱֻô̶
֪ŽһߵѬȼŵҷ˵Ҳʵ
İǰؾڼ½ѰһͬȥͻڼܾˡŴǴؾʱ㡣
úݱʦ˵ҪȥһطձءʦȻ㣬չȥԲʦѰ㣬ŵ֪ȥ˰ʮ壬š
ҵȥ˰򣡡ʱɴվ
ô˵ģԭĶɽٵڰ
ţŽĶɽٵػˣ
ģ
ʱ۾תţȴ֪ÿ̓棬Ųĵغ˰벽һԵס
ʦá
ʦ㣬Ϊβңʱڵ·۾ǺһƬ
Ųֻ̿ʦ˼
ʦʦĶȥԼȥʱ˵žҪߣȴŽš
аʹһ˲٣ʦѷ˰
ԣʦˣأʱȣЩִֵţĶȥʾʦôң᲻ҵġ
ʦ㣬˵Ķڡ
ʱһŻָ룬˱ҡ
˼룬ιЩҩѹ£˿
ҶʱҲ˹ͷһҲһ硣
üϻ̵ŭ⣬ΪʲôҪЩ֪壬ǳ⣬ôԵʦ𣡡
̧ͷҲûЦ⣺Ѿ֪ˣǲԼȥ𣬵ʱٳʲô״˭ֲ֪ǲ֪һɣ֪Լжˡ
ôҶûܲ˭β飿ҶҲӹŵݹĲˮһ
Բ飬鲻ԼüЩʦˣҪʾҪҪȥٵģ
Ҷһ飺񣬿˵óͲұ
Цһֲҡ
Ҷ
ǻô죬ʦ𲢷Ƿǡ
ꡪ
Ҷָָϵˡ
ŵͷֹס˺Ļ
ѡԹĴᣬȥͬƳܲûһ񡣡ҶʼŴ
Զн磬źͳϾȻҪ
Щ
˼ʱڣҲֻôȥ
ͬ⣿δѣЩҲδ
һ̫ɽҶ촽ڶ
ˣЦ⽥ŨѾŵ
ҶŴƺߣҺ˵˵ˣʦ¡
ԴҶžٽʦ㣬ˡ
ߣһӿʼˡ
طСݲôˣƽշæͲˡ
Ҷ
ߵſڣŵˣҶһ䣺ǣ
ʦúǸڰ׽ȻġŵƮȥ
Ҷһץסص㣺˭
ֵôˣǰת𣿡
ҶҧҧŤͷˡ

䳡
һҡٵעĿ˵ֳľƮݡ
ʣѡԣ䳡˸Щ󲿷ֶ۾ȫע
ҲһЩڹĦ̽ԼѡϵʲôҲ˵ס
ӹһ彣ʽȤĴѰˡ
ڽҵذ߹ȥ
ذҪҪԽ
ذڻ񣬱ôһһеĽûȡ
عԥһ»ǵͷ
ȥǰԽ֮أת˽ü۷ؿذ
ٹգɾذʦˡ
ذˣʦ㡣
Ϊβܣʦʦ㡣գգۣذʦĪҪģѽܹȫ˳ӦʱٶԽҿ϶Ǵ򲻹ġ
ذһ䣬нѳʡ
ѾһζԽɵվԭصȶԷ֣ذӰ죬ԽֻеĽ˿ȫע뽣ÿһλӽǿĽ
ľ֮飬Ҳ֪һ㣬ֻ㣬Էź
ذ۵ڸֳЩЦ⡣
Ҫעסذɣ
ذһӮֱֽŷղסʱŷԣĽѾƿˡ
˽գ⽣ذͨʱҲܵǰĸȾذֱֱس
㿪ذҲǻζҲزס֡
ľֽ˽֮Ҫӭһ
ذҲ۾ŵõɴһȦߺţ㿪㲻Ҫ𣡡
ֱӱ۲ȥ
ֻײʱᵹͻȻ˼
ذɻľôнײ
ۣеĲǰľһɵ޵ĽһʵĽӲĽ
ǰѽָܸо̹ǵı
ذԼĽ󿴵Ѿ˵ľ
齣ɢȥڴƿɫۿɼ˼֡
һĨЦնԽӮˡ
ذŽͷþò
ΪβáѩĽרǿʽ
ȻѧˣΪβá
ΪҪã⣬ǶԽҲֻǶ彣ʽӶԽпԼҲϤѽ
ذ΢ձѩۣҲʱĶԽˡ
Ҳ˵ˣѩΪ϶ĽУôԽ۾ЦͽܻãҲͽܣǾ͸ˡ
ѩΪϴ𣿡ذ˳
ǣΪᴫҽСЦţҵء
ذĻ

ˡ˭
ذʣѾ֣ˣȻȥ
һ·߻صԼԺӣűһѪ˳
ȥʶĸоð˳
ʱΪϡ
ΪϾֱߣܸоԷ¶ȡ
գգ۾ãȻƬ̣תͷһߡ
һѽ˪ѩĳ


29
Ҳֻһһһ, ʶֻص
űǿվո
ΪϵɫǺܺã
˲, ڣȷûѪ׼ȥַ忴
ոһʵʵޱ, ǰҲйʶɴδڱߡ
ֲ룬ԼΪ֮һЩʲôϵ
ѡԴϣһҪǿף
ʰ׵, ţȴһŵӷ߽Ժӡ
ǵʮ
ĳȥһˡ
ϣԼʲô
Էǰ, һųϣҲþܾ, ·
˵ԶԶַķһۣˡ
Ȼȥɡ

˯μ, ʱоһ˫ָüۣƽü
˫ֲů, Ķѩ, һϤ֮С
۽޲ۣĿǻʦ㺬Ц
ʦ, Ц, ̧˼иռõҩ
ˣҩ
ʱ¾ͱۡ
ЦŽ, ҩⲻ鲻ԸС
ҩʱֱഥ, ŵԶů, ͱմϰϵ
ҩ®ңƽʱ˽
ʱҩɻʵʦҷſ
Ŷһͣ©һģѲɸոԼҶĻȥˣ
ôˣ
ʱ˸ûû¡
ſɲüجζֲ
ѲǴ
ʱţ߽ҩС
ζ˼˲Ťͷ³һ̧۱㿴ʦЦӯӯؿԼ

һҩȥ
ʹʹʱۣһͷȵһɶ
ٿöһʱѿҩݹȥ
ʮ⣬ӹҩǡ
ˣλҲˡ
ʱʦҩͷѣĻһ˲뵽֪顣
Ҳɣ˸˵£ͷʹһ
ˡ
ȳңʱȥ
֪ȷʵѾѣ˿ˤ䴲£ҪվȴΪʹֵ˻ȥ
Źȥ·شϡ
Ī
̧֪ۿȥǾ裬Щˣͷϵسˡ
С˺֪ˣԼҲܲ³òǺܺá
ô˵ҲͬУʱ²̣ߣָü䣬ƽ
Ůо𽥳ûٿʱʱжЩ
ϲصɴ۾ֽŲõڴ˼ֱקסʱ֡
ʱ
ʱ
˳ֱ鶯ס֪§ͷļ
ҡΪҲˣûãĽǱ˺ƭ
ʱӲؾ֣ǵԼѹʱʦᱧıҲ˱ԼѹҪЩʲô
ָҪ£ʹ޵˾ͷſ֡
֪˿ͷ˲ᣬǸǸ㲻ϲ˴ġ
ʱ֣Ա¡
ģҳȥҩΪڳط
֪ʱϳҵģ
ؾʱòû˼ʵӣ֪ѿڶʱȷʵһ˲
ҡ֪鿴ʱɫһ죬Ʒת㻽顣
ļȬҲӯ٣ʶ˺¡
ʱһ
ھ֪֮ǧϣ֪Ӻֻ¼ˣҲԴֻ¼ҡ
¼ֻ֪һˣѡ
ʱĶ֪۵ȻЩڡ
磬ַ塣
֪һЦԭĵӡ
ѹֻӷ
Ҳڴ˴ĪҪ˵Ҿʱʱ˵ֲط峤ϣΪ
֪һΪ
û˵֣෴̫ˣΪʲôˣţİǰĽףҲŰټҽ̻ӳõķ̲ġ
Ϊ֣ǿԴ塣
ƾҪѡأ鵽ʹ֪׽֮ǧｹʹ֪ѽڣҲҪƾ٣
㾹Ϊ֪鲻ŵ૳
ѹֽǿᣬһбЩʮ˺޻֮
ʱ˿û֮ĿڶԷе˼
Ƿܲһأ
ǿþˣ֪Ҳ̽ʵ㡭𣿡
ʱʵصͷ
һҲ޷ô˵еȴԽԽԶ
ʱ
Ҳǣⱦ˭ű˰
Ҳɣˡ
֪һЦͷָҳ
ָ̽ڰգС
֮ǲ٣ʾвûҵһ
鶼ѰѵѾˣ
ʱ߬ƣŭûˣûŪ嵱࣬ô
һл
֪飬ʣн
ʱҡͷ
ֹһʱ׼뿪֪ڴ˴úˡ
ʱ֪齫ʣµӶ
ļȬѾòˡ
ʱһӽ
԰ɡ
˵ձš

ٴ̤뽣ʱĵ׵һƬ
İҹǰ߹Ҳһ˲֮䡣
ǰʮŵףÿ̤һױǰḡһõĳԻעйؽȫ
ʱ飬Ҳ߹顣
ǰ齣ˣһߴߴڶ߳֡
ΪǽĹ¶Ȥ
Ժòãϲ
ҰЩ˵òã
˵ҳܺͽ˶Իѵǰܺͽ˵Ƕİ

нѳţҲ߸˵š
ʱ̤һףȥǾʮŵǰֳӰ
ӰУ齣һһߵϣ֮ʦλʦ㡣
ױѪȾ죬нϡ
ʱӰЩڶߡ
ˡ
ɽʧܺ󽣣Ϊ󽣡
ӰеԼе齣ʱиܵķŭɱ⡣
ʹ벻ȫʱҲܼһ㣬Ǵǰڣ
ˣҲֻһֿܡ
󽣱
Σʱûӡ󣬼ǽԷ⣬徻
һʱὣ
£Ҳʦķµļ俪ʼɶˡ
вƱĵֻЩ𣬿ȥЩ谵
ָ̨ܹٿصȼǰЩ
ʱһͣ˿ü
ô⣿
йӰʱЩֱ治١
ǰһûڣ㿴һˡ
ʦ壿
Ķ󣬼ֱֻزҿˡ
ʱü΢ˣ˵أļô
ʦ壬ڻеӣͽ˽޳֪ˡ
һڲ˭Ҫܷ
㣡Ͳװû𣡡汻סЩˣ˵綼ҵĵӣһһʲô𣡡
ʱĿϣʵ󽣣
粻Ѱ
ǡҡͷѰ
ʱʣǿѰˣ
ǰʧ䣺ûС
ٿٿոôû塣ĶδСͽġ
ʦ巽ôƣʱ˵ͱһۡ
͵͵˽ȷʵ̫Ŀŵˡ
ʱǼⲻ˵żһתһĽߡ
̤һٿؾ磬ԭڽеĽԵɵط׷
еĽҲǡ
͵תȥֻٽûɵķܸš
ǷƺΪЩ
ʱֱ΢ȥѰʡ
ֽ̧ȥо֮ڲЩá
ݲò֪˭˶ĽֻǰðٽΧƵ
ʱҲ˵壬ֻýⲻù鵽Լϡ
ǡҲЩ޴룬Щеˡ
ȥɡ
أԵĽĶظλڽڡ
춯С˲ˡ
һ㿴ʱҲԶ֮仹Ÿĳϡ
ӲƵؿʱ
ðԼˡ
һûŵˣôͷ˿붼֪˭ġ
ѡԹȥ췣
ʱֻԼ˵ɻ
ң


30
ѡԿʼ, δŵ߻ס
羳ǧף֮һ߱ͨ
һ¾װ, ˱㱡ɴס
վмۡ
һ˫ǰ˻ΣʱŻ
ִһ, ˹
סˣ
ʱ
һ쳹߿գ߷׷̤ס
϶ٽףҶָ̧յ˵֮ȲϵһĨ졣
֪ʱתߣҶס
ʲôٿ
֮ط, ϻ壬˼, ǷŴ룬һ޹Ϊ, ԡ
ϵ߻߻ֻͣһĨɿ, һ롣
ҶᡰסһֻûһˮеӳźŮ, ӯת˰ٽ, ۿҪǶ
Ī׻ˣ
ʱȫû׻ˣЩһͣͣӵô¡
һ˵Ƕ, ߹֮һ߲ʮ, ϶ֹʮ, ҼҳŮѰֹ߰һʮ, ½Եٽס
׵ǶϢڵڷ贫, ӶҪǶ׵ĵǺηʥ
ֻϧ׹ǵڶǼˣֻܵĴϲܼá
ڶʼʱԼͷ
ûʲôÿġ
շ壬ڹ涨ʱҵϴأÿѰֲͬޡ
ΪߣҪѰǽڽ׵ڵ
̤ɽУʶ˲Ϣ㸲˰ɽͷʶ׼ȷҵ׵λá
жѸ٣ڵ
ʱ仹磬Խɽ֣ҪѰһõط⼸ʶƵƵǸ轣İˣÿһÿһʽΪ
Ҳԡ
շ岢ʲôõطڵˡ
򱱷ԶԶһɽס
Щʱգ˷ˮ֮û뵽һɽѩ
洦
һϲ磬תۼ
廤ɽ˽˲Ϣѿһ϶˽ֿٸԭ
ɽܸܵͬʱĺȴʮָˡ
ųЦ΢ȥɽľװعѩ͸
ɽһ̨ѩδͣڴ˴
ڸ׼ǰȴõĵطˡ
Ȼ߽ѩ֮¿òֻϡóֽϸȳһϢ߹ʮʽĻѩǽ
ŽдܱŴвЩ
ܵбѩĴ̼
˾ƻ
ƲƲ죬
ȥ£Ͼ̨ӾôҲݲˡ
˭֪ձǱ߽һתֱ
˭
ȴ֮ǰһΰӰ
뾱Ƥⲻֺ˳Ž濴ȥΪü۱ƽʱЩ۵ڿԼʱҲްֲЩɡ
ôģʱսֽЩǰ޳Ĳ˲һѪߡ
ʣշδ˴ΪΣ
ÿһ䣬нһ
ʱɻ廤ɽνģ
ͶлɣȻ֮»δ壬Ҳܹס
ͳֳԼ޹ʴ룬ݻɡ
ɽźͻʦǰҲܸ֪ͻȻʵ֡
ϼܽƿЦҲҶʵʵɣѰһõطҵˡ
ôģʱ
ܹӻɽ壬Ƶ壬Ҳֻö壬İǰһöʣһöúùԼ䡣
ңɹġſİ͡
ʱյ˫ߣĽأûнҲУ
˵ôģ
ʵֻ̫Ǿ˿̫ۣһֵָ̧佫вԼĽеż˼ľ롣
ʱû뵽֡
˵ľ䶼ʵϲţΣĨһѾ࣬ıȾѪ
̧ۿüŮˣĵƾЩί
Īͷȥ
ֽʱ˿ˣɶһ˲
޽ȴ˵ţɽδȴţ
һʣʵûЩίЩ̧ӲᣬűûôͲˣ˵ɽҹʱѹûʲô󣬻Ϊʲôû˵Ұء
Ұˣ
Ұ˼۽Ҽģֶ˫ϲѵ۾
룬ѲɻɽҲˣ
ʱĵطųһ鿴õĽǻɽ
ΪϣΪң˫۾޶ʱߵһ̵ŭͺޡ
ʱ˵Ļһ棿
滰Ϊξ䲻ͨ
΢ͻȻЦǱ仰á
ãұ㿴νġ
ʱĽ·˷š
һ˲нѵһأ˫ֱ˶ýʵʵ
ʱ㵵̧ͷתΪա
ʲô
ͼȴûл񾳽粻ѣ䣬ֻʣԪӤڡ
³ϲϡǣһͷһ
˳չʾһûнҲС
ʱŽ½޵齣в
֮УʣԼȲá
ת۱ɽأȴδͣ˾ֱ
δ
ת˸ͷִȥ
δ
ػؼκʱıѿ
ֲⷨ£л˼ȴоһ˫εڴ
ڰͣסתͷΣҿ˵ѣ
ɿҡʱ˲١
񷽲Լһջء
ʱ̧֣һѳɻС
ʱЩѩɢߣһڱ
ǳֵͷ˿Լ齣
û˼ҵĺÿ
δϸǽģϱȥǻɽ
Ҳϡ
⣬ʱΣɽɴССǧСɣؿɹ໥תֻš
ģЩתȻһɽ
˺ȴʮ衣
ʱ
Ҳû
ϸ΢ˡ
ʱʾǰ
һ¡
ָ˵㡣
һѩĻ˳
ʱֽɢ
ˡ
ػ̨ſ̨ʯǽ̳ɵ̨֣
¿ҵĻ
Ӱ̨ͤĽǵϣǰһż
˼ľ벻һָǼɽзѩٿȻϮǹǳ㣬֮Ǹ˵Ĳľ㡣
Ķӿ죬ϡ˵
š


31
ţ
Щӡ, Сݵϰ˵ΪϺžµĺ̡
ΪγҪ֡
ãȻ٣ʱԭҲֻ̽
ŶԷΪѹƷֳʶ̽ʶڡ
ʿʶΪҪ, ˾룬в
һʶڣʱƽ, ʶ˲δ˳ӵط
ʶȴֻһ

Ľ
򽣸ڿգľ
Ľޡ
ʶü, ˾ĻƱѡ
˳ʶ, ʱ⽥
׼ˣȴסȥ
ǼഥѸٷ롣
ʱδüǳ, ƶʱ
̽
۵ײײĻңʱƿ, üһϣϴˡ
ϴ
ԴĦžýΪ̽ʶûڻй
ɫѩؼۡ
й, 絹ˡ
ǸҽҲô˵ʱ, ΪҲ
Ҫһ㣬ڿʱһ˲ļ¶һġ
ôϸϸʱΪȷʵ
ͬĲϲ˿, ͬӵݺ, ˫۾ҲǲҴʲô
ôɵ
Ц
ϷŲҲϴǵƽˡ
, ʱҲ˿, šһ
, Ȼȥˡݱ
ȥɡ
շ·ϣ֮ϵ
Щطĸоȷʵһ֤ʵһˡ
֮УڶӽβʱҲ׶ָǳ̣߽ѷأһˡ
ĳλϼץ
⺢ȥĶˣ
ȻҪͽɹվڣˣ粻ˡ
ʲô޳ϵغ˿ڲ衣
ĳͽɽܵȻ
ҶҲ΢üڶ񣬶Բѡ
ȼҶһߵʾʾ⡣
ӵͷӴ
ȵȣ
ӵӶһ٣бһ¡
ͬʱϯĩλȱλҲˡ
Žֱ߲յƹȥôɣһſɿ˰
ʱȣƫͷһȻԴõ

Ͳˡ
δ죬Ҳڵһͨˡ
ĳϺٺЦԱߵ޳ϡ
㿴㿴
޳ϲ˸۳ԱŲŲ
ֱǳϱԣ֮䣬ѡŵĵӡ
ղʽѡԣŵԳס
ֹްֻܼѰϽ
һԱϽ
õƷ𣬿˱
˵ѹһͷǼԴҲƾ
Ҳֻһƽĳ
ʤ˵
ԳУǰˣ׵Ƕ֮ˣ
Ҳûʲôر롣
գգۣ¥ݶѣкѡ

µӣÿ
泤ϯջЦ˵ʱͬ㻹ͦ񡣡
һʱʱҲ˵¥ݶѣʲôѵġ
Ҳȷʵ˵ѣʱδǶȴҲֻһ
˵䣬Ѿ
ѸͣϾѧƿʽˣˮ
ʱһɨѾ˽
һ֣Ӯˡ
Ľͣȴֻͽ󾢲㡣
ٿܣʵ׼˶Էȱ©֮
ٹУʧ
һС
С㷴ֻӽϡ
Сн׼һУʧ
ʱһڲ衣
ֻءһˤ⣬˾ʤ
Ųյڵʱ΢һĨЦ
Ȼῴ
ǳЦⱻһԵ۵ס
Ӯˣôˣ
ȿȡ
ʱˮǺסƫͷȡ
оʱ䴦λʦ㡣
һϵѰҲǣܿóƽҲùֻȱʵս飬ܽڻͨʱܳٶۡ
⣬һ
һԵ˻ϲ˳ŵֻʮˡ
ѡԿʼŲʮڵɲμӣѡԿף뽣ѡѡʮλһΪʦš
˵꣬Ϸ׷뿪Ҳɢȥ
վڳͷеĽߺһǿ׵ģ
Ǹǳϯĩλ
ĳһѺٺֱЦе㲻˼Ѿͷ
˵̧Աߵ޳ϣҫƵؿ
޳ؿȥͷͿ˰ɣֲǶ˵ġ
˲ʱǰ߹
Ҳ׼뿪⿴ʦţʣ𣿡
ûлӦ
üָմʱϵֱụ́·ŵĲһˣǺ̶꺮
ҩҩ
ʹΪӶŶ
ʱ૵æҩĶ
ʱ˵ѵ̧̧֣ʳָ֮һȦɽ䡣
ɽǰҽɸһƿҩùһΣʮЧ
ɽﲻ࣬ҩƿ·ʮֺϣŲѹ˳
ƿڷڱǼᣬȷȷʵѹƺҩŷĵһιʱ
Ϊôˣ濴ЩԾҴһ۱㿴еҩƿ
ҩƿ
ڲʱӦѪѪã
ţԹȵѪ
ͷǣ
жٸңãʱȥ˷ԹȣõѪ
ѪԲڴ룬˿˳Ŵ롣
ɢȥʱӶȻһܿƵسǰȥ
ۼֿǰһסָסʪա
Ĵܸܵʱ΢Ϣ
Żȥˣ̧һְֻÿˮճķ˿
Ŀ⾲£ü߹¡
֮ǰʱȫһþ͸ʱ͸Ư
Աߴһȡ
ŵЦȽΪ͵ַɡ
ָⱻǵƵջأͷɷ˵ؽ
΢Ҳû˵ʲô˴ȥǰ·
ʱѽʱս䣬ճһƬϼơ
ַĵѾԺӣ·ڡ
ӭϼߣ˶˶
һͷһ˫ۡ
ˣɻܣЦţá
ʱ˶Ҫȴøһƺһ¡



Ƭ̺ĵض𣿡
գգ۲ԣΪʣãΪҪ
ǰЩعͷʱˣ߹ָ
˿ѪѾްˡ
ѪãԭΪһ׼ģܰΪҲҡһ˵š
ˡ
ʱü΢˵
õĲ԰ɡ
òʶ˺ã²ۼŽĻ
ͷȥʱ
Ȼ˱齩Ӳǳ鶯
ĵЩ⣬룬͵Ǳһ֮ˡ


32
Щ춼ʲôЩͷ, ʦⶣҶҪúչʦãһû¾, 
ʱȻѾůֽЩ飬һϻ⼸Ϊ
ƽʱ޲, Ψһбıǡ
̨
ȴɫ΢䣬ֿסʱ
ʦº滺ʱҲȫ
ֻйٶȸЩ
, ˼˵ʦһʶ໤, ʦӦΪ֮ԡ
һʣɳԹʲô
Ȼ֪ʱʳ, ǰȥ˳СݣһЩҲá
ӣ
ʱ˼˵˳, ⼸ΨһڵĶ
ɽ֮ֻĿۣЩҪ³Ѫ˱, ʲô㶼ҳԡ
, ѹİĶԱȻһʰ
ס°ɣ㲻ȥˡ
ʱû, ܲʦʱԼ
ϸϸ, ⺮ؾ뿪ֳ, ҲΪʱӡ
Ҳá
, Ҷ, ϵʱһ̽ȫ
ȷûʲô£°ʲôˣ
ʱʵش𣺡ӡ
һϣӡ
ҶɫʱֻؾĲɽУϴʱʱϲؾ֮
˽ţҶ˼ҲȵҪࣺģ˭ģ
֨ѽһҩ®ľű˴򿪣֪˳
漸ʱɫ΢㶣ƺҲû뵽˲Ҫվš
Ҷʾ⣬˭
ԻûûʦþȻġ
Ҷ
ʲô
֮ˣ֪顣ʱʮɫزϡ
ϣҶעȥ
ĸϣ
ȷʵֹһϼ壬ֻһһᱻ˼סɵ
Ѿ˲²⣬ʱ飬¾֪
˵鲢ûбʮȥҶֵҲ档
ȥ֪֪˫ֽҶ񣺡š
ҶɫҰףƤЩ࣬΢̧֡
ض񡣡
һ⣬ֱ֪
תлλȡ
ŷһѣóġ
ε֪飬Ȼ֪жˣȻδ˸ȴҲǽǶȵʹ̡
֪Ǽһᣬۿʪˣ˫һֱֱع£޼ң˺ƭ޸֮Ψ飬ڴ˹
ʲôҪ
֪УϿұҲ޷
󣬾˵͸
ֻð۲ɾŵøЩﲻˣ㴫֮˵ȫʮȺԻỤ㡣
ʱҲһԹסĸ첲ԴЩɡ
ԴʮţĪҪˣ֪ΪУҶ˵ţóһӶеơ
ͬˣ֪ʱϲӹվ漴ٳ˫ַϡ
лţǡ
ҶɨһƿĿ⣬Ҫס㲻Ϊ顣
̧нҶڰգӸµؿʱѡԹ
⻮˲ϢûӰ
ʱֹҡ
׼û¡
ʦá
ţʶشʱһ̧ۿһЦ滢ʦ㡣
Ц޺úҩˡ
ʱ
ԱûסЦʱĵһۡ
ҩ®ڣ֪ڴϰţʱڴߵĿΣֱ߶һһ޵ĺҩ
һҩƲһٵѡԾãǿҲ޷ǿ˵ĶͲˡ
ʱضҩ룬͵ЦͻȻŵĻᵽԼ
ֻˣμѡԵҲֻһˣ⻰˵ġ
λųϲ죬û˵λ⻰Ǻ⣿
ѵֻǺѣ
Ϸģзִġ
ŵͷǾͺã쿴ֻ㱼ʱΪ˱ԡ
ԸյѡԱˣ֪ѡвŵӲμӣҲͻʼߡҲΪʱҪӮҪľͷСҩ®¶Ҫû½ˡ
תͷһĳ˵ҩ뻹δ۾Ц£ϸôʦҪι𣿡
ʱҡͷۼֿضҩ룬˵һ䣺̡̫
ȡ
תͷͶͬûҩ֪¹Ī
֪ͷ

ʱ̧׵һ٣Ȼһ
һƵذҩ꣬ذҩϣ춼С
йࡣ
ƫƫԱ߻վһ͵Ц
ʱ̧ۣಿ
ŮһЦ٣һ档

ʱҪ
ôСǰҩҪʳΪҲҪЩϵġ
ǳƢһȴƷֿɰȤ󵨵ؽڳϴߣԷ͸ȣתΪŭۼֿڳҪѵʱѸٽι
ι
ѡԣȥϢˣϷģһģ
šѡһ죬ŮҲ⡣
ʱغ棬Ũܿ嵭˿еĿζ
𣿡
ʶҪͷʦϷʵʱŤͷ˳
Ƿ
⡣
ŵЦתְŪҩֲȥˡ

صԺУ˫ֽԺżϤ
ʱΪ
滣Լôá
ƿţܱһϣ졣
ֹصվãһµŮ˶
̡
֣
߹ȥϡ
̣ôˣ
·˴Ҳڣơ˵óһغϵ䡣
֯ɣдһŵ飬Լɼзת
̣ʲôʡ
ԺͲʶˣҲÿѹΪ费ָϸϸǿ飬һ
İ
ձѡԣηηŵش򣬶ϣһ֣Ȼˡ
ˣˣǵѰȥҵ㡣
˵Ӱʼ̓
һɢнʣ紵ҶҲ´ڡ
ͬʱУҶٿۣʶ˲ų硣
ˡ
΢΢üѵŪˣ
ոȷʵһƴй˵ֲ̫׵ΪǸ
ôأǧǰݺƽ٣˵ϢھݵȻ޴棬ʹд˺ǿߣҲһ˷
Ҷ±ֻۣˡ


33
ڶѡԿʼ, ŵӿʼϣǰţоǷҪ뵽ŵ֮ѡԡ
˴ѡǰ, ŵӲû׼ټһܶ˷λ, ŲӲˡ
ŵʲβ룬񾳽Ҳ𵤳ڣ˵ıȽһʱѽ
ǰΪѰԭŵӡ
Ѱ, ֪Ƕ֣ѡҲûٲμӡ
һѡԱʮŵһ
ٵϢ׷׸, ˶ľ֡
ذ·ҺĽʱʣʯдšֵľ, ǿյһƬҲֻŷŵļʯ෴һǶѳСɽ
Ҳ, ˭һֱͬΪ
Ѱ޳£˴βμѡԿ뽣ѡһƷ׸ߵķ
ʦãȻȷʵ׿Խ, ǰ, Ӯˣ㻹ؿǰɡһԵʦȰ
ذҡҡͷӮġ
Կʼ, ͭ
˫ֱشǰλűʦá
Էɽ¼о򵽵ͨʱüë

ӮҲʤ֮䡣
˿ԼеĽ, з, ͦõİ
ȥһѽұԡҲԼԭ, жԷһѺЩĽͲ˵ļơ
۾תһȦ΢΢̧ϯ
ʱǰѽѾ, ͦƯġ
ͷƺĿ⣬ֱߵĽڣڿ֮¡

С
ӽ
̧֣һϽ׷С
Щȵ̨¿ȥذվڵУüۼ䲻ǰյǲĲõЦ
ͣ
Ҳü۶ЦͬʱеĽ
תʦ֣У
еĽĽͬһƷס
ͷ˶
ʽʼ
ȨѸ֮ͣơ
㷴ӭһײʱЦڣֻѧ彣ʽʮʽжʤΣ
ѧʱɱ㳤ƺˡ
̳ʦָ֪һɲʱ䳤̡
ϸЦ⣬Ӧã
ۿĵ˵ʲôֻһй˻Ʊǡ
һϢ֮Уܿʼӳ˪׵֮й
⡭Ҷǵʽˡ
ƽʱģⲻ彣ʽ𣿡
˻ĽʽȻҲܴЧ
԰Ǹ彣ʽѾóˣ
׵Ƕ֮˹Ȼ
ذһͬŵĻû֮ÿһˣõĽʮʽûĽʽУÿһӮƯ
֪ΪʲôᡶѩΪ˽´ڣ֮ӣҲӦá
ذңû
ۿ˪׵֮Ѿӵ˳⣬Ҷ̧һ磬ֹ˵һԹۿĵӡ
ڣϴЦ⣬ʦ׿ԽվЩεѡӮһң
𣬻δʤʦֻ˵ùˡüһѹˮ˲̳ɱ⣬ֱָ
Сˡ
ߣż˲䲻Ӱ׷ա
һ룬˳󣬡ʦòҪСˡ
ϵӳ֣Ķ죬׵һ˲Ϣ
нȻ̳Ʋ֪㻹ڿɢص
µӽǵ˿
Ҫ
ϯϣĳϼþͲվˣɫСͽܻ񰡣
϶㲻һĻʶ𣿡޳Ͻ̨˵һһ
ĳϱôһѣлƵĳ
֮ͬ壬ٿر˪Ӧ֣ϵӡ
İǰѡԣΪҲˣһͬ޿ɱܡ
ĳϺ޳ӣȻתͷһ࣬ϯĩλ
زǱߵߣЦλʦҲˡ
ʱΪȻɺϰˡ
Ŀʼն̨¡
ǧһ֮ʣʤȯգ˭ָ֪֮ͻȻһ˲ֳʮͬ
ã
ȥ˵ķʱӰٿɢ
ٵģ
ʮЦʦֿɷֵ壿
վڳ룬ΧԼߵʮü𣬲õʦ˵ƾʮʽʤʲô
һǰһӳһԭɢһصɨ̨£Ӱ˲䲻ڡ
ʦֿˣ
Ȼ彣ʽƼ򵥣ȴʵʵ׽̫ϽлӰԻ֣Ŀ
Ϊڽһ츳ڿ̫Ըˣ֮дӲȱš
ˡ
ᡰδֳʤ
Ȼսʣ񣺡ʤѷ֣ʦõĽԶ֮ϣʦ֣Ҵ˿Ѿ̨ˡ
ɢȥµһŴ۾
ôҲû뵽ʦ䡣
Ƭ̺󣬰ϡ
ҵʯ
˺Щİ
һܲܲ㰡
Ȼܣذ׬ռװùĹҵġ
һֱԣźݺ̻һʵĴ㣬һҵĵ׼ѹȴû뵽ֳ鵽
ʦţ˵ѡòμӣųҲû˵ʲôµȻҶʡ
ѡԵŵʵԶƽóѡԡ
ֳЩԥ
ǿʦ㣬ӤΪСر𣬸˵
ǹðɡʱԱߵŴ
֪ǰųǱʱٻذ
һЦ⣬شȥӮ̫ɣԵˣⲻų档
ʱ
һϳ
Ҫһܶ½ʮŵΨвЩһӮӮһʣµı㲻ʲô
ŵʦãδӷһȹǹ伯иջ
ЩҲ
΢üʦҪң
Цʦ˵ЦˣԽһҴӲá
ͷʦӡֺһЩ
˫ԽͲá
ʦʦܱʱֻʮʽұҲˣһԣҲ֪ԷǷԼΪѹһͷʹξҲ޼¡
ЦţʦȻҪóұˣ彣ʽɲӮ
Ʋµá

⻰ʲô˼
Щеûģͬʱų̽
һŽʱ˵ǺһʦñԣΪǸͻƾ磬û뵽ԷԼ
ս˽Ҳʮ־񣬲Сʦá
ŶԽ͸òء
̽һּ̧ѩΧƣϢԳ˰ס
ʱǽѩܿ԰ɡ
Ʈѩϣɱ
ȡ¡ۡһƬ
ѩģ
ⷽ壿
羹Ȼô壿Ҿ֪
Ϊϵķͷ㲻֪Ҳ
ڴӲѩΨ塣
ʱҲĴҧ䡣
ѩϵİɣ
š
ˣ
ûС
ƭңûôԽѩ
ʱ˿ɽˡ
ԭû͡
ţ
ƭҵҲôܡ
˵ţͻȻֲһ
Ϊ̫֡
ʱ
ţ
˭˵
һתͷÿŭؿߡ
ʱΪͻʦĴרĲűץ
ʵÿıԣִɽôỵ˴ȥˣʱɣôʱ㶼ȲˣôӿţҲעִ磡
ʱ˵ʲôִ磿עִûִǣ
Թؿ˳һۣʱĥ
ҶҪ˿ˣ
ʱ
ţ۾þһʦúΡ
û
ϯһ϶ʱʼ۱Ǳǹġ
ʲôĿ֮¾Ȼ
ҶЦһ޳ϡ
һ֡˽޳ϣˡ


34
Գ, Ӱ˲һϢ֮˰Угһ, âǰ㻮ǰֱָ
޾ɫ趯, Ȼ㽣Ĺһһ¡
һ˲תΪһ, 糱ˮӿƲɵȥ
ĵһĿɿڴ, дóӰʯ¼
ѵһĳóȥҲֵʯ
ʦˮʵ, ӳһȻѪڵľ˲ɱ, һǰһͬʱӳײ֮·ײ
Ͻݺ, ʱν, οʵ£һԾþδֳʤ¹ۿĵҲʸ߰, ʼָͬΪģ̨ˡ
Ӱһ˲
Цʦ, 㲻˵ʮʽ, ػ, ҿҲûĽа
Ȼʦ㲻Ҳǣ
һ, һη
ôȥҲû˼ʮ֮ڶʤʦΣ
ǱʮС
ͻȻսͣؿŶԷ
ĵӲԣʼһһ
ྲ
ѹɢԳһ˿ڡ
һܱߵѩӳһĽ֮޲һ˪еĽһͬ
̨µɫأͬʱԷҲùԶûƺ
һʮʽţĻᶼûС
ŵĵӡԺʵΪ֮̾
ˮˮȫᣬĽѹ£̨ıţǰı
δͣʢ
ΣȫȻԪӤʵһᵲǰһԾӭ˪һ
˫Ħ䷢
ΧƵոպǿ˲ֹһ㣬ʦ㣬ǲá
Уܸоڿѹԡ
һЦʦòҹĿ࿴
һ֣ã磬һˮΪԼãڿա
ӯɶȴˮβͷޱȡ
һҲ׼˻ᣬֹȥƺĽ޶Խʧ˽ˡ
΢תԼ˽
ûȻԼ½Ҳһ˲
һ˲䣬˵Ľƿһͷ»صС
뽣ͨղٿزϡ棬вĽ̶̰ձܺһȫȻİĽϤ̶ֳ
ذʱҲһƬհס
⽣˭İɵòָĶĶͱɸ֡
޽ǴºһϸսɵؼЩ
ĽȻһæ̬תһ
ˮײ˲ϢӰֱ治塣
ʲ֣ͻȻʽֿʼ
ô£
ɢȥˡ
ϯϣ޳ͻȻֻ⽣ԼЩ졣
ǰɣҲúĶĳҲź˼š
λ֮ϵͻȻڣ⽣кΪ괺ΪƣֻҪһ㽣⡣
˵գֿʱʵ˽ܣ
ʱҲ֪ô£ʣϣûС
Դӽûù괺չ̨Ҳֻǻһ彣ʽ
괺ɱȻأҪıǷ·תġ괺⣬ʹȫȻûС괺֮⣬ֻбĴɱ
ɢڵشߴѪҲһԡ
δͣʣһʽ
ʱɫһæס
ػһܲס
Ҷ̧һ֣һվûʹҲ֮⡣
Ƭ̧ͷȥƺΪͻȻ
ֱʤѷ֣ʤ
ϵĽŶϲʦá
ʦû°ɣǰһѡ
ҡҡͷѪɾԥһ»ǵʦýȻȴ˽⣬Ҫעǡ
Խޱԡ
ΪΣֻҪӵóٶЩ⣬Ľпհ׹ѵû˿⡣
֡
в⡣
⣿Ҳ˵⣬ûҲʲô⡣
Ȼʦ㶼ô˵ˣҲֻӦлʦ㡣
ͷת˱Գ
ѡѽβһǶ֡
ֹԣ
վڴȳУ׿ϯ
ŵĻɻ
Ҷɢ쳹ԳУȻ
ϣѡһλΪʦ뽣󡣡
룬ǽѾȥˡ
ֻʣѡʦˡ
ˣҪѡһλϣ
ҶĻ˵꣬ĳѾʼװѺӣѺ˳
޳бһۣһ
ĳͣǼʣôͽܡ
ǲͽܻ֪أûѡ㡣޳ֱһˮȥ
ĳ۾һɣ϶һѡҡ
ԸΪ¡
ĳϣ
޳ϣǣһѡ㡣
ĳֱվţСѾͷ˵ѡҵģ
˵գתͷŭڵصʱ
˵˲ͽء
Ϊ˴αŶڣһЩ̫õ
ôõĻѡΪϣ𣿡
ǰѡΪϲԻǰ̡
ΪռųϵλãʵµӶ磬²ǿˡ
üת̨¿ȥ
Χһ𣬼ȥԹ͸Ц
⼸֮ǰַ˵ĵģַ屻磬⼸Ȼڡ
ȭͷյÿ֨죬Ȼ⼸˵òסˡ
⼸סʲôлӿڳ
ϷҲ˿ڣȰ˼Ҫٿǿǡ
ֱͦᶨֱֱϯĩλԸ塣
ĳֱ˦ϯ
Ҷߵʱǰҧѡ㣬ˣ
ڲԼԼ͵͵ˡ
ʱ򴽣Ҳͽ
ֻ̲˷һ׿Խĵӡ
ҶһһųȥˣʦҲˣ˵Ͳˣ
ʱ
ʲôϵ
Żһ䣺ӽΪΪ״ӣס塣
һϲ̧񣺡лţ

ϣ;̸ϲ̵ʱ
ʦҵķĶ
ʱƮƮһָ̧ۣűԶһɽͷ
ȥɣ࣬ѡ
գۿʦһȥ𣿡
ʱûӦ³ƺ
̲ŵ岻ãܲúֻסȥɡ
ʦĶͽܾģ̸һţؿڵӽչʦ𣡡
ʱá
Ŷ룬һҩ룬˵ţϼҴڵģݴ𡣡
ʦʮϵǰӹҩתͷ͸ʱ
ʦ𣬺ҩ
ʱ
յͽܰĥ˵


35

, ҡ
šҶ̧ͷԱߵһǵӵͷᣬߵ, ˳Ҳصӡ
ֻʣ֪ˡ
¾֪Ҳԭ򡣡ҶҲһˡ
ҲҪˣ
֪ɻǰʱ, Ҫ˭أ
ҲйһС
֪ΪԼˡ
ҶͷûֻͣǵҪ߱ˡ
֪̯, ƾնֵ˵, Щɫģֽע, š֡
ãԳӲӵ֣븱ɹǻ硣
仰
Ҷһü, 鲻в仰ʲô˼
ɹǣѵ֪֮, й, ȷʵģ塣
дһԣܹǶףȻ޹, ˷Ϊ, ҲܷЩ
Ҷףлˡ
֪ջ, Цſ, Ӧõġ
û, Ҿˡ
ҶͷӦ֪Ҳһ¡
Զ򿪣̧֪ſ
ɽ·ߣһֻˬ⼸ղڴĲɢһɶ
ò˵統ĺõطĶӯ
ɽ·ϲʱɶѵЩӿ֪Ҳ񣬻мѣ·ʪػҪСġ
֪ĸ̫һ۾ܿףߣڵӣǱǿˡ
֪Ҳ΢Ц
ʱϵЦֽȥ
Ȥش壬ժ·߿ʢĲ֪մų¶Ļָ飬糺Ļ֭԰ϸָȾɫ
ذùĻ꽦ŢС
˵˵ˣ
˵˲˵ˣˣ

ҽУ

ƫƧ֪ƫͷȥһƬӲݴû߹ĺۼ
ͣһЩϰǿԵġ
Ѱߣһ˵ıӰŮ米ԣŸľڼϣܺᡣ
˭Ҫǰѽ˵ȥǾͱˡ
֪죬ǰԽŮİڵ֫
ǲ˵
һ̧ͷ߹֪顣
һϲţλʦãȥã˽Źͬţ
˾ѡ˵ǿΪˣʱñױ
һţŲͷ֪΢΢ü
֪飿
֪ͷЦ
Ҫ֪״ĵۿʶ۵˲
浽ð̧еľ
ԱæƲϵǣһ˵£
ݺݵصһۡ
һ룬ͷһ
һᵹȥŵû
ľӵһߣ飬֤ݡ
֣֪ĸ첲߰ɣһȥ
ͬлص֣ʱɹ̫һŪҩֲ
˻ָԱߵļҩ¯ӣʦҩȥˡ
ɵͷʵʵؿʼҩ
һǰ˻ֳľһԵӡ
֪ҡҡͷʱԱߵľ¡
ȥʲôˣ̫ۣʱֵŶǰֻһֻ۾
һЩϵ¡
˸˵仰нõ
ǵӶʱһһ󣬶ʱ˵޳ϴʦȥһ˽á
ʱ۾ʲôˣ
ǵҡҡͷ޳ϲ˵
֪ˣʦ壬Դ˹ȥʱվ
Ӹˡ
·ʱʱЦһ仰ԼߣҪͣ
ʱһ˲䵽ﶥ壬ԴǵҼʦ£Ҫ̣ܽƾҲûס
ôˣɴʲô£һʱᡣ
𣿡̧ͷʣΪ˶ҩ
ʱ
ߣȥء
ʱקڼҩߡ
Ȼ֮ڣǲҪ̫ҡúá
Ž±͸ĳʵʦ𣬴˽
ʱ顣
֮
ҡҡͷá
У顣
ãеӿء
ʱ˹񣺡Ϊϡ
ʱ˵ͷ˽ȥ
һΣǺĿ޺
ҪΪ
ʱһüʵɵˣһ¾Ͳ¸׼ˣ
ӡɲô˳ָʲô
һʣҡͷʦңûС
ʱЦ
쵽ãʱ̧۱㿴ڵϵӣÿ׵ͷ϶ҲЩƤˡ
޳λ˱ʾһԵĽõ׼Ρ
ŵǡ޳Ŀ࣬ɹϺ˽²ŻŶǼص¡
д£
վԱߣЦҴδλʦ֡
һվΪСʹֵһ£ŭţ
û˵Ӳ˻ȥһص˵ѣ
ʦֿ֤ݣЦ۵׺ⰵ
ǹڵϵ¼ӣ޺ȴ飬Ҫ
֤ݡ˰벽ûľӲǣľҲˣ֤ݡ
ҧתͷֳ޳Ϲȥ޳ϣ˵Ķģ
˵ҲģҴδˣһҧ
ʱԱߺŵ͹Ĳ裬̧ͷһۡ
̫ᰡ
Ľÿɲǰ裬˽ûҲܲ
޳üתͷҪڣȴһԵʱϣȻ˵ˣΪδǣ
۾ʦҪ³άˡ
Ҳûôû
ϵ޳ԶʱⷬٶЩãҲֻǲһ۲δֹ
ʱգգ۲ȥ֧ԴҲס޳ϵߡ
ʱ꣬ǶʦЩ𣬵Ľû
ҡ֧֧˵۾Ա߿ȥ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô⻰Ҫ˵ǶԳϲǵַ³
ҡ
԰˵ΪʲôҪǣ۾ЦõòС
п˵һܱɫָŶԷһֶ³
ԱߵѾľƣһۣٷɿԼСˤģʦõ£
ԶԶԣԼˤģ
ˤˤ
𣿡޳Ҳˡ
ҧÿ֨죬ѾѪֻõͷǡ
޳ɫһ͵һ棺֣ģͬţɨݵһ£
ͬţͷԶֹˣ޳Ѿ֪ˡ
õӴȥ۾ȴһֱؿ
ʱлʦ塣
޳ߣƷԲˣԸóͽһ
˽´ͬţٲ˳ͷ𣬲ؾзŹһ¡
ҡ˵ʲôʱһס
ʱҪ໰
лʦ顣
ʦã롣õЧʼ죬Ѿ·ˡ
ʱӻ˻Σʦ𡫡
Ůŵõ֮ԡ
ʱļһֱС
ӳȥ
һ޳ǻҪӡ
鲻Ըر˳ȥ
ʱ޳ЦתҲҪߡ
طŲ
š޳Ͽڽס
˽˽ѡ϶񣬸ոջӵӡ
ΪϣŹҲòˣﲢҲȥؾ󿴿һɡ
ʱ۾΢΢ɴ󣬺ϣɴ˽Ĳ
ʦ壡˵
Ϊϣ롣
ʱ


36
ؾѬ, ڰԷеŹ档
һһ˵Ҳмǧ
һ£ָˡ
緣ӽһء
ëմմīˮ, һ̯һֽϹ
һ˫۾ĳ֣տȥ, ۾ڶֽ֮һ㣬ɫطâ
±ʣٹ, ôֳ°˫۾ӡ
˫۾ʱȴ޴Ѱ
ôһ, ʱ۾Ǻ񣬿ر, ʱµ˫۾Ϊȡ
ϸϸؿţ̲ס̧, ָβδɵīȾǿµһᡣ
ʲô, û
ʶ૵һ仰, ˵Լ
Ϊϣ롣
Ȼæ۾ֽ߬һڰ¡
վ쳤˲ӳ¥Ǳ߿, Ȼʱ
ʦ𣡡ϲ, æӭȥ
ң
ʱʵһ, ֲ˼˵ԼҲǱ, ֻúػһ䣺ˣ
һ, ֹⲻ
һǰһ󱻷ʱࡣ
Ҳǡʱһ
ΪϡؾӶֽīʣЩںδ
ʱһָǵӷ±ֽ뿪ˡ
۾ʱһʦҪҳ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʱһۣ
㳭
Ͽ쳭յĳ꣬ڱҪӺһա
£ʱʸֱӿʼĬд
棬Ͱ͵شչȥſڰϿʱдһһһ
ʦ㶼ǵã
š
ʱ룬ԭǲǵˣõԼдˣǧ˰ٱĿ
ˣǰʦһ𷣳ֺͽһ𷣳
̾˿Ѿдһҳһߡ
һת۾ͱͽ
ллʦ𣡡ϲ̵ؿûһֵֽţ￪ĵҪðݡ
ôʱ䲻ȵģԭѽ
أһա
һ˲
ʱֽ̺ãҵģԼдȥ
գգͼĻðŷӦʦҲˣ
ʱ
ǵ˵
ʦɫÿ˻Լİԡ
΢ЩĬԥһСҪҰд㣿
ͺߺûʲôټϸĴϸķ仰
ûʲôΪûʵԼҲǿϾһʦһͽܡ
׼泭дǰͻȻͶһƬӰ
̧ͷͼʱһհֽţ߻ѵôЩЦͽˡ

죡
˸ʱãֻƵһ¥ȥЩ˼ĻһҪȥôô͵
ôոͽҲ
ʦ𡣡
ʱַһҳţ£
û죬ʱƤ
ѵڵϡ
ϣòҶǺЦ󻹸š
ʱʱżһԶһЩЩǿЦ⣺λʦң
ʲô𣿡Ҷûɫ·ؾ˭֪Ϳôûӣͽܰ㳭дƤҪˣ
ʱͷ˵
ˣ˵䡣һѣߵ԰ҩ¡
Ȼڲؾ󣬵ÿҩ٣Ժһ׼ʱģġ
ʱҧллʦ㡣
Цл
ҩʵ㣬ĳдһԲ顣ҶּϤˣˣС
ʱ֪ˡ
һҪߣǰŻʦҩһҪȡ
˳ͷ
ߺŸոдõŹ棬СʣʦЩ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ʱҩú޲鴤ְͽڳֻÿͣʣҪʲôûŵĻ
ͷЦá
칦дĻãʱдּҲʲҷɡ
෴ԭҪųдѾ˴룬ЩС
ͣ˱ʣ͵͵档
Ů˵ʹü۰۵׵ķ꣬ʱֹʲôԱУӲʲôû
ǰΣ󴦵ĵ鿪ʼȡ
̵һʶƺҪʶ壬סʶ
ָ̧飬룬̸ĶȻá
ֱſϣؿŶ档
ſļµĸоð˳ǿңĿڣãȻؿʱ
ĿϣЩɷ־һƮ
ǵãӦüǵõġ
ǡӦüǵʲô
̣ʶͷȻѹסʹصһִ̧Դһһ¡
ǵʲô
һ˫߬ס󣬶ߴʲôԼ
·ץסˮľתֽץסĨ̧ͷһ˫ۿңҸüʲô
ֱץסʱãֻð
֪üʲôҲ֪˵Щʲô
˭֪ͻȻ˿ͻȻ˹
ˤڵأһ
ʱҵýʵʵһû
Ҳ˫ţ¡
ûƶ

־ûҪˡ
ؾҲһ
ʱŸ󶥣Ƕ϶岻Ļ
Ҳҡ
ҡ
ҡ
ҡ
ֻʣҡ֣βЩǻʱ֮˵Ļ
Ѳɻи˸
Ŷ󰡣Ѿˣ
ôҲûء
ʱڵ϶롣
ֱоϵЩˣʱһѽƵһߡ
ˡһ죬ʲôӲ͵ذײ
վһҵʱýżһʶĳˡ
ʲô治žʦ氡
˻
ʱ൹һ߲λһۡ
ģҪǲǹˡ
˻üʱִ˹ȥûҿ̫
Ĳһֳۡ
ǽۡʱֹһ䣬˳һա
ôҲͽܣܲܲܡ
ʱת˱裬ָ˵㣬Ȼ󵯵ϡ
˷Ǽʱģˮ룬Ҳˮϴһ˲תѡ
ˮͣסʱߣˣ
գգ۾۽ϹŵˮЩʡ
ʦ𡭡
ʦҲʦ𡣡ʱ߻ذǰ
ôҵʦ
ӵĶʣʦôˣ
ˡ
Ŷ
Ϊʲôɵϣ
ѹ
Ŷ
Ȼ֪ʱΪʲôôȥϡ
һʦ֣ҡࣿ
һȥʱڿķ
ѧģŪ㡣ͼ֡
ʱ֮ǰ

Цʦ˵ʲô
ʲôˡ
ʱû˵ڿҿ׼д
ɲһֱؾ
ճĬţֻбʼ⻮ֽŵɳɳһʮֱͦ˵ǽӲ
ôأ
ԥһ£ŵʵһģּ

һī£·Ⱦһźڡ
ʱ̧ͷ˵
ѱһӣλд


37
̨
ſǰɽѩ, ǳһü䣺ڲؾ󣿡
ҶͷŴҪʼˣڲؾҪһЩ, ӦҲį
֪Դϴ͵ܳȥ۾쳤ˡ
˵ձ㿴ɫ˱, ȻӲ˵һ䣺ûС
ЦҲ磬ת˸⣺ȥһҽ, СʦõĶʵڹѱ棬⼸ĵЩ, ֻȥҽȲܵõ𰸡
á
ҽԶʮǰѷȣȥ, ǲһýҶüЩ
ʮǰҽΪʮ֮չԷ, ͣ˵ԩͷծɱסǻ᲻Ὣ޼עΪϡ
, ҪһԡŵĻɽƮԽԽԶ
˹̨һ˵ĶС
,
ʱҩ֪飬һ߷ֳϸ΢ȷҩһߺؿŲؾڵһС
·¥ľ, Ǿų, һ۱Ƽ⾰
桪޲óֻͷд, ˲Ӱ, ʱյƷŲ, ʮܡ

ܸоﲻ̫ԡ
ġΪϣҩߣ֪ͷ˽Ӳ˻ȥ
Կʱһ۾ʱһͿ־塣
֪ҩ£ȥͷ󺹵
ɵʣôһ̶ͣ
ʱĦߴ˼
ҩһࡣ
һߵҪˣҲࡣ
Ҳһ
ʦҩҪȺȡŮߴЦϡ
ǸΪʦĺͽܰ
ʱ̧ۺһ£ҩҲû
ҪĪ
֪鰡Ǵ͸͸
֪鿴һмǽյĴҲþЩƣ߹ȥ򿪡
һ룬Ǽɨҩζ
ɫǰеҩ˲仯촷ɢһɶҩҲ˺ɫ
ǹ𼫵Ц⣬֪ɫת
ʱȵûа顣
ò˾øոֻǴ
㡭
ʱʳִָڣ˵Ŷ
һ롪
Ϊ𣡣
ֲʧѹȸеͻȻըھڡ
ʱͣһ˲佫Ŀⶨ֪ơ
ʦ㣿
ʦ㣬ҵʦ㡣ִ
ʱ
⻰Ŷ졣
СһʱԹãɿͷʦҴˡ
ҵŵҩͷһ
ǡƴһǡ
֪Ȼɡ
֪ʱһͬ˳ҡ
ʦҩҪȺȡ
仰ʱ̧ۿȥز׽Էеϲ
Ц𣿡
̱ҡͷЦ
Ǿ͸Ͻд
ʱҲ˱ʲʱд֣Ϊ֪ٹһҩ˱ضЦ滢ʦš
룬ʱŴǺЦ˽
ʱû̧ͷȴԾض˶
Ŭװ泭дĺģɱʼⲻܿƣֽ
žڰǰվţһҩҩζŨ죬ɵüס˱ӡ
ҩ˰ɡ
ʱ̧ۣһȵӣѽʦôˣ
Ͼˣˡ
ѱʷ¿Ϸ
վҲ˵ҩһţͶ
ʱʤ
˶ţҩҲúȡ
ʱ߶¾룬ˡ
ˣ
δսǿڣǱҩζͳͷʱҪܡ
Цֺõʦ㣬ҩôһ˰
˰ɡ
ڿ˿ڣҿ㲡ˣ΢һ£㳢
΢
ʱҩ룬ƺܴͷһªֶЦ
ģӽԺҲǻʦˡ
ʲôһҩˣܿˣ
ʱסһ¡
ÿ࡭
˶ˣʱסڵסε
ż꣬żЦ⣬һֽӡ
ԺĪҪˣ
ʱͷˡ
ߺʱԶ֡
ЦкԼһѴסװƵعȥ
ʦ𡣡Щ
ʱûչЦЦģָϵֽҰ
Ŀζ˳ź£ĶĶǿģ˵·ְҩºһ顣
ֽ򿪣Ⱥġ
ݹȥ
ӵָͻȻһĨʪ
ⴥʮ档
ɻ󣬱㿴һۡ
ֻһ۱סˡ
Ϊʱûȥӣſ̽⽫ӾߣӰָʪͷָ

ѸٵͷЩ⣬ʪĴָþòɢӵٶҲ
һ


ʮ
һιһԣò⡣
ֱζѹ´룬ʱŷſڵ֣Ҫ˳˳ǰͳһֻ֣ǹǽڷָҪĶ
ͽܡϵ
ʱӹˮš
ʣµȥɣġ
Ҳһ֪⻹⣬ҧǿʱڿеͷҲѧʱŵӽӾ롣
ָʪȴòʡ
žûָо
ӷŴδ
ʦҲȲ衣
ʱհѱвˮҪ˳ֱѱӵ˹ȥԼ
ԼһűںţӿЩ
֪ΪΡ

ҹʱ֣ʱ
ذ˯ƼĽǰѽڰ֮У֡
ʱɻ
ǰǽҲԶЩ
Ľ𣿡
ʣذʶش𣺡ʦҵģǱҵĽ
˵ŷӦո˵˭
ˮԲʵ
˭Σ
ԣ˭Σ
ذ¾裬ʣ˭
ξЦûлش˵Ž˵Ľصס𣿡
ذĬ
ȷʵزסҲӦ֡
Ҳǰ㣬뽣ͨ
⽣İɣ
ǣҵĽذش󺰣ǰץסǰѽ֤ԼĻǽԽԽԶʧˮ֮С
㿴ֻܷӳԭʵϣһ
죡ذŶ䲻ǵȴħŲš
ƿѽɫҿ԰㡣ֻҪͷҾʵ롣
ذ죬ҧǿԼѹ
ξʱܻһģ
оѣذˮ̳㣬İһ˳Ŵߡ
ذ˲ǰĺתͷȥӰ߲Ѿ
£Σǡʲô
ʲôH
ɻ˾ɨ߸ŵĽ
ԥƬ̣̾˿Ž߳š
һԺӱͬʦЦŴкʦã簡
ذ˿˼Ƿ࣬ҲֻͷֽŲƮԶˡ
ߵؾǰͣ
ںĲѽֻ⽣ʦش
⽣
ȷʵزס
һ¾ذؾ


38
ʦ, ۡ
ССͣʲôۣд
ʱָߴš
һ, һԱ߶ѵÿͷߵֽš
ذھǰľôһĻ
֪ڲؾŹ棬û뵽ΪҲڡ
ΪϡòţذصվſڵȻظ

ذ, һµվϲ㡣
ãҡܹ͵Ѿذмǧ顣
Ǻ˰
Ǹ, л˵ذһԱߵΪϡ
ΪڣӵĻҲ˵ˡ
˼, ЩΣҲܳ⾲ҡ
ذľʱ֧ͷ, ڶŰϵľ飬ȴƺʲôҲӲۡ
ذ䴽ҹ˸, ˡ
ʱ̧ͷذʱж˼˼
κ󣬵һ
ذ߹ȥ, ڰǰ¡
΢ָ϶ͷ, ذеһɱϢ룬ܣһ, ԭȵĻҲƽϢȥ
ʱоһ, ̺, ۿץס±ҷʲôҲʣ
ǡ̺شչ, ʦ, ʲô
ǶһζʱҲ˵Ǹʲô
ذڴ˾Ĵһ˵ֿüŹȥ͵

壬ʱжҲЩõû¾ͲԼĶǸǷ㣬̫ܵؽȥĵط
ת˲ĵӸҪ㱻ʱס
첽ߵڣû˾Ϳʼţ
Ҷ㱣ΪԼ̫æˣ˭֪һ̧ۣû
㲻ڲؾܳҶһʱüԡ
ȻͻȥˡʱɫࣺҪ¸֪
ҶǿЦһ·˳˵
졣
ܣǺԥػش
ǰ޲ʱֳһʶУҪ֪뾳ҶȻ֪
ʱӹ⣺ܱܿ編أ
ϵķޣ³ƳûˡҶ˵Ϊ˵죬ˣ
ǵûСʱ˵ذ£ǶаԵúܣҽղذ겻ҲֲӦЩʱˡ
Ҷ˵ַ֮ųʶⶼ鿴һ顣
ʲôҲûУһճ
ʦüȻ˵Ǳ㲻ǹȻڡ
һ⡣
ʱͷҲҾȻȥˡ
תߣһֻŸտż˵˽뿪ңӺա
ʱ͵תͷš
ҶһЦ¹졣

ҡ
ذеĽϣϱֲᣬضҧš
գһۣʲô
ܡ
⻰ԣͱ˵ˡ
׾ʵֽ˻ȥһɢΪˡ
ذͷŽ䲻ôõĽ
Ȼһأذ̧ͷһЦԼ
˭˵䲻ϣƾԼţʺԶǼõģ˵һƷ䣬Ҳá˵ţָһнĽǽһ¡
ջ֣۵׷â
˵СལǽҲˣ
Ľޡ
ôذ˵ҲΪһľ¡
һΣҲǲġ
ǡ
кȻ䣺ѻ١
Ƭ̴ʱذѾ̧ͷĿƵ
һԷƱ
ȼһŻذ˷ܵػѾȲҪȥ䳡ˡ
ս˽֣صسʩ񣺡л
лȻذҲǵΪϵ͵ȴ붨
һ̧۱㿴űŸˣ΢΢üô˵ôĴ
ʦڣ͵һһ
Ҳѧذȶ˫ַϥϡ
ۡ
˯ˡ
ȵʱ۽ǳ˳顣
һ淶ƣ֮䶼
ٿһԴһһ㣬ϻźɵЦ
ߵǰһ򣬺ôԴ
ȥʱðһͷԭѵô˼ѹʦǰԴ
õһ飬˫ͷһ¡
͵أʦϷ
ֻ֪һѹŲԡ
ãذ˿Ҳת˼죬ж붨ۡ
һ˫۾ˮϴ峺ǰδеļᶨͳ
ʱ΢΢죬ôһľ仯ô
ˣֽĿתͽϡ
ܿ仰ıһľ˵˻˵˵ϣҲҪԱϣһػش
ذҲǲɶá
Ϊϡ˵ˡ
ذģ
塣
ʱǷʦĵؽ磬˵ÿ嶼ط峤ϣҲбȥĵӶǳϵͽܣԳϲοҵΣֻ淶ǵоֹ
һЩ״ѧһЩʦŵĶŵѧһȽϹⷺԡ
ǰҲ⣬ڵѧӦ̰̰࣬ʦȴ˵ѧľǾЩҲࡣ
޷֮㲻֮
û뵽ôȥ·Ҷʦʦһ뷨
Ժÿձһ˲ؾ󡣡ʱɽóһõĹҳ÷·һɢˡ
ذһ˫ŽӹҲ̫ˡ
ȥϰķɸǧˮʽʱЦȻֻʽĪҪ١
һоһѾˡ
ܶԷٽжٻֻһС
ذǲεľȡ
ΪǡڽԼ
лΪϣ
ذߺ𣺡ʦ˿ðΰ󰡡
⻰ᣬ
ʱ
ʸһţԽԽҲҪѧ
ѧʲôĶѧʱ̲ؿһۣ˲ؾ󣿻Ų
һϨˡ
ſڰϣϻţ̱˲ҡ
Ҿô㣬˵˭֪
ʱͻȻһ괺㲻һʲô
һ괺
õһУ괺ֻǽû˿⣬óꡮʱһôһУĵĿȫǡ
תǧصĽбȡɱС
ͷʦҲ˵ûн⡣
һֱûУʱ΢죬ôĽж⣬ΪǶԷ˼ˡ
Ͼⶫ͸¶ǽʵԣǧٹ֣Щ˲¶취ڡ
ʱû뵽ûС
ûнģûнȴδûнĽޡ
ԴԽӽսӽһ𣬱н⡣
ʦ𣬺Ϊ⣿˶𣿡ʡ
ǵģ˶УûС
ʱûػҲ֪ôأ˵ʵģɴͲ˵ˡ
û
Ϊʦ顣
ûƲ


39
ڽ, ÿհʱҩʱɫҲҪһǰ˲١
غãʱһ, չܹйͰչ£ֻɹůĴè, ʱʱҪ۾һԱߵˡ
һոһյسдģʱֱּӦ֣ٶҲԽԽˡ
ǾŰپʮŹһֲ˳
ǹ򲻸˰
ΪϣذƾڵƬ
һû
ʱ̧̧, Žŵˣָڴ롣
ꡪ
ذ´, ɵصͷ
ôˣûֽĻ́ͷЦʵ
Ȼذ³ΪŵЩ, ߵİߣ˵ĳ˵ܴ, ұ˴ȡ
ȣбԣ
ʱ䶯Ҳۡ
G㲻֪ذЩɻ
ʦֺʦ㶼ڴУô᲻֪ء
ʮպŴ, ֮ͻиɵӵıԡذ˵˷֪ȿ׵Ľʲô޹鰡ǧǰɾ֮, ɽ۵ؽ˽ΪԴ󽱡
֮һ޺
޹鰡ʱš
ǰѽҲȿ׵Ľ, ֻǵʱ齣, ƷٸٺõĽҲ벻ˡ
˿, ޹ȴԭⲻͻɽ, ˵˻˺һ, ꡣ
İܲμ𣡣Щ
Ŵȣ϶˼
ʱˮڶûء
ʮأһµķڻû𣿡ָʱ䣬úɫһϲǰ촦ͽˣ
ʱ
ŶԼķûա
̫ˣμӵû˵޹ˣ
̫أЩ˼ЦҲ뿴޹鳤ʲôӡ
ʱֱۡ
ʱˣķ˭дء
Ҫǰдٳȥ
ôţʱĴССĻȡ
ôôء

ǵڶա
ʦ𣬽յĳдΪζࣿ㶵ؿֱԺһָߵֽš
ֽˡʱһܷܵɡ

ɵ
죡ҪһΣʦ
Ҳдˣëʱžһϣʼī֭ܡ
ʱü
ͦй
ʦܺ˵ԭɣҿ԰Щдꡣ
йࡣ
ʱ̾˿סذһգ뿪ңŶ෣ա
ҪμӴȣΪʦȱϯ
һ仰ָ忪ˣŽīյֽŰŰӵһߣ˱ʡ
֮ǰȴһ١
ʦ𡣡
ʱӦһţ
һû彣ȻܳԿ
ȥ֮ȥһѡ
һ˵ǵʣڳһЩķӦûò˵ĽⲢʲô⡣
ǽĽ̫ҲϲȥʱԵ˪ѩ
ʱüǵһôݽ
ȥذԸԸѽ㣬á
űӣҲ̫ˡ
һѽŵӣ˵ȥҪЦ
ҲҲУʱƤΣ
˳ŶԷȵߣԼֱߵĽ
һ鿪ڣ붼Ҫ롣
ˣбһţ̬Ȱϡ
Ͳдˡ
ʱ
в
ĵһʱд˰ǰһϡ
۲Ĳ
ɫһˣʱôĽ޲ã͸ˡ
ֱڽҲû˵һ仰
ǰ˵һ䣺ˡ
ûл
ߣ
Ťͷߣһѽһһ¶ˣһš
߳ؾţת̧ͷ¥ȥĴһ죬һӰ
б͵б˵
ʲôʦʲôҲ̣ʹʦ
ͷ̸ˡ
˵߾ߣ
صСԺʰʰﻹ߶߶ģһ˭һѽҵҵĽҪõ濴˭ĸÿ
ͻȻһЦ
һ٣Ϊʱ׷ˣаϲӲҺҵǸҲҪߣ
ҵ˭ˣŮ˵βЩˡ
ʱ
תѹһʧתΪϲ̣
ֵ˵ĶͷʡʡɣƭңΪ˭ˣ
û˭ʰ궫̣ǻȥɡ
ʲôʲôʱȥɡ
ڻߡסƹգ᣺һ
ʲô
Ҫǰ޹齣轫ޱߵ鷢Ƶ
ÿףҡ
û̸ҪʲôֻҪҪͻ
á
ǣ֣ǿһ
ҪģЩӮ㣬һȺӸĶ֣ⲻЩҪ϶ͽⶫ壬ɻϢ֮ǣĪҪժ
ͷŲᵽ޹齣ʱɫб仯ʵ޹齣̺Ҫ
费֮š
ѰǧĶҪ
Ľʡ
ǡ̧Цţϸ΢лôʲôȡǡ
ᣬġ
˳ͷʡ
ȹһ꣬Ϣ뿪
һ룬˵
˵ڵˣô˰
ǰȥ塣
ŶҲǣΪʦˣҲȥ塣
ֺ⳰½ǻ˭
첽߹ȥţȻԺĴСͰ롣
ôˣ
½Ǻһ̽ҲǰУɴȱϯ
ҲǡѵĻ˴룬½һҾЦҶˣĪ֡
½Ҳһ׶һ֣һӣߣԷ
ȥ˳Сݣĺд
ϴʱһסˣؼλˣĺæµ¾͹ȥˡ
СɾҪʲô
Ʋ˶һ飬̳Ӻþơ½ǺؽƷʯһš
óЩˡ
ĺ̽ͰӦãæȥԸ׼ˡ
Ȳ˾ƻҪƣһѵ
½üëһ壬ۣ㲻Ҫա
תͷܺ𣿡
룬ʱ̺ȣÿκϻõЦζӦ
ܺȣ
Ʋ˺ܿ룬;ϰҲһˣһ񽻸
ɾĻҺһЩ˻鷳æˡ
˻ӵɽ½ǺȵÿıӦ˼䡣
һ̳ƻδ룬˾Ѿ˯ˡ
½ﻹžƱȣ
죺
ƣ˵ȵ²ʡػȥ
ĺ̽˷ǮȻ˷
Сܴȥô죬˭ʶ
ܸܲմӲؾֽȥ˰ɡ
ֻ֮óõƣȥ
ʦ壬ƣСݡ
˵꣬ž
ͬʱؾ
ʱڷزյķ
䶣ͣ


40
ʱС, ú
Ŀɨϵľ̳һ̳δ򿪣һ̳ʣһ뻹ࡣ
æ, ʦ塣
һأôŵ㡣
ס
˰, ôƯһ½ͻȻվԱߵһѣ, 
룬ɿҡ½, ǰҪȥקʱЦ˳øƵ, ʲô֣
ʱ
Ʒ߯
סС죬æ, ʦĪ֣ʹ˻ȥˣҪͷչˡ
˵, §ȽŷվֱĴСȥ
ʱ̾˿, £̳δľƣȻԼһ
, ɢ
ָСɵľƱ, оˮһ
Ҫٵһʱ, һ̷ֻȵͻȻ, ˿Ϸؿֱϡ
㡭ãΪʲôҪҵľơã
κ̧ͷ, ȻصصȥͷϷƵҲûۡ
ʱЦһצһһ
հצÿֿʼʵԼ½󣬾ƺӲ϶
ȡ
ʱȥµİ׻һۣ´ֽҵã̲סѵһã
̧ͷͷϻиոտĳһƬӡٺ١
ʱ
һ˵ʲô
ֻûջͱһѱס첲һƬʶʲôʱʱӶȻһɫЩȻ
ſҡ
§̫Ǹطĸ첲̫ö
šͷѺͮͮڱ˳ϣţģģ
ʱ̧죬ҪôȥŲŹġ
Ա߿˿˿̵ڿ˲ࡣ
ǡĺкҪ¥֡
ĺ̼˵¾Цˣ߹ʣкηԸ
ڿпͷ
еġĺ̿Ž첲ֶһ䣺Ҫ׼Ѿ𣿡
ţ鷳ˡ

콫½ǴؿԺʱΪ˲Ҫ鷳һҹѲӺŵˡ
ñ˿̽ҹⲻҪЩ
˽ŵϣȡˮþĺַ졣
롣½ۣʶڳС˲٣ŰԼֲ
šӦš
ƵͻȻֳŴ֧ľ֮ɢ
ͫš
С㻹ǰգֹĲӽ
ŨƲ
ˡ
½üëһ壬룬˵ˣ
˳Ӧǡ
½ЦţֱһסԴѡ
룬ҹ˯ɡ
죺
˻
ƤⱻݼҧţС㲢δƺֻйߡ
ҧתΪʪ˱Ȼɴ۾Ƭ̺æҵؽƿ
ѵ׿ڴأ½۵һüȻ˹ȥ
糺죬Ҳûסڽűߡ
һŻعԼ
ֻ֣
ȥ½ǣñӣڷе˰Ѭ㣬ŹϷȥ
Ƭ̺ʱѾ֧ߣ첽ڡ
ʦ𡣡
ҶҲڵüͻȻһšȾˣصľ
ӽŹ棬ȻңǴ½ϴġ
˵ʱɫ̹Ҷǿ⺢ӳģ֪ѡ
ߣĪҪմȾһЩϰҶ̧߽ͽܵļĿĳʱһ٣Ҳڰա
ʦ𣿡
ƣֱƣ죡ҶͻȻŭָʹĵΨһĵӣ֮Ҫ֮λ˵Ҫʮ꣬Ҳˣȴ̰̫ʧˣ
˵һ˦ӱȥؿȻòᡣ
챻ѵһ㶣ʦδ˵ʧһʣǼصĻˡ
˫һڵϣҧӲŲԼᡣ
ʦ𣬸ʵ˺£
£Լ
Ҷ䣬ǰһˮеӳҰ׵ͷ۾˾ҧۡ
ʦûУ½ƺСҧġ켱Ž͡
Ҷ
ŵɫԽԽڣȵǷµΪʦ㻹Ӵ˿ٴ½ߣʵʵͽ
Ʒӭ۽޲ֱͦһϵİߵҲȥһɶ
һּӵŴȵϡҺúùţ
Ҷ˦ȥһࡣ
سַȥϿʱȴֺȻת˸򡪡ؾ

һ磬ͷѡ
˿ȴɤӸɵøһ۵̲סԡ
Сɾˮ
ӹˮཹེ˼ڣɤӺһЩ˲ſڣлл
ܣַЩİ
ǳСݵĿͷСɾƣƹЪĺ̽ʱĻ֪
лˡŷ۵̫Ѩʵһأ
Ѿȥˡ
ʲôʱˣ
ʱѹһˡ
һææʰһϻ硣
ȥ·ٱɵߣһ·ⲻ˵̸ֵ
Ǻ棬˲ٰȤ¡
ֱһᵽ˵һλ
ܿ˸˵ţʲôΪϡ
ΪΪǲΪ
˵Ϊ𣿡
ʲôˣɽʧܺ繶͵ˡ
ҳһɳϣƤģ浱û˼ǵİǰôϼѵŵӣ̽½ƳǵΪ֣֮Ķޣ
ٿأһƿյĽ˵ˣһΧŵҲ˼ǿվȡ
ǿĽ
˭
û뵽ڶ֡
ɵ˴̫һŵĵӷΣʱˤڵϣڱǶѪ
˼״γķ
ֻǱվһƯŮޣһˬؿߡ
ֵûгȴнΧơ
λѣ֪ΪͻȻˣһ˿ʵ
Ǹո˵˭һһɨ˵ʱ΢ſƺƵЦ⡣
ЦصʱڳҪΪǻʦٰˡ
ġΪ˼Ц˱ĻԱߵ͵һ²ֹס
Ͳɾҳֽѵһ𣿡һڵϷˣǴ˴磬ˡ
ʦã
ԶԶغһ
̧ͷȥ
ʦ㡣һ
˷ʣʲô鷳
ɽ½ӴɽŵӣԶԶͿһµʦúһȺ˶㼱ҴҸϹ
ؽ磬ôڵӱ۸ˡ
Щ˲ʶȴϵյ磬˭Ҳ¡
ûûУʦˡ
ԶԶԣһһ
һȺϹαЦؼææɽˣֳȥ̧Ǹز̫һŵӡ
ԶŵʦãŴἴٿҲȥ׼׼ɣҼǵҲμ˴ȡ
ͷҾȻȥˣʦټ
ס
һһ²
·Ժϸ˾Ƶ½ǡ
Сźƺʲô
߹ȥɶأ
밡ƽʱŵģòӰ½˵ŵͺһһЩ˭ϴôۡ
ѽһ˻ܶ˲ɡ˵ʦˣһûأһڳСݣ̫û˰ɣ
˵ˣҶ֪Լôġ½Ŭ£ӰҲ벻
ʦ㡣
½ͬʱ̧ۿȥ
Ժм·һ
˶ЩС΢΢ףȻƫͷԺп˹
½ǵƢһһµţʲôԶ㣬˱һĺ顣
촹ۣŽˡ


41
ȾˣŸһұ㿪ˡ
ʱ±, ෢󣬡ûС
дõŹöһ̧ͷ, йļţ̵Ľë·һȦӰɼӰµڡ
һɨ۵, ˾ƣ
ʱһ١
ҪﳶѣŪŪҲˣ, ʵʵŽյҩ£ɤ͵͵غ߳һ֣ţ
ʱס, ֻ
һ
ǺȾΪʲôҪ
ڳСݣûͻȻ˲ؾ, ֣˴ͷ󡣡
ŵͷЦɷˣ
ʱû
ŶŲ졣
⵹, ҶؾӦþСʦõģſڲΪΣ
мվͽˣҪ, ǵðҩˡ
˵űˡ
ֹһ, Ŀصӹ
֮С˵ŻС̧̧ȥɹůĳϡ
ʱšһ
ΪŹ棬ھ, ׷Ӱ¡С˵սս, Ϊ, ˵˵, ȸˡ
ʱ
ʦô״أ
׷׷, ǲ뿪Ұɡ
뵽ŴᣬʱҲµλʦ⡣
Ҳǣֳϣǲúá
±ۣʱһбŰȥһء
ֻʣǳƽȵĺ

Ὺʼǰһգŵ˽ѵ룬ҽȱչȶǰ⣬˵ŵŶˡ
ɲͬҲʽȻϴ˸룬ȥε۾ۡ
ذżվ¿ŲԶɫɫˡ
Ǵǻһĸţôһͷ۾ˡ
ذľæקקӣС̫һŵģڵӽǽޣ͡
Ŷ̫һŵİѹֿŲ˳ۡͣɽ±Ĳ̫һŵĵӡ
˵ڣǱ߼̫һŵĵѾ˹
ȻѾˡ
ʦкţͷĵѾ˹ڡ
ʦ㱻ȥ˲ؾŵӷҲûü죬ʱһĺ£̫һŵĵӲûпӡ
һ˳ǹ½Ƶߵ̫һŵǰ
õģﰡ
ͷӼˣҲ˼֣в½磬ܰɣ
½ͬصͷ˵öԡ
󻰷һתҲ֪簡һȺΧ˼ŵӣ𣿡
ŵӣȻţ
ʦΨһ״ӣҵĻĪʦֿˣ
Īعͷ죬ɫ˱䡣
һ½Ƿ˸ۣǹߵǼ˹ˣĶ
ڵӣЩò˵ҲҪĪһִ̧̧˺ˡ
ʦ㣡ذæ̨ס
Цһͷʣյˣ
ذ΢еĽø
лʦ㣡
ġ˵ţµȴԱߵˡ
ΧһȺˣ½ǸоӣüԶ˶ѿȥء
Ҳûˡ
ԶˣһֱѰš
Сһֱˡ
쿴ıӰ´
ջߣͬذ˵һЩĻȻżһת½෴ķߡ
󿴿ҿ
֣úõġ

һ磬Ὺʼ
ذȥ˱ƣתȥһĽ
ʱַһĽƷʲߣƽϰнʽҲ㹻ˡ
Ĳһ𣿡ذֵҵĽ
ʣأ
ôأֲͬʱϳңٸ㡣ذû⡣
̾˿˵Ľ߰ɡ
ذ״Ҳ˵ЩʲôֻǾﲻһƽƽĽҲ䡣
ԣ䡣
佣
֪ذиߴ˲ֹһ㡣
˵˴ֳ֪̱ˣΪѹıͻȻǰѾʼǩˡ
һֱŰټǰеӿʼҲ硢̫̽һšƳǺͲ׺֮ʮӣʮгǩԡ
ȿҲʮѡ
Աߣʵ鵽ͬŵأҲҪ򣿡
صȻͬţҪ̭һˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ֹ̨꣬ϸӵѾ˽Ҫ̨ˡ
ԡ
һ⣬һ
ذ

ذ
죺
վ̨ϣذЦŵ㿴ⲻͬʱˣ
ذĽһ㶼ûס
򲻹
Ҹоֱˡ
ʦģҲʮ
û˵꣬ХذӰѽǰٶȱһǰࡣ
ð
νʣʴӭĽΡ
ذɫ棬۾ŶԷս֣ҪǰԼܹ߳һ
˵ıһ֡
绹˲űʵĵӣҶŲصÿߵĿ̨ϣһЦ¿ʱЩ֮⡣
˱̫һţĪ
Ī˵ˣһǰŵµӣѡѡҶƤЦⲻЦػš
˭֪ϰ̫һΪף̫һֳȽϣһϺõĵӱ޲ôĵͲվºˡ
Ҷ˼ʵĵӶ֪ѡ̫һš
Īɫ±ȥ
̨£ذĽһһʹٶȽȣվġ
ûºУذĶڴʱܹԼĲȱ
ذԭֻע±ԣɵĽһջȥʱŻȻ׶Էͼ
̨һйذȻͷԲеˡ
п˿ˣʤ
ص̨£ԽΧվΧ۵ĵʱһ㶡
ոһӰϤ
ѵʱˣ
̧ҪǱߣȴס
ڼ䲻߶
ֻذһ־ͱ̭ϲ޾ɥ֮⣬ʮּ˷ܣڽδʣһԵѲź֪
ò
ذΪǶ˵ģû뵽һ̧ͷʦԼ
Цһ£Ȼعͷרעϵıˡ
ذоĶҪˣ˼ԴҲκġ
ʦˡ
һˡ
̽½ǶԲ׺֮۫
̨ϣ½ǵڶԷϣһ̬ɢַ
۫ޱ˿ԼĿ裬ʲô˼
̽Σע°ܽ
ǲ׺֮ûô˶ˮƽ½ǿ̨²׺֮ڵλãʵأ
˵ʵڲ׺Ҳõó֣û
۫͵аЦš
ˡ
˵ӳһֱѨ
Ե㵽ΪֹȻ˲ûа⻰
½ǣǹֱԷǰ
ԸˣǱȻҪ֮֮
ǹڳԶ
۫˿Ҳһæ
߹ʮУ㡭Сһü֮䲻֮⣬Ŷ̧°͡
С


42
˵ʲô۫ڱŭ, еĽһʱ·ǽޣһҿ
Žȴʹŵ, ͳ
ϣҼǵλĵӣĪҶǳƿתͷȥ׺֮Ĵ, ŰټҹٵĴᣬô
ƤЦⲻЦؿĪ²ˣ˽Ҳǲ׺
ŶԡĪЦ, ζˣǶ
һֱҧü, ʮֿ⡣
Ŀ͸Щ䣬ȻЦһ, תͷ̨û˵
û˴ĪҲûȤ
̨½ǹǹŻ, Ƶý۫޷֮
Դϴ縺˶Ӻ½ǱŰ뵽ڷ˲ֹһ, Ҳǰһʱ
èץż, ضŪϷˣֱĥ
ͬͶֱԣһָ, ½衣
۫Ŷ㵽̨, ͵ػͷ, 㱻½һؿˤ̨¡
˵ˡ½ü, һһ, У
˵ղȲһԾ±̨պǰ°ͣƣ鵽ҡ
ףʮȴּĮ
̨ϵҶӹһۣ̬Ⱥ⡣
Сҡڵػص̽ӵĵؽ硣
ıԴʶһЩˣв׺֮ĵϳΪƵҾβֱһձԽ׺ʮӽʣδϳ
׺֮ȻλУʵԶԶֹˣһʤ
۴ӵĽһ²ؼӣʮµҶҪص²衣
˵һ̵棬ϵĿԺ˲ֹһ㣬֮ıǲ׺ˡ
ز׺ĿɶµӰҲûֳʧ񡣡
ǡû˵𣿡
˵ʲô
׺֮ǰʱ䴳ʮλ췭ظ˵ĳҲˡ
;˵ɣô֪ο׺ʲôطĴţʮͨҲ˵־ְɡ
˵Ҳǣҥ԰ɡ
Щ˲Ҳĥ¡
Щ׺ĵȷʵʵãǸӽ۫涼õóֵġ
ؾʱҲϣΪһЩǿ
ôҪĴֻһϴµ׺ʲôʲô£
лʱյʱҲһЩ˵Ų׺¡
ѵʱ׺Ѿˣ
Щͷۣǰߡ
ʦãؾѾýˡӭ鼮ʦ㣬ѡ

ûȥؾȥؾ

žડ
ƺʲôڴϣʱǱ߿ȥ
Ĵֽ͸һģӰ
ſڴϣΪİҲû򿪡
ʱ
߹ȥ򿪰ȴ
ʲô
ڴϣԼЦҲЦƢҲͶ
´Ӵȥ᲻صײʱһ¡
ǻһĺ
ʱ
Ѵغãʱָ磬ڱ΢⡣
ʦ˵ȱϯҵıԣǽȥ𣿡
δγȥʱذǰǰڷһ顣
ʣʼ۾˵Ϲ
ˡ
˴ú޻֮
Ϊ޽
ʱ
Ҫۿ˶Էǫָ̂ذģЩЩƭԡ
ʦţߵǰ˫ֳ温
Ϊβţ㿴ˣ
ķ˿£ʱҳָ䡣
ְڵ˰ҳֵĳÿʱڣûҲ䡣
̧ͷӡ
ڵͫ޷沨Ҳûľ뷺
ȱ۵ķɽóСƹ񽻴Ļ
ŵĻƹһЩ
ǺͻȻͶһʯӣһȦȦơ
ʱ飬ӹ򿪡
Ƴ鼮棺ֽߵڽ
⡭
İԼ˽¡
жʱһ۵Ĺɢһɶ̲ס𴽽ǡ
񱻴򿪣滭һɡŮˣŮ˵ٲڣһֻѵӻŮҲƽһɲ̬
ǡţԴչȥ
ʱŻȫİ˲ȷϡ
ʱĺƵúܺãҲٳЩƬΡ
ָηֱ⻭ϵ˵ǲš
ʱŻ񣬲ûвǻһ⣬˲ټ
ʦҰдյķұԺòã־ס½ǣȻ˻Ρ
ʱߣôŹ棬ˣ׷죿
֮ǰҶдȥұ𣿡
ʲôÿģ䣿ʱ˶ְ½ǳ
ʱ䲻ˣˡ
ƲƲ죬վתֱʱߡ
̫ԶˣûнۡŲߡ
ʱ
ʦҲ봩ӷͻȻÿҲϲ
Թ󣬾ʦĵӷˣصһҪ
ʱĵӷأ
ء
ɽóӷȻͿʼԼѵֻʣһ¡
·ʲôʱüֱסҪ֡
㿴գ۾Աһô֪ӷÿء
ؾֲ
ʱ
Ź浹Ǽǵˡ
תָ΢ٿһϨһƬڡ
ɡ
ڰдЦϷʵ𣺡ʦҶŮӣرܿ
໰
źڻ·Ȼ½ϡ
ʦ𣬻ˡ
ʱת̧һ
ӷǡĿ

Թ߹ȥ
ʱ̧£ϵ´ֽá
·á
ſŪЦһδ
ʱߣƭ˭أؾʱʹʲôһΡ
ϵɫһְڴʱֻŵıʵȤ
·ǰתת
㿴ǲûиոյĺÿ
ʱ̧Ӹһƿ
ӹʵʲô
ӷ⣬ǳˮݵ֭ҺȾɫ
ͷȻֱӽƿҺһԶ·ϡ
׵ĵӷ˲糺죬촦Ҷ꼻ӡҲȾ˺ɫԭ߽Ļġ
ʱ
궼ûô
𣬲Ҫ˵Ҹġ

գȳϡ
ƳǵĽܡ
һ糺ϳ
̨ϵҶĬĬҧҧʱһʡ
Ըĵӷ£Ҳֻ
ŰǰѡԵһǸŵĵӣƳͻȻڡ
ҶӦǡ
һĨЦɻǸһޡ
ҶţСӰں£
ϴЦ⣬˵Ļȴǲż̡
һΪϲʲôܣΪ˭̨ϵļ˴֪⼸Ҳ
⻰һҲſ˹
Ϊϣδɾˡ
İǰһ£֮Բѣ̽ٸ½Ҳ
ˣٳδ㡣
Ҷöڣֱӽϣ˵ǰΪ£ˡ¹ªţΪǺˣ


43
νΪ, İǰġĪһͼӴףͼ
˴ŴᣬΪ˴ʮ, ôλݵ֮£Ҷߴϣ˭Ҳûɫ, ǹİ꣬ҲǾ仰
һԼɫһ䣬İǰһ¹̽ƳΪ׵ʮ, ʱŷҪ˵Ϊ
ʱ, һֳֽɽ£ֻҪ, ȴ¹
ʱķǾݳؾΨһĴԲʮŵųҲû, ȻҲûҪˡ
ѹЩͷϾþòɢİҲˡ
ҲУ̧Żȥʮꡣ
ϥǵ߬, һЦ, λЩʱգôˣ
˵һսһǧˣԺȴδǰ, ¶ҶӦ, ڲúλ
в˲², ǲҲһսи
ֻǡѾˡ
ҥԷ׷, һʵ֤, ҲδӦЩ
ҶƳһۣЦʦѱչأôҪݼ
Ų裬صȻˣȻҪݼǰڱչأǱ㲻ˡ
˵䣬̨ȻֳʤƳǵӱȭһȳһյ̨
ӣʤ
̨µ½ĬһЦ̨صԼλϡ
󿴣ĿһȺʲô
ɨ飬ʧת˻ȥ
û
һˡ
̫һŵӷԡ
ˡ
һ˴ϲеĻֱӷ̨̨²μӱԵĸŵӣĿϡ
̫ˣҾվ⣬ǿһһҲһϡ
㣡
̨Ȼ궯
ⲻϹذɣ
ǰҲ̫ˣ
ҵӷ׷׿ߴĿ̨ҪЩ𸴡
ĪµĵӣҶʱѡ
ǰĪƺܣЦ£ҶŵʦõɱҲݵúܡ
֮⣬˻أ̫һžͲˣ
Ҷҧʱһʡ
̨µӼ˳棬ҲͷλĬ˵ɡ
㣡
½żһԾϡ
̨Ϸδʣֱ̧ӳһԵǿᣬؼ䣬Ʋɵ֮
½ɫȻһ䣬ǹǰһ
ֻŶ̨ߣСؿһ¡
һ˺Щ֮⣬ǿиɡ
һ㲻ˡƺƶһ㣬Ҳûָ
½ǺЦһѳǹһ飬ȼǹгƶϡ
һǹҲ㲻ˡ
һ룬ȵȵǵأڿлһߡ
ͫʵӳξ޴Ļڶˡ
̽ǹĻ򻹲
ֻ̧̨֣Ͼ絹࣬Ļ澹ֱֱر˻ȥ
ֻһ
½ǱԼӳؿۣͷǲսǹҪϡ
һɼǿķֱӽƷɣھã½˲׹Ҫʲô
ʲôʽԷֻһδʣԼҪô˵ʵʵڵˤ̨¡
԰Լ
ˣ磡
Сҧҧˣûˣˣͷϡ
ȶãۿҪˤ̨£½ǲͼȫǿƿΧƵľ硣
ֻôȻɡ
ͷðͷ෽ͻһˮǣŷС㶯һͣһ˲һϤΧƣҲһֻ֡
롭
½ǻعͷϵľϲ_һµȻ޴档
ûأһѽƿ˶
£
ʦ㣬㲻лҲˣô˵һԵΪ첻ƽ
½ͣȣҲȣҲȵվ⣡
˵գʮĵط

㣡ֱվ
һҡҡͷ
С˻ȥ
㣡̨ϵķֱָ
ԥһ£ҪҪȥԶ½˵̵ģƣʦľֻţ
ת̨
ӣ죬ͽ̡
̨ϵҶ۾΢Удɰײ߳ϸ΢ơ
ĺðײ˾ôˡ

ôˣؿͻȻԼߵ½ǡ
С磬Ȼ֮ͥӶ
½һüôʲô
ȻҪȥǧȥ
ΪΣЩʡ
½Ǵչȥҧ˾Բֻ̫һŵӣؾ
ʱһҺͽˣһʮ㣬һˣ
һɡ̫һŷ½ɡط
˵н֮ȴҲˣֻͻƴںһ˹άĳƺˡ
⼸仰÷˼
һĽɣװС̨۸󱲡
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣƤ߯
ɵӲ£̨ϵļλҲͬɫ졣
ĪⰡҶȻ⡣
ĪЦʼװɵ㶣Ҷ⻰˵ģôأ
ҶЦ̨ϵĵӣΪɲֹɡ
Ī˿ڲ裬ζŵѵֻţ
һԼҲûв廰˼
طⷬٶҪʲôԶİǰͬΪţȴΪѹһͷһҪôõĻᣬŹ
ָ̨ҲΪ
̽Ƴд⣬طΪڴⳡ½Ȼֵü
˱ͽһư˭ҲûĪͷط
Ҷɫ豭淢һ졣
Űټҹٴᣬλ˼񶼲ڴ˰
ڿ˿ڣδʼʮһ£Ҳ١
Ҷߣӵʱڼָ֣ƣŴȥ
ȥң

յŷæҸϡ
֪飬ҩ㿴Щһʱȥؾ󡣡
á
֪ȣԶȥ
ִҩá
Ȼȥ
ȵŵ˾ңѾûˡ
һߴȳϣǽδʱ㽫̨¡
̨ĵӣҲͬһܡ
ķˣֱ֣ǿӲؽק
קȥ˲䣬ﱻһѽ

վȽţûü˭һӭòνԶԡ
⣬ֱŽ㱾˽һĸо
ǽ
˪ѩٿɢҫ۰׹⣬Žһݣһ㽫ǽһΪ
ãطеĽϵıЩ仯۵¶ڴ
ȻαװϵóΪ齣
Ȼͽܡ
̧֣Խԣͽ̡
̨޷𣬾Ʈѩһʱ֮ѩɫɢΡ
̨¡
½㶵ؿͻȻֵˣӦʵ㲻ݾ𣿣
˵գ۾תתϻȻ򣺡Ȼɢޣӣ
ʱ
Ͳ壬ֻõͷ
ԡ
֪֪ԺȥԹȸʲôƹӣ㻹һڳˣİ㵱ѣúøһ¡½һ˵ֵ꣬֪ô
ʱ
С㲻һûС
ʱˡ


44
, ԼĽáطü۵ʹԼ彣ײĳ߹Ц
ֱЦ
޵Ľô㽻֮֡
ɫһ䣬ǰװС̨, ˷ΪǴȥЦ
죡
ط͵һ, Գпֱöֽվס
̨н֣ŵֻ̨ϵֻһɫ˼, ˡ
ⲻ۸½Ǻ޲ڣ¶Է̫, ֻܱĥơ
ͷţһתͷԱߵʱڷ, ɫ̨ϵҪÿ
ƺ˶½æι, ôˣ
ʱ͵ػŴҡͷû¡
ôָ, ܸоۡ
˳Ľë, еʹڡ
ƫƫԱߵĴС㻹ੲݵ˵ţ˵ѽﵱʡ
ʱ
һʹˡ
ոҲ, 齣ʱ, ΢, 㡣
ǵ, ˡ
Դʦ㽫ý, նϸãѰ˿ҲС
ɲôע룬ǽҲȫȻûзӦ
ʱﲻԸϣʵǰĽ㲹áҲ׳˰ѡ
ֻΪ齣鲻ڣ£⽣ȴС˹
Ҳ޷Щʲô˵Լ
齣
뵽⣬ʱ͵͵Ц˳
ЦЦ
δȴ
δţݵһ˵Ľ
֮˲ȴ˸˱ˡ
㡭û°ɣ½Ա߿͵͵Цͣβű죬΢
еĲǺ𣬶ˣô÷ġСһʱ֮Щ޴룬ûҩ
˵׼ȥԼҵҽʦ
ʱסһֻ棬û¡
½ǼôˣҲָ糣
̨ϵβãѾѪ½ȴ޷ʱʱ̹̿עǱߣҲ̫á
Сｹһ̨ʲôʧһ͵͵۲ʱǲֶ
ôػؿţ۾Щۡ
̧࣬Աߴһû£㲻á
С𴩣Сغһͷƫȥ˭ˣ飡
ʱ
˽ƢʱҲû˵̨ϷطĽнʽ΢ۡ
ô궼û䣬ϧװСԣ̨ÿӶԼһ֮¡
ܵɡ
İٶϡ
ʱһ٣ĬĬĻ˻ȥ
Ҳİ꣬ô˵
İһȺʮСòҪ

湻ˣҲ˰ɡط˵սнƶȻһ䣬ֱڡ
ͲţͽǣΪӲܣΪ塣
Ųİص׷ʲôֻΪһ¡
Ӯ
ҪӮΪ֤ԼǽһΨһš
΢תĿеĽϣطһΪĶԽ
ԶԶΪ״˶پã߹ٽУֻǵԷ˽緢˾ӸµؿԼüۼ価ǵ⣬˵
Ӯˡ
һ֡˵öɰ
δӮΪδ
Ҳ˷طЩħÿÿչؽҪͷ˾겻ɢһǰ
һֱظǾ仰
Ӯˡ
Ӯˡ
Ӯˡ

ͫһ֮ɫطһתȥˡ
⽣ΪҲҪҲڵϷζ
ɫһݣתߣȴһɼǿá
ǽȻҪ֡
ֵûʲôҪʱĽˣԺԼûʲôɫ
ôţڽɨʱսͻȻһɣֱֱ׹¡
ط΢㶣һ˲
ӭ޿ɱܣֻͻȻʧش࣬ĵʹ̼Ŵޱѡ
ͬһʱ̣׹ĳż΢ٴλصС
ʺѪ˳ϸָµ䣬γϸĺʪһƬ
ֽˣٳһ˲ֻǶҪ
ǷֶҪˣ½̨̲ס˳϶Ҫ
ʱһҲɫһĬɵӡ
˽Σαط֣֪֪޵ֺҪ
̨ͷ۵߳һϸԴЦ⣬̧֣ⶼڻΡ
ⲻҵĽǵˣҪƢˡ
޴طһҲֵһֻ
ոһҪƵöԷԱûСϧֽҲԸ½
Ȼֵá˵棬ңԲܹһֻΣһһֻء
˵̧̧ս֣ʮ⣬ֽѶϵӡ
طϤУ͸ܿһˡ
ͺһ治ʦͽ
ķĵжһģһ
Ҿٷһֻ֡
ŷУطӰ˲˹ȥƿһը졣
ʹȴȻӦ֣üѹ˼֣·ѩӳİѩɡ
Ȼó˲ΪԶ֮ϡ
ֻڱʱôԸο
Ҫ޹齣̨޹鲻˵ˡ
ΣҲܰ֡
ʧֻ֣жв㣬ԶԷƵʽͻȻۡ
ʶ֮ڣڣ£һӰһӰС
Ӱһһʽ˿̨ϵķط޶£
İˣƺҵԷ֮跴
̧֣Ű˵Ķߡ
ۣȴ˿Ӱ죬ǰǿ
ⲻܡطü
ѩ괺ΪԴ׽ͬΪϣ˼ѧᡣ
Сǲ򵥰
ٸЩʱգ¾ݽһ˾Ҫˡ
ǰȲΪѵԺҪͽѹһͷ
ԹطҲαװװĽƱƿʿѹǵأĿֻ̨ϣ̨µɼҵֻĿۣһӲѹͷ
϶ڲװˡ½ҧһһѪ˳ɫҰס
ôҾҪ˵ϲĲҪȿȡ
ʱ̧ιһŵҩ˵ˡ
طħļȻѾɱġ
֣ͣ߿̨ϣҶɫվ
̨ϵĽ˿̲ܳطΪǴˣйһԵڶӿ¶ܲס
ӦҲ뿴Լҵְ֮ɡҶԼ˿ڣȻĿؿĪĪ㵱治ܣ
Ī˱̨һۣЩ޿κεҶţҲ֪ҹܲ˰
ǾͰڵӴԶЩҶ
طͻ䣬Ʋ֮׵̨֮µĵӱѹѹ̧ͷҲȻ֪ѾԼܴĵطԼҸȺȥ
ǧͬʱڿУԻ᳡Ϊɢ
֣Ҳ
ӣǰ½Ǳ߿һۣ½ߣŷ
ſңѣ½ǲԸߣͼ֡
ߣ
½ǱǿӲߣ·ʱһѡ
ʲôأ߰ôҪ𣡣
ϱקƵ
С㴹һֻʣһƬӣпƽʲô
ȵ̧ۣŵѾһ㲻ˡ
ϢĹ򣬴ȳֻʣȼˡ
ҶҪֳ̧̨Ͻ磬ͻȻιӰ
ͬʱߴżеʦòˣ
ͫ͵ؿԳϣԭ˵ĳд˿ֶһˡ
Ϊ˭
̨ϡ
طնԷƵóѩˣȻ׽ʽȫνУóЧҲǲײ࣡
ŶԷΪĽΪĽУֻ¶ӱֲһô
ںΪһ㡣
۾ѪطЦţִֺͷ񣬽Ʈϻһһۡ
һһֽϡ
죬һҪΪĽ
Ѿ׽ǰ˵⼸޲ýˡ
Ѿ֪ϵж˿Ѫֻûʪģܲ
ΪʲôΪʲôС
ʶڰ˵ĽģΪʲôʹѩôࡣ
ҧӲ̧֣Ϊע뽣ʶҲֳȥһЩ
ʱ˵һһ㹻ˡ
Ͷһ
̨ˮ˲ϢᣬŽһʹһС괺
ûнΣֻҪվ̨ʹܾˣҲ壡
һ
ӿǰһƬֹ
ȫʧŽһֽڻŻϥǹȥ
ʶɢǰһ˱ڻǼϤ㡣
Ǻ˿ѪѵЦ
ģĽúõء


45
ҡӮ˰ɡ
ĻŲȷ, ֻͫҰ֮ɫȻǿǰˡ
нߣץס, 
Ӯˡ
Ѿǿ֮ĩȴҪǿҪĴ𰸲ſϰݡ
ʱ֣, Ƴվŵһˡ
ţӮˡ
һӮ
ԣЦˣȻӵʱС
ʱ, ùߵѪޱҵͷ, ȻڵϣŻվ
ô۸С, ط½֮Ҳ䣿
ط, Ҳˣİ, Ϊ㹻˰ɣ

նҪ½֮ܣ
İѹ, ΪΪӦǻԲһֻǸԪӤ
ΪԶա
ѲֻǱαװ
ط», Ŀʱ, ĵѾȷ
Ǽٵ, ΪȻҲΪ, ϳ
Ϊ, 㵱ɽƾδɣ˸ҲֻԪӤ硣
뷨һϢ䶨طն
طɣȻⲻҪضɽҡ⴦Ҫˡʱһָ˸λã罧Σ
罧羳ڣŵ᫣޷Уʮߣұʪ޷ϣö֮˽֮ء
طüĪˣңǵطܶԽ
ɽ֮䣬Խ֮ʱ˼ұڣвᱻʯ
ʱ̧еĽü½ɲң
طۣսǵкβҡ
ɲҪӰ
Խһ£˵ʱֽӡ·֣˲Ϣʧԭء
طҲȥ

罧УӰ˲Ϣһ֮бըһ죬ʯ𶯣ʯ׷¡
̵ཻһطδȫΪִֹЦôˣһˣòˣ
ô齣Ȼʧɫطйע˵ûУ⽣Сͽܣ

ʱŴѪͣӿԱӲѹȥ
̧ۣŶԷ۵ɺ죬͵ֻ̧ӳƷ硣
һڷطȴǲʹһɨйʯɳɱէ֡
ط˾ݿطеٮٮߣֽط뽣ϣÿһλӽܶЮŷУɹأԽ
罧ףʯ紵Уұײ
ʱӰȣĽдţʯڣѲ֡
ΪطڰУ۾Ѫֻ𣡣
ʱֲ̧Ѫʯڵȥ
طѾ߻ħļҸῴϵʲô
˵طС˵㰮ǳЩЩڶԽ֮ϣʱҲֱοΪԽԽҪҪʿȹ̣ȻڣȻô׵߻ħ
ǡ˹ա
յôʿ߻ħҪܿߣ֪ħڡ
˵Ϊʲô
Ҫطѹ֪
ʱУ˫ַٽӡ罫罧֣ɫĻС
ĳ˺󻬣ʱϢա
ֻǶԽֻԪӤΪϴڵķطʤ㣬ԷĶɱģͬסһ֮
ǾĲࡣ
ʱӰˣʯ֮䣬ĿڷطѰš
ΪطϷ겻ͣԽͶԽЩɣǷ𣡣
ƣȥ
飬ָʯѰһѽټ
ഥϸ΢죬ط˲ǰֻѽԼڴ򶷽֡
ǡ
طһЦ̧֡
ء
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һԭɽˮĵط㱻޶ĿȫǣֻʣЩɽҾʯ
طӿΨһ֮
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ٲذط̧𽣣ĽҴ򡣡
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ΪٸһЩеûģҪľͲֻǼ򵥵ĶԽ
ɺ˸طʱȫûʶԼ״ֻһ¡
ΪԽ
Ľ
Ӯ
áʱӦ´ڷطҴ
취õǶҸ
ط¾硪
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طҧôˣ
ڿǴڵķ½ɰҵΪûôߣôԽҲƽʱ˵ţ£ǰԽΪ綼һģô࣬ӮҲֻ˵Ϊȡʤͽմߡ
ҪѾѹһѹ
طƺû뵽˵ĻҲ˶ԷԶ֮£ҪҪѹ磬˭֪ΪȻˡ
˵Խһ²Ϊ磬˾ǼˣԽ֮Ϊطһ˲
ҲмڿΪȡʤҪͬԽӮΪ
⼸Ѿִ
ԡ
Ϊʱ˿ڷطδȫħмʶڡ
ô˵Ȼ֪ԷԽжִš
罧Ѿݲеòʱðۣ˪Խӣɽһʱ˲ס
طá
ٷϻ̧𽣱һĽС
ƺ´Ľʱδ
׽ƮݣټԿطʱ彣ںδ
ÿĽ
˲ʱұ۱һѪۡ
ط״ԳЦ⡣
ʱʣ
ͷ磬ʽطֻӳһ
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ײ˴֣ɼ𻨱ų
ʱоŷطĽƣо̾ɣȷʵ֮
ѩ֮дųǺ⡣
ѩ
ط״ս˽͸˷ܺڴ
ڵȵˣ׽ˣ
еĽǣƲסز
ͷ硱ԡѩģȻѩͽķ磡
ʱȻͼ΢˳Ը͸
ѩ׳ϣʱ
жУ˲ϢѹʱɫԽ԰ףüëҲ˲˪
𽥷ʱҧӲţֻоͷﶼź
ҲáѩˣĺշĶ
ѩڣ紺شأ罧θɾĵðһѿ
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طǰֻ۾ۣŷٴξ
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Ҳһ˲䣬ʱץסеĿ϶Ѹӳ󣬽Ѹ󣬳ҴϸҴ˹
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ʱҪҴһ̽ͻһɫһæȴǱͬķ˱
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ҧгݵ˵仰߻Ѫ
ۿħأʱҲٹҴеǺֽ̧Ҵ׳żضһӳ
Ҵ㲼飬©ԭĶ
һźΣƴسطǱȥ
طǷˣⶫҲŵģ
ʱעҪǺȥ
δ̧֣һɼǿѹǵѹ˹ҪһȥʱͿ˿ѪеĽ˳ȥ
ⴥһߵķطʹغС
ǳơ
ħδ̫ãȻ롣
ħطڵħӦù˲
ʱ΢΢˫ۣܽ۵ұڡ
Ӱ˲̼£Щķʱһ߳Ų鵤ҩһΧŷطܲ·
úһУʱɫҰѺ졣
̧֣
ƿն˳ػصС
ʱɫָĦŽ·
һħ
齣صİǰ¡
ʱֻ֪һֻ֮һܲΪɳħûаա
ŵԼеĽ
괺ʼ֮֮⣬ڶѩµΪ괺
괺ǻľҲɡ
֮Ǿˣڵ
Եصӿӿʱڡ
ҲǻڣȻ䣬ʶܣõ֮ҲΪܲס±
ӿ纣ˣʱѾܾûܹĸоˣʹŵüѣҲŴ˿̡
ǰµķʱ߻ħķطࡣ
ħķطʽл£Ҳʱᡣ
ڡ
Ŀ磬ʱļѪճطħ
ħʶѸһڽĴײҪѡ
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ħһطйضɽҡ𵴲ֹܽ飬ɽʯ׷¡
ʱڵأϢޣ̧̧ۣ
ͷϷһʯҡҡ׹

ˬ
ֹͷðʱʱƬָ̣оһãδķӿ
ãȻۣһźɫʶ
˿̣Ҳʶ״̬
ǺɫʶϲţƺҪڡ
ԡոܵǡ񣡡񽻣
û˵ʱɵˣܸ߳кͷŭ޲˺ǰӲϴյʶ
ͼĨʶƵԶһЩһǵصĻƺֻ߳΢Ĵʧҡ
ǲ㲻
ʱţܸо˿ԼʶΪʶƤزһ㷴֮ûС
ѹֵĴϢڶߡ
Ƕ졣
ʱӷ£ʶ
Ϊλʶһ𣡣
ûףɫʶ㽫ǰװʶ˽
ɫϣ塣

ַҩ®
ôҶʡ
ɫЩأҶһ㡭ʲô飿
ħó˿Ǿݽߣ顣ûܼһˡ
أ
˺õ߰˰ˣֻǲ֪Ϊʶȫδѡ
ʦͽûһʡĵģҶһǼϺѾˣȥ
˵ձߡ
ȸ䣬·ͻȻδ飬޹齣ѡ
Ҷʱѵ롣
ĪŻָԭòķط˸ϵǳʱؿѪȪӿɵױ÷ס֮ǡ
ҶţҵȴǺõȡ̲ؿڣϴǳЦֻЦ
ûûҶǴַģǸʱĵˣ
ʣҲĬؿλҶ
ҶߣƵؿڣ̫һŵĸܲסԼҵľЩħҪµƺ»δѡ
ĪͷطһûŹ
ʵĪᵹû˵
ͷţطҪʲôסο˭뵽һʿҲ˵ħ
Ҷšطվ̧񣬡ʱָ赤ҩԴ̫һž
һԵĪɴ۾
˵͸Ҳң
Ҷ˳ǣػص½ɹ治ʢ
·ƪᣬһֱĬĽͻȻڣλ̸̸¡
ŴΪʮһ¡
Χ޾ɱ˹ǡ
ĪڿЦʮ֮仹Űʮ壬ǵط鲼β˵ֲ֮ǻû޾Ǿȵˡ˵Լ뷨缯ҾӢӣѾϵʮȲɾ
ǣα겻α
㵹Ҳŵؾʱİ޹齣ȻҲ˽֮а
Ļ޵
½ٿ˿ڣ󻰷ͻȻһתֻǽ˵ҪоӢӣشǾӢ𣿡
ʮһʤΪʶµȣŵӶ㲻ϡ
ǳϼѵĵӣ׺ҪһԿֲɣ
һһҧ˺ϹЦȻ㲻ãֻǲǰЩϲϴᣬҴǰλģʮһ£׺֮岻ݴǡ
ʱ׺֮ĽλҲһͬǰ
׺֮ĽҪǻ׺ΣΪɲ⣬ʸһ
˳Ҳ˵ʲô
ֻ֮ϵĹڿ²ɱһһͬ޼¡˵ƳǵԷʮ壬ֹʮݡ
Цٺòˡ

ֹգ˹ȸؾ
գգ۾ȻһڴЦ͵ȵè
Цˣƿ´Žſžͺʱ
ҩ®ҲٴΣѹҵʱڵķ䡣
ŴϺƽȵˣȥգգۡ
װˣˡ
ʱ
װûѣʱڲ뿴
ʶôЩ죬ϢϤԷһͲɵβ׵顣
ǲҲǵãĺ棬ô£Ϊʲôִ̼ģ˶õÿˣΪ˲٣
˵ôأҪԡ
˵͵ͷҪͷȥҪʶʱʶ֮ڡ
ʱоǹϢԽԽæ˹

ߵͨ죬Ӷһ㱡졣
͸ļ̲סʶһ㡣
δ촽ʣңǽʲô
㣡ʱյصһؿ߹۵
һ¿ɸҵòᣬǰ󲼵ù࣬ʯֵ˴롣
˻ûãɻ󣺡Ϊβ١
죡ʱо䶼Ҫ²ᣡ
ҪʮϲָоʱûжƯʦҲʹЩ
ǲ֪ǽʲô
ʱĬľ
ҡ
ʼڶ顣
ò𣿡
顣
㲻ңҾȥ½ǣ
վס
ٿ۾ʱյصβŴӴ켷һ仰
㣡
ѵǸ
ʱĻŭգʱؿۣƫͷһѪ˳


46
˾õ죿ջϵָ, еüңΪҲ˲١
ʲôˣ
ʲôʱջ֣Ʋ⣺ʦ㣬ѡô£
λ, ɴʮӳǩ̨˭ܰγ޹齣˭޹齣Ž, ̧ۣʲôˣ
ҡʱ£ᡣ
ʵ˵
ߣסļ, Ҫ
º͵˳žߡ
κ󡭡
ҩ®һƬĬ˿, ҲºͺЦмҶࡣ
Ϊ
յغ, ʱѾǲһôʲôʱˡ
ͷʦ㡣
֪֪Ĩʶʲô, ͸ҷʶûаЦ⣬ģھǸɵˣ
ûСʱż, Լ, ʶʱͷʶУ˵̫أ֡ϲߡ
ü, Щ⣺δ, ʶű˵ʶ롣
˵Ѻ˴, Ϊʲôʶȱһֱδ, ԭ⡣ϸϸһʱ, ŷ
⼸һֱʶڣ
ʱֻоݵĺɫ֪˼ҹ
֮ʱʶڲƽǺɫʶ˳ȥ
ǰɣ
Ǿǣǰʲô˼˵ҷſһۣϸ΢̧Ҳһ硣
ʱ
Լĵ̻͵͵ġ
Žʣ֪֪ǴĶģ
ҵһμؾʱǰʱΪԷѾˣû뵽Ժּ˻ˡ
ǰ㲢֪ţ֪Ǻξ磿
ɼȻʦʣǱ㲻ˡ
ԪӤʱȵƾˡ
ƾˡŻϲ⣬Щ񣬡δɽ١
δɽƾʱɫҲһֱ䡣
׽ƾҪôΪҪôˡ
ΪǴʿȻҶطΪء
Ƕᡭ
ʿɻҲݲõıǶᡣ
ʦ㣬԰
üû˵ʲôôŸʲô
ʱϣûС
ģǶᡣֵֻľѰʿҾ
ͽܣݵϸ㲻ȥͬϸ˵
糷£ųǰһ䣺˫һʱ˵Һúôʹȵ°ɡ
ǡ
ʱ̧üģ˼ҳһš
Ҳ˵طħ
ϵħؾеγŨء
Ѳȥʮ
˵ܲٲܲٵ洫Ի
ޡʱˣ
Ұ㿴
ʱ֪Ŷȥ΢΢Цˣ㡣
ɡ
֪ͷ˳ҡ
ˣ
л
طŶ룬һŨصҩζ
һ۱㿴ߵˣɫѩ
ʱ˱Ƶ棬̯롣
ط߹ȥ£ûԥóһľС
˴Σл
ʱľУм侲һöɫ鵤Ǽᵽһ㣬ܴиܵ
δˡ
պá
Ʒʵ鵤ҩòв
ʱҲϿ˼䣬˵Ͱѵҩɽˡ
ط
֪
˵ǰ棬㲢ǽ˰¡طָ˵棬֪ʲôĻ˽ȥ
һ£𡣡
ʱɫشΪ˵
ط˵أǰ·׺֮£˭
ʱ˭
ط죬ڣ½壬𡣡
ϣʱһԼôܡ
ؽѣ½Բѣ˾֪
ȷʱڲ
½ڣΪβ̽ΪҪ伣İٶ꣬ΪͻȻ֡
ҵңҲǷ˼ٰ磬ɴоֹΪϰߵϢȷɡطɫ˼֣ҴҲҵġ
ԭһ壬иҽ̽ʱ鿴һ飬޲ҲӦ
ĶʱЩС
ҵ½ǵҲˡ
طȴҡҡͷδ˵ȥĶֻ˵Ҫ¡
ȥķӦǡ׺֮
׺ʱҧ֣ɻ
İǰ½Ͳ׺֮䲢޹ཻ飬ȥ׺Ҫʲô
طֵ˵ڲ׺£
ʱ˵
һǰʮλͬʱ׺һλȡ׺һǵɺ¥˽ĳ㽭蹡ʱЩǰȥ׺̽ʵ˺㽫ˡطвˮͣϸֵõǴɡ
ĻлʱͻȻʱҲ̸۹¡
ֻʱδ⣬ûٶ
׺ҲСɣڵڶ࣬ʮֻȥλӦʲô˻Ŷԡطתֵɴ˴Ŵᣬû˵ǸĵҲһˮʵ¡
һɲ׺б䣬½ʮҲѲ˸ϵ
ʱϸü׺бӹɣ½𡪡
룬ȥһ˲׺
ҽ˵ЩҲҪ㣬ʮ񶼸ҶԲ׺֣Ҳ÷ЩҲͬҶ˵ת
ʱͷȻ
Ǿȸˡ
طߣͻȻסͷʵķ֮Ǻ˭ѧģҼǵ֮ǰԴ˲Ȥ
ʱлйãȻ
齣٣ԷڽòԸججʬ⡣
ϰʼƺԴڡ̫ӡ
ںڣˡ
عʱֻʣһˡ
֨ѽ
֪ҩ߽һºЦ⣬öϢġ
ʱӹС̺ţͻȻ֪飬顣
á

䳡ϣذ˹
ذһϲؿ˺ˣ
˵գСұۡ
ʦȻôͰκˡ
תתĽ˹˸
㿴ûˡ
վܲμѡˣذΪеˡ
ҲЦţȻ󿴿ҿȷû˹עߣְקק
¡
ذ˵Ҳѹʡ
ǡ
ιʲôأ
ͻȻһߺŵͬʱһӿ졣
һ̧ͷȥ½Ǻ͵˿
ôǰ˵۾תת
ôһѵ½̹ˣ
ҲӦðմСƢҪ˵Ҫһᡣ
½߹ȥе̽ؿһ󣬡·Ҳ̫խˡ

Ǹո͵͵˵ʲôأһСʡ
ڳĶˣְʾǿ
˾ͲΧһȦֻ½Ͽˡ
֪˵ʶô𣿡
ˣ
ذɴ۾ɫѪ˵
ƫͷؿܡ
û˿ɣ
ǴС㿪˿ڣ㡭ʲô
Ҳŷ֣ʶھȻΪҲʮ棡˵Цۣһ̼ͦġ
ٴγĬ
⻰Ǵ֮ͥ˵ģôֱף
ǼʶĴСҲõɴ۾
Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ½ֱס졣
˵ˡ
գգۣΪʲô
˭񡭡С㿨һ£ֵЩʲôˣʱ
֪Ϊʲô͸оˡ
ͷϲ֪
ҡ½ǿ˿Աˣذˣƫͷ֪ڿʲôսֵڶ
΢΢һЦСӵһߣҲ֪ʦ㡣
˳ָʾȥ죬۾ģ֪ʡ
죺


47
񡭡, ǵ²֮¡
ǵ¡
ѽ˵ʱôôһ¾ѣԱ߱Ŀ죬ʵʦ, ˵ǲˣ
죺С
Ĳؾ󣬱ĵӶڲ鿴֮£Ƕ￴һЩʲôʲôĶ
񽻶˫ǣ, ˽Ϊ£Ҳ񽻡˫Ϊ洦վѵǴţҼ׷ɱ֮, ϻ˫֮⣬Ŷܻ, Ҳµͼ˫Ϊ
ͷѹ, ҲǹģԺľ͸оŰװ׵ʶ, ʶ˲֪ʱʶ
öӷ̣סĻʶΪλʶڣ
֪, ƺѹͺʱʶһˡ
˵, ҪҪȥǸ
ۣи֮ɫ
Ǹ
δЩڷˡ
ͬú˵˵⡭֮¡鷳˦˻ȥ
һҪȥѡ, ˡ
áͷ, ȥй񽻵ļ¼, дšͨ
ͨ
Ҫ嵽ʲô̶أ
̧ͷһֻ̤ؾ, æɤ, ʦ㣡Ǹвףɷٽ̽ң
죺
ž
һ˲ؾš
žડűߵŵĵӴţоڵϡ
컹̧һֻţתͷ
ǵæͷȥ飬Ͽʼľˡ
Ӽ״ҲæµԼҵҲ˵ʲô
һʱ䣬ؾ˷ľ
죺
˿ŬװһȻӣ̤˲ؾ

ַ塣
ʱʲô֪ٳ飬߱ҩüëˣһĨЦ
ʱ̯ƣһССĽӡ֮ϡ

֪ü΢ɲһºЦ⣬߷ʵʲô𡣡
ûʲô⡣ʱ˿ˮζ嵭ŵֻǲǵǺ͡
ҵˣ
֪齫ѯĽչʾ
С˳̫ӡǧǰɶ֮
滹мģС֣ڰڣ֪Ҳûȥ
ɶ֮֪龪ؿʱ
ɶʱǷӡЩ֣ɶ֮ô䵽˭ҵء
ɶʿɺȥ֮أԶʮ֮ϡ
Ѳʦ𡭡
ʦȥɶⷽӡȻԼ
ҲΨһĿܡ
ʦǱˡ
ʱӡ˻ȥ
ˣ֪ʡ
ûСʱҡҡͷʦ
֪ЦǷɶ֮Ҳ޿ܡ
ٰҲһ
֪鲢ûжʣóĽϴͬ
ɹǻ硹
ʱнãŵлˡ
˵̫ӡɶꣻҲֻеһ䲻岻Ļ
ɶɹǡ
ѵɶ
ʱ̧üģ뷨Щ
ɶйأԼ׽Ҳ˽ͣҲΪӡ
ųǰԸҩ˯һ֪һԳѣһѬ㡣
ʲôʱе㣬ҩ®ƺȼ㡣
ֲ֪δͣųϷԸģ˵Ƕ档
Ӱɴʱᣬζأлǳҩζ
ǻʦġ
ʱŲ򴲱ߡ
֪߹ȥš
һڴϣʱƤأ
ú˯ɡ

ʦʦôˣҶŵ֣߬üۼԴۡ
̾˿洲Ϣ΢Ůǣǣӣעڴ߷ܹʱʱصСӡ
ȥ˵ɡ
ǡ
ҶŽʦ档
̨ϴѩ׷ɣȫɽ˲ף·Ϊᡣ
ҶɽΣ
Ҷҧҧ۾΢ź죬Щһձһö࣬̽ƳҲˣ˵
˵ʲô
ǲʦãӲʱӸŲ𡣡
ߣһŲ𣬿ɻ
Ҷ
ҶŤͷ˲ᣬ⣬ڣ
ʦȥû˭Ҳ׼
ǣ

ʦ㣡ʦ㣡СʦˣҶȥţûע⵽ԭһ
ԸͫҶ㿪
ޱܵķӦҶѸתνʣָ󷽡
صأΣղŶԡ
Ҷƣһ̧ۣһ˫ɺѪ۾
ʦʦá
ɱ㣬ɱ㡭ΪִԱ߸ȡһѽǽɡ
ڱǽںѪǰˣϺšɱ
ħˣ־壬ϵǡɫȥˣħĵûҲȲˡ
ҶΪߣ֮
Ϊһӳ飡
ţƭңƭң
ҶԽ֣˼󲽣Ϊ㿴˭ģ
ģסŴһӸһ
Ҷӹ˵ɣ쵰ôסġ
߶߶ģûĽ
ã
ĬҲ㹻˽Ϊʱ㽫ýʵʵ̧ʱǳĴϡ
ôػôڡҶսʡ
Ǻ˰ǰûˡ
ӦͬһѰɡֳ룬ѨλΪͷϡ
ҶʣѣΪҪƭʦã
ҡҡͷЩҪʦѺ˵

ʦô˵ôأҶ޺޵ҧЩ˾Ҷ֣
ϵѪѩº÷ֲ̧ȥѪߵΪԡ
Ϊô
ʵش𣬡ʦħѹΣϲˣʩ˯
ָΪüģע룬˿ƺ˳ָƶϡ
ҶŽŵؿʦ𣡡
ħ䳷֣ɣ࣬ƫͷıɺ졣
չһ²ǰһὫμ䳾⡣
պѡԼ

ʦ𣡡ʱ͵ؾ۾ͫ죬ת˲š
ļһʱͷ۲ѡ
ƿӹµأߵߣ˵Ҳûܣ¼Լ侲
Щתת۾ܡ
ǻʦҩ®ҡ
˴һ죬ⴵЩ硣
ҹˡ
ʦ𡭡
ʱ̧۵̫ѨùһԵɿֱϡ
ȥźͻʦ
ţһӰ⣬־ؿ
ȥĶ
ʱŶϤɤ΢̧ͷƵʣʦ𡭡ˣ
ʦôôҪôܲЩļʦ˼أôܡ
ҶüƬ̺ͷš
ƭҡʱ߬ӣָף䣬ƶ˵һ飺
ƭң


48
ƭңʦûзʱеԽԽ, ǰ˵òУֻܾʣĶʦ, ʦĶ
ҶЩʧˤˡ
㡭ˣȷʡ
ʱҡҡͷֻһЩ
Ҷ֪еһЩʲô, Ҳûᡣ
º¶˫ţɳЬ඼֪
˴ңҲصʵ
΢ҶŴֶ, ԾĻ۵ҡҷζ
ϿηŴ˿ۿᡣ
գգɬ۾ͷ
ͬƽʱ죬Ц, ʲôˣ˵
ʱڴ, ϻű
ɳƵ𣬴΢ʡ
Щļƴһ, ѵظʦʱɤӷȻ˵ˡ
֪ʦΪ, , ڽ׹İ꣬ҲԹ
ʦ𰡣СԼԼʦ, Թ
ʦ, ܷ
Ҷɵ˿, , ֻЩ
ʦȷʵûз
ڱչˡ
ʱµ, Ҷͷһֹסˣȥ
ҶͷУ·Ьഩãúʰһ£㡣
úúãʱͣصͷְ̧۲ɾ
ôòʦһҪʰɾƯЩ
ʱαװ£һǰĵӷȷϼ߳ȥ
Ҷʱߣؿŵʵˡ
ŲֹʲôʱģлһʵĴ멣߹ȥʱϣҪºࡣ
ʦ֪ȥܸ˵ġ
𣿡ʱۿģǼⷺҪ޲޵ӡ
Цţ˿û˵ֻ˵ͷ
߰ɣѾˡҶˣǰ·
Ҷȥ˽һ˵ķͷ羰Ǽ
һ·ϰϰŻʱŰ㡣
ʦڴ˴չأʱĴʵ
Ҷ紵ǰ뽣
λӣСϲʹСӷ´Ҳһ֮໤Ǿ˾֪¡
չ֮ѡڽ󸽽Ҳ˵ùȥ
˰㣬ɽͻһ¥¥һתĽ硣
ϵϢȷʵǷ˵ġ
ʦڴ˴չء
ʱ̧ͷŸ¥ϲ㷿͸⣬ۿһȣ૵ʦ𣬲Тͽˡ
ߵǰ̧Ҫȥ
ʦչأҪóȻš
ָһ£ʱҶ仰ˣʿչؼΪҪóȻȷʵ׳ӡ
֣ϥǹڽǰͷǿҶĵ档
Ǽǵ浭һһ£ʪ˿Ҷء
ʦ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ңðҽȥģҵĴҵĴ
ǲǺأҪչôãȱʲôңȥңһһ
ʦ𡭡ҴˣԺһ

һһ˵šִĶ
ѹĵ׵߹ȥҪɣϻˡ
ʱ۾һȦŽڵĸ¥ԲģԸ˵໰ʦȴӦûУһǻ
ӣʦ㣬ʦԸҡ
ᣬղֵһΣʦڱչأ˵ġ
ʱһ£Ҳǣչ˵ͳ
Ϊ仰˵
ƳҶһۡ
󣬽粨֣߰ɡ
ʦߡʱ㶵ؿ֣ͷһᡣ
ŵվ֣صس¥ķ˵
ʦһаãӸˡ
ѹɬʱһǿЦλʦȥɡ
ʦߣߡ
ҶͷֱӴ˲Ϣҩ®
ˣ˵˾䡰úϢֺ뿪ˡ
ʱδӱʹгλʦҴææ뿪һ仰Ҳ˵ʦԼʱɫҲÿЩҲԹġ
ʦΪˣλʦԹӦõġ
Ӧõġ
ػ¥ǰҶֳ̧½硣
Ÿ󣬡ΪβֱӸһպ֪
֪ҶҲ֪
˸¥ϲ㣬űŵһ
Ҷһϸ㣬ָ
ȼ㣬볯ǹλݡ
ʦСʦýˣû˵¡ҶЦӦòҰɣڱǰԶˣͷ̫£Ҳˡ
Һͻʦڣʦòµģһġ

һ磬䳡㱻Χˮйͨ˭ܰγ޹齣
ʮվ̨ϣǰһѰĳ
ǳ񣬾ֳ嶯Ҫǰѽ
ƺܵӦһ㣬޹鳤ֹ
޹齣ҪˡĿɨһڵӣȻˣλûǺˣ
Ҷ˭޹齣Լ޴Ӹ档
ĪЦ˳ӦҶ˵ǡ
䳡ԣ֪ʱǰ档
ʱ㿴ء
ʱŸͷϻŴ멣ΧɼҵӷĵӸ룬ҲעӣЩɢҩζԾԶЩ
֪飬ǲ̫ˡʱ
ֽ֪멵ϵųϷԸˣδܼ硣
˵ˣԽҪʼˣ˭ע⵽⡣
ʱ̧ͷһ˲䣬һĿԼϡ
ԽϣλڣҶӶš
ʱ
һ쳹ѡῪʼ
˵ѡ˵ǽѡˡ
ӣǰԽ
һȻһԽľȻ
ֻǰһ޹齣һҾס֮
ƺ⣬ȥվԼߵ½ǣΪҪԽ񣿡
½Ǳ˯ԽûʲôȤȲǽޣҲǴո
ʣؿȥһң
нԣδ֮ǰͬ죬ȻҪ
Ȼصͷվ
һյĹƣɿ޹齣
ɫ糣سλŵķһ̨
Խʧˡ
½½λЩһδͨ޹齣Ҳмû޹齣Ľ㱻ɢĽƵ˻ȥ
ֱ
ӣǰԽ
Ϸˡζ˵һ䡣
ҶôСӣ
ЦСӣǸ˵ͽܣܻǷ֮
޹齣ɲһ佣ΪҲһ½ٲ˵һֱҲ塣
Īϣ½˵ǡ
û˵̨Ѿй
̧ҪסͻȻһֱ˲Ϣüġ
ֵ̧Ķס޹齣һС
ͻʣʱͷһ
֪һ԰ţӦ޹齣ҪˣĻԵ
ʶڣűɵǳӰ
תò
㡭
˵òʶؾ֮˺޶¡
΢΢죺㾹ϵң
ͬһٿʻˡ
񣬻صǰؾʱмġ
ԭˡ̾˿ʣɺã
ʵ˭
衣ж˷飬Щɺã
̣ܺáЩɻ󣬡ʶ̣
ѡ
ʣһƳʶ
ʶȴ˱ߵǸ
ǣ޹齣
һΡ
ɢΪ֮ɫƲ֮׵
̨һƬ̾С
޹齣
ˡ֪š
ʱеӳ̨ŮˣԣгעĿӡ
ĽѰ˰ɡ


49
޹齣, һʱ룬˲ۣҲ˵Сɡ
, Сš½ļȤ
һ£˵ʲôء
˵ţüۼԿɼϲ⡣
ЩȲҪϢʱ
ĵ, תͷԺѣԽѹ׼ȥģ̽𣿡
Ұ½̧ͷ룬ȻЦôʵȻȥа
½ȥʮʵС, ؾмǸóɽŮˣ
½ǻ˻ԴΪȻ, ǲΪѹ, ƾ˭˭Ӯһء
˵, ׺ҵĶɽ̺ܾˣȥ, Ҿ͵͵ȥ
˵, С̧һɣ޹齣, ϶Ҫȥġ
Ϊʲôش˿Ľ
Ѳѽԩͷˡ
½ǽ͵֮, аħԾ塣ŴΪ˽ڵʮ, ޹齣, ЩųһһҲҪˡ
һ, ⽣ϾҪ͸ˡ
ѵԺҪٵߣ
ôߣ·ϳԺȲʯȱС㻹һջ
룬Ҫɽаû½һҲãǺͬУ˶ӣٵ޹齣ױ
ȻǷǳˣǿԷǮ
У
պڳСݵ㡣½õòˣϻȻȥҰ룬Ҳϡ
üһ룿ҵˣ
ǰҹˣһ£ʦϳˣȥòӡ½קקһȥˣң˵ǲңȻô͵͵˵Щ

Ǽ˼
֪Դ϶ÿЩСⶺҿģϣ˵ͼʲôءСͻȻЩŤأеڵġιʲô񣿡
СȻһתҲʶԼֵ̫ԣæ۾Ц˵öԣһ᲻㡣
û뵽ʦ㻹ףصӣȴЩ͵͵¡
ɣһӵ·Ϥȥ
ʦ㡣ζգգ۾
죺
ؾߣû뵽ѲҲ
½ǵĻûĵػ̫խˡ
еۣˡ񽻡֡
ؾվǴ˳ȥ

ǳ΢΢׻˻ȴʮĮ顣
ߡ
ߺ½һ㿴ӣһҲûͬŸеº֮ͣ̽ͬһҡ
˰ɣǲ࣬𣬷ڽҲˣҪҪ
ѽ

صҩ®ʱͷǷǵ㣬ҹա
˰ҩʦ͹ȥ
ʦ𣿡Цʵʦҩڰ𣿡
һ㶣ǲʡĵʦڻݡ
ô˵
ԣʦ𡭡ˣõҩȥȥ
ڵõˮ©
ڲؾǡӹҩ뿴
Ҳ̯ӣߣңȥɡ
ҩ볯ȥӦǰһʦ𣡺ҩˣ
ʱһOO@@
Žȥֻʱŵбڴͷлһ飬ϻɢ˼
һѧ̿ĺʦ
Ҳƣֻҩֱߣʦ𡣡
ʱͷšһ̧ۿȥĿ佣ϡ
˵޹Ϊˡ
󽫽ݹȥϱҫСӣϣõһ佱
ʱĬţӽӹҩ롣
ذŴ꣬δȡ
ؾնȴˣٽΧƣ޹
ǧǰˣв齣ΪҲ˵ùȥ
ԡ齣ֻʹ򽣡
ŵ䶨ʱһˣһҩ
һԿһ
ȿȡ
ζͷϲѹȥʱƫͷȵշ졣
ѽһߣ˳߸ıóŵιߡ
ָ⸧ʪĴ꣬Īָͣ΢΢˰
Ȼ
ûгֻž
ֱһۣ͵֡
ۣźһƬֱ
ֱһ£ֻôӴվίؿŴϵˡ
ҲһˣС
ֻҶˣҲҪЩڡʱƳһۣͷЩûɾ
ûε񣬡ǣʦ𡣡
ţڼӵͦ졣
۾΢תֵʦ𡣡
ţ
֪ԭȥĶˣһϣĵѣʱѡ
ʱ
ʱһ£Ȼ⳶˸ѣˡ
ˣһװûżһ͵˵ķӦ˵ôأô˰ʦ֪ȥ𣿡
ʱոշµ飬Ȼ֪
ִյߣȥʱ棬ʦ֪λϷͷĵӣȥ
ʱʵЩˣĶͷԶЩѺ˴룬㲻˵ġ
Ҳˡ
ȻһҪǧȫ
˴롭ţһˣҲòʶ񽻵ġ
ʱ
ôܰôɵ˵
ʦ˵С̧ۿ㱻ȺһʶǸģ֪飬ô찡
ʱ˱ҧгݵؿڣжԶԶ
ٻˣֻһ³
һСɷף߶޹齣ˡ
ʱ˿ȥ治֪ô˵ˡ
˶ˡ˽ҿ⺢ͦϲġ
һ٣Ҳһ䣬˵Ѽϲ
񽻹
ʱĬе顣
׽ϲȫԴ̫ӡԭΪӡʦʦչδǱˡ
ʦ㣬
ŷ̧ۿȥɻ


ܻԼСԺʱĿ۵ĸоڡ
ԼҲ֪ô£ڿʱ۵еʱñҪܡ
ȴηۡ
򿪷ʱ˸ˣŮ˼֡

ѹЩŭ⡣
һ㶣æֹţȻ󽫽ݹȥĬشվһߡ
޹齣һ˵Уûɢ֮Խƾһɴ˰繵ذս֡
㻹ϵҡḧŽƶԹ
޹飬벻
ӦĻ
Ҵȥòã
ʣעŽĩһССġ족֡
κսʣߣȴԭ˳޹齣ͻȻ֣»صС
⡭
һ˫ţɴ۾ǰɫˡ
⡭̡


50
, ҡˡҷһΪȱϺ죬ǰʼѣ
ûһɿָ, ˤڵϡ
ߣ˵ɣԽʱʲô
ֳŵҪ
ۿŮϥǼҪŵ, 費õüһӲק
ҹҾɱ㡣ӣһҲԱ˹, Ҳԡ
ɹǣɹˡ
ǣͦվñֱ, Խʱʶڼһ, 
̫ãЩϲŭ޳Ƣԡ
Ȼ, ˵ʲôЩıָһûһµô档
㡣
ǽڷָס
Щɺ, ˵Ǿѡ
ͻȻž, ЩҪΪֻһڡ
ͻȻЦ˳ѣ˵Ǿѣ
ЦȻֹ, Ů˵ɭ죺治ɶϯ, ʳ˼̻ɰ
ͷҶ, ʱֻŬˡ
, ѽ, ȷ⡣

֡
δأоԼȲܿƵ̧£һߵǰȻȥ
⡭̡
°ͱָ̧Ůȱݣ˫βиܵ˴̹ǵĺ⣬Ķز
һɣһħ
ֻòˣٴԻļµ
û˵˭ģ
ͳɤڶߣ죬ġ
Ǹʱ̫һĦ°ʹϸ۵Ƥ⣬ͻȻݣĢ̧́񽻣оΰǲٹҪȥ
ţ
ͷѹЩȻҲָֻСȵҡҡͷûС
ָ·һƬۣüḧ˸ƺЩۡ
ȥŽɿָֻӡ
ֻЩаҲҪ˭񽻣ӣͬйܵ֫Ӵ
𣿡
ãȻ
֣
ָ£ϣ
̶£ס죬ȥҲˡ
󣬡ͬˮ֮
񽻣𣿡⣬˵Щ񽻽ӴøЩϾ˵ʶ໥ҡ
ջ֣䵭ʶ޹ء
סҷ˵ģȻЦҾǰ
䣬Ȼ翵Ϣ˲Ϣ֮䵴Ȼ޴棬ڽʣһˣֻüԼ̫ƽȵĺڿֹ
޹齣һ£ƺϤϢѲˡ
ϣŲߵߣһͷԽܸоһ˿ʹ⡣
ܸоһ˲䣬ɱ
Ϊ޹齣Ϊ
⽣Ӧǰģ̵̬ȣǰӦʶҹϵһ㣬벻˵ľ򵥡
˸ڻ谵Уֵ̧ǰĪһٸУʶشܶƺҪ룬ȴֱ󴦵š
ӡ

Ŵ޹齣Ļ½ڣʼ׼а֮¡
硢̫̽һźͲ׺֮ĸ߽׵ΪףھѰʮ֮ˣƳǸذʮֹͨʮ֮˽
ż˾ݴʿ˴ڽа֮ȻҪͷ򣬸Ÿɳ٣ƱҪʮ֮޻ء
һӣĳС
ţɽʱһҩζ
ҶͷҲû̧ɽȡ
ʱ
һ½û
Ҷһ٣Ӳ̧ͷ˵ʲô
طûʱؿǿӲҵҵҪ֪굽׷ʲô
С³֡
ʱҧҧסҡ
֪Ҷ۵ûʲôʦĻ˭Ļ㶼ʹھϣʹŵ㣬Ҳ
ʱ㵵̧ͷʦѵһ˽ȴôƽضԼ˵ûκ˵ԼĲ
ʦ㣬ҡ
ȥɡҶͻȻ
ʱЩԼǲˡ
ʦ㾹Ȼɽˡ
Ҷظһ飺׼ɽˡ
ʱʱϲ⣬лʦ㣡
ݱźַ塣
ߺҶɫ졣
ʱ̤Уؾص
ʦ𡣡
˴ɽ㲻ڵһͬҶ̨ףǰɫ࣬Ҫ㱣һˡ

ɫһݣǣ

պ󣬳Сݡ
㲻˰½ſϿųʵ
ꡤ޹⡤ûа
½ǣ
޲ðѲдˡ
𲻸ˣˡ
ˣ½¥Ǳ̧°͡
Ťͷȥʱһ㶡
ǰ룬˰ߣʱ
ԭ۾ʱһֱվ֡
Сǡ
ûϢ
Ȼ˶ˣ߰ɡ
ʱһߵ죬ü΢̧ƺô¡
Ҳȥ׺½зۡ
зۣ졣
ʱĬĬϣܲҲ˷ˡ
ֻ˵̽ͳһҶ۶װεý̻Իͣ鱦Ʒۡ
㣬Σ;ѡ
Űװεһۡ
½ûˣôҪҪ뿪ߡ
׻˵ǮʹĥѼҵװϣͲĶ
˳ŴСĻţҿǿǡ
Сһְ֣һԵİ볶Ҳһ̽ô
죺
⼸˶߰̽ȫˡ
һ͵ʱ˰ɡ
Ǹ˭ĵģҪҪҲС仰˵ЩŤȴҲ롣
죺
ʱ
ûõӦ½ƲƲ죬֪˲ôڵġ
зۣҪ׺֮Ҳա
ֻǵڶ½ǾЩסҪȥ͸͸
һĸˣʱͰһһ죬һ仰Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ô£Ҳ˵
ưͳ
·ƽǣڳۡ
½˸ǹ뻳һԼߡ
ߣǳĺġ
˳ǰ彣ʿ
뼸λʾ
ŰټҴʮ֮ˣЩαװݶ㵽С
½ǰ棬˻׹ע׹΢⣬һֻ׵ģ
ͬƣͬҶ꼻ӡ
óƺѸٷֲ
̽綼ǴţʿˣæϹϾ
롣
˳ǣȻӭһɫҴҵʿǴͷ˱һѴ󵶣һ̺ۡ
վססʱˣģ
ݵʿæ߹̽ġ
̽磿ߣɵشżˣ򱳺Ĵ󵶣˭֪̽£ŵĵôߵһ
õ±ţ½Ǻܲˡ
˭Ѿˣ㻹붯֣
һ˳ǹ˻
һһ߽ʱм䣬ؿŽΧһȦʿ
˫ŵضš
½Ƕյǹ⣺Ҳϲã
˳˳ǣʮŵȻϵãҲΪϵãǲŸӿɡ
̽ı磬һС
˵ǲʮ֮ˣ
½ǣ
⵹ǳĴˡ
ΧڳţһŮƽ֡
Ρ
ΪõӣæĵЦţӭȥôˣ

Īǲ׺֮Ľ
½ǻʿȥȻһŲ̫İס
ӡôһˣӲĻ֣
׺֮
ȥԳЩٵЦ½е
أֱ˷һơ
һƼͷƫȥѪ
۵Ķ̽Ҳģ
βҶԣͷ֪
½ǼǸԲס
£½üҼǵƽǲǲ׺ڰɣ˷سʿôˣ
ʶԼ˵˻ʼԼ죬˵˻˵ˣ
Цţ˵ˡ
һ£Ͳˡ
˵첽˳ǣԶȥӦǲ׺
Ŷе£֣ʿ
½ǰ˰ְ֣ǹݸ˰롣
ߣԷȥ
ƽһһãƷʮֳѲʳȵʿԸ
Ѱ·δãѾһ㡣
˶ӣ˸硣
ϲζ
ŨҵĻвЩζɵسԱŲŲ
ŵĿҩζͷҲѲ١
ŲҪҼˡʱ䲻
һ򣬹Ȼԣ˼򽻵ʱİӶбȥˡ
ˮˮƯű紵Ļ꣬۰ƣҲһ
½ͷſƮĻֽ꣬һƬڲһŶԡ
С
һɳƵ
˿ȥֻͷŸؤͷ濴ģ»ſŸ꣬ͬһ۲
ֻ꣬ѾûϢ
ؤ̧ͷĸͻȻȣֱӽűߵ߷档
ҵͷɢһߣ©Ų
꣡


51
Ҫչأ
ҪҶ˵Ҫȥҽȵ, ˵Ҫչء
ҲֻһƾڣܻסҶЩǳ̧۵̫Ѩ, ˴ɽҵĻᷢɿƵ¡
˵½û
ûŲ죬Ϊİ, ͻȻء
֪̽𣿡
ҶҡҡͷӦò֪
Ȼ̽ƳҲ㶯ûˡ
֪ᰲִ磬ûӡ̾˿õĵҩŵ, ȻҪչأ˼ǲ˹, ЩҩģҹС
Ҫȥҽ𣿡ҶһԵгһӡ
ǰ, ҽӦûֱ棬ѿġ
ЦŽ, ֱָоһ˲Ľʦ׼ˣǽҵĻˡ
ҶߣЩл, ߺ, ֱչأҩĻݲô죬ϵСչ˵ú𣿡
, ŷ, ֪黹, ⺢ϸ, ԰տһ
ҲáҶ̾˿, ڵԶɽţݣƽ

ƽǡ
ЩŲİɣ׺ˣ½ǻǲţ׺ʲôطʮ뷨ҲôϢ͵ˡ
ӦϣϢҲ޿ܡʱǰŴһл
׺֮һͣʵŵǷֳɣλֹ
ŴҪû˵ǶĵҲһѾƽǣ˫ȱϷĽꡣ
ǽӣˣ²׺Բ顣
Ҳֻܵˡ½ϲ˻Σǿյġ
״ĬĬ¥ȥѰС
һţ¥³µƮ
һЩ졣
ӵٱǵѲʮ֮ˣҵȷǰѲ顣ľƹ񿴡
һʮˣ¥˷׷뿪ƹпԣҪЦÿ·ɾ롣
˭Щǳسʿĸҵ浢£ƽҲȥˡ
κüĿ϶¥ֱϱߵ᷿ߣȻб
ü΢ѹŹϣˡ
ڵش˭Զ׼
ǰŲŰѽؤǴߣžѲ飬δҲ̫ˡ
½һǽҲǸ˶ˣò׺Ҳһ֮֮ϣȻЩͬۡ
ŲѾǰ˿ûʲôļˣָСһأ
½ǲ㣬ԣò
Ͼһ²һ¡

ء
ű˴Ⱪ߿ͬʱһƵɫâֱ⼸üġ
λȻ֪ڼˣαЦԭ½
ɨһȦҲŹڳĸˡ
˱絲סǴ
½Щְͣĵ죬ʲôأ
˵̽ŭĸ˲֣һȻˡ
︹̣ȴֺõЦĪ֣ʮˣѲ顣
Ѳ飿½վ΢̧ۣŭҿҲһһز鰡ֱӴ߿ҵķţʲô˼Ҳˣ
ңæͷ
ô˵Ҳ̽ѲʮⶥñҲϡ
ɽ꣬Ҳ뿪ƽǡ
͵͵ڣҵҲǷ£и㡣
½ЩͷҪڸˣͻȻ˿ڣǲɡ
عͷ
飿
˲غˣ
С˼üŪۣתͷʱҲ˹ȥ
Ȼոòʱ
ʱ˵ͷ
Բ顣
ɡ
лζ֣˼뷿ڣ䵹Щƿƿ޹޶Ҫûˡ
½Ǽ״˳ǡ
ǹϸµġ
ߵ󣬿ſһ˵Ĵݺü
ôܣǴˡ
ô𣿡½ƹ˶ŴϵĽţҲЩģװ÷ƵԺǳѲ㻹ⴲҲˣľͷû𣿡
һССƽسʿ˵
Щв֮⡣
ιʩ񣬡ҡ
˵Ųңȴӳһڴתתȷûˣ»صС
ҧЩģɲҲˣȷʵûˡ
ˡ
½ָ̧֣ţῪڣ
ЩŭȴҲô
ߣ
뿪䣬ֵ¥·ͨƢƹСùѪͷýֶ涼֪˵˭ġ
泹û½ǲſʱ΢ͦ찡һȺ˸Ϲһҷ˾ڴ϶
ˣǡ
½һҿ𡣡
ǿܻʱҹǸҲ
죺ھߣ
Щġ
¡½Ϊں£֣֤Σұ㡣
껹ûѣ֪׺׷ʲôǸᡣʱһ䶨

ҹɫŨأƽ꣬εδݶҲϸ΢Ķ
ʱ۾ߣ΢
ˡ
˲䣬һž޴£ջԲﶼֵʵʵƽǶڡ
Ӱ㿣⴫һҹˣλδ˯
½һǹ⣬ǹⷴӳһ˫͸
ԷʣҲû˯𣬻ҵǰˣҪ뱾Ȳ裿
ǰЦǰͻȲ衣
ٿأűһѣӭ
½ԽżΪ㣬бת˰Ȧһ˳ֻ˶Էһǹ
ǹɽȻͬײըܷѵ
òΪ־ˡ
½ǻصô޳ء
ʱɫ΢Ըϣ
ܵʱܳһӰϽԴŲ׺ŵӷ
ЩͫȫīɫǱ˿ָ˲Ϣ˶ȥ
˽Ҫʱߣ첲ͻȻһѣƵǰȥ

ȥұʱʱľ׮ӡ

ǲǲ̫ԣ
룬ת½ǺͽĴС
һ˳ֽһ˾ǹ֡
½ǣô㣿
컹΢΢ʧ

¡
һ˷ɢǿᣬЩ˽ǻڷ顣
˦˦֣˿½ǣô
ǰġ½ǹһߵվǹˣ˧
£⿴б󷽣׺ԽԽ࣬ƺԵЩ
һ˲΢΢ɴ۾
Щ˲
ý׼ǽ࣬޲ÿµˣ鴤ºվȻؿѪֹȴԲӰǵж
ɱ֮
½ǲŵؿ򽭽ǵǾȻЩа
ԻƿֹģǸ׺Ȼ˴󵨷˿
ѹŴϽĵʵ£ԭ׺ĸ߽׵Ӷ˲֪ʹĹ
ΪЧǵĸЦͫҲڡ
ɵһǼ˹ˣ
Ϥֹ𣬽Щ׺ͻȻ˿㣬ǡ
ݳǳֱӽг˱˵ݡ
ؾʱ˴һΣն˶Էһۡ
ϷŮ˼Ц˺ʹ
ɫ뼸üģЦӰ춸Ȼ
Ϸ
ʱһ£˺ԥߡ
ڵĽͲ׺ӽ
ҹ˱ԶһȦ˵ĹΧм䡣
۽Ϲˮ飬ʱ̧ˮп˲Զű¶Ůˡ
մѪǳѪһͿĨ촽ϣʺĴڵҹбù
ôҵĿǲһ㡣
Ŀض죬аЦţȻûǾͰҲҵĿܰɡ


52
, пֱһˡ졣
룡½һæȥվһ
ͷ΢, ȴ˵ʲôĿҡ
Сһǹһɨ, ļܴ˳ȥʮŵ̧ͷҵˣƾʲô㣡
Ļ, 촽һĨײЦ⣬ȻȻԷȥ
˽󽻸Է, һͬΧĿܡ
һߣֳ޹鵲ʱǰ, ѾûǵĽ
úǣ⼸λƯú档ָ, ĿתгŤȥˮ۳ɵһѿΡ
ζ, ָϸ, 񣬼Ǻÿһ²ҵôõ֫, üӵԼϡ
䲻̧, 亮Ľǰָ, ù޺֬˫ٿصɴ, ʺ¡
㡭㡭
ֽ֮òͨ, Ψһ˫۾ȻΪ۵һû뵽̽ŵǰ˲һ
ʧˡ
Իƿܣ֪ΥҪ췣𡣡ʱĿۣЦ˵ֱж
˶У㲻ã
һᣬйź˪Ľµˮɱֱڣɱէ֡
ʧɫ׿ԽʵʵδܴùͬΪʿ
⽣佣ȻΪһ󾳽磬󲿷ı룬ȴٲЩϸС˿ڣϣҲ˼ӣѪֹ
߳ŭЩܣ󺰵ɱɱ
һ䣬˾Ŀ˲任Ŀ꣬Ҳûн׷ֻһˡ
нΪߣõһ˲ʱ󣬸߾г
ʱͬʱ£һһһʱࡣ
Զ½ǹվţʡ
ôȥҲˣ롭
ԣҪС΢ĲѹȥҲȥæ
Щô˵Ҳǲ׺߽׵ӣֱò֪ʹ಻ǺҲܽľݽߡ
½д󿪴ϣٶԶ˿죬ߴ߳Բ鵤ҩҲķѵٶȡ
ѣǣҪƵǹ֧Ųס
ӳһҪȥʦУ뿪ˣֻʣʦˣôܡ
½ǼԥԥһҲԼգŭҪܣ
һ̤ʽľɿһվ
ġǹɽţ鵤ѾþֻʣЩ˵ҩ
ǣ
ϱһѣһ仰ľȥʱء
ߣһɨʱĿܣһᱣġ
ʱ
ֲǸˣõһΧ
ԶŹڣĿؿźͱΧļˡ
ɱǣɱǣ
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Ȼ⻰˵ЩˣڱҪסЩͣ¡
ãԥصͷҲûҪʲô
ʮִ󷽵طֳȥһ롣
ʱɣջ֣Ҫȫ
ˡ
䣬ʱӰڿܼιܶסá
һɽóڽЩסĿȫһ
͵һ˦ʣµĿһȥЩסĿܱɸ飬г˴ͷһһ˷Щ⣬ʡ
һȥ׷ʱĿܣ
½ǣ
죺
ͻȻһ䣬תߣȴʱסȥ·
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ߣ
һɨµνԱᣬڰУɫǧΣû齣
ģЦͻȻˣԶ٣ЩҲ˼
ˣ
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ϻࡣ
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治˶ãʱ֪ɫһݣ齣ǰ
Ҫһ˽ʱͻȻڳһɺһ˳ǹӺжʱĽ⡣
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ɤӺд
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ҡҡͷ
Ҳ
ʱ¥Ϳô棬ɵ㶵վš
ˣɡ


53
Ҳǲ, ؾرպһ¡
ʱ׺֮Էƽ˾λҲδϡ
ֱ
, Ī񡣡סĲ׺Ӵļã
ӽü, Ѿʮӻ֢֮Ҷʲĵӡ
Ȼ˳Ų׺ġ
ɲ֢Դͷ
ҡͷͻ֢֮޴ӿɲ顣
ֵ֢֮Ļ̻, ˭Ҳ֪һ᲻Լ׺֮Ͽźڳ, ѹÿһ׺ͷϣ˴
ҹеӶ۵ļá̾˿, , ҪˣǱȥɡ
ǡ
£ɺ¥ȥ
·ͬеĽϡ
㣡˳ܹк, ɫ, ʵʲôˣ
ĺǻѵ⼸ղҪߣеӷˡ
ôذ϶һ, ĬһЦ
, ֪һ˵ʲô֢
ؿ, Ҳȥ˸
ס, ü, Ҳҽȣ񲻵ýⷨ˵ǡ
ʱ򲻿ɷŲ֪·˽
꣺ҽɰ
ɻ󣺡ҽɣҽˣ
ҽɵţҽλ벻ܵô˳ƺţҽ˲׺᲻֪
ǡҡͷϣһҽɣ

ͻȻסˣתͷȥϣʲôţ
ҡӵһ٣ûʡ
꣺
̾˿ǵȥֻٵȼҽžͺã˵ʲôҽɣպ˵
˵գ첽뿪ǰɺ¥
ϿҴҵıӰӦЩʲô
һأʱˡ
ϣߣȥҽɡһֳ֣š
һ·ϵɺ¥¥һ¥
¥ϣŴ󿪣űһˡ
̣
һæܹȥ̽̽˻ţ˿
˫ʣһֳȴһֳַƣĿ¶׹վ뷿ڡ

һͳЦҴʱɴ
ĸף
ҵķű˴򿪣һ˸Ů˳бŽ˫۵Ľ蹡
ǣſ
΢ӴŮˣɷ죬ǰѵīĺƣ֮
ѪϳŮ˵ĵ޺޵ʮ൶
൶һЦϵң㲻Ҫ·ҲԸ㡣
㣬Թˡ
ʱɫᣬĿǰ⡣
ֶĵŭȴвˡ
ģ൶׽֣뵽ʲôõ£ɷǣɺ¥ź
ѪȻڰǰͳҵĵˡ
ৡ
Ѫܿسʣڴ
ʱһæ̧˫ֵ
ʹƴȫԱԷƱƵˣֱżסźſͣ¡
ˣǿ
ɺ¥ͻ䣬Ĳ׺ӽѾΧ
¥¡
ע߲ˡ
𣿡൶ƮƮһ䣬̧ۿˡ
ֵסһƣסѪĹơ
൶Ľ蹣ŭ㾹Ȼһ
ðõúܣҾû뵽ǰͻĸ㣡
͸£
Ҵ𣿡൶ֱʵҵ𣡡
ʧؿɫΪŭǺ죬µ㻹֪ڸģ
ģΪʲôҪģ൶ЦֻûһѻˣǱˣ
㣡
ĻĵӴϣأ
Щ֢ĵͻȻʧǣͬţ
൶΢üңƺǵȲ׺ϣȥǱߣš
ҧأŭأ
Уιȥˣ
൶ԴЦס˵Ķ䣬ǽĶǲ׺㵱治ȥ
ףؿ
ȥأĸһᱻ˴ߡ
̣Ŀѣؿھţκվǻߣļõȥأ
תȥ۽ͼ˽л˾ˣ
뿪ˣĸô죬
Ǽļõĵӣǲ׺߽׵ӣأɺ¥ֻʣЩʵõĵӡ
Ȼǲ׺ֵء൶Ц̧ߣѪΪ·
ûÿ
⻰ǶԽ˵ġ
ȻСѾͷסɱ׼Ҫس
Ҳ·Ӵȵڵˣ
֮
ɺ¥
൶ߣһ
Ѫһӿ
ѧɽ
ɽ½ͻȻԱ߼˽Աһ
ߣһɤӲãûôʲô
֪ĻΪǲ׺ء
Сţ˹ˣǽѧôʮõô˳֡
Աһ£ѣӻڡ
˵עһЩ
½˵ҲӦɫįĽǸ
û¡䴽Ҳǽˡ
ʲô½Ǿȵ˵Ǹ൶ǰǽˣ
һԵˣɽΪ档
Ǹ׺ص˭ʱ뵽ˣʵһ˻ˣ
ݳЩ֢ĵӶܱءֵʮб
ɼˣҲֻˣ׺ӦֹڴˡЩ⡣
صͷǣҸ׸ϵʱˣƺֻΪ˹ȥɽ
蹹ùñ൶ߣԹԸ뿪˲׺
һô£½ָȡ
һˣѻָıȣһҽ޷
㲻׶꣬ﹴʮ򣬽ŵӰ϶Ƴ˿ˣһһɱʧأѪǻޡ
ױűѣ߻ħҡˣȴ֣۫˫Ѫγء
ѪΣϲʳѪ˿ʳ
۫ý걻ѪӲʳ
˾ôݶ֪ŴҾ͸úһ١½ĥĥҲһ
£Ҿͼǲˡ꿴ˣʵںδȵң
ƽǰǸϾɱ½ָ棬ڱˣʱԱ𡣡
ͻȻ³һѪҪ´޺ø߻ħ
ʱ΢΢üָһ˻˯ȥ
ҸҽˣٵȥⱲӶվˡ
ˣҪҡ
һӷϿմ
滹һûʲôĸͣҼʲôΡ
ʱĬؿԷߡ
ׯҽɣ


54
ȵ˳ȥ, ڷ۶ϿӭҽɺĿܿӡ
½۾ɵԲ˿ˣֿ˿Եƺ, ָôģ
ҽɸֶż㣬ǰ

½ǳ˳, ˭ء
˺æ˭Ͻ˵ܿͻȻڡ
ҽվԱŴЦһ˵ӡ
ʱ, ʵôԼ˵
ʱԵ
ûдЩڳ
ҽĿƹȥ, ʱ΢΢üúһЩ
˵, ۳ʱķ˶ӡ
ҩˣ¡
Ч
½΢΢ɴ۾ʲôӰ, ⶼų
˺æ˭Ͻ˵ܿظ
ȷʵٵ, , λҽȽȥ
ҽɿʱȻСӰ
ʱǰĻʵ׺ʱ, ĺǣ
ҽɵͷǰ, ҲСһ֮Ե
˻𣿡½ǲһ䡣
ҽͷû̧, һߵĿܿӿڣҼʲôΡ
½ǣ
, ˳ȥҽָʱ
У
У
ͬʱ, һһҵʱǰ
дż־裬ҽСʦһ⡣
ߣҽɿ˿ˣ̾Уߡ
ˡ
ȵȡʱסƫͷΧԼߵû£ȳȥ
ǡ컹˵ʲôʱסˡ
롣½ǳһ
ԥļ򣬽˰ˡ
߰߰ɡ
˶ߺҽһ߿ܿƳȥһۡ
ܵͷš
ҿɲʲô˾ͼʱ֡ҽֱԵΪģΪ
ʱԼݣֻɫߵһߣŪŴµֲװΣ˵ҽһͬʦãҽȺʦ㻪򴥷ɱҽȣԴѶ
ҽɣ𣿡
˵ӦøĿڽֳǡ
㻹ǳԲһһߣҪûһɡ
ͲҲСӣͬеĶҲֲܣ
ʱ۵ˮţûΪĻֺֻһ䣺㲻ᡣ
ƶһ仰һ㶣ɵؿʼյĽӦòûʲôŶԡ
ȷ֮ǰ޽ʺ󣬳ߣ⻰˵Ǻ˽ҡ
ҵĸǱЫ˵Į鰡
ʱͷ⻰û
ǣ
ʱתֵҲ˵ֳǼЩ֢ǵһμʱ˵ⲻҶҲ
ִŵˣôΪһʱ֮ͷǰβõĲˡ
⻰ûǺ֪ԼظΪ˵ĻĪá
ⷭƪҲټ˵ЩתĶ𣿡
ʱ˼ⶾ
ȻСǵѹѾãֱһƷӡڵڣⶾҪȽ˷ӡ
һιã֪˭½ƣΪη£
ʱҲⶾйϵ
ǺȻأûϵʲô
ʱ
Ƣ߯߯С
ʦ⡣ʱЩļ䣬ƴյóڶĴ𰸣Ӧ߻ħ·ӡ
ͬһμһͬ⡣
ЩָٷʦµĽɶ
ҿ԰˽ƣҲ԰ⶾͻȻЩζʱ˹ǣЦֻǶ㽫ٲֽܳһжڡ
Ϊ磬ʿصһУӰ
ѣɺѡͷʼ
뿴ľݽһˣ⣬ǲһ齣
ӦҲѣػ۷壬ʱѡ
ˡʱû˼̫ãҲûΪⲻ˶ĳ
ãǲ죬֪ⶾû
֪ʱɫȻںʦַ½ƵĶҲǶ֮
ûʱԼҪҵ½֪굽׷ʲô˾гδ
á
ӹʧһҲˣ
¥
½Ǻߣǰ߶еļ겻͡
ֵؿһۣôôʱ
ţ̧ĴС㣬ʾ⡣
½ķһ
۾Ƴֿһ̬ӣˡ
Ҳܹܣ
ܣҹʲôСߺߵһˣֲ̽ˣܵ
̧һѹûԼ˵۾һ濴
Ȼֿʼ߶
תתתܱܲתˣ½һϣһʹӣҲֻҧš
Űŭֲʱˣôżʲô
촹ҲʶԼЩ̫ðʧˣԥһֻ
롣½ǿһӣͻȻʵϲ

˭ϲ˭
һ㶣Ӧȵ˵ʲôҽŮӣ̸£Ǹҽֿ͸Ϊ磬ЩĶѡ
ŮΣŮŮΪѲϡ棬㾪ȣû˵½ǿһԱͬס˵Ҳû㶼ʱ񽻹ˣϲ
ϲϲٶ۵صͷ
Ǻϲʱһ۾Ʋ֣̲סҪ
û½ǵ˰룬ߵ޲ۣ˼úõģϹ֡
µƤ͸ű죬ûǸ˼
ֻʦѡ
½ǻɵؿûУ
ҡͷûС
ôʦ뷨ʦ֪ҪŻˡ
ͱΧתС㶯˶򣬰ʾ
һʱ䣬Ȼ˽˼ߵȻ
šСֱӿ˻⼸ͷԹɢ˴롣
˲٣ϵЩľҲ

ֶˡ
֨ѽ
ű򿪵۾һԭʧֱ¥¡
Ǹմţ㱻ͻȻֵһ¡
ôĶܽ𣿡ʵЩ
ԡʵ棬ֵԸ
ɫһֱ䣬ҲĻһһ¡
Ϊʲô

˲ʱͻȻȥ㲻˰ɡ
Ųһ٣ȥ
ӡ
ûеȵһ䴫ֻЦһ䣺ٻᡣ
Ǵʧ½ǺҲˡ
ǰݣʱеֽƺдʲô
½ߵߣ˿꣬ȵ˻е㱾¡
걻ϵ˫κãΪѪοʳľȫ˴롣
쿴ʱ£Ҳ˿ûٿȥ
ʲôһžʹյʱϣ۾ֽ
ʱ֪뿴΢תֽ˲࣬ߡ
ûʲô
һ㶣Լ
Ŷ
įشۣЩί
ͻȻһ͵͵ĺЦ̧ͷպò׽Է۵һЦ⡣
ʱڶ
ʱȻᶺ
ƲƲ죬̯֣ҿ
һֽϸָŷУȵĺ΢ָ
΢̧ײ˫ףʱ˿̣ӳԼ
ֻһˡ
û˵˭ģ
㲻˰ɣ
̺ҽɵĻصڶߣæͷſֽϵɫ
վҪȥġ
ʱҲֻһˡ
ƽָֽ壬˵Ĳġ
һֻ˳ϡ
ⶾҩһš


55
æ, ȥҩֻһǣһǻʮǧ
̧ͷȥʱ, ƺܲȻҲŪΡ
Ǹҽͬ˵ʲôˣ
û˵ʲôʱֽҩת˲㻯촷ۡ
Ķһ, æGѽ˵һ
ûסʱ̾˿ЩΡ
ôͻȻɵ㶵ġ
գգ۾, ȷʵǼζҩѾˣֻʮİ
ǰҽ˵Ļ, ʱƺԸⶾ
˽ⶾķӣΪʲôԸء
ԥ, ûжʣҩϵĶᾡȫ

ʻ, һ
½ǳȥ鿴ʱɫÿ
ôˣʵ
ڲ׺߾Ҫ׺, Ҫ
½ǿ, ̾׺⾳ˣŵӳ롣
ŴϱԷ׷ףӶȵ׺̽, ַ⾳, ⲻǰ, ô𣿡
ʱȻ, ͸⣺ֻûô򵥡
߳, ǰµĲ׺ɺ󣬿һƬ·ƻ֮ȥ
½ǿһջߣ߸첲Сط䡣
ůԺ紫ͷȥ˳ֻǽڷϿ˰롣
С㴽䣬̧΢΢һ
˶ʱǰ󱳣һ㶣ֻļϣɻ󿪿ڣǡ
ůˣ˷ʲô½˵ֱ׳ƳԱ߿һѧŵ㡣
תͷΪмһˡ
ĬĬԶһ㣬Ŀһʱϡ
ȣᡰѽһʱԼ
ط䡣
ʱ
½ǣ
٣١
ʱһǻһ䣺Ͷഩ㡣
ԪӤڵʿ䣿Цء
Ȼȥɣ׺ܵõЩ׵Ϣ
ʱĻҲе½Ǳŷµ
˾ҽ֣֮Ѻõò࣬ŻָǵĲ׺ӣѹƵĽ˵
۫ŹҵģǼĿ̫˵ڲ׺ڣ˶ӣ»鷳λ֮ģպ󶨻ᱨл񡣡
½ǲ⣬Ȼ֪۫Ź㣬һᰲȫ١
½곯һҾΪ׺֮£ͲýλǣͲˣڴл
λ׺Ҳ
Ǻðɡ½Ҳౣأ
һ˰ݱŽȥǺͲ׺෴ķ
һ
죺׺һѣϸڿ漰أǲǲ׺֮ˣ˵Ҳ޹
½Цĸ첲޵ҼҰ
Ŷ
߰ɡ
󣬵ɼʿɶѣɫЩ
½һѪ½ۺеǹ̫ۣǲһ㣬
½üºͣһιԺ󣬲ǳ֮ɫ
ǡ½ǶǰŮûʲôӡ
Ƴǵ㣬ǰһ㿴½ʱڼ֮ɫְ⣬ʧֻǿš
յߣ˰ѻ𣬡ҪĶ˰
û˼ʲô
㣿ŶҼǵ㣬ƳǶӣͽܡ½ǹֻ񣺡
ֵ˵ƳǵӸʮʦΪڴˣ
㿴۵׸Ц⣬ʮǱҴʦ㸺ҷʦ˲鿴׺Ƿ죬ڲ¥ϼһʧ
ᣬʦˡ½۾תתһʦˣ
Ȼ˶ˣʼ䲻ǿϧˡ
㣺ˡ
½ȻҲ˵ǰ׺Ѿ⾳ˡ
Цָ̯ջҲΪ˲׺££ͬϸ˵˵
ã½ڴӦߡ
СĸˣعͷԭزˣЦտϡ
㿴ЦôġߣٲȥĶҪˡ
첻ֻǿǰ˵ЦıӰ
̧ŸϣƽʱһЩ
ʱҲȥȥˣȴ˸ա
һתͷԭվߵ˲֪ʲôʱȥһֻ֣ʣģӰ
ʱ
һ޼¡
æȥ
ʲô
ʱǵӰսһڣʪխСֻ߹
ڱ⣬Ҳͣ
Ѹʲô
ʱЦʣҹ𣿡
˷һֱԱ߻ƣһȥ㲻ˣһһʵ֣һ¶Ҳװˣߵڡ
ǡתͷͫ޹⣬еĹףͬϻׯһһ𣿡
ʱ΢üԼΪԣ
þõȲӦʦһЦ˫ͫҲβˡ
޹⣬Ӱʱֻ߳һЦ޷Ǹ֮£ΣҶȥ
һԣͲˡ
˵תߣʦͻȻֵҲգԸ㡣
ͫ΢Խʱڣ𣿡
ʱƫͷһĨӰ

ôˣ
ߵߣһ䣺֮ǰ׼׼
ʱ
˾Ҫߣȴûק
㡣
ʦתЦһԣ
㣡ЩȤߵʱһ
ʱ̾˿ûٶվߡ
ʦ׼ù׺ͭǮʵʲô
ѿڶ
ʦһ٣
Ҫһ
ʱɫ΢ɫع۲
ԥɵʵ㣿
ʦܡ
ˡ
ϤĶͭǮڳͬʦԺȴͬĽ
ʱһ˾ߣһ䣺ƭӣ
ߵڣֵ̧ۣ˵
ôͻȻ˰û˵ء
ʲôʱֱ˵ʦĻʧƣһԵ֮ɽ⡣
ҾЩͦеġ
֪Ϊʲô˵𣿡ʱ
۾һתϲ㶮󰡣
ʱ
̾˿ɫӣΪҵĽһġ
˵ֶ֮ͬ£ôܽͬ
һ㶣Ӧŭƭӣ
˲УʱͻȻʵΪʲô
ɹǣǰ·һƬ;̹Ӧῼ²Ŷԣʲô
һ˵ûԼʱܻ⿴ءһĵѹ£ЦŷʻȥΪʲôŪңҸոտɶˡ
Ϊʱʱ㱣ƮƮģţܣпǷ
齣ĿǷʦԼʦŵĿǷԺѵĿǷľʿĿǷ
ʱв֪ضɽ죬£ʮҲᵽԼϡ
۵װͷһԾס֣ȥů֣ʵأ
ĪʱЩʱۿȣѽ⣬·صظܵʱľ
Ǹʦ˵ڲˣǲ˵ڲˡ
ԣҽ˵ʱԸⶾǶǲǡ
ڡ
ʱĻסһ
ʲô
޵òѣ˵ģҲ벻ʵʲôˣһ߿һߺ
һ˲䶨ס˰㣬һɤӺöˡ
ʱ
˭ˣ˭˵Ҫˡ


56
ʱʵڲ֪˵Щʲôͣ, ֻܸɰͰ˵һ䣺ˡ
ᣬûЩ޶ֹסˡ
·߹һλƼ, ĵݸʱһɾӣʾæ
ʱ׵лʵ, ò̾˿һ̧°ͣϸµؽϵһһȥ
ʱɫ棬˿ûע⵽ҿ, Ҳûָŵļ¶ȡ
ƯСɾʱָù΢۽, һᡣ
ˣĪҪ, ںö˶˵վǰʲô
ǼⶼǺ, ֻȦһھϸϣ־§סֳһ˼, ţ̫Щ
ˣ
ͷ, Сءšһ䡣
ʱִԼˣָֻյĮӣǾ߰, ǸʳЩʲôˡ
е, Ÿճͷ, ۾һգ, С𶹾͵
ʱ
ʱ󷽵ظһֻ, ǣȥָĿջȻѰ˸С½ڵķ䡣
ߵǰŴվڷ⣬ʹߣҲܿʱԹ
ʱɿָ֣˵ֱ
⣬߹ȥʣôû棿
½ΪʲôҪ棿
ʱ΢΢üʦֶŽ̻壬ƽЩǰҲһʦӣôΪʲôģ
ء
Ҳһʣˣ
ֵؿһۣȻŲӲûС
ƲƲ죬ûС
׳˻ûС
Ҳܾվţ߰ɡʱк˹ȥ
ߵ¥ʿۼ֮Ѱ˸¡
СʶȤ߹תתɾҪʲôʳƣԴζҲǼõġ
һľһߣǺ뿪ڵӣСҲ봥ùͷ⼸յʿЩ鼱֮
ļٵģƺš
Сһˣʼϲ˵ѵƷƷŵ˵˸飬ֱ˵ÿڸ
󡪡
Цһ衣
СĬĬҧֲðɫǿЦˡ
ҿҲƷֺʳôʱ⼸㶼Թʲô
ԭǵЩ
̣Ѿ۰㡣
ð
Ǿͳ
ȵǺĵСŲʱصһƲˡ
ʱˡ
С
һԵöǱԲ˼ûꡣ
˾ǲŶԱ߼˵̸ۡ
û뵽⽭ǿᣬôӳϵ棬߷ΣԼȥ
ǽأô˵Ҳǻʿý㷭죿
˵ţԱϵʿ廰Ұ˴̵ֶӵ̵ڲ׺ţǰӳ˱÷ģ˰ҹԺ俴ŵվڴߣųë
Աòͷ˵ص㣡
ֵص㣡
㹴ʮʮǱ˲׺Щƿܣ߻ħ˽ĵ
˵Ļͽ˵ʱȥ֮һСЩòͨɻ˵ʱü֮ж˵ЩĻ䡣
ӦǸŮӣԼαװ
ʱջߵһ˲۾΢߿עá
ĽǶȣֻܿʱŲʹߵ졣
ʲô˲ŻջߣԱ߼гո˵һûмš
Щ˱û˵ʲôŮӼ״ҲװԺõͬ˵ֱߵĵ뿪
ʱĿеʱһ٣óţֻ⵶δЩ̫Щ
Ů˶¥ĳ䣬ɣ½ǵĸڡ
ջߣĿȻ£ǰ˵ͻȻһõ⣬ϸСĴ̶ɾˡ
ʱ̧ۿŮһЦ۾ҹǡ
ˣóԵģϸۣԡ
ϥϵֶ˶һδĿӣЩڿС
ۻڼǡôζɢ㻯˿˿뾭У񣬴ЩС
ôôһ˲˲ؿ
ʱ¿ӣ˫峺ӾͿһΪʧɫʱȻڵܺá
ǲпɣǺܺá
Ȼһ룬۾һͬˮеĺڱʯ̲סء
ʱŷֵһȤ£ֻҪշִ磬ܿ۵Եı仯
ʮ˼
㣬Ա߻Ÿ졣
ֹ˰㣬½ǲźü۴Цƺ̸
½¥ʱһ𣬾ִк룡
ţоϲؿ½ǣҲ֣ΪڽԼ
มֱ죬˻ңĵʮֻϲ
½һ˲Ҳ뵽һ㣬㿪ڽ͵ʦ㣬ˣҵİ档
˵ָڵλá
ɫʱһףΪԼŵЩΪ飬µĽôҲȥֻ˻ȥ˸ڣͻȻЩȻȥˡ
½ǵͷ˵һ䣺ע塣
ҲƵطط䣬űʱһСĶ
½ȥʱЦöᣬͲʱЦˡ
ЦʲôСһüߣԵȥҵİɾһ
ļȺߺߣ׻ǳԵͦð
䣬һߣϷһóԡ
½ǡһſ죬㱻͵°Իһֻŵµ֭Ū·
ʱĬؿһιʳһٷСû֡
ֱСˣ˲ƹ䷿ǸƳ档
Ϊʲôֻ䣿ʹһ䣬õ˴Сһۡ
ģлᶼץס
˾һ𽻻õϢ
񽭷ΪĺǳŰ£δ˽һǡ
˭Ҳ֪ڵΡ
˵ĺڵѹ½˵㿪ʼž֮ϴڵʿ̫һŷط䡢ˡ
𣿡
ȥҲ˱չض꣬λδطûڲ׺ùͷ㼫ٵ׺ȥҪҲԶ·ߡ
˭
С޾
޾ʲôط̸ľݵͼƺûἰ޾
½ǿƺЩԣβŵǴĸ깽ðģⶼ֪
һмʮڰʮһַ࣬Ϊ޾
ǹ
ͷ£ʲôС񣬡ӯԳʲôơ
Ŷһͷ
ǹ׺ǿǸ鷳á
ھֻһţڹǰֻӣûав
½ҲЩɣȻھԵľѹǰҲϲʵ
׺ʲô϶ˡ
һ뷨ʱһǼǣ̫Ҳȷ
οҲֻǴš
˭
ͻȻһ޹齣ৡسʣ˲ƴ
漴ײ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʱųס˴ˣֱӽק˽
ĬԱһ㶣ҲûӦ
ק˫ؿǡ
ⲻǷ¥Ůװ
ʱ˫вõ֤ʵǰѹֿĵʵխһ
΢΢ף


57
ֱӵ, ûз˫Ŀڼ˼ߣ½, Щ̽
½
½ǱͻȻһսŷʱˡͻȻ, һᣬȽס
ԼСֻ˵ͷ
ͬλ޽飬ֻǰ氢ȥ׺ʱ, ˵һ潻̸
ǺˣΪλͬ⼸һ
Ļ˵֣˽ǲ⡣
½ü, Щã⻰δЩʧǶҵ, Ϊβͬһ𣿡
ѡ
ɫᣬ˫ٳδ, з֮ɫ
̽ӳΪѡ
½ǣ
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ʱڽǰ㻻ӷֻǼ, ƻ, һۿȥ˭Ҳ뵽ĵӣ·ʵʵҶ꼻ӡȷʵ˹
ҲαװʿеĽ
ֲ, Լ϶ġ½ǿ, ƣ, ͵, Ⱑ
Ŵ, һͻȻһ¶Ȼһһת
ӳĵһǿͣ
Ȼ̧ǰֽӵŮˡ
ӷ翰ԪӤɵ˫ۿʱĪͷ­أܿƵҪ
һʼңΪʲôʱزԼʱ۵¶ͬ
Ǵޡ
Ǵδ
Ȼ䣬Ŀƣƿһը죬ֱȡ׼
һԵ½Ǻһһ˱Ǹ죬Ѿ˽һ
ֳ޹飬һһ̽§˹
ָΣյӣ۵ӿɱ⣺ʲô
ʮˡƶ˵ͷԷ¡
ʱʮˣܡ
֪ʵݵһͬüͷĻе˼
пĲݵζˣеңЩ׺ܿ˾ΪĲݣ
ʲôˣ
Ĳݣƫͷչȥţһָش˻
ʱϵζ⼸ҩ΢࣬ǶȻѩ㡣
ͦŵġ
ʲôĲݵζ
˵ˡ
ûô֪ʱʲôζ
Ҫ˵һȣҷõҩȷʵпĲݡ

ãȻؿʱ
ǲţҧʵö˶˵ˣԿĲҩ
ʱ룬ɲǺö˶˵ˡ
쳼뿪ʱһƿҩ˵ǿĺشڽƷӡֻҩǿЩܻЩá
ʱ֪ҩ
ԻҩǳǷµĴʹҽȲݣ
ĲݸҶо綾Ӱ񣬿»áҴδ˵ҩ
û˵ʶ٣ôˣпĲݾʮˣ½ǻд̡
⻰һҭתʼˣǿ֪Ĳںδ
ɫĪ֪ǿ¸֪Ĳݵ
Ĳݶڰʮ壬ﶾα鲼ʿǰΨʮ֮˷Խʮʱɵá
½ץס©Ҳ˵ˣֲûȥ

α鷳ʱԣóƣעʶ΢ӫ⣬ųһҶ꼡
֪ʮ˻ٶմħ޷߶ɼ
ǰʢ꼻иܵ˶
˵ӣҶģ»λϵͽܡ
˫ʣ񣬡ʧˡ
½һһ˵׺ĽΣ¶ˣһԲѣһ³ç
Ҳ
ްʱע⵽Щϸ΢ɳҹ̸·
˵ߺλҲ뿪˲׺ӦѰ˿׷ܡ
Ϊʲôƫƫ׷˲׺߾ء
׷Ÿģ
жзʲδ𻰡
˼һۣת⡣
Ī½Ǻһ
ʱ˼š
˵ʮʱ⾳ΪΣ׺סģ⾳Ҳá
Щʿŷ
׷Ÿģǡ
ѵҲ
һµͷʱæ̫ӡһַֻɿӡ
ɫ˽ɣǴͷ
øϽߡ
ôˣʵ
½ǺҲʱһȶ˿ȴ㡣
Ȼ˵ߣʱתӡ󽫳ɡ
һ룬ͻȻضɽҡһ¡죬ǵ汻ʲôѡ
űǾ޺֮
һɺ𣬷·
ʱսɵĴҲں֮ţȻ޴档
ˡʱһתͷ⣬ǰһ̻յ⼸Ϣ䱻ǹĺ֣ϿպƷӿŨصīй
¿²ųаʮΧ˰ټҡ
ŵӶۼǰĺеĹи
Ǿ͵Щ
׺²ǽϢʮųôڰڵġԡЩɼҵӡ
Ǻư
ʲô

ѪħѪħˣ
澪ôһѪѾɢǺ˶ġ
½סһԵס壬תͷȥʱô£
ʱмˡ
δ˵ףĵ׾Ѿ˴𰸡
ʮһ
ƽϢ򴰱ߣ̽̽ͷ
ǴƬѪͲ֫ϱۣڽһֻ˸ߵĹѪŧһ
Ѫħ
ĬĬ˻ȥо֡
˱Ȼš
½ûǿʵʲô˼
󣬿ܿռ֮£Եø
ѪħԾſ˴ڣһ˫Ѫܵ۾ŷˡ
ε㲻Ҫ˵
½ǿѪħ³бһۣ㲻˵

Ѫħ³ɺѪͷ۾תŶ
ĸУ㡣
ߣ
ʱһ˷ɢӡ
֪ⶫԼ㳯ʱ෴ķߣѪħȻֹ
һѪħ
ѪĴǺɫþ˾ЩĻҷúܡ
·ʿ̽ͷ˭ѪħֻһĨӰӹѪħಽۼѪħ۾Ҫǽץסһէ֣ĽͻȻûӰӡ
ѼӷˣѪħŭͷѰЩʿæ˻ȥš
ʱһۡԺУ⴦լԺƺʲôѪħη壬ǹ˾Ƶߡ
ôˣֻ߬ʱһϸ
ոձǺһ˲űѪħ׷ϡ
һȷʵľ
Ҳȥ㲻ͱˡʱḧؿڿǽߣ촽΢΢Ŷ
¶ȶȻת䣬һæȥŮۣü޸˲˪Ǽ
ˡ


58
ôʱ˫ס߹, ͬʱע룬ͼůһ㡣
ʱͷϣԾسԴ, ձ䣬ò
żʵҩأҩ𣿡
ʱúͿ, ˵ʲôֻһζ
ĵӿΪ˾ʱҲᶾôôء
ҵʱɽ, ҳһҩƿģͬϴׯҽɸĺ
һ, ˿ʱ˪ҧҧǿҩͷ, ȡһιʱ
ҩ⣬һ𡣡
ҩ, ʱϣ˱ǰԺߡ
լԺɾ£ûס, ҵ˼ҽסһ, Ҳʱ洵硣
һ£ժˮأмβϷ
, Ƽһͤ, ͤһ, Ųժ, , ۰׵ӱһߡ
˭뵽Ѫħл͵ĵط·ЩѪȶ֮޹ء
ԶԶػһ
һλعͷ۵͸㣬ǡνģ
Ժöˡ
ǸŮӣƺһˣæӭȥ
ôˣ
ʱ߹Ҫֵ̧ĵЩ裬Ժһܿ˶Է֡
νʱ¡
һ㶣֣ЦģûҲûж⡣
û
ȻҲû뵽ٴοԷŮޱЩ׷۽ϸ΢ƣһ˵ʿģ̶ʱʹĺ޳ãҲָܻǰò
ǰˣȻ˥ϣȷʵûתļ
޷˶ᱻ͵Ϊλڴˣ
蹺кڵĴеˣῪڣƺ䡣
Ӧ§øЩԴԴϵע룬ԼЧ΢
ɣιЩȲ裬ӦЩתصͤ¡
ϣлл
ߣʱԼϣ忿ԼһֽӹŮ˵ݹĲյ
С̡蹳ѡ
ͷָ㱭棬һὣƱһȦɢȥ롣
һЩȷʱСôߡ
ʱʱѾûʲôʶǷжŴ̹ǵĺ磬ʹ̣ȫ˻濾𽻽ӣ
ȵҺŴ룬ʱ˶
û취ʣȲ¡
յ趼˳°ʵ·ϣæ̧ɾ
һòãţ֪Է˵Ļɻ̲סϸͬ˵Ż
㽭蹲ʱҲóе˲֢ͨ
ǰеĵǺͽĪʱḶ̌ʱĺǣ˭֪ҶСά㣬ðܰί
̾˿蹲ֽ¯ϡ
ǽ𣿡ôʣȴѾˡ
λģ£۵λģʿ϶õˡ
ǡϣһ²ŵҡѡ
˵ʱĪЩĲ鲻Ը䵽蹶ȴһ˼
΢пɬ
ȻλĹϵô򵥣Ů֪غѣ˵̻ͬһùϵ
ѹ蹿ǰ˴ϼɫɫҪˣ㽫ҷаɡ
΢ºͣȷʵû΢΢ףл
˴ԷůѬ㡣
ŵϰɣҲһֱŰɡ蹴Ц
ʵ˵žУŮ۵׵ǳЦĪöȣҲôź˵Щɵ
ǵ˼ҵԷл
˺úõطŵϣӸǺãͬλĹ˵˵һֻֽ߬ţֱɼֵ֪˶ˡ
ֻ˳Ŵ£ʱȥͷ亹
֪ǲҩ⣬ʱѾûôˣͬѩɫûа
ƹ߹һĻֹĵ׵ľ¡
㣡һˣ
ͷһ׿ȥо֡
óʿҾֻ߲͡
æ͵£ҡã˺ǡ
˵գ˳ȥš
㣬㿴ҸϲԵĶһµʳд߹
Ц̧Ҫӹ̻ǵҵϲá
Ȼ
ЦٿסĿؿԷ
㣬ˣ
š蹲û˵Ҳסңһˡ
𡣡ƣʳ͵УȥڴԵƬ̡
̤ڵ˲䣬ֱƣԳһѵ
磬һģӰŽ
ôĵӣҽҰķ䡣۵״ŭ⣬Ѫһ
ͬʱҲгʡ
潣ײм顣
ͫٿصɴʶ߬˽㡭
Ǹؾ˵ʮ֮ˡ
֣ʹֻɽôɵ¡
ԡ
Ǹ൶
ѹѪħҿ
򴽣͸˷ܣѪֹͬһ˷ܡ
̣Ŷ룬ǽü
һ˲䣬̱ɱ⣬ѪҲټ
صĺܿ죬Խ蹲ûпոɷһ档
ָ̧Ŵ߻δսһڹϣ㣬ңŪġ

ͣȴһವĻǰ˵Щ˵ĻҾɱ㣬Ǹ
ǵҲ֪˭˵Ļ
սʣ񣬱һʱ嶯ˡЩһᾡ⳥
Цѣطϡ֪գ
ʱһʱҲˡ
蹣蹣Ǽý̡
вãü塣
ҹǱڴ˴Ϣɡ˵̣λʱ˵òᣬ㿴ûʲôҩõġ
˳Ӧͷá
̧˹ȥֵĿ̧֡
˹ȥæҩˣ˯һͺá
򽭷ֻ̣˲˵Զһ㡣
۵ӿмصˣ˭ĵ̡
Σηӣ»ҶƴҲɱ㡣
ɱңʲôЦʮ׷ûǰ˾ȻҿڳҪɱ
΢΢̧°ͣҪ˵ʲôͻȻƳ飬һ˲̣βŵ˭ģ
ԣʲô
ѵúƢ˵һ飬Щϵ飬˭ģ
Ҳ˼֣Щ̽
˭ģġ˵ǰʮˣ˭֪ʲô⡣
һĿԽϵˡ
Ĳݡ
Եҩʲôҽɸİɣ
ȣô֪
ͷİɣȻҩ˾ͲˣϺȻһĨζЦ
û£ˡ
û˵꣬Ž뿪ˡ
ߺæܲ½磬Ҳû˼൶󼸾仰˼
Ϊϵˡ


59
ʱ, һĴĿںһ͡
̫ˣŵԷڴɢ嵭,
Ҫʲô
һۣˡ
һֹֻ˹Űʱһ, ֻš
ļ仹ͣѪħֵһ˲üԶɿĨӰҪץסʱһƬհ, ȻعʱѾӵһԺǽ¡
ôԶľ룬ֻԪӤ, Ӧġ
˲ƹȥʱܵһɲԼڵת
һűʵԲ, ѳһ϶©, Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʦ
̫ˣˡ
Ծʱ˿, ع, ڵķ俴
Ķ͸ߺİƺЩġ
ŵЩƺЩ, ̫˵լԺ
ʱ
ɫãȻһ˲, ΢΢ƫͷ, ʷ
Ŀƿ, ̾˿
ȴ˶Ժġ
², Ѫħƫƫӵ˼ϳˡ
ƿ´һֱֻ˹ĸ첲
ʱһۣû˵ʲô
Ȼʲôһץסֱֱ֣ؿ˫ֳֺǲǸҳҩˡ
Ȼⶾôôͱѹˡ
ƿҩûԣ˭֪˵ĸõʲôĲһǸþʧء
ЩãΪʱ˵ԹĻֻĬĬ
бۣܵ۽΢䣬ָȥ͵ͿڵҩҲˡ
ʱһüĵ׻ʢֱӰϣŭûжʲôҩһҩ
Ļһҩʲô⣬һ𡣡
Ŀԣʱƿۡ
ɿ֣ͺһɵӡ
ȴЦ˵Ը⡣
ʱԼûʶǳǳ˴ǣ̧ųȥ
һţ㿴һ˷ŵߣ봹ͷУ˿顣
̧̲ͷſվˣ˵ȥԷ
Էô氡
ûԲˬĵֲһ䣬ҰԸģǲȥҲȥ
ʱ۵вζɷѪҲ΢΢
ƺ˲ȥԷһ̾ͻεǡ
ʱһȥ
ߣת·
Ͱ˵ţƫƫӵġ
ʱں棬Ըоǰ˷ų
쵽ʱʱͻȻע⵽ǸŲЩɷҲһɶ
һ𣺡㣬Ұ˴ˡ
ٲȻ˲ŸеĻ
ڳڸϣĪΥ͡
ʱ
תͷɫ糣޲졣
ܵĿ⣬ƿڣǰװһס
˼ĸһˡ
ʱһʱԡ
ȵȡ
ʱȻסߵĲǲ׺ĳΪҲн㣬λǲ׺ϵϵѹֶɽõ
սɺ¥Ҳ֪˺㡣
˴ɺ¥լԺУʲô
ʱĵ׵ʵõ˴𰸡
̧۱㿴Ůˣַ꣬Ͷ価Գŵʣǳۻһ
ݵھݲʿΪٶżУʹҽޣҲǰŮ˰º޺
һʱ˾õˣ֪飬ΪļԵʣ΢Եв
ǰˣһûУһƬš
޷
˼̫ͣãʱȻһ˫ҲҵԼ

ڵķˣһʱҧԷˡ
ʱһԼá
Ĺ￴ȥöˡ˵Žһ뼦ݹȥ֬ȥúܸɾɫЦ֪ǴǲóԷģǺȵɣůһůӡ
лʱӹ
㣬ҲҪһͲʱˡ
ǻ𣿡
ô˵ţɽ蹻룬ʢһЩ
ݹȥʱС̡
̺ҲԱ߻ˣͳŽá
ЩΣȴҲ
ٷԵƽǽ˵ҪҪǸֱߣƫƫֻҪ蹼иġ
ҲѧӳʱҪһ۲ʵ
󣬽蹱̺ȥϢʣ
Ҳһķģðһźɷ
Ѫࡣ
޹齣
֪ͦ㵽ͣ۾΢תǹаЦźֿϧֲ̫ȴ˿̵ɱΣնˡ
ڰķϣҿѡ
Ļδ˵̫ˡʱǿ̸̸ס
ƺĻȤ̸֮ʲôʲôף
㡣
Ȼἰ蹣ĸٿüɱڵضŶ治֪ˡ
ʱɳţ·ԷķӦԤ֮У˵ݣھݣԶߡ
˼Ц
̧͵һӣѪৡৡһʣ⿰ͣʱǰ
ǰ֮һֻƣϵ顣
̿һۣⲻǰ
͵˿༸Ҫ
ʱְֽ̧ˡ
ҿ԰㡣
㣿̲м
ؾʱԷΪγԱһԶɽȻó
а취
ͿԴȥؿѩˡ
ʱɶ㽫ɺ¥һһլԺ޷ھߡ
û˵Ĭˡ
ɺ¥ﶼзԼܹʹ룬߶
ûԼ룬ܲסпܱ
ͬͨʿ죬ھݴءʱ׳Ķ
ٿ̧ۣһһ棿
ʱͷ
áѪҪʲô
Ȼǽףô˫Ҫá
ֻʼ⡣
ʲô⡣
ʱѹüۣû˼š
һ⣬̽½ڲʮ򡣡
ڶ⣬Ǵ˷ĿΪΡ
⣬ʮûһŵˡ
һʣ̲δشվע
Ұ⣬Ҿ͸㡣
áʱڴӦ
תȥһ䣺첻Ҿɱ㡣

ߺлһƬ磬½½ֳ˲İǰˡ
ʱڲʮʲô˼û
ˡʱƮЩԶ
ع񣬷Ѿһˣ˿վ¹ͶµһƬл׿Լ
һˣ¹紵ķƶ͸΢⣬Ʋۡ
ʱþһ˰
ţЦŻֳȵң


60
һխ, ѪħӴΨһһڶ
괭Ŵצǽڻ֣Ŀ̰ؿǰͶ·ˡ
ʿһ, ɵͷ¹չʱܷ֣һ˴ŵʵǰ£ǱѪȾ˺ɫ
ŽźĺŮ, ۵״Ÿļ
룬ߣˡ½ǰۣҰұһƬɺ֮ɫ
Żǽ, еǹղסѪɫ, Һ˳۽ǲܵƤҲѪħץɼǵ˺, ʺѪ֮ɼħϢ
ҲߣᷢŶѪ͸, ϣⶼѪ½ǵġ
֪˵ж, , ˡ
½ԽԽͣЦóˣԻ
, ͻˣ׵غǳһ, Ѫħһһ, ޹ġ
Լ, Լס½ǡ
ͷѪħƺҲ֪ڽ, δż֣צһĥʯǽ̶ڴ˿̼ľ
һùʱͻĳ˲ϿȻȻҲ
ѪħСԡͷ­ȥ룬ʱ˿ҪѿЦ
ҧÿ֨죬侲ԱѪħⷢ
ƺ̲ȥȻһתȥҪѪħնϡ
ͷѪħˣݵǽԾӹĽһһ㿪
ſǽϣƵ
һ룬˸ߵȻ͵졣
ֻʣ°Դ๾ðѪݣ˿ۿɼٶôһ㳤죬ѵϴƺЦ
һƽǰӿ޴ƽͷֻҪôһ֣΢ĽޱԴ
ԲбѪħûô˺ݺˤ˳ȥҲȻתճһ飬ǽϢٵˡ
ѪħͷһԹɱ⣬ۻá
󲽳½ȥ֣Ҫ˺飬һһڳԵ
ɻδһƬ½ǣͻȻһС
סһһٺ
Ѫħʱŭһתֱúʯǽ
һһ£ŨصѪԺͷ
ʯǽҳһѺۣ󳹵̮ҧ´ǿԼѡ
Ѫ⣬ڵ̡
ʿԴڵڣʹݽҲһս֮Ǳǡɢ
Ϊɢȼս𵤣Ǹð취
Ψһܽİ취
ɢͷû˿ԥ̶֡
ȼյٶȼǣȫ켸̲סʹ
۽ǻѪᣬĲʡ
չ󣬽ҲҲٲǸ׵ķˡ
ʦŶ࣬ҲʦĽ̵
ڡ
Ƿ½һ
ѪħڷɢЩŽѪᣬбɱ
ѪħӦ㻯һѪ
û֧ţʵˤڵϡ

꣬Ʋѹ£˻㱾Ҫݶϡ
ռ˵ĽֵʱʱӲŵ
Щŷʿ̽ͷȥһѪ˱һһһѵǰߣǿеĳǹ
ۼϳûһ˸ǰһЩ̰֮˵˴䣬Ҳûͷ
󣬴ţ˭Ҳ֪ѪħĸٳѪħԵˣǶʣ¡
ٺãҲڡ
ЩĬĬ˻ȥ͵ûһĻ
쵽ˣͿ쵽ˡ첻֪Ҫ½ȥĶֻ֪һʱָǣǱ߲Ѫħиطǰȫġ
Ҫ½Ǵȥ
𵤻ʣһС룬Ѿûˣֻüȼս𵤣ȱš
ÿ̤һһ´ѾûкõĵطҧѪģ
Ĵ̹ǵۣһԵرߡ
ֱ·ߵͷһ͵լԺ
ҵˡ
Ц˳ҲѹסѪӿвӿű
ϵвü촽˶͵һ룬𡭡
Ļ壬첢⣬ƫͷ½΢Ķͷۡ
һȻڱˮ½ǵֱϣˮһ˳ָڵϡ
صӰֶᶨ
߹ĵϣͦε˲һֽ̧ŵѪħסڡ
䣬ûа
˭Ƕģ
ֻѪħûʶУҲ
һ˦Թ۵ʿصĵط
Щ˼Ѫħ߹һαװƨˡ
ŵѪħֿʼһֵ׷ɱ
˵޳飬ô尡Цдһ߳˱ָḧš
ϸһ߬ס˲亹Ӷǹ¡
ǲ˫ϥƲס䣬ͷ治뿴λˣô֣ҪǸɵԼΪסɾιѪħˡ
ΪҲɱ㣿
һŨ߽ƣĿųӡ
ƫͷҪԶһЩϽкţɱңŹģ
޳Ϊ⼸ˣŲţʮȫ⣬һü
ʱɴ۾˾Ȼô
ĵ׻̲סĥ仰
ʮλУһֿӱʵ͵ģҲΨһһûмĳ
Źģ˶Է۵Ũصɱ⡣
ԽԽͷ
ǡǸѪħҿƣżڽ͡
ĺˡ
ɿǵϣħΪһ塣
ֻѪħʶҿƲסҲ֪Ϊʲôᶢ½ǡʵش
޳һһ䣺
ֹʧˡ
ɫ׽ӣĿڻȥĵطЦ˳
ȥĶãƫƫȥǸŮ˵Ļ
ǴʬɽѪģʲôԣ䵽类Ѫħˡ
бȳѪħֲĸʱһؿŵǰˡ
ûһõģѪĴŪˡ
Ű㡣
̣ǲ˰蹵ԽԽƺߡ
˲份Ѫιһ߸ӦĻûУǷ紵ġ
ҪµʱԺͻȻð˳
Ѫѽͬʱʧ˻ᣬ䲻Ѫϡ
蹵ĽŲͬʱ˵·ոʲôҲû
ĵһۣȻת̧־ס˽蹵۾
𿴡
ûֻ֣Ƕ˶ӣüôѪôأ𣿡
ʱѾ˷˽ȥͷյøңڽǰֲòѹ£ǣģʱڣǲµġ
ЦǾͺá
̻ǰǸƯС
ȥϢɣȥ
ͷ
̰ͻԷ˯ŭѰѪҵǼˡ
ôʲô˶ܽ
ʱɫأ½ǵҪǱץ˵۾ΪʧϣҲ֪١
Ϊ֣ͣô˳
ʱ̧ͷȥӻĸ䲻ڣһҽ޹

˭أ


61
ʱôҲû뵽, øȥѰҽޣԷȻѳǴ˹
Ǽιȡ
ʮˣʱ, Ϊơ
Ϊ뿪ҽȺ󣬾ҽںͽվһ, ƺʮ
ûܿӣֻԼػɵͳ䣬벻, ڻиõѡ𣿡
Ŷ, Ӧ˵ľݣҽȲ, ûбõҽˡ
˵գƫͷ, ˵ϲŵˡ
΢΢𣬡ܾȡ

ʲôʱ֪ǳǳ֣ôġĲա, ҪĶҲô򵥡
֪ʲô취ýСİ㲻ܾ, Ѱʿ
ʱ򴽣Ȿͽ̵Լ񳼴½Ǻڡ
á
Ӧ, Ǵ, ǰһĨ, ֮, СʮŸ
̧ȥ, һ٣ֻܾһ
ʱʱץסֱۣڳ۵ӿ㲻á
ֻ֣˵ܾȣδ˵ȼ
һżҪôȡ
ţɫ˵ˣֻܾһ
˵ţָѪ̳죬ˣ죬ճճþĵرһҲֻɴ齣ͷ졣
𣿡
˵գԽ죬½Ǹƿأ׼ȷشѨλٷֺע
Թȥ˶ʱ˷ӦŻʹüȴҲ߳Խҧš
Լ˰ʱ䣬ǽ뾡ջأְԭⲻظڵϡ
˵òأֻϹֻۣڡ赭д˵Ȼʩ࿴һۡ
˵ƾ۵ףǴ֪Ϊʲôһ˳Ǹӡ
̾˿ָ˵˵䣬ݽߵĵһȦȴδҵеĽ𵤡
֮УҲֻȼ𵤣ԶܳܵŻὫȫһسŶϿ
ĵһ˿ݣδһΪһˣʿԸԱҲԸɢ˵ɢܻһպʹȴǧٱһĻЩ˺һƽӹµµǰð֣һЩģǽ𵤾٣޴档
µĽ
Щ棬ôû
ɱʲôˣǻʿ˳ӣƶˡ
ϹָֻۣĿ½ɼǵ˿ƿ䵽ϣ˵˾䣺㲻ҽ˶ܾȻΪҲȲҲβá
ǣ
Ц˰㣬ҽŸֱ̧˹ȥ
ॡһ죬ӴϸСǣ˻ȥֱȽס
̧ۿȥʱһǿŮǰ˪ʡ
Ҳһ˲ܶ
֪
ûֽѵһ°ˡ
Ǳʱ˽׿һۣüͷ΢΢ѹѹʾЩ
ڻ֪ǵǲʮˣ½Ǻ춼δѣܳ嶯¡
һƫͷҲûٿ˵
ϸؿ룬ȷ̧ۿʱҲˣˡ
ʱָֻ֣ҪùͿԡ
Ǻͽͬʱ̧ͷȥʲô͸ݶ졣
˼ǡ졣
һЦ𣬽ϴŲмôŮ˵Ĺ
ḧƣζ˵һ졯ˣʲô¶룬ʲô˵ó
⻰˭óڰЩ̲סǰһȴֱʱ
ʱҲգɤЩЦȻοǿھ±Уô󵨵ƺҲ̫С
֮ǰ˵Ѿ˵˳ǵĻʱҲ֪ʱݣС
ѹؾʱһҲֻǽĽ˻ȥûֺ
µ֮ӣ㾳ԪӤҲ㹻˼ɵ
ǰ
ʱƺʮİգҲ÷Ż˿ʼ
̰Űɿʡ
ֻʱһָˡ
Ҳ
ǣ
ҽЩ޿ҧ˵ˣȲˡ
룬´λǵðѿܿӴϣһ⻰ظˡ
ܾȡʱ϶
ȷųܾȣֻȡ
˵ʦֶκһǰҲܲܡ
ߣأ
ʱҲһͲ˵ģ
˽ţ˭Ҳá
ô˰ΣͻȻһ
æȥΪ½ˣû뵽ľȻ졣
ֻ˿ʱоȡ
ͬ죬ӦŪŶԡ
һߣҲںո˵ˡȡĻ
д⻹ͷһΡ
ָ̽ȥԭϾ˴˿һɲһ
ܾⱾǶɽٹͻƾе£ôᷢһ֮ϡ
ǰ˼⣬һְ̽ȥȴ޲ӿ纣һȥؿڡ
˱ɳȥڽ̷Ӧÿ죬ڰ£һͬײϡ
ǵͿϱһ̲Ѫ
ˡ
ַ̧סѨȻԥظԼ롣
̿λһڻ
ڷӿƽϢһѾȫûѪɫȤؿŵϵˣǹһĨЦ˼
̧Ǳ߻վŵˣˡ
ʱ˿Ц̫ˡ
һתǰûˣʱˡ
˳Ž̺ҽɵ߻ͷʱҲҽɸոͼע
𣡡
ҽɰһ¿ɲᣬȻҲƵѨԾȡ
ľ߹ȥҪʱȴһվ
ʱ˴ָ⣬ʳָϲƵļ˿߶Ȼૣƺǡ

̺ͳǶһۣ񽻻㣬̱ںϢֻȥ
չ߷ɣֱײϿգһͬһĺסʧ
˰ʡ
ʱ֪û
ʿֻ֪ܳɣл棬ڷʯ𹩷
Щ꣬Ҳû˭֮˵ңɼ˻ҲǧǰķܣɵʿҲ༽Щ
ƬԺ⣬Ѫմǰȥ
˵գ̴ų뿪ӰЩ
ʱ˷ŵϣȻЩҲ¡
һҹʱĪ
ͷá
߰£͸ֱĵط
ҹ˾꣬һЩһӵԡ
ʱۣĳʱٿֱԴһһѧСס
һը죬֮䱻յòҰһƬ
ճǰ˵Ӱ
ǸŮˡ
ò̧š
ʱûӦʱעȫ⣬ûһԵ۾Ȼɤ˭
ʱ
ſһЦ͵ؾѣɴ۾ȥ
ߴ򿪣Ǳһɼķ紵Сĵػӭˡ
ϻʱµķ
ôڣҲƣ
Ůᣬȴĵ׾
ŵضſڣվ
ŷһʱһۿŮͫ
߻ħ
ԣʶѣڡ
΢ʱһסҪ߹ȥ
ֽգƽʱȵĴʱʪһƬ
ں£
ʱزĵЩ⡣
һ룬ѿߵǸİŮߣỽ̡


62
̧̤뷿, ·ʱ΢΢Ŀϡ
ֻ֣ոձŮ
ˡ
Ϊ˵, һǣֻ֣˿ɾӲá
ҵĻ𣿡
һ߻صŮ˵Ļ
ͬйܵ֫Ӵ
סҷ˵, ȻҾǰ
ĴһʹĦһƬƤ
׾࣬Ȼʲôۻմ档
ش𡣡̧ͫз⡣
һ, æͷǰĻû
ĦüѪ, ָ֣ͣḧȥ, һɼǡ
Σ֮ʱú, ԭȻΪŮʮλλֻǡ޾λ
ɿʱʱƷǰв²⡣
ʮô
ɹ, λ̡Ů, ˣ
ʱŴԼûʶʱ˿ɫж
һ߿ọֻ̈̄չƱ˲ֲ, һҲ˵ʲô
ǵƵ, ΢΢, ۶һ˫ֳֺӡ
Ц, ʵλǣ
¼ڵ, Ļǲ
ֻͬУ졣ɿػش𣬺ʱ˵ڡ
ᡰŶһβ﷢ë
죿
ʣͷҧ죡
Ǳʱɫδ䦿īŨóס
˳ǣĮԣ졣
˵գϲԹԵصһѾˡ
Ȼ죬ǾͲҪҵָ
ʱû
֪˶Ҫߣʱһѳǰӣʲô
ԣָ
һҪȥʱһ۵ɵýסˡ
ѪҺ̣һ˸С
ʱ̬ȷ޴ĸı䡣
ʹϲԣȴǷ츲ذ㡣
ۿ΢죬ĬĬ̧֡
ǼҪסŵĽУ̧ǰˣ̧ǰһ
һʱ½ضᴩ
ɵҪ˵Ůʱʱܵһֲˡ
ŮһƽʱźŴߣ
̡ںỽһ
ͣʱЦʣôˣ
ϵѡð̻ʱϡ
ʱָն˿ô졣
ضʱʹɫ嶯
˭ʱһҲûֱӺˡ
񺮳ǧ
һˡ
Ϊղ˵ǲ죿
΢΢ƫͷ󿴡
Ȼսսߵߣڡ
ƺ˵úأҪҪҰǿָֻǸƢӣˮ
ȵؿֿ˿ʱⲻ̵˼Ը½Ǻ쿴һܺһЩ

ҪҪҪҿˡ
ԥƻڶߣ㲻ܿƵõ˵ͷӲؿ˿ڣҪ

һ˲ƾѩŴϺϷ
һӰһαڷѩһʱ
Ҫ˳ֹ
ѩȻһͣһ㱡ѩŵ÷˺ͽܿƵ浹ȥ
ڵϽ˺ͽڻͷĿ⣬˽
ôҶ֣Ӹµؿ
ͷӽҧؼһ仰ҡ
һǴ°ͱ̧Ȱǰ
죿Ϊƭң㲻԰
˽˽ۣûкЩ¡
ǣˮ֮ͨͨû
𣿡ʡ
ˣܸܵʱĺȻ֪û
弸ͳ˿տӣҰһڲеĶôţ
ûشתȥϵˡ
۱ħʴڱУ棬ԺҲǸ鷳

֣й£Ȼһ
ɶѲڣĻʲôˡ
ഥ˲䣬һۣʱ㵽һ˵ʶڡ
һ翵û뵽˻㣬裬þò
·Խǧ֮ã軺תڿĨӰʱ΢

˵ͷǰպ¶Цݣɵ˫۾ʱЩ⣬һˡ
׷Ҳû뵽ġ
ûлشĻֻԵ޹ʣô
ǶΪ˱˲źѪħƴಫʵڿϧڶеǡùܰ޸˿Լ黯壬οҲǺĿġ
農ؿ
Ҳһ¡
輸룬֪˵£ѩ򣿿ѹǧˣҲѾˡ
ܲʲôҲ֪ˡ
ֻЦҲûл
˶վĬ̿
裬ɹΪ۲ŽѪħھ֮£ΪֻĿƽؿѾ˴𰸣֪𣿡
ͫһ£սҲ֪
áӰɢԸһаá
ʶعƽ趯˶ȥ
ֽڵħߣһǻָ
Ǿ˰ɣԼ룬ħɡ
ֻˣŻˡ
ӰٿȻɢ֪١
ߺȥ鿴һ½ǺȻŴʱȥ˸ڷ䡣
***
磬˯һҹʶ۾
ֻ֮һ룬ұһƬڡ
½̧۱ɴס
յļУܼסĶǱѪ͸İ룬ƴİ롣
أ
룡
͵ƫͷҪҵֱߡ
Ҷʱȥ½Ŀ̰ؿµ٣ϰЩطȥ˺ۣȴûһƯ
Ŀƣ˺۵´ǱԼҧ˵ģ
ޱȣܴ붨Ȼֲס
ֱ˱ǼഥŸܵԷ΢ĺ
½۽һһᣬ˳Űȥ
ˡ
һ䣬Ȼȥۣٴ۵ؿ´
˿ڴѾ裬ܿĳݺۣһƺֻһѪ⣬ٺһЩҪҧ
½ǵ̲סð˳ֲ̧˲ȴԽԽࡣ
룬۲۰
ȥȴûûŪ˶Է
һǴ½Ҫȥõ֡
ǵ˳Ŵ룬Ҳԭ΢ɵĴʪ
£˿һͷڡ
½ָһ£ͷ
΢ĴʱֻƺҪ
ô˺ðΣСֱȻιһӰ
͵һСԽߵİ룬׷ȥ
̫û˽ˡ
̤ʱĹһֵ̧ۣһ¡
ˣ
½Ѱȥ˶ԺС
ʵ̫Щ̫
㡭
Ŀӣ㿪ˣƺ̫ҿ
½ü񽻹˵ôС
㿴ˣ
û뵽ֱ˵˳װɵ㶻ȥ
Ϳ¡½߹ȥ󷽷Ҿϲ
ϲϲŲҴš


63
ͬ½Ժ˵, ˵£ûж˵ʲô
˵˻½ͻȻ̧̧ü, ʾ󿴡
У΢΢Ȼʱ
Ŀ⽻, һЦĶڶԷĮ½סߵЦҲάֲȥ
ʱһԲķ䡣
½Աֵǵˣ
˳ǲܵ, Ͳʱ˵ʲôʲô, ʱҲǾֻһֿ, ˼ˡ
ͷĬˡ
ҹ̹ʱ, ˵ʱ졣

½ǳ˳ǣʱ治
ǰͰ͵شյ˼ǰ˻й, ˼ǰ, ˵죬Ҳ㡣
е㡭ʼɡ
СؿһۣҡҡͷҲû˵, ʱҲߡ
ί, Ҳ밡, ԲԾ, ǰ˵˻, Ҫ꣬Ҳûȥ
̾˿վҲŽݡ
ڣʱո̽꣬չü
ô½һʡ
ʱθѾް農
˵գ˸ҩƿ½ǡ
ϵ˲٣һ
á
Űѷˣʱȥʱӿ˽Ų
صڣҪţһ˫ֿ˽ȻֶһԴ
գգۣҽȥ
ʱĮشǣǡ졣

ţüذ󣺡ҽͺòã
áʱһߣûа졣
һҧ̧ſţײȥ
ոջصֵֻֻžֱײˣһƬƺһȻ˽Ųĵˡ
СײӣʱܿƵ󵹣Ѿ׼ˤʵǰ첲ȴ˽߬ס˷תһ£˱ڻһһ½ˤڵϡ
һˤòᣬ˵
ҹǸŹŮ˴һƣʹʲôڽ
ֻǳſң
ţҧǻۡ
ͲٿɾͲֻǲˡ
ʱЩŹ֣Ī
ʲôСġ
ĻġĿϣ֪ģĵжҪ
⻰ֱ̫ף˵ûʲôӦ˺
µˣƷһӲɵʲôӡ
ı仯ӦЩɿ֡
վ˸ԼʱմȾĻҳȥ
عžʱߣʼ۵Ϣ
ľƽ޷붨
һˣͻȻһOO@@Ķ·֮Ħ
ʱ΢΢ƫͷ֮һ٣ǰξ˫ܿƵ
æס󣬴һƬ̡
ôˣ
ѣȴ߬ų鲻
ȡ
ʱȥȻպȣ۰׵Ƥ˿͸ŷɫͷһ㱡
̡һƴ֣ͳ˳ȥ
ʱһɽ䡣
ɽȥʱһŲ֪ʲôҲ˳
Դӳȥŷ磬Ǿòˬ۾˳ʱעڱ𴦣۾һ˹ȥ
հʱһϢ˲
ʱڿŶƺǸġ
Ϊˡ
ײǽǺȦƺײˣκŲΡΡֻϸצӣڿе£ԼԲȻ¶Դ۾Сڶ๣ûëŶԣëͷ
ʱһʱ֪С
Щ
ͬСţȻ˿ڣţס
ʱ
¡
ĬĬְϡ
ЦȻҲո𺳵һִ˴ûаƴСЦˣǸʲô
ô֪ʱ䲻Լͳġ
ãȻһ˲Ȼȷʵ
ող֪ʲôͻȻھط̡
ƺӳȥʲô
ʱɽġ
ɽġ
ɽĶЩȼҩ·ʲôġ
ǿŵ
ЩҪˡ
û뵽ɽﾹȻˡ
СƺöԴţڶ۾ɻСף

ʱ
ɻͷ˿ʱֶԷյغŲ裬¡
ôС
һ̣ûëСסȻϣʱֱߵλá
ô죿
ʱ̧һۣλдš޹ء֡
СмؿƺܵԼûҪСһţ춯صĿ
˱ŵһ飬ʱæڷ䲼һ硣
òɤŻС
ޣʱ
СQ³Ǳ߿߿ޱߺװ׺ף
ʱ
Ц̵ҪˣԼһѣһغͿ޵ҪСͣףҲǡ
ȻֹƺڻĻ
ǰûһˮӳͺͺӣ㿴ǳöһ
һ룬ͺͺСͻȻɸû·СŮƨϳһġ
ʱͬʱվȵضһۡ
ЩⲢΪ棬ɻˡ
ʱֻڹżп˵ǧǰϴޣܷ죬˾
⺢ǽޣǰǸշû
ʱĵ־Щʲôţܾò̫ãֻôɽóһ´ϡ
»ǸķȻûʲôãʤʵã䵽ǺԶ˴Сϡ
Сñͷ۵㣬·еʱˡ
СץץԼ·ֿʱգ۾СҺͰװףһġ
ȷˡ
ҲǡʱʵǺΡ
Ҫ˵ڵĻһ£˵ƺ̫ԡ
ֻû˸ʷӺδ
С»ᣬʣ߲Ծ£䵽
ʱ
һЦֹסزҲõһǺۡ
˺ˣҲЦˡʱȻתͷС۵СۣȻͬʱһЦˡ
ʱһĻðʵʵ뷨
⺢治ģ
뷨һʱ㱻Լһ¡
ʲô
ͻȻһ½ǵû°ɣôп
ʱ˽磬߹ȥŴ򿪡
½ԽһһСɵ֣СĻСӷ
죬ǡô죿
ô򣬺Ӷôˡ
ʱ
ͣÿһɡ
ΧһȦмŸСֲҿޣͣȥʱ
½ǿ棬ִ˴ʵ˭ҺӰ
֪
ʱ˵꣬ǰһΣ˸ӡ
޺ըڶߣ㱡
װףҪң
ޡʱ̧Ŵʹ̫Ѩ̧ͷһ½Ҳĥòᣬֻö˶ţһû˵ӡ
̫ӡԼ½ܱϡ
ԭصϢƬ̣۽ǶЩѪ
ȵǻҲ˺ˡ
㺢ӿ޵Ҳɢ½κͷԴҪըһ㡣

ʱһ۸տͣС˵ˡ
ǵģôƫƫͲˡ
΢΢ӣŶһһС
ò˵ڲⷽ棬˻ͦġ
ôСȻЩ֧ſûһ˯ˡ
Ȼֱһֻͺëӡ
½Ǳ˵
űĳһ䣺Ǹʲô
㻹ǵڷԹȣĵ𣿡
С㶵صͷǵá
ǿŵ㱻ҧס
ǿŵˣˣ˸Ĵָ




64
½Ǵɽ﷭ҳ¼, ڼ෭Ұ죬ûҵģԵϵģһ
ʱؿԱͷͷ, ͻȻڣЩû˹𣿡
һ˵ŵɽһˣΪ, ʲôɷΣŻӡǹ淶Ҫͨͨ, лݵֲ޷ֱ棬ֲ, ඼Ȿ¼ŵӼһ, ɽǰ鿴߰˱顣
˹½ֱ׳ⶫҲиӡ˽һ, ˭ܰ鶼
˵꣬㿴ʱ΢΢
ɡ
ǻɵʣ㶼ˣ
ʱᡰšһüһ, ЩС⡣
ָ, 
Сһţһ۵ɹȥ
Ϳ䡣
˼ǰ˵
½ֵ˵, Ȼ󲻷ָſ˯Ĳ, ʵȻ, ˵, Ǹʲô
֪ʱ½üëһҪ, ֵëûУ˭ϵóǱֻûë񡭡Ǽ
½ϸ룬˵Щ
ûõһա
ô죿Ͷ𣿡½زŷӦˣ˭լӰ
ֻʱլӼֵƣӦ
ʱͬʱڣ
ʲô½͵վȻȦ߶šˣˡ
һͻȻͣ˵ҰѰǸϽܡ
ĸҲֻһõģǿ϶򲻹ˣܵʲôء
æסûעϵС๾ȥ
ʱָһĨȵطŻϡ
ˤصСؿġװסQ¹ȥԴ˶ָ
ллס
Слû˵ڡ
ʱԴϵëëϸ֮л棬ɼ֮ɫǳ
ëɲ
ֱѾ˵Ĳ豭ƹȥָ˵㱭ڣЩˡ
С۾ʱˣͦͦظſ졣
ֵʱˣһðװ⣡
Сһţ죬ʱ׼ڼһɲǣſڵ˷ɿش˵ԺС
ŸŵҲ˳
ԺһʱžյʮףǰĽ̺ͳǶ˹
ǵطʱԭúõĺԺֻʣһػҽյøɸɾֻԺĸ˻úõվš
λǺ°ˣΪ׼Ժӣ⼸ռ˲˵ڻһѻˣӶûС
ҪҪҰǰԺҲˣλˣ
ǵһϷ£յֲԺӡ
ʱκ飬ֹ˹סһϸצӣȻԼµС
ǲ⡣
ǣҲںЩ֮լҲֻݾ֮ء
̧̧°ͣȻ˶ˣ̸̸֮ǰ˵¡
ʱҲû뵽ᷭƪô죬Ѿʼô⳥ˣȻ̨¡
ð

ϣ蹽յһһ½ǺֱߣȻǵѱұ᷿˵òᣬҪúϢ
½׵л
蹴ЦǿĴȰҼǵ㣬ԣҼһΣ̽С׺̽ãֺͬ纰蹹ùðɡ
蹹ùá½Ҳôˡ
蹺ЦͷָǶС㡣
ЩԼģǰϲģǳ
˵գԼһҧһСڣƺΪ֤Щû⡣
ߵǢһ᷿ȴǰӿ
ֱߣһ˿ڡ
ôʲô˼ǴƳĬż˵
ˣ죿
ʱָ̧֣˵㣬һƴķ΢⣬ת
ǲ׺ôҲֻɺ¥ˡ̵ļľü֮
ò˾ͱ߳ȥ
𼱡
ʱĮָԭȵĵɫ·Ҳһ˲䷢˸ı䡣
޴ڣʱȴûκεת
ֱӽˣ
һ仯һ˾ȣոջһ֮ĳһ˹Ƿգۡ
ϸּ˷֮ɫ޲ðǸѹɳ嶯
ð뿪ȥκȥĵط
ʱһ֣ʱɢ
ֻһ󣿡ɻ
ôҲһЩҵĺȱһⶼȥ˷ֻ֪һˣǱǽ̵İ㣬ɼǲ׺ҲֻΪ޽ɺ¥
ոҲˣǷγʱֱͬΪ仯Ƿòŷ˷츲صת䡣
ȻǡʱȻȫг
Ƿ֮мһЩӡҲзֵģһЩ֮мӡõЧͻᷢ벻ñ仯
̫ӡɶ֮
ˣҵ⡣
Ҳسŵ֮ˣ֪ɣҲ֪˵˳
һ⣬ʮû½Ҳ֪һʹǹ޳絽ʮҺӴ࣬ȷǲǡΪ𡣡
û˵ֺʲô˵ˡ
ʱָ𣬷΢
̼ڶ⣬Χ׺޹أֻ߰㡣
ǹأʱ̧ӣʵǲڲ׺ǡ
ɲ֮ڣҲػش㡣̵ǵĿǽĶûȥҲ֪
⣬ţû˵
š˼
ʱԿȥ۵ڴ֪
ͫһ£ҡҡͷ
Ҳشˣɡվſ֡
ǰ᷿صĵû졣
üչеЦݣ̿һ㶣㱿δǰİ㣬ҲԼЦ
ɻعĵЩڣЩᡣ
㣡
عͷʱβЦЩͬ˵ᡣ
ڡ
ʱҲǵһʱ˹ȥ󿴿ҿŷ
½ǿĪЩ밢룬һƳҲֻһ˹µţ»иҽɡ
Ҫĳŵ̴Žʱǰ
ʱͷ蹵ָҡ
֣¶ѩ
ʱֽ̧׼õķڽ䣬ʼ򽭷̴ɺҪ뿪󣬲ȥʮԺҲʹħ
ܿعˣЩɾͽˣǡ
ʣµĻû˵ʱҲ˼
ߡ
á
̱ҲȻô˵ˣȥؿѩ
ʱӡע룬˲䱻һ㵭ɫĹâһ˲ʧˡ
㣬㲻뿴ѩ𣿡̻вϲãڴȥòã
蹴Ϊλˣתͷмؿʱ΢΢񣺡л
ʱ׻뽭̶һۣԷͷ
գۼ䣬˵Ӱʧ
ʱһΣŲһ£Ȼһֻֽȷס
Ϊĵô죿ǵĵؿϻԼֹȥ
죡Ѱʱתͷ½ǵ
½һæ᷿ȥ
ȵٻصʱլԺĴѾǿƿԺǽ϶վˡ
ԣ׼ȷ˵ǿܣЩϷβһǰ׺̽ĸŸɵӣȴ֪޾ʬ⡣
ŤӴŽϻЦ⣬˴ָףݣһָпܷʩ
ץġ
ܿܵ˲佫Χˮйͨ
ס䡣
ʱ˵һ䣬ȻͻȻ˰ССԲĹĵСӡ

һ˲·ɽѣϷƵƾɢȥ¶Щ
һɤƺãͷųž춯صơ
ʱҲ겻ȡ
ҧѹ²ʣȻоһ˫ȵƸ
΢΢ףײһ˫ЦУŮЦģҲ
һɤӺ꣬Сͷգ۾ƺҪ佱
ʱ֣
һۿȥؿܳ鴤ֹҲܲסĶûӰ
½κﻹһȳİ롣
˦˦ͷ⺢ӿ
ɤ߯
ʱһȸȻ


65
ĸ, һ˲һһ˱һسĺǵķȥ, ѹĿܣһƬν׳ۡ
ڵĿܾ, ʱнӡ׳Ȼһ
½עϣʱͻȻĶӦ
ǻʱӡµĽѾʱпܶڡ
ʱɴ۾, ת˲ƵԱߣĴŽ, ۿ˲һȦ
ԭɱ֮ĽºȻͬˮֺ
Ҫʲôô, ҽȥҸ, Һһ𣡡ʹ˺Ž磬ûκΰ취
ʵȥȫ޹Ӳ, ʱ, ô
½Ҳ˹Ҫ磬һ㲻ƫеػ˹ȥ, һ䡣
һ, ֻͣ, ʱôᣡӢҲ, ҿɲǷ飡
ʱǵĺ, ǰĿ¶׹Ŀܣ齣
˪ѩ޹⣬رС
ΧߣƺҲڼɵ
ĳ˲¶轵ʱ¿ʼѸӱ˪
ܲб䣬ʱȺмֽŮ˹ȥ
ЩǰǸҵе̳˿ƱҲֻǼ򵥵֫幥ʹɾѧ
ǰΪҲҿһ⼸ٸɼҵӣοЩ˵ΪڸҶŵϺš
ʱеĽ룬İ꣬ĵӺˡ
鲻ڣҲ˽ģȴ¡
²Ƿˡ
̧ԭֹŮ˹Ȱ㶯лĵڿ֮вͣܶ
ѩȹ֮µΧ续һ㡣
ʱһһЩüģһȦѪһ˺ѩϸĿ
ѾЩֹڵĵʣ޼
С
һֻûëС˳ĸ첲ϼͷİװɫ׵ˣһű۾˵͵
ʱֻȻСһ㣬Ҫ𡣡
ˣڣҲܲˡ
Сһһ߿һߵͷ
ʱЦ£űס˫ȵĿܡ
񾳽粻Ҳֻܿһʱ̡
ץʱˡ
ûн괺ôϡ
ԥʱѾӶеĽĵĽһһ߹ܷѩȥ轣һһʽƮݵģɱ
Ӱѩ֣ѩ֮С
ɽӭѩŮؼ䣬ʥء
ڣ
ʱʱڽעЩüĵ
괺
ټȸа
ƣ
һ𿪣ͫеħ˲ɢָһƬ
ǰЩָǣʱسһĨЦ弫ٵ׹
ȸŬצӹ·ȶ߻ûëĳߴߴлš
˰˰װף
һƿնһһ񶼱
ۿͨ죬۽ǻδɵᣬŻϢ΢ʱеı䡣
£ٵѰţҵһܹڷɽֻɽƺбʲôˡ
˲ʲôȫһƿĽƣ̧˽ȥ󼸲֮׷½ǡ
ȥ֮ŷ֣沢ʿһܿݹǣ֪˶£׹Ѿ˺һ㸡ҡ
׹΢΢ףˡ
ɽһ̨һݲݣݲ֮ϻһƤ
˸ȻŽȵطȥ
ֻʱ䣬ƳһԹͺͺС
һְС˹
ȸ
ȸӦѹ⺮
㻹ǵ֮ǰôҵ𣿡˹ԴȻָü۽˪ʱȥů
ȸͷó֡
ɿָ
ƴСQʱ¸λã׼ڣȥ
ȸŬطȣԼȸܴӵ˲뾭װǹ亮֮ѹ¡
ʱϵ˪ѩڣɫҲôʹ࣬˿£ס֡
Ϊ
½ǵɽ𣬴żֵ⡣
ȥֺԵŭ
վڼªǰǡ
ܽ괺ǸزΪûбˣ½ǲɵӣҲס
֪½۵׵Ļյž졣
ǡͷϡ
½ǰһǰһ
˶վ˭Ҳá
½ͻȻЦһ£ʵǲѡ
ǡֱҲá
ѣ֪½ľΪҲΪһйΪ˺£֮ͬҲòĺɫ
һǷǲֶ𱨵𣿡½ָ̧һƣڼûȴҲ
һ£Щ¡
½һתصǽ£СĵطŰ룬Լϡ
۵ļ򣬻ղŵĻ㲻ǡ
ΪΪ˸߸ϣԴΪأԲŻضɽ٣ѡؾǰ˶ƾôˣоҵֳ½˵ʱûбֳٱˣֻһЩŭ棬ÿÿֳնʳʣȥķ䣬һһ죬ôģֻǿޡ
ûмֳ˵ʵûжĸ飬ֻΪҴӼͼסΪҲ硣
ҲšҲ
ʱأһȫ棬οʱѾĴڣôΪһʱķͷǣô޹ˡ
ҲʶʱҲ֪ʱΪɲı֮ǰ뷨½ɫӣ۵Щᣬʱ
ʱѣҲԼΪΪ෴ʱʮ͵Ϊ˳ȣҲǸֱƵˡ
ô
½̾˿֮ǰԼΪ̬ȣĵЩǸ⡣
ֳûȻ
½ǲ㻳Լˣʵ˵ʲô
Ҳһһظһ飬ֳ½û
û½ɻüûΪʲô̽󣬰ﻹΪôá
ҡͷתʣô֪û
ʱʸ½ڲʮ򡣡
½ĵһ⣬ΪʲôʮϹϵ
ʣϵͻȻ˶صһ
룿½ǵһ䡣
ƤתȻ۾
½ĵһϲûȿڣ㿴ƿߣƺЩ
Ķÿڵɳơ
ȵĶ䱻ס첻ɵضһ¡
ָһ
ͷյĶԣĴŶӡһǡ
оǲǣ׹ˡ
룬ϲ㡣
΢΢ɴ۾ͻȻıļЩ޴롣
㣬½ǲûдŹ˱ýǵزĶ⣺Ҹʱ俼ǣҪҺòã
ɤӸɵ÷β죺á
һߵ
𾪵ؿţ־ԼÿֻŻææŲߣôһͷһ˫Ũڵӡ
˫۾գһ£Ҳû
·ոնֻĴ
ѾʱСȸСʵװ׸ո𣿡
ȸûëĳʮֻػصװ׸ոڿ㡣
۽һ䣬˹ȥ
Щϲ
Ϳ£ֲǲÿǵģֻװûѡ
ʱû̻Ǿװ
ٲѣҿˡȻôһУΪ仰˵꣬ʱ϶ۣССصһ¡
û뵽Ůֻ۽΢΢ûۡ
ֵЩˡ
ʱ϶ˡ
ʱԼ
࿪ʼͨͨ봹ĿⲻܿƵؿ΢촽
ĵײӿЩ棬ʱƽʱ˿˿ģȥǲҲǱġ
˰һ䣬ڶ
ָȥ
ŵؿʱķӦֱҪϣ˫۾Ҳû
˫ʱؿʼ̣˵Ļһ㣺
Ҿǰ
Ȼѡ
У
ô֪һ
ܺʱ
æֱ۵о֡
ת󲽳˶ڣûпԭ۵Ѿ۾۵˶׽һĨǳʧ


66
վһù֮, ΢üػŽµСʯͷ
Ů΢ڱǼƲɢҲ
ոգȥġ
ƭԼ, ʱ½ͬĥǡ
ɡ
һ, Сʯͷ˳ȥԶĹС
͵͵ⷢƢһ˴߳˫ֻЦ⡣
ʱ΢, ؿ˿ܡ
ʲôأ˹ֵ˵Դ
籽, Ҳ𣿡
ʮֺ£ողŲʱ, ôһͿ̵ֻĺ籣һĲᵽɤۡ
תҪص, ˭֪챻һֹֻסֻԭ̤
˲ڣôżʲôֵؿ
̲, ˿
籵ǱģȤ, ʣʲôˣôڣ
ҡͷ۾Ȼơ
һû˵ʵӡ
һЦͷСһ, ѧ˰
΢΢, Щ𴩵ľȡ
, ˡͻȻɫ, ʵ㻹δѰĽ𣿡
޹齣ø, Щ᣺ѽңƺ⡭ӦòҵĽ
̧籣õ𰸡
Ȼڿ޹齣ʱ˶һ˲ŵؿڣ޹ôΪ
ƺʲôǽüչɫı仯׷ʵ籽㣬֪ѽ
籰ڰڵؿڣԭɶһλɾĽͬλɾϵܺá
ûüʣ籱㼱ҴҵĽ뿪ݡ
βڣӰȴѲ
ߵúܼ
˴Ѿǲ׺ڣ籽ΪλڴˣҪʲô
˼תŲضס
ġʦ𣿡
ʱѾϵڣʱվڲԶؿ
ͬһˣǻȴȻž߹ȥͷ
˭ʱڡ
̧ͷգգۣ
֪ʱʵ˭ֻһʱ֪ôͣԽת˵ʱʱת뿪
㲻˵Ҳǿ
ʱڵ߬ոտǸİŮ̧ҵķ˵뿪ݡ
̬ܣƺʶѾá
ҧ΢ۣʱһЩ
ЩʲôҪȥ޹ء
һǰһصɽ½ǺҲʰ׵ڵǡ
½ȻؿȥСʣǸýʱΪ
ΪǺܲϰߡ
ʱǹһĨЦصǽʱɡ
Ϊֱ̫ȥˡ
ôԼĹڽİ꣬ʱҹظ
ǰּÿһξÿһ仰Ǵġ
Ц
̾˿̧뿪ڣȴȻµĽƵ˻Աһֻֽ˹ȥ˵ľ˲
û°ɣ
ڶϣʱȻس֣һž롣
û˵΢΢׿ŶǰĽơ
ĬĬ֡
߿ǵ½ǺȻ
ʱΪΪͽܡʱ񽻹
Ŷš
֮Ĺϵ½ؿ˺һۣȻĬĬץסֱ֣߰˺üѡ
죺
£һϵڶڻ졣
ڴˣ
˻ԭ˸ҵĿݹɼΡ
һĨʶ
ʱص̧񣬡ʮߴΪ
˼ˣҲ
綼ʮߴ˰ݹ̾һ䣬ѹôˡ
ǰǣʱһ䡣
ɶ͸Ž˵ֵЦӦûɣ
Ͼֻɶĩλɾô꣬˭ǵ
ǵáͬʱڣޱȼᶨ
ɶʮɣȻмصֻжʮλʮ˾ʿ˲֪
ǰôֻʣݹǣֻһĨʶƫƧ֮ء
䣬ݲ᲻֪ɵϸؾǧʿ׷֮
ɾΪλڴˣʱʵ
ɻ󣺡ǼȻ֪ңΪλʣ
ˣȻˡ
½ĬĬһ䣺Ӧɶ𣿡
ʿɺ󲻵ǲ¾ݵģڸԹϽ֮ػܷ֮𹩷Ҳûһƽ
ɶĻһ£ŵǧǰѾ˰
ǲ֪
ʱ޼ء
޼أЩʵ衢֡д
أ
һ˵ʮ֣󲿷ֶ֪ɶ֮ˡ
¼дЩɾǰ¼вδἰ˵衣
ĬãŻڣЩͬһɶɾ
˵ʱɴۣʲôýʮλɾͬʱ档
ǧǰѪħң޻ɶʮɹ¾ѹҲʲô£ɶͽ˽ӡӡһ񡣡ʶȻųܴиܵķӿŭ
һˣʮ룬ɶϯԷɹǣŽѪħأϧɾлɶȴǶ𱨣ǿ֪Էɹɢ죡
ɫ죬ʱɫɷףѪħء
ѪħҲѲ˸ϵ
ĬеĽѶ˱ɾϱ֮ʱҲɾԼ
ɾⷬ
ɾж֮¸ӦΪ
ǧǰĶԴǷǣҲܹܵġ
񣬼Ļ
ЩǶ֪𣿡ֻһĨʶŷųǼޣӰʼɢݹǽԡ
Ļ¶Щ̵İ˺ͱơ
˵˲ɶ飬ΪزȴûֻƬأ˼ǵǳ֮֡
ˡЦá
ʶȻ޴棬ڽɢһ縧ǿݹûʶ֧ŵ»һֱԶ߱ݡ
ʼգҲûἰǧѪħ
߰ɡ
ʱ˹ȥ˸
ڱʱýӡ£֣صذ˰ݡ
һ·ĺȥĬ̿ƽʱвס½Ҳѵõİ
ִĺ⣬ѾвѹʿҪһ̽ҲһЩܺ˾ˡ
ڿʲô½ܲ˴ƳĬ˵˵һ仰
ȥ
ýˣſ壬µżˣ϶Ų׺ӷ
½ǿһڼ˰ǣһ֣Ǹͽܽ۫𣿡
ָųһˡ
Χ۵˴ǰβ׺ͨ棬˵۫ͽʮ򣬻Ҳ׺ڴ˽ַ۫˽׷ɱ
ҿⶼǽΪ˶λóģˣ˳Ȼλɲɻȥ
˵ƺĺеˣлŻԿеʮֲм
ûٿڣ϶һ
Ⱥһɢ׷Ͽȥ
ֻǽһˡ
ߣɱ
ٸҶԣһ㶼˳ǡ
ֻЩɵʿפԭأԥǷҪ
Щ֮Уʱ׽һϤӰ
˶ȥûסǰ󶼽˳ǡ
ĺǣžֱǾĵġ
ʱ˸ˡ
վڽֿ΢üս
ոǸˣš
ǳСƹϵš


67
Ǹ˭׷ʵ
ʱ, Եˡ
תȥӰĮ
ܲζֽ, Щ΢ۡ
½߹Ͱյ־ĳǰ˻Ρ
ȻõЦһ, ûҫ˼


ͷɥظȥӴߵʱߣСĵʣ
ʱɻؿһۣûС
ʲôġ
ǽˣ̵, Ӧֻ·, ԲŹͬ˵仰
е̣Ӧþɾ˵ɶʮе裿ʱͻȻʵ, Ҳ΢΢ҵҪ뿪, ɶ𣿡
΢΢סȻҲ˲С
ȷʵǽ, ɾɡҲ֪ǵطǲɶ, úܣЩǸطҲֻ̺ͺ籽ˣҲȥ
ǾͲء
ʲô
ʱ΢㵵, ׳΢Ȼ, ǾͲء
һ, , á
ʱ
͵ˡ
˲, ú½Ǻο
ͺ˺ð
ȥĶˡ
ȻˣҪһʱ̧ǰһˣͷǷڳǽɱ֮˵ˡ
ⲻˡ
ȥ
׺λ븮һ𡣡䣬̬ȴڵö
λεĽǸĵġ
ð
***
ĺǽٶߴļã׺Ӵڡ
˾ļãЩ׺뻮һڳϻӵûӰ죬ʮרע
Щͫڰ׷ǿܡ
ʱһջߣص紫Բ׺ңЩ޻̸֮
һû˵ʲô
ļãһǰظͣڵǰʾ⣺롣
ʱף
ɴ֣һòŮһڶŴµɴڰڣؽԼõ˳ֳϷһڵ˻ιˮ˿˼һԻڡ
ļ˾һ㶣òĳ˵׺ĴţټңҲˡ
΢һ̧͸ɴԵļˣЦŴյߣѾˡ
͡һκվ漸˾оƱһһȥ벽ɣСɣ̽
ʱ۾Ǹİ׺󣬺˵Ҳ̫ѣֱӹˡ
λҲ׺Ӧ֮꣬
ָŵеŮԸţ죬Ǽúкſˣɶǹͣ
ǡ
˴ӵʱ㣬־ܾ˲ˡ
ʱһ˭ָҽӽ
Աߵ½ǸǰƢϣһְߵİ̹ЩŮԼҲɶ㿪Щ֣ǳҡ
һʱ֮Ǵһ㣬Щǰ̵Ůֻվԭز֪Ǻá
飬ŰټһԱͺáʱ֣Ա߿ŵϯλߡ
ͬһ࣬ͷҾƣ⡣
ȴαЦã
ȴһ˿ڣֻλ֮ϲʱЦ
ߴ֡
½ǣ϶ʲô˼ǹΪ˿ֵģ
ôЩ׺ӳģ
½ǣûͷǸ˵һ䲻ǣͶ
˿ȥʮֹ°λѲɽڰϻ 
ĵ𾢣ͻȻһɤ˽滹иˡ
½Ƕգգ۾Ȼͬʱʱ
棿ˣ
ôû
˵Ŀֱ̫ףʱһ۾Ϳ۵׵ʣִһ仰ϸ
ϣֲЩɴƮ˰һЩϸ΢ױԡ
½ǾϸϸţȻЩ֮˼ָ졣
Դڶ档
ɴӰ֮˲صʮֺá
ֹͣ
ϷĽ˻֣Ů˳ȥ
λǾýĳдܣӸ¿ˣǰľʳδ
ģֻǰ׺ǰǶ˰ֻܿϧһ⡣ʱվһҾ񣬡¡
ʿǰõֲУֻǷðʮڲɽˮʳ򽫻±òʧ
ʮֺá
γ֪ڳѣ⻰ʵԲòЦӭ̵Ϊϻ㣬ҹͣ
ʱףл佱
㣺
ǡƤ
͵һ˦ӣߵ˻ȥֹ˰ơ
½ǼǿŲЦһԵ۵Ρ
֪ýǰǵΪ£ʱֱ⣬Ҳٺ
۾תתȥ

Ҳ˵ǰʱĺ˼ʮˣǰҲ˸ˡ̾˿װģ׺Ԫˣʮٴ˿ս
½˺޲ڣһô˵ó˿ս㲻
ҪȥͻȻһ
ɻؿȥôȴִ޷á
ʲô´òˣҪô˲գôں
½һѷס֣עʯ󺣣òֻӦ˳žߵпտҲǿʿĽҲ֪١
ֻ֣ܸܵڲ῿ȥӵûµġ
½Ƕؿᣬƫͷǰᣬļƽ
Ľûˣһôιȥأֻ۾ΪʲôվͰվһôһ˶Ѫħ
ʿ˵𵤺Ҫİö۰ҪŻԲѵԼǡ
½ԽԽգĵΣ˵˻ᱣȴҪ˽Լ
½ǣʧܣ
ǣû¡Ƽ۵׵ʹ࣬Ҳžһ¡
ʵǸδڹɱѪħҵʦʮˡ
һ𵤶ѣˡ
˫ֽգҲڲ˽µʱ
½ǽҧԼȻʱͽĻȴģһȫϡ
Ǳ߽㻹ڼģʽ룬ΪϿ׺ɴ˽ѣպ󶨵Űл
ʱЦĿʼڶ棬β̹Щ
ɫ΢䣬ʵ⻰⣿
Ŀ˲ֹǰɣʱϴЦȴýĪâڱ
Ƚ㿪ڽͣɴһɰ顣
ΪŴԴɳƵڵ
Ϥɤʱ͵̧ۣںɴп˰Ų
½壡


68
һ, ƸĿӣ;׺Ҳʱǽ, ֿλӽܣֹ̧
ˣʶһΪ͹ˡӻ, ۵׾ĮȻڶ漸һɨûаͣ
ɫǡ
Ӱһ, бûˣں׺ڳ, ЩĿˡ
ֵǽ㾹Ҳûգ̬Ȼмֺõ˼
ʱĵײƽ, ż½ʱ𾪻ȻҲɢ㣬ָֻһƬš
λ·ϱ, Ҳƣ룬Ϣһҹ֮, ϸ̸Σִ˸Ƿ, §һԵĵسڵߣ߾ֻӰڣˣλȥٷԺ
ڵĽ߽, ٴΪ˴·
,
ٷԺǲ׺һԺ, ļ, ƫĺ, 羰Ǽã۰ӣ֣ų겻лҲ׺һ֮ء
ɫɴ˲㱡
סһ䣺
ؿ£Щֲʵ񿴵˾轣һһò񻰡
ϤĽУĵ˴𰸡
ʱ
ڵʱǺܾǰʱİǰ緢ΪԼʱ
γѣ΢΢׿ˡ
Ƭӣ轣𣿡
ʱ΢Զļ䱻仰ʱͬʦһ׺ᣬڴϵЩͷ˵öЩǰ˳һƬӣ֮ž⣬˼
ϸ룬㿪ڵӵסƽʱϲλķǱߣ򲻿ɳ־
һ˵һ߽ԶͣԶĵط
һѾߣλԵƬ̡
˵תȥһ̲϶
˶ӵģôԶǳ½͵֪ĻΪλӵء
˵ءЦŻ
ʱ˿Ժһ䷿
½ǵȻԸⰡִڰϣ΢΢Ͱ˰˹ҺͰһ䡣
͵͵ʱһۣȻ֪ʱ϶Ὺڵģǵ
ǡҺʱһ䡣
á
ͬʱڣĻںﲻϲ¡
G
ȵؿʱԷߣ봹ؿʵôˣ㲻Ը⣿
Ը⣡Ը⣡½ְһƣֱӽƵʱԼ˽һ䷿ǾˣⰡ
ƵģǿסӲûȵ˫ྻ޳İѥ
ͷһۣСգ۾
һ˫ȷסվֱûͣÿ
ȥɡ
ʱڣ½Ǹڡ
סؿڣظܵʱ˿̵
ҵú·
Ծ
֪䣬ʱЩһĸо
֮ǰǲԾҪնʱ࣬ȴԾò㡣
ԭأЩڡϲ

񣬿ʱһ졣
æƿ˽ȥĪЩ
֪Ϊʲôʱʱܻ᲻ɵؽš
վԣ㶵ؿŵذ壬Ҫǵؿ仨
Ը⣬ڻпշʱ˳ë·һȦӰ
ƵӰϣȴů⣬Ī˾ù䡣
ûС߹ȥԱߣظһ飺ûвԸ⡣
ʱһᡰšֽһĴ򿪣һԲ£ӣأ۰ƣʫ续
δ㣬ô֪⴦轣
ĵҲɻʵڣҿˡ
ˣʱĿӴƿ䵽ǰŮϡ
׺
ϸ룬ҡͷϡ
۹𣬼ĵһ˱̣Ƭռ֮ز֪£ĵڶǺ籣Ӧò׺
ʱҲòܣͬ½£Ǵ׺İǰˡ
Ǹոտġţָ׼ģûƭ㣬Ǹղţӣʮĵط
λö˵׼ȷ
ЩӦֻһ֪֪ģ
ԡ
ʱֹһ˲Ŷԡ
䱻ԶʱԺгһԾ
⽣ôδʹˣÿ
ôն仨أ
Ҫˣ
Ϊǹģ
Ľ顣
ˣӣ轣붺һĽ飬ⶶŽϿǵýҽУͲһˡ
ʱβЩЦ⣬üٳ
óµЦΪԼǸˡ
һģҲһģʵĻȴ˵
ʱò׿ôһö˵ġ
ͷʼָ
һԵʱӻг룬Ŀϣʼϸϲ֮ͬ
ĵԼи𰸣־û
ѩ괺˭ģ
ʱԭΪһЩӰʯпģŴһٶõ׽Ӱʯ¼ӡʮ֣ѧһȴ޼׿Խڽϸһͨ˵Ӱʯѧ׽Ҳ޿ܡ
֮ʱҲûʣֻԾҲǾΪʦߵΡ
Ϊ֤ĵ׵Ĵ𰸣һΡ
ʶһֱиˣֻʵӰӣһֱڻӽǸѧģҲ֪Ǿѩ괺˵֣סʱϵ֡
Ҵ㿴
ʱֳۣһĨʶԷʶڣһʱֻգǣĽޣʶãã޼ʵƺ֮һò֦ǣÿһƬ֦Ҷ糺һƬ
ʵˮɣɹӪҶʶȴǷڵÿһƬҶʱ޿̵ɡ
£ȷʵһӰ
ֳֳǰɲǼƺеĽ
ѩ
ʱֳֻһСֵʶڱ˵ʶڣһ롣
һ룬һźɫʶ˹˿Ϸع
ʶഥ֮ʱŽһƲסĵƺڶʶ͸ϢĻ䡣
ʱͷƤˬдźɫʶ˳ȻҲƵشʶ
ʶȻֹֻȥһʶһȻҲ侲˫ѹŭɹȥ˫糺죬۵׻͸Ũص
ʶȫʶոĶ̫󣬴˿δ
ʱ
Ҫ󼸸ľСӹȥʱȻ춯
һӰӣдգۼûӰ
ʱüһһԵ齣ȥһַ죬Ī
ǰ䷿һơ
׷źӰϢȥһ̶ͣ
ŽӡϢ˹ȥ
Ӱ䱳ܴӿѹ͵ǰӣҲ½
Ǹź۵Ůˣ˾ֻ¶һ˫֣԰
ʮ־裬ԼֵطҲһ硣˵ʲôһƬƿ¹ǺŮվŵλá
ʱһؼϸ°ͺûʲôѪɫ촽ҪٿһЩʱŮƺʲôӰһ
һ˫ֺȻӺ˹סʱĿڱǣĺ̶С


69
̶, ˮƺĳַʱקˮʱûˮˮһ˿û, ŵЩѰ
Ӷ⣬ͼˣһĿڱ, һֽӱԼ
ҡһ΢Ƶͨ˹
ʱһ㶣ʱ
Ҳɿסڱģ֣́ԼĲ, ۵ֻڻˮ, ̫㣬ֻš
, ʲô
˻رƣҲⷽ㡣
ҲġЩί
ǻʶ˷, عʱûˣ½ƣַʱҲ˳Ϣȥ
֪յͿʱжൣ, һ, Ͱקˮ
ûأͰһ⣬, ߹Ǵϡ
ʹж, Ϊ̶, ½ǸŮˡ
ʲô˰, ǴСֵġ
½ˮ¾
õ𣿡Ů˾ǳ, ѹ
ûС½̾˿ĵ֣Ҷûżʲô
ߣڣҲ㡣
ʱ΢΢ü⻰ʲô˼˲½½أ
˵Ϊ½𡱲мɶʮɶ˸³Žҷ£һԪӤʿܷʲôˡ
Ϊô߿
⻰԰ɣʮɲǾ棬ɻ԰ɹǧѪħޣҲ㣬ɾܷɶŮ˽Ļ˻ȥǧǰ²û˼ǵãħҪҲڲ֪ǰ˵仰
֮ţˡ
½ɫԳЩһҲ˵䣬ôˣȻˣΪλ
ŮĮڣ¡
ħʵԡ
򿪽أҪ¡
֪ˡ
ʧ˫һҪϣһԵʱסҡҡͷ
ˮ´һû뵽ԭ뿪ĺŮӰһֻص̶ߡ
ض̶ˮΣֽ̧ˮסȻŷȥ
ˮʱˮµʱҲڿ
˵Ŀĳ˲ϣʱĵӿɱ⡣
š
Ȼˡ
Ͳһ㣬ҪͲסԼ֣ὣԾˮ棬Ǹڻܡ
ˮͨǿߡ
ʱ˳ָķȥˮȷʵһ΢⡣
ˮ汻⣬ǿֻݾߣǳֵʱպá
ߡ
һһˮУε΢ʱǲһͨһͷѾã·Ѿǳ塣
⴦ͷ֪ͨδʱ
˼⴫ͷȫƿˮµķӡȫ
˼ǰƺ̫׵
ԥţǰķͻȻһɼǿʱ͵һۿѾ˷ü΢ѹҲ˽ȥ
ڴ߶һĴͷǿнק˹ȥ
Ƴˮʱ˱űؿܣнѳʡ
һˮΡ
Ĵ谵һƬֻнյɢ΢⡣
ȿȡ
һͿ˲佫ĿһڰԼɼһˣ˫ֱǽסҲƵס˱ûˮУˮλۿɼٶ½©˱ȥ˫ȡ
ѵ̧ͷűþˣ۵˹
硭
ϳʱĵӷϳϱ־ԵҶ꼡
ǣʱʵ
׺֮ʮȻ͸λߵϣʹ˫ȱϱڴˣϵİڡ
ʦкˣ
磬Ϊ
Ϊµӣ
ʱ΢ۿ
ؿȥƺ˵˵Ĳ
Ѿʦˣȷʵʦͽ
ΪΪ첻Ҳ׺ͻȻЦôҲû뵽Լϣһ˾ȻΪ
ʱ˽ʵ˻⣿
׺֮٣֮ѡڣʮʣдطħ󡣡
ġʱૡ
ʱһʽؾУؾпտҲʲôԵﶼûУããؼֻм֡
żŽ֮֮á
ҲֻǴҴɨûõҪĶؾ
Ϊ֪һӦ޹أ׽ƿħ󡣡Ҳ˵óѰɣ
Ҳ֪ʮҪǶҲ˵ˣλĸʱöԸģֻǸԪӤܰ㣿ʱڣҵļ䱻⣬Ѿǲõˡ
˵Ƶᣬһߵǲı仯ǿŭ⡣
ˮٴѾû˽ؿڡ
͵͵ЦЦÿԣ֪ǵõ֮һҪȥĶ𣿡
ʱ͵߬ʲô˼
İ仹Ҹ׵Ҳ٣ΪʲôƳǺ̽ΧҪ˵Ǹ֪򰡣ֻΪһЩ޹֮ˣʵأҲǱã֮֡
ˮλ˲ӣһβ׺Ҳʧ˲ٸ߽׵ӣɸײδ磬ĺܱߵĲʱһɵҳΪ֪˽еĶصķħҲŻȻھݵ
£Ķʮ˻Ź𣿡
ƳǺ̽Ǿֻʣ硢̫һźҽȡ
ʮǰʮҽȣҲΪˡ
ôʮһĿֻʣ̫һš
̫һнɷطʵˣзڣδڱչء
˭ѡ硣
ʱɫʲô
ۿˮҪ͹°ͣʱʱͷˮ˲亮ķţˮ涳ᡣ
üëͷ˱˵ʱðŰ
Ȼͬಫҵһл̵Ѿͷȥɺ¥һȡҾѪܴ򿪣иٵʣôԼ档
Ҳܼġʱ
˼ƤӵԼ棬ಫҲ˶١
λڲ׺Ҳˣûͬ˵ص£Ϊȹ֮λѾеĶ͸λӡ
㲢֪ŵĵʲô
Ǹƺ˽أħգӦλ֮ȡʡ
Ạ̊́ĥ
ʱ룬ɲֹ̣ǰλǰҲļĶࡣ
ֻҪʣʮͻĿͶϣȻپȥ硣
Ըһ˺ͶԸһȣѾԶ׼ˡ
͵ʣǸٵ½Ҳ취õ˵һѣڶΪΪԼһˡ
ʵ֤Ķˡ
áʱӦˡ
ĳһõʺ󣬽ҽ㽭蹡
ʱʱŵؿⶫ˭϶ᱻʮϣ㣬ʹн໤ҲֻǸûͨˡ
Ϊʲôǽ蹶ǽ̣Ϊһ໤׺֮ڽֻ᲻мһˣŽ蹡
ǽĽöƽȥˣȫûʻǴʲô
鰡ʱؿ
ЦΪ˲׺ʲô
ʱȡһξѪϢػصٷԺС
һ̫࣬ʱüġ
ûһд´ֱӴҶ
ʦ㣬ɰã
졣
ʱȲش򿪣
һаã
ʱü

ʦϣǣΪʲô˵
ּϢ٣ȷʵʦױʡ



70
ʱĵ״, һ졣
ҶĴš
Ǽº󣬾ȻҾɽ㡣
仰, ʱѾ뵽ʦЦɢȥš
ֻصһ, ֪ˡ
ҲЩʦڣлɽ, ʮҲ빥ȥܹȥġ
˼֮·, ʱŷʪţϸⲻ
̧˸, Ծò
ԡһԿڵ
ʱ΢ȥԻ紥㿪
֮ǰ, ǻйʶཻ˿˿˿Ƶһ֪벢ϡ档
ʱȻָ, Щ֪ô
ʶеǸ˽, еĽⶼͬԼ޶£˵Ǹ, 
İǰ
ʱĵǸ뷨ð˳
齣, ô춯, 齣Ҳܽ͹ȥ˵, ɹ, ѵΪɹǣܴӽתˡ
ҪҵĽ齣ˡ
ʱֱ߳һסһΡ
Ľϸһ˪ȴһƬš
ѽնݽ׵ţȻ֪ò
˪ѩݣ졣
һƷȼ䣬ûеڶ
齣ķâ
ʱḧŽ˳ë봹۵׷ӿ
һԾţܸܵ˿Īİˡ
رݵǰһ㶡
ãȻؿȥʱºͣ۵ȻбУȴһ͸ǡ
ƽʱܲһ
о˹
̿ˮ۾ʱϺݹĽؿš
ҪҪʲô
ѽʱƽʱͱòУһһ¶Ҫúð죬¿ˡ
ôͻȻõǰˣ
ʱĵҲЩš
Ͼֻ壬뽣ͬվ齣ͻȻ˵ʱʱΪʲôණ˽ϣȥԼʦ𣬽аǵ÷Ц
֪Ľ飬Ҳˣÿͬ˵ƣ̸أֿͬһ㡣
ɽھݴһʱֻ֪Ż飬ǲ˵ģģҪôҪôа
ʱ㽫⵱ܣĽ峿¶ʱͬʺãѩ֮ͬһͬǣҹᡣ
ѽǰʱȴϵһµϸ֦ĩȻȫɵ֣ýɢй
гӹȥʱŽֱӫ⽥齣Գƣγǧ꺮㷺ǳ⣬еľʯŻȻ¡
齣г֡ǽȴôҲû뵽ǽع顣
⡭
ĿİͰͽŵؿʱҲ֪
⽣ôͻȻ˸вУʲôУΨѽԣʱĽڽǰ˷ͷ
ʱסҵ֣ԵһֱҪҵĽ
סˣʲô
˰ΣŻڵôᣬĽ
ҪҵĽģѾ桭
ں𾪵ؿԼĳ
Դ޹ֺˣȴ֪ʲôʱ޳ѩѵȻ޴棬ʱѼһģһĳС
ʱ˲޾ȣ۵׶˷Ȼ
Ҳȷˣȷ齣顣
·һжмѭȴȻ֪᲻Źӽ
Լ֮ǰ̬ƺҲôá
ʱ򴽣Щ
ȴ֪ʱüģеĬĬģһæ˻ȥ
ⲻҵĽģģ
һǿʱΪѹ
ʱ뽣ʣղĻϲȴ̵ѹš
ϲ𣿡
˵壬ѣһ¡
ʱʱǵ齣һ仰
Ҳͬ㲢硣
ʱʲôǣһһǲǲս
ǽѵһεĳĬƺһ䡰󱿵
еġ硱Ӧ˲оݣһһ
оʱֵֹģʵһЩҲֵֹġ
һ䣬ס
ʱôؿԼڵĴ𰸡
ڴܵĻش
ϲ
ȻƯü΢΢䣬¶ЩЦ⡣
ʱˣҲͿˡ
ϲĻش֮࣬мֲ㣬ȫԼЩҲƾĶ
Ϊʲô̲йӴںƺҲֻ塣
ĵҲ֪Щʲô֮ǰʶȣΪ겢ûбȫɡ
ԭָ˭
´Ҹʺ籽㣬ָ̣ˡ
һʱüһ£˼죬ûٿڡ
Ƭ̵ĳһ̾ʱƺЩ롣
΢΢̧ۿȥŮ⿪Ҫȥ
ǵһվ۾֪ÿδ
֮ǰܻ䣬ôˡ
ʱµһ٣Īؿȥתʲôأ㲻˯
˯˯˯·𱻶ԭأȫ¾ֻ춯
˯滹棿ʱְ̧·ɢ䴹䣬βᵴɨ࣬ᱡżճ
΢ָ߬գգ۾ĿŮ˺˻
ʲô㶣ʱڴߣ΢¶ƬСɾµǣƤ͸żֳ겻չס
ֳ̧У
ŲŲ߹ȥоǰʱֻĶĶ
˯棿ʱԼ޲ѡ
ûУֱ㶵صͷ
ֱɵ࣬˫ֽץűӣԴҲκġ
ʱϨƣ£ĿڣôңôԶ
Ȿһ˯Ĵм伷Ҳһ
ͷ˼ǰǽߣͲ굽ǽˡ
¸OO@@ض˶ʱо˹ȴԱž롣
ڰʱ΢΢һüôзִУ
֮ǰɲġ
Ϊ裿
ʱйǣûٶԡ
˯ɡ

һ磬½˴˸棬۵ͬĺࡣ
Сû̲סЦôˣȥˣ
ûǰһȥˡ
½ߣ㲻ллҿǰæˡ
زѵͰһ䷿𣿡
˵Żű˴
½ǻһЦ簡˯ÿɺã
š۵ЩңڿһԵ
˭֡
½ǣʣʲôˣ
˻
ô˵Ҳʦ㣬ܲܿʦ㱻С۸
½޹صɴ۾⻰ʲô˼Ҷֱһˣܶʲô
ɵؿȥģ
½һЦ˳˹֡
ش˹ȥԴԴ
ֺ£㲻֪



71
ɡ
ôһ, ͵̧ͷĵ˼ңֻǰĳҲء
ʱ뵽Ӧ, ֻû뵽ᵱ濪ڻؾ
Ϊ½ǣ
ʱҲ½ǵչѳˡĽޣ˲Ľ, ǴСܻ༸顣
ǡ촹˵ΥĵĻش
ʱЦһʵΪʲô
ͷδػ
, ŵƵػصʦһ
ңʱָ棬˵, ͳҲ⼸Ĳ
㶼û˽𵤣ôң׺ڵľҲ, ʱܱһ£㻤, Ҫֳ㣿
һ仰ʱɫɷף˵ɡ
õġ
ϥϵָָ߬Ϊ΢, ʹҲѡ
, ܽ𵤣õѡ񡣡ʱһָʺ죬ָ̧յһȥ, ڣɿ
ָٿȻһ, ̧ͷ, ۵׶˷ݼ, Ҳܻ塣
ʱ΢΢ü, Ѿûʲôġ
᲻½ǣҿ԰һͻȥ
ҿ˰̣̼֪Ѷˣ׺ػ֪գ½öҪȥ
˭֪ʦò˵ͽô
Ϊס˶ʱǰɾ֮£һδɡ
֮£
֮һƳǣػʮأҲӵ򣬻һŵ˵䡣
ʱ̧˵˭
ţôţΪʲôҪ
첻̫Ϊʲôʦ巴ӦͻȻô󣬲ΪԼ˵ˣȷϺ˵һΡ
ᡭš
šʱɫ˰˾ȻǧǰѾˡ
ɫ죬СĿʵʦ֪ˣ
֪ʱЦһ΢΢ϺĥƵʯʱ촷ɢһء
ͻһ磬ʯ۾ߣʱйŭ⡣
ļϵһβ̣ʱĥ
ŵһȥ顣ʱѹĵ׷ӿһ߲Զ½ǺȥͬʱĬرȥǰӣ͸Щ顣
½Ǳȥ
ɡ
Һúÿ硣
һɫ⣬ʦ⻰⣿
ڣЩϣȥʲô
ʱвʦţɻﲻ̫ԡ
ȥһҲ÷Щ
ʮѾŵɢأ󷽱ʱδἰʣ»֪ԽԽá
˼ɫɵһ
įʦ壬ҽʧȥҲá
ʱ
ȥܵ𣡣
ض˵һὫ½Ǵ塣
˵գӣߣ촹ͷں档
ʦ塭
뾡ȡһ¡
ʱ׿һۣ˼Բ˵
߽ӣһµˣ½ǡ
ͬʱתϾǲ졣
½ȿ˿룬ֿ˿ʱָָ̧Լң
ʱͷȻƫͷȥ
ףؾصվ½ߡ
ʮԾŲʱߣ˶ʱ档
½ǻЩ£ǣ鶼ôࣿ
˵תͷߵİ룬һüˣ۸ˣ
ҡҡͷҲûͣίǿ̲˵ˡ
С㿴ʱˣװͰ͵صʱι˵ʲôˣ뻹Сô࣬۸һСʲô
İٶ˻۸ʮģûһųϵӡ
ʱ
Ӱһάڶ𣺡￴ʱ۸ˣ˵˵вС
Һ˵˵ԼῴҼҰ֮ǰúõģͲˣ϶˵ʲôĻ½˵žҪǰһۡ
ײһ͸ǽ
ںʱ
ʱ½͸ǽʲôҳȥ
Ҳʲô϶Ҫѡ
ҪǸҰߣҾͣҾͰϣ

ʱ

ɫע˽·ܱ߷۰ӣߡ
ͷ󲢲ѣﵽǧҪķѵʵ١
ʱЩε½ǵĺۣﾭߵһ
ΪѹžüĺʮַɢͻȻҪ
ͻȻһȣϤ룬ĵ˲ӯ
ۣ˳ֻǽڷֿЦۡ
󼴳ɣֻʣһʱ޶һ׼߶ȥ磬ȴͻȻһ˳ǹϮֱ
ʱ͵һʱת˷ͬʱ˫ʣ͵ĺڽǹ
жϣɫȥ
½һ߻Ű룬һ߽˳ȥ
ڽǹˣڿзת˼ػС
ԭǰҼΪʲô£ûǰɣ½𡱴ӣ߳Ǹ˺ڽǹǳ֡
ʱضӣǸȥļ𣿡
䣬һǰΪϳٳδĳʲô£ҿ
λǲ׺ϱ˭Ҳҵ
ɡ
˶һۣĬûոյ£λǰļá
ļеĲ׺ڲݲֹŵͬʱ޲
ʹҡڵڲԶΧź
ߵǰһۡ
æƿеվֽ޴ţӺʱʱһ
϶αЦӭǰȥΪˡ
ʱ΢΢ףֱԵ˵֮£˵
ġƺѾ˵ǣſڱǰЩӲ׺شһʮĳ䱻ǰˣɻǲڽ޴Ѱǰѽط£ڵʵǿʢߣԡ
˵һ룬ʱʾζԡ
ЩذǸ֪治ڵĳץ
ʱĵһϻһĮȻԣǵطǲ׺أæҲϹذɣ
᲻ᣡԸæЦ΢΢̧ͷƵض˶ģ˭˵ʲô
ʱװһԥӣͷˣΣ
½Ǻ컹֪£ҲûŻػֻཻ񣬶Щɡ
ʱҪľǼ˶Ȼݾߡ
Ŀһƿӣ֮ǰõģǾԥһȻӻȥʱ񣬡һжʦġ
½Ǻں濴֮ӣȻֻһۣȴ͸Ų򵥡
Ҳؾ񣬶Դ㣬ͬġ
Ϊϣأʱʣͬʱ⿴ӵɫĵ״λ˵˼
ʱδӦֻ׺֮һ򽻺ãȿ˿ڣҴʱڲ׺æȻҪģʮʵǿˣҲУҪЩ׼
Ȱ½ߣҵǸл̵Ѿͷõٵʡ
ΪϾΣżЦҧ˺
ȥˣվǹޡ
á
㹻ˡ
ʱ׼뿪ļãȴһԵͻȻڣˣ˺Ϊ˵ˣΪ˱λʮĳߣĺǱ½ƣκδͷõġ
Ļָ
ʱ΢΢һЦһƬ⣬֪ˡ


72
Ҫ, Ұﲻæ𣿡
ٷԺ·½һֱʣЩ
Աȥ밢밡
½ɫһ, 㲻ˡ
ʵҲȰѰͻ̽ĽΪԼûģܽ𵤲, ʱ⣬ܶϸֲ˵ţһ۵С, ¸ܽ𵤵Ĵۡ
Щ̽˵, Ǿţһë
ֻҪ̽, Ҳһʱ䡣
£ܾˡ
˵, 𵤵£а취ܱġ
ֿ, ۵

ҡ
á
½˼, ǰеʱƫͷһİ룬ס, ˴Լࡣ
Ӧվ, ǰһһС
˫ֽ, ߶ʮָۡ
½ᶯ˶ָ, ĦŶԷָ, һһģʲô
ֱֻýӲҪʱֽ߬סװһ޹ȥ룬ôˣ
˶СڵûС
Լ˶òű죬½ǲЦüë۾һ䡣
ĵҲ֪׽ŪԼֻε̾һŪԼ֡
صٷԺԭʱʯѾ˻ˣλЩС󣬸ˡ
ΧߣһʱЩĬ
һ´
˫۾תžԴ˹ȥ
ʱ塣
ʱ΢һüңָ˹壬Ϣʦġ
ʦôˣ
ţɢ˿ڿԳ
֪£嵱֮£֪ͨͷǰ׺Ѱ㣬мصġ
ʱŴ΢΢ü֪΢ϻȷʱ׺
ʦô뿪磿
ͬ⣬һصؿš
˻ط˵ģǹһϸͷô찡ϻ⣬ƥﻳﶼǲǡ½˵ſϻˣְѵߵĻ˻ȥ
Ͼ˵˼Ż̫á
ʦôһĵһĬĬԼʦ˵
ȥ˴ʱעΪָ·
Ȼˣܲܲܡ
Ҳվһȥ
áʱʾһ򣬡ȥһ̡
أ㻯һԶȥ
ָһʯ֮ء
ĴߣǺ
Ѿĺǽ⣬ЩҰ޲ϡ档
ЩǺһ߹һһֱ񷣬ʱüĿһݣӰһʧԭء
ŨصѪȣضǻǵʬ壬һȺľۼء
ڱʬм䣬һɫӰŮۿʪһƬԶʱʱչЦգֻɫбųĲҰס
ʱ
֪黹ǸӣһҪ
ԽȺǵʬ壬ߵʱǰ΢üۣڵ֮ǰδͬɻŵ£
ʱδӦ仰ֻؿֱ˶Щڣŵᡣ
֪ü۴ЦǾͺá
ֿ˿ʱյʵôûһ𣿡
ûСʱٳ̤ȥں˿λ

̧֪Ͻȴ齣ͻȻ˱һ£֪æַסʱֽ߬խϸ
ôˣ
ʱǲ⣬ƽûʲôӦ齣ôͻȻ궯Ҳڸ
ָעڽŲĳ
齣ƽϢŭָֻ֮ǰŵӡ
ʱҪУһԼ仹һֻ֡
ˣٶˡ
ҡЩ¡֪ԥһ½ɣתΪץ
ʱ̧̧֣ץӣȴû뵽֪⣬ֱֻ
Ǹӣȴů
Щȡ
ֵͬĸоͬ
ĵ΢΢ʣʱ΢΢ƫͷŮ˼ͷƺԽеš
¾ͱۡ
š
ʱ֮ǰ졣
ֻ֪ڿգ߷ϣٹϢĹܱߺһů֮ӣ
˫ڵϣȻִۣʱһСԺǰԺ˵Ц
ʱ˳ָ֣鲻ֻóѣԷſˡ
֪ŷӦæɿ֣ʱѾԼճһۡ
Բ𡣡
Ǹǵĺϸȴ㿪ˡ
ް
ʱһ֣ɫһȦź۲ƣתۼѻָԭ
ˡ
һǰһ߳ӣ֣½̧ۿ˱ʱվӦȥ
֪鳯񣬡½
½òԵص˵ͷһߵʱɫ΢أոλˡ
ʱʵʲô
һȦˡ½ǽŵҿ뿪ķ򣬺뿪ķ򡣡
һû˵Ķأ
½ǿʧƲƲ죬ֹôż
عԺոֶ˸ˡ
ת¹ɣһͻˡ
֪ջߣ׵л

ʱԶԶǴ¥ܷ󲼾ֶͬΪ蹲õլԺһ¡
ɺ¥ˡ
ѰĨϤӰ
߲޶ٲ׺ӿأ¥ڽʯ֮ϣԶ۶
ʱ˿Ĺ¥󷨲ֵߣ΢תƹɺ¥Ȼһ齸ʯ֮ϿҪҵˡ
ƺȡʯʲô
˾ԶǽʯҪʮɣֻ輸ϢܽʯϺ֪ΣٵŮ
ӿֹĶǺҲ̺谭ȵʿУʩȣֻƾԼġ
ʱʱۼһޱûգ۵ĹûټͬӦ
Ǻ֮£㲻ֹʲô
ĪһŭʱŴɵס¡
ں˾Ͻʯǰһ룬ֹסŮ˴Ӻ뽸ʯļ϶дܹʪ˰ء
˴붫ʱδѵ⣬ǰͻȻһĻһȦȦΧŻʢڷ΢΢ҡҷġ
㡣ӻ̽ͷǰ鷢ˮʪһ۵͸ŨĻϲ
Ϊʲôңʱʣﾾ
򶫺Уֳڽʯ±ҲŶʶ
⻨ȡĺĵУŲ˵ڵ⣬Ƕ֮
ͻ֪ĺ
ÿժ˸㡣
ǲ֪ˡ
ʱδӻ
պãȵˣڱˡ
ˣʲôˣ⣬ֻ㡣
ʱԼ仰ƽĴһ˼ǳЦ⡣
ڻϵ˵㣬һ΢
ȷ
˼Ҫˣ
üһ䣬Թ԰ѻ
ô˰
ʱɫͻȻת䣬һһ룬ոյûˡ
Ҫˣ֪֪жΣգ
ѿЦÿģһѵ˻ȥͷС⣺ģҶѾ׼ˡ
˵գС̧ȥʱ
ʱһ̾˵ҲΪժ͸Լ
أ𣿡
ʲôɻʲô
û
ʱ½ô˵Ϊ֪ɺ¥ʵ£żҴҸ
û¡
ûаҡͷЩĻʵôˣ
ʱû¡
ƭˡ


73
îʱ, ̫䣬Ʋһ㣬͸ӣڵϰ߲Ӱ
¹, ׺ѽʳȳԵɡѰˣһƬӣ, Ӱ紵Եù¼š
¹
ţ֪Ǹջ񣬻׿ʱ۵״ЩǸ⣬Ǹ, ո˵ʲô
ֽոյĻظһ顣
ãл֪봹, ⿴ԶһǺܶ
ϵ, һһ
Īһ仰Щ⣬΢΢ƫͷ, ӣ轣ˡ
۰Ʈ֮䣬һһ׵Ӱʱһ, ܽĶ֮ϡ
ֱһԡ
ǰ̾Ƕڽȷʵܼ
𡭡֪Цһ, ̧ôܼ
ܼǳΧߵĻ
ɫô, ΪոյĻ, ֪ŷӦԼ˵Щ˵Ļ
һõǰޱ˵׿Խ, ʵʧ
׷, Ǹ¹, ʧˣ¡
֪Ц㲢δ˵ʲôҲû˶룬ǵȷԣܼ
Ůɫ糣۵ºŵЦ·ֻĴ
½ǴӷгɫĪߵߣ֣ţôˣ
˭֪½̽һСƢЩʿ˴˿ĵģҪʲôаħ
֪鿴ǰ֮˵գĬĬƿۡ
ߵһߣЦһȴ֪Цʲôᣬ̾
Զӣ֣۰׻ƵĽǣˮζ
ڼĵĻˮ֮УʱתеĽסĽ΢΢˹
ӣü۴ЦʦѧΣ
δôƺԼʱһ˲󴽱߹ǳǳĻȣпɡ
пɣ
ǾͲǺ⡣
˫ʯӣнһתܷ۰׶ʱˮͣһ˲Żʧ
ڻģⱻһ
ʱһѩ׳ۣմȾǵĵۣʱ˿̵Ǹӡ
һ̧ۣ˴üë۾ʢЦ⣬а֪ӡ
ʱ̧̧֣вٻƮ䡣
ڵµָ΢˲һֻ֣Ӧǰֱӽ˻С
ССѵһ
ȵӻ³һڵӣʱʱѾԶˡ
ȵѽ
ôһҲɢһ˿⣬ҹ£ƵͳѹǱǰס
ʱ֣ɺ¥һĽʯ
ʱɺ¥ãȴв׺Ѳ顣
ͷǿʱϣǼŶԷ϶е㣬ֻ㻹Щӣ񵭵Ϣ
һǼϣ૵ˡ
ֻּͣϢ֮䣬ܼ˿弸֮
ֵһһСӰţϵʮ־衣
Լص㣬̱ҵۣȴûҵԼˡ
ò׶Ѳӣðǰ˾ȻʧԼˣ
ضһ½ţ׼ȥһתͷͻȻˣһһĺڰ޳
̵Բ۾Ҫȴʲôסһ㣬˻ȥ
һСͨ죬ڿ·Ůӵʱ͵˿Ȼһϣ֮ȥ
˿˵ˡ
ˡ
գգ۾ЩôųָָԼָָʱʵǳôˣ
̧ͷǰλڰ޳Ͱ͵ǣ·ûûӦ
ʱ͸ˣڽᣬֳ滨̵Щ꣬Ѳӿˣץʱ䡣
ͷ̶ɺ¥Ϥ޵ڣҲҵǰ蹵Է
ԷÿմɨǸɾ࣬ߵһǰƺһ
ҪҵĶ
ʱЩ֣Ķô׸һСѾߡ
ֱڰнĶóһľСӵ
ҼС֮λֽС㡣ص
ʱľȴ֪λ
ⶫ潻С㣬ǻẦ
ò˵ĻνȻὫٵʲôһѲ۵ľУ֪蹶Խ飬ľᱻܣϰŵİ֮˵ľѾ͵
ס˽蹲ҽݸ¶ԲᵣľϵĽƻᱻ˿
ǲ׺󵨣Ҳ顣
õ˶ʱѸٻصٷԺ
½Ǻȴţ֪Ҳǿǡ
ʱ½硣ؿ֪ɷһã
֪鿴ЦҪãȻ˫ַϡ
ֻ̧飬ֱֱصݵʱǰ
ʱҪ̧΢΢ס۾΢ɲԱ߶˶Ȼŵɡ
á
֪齫̯˲ɫı䣬ڰлš
֪ʲô
صһС
Ȼ˵ɶ֮ȻڣɺƵʲôЩӦɲ顣
ȻʣҲֻһ仰һ󣬻Ǭ䡣
û
ʱ΢Щʧ鵽Ǿ֮Խɶķ
лʱʾ֪齫𣬡׺Ļ̥֮˱ȱȽǣСЩ

ա
һȲǲ˵ǰģʺһȻߴǰء
ʱΪףЩӵġտȫǰء
½ͲԾ룬ս֡
û˵ʲôߴһϤĵɤ𣿡
ʶصţ
Ʊս½˵һᱣ㡣
½ͷһȣ޲ðڡ
İôôá
ֻϧڲ̫ʡ
֪ڶ󣬵ͷ۽ް봹ֱһǿҵ޷ӵϣŲʵ̧ۿȥ
Ǹߵˣζ
˸նţ˭Ҳá
ӡ
ʱע⵽ߣ֪ǰƤЦⲻЦؿӣôðöһҿǷʧ
Ӻ߳һЦƿߡ
̧֪־סʱӣƺں¡
û¡ʱһ߿򽭷㡣
Щһ״ͽصʯϡ
ӦǽصԿһࡣ
صʯŻǰһڵУƺܽĳռ䡣
ΪϣҲ׺ˡ˼ܿطЩη塣
ʱĶĵЦ
ȷշǳ
֮Ҳǲ׺ֻܵЩ˿²ʣҲһͬǰɡ
ʱɫ⡭
Ըȥʱⷬʵ
ΪϵĻ޵һǰȥúáҲһԿڡ
ҲҲá
ǲ׺أĵطغƺƵʮˣѲ׺ϵĸ߽׵ȫˡ
ϧúܡ
Ȼ֮һء
˵֮طǲ׺Ī˭뵽׺ؾȻһ޼ʴݲĻĮ
ˮԵʿУضҪʮܡ
ɳ첻˵ƺ춯
һƬΣķĻĵأҪѰһ֧֪ģıʣںҲûʲô
죡ңʲôͺһߵһš
ʮ׺ӶʱɢĴѰš
Ҳɢ˲䣬һ󶯵мصһһѪ
ɳʱȾɫѪ
ѪζŨأܻĳֳ˯Զޡ
ߡߣʱһ˶ʱγѣת֮ʱֽʱǵѾʧˡ
޿ˡ


74
ֻת֮, ʮ׺ӱ㱻Į֮²֪ﾡѪɫ󺧣Ҫ֮ʱһߵ, ӹһ١
ǰ亹죬ִһת۱㿴ҪһҪģ
ǡһЦ, ߳
˲棬ֻõͷ
µ񣬱Ҫ
һߣʱµĽҲֻסһˡ
ճѪ, ŵȴԲµĶͲסӴӻɳй˼, ޴Ӱͷչڣ˫ĿһǰһؿСϵʿ
ʲô, ȻֻǰģҲɵؽš
ⶫëȮ, ȣûĿʵȴʮֲֿ, ʹ̫ӡĽ֮, ֻ޵ѹȻ˴
֪֮ɫΪѿЩѪֱֲ̧ȥ
, ֪, Ϲ޻硣
磿ⶫǧǰͱ𡣡½ǲ, һֽųǹ, һֻֻץŰ롣
û뵽׺صͦһ, תȥǱѾŵĽ㡣
λ֪Լҽޡ
ǰֻŭĿӣƺֲóȻߣǻŶԷ
Ϊϣ취ɱǣ
㻰һڣһ˶
ɱǣ
ⶫϹޣ˶һֵˡ
ҲһԭûʲôĻ类һޱߵĻĮһϢ֮㱻𣬷ɳ죬нӡµĽ磬ֱ߶
ʱѾ֪ںδˡ
ϸСɳЮų磬ȥҲǰ취

ת֪飬ޣֻȡ
֪о⣬ȴĻҲǿת΢Ѱš
ϻϵҪҵģ
ꡪ
һ죬˾̧ۿȥȹ̵ĽѾѺۣ˿ϸѺۿɼٶӡ
֪״ЩϢ֮£Щƿأֵ֡
¡ʱ̧ס΢΢
ºͣһԵɵزӡ
š֪Ŀ΢Ц
˴һֺգһۣĬĬƿ
ĵǵСζѹ¡
ǣ
Ӧ飬һű㽫飬ʱֻһһ˲㱻ûڻɳ֮С
ʣߵ
ϵֻ˷ֿ
ʱ֣ڽֱһ£ȥһ㣬ۡ

ɣʱ˿
Сĵطųʶ̽ڣȴֺټܿտ÷·ֻˡ
ֻ޶ûӰ
ʵڹ졣
ϵȻһɣʱ봹ֻ׽˻š
˵ģǰֻܱɳ룬ߴһЦᣬʱˡ
ǹġ
ʱõצӣȻֽקýЩ˶ʱһ𣬺ڶϡ
ô죿
˰ɡ

ѰϢҹȥͷףûаˮ֮ЩѪ
ԼЩԾƺǻþ
šʱӦһ
֮ʱ˱㱻˻þǺ裬Ҳֻλˡ
ֻֻޣҪǶ˴þΪʲôء
ҪɱֻһƵ£αط»þǻط죬۸޴Ѱ
ʱЩȱˮĵƣƺδ֮
ǻӦһء
ء
ڡ
һֱڰ
һ˲Ļƺ˵飬Ӧꡣ
ĵ֪ԼӦǺʱЩǣģǣֵزѾǲˡ
֪һ㣬ʱĵ׼Ҫˡ
ȻҲֻһļԡ
һֱԸ𣿡ʱ˵Ļ
򴽣ܵ촽ĸɺԣԸ⡣
㲻ʲôõط
ǰ֮ת˲任ߴ½ǵĿ޺
Ȼؿʱԭ֪γþ
ʱЩرܿĿ⣬г
룡
һĺ˽ɫһߣͬʱȥ
֪Ϊֻ޾ȻûӰ֪鵹һ߲֪½ǵϥأֳǹضŰеˡ
졣
˵ʧܲٿȴʵʵڸڿУδ
ʱӣϲʮŨ
½ǣⵣǵʵô£
ϻһʶҪð帴½Ϊ͵
ǵΪ
ʱüһ䣬Ҳ֪仰˵컹Ҫ
Уӡ
ָٽӡüĴһһɨ
佣ȫһ
ʱ໹ǱһǴ±һƬѪɫ
׺ݣŭǰҵˡ
ʱ
һʱ˫ָ⣬ƫƫͷԼ
ΪʮþȣĻ¾̧еĽ˹ȥ
ֻ岢ȫƣ޽нơ
ʱɶһҲٶԣ˫ָӳһϰİĽ⣬ûüġ
ֻʣһʶ±㱻ܲסҪ롣
˶䣬һĨɴ˳ȥһụ̂˳˸á
ȸʱô죬ҲЩëβһƳȶųʱͷֹԵز˲ʱͷ
ʱŻȥȥֱƵ½ǻ
ʶ𡣡
½ǵɫһס
ʶ𣬶Ҫóɵص󲻷֡
ˣİҪɵˡ
ֻô£ʱǱߴѷֵȻʵ
½ǽ뱳ϣ֪飬¹˵籾ƶ֮жơֻޱᱻӰ졣
ʱδɿ
ǱֻͻȻһתȶţʱɳ졣
ûĿʱȴڶԼ
Ѫ
ϲѪ
뵽˲䣬ʱߡ
ֻ޿׷ȥĿһµسʱ
һæ׷˹ȥ
ǰŽͼעʮɵĽһۼ¡
鼱֮£ж׼ۣ޹齣ȻԸô
ʱٶȽ˲䶼㱻һ£Ҳ˲
һҧ
ң
ʱŭ͸ɳ˹һ٣ŽлѪ⣬Ѫ䡣
Ѫȷӡ
ƺյ˼Ĵ̼ٹʱתͷ
ؿһĻԣҡ


75
ɳ, һĻУŮ˽ҧгݵĺǳ⡣
Ϊʲô
̰Ƭ̵ӵСŲ˵۱ܿŮ˲Ⱦİ, ҲܿȴһΪ
ʱֻ˳һѪι
Ķ, ָһŮ´й
зִ磬㲻ˡʱ۲Ѫ˿
Ҳ̧֪, ִֵؿҿΣ, 㡣
ԣҶ𣿡
齣ڰкػһ, ʱļһæ§ø
ûС
̡
ʱС, ̾û˵ʲôػ
˵Ӱڿмٴʱ׼˻½Ǳߡ
ʱѾѹ, ֻ۳ֳ, ҲŷŨ
Ѿǿˡ
ң
Ҵ仰ֻֽ𴦡
ʱƫƫͷ˵
˫ַסԷ, ΢΢˱㻻˸λá
ٿ齣ʮ, ֻŵ޹齣΢΢, ƺйŲ
ʱһֻ̫ӡ, ֮, ۡ
Ȼɶ֮Ǳ˴֮ضٶЩϵ
ʶ˲串أֻ޼ͻĮͬɫƬή֮Ϊһ塣
ⲢԶ޻磬ֻΪ֮ĳֽƻûػ֮ޡ
бˣɳʯ𣬻֮
½ǣʱ
СʮƵػ˹
Ҫǣǻɳη𣡡
˭˵ˣ˵ע㣡
½ǹĻһ׷ֻû޶ȥ֮ơ
֪
㻹𣿡֪鿴ֻͫʡ
ǣöպڵ˳Σ˿̾ѾҪͻơ
ܺá
Ṵ˴ǣĿǰѪ³ǹ˳Ӱϣվˡ
֪鴹۽ޣ۵Ī
ʿҲܳɽΪԼ
ֻ½ǴһǹճһƬơ
ԭ׷޶ʱŤת˷򣬶Ǵӻ֮еĳߣ᲻ýߵѪȣֻڲԶһٶ
˾һ𣬻泤Χġ
ʱϵСȸԴǾ޴ޱȵĻ
װףϲô𣿡
ʱѰŽ·ڣֲءšһܹȥ
Сȸգգ۾˼Ļ
ߵ½ǣ޵ô
Сһ̧̧°ЦǣҲ˭
ǣ̽Ȼúܡ
СҲضð
һЦവʮֿġ
ҵˡ
ʱз·һ⣬ָⵯǰûһƬ֮С
ֻ޵ʵ
ֻʮ־裬ʱȥ˲ͷų˵ѹ
ոջЦŻ½ؿһƣ߱Ѫ
ֲ̧ȥյصɹȥΧż˵ĳҲ֮쳹Էʾ
ſڵܲ͸硣
ʱѹĲʣɫ΢ס
˵ֻĻޣͷųѹ˿ڻڵǿߡ
Ǽ֮УߵҲԪӤҪѻʯ
ʱɫѿ
µΣЩСǱ³
İǰмΪԼվ
̷·Ľģʱظܵ齣
ô졣
ǹº飬ʱݺ֮⣬ƽҲȳ˵˲٣ȴǵسЩ
һ˶ֻޣ⼸ָô졣
ҶģҲܶġ
İǰǰ㡭
˼ҳһţʱĺҲɵ˼֡
һԵһֱעѷʱĲԾ
ľܲȣϵʧ
ѵǶˣ
ʱ
ʱת飬޽ſǰˣ촽䶯ôˣ
ȥסֱ֣͹ǽڡ
ʲô
ʲôʧ̬ˡ
ʱܿĵǣֱǰ
ΪҪӱʱŮ˵Ļҿܻסǡ
ʱ͸Щ
˭Ҫ㻤ˣ½ǵӺ˹ЩΪһţҲֻһʱˣһ˳Ӣ𡣡
࣬˫ɫ۵е
ʱƺ˵ǲǿԱ㡣
ʱһĨЦʣ𣿡
С̧°һ˼Զҡҡͷ
ʲôȥɡס֣˽յתˣΪǾ֮˲Ľޡ
ˣ
Ϊ
˲Ľޡ
ĵĳḧʱŮ͸˵̨𽣵꽣͡
ѩЩ嶥ľɫ
ڽһ˵ܼɵǸ˵һΪҲҹаи
һһµػӽһʱһգǿ﷦ζġ
ڲ֪ҹķѩУʱǵһһֱԼ
˵ĻǣΪ˲Ľޡ
ʱΪ̵ϸߣٻӼ½ὫͷϵѩԼ˪ѩһζ
仰ʱҲʱŮڴεֻÿɬ
仰Ҳ˲ޡ
ֻ͸仰ǰڴʣˣ
лιãȻʲô
ʱ˿ȴҲЩʧ
û¡
㹻ˡ
ʮѾȫչѹǵء
ʱĿڱѾѪӰԾ½ǲٿŻ
һһҼޣ޹Ͷ
ĬŻ޹ֱնʮ
ֻûʮֻҪȥǵʮɴǵʵûȥƬա
ֻ֮ѹ֮ӳĽҲҪΪǿҲֻ޸չˡ
Զ¿֪½ǿż̫Զϡ
ȥǰɡ֪ЦһҶŵһµģοء
ָָ棬½̧ͷȥʱµ̫ӡ
˼Ƭ̣ŵСġ
֪ͷ
½ǹȥһˣǻ泤޵Ķʱ
ʱ⿴ԶˣҲû˵ʲô
ǣסֻ֪ǱҲ㰲ȫ
֪ǲ޴ڵĳŭֻޣͷѹһأʱ½Ǻ˿Ѫ
Ѫһӿޱ궯
ʱߣæιһŵҩ岻֪ʲôãкô
⻹籽ġ
һ𣿡
ҩڼʱʱ̨ѹж˲١
Ӧͨĵҩ
ʹڵҩ£ʱ͵ƿӰٷֿһʯԤ׵
ֻ޾Ȼܾɳʯ
ʱ㿪ľʯȥʮֻȥһ
˷ѾҲֻȥһ
ȥǳŲʮˡ
Զ½Ǻ໥еҩƿȻա
ʱŴ˼־ϡ
Ǹ취ˡ
ۡ
⼸˲ͣ£ӦǾݵδΪԼ˵ء
Ѫ취ʱΪ֮ɫ类ѪȾ޺졣
һµʱĹɢ䣬紵ҡ
ɴ۾ϷʯӰȰ˿ȥ󺰵ԣ
֪ʱҪʲôĿֻŲ
ô
ֹһҪֹ
һʯû㣬ұ̤̤شȥе޹齣Ҳ֪ʲôطȥ
ĿѵؿŷĵˣֻٿЩٿЩ
ҪʱѳɣʱϲӿѪ֪ʱǰ£һĺǱѪȾġ
䣬ֱ㶵ؿǰԼ֡
ֻմѪ̧¡
ʱ۵¶һĨδйЦ⣬
ֻץס˶Էһʪ䡣
ָ⻬סˡ
ݺӣ˲Ϣ֮Į㸲һ˪
ǽɵĽ
Ϊ˿еİ벽ɣǽɡ
תĽȻɢ
ʮѻ٣޲ڡ
һ˳ֽϥأ˪ԶԶȥǰͷ


76
ؾڼ, ϴ˰ʮ㣬ؿĵǸ󶥿һһֳͷ۾תӭŷѩŮ
Ůһ¼ͬɫ, еĽ˪һһ䡣
⽣䲻֮ʣΪ, ȴЩ佣ӳɫ
Ҳ֪ǽˣ˽
Ϊһһֻ̧, ӯصһ½ż⣬ת, õ²衣
ڣ˿ƻظʡ
ؾͲȥˡ
ؿȥ, 㲻ҪǸ󶥣ôͲȥˡ
Ϊüۼϲ, ƫƫ϶˵ʲô
Ժٸ㡣
һϣҲŻ, ȻʦڶһЩ, ֮
֪֪һԣɹΪЦǺǵشĻ, ü, 㵽ˣ
, ֱ, ɫ
š
Σ
ס
üͷš, ȰһȰǰѣҪҪһܣ֮ٲС£ˣҲ޲ɰ
Ϊ⻰Ҳֻüȴް֮ɫ
յвˮΪȻЦܣΪҪܰɽʮþȵģѹžˣٲƾͷҪɢˡ
̾˿ҲԤϵΪȰˣˣʲôԽԽҪ
ִˣҲҪ׼߸ЩΪ㻤ǧ򲻿ɳǿ
֪֪ˡ
ؾտҺϵûҲΪ㿴һЩģΪǻ벻ģҧҧ޲ðԴٰԼ˵Ļൽ
ΪЦţ˫ǣ곯
ºؾ󿪡
Ϊʦʦ㣬ǰʮ塣
ǻʿҲ԰ȻؿԽʮ߷塣
ĵطЩ֮Ҳ֮ء
˴ѵĶɽٵء
֮ٸ棬һˣǧ
ΪȻ֪Ǿ֮գҲֻܹԶ¡
Լĳ֮ٷ˱˵ֻ
Ϊ
Ϊգ¿ȥһŮԼ֡
һ䣬£Ůǰ
š
ɫ͸ŲɫɫҲҪȳ˸һЩ
ô֪һᾭɽ֮ǰټһѣΪȻˡ
֪͵͵ɽ٣Ҿǰˡָ̧ɽ䣬ЦΪ׼ȫˣһȶɽ١
Ϊǰ̽̽ͷⶼʲô
ЩҩΪ㲹鲹ԪҲ㵲һ׽٣ЩòϣҿġΪһһ͡
ΪԺͷȻ֡
ţ
ţ
ΪȻȻǰɽҰѵ㻹Ҫһȥɣ
ûʮؿ
һȥ
СΪҡͷж˵ǴΣաɽ֮ʱ½磬֮ܽڽ֮ҲԳܡ
Ŵͷʮֵ䣬Ƶؿڣֻ㡣
Ϊ̧ļ֮ûܰҪ̫ܸ࣬ҴЩѾʮֿˡ
ͷˣΪֵֻңڴ˴ҿţҪ˽ȥ
밵Ҳֻһ֮ҲһӰ
Ϊ˵⻰Ҳֻһ
ãչЦգɽȡ£ΪУһҪúôϣ
Ϊͷ潫ɽʳָ
˷ֱΪǰʮںԶԶؿţɫ
ǵʧ֮վԭص̧ȣһǰȥƬΪ֮ء
ǰ㣬ҲΣķ
޶ãǰߡ
ֻ¸տ֮ɫԼɼ·⡣
ЩҰڴʱ˲һѪܰɫһ
ĮزȥһѪɫתͷȥ
ĿĵţɨΧЩü
һصȷʵԷֱ档
ĽŲʼÿЩ
һߡ
ΪѰһտ֮أ֮ܵŨأǵֲָĵز׼ЩʦƵĵҲ㲻ʲô¡
ҪƾʵĻ޵֪㲻뽫ǣϾǳ֮٣㻹ƫƫѡôط
һͻأ
ΪȴϰΪôˣΪλҪٵȡ
ţü֮дЦ⣬˵ˣأʲô¡
齣仰øˣҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
䣬Ϊȶ
ӿ纣ھ֮бڲֹΪʶɢüԶҪ½磬ͷƱ鲼һһѹƲ֮е
֮ٿʼ
ͻȻ䳤Ϊٿۣ͸ƺԼһӰ
֮ôˣ
Ϊ˿˿ڣ䡣
Ϊ齣ֶסüŵؿڣţ
ôᵽѵԼߺ͵͵𣬿޷УôҵԼ
߽֮ΪҲ˵ȷʵţֺʶŲͬǰ͸һа
ţΪȷֻһ
̧ͻȻһĨЦ
Һܾȣû
ĨЦУΪʶǸš
Ϊͷ֮٣һݴòã
Ϊвδ𻰣ɺܿͷԾ
Ľ²֪ʱγһѪ취Ϊתš
Աڷ֮ϣ֮еԷΪγһСС
ҪʲôΪִϽ
ؾأ˵ݽһĳ֮ôŴЦţоǷ
һƿնʡ
Ϊָѣֱ΢
ؿƽ飬Цؾవǧﲻֹⳡ׽䵽ȥ
µ㻹ǲҰźҡҡͷֻ֪û΢ȴ֪һҲǾݵһˡ
ǣݵһΣǱһ޲ߡ
Ϊ̫Ϊˡ
񷢺ݣָһɵмתԼˣʧ֮С
Ϊӣһ
ڿǰʱΪЩղסеĽ
ˡ
ܶˡ
ﲻǰأؾսأ
Ϊ
ΪȥԶһɻؿȥ
ôᡭ
û˵꣬һϷը˶ɵ̧ͷȥ
ֻŻգۼ֣ڳѹ
Ϊһֻú۶ܱ˴󺰣ߣ߰
ˡ
½磬ǰʿһ˳ء
ߣߣ
ʱ͵ؾѣһס˵֡
ᣬԼŵĵ˭ֻżش󺰣ߣߣҪߣ
ּҪץñΣŽᱧסûûˡ
ʱ˿̻ڹȥ׽֮ԼܣۿЩ޹ʿΪԼ¡
ҪҪ
Ҫ
Щ˶ˣ˶ˣֻš
ƾʲôŰ
ʱͷʹذţ۽Ѫ
ʱ㿴ң㿴ң֣һֻ
ʱ˹ȥ
˭Сʡ
һѪʱ˶㡣
ǼⷺᣬЦҡ

ʱͻһ͵ǰס˫ؽ˱š
ţֻı
оʱֹסطһƬʪһƬ


77
ļǻԭ, һյʱ˶Щ㱡
ǧʿ׽֮, һ˸ߺЦ
ʱˡ
䲻ȴҲ֪˵֮µȥܲһ֮, ׻Ϊˣûа
ʱۻãǿѹĵ׵ŭʱ۾
࣬Զ½֪ҲһǵؿԼ
ڿѹ, ͬʱ˿
ĶڵɤЩ˻ƣʱҴܡ
ڽϰ֮ʱ, оһ׼, һϢ֮ھ𿰱֮
ʱԼһУû뵽ĳ, ҲΪ󱬷̫ǿ󣬲ֻޣʦµķӡ, ˹
ʱ¿Ц, ҲʦΪԼ˶˼
ʱػصΪѾľ٣ħڼˡ
֮ˡŵú, ¾˷ѹ, ۵, ǰ˵ʹüֻ౻һֻ, һ˿һɵĻᡣ
֮󡭡
ʱ˳, ЦȴЦϲ۵ת
ǸøˣϾǰ⼸ûΪԼΪֻ޵Ѫʳ
֪˵֮£ôЦó
ʱ̧ܣ⴦ƺһϰĹǽϵıڻȥԭɫʣֻһǳĺۼϡܱóΣǸͷһ
дţ˵׺в֮󣬲붫δ
Բ֪٣ɵǲ׺ӣһŲɲ׺֮вػ
ѵڻ֮Ͽ̵ǳ׺Ͳ
ʱڻಽ࣬˼״Ҳ˹
ڱڻǰ΢ͷһΨһıڻ
ڻ֮ϣϵصͷһ͵ֶ
ʲô˼½ûס˳ǩʲôԼ𣿡
˵żдʿ뿪ǵǩԼûǧ꣬ܿǵ֮٣ԼҲٱἰ֪˵Լˡ
ĬĬתͷ֪顣
ǲ֪϶֪
֪ᣬ΢΢һЦٳ鷭
ԼʿѪڵѹȱһɡ֪ǩԼʱʿȡѪڵ֮ϡ
Щֿ˿ڻǰֵһһˣһĬ
ǩԼ
ҵˣ֪ͻȻϲ֮ʱ˫ֶʶͨ⡭֪
֪ĻԽԽͣƺҲʲôԾ
ʲô½׷ʵ
֪ңһдʱۣ
ˣ
һȴûһϳ
õļž֮ʱڴơ
߰ɡ
ûһҪȥĶֻ⻰е
ټ󣬼òһҡ
һ뷽ҿνر˵һҾǧ³һȴǻ½ྻ޳ǽܴµɴýƣݻ
ҵλ֮Ϻһף֮ǰ׾һŮӡ
Ůһֳֵֵأͦϣ糣˴ɫȴ˿ͬİףһ㡣
ƻ굶ʱϳеĵ
½ɻǲ׺͸ոձڻϵҲ񰡡
ӦǱڻϵĲؿˣΪԼİĹ
֪ѵã֪ۡڼǰʱ֪ڿΪĹǧĲڱʲôط
վڵǰҪȥԸŵ˵徲ʱĿһ١
Ķʵôˣ
ҵˡʱ΢΢ףнӡѾ˻Ӧʣҵˡ
ǲòű˵徲֮ˡ
ɫǰͣ˰ǰ
ǰС
ʱɵüҪף
ѪħҪ
ˣȡʺλǸ
ʱҲû뵽Լһ쾹Ȼȱµ¡
̾˿̤С
ǽżص˲䣬һԵޱȵĵƿնֱȡš
ʱһҪһͻȻһֻֽ˹ȥ
ߴ˼ٵĺʱְţû¡
һ£ĻҲû֡
һҲżر½ǹһߣʱ΢ǱЩ֪ڵǰȻɢδ˼
ô£½һߵʡ
û㲻ῴ
ֻǰֵĲȻ۾ͫضż֪Ĵߡ
͹
ʱ买񣬡ҵȲ⾪ţǰ¡
ǣ
ƻ굶ӳź⡣
ֻҪ⼸ڴ˴Ƭ̣Ҫ׷롣
ôţȻֽ뷨ƷУ绹Щ˵ѪŪ
üȻݺݵصɹȥôߣ
ûߣǸͷĽ޾ǰ
һԪӤĽޣ˴󵨡
ӣеĵ̧
ʱؿ޾ɫ
𣿡ǵԶһ㣡
ûܿƱ˵Ĳֻ΢ط
ʱͣӡһɫڽӡ׼
ǰֻΪʣԸš
ķСӡĪʮ졣
ɶ֮
֣˷ֻǸԪӤʿôɶ֮
Ҫʲô
Ѫħܷħ󡣡
Ѫħŵؿ̷ϵܣѪħѱɷӡǧ꣬ѣ
ûѣ
½ǿǰֳԼڵɴѪħµץڣۿ֮ȴǿտҲ
ǡ쾪ŵҪסȴҲһ㡭֪ˣ
½ǻҰҲֻһ룬ȻЦ̹ûһֻ۶ѣʲô˵ġ
챻Ц̵ֻԼܲŻס
ĬĬս֣ڷӿš
Ѫħµ˺ôܡ
ȥһɹǣɶʮɸ룬Ѫħô
˰벽˰ױߣĴ
һ㣬ǸܻΪԼ뾡ȫ֮ߵˣ磬ô죿
ѾˣûܻӦĻûܸô졣
įش۽ޣ۵װˡ
ǵУв׺ϵӣп
ѪħҲ˵͸ġ
żûжȻЦûˣȻǲ׺ˣǾͱˡ

ļµ졣
õüսеĵƳ
м˱һ⣬ֽϵҲ㱻һɢ
֮һѩɽ֮۵ĺ紫Žһ
¡
ʱͳڶߡ
Ϊ仰΢˭֪޹齣ͻȻܿص
ֻ޹齣еƻ굶Ҳ֮ơ
֣
ʱһɿ֣ϵԾȥ
ͬһʱ̣ƻ굶˲ƿأ޹齣ס
ʱ񣬲ٹ⼸ߣæ׷ȥ
Ҫ
һһͣڰǰѶ
㶵ͣ
ֻƻ굶ԾֳһΡ
ǽ磬ǱӦڰо֮ˡ


78
, ۵׽նϵĳ
Ѫħ֣ȡɶӡڹ۱, Ǻãɶһ٣˵ݣⲻһѡ
̾һ, ս޹齣лᣬҪ֮ʱֻǸ취ˡ
΢΢ɴ۾, ͬôԣɶϯû㡭
ɶֹ, 裬ǣֻҪʮɻһ, ɶڡ
ˣľҲֻǸҼ, ֪𣿡Сĵ̧ۿ
˽֪ɶϯ鵭Įκ˶֮ĺ, ȴֽκκ¶⡣
Ψһ, ֮ͬ
ἰˣıһ, ֱѹ¡
֪

˵Ӱȥ, һһҲƽϢ, ׸ǻƵ졣
磡ҪץסɢֻʣӰ, , Ͳˡ
ȻعڵϣŰǰƻ굶һһصͻ֡
ء
׸ڵķѣҲõһ档
̧ͷ㵵ؿǧİף͵վ˹ȥأأ
Խ׵ģأأ
׻٣ԭֻһƳ̵ʣͨ࣬зĽơ
ʡ
ʱĿ⸴ӵؿʣĬĬóȥȡļٻֱɡ
δʣϵʵҲһˡ
һɵļٻԼ棬Ҳ޲ɡ
硭硭
˫ĿرŵڵзţҪѵϵשƬҪһ
ǰʱסʽǰǻɢ
ͣʵش
֪ʿֻǱ㲻ȥǰҲöHֶػؾݣĻӦǰ֮ءʱţɽóһżݸ
ӹżһҳһҳԽԽ졣
벿ʱĶס
ģ˵ġ
ǰֻȣ˷Уѵһ졣
ɡ粢δҪȣҪȶá
ϹЦ۽ȴһֱᡣ
簡ǲ֪һһֱ㣬㲻ЩʶԲԣŻеĵ㡣
˵ٴοʱˣû֮ǰĽ䱸͵⣬Ǽ޹ͶȥҲ޷
ʱֵ̧ллǰ
һЦҸл㡣
ֻһ쳹صǽ׷̮ƻѰƷȥˡ
ߣղڡ
ֳ˻Įݵء
ΪĻ߳ˡ
ǰһź߳һˡ
ӡ
ֻûڵݵߣӲʵͬ½Ǿ
ʱϲް㾪ȣЦоΣ
İǰΪǧʿض⵽á裬̽ΧΪҪ˵¼½ûа㶯ݡ
ʱ˶պѵЦˣԼ𣿡
ɫ˲гǹųڵħ

ʱֳֽסӭǹ⣬ǰռ½ӵѪħ缸ˣһŭþȫ
һ̫죬Ӧ
ȵǻʱѽְʮУʱвӿѪѹš
ʱ
һὣ׷ϣ½ǺҲȥ
˿֪һ˾վԭأǹһĨ޵Ц⡣
˭½ǿԼʡ
΢۸Цãϲֳ½𰡡
㲻½ǽҧ׿ŵʱϣԼһ𰸡
㿴ʲô㲻𡣡֣һɱ
½һŲһȵصʱǰ档
磬ǹָǰ
ͷЦи˵ΪǾݵ£ܻǡԭǲŵģû뵽İǰˣɣ͸Ϊ̽СҲǰ
˵û
˵ˣšʱƶ
ѽ㻹ǵҡͷתųǹһ㣺ô
ʸңҸĶ
Һ֮㣬òˡʱһž鵤ڵ
ͬӴʱܸо֮ӿһϤ͵סȻҲŲôãƺʦ
ôʦ
ʱϸ룬ΪѾƿ˲׺صĽƣܷӵ룬Źԣϼ򣬡޳
ϻ˵
ɫһ鲻Ըشڡ
һʱѰѳԱ˯ȸ˳Сֱ֮ǰ˲٣ϵëҲȫˣģʮƯ
ȸʱϣ׼һ
ҪɤʱͻȻˣ˼Ϣ֮ҲƵؼ˽ء
һҲһ
ЩƿأҲӦµľ
ವضʲô
ҧҧʱֻǼɵ
ǶҵĿá
治֪ôΪ֮ġһʱˣǱ
ڱصá
ǹɨǧɸߵɳ
ŷɳڣ΢΢ۣӰһǹֱȡʱ׼
ռ½ĿӣŰ꣬һΪǹҲѧ˸

гǹ߲ͬӲǵһ
Ѫ
ǼСڻΪ
ΪΪһʣЩֵ𣿡
İǰأΪһ٣ô޹ɥ
һ˾ħҪȡǰ˵Ҳ̧֮䡣
⿴⼸̸֮£֪ʱĵ׵һ̡
Ŀļֱǰϡ
ҪΪħħ
Ĵסʱ
ʱЦЦߵѪɫΪɫ
ҪʣҿԸ㡣
ɫһ㶣û뵽ġ
ԤӦΪƴΪƮƮؾҪѶˣûԷڵأûпΪȡȴΪӡ
Щʧ

ɳͣΪǸʵĿơ
ʣħܸдǧѪħճ
۵˸˷ܡ
ѾȲˡ
ʱתеʣűʼڿ߹ĺۼ
һ㡭
żаʮµķһһؽƳ
û뵽Լ޾ԨķȴΨһĻᣬǷ̡
ʱ̫ܲ࣬߼˴һ㡣
⼸֮ʱҲ˲ԣ˲ǰ־;ס½ǡ
ʱĶˣһʣէ֡
½ֻһƵܿƵǰȽס
˾ȵؿŷ֮ⱻӶס֪顣
ڸոһ˲䣬֪ƿ½ǡ
¹½Ǵ󺰵
֪ɫϣЩѡ
Ťͷŷе¶һĨȻЦ
ʱ󿴵Ļ档


79
ʻķ󽫼˴һլԺ, Ժʯʯ˸ߣȴ඼, ֻмһʯĿȺְֳͣƿ
ʯһ׷ԲԵϸ, Сϸµزʯ
ŻȥʱؿܣܵΪʡ
½ǺҲûõȥ໥ţֻÿڸ, Ǹǳ߱˿ĺ㡣
Ķ½ǳʣ䵽Զϸϡ
ϸƺûͻȻԼԺеļ, еһһ飬ʯ, ȴԼÿһͻһɾ
ˡǰһ
һͻȻһֻͨڵè׺ݵؾҪǰ
ֻͣ
ﾹȻû˴ָȵ, ˼Σ̽鲻һ˿һҲǱסʹ
½Ǽ״̧Ҫ, ſտҲɫҲʼ
ȷʵˡ
ݾ˿ݽ֮, ɾݽȫޣҲöò
ܶ˵ʮ׷, һĶǡ
طʵڹ졣
С۵׻ιһ˲Ļ, ʵǿ֪εĶҲƴһս, ֻ
롭
ءèһ档
ϸű, ͫضżˡ
һֻèͷ, Ż׵Ҫҧ˵èһ¹˳̧ͷ˶ֻ֣Сءһ
ϸʯ񣬻ǰδǺִֻɡ
ˡõʯһֻۣʮ죬ƺĶ
ϸűһߣèĽź󣬻ͷԭزļˣ׺ݵؽһߴ١
½Ǻ첻Լͬؿ
߰ɡ
ϷѾ˲ˮֿһֱ˵ֽ˴һԵĲҡ
Ҳˣⱻ»ģҲЩҲЪЪ
ֽ˽ǰϷ˻ЩΡ
ʱı˵ĺġ
Ϸ˻ǵ۾תת¶ЩЦЦȴִŻͱʹ
Ǹطǵġ
Ǹط
Ϸ̾룬ãЩǲˡ
ǽСݣ
üšɻ⻰ʲô˼
ѵھ֮ڣ
ǲҪĶϷЦʵ
ʵͷ
ǡϷĵΪͣǰǽƳǣɾӻ͸ˡ
ȻԺְֳƿʯѹֻ÷죬ʯ
ɾӻ֮أѵǳ
ѹݽߣò
˿ǳҲĵˡ
ʱŵϣ˲ͷĺĿ⼫ᡣ
һԵϷ˼״˳ȥ
ص
ֻʣ½Ǻ죬Ϸ˺ֻè
˳½æȥ
СԴңϵԶ׼һ˷ǣһ
ޣûһ
ô˵½ǻЩġ
Цؿŵʱɲ
½ɫһ䣬̧̧°ͺߵ⻰ʲô˼ҿû
ƲƲ졣
дСһ춥š
ǳͻȻ
ʲô½üǲԼˣһ飺
ͷָԺеʯ񣬡ʯǧǰӻ֮ƳǣڸΪǡ
ҲΧ˹֣ͷаʮ֣ɴδ˵һӾ볾
ѵΪʵԵʣ
ʱʱȣʱʻ·Ŵ롣
벻ܡ
˵䣬Ϸ˴һè
ǰģεЦЦȻߵԼλ¡
èһԾϣԼһŰϷˣһ˫۾ȴһգգؿǼˡ
ǴӾ
Ϸ⣬ɤдʣɾɺã
ӣ֪λ仰
ǼλϷʯضʮ
ǧǰ䣬ѵҪһ
˵ڣ½ǺҲǡ
򴽣ܺá
ּţҲ֪Ϸû仰
л϶Ц
αƭҡϷᣬңң죬׼ȷ˵ǿеĽ
նҶȥ
жʱһ
ԭ彣Ȼھ˾֪ڳλϷε֪ϵá
֮࣬˴ܹӻѹǧ꣬˼ǵ彣һϳⲻ̫ܡ
彣ʮϤ
´λϷˣδϿʲôر
ҽѩ֮ޡϷվһʿõ
˾֮£ȴҲػ
ӣ̧Ϸֱʵɾ
ǰ֮ޣǧǰȫ޵ĳܻá
ѩδ֮ԣʱ
ǰˣôֻء
ã֪˿ѲˣɻĴҵţСɾһͻȻص
ϧԶҲȲˡ
ѩҰһ˿Ҳ롣
ûǷִ
èֱżУҧ½ҡΡ
ѩ̧̧èͷϣޱȰ˵̾˰
۽䣬֮ƺּ˵ǧƻ϶չЦŮӡ
ԭǵô塣
ԭʲôû
һһյعѼǲ嵱˺£ǼλͬһɾòѼǲ㣬Ψǡ
ǧƻϣ飬һġ
Ĳǹס
ǲйףİǾʿɶһ
ĵ׵ļǰ
һǧƻᣬһѩ׼Ȱ˵صݣ֪ɶʿ˵ôҪԼΪǣ
Լ֮ʱû뵽£ŵǻһֱһ
ѩƳǵ£ڵ˳Ϊɾ
˵һһֱضʮ꣬ƳҲıӻ֮·˳ƳǰΪ𹩷ϡ
ѩΪõĽ֡
û뵽һһжˡ
ƳˮλɾѹؾݣҲһҹ֮ɰϸֱ
֪ǱΣд˵Ѳڣܶط񶼱£ٰɡ
ѩţ𹩷˵𹩷˵˵ȣСɾǱ߶ӡ
㾡ҲƳǶȹˮ˵ɾֱӻ
ƳǰǴԴ֮ƳǸǣɾڣЩջڼйСɾǧδϡ
һָ⣬ѩ
ǰλ˵ģֿ˵Сɾ
ܿǽ𣿡ѩеĶԲѽ
䲻ǾݵʿȴҲ֪޵ĽҪ
߹䣬ǽѲڣǲġ
ǰ˫ֵ˹ȥ
ѩֹס¡
סͼγɶ˿ûνˡ
Ұ첻ٿǰ˳͵ѩǰ
л
ѩлеӳϵݣҲӳġ
飬ǧټҲ̲ס
ڻӦѩǧ»
ѩ˻ȥվ̲סڼǰʹ޳
˫棬ʹ
èֱ߼еؽţ˫۾֪ʱҲʪһ㣬ҲҪ


80
ѩߵԺʯ, ʯ񣬲ϵ岻סزţʹıм˵Ķߡ
ü, תҡ
ʱδѣݽߣʿڴ˻ȳ˸, ԽԽˡ
ֻ̣ϵ˿ȴҪѹЩᱡˮʪ壬ͷĺ鲻Ϲ䡣
ȥŲĺˮ, ۵һš
ѩͽ, ҲԼʱ
˵ճɾһ·, Ужߵһ
ûС
̾һ, ΢ת򴲱߳
΢׵Ĺ⣬Ǹһ˪ѩϵһؽ롣
ʹ𳤽, ĦŽϵĻ, 뽣ʿ졣
黹̸ȹġ
ԭ
ֻǽ并֪ԼӺζΪʲôڡ
˵ʧԭȵļ, ֻҪҵĽܼ
Ľ
Ľͬʱ齣һģһ
, һֻȡ顣
ȡµ˲, һһߵȥ, ڷӦʱ̻Ҫˤϵĳ, ֻԼȴƫеʱϣʹƺһ
ˡ
ûԴһ̧ͷӴʹ
ˡ
꽣ްȻһǧ
׺磬ӣֽ裬֮ۡ
һһݡ
۽޲ĵһƬ
ѹʱ̲סѹʶпʱӰѹѩ괺Ϥ
һеһƺмѭ̫û뵽
ǽ顣
ʱнĽ顣
ٻ׺һʱķʱ֪
ԲŻʳǾ䡸ϲ𣿡
Ѫػţܹ硣
ڱУʱ΢ʱ
Ц۽ǻᡣ
ϲϲˡ
ЦЦţ̲ס͵ͳҭš
Ϊʲôٴ㣬Ϊʲôһ
ΪΪϲֵؽİȥϰ徻ǲǺܼį
ץűµ֣ȴֲҹŪ˳˯Ůˡ
ʲô
һƵͷͬʱоһֻ۶ߵͷ
ס̧ͷһ˫Ц۾
ġΪ
סؿ޳ǰһ½˱ס
㣬ĴǲĴ
ʱ̧϶ſǻĻڰգ󻺻ϣһһš
֪
̫˽Ϊ֪һѵص¹ᵽԼϣʹʼٸţΪҲΪΪԼʶ˲壬һС
ȥǵ
ʱĬˡ
йķӿֹϲཻٵغţԴЩ¡
Ц
ǽʱ¡
һֱûͣĵصƽ
Լһ侲űϱԼ޳һƬɫۼ
ʱ̧ͷԼЦ˲۽ǹŵ顣
Ҫѹˡ
뵽Լȷʵѹãǰһ£æŵؿʵﲻ
ʱҪóıӵܹһ㡣
һк潻̸Ļᡣ
ʱۿҲ̲סЩǼⷢᣬָ۽ǡ
ôôޡ
̰ĵ¶ȣͷȥ
ʱԼƣԼܣһİķ䡣
Ķˣ
ǴӲ׺س֮һ޾ϸؽ
Ƿ𡣡ʱĴЦһ¡
Цʲô
ʱЦܲΪԼ˸ˡ
֮ʿżеķҲûʮʮİա
ʶԼܱɳɷʱҲû̫ȡ
Ϊأ֮ǰֻһҲΪԼƫƫˣˣֻû

ֻǣôӻĵؽ硣
ʲôϵ
ɾӡ
ͷ´Ѿ֪ɾ棬̫ܲá
֪
Ⱥǧϣ֪˰ȥָı
ȥһʣȥְʲôɫȻȥŵݣãǧǰǳݺƽٺҲѲ˸ϵ
ʱԺУ½Ǻ״Ҳӭ
СŤûȥӲһ䣺㡭㻹ðɣ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ؿȥ
ʱ˿ɫЩ԰ףɾȴܺãڵ۵ƺеǹ⣬Ц˵ģû¡
½Ǵ̣Цβס
Ҳڷٰһ
ʱԺǵį¼ŵıӰ˸ߵʯͷȵ⡣
ûһҲΪľµ
ʱԺУѩűߵèٴηͺ
κ˿߸¡𣬻ëը
ʱͣڲԶԣҲһضŵϵèͻȻ˵ʱ
ǰʱص̧
ѩûתҲûлش
ʱѯһˡ
ţʶ𣿡
ݲϵıӰ˷ӦѩתɻؿǰŮˣɳƵô֪֣
شʱ֮С
ʣܺ˵˵𣿡
ѩͷ
ѪεƳǽ⡭
ѩȺ£Ƴǽһˡ
һʿΣϼѪ͸֮ѩ
˵ţӾ
ΪԵʣѩԴӾӡܺá
ţѩҪ˽ھݣ£ȥţһʼŲôڣֻһ䣬ϤҲѩ˵һЩݺ¡
˳ѡ
˺δ뿪ͬѩ˵Լ˾ݵӣƳǾͺܺãȥˡ
ֱɶصƳǣżĴҲȫȻûٻؾݵ˼
ڷĴҲʱصƳǿѩһԼȤ¡
ѩһμץؾݵǰһ
úܼǻҹ
ƺʲôѩЩǲˣǧ֮ãܼǵЩǲס
ҵ𣿡
ҵ
ѩ䡣
֪ΪβڣһԺпϵǣΪ̵Сľ
ľ񻹲һ˫۾ѩ
žʱġ
ϴѪţΪʲô
ѩûôʧ̬ţһʱƵ˵ϡ
ŷŽݣﴫҵ
ûһ˳ѩ׺ݵʣأأ
ѩ֪˵ʲôڹơ
žˡ
ڶ죬ɶ˴ߣƺΪʲôҪĶ
ҵ׹ӣѩ
ԣ׹ӣ
׹ӣʱ𵱳ɾĻ
˵ΪɶӡʹɾòԷɹǣʮҲǳо䡣
ӡ
ĶԻҲᵽ˴¡
ɾ߽ӡΪλôҪĶѩϡ
ô֪ģ
šš
ʱĵĬ֣
ǧǰĺƽ٣İǰأ㵽Ҫʲô


81
, ʶ𣿡ʱ鷿ıīŵģѩϡ
ѩֽŮ˵۵ѳЩ
񡭡ȴֲ˵ģһƣü֮ȴƼŵӰӡ
лʱ, ɫ糣
뵽һ㣬ֻȷһ¡
ô˵ѩµźİͬһ, ȴŲͬòǿαװʲôҪαװԼѵǡ
᣿
뵽ܣʱñ, ûʲôġ
һ˲뷨ͱһԣӡеһ, ϣҲܿ΢ھ档
˭ȥôһ, ˵ͨ
ŻһģӽԼΪʲô
ǵҹȰҪ࣬ûô, ʱԺͷǿա
ŵͼ
һŵϸڣЩĻƴȴͣ, ׽ʱ
Ҳ벻, һƬհס
ʱ̾˿ߴһ΢ĽŲ
˲ͷ۾

, ʮȻرסһֻ첲˹ȥ
, ô, ܸʲôá
ʱǴЦ, ؿʣ֮ǰ, ǵ𣿡
ͷšһ
˵˵ص°ɡʱ˵̹ȻȻЩ΢΢Ĳ
֪ԼҪԵʲô
治½ģ࣬ʧ˽齣һжܽܵġ
§Լ첲ֽ˽
ʱһƵĻػҲ֪ǵˡ
ǲǵˣǲ˵֪
ʱЦס°Ͱ˴ȥԴ̧ͷ
ǲˣһʦ𡣡
˵ָ̧֣ͷ
֪һѻ꣬Դ˵֪ѻ֪һС
ʱȵصɴ۾ˣϷʱȻڷѻꡣ
ʱŻ
˿Ȼ̧ؿȥ
һ㣬Ҳ¶顣
㻹ǵöԲԡʱᣬᵽһɢˡ
Ŵҧء
ʱǵҲˣǵһμ䣬ǾԶҪˡ
˵Ҳ˵
˵ʱҲûٱֻ̾һ̧ͷȥǡ
Ұѩǰ鷿пһ飬˵ϵһǣʱʱ̿ںˡ
Ҳͦáʱ΢΢˫ֳƫƫͷһߵأ
ϲǰߣɼȻˣҲؿϵǡ
Ȼһָ
ǿš
ʲôʱ˳ָȥ
㷱֮УһǸһһҪΧǵĹâȫ
һҪ˵Ϊǣһҫ۵һšָڰ㣬ǻЦûӦƺʱĻ
ʱĵ˿˿ů⣬ڹ̨ʱߴߴؽкţΪ˲Ľޡ
˲ģҲҫ۵ġ
ʼնûб䡣
ȥɡ
ʱļ
û˾ݵƣǵֵסģʱǣǰߣĵر۾
ص䣬ʱһԼȥЩˮ
ȣûһ»·Ҳ޷˯
ľͰˮʱͬˮ½ǣ
ô㣿Щȵؿ
С㾹Ȼˮ쾹ȻҲˣϡ档
½ǽװˮľͰߵôˣ֣
벻ҵȻҪչЩ
˵ŴС㽫ľͰڽűߣվһߵˮ
ŵ˭½ǰúͿҲԼµЩʲôǵһµף
·ԵͷЩֵ̧ͷ
½ǣ
ֵ㾹Ȼʵš
Ϊ½
ȻأʱһֱţҲаţһ򵥡½ģ̧́°͡
˻½ٴοڣһ½£
ľͰֳ
ҲӦϾ֮ǰΪֳԹΪ硣
ľͰߡ
½ǣǸҲ½𣬾½Ҳ޲һ
һ飬С㻹ֱԲ䰡ǿֳ
ǼٵģɱӦãģȻûİ겻棬Ҳ̽󣬺ðҹ˼ļʮɱҲӦá½ǵĻʮӲࡣ
ˣҵˡСһűԼŵĺЦ
˷䣬ȻҲ첽ˮȥ

½ǽˮ£ߵ룿
еֻƣƵĵƹ´ϵ˱ŷţͷҵɢŮ˵ʵʵ
½Ϊ̫˯ˣ뽫ͷ˳˭֪һ֣ϵвͷøˡ
룿½ЩЩģִڰļʵôˣ
ûû£ƺЩţֳһԵıӸסԼ׼˵ǸסԼ
ǣҡЩˣ˯ˡ
˵ֳǽǱꡣ
½üͷţһϴȥƱӡ
룬֡
űӣ˲ǣˣ𡪡
еıӱǿӲȥ°Ҳһֻš
ʲô˵
½ǵĻȻֹΪҷ˿µ
ô㣿
첻ҿҧ´˵
оϵαװʧɳû޷αװҪ½ǰ¶
֪½жԼٿ۵׵
½ǿԼ
Բ𡣡
ƭôá
롭졭½Լ֣ڴϡ
ôһأôһء
½ǲŵૣҪһѪ졣
Բ𡭡
Բʲôã½ϣһ߬סԼǰҧгݵұƭתǲرģ
ۣ߬ʹȴֲҳ˫۾
˵
ûСҪ۽ޣ°ͱ㱻һֻ̧𣬡ң
½Ǻ޲ҧڡ
ʵҲôˡ
ɴ۾ŷйƵԼ½ǡ
½ǽƵڴϣţݵӶȫĿ
ˮǣŵѪȫ¡
´ҧƵĵط£ϸܵ¡
ʶҪʲôҲֻ۾Ƹ϶ԷŲͷ
ǹһ㣬һʱ½ǺȻͣ´¡
ǡ͵غ
һ˫˹̲סҪ㣬ȴǿ˹ȥ
½ǴӺҧһ羱ӴƤ⣬۾ͨһƬᡣ
㣡죬һֱ㣡磡
šͷɢûнֻ࣬ʶӦĻãҡ
ᣬ㡭
ʵʵܵ½ǳǹָжǹǳܱȵġ
㡭С˵ᣬϸܵȴһ䣬Լһ𣬺޲ùⶼΪһ塣


82
ҹ, ̧ͷͼεӸڴ졣
ɶǣС
Լʦĵ, ̲סĵ׸̣½ô㡭㡭
˵̧ȥ治ɽһ򶨵ʱ
϶ʱʹġ
ԡ
ʲô
һһЩ߰Ķӳȥ, һ̧ͷʱԼһ¾
Ϊض㿪Էߣһ¡
ôˣ
ʱֶ֪ôŵ̲סЦǵüǰЩ˻ŵӶԼֶ, ôԼߵҪ굽طȥ
ҹˣ˯ˡʱлһ, ת֮ˮ
ȥ, ٿ顣
á
æȥ֮˼侲, ΢΢ƫͷ͸翴Ů΢ͷƻƵĹ濴
ƺ, ʱ, Ҳע⵽ŮһҳѾãµƽѱָ÷塣
ڳʿԸȹ, ʼ鳤
ʱʵ, ҳϵÿһƮǰ, ϵ, ȴȥ
ߵĵϷŴ, Ϊĵ
Ӻʱģûа뷨Ƥ֣Ҳ
ȴܿƵȥ룬ƽȡ
̧üģȴֱˮǣ̧ۡ
͸ŮӰ֡
һ˲˻ŵضŶŹʱС졣
ʱЩĵ̽ͷڿһˣ˼ҪȥѰˣַűţҪҵ⡣
̫ˣҳ磬ùҡ
ʱŷŽۣﰵԼ
ô͵
ֱٴδˮŷŵָ֣̫Щᡣ
һƫԺԺһӣ°ڷʯʯΣʯһ̡
ʱؾмɶĵĳӦΪ׼ġ
ʱ߽˲ŷϰŵһо̷֣ܿɱϣ˳ᢡ
֮ϺӲΪӪؼһӼҪһٻһ֣ɲ֪ΪΣһٳδ£ӸӲⱡ
ʱЩ⣬ڰһ£һԵóһöӡ
аżĽ֮
䶨Ȼӹһöӣת˼öӵ·
ΪһʱΪĽ֮˲˶Էõ
Ȼֶ̧ʯ֮϶һֻèǰѩߵֻ
ɫèͫҹ΢΢⣬è͵ͽһƺڴߴŶԷһ
ˡʱһ֣·ߡ
èԾʯصͺš
ƺܲʱԷ̬ȣצӰƵʱǰ
ء
ʱЩ棬ֻèȻԣھǵûʲô⳾֮Ǻ
ת𡭡ʱ¿̡
ԼͶ֮У·ǧǰǳѡ
ǵ֮֡
֪˶ãʱȻèѲ֪٣ԭһһöӵĲоѾָԭ
ϴˡ
ʱعͷɫµɵվ¡
ţá
ʱص䣬֮׼ˮԼ˵˷⡣
򵥲ϴʱ˽˽˼ƽڴϡ
ƺû˶ҹļžӿ
ʱ˯⣬ۣŶߵĺƽȡ
µȥСĵһĨȡ
ʱʱָһ£ȴû뵽յø
΢΢ƫͷŴй¹⿴ǳȡ
ԭû˯

һ磬½ǺķŻţʱпһ
˸һ߳լԺ㱻ⳤȥĿ⡣
аռ붼ڴţһ˳Ŀϵؿǰ
ҵСʵʲô
Сǰλʮֺÿĵһ㱻ŵĹʱɢ
ЦŽͣɾ·μǧƻᰡϲǧƻᣬǵ˶֪ÿʱ򶼻źóԵĺɾ档
ЦСͷŵ˹Ϲ㣬ҲҪɾġ
͵С̰죬̵סЩ͹ȥʮɾġ
һСӶˣ˵Щˡ
Ҳȥݰݰɡʱ
Ȼ֪ɾǧǰ棬񷲳˹ǼȻɾıӻ֮أΪݡ
һҲЩ㣬С
һűǴ죬ǿʱ̫ѽɽ
ɾǰѾ˰˹ƷʻһԻǰΪɾ׼£һߡ
ʱ㣬׼Ķ¡
֮ǰСѾ¿ͷؿڣǧƻᣬɾÿġ
Щȵؿȥɲ۲Ƹǰ̣ΪԼ⺢˰ȴףԸÿġ
ƺӣЩǰݵİմˡ
ʱɽֵǰȥһƬ糤϶Ż䡣
׼յǧƻᣬӭǵ
˭֪ǵǧǰ㲻ˡ
ʱ̾˿ǣߡ
Сѣһ𡣡
һϤ
ϤϤĻ
ʱŲһ٣عͷǰǵӰ
Ǹʦ
ׯҲ񾹸ǡ
ʱƵӣһɺϣɺϣɺ˵˵ȥɡ
ǰھݣǳʦ׼˻һֱ
Ҫʲô
ð
ҪǱһԡ
ʦָУʾߡ
ʱüң̧ϣȴԵס
˲̫Ծؿʦһֻս޹顣
û¡ʱյֻ˻Σء
Щԥǡ
ֲʱ˽ȥ
ʦɾǰŰǰմĹƷǰڷŹ׺ͭǮ
˺ЩֲǸģԺȡü
ʦΪȻЦɣ𹩷Ҳղˣ˷ѣӡ
ⷬ޳ܵĻҭסˡ
ô֪ʱʵ
ʦ˲죬ĸɾϵ׺ͭǮ˵
˵գҡ˹ס
ʱͷһοڴһδ˵Ҫʲô
ʦһ˫ֱֱͫһأ

ֱ췽ҹ̷
ʦһԿ࣬ǣһ˵ôĵıʦô£֮ϻδ˵ĸʦһ¡
ʱǲŵġ
ɽȴòʦĻ
ֻʦ˫ֳֹףͭǮײֹأʦŨĶ
ЩʱϤ
ʦڳ۳
˾˭
ʱϸ룬ʦѵõ
ˮɽԡ
ԡ
ʱ̹ȻǱҸÿǵ¡
ʦɫ֮ǰҪһЩ⻰ȻЦһǱġ
ҲͰˣֻûС
ûҲ˵һʱᡭɢ


83
һֱ, Լһ£ŸβͲػε
ʲôأ½Ǽ߹ȥʡ
ƽʱߣ˵ú, Ƿúܡ
ôôˣʱйأ
һû˵
Ǿˡ½һһִֻļ򣺡˵˵
ͷ, ĹβͲݱһȦһȦָϡ
˵һôûأ
û½ǲ˼Ǿ¡
žડ
βͲݾϣ½Ƿɫ֮ǰѿˡ
һʦΪʱһ, ԡ
ʲô

һأԱߴЦ
½ɵһ, Ϊ⳶ݣ
Ҳ˵ǳھ, ˵ԼʮþȵʦҲû, Ǳƭ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷ࣬Ǹ, ǴҲҪΪʱ, ʱûͬ⣬ǣûôɵ𣿶, ʱ
½Ƕʱסˡ
ܹڳ۳, Ѳʦˣ
Ҳ԰, , Ҳ˵, Ǵ

ѩèҵ½̸ˡ
ʰɫôӲſʵѩǰʲô𣿡
ѩտЩ˷룺ձǵǧƻˣʱʮϲҪҪҲһյƣλСɾѾʼˣ϶׼ˡ
ô˵ˣҲþܾ
½ǰԺʱһСѧôֽơ
СҲϵãǰǸ
ʽĻֽƬѷһԱм̫ơ
ʱѧòôСﻹĵؽǸôƬ
ߵʱߣƬͻֽ
ǡ쿴½ǹЦԱŲŲóһλá
½һȥ£콫ոõһƵݹȥ㡣
СƳһۣѿˡ
ֻ֪įؽջȥ
Ҫջ֣һֱֻ콫˹ȥ
һֽôѿ½ǿеһ˵ЩƺƬһÿٱ
һ£һĨЦ
һʱСĲͬһյơ
ǵؾǧƻ𣿡ʱƬ䣬һʵ
ǵáţһ˵ơ
ǻؾûɡʱβƵݸüЦٷһΡ
ã
Լһʱֽƣ½һ컳˵ţ㿴ÿʲôġ
úĺõƻֻģٵƣСؾܾˡ
ͳȥĻҪȥ
ʱҲֻһֻƣ˾ǧƻͬһֻ

ǧʢᡣ
дŵƽʣҼһѼйɾ˳ΪӲʡ
ѩżŵƵĺӱߣбơ
Ѿ˷Ƶʱ򣬺ӱûʲôˡ
дʲôԸʱëʵݸ
ӹëһüԣԸ˵ɾͲˡ
ʱЦãҲˡ
ؿдãԼдڶԷʼĶ棬Ըԡ
Ʊա
˼֮Զȥ
ʱȻὫ뻳УЩЩ²ɾ档
šһȻߡ
ӱ죬ɢ˰յȡ
ձȥѰͨŰɣڻϣʮһȥ硣
Ǻܺãվʺǡ
á
ܾʱ
һ˲һӰˮһƴ
ͷѵشʱߣֻץסһƬ½ǡ

ôһŮĶߵǲ˵괩Ķʲôоˣ
֮߱Ͳôڡ
ʱѾ˽ɻûжԷٶȿ졣
齣˶ӵߵһߣʱһס˫֣Ů˷ֿסĺ
Զ½ǺҲߵ״ȴһ͸Ľǽá
ڳ֮óʱ뵽һˡ
ʦ
Ϊʦڴó
ʦŮһָսʱͷϢš
㲻ǶΪʲôǵ÷󣬺ʦ޸ϵ
ʱ֪֮̾˵ݣҧӴмһ֣ᣡţ
ҡŷһЦ
ˡ
ϵɿʱ͵ѿֱԶϼ

ɫҰף߹Ѫ
һƴǳġ
ƺҲЩȣƵ߹ȥȻûǳԳֵ֮ĿӣҶЩĶˡ
ϧɹ̫֮ʢ޷Ϊá
ǣǸҽɡ
һƴüҪ壬µһ
ߣߡʱ֣۾š
ؿ˽յ˫֡
ϸһͷ͵
ʱǰѪ죬ӴҲɫҺ͸
ΪʱһָֻʱΪʲôáΪˣ־뵽ȥ뵽𡣡
ʱƫͷ㿪֣׺ݵضǣҾöģйصһжޱα
ûϵֻҪǵң֡
ЦţĿӹڳļˣѩϡ
ЩѩδţԶдﻰ
ƵȼΡΡա
ѩ˱һɾ޴ק˹ȥƱڵأƻǹֽƬ˲
Ҫʲô
ʱԥضѩ֣ҪסûѲš
ѩڵأǵ˫ۿš
ˡ
Щؿ㾹ϵóң
ڸǵģѩһ֮ϳ
ѩδشĻϸһ˿Ц⡣
ֺαǧꡣ
ӡ㳤̾˿ȹңֽΪѣҵ˽ӡȻֻϧӡֳһ룬ֻάĺ̬֮
ѩ۽ʹؿţֻݵԼΪҪ㡣
Ǻ⣬ȴһͷǡ
ţᱻץɶҲͲҲÿǧ꣬ŵֻһЦ
ŶĻް㴥ֻ̧һ¡
ǰ֮˾һǹɢȥ
ԭѩҲֻͽִǰˡ
ɢǹ֮УŴһöССĽӡ
ӡֳɲǣǵҹվһƬƬ
ӿ룬˲⴦֮ء
ٵģⶼǼٵġ
ʱǰɾ֮
һֱݣδ뿪
ǡýӡαװһ֮ء
ǹģһֱڰš
ʱñһ־סŵǰзѪɫ
֪һǵ֪һ֪һǵ󣡡
ǡЦţʮʱӣȥ֪ķ֮˭̵𣿡
ҡ


84
, 塣
ڴϵ͵۾۵һ˲ãȻ쵽Լ׽
ΪһʼʱϢ, ̧ͷȴ뾹˸ա
أ
Ľأ
ԣֲǽ, Ľ
Ϊüģš
۱紺ľɫ׺ڿգչȻ졣
, ֪㵽˹̨иСӸմɨҶ, Ϊ̹񣬡źá
Ϊʶǳءšһ, Сߺȴü
ţ
ʱţŲǡ
˼ضϿ, һİļӿ롪
żλ䣬ŷ䣬Ҳʦ, ӡС
, ƾţʦѷ
š
һϤΪٿ߬, ĵƽһɺ
ɵӦʱЩãȻ, ںЩʲô
ĵʹ١
Ϊת, ҪЦӭ֮, ĵִˡ
˺ð, ǿųһ˿Ц⣬š
ǰһչȥ
ôˣɫôѿ
ΪŬѹĵͻ񣬽ߴº޺ϵƿһֱġ
ҹûϢá
ЦЦһ
Щ㡣
Ϊ˿ӹݹл
ŸоΣͻȻʡ
Ϊһ£Ȼ˵Լ뷨ұΪҶʦʦλãôء
вɻ
Цļ򣬡ʱ֮ϣ֮λ͸ġ
𣿡Ϊ˿Լƣ׾ϸ˿κսĺۼ
ţѧ𣿡
ЦɣϰǷ֮
󡭡Ϊ˶ָָ߶һССķǰֲתš
㿴ʼϰˡŲĪҪˣ½ܾˡ
½ΪԺиһŮӰŮֳǹ΢̧°Ϳ
½
˭
½ôˣƾѶ𣿡Цǰɵˡ
ɵˡΪǺһ䣬ԺŮӰҲɢһģ
̽½

Ϊһ˵½ʶʵû𣿡
£ҪЩʱ򵽡½һ̧񣺡δϲƾ˾ݽɣ֮λ
Ц⣬ЦȴǶΪš
ص
ģ˵ϰǷ֮
ݽɣš
ΪЩţֻİƺùڸϡ
ͷͻȻը̲סǰģ壬һִֻһס
Ϊץֻ֣ʶغһ֡

˭֪
ôǵã
ʶ׳ûʱŮ˵ͳŭ
ȥ½Ҳαװ͵Щʲô壬ЩҪֲ˰ˣʼΪĶԼ
졣Ҫʲô޹ء
½ƲƲ죬ȻȻаЦЦڵЩ¶ˣɴЩ˶ɱˣҲԶҲǲˡ
ŽιȥΪĻ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻЦȴ۵ף޳Ǻ뷨ɱҺ͹ں̵𣿡
޳ֱ°ͣͫɫЦô˵㲻ҲҪڵɹǣ֣Ҷǰ֮Ϊ塣
Ļﰵһ̲סڴΣˣɣʵ֮¡
޳ţѪ´ǳһЦҲ֪ɣڲˣմȾħʵ
ҪҲ㣬ѻŷ仰ȥ
޳ͬЩҧҧȴְ֮Լ޷
Ͳź
ɵİ겻˵лһٶǰͰ꽣ħȴҪϷΪ
Ϊʲôãɴɱһ˰ˡ
ôţ޳۵ɱ⽥Ũ
йɱãɱΪܿ԰ɣҲŵӣѡ
˵Ӱɣ󳹵ʧڴС
Ŵ˻ص壬ҽ
ƣεңҲҵôбſ򣬿ŴϵΪסһˣģ
ţǡ
ȻˣҸʲô˵žҪߡ
㲻һֱҪҽȣҸ㡣Ÿ
ЦˣһڴӦã
ʮǰʮͻϮҽȣǵõϢȥʱ޳һ
ֻ֪֮ҽȷȲȴ֪ҽѱʮռˣҽȽʣʮһҲ˶ʮ꣬бгǵʦ㻪
ǵҽȣޣЩҪҽȵƿȨһֱδ˴Ϣŵ֪ҽϡ
ֻû뵽ƾȻô׾ɿڡ
ǴΪһ̽㱻һǿ˳
ǡ
ΪΪιӦò
Ҹļ䣬Ϊʲôźɻ
ʲô˵£ȵؿȥļ䣿
صطҲֻнһһּӡΪļġ
е̫̽Ųδڽ͡
ֻҪΡ
Ҳǻ񾳵ʿЩϵģһЩһЩĳһμʹ궯ʡǡ˻һٸһΣǲ֪ŸΣ᲻ĳɵӡ
˵һ̧ͷ
һЦЦЦ
֣
ǲ⣺ʲô
ֻͲװͿ˰ɡԳЦ⣬ΪʲôҽȣôȥˣƵǶ˰ɡ
ɫһ۾΢΢𣬲Ƶô֪ģ
³˵ʱҽȵĳϺʦ㣬Ӧû֪Ŷԡ
ֻ˵֣ҽȡ
ɫһôˣҽȵƿȨơ
Ҫϣǽݹȥʱһ䡣
ҿ㣬ûнҩһԺɵˣҲûá
֪ˡ
ŽƿУͬʱӸԷһ塣
ǽӹ壬ü֮һ˷֮ɫת뿪˷䡣
ôΣҲֻΪ˽ҽȵѣ˵θɰ
ֻΪʵڿ޹˾ϣŻ
ʮֿŵоʲô֮˻ȥΪһѣֻһԹߡ
ߺߡ
ΪʲôҪأ˰ɡ
ŵƿеҺ御ι˴ϵŮˣĵȥǵĲա
Ůɫʼʹѿ۵ȴûκϧ֮⡣
ţΪ

ãã֮УһŰ۵ŮĿĵš
ҵĽأҲǽޣϰķ֮ԡǽޣǽޡʱţ·ҪЩ϶ļѳˡ
ʱžݽɣʱֳ˾ˣǧʿ
ΪΪ㣡Ϊᣡ
Ϊʲô㻹ţΪʲôֻţ
㣡ΪһжΪ㣡

֮ͻȻӰʱΧм䣬ŶߵĳáЩǼٵĵ뷨
Ϊһߣ˾һһ
ԣǲߵ·
ŵػӿǰڵȺײײһߵĹȥ
ĺڰԽ׷ԽҪɡ
ңҡʱؿ޺š
ʱ
һд̶Ļѹ¡
ʱͣѰȥһµŮЦ֡
ʱǲĴ
Ĵ
ˮӿʱԼԨʱŮģȴޱİ
㡭˭


85
һº
ʱڸ̨¿űԳϵĵ, ϲ͵ɫЩӻӳԽԽء
ͣ
̨µսϷŮ˹񣺡š
Ķʲôʱָͻͻ̫ѨǰĴʹӷꡣ

ָӵˡ

˼췣, Ϊһ¡
˼Ϊ֮أµ׹Ѻŷ´ĵӣ֪µĺڰʽѽЩĥò˲, ħ
Ѿеӿʼ˽Ϊ򱧲ƽ
粻㴦ӣһƬССҶǵ
һ˲, ϵ޲ϥ, ǧѩɽۣ֮ڹѪҺҲһ˲䱻ᡣ
һ, ⼸Ϣ֮䣬֮, ֻʣ˪ѩ
ɢȥ̨µСӶսսͷٲҶһ䡣
롣ʱһ, ͷ۵
𣿡
һֻȵָ, ߡ
ʱᡰšһǷˣŮ˵, վ
㿴Ű, Ȼȥˡ
̧ŵֻδ, ̧̧ۿŮ˵ıӰ, ۵Ī
㡣
ʱûоܾ, ˲¸̨
;䳡ʱʱͻȻͣ߿ɽŵķ
ôˣĴ۵׵
ƺǡ
ɽڻʲôֻڻ˭ˣ
һ˲ͷϯűˡ
šʱͻȻڣǳЦ㻹ǵɽǼҳС𣿡
ŵͷǵá
ǼҵӸⲻʱ̾һ䣺һγԻģⶼȥˣЩ
ĵ׽һЦſڣԣȥǡ
棿ʱü
ŸҪͷӦת־òԣˣʱˣһʲô
˫Ų𵱳Сһ׽ηӿһ˶ֻһһ˿ɣƷ͡
һ統ꡣ
֮ʣʱѴ䳡ϽһСӡ
ԸСȥСӸ⡣
СӦתҪߡ
վס
ɫһף׾ˣʱһһʵΪʲôʶ
ΪʲôƫƫذôΪʲôƫƫذ
ʱԵؿȻֿ˿ԼгСӣȫȻİһ
ôˣҲǿлӵ߰㣬ҲǰۣȥȡʱɫÿǰǽŵسЩʵȥѰʦ㡣
ãæסǿһ˿΢Цû¡
Щˡ
ȥɡŶذ˵һǳ̹⼫ŮüС
ذͷޱִԼ
ôôʱʮֹģͼתڵΪů֣ȴԷ㿪ˡ
˵ڰնϣŶرܿ
û¡
ʱ̾˿ǰߣ֪˻ǵԹƺ˲١
ŸϵЦǱסĽӲôء
صʱǸö೩ָöɡʱǰ˵ţкϧ
ǰһܿʱ˿Ů絶аɱ⡣
ˡںš
ͬʱ׽
ϲ֣ĵӣֻʣԭӵɢ޺̷
СݻмΧһ˵л
ˣ˾һ¶ӰһƳ
ҲŽӻֲ´ʼ²⣺˵׼Ҫ׺һˣʮ˸ա
Ͼзߣʮĸô
㻹ŷűչƾأİǰһ˵ô֣ˣȻҲͻȻλҶ͡
˵Ļû˵ֻ꣬ڲǰ˱ȡ
˶ʱһɫļٵģ
䣬ݱ󣬻ǳ䣬ؾͻܻ֪
Ϣ˴ɴδЩ˲Ҷ϶
λи׵ϢʮʯͻȻһ˼ǰ˱ϱһխɷǶǲס
˭ᷳͻȻˣϣȥȥȥ
Ҷ˵һ˵˵ãھҪʯ
ҲûȤϾĿҲ⼸ˡ
ŵϵ˶¥ڷſڱ˽ס
Ϣǹ𣿡
˵ȻЩαװóеۡ
ǡ
ʹۣһʯ
㡪
ҪҪ
ҧһݺݵҪ
ɡ
ʹŽݣŵժڵڱǵĲ©ԭ
ô㣡
ڿ˵ʱ½棬ָòˡ
Ӧæ̧˳ǹؿ
ô⣿̵һ۽ߵǹ⣬һ·
½Ƿʣ˵أ
ʼ磬ҲУһЩ¡
½Ǻӣͬʱʣ

ִ̧˸ָڴ£ǡ
ǲ֪˭óһݹȥһöСɵ
½һϳⲻʱĶ𣿡
ʣѵʦ
Ҳ֪˭ġ̳ϣҲʣⶫȥ˼¡
½ǽӹСɻ˼£Ķ
֪Ϊӵˡ
ڵǣν硣
Ѿ׸ģҲһ¼ɽԭǶ档
Ѵߵߣ򿪴һ۱ܿ˷İ׽
Ҫߣ½æ׷ʣʮ򵽵Ҫʲô
˵Щգһʮĵɵ
ΪԷԼʱȴ˿ڣʮҪʲôҪҾݵʼֻһˡ
˲Թۣ޾Ĺֻһ͡
֮ǰ½Ҫһʯ಻á
ҲһʯС㲢ûϡ
ֻǡ
ž
½һ͵طӦϢģʲôϢҲûõ
ʱ磬ʲôҲûУ
ڴʱ⴫Ի
δСɾɻãǳСݵĺ̵
ҪӸ⡣
ͫ΢΢ŴȥţȻȾͷذ
ذ
½Ҳ̽ͷƲƲ˴ĺȻҲǵˣⲻǸСʦ𡣡
˽Сʦá
ǱߵذӲ̧̧ͷظһոյĻҪӸ⡣
ЩԾ½ü
ģµĿˡ
һۣ˻ȥ
ذõӸ߳׺Ҫߡ
ذʦãԲסˡ
仰ذֻúһʹǰһƬʧȥʶ
üۼȴڰձһֻëɫѤ³Ըɾ
ģ½ֽһƷʯԴϸⳤƯļë
ȸԵ㣬Ҳһë

塣
Ů֧ǰʹĵһֱͣš
һšΪһšʱ
ʵڱ÷ˣۣǰûСֽ
Сֽ˳һģһֻеĽв
šʱСֽеĽ޹⣬෴һߣΪĽͬһҫĿ緢
Ǵһܣ˭ӮˣҾ˭Ů˶ȤζؿڣСֽ˷˳أģ
Сֽ˭Ҳ˭޲ðѶԷ
վ˽飬ʱܣΪú޻֮
ӮˣСֽˡΪò˳ҪŮҫȴŮ˵ˡʱ
ҲҪ𣿡
һʱԭأ˼ƮúԶҪʱ̵ֱʹ
üģŰ۵ӿ
Ϊ
ʱ
ͬһ˵ڶ߻죬ʱ̧ͷ͸ɺҰһ涵Ů
ֵʱҲƲס
̧ùգָʪޱʵ
ˡ
ź׵ر˴򿪣ŮӰķ紵ɢ
ġ
ŵںﲻϲ£ɴ۾ǰɱıʱ
ǡҡ
ʱеĹһ𣬵Լڸʲôʱæ֡
żٵغţ̽Կڣոտʲôˣ
ʱ۾˿̲طѪɫܿƵرй
ֲץյĶս
ȥʱǵ
Ż˵ʲôһ㱻һ˳ȥŴǰյʵʵ
֮˵Ӱ֣˳ԼЦûȤ
Ű봹۵һƬ䡣
ڡ
ʱһԶõˣѹϡ
˰üϢ𽥽ڡ
Ϊʲô


86
Ϊʲôҹ, Ҳ˵ˣҪҡʱڷ⼸仰ǴӴмһ, ؿԼ
Ķ̫ǿᣬ׾ٵı塣
µϸʱ̲ס, ǲֻҪһ顣
ô
㲻ҪĽҲҪ𣿡
ʱĶ΢ͣƫƫͷȥ˫ʱ˿ӳԼħģ۾
ûС
ΪʲôҪѽ, ʲôԼźǸٵ½𣿡ĵҲġ
ʱʲô˵, ʱжѹԼϡ
Ҳޣ, ҫ۵ĽޱĬԵӡ
㡣
һŮ˵Ľ, ָ̧ѭѭտڣҳΪн
ˡʱĻͬʱ㿪֡
ϵ, ͳ룺߰ɡ
Ҫ, ȴһ仰ԭأ̶ֱͬ˺
˵֮߱, Ҳá
һȻ䡣
͵, 㡭ˣ
߱
ǰ, Ϊص˲齣
һ, Ķ
Ҳһ, ٻزȥ齣Դ޹⣬ްˡ
ͣڰյ¡
ʱҧҧӲЩ
Ҳٿ㡣
ʱ°ڣϤϢʧһ޵һͬɢ
յָڻɿʱͷֿʼˡ
ҵļ䲻ϵش̼ۡ
֮£ʿ޴ɶ㣬˵ֻһϣŨǿԳܣһЩһЩͼΪãɱķħ֮£֪￪˸ڣӳֻѪħǧħЩʿֱв͡
ǱǳħѪʳЩʿ꣬ûԡ
Ϊһ߳ףһ߿ͬʿԼô֮֡
Ϊò
ֻпףɹɽ٣һ磬أܾ¼ˡ
һ£Ҳһ˲䴩Ŀڡ
Ϊ
֮˳󺰡
Ȼ̧ͷһۣʲôҲû
䣬͸ǵĺ䣬ΪȴϤ
ĽеĽ
ôҲû뵽ɱĻԼĽ
ΪΪǽƺڽС
Щǻں£ΪԲԲҲ뿪Ҳ뿪㡣
źߡ

齣γȻڵϡ
ΪǺ˿Ѫ̧ͷںɫѪпº޺
ҲѪںڰ֮и
û˵ֻؿΪǸ緢꽣ޣɽʧܺǱվ
ţݽɣ
ǣ޴óӡ
Ϊͷؿڵ˲֪ģ齣˿ڴѪѳ˱ꡣ
ͻȻǰһΪҲ͵ش˳ȥڽʣ齣ԣ˽⿰Ųǧһ֮ʣһħƫ˳ȥ
㾹ָ̧ܳʺѪЦ׿ԽЩˡ
ӷħӳħ˿ɱĴʢǰ˺õʿѾҪ̲ס븹
ʱͻȻһסá
ⲻҪ֪Ѿǧħɶϯһͽס
ܶġԴǳЦһָ죬Ѫħ˲䱬һѪӦĻᶼûС
ǵɱǿĽɱ
ȴֲµһ
Ϊδ˸ߵʦ¾ƳʦҲҪʰ·硣
㲻ɱңպһɱ㡣ΪһûܳɹѾ۲ڶˡ
ȴЦˣƶպɱҡ
䣬½磬תһ
ƺѰʲô
ΪһԣһƬһȥܿʿʬ塣
Բ𡭡
Ĵ
ô˽
Ϊ̧֣߹ȫĿڴݺҲ˽ȥ
ĽԼ˽⣬һϢȥҲ֪
أԵ˱˪
ĵطһӰؿ޺ס֣κ˵ʧ
𣿡
ߵǰŮƴصͷԼˣ¶ԷԼ
Ů˵ߣҾ
ûԥΪֻҪΪܻţС
ã
类׾ƿΪ˪ȥĿڵҲϡ
߰ɡŮڴߴ١
һΪ˵˶˶۾
͵ȥ֪ԼˣȴС˫Ů˵ͷȥ޵ҪѰⲻ㣬úûţңһҪңˡ
á
֪ǲǽĴƺ˶Է͵͵ĻӦ
ҡ
ͷССĵΪĴ
ˡ
ϲΪ˶Ҫϲ

޾
ˣ΢΢һüңۿһȦŮ̾۶أӦ𣿡
ȴûȥ㣬Ǵ󵨵ؿϷԵŮˣΪֻ޾Ĺ
һŵĺĻ۾Ҫɳæʹɫٷ
žڵһ̿
ɣϲŭͬ޷ĺ治˿ʵúΪɣΪ
ΪɣΪ˽ǹ𣿡
׷ɣʱ󲻹Ϊ磬ʱʼΪѰֹ֮鵽ʱϡ
ܹ飬ĿҲֻǸˡ
̾һʵУǶ𣿡
һ£֣صǡ
̾ȹʱȹ½Ǻ죬ȹˡ
㲻öˡ
ΪҪʮ򡣡ἰ⼸ֱöġ
üѾ
ͣ˻ú籴ȥ
籵æȥҪߡ
ȴ˫ϥһҪ¡
һɲǣһںӰǰһֽ
Ѽŭ۾ָŮʺҲɱ㣿
ȴһЦηŮ˶ӣƽڣɱңɹǿɾͻˡ
Ӳɲضһ£һԵĺȵصɴ۾
вң۵׾Ǳ顣
ǸˣٻһҲ޲ɡ
ǰһʱ籼Ҫֳ꣬æȰ˵ȴֲٶ˵ʲô
΢΢Ŀ籱ͷٿڡ
ͷڡǡʱˡ
ķѸоΥϮ
ǡ
֣ƵؿڣΪǿ㽣ɹǡǰָ㵤ҩ˺Ҳ御ҳ꣬ؽȥΪǲ̫ˡ
ЦţۿɺѪ̧е޹齣ԼзƤͼѪ
ͷһɫؿڣң
ˣҲֹס
׵ˣû뵽ԼֻɹǣʱһĨѡ
ĪҪ嶯ˡһżȰš
߱޹齣٣ǰɹҲʹɢΨһҲڡ
迴ǰƵˣǹһĨĻȡ
ҵҪûй֡
֪һȥΪĽҲӴ˳ţʹΪϽû˽ʲôǣ


87
׺֮º, ݸĵСؾ֮мľȻɢޣЩŵг֡
ڵ, ڵǼҸ
ƳǵӶΪʦһλں󷽣׺ˣ֮λ, ȴʱҽȶ겻
ݣֻ硢̫һź̽ˡ
̫һнɷطһǰٻڵӣһ, ƶ̫һϿգ̫һвٵƾ
̽Ҳڽڸ߼ҩ, ˲ԪӤɢޣҲڳһٴеļơ
Ψ, ׻ɣԶԶȥһ͵ɼ֮ء
ԽΪ, ĿԽࡣ
֮ڣ׺ɢޣڸԶĵط
˲׺ǰ֮, ҲǰӽЩ
з, »ҶźʮλϣʮٳҲ첻ɡ
˼ǰĲ׺ˣҲǱʮ˿ӡ
׺Ͳ, Ϊ֮λ뻢ıƤ, Թáһ¶, ϲ߲׺ĺ·
Ҳ, Ϊ, 羹ҲִҪ¡

ⶵתתֻصΪϣȺ֮мһҵˡ
ӳСӰٵشֵһͣ
ް˷
Ůһ¼ҪӰΪһ塣
˶ָ֣ɫߣ֯һֻ
չ£ײգʧ
ôΣա
һӰںڰΡ
Ϊʱεʦ
Ǳ߲£衭ô⻰Լ˵öʮԥ
µ̧ͷڵʦϣ͸ֱ䡣
㵽˭ׯǣٵڵİ׺һֱڸҡ
ʦһЦƺĬĻȴ˼ҡҡͷ
һ̧֣Χ˲ͣ۳УֱָǰӰ
ʲô˼
ѰΪϵĶʦڽͣǰı˲촷ۡ
ҲϲĽ̸
۾ǰ˵ľѾᵽߡ
ֳһʶ߿ܣʵҲֻȴܱǰѹš
ʦҲǴʿߡ
֪Ǻ𣿡
ȶ˵ͷʦһ˳þ֮С
þ֮УֻʶҲԳԭģǸÿˣһۿȥʱܻᱻ˫ڳ۾ȥͷżıʹ
ʼɶ
ʱתͷΪʦ˫һȾİͫȴߵľһ塣
ʲôʶֻһ壬ģûС
Ǳ̫ãЩڵһ
ֻһŨ׵˸ΣҲǸΣû١
߰ɡ
ʲôʱͻȻʡ
΢΢תһ£˸ӣ֪ġ
Ȼ˵ʼɶʱʲôҲûǰһ޼ʵȣƺǺӣˮȴֱһĶڵʵ
һֱǰߣһ¡
ͬʱʱֽƺҲЩ仯˿ƺվһƬˮϣˮеӳžݸأȴغˮϵĹصһ
ˮеӳʱء硢׺
ȷʵǾݣȴֲڵľݡ
֮㣬ʱȴһϿС
ڤŮˣҲϵá
衣
Ϊλڴˣ
ʱѯʣ˴𰸡
ľݵһλɡ
һ˲ǰַ֮˱仯
ʱɶγɣһˣĶʮɣ֮á
Щ⣬İ֮䣬ʿв٣Ҳʱ⣬Ϊɶֻжʮɡ
ѵǰû֮ʿ
Уࡣ
ʱǧǰľݣʱľɢ޾Ӷ࣬ǴӷƵд
жƾҪԴ˿ɵãǱ˿ʼ
γɣͲ׺֮
ǰٴתʱֿǿù
ֻعٷï¿Ҷ
п
翣ֽ̧һƬҶظҶϵ·
ʱĶпϧʹȰ
ƺֻһƬҶ
µûҶ¡
ʱЩ֪Լ룬ȴ־Ӧ
ЩӦŵҲǾݵ
Ӧžƺǣ塣
һʦô֪һһöͭǮⲻܣԡ

ʱ壬Ѿ϶ԼĲ롣
á
ͻȻһЦȻûп㡣
ͬԴǰù˶٣ϸ˵Ҳ㡣
ʱס̫Ļ
Ҳʲô
ʱԺУﶼԵһ棬Ʊж񣬵ʿʼΪΪ˽ʱЩͻᷴӳϣжԾͽЩһƬССҶϣʼήûˡ
ѰƬҶȴôҲҲǱĺӣǰ;һ۱ܿͷΪΪ˲ϲڷ֮츳ûҲվһ޳ɡ
㽫ˣֱһ죬ҶԵ޹ʿήԽԽԽԽ࣬һЩʿɲ˲ӣʼͣݵɱ¾ˡ
ǸĺӣţΣЩһеɡ
ʱвްΣͬš
ֻɱ
ڼ˵ǧǰĴս
Ѫħ򱳺֮ţһ־޷Ԥֻɶɡ
ЩѪħʿܾɱֻ֮ѹӡλھУҲǹԴʵĵط
ʱĿ֮
һͬѹӡ˭֪˽ӡֵϡ
ΪʲôʱЩ⡣
иӡͲѹӡˣʲôӡô
ĵ档
ʱ
ܷӡ
Ŷһ٣Ҳ˳š
ֱٶ󣬾ݽҪٳһλɡ
֮ٻỽҲƿħĻᡣ
Ϊ
ȵȣ
ʱƺ뵽ʲô쿪֣һöССĽӡת
ӡ
ǽӡ˵ɶ֮Ż
һ룬һ
ʱΪҪһ룿
ⶫôϵ֪
֪İΪξййȥʡ
ʱԭأ鲼ȫ
ԴʼΪ֮ӡδ
ѹ֡ѹ֡
ѹֻʦҲ֢ڣǶɽʧܣı¡
û뵽ССĽӡתΪá
ţǧ
ӿͷʱʶ͵س
ǿ֮ʧء
ʱЩȥ裿
ȻŴƶǽ취ӦҲϡ
ΪǧǰԷɹǣʮɾ³
ıӦòˡ
ܴҲܴ֮ǰҵҡ


88
ȥӡ, Ҫġ˿עǰڵصŮˡ

̧ͷһĻˮ֮пδ¡
ݴ, ɶʮɾΨ費ڡ
ء
裬Ǳ
ˮ֮, һֳֽǧħ֮ǰ
Ŀʮһη
ˮ֮еӳĻʮֿ죬Ϣ֮һѱѹȥ
žԼɢ衣
Ϊʲô
ףѾƭȥ, ѾһУΪʲô, Ϊʲô
ӡţ衣
а취, һбİ취ǰˮɢҪôʧԼǰ, ʲôˡ
һа취ԲԣؿϷε塣
ɶϯǧ˾ɶ˼Ҳ֮, ȴҪظ, Ϊһһ·
޴ӻ֮ذհκβ, Ϊһ˾ͱ
, ֻһ䣺
Ϊ, Ϊ, , ڡ
͵һһ߬
Ӳ
ЩǷڽѳ֮ǰö࣬ıҲԽࡣ
ˮɢȥʵûп֪֮꣬ԼԷɹǣһ裬һħ󣬶ʮɾ棬ɶڡ

ɶһƽҪ˵кβͬǾϯҪꡣ
ҲֻܽùֽĴЩ
ʮɸйǴǼλɡ
ӷºصɶܻȥ硣
ȥһλŰϯ
һأ磬ȴǺͷ㣬ϸ䣬˿˿⡣
Ҳ죬˵ʶ仯Ҳת
ʱ죬Ǹƣ಻ͣ굹ͷһؼ
Ժлˮˡ
ҵͯһʲ֪꾹˰ˡ
ʱ䣬ƺߵտʼġ
ɲΪߣýѹˡ
ûޡ
ʱĥúˣҲֻʪۿӲǲᡣ
ᳵ·Ѱ鷿ȻһֵͷƺС
ʲô¾˯Ų£Ҫؽü
߹ȥָüģһ㽫Ǵƽ
ˡ
δۣ׼ȷ׽Լǰ
ͣˣ绹ǻ谵ţƲѻһ˿
Ǿ𣿡ʵ
֮ء
ҡҡͷصغһԼ
һʱ죬ĵص
һ̣°ͱ̧˫ͬѹš
죬ɶ
˿Ҳ׹ǺԼйء
۾һֻţ飬ֻܴиܵĲ͡ŭ
ַŭǶģȴƺ޴й
ĥ˼
ӭţŮ˵ָһ࿪
ɿһĴǡ
Һ㡣
̣ҲԳ˿˵ɫ⻹ǵһֱ׵˵
仰˲ûϲǰ֣ȴ̧֮סˡ
۽ǹᡣ
ôˣ迪ʼˡ
̧ȥ۽ǵᣬȴôҲɾ
ʪ˰أỹǲϡ
Ҳ˵ôۺؿԼƺ«һ
޺޵ҧɿ޳˵ֲ˵ʲôֻǰ˻뻳һıš
һƺãͷˣ׽£ϲӵ
ĿϢҲһڡ
磬˯ú֪ܳһҹˣڡ
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֪ǸˣҲ֪һֱѰ֮
˾ԺУϺڰӽ
֡
˱ܳءаһ
棡ؿ
Ϊɶϯ֪࣬Ļǿŵġ
ˣûٶ˵
һصɶȥ˺̺Ĺżбһɱ
ȻŹȥģҲдġ
ۿ˽ӡ
֮󣬾ݴٵħֳۣʡǰͰ꽣
Լȫȱڣʱ̣Ż˽ħݡ
ɢݡ
ǰһʮתٴλصǰϦ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǰѾ˼¡
Ѿ߹ʮһΣֶˣ㻹𣿡̾οˡ
ͬԴͬȴƶ岻֡
ͬԴͬ仰Ȼһ
ɶʱΪϴӷΪ̥ǡ
ֻʮΣҵһ취
֪ʲôȴδֹֻƮƮ˵һ䣺֪ɹһûлˡ
Ǳ㲻ɡ벻۵˷ܡ
˵仰ʮһһԼء
ǾߴҲʶĵط
仰˵ѹħʱ費ᱻѡ
Ϊ޷졣
ǵ͹
ǰʮһССģԼ˲迴Щʲô˼˴ڱ𴦣δǰ۵׵˼
һжһ㣬ֻһ
ɹǼѹħ
Ϊʲôۻλã
ŷħתʼƶ
ĿҲ֮ȥ
農۵зŭԹɸĻۺͲᡣ
ԣ
ô󺰣ۻͣ
ħɡ
һλɢʱٴδ߶ǰ
һΡ
ֻһλˡ
ǰתĵ꣬תʮתתĵʮΡ
һʱҪһθۣ۵׵Ѫ컹δɢȥ
ǧħֻ̧ȥ˽Ҫɵķħ
ɶʮɾⷴɣԼҲ˵òᡣ
һ˲ɶϯɢȫΪȳ֮ٵĽ罫ٴ궯ħС

ɣ
Ϊٴνµķħ
кܶں̧ͷԶ۵׵Ĵ㵡
˿̿ҲףΪʲôǰ֪
վǧ֮ãϢĹ뵽һС
ɫ৵һףߣʣٴΡת˶ٴΣ
˵˻ѣʮһΡ
̧ظ
ֻһ䣺ɵ
ɵЦɶϯͷһüë۾ǣ׽ԼĻϲ¶
ƭת˵ɵ赲ǰɶʮɵӰϵ黯ħ
ɲʲôö
ħɣ顣
ÿһζ˾ϸΪ軹ǻؾѸ
ʼնǷħһֻ飬Ҫþݵɺħʹʧ
ħҲ
Ҳһ֮¡
֪
֮ʣͻȻڣƳɹĵ⡣
ɹɣ£ܻȥĴڣԷɹǣȵʹӲԼ˺ѿ
ܵ飬֮ʱһɹǴڡ
£㲻ֻ־ˣѪɹǣ㲻Ĩɱ
һɹǣħΪ־滻ۡ
һз̫죬˵һ仰Էһۡ
һ˲ѷ·δй
ֱһ˵ĳ֮
衣
ĵһ±ǰͷβһ飬ǿŵġ
Լİɹȡ˳һ
˵תǰʮһΣǱ㲻ڷĳطԼ
ɹãҵתٰɹǻȥ
ڷãûУһϢûС
ʧˡ
ֻðϣڷħϣ᲻Ҳһͬӡ档
֪δ뷽跨ؿħʱδֹ
ìܵģħɶʮɸ£ؿһأһҲС
ûֹţȴȥЩС
Լ֪ҪЩʲô

ʮ⡣
Ƴǵӿء
۾ԶԶһ⻮
Ȼɣ֮
ΪǷطɵƱƽҲн⡣
ηȴ˲ò̾Ϊֹ
ΪĽ
ǰ޽һǰ
ôһ˶ʮ򣿡дż
ʱֱߡ
Ŀ˵̬ȴ̼ŭΪ
ܱƳǵӼԣæ˹ֱӽΧ
ʱ̾˿ڴ˹ֻ˱ð֮٣ǱǷӷҪƾӵļ䣬ûɱǰɳմˡ
Σ
ЩҪ⻰ЦˣĹڷԼ
ԲѣİһΪѣֻһ仰𣡣
ۣȥһںδʱĿһοΪԼ⣺֮£ҡ
ŵĹƾʲôҪ
⻰ʲô˼ץסһ㣬꣡ǲ֪ʲô
ʱ̫࣬еһУ糹塣
˵գһΧƳǵӶʱأҲ˼
׾ٴµķֱ̧ҵڣֻһ۱

ݵһʦо衣
ü˵ıӰ૵Ϊǽ𣿡
Ѳɻǽ˫ޣ
ʱԽ˾ݽһˣ֮ͨ츳ڽϵ츳
ЦһõΪߵǽȻҲҪطһһֱѹһͷħ
ϵƳǵʾһΣǼڴ˲󣬻Ҫ˴
䷭ɣͷ󻺻¡
ڣڵӣΧ硣
ǣ
ʱԽʮ壬ʮؽһǡ
Ӧĵ̣ûˣӲٶ۵Ŀܵǲ١
ʮЩ߽ݾ߷´׷ɱ·˵ʿĵطѪԽǸߣ洦ɼѪ֫
ǳʱܻЩʮھݣҳһࡣ
ʱһǣһɱڵسԼ
תָסԷУһ˲һ˪һ룬ճճ
˱ŵסˣӦʱһεĽĲ̲ס¡
Ϊɱң
ǰ˷ֻǸʮ꣬ͷŵʱؿڣɺڰ׷Ǿɱ⡣
ƺû뵽˻ΪΣֵطɱ˱ɱˣʲôΪʲô
ãȻʱָ׷ʡ
תĵطߡ
ȵȣ
׷ȴʱתͷʱæ˱־롣
ʱʲô
ǰΣա֪ʲôֻби⣬ؿʱָһ·ǱߣǱûˣߡ
ҿʱ
ʱüңģ
ʲô
ҡҽаߡָԼԶһص½ǡ
ߣǱû𣿡ʱ
ҧҧͷ
ã㡣
ʱָ·ߣûֽס
𡭡
ͻȻӿˣԣ׼ȷ˵ǿܡ
ٿؿܵһץס˰ߣݺݸһơ
໰ôˣƯƭˣ
Ѫ嶶ͣ
ʦĿʱҲҵЦһ߲ٿſһ˵ʿģ㷽Ž⣬ӦòͶ·ʮ²£㲻ħİɣ
дỵ̲̂סЦ
ãڣץ׸֮λҵˣ
ܣͻȻһ
ʦɫһߣƵļָҪࡣ
ָ⿰ʦŵصͷԼؿڣһ
ٿصĿ֪ܲʲôʱɢ
㡭㡭
û뵽쾹Ȼ˸鷳
ʦĿڵϴڴڴһ㺹
̧ͷʱĿǹ
Ҳһ
ûزͷʦǰĻʲôˣֻʣһ˺Ϳʦʬ塣
޾ʮʱԽԽѹֲʡ
ЩħʵڿƮŵ˶ģǴѪȵζ
ʱ˷˳
ħһ㣬ʱȻչۡ
޾ӣҪȾݸŨ񣬾񡭡ɶ
ʱӦǰ޾ǧǰɶһ޶
Զλö˿
һЩ㱣˿̵֮ػǹ֮
ִˡҲЩȡ
ɶѻ٣һ
ߴ·ˡͻȻ
ʱšһ
ȥķ򲢲ڡ
Ҫȥ˭Զ׼
ʱһǰƺʲô˽ƣ㸡Ĳ
ǿд룬Ҫ鷳
ҿһ۾ߡʱ֤
һ
ûΪֵزʱֻ̫š
һ
Ǹʱ˺š
ƺûʲôˣĵģʱСĵȥ
һСԺ￴ˣһڰ̨ϵͷһ̨˵Ż
˵;ʲôȥҲûãűˣ
ͷ˵ȥʮį
̾˿ʵǱһῴţʲôҸ㡣
һ̧ͷģ
ģҧˡ
æͷǹˡ
ʱˣҪǰոյĻ˳һ۾ߡ
ʱûֻͣû

ôһ
ʱȻߵĿƣʱһ͡
ֻľ໮ųһѪۣλ򣬲˵ġ
ǱԼ֡
ء
ʱĵһʹСĵظܱߣ̫
о⣬ΪǺȥҪ߶
ѽ籽֪ˣ֡
ȻֹһĿԡ
𣿡ۿ
͵ػͷ෢۾ȴֲٻͷ
¸ոֻһӰ
ϢڣһЦ
ˣ
ҧҧۣתſ͵رס
ʵʵסˣתԼ档
ֻ۾ţ̫Լʱģʱôܳ
˭
ʱһֳ̨ףһ°ͻ˻Σۿ֪ˡ
̫ˡ

죬Ŀʱ͵ȫˣ۵𾪡
𾪹ƫͷ㡣
֮ǰ˻ǲɢ
֮߱
ʱֻһ۱㿴ʲôǿӲذԴͷҧһڡ
ǰҲԣҵǸ


89
û˵Ļ, ȫĶһĴϡ
ʱˡ
´΢ִۣЩ
ʵĴлоԼҪƮ
ģʱ
գգۻ, ۵𾪡
ǰŮ˳ܵ۽Գ˿ͬĲƽͽš
һ룬ǰһڣһֻסۡ
Ǳ˳ͷԵҧһ¡

ʱҧ֮, Ǵף϶ʣѵҲҪҽ𡣡
ǰ֪ʱǴ󵨵úܣڽӲľͷһ
ס, ɫ
˱Ͱü, ΢΢̧ͷŮ˴ߡ
Ϣ̡
˵ʦ, ȻҪ̡
ʱ˴Ц⣬۵൴ɫ, £סĺ󾱣΢һ̧
ʪȵ°ϣһ·, ׼ѹȥ
󾱵ḧ, ȴĳһ̺Ȼһ¡
ʹأ紺һ˲
˽ӵţǱİ, ǰȴȡ
ʱҩζ˺ܶ, ϢҲҪ֮ǰ, Ҳˡ
, Щ, и뷨֯һֲͷβһһش̻ը
ҽˣѧˣʱָ΢˿ѹŮ̱´
ϸƤ⣬ôһоˡ
ʱ̾һҪȻһֻѹ¡
ʦ𿴿ѧΡ
һȣ
ʱʮְݵؽܣԼֱ˽̻ᣬѧ߳ͷ㲻֪Ϊ
ʶ֮䣬ƺƺ˲
һϢ֮䣬ŭ𣬰ո޾ƶѻ
кУֱǰϾ˶ȥ
ʱвȴҲǱɨ˼
û°ɣվæȥʱǴ˿ȻˣȴδѪ
ʱԼ󣬡֮û¡
Ƿ֮Ȼ˷棬ҳ죬߳һ
˵Ļ㶼𡣡Ů䣬ŭ⡣
ɫһףղżʱϲͷ޾̵ĵطǡ
ʱߣо⡣
ոһɱģ̶ɱġ
ߣ
һߣ˲ϢǰеĽѾʱϡ
޹齣зѾݽƤ
ʱ㲻ɫģֻҪʶоʹ
ɱ㣿˼֡
̣̣ҵĴˣԺ󲻻ˣʱҪޣ޲ǽǼԼԴϡ
ûϢݺüķ̧½硣
ɴ۾Ľ磬һҲû
㲻ᡣʱشĻ
ޱؿǰ󵨵ŮˣȻЦˣת佣дЩ
ħ
˽ôƶҲɱ㣬Կ֮ǰҽʶĨɱ֪
֪ʱ㲻ᡣ
֮Ϊ˽ɱˡ
͵̧ۿȥƽ˵ʲô
еĻֿ̌סŮ˵Ĳӣ͸ܿӿסʶ
ʶܵϢͬͬһָĥʹС
ʱһüŴû
̡ƳһԱ߼ײǽɿ֡
ӡϰһΪء
ʱͷ񰲸
ֱ˰ڡ
ýֻҪһֱܹʱ
֣Ҫסʱ֣ɸմǲ磬ָһʹһ㡣
̧֣ͷۡ
Ȼظһ񣬶ֿʱ֮µʶйȻѰһ˿ͬԴϢ

ҡԽԽʲôȰͬһҷ𣿡
ʱû˵˼Ҳȷʵڴˡ
֮£δɣǻᡣ
ǡ
һ취ͻȻǲ֪ԸԸ⡣
ߴʱתϣЩײĽƻ
Ҳͬ˵Щ£ɹǣֻҪڳɹǽħĲȱϡ
Ļû˵꣬ʱϣС
ΪʲôϴζЦǽ飬ɹҲģؽ飬ʱе齣Ҳؾݽף𣿡
á
Ϊβã΢⿪Ľ磬һߵʱ˽ģΪ㲻ؽ飬ΪǻһվߣΪϲ
ǰˣһĬһ𾪡
Դ̹Ҳҧ˵һԼ˼ȥ罫˶˵⡣
󲻵Ӧʵʵȥ
˵˰£ÿȥϵ̫ҲûƵϡ
費ЩѹϻһĮȻ
̧ȥԵҧгݡ
ǰ˵²£¿ɺã÷ˡ
˰֣ȥء
һ£СĿʣһˣǡ
Ƴһۡ
æͷǣ
޲ðԼϣʵʲô⡣
϶һ˰
ˣȥ¹
غͺ¹һһ޾ԶĹ
յʱ˼תͷͽӵԶԶġ
Щ⡣
Դʱȥء
һϴأ˼壬ϴ
ԭɶصĶ޾ؽɶʱ˲˼ܱݲҵϴõֲ
ɶеЧӦǲġ
轫˴ϴأһȥ
ʱǺˮٸϳʱûӰ
ֻˮ棬޸֮
ѵþٳһλ𣿡ͻȻɻ
˿ʱѷУ޸Ÿļ˵ꡣ

ͬʱ硣
ſǰµΪĲ
Щǰȷʵͬһ㣬һɶҲԼ֮¡
ֻǡ
Ϊ̧ͷ񣬱ʵôˣ
ҡͷЦЦ̽ؿȥʣʱεʲô𣿡
ʱΪɻ󣬡Ϊλʱ
æĿڣΪὫ㻽ˡ
ΪҲû׷ش⣺ʣεûҪħˡ
㿴Ҫħ𣿡ΪЦһ統꽣ޡ
ʱ
˿ý˯ʱӲΪ뿪֮⡣
Ӧֲ
ɾţ޳
޳ĽΪ̫Сģһֱ޴֡
ķһԼǱɱˡ
ʮΪʲô
ǰöӡһֱûܴʱûһˡ
޳˼
񷢺ݣ
޳ɫ΢䣬ָ棬Ҫѹˡ
á


90
ͱ, ʹ˻кµ׵ķдʱֻϸ΢
˼£½Դµ׿һ۲ףХϵķ罫ͷҺϡ
СĽ˹, ͷһߵķ󣬳ų, Ӳ롣
½ǵ͵ŶһҲûٶʣϾ˭û˵ĵط̽Ĺ֮з
ʱʲô½ҡҡ, еǿֱµס
˻Ȼֹ, ±ʮˣһȫ̧ͷ, ѰҵϢ
ɰ֮Ųмһŷ, °֮ɫѾԵѪǣ˫Ŀ΢أؿѲ
ֱ, Ž˻ѹ, Ů˸ѵ촽΢ţǸ֡
Ϊ
±ߣ½ͣҡ, , ʵ֪ôȥ𣿡
ͷ֪
½һ, Цü۽, 㻹һŰ
תͷ½չȥ, Ц׸̽ʹΪһңòã
һǹһ§ˣƫͷԡ
ʦ𲻻ͬġ
С㱾Ҳ˵һػԼ˼
졪
ɫһ
һ˵һͬƴ
ôˣ½ǼͻȻɫҲֹЦͷ
ո˽ҡ
±ߣ½ֻХֹķȻô˵ˣǱ㲻д
졪
ˣ˶һ
µף
ǣ½ǣѰҶȥ֮
룬±߶±ᱻһ罣ķнɱ
˸ڲӺȻȥ
졣
һϤ쵱סͫѰȥ
ʦн֮ơ
ⲻʦ
ץ½ǵ֣Ҫǰߡ
죡
βֹһˣ˼µ״ص仰
½Ҷʱ㿴˹ȥǲš
һţΪλ⸱
·߿ݲݶҪڵ״̬
롣½䣬㿴һɡ
Ҷڴˣʱ˵Ŀġ
컺ת۾ɬתڿӰйʱ̲ס
ʦ𡣡
˼ӣҲ׿Խ֮Ա֮޲ȥ𵤣ɢȥȫ
ûʲôҲˣӲ֮ⷽأԻԻ֮ˡ
С㽫ҶĻģֻ˼һΣʱҶͬ˵ĻҲȻǵá
ʦ޹޴˼¡
ǡˡ
Ҷǰ׵ͽлϲοʱɳúܿ졣

΢ء
컺̧ͷƲס
ʦΪΡ
Ҫ͵̫࣬Ҷ˵ô໰ˣ˳ǼѵЦ˳Żһ仰ҵʦ壬塣
ҡͷֽŲùǰУҴߣҴȥ
ɾҪҶʱһɫ⽫˸ƾճֱ֣˶
һգ½󣬽о¡
½ûлͷֻùңȾˣ
ؿΧʦߵĵɫ

ʱ
ôᡭôģʱ
죡ʱҲҪԥôģ壬㲻֪𣡣Ҷǳ⣬һ仰Ҫȫٿڡ
ҡãȻ֪Ǻá
ҶһִҲ֪ҶжҪǱصĴڡ
Ϊӣʦڴˡ
½Ҷؽҧ³һ仰ҡ㣬ߣ
½еǹЩղסźεݣҶˣҲ׵ͷˣھȻ
֪֪ܲ
˵ˣ˵ˡޣǰģѾǰģߣĻ
һߺһ߳ʦķ򿴡
ƽϢ½ز
ˡ
ߣ
µ׽ֻһ½æ
ǸİģϢü̬֮ȴ½ĪϤ
ƺ
ߵҶǰһԼˣôϾʦ㡣
Ҷδۿˣɫ䵽˼㡣
žȤҿ˿һȻˡ
Ƿ½ǲڡ
ҪǱȥŶյͻȻڣ֪ƭΣ֪һУһɱ㡣
֪ˡ̯֣֮оһ񾵡
ǰǸöΪļ䣬ȥ˵£ֻңԶҲ֪ˡ
УǴҶۣ֧Ų
죿Ųмͣǰָ̧ϣе˶ãҾ죡
Ҷֻڳ˵ΣʵԼƿص𣿡
仰ƫдŵ˼ʱŭϾ֮ɫȻԡ
Ҷȴ˵ǿ֮ĩȴҪǰ˵ŭģǱ˵ģù֣ᷢƿأЦ
죡һ̶ɱģɵʱķӿɫ侲
컰ƺضడƽʱӲػ
ǲǣ
ϹЦ۾ȴղҪȥĵط
Ҷҧȴֲʲô
ĺͽ𣿡Ϊ˼µĵӣ
ʼǱߣһ˵ţŶԣӦѾˡ˵öԣΪֻܴƾһ쳣ͲʼԼǰذҲòپЩԡ
ء
˴ΨһεľʯȻըһ˲仯촷ۡ
ûˣ
ššüģɱջء
ͷҶŮѱĿϢƽ졣
ӣˮһϢ㸲˼¡
ȷʵûˡ
˿صҶǰ
Ҷŷģչ󣬳ңﲻˡ
뿪˼ֶһⷨ״֮֮ϣȻ˿ɽ⡣
Ҷ̾˿ĿǴ䡣
ϣҪʲôӡ
һߣȸһצһѵطڰա
˺ѿռ䲻£ż£סмʲô⣬˭ֱ֪ȥ
ѰŰװ׵Ϣɣûҵ巽λȻһŵʱй
һֱӵȥ

ȸצӴ󺰴Уһϣ졣
ȸһ㶣һ۾գһ¾Ҫᡣ
װף


91
װף
ȸĽͬѰ, һɤӽڳ˺ͷѣ½Ǻ챾ռ˺ʶӲúѹ
Ϊüһ, ϣ𳳡
ں֮ޣܵĴ̼ҲЩ, ƫͷ˿Ѫ½Ǽæҩι
롣
ȸס죬˵ҩҲ̧ͷǰһŷεΪ, 뵽˼µ׵ʦۿʵʦ塣
־סΪ°, ʦ壬Ⱦʦ, Ⱦ
ΪϸֳɫʵǺ˵, Ϊλʦ壿
죬Ÿ鿴˭֪һֻԵˡ
һװס, һʦ塱
ʵ֡
㲻ʶˣ½Ƿվ, ɵؿʱ
˲Լͬ˼ŵĻڴǰ˸ǻӦ
ʱôô˰ڲ
½ԭǲŵ, еĪϵ޲֤ʵһ㡪ʱĲǵˡ
أҲ𣡣½Ǵʵ, ﻹȸ, һֲ, ˫۾ǰϤˡ
ʱܱļ, ǻ˭˭סʮסš
Ϊ֣ҡҡͷĮؿڣʶ
ʶ
ǵˡ
½ҧҧ˵İǰص̼֪ʱл֮ȥӰǼ֮ڡ
˰ʵ֮٣½֪ǲĹʲôܴ̼ʱ
죺İǰ
п˰
Ů˵ᣬŴЦ⣬ȴ½Ǻɫɷףͻ
ţ
Ϊ𣿡ŴЦɿ½Ǻ۵ȴǳǵı䡣
˰
ΪЦӭȥǣ֪ðģ˵ЩֵֹĻ
ۿҪȥǱߣסǱ˿סһ㣬ôҲֻ̧һƬ½ǰ
ݶʮңҶʦͻʦ⣬ɲܳʲô⣬ʶ˸ҪŻлһһͷˣȻĿΪ˵أ
Ϊ˼һ£ú˵ʦʦȻ彻Ӧػá
˱㽻ˣһҪȥ崦񡣡ΪԴ۵ΣҲòԶ½Ǻ
áĿΪ뿪ˡ
˵˴á
ñǳʹ֮ȴ˹Ѻ֮ء
һ·ɫԽԽ
ӺͳϾڴ˴
䲻ˣҪίһˡ֣ӷĵǰš
ǣİףӦӡ
Žȥ½編
ԭˣ̧ͷȥ
һ˽һ
¡¹½ǿϲ̬֮Ů˾ȵ
֪ƺ˼㣬վʱվȣԱߵذһѲźһЩ
½Ǻذþ˰취ҲǣֻǵԼҪӸȻ壬û취ֻø壬û뵽
ôҲ֪Ļδɫį̾˿ʵʱˣ
һʱĬ
Χȿ˿ʶذΪλˣ
ôӡ
ذۿǺģȻǿ޹ˣ϶˵ŴŵӰűչƾɲ֪ΪʲôŵڶգͻȻ߻ħλϺȥ˼£žʱģ֪ΪΪϵɽסǧӽá
ʧˣ֮ʮһ˿ƣֱһǰΪϻΪţѷԵĳϵӶ˽ãҺͼʦΪϲ̫Ծһһʾɻûü㶼˽
Щӣ
ЩӽصĿܣذкޣڴ˴ʲôı䣬ЩתκͰûڡ
ʦѣȴֻš
°ûڸȴ죬˿ͻȻ𵱳ڲ׺ʱʦ壬ʱʦǲǾͲ˲ԣԲһ
˵ʲôѻ٣Ҳá
ôãʱǲǾܷΪǲҲܰʦһѣʦ
ͫӿ˲䡣
ľȣһ˿ᡣ
룡
½ǽֹ壬ȥϵ᣺ʲôңң
ʦ㣡

ذ֪Ҳһż
밢룬㿴ңʲôҪˣ½һ߻죬һ߲Թһ䣬˶ľͷŶῪ˵
Զԣȸȸ
½Լȸæץ˳
ʱ˵ȸѹԣʲôȸǰһͺˡ
죬һ
ȸеͷΣһۿŵͷҪС
첻С㱾ͼȸץǰ䣬һȸƺŲ

ȸͰ͵ؿ
½ǹ˲ȸһߣæȥ졣
ȸϣزһ˫۾Լ
ŤͷԱ߻ˣһģһġ
ǸŮͷ
ȸëҪըŷҪȥҴС㡣
ܿ˵Ҫźȥ
½죬ûֽ
룬롭½һš
ڴʱ⣬ˣ½ǵҲ侲
ǡ
ձһֻţʹüë
С˾
ǲ˵ˣʲôº˵һϹ룡½ҧгݵ˵ţʦһƺ«
ɿֻ֣Ĳָӡʮԡ
СֲЩۣչȥ£ֵҲ֪˵
һ֪񣬾˽ͬ½ʱҲҪ㻹ذ֪ǰɬѡ
𡭡
ִ½Ǽϣơ
½ƮƮԱһۣ֪ЦЦƿۣذû̧ͷ

޾
ʱӳгֻ纣֮¶ˡ
ԭŨ׵ĳˮѳһˮ
Σ
ر˲裬ڶһ̯ʾ
ʱ߹ȥֹ
ԵӦл
ɽٹ㲻ǰ벽ˡŵһǳ۵¶һЦ
벽ƺĳ֮ʱΪҪɡ
ǰǺ⣿
ʼ䣬ʱ̾Ϣ֮ɢ
͵£뿴Ϸ


92
Ϸ
ʱ͸ǰλ˼, ȴԼܲЩìܡ
Թ֮֮⣬Ϊ, ȴֶʩԮ֡
йźͷħʱ籵ŮӴ, ΢ͷ޳
ᡰšһӦ
ں̧ۿ˿ʱǡ
ʱϲԻ, ûΪ޳š
޳ռ½Ŀӣ˵˿Ӧ, ͻȻصʮ򣬹ʲôҪ¡
ʱʱ޾, ָҪʲô۶ӣʱ»ӱ
㲻һ㣿ǰλɵĽҲ뵽һ㡣
ʱ²յ, ɫָڿζһ
ϸЦ⣬Ц̫, ˡ
Ů˵Ӱڷеɲ, ޳Ҳɢ󲽶
޳źɱ
ɶѻԭ֮, ҲǾòײž, Ĺɢ
޳ܵ˸, á
£
ѿ, ׺ǱҲ, ŽԳ֮֪ʱ޾̫̽һҲһ¡޳˵Ż۾ȴ汻ùĲյϡ
ɨܣħϢɢ˳ȥ
ʱоʮϷ죬ǽħûжɽһ˵λֻк类ʮ򣬷һҲжɽ֮˭ʵơ
Ѳԣ޾죿
ûϸ̽飬ŵŮͻȻڵҺʱ˵ҪЩţ¾ͲҪһ仰ˡ
УǰħϢջȥŪأʮͲ޳ˡ
޳ɫɻջħϢҵδɣҪɵλ֡
ɰŵĻòһ䣬пˣ
ǲյǸߣֱֻ
ʳ˲䣬һӭЮֱȡš
ôռ½ӵѪħӦҲǼ죬еͬʱǹǹڣħơ
ǹײ̶ļµˮҲըñ
ˮ죬еĺ˲䶳ᡣ
󻺻תѪħһ
ͺѻ˵ط˿Ϸ̨Ӹ¿š
֮Уһһħ޴ڵĽѽѪħħʵķѡ
Ϊ
Ѫħǰ屻˼Ľ޴˿̾úõسֽվԼǰҲˡ
ԭʮϷΪ
ʱһѩоʽ֡
ѪħƵýڽڰˣʹҲκνް֡
Ϊ㿴½㲻ɱңѪħƴһгӲնϣѴ͸˼򣬺ڡ
ʱһ̧ۣ³һ仰㲻
½½׿˵ġ
ѪħռĲǸӣĳΪ½ѧѧѧоֹ鶼ѧȥ˼֣ħվħԶɲˡ
нʱʱһ߶Ž·ͼƳѪħȫ½ʬ
ѪħЦţһץŽУţŴ߶ĳǰһ㣬أΪõĲԼ
ʱȴ΢ɲضһ¡
Ѫħץסһ㣬ĿŤ֪֪Ƿõʦ
죡ʱ˫Ŀ죬˺ѵսֶڷ
Ѫħ齣شѪħͷ­ѪħĻҲ˹㺦ģ
һ˲žѪħɢͼߵҲʱһն顣
δͣϵΧʱԣʦʱܻͷ
ʱֿ̧ĵãȻ֪롣
ʦ
ôˣ籿ԭأɵԵ衣
ԼµļơĿǽ̾˿ϧˡ

ͬʱá
֪͵۾۵׿һ˿ɻ󣬶תΪ
ôˣ½ÿһĻ
֪üٿȥʱƽյºģֲ̧˲ͷȻŵһ㣬˸جΣŵˡ
½ŶŶҲûٶʣ߻ǻʱʱ
Աؽ֪Щ֣˵֣Լ֣ͬǰһû˿вԣܴǲ̬ü֮俴˵Ӱӡ
ԭ½ǻԼˣǴɸո֪һûп
֪⡣
½Ա߿˿죬˵£ͻȻӦ⣬޷
ĴСҧҧֻ컳̧꣬ͷҧһǰ׾°͡
챻ҧĪͷʵôˣ
½û£
죬͸϶۲Ŷ֪顣
ã֪һֱ֧ͷü۴ţ˷ֱ治˿Щʲô
ûãű˴򿪣˽ɫôã̧һָָ֪ߡ
ǣ
Ӧǰ֪׼ȥ
ʲô
½ǻû̽Ҫ˴ߣ
ûᣬ֪ȥ·˷š

飬Ҿ͸ҩ
ܣ
ŮƺʹԶȥ˽Ų
¹ذЩġ
½üѵˣ
Ϊʲôջ֪飬˾ͱˡ
⣬ֻһˣǰ顣
ʾ֮٣λָʮ
˭
飬̧ķ
Ϊ
ħҪõ꽣ˡ
ɫڣйˡ
ʮĳ֮ٱ㲻Ϊˡ
ĵ˿
ҪͷҪ
ͨ½ǺҲȷϹˣΪȷʵǵЩˣĳɹˡ

Ŵ᣿ΪҪٿŴ᣿Ϊؿˡ
ЦŽͣħʿ֮ӦЭٿŴҲΪ˾ۼ֮һٽʮ򡣡
Ϊ룬ͷ˵öԡ
׼ŵɣֻһˣæù˵ʮģȴֻΪֱߵӡ
ã
ΪӦӡȥͷȥˡ
ӡȥһԵİ˴βҪ̫һŵƭڵҪЮĪ꽣
ƳǺ̽дɣ½һġΪ˵ʱϴЦͫڴ
á
һʣ
ȷʵҲֻʲôǵõΪŻڴ
ںˣһ˯һΪԶЩˡ
ͳƳǺ̽ѱŰ·£͵еֻ̫һš
Ŵ᣿
طϵӡ̽飬ȷʵġ
һ²ӣͻȻٿŴ¡ĪһԵøΣ
طһȥ


93
طպ, һϤϢ׺
ҲμŴģطԶԶһӵǰ, ˸к
ôҲǸģӽо˵Ǻƺһ, С٣óġ
طֻ뵽һܡ
ǹǳ˯İ
ʲôİǰǰ
Ŵ᣿ɻ᲻ǼǰſһΡ
ⲻҶŵ˼طó, ݸ
˿ڵӡ, ȴҶע£ǡ
һ, һͬ˵˵֣
Ϊ
Ϊһпνһ䶼Ǹе֮, һͬΪһȣǲһЩ츳һЩ, һЩ
а, ǲԸЩ㲻עȴҲ̲סȥ׷ǵӰ, ö֮, е㲻֪
ǰ, ڰʮ, ˵һл塣Ŵ, ôˣ
˵ţ˺ֻ̧ۣƲ֮ٷʻǰķûۣ޲չʾǼҶǮ
̽ûˡ

ط
Եˡ
ͣ½˵µǰ
طƵĻ½ҲμŴģ
½һһķ򣬡ʲôᣬҪŮġ
Ĺžۼڰ׺⣬˵̫һֻ˷طһˣ̫һҲֻһ˵˴ڡ
ٸطиֳֳǹĺŮ
½һϻ
ǵϢʧЩԽˣ̽ʲôССٸ˵±ˣ
һͼӴף½ƺǸ˿أȻ
Ϊ½벻Ǿ䣬ﻹ
طͻȻڡ
½ֹ˻
ͬΪڵʿطΪħٳٲƾԽƸ
ɫ࣬Ҳûˣɵ׷һ䣬㷽Ǻ⣿
֮١ط
˵գ㻯ֱ񷣬ڿԶѻɽĽƺȻء
֮٣ô󺰡
ʵҪƾˣ
طҡͷδɶƷλǾ֮ʮ
ǲʵ㷽˵Ϊǰȥ˰ʮ壿
š
õ϶ط¶԰Цİ꣬һ׷
һ֮Ϊ

޾
¹
ʱ̾
Ȼ͵ȥ˱ס
һӦֵײɡ
ûûСôʦ˵ġʱĶ䣬׼ȷ˵Ӧࡣ
ߺ߳ʲôˣʦء
ҵľѧɶѧȥˣ𣿡ʱЦộְ𣿡
˵ţ˳Ůϸʵֱһ·£ֱֱָ䡣
΢΢ս֣ûҡ
Ͳˣ˭ҪΪʦģʱ̲ס¡
̧ͷ죺ҡ
ʱҪӲЦˣһѶſϰݡ
һһɵѩ
¹Ҳ޾ΨһһƮѩĵط˵ͬ廹ͦ
ʱǰѩҹʱݣڹ̨꽣㲻ܲ˵ɵѩϿǳʱֱߵǺ
ڡ
΢תʱԼ
ӣͬʱЦ
Цʲôʱʡ
֣ʮָۣЦˡ
㲢磬Ϊһѽ
Цʲô
Цʱ֣ȫ˺Ļˡ
Һܿġ
µü۱ǼⲻɵһᣬЩ
ΪǵĴЦݣȴٿʱ¶Ц
ҹʱ·ֻص˴ǰȤģǱİĹ¼źԷĥ۵޹⡣

ʱͻȻ
ĵһӲƫͷǰǶԷŴƮѩڴݼڻ˿˿ζ
˵´һ׽塣
һǼҲãõûʶԷɹʲô
ֱֻʣһ˵ĴϢʱɿ̧ȥ߹˿ã˱ҡ
źʱһֽˣ齣
߳¹ͺѵˡ
ɫãʱԱǰ׵Ĵˡ
۵׺է֣ȴһ˿Ц㼴ɣɱ㣬Ҳֵ̧¡
ʱδţ񣺡лǰ԰չˡ
ҧӦ֪ɹǣ̸չˣ
ǱģΪͳ˺¡
ɹ棬չҲ棬ǰԽǣ°İǰɢˡʱֿܷħܻɹǣҶΪǰȡ
ü۵ǳһЦ
׽޾Ȳ㲹ӡ
Ϸ׽ٺѾüޡ
ʱʶع飬ԭֻʣֽȼĻҽʱ㱻Ʈѩǡ
ҪҪСĵ̧ۿԼϵı顣
£չ˰ɹǣȥС
ܷħôס
ʶʱۡ
Ϸһ˲ѻƣϺ׵粻֡
뵽ġŮ˵̾Ϣڴ
ʱ̧ۿȥѾˡ
ҶЩͷЦҲûϵҲκβҡ
ŶԣɲɣûϿɣɽٳɹҲ޷
ǧǰ㲻ɵĴڣΪΪǧ֮ã˷Ϊδʿô࣡
ʱûķԷ˫ֿٽӡڴϻγɡ
ô֮ܽٶ磬ʦţļңǻ׽֮£ʦҪýɡ
󣿡вмʱٶоǰŪ
ڷһ츳ܼ
ΪҲУ
Ƿ󼴽ɵ˲䣬ű㶯ֿʼ
ôϲҾͻ
֮ɫֱ񷣬ͨ졣
ѳɡ
ۿĳɵķתͶʱӰҲʧ
ôܣ
ѾˣΪλܳɹ
ʲôܵġʱ֣ѳʣӸµؿǲŵ⻹Ҫл㣬л֮֮
ӰʧڴڣҲ֮ɢǼҪصƷ·ֻһ۴
ɽµͷطЩ㱡
׽١ˣ


94
İǰ, ׽ղͣｹδ
㾹ڴ˶ɽ١źѵѹǧħ, Ϊһ׶˳ǧޣݳܲס, Ϊʱɾɾݵˡ
׽ѾѹҲѽɣ޸Ŀܡ
ӽ, ҵĳ֮ƿħ󣡡ʱŽֱָ΢΢͹, һֱѹĵ׵ķŭҲһ׷й
ǡϴЦ˭ھǰ, ֻܴǳ֮٣ҵȵ̫, ٵˡ
ҲȷʵʶǼλˣƷж, ķ֮·һƬʼ, ¶һϧźıֻϧ㵱û, Ҳɲ, Ȼ׽ٹ, һã֮, ɣ
Խ˵Խ, ۵׷Ѫɫ
ʱüѾ˼Ϊ
Ц⣬ʵΪβȡ֮Ҳһ֣ƾʲôΪɶ֮𹩷ͨʿıȲȱԽһ̱㱻֮ĸ֮ƾʲô
˵𣡡ʱŤϿ಻ʵס
ͫһ£ɻ˷ܡзŭΨûΡ
Ǳǲ֮壬ӣǵ¡
ʱĻķһ˲ն˹ȥ
ǻˣҲóΪ֮
ŶĽУ˲ǧַ˵ƶת
ңͬ츳ܼڶˣΪʲôʦѾУ;˳裬ȴҪ˵并⹫ƽ𣡡ŭΪҲҪһ·кδ
˽Ķ˱˵·ʱһǰɢ
ֱƶԷţһһʽʽ顣
ҧӴܣ̧ۿ¡ͣĽơ
תͷֿԼķסɱڵʱɵذһĵЩ⣬䷨֮
͸źʱһ£ʱзɻ̲ס߳һŽǰ˵塣
ɱҡ
ĳҺŮ˰ºۼ
ŹڵϣϢ͵ЦȻȻܼΣ㻹ǻɱҡ
Ϊݰ
šʱھѿľʹĲ⻰˶ġ
Щɥ£ͷҪֱĺݡ
ͷ­صش£ˡ
ʱȴδ½Сĵؿ˿ܣڽһ
û裬ɱ
õͻȻ
ʱȶӭµڶף˻ɿҧأһɱ
ող˵ˣ٣㶼ɲɣΪλҪһ⡣ûӰʱǰ
Ȼ裬ɶΪҪɳĨɱʱʵ
ɵĴڣ
ʱǳһЦӦýݵʿɱˣ㲻жˣȻᰲȻ
ŭδɣǵɶϯҲǷŵ̬󷨡
ʱʱͣ˺Ҳﲻĳͷ
ٽףͬİǰһ㣬ΧѾʿ
˭ڴ˶ɽ٣Ⱥʵı⡣
˭ط£ΪڴûܶɽٳɹѡҲǴô˵
˵ڣ˷סڡ
˻ͷʱһϡ
ǿⳡ֮ٵ˹ط½Ҳһͬǰ󻹸ƳǺ̽ǧӡ
ȫİǰ
գݴСŶõϢڵǰ
ֻʣ绹δ
ǧʿѾǸտʼ̸׽٣ǽš
ѾԸȥƳǵӲء
ֻ׺˴Ϣѹǧħħп׽Ӱ졣
һա
ա
תֵ˵գݵ֮¡
ӽ⿴ܿ£Ϻֱӻһ˵ļǣѾвʿп֮ѣʮһףղͣǴʿҲԳܡ
ʮһطһһš
ʣʮײײ˵ܳ𣿡
ط봹ۣתƻ㲻Ĺķħ󡣡
ȻϣΪһٳɣɾЦԶѹһͷǽΪ
ǧ궼δ£İǰҲһ׽ٶ
ĻȻֹ
ֻ֮ͻȻŨصĺ֮еľ
ףǡǡ෴а߱ɱϢ˲ʡ
ħˡ
ͷطʱɫ䣬æǰ
֮ԼɼӰܶԽԽԽԽࡣ
أ
һֻѪħײ磬Ŀؿʿ
һֻֻʮֻ١
ſѪħˣͫ죬ӳѪɱ¾
ʿ˾ļҪſʼԹ
⼸Ҳ֪ɽٵΪİǰ£ĻƵһϡ
죡
һŮ˵òᣬھ˵İġ
ɻϵϵеĽ
Ϊϵĵӣ
ؿǼڳԵʿ޲ڵɱǣǾңʱȥ
Ǽ˼˽ڵħԼ޴ʱֹͣ㿴ʲô˵ʲô𣡣һнΪ𣬵꺦ǧʿųħ뺦ˣ
֮˵쾪ֵؿգɰʲôˡ
нвֵѪ
ͷûˡ
Ա˵ļ״Ҳ죬Զķطһ۱ƿߣŽ硣
ոûûȥˡ
һ±㲻ɽܽȥ
ûϿպһԼɼӰ

תͷȥֶԷҲԼһ۵ɻ
ĪǼٵģ
ڡ
ħ޹齣ĴѰš
ʱ
ʱ

ħƿ˸ڣħѾȲҪ
δͣѰµλãҵǵӰ
ʱ
ૣš
֮µˣѾ˵Σڣ¶ֱѪģôصȴһԼϡ
ʱߣȴһ档
ƺǲĶʱۣ޹⣬سǰ¶ǳЦ
ѵ촽ѵض˶
Ҳ̲ס޳ں֡
ʱ򿪣ҽȥҰ㣬ҿ԰ġ
Ͱһףڿ϶Ҳԡ
һ£Ҫȥֻ϶ɽߣзֻǵҪصʱϡ
ʱҲֻüѪֱֹ´ǿ̡
ڿʶǿš
ΪʲôΪʲôͷ졣
Ϊʲôεôأϴβģγ֮ˣȴҪʱ֮¡
ΪϿɡ
Ϥ
סˣתŮ˵ʱ׻һ㡣
¡֪飿
֪ƫƫͷЦ⡣
þò顣


95
㡭֪Ҫ˵Щʲô, 㶵ؿ֪е½Ǻ졣
ǱЮŵġ
Ϊʲô
֪͵Ц˳֪⸱˵ڰʮΪҵʱ򣬾, ⣬š
ʮ塭
һ˲䷴Ӧ޹齣, ۵ǳͺޡ
ᣡţ
֪飬ԣӦ˵, ̧ΪĻشơ
ҡϹЦƽ֪ºЦ⡣
һҪн, ȴԴ׺һ㣬ôŶԷ, Ц
ҧеĽԽԽ
㾹Ȼ, ֪أĶˣ
ϵЦʢΪ仰ҵز
Цˣ΢΢ƫƫͷ, ǰżⶼڻеŮҲҵؿͷ, Ϊʲôʱģո𣿡
һʼദľҰ, ȻΪһļ΢Ůȥؾġ
֪ʱȥ, Բؾ֮·ϵ, Һ뿴Ŷİ, Ǻģ, ĲࡣЦţܣǿЦģȡӡ
ʱڵĺ
һ֪ǹġ
ŭɶ˲Ϣǰնα

׾ٶУڼŭľúÿ˭
ǰâ䣬ܴ߶ֻһ۱ϳʱ
̧ۿȥһöͬʱ̫ӡʮƵĽӡ
ҽӡһΪһңһʱ֪ԴԴӿζ𣿡ЦżҹͣȴȻֹйΪԼȴ֪Щ

Ů˿Ц̺ۣ׽֮µʱӰԶ꣬ڴҲΪһˡ
˺ѵʹ񼤵޹齣䡣
ĸоð
Ļ
̵Ѿˣһֹֻᴩ壬ק˳
Լȴ¶Ц
ɹǣɹҵģ
˸ʺϵ壬ԭǸĿӱ㱻
Ŷ˶ֽţӦ塣
˿ѵˣŭ
޹齣ֻ˻ӣ޹齣Ҳδ
ɹǣ˭ˣѽ
ɶϯ彣ȴֲ˭Ʒ׵һȵ齣顣
֪ǲ仰޹齣ͻȻʼҵزͼŵ֡
ڴ˿̣ǰҪɹǺ塣
Ȼһɻ̸ȥ
˶͹˴˿ŵʵӵʱȫɹǣиǰʣѹ˴ˣ¾ҲδܽƳ
ִѲʤ꣬δʱ޹齣Ѿļ
޴ĳƲסطԾȥϥŵأ费ûĳ۵׵ɫҧ˳ɾѪ

ḧ㡣
޹齣Ѿŭ
ŭ
ٿأ֡
ƺʶ޹齣Ҫʲô˲ý˷׷ȥ
ɣ
һߣ÷꣬Ÿʧ
̫֮ãѾʼ
˵нû˽飬ôɰ
䷴㵱ͬһ𣬻Ҫ˵ţΪûнڽ۷壡
ŵɫѿڿǳĻ̾˿Ц㻹ǻ
ҲϾܿҪʧˡ
ֿ̧ʼ߶ֱȴһʹ
ǶҪֱնϡ
ӣ⽣ƺǳģôƫأ
ƫͷȥƽ޹齣УֻѪģѪ졣
ȻҪԼ޹齣࣬Ǳֹ߱٣ɹǿҲܲ佣һɢ
ΪɹǣΪ
ôһΪ˱ôƴǡǣˣҲܹΪ˶Էȥ
ôôۡ
ĿԹһҪǰǧ
Ϊܻ𣿡
谲޹齣ĶסûδĻɱô㣬ͷɹǡ
ǰʮתתʮΣûܻˣŴЦţͻɢˡ
ܡ˫Ŀ죬ǵõ˵Ļ
˵ֻתʮһΣлᣬܻ
ƭġ
źģת׼ոյʱѾû˽ټ
ʶ̧ͷʱķ򣬹Ȼֱ߿ĨӰ
ǡ
ħħѳֻ糷£̸
أŷֳԾװʮһѹΪν绹ڣϷҲδɢȥ
֪ԼΪͻȻ齣ܸоĻ᳹ɢ
᲻ã᲻ʱ
ֻʣһ״̬ѵظ齣Ͽգ͸˫סʱӣϵȥ
ѵˮǣһ֡
ͬʱ¡
ʱ£ǰ״ʶ
Ҫҽֵʲôʱҳһࡣ
ʱϲɫ֮ȶ
ʮֵ̧ͷĵӳˮмӦصĵطѾŨһƬֻҪһƣױ֣Ҳžݽѡ
ڵʲôʱʣҾһγ֮٣һεƺҪࡣ
ʮһѹڣδɢЩʲô
ڵ㡣
ʱû仰ʲôƽֱؾһߣ˴Ħ͸
һסֽ̧Ƴգһ䣺ҪҾҿˡ
ʱۣͬʱĿͻȻһѳ
ֽߣ
Ҽصҹξʱǲŵòȴп
ؾеĻþԼŴĶ
һ𣬾ǰֺ
Ϥʱ˿Ѫվ
š
ŴΪ仰˲١
㾹Ҳϳ
ӦֻʮϤ˲ɡ
¡
Ʒӿһ
ʮһѹΪλУ𲻺õԤС
ҧҧ뽫еĽûǰ˵塣
ʧܣ
ʱ
ʦ壡
½Ǻ˹˾Ҳֹ
ʱͷ亹䣬Ʒתһε˹ȥ
ͣ䲻ɶϡ
һʱѲãֱ½Ǻѹס߱۰
ֻʱֳ齣ڿգֱӭһס

ˣ˼ˣֻҪһףʱɳɡ
ôԣΪʲôβһ
ͻȻѿҪתǰһ
Σ
޹齣ƿնǰӦѣǧڳ˵ϡ
ŵʿҲ⡣
ǿǧǰݽѣİǰǰΪ
֮µʱȴһϤӰ
ʦ𡣡


96
İǰ,
罣
Ŀ۵ؿǰųĺӣĿڵ˼Ҫǽ˸ű˪, 齣¡
Щ쵽׷ʲôض٣ĵ֪, ΪƽЩɾñ˵֣Ὣɽٵѡǧʿ֮ء
бض졣
һȻתȥ
Ϣ֮, 뿪ȥǰ
Ϊ, ίΪʦΪֻ
仰ʱۿ, ƲסʦԹ, ͷڷϥͷ
һתۣ㿴Լ, Ѫ߰ߡ
ԭʱȻôǱ, ôѿ
ʦҺ㡣ʱҭš
ǰҲֻǰеḶ́һ͡
ʱŷɿ, Ϣ֮, ֪, һ, ֲѹýеĲؽ
š
ɱ, ҪȥҵǸαŮˣɱΪԼСӱ
ɾʱΪͻȻ˹˫Ŀ죬ħֲǰ˵˭
ͬҶսסе类Χˣ̽ƳǴͷҪǽΪ
ȥʱȥӣֻʦıӰ߳
ɢپʱڽ󣬷ˣȴתǰ
һΣİľݣСͽܵĵڶγ֮٣׽֮һ
ʦû£ûµģˡ
ʱڷǰ棬ƺµ˷һĶȥץ˺۵֡
ûá
ԴԴΪڣͬΪļһͬڽ֮ڡ
һУѸٿή龡
ΪΪʦֻܰЩˡЦһ£һ¶ߵķЩԺɲҪٱ۸ˡ
ʦ𣡡
ʦ𣡡
ҶžŸϹڷǰ
ĿȺͣͽܵͷ
ҲˣҪúչԼʦá
ģҶƴҡͷʵʦһɡ
˵󼸺ûôῴĿݽ̬֮ȫޣ̸
ЦЦȡǰһ񽣣һͬҶ
ӽԺš
ҶӣҪƻȥɿʦݵǣֻÿŽ¡
ǰͰ꽣ȥ鷿ܸɿԽԽǿ彻£ҷΪĲּ䣬úô塣
Ҷͷ
̧Ҷ״æǰֻֻڰ꽣ϡ
ΪĽˡ
ǸʦõģҶʵ
ûлӦִȥ壬һͽܣǧɢ
ʦ𣡡
ʱͬλʦһһͬ˵ؿͷ
ʬ˵ΪƺУ۽ǻһѪᡣ
ʱ̧ͷǰٴα仯壬ݻεڡ
εһ˲Ҷ㵽ˣϵʱԹգɻС˱֡
ڷַӡɶҶȡǰٴμӹ̷ӡҲһΣʱýԼ
Ǵβʣͨǰδ¡
ԭˣΪ˻ɣΪαװӽԼ
ǰйʱһеֹǽߡ
ڳԷγһϰ壬ʱۿһȣսֽһ֡
ʦҶʧ
Ӧ׵һ˲ʱܵǰδеʹ࣬ҧĴɿʹź쳹
̫ۡˡ
Ѫ⣬ͷҲҪ顣
˵۵֪޾ʱȴʹڲҪղסеĽ
ʱ
һߣʱ㶵ȥӰǰ׼ȷ˵нϡ
Ϊʲôڣ
ʱʲˣڶѡ
׻ڳսѲƤ⣬ֻʣɭɭ׹ǡ
ꡪ
ʲôѿʱҲ֡
ԼĽ
ôߣˤȥΣ
ҲҪºЩ
ʱôģû潣ȥǰ˹Ҫͬһܡ
ߡ
ʱҪƿȴôҲǰĻôҲסһ
ЦţȴѾ۵Ҫ޳㡣
á
ʮָۣɳ״
ѧһһ彣ʽѩ괺
󶼳ǧεĻӽ򵥲Ļӽ
ʱȫһнһӶ
׷Ӳնϰһ˲ɨأǧħ˲䶳ᣬؼž
˲ͣʱۣ֮ӿ
ˡ̾
ɢȥʧ
ʱۣ֮ͫɫǳɫ
̽°ڽطģѲ˿֮ˡ
ʿħ
Ů䵭Į͸ڳÿʿ𵴡
ԭԥʿһ仰׷װνǰ
ʿĴʱһɨħⳡսѹԡ
ʱ˫ֽӡ·̧ٻԼĽ΢գۼǰ
ձڡ
֪ܣɻǲٿʱĵش߶ѪħΧ
ΣɱңֻҪڣԶɱң
𣿡ʱ͵ݶɣΪԼˣʼգҲֻһλɣʲô
˲żæȴͻȻһ궼ק˳
㲻壬ռɹǣ
Ҫ룬ȴֱһۣ֮ǵ˫ۡ

Ϣ֮䣬ŵѾǽˡ
Ϊŭ֣ͼ󹥻Щδʱ½ǣƮƮɢˡ
˵ˣ֮Ҳ֮ϡʱһ࣬İǰǰ㡣
ܣŭҽ̣ô֮ϣ
ǡʱȡӡǻ磬ס˫ۡ
öӡϢشΪʲôһޣһһͿôҲû뵽ѧôôãһºϢʱ˼ܲһѧöã𣿡
죡Ŀؿ죬Ϊʲôɱ㣡Ӧֱɱ㣡
ɱңʱקһ֮ȼһŵһȼա
ɱңôЦ㲻ϲһ˳ɱô͵͵תҵ
űյô󺰣ԲšΪ֡
ޣͲһ㣬ͲһͿȡˣܳΪΨһĴˡ
סţʱֽϿա
һһֱָ񷣬ֻһб㶳صħ
һ
𣿡طǵֱƲĽ
ҲǴڣֻһ֮ңҲ֪ⲢɾܷӳĽ
񣡡
ͻȻ˺һ䣬ԽԽ˸ź
ԽɵĴڣǲ
ݵ˵һλ
һ죬һٳ


97
ħ, ħûдڵɣ޴ķ󻺻ɢڰиֳʹ
Сƽ¹, Ʋס¡

ƺܵħаɹǵĸӦеͻȻ壬ֱ, ԭʻҲһ˲ģѪʧػľż̬֮
ɹϣʧ, Ƿϵعڵء
ǰɢʱۿתʮת
ʮת, ˣʧˡ
Щʲô
Գس˳, ૵ƭӡ
ɾ
һ£ƺ, ںԼ
ɶʮɣλףϯ, ȴҪɾɾغ, ҲֻẬЦػԼ
ɾ
һ
軺̧ͷǰһӰ
΢, , Ҫ

費ܲ˵ȥ, ĵѾյĴ, ȴס, нǰӰסˡ
㡭ˣͷڿ޳
𻰣һһµı
˲ã̧ȥϵᣬޡ
˫ǰ˵䣬뿪
ϵôҲɾεЦһ£⡣
˼ǧ˾ǰԲɵĻţеؽɶҲǰһ㣬Ҫ𣡣
еϣԷܸȥܺԶؽɶ
齩Ӳһ˲貶׽ˣ˲Ұ
ǰǰʮתĵ꣬ûлˣǰҲֻɹвһʶˡ
˵˵𣿡ҪİǰʧĵǼȵıˣɻҪǿЦԼõһֳ
ԽЦԽǱִ̧һ᲻á
Ҫߣòãš
̧־üë۽ǣÿһÿһŲᡣ
Բ𣬿Ҳڡ
޵ҧ˵ֻһ裬һҲҵˡ
Ұֲ̧ȥҲֻһݷĶȥһ㡣
۽޴ʧ
ҪҪƴҡͷ
ֽ̧˱ڻ˲Ц˵裬еһж㣬ǰûüúÿһ䣬ܴһ𣿡
Ҫǡһ𡭡
û˵Ұ㡣
ͷ贽ϡ
ۣƲסزţ˳°͵ڽ߬ϣָʪĵɹǡ
Ϣʧˡ

Сؿڣʧæ˹ɰһɢѰԼҾӰͿ
ɶʱ裬Ȼ֪ͬ£ʱ˿ֻĹ벻
ӰӦ
ҵʱѾվǰ
űʱסڵϣ̧ͷϻŵЦʧˣ˵ˣʮתþˡ
һ̧֣޹齣Զġ
ɫ΢䣬۵⣬ɺܿתƣһѽɱҵġ
ɱ㣿̫ˣ޹齣Ŀڣ룬ʱ޿ĥŵꡣ
ʱֽޱؿʹź
ԶʤѪ֮
ˣˡ
ʱ͵͡šһһ۱ţһ
ٿڣʱֵ¸һһôʿڴ棬ڴҹȼ꣬Ϊ
Цһ£ʱ֪Ҫųʧ׼ֻⷬ˵ǰˡ
á
ʱȡʣܻ·עһʶ
𣬲ȻҪڴ˵ء
费еĽʵ𣿡
ǾľżûɹѾˣɹҲʧȥ
ʱ˴һ׹£Ҳʧˡ
Ϊ˽ɽ顣
ȥѰɣҪĴ𰸡
˵תȥӰ͸ųŹ¿ࡣ
ʱؼһƣɢ
£Ӱѵˡ
ʱǰһȦĹĵɻ
Ȼܵ
Ҳͬһ
ȻᰡΪһģԲȴЩ
ΪΡʱû˳
̾˵öԣҼɣ˾ݣͲȥȥ˱ӷȴ޷Ӿݣиһʱ̿žݡ
Щ˺㡮񡯣أְžݰ
ʱؿûдӦȴҲûܾ
ڵĻ
ؾݣҪͷ
֪еĿġȡһŻĹӣƺժ
Ҷе죬ʱ̧ۿȥϵҶӡ
ǧһιһö裬ɹǣڡ
ã
ǰ̯һ˲
û˵ꡣ
ҪҴӦҡʱѾЩȲˡ
˼
ʲôҪܴӦ
Ķ
뽣̫ãָһףҪɢұ㽫ˡ̾ǲҪġ
ǰƮţʱȥȻڲԶһӰȶ
̧ȾҪȥȴסҪ
ãáʱ˵źãɻǿƲסԼǱ߿ȥ
ѣֻ˶͸ǽš
ʱ㰤ǽߣĵطš
סĳŵ£죬Ǿݲ񣬼ҲУ
ʱɻüعͷȥʱû
ؿռţֻݵԼµ

硣
ţ½İСӻδݹȥ㱻һһߣһ̧ͷе½Ѿˣǵŵĸ첲ˣƺҪ׹ȥ
ȿȣ֡
½ƲƲ죬һСӣϽߡ
С̧ۿţͷæתߡ
紫ԣҪ޵̽ȥɿ½ӣҲ氡̽ĸҪ硣
ƺûʲôϲ£ŴǶȻǴ档
СӸãܼӽԵÿ¾ʱ
ŴӦ;ġ
㶼ң½½
챻ȵ˵ͷץҵֺôأ⼸񵢸ˡ
˵½ǲɵؿ䳡룬Ϊһն׷̣֮𣬳ɾ֮£Űټ޲񹩷
ֻһҲûǸˣͬһǳʧˡ
˵Ϊ񣬿½ȸѹΪʱĳɾ͸ˣȴҲѹδ
ѣôûˡ

ˣز˼
½ȴǸŤӣӲ˭ˣûУ
Цţ˵ȥһݣʦӦˣͻˡ
Ҳ

½Ʋǣ㣬ֹġ
Σǡ
˶㣬תҪʱһЦ
ˣ
½ǽŲס͵תֱһüŮ

ϣġ
˭أˣҲ˵ʲô
ܲͷ㲱ۣ½ЦźţۿЩᡣ
Ů½ƫͷ·˲ᡣ
ƫƫչȥ
½ҧгݵһѣûĵģ
˳֣˱һ¡
֮½۾ת˿󣬰βʵʱأ
̧̧°ͣء
½תȥֻǰʱϵҶס˶䣬һԵűۿţûȰһȰ
ʦʦ㣬Ҵˡʱġ
Ҷһ֣


ꡣ


98
ʱص忴λʦ֮ȥԭҶƭ˵ʦıչ֮, ŽһССķͷ
ʦ˼ЩҶ̾, üаˡ
߰ɡ
Ҷһ¥
ͬҶһҪϼΣʦλ˵˵, ·Ѳ֪߹ٴˣѾûʱļɬ
ֻһʦòóĳء
ˣʦ˵ġ
ʱۿ˺죬, ˾˿ʱԿƲסļ, ·𽥵ȥ̤, ټЩˣ纣糱ӿĿ, ԡ
ԵǧʿԵУԵԼеĽ, ΨԲʦ
ʦ𼸺ж̸, Ϊ˴֮ǰĵڶγ֮ٺĽΪͽ, ʲô, ʦ̻, , Ըʦȥʵ, һμݶûС
¥дС䡱ֵλʱ˫ϥһֱֱعȥ
ʦ𣬲Тͽˡ
䣬ͷϷͻȻһ档
¹
ʱü΢ѹͷ˫ַصͷ
ʦùߵס
ͷűĵذ壬ȥʱãҲǲļ΢
ֱƽߣ·һҪ
ˡҶһ
ٲ¥Ҫס
ʱ̧Ĩᣬͷ͵ļȻõһߣȵλʦ㣬վλǰ
ʦ㣬Ҷ뿪
ʱһλǰվãҲ˵ãӶʱ٣һ±ԭǵô
ֱɽϼһһƬ죬ʱ¸¥
¥£ڵϣ˸С֦ڻʲô
ʱĵů⣬̧˹ȥ
ȿýˣſԷʲô
һˣ¾ɣԳֽ
ô
عͷ۾ֽһ
ʱһָ°̧ͣͷ˹ȥ
Ϣڡ
ܰ
ʱɿһǣɽߡ
󣬼ֻ׺׻
һҵӸԻط壬Ⱥ˵ŽѧУŵ곯ʢ˴ǰ
·ĵ۾޲ģֹһޡ
ֻĹΪѾˡ
вٵӶһλ˵񣬿ɵײʵκţЩҲֻԶԶţҴ
Ǹո̸ʽƺз磿
⼸Сŵģտʼѧнʽ٣ÿ˼ֲһҲûи𰸡
ûûУһȺ˽ŵĻС鷳
ǿһ˰ݵˣĲ򵥵һһʽֵΪǽɡ
һ۵׾ᣬʱǳЦŵǰոռ˵Ĳ֮ȫ˵˳
˼״æȥɻѾ˵ˡ

ʱϵߺЦˡ
ЩӴ䳡ѰһľδЩлһ飬Ӳɬ԰ѿء
ת¶ЩСȣգҲգֱսδع
ԱȣЩСҲЩ˷ܵʱл
ָ㣬򵽶٣ȫԼ
ôһѾʱصߣطƺЩˡ
ûȿʣԶһ˳ɤӺǡ
ת۵Ĺ½Ǳǰ΢΢
ٲȥҶſҪˡ
ԴҶ˼³󣬽žֱܽӰȥ֣֮λҲ죬տݲݡ
ʱ˸յ֣ƽʱƽȵҧгݵЪЪɣҩﶼһˣвУ
ҿǶˣѰ˼ŽˮҶ͸ż顣
ֲַʲôĮɺ֮أЩֲཽˮ۵ؿԼֲҩϽ״ԶЩ
һ̧ͷǱǹ
Էɡ
⼸˶ѹʳȵľ磬ҶͬܣתַÿͱŸ𣬽ʱ½ҲڣһҲ롣
Χҩ®⣬ʱ۾һֱʦת
ǰôûûʦҶôãʢ
ҲҪʱЦеؿڣ֪ʦһ롣

һԵҪͱʱһֻס
ʦ㣬ҲҪʱһҶֱߵֿţЦ
̾˿Ц֣·һֻ
ͬʱֵֻˡ
Ҷ£̧۵һʱ˵ˣʲôҪʦԼȥʢ
ʱֳ°Ϳζûңʦ㶼ͬˣʦãôֻʢҡ
ҶҧԼΣܸʢʮ롣
ϵ˽ɫһ䣬û뵽˭ҲԸ£ҶȻ˵˳
ʱü΢Ĭȥ
ʦ㣬ʢһôʲôҿ㾭ѻָ룬ȡ
ӦǺ˰ɡ
ԷɡҶƼžвؿʱһۡ
Ҹ߻ˡ
ΪʲôʦôΪˣ㻹ƭ
ʱװգգۣʵ۵׵ЦⶼҪˡ
ɶҶʦǰͷѵѵôᣬܷŹ
Ҷ
ʦ㣬˵ѽܺҴˣҲתó˰ɡ
Ϊôߡ
Ҷ۵ױŻûһԽԽ
е㲻ԣ½Ǻ޲ͷ
һ߸ʱźóԵģһĵؿķӦ
һҶյܸϽܡ
̫֣ʦֶҲġ
ʱѡ
ʲô¡Ҷöֱһע˵
ʱ
תȥʦķӦ
ûʲôӦ΢Цӯӯ
ˡ
æȥߣ
ͷҲص֪ԣĬĬ½Ƕһۡ
ߣ
ֻʣҶˣķ綼ֹˡ
ҡҿԽ͡Ҷʱ֯׼ʼͣȴƮƮһ仰סˡ
֪
֪
֪ʲô֪ߣ֪Ѿܽ𵤣ٴַ塭
һ˲Ҷʣָ֪ôڡ
Ҷվ˫ֳߣŵ˶ӡ
ΪʲôΪ֮ǰӲ
Ҷؿˡ
һضֱʶҪκȥƣҹˣȥ
ʦ㡣ҶͻȻվסһ䣬ҺͶһ𣿡
ֻʦʦõĹչˣֻͬꡣ
̾˿ҴδЩ
죬Ͱȥɡ


99
ص, ʱһע㱻һֻסŷŶá
ǼϤϢ˳ӵر, ҲûеľһǳЦ
ʲô
, ׼ȷ˵ĦزǴļ䳡, Ҫ˵ʲô
ʱлҪ˵ȴ½Ǵϡ
ʱЦ, ̧̧ȹԼְЩ, Ǽഥ
ңΪʲôͻȻˣ
㲦ЩС, һ۱㿴Էü۰봹΢΢´
һ㻹֪Ҳ˰
Ϊָǣ
ǰҧҧ, Ц, ޲ȥҧһڡ
㻹ǲǵĵ˭ʦ𣿡βš
⻰ûʱ֣Ȧ, ˮĴ, ʣû𣿡
߱ƫ, ڴЩ, һƻζ
һ, Īö١
㡭ʲô
˵ڣԶļϮ޾ĺ¹Լǡ
˵䣬ϵƺЩָ̫֣΢ذѹš
ͷһ̧ȥΨһ
ʱЦްôˣ
סҶ֣ȥȵϢһѯʣʦ𣿡
ʱ˳Ķ΢΢ƫͷǵĶ⣬أ
Ҿáδ΢΢һЩ˫ִʱϣע˫ڳӡ
˫۾ӿƵǿ
ǡ
ҵһʰȽʱҪɬֻ࣬ڿͷõȨ㱻ǵýڽڰˣ
ȡȵȣ
ʱЩδһĴһʵôˣ
ģЩ㶼һģΪʲôʱ͡ͻôࡣ
ǲ͵͵ѧˣ
ʱĻˣ󾱵ս󣬡˽İ㲻ڣʱѧ𣿡
һ룬ȷʵ
ɡ
ûüʣʱǵþЩһ
ĽԷ֪󴥼һƬãȻۣſһߵĴ
ڴϣʱ۽޲סزţƺҲܽš
ߺһȻŮεֲۡ
ֻ֣ĵ׵̣뿴㡣
ʱѹϢȸղһЩ
á
Ϊ仰ûϨơ
ʪ£߹üģβգǣһֱ¡
ٽһЩɺá
۾һˮԵĴ̼ŲڣֻҪ˵˻Ҫ˵
̫˼
ƫƫ˶֪Ը⿪ڣĴһҪЩźá
һȥҧָ
ָ΢ȮҧţʱȴһҲۣ˻˼
סβϷһš
Ȼһɿݣһ̴ٵԴתΪƺߡ
֮ʱҵú׼
ʱҧĴЩҺϲ
ҡЩܡˮ۾Щί
ʱȻ֪ΪܣȴҲôżؽȥֻۻ᲻
ĵţպſڣ
֮ĪأʱҲѩɽ

ѩɽ֮ϣɿڣʱϲ֮ǰܻϼš
޵ڴݼ䣬ˣ˳Ρ
ʱԼᶨ֪ԼĿģΪѰһȪٲ£ЩȪˮȴůʡ
һʱϲҪҵĵط
һͷȪ֮УȪˮƽܣ漴ָٲ֮»һһʽ壬ϻմЩȪˮƤճ
ĽȪȴǷһ
ĽƣʱɫմȪˮ
һζҸ
ʶʱҲոһ㡣
糺գȥȥͷĺ
ʧðҲû
һƺʲôҲǲˣҪȥʱ֮ȫûˣҵʧӿͷؼʱʱһֻֻֻ֣ʪŵģ˲ˣˮиľֻ֣߬ǰһ˲հס
ָо񽻣ȴֱ񽻸ΪЩ
عʱԼһһ£
ȴǲüֹסʱ½һ
ƾʲôһɶ˻ùؾء
ʱﲻ˼Լ·
ֻ·žѵʱϣոһ˲ɬֱӷΪqiȥ
ӸµؿʱɢҵЩǳĥĥ
ոˣʱȴһûͣ䱾
νֻأĹ˭
ʱϣĵش˸ᡣ
ȥŮ˹⻬ָƯµǴ˻ζЦţʦ𷽲Ž̵ҶѧˣҲԼѧϰҿҹܳ
ʱɫ΢ͷΣС
һֱǸѧ
˵գʱԴԼһͨͨ˻ȥ
ӹ֡
ĥۺ⣬˶͸ŷɫȴһ䱦㣬᲻ôôظͷ
ʱҧȴһΪ治Ļ
ҡ
⻰ƽʱʱͰνˣϣϲĹԼô˵һľ
ܲκðֻԵ߳ܺһ˿С
ʱŴȴֱһֻסüŴչȥ
˵Ҳá
ô˵Ļ֮qingҲԡ

ѩƽϢһҹһ죬ֱڶ
ʱʱδкβʣЩģɶʮСģ˼
ˡ
ʱ̲סҧҧǰտʼһΣס˫ֺһֱûҲ
ȷʵǸѧ
ǿÿ¡
ʱ̾˿׼ȥλʦ㡣
ûߵ֣·ͱҶסˡ
Ҷģ
ʦǡˣʱЦ
ҶɫãһԹʮøл죬ãģᣡѣ
ʱ
ô
ôˣȥСʣʦûͬ⣿
ܰɡ
ҸϳˡҶü۴ţį˵ûǸ˼һԸˡ
𣿡ʱЩ˼飬Ϊʲôôãķġ
Ϊҵûá
ɻʦҽް
һƣҶסˡ
ǰҽްô֪ܲԼ׺ûãԼҲôôꡣ
ҶЩò׼ˣʱʣãʲô˼
Ҳ֪ʱһЦʮεҺҲľ顣
Ҷ
ʲô
ҫ
ƣһƬССĺ۳״̼ʧ䱻ϳŵҶš
ɨһ󶯵
·СӲ̧ͷ
˴ˣ
ǰźˣ


100
á
޳üͷ, ű͵ԼΪҶòص̾˿
ǡ
˵ˡ
ٶǰ;, һţһΪܱ͵á
ҶԼд, Լˡ
ʦ㡫ʱίسſ·˺ݺݵصһۡ
㿴ңң
Ҷ
ſҶһ, ۵׵ĲԶ׼
ҶˣһƳͷ, ܲζ
ֻ
ڽֹ˽֪ذ, ȥؾŹ档޳۵̫Ѩָˡ
ƽʱЩСӵ¾͹, һǧĻԼ¡
Ҫǿһǰţһӹȥ, ȫŵǰϴ
ܡ̫С
һ, ۵Щ𾪡
ʱЦһ£ָָ档
ҶǺôˣܲ÷ˣ
û, 㼱Ҵ˽
˿ڳ, һûֱ
һһ, ʱ, ׺, ġ
ʱϵһ㣬ϲ޲졣
׺ҲѴ䣬֮λ䲻УȴҲ׺úܺãһҲָԪ
ʮֹȻʱ
֪⣬֮Ҳȷʵи˽ᡣʱ˵ͷһˡ
ͷˡ
ŴһҪߣҶüЩ
ôļң겻ӰղŻһҪˡ
һѣ£ǲɹ档
Ҷ̾˿ֻȥ
޳ʱѣˣˣʰʰȥؾ󡣡
Ҷ
ʱˣһܷ
ⲻƽ

׺֮
ļǰ̨ϣһüŮӱסȴ⣬һֱǰᣬŰζ
ɫ̣ҪȥһԵĽס

ĸףѾȥˣ̨ϵŮˣ˵ʲôС̣ŵ֡
ֺĸĹϵ
۵Щڣͷԭʱİһֱأɲ׺վļңǰ£һֱ̼˼ǹأǰձһ
û뵽ǣŵ£Ҫ÷ѪծѪ׺ӲƽѹȥֻϴԶᡣ
·Ͻһһʮ˵˳˵ϾǸһӣ
ͷ
꽭һһңҪΪֹɵۿ裬ҲƲסɱͷûŹһˡ
ȵʱѪɺӣ̱Ž㣬ۿ˵ģúܺá
ûȴⷢӱ͵͵ûб֡
޹Ӵ˱ңϣ˽İ
׷֮͵½̡
Ϊ¾ʹ˷ƪû뵽˷̴Ž蹻ص׺Ҳ׹ĵ׵ĺޣƽºͣΪƣ׺ӴкøУټϽԭʮĳЩӸɥӦ
̲ס̾˿С浽Ҳ飬û뵽ĵףĺޡ
ĿţⱲӶ֮ȥӰ
ӺҲ˵ˣֻ޽һˣֻҪˡ
˵ǽҵ˽£ɽȷʵţͱ׷Ǹ׵˽һ񡭡
̲û¾Ͳ˽ᡣ
˵䣬ѵ˲׺Ͽա
ʱԶԶѹѹһƬˣߡ
ѵ
ΪһعѹԼ۵׷ӿɱ⡣
ʱһۣǵõؾ뽭ˣҲǵɣȴˡ
ȥģûǼʹ෢ϸ΢ĸı䡣
ȵʱλһоʽʼ
Ϲ·ʹŽ
˵ԼҪ
ҪҪɢֻأΪҳ
ΪʲôŰʱʡ
סˣȴ˵
ΪҲ֪ΪһᱻţļֻȾѪĳŮ˱
ʲôҲ˼Űϲƽ
ǣ˸Ÿ͡
Աȣ̲ûнͣӿˣ͵ûҵ㡣
ȻӶŹ
ʱü⻰ɱĹˡ
ȻΪ仰вٲ׺ӲΧʼ
ྲ
ǰߵס
ҲֹסһжΪңҽȥˣҰɣ
㣡̼ˣϵûֱ졣
ֻƶбûҩǽɡʱе֮£֮ڰˮĻУڳ֮˶ü
ֻҸۡţ˽̧ƺǡʬ塣
Щʬɱƺ߾ɫϣֲȻĺɫ
⣡ⲻĿܣ׺ĵӶЩܸС
ΪʲôЩ
ˮĻˡ
һ˱һŮˣмҲǵʱҼ
ʱ΢΢ӣˮĻ֮ɫ԰׵Ůˣɲš
ֻʱֲ֪ռ˭塣
ⶫҷҼ˷ܲѣϸ̬֮
ȻЦ
ҼЩģɽûôöԸɡ
۵м˸⡣
ɽҵһѪĹƣɴ˶ԸԼ
ұлԼڣҼƸȢŮ蹣ֻȱ޷
ʱڲ׺֣Ҳ˽ãͬŻ¡
ǡʱ뽭˲ٻʱѼȥҡ
Ϊ͸״һͨ˽ա
Ҳ֪蹲Ѫֻ֮Ůڲ׺
ƻֿգźҲңҼ㽫жֵ˽ϡ
һŮĻʲô³ҲĥŮȴҲǽˡ
̱ų㼱ҴҪȥҿ㣬ҲýӲ˽ȥ
ſʼ
Ƿϵعڵأ֪ǷǣеһУ֪ԼǶǴ
ϲ׺Ǽž
Ӧá
ڱǰԻƿܣٶǲ׺ӡ
ԭ׺֮ôҾͿʼˡ
ЦʵҴ𣿡
ˡ
̧ۿλ֮ˡ
ʱ飬ƫͷʾ蹷
֮ﲢǵŮ޹ġ
̴ĬĻ
ʱɱۣҪ˼µ˵˭Ǩŭҡ
³һ
ҪһԻ飬ҡҡͷ
ȥһ֮ˣ飿
̵һͷǽ蹣ˣͬһ𹲰ͷ
ʲôΪʲô磬ͨͨԲҪֻҪ㡣
ûУ
ϣأʱϡ
ûнˣʲôֱ
ҡҡͷɳƣûС
á
ʱԴȥ˷蹱Ͳھݣͬ˵Щ˼䣬Ҳȥˡ

ǣ
Щȵؿǰ
Żû֮أû뵽֮оȻĴڣ
߰ɡʱЦǣ֡
̺ͽ蹸
˵ѩ𣿡뵽ѩЩź
˭֪ء
ʱĻģɣȴһ˼
̫˽ʱˣԸΥҪðһЩ
˵
˭֪ء
ĵ׳죬ǵźҲĨƽ
أ
һֻëɫڵèǰͷǽС
˼˼˵ģǲҪ¡
һòŮӴһСܹСĵؽè
㡭
Ůü΢䣬èצСȵذڶк
Ǻãҽѩ
ء


101
ðп
ʱָȥ߲, ôģ
ȻҧһǺ«ʮȻؽһιʱ˵ţܺϲһֱһ, ʲôҲȲˡ
һһسţûһͰһǺ«Ըɾ
Ҫ𣿡ʱЩδ
ҡҡͷҪ, ٳԾͳԲѩ緹ͽ蹵ˡ
ǣһȫ䡣
ߣּСףȥ 
ּС㣿ǸϲŮ˸ּС㣿ôͻȻҪˣ
ʲôּȫַˣǸ׸, ּСղǼˣȢޣַ˾Ҳͬˣ
£ȥ
Ϣ׷ǰּ, ŮȢ޿ɲ
Ҳȥɡʱ˳ȥ֡
ȾݣԴڽӴ, ŮŮǲףĵذ¸ټ
ּȷʵǵĴ, ôһǰǼˡ
˵ּСȢĹﻹͬһ𳤴ѻ
ӭ׶ӳϺƺƵ, Զĵ, ֵΧ۵İնܽӵǡ
һ˼ϸԣּҲһҲ, ֻôһŮ, ȻҪЩ, ǵİնմϲ
һȺСӸӭ׶麰һЩףĻ, ΪǻףԸ, ЩǾ͸Щ
ּӴż£δͳɷΣҲһװ磬ڰϣǷĵĻ䡣
´󷽷ӭȢԼˡ
ôԽԽӭ׶ָǰ
СѾȲ̧ߵǰ֣˵һ䣬Ӧ½Ρ
չأⲻǣԼһһ߻ؼҡ
ԱҲû˵ʲôյĴ鲻ͬѰؽλ
븮ž͸ðˡ
λӵıӰﻹǵϲǣЦ˶һذͷϡ
в޽ѣЩӰ첻ǡʱתҪߡ
һѾߴָ˳סǡ
λԵȣ
Щ⣬ʲô𣿡
ǲոֵ·˰ˡ
Ѿҡͷϴϲ֪λɷ㣬ҼСλԸϲơ
зԣ
۾һˣæŵͷ㷽㣡
ѾȥʱŵҲ㣡
ߣ
ʱΣֻøȥˡ
ѾŶ˽ʱڰء
һһŮŮ˴ӺݻЦӯӯؿλˣֱŵȴһ࣬Ů˲صһۺǿЦ
ӦּСĸĸˡ
ݹأּСȥ·
Ҳڰ
ԱͻȻһ졣
ȥ־Ȼǽ̺ͽ蹡
Ѿ߼ʶ㽫ǰһ
ϲϣּҸǴֱʣʳˮġ
̺ȵЩ࣬Ž蹵Լ㡣
蹰š
㣬Ҳ׺òãСֹ
ȴˡ
ס
򴽲֪λش
йǣʱһھʵ
һֻžƱһֻ¡
ͷſ˯
ʱ̵ָʮֺãȻġ
ҽ蹾ͺáʱ̼ǵǰ˵ݡ
ǡûʲôǣֻЩ
ʱϵı׹
ɬ
Ӳɽ蹻ţͻȻ˵ҪףЩ֪롣
λɾˣ
ּСƣһѵֻɵЦ
ˡ
ûͻȻ۾̫
ʱ˳ƿ
һ߽ҲԺ̧ͷ
ףλúϡʱ̧оƱ
ллּСʮָˣоһ
ƺܺã;˸飬ھԽŲȽ
ҪлС롣˵ҲҪƣƱû߾ͱԱ˶
岻ãȡԼһҲˡ
ã
ּСҲˬ죬һƶ㡣
ȹƣڿλżƺл˵
λף⼸ոǰɡּСʱʵǾİɣ
˻һ˽Կȫޣ㽭ûһݾڡ
ʶҪȥֱߵĵ˲ŷӦĵҲ˾ݡ
ûж⡣ּСæ͡
С֪ݣʱûҲûзϡ
ּСһЩ飬м˾ݵĴڣ֮òiףв֮ˡԭֻд˵룬ֱǣҲ֪Ĵڡ
Цˣл⣬ſʱϣϢϢСǾ𣿡
СͷҡҡͷĿֱֱʱλҵĸоˣϿˡûмҲ֪ǲǡΧƵϢ޴Ѱ磬ꡣ
ܿϵġʱ۵оȣȴҲֻһ
ּСͷ
ܿ𣿡
⻰ʽ̣ҲǷˣû츳ʻڡ
ҡҡͷУʱͬԱ죬޷ƯЩ
ݣȥ𣿡ʱ
ּС˼ͨ͸˵ķӦλʵĻŲµ˼֡
ȷʵڣʱ壬λΧĹһǾˡ
˵֮ظ˿ɵó𣿡ּС
ʱͷ
ּСʱɴ۾
Ȩ嶼ݾȻ
볤𣿡ʱƽ˵ȷʵ츳ھ֮УҲܳƵϰĲ֮ģ˵ѣľᶨ֮Ҳδɡ
ּСȴЦˣ˵ЦˣֻһͨˣҲҪ
ʾݣֻ֤ʵԡõ˴𰸣Ҳˡ
ѵáʱóһ
Ҷ˵ĺ񡣡
Сɾµ壬֮ȴܸо˿˿ů塣
۾Ͼû
ʱҪãû
ͳȥˣ
ּСܵǵԺӵߣûȥӡ
⡭ô˼
ߡССغһͷʱϲ᲻صҧһСڡ
ʱ̧ͷһ߽ݹȥ
ּСлŽס壬һֱĲѰ
ȥٸʮ˸ʱЩΡ
ǲˣ˼Ҵϲֲðһֻý㲻ѹŻȥʱϡ

ǾȻȥˡ
˴ָּС͡
̾ɢ˴룬ִǸ⡣
㣬ǳ׺òã
ֵؿһۣЩ˼һߵʱ
ҲڣΪ֤顣̰ŵúúõġ
죡ͳף
ʱˡ
⡭Ҳɡ
üȥѩ̸˼ˣŽ蹾ѩߡ
ʱ
֤˻ûͬء
תͷԵʣ𣿡
˼һ£ʵ˭֪ǵĹϵ𣿡
˭֪ĵ¾Ľ
ΪһལЧ£ҪнһһнΪѳ顣
ȻЩʱ֪顣
һġʱĦָǰߣʼ˼
ʱͷˣʱÿ¾ͻĦڳԼָ
ս
չȥһĴޱؿ
Ҳס
ʱĵ©һģһĨЦ
á


102
˵Ҫ, ô׵£Ҫ׼ĶҲкܶࡣ
Ҳæ߰죬ѩõĲ÷ʦ, ҹ׻
ʱţ˵¿һӸ⣬رóԡ
ú, Ǽǰ˺óһӡ
˵˴죬˭֪ʱӸѾˣϰǸĵģ˺ÿ, ǵһȣһЩ
, Ҫ𣿡С࣬Ӻܹץϰ·, һ߿ÿĽ㡣
ʱСһ۱סۿһȦ, ջ̲סᡣ
Сӣʵ㡭ʲô֣
СޣС˲, ҽз, 㲻ޣӸԡ
ϰԱҲЩ޴룬͵⺢ӵʦ, ˵ת, Եġ
ʱֽСﱧڻ, ʧʹޡ
ʦ𡭡
䲻֪ΪʲôԼô, Ŀ, Ҳ̲סҪĨᣬ̧СŽĺ󱳣ͷ
ޡ

ѡգǲδָôƺƴ󣬳ĸӺѩ⣬ֻּСԼСס
ȵ˰õʱʱһ£λˡ
һߣӲ

ѩèЦ۾Щ˸ǣȴʮС
ǽ˾ǣŰصĻ
ûзޣֻޡ
ɹ󣬽̺ͽ蹶Ҫһ˵
С棬ЦÿģҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪƯˡ
ѩҪǾ䡰һءʱԺͻȻһ

΢
ܲϤ
̣
ȻףȻϤ겻ŮϢЩüۼ䲻
˶֪ͨһ𣿡軰д֣ߵǰĹӣеЩο
ۿҲģûѰ裬һۿʱָھѰϢȴôҲҲ
ϲ֮գɱᰡ˵תͷȥʱҿΪ֤飿
ʱ񣬡Ȼ
۴ۻǴۣ趼ĳ
֤ٺʲ
֪йǱվŰɡ
λָĦָĹǽ䡣
һأ

ѩߺݣءݳ֪֮ˣɡ
ϣֱʱҪһЩ
ǰĶͷ˾̶Ҵ˵
ڳĶЩˣַϲ£ϲ¶ǣʲôˡ
ͬǱߵĳ֣ʱҪࡣ
Ĭơ
ȹſڣͬ߹ˣݣ߹һҲֻꡣ
ʱƵһӵؿԷ
Ͽ˹¶;
˵ġʵûд߰ǰɢΣ
ҡ
ʱ֪λشĻ˽İ꣬ƺһֱߣһ˵벻
ûҲ롣
Ц۽ʪ
ǰҲҶȥɶϯ˰һֱڣϢܲ̾˿ȥ۽ǵᡣ
Ҫˡ
һǱ糺ͷ۵¶Щ顣
ǲͬҺһһ롣
һ׼һʢĺǣݡ
ʱ֪Ƿݺʲôֲ֪˵Щʲô
ûˣһ߿һҲʱĥʧȥ˵ıʹ
ȴ룬߹䣬еıԽء
ˡ
أλ߹ſʱϣֺǺǵһڡ
ˡ
ʱϷ£һʧ
ĻҲ˲䡣

ء
žƺߣ׵ӳϴܶ𣬶ϡŮ˵ĵ
ʲôżˣ۵Щȣӿʧ
ΪһĻǡ
ϲơԼľƺ
ϲƣų˳ǣǣ˿üͷ壬ۻҪһ䣺˭ģ
㶼µ˻Ҫһʣ˭ϲֵ֣͡޹齣ʵ
ЦˣҪɱңҲ
֪
ԥĿڣͬʱԼĻ
ųʹΪʲôΪʲôҪΪ˱
ԼȴҪһǣһ
޴
Ŀ䣬ø㱾˽̰ֶγɣ˺ͱζԶס
ŸܵԼɢ˫ɺͼѣһ̣ǰ߹Ļ澹ȻͬΪʱ
ЦƤ֮С
ѪҺڽ·ͼѪ
ΪµģֻҪֻҪˣһ
Σ
ߣעһ˿
ӭΥ꣬еҲϨˡ
ͬʱܵʱںҹۡ
ôˣ۽ǡ
û¡
ʱĲ١
һƬҲɢˡ
ȵ˻صʱǰºǷǷܵ½ǰ˵ʱˣǵ½һ춼Ҫ˵
´ҶŶʱֱѵʱ
ðû˹ܵˣ׶ʦˣԺǲҲˣҶ汻ˡ
ûʱ˵ϴǳЦʱ
ҼʦˡʱΪǳ׵Եɡ
Ҫʦһµӡ
ҶŶһ㶣úҶŻʣɺã
ʱͷߵʱСһʶ
лԵݣһȥӭ
ʦ𣡡

Ҷ
½Ǵǰ棬ǿӲ죬һ
Ҷţ½óһͼֲֽ̽ھݵ̡
һӣֳһ롣
ЩҶ壬Ѱ޸ҡ
Ҷ
ţɼȥ̽󣿡Ҷüͬ⡣
½Ǽ״ֽһ뻮һֹȥ
СҶҧ֡
½Ǻԥȫ˹ȥЩ൱̽븱ҡ
У
ڣҶһѽʱ˹㼪գӵĻ¾ˡ
ʱ
죺
½ĸ첲Ҿ˵ʦһͬġ
ͬ⣿
Ǿʯҵͬ⡣
̽ȱľʯ
ˡҶ˿ʱҪҲٰһΣǴβ㡣
ðð
ʮ⡣
ʱ̾˿Ҳûܾ

º̽Űټҹ졣
ͬһʱ̣飬ȸЯء
ȸ֮ϣʱ֣Ӿݴء
˺̺壬׽֮İݲҲһƬⰻȻ
ʱ㿴
ʱƫͷȥ
ȸƿնֱ񷡣
أһһӡ


103
첻һ, 
һαؽ鷿ǰһһ̾һֳͷ, һƲ淶ëʣʼϺõֽϣǳһĺۼ
Ҳûдһ
ûһǰͻȻֱ, һضëʣЦеغ˵ѾǸëˣѧԼдˣ, дһҿ
ëǰЩʱżȻģ鷨, дҲɾͿëһ, ˾˻꣬һ˼ҡ
ëҲ, ￴ţʵıʸˣԵıʺ
֡
׻᲻, Ѵëʸһ, ëʼѡһùԼһ֡
㲻ϲ𣿡
鷿ͻأһŮͳ, ִһ, ϲ, ûΪʲô鷿Ů˵, ΢΢ƫƫͷ, վŸɫ۵Ůˡ
ƫֻ©ӨĽףּޣڿҸ磬ֻϵϸ
Ǵһͻɢ
ľϣ΢΢̧ͷſŮͫܿƵطŴ
һŮˡ
֮Ҳʲôˡ
һָ°ͣƻڶߡ
Ϊʲôңţ
βˣʧǡ
ʲô
ֻһһֻóһ֧ëʣŸһߵĴëʡ
һΣһš°˻ôγɻ˽ȥ
ûŮ˻˼㶵صͷԼ׬ˡ
Լд֣⿴ž͹Ŀˡ

˹˹ָ΢䡣
վϡ
һ鷿֣ᱡ͸ϡܿʵ
ûīˮôдʱհ㿴µˣñʼɨĺŵš
Īÿڿʣҵ̨ϡ
еġ
ʱЦתִڣָؽ⿪һۣ̿©һ߾Ө
ҪĲī
ǱʺĥߣԽӡ
һ룬һַֻסĺԣ𣬴ʪ
ʶʲôʱ۽޲˳غϡ
ɵͬһ㣬ȴֲʧᣬͬ࣬

Ǳʺزһдţϰġǧ־
ϤİϤǱʻ
ʷߡ
дˡֿֿϧ
ᴭ

һЦߵ޴ɶ㡣





ʲô
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ҡ
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