ƼһС˵ررַwww.677txt.com
ÿ£ϲȥ

˾
ߣ֮
飺
ᣬѿ
п˿xĮǿ˾
˭λҪ̳ȴزȥ
ҶǱ谮ĶŮκλʵһֽگ飬Ϊƽǰڹӵһ̫ѧ飬Ӵ˿ʼԼġ
Դˣ֮꣬ط͵޺ݵԼˣɻʵ۶ûаɿڷȥ˼
Աشһ⼱飬ʱʳļ˾ȴȻǰ֦ϵа׳Ե緹
ѵǳ÷⡪ͼ˾Ľֻǰ̫ѧʱͬôܻ궼û˵˻ͬⰡ
ʱŮһִļͷɫζ
ֻôɽĶûаĶ
ࡣ
ʮľī٣ǷӿΪܲմȾ粨֣֪ʮǰһԣȴǾˡ
ٹѪ·ǰٹɣ׹ۣͬС
Ϸͩβ
PSͼ趼ǱԼģ֣һĳͳǾԼΪ׼רҵ֣ͼ贿㣬ߵĻˮƽйҪλȫͼѷwb
.1.˫ǿ˫࣬Ů
.2.ȣǶרĸҵ
.3.ӽǱ겻Ϊݾתӽǣûп˭
.4.޴׵㣬ǲմҲԾ
.5.ֻڻңзɣףзǰԶ࣬ƽ
.6.ȫŮװ

ԤաΪ¹ɰ롷
ݼȺƫִ¹xĮ
ΪԸΪӣǽµµһĽϸѡ˳ΪԼҰĵͬı
Ҳû뵽ȥѱƿصĹ£ȴǸΣյĴڡ
ĽŮ֮ة֮λʱԵǳҰɵĿ⣬׷ɵԡ
˵»谮ˡ
ʵҲԡ
ҹҡҷĵ£Ϣľ䣬µ۵ݾǰ覵ЦݣѵĻҵġ
εǰҵģ㲻ϲô
¶Ȼɫת˲Ѿһ£ģǲǸϲǰңǽϲĻҿݡ
Ľʹ޹Ūǧ
壬ֻܲಡ齡
ֳӹӹµµȴӦоС
˴Ӳϣȴֺݺ顣
첻Լȥȡ
̳ĸ׾ɫòһµĺƤҡ
ܶ˶ãпϻʵ۶ų޻԰ȻΪȹ׵һ
ģ޺ġĽϸѡһöõӡ
ϧǰ֮ʱʶԭδ˫µۡ
빫´
һԱħ
ɽڣɽݡ
ݱǩǿǿ͢ŮǿùŴǿ
ӽҶӽī
ɽ˲ԶҪ
һ仰飺˾˿ɻԵ
⣺ǧ
һͩ


1
Ǳ㽫ҵλŲ߰ɡ
һͩ
֪⣬ͩꡣ

ǰع۳ۼزδкãʢɽͽ졣սȴûһŽƳսԴ˰Ϳ̿롣
ֱӢƽսңһͳ£Ӧī٣Դĺ̫ƽʢ
򱱺ҶΪսպգܷΪΪΨһӵٹ⡣Ҷһرأѫ
ʮ˥裬ȴƮҡбκд󺵶ҰʶīٳУʢ󣬸У鷱
ʢ¶ٰӿȴѲö֪

ʮ궬ңܲɹƳΪŭ˷ڶʹ£ϣʤ飬Я԰ʦس
ʮ괺ʶī١
޿Դ¯ڣɢĺıеĳһ޿һ嵭鰸ΣƲ豭ڱɫ䣬סҹ⾰
ǱϢˡ
ڵӰͳɤ
˵ӦŮԽԼеɤҲ
ڴ˿ҡŮ⣬һϮѾˡ
ʱ뾲Ĭֻѹ͵һ䣬һظ顣
ƽɫԲļУǵʱ䲻ˣµĲ
Ůɫ·Щʲôֵֻ֪ģ°ɡ
Ƭ̵ĳźײ֮һֻް׵˫ֻ󲽳Ů磬ֻ˼°£ĺ·ⷿΨһɫ
ҶŮɫ£˿統ߣޱȡ˭·ʡ
ؿĽʷΪģ˵֯²õĿʽơ
Ҷšһÿɷ񣬵վֱʾŮΪ¡£췢°ڴڵط·ʢһɨеɫȻŮΪױɰ̺۽Ǵοַʢš
ֱȹڲУĺǳǳŲԵĹ⡣̧ͷ׼Ŀʱȴ̲סʧԴ֯صĿʽʺʽڼҶʱ侪޵ĳ̶ȻΪ֮ʧʤĵ
ƹ飬л·һ˫ɫЦʱչ⣬Ө͸ʤꡣ
Ľƹ鰴ƹ֮¡
±ѾˣҴС¶ҪͣԶԼЩҶüۺЦ͡
ʮǰһֽگҶΪƽ뾩뾩ڹӵһ̫ѧ顣˵ΪˣҶΪ֮ȴԶ׼ġҶǿĸŮֱ֮ʹ뾩ʱҴңתۼʮ꣬ȴûаȥ˼Ľƹĸ֮ӣͬƽһ뾩ʷ
ְڣθ˵ࡣĽƹǲģû϶ᣬʱൽˣýˣ
Ҷףתķȥ
ʻŻʹʻȥ
ǵ꿪̫͸򱱺ҶٵĺҶٱΪ౻ֻǴ˺رأס⾩ڵֻ뾩ʱ֮
û뵽뾩ķϵҲáԼһסʮꡣ
ԭһֽگԼĸ׷īΪʣѾȥʮ⾰
Ҷڱȴ֣Ѿ˽ϡƿͷĩʱڣﻹδڵıѩȴʻɢڵأŲʹϹ
ɫеĽƹ鿪ڵЩʱ彫ʦس˵һ÷ˣһ·Ȼйӯġ
Ȼܲµƻ̫Щ֪줚[Ǹ̾Ҷֻ࿴һۣ˳
˷ڶʹ⣬ſ߳ǣһֿȵĽǡñҲһһĳеǡǹ˷·˶ݡ߳幫ӣһ۷˫
߳⣬Ҳٻ¹ŮĴˡհʦس;ӯֻΪһˡ
ⳡ磬ҲΪʤ칦硪Ȿ޹ʮҶҲϰʳиɫȥ䵱һصĻƿϾҪЩڱĹʡ
Щ⻼٣ʳڵ칦ȴƵö࣬޷ҪǿļοþӸλĹС

Ҷʱ̿գһ紺ů˵׷ɵĶѩٹѾ磬ڻδʱ̸ｻһƬüٵľ
ڹ˵Ŀ׳ߣŬÿһֶϺţЩЦȴֶ
˾ſڹ˳ƽ嵽˽ڰӿ
˵ĿⶼſڣעЯһ䵭˪ѩڵŮʤѩī٣ޱ߻ʤҡϵİ׺øĳѩɫлűů¯һСģֻһ۱֪ݲδȴ˪ѩϡǳ
˾ī衣
̵⾩е壬īǵ֮Ժաīī٣ڴī֮ǰνīī٣õīϵġī֡ǧȴഫռ֪汲ī̫濪Ϯ˾֮λֻʳ
ҶʺҲڵһ㣬ŮƿĿ⡣ǰμ˾īīμ˾λæ֮£⼸ҲȻδīкνֻڸּԶԶһۡеᣬ˾Ҳ岻ˣʶһν뿴ī衣
ǰĺͯģŮüгľޣǸüĿǰƵӦ˫īɫͫɫȴӳֲ
һСװ磬⸻ûʵĵڣȴͨժ¥İʯף²Ⱦ
ˣƤڹǣùںÿЩ
ֱڣĿ߹ã˼ͣ½ŲվҶ߲ԶߵĹ˲ɫ˾ˣλ档ʺδԸߡ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ۽ǵͼīϲ׽κȴվͽ޹ֻǸѩɫͷһλáʺߵλãҲڱߣ˷칦͹޹þӡ
嵭ôίмᣬ۵īɫӳƻ޲ûаȶء⹬ʱǷͷֲ˺ã¶Ϊɫ
ˣǻʺ׿ġ
һĸεҶðλҲǳ˴̰ѰԴīУһֱǵڵĽ㡣빬˽ŵ˽ȻҲЩıͲ˿Ȼװ£ȴ쳤˲ӹ˴
ǻʺ£ʵ˵ҵķԸĿɨڣƫƫҶǰɵͣ£ī֣¶һ˳ָʺߵλӣȻҪ̫ӵ¾Тġ
˫ָǳ֣˿ƫָҶλáĵīأƵᣬӿ˳ЮŸɫĿӿ
Ǳ㽫ҵλŲ߰ɡ
л˵
׽棬΢޵һ¡
⼸ܻǰ¶΢һ£ӰĶ
һ⻰Ƕ֣dotoȡdoԼϹߵĵ


2˾
˾֮ˣ߶š
ҶʱԼ˷
˾ʺ֮ȻûйϵԼƫƫ˱꼰ĳ㡣벻ͨΪټ˾ҪԼ깵λã˿ƺûоܾɣ˵޸ϵȻԱôɽ˵޹ԼǷᱻʺǺһʡ
ĵڷӿŮѾ°ߵλ£Լķ򢣬߶ˣ
Ҷûпйء߶šΣҲֻػЦ⣬˾֮ˣ߶š
ֻĿ׻û뵽ԷģƬ̲ŵͬʱδ˵Ļ
һ仰Ҷεؽλϡ
ǵģīйһ̫֮ͬ꣬ͬѧѧʱīԱߡʱܽ껪̫ѧǹӵܣҲûֽλö˶ƵĹĶǡīÿϿνģһɬżȫȻ̨ϷӿӣԼСݣҲδйָָ㣬Ͼ˶֪Žμ˾룬̫ѧ߹ѣҲ˰㼳ӪӪ
ԸڿҲһԳԣڴ̫ѧ˼ʹϵ̫ѧ⼸ҲºװԹ۹ȥԼ˽
Ͼ˾æ£ԼֻǿεӣȻǷֵ𣬽нԶ
ҶڼóӦֿ׺ѣ˿Ҳ仰ò֪롣ƫƫԷĿԼϣƺԼĻش΢ƫͷһͷ˿ż£ӳڰ׷ˮī뵳
ϣʺݵͻĳ˴˿εķΧ˶ŲλĶ
λۼޱ΢лףȴԶ˵õȣŭʱţѻȸڵ۹Ȩߵϡ
߶Ůӷڻױƻͻͣڷ֮̽Ҳȥ۽ǲײϸơӺݣü۲ѿʱľ绪
ʵʺ¡
񣬷ֱλʱҶеһĿɨӹԼ۽ƳλȻǻʺºԼ˲ԣڵɨīӰλʱҶҲɱرݺһ֪֮ۡ»ʺ룬ȻûнעԼϣתߵī裬ŵвµĿԼܱߡ
ʼٸȴƵģͷβû̧Ŀֻ֣ǶŰף
һ󣬻ʺջĿ⡣ҶԶԶȥֻзڹ磬µ鶼С
µҶҲܲµһ˿̴ϻʺŵŵŵŻʺ˵ߵĻȴ󷽣̸ͬЦˣʵͬĸֵܡ̫iD
iǻʺĵ׳ӣױΪ̫ӣȻ̫꽥ȴǱƽƽƵľګ޶ۣƺȫûм̳еĸŵ㡣۶ƽӹĶӺʧûʲôɫ
Dܹ״ӱ̸һ̬ۼϲӣʡְʱЭͬԼ
״ҲˡīٳǷӿԭΪ֮ơ
ʺ³ϣһ塣̫ĸӴȻƽƽվûʲôȻ̫Ҳûкʵɡȴí˾Ҫλãi̫֮λҡҡ׹һʺվļˣ˼˼˾ϡ
óг˫֮ơǵʺüǰμ˾īܡīٳеʱ㴫һҥжˣһڽǵһīͩȰŮĪУǧղúãŮͩܡýԼ˫ʵɷ
˵ʺǼ˾Ĺĸ̫ı硣ʺȻϣīڻʵǰ̫Ӷ䣬Ͼ˾˵һ̫˳ӦȺߴߴϰپ䶼Ҫáӣ˾ǴҪϹۣ֮Ȼվ̫߶Լ˾Ҳûʲôֻഫļ˾޶δһʡĵİ취
ŻʵЩĳһһһģҶȴĸĵضĻƣЩ˵Ҳ޹ϵֻīٳΪʵʲôʱǸͷ
Ƴī衪ԷȻһĿģ
ޣ˵࣬ǰǶˡۺЦһεĹҪʲôʹͣ
һڽʱת£Dӣ칦⡣
˿ҸеķУͥǰ֥ĿԴһǡ˿ŻһϮӵģǼ˽ս׿佫ϵһ
ԶԶȥǹ˫
˷ΪֻͣΪƽҡ
˵ļƯһ׺ѡʣδصϿƥɶõǧԣʹ͸䣬Ҳʺ
ףΪͬͷ͵⸮ϡ
δ䣬һŮææվʣǰµɶľڶҲòϣô͸䡱Ů۽Ƴ⣬Ҳڴ¶ͷ
ԭҶ˿˾ʼѰûл֮¾Ʋˣ˿Ϸ׼λĪӣɫӡ
ʳŮĺɹ谮ŮĸϣĸӴ
ȥҪ£⣬ĺɳƫƫʱⳡ˿ȴԸҲҪʹ͡ĺɽ˫껪ɳٳδƸĪ
ҶýҹǾʡ
ģǲ֪䡱۵Ŀ⿴⡣
˵Ŀ඼
ĵݶٶ񣬡ɹ񰮣ֻīٳоӢܣƽƽҪ
ʹͲͬĺɹʹ͵ȷǲյġ˷̬ǻûĴ㡣
ĺɹĴЩӲ˳ΪۼҲʧ̬ƽɫ˴ƽйѹҲǱ⣬ֻϣ䴺һͷˡ
˵ⷬƴҲǲʶˣ⸩񣬡лʹ͡


3
˾ʤⱭɡ
ƴǣĻ̥˴ŸԵλǿ硣
˿ҸãҶҲȥλϵD̸ͬЦֻлʺɸֵغݺݵΨΨŵŵ̫iԻʼЩ־Ҳֻͼһ֣Լһµӵûֻʱ
Χ˶ںҶ˿Աߵī裬ԷۣûаҪ˵˼Ҳֻ˴ڨ˼
˿Ѫศƣɫ˼ˮ˿˿ƣǷǽеĺζ޲ǶƷյɫʵϳˡߵļ˾ִǳϲɫָް񣬼ֻſҲžֹ·סǼõ
Ŀ
Ҳֻʱ˿ӣֶǰī٣ƻΪһɫĴҲˡֻڴ˴ݣȻɣпĿ·𱾾͸Ϊ롣
ߣᵽ˸߳۲ʤĲ²ΡΡϯ뿪ķΧʱɲ٣ٴλʶ̸ЦżһһƵ߹ҶǰλҲ䣬һһٱӦ¡Щƺͬī辴ƣڶԷ䵭ֲǰȴҲƹֻӲͷƤǰѼ䣬˶Էһ׾ɴ뿪ˡ
ֱһĨ°ӳȻ񣬶Ȼ£ƽ绪Ҷüˡ
⵹ҶԸв죬һμ棬Լֻһ۵ĿȻ׼ȷϳԼ˻˲׼
񣬡彫εĹӦһʤ
ԷԼٱƱյһִţĿҸɱ⡣
һȥߵīǰ˵δѹͣҲܻ䱻ּˣ˾ˡ
ڱĿīۣΪӦ֮е¡
֮УȴҲ֮ϲֿƺȷΪ˸еˡ
ƻΪĲճĻȣ˫ڵͫѩ媳һ䡣Ǿף彫ϲˡ
Ʊ˾һ
īƱ֪ΪҶȴЩ΢ͣ￴ī貢Ɑơµĵƹյյ͸Ŀͨ徧Ө޳ָǸ˰ƯյҡҷĹâ䣬ָ·մȾǹ⡣
Ҷ˲ϣ֪ʱѿڶ˾ʤⱭɡ
һʱ˶ͶĿ⣬īҲûпӹԼеľƱ⵹һǫǫӣô˼Ҳƣλͺá˵һҲûö˺ȾƵ˼
ҶҲһƣٱҲ޶ɣ뿪
Զɤնлˡ
֮ͶѡҶλǵü˾ưˡȷǵīಡʺơ԰׵ķɫЩδ
۵һ㲨⣬͸ԭǵãܳ
īĻĻǿףҶȴȻⱾα˵ЩƯԴǡ˴ŵذİؿ˸Цֻ˾ģҲܺȾƵӡ
⻰Ҳû˵īü䵭ȴûΪЦ¶áҲ޷
īʱɫҶпԼĵӰ֪ں˼ֿ˵ڶЦ˾ڲˣ
ԷƫͷĿתصڣֽԵ֮˿ңôֻǾĶѡ
īݣȻȥⳡġͬ˵ҶҲԾط忿α·𺬹ŵӺĵβһЦǧֵķ顣ĵĻ˾Բ
嵭ϲŭָһҪңˡ
һ²⣬ҶҲ뵽ǻʺµҪīһǱ̬ʺҲûԸ
˾кܶ࣬ողͲһҶᵽī˿һ̬ȵġ
ҵҲкܶࡣ۽ǵɨҶƺָǳ÷·̸ֻһʵ
Էǧذѻ˻ҶǵĻȽ־Ҳʺ̶һ϶Էβ֪ӦǾŮ̫ȴƫƫϲѻ˵ףЩԤ֪˶ϲԼǡҶҲǴˣֻ˵һ*Ҳк塣
ѵ֪֪֮Լû㡣һԵͳŮ˴˿εķΧɫдԣơ
ͬʱӳɫǣһɽʯӲСü۾£·һʵУʹŵҲڲסâüĿתǷ飬˾̾㶯ǵ
ȷûмңϧཫƫƫ֮һˣīҲȻƵĴ̬һ޲
ȴҲգһЦϾʵҲģҳġ
Զ棬ȷػīٳĽǣҲҶīͬī䵭ͬ⣬µƾ⣬ϲѡʱ̫ѧ˼ãȻҲī衣ʳΪĵģ㵱һˡ
ĸÿ˫ñʱȴƫôͷ棬ϲһݣ˳ơ潫ڽһŮ棬źδҡϧŮԼս֮ࡣ˭֪Գʱչ¶Ծµ׿츳ʱҲ̾硣ŮīٳЩСֻ֬ޣҲʱʱͬԼһ
ֱǰ뱱κսڵıκΧ̨ǣսΣʱȴͻȻȾվͲȺʱִ͸һҲߣס˰ȫͻΧΧκȫǣֱκʢֳǡ
ǳٳµĽУκ˼棬޲ΪޡմĵѪ¾κ˻ꡣ¾˿衣
ֱκͣ淽ųԴ룬Ϯλ;̹κ˶ɪɪ֣Ҳȼ
㹦ͣۡҶп


4
Ҳһ
ʲô˵Ļ졣
Է൱ȻҶϾƺΪԼһƣҲ£ֻû˳кɡĿīҶɨһ˵֣ôһ𣿡
һԵīҪڵ˼ҲûУҶ֪͵ԼͷϡƬ̲ŵЩ˾ֻûλãߡ
һϯ˵õˮ©δ͸¶飬īü۲ҲϿش𡣶īٳ䲻ʳ£ȴҲǴˣ˵Ҳܲµԭ
ٱоƣΪԼҶһյչüЦƿɢǵҲǻ£̫ǰ١
ҶһЦӹƱ˵ֻģҲֻһˡ
δҲǻī迪ڣ˻Ҳָ֪ΪΡ
ӲὫԼī躬ɳӰĿԼƽ죬෴ѾԶҺ˰ӡ˵⣿ȷרģǰĴ˳λáһרŵȵ˲ģûһ˰ɣ
˵ī费¶˼飬ָ棬ɨ棬Ǻĺɹҵ鷳˵Щ
ĺɹܳ裬ΪĸӴīٳҲǸ
ɽ󣬿ϧڱֿȣ£δǸ㡣ǻײĺ
˵ЩӻŮҲûӴĿŵ£طڶʹԵҲûͣ˷еӦ
ָܵĻƣĵ壬£ΪҼֺα£
ʶȻԼԶģж෽⣬ǣ㡣
ȻȻβϳҶϾƣֽī谸յûľƺùһһմġ̸Щ̫ˣϧϺþƣ̸Ҳա
ɽƣﾩǧʢɫǾˡһƣҶһҶҲֻһһ¡Ʊյһ¶ǣֻշɣЩˡ
αĿ鸡ڵƣȴȻһײֻī֧ã̬Ȼɣһ˫Ӻڰ׳γ紺ˮ媻ǵξδմģȻҲⳡѵˡ
ȻԷɫδҶȴһ˲þ˴룬֪ΪαΪ飬ֻԼЩˣҪȥ͸͸硣лδīԱ߲֪˵Щʲô˵ʮīһģҲ㲻ѡ

߳ѩͣĩʱڣҹ亮Ǵʵ⡣Ҷ££磬ҪϵĹˣһڵСϡδƣֻյյĳ滨׷ףм֮С˴ˣҲڷС˼£ڲδע⵽ӭһˣֱҪײ϶ԷʱŴæͣ½Ų
Ǹײ㡣
¡ӵɤͳԴ˼ɳƣ֪ΪҶֽıоĿȥԭˡҶ̧ͷǰӥĿǱ̹ɽ£üβʸһ˰̣ѱۿɫϬȴȣĿҶǳʣâڱ
һӥעĿ⡣
խۣʽӽһ˵ĴҶϳݡ
ԭұ򡣡ҶЦһ
ұԪڼǵ湥κʱκ֮ܣʱκٴУκֱͲã⻼֮ʱλȴֱĻ»ʹ͸ȣǽͷѸٵͷתֻ֮ôԼıҹԻʶ̳ͻϮͶ
ԪڼͶЩĽȻϰ׵ķ⡣Ϊ´ϲΪӴκ񽫾Ȼ߱ķΪʾؽ
Ԫڼ䵱ڳ۷׷ףվõīٳ˽Ÿ
ԪڼҲֱҶĿûж⵫ҲʵƲƣ̽ζɨӣЩڣʣүΪһֱű
ԪڼһЦŵ룬ķ飬ʤκز٣˶٣Ůӡ
ŶֻǾŮŮ֮࣬үΪֻһˣ
˫ӥֱҶϳ͵ŮӣˡԶ棬˾ī裬ԼȻཫȻǷǺգδ̫â¶˾֮ˣȴ̫մ̻ЩȶԣҸϲġ
Ҷü۵ײƽлү佱ˣȸˡ
Ԫڼһ֣ǡ
ҶԶԪڼΪ촽
һۣʵѿ򱱺ĺ˰

ȵҶصʱѿҪڲдžҺĴ㣬һƬЦЩѾͶһμͶǼˣҶҲٸġ涼ˣͶѵҪʲô𣿵ٵϸһΪЩ˼ԭҲڣӹĸѹ˲ٲ
ڣȷ˼
ߵý˼֣ƼȺĨذӰī˫ִУǸȱȱģǱӲġʣΧ˷ǳԾͬһξ룬ҶҲֵѰһ徲վīߡ
˾δѹôīȻЩûȤûһˡ
Ϊβѹɵؽ˻
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ŵ彫Ͷļǲ֪ģһҪѺעǱǳѹͬ档˽ҲʧѺע壬粻ѹϣףī費Ѻעͬһġ
ǿڵĻ˵һؽѹ뿤
ԷҶǱ𾪣ΪΣ
Ө**µǼͭ΢ֻĺڼʸ¡ΪǸ
ҶĻشĦ飬Ҳûʲô˼ֻ˼ȥƳѹر˿Ŀ⼸ڶԷϵļĺɹ줚[ȥǶ彫ķͷúݺݼһʡ
īüͷ̧ƹοһƬɫǶԼˡ
лᣬṼ˾Ѻעĺ⡣Ư˵պҲһĻᡣ֮ΪһʱȥƯƿͶ²ǻˣڼˮƽ档
˭֪īȴ棬ƶպлġ


5
Ƶƹƻ󡣡
Ļ¹ٲϳųɼ
г

ȫ
ֱ˵ļʸͶ꣬¹˺ʸϲһԵļĺɹع£ࡢλƽˣȫ
ཫ֣ٶ༸֧ͶľˡǫǫӣȫضһҾ
ֿ׻ֻ˰֣Ҷ̶ֳȵͶֶֻѡ
ӵǴɫǼĺɹվλƽ֣ȻǶ͵ġѷֲ٣㿴λһչˡ
Ƕ˵ģϵġҶ겻źۼǾüĺɹŬˮֶ˲ƽģмֻ
Ѽֲ֣Ҳµӣֻл˶һԻӲȥһ˫ˡ
īڴ˿̧ۣƻ˫ẬЦ紺˫￴
һƹĻͲǽ½뿪ͬ·ԭҶҲī裬һ뿪ʹ⴦ߡ
滨Ĺϣʹѵžʱ̡仨繷˿ƻճͶӰǰ׵ڵӰСҶī벽ԶľעıӰּ֮С
ǰл˸ľƺؿʣǿ֪ĺɹʲô
īǰߣһȫûȤģֻҶΧڵǳµʹͣܲɣ
һ˿ߣϲ񣬡̳޸ǰʱϺؽʱģĺɹƣ˳͸ҡ
ĺɹķرϺһ²Ҳ޵
˻ȥǴ󲻾֮ԣڴ˴ҲˣԼֻ˿ˡ
һ޸Զòޱ͡īؿڣ޸мУҲǲɶõĺþơĺɹʹϴ󷽡
濴ī裬ĿĵģмְԹζڡ
ī˼ֻһ۱㿴üͷ¶ײ͸ʲô
һ̽ߣմ͸ǧԡ߶õУĦ飬Ƕʯʵ
ҶʵûסЦһĿ⿴ֻ¶ε顣ǸȻܲµһǡ
Ҳѹ⸱Թı飬Ͼ˵ʹͲǼֵ⣬Ǵ¸͹ߣ֮ĴѹȺۡƫƫ͵ľǼ̳ƣԱȾǸûϢľƹһ㡣
Ҳ֣ͲǸˮݹ˵Ĵ£Ըʹ;ĪĿ
͸ЩɽҲδظҪ˲⣿ī˻˵õȷϾĺɹ˼۲ϹĶܿ
һʱĿ⣬ʱһ񺮣оԼƤˡֺ¿ֲңԱҲԲϰ
˵²䣬Ӧû˻ר̽߸ָͣͣҶʶʲôֻԼߡ
дҲ֡ϾĺɹҲСˣڻδѡΪĸͻпҲΪ
ڼĺ˵ȷϺõѡٵΪһձȨĽڶʹ֧Լĸھǵⳡнʱ
ҶĬͦıͶһƬӰ˼˼ƮԶ
һʱ˳Ĭ˼߳Ƨ
ʹͣ˱͵ߵȺĽƹڿҶ߳ʱӭˡߵİŮʱһ˼ͷǳϳ˶Էݣ񣬡˾ˡ
ī貢δӦҶɻ͵ϳʷĽƹ顣
ԣڼΪӦܵīϣĽƹûɵԼӳһ⣬̧ʱԷĿûԼ
λл˵Ļȼݳ澲˵תųȥ·ߵȴ
ĽƹرܺҶ򰲾ī裬ܶԷһδ֪Ϊȴīл˵ɫļ˾Ҷŵᣬ˾лͬ˵
īҡҡͷ뿪ڣգԭǣƥͨͺڵĿҲʹӣǴԼظԭϿŶˣü¶δյҪʱġҹɫȸˡ
˾һ·СЩҶ
޷ģ𡣡˵һޣһŻظķԦȥ
ҲˡǰīֻպùǶ˼ºĴԤףüѼˡ
ỺƵƹƻҶ㱼Ҫ׹˫ҹɫͫУȵӦʱīѵī¶򢣬Լ΢һףͷ³ʻ˻ʹ
ֱԼҸϵʱҶ˼īǰ˵Ļ⻰ƺֻһĿ֮ԣȷºĴͨĹԱӵܼμӡ
ϾһΪɶΪͣΪ֮ҡ¶ԻﲻԻԽ䣬ӵĪ汲սϺʱͬʱҲһչʵʥĴûᡣڴLǰéˣܵõԼνʶвΪͷ
رأºպչѫ޲Ƶ򱱺Ҷ٣Ǻǲ乭ľҷǽЦ󷽣ҶҲҪμġֻΣû˹ע֪ԼսƽƽᱻЦǰéΪֻõ¼ɣʶÿζֻǽɹһϵλãȲᱻӣҲӡ
ЩҶԼҲδӹÿԣϾָ⵱вۣΪμ˾ҪרŶԼ£
˫ֻأ˼ΪīҪרŶԼ˵仰Ҫ˵˵л棬ΪƫƫԼ
˼ƮʱĽƹ⣬״ģôͬ˾˺ཫһģ
ֻǽչһ뿪ʱ˳ʶͬˡҶʡмҶյƣ򵥻شûʺī֮ڶԷ˽Ϊ֪

øųҶδĽƹʹ˼ģ
л˵
һΪɶΪͣΪ֮ҡ¶ԻﲻԻ
ԡơ


6
֪˼䣬иգ
صʱҹ
մȾˮںڳż䣬˳ǰŮֻ˼£δۺõ΢¶һƬ𪼡뻡߾µǣϺ֬ҶĬزŷҵˮ󣬹˰βŶŷ䰵Ľ俪ڣǱϢˣ
Ӱͳɤؿ˸š
ϵ𱻷紵ҡһ˲ֻƾնһš
ױʣ͵ϡ
ԣҶ̷ʲϵŷ⣬ŷĻӡת֣֮
δõű̸ī٣һ·δκ֪£ʹǳʷˣҲ֪
ҶϢأȴԶ˵ƽδ̲ŷ⣬ǽвϵԽңԶ˪ѩ֮Լǰżڴ˿˵ķĸ׵Ĳˣ
ӰдƽֻЩͣ٣µĺҲ֪ռѰ¶־ᶨôǰʱհȥˡҪ͸µʱ䶼ˡ
óĬֻҶ˰֡жһţһƺδ
ӰعţҶڵŴغú˺ŷ⣬һֽƵָۣŴֽš
ּֽɷ裬һϤ壬Ҷоۿ̣Ŭգգۣˮģߡ
Ů
īǧī٣ʮأֱʵ˾ӡ֪ΪģֿɿΪĸ˰绪길ǷĿΪΨ̾곤ī٣Ϊĸδ飬ʵδĸ֮
շת࣬ʳѰ˼д´ţԻ˼
ַɽһ´˲Ҳɼÿ£庡֫ӲܶԴӵܻ֮ÿʱۣ乭񣬸пعţˮҲ֪֪˼䣬иգ
ȡƣӦѿ÷
ˣ˼길ӡ®˼ˣ
Ҳա
īٰӿΪ֮£֪һȻս곤֮ΪΪĸѸ档ֻСģƽΪϡһΪĸΨһ֮Ը
֪£֮ա


̶һſ꣬Ҷ亹乡ȻôһűֻֽǶ̶һѰ飬ʹ˲ҲȻ䣬Ѱ
䣬ĸ׶ڰʾԼأʱ޶ࡣԼīٱΪʣʱܹҲ֪λ̳һ¡
ҶĺҶ˽⡣ʮǰԼīΪʱĸֵ׳֮꣬ϰ念ǰɽһۺ󣬱㴫Ϊڷѩг;ºϢ˺ĸױٴپӪҶʮδӦʹ磬Ҷ뾩ҲſģʮδĸҶֶԼĲ˸ʣҶҲĸ׵ĺ
˺ҶñҽδҶ෽òҲܲµҶĲ
ʱѾˣīٳΪʣҲһҲܻص硣ȡصؼ̳
ҶŶ飬ֱ¡ָõͣſͷŮϣš巡֣Ŀ細ҹɫ
˼˳ǿۿɬ̵ĲʸУٽϤԺսŽŵƻȼֽŤһһճɻҡԾͫȴղ

պ
īٳѰ¹ɽƧɽˮⷱʶڱٳһƬ徻֮أīīϵĸۡ㽨ڴ˴¥鿣ˮӡĳɽɫ̨ͤ¥ڻҶ֮С
糿лͣճγ羵Ϊɽ´еīһԣֶ׳š
īǰһ̴ľ̽ң顰¡֣پľ֣ʱμ˾īϼī⡣ͭŵŮɫţŮбſڣһͷżͷ䣬ɫ½˿統߳ĳΡչϣԳüۼʡ
ཫŮ˸񣬡ʲô𣿡
ͷС㡣
С㻹Ϣ˵ղ͡ʲô£Ϊת档
Ϣ̧ͷɫⶼʲôʱˣ˯
С岻þƣ
Ϊ͵ذ˰֣ȻƵ˵ˣīǵһ֪ʲôʱùȥ
/
С˵˽ղͣڽΪҡŮȻǲڸû̶õˣȫ֪ī˵Լ屧ĽڿӦÿͣȴ򷢲棬ֻüæסԷĽŲȴоһһƱ㱻͵һߣƹȥһı飬̾˿֪˵ʲôźá
ᳵ·һ·īƧߣֱһֲٵլԺٿ÷ï΢ҡɫѩſڵŮ룬æӭཫСϢ
浭ɨŮһۣϳīŮ袣֪Ҿǽġʲôˣ˯˵Ѿƹֱ뷿䡣
Ǵƿв÷֦񳣬޽ǡô÷硣ʹԷҲĴ鼮Ͼǲ֪Ϊαⶪֻһ˫īɫ˫ͫŮ˵Ϣī˿һ°׵£ڴϣһͷ˿ɢڼͷл˱ƿȥΪ˿ʱ
㳳ϢˣȥīֻǱδϢȴûаģԼЩ
濿ڴϣҵڣⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˯
īɨһۣ½Ŀ
ֱֳīˣЩʱٿҲٿ⡣
ۣصĺ·ЩʲôҪôܲ徻
īѪɫĲ԰ӣ˯ˣɫûʲôˣϽҳ͸
Ҫ͸ҳī費͵رͷ
淭˸ۣҪ첻ڸϣΪ㰡һ鷳ſŵİ袻˻֣袣ϽСһ·סҪģҪƽʱЩ׺ġŰ袻ڿīɫߴٵϽȥ
ī˯ڴ޶ԣ袷֪꣬Ĭϵı֣컹һ*ӹݵīǰϽøҳš㡣
˫ݵԼǰݾܾīվǳ鴤ù̾˿
ȴַϵһᣬ֮ЩÿֶʶһɬżƲ콫Żԭ˰ڵȵīϴһ˪ɫۣϻͬɫƣϹһմ塣üɾ򵥵ĿʽճΣֱһ͸ʲ۵ʡ̧¿һ˳۲٣Ц˵߰ɣš
һ·磬īѾµԷҪȥЩεҡҡͷӿƣغۡ濴⸱ֻͷ󣬡ôήô
ī̧̫̾Ѩܲȥǽ䳡ֻҪȥط͡
û뵽ǳصͷаǾ͸¥ɣмҹˣҲм
¥ī赱Ȼ֪ǳΪʲôҪ¶һַҪһҤӲŲ̬ȡȥ䳡ɡ
л˵
ǳǸһ飬øµ£ɵµˣ
Ǳĵ£ȽҪľ㡣
ҶһֻԬöġ
ȡƣӦѿ÷աƽѩ
®˼ˣʫס


7
ֻϲطˡ
ϲݳݺɵʱڣ棬Ҷʢ
ֱǣŵѥ̤ƬʪɵĲݳҶԸл㱣·Լһ·β˴
⼸ԺܻīǾףüѼ¹ŮüĿã˵Ҳ˹ƻĵħһĵ
仰ԺƾþòɢڽյϾʹǣ𹭵˳ǽƬ䳡
˴˵־úڡԼϰҶùˣϾԼûڴĿܣҲûǸҪֻҪڴ߸޹ؽҪĹֺαΪ˶й򻹲ȥǼ¥˱Ǻôʵʵڰ׻ˡ
ƥ궯Ҷת㿴ͨںĿ۶ɫǷ۵ס
Ǽææ׷ܵСˣཫͣ½ŲڴЩ
ĵסֱӻͳö׸СˣϳҰˣȥˣĪҪ˴
ô󷽵С˼æסæصͷϣȥԵȡ
˵Ҳˣһ̵ȥ䳡ϳΪ峡
˴䳡ԭǰ԰֣ǰķˣ˰ƬӻΪЩӵ뽫ŹԱãҲǳйٻ¹峣ĵؽ硣ڴ˴棬Ҷ֣Ǵ˴ĳͣÿζҪ·ˮõϳ棬ҲԴϰΪ
ʱǣʩʩȻӰȷʵҶһȷʵܿƽոӰī䳡ֵطܶԷȻһۣǣе̬ǿ̤δС㣬ҲҪģ
ܿǶҲĿ⼫õؿҶΪϲس֣һԦȥ
ɣû뵽ڴ˴Ҳ׼ģ󷽣ü˿á
ѱȻҲѵɣǵġ
ٺòտһ˵濴ī裬ԷҶʱɴؽһŰڳȥҶҾͲˡ̬Ǹȱȱģǳ鴤Ĳ鲻Ը䳡Ҫһ
˵ܰѶԷ䳡Ѿϡ棬īıֵҲȫ֮У˾Ȥڴˣαǿǡ
滹˵ЩʲôʱǰȥΪ峡Сּææ˻ɫֽһ㣬ΪѿԷָŵش°ڣŵʱǰ̣пѾϳˡҸӣ
沢û̫⣬ֻΪɣʣ˭µģ
СŤŤزϻشƺΪѡ۽ī轻㣬Էɫףͳһֱ͸С˵Ǻ˰µϳ
ʵ٣źĽ飬Сѹɤ彫ǽصĪҪ˵ȥ
һ˼Ĭֻ֯ʤǧС˲ǳˣĪ飬ļ֮Ī彫ˣȥٸƬá
С䲻оƣȴǸʶʱģȥΪĳسѵ¶飬Ϊʲôһ𣿡
ڳ̶ȣ֡īƽش
£⵱Ȼ֣ΪʲôӦأ빬ı֣ƺûվӵĴ㣬Ҷ׳Լɻ
һֱԼװ̬
˭֪ī¶Ȥ飬ָǣȷΪʲôûӦԼĺɹƫƫӦأ
ⱻ׻ԼϣԷüһ˫ڰ׳γ۵͸ǵĹ⡣רעִ˼ЦЦϿҵصȴŻشҶרԼô˵ġ
Ҳ֪룬Ҷʵش
ֲĻ׳棬ô֪°
εĳĬʱվԲȻԲ粻򡣡㲻Ϊϲ˲ϲŮء

ɹö˵ĿԼϣīֻ۾ޱرͷȥ˵Ļʵһô
֪ˣ죿ȭʽĻظīʧȥ˿ڵֻա
СԶԶʾݳѾˣǣ޹أô˼ȥҲ²ġ
ī辶ֱȥѰһֵ£û±̬ǶȤˡԼĹֱùԼȥǡ
̤ŷ绨ľ㡣Ҷý˵ʵҲǸѡ乭ֻùÿһʸĹ켣зն
ԶԶȥīӰѾģССһɫԼ濪ڣ
ҶЦֻ㵽ôܽŵģӦôС¾ûȤ
ûָܶʲôȤǻͳһߣֻѵôշã͸͸ˡ
ĵҶССؾһ¡
ֻû뵽ҲЩӬӪʵЩЦ϶ȴҲδͣһдӲݴӹҰá
ƾ컹īٳǹ÷ˮ𣬺̨ǺӲˡ
̸Ц֪ѾջķᡣﶼһֱӱɼֹգҴֶ˸֡
ϣ֡ҶΪȻ˵Զһ²޶Ȥ
β㣿ЩçŧҲȵģ¸ü۷Ŀڴ˿ȴǸ͸ֻϲطˡ
ĿƣҶܲסֱ׵ߣĸ޴Ρɲ֪߻ǰλãīСǿ´ʱûӰæתƻа֮ǰôӰˣ
*īСֳа
ȥĶɢ˰ɣһֱҲġ治Ϊ⣬ûʲôκ¡
⻰ҶĪɻߣ治Ȼظɿ˵ֳﶼֻбר˻Щö֮ģûʲôޣҲõҰ˵
Ȼɻ󣬲ʲˡʱҶϲմЩѪԼҪȥҴϪϴ֡
һ·ѰһɾˮԴҶϴϵѪʱҶУȻ
˵˾һ巵ʱ˻ʺߵḶ̌
л˵
ϴˣǵ£ǳǸ


8͵
ʱͣڵװ˾ӡ
ȥмֶ졪˵ӲˡڲµʱҶϢ񣬽βľС
ȸոǽݵɤشƽࡣǵģʺߵҵ˾̸˼䣬ƺɢֻ뿪
ɢģʺҲΪiͶҽ˼˾һЦм֮Ա
ȻֿȵĽ⣬˿䳡ԣڽҶһˣȻһԼ䲻֪˾ͻʺ֮⵽׺ԼʲôϵȻʹڴ˴͵ȥ
ò˵ڹеʵˣʺ̵ٶ֪ܵ
ΪηҪϼ˾˾ʳֵΪɻ
Ҷ˵οУϸǿ˵Ľ̸
Ȼͼ˾ҳ̣ðǲı硣ʺ˵ݣȥ˾ȴ顣
ҶҲû뵽DƲԼֳ˵ĹϵѾõֻܿ
̫ӵ¶Լ˾ƺûлʼǲҲ©
մ״ʣ˭֪Ͼ
˵һ룬ȴȻͣҶĺıɤֳۣٳģӦҲԼһ棬ʵѵ˾ʺкìܣ
˰ΣһЦҲ֪ǱϾ˽ܶഫҲǿѨ磬˵
Ҷһۡôûͣװ˾ˡ
ϲʵȴ˵壬˸档ҲٸʵףֻԼ˾ݣƫУԵ¶ҲδǺô
Ȼ֪īϹ۵ģαؽڼ˾ϡD۵һƬ裬֮˾ߵ̫Ҳøʲ¼ɡ
˻һת⣬ŲҲнԶҶҶӰУھ׽ǰĶԻ
˵ĶԻϵƺʶDǰ˵ҲĲܻģ˵࣬˵ǵˮ©ҲΪD׻в֪
ҶڶԶ˹ϵĴУȫȻûע⵽ѥ̤Ҷ
ʲôɤڶߡ
͵̧ͷ㿴īŮɴ£̣лֽ𰡣չ뷢˿紵عⴺʤա
ǱīһҶ˼ǷתֱӻشΪڽʺƤǵԼǽýζȻǸǵѡ񣬿Ů˴ƭԼֻɢɢǰѶԷɵӡ
öѡʵѰطϴ֣żȻ⣬ڴ˵ػرһ
ԷȻǲ˵ġرܡ֣Ƕ˵Щʲô
ƲԼǸ磬˵Щ߰˰˵ıԹЩصӬӪǰŮ֪ҶջʡȥصĲ֣ش
ī費ʵλӦģ
˵ˮ©̬ȡ
īɫ΢תֻ۵͸һ⣬īӹײǰ˵Щ̬ˡѥĲɫڵȳҵĺۼ߰ɣһȥǾͲˡ
ȥ󲻾ãӷҶľһ·۲Ҷīǰͣĵصͣ˽Ųۼңѱ𲻳˴
䣬ŵĻԶԶʡ
չӳ٣ǣĶŵЦݣ±ǸӦǳˡֳЩҰ޳û
DЦ޷޷о֮ˣЩҲġ
սۿʱ磬DڲҲѾʱղȵȥһٵҸϣҸи״͵Ĺպúдһ
͹ˡ
̸СѰǶ˴ýյڨЦŹάλ˽ջķᰡǺ֣
ٽô򵥵ƨȴĵĿϣȻΪ˰ºĴҲǿá
յջöСﲢ١Ե½յı֣һչ֡
DԼʹĹؽڣĿ϶ɸƮƮȻӮiѣϾ϶ȡçϲԣҪŬЩġ
еǫ飬ࡣ
˵δģΨһĶӦþˣѾ궼ǿˡ
DܶѹѹЩ棬ҲǺһ
ȴҡͷԶǫǫӣģཫ׿ްգʵԵ̧
DȻöκǿӲҪڴ˿Ҳǹ価ΪãϾҲһμӴ
ԵΪ

˵Ϊʲôң
Ůֽ𰣬ֽ£һ·Ѱ˹ȥȻ
ȥţԷƫеȷֽ𰡣Ϊī˾Źž޲˵Ļʮŷȡ
Ҳһ˵ԼҶҲŸ߷֡
Ҷʱƣī赽׸ĽͣȻ˵û׷ʵıҪ
һߵǿòͷż߷ɵʯӣ˵ܵûӰںò׻ˣִǶ˵ʲô˵Ķأ
ʲô¡īбֻͬ⽻̸ˡ
ޡ澹ǶԴ˲Ϊ⣬˵ʲôDڱԹԼֳⲻǲУԼԴڱصã
Ҷüͷ̧Ȼû뵽Ȼ˵˴룬ô֪
ʲô֪ģԸһͬԾ˵˽鲻ǳôã˿϶˵˲ٶD۸ڶ˭ϣȻᱧԹⱧԹǵġָŶͷһӾ֪ı顣
ƽ俴󷽣СڣīٳվȽŸ޶ç򡣸ոһϯ˵DƢ
Ȼ浹Ҳûȫ˵ĶԻݡ˻һͨʺ˾ļ¡۽ƳԵǣԷ޲Ǵ˼ģҶվջĿ⡣
л˵
˾

һ㡣


9ֽ
޺һյֵֽ𰡣
ţоݣܹûô˽Ķӡī踦һڣϡ
µȭͷսƤЦⲻЦػشҸܹмԴҿġ
㸮յܼ͵һݣī÷·ֻһҳƫʺǱһɳܣ촽ſֺҲû˵һ֡
ڵϷֻ۰ף˰βŵǼǳ͢¶ͱˣûյ
ͬīٻغϣ˭֪ī费ֽ𰣬עյֽϣķʳš
ҶĿҲſֽ𰣬ֻֽȷɣϧһڣҲ˲Żӿ׹䱻ī񵽡ȥҲⲻѰֽ𰣬֪ΪֵīרĴ
ֽʲôΣƬ̣Ҷѡֱѯʡ
īҡͷֻǾֽþ˰׵ָ״ݵĻƣҲǼãֽģ˿ϻɣм档
ƺȷ°Ȼ̸ʱƽն࣬ëҲƯûκīĺۼɼõ˿϶ƷָŻƸܴУõīīؿe
ī٩٩̸Ҷ֪˾ͨ黭īīٳѲǡһǧܹʶֽϵĻƸȤҲ֮Сīǰ㾫黭ƲֽеŵƬԳĻǹټҹӵܣļҵСֽҲϡɡ
īֽͣǼܵ۶ϴϸŶϿڡ
˾ֽϧ޺ôī¶ϧɫҶʡ
ԣīתͷ֪ǷǴҶιٿ⣬ô
ѯʣʵѾֽֽݸҶֻӲͷƤӹϻд˶Էָ⼫¶ȣת˲šϸ۲ϿڣҶ˽ֻۣһϿڵĻѡ
˵ţѰˮߣ˶γõέˣСĵز𿪹ǼܵӴέ滻ȥ̲ѣīĿһֱͣϣĶҲԾؽӲ
Ŀİò޺úīЩԭɡ
ʱˡīֱӣЩֻ̣Ʈؽݵݻظ
ԶԶ«έԱƮҲִŲŲĹСϡ棬«έѣоʱڻණ
ī貢δ棬ӹҶݻصķݣҶʵƲ۵έˣֽ𰻹רŵʦµĺá
ī̧β乴һЦƺΪֽ𰱻޺öˣ˼ֽ֪˭ģ
īΪʲôһЩԲ֪𰸵⣬֪ӦĳСİɡ˾֪
ҡͷҲ֪⹤ʵھֽ𰲻ֹĳС㣬ӦԹ˼ҳ
ҶһӾīеֽǱ㽫ֽͻأ䳡ĹС㣬΢һӦòѰ
ī˳ָϸϸֽ𰣬׷ʣǼСƢãϲ˽«έ޲أ
һˮҶ̨󼹶ʱ⡣ī¼񵽷ݵĵһ۾ʶݵݲΪλҼأյԼȥֽ޺ã
Ҷɫ仯ī辡۵ףǸ̬Ӱ߲۵𡣡Ӧлͻֽ𰣬Һ޲
īеֽڴ˿Ѿֽ𰣬ǿԱϸ˳ӷĳ롣ƫͷīɫζбҪȥ飿
Ҷ͸ī˫ڵͫܵԼǰīִֽ𰿴ȥչɣڴ˿ҶҲǧء
õȨУֽƻصī軳СȻǼ˾񵽵ֽ𰣬Ӧôȥ軨׷𡣡
ԣīҲδգֻúֽ𰣬۵ЦЦ޷ɽźЩ
ī󷽵ջֽ𰣬˿ޱ߻䣬ֱ紵𣬻㱿ȥ̤ĹС㣬ҲѰֽ𰣬ǣַ粨ҶǰĶԻֻǴԸղŵƾΡ
棬Щ΢ůȴҶо⡣ţΣȴã

ڴյҶ׼ȥѰһ¥īһȱȱģǰȥ
ǣһ·ʱͣ˽Ųڵ΢΢Ŀ⿴Զ½̸ŮһϮɫʯ䣬ԴͦηˡǰŮȹѣ讣ü绨ԶȥԣĿ
䵱ûֽôĺɹһ׷ʡ
⼫Ϊģҡͷδ⴦䳡ռĴҪѰһյֽ𰣬ȷЩѶȡҽմϷ磬ֽܱܿ紵֪δȥ
ϧֽǹʦģҲֻһյմ̤ʱŷɣϧߣֽҲ֪˺δʹͷɫΪգȻͣڶԷ˻ϡ
ǹʦգֽߵȷϧǵȷϲɻЩʹӽ˴ϸһŮ˵ֽ𰣬Ҳ棬ԴǿУֽܿѰˣպġ
һ˵ţ۽ȴԶİӰһʼò죬ȷ˺¶ϲ֮ɫ䲻ֽ֪ȥ򣬲λ
Ŀ⿴ȥ㿴ŰµŮСҲ˶ˣǰ
μٶһףˡ
ⲻɫؽīϸϸֿտգ˴ԵģԼֱӱ㿪˿ڣ˾˵̤࣬ȴյֽ𰣬м
ֻһ䣬īѽĦףռ񵽵ֽ𰣬ǳµġĺɹϲ˵̤ģ֮īٳеСڲ׽ˮ棬ûм˰̤֮ࡣ˵Ҫ˵شԣ̤֮ż
ڼĺɹԣܺżĿıѾɣǸֽ𰵽ܲѰ˵ҪǴԼˣٽ˺ڨòʧ
ϧҶ˳ˮ飬ûϵֽƫƫǼĺɹġԽݣ²ϲҶ˽έ޲ֽ𰡣֪Լøֽ·ʵۣһԸ۽յֽͻظϡ
˼ֻ֮䣬īҡͷһһ֪ı飬ղֽ𰡣


10ҹѩ
ϲ˽˼Լϡ
īǸĮȻ飬˿˻شҲ졣
ĺɹǸīĻش𣬲˵īĻشǷҪϧ̬ϧֻɸѰˡ
⵹ǫǫ԰պֽ𰡣
īֻһһ룬Ѱͷ뿪Ҳ⿴ڴ˴ۡ
ɵǲֹһ˲⿴׽
ã䣿Բӿ첽Сܶ󣬼ʹıҲD
Dһ·Сܵ˶ߣ*ǿⱾóڴ˵صİŮû뵽˾ȻҲڣ
μ¡ī񣬡ֻǽ̤࣬ż˴û뵽λ彫
˵̤࣬ȻҲá
DīĽͲϾ˾ʳļ˾Ķ򣬱īȻڴ˵ص
DȻǿ볤˵żƫƫҪһżģīҲֵÿϷ
磿ǵȷ죬ȻûԤϵDҲڴ˵أ޿޵Ļȣû뵽磬ɰ
Ϊ֣û뵽ĺ仹м˾ɡ
˱˴˺ѣΧڡD£⣬ϵĹϵΪϾĺɹĸ廴Ҳһ壬ڳ൱ڳڣҲ൱ĻȨ
ܳҲŮΪ٣վֻΪֹʮλҲֻڻʵһλΣ֮ΣǻŮۣ˴ϧϥΨһŮţڹĶǵĶУֻܴλԼֶǰһŮ۱ǰǰع۳ϧعǾžޣȴʢزֻºʮķŮȿĿǰҲûλѡõ˼DԼ˸ͷ۵Ķ֡
УֻҪ⵹Լ޶ȴƫƫõĴ磬ʣµ϶ƽƽ˸ӷŲƨǸçеӣĸЩ˷̰ī֮±ᣬĵĸҲǣֻгԺ֣߸ףѧͣȺļһΪ塣
Ƿֵ已أԵλ߹ãȻҲǻ˼£ȻûⳡбվλȴҲûоܾDʾãʶ˴˿̶Ц̸һģ
֮Ҳóĺɶ⡣ֵֵ֮ôϣҲҪ濼ǵҪ¡
ˣڵѵý籾λȥ¿ľ¥Сһһֱī裬˾Ҳ͹һͬɣ
ȻıĺɣīڴҲӶ˾ʳȴҲվīϣɲ˾Ѫ˵һˣǲ֮ףԼǰ;٣λϲ˶DҲûаմ˻᲻Ӧ
һֱԶֵöǶԻȤīջ˼ϸD롣
뵱ȻǺȤϾ˴λһ㣬Ŀޣȴʼδ뿪DҪԼǷӦԼˣǷ񣬡ǳ͹ˡ
ƽ˭Ҳļ˾վȻӦԼԼʺǰչ˾ȴװڣԱãԸȥ³þ¥İ䣬ǰ

ɢҹ١ļĺɹ˿ǰ뺨пǰظŮǰΪҵҲòȥȻǿվţ˼Ȼɢ
Ψжһվڵµī裬ɫƽɫƻڵݵӣȺһ¶ʢŵ꼻
ⳡΨһһξδմˣͬģҲһδδκεĻ⡣
ʱڵƬƬϸѩ˵ѩʱȻڻڵοɫˮۣмƮϣϸ΢⡣
ǰӰ԰һɡԼǰīվԼ벽ԶλãһбɡΪԼѩɡӰԳüĿ䣬ƫƫһ˫ֺЦ۵ףڼž
īǵãⳡϴݶ̸ӹȰʱѼĺɹע
磬޿ޡ
˿̣ɡбԼסƮѩ˾ûɡĻȥ
ѩɡ棬ӣȴѩ֮
֮ӦظδֱӾֻܾǿŮӵļĺɹ
ĿûаƣŮͻظûдɡ
īɫ۽µӰпУָɿףǾ幫ˡ
ѩԵʣϡ١ʼ벽ԶλãΪֽɡһֱб䲻ٵطѩɫˮۡī費Բֱֻظķߡ
һȣ˿ڣû뵽䳡˾ΪīС㲻ϲЩ
ȷʵϲû뵽˹ϡ
ཫǳۡ
׽ѥ̤Ļˮˮ浹ӳ֮顣īͣ½ŲתҹɫΨмյҹѩ𲻶
ǸˣֻֻƬ²ԼͬСΰ磬Ȥϲ˽˼Լϡ
Ϊ幫֪õ۷üмޱϲݣַ·ֻڲһʵ
ɽӲأ֪Ѱֽ֪ӹƮѩѩڡü޵ʹǵĹüҡС˵Цˡ
ٿзϸѩī£ڼǰߣлᣬ·;ҳ֪Եֲ󣿡
׷ӰīԶڳδɢ庮йЮŹ¶ȡ
Ǿͳ㼪ˡ
һ·ߵīſʱԶԶܿſͣſŵȺԼСۡǵлҡҷŶ˼袴ҹ걼īǰС㣬ˡҲû˵ȥĶѩҲѰȥ̧еϸϸī裬ɫǽꣿ
޷幫ӳɡһδꡣī
ȷī۸袷ע⵽īһֱδڵ⣬æ˸񡣡ӱǸҼСһֱãʧˡ
¡ҡͷ˻ظСЩҩ
лӹġī袳ŵɡ£иƵƱ幫ӻظ
ô鷳ԼԻȥ
ī۵ֻճһɫ¶أ幫īٴʱղ࣬иϤ·ȥá
ɡָԾսɡƬ̳Ĭ¶ЭɫС㿼ǵܵǱˡ
עڵϽнԶֱʧīתظķȥ۽Ƴһֹģʲôֱ˵ͺá
ҧŴ꣬СĹ۲ԼСɫڻǸ˸ӿڵչѰСˣڻڸϵš
īɫûʲô仯Ŀ⻹ͣƬ̣תͷɡҹաܲס¹⣬ҹɫŨ÷·ӵʵʣصѹɡ档
л˵
ı趨ŮԿ˼̳мҵλŮԶôһ
ֻһλŮۣǰǰع۳
дʱоԼܱأһʵʷоԼ̫ˡ
Ц


11
κοҾֵˣ
ī轫ɫƽȴԾؼӿ졣ǻûһ𣿡
ūҲˣǹ˵˼˵СղڸϣҲִҪȣūҲͲöʡ
·Ӱ߲īüͶŨӰںδ
ūȥԺӴ͵ƫѾòˮˡ袷īܸܵıǶˣ袸ø
ء̸Ѿ쵽īլԺȥ˷Ǯɣ˵ʵľͺá
īĬСߣԼСı˼ī͵Ժӵſڣ뿪
С㱣塣
Զī迴ͷĵƻմƿ˷š

˴ֻīƽʱд׽˵ĿͷֻÿԺ򣬲ǸʽĿͷ
Ѿ˵ȴղߵĺӵüĿñ֮£ֽóīɫַ·ʱڻӰ
յв轥͸ˮڶһڡζظʣֻƷӦժ̫ƽȴҲƷоŵĲߣܿɫӨϾȴҲǼҵĴҤơ
гȴʧþһƷīǧĻ̡Ƿ׽ѩͼڰ׶ɫѩһյУپ˼ɣ½īԼգ֪ǽȥڶվīٳǵһۡûнעг裬Щܿ黭УϾ֪ī費ڿͷκοΪѱĶ
űƿڵŮϼѩĺ˾õȡ
Ϊ°£̸õȡ
īֻڵһɨ֪˳ϵյ裬ʲôûСۣ֪˻˴˻¡
޷Ͼδһ֮ڣǸĳðǱµ˼Ϊٽ̧ҪŮɫȴҲֻһƬ޲˶¡
⣬īδж飬ֻȥ֪ˣԵȡ
µȴīҺһƬţԼĪʱ󣬲һСɵİ״ƿ߳
ƿݵ˸УƿϸյУ񣬡ˣ˾塣
ߣʱ°īף۽΢ģԳ־ɫ
뿪ĽŲᣬ΢֨ѽֻյѾ̫ƽ֤ĵԲ߻ԼԷѰ˴űĿ
袶ҩ첽С㣬ҩȺ˰ɡ
īӹյŸռ¯ҩ¶ů֣԰ףѪɫ¼͸·ʱ顣żһ㣬ȴ
С㣬ҪҪȥд򣿡
īҡͷַ齱߰ǰѻ빣ҳüĿɫŨأȥ
ֲ֪ԼС㣬ֻӦ׼뿪˷䣬ʱֺȻʲôˣС㣬ջյֽ֪δ
ǶµķݣīֻúʹҲỹˣһ²һ¡ڰ֣˰ɡ
䣬ƳֽͷԼϣֽϣҶέ޲ĹǼԵΪ롣֪ʲôֱҡͷˣѰطպã˿
ҹѩƽѱϱҹУǽǵĲҶȴƿһƬСС֦Ҷ
ѽ

ҹīٳڣδϨưߵģīƽķ䡣
ڰǰŮӳɢٰ㴹¼ֻ˼ۡһ򢣬һָֻɵûɫתʱһ־ĶǵСɫȴָ飬֪ʲôһһͺá
Ӱͳɤ
ؿ˾ཫֿ󣬱׼ظȻȴ·ĺɹ˽̸˹һӺˡ
Ҷüͷֻ
ǵģ˾·˵ֻżȻڽ̸ĺɹ˿ǰʺáԺеΣոǿҲٿ̸Щʲô
컯֮£ҶҲǻ˵ʲô˵Ĵ¡ϾϹӶóĺɹ˼ŽҲ˸ʲôѰ⣬īǶҲҲҲǣֻԱġǿ˵˱ߣֻܼææװż
µҶ²Žԭ˰˳ɣһ򢣬ʾⰵ˵
ȥǳеİ¥õİᡣһλһλܣ¥ǵ̽Ҳֻһ̸ݻЩ޹ʹĻ⡣
Ҳ֮Уɼ˽鲢
ɢĺɹѾԻظ˰ɡͼ˾һ·صī˾ظ
Ҷüͷšīûоܾ
δ˵˼仰˾ƺĬˡ
Ҷջû֣תֻ֧ǡīĬظµȷԤϣҶ˽һȥⲢûʲôȤǱϾżĺɹ棬ī貢ϲ鷳ӡ
īĽ̸ĿƣһĿ⿴һŮӣζԶ
īΪʲôûоܾأҲ⣬ͼı
Ҷ֪ʳйеԵһ£ȻֻԸöģǣ಻Ȩ⡣⣬ĺ˾һҫ۽ǣһǵ谮ĸӴĹһǳǧҵļ˾κһ˵ԵϺõĳ룬ǣ˵档
ȻΪҲ಻㣬Ϲ֦Ҳ˻ϵ֧֣γ;˳ĺɹ˵طڶʹ֧֣ⳡ֣Ҳһ޴ı
ôⳡԶ˶ڱסΪʲôԴ˳ٳûб̬˾ʾãīһǸϹ۵̬ȣⱣ־ΪνջҪӦظ
ܲǸְɡҶ˼Ҳò𰸣ֻоԸī㶼Ҫֶţ˾߶Ҳոǿ˶ýԸʲôҲðκηձǷ֡
ס
֮ǰиˡ԰գӰ֡
ŵһͳӦҡΣûϢ
Ҷڰǰٳδ̨ͭϵڻ͹䣬ӰͶǽ档
ۣļɬԼҲ֪ΪֻһӵҲݡīŴˮ媻͸ȴ͸Լ̬ȡ
ʱ䲻ˣҪźԼطؼ̳λ·ݰֲκһҾֵˣܱ
л˵
׽档
һ¿ʼһС߳
ϲµĻԵһղغۡġ


12
ɣƽɼѩ֮ˡ
ָΪ֣ߣҲҹƽ
һ˷ʼ硣
ʱʱ䣬ЯٹЭͬԷݺƺĦȭƣ׼ԳһչӢˣþ
ʴL硢Aũ϶ԽҲαãʵ£У˳ٳϰҲ
Ϲķīɫת˲ֺ֮СڳУ˺°īɫһƥѩ񿥣ɽɫĿɫʢʢйľԼᵽ㡣
й˲Ŀֱӣ°ӰнԶԺȴǸˣԡ⡣
ƽӪʱ˩ƥҲӰͣϵĶƫͷԵӡ
ھز죬רѡͬӣΪϤʶ¡ʹ㣬ոǺӰҲ˺üŵشˣǵġӦƽϾŮҲǻμӴġ
ԺлǸӺݵӰ޲ɷӰȴɷ༸⣬
ƽ÷ɣķˣǰûôòƲѯʡ
⡭Ժǰ괺ļ䣬ƺûУϾĿףѾ궼ཫˡֲ꽫ҪμӵĻһббˡ
ֻǳһЦδһڰ׶ɫľװ޴ͷͬɫĨƽǫǫӵģոԳ꽫ӢˣԿƽսϵķˡ
ԼƥϵãŻڣʷش˫赣ǡҹۣѩҶ١ԶۿƺܿѩǺεģϲҡ
Ȼʷѩеġ¡ʵҶһϮ±ѪȾɫݰ²
˸ߵۣ׷ײĿϧԵǸδҳӣ֪ҶپǺݣƮɢ˷С
йҶûעԼ˶Ŀ⣬ֻѰԼӪʣһֱڵĽƹ㼱æӭǣ̤ҶüԼûвعЦ⣬ϺáݸĽƹ飬ƹ飬ҵĹɶˣ
ȻڣѾͿʹһʧȼһ飬ҲĽƹⲻԾؿҶ룬ʵʶԼҫۣü۹ɣƽ
Ҷ˵ЩʲôȴñĦײӲ죬һСȫװʿһ˷ٶòǰΧۣΪ׵Ľгǹ˾·ɢ
Ϊǰ·խٷʻͣ½Ųӭ³
ų¶ıһ˫޳֣īӳֵ򢡣Ůīȹһɫܡÿһײɫ硣
żȻ׹뷲ɣһҪ̤̹ޱɽ֮С
ܿ³ʿ֣Լ
һʿѵصؽӵΧãɢΧ۵Ⱥٳһ·ǰС
ʿܶзУҶȴƺøܵһ޵ߣģȴκ
˺׹˫ڰ׷ĳγͫԴؼ䲻ɫ˳
ֻһ˲īξûӵĴӵУڻԶ
ҶһֱʧעԶֱĽƹ黽
Ǽ˾ôĽƹĿ⣬֪ΪЩ飬װģ֪ʡ
ǵġ˾ҲԷĻ괺ļ룬ˡ
ĴмԸҲ˾ֻǰʱ˾Сֲãʶȱϯˡ˾תҲӦϯ
ԷϾȻʹڣ˶ӣ˶ףȫר̻͵Ҳ֮С
Ҷָƥ˳ƤëŬԼ˼Ӹո߹İӰг롣ƹ飬Ըչ˺̤ѩɲܳˡ
ǡ

Ž޹󡣽վϼз˳εɫ¡
֮գȼ
Ҷվ̨£ͷ̨ʢװϯľվϵȻǾ壬·ǼλֱϵĻáһ㣬Ͼػûȥʱգʹȥ˷صļλڻؾҲδ뿪һμ˴˴δ
ڽģǻʺ̫iDҲֻվڿµλáļ룬ӦǻʵۣճǼ˾ױ̫ˡΧҲĪ֯Ī⣬Ͼ̫Ҳδʲô׵λУҲϺ񣬴˰㿴Ǽһϲҳ
ҶĿԶļ̨аΣ紵𷱸ǣʤѩչҫֻۣۣС
̨ϵȻǼ˾ʱ̣ʢװϯ
Ź޶񲯣ף裬٫ڵ̫Ⱥ׺ŮִƼ
Եʣͷȥݣֻܿ΢Ĵǣÿһҡ졣̧֣һ֧衣Ϲ·ֻͣˡ裬Ʊ£ѩ
ͬ輧ȣҲͬҶǰμ˾īΪʱԴУ貽̨ɽǰʮٲȪѩ֫÷񳡣׺չᣬƼ䣬һ̱ҪУֱϹڡ
ΧȺҲž˵ĿⶼͣϣչҫҫȾ
ᳪ
ʮˣYǳСǧάֹĺĺ٣Աάӡˣ»ǺΡ

ֱǰҶл׹ƶˡ
ʲôأָߵأ˼
ҶűյһЩоˮȻóԺī֧裬ֻװƽ̨ϸλ΢룬ʲô
Ƴ̨ϾλףǼλ곤Ľ졣ԼΪԭ򣬼˾ҲӦٽµλãīӲʺοˡʺ̫Ȼ֪࣬˵Щʲô
һпٿλУһ˸롪һϮխ׹ɫʯ߱ӥĿ뺺ȫȻͬıκš˿ȴٱ̸
ڿʱָ˲սǻмĺüۼ価ɫ
ʲôֱץס˻ƨ˰ɡ
л˵
̫ˣԽԽ䡣
ý϶ࡣ
ߣҲҹƽ桶ﷱ¶
ʴL硢Aũ϶ԽҲαãʵ£У˳ٳϰҲҲɹ㡷
̨ɽǰʮٲȪ׾ס籡
ʮˣYǳСǧάֹĺĺ٣Աάӡˣ»ǺΡ


13
ʱǹʱǡ
⻰ʵ˵ҿ̱ǵλҲûбˡҲ֮УΪǰ뱱κս̨ǣĸ汩һ£ʼվκ˵йءټ֮ʱгͻκ˿νʹκ˶棬ֺ־壬֮Ȼ࿴ᡣ
Ԫڼ߱ѹĻɫ˿̿Ԫڼֺõģ̲סһۡ
ηӿ̸ԪڼȴЦ
*޽տЩҲʱڴϣҲ緢̴ֻӣҲǼ޵Ĺ
һϹȺעסҪһչա
ִֻ赫Ҳмʸƿ֮ХмУȻƫģʸȻ͸С
ˣȺǳϵطʺգǼӵĶˣ
ۿֱץסƨԼҶӻһΨΨŵŵģʺ󵱼̫ӵ½ǣʾ˵Щʲô
iվʱδϣĻڼӲ
ʵִ󷽵һˣ컹ҪЩӵġ
Ҳļʸ棬һȻ˵׼ͷֱġ
ҶĿл׵˫ϡû뵽֪ͣ
ԪڼҲºܷˣó̲סΪһ
ŶۣԪ仹裿
ǣΪһ֧κ׸ߵ衣
ͶκΪԼ裬ЦڲסԼƵ֣޻ûκص裬˵ʱ裬׼ˡ
ŹŲΪԪڼ׼̨ҶԪڼôҲκĻӣȻ䵽ͶϣȴҲû뵽ȻܷΪ衣
û뵽κϥҲף֮Ҳóʲô𡣡Цκ˺ûκȤԪڼĵģֻᡣ
Ҷҡͷ
˸ұƹ֣߱´裬Ұȴ졣ɫ麱࣬½зųΪл¡
ǹȴҲƲǡɤڶϣѩ뻳У䣬ûаָ飬ǲ򹷣ʱūϥĹͶٿⶼò㣬һʱֱ仯Ѫͷʣһ
īޱ°Աߵλ£棬辯衣԰գֿҶһۣҲһ
ô沢ûнصī˵ĻϣƺīΪʲôڴ˴
īӦǴӸ̨ϵλֱģȻѾȥ˼õһʩױݣƽղʩģü죬紺չüǷ顣
˵ͷ̫ʢɹܣѰһܡ
ȿ˿ǼϳſػһƬٿ˿ī겻հĲ԰׷ɫûдǻƵĽڡϾڲģʺģڻʺôȻ޹ء
Ҷϸζīǰ˵ĻԪڼˣȷʵǾ࣬Ͷʱȣһճûң˼пܷҧһɻ¡ī׼ȷ֮
˵ĻҲҶ죬īʳҲϲԭҲעԪڼ˲ۡ
ߵҶ˼ӣīԹԵضϵĲյֱ۴ȴʹǼʱĶ˿˺ѣԼеѪҺճʪȡ
Ž豭¡
вˮˮ浹ӰҲ֮顣
һĻҶУز˶ԷĲʣʵôˣ
īµջĿ⣬۽޵ʹˮ̡̫
ҶָԼǰĴյȡ˵Щ̵Ҳ̲᷸ˮĵͼ
Ҳûеȥīǰյ裬īˣִ֪磬ĻٲҪе̬Ȳǵһλġ
¡˳īĻ˵һˡ
īûлش𣬲ɫÿСں󴦣ֱĿ̬Ҷ涣ӰҲڹӰ֮ʵ
ҶעûжɣֻʱƱյ̨ϸ磬඼ƺԶһ֮ء
̨Ԫڼ֧裬輱ҹҲ֪ĿǱκĻӣй⣬Ƶ
ҶԺ貢Ȥֻ÷Ϊתעֻɨ̨ϻ׹ݵһһ
Ȼע⵽ڻӰϯλŵһŮԶӦĸӣϸĵΪĸơĸ׵ݾºۼӾͿνƽƽ棬ƽʹŻҲʱԱû˺ٲѰ
ϾλõģݷǷҶԼԺйеģѰ˸飬ҲûܰĸӶϺš
ҿ治֪ȥ˺δʱ˵ϻģֻһԱĿī衣Ƭ̺¶Էڡ
˾
īһ󲻶ɫڣɫƽȥӦûоñ£
̨Ͽϣλ
īֻһ۱ܿش𣬡ĸ˳
Ҷ˼ǳȻؽ˶Էɻ󣬡ҲΪڿ뾩ûãӵ±ܷĸǰˣƽʱҲٻؾ
ѣȻҶԲϺţԴ˻Щӡĸ˳ֻһŮޱҲܳ裬ֻǸССˣλǶӳ˳ġ
ĸƾӹƾĸĸûȻҲѸκټѱƽƽ棬ƽҶʱһλӣų꣬ҲƫԶ֮ءҲܳ裬ھеɣȥ˷أֻǰ˵ԼĸײϣͬԼһͬǰꡣ۸һƬТģԼҲӲûж飬ջǵͷӦˡ
أ֮أΪ˰ѻʳǷĽڣһҶ֪
Ҷ̧֣ȥҶƽ͵ܵɢүĸĳס
ҶɫöīУüֻʣĽ
ѾܽԼĸ׻صҶɵѾʮûм棬ĸףԼʳݵӣ֪չڡ
Ȼƽٰ磬˿̵Ҳۿɼȥ
ûлش𣬱Ǹ˴𰸡
ΪͷԳٶۣҶ˰βīĸ˫Լĸһ£ʵʧ
ͷδõǸĴǣīƵᣬ˫ڵûаֲµĳûҰֻ뵱ɢү򱱺ˣرأ֮лٱδ֪αԷƱ
չ⽫īɫ۵γһɫٿȼĵƻ
л˵
׽档
ϲµĻԵһղػһ¡ġ


14
֪ǺүİӥҾˡ

ƣԷԳɽ˺ҵǣִĦȭơǴʼӣֻȾһ£пʼԡ
Ҷǣ̤ѩϻ彣°罾緢£Ĵ
װƴ˵עڽĴΪǶѡע
һλ⣬⽫Լ˺͵ﲻǰ
ٿλӣģϽȥ洺磬ƺʤȯաӺҲйоأʣļӣʵۣƥ̫ӣһˣѵá
ֻɨģҶʿǣٿȥջĿ⡣
ٿ̨˾վڼԶֻܿģɫīɫڷо塣ȻμӴֻ߹
һ㡣
ԵĴ̫һзɤӵǴӣλҪעˣԷɲʲôС֣޳ûģʱЩÿֻԵҪԼļʸרŵıǲźͳƳɼ޹ĺ볡ǰس̣һԷЩʲôޣۼҿɾͲұ֤ˡ
һ˵һƳŵľףʱѵ
죬ųУɢȥ
ۿɢȥ˳ԲŮ˾δ˭
վŮƽشĻҲûκԥ£ཫ
ޣıζתͷī߶ӣ˾Ϊʲô⣿գӦ֮¡
Ůʣ̹һˮ彫죬ȻҲ˽գС
̽õĻشЦ޷˾ձ޶һģ֪ĸˡ
ӦŮ񣬡֣̿θġ
棬ī蹧̬ˬֻ󷽰ʾƽӭ۰򴦳ӯãлصҲ֮ʱ

Է˼ϾгҰ޳ûҲЦ֮ǡأչҲֵΪ˴
˵沢档Щչûʲôսޣ֤ʵÿһĴҪԵԲ˵
ľ裬չϡУһʱֻ̤ҶĸO@ϸ۲ŲľĳƣжҰ޳ûĺۼ
Ȼо޵Ϭߣâڱ²ԼӦѱʲôڰжϣȴǰƥǰ¡
ҶO@졣
Źľһ֦ѾȻڿն˶£ͬβʳһȻһ֪е档
צӱס棬ԷһȻǰ壬бױ㿪ݵϮ漴ûаͣ٣֮׺գһֱݵࡣ
Ѫ罦˸ߵݷһֱֱӿ׹䣬Ӧء
ֻݣԭһֻͨĽë͹ˮצʤϸһܿϸĥĺۼ
¶ζЦ⣬ڱɲΪشϵīٳԷϢģӦΪġ
ⲢԷɢޣžĻģӦ˭ϸӥԼԵġ
ӥץЩޱҲˣôеϮˣ
£ݵԭصȴŲһܵȵ
Ȼûãգſ۶˿׹صӥһصѪʱסƥ¡
Է磡
ϷɱµұԪڼӥʬһԻִ棬Ҳ׷ʲô
ԭⲻ۾Է硣ɫʹԪڼ沢ްɫһνģһΪԷﱻҰ񣬶Ϯ˵ĵӡ֪ұİӥʱˡɱ˺үİӥǱǸ
ϲʹصǸʵ䶼ڰָԪڼûйܺԼӥ
һһΪȻӥȡѶȣҲڴֳϹҲʻЩӰպ˿ܲ⡣˭ֱ֪ӱɱԼ껿κشӥԼˡκʱѵĽҲڻ£ȴϡ
ڻûкӲӲʱ
ٿӥʬ壬ֻЦ⣬û뵽ҰѱȻϮˣ˵Ĳǣû˵ཫԪڼˡ
ȴûлشֻǷµظΪ⣬ͫղ͸ŨīɫҵûʲôֻˣүǹܺԼҵӥȮʲô¡
˵һޣ۶ȥֻȻԭصԪڼÿŵϽʬѪվһ߿˶ӥ¶ݵ䦿ɫѪۡ
ҪûõӥȮ

ҶҶ˴ٿϣԷгҰ޳ûʳˮ֮ء
ҶϢ֮Уϸ۲Զʳ¹ֻ¹Ƥë˳ͦΣ¹ǳãôһֻϼѵ
Ѿעֻ¹ܳһʱ䣬ֱɾ迪ʼˮĵʮֻɫ磬ѾԵ˵ʮֻֻɣҲԽʮֻôҲĳɼѡϼѣڴлȡһķڿĴҲӦɣɼȲȥҪǼ棬Ҳ˱ῴ
һ˼ţһȡң׼¹ɾʱһ¹ķΣһ¹й㵹ض
Ȼ¹һ֧ͬʱ¹ʬ塣
Ҷ죬æʰǰ¹ʬ塣
ļ¹һ֧ǵļʸü֧еλʵµȣиһǼȲˣߣǻٻƤëѴϰƤë
Ϊ˷ÿ˵μӴ˶ԼļʸǱڱ˭ļʸӵ֮
ֻ̧ϸͷ󻹸̴ӣ۶
ȭͷȻս񣬡μ¡
ϵDûȥҶֻ̧̧°ʾԷĿ⼱еѰǰֻ¹
ֱҶűֻϲ֧ʸص¹ʬ壬ۣתͷһԲȴŮӡ
л˵
ղ۹עһ£Ϳˡ
ҪС߳ˡ


15׹
ȷأӹɡ
ǰ°Ůĸ˺һӲϳ˶ԷݡD˹ǣ¶һ޶⵫ҲƲѺõǳЦԭƽɡ
Ҷͷֱӣڴ˴£ǳҡ
Է˳̬ãûԼĿġĿ⻹ͣҶűߵ¹ʬϡɵǣ뱾ƺͬһֻ
ʵˣԼֻ¹֮ǰƺɱ¹̫ԶҲУֻԦǰȷϣ˴˴ҶһҲ֪ɱ¹ˣ
ƽʱһͷ¹ˣȥ˳ˮ飬Լ󷽣ҲδɡʱǴÿһֻΪӣ¶Ĵ˴һҪеţڴҲиóɼ˶ܳΪĽ㣬ӮõĿޡ
ƽȻҲҶĶŮҶȾڷԲ꣬īϱһԲ־¡ҶΪھȴ죬ҲûзĴ㣬īٳȨƣƽҲϢûзԼĵʱ
ˣȻ֪Ҷɱͷ¹Ҳ⣬ڣմĹأȵȵá˭ɱˡ
ȵԼү˼̿ڣ¿ˣǵͷ¹
ǰҲˡ
ıD⣬ҪװٿڵôĪҪˣϾ¹شĳɼĪҪί˿
ҶĴɫչ²԰֣ʱѾ˶Էͼ
ƴȸſڴƻƵߵڰףƶԼûͬа壬Ҫͷ¹
˵ףֻһͷ¹ҪΪһͷ¹ȥھ˺
˻ƣϵȻأ϶µظȴĻش
ָǶĵƤѪۣҶǽΪָսףҪ˵ôݡ
ڳĬվǹ˳ԭԵõ¹ԶҲδУȻǵУͷ¹ȻҲǵµġ
ҶʶĴ⣬϶ĬĬŵӲҷ֣ʾ̴Ӱͷ¹ߡ
̧ͷɫвʱȥԣٴ˼˷ʱ䣬׼뿪
Ǳȸˣĺδ޷ݣϸѰһӦҲ
ҶԭֱԶɿ֣ϣ¶˿ԳƵɫ
Ǹ۸ڶһģЦһDЩ¡
˭ʸȥǰΣDҲһ
һ֪D»ӳ飬ԼﱻȥȥѰұ
ʰװ׼ȥʱȻ˲Զ̴ӵЩУǿǵ
ǰŽȥĶ
̴æش𣬡£ǰǾͷԷˣӦҲ⸽ȥ̽һ¡
ȥɣ׼Ķܳʲô⡣
һδʲô㣿
ҶһɻһҲǶ˸ۣȥѰµ
ȥ˼εԶȴƺȵïܵи翣ҶΪԼĴڷȷ˼εȷ˺ȺʼѰԴͷ
𡪡
Ѱһ·ߵɽ±ʱǸ˵Ҷ±¿˴һɽȣҶïܣ
ȣʡ
Уξ׿أС׹ˤȣȣɽںܿ촫
Ҷһ֣еȷһˣ֮ϵһССУξΪи׿Զʱ顣
ϾˣҲüȡҶ԰꣬ȥ⸽û
Ȼ±߸˼һȥʵĵ棬ȴ촷۰˲̮ҶҲһ̤ʧȥƽ⣬ֻеԼɽ׹䡣

û°ɣ
ڶ̶̰ʱĵʮѯҶҲٰͲסĵ׵Ĵϵĳûش˵£һˡ
ǾͺãˤȣҲȥˡ׿سһ̱ڵ档
һ˵㲻ˤȣֻѾʣȥҴǸλЩʱվͿ·üѹ͵
𣿡Էʡ
ҲǴ򡣡նĻشֱֹס˶Է
Ҫôأǻܻȥ𣿡׿غ԰Ҷ˾ݣ۷ŹضŶԷ
Ҵ˿ڣһȥû±ںýܹȥУֻڵȵʱǲڣȻѰҶ̧ͷɫ̫ٹЩʱҪɽˡ
׿صͷ˼֣ãáǾͶָˡ
ȥ򵥴һ˿ںҶѰʼϢؿڵ
©ƫҹ꣬´СԼ͹ùˣû뵽ľ˻ܷ׹С
ɽ±һ̤գ׹ʱвľΪ壬֦ɽҶôƽ䵽ɽڣһأͿ̱ڵˤȵ׿ء
УξҲǸˣüɬһ峺ģ޴
ôˤģҶϸ룬ǾôΡ
׿ػŵƮڴʱһֻ¹һ·׷˹Ȼ󡭡ȻͲȿˤ
Ƶɫ˺ѲشĿŶȣҶѾšüͷԼҲ֪ôˤģ
׿صٶһ𣬡Ҳ֣һ̤գֺǱһѣȻǰһھˤˡ
Ҷɵıʱæǿûƭ㣡
ȷûΪ׿ػƭΪͨʱദжϳǸӼ򵥵ļһ޴´ͷβ͸ŹΣԷΪʲôа¹
⡭Ҳ֪
֪Ҳȥ׷Ҷʹ̫Ѩ㲻ô𣿡
Ҷһ㣬ڷ鲻Ծôһ˵ȷЩ
ϸһ룬ǵʲôˣʲôҪ㣿
⡱
һ׿⸱¶ģҶ֪ʲˡôҲʮеĽ죬ȻԼʲôҶ
˿ɽҡضɢ񣬳صĽŲ̤֦ҶصϢŻѪζ
Ҷȥڿвʱס˽
׿Уξϸʲôңȷأӹɡ
л˵
浹ùѽ


16ն
򽣹ʤѩɫ
Ҷûнյô
вһֻ׶Ĵ棬Ӵ󣬽ŲأŲһ˫âֱضƴ
Ȼȷ˵ԷлͻҲƽһͻ֮
ɺϣ׿ƫƫһֻ¹ƫƫ׷¹ʱ׹ɽȣƫƫɽкͻ
ЩΪһȴԽ͡ð¹Խ׿ɽ±ߣ׹¡׹¶ⱻ˻ɣ⽫յͻɽ±߽£ϻɱϻצ£Ҳ㲻֡
ϾǰЩɽҪϻңɽһְȱ׿ΪиԵʣпǽӰɽѡͳʽŽԼְش󣬰ﲻ֪ж˫۾λá
ϻһƽ׿Ѿɵۣһ仰Ҳ˵Ҷ̾׿Уξˣ
𣿡Ͱ͵³֡
𣿡ʡ
׿ͷҡ˹ģһ䣬ǿСġʹԼѾʵ˵Զȫλá
ڴ˿ޱԼ˴δԼ彣Ҷָսʱ׼νʡ
ֻ岽ԶľʱͻֱӣԾ
һ°⻮ɫϼ
ʵĳһˮĺ⡣**ӣ㻮ϻƤëһѪڡͻʹһɨβˣѪվ㲻ˣ̼ԣ¶
򶷣Զ׿ظ*ҶΣֻܿɫĽ£ϻ˺۰߲Ѫ죬ÿ񱩲ѣҧľ˵˴롣
Ҷڷ飬뻢ϾǲԽĺ蹵ʹ彣뽣ֲҲɱع˲ʡѪҺϽʪԭ޺°䦿ɫѪۡ
սʼ佣ʤѩѪϼл뽭ɫ
׿ƽƽھҲ㲻ӣϾж˹ϵŽͽҶ彣ʹʶҲжϳѽǷƷ޳ͨף֮ʤѩɫϽ࣬ÿһλӶؼѪΧɽʯ̵Ļۡ
ͻǰˣҶ漴ŤͼƷֱԷٶ㣬ֻܽԼβɨҲһգⲻ֪ҶѾ󣬵һĺ󲱾
Ѫ罦ɫı
ϵѪܿŽڵ棬ָֻͨ׵ģ
ֻϻѾΪϴСС˿ڶʹ಻ѣҶĹ䲻ԵʤڽܣмѪԸЧ
һֻ֮䣬֮ǰ̵棬Ϊڴ˿ϻ飡
һŭʧȥ۾ͻŭϮһ˫սܿסѥĶڵûĽӡҲʧͻһҧҶ¶ؿڵʱץסᣬתûϻǻ࣡
̵ѪмηɽҶա
˻΢ֻӴͻŵأվûϢ
ҶŸܵ˿ڴʹУعڵ棬ý塣
ȷϻ׿˵һȳһյʵ㻹𣿡
Ҷûо˵ֻȥѾǵҲ÷ǡ
ɫҲ˴ʱ䣬ˣȻɳѰֻܼѾȵӣϾԱƾԼɽڳ˵Ρ
ۿŮƾһ֮նɱһֻͻ׿ض˼־ηŷͷȥĲϡҼǵúһˤİﻹҩԵһ¡
׿ȳԶһȴҶ֣㿴ʲô
ҶȻʹ׿ر죬Ӧõȷʲôʹߵ׿ߵĹľԡ
׿ֲĹľҶȻһֻͨѩ׵İ¹ɪڲݴУȲ˿ڣΪ˲Ŷ㵽˴
ɣа¹ûƭ㡣׿ؼæ
ҶϸŰ¹˿ڣڲתԸ׿أʣҩȥһ˿ڡ
æµĹУҶ˼ȷΪ׿ǸƭҲΪֻ¹żȻ֡¹ּزۣಡֻΪԷɢáҰİ¹˿ͷ¹ԷװǴãʵ˵콵
˭ƨأ
ǰŽȥĶ
£ǰǾͷԷˣӦҲ⸽ȥ̽һ¡
ȥɣ׼Ķܳʲô⡣
ǰżȻ̴ӵĶԻ׼Ķͷ¹

ĺɫĳμӴ½½
ѾΧ˲ˣȺʱʱȵ̾
ʮֻûһཫĳɼοཫˣ
ԻֻӣƤëƯ
Ⱥвµ˲ʣ彫أ彫ҲȲཫ𣿡
彫ʮֻأϧѽֻһ㣡
ȺеĽ̸УĳɼԼʱǺһƫƫʮֻɼЩ΢ǿⱣԵԼĳɼ
ĿȺѰ⣬ԷûȺĴӵУС
ʱԶʵ۵Ľ̸ע⣬̴ֻüɫҲơڵõʵ۵׿Ϻʣλ˭ƽҶУξ׿أ
üȻΪڻδ˾Ҷ׿أ˺ܿܳʲô⡣
Ⱥе˷׷ҡͷûˡ
յУ񣬡£ڻӽԷѰȵ䣬кܿ޳û˵׿УξͲˡϾͣ٣Ŀ΢ɨȺеԪڼվϮ˵ݡ
֮еģԪڼɫһ˲࣬ɫض档
׿ԶϢɫ԰ף˾ǰѰֻһֶˣ
¶꣬ʧȷʵͷۣӧҲ˳ˮ۵ʹһ֧ԷѰ
ʱҲǰ񣬡ԷټɫҲཫһͨѰЧʡ
ʱô˸˼ֻڰ֣Ҳãһһӣ˴иӦ
治֪ͻȻվ⣬ӦҲʲôֽšʱҶİΣȥѡ׼ԷѰ
Ⱥе̴ӱ˴񽻻̴ʾѾɹȻüͷչ
Ȼֻ¹ѰӰ׿ܳ£Ҳջ
Ҷʲô⣬ģ˸ãԼҲ޶֤ˡ
л˵
书Ĵָ
Ͼŵ㣬Ͼŵ㲻Сķˡ


17鰸
ò֮ȫˣδ̫ݡ
ԷѰ·ϣ⵹һĽһ·Ѳ飬һʱҲȲĿģֻܽעѲϡ
ĺɫϦûƽߣЩչ⣬ɳȥ̽ʿڿӱ޸ϻأǰһɽ·˻⣬һ׹µĺۼ׿Уξ档
ü׹ºܿǷ⣬л⣬˵˻ƽ
ˣԸߣȥ
һ·±ߣӰǵĻ⣬ʵ˻𣿡
һɽдҶЩ翵Ļཫлá
߻״εʿŭ𣬺ȵŸʲôϽ׼ȥˡ
ʱеĸߵߣʾ±ߵ׹´ָѵ˴ʯرײȿգǻֽš
ԶҲ±߹۲죬ȻҲ֮һһͻ촷ۣ˼ŷԸط˺úñƻˣϸһ˸Ͻ׼ȥ˵һ

˳ɽµײʱԾľȼյŮӡԾĻɫͫ÷·ȼաǳ°ںذ߲ѪɫѪɳ
½½ɽȵڿԶֻͻʬʱӶط˲ľ
⡭ϻ
ˣ͸ˣôģ
ҲҶݽͣɽºֻϻôǴˡ
赭дؽͣԹԼ׹µԭҲ̸ܿɱͻĹ̡Ϊ˿ˣἰֻʣûˣ൱Ѵ
һЩƤˣѾˡ׿Уξ˾ʣࡣ
׿мＸ൱ҲûڻɱͻаʲôæЦֲײļǺ㣬ǾҪˡ
ҶֻһЦЩ˵ã˵á
ʱһֱһԲɫ۲ֳ⣬ĿͣҶĽϣʣɫʻأ˼ͬɫİ޶װΣֻܱ
ðһʣ彣ɱͻڿڡ
ҶԵЦݣǣҴ彣ѣһ
Ҷǧط⣬ûش𣬵Ҳ׷ʡ䲻Ըش𣬲ȻǼҴ彣ҲֻǱˡ
üͷĻˣ֮Ǿѿ׿УξȥҲ¸һ˵ơ
˵Ǻˣɲ㳲𣬡ٿˣǸѾԸѰһƽ֮أȵñԻȥˡ

ȵ˵Ķ˻صӪʱٺµѾΧסӡҶɱһֻͻ£Ҳ֪ʱȺ˶쳤˲뿴һϻʬ塣
ҶƣֻصӪʵͷ˯֪ڻȥݼ壬ҡиҪҪ
ӪУλϵŽմԵ¹°µ¹ǣƺע£ĿֻҶ׿ɨһȦ֣ͺãҽúÿˣպĪҪ㲻Сġ
ֻµһѰ⴦ɲ´»СС»ˡĵù£ҪϵùԼδ̫ò֮ȫˣҲδ̫ݡ
ҶûµĶһ°ڹڵأ£档
Ҷ֣أҲ֪²򵥣ֱӣƽ˵ɡ
£׿УξʱżȻһֻ¹׷¹ʱȴⱻɽ¡ʱǡˣȴҲ̤壬׹ɽ¡ַװ¹ֻ֪İ׶Ҫ¹ڳ׿Уξȫɱ°¹ǲ⣬ϰ¹˵أӴ೤
־һǳɣƶ̹ȴΪɫ׹һʵΣ˿ΪԷף˵˵죬ǲ֪ܽʱεأָп֮£һΣ£룡
ڵϵ׿ҶͼӴ׵ҲҪʲôа̾Ůʵ󵨣޶Ҳȥڴʱ·Ҳ͵£ƽԾʵҲоԼǱɽµġ
һͬҲڵ£ԵȷѾʱҲɽ´ظɣΣص̽飬ȷΪĺۼͽԷףпܲڴĶУ¹ش󣬲ò顣
ˣҲò̬£ཫԽܷŹ
ɫҲۿɼԽԽѿˤµĳС£Ҷ˵ʹ㣬ֻпܶڴУӪΣԼͲòˡ
Ӫаֻ֮Ħеָɫͳؿڣˣ̫
ӪʵiһͷˮմԼɼƽƽҲûʲô£֪Ϊλ̤ӪʵһҶ׿ࡢ壬Ҳµ׹һȻ顣
μʣкηԸ
彫£޽顣ʮڣһ
̫һ£ֻúͷɸѵýһȥƴǡ鸴ӵعּ²ˮʯң⡣
ҶһĻ˽ȥԼĿĺôǴˡΪԼԸʱȻڣƽĺԻصֻ¹޿
̴æسֻ˿ڣͨѩ׵¹ˣֻ¹ȻͦΣ¹Ө󣬵ȷѵһ˺֮ںչ¶Ц⣬ȷ𡣺úˣͽ޵԰ڡ
ֻ¹Ȼ֪˭ģϣǾ軨׷
鿴ȥں˲٣עŵ¼ϣ޻˵ƽɱֻϻ
ɱҳݡ
ڸλ·صŮӣմȾѪǺȴȻĿԶļĸҲˣƺ£ʤĵҶβľǿҶüĿ˳޺ȥҪĸ׺ÿࡣ
ãڿڣȻɱģǾޱ˵ΰӦ棬γһֻ¹ֻնɱһֻͻƺкһЩ޸ǳζؿ棬ο
л˵
Ѿһˣллֺ֧ϲϹ
ü¶ûп˾ˣһڿּ


18
Ƽ֮ĩ
Ҷֻ̫Ѩʹ彫׹׵֮䣬ͷ
չһЦüۼ磬ɫԻһ£ʹǳԼҲǿ֮λƽʵ飬ķڷ
帧ƴЦãεĿףƽˡ
Ӫж˼ĪⶼڸڵЦ˸µظˡ
뿪ӪԶҶл֮£лȡ
֮αл֣ΣҲŴѾȣ׿ضƽ
˭ѣ׷ʡ
ЦɫӰ
ҶвµѡȴֻҶ涣»
ˣڡЩ棬ǿɲ¡ϣȻȥˣ˺úô黹û̫Ӹ˰鰸㣬š
ȵ뿪ҹ紵Ҷŵһθܵ⣬侲
ȷȻδջ񣬵Ҳ㳹֡ΣҪı׿صǳ׵ˣ޷
Ǹһ䣬ϫµİ˳вų¶ߡ

ƽһѳ˽İԣӪֻɱͻ뾿˭ǸԷ׵֡
ֻһƧӪǸͷβûгֵˣƽذ㰲¡ǧ粨Ⱦۡ
С㡣
бϵŮһϮ£˿īż䣬ݣ޳γС
ûд̧ͷֻ΢˵ʾԷ˵ȥ
صѾϰؿʼ
ƽ׿ضѾཫˣֻˣӵͿɡ
֮еķչûīעз롣
¼׹һΣ˿ףñµ顣ѾҪ̫Ӳ鰸ʱʮ졣
֮ǰĵһͷ¹ڳݷЩãǰ͵͵ԷװǴõĽʵۡϧõ׸˻ʵۡ
īЩȤ鼹ϣܿ硣Dð¹նɱ׿أŰ¹̰ĵĴģȷͷԿҲ֮Сƽڲˣûʵ۲鰸ζˡ
ް׵ָʶĦҳϵıīʵ̫Ӳ鰸һ£ȷ΢
һ£նɱͻõ彣ѩͥ⡣
ī۽һ˲ЩܿƽҲᴫϣֻû뵽ô硣Ϊѩͥ⻹Ҷϡ
ԼڽյĴϣͬʱһͷ¹ڿԵõ£ǿҪȥ
īһҡͷȴ¶ЩӵЦΪ˲ͷ¹󻹲Ϊ鰸¹һͨ
²͸ī˼ճֻ齱ߵȴķԸ
ʺǱ߶೤ۣ̫ѵñԸ£ǶȻģᵽֿ϶뾡취ҧī¿ϣīɫͫгſ⣬⣬ʲô¶һš֮ûٴھУ˭֪᲻ЩīٳǶ
ۿīֽĿû˵Ĵ㣬ֻÿʣǿǱߡ
ʺ̫ӼȻԲ鰸һ¶ҧ˼ȻҶЭ飬໨ЩҪô֮еģī䵭ɤҳԼͼ
ɿʵܣЩѶȡҿī裬ֻƳԼɫ½ϸܵ̽ơ
˵Ǻ¡ҳīȻûаŵһ£ֻҪǵĽǵĽڡ
Ȼ²͸ԼС˼ȴ׼ԼСƢ˵ϣȻûȶءֻ£ʧӪʵİɫ

īӪо׵ˮīԶӪڷΧȴƵѹޱȡ
̴ڵعһţ޲ǵü˳лģҲҷŴǵĻ𻨾ܵȼըͰ
һȺ¹Ƥѥݺ߷ɢѩƮ䵽ص̴һ׿شİ¹ҲŪڱϣ²㣬࣡
£¶ǰķԸ׿±£취ϻ˭֪ƫƫ˸ҶҶһ˾ʹһֻϻΪ׵ŭĺæ͡
ȷҲû뵽Ҷһֻ¹ԼӣƽտȥҲӹӹµµȻɱһֻϻҲܳһ㣬ǳ⵽Ƕǳ԰׷ɽȸ֪˶ţҶȥ˵ҶȥˣͲ֪õֶΰһ𣿲ݰһȺ
ڹ˵ԩҲԩ˵ԩҲԩ֪ԼûкԩȨֻܴͷDŭ
Ϣŭ˴˶ӡ
ºƽȵɤϨӪڽƵŭţϢزС
ĵŭ𣬱黺Ͳ٣⣬ôˣ
´󡣡ֻǵɫۼҪҹɫΪһ塣
˵DҲ֪Ҫֻ̣ܰʾڵϵɢȥص̴һɢȥԼʱӹһ٣ӪڶʱֻǶ̵š
䣬Цǣһɨǰģ¶ƽʿ̬к¡
⻹ǵȵº󣬲ѰλĿ
ҹѰΪ°
ȻΪմİӡ̧ɫ࣬¿֪̫ӵ²鰸
̫ӣϢûͨ쵽ǰڲ֪ϢһȭԼϥϣֱʧ㣬ûϵ·Ҷֲ鰸
ǰеĺǳ⣬Ҳ˸߰˰ˡʹڣҲиҶ£ЩʧЦ
벻׿ؽɽλãֶΡ˴ʩƲߣʱٵһȻҲԵƫƫҪѡ׿޴ķʽ
ҶʱҶһͬڡ֪ҶĸҶȾ͵ȴʵʵűصıȨΨһŮָʲôˣϾλʱɲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ҶôҲһȥǵĶ
ģD۲塣ûиʣ¿ӦԵķӣ
ȥµ˶Ǵɾ˵ģʹ˳ŲҲϡߣȻΪ̫ܲʲô
Ƭ̳ĬĴסɿ¿֪ƫƫ̫ӵ²鰸⣿
ŵɫȥһѣҲ֣˼ǣʶҲ
ʵʹ۱£̫Ӳ鰸Ҳץסߵ¡
δ˵꣬ѾǸΰ죿
Ȼ̧˫ӳҡҷ𲻶
ԽΪˣ롣
л˵
˾˺þòּˡ
Լ彣ֵģѩͥ⡣
ֵԴڡӡܹ϶һoܹձڡ仰ΪκԴġκԴУܹ϶һܹڠ룬ܹͥһãܹķ
ĹԺлὲ


19
ƽ£
׽ˮ¥
Ʒīδɽ봬
뽭Уϸٽ߸¥ͿĻ࣬Զɽ죬֮С
ɫ
յ÷Ʊҡҷ͸ɫǰŮһͷīð滨б죬һϮǳ˿ĳȹյмյϵָȰ״ɻҪϸ֣һæ
бյü֮ǰʹңְҵˣ˵ī裬˹ָôҲñʾʾɣ
һڱоƣīŲؿڣһݽµ飬ô
һ仰ҭס棬û˵ձżЦĺ˵飬Ҳͷϣ
ЩƼ򵥵ĶܲץסҲһֻԵī֣ؽסƮ仨ַȥ
ֻ֪ϱ粻ʶȤزټʣһ˵֪飬ǡƽģǡ¡ģʮˣûκηرص˼
¥ż徻ڳⲢˡ
ī贽ٿһĨЦ˾䵭ǲЦġһҪ˵Ц˿һ㣬һ΢ĻȣȴǰЦҲޣЦЦģÿ¶ɫʱмġ
µȷȥɹκ񣬱̯˭ʰأīɫͫζעȥ𣿻⣿
ķѩຮ֮أ͸оϷһ⡣ҡҡͷȻȥء˭ȥغʲôϵ
īûлش𣬼ȻȻطԸ³ƷҶˣֱӴȥ̽ˡÿ̽ʲôˣʲôҾͺá
ֱȥˣΪʲôҪƸȦȥ治ؿα׼ΪԼһơ
鰸Ľȣ̫Ӧûȥѯīƽûɻȥ̽ˣҵݣҲʺϱ̫ӿȥࡣ
ôһȦΪ̫£ҲȲȥˣǰ㿴ī裬ͳȥī裬㲻ڲͶհɣ
δܿϣüۼƵĴݣѴı￴١ҲѲ*͸ī裬˼
ǡֹվûסٿڣǻʺԭûбҪΪ½̯ֵá
һ˵۽һ߹۲īɫԷɫ糣оƣΪҲ䡣ЩҪ㣬ڡ
ѵ¶ı飬·ڲ⵵һ㡣
Щ龡īУԷ˼͸ڰûƭ㡣
ī˵ķʽ򵥿Ĵʻ壬ӶԻþϢ˵ûƭԼȷһʵɼʹûͶգҲûͽĸֵ
ãá٣תīһָҲԣܰװѰһ
˵ʲô
ǰʱҿԪڼֻüãҲȱһֻӥϧīʵҲʵġ϶а취ѰһֻڻǵֻԼеĽצ絶Ƥë䣬ʵǲɶõӥ⼸췭ȥ͡
īעȻûҪϣɫ̧ԪڼʱδչʾӥʱҲû˿ӥ￴Ľ񣿡
ʱֻӥͻȻҳɱˡԪڼ֪ưͿͬҼƽϡЦָԼ˱ơ
ƱظϷ죬īѵ࣬һ˫ɫīӥɱ㣬档
֪¼˲Ϊ⣬ͷоƣʮκﲻ˵ʮɱңҲֹŸɱң֮е£
ڵཻ֮ķ֮䣬ĽԳƲϷʹ˵ҪȡԼҲϡ֮£ϡ
˵ǻҡβҲҧ˵Ĳ򹷡ޱ飬Ҳѿīɫ
ѿαѰ˸ˣҧ˵Ĺ˩Ϲܷʲôƾʲôɱң
ͬѼ
Լ˵ĻһҲûȥīַҲ֪īӥĶȥѰ
˫һ̯ҪԼҵӣʲô
īȻվҲûзǿĬϡ
ڴʱ¥öݣɫߡīżǰԽײ
¥żǰҰãֻһܿһ¥̨ϸݵĺŮӣɴ̣תʡ̨ϯãȲʱµһǧ磬Ӱתף˼硣
ݽڣ񷿡˳ָŪĲң
īӵĺȲŬŮӵֻŮʵ˵ãһס˼ߣҲȷ̨ʢ
ſںŵŮۼ⣬֪˲õĹͣī¥ԣæܵ¥λĹöһÿαݶΪǧѼһ氡СɣĹࡣ
ģ׽Ƭ̣ǵ򢣬ĳӨ׹񡣳ϴĨЦЦĻȣʤʫ¡һţ֡ϧֿտգֻЩ֮
īóƱЩ͵Ϊյıˡ
ŮӹƱ֣ͷҲ۲ֱͰ͵ʣС㣬ЩЩǸĹ𣿡
īֻ򢣬嵭һǧҲü۲ˣϣĹﲻҪЦǡ
ŮĿİӹһҲûĿƱǧл¥ºīתصżڣƽīɫͫһĵĮɢŲڻ˪
ǰſڵһĻ濴Уī׷ʣ˶Ǯ
Ǯƶѣٶһ֡īûش𣬡һݵķʽѡ
Ȼ֪īΪʲôԾ¥ͷƸȤ֪׷Ҳīʲණǻ˸˵ĹߣҲǮδ̫ӹЩ
ָᵯأյ漴ӳڱеҲ֮ɢΪ¥Щ﹫ӣûڿ˼Ȼ¥ǩĲվ벻ֻܾҪǮλ¥Ȼҡ
֪꣬ǱǮƻǱۣ¥ЩҷȻǱȲ˵˾ġƾ˾īٳǵҪ¥ͷҲƲ¡ī費Ը˵ºܶ࣬Ҳʣֻϵ⡣
Ȼ¥һϣ죬żŮˮѣȣӯӯһݡ̧ʱɴݣֻ¶һ˫ˮͫǳüۺ顣
СŮģ˾ˣཫ
л˵
˺ܾãڵĳˣϲһ


20
¥ڼ޷Ǽ벻ߣݲӲѡ
ĶīٳڵԹ󲢲ð˵ڰ¥ȨĴӦȾЩµµȴ޽ϣСټԼ˾̫ࡣ
෽ǣΪ˱λûλǵвƽһλ¥ɹʶľʶƽ¥жǹһǧȴûһ˽¼ġ
¥ڹµĳȥ¥żĹʱԸλ˾ŽǿѵõĹͣ˵ż˵ʱûٶԣԼصñȥ˶¥
Ҳףûʲôߣûʲô֣¥ڼ޷Ǽ벻ߣݲӲѡ
¥żдͣھ߳һƷʱнʯҲֻ˵İ衣
αϵ˿룬۽˵Ц⣬ȴкĹŲһһᡣ
ŮӺɫۣ°ڶа˿ߵ꼣ĵüֱǵ
ĵһ۾Ͳµ˰ǺգֻԶ档ڰ¥֣īٳڽ֪ཫۻҲ¥ĳͣǰҲй֮Ե
ػЩȻźĲţ󷽣һЦܼĵҡ
෴㷲ģǴ˿ڴ߱Ůӡڷī˸ϸʱƮڴֱʤѩа÷񳡣
˿ԴƮ뷿䣬Щ΢⣬Ĳɫؽñø֡
˳־ڴʱϴ飬αϵҲڴ˿ת
ʱɣοˮīüۡβһ㼸ԲЦ⣬ɫ嵭һgڵѩղ¥һлáյüĹ㲻С
Ĳûº͵ɣ෴ָºۡ
ӼīٳǼļ˾ԴȪȻԼ˾֪֮٣ȴҲ֪˾䣬˵ֽ֮ءֲóֵطˣһǧҪԼȻΡ
ʱɫȻƽͣǵǳЦֻβһ顣ڵͬѩӵĺʯ峺ȴŲ⡣
˾˵īٳ˲֪ǰǰŪֵרһǷü۵ʹܿīߡ
īٳ΢ŵģ֪˾黭ǰѼš۹ǣⷽۡ
հ¥ûм˾̸ֻֻ֪֣ѶѣĹﲻؽšǵСīУֻʾڶλá
Ļδش𣬾治мЦ㵯٣Ҳ֪
ͨȻҲ֪˾Ҳţ֮ʶīӦ
Ŀϣһֳգɫյһμī裬ھͿʼ˵ˣſóȷ֪
ĻýλԵò֪룬оԼһպ죬֪λӦĵ٩
ڴ˿żҲתī費֪ʱѾڵٰǰֲҡ¸ȣŰĵ˲Ծذ
ָͣһء
ʮָ޳ÿһβⴺתС
ʱ֪īٳйؼ˾յ۶Ǵԡڰ¥֮˸ңһֶ
һϣī费δж飬ָֻĦҡϧˣƷԲ
ֵֻ˼򵥵Ҳ֪īڡ֪ϸӡӯӯǷҵ֣СŮҲֻ׳Ժͼ˾˵λЦˡ
缱꣬С˽
ֲң̡׼ȷصīͬɫԽУ
īĿͣĲҵָʸᴹ˫רע㱿ȥģ
ͣīۡϿңԴģȫȻͬﳣЩӵܿշĹά
ȻԼ֪
ĵ˼īʱŮ״ؿڣĹָӦƽһɡ֪ʦӺˣ
һѹ
ĳ΢ѧ˻شõģǲǼĸƵðˡ
ŶĹ֪ɫ˫̳ܽŮزǷף΢īɨһ̸ֹбй㡣
һԣĵǴЦֻЦɴ¿С
ĳ߹ֽ֮أɫΪˣ˿ӦԼλԼ࣬ͬżеˡ
δԣֻһ䣬ҵ䣬ֵһᡱɷϸϸŪã̧ͷԾܲס˾ƽȴӵĿ⡣
ͬī˽˵Ȼ֪Էʲôԡ

ȵڴӰ¥ʱĺɫѳϸʪǰʯש޳ָſʮǵֽɡɡ÷񳣬ɡϣž졣
겻ͣһɡཫīֳɡ̴ӡ
ֻӹī̴ӵֽɡſȴڳɡ׼ĻеīϡܲˣСպڶϣΪʲôԴҩһһŮôڣ
ԷŲһͣޱ飬ż֪µ˶ļѡ
˵ǣܺŪҲνԼƭСĴ𰸶Ԥ֮Уû˽ת෴ķȥɡջ㡣
īδԣʮǵֽɡ꣬ûĻ֮С
ڶ¥ע뿪ںһϧ˼ͬȱˮһŤӣקסĵ°ڣģ˰ֻҪסͣҡǮ
Ź⣬촽һһϵ⶯񰸰̰Ҫȴ㡣
ڽռ˾һǧĺУѾƮƮȻΡҧ꣬ڿڣǽռ˾
˶ֳѽ֮ǰǵԼ˵ˡɲġȫûע⵽ֹ飬߶߶Ҫþȫסλˣ԰ֺȻʲôƵģˣϴǩһѾ쵽ˣҸʱˣġ
¥СѾæǰæؿʼƣ¥ֽƻֽͨԷ硣յյĲȴղü۵ͶµӰ
л˵
ָͣһء׾סҹݡ
ϲĻԵһղһ£ġ


21
Ľɫ
³
ɽ迪ʢǰյӭ˻ڡڴߵŮǡз棬֦Ѿϵɽ軨ʹǰٿȻʧɫ
ɫ⼸ҶòһЩƤˣ޴󰭡ǰհıͣӦңڣ̬ϺáҲǽմһµĺվˡ
ԺõϢȥҶ֪ЩŵĿ˲òеǿҪӦ
˿ڿǰֶ
ǰϥǣⶥԼֶӵ䡣׿񱻴˼ǵһóһװĽгʸҶ
ǸһЩƷҺ徫ϸѡҩģϣտ
Լֶɱķԣ׿ԶֻЦݷÿһǿƣãȬҲЩʱգҲͷˡǿֶо֮ؾˣǶӦлݶ顣
λﴺ飬ǳϿҵҶ񣬡ûпȣǺѻ¿Ц׿Ⱳһӣ׿ϵЩҪϾڴˣ
Ҷ۽ǺЦչ׿صϵĽУλһĶжϵǰ׿𣬼Ȼ˺ȣ֮֮Уαл׿ӣǰѾʣ˲ᣬⲻʱ䣬˿ˣ
׿¶ԼлűĴȣ˼£ģӹǻȥ޴󰭣ٹã
Ǿͺã׿ְҪע⣬ĪҪʲô˲Ӱ;תպãֶΪ²裬ˮȻͬҳˡ
׿ѾȻҶõĲˮ׿Զֻ̫ѨͻͻֱƽʲôݣһУξʲôݣ裬Ҳֵؾͽӹ
ҶȥƽʧΪԼλغյ²衣ͷβǸ̬صȴŶ淢
Ϊ׿λݷãֻǵΪԼġ
ȵյв˰յ׿Զ̲ס˿ڣֶ˵֮ǰһΪ˳ҡ˼ȥֶΪ²ǵ˲죬һССУξҪصĳң֪ʲôͷ
Ȼʵ⡣
ҶɫȻ׿Զվ̫һҲʲôܣ֪̫ӵ̬ȣ׿Զ˷ˮǳ̬ԼȻҲûҪ̹ϡ
׿Լ֪ҲżȻ£˽ࣿ¶УɫȻ⣬Ѿ̫ӵ²鰸Щͷ
Էĵؽ͵ߣ׿Զ˳ˮ۽ӹ̫ӵ½յ鵹ЩüĿȱ֤ݡ˼һǾӦѯһΪ˵ĿʱҲǽˡ
Ȼ׿ֶݷõĿġҶװȵģ̫ӵ²鰸ҪѯֱӴȥǡαͼ̫ӵ԰ݷá
̫ӵ**Ҳſ˻δ
׿ԶĻû˵꣬ŮݣҶ̫á׿ԶɫصӦ̫ӵ¼ݵֶ˾Ͳ߶ˡ԰մ׿ǡ
ҶֶſڣýӼ̫ӵ

Ҷ̫i޹ӡ󣬼һֱǳĬԵģ̫֮λļӳ֣Ӧ۵ǸǸҫ˵ĵܵʹŻȥҲһƽƽĸӵܡ
Ϊʵ̫ƽӹڻʵ۰ŵһЩò֮⣬ҲûбĴҲһżԵɣ̫ǳҰ£̫ûд㣬ҲǶҡ̫֮λġ
֦Ļȣi۽һֱƳԼ벽ԶҶдãڿڵſǰڴˣ֪ˣ
л¹ģѾõòˣ޴󰭡ش֪iݷܲǹƵġ
ǾͺãҲЩƷ뿤֪ΪΣҶܾþƺԷμѹһͷֱӡ
ֱڣiܣǽϹһװϸֻʷپȴδʣǺ˵ֻ
ص£ҶױʡǽϵֻҶȻϤ̻ش
iȻͷԭ򱱺ױʣʱ꣬ԭ򱱺
Ҷ֪Ϊʲô۲ϲԼˡǴǺЦ׵̫ʵʶ棬ȷ򱱺֪֮Ҷһû
شˮ©ƯҶ˵⻰i͸ʹĸԼʻʱδʲôֻ˵ҶǸʶʡĵˣԼīٳʮҲֻһҶŮ֪ڹ̸ֹiҲĽɫ
˳˼ֱ⣬ö˵Ϊ˴һ²鰸Ҳеˣʱʲô֮
һµʼĩҶѾ˸˾Ųʮûд㽫Լ֪ĺгȻִҪ۲鰸Ѿ֪iɴԼͶ̫ӡƻδˣɲվӡ˵״ӿɴСDΪͱ粵䣬Ҳ˼˸ѵ͢ΪһССУξȥطΪӵ
һ˼ҶòʣҺ׿УξΪɽ±һ̤յɽ£±ߵʯǱΪֽš̫ӵ¿вʲô
iҲǱסµͣҶһ̽͵˵ǿɽѾ̽ȷбΪɵĺۼҲԷյֵĻ̴Ӿһѡɵһˡеͬ磬ϸ˱ҲɸɾֻһҧʱѾʶǹͬԷֵ
ҶĲɵЦ⼸С£ȻǰǵıɾģЩʱԱӣ̫Ӳʲôi̽˰˼·һʼǴġ
װգǿд׿Уξ˼֣ǲǳ񣿡
iһ̾׿ƽܲʲôҪصĳң˵Ϊɽһְйϵ۸ӣжɵʵ̫࣬ûʵ֤ݡ
i⻰˵ĵҲɽǸ෽Ҫķʲжʵ̫࣬ƾȥҧϼѡ
л˵
ϲµĻղһ£ķǳҪġ


22Ʋ
侴ȴҲΪҶ١
iأੲݵ߶β鰸ѣҶͨ콫ΰӵ˸
ȵiͷʹˣҶ״ؿڣȻӻһΡ
i͵̧ͷǳڣƾҪץסһץסҶˣʲô
»ǵñ½սԺֻ¹ô
Ȼǵãֻ¹˸ʼյĻģԼɫֻոʾûȤˣԺڵκһֻһ㡣
Ȼǵá
ֻ¹ϸҲΡ׿Уξ䵽ǸɽͻĳѨжڻѨεһͷ¹һͷ˵¹ôڻѨԣ
i˳Ҷ˵ϸϸ˼һҲšüͷ쳣˼ǣ¹Ǳ˷Ƕģ
ֻд˲²⣬֤ݣҲԡҶֻ˵ûͱԷı̫Ӳ鰸ķʲô£Ҳ̫ӵԼģڹ˦ϣ̫ӻǵԼİ
iȻǿҶ̶̼仰ƣֻéٿ⼬ֵİԼǰԳһƬҲû˼ںҶףлҪض鰸
i˾Ҷ⣬Цݵ

溬Ц̫ӺҶھ⼸һ£ֻ⼸վϢϷתʱҶҡ䣬Ůӵ½бڻ˴С괦¿֦üʣƽռѼᡣ
Ҷæͣ½ŲôˣתͷֵؿŮཫôҲţ
Ůδ۰˰֣޷عġƫƫòɣ˵㸮йҲôţһʱҲ޷հհպ򱱺
ǵȻˣϾīָҪڽ̫鰸ʱݷá
ǰ򱱺īٳڵȷʢʱΪҪհҶٶǻϾ򱱺Ҷһ棬ٹպգѪս˪룬ð̤˵ഫ˵ʷ˿Ҷżо֮䣬Ҳ͵͵۵ʱ޵Ĺ¡ҶȨѫɽ֣ĺϧе줚[̸ҫźһ
˲Щ貵¡
Ҷ٣ҶɫҲįֻ࣬ʱ꣬²֪˶ٴΣûٵĺۼˡ
ΪհΡ̧ۺǺЦţ֪˿㴺ʱСѩķˡ
۵ȷҶԤϣڲ죬Ტۣδ̫ˡ
ҶѹͣմȨԼīٳⲻ֪ʱܳͷӡ˵ǲФࡣ
治ΪȻȻô룬Ǳ
ҶĲͬ˵侰ȴҲûΪҶٵǶܾ棿ΪԸӦͬǿ˫赵ңȤ
ңԸüͷ𣬡ʷǼʣֻڱЩºҰʷǶ˵ҰսʬδѰأ彣Ҳ֪٣Ҹʱ򣬶Ƿһˡߣһᾰʢսˡ
ңۣҶа޳ǺձǵЦԿɬЩͬ˵˵Ҳûϵɱڼ˾ǰҲ˵
浹ҲܲµһҶ˵Եɣô˵ңīģ
ȻǣȻԸңЩ汲£Ҷֻ*̣Ըֻۣ
Ȼˣǲ̸ҲաҲƳüۼɬȻ˳ˮۻӦ
ΪλӡĺˣҶī趼꿪汲££⸱üģʱ˶ѫƮҡߵֽҲҶīҡһҾҵҵְ˾һѪر߽ŻƬ̰
Ͼ߹Ϸ롣
Ȼ֪ȥʲôȻЩùͷʶȤػ˻⡣
һһģصĿáóõгʸҶŮʱҲЩ˵Ķ̫Ӻ׿Ӧô˸ҩҲÿµһͺá
ĶīǱ׼ģǮҲϣҲۣȻԼ̵˳ˮ飬Ϻ
˵ϿңҶȻҲƾܣͷʾŮ²衣
²ɵǰյг澡ܲͨҲᵽ㡣пԷľ£īٳΪӣȴ㲻ƶ
ϸϸƷ˰յ裬Ҷ״ؿڣ̫Ӳ鰸Ѿʹˣ
Ȼ沢δҺȥѾȵ׿أ̫Ȼһʼǡ
֪˵Щʲô
֪в裬ְе໨յ̫ͷӬһײ϶ûʳʲô
ˣȻ̫ܺʵֻ˵ʲô󵼵̫һֱԷǼ类ɾ˵
̫Ӳ鰸ʱ䲻ˡʱ䣬ӿɴСϾһûıĲһССУξбǣ˵һùӡ̫ٲ鲻ⰸӶ෽߶һ£С»˾ˡ
̫Ӳ鲻𷣣ü벻ͨΪʲôīҶ˶ôġ
Ȼ̫ӣ̬ǲϣɹӹ鰸ҶڶһվӣϾȥֻܱõĳ̶ȡôҲ㱻ǣȥˣҲɡŪŻش
ǻ治˵óҶıܻ䣬ⰸ̫Ӿ鲻ҲҸ򱳹ģǲֻ֪ôù
ô˵ʵȴһȫνӣҶĽ˵ģ
˺һҶע壬ȻӦÿֱͣ뿪Ҷע⵽ɫȻ
һĶԻü΢¶įɫһߵڼ䣬ȡǽҵ彣
׵ĽʻƼӣδйװΡ罣У谵ڶʱ°⣬Ҳӳ˪ɫ
עнŽ⡣
ѩҶ٣һô
վǽʹһǽ棬˿Լ˳ִСҽεҩ͵ҩģǾȻ̵ҩ׼ÿһݶϸϸעĿ÷ʵϸġ
ǣҩ¾Ȼ˸УСĴ򿪣ֺоȻǰڷľ¸㣬ʨ״һڽиڡһڣϸڸжӵ
һīٳθֱʡ
ҶĲ죬ȷϲҸ̵֣Ӧǲ֪һġ
ңȻҲͬЩֵˣԼ˽⣬ӦҲûϸµּǵô̵ҩܼǵԼļҵĸ㡣
п飬Ҳû쳣͵
л˵
ǰһߡ
лĻӦǵһдɡ̫Զ¾Ͳˡ


23
ǶΪԼóԸ
Ҵˡ
ƿī跿ţƹڸɫϣڿǰŮ˿αᣬ޳ָһӨǩָƯشת
ôˣīͷҲδ̧Է
һīһյķ֣ʲ鰸أҶǵƤˣ淭˸Ǻû·ֿô֪ƺûС
ǩָͣ٣ī̧ۣҡҷµһ뱻ƻһûӰУƽδ֪Σա
棬ĵطҹܲˣϲţͰͷٽī
ģоζԶȻ֪ȴҲ˵̬ȡ¿ɫش𣬡ǰܵľЩƤˣЩϸҩûϹúʲô¡쿴ɫõúܣӦûʲôˡ㣬㺰ȥ̽ôһ仰ˣ
ī費ַһҳ飬׿Զֶ̫ȥ鰸ֲʲôϡ£õҲܴ̽
ǲ鰸ĽҲˣ
Σ̫ǱֻþȫҧƵᣬһȴ´ͷβ͸
ֵƤЦⲻЦɫصīˣȥʲôأ
īֱ̧ӣҹĵǣ̫뿪ʱΣҶΣ
īΪʲôҪ⣬滹ǻһ̫ϲɫæģƺҲܲ˳Żƶϣ̫ôˣѲҶ˵ʲôؼĶҶôʲô
īζع𴽽ǣ˵ǶõԼҪĶ䣬ǸԶôΪ
벻ףҶ̫ô˫ӮȻҲ벻ףΪʲôī£нŪʲôơܶ࣬ҲЩԼ֮Ӧ°ˣӦҵĶǵ취
һ뵽濪ھҪֻӥīֻͷۡ˼˰ţʶûٶ£ֻһʾ֪˳ʣˣҪҪţ
һͷҡ˹һĳĲˡ
ⱲӲܺīĿζͬô˵ʳܰ͹ѵֽȻ෴Ŀζһ
ī赹Ҳ㡣
ɨһȦ棬ī鰸ϾȻѵðһ㣬һʨ״ǿɰҲû˳־һ鳢ζ
һī軹δ潫ºſʣζΣ
ζĿڸУش𣬡θĸھЩҵҲúܺõƷζȻ
ظ޶ԣϲЩȥ
ôһһظ·˳ȥˣԼų԰ɣζͦġ֣ˡ
ֱ뿪˷䣬īһҧһСڡ
óЩû̫ȤֻǳһڣƺҲѳԡ
ڰĽ뿴ԼСѵ²س㣬صȴī꣬ϸϸȥָмС㡣
ˣīɫºͣȥ鲻
СķԸ֮ǰڳް¹Ǽ˶ѾǾҵˣǵѰֻ¹۶ҸüǮ˭֪ݴʷԽֺЩǮѹȥٱԽת
ҽأ
ЩѾ޺ˣʺǱֻҪҽ¹ˣ׾ͻᰴǸҵǡС˵ǣѾһһ̸ǣʺǱߵǾͻ˵ٽ¹д̣ҧϡ
ī谲Ž°ǸǩӨϸǩָתյӫ
ǼѰ¹ũͷβ֪ǵݣǸԽǵļҲƴˣʩǲʲô¶ˡΪһʧҲͬ˵һʺǱ߱ݣͷҧǻʺʹҪɱ
꣬۽СĵƳīɫΪԼСķԸ˵ˮ©
Ǳû⼸ˣ˼Ƭ̣īʡ
δǱߵ˽նڴºͶߴ㡣ͷ¹ǳݴʷģԳǱߵܲ
أīϸϸ˼ܵı
żȥһЩΪ˱¶ˣҲ߶뻹ȫز䣬ոǿǵҲܼ
ԣī輫ЦһѾ̫ƭת
һ⼸ղ鰸̫ͷӬģȷǱƭתˣ̾ĲЩ춼Ķȥд̵֤ݣʺǱܻҺõġ
Ȼ뵽ֻˣЩСһֻȥָʻģȴ˵Ʋݱ䵽˵زԼ̰ᣬޣֻ¹ȥɱ׿أŪɳ׾ץס©DǸڼĴһѾĹ滮Ͻ̣Ҳ÷ֳྫ
Ǳ״Σ
ɫԱǱߵߴϢ߾áȥ궬챱ѩ֣κȱʳؽӣҶѡسǲսйϢκ˵˼κţ񿪴ѾھĹҰͱ֪ʲô㡣
īѾóͼָ̯ڴؾĹҰϣҰѵõޣ֣觴УʺͱʱܿսĽࡣ
ǵģϢʵˣʶںֹ֪ۡڹҰıҶϱҲֻԼ
еǩսģĦǩϿ֣īѵôʣڿڣҶܶսԼԸǲܣ
˼Ƭ̲ī軰к壬ߵףܣ֪ҶЩлͳҲϢصú˽ĺ״Ρ
īĬõע뱱κı߾ӳīɫͫ𲻶ĹµơǲԸǲܣѾڽ͢ʩѹˡ̬ȣֹۡ
κʱһֱԭͷ󻼣ǰƳع۳ʱǿȨκҲǴƽعʢԭ£ʱ˳ҹϷֱսҲܹ˼κ˶ӡֱҶִƽʱڰ⣬κͣ١ٵ򱱺Ҷܷرأʱǿʢల¡ʽ΢κ
Ҷһڱ꣬Ҳ뱱κ֪꣬¶Ѫ׹ǡ
Ψһλô޷⣬ɡ
С㣬лһ¡ԼµȻڡ
֤ݣǻɣڼ顣
л˵
ݱȽҪϢܴ


24
򾩳ǵһ¥¥
īٳǾ֣޸ۣͨȸţͨ˴ǾĽֱֵߵĵһ̼ͷλ֬޵ʯ棬ٵ¥ջֶķͥС
ڲ׽ˮǾֽԵķأδɻ̡˻ƽĵضΣȴһֱľ¥¥ռݣƾ滻һһ磬¥ԿȻ
¥е滨Իѩ΢𡣴˷¥ƣ¥еĿ˽ԻĽһյ
¥иߴżڶԴٷ߰ǽ䣬**ȸţѰ¹ɽ٤£˰ɽɾ۵ף˲̾Ǿһ¥˷ضλƫƫռõĵơ
ڵضϰ״ɹƣокõʹϹΪյþƣϰ¥жѩƷ
αŮӶյ㣬һڣ֮ǰĶѩ˷ظʣζǼ˹𻨣
ϰӢæعάƷ˹ۣȵĻٷű飬Ʋˣǹ۲죬¥еĹﶼƷ
βһĨЦҶҲûĿ佱Ҳȣ´־ơ
ϣҼˡ
һƷоƣһž¥ĽҶָЩҪע֡
⣬˱ͷǰϰģµĿ
Ҷ˱˱ϰ׻ˣò٣üȾЦ⣬ɫ㲨١
¥˵ضλƽľ¥ûЩֶȻǺµġλڱ߾ǰҶ֪ϢҪԣ¥ھµİ׮¥˳ϢͨȻ꣬࿿µߡ
¥ϵƹһһΣϰʼǻȻٲʽ֧֣¥Լ棬ҶھǻĽǮԴ
Էµ˱ҶµĿǳ⡣˶ĿʱЩȤԱڵȺ򢣬֪͡ЩʲôϢɡ
껽͡ԭֻīٳǽֱ˵Ҷ¾һլԺȴٳٲ֪լԺ˭Ѱʱ⸽֣լԺǻԱµģΪԱķһֱӣĸȨƣֲ檣⾩͵͵˸ҡ
ûɫͷͷǵԱʱŻ͵͵⴦լԺѰҶһ֪ĳջԱһܣԱҳٳӣʵǰҲʡ͵ĵƣÿγŲ㣬ӶԼ⡣˳˴ҹвȥԱ˴̹Щ߻ңԱҹŶ
ΪϢˣԱ⻹ָЩӶסҵ죬ɱŮ˸ЩӶ⴦լԺҶ¹ѰλԱˡ
Ҷýζ˿ձ֪Щʲô
ְȰȽʵԱɵĹְҲӵҳǮģԱЩ꣬ڻ̵ˮûڹٳϴͬ˾öࡣÿ⴦ԺңҪԹһ˶ӣķ
ɫһ֪İԣҶǸ˲ţ·۹۰˷ԼǸеɫˡȡֻ͡д֣ڷ¥ꡣÿҲ𣬿˶మܰϢֳػÿҶʱܰھ¥Ϣϸһһ֮ҶΪ⣬˷¥ϵƹ̽Ϣ
͡һתʼҶ˵İԣӰ㡵߷С檵ϰնԼļҴ
ҶỤ̄һֻŵ͡꽲ϢȻϰ壬һҪ顣
ţ
ֱҶĿ̧ͷص˵ڰ¥ĹǩһԼѾҪˣٳûкͰ¥Լ
ΪʲôûĵҶȻ˵ַ֮²ȤҲûô˽λǵŮӡ
˵ΪԷֳɲ⡣͡ȳһ˶ơ
˶ֳɣĵķֳɻҶԾüͷ¥ð˳ɣɣ
ھ׷ĳ̶ȣҶΪӦǰ¥׷û뵽Ȼ˺ĵİ˶ֳɡתһ룬Ĳ¥īٳȻԼŵͿɽƽȣĲû¥ʵ
˵ΪʲôҶָⲦŪ̵飬йܴӰ¥õķֳɡ
ɵϰ壡͡öţյҶƤӵˣĹﲻͰ¥ԼӰ¥Ǯ٣Ƕ໨ǮͰĹڹˣ㲻ͷ۰¥ֱӰǵͷڹˣ
͡⻰˵Ĳ¥ȷǷ¥ľ֣¥ڲ׽ˮϣиԵ˼ֻīٳЩ¥ķ̻ǳиİ׮Ҫǵȵ࣬͡ǵһ۵⡣
͡Լϰƺ޶ԵģּĹ⼸ղأǰЩӼ˾ཫȥ˰¥ҲΪһǧ𡣡
Ҷ͵̧ͷҲӵһߣϰ嶪ֻ׷㽲𾢣ôҪ飬㲻ͬ˵
͡һཫƯһǧҲʲôϡ¡
棬Ҷɫ֣أǼ˾Ϊʲô˾ȥ¥Ϊһǧ㲻𣿡
͡ʶԼҲС࣬ȷʵ˵йĵȻû˵ݣܾܿǼ˾
īƽ͵Է֮»ȤˣΪɫʲôȤ֮ǰѲѾԼʱҶ;ڰжԼĳı
īĸȤô˱ļֵҶʼȨ͡Ľ顪뵽¥ī軹Ϊ¥ĵĻ˵ȷͼıܳ¥ҲԼ˽Щʲô
ô룬͡Ľ鵹ҲҶ빫׷ǵС˼ֻ۱ָֻۣ˱͡ī裬⣬˵ϢҪ޾ϸ֪
͡а԰ĺīٳǰԵ۵ԴͷϢ٣ⷴǴ廨ŷֲ١īĽɫϢ˲ص̫ãżи紵ݶҲǲ׽ӰԡҶѰ˸
ϰ忪˿ڣ޷ƴǵġϣһٸģ
һ¡Ҷ˫ֽ֧򢣬˳۽΢סǳɫȻ˶ֳɵȷģīٳǵʹˣҲһʲСĿһ֪ĵǮںδ
л˵
滨ȡѩԴڣ滨궫һѩü
ֺ䣬Ӱˡ


25
ϵɷٲñӡ
յİ¥ƽҪ徻ࡣҶ¥ʱһ¥̨ϾȻѵð²裬һȣǰһϮʱ˽Ͽ
ֻ۽һɨҶȻȻĲڣЩӵһ룬һЩɢɢɢڸʱ顣
ҲΪĽĲڰ¥ڣǰ¥ϰԣþ¥ͷСӦĳλͰɡ
ʱյУڿҶʱ䲻ʶˣƳ׺Ľҡ°幤տܽػʱ֪Ǹ󡣶ɫӭλС㣬¥ڿɶż䣬ҪЩʲô
Ҷ¥ڵӲͨ벻ǮȨԼͬѡīͬķʽĿư׻Ʊͱĵ˳У£Ĺһ档
赱ƱεĿѣһ߰̾ô˾ֻǮȴĽɫһ߸пﵽҲ֪Ķ츻ЩӾ˶ĹŶҪ
Ҷ⼸ƱҲ˿ʹġϾ֪Щܴļֵ˵ֵһᡣ
а̾Ҫ¥˶ֻǮʵǺ£϶ȴպƱ¶һɫΪѵǲɣе˽£Ҫһˡ
˽£ǸпͬīһˡҶɫ¥кƣĳ޵٣۽οһĨЦ󣬱ǿĵǹɫ
޷Ƭ̡
ЦŮҪӭλͽ¥ããȥżЪš
ʱ̨ϵ˵һľľ˵ʮ£һʮ꺱Ĵѩ˪ս£ֻвפصڣҲǵ
˵Ĺ¹һȤҶŲԻͷҸ¥徻Щż䣬顣

ˣȪˮк޳ָң۽͵ƳһпŮ̴ľ÷¯лգļƣüĿ࿴Сٰڷ䣬²Σˮīп˶ɫ꼡
Ĳ֪ī辿˯ûУڳ֮īѰΣһµһǧȴҲһֻżڱĿżļ䡣
һμ棬ֻü˾Ѱͼıī£ΪԷȷʲô˼
⼸ī趼ֻǰ࣬Թģǰ뷨ֻǴѭͻصԭ㣬˾ȲȱǮƣҲͼԼɫԼõʲô
Ϊ´īСҲûѡƵݻɫԽתѡ˹١
һƵβһӸѡһ֧ʱȴϵŮڣǰֻĹãû뵽һ
ָһƣջֻ֣״ڼ˾ǰŪεۣ˵Цˡ
ԷƱձͲ侩һЩҡī۳Ͽңģʱ϶衣
ߣԡаҲĴЦɬȻǿһ㻡ȣĸ٣ŪգһЦѡ
м˸ʱΪеǣĽīһֳŶǣ̬ǰʥ˴Ҳ΢ĩūȴһ໹磬ģʥ֮
īԣĵЦȴǿɬʥȡ˾˵Ц
ī費ҲǿܰοġĿüĿ΢չ԰׼ĵȴѵᡣüۼƺŻ֮ȥĵɫ롣
ӿԵѵֿڵʥԪگȥūϣмʥһˣ
ī̧ۣĹǼū
*Ǽū͸¥ǩˡЦī衣
īȻ˵ԼǼǱȻ׽֮Ǽ֪˵ʲôձɷһΪ÷Ϊøġ
ϸָק壬ûκתأʹӴһ޹
ī貢δֻ̬ɷԣΪūʲôĹѫǱ׿ϡ
ĴȻɿɫ԰ףѵЦĻᣬһӣллὨҵŮǼֻΪ潼ˣ³Цһ
ʹɫݣīûʲô飬ƽЩ·Ҳȥ㻧ĹԱһ·ѰīɫͫĿζҪõʹĹҲҪڰ¥ڿҿҹꡣ
֪˵Ĳ̾ϢҲ߲Ъܸı伸أ
ĦO@ԭϵŮ֪ʱߵǰƵȹǣһţȻīһơӰסչ⣬ŨصӰͶȸ˵ĻǾֻһ취ˡ
ỺѩββƳƻ׹뺣ϵɷ޼ū֮֡

ڴл졣ҶؽеĽ¥˵˿ڲ裬ǰĹ¡
Ҷٴʮ򾫱פڽı߾ƹءʮʿľ񣬿ν񲻿ɵټ֮ƹԱĽռ˸ߵĵƣϷʱ˺ͣУһսʤȯաȻ˴ھǣжţСʵҲʲôһ룬ְ׼һս
еСʵۣҲձҶпܣνսʤôԪˣ¹ԭعǸʽ΢ǽͷݣ¾Ҫڽ֮֡˭˲֪ǸûʵȨľż˵Źڽǹ鵽ҶУʤҶڳǣλ˳ηͣٽһԼãҲˮɡ
СʵԽԽǲҶٲھУЩʲôʱضҶٵߣЩʲôҲڵ졣˼ȥ˸Υڵľ
Ҷ٣Ȱ⣬СʵǸ֪ʲôʱͻͱż䴫̸֮ܿѹ
ϧҶ˵΢һڵһüֻɫضյһյ
¥˵ҽƹһսѾ˲죬ڵĽ̸֪ƹһսҶʤˣ¾ûнյĴˡ
л˵
ߣԡаҲָʫһ
ףҳϦ֣ƽ
ϲĻԵղһ£


26˫Ӯ
ֳɣ㲻⣿
ҶٱϾһ͵׷Ĺ󳼣óȻʵۣⱻڸżһȥϳЩڣǰˡ
ƹʱʮ򾫱Ϳɱؽݡʵ۲Խ˵ԽߣǷ߷ˤ¾Ʊѵ졣
Ҷ˵棬óȻһҾƱǰһյеĽҲСǵ㡣
ӣǲСľŵˣǸ
𣬶졣ŮӲ뷿ӯӯǷһ˫һۺˮǳСŮģ
޷ݣĺձáҶ֣ʾͺá
ƽҪӦĹͶ࣬ͷĽɫжܶϺţȴûôλݹÿڲͬʱص㣬ҪͬƤݣĴ໰ֻҶ¡
ʱ¥µ˵ƫƫƹһУҶٵפͻϮܵʱӪܴ֮У߳ȴһϣԸٽֻ»طֽ⡣
¸ս߳Ȼֹ¥һƬԹ֮۽ҲԾƳ¥£ƺȤ
ĹĹ£ϸ΢Ķ䵽ҶС
ֻǺλνЦЦش𣬡ϾʷֻƹһҶٴӴʧ֪꣬ںδҰʷ˵硣˵ȴ书ܱ
˵ȷҶʧٵʷûκμأҰʷпգʲô׵İ汾óҶ죬Ƿ糾Ůӣȴʷ̸оٶׯǰҲĳС㣬糾
ƽͣҲûҰʷôףֻǵʱưմʱⷢ˽߾춯ҵ˻Ŀ˾ī磬̽˽ȷڼҶ١
ˣɫȥԭƫǳɫҲȵմī̸ϵƹʱֻ˹ܴƴȫҲֻǾȳ˵Ҷ٣ԽսҲΪ꣬Ҷٶعӳ
ٺݣͶʷмһƹزҰܣʮݽʧҶ۽ɱ䵳𣬶ȨջȨսҲԪˣʮһ¹µʵŽľƽ̸α̾Ľ֡
Ĵδ˵Ĺ£üͷݹ˵Ĺ£δκ
ܿҶЦݣƿĹﵱҰʷ¾ͺã汾Ӧñʲô˾书Ӵ˫ҪһЩ
ģ˵£Ȼ˵򱱺Ǳư˾µ˲죬ϸմī籾ҶҲûпܡˣӯӯһݣңԹ˵ô࣬Щ׽ӰĶʲôӣ
彭¡ͺá
ҶֻӣʱֲòпΪγйжļ׷ɫһ֪֮ʲôⶼܲɫӹɫ˫Ӧ
¥ȷ˿鱦
һգС̧Ҫ۲ҶɫԷ֧ãĿδԼƿչУڻ͸Ө󣬽۵׵Ц̳˷顣
Ĺһֵǧ𡣡
ƵĿޣ࣬޲Ȼǰλݹ˾ҪЦ࣬һ͸Է۾ԼĨζĻȡ
ˣһǶ˵ʧԣԡ
ݹ˵Цһֵǧﻹֻšҡ
Ĺ÷°ɣ¥еĸ㣬ҶȫȻǵԳװһֵĴյǰһȻֵǧֻǧ𣬶˱˵Ŀڴ
ͬһǰǰûйЦЩҹѰ֡ңھҺӳпֻԼάļЦ˿ֻѰѰһиģͷһΡ
ԷãȴûнӹҶװŸĴյףԷǰ仰ֻǿף仰ص㡣
ﻨؽһ棬Ҳҵģʲô˵ģֱԡ
ˣҲҶͨʡ˲˼˶ֳɣ¥Ŀ˶ΪȴֻܵԼСỺˣԲעͻ׹ЦУи뷨һ˫Ӯ뷨
û̽ӻҲûоܾҶ֪ԼȤֳָɣ֪㲻⣿
Ϊȵ֪ļҵֳɡ
Ҷż׽ˮ̣԰Զĸ¥ʹоҲܿƻͨӦʶö档
еŲԶ
һ¥Ȼʶõġǰ֪ݵŮӾȻǷ¥Ļϰȷ𾪣Ҷ֪¥Լ˶ֳɣȻǱ˹Ρֳ۳ȻĶе󶼱˼롣֪Է¥ھǵķʹҲǰ˶ֳɣҲڰ¥׬öֳ࣬ɡ
ϰ̧¥ѾǾһ¥ΪλңԵĽûóȻ˵ļ룬תѯʡ
¥⻭δӰǳɫüҵĶкͯа˫ӮΪβ
û˵Լſ۲ī赽ʲô˼뵽ȥ¥Ҳ׬
Ҷķһʱ޷ֻͻȻǡ
״ٳûиӦҶҲûǿߵߣﲻؼڸһӦþʱ¥ԡ
΢ӣĶӣʲôѴҲʱҡ
ᣬưɢȴƫƫǡǻڵּٵţǻᱻ˫ɫ
֪ĳٳٲǩ¥ԼȻǶԼķֳɲɽտ˸˵ԥǾͺܿʲôѱڰ¥С
Ѿɵӣֻþѿ
Ҷվ۽ƳڣΪ˵Ѿ̨ڻҲȤȥգž
ʱգ˰̸Ҷ٣޷ΪϧΪźܾԼøáü΢ҶĿƳǰģãָ֮ǰɨԼǰѩ
ü޵üʱһƯĻȣĹأ
л˵
һ֣
춼һ¡
ϲĻԵһղغۡġ


27
ĹĿ²ˡ
ƻ磬Ц񻱳Ӱȸֵ˺ʱҲ뺣ٿûټ
ĿҶ뿪¥ĳһŷԼ󱳲֪ʱѾһ㱡¥ϰ壬Ǳȼ˾Ľɫ
ԼҲ֣һ糾ŮӣΪλôྩеĴ
һֱŵĳͲסյߣģλͣǺηʿ
Ĳֻ֪˵ݣδ˵õʹüǸƽˮޱϲģ
һȦݵˣҲûҵܶϺŵĽɫɵضģԷĿɫƽ˵ѡЩ֪ĿȥᣬʵǸβ֡
Ҳ֪㣬Ǻηʿסˡ
Ǹڰ¥ֵϰ壬ǽŵġЩȻ˵ڣֻһԲɳԼǰָָ㡣
߶˰죬˿ĭҪ£ǰͺ˵ˣһҪˣǩʲôأ
ԣָⲻԾקס䴦廨дãž߷ŵȻʵ˷ֳɣûпԸĵ𣿡
ŨױĨĸ˲ŵصɴۣæק㵽¥˵Ľ䣬Ϳŵޢָĵļ˵Щʲô㻹٣֪֪¥ı࣬õı٣Ҫ蹫ӵ㣬Ϊڻôʵվ
شļֱͿŵ֬²мϣ֪ȱǮΪ㻹źüӡƵĽ߻谵ԵøͿ֬촽ŰѪ죬촽⶯ǿӲģԼ룬ڰ¥ôǼӡ
ĵɫѸٲ԰ףٿȻʧѪɫĬ¥ƱյЦֻӰڡ
ֱǺЦֱƽģǴˣͲö˵ˣԼǩáϽȥʰһ£ϻҪ̨أⶼų̂ˡ
¥»ƣ輧ˮһʱ̰ſѪڡ

ϰߣС̨סڵǰ·Ůעǰʯש̨ס
͡·ûҵäˡ΢ȹ߹һ̨ף͹սһ˼
Ҷܣûеխưܣɾ࣬ߵլԺͥ󷽣̨ͤ¡´ԺģӦҲСʲ
۽Ƴ۵͡Է⣬٩٩Ѿˣ缸ʮ궼ӢļҲԭһլԺֻǹܣլԺˡլԺҲָ˴СССլԺֵ˳ȥ˴ƧҲãЩҶǰżŵһ˽լƽﶼûʲôˣЩɻӰ˵˿٣ҲٻС
ַָˢǽ棬ЩԺҲ͡
ȻЩ̫ƽеĵز䷭Ÿϴء
˱߱ģ֪ѾСӻ÷ʢչһ͸ԼͯЦֵ
𨣡ߵ̫ˣּ䴫ŮľžͿƤϸ߸߷𴩹ӻҡһػҶ
ϰСģͦ͡ΪҶסľ˭֪һ̤ղˤ˸
Ƥϱһ࣬ŮӵġҶƳεվȥϳĵ͡ԼСһɡ
͡εЦŰ°ã˴ӦþϰҪѰĶˡ
ҶصеƤϣţƤЩĥ𣬿ɼӳϡ
Ժǽںߴߴؾţ㿴㣬򶼱ߵǽȥ
¼խԺűƿһϸ죬һһŮŵ˳ĴѰұ߳ԺǽƤϡ
ҡѩӻУǿڻµŮӣչⱻҶиӰɫ£ҼȾýƵ۽һ˫Цͫڻꡣ
ѩȻʢŵĺ÷ȴ÷޷顣
Ůű˴˵䣬ֱۣҶݵǰǵ𣿡
СƽվͺټˣƯĹǻ˵ˡʹЩĺӽӹƤϣСлҶЦͬǴ»˳غС̸͡һԵɴۣȼ仰֪СЩĺ𨣬곤ЩĻǣƽﶼסС
Сߴߴغ죬Сʱ䣬ȵԺƿһɫº͵긾˳ǣ𨣬ôҸȥôã
ںİ˽̸ʱ˿첽С˹Ҷʱ¶ǡ
Ҷ΢΢ףĹġ
ĸƽĪҪİԼϸһǰȻѰ˵ȣѰ˴ȻѾ֪˵ĵ˽լȨƬ̣ʵش𣬡Ĺڲڡ
֪ҶȻԷЩʲôõģҲ޶⣬ҲĹʶֻЩ顣žͺá
Ҷø˷˼㣬ȰɣվҲ
Ҷ͵͡ŸլԺլֲͥľӻĺáԺרŻһأ˷۸ϣصطŵðЩһǸСõġһɨԺлĸӣǣһŮ
͡صһôຢӣĹҪ˽Ӳɣ
ĹĲˡһۣʾȥЩЩʳ
ڿҶĵһ۾;׽ߣݽĽʲôѽǰĽġ
δϰ塪ҶԼеĻشЦ뻹ɫش˵ĵѡ
ǮϵҲѰɣպٷչһ£˿̵ҶĲسѡ
Ľû˵ѡ
˵ʱûסСĽѵġ
ɵҶĿʱֵͷˡҲûֻͷƽʱҲټĽ㣬ȻҲûʲôѽ
ĺٻ𣿡Ҷ˳ˮʡ
ﲻסһʾʵش𣬡Ľ㲻æĻһΣҲˡֻܶʱúҶ˯ˡ
¥Ǻ޲ðһʮọ̃һЩӣҲɼ֮ˡҶִĵĻ⣬ͬ⼸˼ľЩʲôѾ˲²⡣
˵ŮӵȷԤϡ
ҶƯЦ崺磬ͬЩ˻ϣ֮͡ŴСϲĳʳ߻ԺеĺӺܿͶ׽
̤ϡĺɫСصլԺʱӳľƮӻбͯӵıӰ
Ų̤Ҷ졣ĲδΪܰһĻ෴֫ٺɢĺѣֻоѪҺӿǻ
ݹ֮ʲôҪ̸ģңֺαطѾ˼ҵЩʲôĺӣ
л˵
Ҳף֣
⼸̫æ˳һ춼档
ϲĻǻӭղۡġ


28
ĽҲڵĻﶼǵļҡ
ԣҶתδ̻شĵʣָֻ˵촽ơ
ʶԼʧ̬ĬҶｫӶڡ
ýţģ˵ʲôѶҡԺڵʯ΢°ڴ¡ֻûֻҶЩˡ
ͬڰ¥ʱºʹݣԷǱֱɫ䱸ҶĿ⿴ǣ뿪ıӰ¥ͬ˶ֳɵȷǺģԹı£ɵҲСĿ⴦լӾ֤ҹ۹Ҳ˷֮ˣôȱǮֻпΪӡ
ǶСӰˣԴöȲǴĿ˾ֻʣһֿܣֱֱĵǻбĲ˵Ŀ
ɫٿȻ԰ףҶ֪Լ˵ˣָԼλһİɣġ˵ѴҲ֪ô㡣
ҶҵԼѡƫƧլԺغõļӺľ֪ԼѾȫڱ޾ܾȨҶǷݹԵȡ
լԺſڣһҶǰ¡СۣĲ²Ⲣ޲
ֱŲΪĲ裬ĶһյȥظĭһڲŻڣС˵篸󣿡
Ҷüϲɫ֬ѩۻʱ¥Ҳп˺˶ƾҪȥĺ篸Ȼ
С㵹ί񣬲Цߣ˵ôšЦͷһ¶ɫδ¥ǩʱҲں篸ֻҲǼ篸ûסҡǼֻһӶʳѪĵطʱɫĺʱв·Ұݡ
˴ҶҲܲµӵǵĸףǺ篸Ĺ
ףе֪ǻк󣬵˸ûӰЩӸҲ֪˭ڱùЩеĹһûģҲǼӻûֱ꣬ӿͣһʹȥˣֻ޸ĸǼЩӡ
üƽȴڲסѪĴʹǵļλĸڸʱΪշȥ취⼸ӡ
ֲ˵ѵġҶȻ˵üԣ⼸ӣĽȻżꡣ
⺢곤ĸȥʱѾ£ʶ֪ü޵ʹӰŨأסĺӶ֪ԼֻΪĹŮһ֪̾Ҳá
Ҷһ½ռӣ֣Ů
ڲ豭뵵ˮȳһĿ⿴ǿкܲûģֵõΪ񡣵ƽ޹Ůģܴмֺģܵͯϱȥˡ
ĿѵҶͷһԾܳĿ⡣Է˵òٽӴЩH£û뵽ᣬֻһ̫ɡ
С㲻ѪĵطȻ벻ô࣬¡ս豭ֻܴӱڼȡ¶ůġ
˹ڳأҶԺеӣɫӣ֪Ѵˡ⼸ǼһΪ潼ˣ˽ǣһ⡣ÿµĹԱ黧Ĺ˰ɡʨӴ󿪿Ǿһͷ޵׶
ûҶ֪Լǲ¶ˡ֪ѣҶĦǾЩͷۡŮӿȥ޺ȴʵ󵨣˽ؼͯǴһػ
ã˾˸鷳ЩѣҲûа취
ĹԱҲܴ㣬⼸ӲȥܱܷͷαЩ꺵Բϣ±һݣ˵ֵ񣬻Щȥ˶Եģкⲻ󡣡дŶ˸㣬˻֮Ҳһ˰ˣÿ¶ȥӦЩˡ
ѵ¶һЦ⣬Щ£ܱҪһЩ
˵üʼŻ֮ȥɫҶ֪йǣһ˼ҲܲµĶҲ֪⼸ӵ£
ȻĿЦϾܰѺ篸󣬻Ҫлǡ
¥Ҳ鷳ѰһȫլӣЩӶùȥش𣬱ϾѾ˾ʮŲҲһˡ
΢ŴƬ̴ǲŵ˵ĻҪͰ¥ˡ
Ҷνط±յڽ԰ҲһˣгҲһ¥īٳǿ˰꣬ҲһҾܼġЩ£Ҳˡ
˵ҿ⼸ӣҲ쵽˿ɵ͡㣬ϾǼȥ˽Ӷ飬ҲûԸ̵ġƻɫɫֿȻѾ¶ĸǣߵһˣȻҲܺúö飬պлЩ¡
óĬӻƮ䣬ڳһѩվҶǰǷ*Ϊ¥ݹ︶ࡣΪ
Ҷַģͤڵƻӳ۵ײ⣬ô͵Ҹп壬Щܼɡ
仰ȷԷθһ޿ķ糾ŮӣҪ£ˣҲܸЩʲô

Ҷӻá
Ҷȷˣ˼ĺǷһ塣ȻҪȥţ˵ǣͬΪŮӣĶЩ¥ȳĺͬ顣
վͥԣ֪ذ׻ֱ۽⿴ݱߵĴƿһ϶һ˫峺ע
ߵر߰ǶӣСô˯
͸ůƵ⽫Ĳγ͵ĹΣֻһ۾˳СĲûлش⣬ʵλݽʱ˵Ľѣʵǽѣǲǣ
⺢׿ʶۣû뵽ȻԼҶǵ˼Ƭ̣վûƭڻǣҲǡ
ƫССԴŬ˼˵ЩѵĻ˼ǣĽ㻹ѵģ㻹ǾǺˣ
ֻ΢ЦŽϸϸãǣжһǲǺˣֻ˵ҪԼȥܣԼͷȥжϡ
Ҿǻˡ˼ţ˴𰸡
Ҫôóۡĵ˵ĶͷԥƬ̣ЩʱգҪһ뿪լԺȥĵطסԸ𣿡
ĽҲ𣿡
ڵģҺһߡ
õעģֻýҹɫʣϡ뿪篸һҹǣԼ֣뿪ǶֽԵ֮ءͷһ¥⿴ǣǹʣĺЦʱ
ĽҲڵĻﶼǵļҡ
л˵
һЩгصݣϣҹܿġ
һ⻰߲̽˼ָӢۣʵʴӢ֮⣬ȻҲΪ¥
ϲĻԵղһ£ллġ
ллҵϲ


29̧
ǲ̧ȴҳܷ¥Ķ飿
¥һ¥ǰƹطϵ˲ԵģȴЩȥԱԱĽ̸
ϰ徹ȻЩͨı£˵Ĺ뵽¥ˡҶƺθڣͬǰڰ¥ʱÿնҪ̨¥˲٣ȴֻôЩ̶ʱյ̨
Ҳܹ׷ˣô˵Ҳһ׮ƽҲࡣ
ԱԱ͡ģ֪˶ǼЩĹӸ磬ЩǮ˸ûʲô£Ҳ㰲֣ÿվ͵Żٺ»û¾¥һ̳һ硣ϧ糤฾ҳ̵İ˲٣ȴû仰мֵġ
ЩĻ⣬Ϊʵۺò糯ˮ糯ڷ˼¡
¾ǰԷ׹һ£ղ鰸˸ʵ۱ֻ̫ʮղ鰸ʱ䣬κ̫;֤˵ⰸӻҪЩʱ䣬ΪѾҪüĿҳ֡˴£糯̫ڻ˵һѾ˽
ʵϣɫ̫Ӳӻ˴£Ǹ˵Ҫѡ
˭֪̫ӵأָ˵Ǵһ֡
һ㶣̫ӻֵָ׼Ҳת´ԩ̫к֤ݡ
̫һһߵʱֻ¹ӳģ¹˶ֽţҰޣ̫ͨˣڴʱð¹ȥǸֽŵɽ£ֻû뵽;ֻܾܰƥʱıг̣ӹһ٣ֻϧ޹׿УξСĵɽ塣
һٹٻȻ̫ӾȻӵ߰˰˵һ룬ֻ̱粵˵ⶼ֪¹һ¡̫ӾȻԼ׵ܵܣĺڡ
̫Ҳ˵Ѿ鵽¹ǳݴʷԽģڽʱԽͬ£Щ¹˶ѾҵйˣȻҪ
ڳϳüɹʵ۵ıԽԽѿһκǵֵ糯ϳɺͳһŭ˳
һؼëȻͳ˰ٹٽĵ̸ʣ˿ӸһŹһ˭ס
̫ӽ糯Ͽ޵һѱһģ˭֪¾Ȼûڵϳ顣
ֵ֮˴ıôҲö˰ɡ͸ôı̫ӣδ̫³ç˵㡣
˭֪أϾ̫ûλ϶ˡ
ߴߴģ͡ε˵ֱŮʱԵδϵģΪãʲô£
żλˣ˵ҪĹ
͡šüЩҪĵҲһҲ򷢹٣ղ̨ƽʱҲ˽ͣⲻǶ𣿡
Ů˰죬ǵƹԼȥɣǿ˿ȥһ㡣
͡Ĳ鲻Ըȥ˶¥ż䣬ΪĸżҪµĶ棬żʱȴаϹǰŮӣڷ٣ʤѩ޳ָⲦŪңϪ
Ҳֻ΢ͷȳһߣ˫ڵҹɫԲŪҵĶԴ·õֱ͡ӡ
͡ӷתţһųҶǰĻǲµǰ˵ݡеʱƽӪҵЦݣ˾˹٣ֱӴкͺãǲСĵˡ
īһ۾֪¥ƹò۾ͲµԼݣҲŵ͡Ҫ˵Щʲô
ҪĹĻȥţԵȡ
ǸʶʱģӦȰ¥ҪЩֻ³֣͡
͡Ӧһ߳żҶ˸ĸСѹȥһ뿤𣬾˵Ǽ˾¥ˣ

ż·ϣнŸǲ죬Ҳ֮Сǰڰ¥˾¥Լۣ˾Ҳ˷¥ָҪԼɼ˾ĵȷȷǳԼġ
ͬҶһμͿżɽ̹ϣīʲô˵ʲôҲŸ㷲ǱҶҪӦĴڡ
ңһμʱ˵Ļڶߡ
ϵɷⲻǣ˵Σ
˼ӣ֪Ѿߵżſڣʱȣ计
û뵽ּ˾ˡֱһϣĲӯӯǷ
īָϣ΢̧ۿҲû뵽ʱ䣬ĹѰ˸õĶҡ
˺γԣ
޳̴ָľƵָۣöɫǰڰ¥ʱ˵ƷԲװ˷աڣʵƷ
̧ģžҸϺ١ĽЦ˳һԵϣߴߣˮʹ˿ߵļ룬Աˡ
ҶĽȻǲΪ֪ģ˳ˮۣԼΪ¥īɡ
ԷԵȤü̧ڻѩɫĺȻʶīٱüģһ˫һ繣һɽɫ٣תƫͷʱԵΪƯҪӵС
ԶԶӣ˫ŨصīɫҲ
֪λ¶ң
ĳ΢ĩϡЦǳʡ
֪ܻһīʳָζĦҡ
Ĳȫ³īİʾΪףǻش𣬡糾ΪഺʱıЩǮưˡ
ī贽ǵ޵Ļȣⲻ̹ϵ̹֮ԣδƣʣʹҿԽΪ⾩еңԳȥŻٲ˱Ϣ
֪īȷ˾۹ǣǧѼţ黭϶裬ټ黭īٳ׷ֻνһǧǵͷһ䣬ͻ˽Ŀ϶Ϊ
òϣīջԼԣûҪӦϾ˭Գƴңʷ
ɫľ黹ǣλվīһݣ˾̧θҵΪҲҳܡ
ī輫һЦǲ̧ȴҳܷ¥Ķ飿
һʻı亹δɫȻºͣȴ׹֮СΪˣֻʵ˵һʵ¥Ϊ¥ļȰ¥࣬ʶ˽ס
¥īٳǿţڴǰķֶĹﵽԼ뻢ıƤīбЦЦ顣
л˵
ԭʮ֮˾Ϳ˾ûˡ򡿡ȫڸҵԲ
һ¾ͻټˣ
ģ챻Ůĥ


30̽
֪ճġ
ԣвɵ̾Ϣͬ¥뻢ıƤѵ˾㲻
ҪģҸ𡣡
һû˵Ҫʲô֪𣿡˾ֻһ仰ס죬ֻҪһҪõĶ
Ȼǲ²ģֻܽԭءԽŵʸ֫庡ѪҺʶʼٸȻٰǰأƵᡣ
ðɡī򢣬ǴţֲҪˡ
䣬ŮŶ룬˸ӣ˾ˣǼϰһ棬͹⡣
ԷֻǴٰǼƹģǰżң
ƹƹģϰϰ塣Ů
˵ҲףҶˡ˾ݣܾҲ֣биǣ
ˣǾƹʶˡīûΪˣǺʹصͷ
Ȼ˾ҪͣҾͲ߶ˡļˣǣ׼粨ӿ֮ء
ī貢δֻǴſʣ˵ʶҲЩʱգֻ֪Ĺ֪ϡ
ĽŲһͣݣѾϸܵıŬƽȣĳ΢ĩ룬Ѽǲˡ
ôһﲦƳī費͵÷·лһҳ֪ճġ
ĺͣ⼸֫ٺ

ҶżʱĶӵģ̧ۿڵīֻٰǰҡ
Ȼ֪˾׿ȴһֱûлһĻἫ٣ҶֻīԵλ¡
֪ˣԷҲδֻ̧ۣࡣ
ɣչϺãĲεרעʹңҲָỺ֪ΪλҶ̫ѧ֮ͬʱҲ㣬ī谲ԵλĹżԼϾʱľչרעɫ
һϣī̧Ҷһ֧ÿٰϣ˳۽գַ飬˾ңƺԾ
īû̻ش𣬶Ƿʣ֪¥һʼϰ˭
⵹ǵȷʵҶҲֻ֪¥ǴӳҶϴ˼Ƭ̺Ҷʵش𣬡һ治ֻ֪֪ҶȰ˷¥Ĳҵ
һʼմھӪīʱأٽۿˮڽͨ˴֮ʺϿ¥һǧأؽ𽨳˷¥ݵͣ٣պҶҲⶰ¥һմ麽ⶰ¥͸Ҷ١
ô¥ֱˣҶǳԾۣʲôƵģɫڨڨ˺һŵλ¾޼ưڴδīǰؽɷ¥ҲͲˡ
մ麸£ӵĺ֮ƣһ̼һĲƸһĻòɫ·Ȼ֪մ麵ȷԼ汲ҶвǳĽ飬ʱҶٵҲû˲ٺôȥ
һ¥ŵҲЩˡ
īҲδϼǰ¥ҶīٳǶµİ׮ܰ¥ϵ˻˲٣ҲѲµһֱ
īīٳǾӪǧ꣬īǰеİղС
˾˺ۣµȫҶ˵ţȻվֽŮſڵĲˮ˹ңòֻǶңǵˡ
һ²ǰδ㲻Ͼáīֻǿü΢мּ֮⣬ǰڴˣڿɺˣ
һЩƤ˰ˣˡҩҲܺã̶ˡҶմУҪ̽ī衣
ϧԷӲ¶ֻ΢һףò
˵б𲻳Ǻ񵽵˭ֱˡҶƶһǧ˿Ƶĸϵīˮ©ˣ׻ֱʡҶ˸ίЩ˵֪ʲôֵü˾һ糯¥ģոһ˵ģ
ī΢̧һֻǣΪˣ
ᡣҶɫȴǰ㣬ī˫ɫߣЦ·һ־ֻܴǾãճϵӦҪࡣ
ҶǵƻӵһīȻö˹ĵȷ˸õ¶ҡ
ǵòܵˡˮƺһһһѩݸī衣
Щҳѣԩ޳𣬿ɷġ֪ҶƾЩʲô䲻糯ʤϳ
Ͼ˾屧糯Ǽٻȥģ˾ʳʵҲֵȥһ̬糯Ȼ֪̫ӻڽ񳿼
ôҲⰸӵܺˣһЩҲ֮УҶҲΪԼһƣƱ¥ƶѩ滨ˣ˾ԡ
ѩʢīȻ䲻ƣҶѾԼãҲƾܣٱһڣظƳˣ𻨵ȷ
ǿҪʧˣⰸӽ糯ûиһŭ֮¾³ˡ
̫Ǳ֤֤ڣܱ粵
īбƺһĺ棬ֻΪ˼ԼĻ֤Ǽٵģ֤ҲǼٵġôУֻȡڱ˭ġ
̫Ӳ鰸̫Ӳãȴ³ˣְѰӶ˴¡ҶȻҲ֪Ȱӽ̫ӣ̫ӵôôɵȵĲ˽ʵ̬һתˣ˭أ
оƲ֪˴յī豾Ͳʤ˼ȻлȴѾԾط΢죬βһЦ뿿ǰڲˣȻǿʼˣȥҸڡ
ҶһʱȻԼԭ˵ЩʲôǼ⾡ī÷붫ѩ㣬ӯ䣬ϰ÷ʢţҪƬذؼ䡣
īƺδҶʱԭֻΪΪʵְʧ찲¹ȷϹ޴ӵҪƽϰҪ³Щ
ҲҶԤ֮ڣ˵ֻһССУξùӣΪҲطϡӱĲ֮׼̫ҧѾԤϡ˵ΣҲΪĸڴϴɱ̫ӣ̫ܿӵߡ
ѵ̫Ӳ鰸ԴӰ¹ֺǾ˳ز鵽ôණ̫ӻܴҧҪɱԼ
пĻֽݱ䵽һѵҪɱ̫ӣ
Өָ⸧أ˫ڰ׷ЦȴҪģǲɱ̫Ӵ޹ؽҪ̰ὫԨ
л˵
ĵĳͻʺһĳûйϵȡֵʱԲΪĺܺ
ּˣ
ԺƵʻġ
Լ⻰ҿȥרһİȻʽӻԶֻǳԼС˵棬Ϊ˷ȥ˷İ


31
϶׷ģֻǸͼ
һ죬ɱˤڵ棬Ƭɢɽ˹ĻŵգӲסʹϵŭ
Խ¹飬˭ȥģΪʲôiҵǼˣ
ڵĶҲ˸߰˰˵һƬǽ壬ĻиЩߵ׵ʵ£Խ˰¹Ҳɱ̫ӣ»תء
û˵꣬һ鱻ӵϽĻ˻ȥ˭˵ɱiˣһôķ𣿡
ǣǣ⵱Ȼ̫ǱߵĻ̾Ϣû뵽ʱ䣬Ҫ˼ȥ
ڵⱻڵǽ座һЩ䵽ϡһϮӳҹɫüĿǣɷˣֻɫʰϵֽţD񣬡԰ꡣ
ܺͱ˵Щϻתͷʱ˸ףеסϺЦ䣬ԭˡˣ
ⲻɫسԼվܾǰһĻʶҲǵһμȺĻŵͰˣֲ֣ˡ˶ӣһֱݷõ£Ϊǡ
D˿̵ľݣӭڿ£޷޷ֻ֪Ǵⰸʵ֣ǼѰð¹ԻͻͰ¹ǵ֪̫ʲôֶѰˣڶѾѺ̲ΣǺã
ȷԼԼͱ˸¨ӣԭˣСʵʵ¹ˣֵûʵۻҲ㲻Ľ˭֪ƫƫҪôһȦΪɱһССУξ׿أȻԳ֪δ˰Ʋݱô
ֻDʰ̯ӵģҲ˵йϣ˵ٶҲͽѿࡣ
£⼸λ˵òתء̲Ǽʵģֻ¹ǳݴʷԽ޵ģԼǵȷԽ¹ɱһ£̫ǲʵ֤ݵģһжֻǵƬ֮ʡ
˵߼ص̴ӷ׷Ͷ˸мĿ⡣
ķɰɫǰ¹ҲȷֽţĨҰ޵ҩ
ֻɱײ˵СǿӲѵ΢üͷڴʱûе¹ϵΣôЩʱٲ飬¹ϵҩɢһɶ߱Ҳҧ̫ӷֽţϾҪôͷ¹ֽʵ׾١
ŷصͷ˿˼άѾȫǣǰֻ̲Ҳ̫ӵˣδػǵ˵ǡ
̲Ҫ̫Ӹִһʣ߶ûоԵ֤ݣôӾֻȡڱ˭糯±ѡ񳹲飬ûС˵²ִ֪̫ӲǱ¹µĸ֮飬Ը¡⺱ֱӣĿᶨ£Ҫʧᡣ
ȻǱҪôأ׷ʡ
üͷ¶оʱɫǰͺ͵½Ϊ롯ܶʱõ
˴Ҳ˧֮⣬⿴Ҫ˭أ
ǰȻһ¶ǳݴʷԽ⣬ǵǱסģıƵԽϡ
ȷڴյ֪ʵ̫Ӳ鰸ʱDֱݴʷԽζжϣò¶ˡ
ϧݸݴʷԽƬ˰׻ˮҲԼ˺ôҲûһ굽ͷϳݴʷǮƽձöݳޣھлиǵʳ»ĻͿԽԾϹóȻôһһҡǮȻǲԸģҲû뵽ӻᷢչ˵ز
飬ԷɫسĬţǿʼ顣
ƣԿһݣ뾩ھͣһ֮࣬ҲھжɡһѾѻ˲ٹģٹգҪص߳ǡǰҲ´Ǳھ֮ʱ¶ӱء
˵мֿƵ˼ڹʲôСΪ⣬ˣǰȷվȨ˷ڶʹԽһݴʷȻǿġ
Ϊ֮·ҪΪ֮

պ
ɫ̣࣬յϸ繣ʪˮϵľǣοɫ̡
ɺɫ֯ȹĳѩɫˮϼѵıɫüۼԴִɫеĽĿҶ߸壬㻹ЩûĽ·𣿡
ǳЩ滧ڲ㶼þϹϰǻҪҪȥԶĺˣɱҲߡɫЩΪѡ
޷ģȥϵݵ滧¥㹩Ӧ󣬶ඩЩǺõġԼ˼ģҶ˾
һԵǰſŶ˵ĶԻ̧ͷݽ㣬Ϊʲô㶼ôѽ
ļӰᵽԼѰĳȫլԺżҲ¥档ֶ£ﰲϲ飬ĿҶҲ¥￴飬ƽԼٳ¥
ΪǰЩӱڼϿһƬھǸе㼸˻ʹԴӱ¿޺ҲвĽɵĲƷļ۸ڳз*üˣмҲһ󡣡
е㾡ʹȻǳԲģֻܰװ˷ѡҶô룬ԼΨһģҲֻгеķһʡ
һҲֵ׷ô
Ҷǣùеġӡ˼ҳָҳһλкߣ±ӡ˵ˡ֮磬С֮ݣ֮ȡ
ƶǶЦȻݽ㲻Ҳǡ±ӡ
û뵽⺢ˡһҶĶͷǺЦȻô˵Ҳֻ׬һǮѡ϶׷ģֻǸͼ
⻰˵ȷЩѣҶҲٶԣֻǱӡµݻظ
ʱȻϰ壡ϰ壡ϲ
ɡ׼͡ݺҶϲɫ仹бܴɨһۣ¥ôզզʲô
дϲѽϰ壡͡ҲڣĿʾҶ
СĺӣȻЩڵ£ҶǺȥ˸ڣʾº󣬲ſʣ˵ɣİʲô
л˵
кߣ±ӡ֮£ҲС֮£Ҳ֮ȡԡĹ¾ϡ
λʲôϲãһͻϲõø쵼˵ĵǷ磬ϰյĵǲݡܷ紵Ȼ絹
ллҵϲԵĻղغһ£ġ


32
֪֪Ҳߵô
͡״ţһоζƵ˳ݴʷԽϣ˵Խ⣬ֻǰѰ¹ŽװԷԶá¿һƬТĿɼ
Ȼ뵽˰עҪһû뵽ⶥȻǸ֮صһʷеģ
Ѿ۾ͼı֮ѺԽؾΣն޶ûūǧ͡¶̣ѹ
Ҷɫ꣬Ҳû뵽Խǽ¹ƨ콵ԼѺն޶šֻƬֻ̺һЦ⹷Щڳݴʷλ׬ȴ֪Ǯվûǰõġ
ʲô
һٺ£һ±˼
ʵİӣͷĳݴʷԽ˵ȻԵòʹԸôҡǮҲ۵ҪҪˡ
ֻǳݴʷһְȱǼҪΪʲͷˡ
ΣĽ˵Ҳ֮ϲǰοԼ
Ȼڸϱ˼ʱ϶ѽʵ۳Լ޵˭ûأǰĳԹСԹء
ˣҶֻ޼߰ԹǴƿ¼һһ޼һԷ¥¥ͨ˴ҲȤ֮һ
׷ɴҶȴһʮǵɫֽɡɡϰ÷֦񳣬÷ȴֿƣپľ֡ɡŮֻܿӰڷ٣ʤѩ˺ڰ׶ɫµˮī뵣׵ڵ
Եӣ˱ͦʤ֥ԴĿˣվһһϺõˡ
ָôҶɫۣһԴֵĵ͡۾ǲǼ˾彫
Ȼ֪ī⣬ϾīٳҲҲ۵Ůֻ֣Ϊʲô˴˿̻һʱ䣬ѾھǴһ࣬û߳Ǵڶʹˡ
㵹֪͡ڴ߿𾢣Ҷбһۡ
͡䲻ΪʲôҲҶǵ΢ĲãһԶ봰ߣ˶ˣС֪Ҳ֮С˵ˣϰ˵ϢҪһֲظⲻҲעš
֪֪Ҳߵô
ӦûеġУīٳҲˡ˵ˣ˾ÿյ٣м֪͡ʼ磬һ޹
Ϊ˺Щ룬Ҷֻǿڽ̸һݸī衣
ͱǿȥҪˡҶгһȻûʵ֤ݣܾ뾩ȻƵ͵ȣ¶һŵӰӣҪǼ£˿е̬һ
ҪߵĻӦǼ˾Ϊʲô˾͡ſڴڣ˵㲻Ծ
ǲ˵˾Ҷڻش
ֵ͡һתͷϰ壬ǲ֪ʲô˲õ鰡
֪ô֪īЩʲô죬ֻīڹ϶ⰮְòӦģ
֪㻹ôƶƽջϲ˵׽ӰķϻͲҪ˷ʱ䡣͡ɥ졣
ҶùǵƢָָ¥µī裬Լ
͡¿ȥֻӦ˵˻ǣ뿪ˡīȻɡվϸУֱԶ󣬲ſֲ·ߵͳɡ෴ķ
һĻõ͡ɴۣҶ˼ֶۻĳ羴ϰǻۣ
Ҷи˼ĵϸڣڼĺɳ⵱Լīڰ˼ڻϿǿīһ㣬īΪʲôƾ

й͹ڣĻޡ۹ȥ꣬ÿi뾰͹ڻʺǰԼĸеĿʱǾʴӡ
ĸĿУȣЮȼյֻһյ̰Ҫȼ
δİӣòϧƫģֻһ£Ҳɱܼ˵ڽյĻʺãѵÿ
ΥĿޣiڷЩɿʶק°ڡ
ʺҲϰӷŲƨģԹԵ鰸ʱͻȻҪȥֻ¹˭㣿
ԼҶǵˮ׼»ġ
iиŵʲôĸףܿʵش𣬡ȥ鰸ʱ߶µΣ˶ֽţǴ˰Ҫ֤ݣò顣ɶȥʱֻмɵǱɸɾһֱûнչ׿ԶͶ˵ȥƽҲǵˡ˵ֻ¹ֵΣȥ¹
iĽʺɫȴζõĦָϳǶĻףƽΪʲôԸ㣿
ʵiãƽƺ˭ơ
ʺһߵ֣ɫѲƵΪԸ㣿ⰸҪװƣҲûһʧ
iȻ벻ҶĿģǹʹûвֻҶӴʱŮʵ˵ҲǸĽɫ
ԼĬŲӦ¸оԼĺҪûˣԸ㣬ԲŻ㣬ⶼ벻ף
i촽ɿ˿ĭʣĸ£ƽ
ȻʺƶҤԵĲյţȻƽھûʵȨȻİ㣬Ϳ˳ˮ顣
ûӦԺҶЦ⣬ĺı￴УɳƾδҲָָֻ쾡ɢҲǲģܲŪŻб
ֱܵǸΣյŮˣʱ֪Ϊܻѹֿ֡ԼĸּȵϲֽߵĻ˻ȥ˸ҶӦһ޺ʶȤ˵ȨƵӡ
͹̻ԻͣӳڳֻͫǸЩ¶ǲġѱ֪ʲôʱһĻص̳ǵĶ飬һЧ㣬ձرȨǺõġ
һһߵiǰĸ״½󡣡ҵĻʶֻҪƽƽȵ̫ӵλãʱȵ̳лλҲûźˡ
л˵
ĿǰһѾˣ´ξµľˡ
һμ˾ϷݻһЩǹĹ·չƪĲ˭Ҫǿƽ
ż˾Ĺ»һؼëģִͳǿҹ
΢Ϣһݴ壬ܻеæ


33
ģҪ˭
ʢȻݱ£ƮİڴĩβϹǽᵽ˳ĵϢ
ʱڣǡ߻ְ˾磬ЩڴʱҶôƯĻƿ˳˷͵ûϺüյʱ빬
߻ǻʵӣ񲻹տɵͣҶڸϿⷿãһβ⣬Сӿɶϰá
ˮٷ磬̨ۣϸã˿öҶλֱڲ۵Ľ䡣ҲϾѾϰȨƱĮӣֻ͸񵱻ƿų徻¶ˡ
յĹ磬ʵֻ˻߻ӾȥˡʵЩӷģĽ㻹δǰЩӼ˾˵г⣬гײޱԫ֮Ϊնв飬׳ײʵۣʶҲ̫Щʱڶģʲô⡣
ʣµļӶѳ꣬ھǣĶȥ˷أˣ߻Ļãֻλ
СǴ˿ΧŹά治ڣҶЩϾʱҲиԼ˵
ָԼ˱ƣɨ硣ȴڼλµλϿһλǵīλ
īջⳡ磬һǰʥȻʧĶΪȻСòȶ󣬻겻ѡ
Դӽʦسǳ칦翪ʼ˾빬͢ĴƵ࣬ǰһ˾ǲಡ齣ʱ岻ʲϯǼѿ˵ġ
λȴǿλ֪ںδ̷ĹŮСŮҲҡͷ˵֪
ɨϷλҶͻȻ֣λϵĻʺȻҲ֪ȥ˺δˣʺִƺ󹬣߻䲻Ҳ߻ӵĵĸӵӦٳҳϯọ֮̈̄ʵ۲ڣⳡλȴλտա
ŮŮ˵ʺЩʣȻعϢˡ
Ҷǲ룬ڶᣬй

԰һ۵ƫڣŴڱΣչֻǿõڵؾλҲλȹŮӸ롣
ī裬㾿ʲôʺŭεķ֣Ϊ˵һ飬iѾڶ챻һ£ûмˣ
λµŮݶޱϲֻʵˣжǣΪ̫ӣΪӣ춯г⣬ǲ֮ףֳײޱԫ
īһĮȻȻʺŭյøʤ֪֪Ϊļ̫ӦͬһҲΪ㲻ͬ
ī谲ųŭкƫ΢΢ͷγȻÿ棬ɨǲиĴ£̫ӵڻʱټĲ½Щ׼̫ͬҲġ
㣡ͿеޢָݺǶģغѹԼҪһ²ؼϵĳ嶯
ԭΪĴò׵ȵ財Լ°ѱץסĴݺüһҲҪ֪̫֮λ˭ġ
ܷһ£̫ӳĵĴʱ˭֪ȴ콵ΪЩĪĲ֮ףҲ㣬ڻʵۻûɿڵ˼ΪԼԼĶӮһΣ˭֪ӽԼǱǱ߻Ҫù
ŬƽԼʺǿعһҡҡ׹Ц⣬ɕiһֱţҲǸ취ѵͲ취һ˵ǣ
īֵÿʺѹԼҪαĿڣЦϵıȴ࣬ʺ޿ɸģѱ۾֮Ҳīǧע
һתضûУ
Դǣƾģīϻŷ˾һְкãī跴ʡ
վǴöǶξɵͭǮݵ˳ǰȻ˵ˣΪһԣɽմõͭǮǴΪߵ²Եġ
ºɵؽӹǼöͭǮīָҡ
㣬Ϊ׷㡣ųҡһسī󣬡ߣӡ࣬޾̣꣬Ϊ࣬Ԫ࣬׷ʱڣء
Ȼû˵Գسسǣ㣬ף׷ã»
ʺ󲢲ȫīɬԴǣֻ˵Ҫְ̣λ׶ʲôĿҫ̫ӻҪ̣
īȻֻۣޱ飬ڵ¶ҲȻûϻʺ׳ͭǮа棬ԣɷ衣۽˭ǻǴĻʵۣ˾ҲǼ˾īһʳЩ£ҲǷøġ
嵭ٿȴ˵Ц⣬ϡչ͸ϵĴ£ѩ֮˵Ļʺﻹǲ˵̫ӵݡ
ʺɫī˵⼸仰ڣٱ任Ρ֪Է˵Ȼ֪ģһ߸߹Ƶ̬ī̬ǻǿάֵһ߲е̰ڴ˿**ĺبڶǰ
ī裬Ը̧㡣϶µظŮ벻ͨ㲻ʶʱβ
Է΢΢Ƥ㳲ϷۺЦ⡣īϵڣ޳ˣҸ׵λԣҲȻ֪ʲôϵ̫ӵʲôѪԵ
ǡɫŭ߹ʧû뵽īĻύϣֲ֪ܵ
ڼ߹Ļʺڴ˿˺¼Ъ˹ģ֣ʲôԤ벻أīȻֻһ̳м˾֮λŮüһ°Ļȣ̬棬ϷȴЦݿȥ̣ǸˣϾλӣλŮλ˭һδ֪
ˣһ仰ɴ˻ʺʹ㣬һקסī죬ζ޴Ļȶ죬i̫֮λʮ׷ģֵõ֪ĶҰ
û˵꣬ԷȻǿקԼ֣ʱƫڽеĹҲס⿴ȥ˫ڵͫɫҹɫ΢£֪ܶλ粻㱾£Ȳ㡣
Ůα߳࣬´ʱֻͷ
ͽȻɿ֣ζЦī谡ī裬һ˳ǸߵӣԼһ룬Լ˵ô޹඼Ҹ⸱ģҪ˭
л˵
Ҫע߲ռǣҲףΪⱾŬѧϰ֪ʶӡԴǣΪƶ񣬲´ѧ˿дרҵһ㡣
ǽһ£ǹǲλڵ壬ãǣֱ̫--ӡ΢ԫԫ֮һҲ΢˵۾סĵط
ԵԴǺ࣬޾̣꣬Ϊ˳ڼ֣ǰīǸ߻ʺʱڸҪأûȥϸµؽسǣгس˵㣬ף׷ã»˼ǴԶ̫˵ǰյģǼԣȴ߻ʺ󣬺Ϊ൫ԪࡾǴ󼪡ױ໥棬޾ԡ
ǴҶܿģȨȫīϡ
֮ô˼һܿͺá
ԲΪ˾Ĺһʼô̼İ˵㵵ͥ磬ԾͷųˡЪˣҪ׼vˣлҵ֧֡Ϲ
ϢܴҲ½࣬߶ˡ


34
ī糺Ѫ
ʺǱīöŶģƧƫֻһˡ
¼žĬ̿ͭǮ۲²󡪡϶£Ϊԡ
ƵͭǮ̽ӳУҲǱĽ
۶ٴΣһ
˲ָ΢ĲʰͭǮģֱͭǮӲıԵǶƤ⡣
ڻҲ߳ƫ
ĵãҲǱģīųٻĽŲǰУΪǰʺǣǻڵ༱ٶҵţ
˴ƣƧˣǿߵУ£ǻеԲƽǰҲԺȻǰʺ񶾵Ļ
Լ˵ô޹඼Ҹ𣿡
īϸشһ仰˼ͨһ̣ɫٿȻ԰׵ѪɫǿҵĶĸԸӿϣҪŻ£ҵؿҪǻȳҲһ鴤ţĵĽʹ
ʹĸ˺׹޵׵Ԩ

ȵڵУҶ˸ڴϯ͸磬ȱôƿҲû˻ע⡣һ·źй䣬ԽԽԶ˼ȴȻʹĿѭȥſԵİɫӰ
һۿʱҶԼ۾ȷīʱܵǰ
˺ѷεĿԡ
ˣīſذ־߽֧һѾWѪȾ糺졣
޵ôĿ־Ķǡ
ī裬ôѾֱ˶Է֣ȥ̫ҽ
ֺԼ뿪ʱīͻʲô⣬δ˼Ҷ뱧ī裬ˣҴȥң
һֻקס˫òƳӦе¶ȣǴӱ߳ˣ
īƮֻѵ³֡
ֻקҶ¶ףīֱӣ˫īɫͫҲޣҶӡʵҪ֪˾Ҫˡ
ֻǿ˵ô仰סҵؿҶ󱳱ֻͽ͵ؿɫʹīĻֻ˵һ룬Ҳ׶Է˼īһīǳʲô⣬ûкã˾һְȻˡ
𾪳ҰĴ£Ǳʵ֪ʲôԤϵ
ʲôīֻϢʹҶ侲ӿ˵ıУԭ˵ʲôʹһʱĲҴ򣬶˼ԼݴӰ졣
īסԼ֣ܵԷָΪʹֽקס֣ľϸܵıȥŮɫ԰ף˳Ľë֪Ǻˮˮʪɫȴޱϲģᱡ顣
ֱīóһССİ״ƿҩºʹƽϢȵ״̬ԺãʶԼץҶ֣ҪջءҶûֻԼͷ
һɣҪϢƽɫ̹ϣĿˮ
īĬվûзڻҲֲҶֻ˵һ䣬ˡ
һҶȻóīЯҩȻ˵׼ֻǣѵʹ˵ֶѰ
û׷ʣϾīû˵ģضԡ
ķ㣬ůطǰΪʹҲ͡ī谲ؿͷҶִĴദɵġ
Ҷһݣȴǰ̴ľŵĵ㣬ỺڱǼ⣬
չ͸Ҷ°߲ĹӰҶĬţڴ˿̲ٶ࿴ī裬ֻĿƮĴȴȻڣǵԼĸ𣿡
û뵽īȻԼļ£Ҳʲôɻ⣬Ҷʵش𣬡ΪʷֱʱǼµͣȻǼǵõġֱ֮󣬾δĸ棬ȥҲûܼһ棬Ҳûȥ˵ţᣬȴįɫȻ˵Żǵãʵʲôģǲ
ǸǱԼ߹ѩϺЦԼһһԼʶĵˣԭѾµʴĿģƾԼȥ䣬ͬɳһ㽥нԶ
ɾ£տ֪ȷˡЩȹۼʳΪʳʮ꣬Ҳᱻĥȥġ
īĿ޵ȷҶĸǰǬ̩ʮ¿״ԪӦ½壬йʿڵ˼ȪӿԴԣȵʱˣΨһ٩٩̸ֱҪ㣬ȵΪͣյΪ״ԪĽʿԴ˽ǰ̣;ͨ
ӦΪʹʹڳʹκʱ;λκ߽أҶκ֮ϣпΪ֪㺣Եһ£ȻҲˮɡ
˻ɪҲֻҶһŮڿҶĸףޣüۺԴ˼ַâ¶ҲǳϮ丸Եʡ
ֱӦҶҲδмȢ˷ľ¡ֱڻСΪ˵Ĺ£㽵ᡣ
Ҷδ̻Ӧ֪ΪīȻԼȥĸף˿ѵõɫȥЩʲô˳ĵ顣ڻʹ˳ĵ飬Ҷһ²⣬Ǻͻʺйء
˾Լĸˣʡ
ī̧ͷһۣ¿ͷζЦһ³֣롣
ֽҶĻ˻ȥīĸ֪֮٣Ͼī*ĸīԵ͵ҲֻǸһϮ£ɫӣ겻Ļѩ˫б˪ͫǺīΪƣ˵һģ̳ҲΪ
͸˽ˣϾīٳ˻ʱǻδȻЩ굹Ҳһ˾˸鲻ĴԣԷûƾݣͲģȻҲȥī֮˵
ī׵̬ȵֵζҶδԼĸסò˵īܱȤīմϱߺ͹ĺġ
ҶԼԺѹŵЩ׽ӰԣûƴճԼϵѾվûȥˣ
̧ȥīɫǲ԰ֽһ·ҪϢһ𣬻ֱӻظ
۽Ƴһɫɫ粻Ų԰׵ùֵӣѿǰžʹ࣬ٲȥĻǻѰˡóȻȥҲǲס
л˵
Ѿvллҵϲ֧֡һʼ֪ĵ£¶ҪһдꡣjjĵһС˵ɼѾǳлˡ
ʵⱾгһӦѾʮˣīģڿ軹ģſǿҡŲνһǻᾡȥڹһӸ
ҶҪ꣬ʵһĽɫҪдö˵Ҫࡣ
Ϊǰʮ³ҵһЩ֮⣬ڵдµܵġʼ֮յ˺ֺ֧ۣܶĸҺֵܶĶ
һȽ϶࣬Һÿл˵湴ѡлøӰ۸У۶ῴлҵϲ
ԼһϢܴһ£Ұ˾ʲôòͥǿҡ
ٰǲ̫ڵĶߴһ£ǻʺµã޸īĸīܡ
ǴĸҶõĻݳĺ游յͳĺǸպܶϵġ
еðûʲôĻЩʱһ


35ʹ
Ӱޣ˼ᶨ
˻صϯʱѹ߳
˾󣬱ڽڻʺ빫µλī߻ԼλԱλļĺɹʱǳ񣬡μ
ĺɹﲢûʲô飬ֻǴʹԼλáƫƫĺɹûеͷԵŮ˵ȫһԡ
Ƭī˼ĺɹҪԵɣҲΪ⡣û뵽˶뿪ǰˣĺɹ鷳
Ŀ֮£ҲüĺʲôǾܷҩīҲǿ塣һֱƣ쳣ǻҵؿʼ
˼Զ·׼͵ԼλҶһīߵڿĺɹٳٲīʱҲܿµԵɡ
īٵ͵ʼǴڷ˼ϵˣôЩϢȥǼĺԭ͹ע⣬˵ЩʲôҲ֡
ԶԶȥҲī飬Ҷͣ˽Ųī״վǺ»ʲô⡣
ϵҲϹӣĺɹΪѣȻᱻ˿˿˵Ŀⶼְīݣֻ͵͵ţżģ˽
ڸɫζĿУĵȻֱ÷
ŮЦʱһʹϹĹŮΪÿˮ֪̫ţϵʲ̫أһСĴ˹Ϲɢīλϡ
˾ˡˡϹ̫أūһʱֻûжסŲСĴ˹ϹСŮһæߵס
īȻĬرƣֻɫñϹ°ڡ֪λļĺɹڣҲֲô˵
ϵļĺɹĿɫçײ˾屾Ͳãײ˼˾Ҫи̣õ
ū澸ū澸ŮӲڵߵס
ĹĹˣôëëšλϵļĺɹȻϲѵССĹ澣ȴƫƫһԵī衣
ȻǼĺɹֻ΢һĻµѲ²ĺɹΪԵɣѹŵĵĹϵӬһӡͷɹֿۣʼԼԼʹޱϸܵı
Ȼ֪£ڵϿͷʲôáԽɤȥյȣȪʯڴ˿
īۣ۽ƳվԼӰޣҪͫȴ˼ᶨ񲻿۵
Ҷֻżĺɹ˸ֱվȫȻϲɫڵϵŮȫˣϽʰˣ˿ʲôͳλˣȥ˾׼µλáλԻиλŲҵλ԰ɡ
ڶģļĺɹҷ⹬ϵӲ̵޷ԼļҪóôī裬ҲԼıӡǸȨƵĿҲ꣬ͳʹֵʵǰʵҲΪȥ˼˾ӡ
ҶȻ֪˿ѾΪⳡĽ㣬ĺɹû뵽·ɱһʱ벻ӦԣֻԸŹ˽˴ɨɾΪī׼µλá
ڿī԰׵ķɫʱŶԷ֡
īζעҶ֣Է۵·ȫȻ֪˿ж˫۾˼ض˰βվл
վԼҲֵø
ȻϾߵܵ磬˾ϽλðɡĺɹԼĺ±ҶƣֻǿŭϽ˴ߣһīֻܱȥ·깵λãվ泩ࡣ
Щڲλϣվǻᱻȥġ

ûоںǰĹ磿īҶλʱҶ֪ǳʲô̬ʵ
񡣡īػشɫҲյĹһ䵭տٰزԣյҰš
Ҷа̾û뵽ǸԺû˵ָ˫䵭ȷ׿ģԼʱǵ㲻Ըת˻⣬īȻûʲôĲΪ㣬Ҳû
īüͷԲ졣ѾٻὫ˷õϣΪҲȨƣûвĹˡ
ĳ谮糯¶ǶôóĹʵʵĶȴ޼ȵյת⣬ǻλϵ˻λãЩȻҲɢ
ǵ㰮ںôõİϷīСӹҼҲ𣬼ʹԼҲö໨ʲôȥƽϡҲʲôʵԵ˺
ȵʲôʱס˸мֵĶŻԸֳЩԴ
īһν̬ȣҶ¶Ц٩˾˲Ҫô˵ԵӲŻ㡣
īָһ٣󴽽һĨЦѵô
Ҷһ˲;ֻصǸ䣬īҲ׸ԼһΪѵ⣬ϾصȴԼĻشʵ̫ȴ̫͸
ȷī˵˸޷һûѡīͼĺɹ֮ѡ˵Ӽĺɹимֵļ˾顣
Ȩ⣬һ񡣿ī˫ڰͫע£ҶȴһЩε
ֻֻǿһ˹µⳡʱԼվ
Ҷ۵ǵϸ΢īУҲʲôô⸱飿Ӳֲʲô¡ҶߣīɫЩҿԸңим
ûмʳĵ⡣
֮͡ǰһĻʶֻί˾ҪݲƫƧλˡ
ī费ԾλòҪϵ£ƫƧ徻ϲµλױѣµʽϵΡ
仰ϹϹҶָһ٣ʶĴԼλһ·ӵλλüʹ˿ѾοտգȻҵڿҵ̷õǰ
ȵٿīʱԷȻۣĿĴģ
ⳡѾβûãͱɢҶǴβ˳·īͻظϣ˭֪һŮسһ񣬽һƧ֮ء
ƽʺ롣
л˵
ǸƺСĸðˣʹ
⼸ĸ¾Ϊ


36£
Ҷһ壬Ȼڴͳ
Ҷһ͹ȱ粱̣ҲǻΪеһ𾪡
ԵȣϾ͵Ҷڵ£ŮΪһյ󣬾Ͱˡ
ڵһʱֻʣһˣҶյһڣǲ֪ʲôֵûʺһˡīٳѾʮ꣬ûͻʺ˽й棬˵к˽
ӳѩΣСյʱ䴫ɤλµĸ˴߳üۺЦ
ζظʣƷ֮ӦѩˮݳӳѩƷʵϳˡҶ²յ񣬶Ÿ˻һЦμʺ
ƽ𡣡ʺæҶϲûظȥ
ʺרΪⱱز裬£ζѲԶ䲻ȱҶȴҲ÷˻ʺӡǾͶлˡ
ʺҲûм˵ԼĿģżҳЩīסÿɻϰߣʲôӦһҪ˵
īٶѾʮˣԼڱʱ仹ҪʲôϰҲϰߣǻʺ󣬱˵ŵʵϺ֮ûС
ҶȻĵغͻʺһһͣȵʺͲסڵƽҪi˵ƴһǶ˿㡣iлİ
Ȼ̫£Լġ
ʺʵ̫ˣɷƽ̫ӵ鰸ŮҲʲô;֪£ǳӦġҶϵˮ©ȻԼĽ޻ڳӱ֮С
Ȼ֪ƽҶϣҶһ֧ͳʺ΢΢һЦķڹ¹ҫۡ
ñӿ۵ȷʵ㹻ߣͳȻǰָ̫ӣϾٲܳ裬Ҳ˳ļ̳ˣܳ裬ҲֻǸӡ
Ҷϸ̫ʵ֪֮Σ֮СЧұ£Ϊر˿ҶɫؽƤ˻ȥ
һϾ֮λãһվֻ̫ӡҶЧҵǱ£Ǳµļ̳ˡ
ˮҲðڳ
ʺȻöҶƴǣȻ֪ҶҪʲôиЧ̫ӵҲ¡
̫Ӷ֪ƽһǻֻȱһʩչʺҶ̫ͫӰţ֪Ÿɣÿɳ
Ϲſھ˶ʶʺ֪ʲôŸɡȷ֪ԼҪʲôģȻĶ
ҶѾʮûԼĸףŻʺһһ˵̫ӺЩжٲףܹĸĸӣҡҷ³µͫ˫пԼĸ׵ĺۼ۽ᣬ˵ԼΨһĶӣҶпȴȼյ̣һеطգɼ֮ﶼΪԼн񣬽һɴ
Լĸ׿Լʱεɫȫͬ
ʺԸǿƣ̫ȴǸΨΨŵŵӹųӣȫԼĸװѳ֣˵ʲôʲô£Լĸ档ұӴ󣬿Ԥ̫ӵǻֻݰѳֳĻҳá
⼸ӣǸиȱݣʵɴĽɫ
ҶŻʺߣԼװɱڶĹ¶ĸڵȵ˵꣬ĿƵؿԼѵԸ̱Ѷ˵ǻ𣿡
ҶȻûб̬һҧ룬ǵǻԸÿĸŮžֻۡҪԸ̫ӣĸŮžָۣ̳տɴ
ʺԼǰ޼ɵ˵޷֪Լڴһϼֲ鰸ѾŮ˵ȷǺҪʲôǻصأĸŮžۣΡûоܾɡ
ȻǻҲж࿴̫ӣʽ׶ȷ
˼Ƭ̣ҶŻʺһԼĸǳǳػһҶһȻڴͳġ
ֻһ˲䣬˫䵭īʺԼ

ڿԼСظʱǲ԰׵ɫŵö޳ˣŰԼķ䣬С㣬С㣬ôҩϺãҪҪȥд򣿡
ˡһ˵袣
ԼС⸱ԴԼ̬Ǻް취ֻȥҩī¡
īҩյе¶ůģԼŽڵĴС
ˣС㣬Щ˵лƾ֮˵ĶЩزʲôֵǮĶһƬ⣬ϣ¡ҿ˿ȷҲЩزû֮Բƾܣˡ
ţٸЩ̲ε·СЩͼעⰲȫ̵յпɬҩ֭ĶҲòϣȥ˾ͺá
һγݴʷԽն󣬿ȱĳݴʷһְͳ˸ķʲΪְͷ˭֪Ȼƽƽ˹ְ˶ûʲôӡڷִ˽γݴʷżææȥıȴ˾Ѿڳʮĵط٣Ϊÿһ̫ƽֻΪûбҲվӣʮǨٶȻ
ǲȥ꾹ȻǱɸɾȻݴʷû䵽Էϣôһû䵽ԼҲԽܣҲͷĬΡ
յҩڷ뿪īŴỽһ롣
С㡣ӦĻĺ̷롣
ī΢üĿİ빣ڵİжҸģ룬ֲҪʮǰҾڵġ
˼Ƭ̣¶ɫС㣬Ҳûʮꡣټμ֮λʱһˣһҲûˡ
īҧŴ꣬¶ݣΪԼʧաǴЩʶʱֻԼײŮ˳ɲµĶûɫĶͻ֪꣬ڻõǣ
ҡԼܻ˻ţֻҪǵ¾ͶҴ
ǡ
ӳǱߡ
Сģ˶ţҵ
ЩʱҴһˡī˼ãվ˾
С㣬·Զѣ𡱽ʶҪȰ裬ڿīɨ䵭ʱɫջ˻ǣΪ㡣
ī費֪ʱѾվڽǰʱֻܿɫѩ䡣ȹǵļͷ룬ҼȲҪЧҸ׵ģҲҪЧīϵģֻҪЧҵˣ
ŮߵףС˶ȳСһΣֻϵСīϵļеİҲһ
֪˶ãͷǵ޵ջأ°ɡ
ڽ뿪ī̧ͷǽǸŵͼͨʶī٣ڶߵм䡣
ҡҷͫī
֪ٶУٽֻǱ棬ֻʵʵڻҪĶӮҡ
л˵
ðûã±Ƚ
Ƿǳлҵ֧ϲϹġ


37ͽ
õʲôأ
ƣһ¶ڸЩʲôãϵĿֽҳĿĳ֣ǰĽüͷԽԽɴһ˱˸ǰȫڿӯϸµһ룡
ڨڨ˱źãһĨЦߺ¥Ͳ̫
䣬ϵıʼҵϣһƬϣ㻹˼˵һû㣬ôƤܵģ
蹫ϢŭϻЦһʼӶ˷ֳɲûԼΪֻЩƢ޴ȥʱ䵽˻ǻԹԼ˭֪
̾Ϣһ˭֪ȵԼʱһ˾ƾʧˣǼӶҲӰȵ¶棬˾ڽ԰ķ¥ݡ
ԽͷԽʢ˭֪ôһˣƤӵȥ˷¥˹ˣ¥¥ǽţϹ𣿡
ﰵ̾ȻǰĪôͣϵڱǶǽŵġ˵ԼֱۣѵһֻܼЦѾ˸ˣǸƯ
ʲôãʮ˲һ׬ö࣡¥ڿЩ̵Ĺַһ񣬡ӹ֬׷۰ˡ
Դߺ󣬳ЩһǧԩͷҲȫȥ˽԰¥һ˴롣
ԽԽƣ߷߲ƽӡԼĸ׵æһﳼ֮Ķϴڻ֪ں篸ĸ̨ǰЦԼƽĳԸΪ檣ȻʶôҪ˵ȥ¥׬Ǯ
˭֪˰¥ͷƣÿ°׻ӽˣҲֻ檵˼ıϾ¥ڣӳ飬ͼ֮˭֪˸ͼûˡ
Ҫ֪¥Ͼ̫ӵ³ʽģÿ¶Ҫ߲ӯÿӪ˴룬ʣµǮﹻԺֵġ
ˣ͵˾ʲô취ĸҽл
⡱¶ɫҲûȥҹģ¥Ƕ̤ȥ
Щ˵ĴʱԽ¥ȥѲһ춼ȫ¥ȥˣ
ˣס˽լͿһˣҲ֪ס
ڷⲽɫ˼˺һӲźȻڣĲǻǼƿ𣿴ҲСܺ˰ɣһߵǰŹ⽫ͶӰŨصͿĨڵ棬Ǽƿסӻ
æصͷˣˡ
һЦ¶ʤȯյ飬úøɣʲôӣ³ɺٲǵĺô

¥¥ӽõż䣬Դī󣬾ĬϳΪרĿͷ
ǵ΢һǣīעһ¥ϽǴеĽ䣬˿̲Ƿ㣬ȴ֣ù鹦ⶫϽǾкüŶ
ȷҶһ¥ȴǰ˼¡Ͼ㷹֮ϻǮ˻̲סԱߵĶСļѡ
¥ͷܶײ죬˶ɴעľҡӣ·ҡεԼࡣ
ѣǼһϲҳȴעӮѾ׬
˾ڿʲô뷿ŮȻԼˣᳵ·ؿٹţߵߡ
ƺû˵īŲûת
ŶҶбǽ棬΢ƫͷʱһЦԵøƻģΪ˾ˣȴƫƫģǾӦڵҡ
ȷڵҶ˵еĸоЩ΢Ĳá
˳۽΢ЩܶңͲΪˡ
Ǵкģ˵һͺá
īڴʱתͷǷġ
˾зִ磬ȻǷĵġҶüۺЦɽͷ˻ȥ
īδδֻ¿¥¡ҶҲŴչ˳Ŀ¿ȥʲôôע
еָһһλ˺ǰҡˣڳǧ
Ҷ죬ϸŶǰҡˣҲû֮ôԶǧǺѿַġ
ÿǵַ㿴ÿҡǰǶύע˺ֻܽżڱ˶ԥʱŻעñ˺һע
Ҷϸһ󣬷ֵȷī˵üû뵽¥˺¥һõ͡һ¡
˵ŷԸ˼䣬ûþͿ¥˲ɫش˳ǧĶˣĳУͷĶͽȫûע⵽ССĲ
Ҫл˾ۣƳ档ҶЦ߻ط䣬ȴīζֻһ˶Էĺ壬εЦŽޱ鷢󣬡ô˾ǾҰŵģ
һʶȵʹܴ̼ͷĶͽ
仰ҶһĻȣ纬ŵĵʱ俪ǹɫǴС˭˭ӮׯҶӮңûҪһЩõֶΡ
ϧҲǶͽҲׯʹҶЦݣ˫īɫȴȻ޲һ
Ȼ뿴˫ģżڵǰ£һֳǿī裬ôǼ˾ûȤҶһ֣
ɫ˫ʱ¶ȣ롣
ҲŶˡȻ˵ţīȴȻ°ҶλáӦһעֻʤҽܵĽ֡
СҲ飬νעҲʤ˾ôҲЩͷĶͽҶó̴ľѺͼöµҲûϵīӦˬ졣
ī˵Ļȴ죬޶עɳ֮ΪģָƣỺõʲôأ
һʱ޻Ҷī飬Էɫ糣ֲãΪȤԼ
֪ԼʲôƵģҲΪáȻϼ˾ش˱֮κ˵ʣô꣬*;Եѿ֪ҡ˵Ǽ˾ڵ塣
˫īɫͫճ͸ɫ󣬻ҡҷݾһģˣҿԻشһ⡣ͷһεģҶīнЦݣȻķΧڡ
޳̴ָľϣָΪ˼ʶǳİסȷû뵽ģıֻһ̽̽īԸ񣬼ָҶģָѹϼֳ룬˿ԼȴȨ˼ŶԷĳ롣˾һ𣬿ҲһĲֵȻˣעˡ
ΣҶڿڣ˾Ķע˰Ҫʲô˾㲻أ
ϵɰ죬ͬ˸Ե;żӣϵĸѹϳ룬СżһƬĿԣڤڤ֮Ҷȴ֪һĲѹ̫δ֪
ī軺ڣɤһƽ䣬ѩȴƻ˲Сӣ˰㸩Ų
ضĿҪģһŵ
л˵
ô˭Ӯأע


38
ֻǾüʹҲԽܡ
̴ľҡ죬ǣҡ
ҡҶڻҿľѡö붼ʺ㣬޵ôĿ
󡣡ҶԼҲûԤϵӮˣ˾ˡ
ϲīҪ࣬Ҳֻ΢˿Ҷ˵ȷѣʺ϶
˳ָһöа棬ƽϰݵĴУעīƽɫľֵӮǷҲڼ˾Ԥ֮У
᣿īҡͷ˵ҴӦһעֻӮҽܵĽ֡ԡ΢̧ԭɫͫڵƻӳ·Ө͸ֻǾüʹҲԽܡ
ҶеĹ⣬ֻļһͬ͡ǺϾ̬ԼӮⳡעȴƺҡ
ī迴ĳᣬֻȤζעķӦʲô𣿡԰ջ䣬ǧѷĻᣬؿ
Ժ⣬ֱֻץס֮Դͷǰǳ磬ߣǲ⣿
īüͷеΪȻûԤϵԷʳ⣬ʱĸҪ𣿡
磿Ҷߵī߸ӣЩζͷĻλ׻˭ң˾ҲҴ𣿡
̴ľǳζī۽ᴹԵ˿̵ѱ޺ȥֻܿӨ˱뻡ϸĲҵȻԸ߿𰸣ֻδ̫ȤҸϣԼȥ̡֤
ǳ¶ĻȻֹҶָһ㡣żķ¥ȻУһ˼䷱ģȫȻ֪ССżۺεȾҰĻ⡣
Ͳڼ˾ķΧˣǲͻشһʼɣˡ
īעҶãտڣѡڿߣһΪʺǣȷΪλԱǿˡƶϣ˵ûд
Ϊʲôʶ׷ʡ
īȴֻҡҡͷֻǸ̬һˣ
ҶīԸ࣬ƶϲûдǳ֮ī֮ǣԽԽ
īһʼӽԼͼıԼϵõʲôأ
ǺһĶ𡪡ܵ˲²⣬벻Լľʲôֵ֮īע
һԷǻĪģȻҲǴʲġ
ī½ɢӷ̴ľһʼʱұкֵĿģҵĻʱ˿ǲ
Ȼī軹ԼģȻڿЩнĵ޷ƵΣա
˾֮ˣҵȻҲδףһӦҲ֮顣ҶǵЦݴ˿Ե࣬Цδ۵ס
ֻһôҶﺱشЩīȻóʣԶ޲ƽ
պӦᣬؼһʱҶһѾīߵλãߡ
òī費ɫԱһ㣬ֻǽһ󡣡
Ҷ΢в죬Լû뵽Ҳˣ˾ȻŻشҵ⣬Ҳر˵޷
Ҳʲô£ֻǷһ顣īƬ̣˵ҪһֻӥīٵشϣѰѵصӥԱӦǱҸзŪһֻӥġٹЩʱգֱӰӥˣҲþϾʲôҲû顣
λڱȷѵӥæǲԵĴͳЩϵȥѰһֻѵصӥȻһ¡
⵹ǲѣҲвѵӥˣһֻϺõӥ͸ǡҶȴز׽īеĹؼʣֻǣ˾Ƿµ顪ԺѸٻʱĽ̸ǴʱǷµģ
һ㵹ǳīԤϣһַֻס˶ͷͬ˵ˣ
֪ϣǰѲסš
˾˶ҵĹעܳҶбߣڴ˿̴յøЩƵζ˿Ҫл˾ľ֮ˡ
ЩƤˣֻ֮˵һЩķԶ˵˶ţɷ˿ɽ£ԸæѾȰˡī费ɫƽӱϿʲô
˫ɫȴӣҲڼ˾Ԥ֮У
īѵ¶飬DַܴӣȻԤϲġ
˾ڷ粨Уȴ֪粨£۽ܳһζЦȻ֪ī貢ǸŴµļ˾֮㣬𾪡
ǲǱ֪粨£Ҳ֪ҵȷ֪һԿҪ顣Ҷɻ飬īŴлóһֽţҿҪ»ǴлǰЩʱ߻ϿİæҪδлɿȱһЩмֵĶ
Ҷǻɻؽӹīֽţϻ̿ʱֻúһͣ༱ٵЩֽŵıԵק壬Сĵɿ
ôôСѵõ״ַȷֽϵͼǣǼĵͼغ󴩹ϿǹҰЩͼϵıǣκ˵פôйκĲͼ
⣬ϿվУϿκ˹κ˶ϲӣغǻ֮أʶٻ뿪⡣ԴǰعƳңⱱʱռԭͶƬ֪֮٣õĵͼǰƳµİ汾תңԶıкα仯Ҳ֪
ĸҲ»ƹͼǳغ˶ȥ޻أҲһֱδɡ
ϿҰֲݷʣ觴Ӵѵõޣʺͱ֪ġ
īϵ֪һѡī˵ͼϵıǣ֪ϢҲı֣˽⣬ϴӹϢʶҲҪʱ䣬Ҳ֪ΣΨһȷǣ꿪κڹҰͱ
ڳûа㱱ҪսϢڵĳпɻǸƽûб̫ƽϢ
ɻʵ֪£ĸҲ֪īŻŨҹɫĸףѾڽ͢ʩѹˡ
л˵
Ҷ֪ĲƱ
ī裺ôܡ
Ǽ˾ŶǺڹҪ̫
ȽæһddlҪϣҪ׼塣һ˵µʱҾͻǳˡ
ϻӭһǳҪľ߳Ҫһʱȥĥõĳ֣л⡣


39
ʱɽ㡣
īٳǽ
ϳĶ꣬ž£ǽïܵҶҲ졣
գصһ·УˮڳǰŮѹ˶ңĬߴƥٿһЩ
ڴģ壬ֱһƥܾ˻ǰ㣬Ҳͣ
ܿ̽һͷʢ㣬ôˣǱһ׸˰ɣͿ쵽īˣ鲻á
ʢûлش𣬷קעǰĿ⿴ȥɫҲһ˲
ǰĵϺȻһǶе̵İ
ϴأҲᱻŵѰɽҰ֮˰ɽҲ֣ƫƫǻʳǽ⣬ӽ¡Ѱɽڴ˴£ڵͣ
˵Ҳ֣ȻŴ꣬īٳǽҲЩףȻˡ
ʢãհγ嵶׼նڴ˿һϮתת˲ѾС
ǹֶֻЩĪҪΪѡʢŵ
ʱѾɫΧˣһϮ£ͷñڸסò
Ϊ׵θѾһɴñȴߣڵʵʵԣֻһЦδջнǲ֪ʲôֵöλһ·۸ϵī١
زҩĵģ鲻á˷˪ƽʢݻش
˳򢣬˻⣬ųȥϵǵʢȴԷͷĬҲֻóλãɼ˼˳ڵӡ
ϸһȷڵȷûӣҲǰڷϡҩġǰӸΪ׵˹ĿֻɨһۣʢѩɫϺãǱѩɽǧѩ
ʢΪŵӰһСɽֻҩģҩĵ
ŶȷûΣֺǣ֪˭õǧѩ
ʢڴһѫ֣룬еȷˣĴȴЦЦɾ֪˵ĲӦòѩнָʢˣЩ׾ӵĽˣҲҵҪʲôɡ
ʢüͷ֪˵Ӧ֪ǵʵݡֻȨƬ̣˾ߵϺߣҸϺ󣡡
ϻ⣬֪·ͬСɣֻʢһۣʩչṦź˵ȱڳ۶ӣڴмȾûӰ
˵׷ȴǱʢӲᵶס˸˷ֹУʢȻ˾ƹ뿪
ʶôڽʾԼ׷ϣԼִʢֺɱУµҲѸٰν˲
ʢ۽Ƴ뿪ķȷ뿪˼ֻרעеУǰսһÿһγ鵶ӵûֻԵ

ԽԽƳڱ⣬ҲҹΨһĹ˸ĵ⣬Ŵ̶صԵ΢š
ѪŽе䣬ֺܿ챻ˮˢ
ʢ󴦵ľնϣѾ޷յؿڴһȻأɽ㣬ѪˮϡͳɵȾء
˵ĽʺĿ˵ĶˣīٳǽͷĵطĶ
ʢйʱ䣬ԼѾ൱ʱ䣬˵ûзأûץϡˣֻЦһûд
Ӳûϵеǰ취㿪ڡЦһʾ½ߣȥˣʳ
⣬ն׼ʢʱ˭֪лû˵ȴٰγذף׼ȷͱ޷ɴֻۣü϶ûϢ
Ҫֹʱȴҧ˿ǻеҩ裬ۡ
סʢĲҪҩ³ԷۿɼطȥѪɫʶ֮ƺ͵һʲôϧưû壬̽ϢʱѾû
˳Ĭţˮߣһει
ˣѾˡıӰС䣬ǡ
ȻĬУֱ˺һӣǰȥ׷ɱϵļ½ء
ˣܣСṦ˵ãǸˣûܹ׷һ˹ڲΧȻ˺üʱ̲䣬ͿѩİǾ綾ͻᶾ
ҪˣҪʬ˾綾ʬףҲҪšܻ죬˭ֻ֪ᷭʲôţǾͺܱܿ¶
ǣ˶ӦܲԶȥѰ
ץһ汻ӽУӣ͸ҵˡսʣһ۵ʢʬ壬ɾºۼ
ưôˢۻµĺۼ


ʱڣܱ䣬ѩҲڻҶʢ
ѵģڵǷ̿ڴߵŮӻů¯ɫ԰סϸüĿҶֵƣȴֵâǱѩпıµĳĥ£ټȴҲвҲڸǲǱǵ
ƣѾʱˣҶĦţŮ
ʱգش𣬡£գų̣ӦҲ쵽ˡ
ܾЩЩȥǵţҶܵزġ
ϸΪϵ磬ο£ʢţʢǰǸĸҲŽ̳ģֶ⣬һһģʲôġ
ҼʱɹǵģֻǵīǱʲô⣬ϾЩŵˣ½½Ҳ˲١Ҷ¶ɫ
ϾЩ꣬ıٶ࣬վԶ뾩ǣܵһʱ֪Ϣܻ©
£ҪʢǣҲҪſһ߰οҶѾʮûҶҲ̲סᡣ
Ҷʶؿ޵ǽ棬ǰѩͥһֱǽϣǰ꽻ҶΪ彣
ҲعٹԻͣȴҲҪû
ӻãơҶΪظ׻꣬ĻãҲ֪ûлῴ
˵ʲôأ϶ԿģһԺͿһ𿴵ġƼæֹסҶĻͷ
ҶҲپ⣬ֻϼ׻أԭüĿҲЦůòˡ
л˵
һ£˳Ư顣
ϾǷǳҪľˡ


40
֮ˣذٱ֮ҡ
ͥʢҡ䣬Ʈ仨䣬°ĽɻҶһЮҶ׷ɣ׹䡣
ɫףȴƣ뽭ɪɪ뽭죬伫޼
Ѿһ罣ˣϢһ¡˶һϹͥԺУעҶӰãֱһĽУڿڡ
Ҷޱ鷢ڶнδ£գҪڼӲиá
ҲҪעݽϡĽƹԵǽĵĵһӣһ𣿡
Ҷһ۵йϹȷӦˮ϶Ѿϸϸкãվǲ˷ѶԷһƬ⣬ߵͥԺα¡
Ҳ̫ˣԵôࡣĿŵˮҶЦЦһȥָ˰ɡ
һ㲻Ҫϲĳԣʣµȥ˾ͺáĽƹ齫Եӵݵǰ
Ҷһڣ𣬹ȷζҲ԰ɣôҷҲԲꡣ
ǹһԣҶźԼæкһûĽƹˡϸüĿоɫȥЩ㲣û㣬æʲô£
Ľƹ鴹¶ΣǻʱڣҪæЩʱⱼɹ
ĽƹĸŵĺӣͬԼһī٣ʱϻۣвŸɣЩԼֻССʷȴҲ벻ʮҶʼĻΣûĲŻ
ǰͺ˵ҲöעЩԼЩ¸ý˰ͽˣԲ͡ҶԥƬ̣ǿ
ôأЩΪҲŷġ
Ȼһ˵ǡô˵ΣһĻشҶҲԸ϶ѿࡣ
ȵˮĽƹ飬Ҷסѩͥ׼ʱȴƼͥԺ䴦۵Ӱ
ȷ˺ߵ˽䣬£
Ӱеİߵ˼仰Ҷɫ󺧣Щûнȷ
ͷҶɫнʣֱǽڶף֪ˡ

ҹȻ¥ƱյֽԣּȻҲ˻עҴйŮƽ¥ڿ˽ȡ
ҶɫҴң磬ôˣ
͡Ҳѵɫ࣬һ·СŸҶĽŲüʱ˾һֱ˵Ҫͳܸϵϼһ档
ԣѾ°ڿ첽ŰұȥŶ룬ѾŵŨҵѪҩĿɬϢҶܵ䣬ѾЩ䴲ϵɫ԰ף࣬ϻŲҶҽҲܿ˿һߡ
Ǳһ˿ϣԱĴ򣬡ϵΣ
һۣҡͷʲô;˵ɡӵ¥ʱѾˣҪһͿо綾ѩѩﶾңΪ˳ŵȥϵѪӻ˶ҲѾΪʱֵܼʵ
Ѿ췦
Ҷתϵϣߵƽȣϣô˵𣿡
ۣ˿ѾģֻܿӰӰ´µǻǹһĨЦӻļвȡһŷ⣬µ͵ˡ
Ҷӹµŷ⣬ܱ棬ҲȻбް塣˿˼ĸ׵ţֻ˵
Ҷ˵𣬵ϻǲҶ½궬Ѫ³ŲһҪЩ
ĸ׵ĺҲԤϣĸײ͢ʩѹ˿ֻŵ֪ģ㱣֤һᾡص
ԼʹѾɣڷҶ֪Ѿ췦ڴ˿ֻΪ߶Щʲôϣ㻹ǵʲôϮ𣿡
һīٳǽľϵקסҶڣһȺ书ܺáʢΪ˱ңŶϺ
ԼѾӻīٳǣȴûʢϢϱ֪ԼϺ󣬶ӭսǸ˺ʢ׶༪١ͷģ£书ܺá·ЩϤ
ٸҶͷһ˵ʲôʢҲһˣ
ϼѵͷ
˵ǵ书·ϤˣҶæ׷ʡ
ҲδȺ˶ཻ֣˿Ҳ䲻𾿾δΡֻ·ȥʹҲֻþһקҶ°ڣһҪչ硱
ܿקסҶ°ڵţǰģĹӰҲڰק׹ޱߵԨ
ʶǱһذ׷ѩ
Ҷֱ֣һƬŷ֪ʱѾ档
ڿһĻʱ£ֻҶһˡ
ϣʢ̣ڴģкǵˣһҳңó
谵ķУɤͳɬȴּᶨŵԡɻӦֻļž
ڽͷģָ첻
ʢĸأĸ׳ĸƶֱĸĸ׿ܴؾӪһһ˸λáҶļУǸĬԣ۰Լĳʱĸ׹æʱʢԼϣ̵ֽ֣ϰ䡣
ս½٣ĸ׾ʢأ˼ܣҲʼҲһþ
ĸ½ĶӣֻԼһ꣬˶ʱһˣṦ츳ͰͨѶһְʶЩԼ뱱ص磬Ҳڸ
˭֪ǶĽֻأ
ڰ
֪˶ãŲһ־ݵǰ
Ҷ̧ͷɫݵվԼǰ
㶼֪ˡû̫Ծϸ緢Ӹֶ֪Լʵݡ
˵ӽ¥Ժʱҿġʲô˵ֻ˵ҪĴǶԿĵˡ
ҶЦǰʱ룬ʢ̣ҪûôģǲǾͿһѣ
ҲģսϣҲƫƫǱΪҶ޷Ϊᣬʢ̵ʬףҶ֪ȥδѰ
ԭʱɽǣҲһݳޡ
ⲻǿĴСĵؽ־ҶУҵ˱ݺҲܻ룬СһЩǲǾͲᱻ˶ϣҪôɣ֮ġ
Ҷһһ߬ģ۵кŭճɵĻ档
ҷģˣһḶǧٱĴۡ
л˵
дڣƺǵһĬ
ϾҪϲľˣԿī跢ˡ


41¾
Ӧøлô
¹͸Ҷ©ͬѩ
Ҷ£ڽ*ӽӵ¥Ϊ˱ⱻյ϶ţ˳īٳլԺ͸뺢ӾסԺһֲӻ¹͸籡
ʱҹԺеڶϨһƬžѾż˯¡
ҹɫӳҹµӰԺǽϢԺڣŲӯؿ˴£ȷ˲˺ͷСĵͱ˴ֽһҪƵ̡
ڴʱһ̧һƷĽеϣǶһöͨ覣ʵ˶ɫʯ¹ӳ¹⻪תʱĹɫ
Ľǿ˶ıʯ׾סĿ⣬һʱ˴˿̵ΣգòŻع˳Žȥһ˫ڰ׷ͫߡ
ذɫҹ꼣иơɫʤѩɫִŴݣʫ¡Ƕ˫޸
ĿԣƫƫҲִֻסǸܣٶදڷȷ˶ԷкŮСҪջܣŮֹĶཀྵ֣Էûκò˼ֻһᣬҪܡ
ʯ֮䣬ֻһʹʹɿʱֱܵһŮС
ؼҩȻ䵽У֪˾࣬γָǵʲôˣҪ¡
ҲʣᵭʱƮɢڷУīֻ־ͽС
ۿԷȫûнƷ˼̳жҩļҲΧΧס
ԳƵײ֮γУŮֻýʸ񵲣ͷβнʣҹɫֻܿǿɫʯ͸ɫ
ī۽Ƴݣ񶷵Ӧòھڳ˯ˡ
ۿͻƲķأҲڼ˲ʹҲֻŲŲ㡣
ɨȴֶһǡ
Ӣһȴ̳ô˶ӣ˶Ժֵ˼ֱߵĽУīڿڣ֮ⲻԶ
ͷ˵ɴۣڼܣȴ֪Ϊζ֪Լӡ
ϸ΢仯īУ֪Լƶϵȷס˳Ľ
ϻ⻮ҹɫʵĳ磬͸ɫƣһұ֮
ϧڳ˶ûлῴֻܿһϽ⻮
漫Ѫ
һҽжδܷͱʺŵصɴ۾أѪɽȴֻ˻Ƶܿû
ٶʱʣȴڽ֮СֻƮ汻նϵӻѪ֤ʵŽгʵĺۼ
һͷ˾֪˼Ķ֣ȻҪӿɹ
˾ҪѸӴܣ쳷
䣬ȻɫĽ⻮Ѫҹɫ罦Ѫɫıַͬһĸʺ˶ûüͷ׷׵أ˿ѪʯĵһƬɫѪۡ
һɱʼٸȴȻʤѩδմϰѪۣüǹ߳䵭ȻȫȻһɱ¾
ͷתͷһܾȻֻʣһˣ´󺧣ʶԷԼһô㣬Źʲô˵ֻʵعԼӣģץ⼸Сȥвģ
īǱ䵭ȻҪ޴Զ׼Ĵ𰸡ԷҪץס°ˡֱýӶصסֻڨڨջ֡
Ľʵסʺʣ𡣡
ǣǡ
ͣڻвӰ𣿡
ûУү֮ҾͲ벻ӰˣֻЩӰɲүӵϣҲΪ¡
ΪʲôôִҪһģ
蹫Ĺ˵һĺ󣬾ҪΪ檣ٳȥͷ¶棬Լ׬Ǯ뷨ԽԽᣬҲݡ
ʺĽԶһ£īҲԼȷǶ˼ˣǸ߹
ʸرƽʺīɤٿȻ֣ʮǰǷȥӳǣ
⡱״òŵʮǰҲŸңүô֪١
ۿīޱ飬û˵˼˵Ķʵˣү£Щආ֪ģ
ڴ˿̿˽гʵʱ̣Ҳӳճ
ѪŽ䣬Ϲ⻪죬ֱѪ۵ξսʡ
ųī󣬡С㣬ԶֵģǾͺá
Զ֣ôܼ⣿н뻳Уīɨһصʬ壬Щʬ崦һ£õʱŵٶ࿴һԼոɱˣ¡
֣ܿؽʬߣɾֻīҪһߣ;¡
վ£ƳڣȷǰĶûоڳ˯ˣŻǰ¡

ҶӵϢʱҲ˽ҹ겻Ƶ
̤լԺԺʱŵѪϢɷĿȥԺڿһˣֻͥԺһĿʬ塣
ӿһֲԤУ²⣬ǿ첽ͥڣڿµӰ
ΪӰûҹɫ֮УòУνȳֱӰʲôˣ
׵Ľ汻һظ񵲣Ỻͣ¡ŽеӳɫҶ˸סԼǻƷĽʣǶͨγĵϱʯ
ѩͥҲ򱱺Ҷٵ彣ĺȴҪʱֿѵĺνôī΢ƫͷѩͥĽԼһ㡣
δջؽ뽣ʽ֣ɫȥī۵̹ɽյľҶ鷳꣬ɽ࣬нȻīǰЩǰľ£汲ǲ޹ϵī裬һĽ͡
۽΢ָϳ棬ָ·ʱܱиơҪʲôأһԶ׼ЩԿٶȣѾ˴鷳˰ɡ
̧ʱ¹ȻͫᲨ٣ױɹƻġ
ʱҲỺͬ黰Ӧøлô
л˵
Ҷ彣ѩͥ⣬ī彣ǰ͸һ£ѽֶ壬ҲԼĹ£лὲ
ī裬ȫеӣˣ״̬ǣڿķڡ
һ¾Ҫ߳дϲˣܺãһ齱ףн˭ڵдС˵ˡ


42
΢ͬŮͩ
лҶɵЦͥԺڱ鲼Ѫ˾ĽʽѵǸ˸鷳
Լãī跴ʣЩѾ֪ĵסѵҪ°⼸ӣɱ˲һ˰˵ķʽ
˵ȥͽ棬֪¥ϰʵݣ
Ҷ۾¶һּΣյɫ˾˵ЦʲôҵݣѵѾеİѱʱԸˡ
ôأȻܣôȻҲҵܡûи͵ɡѩͥĽ࣬Ҳûаη壬ɫ糣
ǡҶЦɾ͸īڽϵָһϸϸѪۣѪϽУҲûսīʺ
Ľʺİ𪼡ϣܹܵ¶ȡҲûаη֮⣬Ǽѱɽʺţ¹԰׵ļ嵭ü͸ƤµѪܶɼ
Ҷɤ䣬϶µظī裬ôȻͷβֻһ£֮⣬㰮ʲô£Ҷġҵ·ͱʲôǰĽ飬ҲŹ㡣
Ҽʱֵ·أ˵ˣûôƽػش𣬿ɫζֹ㣬кֱܶķʽò͡
伫Ἣǳҹ紵ϣʹҪ
Ҷл˵ȥ
ڼ׳³îʱҹ֮ʱҶ

û뵽ī边Ȼע
īỺǼ׳³îʱ΢˸ָڱء
ҶɫٿȻ԰Щ֪īȷ˵Ĳ
˵֮ʱǳ轻̣֮΢˸ָڱء
з˴˵еһ巡֡˻òڵ˵ѻɣϷʶīеľ֮л֮ϣĻ⡰巡֡Ҷرذ꣬λһֱǷ˼λã֪֮졣
˻Ǵ٣Ҳͷءĸ׵Ҫˣ˭֪˵⻰󣬿°ĭС
һշ˵仰ˣҲû߳
˵ʲôޱ࣬ǵȷѪ֮С
īʺŽսϣ֣ҶҶ巡
ΪΪʲôִҪΪʣĸٺãҲǲزסġ뾩֮ʱ¾ҵĸ빬ѯԡλü÷߿ţò桪ʣ
ҶϢţĿԡ
֪īԣްִ©Ƿ˵ĻԼĸվȥˡԼıȷҶֻΪȡ˴󲻾ʶⶼõĳġ巵ġ巡
ʲô鲻Խ׷ʡ
΢ͬŮͩīٿȻЦȵϢϣ๬Ϊƾǣǲƣ췴֣֮¿ϵĴ󲻾֮
īԣʵ̫𾪣ڹҶ˵ǣԡ
ԣҪǱʵ֪ˣܰȻڣīӹĻü۽ǶЦ⣬ǲЦģЦڴʱֻ˾ú£㣬ҶϾ嶼һ١԰㻹īϾľ塣
ϧĻī˵ܺ˾һϢǲǿΪҶϵľ嶼У
ָĴ꣬˿δɺԵѪҪ˵˵ǣ˵ܣôҲҵģѾʮ꣬ȻҲԹ֮ڵʱ䡣
µģ
첻ü٣ȴǼ˾ô˵ԵġīЦҶָѪۣ븸ԣ߻ʵۣȹ̣ޱԫǾҳ֮ࡣȻ岻һˣҲûɱ㣬ǲǣ
ҶĬƺÿīԵĿŶȣڽѩͥС
ݴյøīȦǽһ磬޿ˣֻܱǽ档һ֣׾סīǣԼӡ
ǳɫ¹¸ɫ󣬿Զ෴ȴܽմĻ档
īƬ̵룬Ҷһ˫ͬһҶٷƵ
ˣڳЦԼ쿪˭ļǰҶأҾҶ٣Ҳһ¡
˼ֻͱѹĵףֻƽҶǣ۵׵ÿһ
Ϊ棬ôӶ𣬾Ϳʼעˣ
ʱҵĸ׾Ϳʼעˡīʵش𣬡ȿԤʱҪܶࡣ
ҶеٷӿţԼʼǰμ˾īܾѾעԼֻ˵īϴӺ翪ʼıʲôǲʱ̫ͬѧ֮ʱī֪ԼԣȴµԼֱͬ꣬ҲޱʾԼΪԼ˾ʱйһ֮ͬԵֵַİˣһֱ£״ɺϵڹԼǰȴǲֵĿʼ
ҶǰЩʱԼڷ¥⣬Ļش
Ӻ翪ʼīС
ˣǳһĨԳƵǿЦݣҲԾЩˣӦл˾˴ǰæҶϾܶѾͷءīҲƵģ˴Ķ飬˾λرأ
īҪڻش𣬾һ󾪺ͬʱɫȻԴͿ۵һ洽ɫ𾪡
һǳߣȻǰĴ򶷲ûо˵Ľ̸תѣŲ鿴
һƿţŵŨصѪϢԼԺкµʬ塣תͷıǽϼ壬ɷΧʵƵϽŵĶˡ
ҹԼҵլԺڼʬԼƽ͵˾ôҲԳƵǧѷĹ¡Ȼ֪ʲôĻǽǰ¥˶ݷԼһºһĻϵһ
֪Լ˯ŵʱԷ˲˵Ĵ£ԾҪرܣȻرܣλġ
Ҷ֪ͷһμԺصѪʬ壬Ȼ˾ǿڰ鶼Ѿˣ㲻õģȻȥ˯ɡ
ϧ񡣡ī輫ЦҹɫҲģȻȥ˯ɣʱһ㣬Ҳһ㡣
л˵
˾ľ״̬
īЦȷûк£ҪôǼЦοĿЦʱҪôǺɫĬÿ˶úЦ
ߡ
ıȷҶŶ鿴дļ֡


43빲
ī裬Ǹʮʮķӡ
ĺȥЪϢҶīսլԺ˾סƫӵȼٿȻɢ˷еĺڰҶͷѾµī裬ղŵĻɣѾ˼Ϊô࣬õʲô
ī֧ã΢̧ǰЩ㲻ʲôֻҵһѡ˵ûκκ㱣ܣҲǾ֮͡ңֻһʽס
Ǿ˵˵ʲôֵ㽻׵İɡӣīĶ棬Ҷġ
ҿ԰صءһڣ˵ҶĶ飬ܰ㣬̫Ӿ㣬ҲҪȵǻС㣬ѾȲôˡңûбĸõѡ񡣡
ĬúҶһЦһ޷ܾī裬ֻǣô㵽õʲô֪ƽʲô㣬ϵõʲô
īȻû̻شĿ򷿼жѷŵ鼮Ȼʳһ⣬Ҷٴδ¹ʲôصµĶô
ȷҶ죬˺һӺŻش漫£Ҳʲôмֵģѩͥ⣬಻һδ¼ʲôܻʲô¡
ǲҲΪµʴѷƣòܷܷĵģֻǺ˱ر
¼ģֿѵһ£Ԫ꣬Ҷڰӿή汾Ϊ췦մסϣ֪ԺηȻӷïʤꡣ
Ԫ꣬ң飬֮ȽʤȻۣ۽뼫Ī֮һƴ
˾ī磬Ȱƣÿ۵ƣС֮ʱԻһѡ
˵ţԼҲû뵽Ҷټ¼µҲܼǵ
ǱԴǵţּȴ꾡ϸµؼ¼¡͸Ȿģ·һϸŮӣȫȻƺʷɱϣٹ
īҶĽüҲڸ󣬲ŻڣЩأʵû뵽ԭǰһֱǵ¡
ʱλԪѫ˶Ǿ֮ţԱ֮ӦǡҶ٣ңմ麣Ȩң봨εȻҡī硣ī迪ڣɤ嵭±˰Ĺȥ渵ѵ𣬿еΪ죬ΪأΪˣȨΪʱΪΪɣҡΪǡΪʲôƫƫҶپࣿ
ΪһǣɱǣִȨɽĦīת˲ҶǰΪʱһ֮£֮ϡ۴ۣеĿܣȨ֡˵عʽ΢ڽҰģϷ⻼ںͽĽսнڽڰˡ˲Ϊ֮Ϊ֮֡
жУǵ飬ȴΪαڵĽһֻҶͷսߣѵûк𣿡
ҶʺɬӿϣȴõĳĬ
ǵģһֱҶϵĺˣҲԼҲ᳣׷ԼҶûʴȣûԥ֮ǷһѲͬ
ٶļ裬վҲǼ衣
Ҷپһ㽣˶ںѰƵ
˳ѩҶ֮ˡǸǻ
۶ôӽֶôźѩҶ٣վҲҡ³ź
ͷ˼֣ǣӽϿվҲҡīڵֱӣǣҶҪ֪ⱾĶ޳Сˣ۸۶˻λ֪ܵλã¾λãҲͿԱ˰ĺλק
۸ʷȻǴδйأҶҲδ˵Լ۸ĵ
Ȼǿ󷨣ڻīٳǵĵصءȻΪΪʲôҪī٣һмЦккα
ǧѷĻ۸ĵԼĶīͷƷ˿£صءֻɽĶûаĶ
촽⶯˵޷ܾĳ룬ࡣ
Ҷ֣ī费µķ˿繵زָ⣬ĿӣӳⴱŨīɫڴ˿Եӯӯǧ˵ݰ顣
˫۾һΣա
֣س˳ͣգ˾⣬Ҫʲôܻرһأ
Ҫ¶֪Ǵ۸޳֮ˣҪҲóҪѹƼīһһٵЩ£ſҲһ
ڴ˿̣ī۵׿ȼյĺ޻ϢذգЮŲڸǵҰŭ
ңΪ񲻸ã޳ָĦī軡ݵǣҪС
ī赱Ȼ֮⣬ֻһЦīϴԻλûȤ򵱳λôأʹǵҲǡ
֪ǻʲôīûټ˵ȥü΢¶˱ɫȴҲֻһ˲ͺܿõļ壬Ȼλأˡ
ǣһĨǳЦ⣬¶ӯӯɫʵڵģǾͲҪҡ
ǡ˵Ĵ£ֺȻʶͶȻһʵû۾塣һ˼Ҷ˸⣬׿ννȥΪʲôأī裿
īζؿãŵҲûкܶѡ񣬿ϲûֱӿƵıȨܹ˶ձȨϾŻҲ׵ġ
һתң尴ԹۣǰҲڶѩɽºÿҲܵǣ
䣬ͿҶ˺ļ棬קīǰԼĿԣϢ
ڵ¶ٿȻ䣬ҡҷӰĳٷ
ī裬ΪһۏˮɷѿġǹһĨЦݣī֣Ǹʮʮķӡ
Ϊֻǳ뿤ʽף޶ġңҲҺõȥ
īὫԼַҶģܵսԼ֡
ⶼҪҪǴӴ˿ǱҪ빲ˡ
л˵
ڵİˣϣİ
־Ϊ죬ΪأΪˣȨΪʱΪΪɣҡΪǡ
ǺҪİĽ㶼ϲԲ𡿡ûдĶֿʼջˡ
Щʱһ㲻漰ı΢ޡ


44޳
ȡͷѪ
¥¥żڣˮʲչں̴ľƵ̣ϺڰɫӸʯӨɫڰǰŮ֧ãϽ֣ϧʢʽ΢ָӱĦҲٳٲ¡෴۽ȴգչȾƣ
Ĳż䣬ǰεıӰʱӯӯһݣ˾
īƺŴѹ˫̶ָָλˣɡ
īλ£۽ʶض࿴ǰ֡
ĹҲȤ𣿡Ŀ⣬ī͵ѯʡ
ջĿ⣬ҡͷֻȻһЦɴĲͨգҲܿ塣
ãҲϲ塣īֽ׻ʢӵ̴ľڣ졣
ԣԲ죬˵Ӯ֡
˾գȻ黭ɫȴҲСʢġ
īɫ޲Ϊ⣬˵һֻЩɰˡ򵥽ͣģһ壬ЩʲôֻҪ΢۲*һ˶ѡ
ȻԼҲû뵽Сļ˾뵱ֶģսʤù飬ڵҲһ£´񣬴ӵ˿˵ɡī˵ɡĶҲڲͬ
˵Ҳ꣬ǰֵڹճϣϧԳ봨֮󣬹ճϾҲûκһ֡ī״ؿڣĿȴʼͣĵϡ
˵ԼأȴѾû˵һʱĽţīã¶ģīһݡ˾ˣǼӣҲĵľˣʲôҪҵĵطǡ
һյҹլԺڵīҶʱľ֪Ȼ˲˵Ĵ£Ȼ˶԰º˷䣬Ȼһҹߣв²Ƿǰ¥Ѱ
˭֪ڶ㷲ƿʱͥԺѱøɸɾɱĺۼҲ粻ӰӻܵԺھôǰͥԺڶѻҶȫɨɾˣҲ֪νֻͣܺҹ˷硣
ȵҵҶǷǱѾԷҲûзϣֻˡ
ȵ׷ʾôʱҶĬãŵɱˡ
ɱôͲһֽأ
󺧣ʹŭô죬˭֪ҶҲһûϵı飬˵ûӣ˵ǣһĨζЦ˵Ҳһأ
Ȼ֪īҶʲôʲôףıϾ֪ī֪Լûдƣ־ľԼ˴鷳ȻͼıģԼһӱҲû塣
һ˫ֺܿջأīֻÿϺڰ׶ɫɱ㲻˽ţֻǵȷ̾һ޳
ͥ䣬˭ֻǵóҲأһ̾īλá
̺ڰӳڵͫĳڰһˮīʵҲ֮Уİ˵壬Ȼճ봨Լһ壬ȴ̽䡣ɼòó壬ҲȻղˡ
ĴԼҪЦȴֻǿɬЦֻ֣ҲͲ˽ˡЩ󱲵ģԶʲôʸ˵أ
Ҳûϵīҡͷղپ⣬Ǽӣûбŵ
˯úܳʲôҲ֪ӣĵɫࡣ
áֻ˶ɱҲֻȨ֮ƣխ֪ʲôīҲӵ˼ոöעЩ
ˡĿī豻ε͵ĲԥƬ̺ڻǿڵ˾˵Ķ飬֪λرõϵĵĵط֪
īƿһƽհ䵭ȴҲ⣬Ҫأ
ͷһεģܹ˫ҹɫӣҵĵֻ⼸ӣ鴦˾ȥǡ
۵չˮԲ⾹Ȼڴ˿Եҫۡ
ī貢û̻شֻóǱߵİȣȹ򢣬ǻݵȴǱȰҪƯ
עãīڣģʹңǼӳתءش㣬ձɷһΪū÷ȻһЩֶΣȨҲܸ⼸ӵļɱ޴󣬾㣬ҲҪԲͰ
ǡīԣɫҲįࡣ
ȵ⼸ӣȴﲻ˸ˡһѪʹҲ߹㣬ı־棬ֻһ취ϵɷ޼ū֮֡
ǿʱͶµɷǰҲвٳҲˣܹģ鲻Խʳǰһ⡣
īɫζ࣬΢ƫͷһûڱ⴦ſΣգɷĲˣ趨ɷ˲ͺˣ
ɤ嵭ȴڴ˿̵ټżҼžֻ˵ĺš
ĸòף˵ŸīԾ⣬£΢ĩ֮ã
ʱ˵ҪһˣīȻʧЦֻҪЩ£ҪȡЩ
˵ֻǴȡһҪõĶ
ʲô
ȹؿڴָһ¾ͺܿջأҪȡͷѪ
һԼؿڣ¶ȻЦݣԭֻҪҵѪȡͺá
ڣȡͷѪԾļ󡣡īҡͷ㻹кܶʱȥ㾿Щʲô¡
ԣ˼úնīһ񣬡лīС㣬˶飬û
뿪ż󣬷䴦ɫűƿ󲽳ŮӺȹѣüӯӯ֦̽ͷ÷ӵѩɫơ
ԭ˾ǲϲģȻԸһ壬ܳҶüۺЦʩʩȻīλá
ī΢üңԼû뵽ԷĹע㾹ڴˣֻ£Ȼ㡣
ôҶ̱Եζעһо֣Ǽ˾˸ˣ
ɫڰָɵشתȤζؿīѵ¶˿˼ɫ
ϸһЩ˾һˡ
л˵
Ǹ̫æ˵˸£췢ġ
Ȼʱһ㵫ףǸŮڿ֣ȥΪΪˡ


45
ұ˶š
īö֣þ˼հӱľѣ졣
ƽ䡣
ҶɨãһĨЦĲô
ѳɰܾ֣ͽкã˷ʱˡīҡͷԸж
ҶָתȤζߵ̱Ե˼ó˽ۣҪ´ĵ㷽ƣҲûнⷨ
ī̽ѰĿ⣬ûֻ̽֡Է⣬ȡһöӷģָӹ΢⡣
ҶӹīӣУΪ˾֣ɵ㷽޼ɵڴӲۣвӶϵ㡣ȻҪöӣҲֺá䲻һŤת֣ҲԻ½ǵѹ
˹ңȣСʹ󣬷ΣԭҲˣû뵽Ľⷨܽˡī赹Ǻ˼ҶĽⷨΪϿɵصͷ
˵ҶָܾΪռ˾ļɣӦúһ塣
ī̹ضҶߣֲǸ֣ǽ˼ϵĽɫܹ׿ҿѩòÿʵʧ񡣡
īȻ˵¾ֵҶ֪ˡ֬ˮοһ㱡죬˼֣ΪͻȻô˵
ƫԷɫ糣ƺȫʶԼղ˵ʲôôˣĻһᰮ˵ô
ǰ˵Ĳ٣ɲЩ˻ᵱĿ׻Ļī˵ʹ˼ֲֿζУѾʵĿޡ
Ҷһ˾˿ޣܳī⣬Ѿ˼ҵģԭΪȡͷѪô
һʼ˵ԩ޳ȻҲẦīαָתԼģҲڸͬ˵ӦҲȷҶ޶⡣
ǲǣҲҪȡҵͷѪҶ˼ʳԼۣãĴǰ޽Ҳû֮һҪ˵ʲôᱻ㿴صĹͬ㣬ճǱ봨ĺˣҶҶٵĺ
ī۵͸һ˿ͣ۲ҵȷҲҪͷѪֻǻʱԲûк𡣡
ҲԼģ
ǡīûлرܣ̹ϻش
˻ӦҶһЩ²⡣ֻȡѪӦи򵥵ķʽɣ˴¡
īü΢һĪļžֱǸſ棬¶ϵһβһǳЦ⣬ЩʲôͷѪֻȡѪ˵ͷѪûõġӦҲûôɱ
ü紺ˮֿԷһЩˣҪȡͷѪҸܺˣ˶š
Ļ˵һҲ˾ʲô˵¡
Ҷֱī迴һεת˻⣬ԭǳ봨ĺ줚[ڵĹճͷֱɢ
īҲȻ봨˫ĿǹٹǱȫ˼壬˺˽ΪܵɵѱáڳнҲյģȻö֮įˡĵĸҲ˲ã־߻޶¥
¶޳˥裬ˡ
Ҷ̾ԭˣΪλ˳Ϲϵأ
㲻֪ˡīҡͷ²ĸӦһӰǧʹЩ飬Щֶûڰ¥ҲйءǰͷӲˣ͹ƾͶ˼˰ɡ
ʹ˵ĵУҶ֪ġͷӢһһֱûжӣŮԱӣôӣŴϲȡ͡
ױų󣬼Ҳû취ڼᣬᵽ˾ǣӰǧʹ˶ѡȻҲǼ̳в˸׵²Ӱְѣھ͹˸вΪ̫£û¾ھаŮҲǾпͷʹĶ档
ͣ˭֪͵Ǹǻء
ĻɫʲôĽɫҶ֮ԱǣֻǱûʲôƷĶǽ֪ʲô
ǶСЩӦûûġ
ٲģ¥ͻšҶס󣬡ˣȲͬ
Ҷǣһ·߳ż¥˷¥ĺԺڡֻԺľ䣬һ̴ľǶľܸܣһֻӥϢϷͫϬ⾼ë˳ĿȻϬʱȴ쳣ƽܸͣϡ
ôҶΪõīչʾӥ
Ҫ͸һֻ
ȻҶԱߵʳ˺ɵݸӥΪѱؽӹʳѵӥѵӥ˺Щ˼ģκѵӥҲ
ī貢ѵӥȴҲֻܿӥãϬָͨӥȥҲǧ͸Ȼϲ
ҶָĦӥϵɫ꣬ϧ¥߲˿Ÿ˽Żȵ͸ȡˣӥҷɵģʹǧҲܹ
īƫͷҶԶĿп˱عƮ˷ѩ
Ҳô
úöġī迴Ҷӥʱ¶İȰο
ҵȻ֪˻档Ҷӥͷջ֡
ī赱ȻҶбҪһ£þٹϵȥͨرϣֻҪʵ۵һͷҪصأҲֻҪһ£ʶ߾κ̯ӣֻĸܹˡֻҪʶһ㣬ͻȥ
֪ĸ¡Ҷͷ
ĸ״ļϣдʲô
Ҷδʢͻĸ׵żһɬӿ̵ķŭǸϸĽϿκĵͼϢûдκ˵ȷѾڹҰͱӦнࡣӦҲֹҪһϾҪǽӣӦ붬ѩǰٹҪõʣαϵĻ֡
Խ꿪ڣҲкüµʱ䡣ڹҰͱǰñ׳ˡκ˵ֵġ
ʱз紵Ҷ죬ҡ߲Ӱ¥˿öڷС
īɫѵأοҲҪסĻᡣ
л˵
ǸǸ̫æˣдд飬оѾˡ
ҶīЩħɫ۾


46
ֵǽ
˷߳
˷ĳ߳ǣm~ƽԭϳ۲Ǻšڡعظ֮TĻ֮ׯ
˷Įе֮ǣ̣ɫ࣬㱼俴ȥǷɳ֮еĽˮ硣
æµһϹĺɫԽڶʹϻص帮븮ڣһŽµСС֣֣ڻˣ
־ͽ𣬵¸ô㰢֣
ɲǣȥ궬ͳˣȥ˾ǣüû֣ò׻֮æڹ񣬺ü춼ظЩԹشһļͷ
ǺһЦȥæҲû취飬æϢһ󡣡
оֱЩֵ˵ûôǲǳ˲٣Сӣġ
ǳˣǳ֣æҪ߸ӲһɱУΪЧ
ãáӦţܿ˫º͵ͫصھȥ˶١
ȸԾصլۡڣǻϲ

ķڣһϲߵͲһǳۣ¼ĺۼЩлк̺ܶģ塣
ֳһ㡣ΪߺϿµĺۼ
չϱĸߵĺۼȽϣҲ֪ʲôʱôߡ
㻹СҪġЦĶͷ
˵עĴͣǰһ̻ϵĻۼԼߣһ̾°ʵ֣ȥȥϳ˵˺ܶ࿥ϵǲǶǱϵĲԭƯƯ˵ϲԭʵĺӣˮģ
ûϣһʳһ⣬ôšЦŹ˹ıԼļš
ޣǻ˵Ҳϲ֣ðأǲģıȻһ龫̬
ֻ˵⼱æֹסĻͷ˭ҵܹԵġ㰢ѾϲŮˡ
ޡıˣ˭ѽҲǾеŮ𣿱ȹƯ𣿡
һֻ
ͷڵĺôô࣬ʱڵӣ
ֵףôˣ
Ӧİɡüǵͷɡ
Ƭ̺һ£Ůʳл뷿䡣æӭȥǣס֣ôˣ
زˡӵķ䣬ҾͲˡЩнطſ֣ߵǰ񣬡ү
޷ģǳʾ·λãʲô𣿡
Ȼû£ǽҿʳж˳һҩҿӣŨζ䣬үۣ춼ûлظˣڼѪƢȥƣ͵ģүһ
ŵζۣҲȣôֻ
һݣͷǷҷڷˣȻȥȺòã˾Ͳúˡºү˵䡣
ȻвԸ˾ҲֻĲ鲻Ը뿪ߺ󣬷ھֻʣˣζע뿪ıӰ׻ؽŴڻڼ
ٳûм̲סڵүģûж
ⴹɫļȻжһֶδ̫׾ӣŮ˵С£ҲµĽɫ
ЦЦҨһ׼һڣζŨ壬ȷǺܺõĳգֻ֪Ľиôõס
ڨڨһЦүϲͺá
ʲô£ֱ˵
˼ΣƽǻмٵڵֻϣܷŹУ⺢ʲôԶ㣬Ҳʲô£ҲκεļҲ·ϣ㲻Ҫȥսˡ
ԲӡĦŴѣޱ飬ҵĵܵܣֳôɺػϣսɳҵҲԼѡж־
Щ̵ˣǾһмƽ¶ⳣ˵ս֮£ԼĶôսͻС֪սϵգ
Ȼ£ȴҲɵл֣սϣؼǶĲףսϵۣҲû˵óԵɡ˵Ϊ壬͢зͣЩ˵кãǱ˻ˣҲǻŵ⣬
帮ϣүŵãһ޳ȥŮ⣬Լ׵Ļβģ
̰ζԵϵ֮˵ۣѵսʱˣ⵭ʡ
ϲ޶ҡҲֻܿధֻһӣֻһָҲҵֻƽ󡣻ĸ׵İɡ
͸򿴼Ů涵ۣһ˲ƺСۣúŷĴѣҸ׵Ĳôˣ
شүƽնںԺʱǻᷢƢ
Ƣɵȥɡޱ飬̬ȫκιĸ׵ТģֻǴȻ׵ĲҪƽոҪעű÷߶ûͷ¡
˫ʯ¶Ҳשʯһ䣬ҽڴС񽻸ҲΪǸ׵ĲҲ뿴κ⣬ף
˵Ҳ֪ʱ֣æͷӷġһṼӵΡ
ת˲üۺЦָֻǫǫӵģǾˣڵЩȥɡ
򷿼ЩѰ߲ĻۣԾḧš̴ֱ߽ڣӣҪϢˡ
մ㿪ڣ̴ֲм£ү˵֮һֱ˵Ҫô˵һҪѾ˲ٶˡ
̴ӱΪС顣ֻһЦһϵĿ̺۲ջ֣ҵ²ؼڴ˿̣ȻҪңǵȻǸ׵Ҫ
ȣѾſȥƮ
߰ɣδ飬ҲӦȥס
л˵
m~ƽԭϳ۲Ǻšڡعظ֮TĻ֮ׯԱա߳Ǹֻժһзе߳ʷϵ߳ǲκϵ
һûõķϻ½馡ԡʫС馡馳ڴֵָܣﵱȻǸֵ֮飬ȡġֵǽ
Ȼͬˣ״̬īҲеһƴֻ˵״̬û˵ǰ䡿ס


47
ϣҴӦ㡣
ϣ˲ٱ͡ھвٺѣǾһ£ȻҲٲ˱磬һʱīٳڴĹжΪϲ
Ҷ渮ϣ쳣˷ܵк̶Ȳſд͵ˡ
Ǻþò׿кԴҶڴϾһĿҶնɱֻͻ󣬶Էоͱ쳣ΰߴ
û뵽׿ؾȻǵԼҶΪ죬ڻͬ˼䣬ԷѾͬԼһ
ҶѰܵ˵ǣͿͣ½ŲذӰϲʱգīһϮ£ͬȻ¹⡣ʱ̣ʱž鲻Խذע
ҵʵĽڣ¶һǸЦݣǲ˼׿ӣ˾Ѿһˡ
īԣ΢̧üңҲûзҶ˵ǣĬ
īĬ׿ȻҲ׶ѾԼãݵȻǱȲ˼˾ģ˵Ͳ߶ˣͣϣ͹⡣
ҶҲͬ׿ؿ˼䣬ͬī貢뿪ֱԶīƿڣƺû뿤
ͻȥҸλãҶĴָָָƶī貢Ӧ
ī޲ֻ΢ƫͷԶƱյƹ⽫ᴹüͶһƬӰգ׿رϾ׿Զֶֶо֮㲻ȴҲûʲôģһ£պԸΪ˵Ҳǻ¡
Щ²ؼڴ˿̡Ҷü΢һǳЦݣ˿Ҹͬ˾ͬһ
īѵ¶ֹ飬ȴʲôҲû˵ֻһ·븮ڣ̱רŵȴ̴ӭ
˾ˣ򰲣ˣר
īףҲͬһ𡣡
̴ӻ⣬Ŷ˸еķڣڷȻīרһ䵥һʱ¶졣
һߣִҪΪһҲ徻һЩī·£ҪһĻҲʲô鷢չġ
˾õ飿ҶЦŷʣҲ¡
ҶʶȤ˵ʡĵģֻǻжп˵ǣ⡣
ڶûãʹҴҸѵ*һɫĻױݾ£ϸ׺٣Ϊ˫üۼο˵ޡ
ǾȻһ𣿡ɫɵڶ֮ɨӣֿҶָī裬ͬһĵģҪҪҸҸλã
ˣҲϲ徻һЩĺ⡣
һɣīһԲɫȫĬҶһԣƶԼû˼ʱһЩʲôﶼ˲ҲҪȥӦˣûôʱ䵢顣ֻҶǾģЩʱϷͥԺǱҲкЩڶͶĵĻһۡ
ǰȻʲôƵĻͷҶЦˣлҺϲ
ϲͺáӥϾī⣬شʱЩ顣
Ѱôֻӥ϶˼лл㡣һЦŰһ뿪
֪ǲҶĴ񿴼ʱī轻һ
뿪󣬲ī迪ڣ飬Σ
á˵Ӧøл˾ҾһҶ۵׺ЦΪԼһƣ

Ѱʲô
òӦصıͣƧĺԺʱͿڻµīĿ񣬻Ҷ½
һ¡ī迪żɽ
ң²ī衣̾ϢҲ˽ԷԸ񣬡˵˵ʲô°ɡ
֮Ʋһʱ䡣
ɻ˰ΣԼӦûʲôˣôˣҲûʲôõ˰ɣ
īȨջѡ࣬κڹҰͱнӽ
ְȴҲûֹκ춯ϢԺ󲻿ŵصɴۣѹ׷ʣ棿ôϢû˵
ǧȷҶصϢ͢˶֪ΪʥѹϢīóߴ̽صκ鱨ͼݸ档
ˣֳκ˴򽻵ֻҴɨһۣƾϣⶼͱŹˣս²һŹزͨ»Ƴȥô£ôѹ
ΪҶֻҰܶսۻʵôߴ٣ԲŰϢ
κѹ߾и뾩ǵǸ㷲¡
Σֽסκٳ˻ס𣿣¶ֲܿ쳣ҶܶսԶ߳ǣ˷ǱߵһʱҲѳ˲ֻʣˣôҳƲ
ī㻹ûΪʲôҶҪܶսڽ͢ʩѹŮѾھǴʮˡαؼʵ֮ͷֺãԼժȥŸǡ
侲ϸйϣҶҪҶ
Ҫ취֤ˣܵΡҶĸĻܲΪΨһŮ㡣
κŵҳƲҲ۾
Բ쿪ʼͳƲϢûųȻǼ򵥵ĲˡЩʱճƲǱ۾֮ˡī֣ͷҶĿƽȴֽӽӡ
û̻ش𣬶ǺȻʣΪ˳˵µģī裬ǲǺʲô˵Ľף
⻰˵ԵЩ֣·ʲô캦ĺڶһ㡪ȻҲȫ޵
ͬƽЩ̰ƫǷʣѵڰ㽫ƽΪµô
ֻӥҲ⣿Լ˺ܶҪ飬̶̼ڣƺ仯¡
ΣҲ˶ŵǲǣīĲػش
һֻӥҲ˰ѰֻӥĳŵǾǰɡ㷭һۣоԼĪǷҶ顣
˸סīȻشǰ⣬һصصĽס
з紵ҶǰƵ˿ȴѾѵڿڱչ⡣ԶȥվͷҲŨصƣһɽ֮ơ
յ졣
濴ͷɫһЦ
ðɣҶϣҴӦ㡣ϾҲڴʲôز
л˵
ǸǸæܶ˽£Ҳе⡣ŬָƵʡ
һлΪʲôǰ½дīʱʣ˺;صҪ֮⣬Ϊ˱Ȫս̫ĺһ࣬ѹĴʵ


48
ɱʱҲҪɱɾ
ͼǱһСսų̣ԶľպܹԶУȴҲܲı
ƽƽСҲܵκιעϾճϢظȤصͶ
죬ҲϨ˵һƬ·ϲӰ
³⣬ٮ⣬⣬⡱Ůҹɫк߳ҡɵҡţѽ졣
ɫף͸ڴأҲŮ˰գעҡг˯Ӥ
ܿ˯ˡһԴϵ˰ҡ̲סĴشߴٵ
ٵȵȡܿﻺƶҡ㿴Сϲҳĸ衣
Сʲô˿Цõؼߴ٣Щ˯˰ɣ컹Ҫµظɻء
һ뵽⼸Խصĸ˰ܿҲֻ̾˿溢ӽҴúɻشϡɣ˵СԺ᲻ܴȹЩˣҲȥѧö顣
ѧҲҪǮŴ˺ȥҲϹ壬еǮۼмǮġܾԼŶǱǸ˼ĵ̻ӣ˵мãһӲҲûϡ
ǰۼҲҲûأЩǮҲ˿飿˵һ飬ҧҧܳȥѧõǮڶϣܿδ̸£˵ˣҵϣҿϣѵҵŮͿҪǾһӿϣǲֻһֵأŶŮһ
ɷ˸ֱͷӣǻ޶飬޿ϵĶˣ㿴ٵĲǴүǣмŮġ
ôô˵أܿ߷ŮޣǸöġȻֻһֲʶһ˶㲻塣
㣬ֵأˣɲΪ⣬ñӣ˸Ͻ˯ɣ÷ˮ
԰գܿ˵Щʲô˶ᣬһ˯ȥһ
ܿҲֻٽɫ۴ҡкȻ˯ȥӤů׹硣

ܿǱӵѵģ۴ѣһ̶ˮƫƧӽ˳֡
ɴϸȴ־òԣƥ˻нײӵָһ𣬸޷ֱᷢʲô
Ҳ׵ɫĹȾһϼ⣬ڷǽͶŤӰжپҡߵɷãǽ˯ɽѡ
ʲôŭɸԼӷʲô񲣬һҲ侲
ܿңԼſǻɣǳʲôˣ
ô֪˿̲ǼƽЩʱҲ֪ǳ˴£ƥ˻üġȺκ˰ɣ
ֻкܶǰκСŸͷֵСӣڵκһ䶼ŹǸֵմѪ֪ɱȦǿ˵ͷѪһεεء
ֻǴκ˶СƧʵեˮһκδ˶ǹһȺ̰бĲǡ
ܿһǻңκˣǸô죿ھʰϿӰɣκҪɱ˵ģ
ȥһۣ㿴СϾܲһͷˮܣҧҧ˴ţȴһ̱˵档
ֻĸֵմѪŵеڵѿһ
ĵ⣬Ѫиͷ˫Ц۾
ԭиüۣʸĵ̣˿Ȥζؿű龪ֵһڣǿֻŵɫɱõϡ
ϡүҪǮøǡһ۾ϳǵݣΡΡԷĹӣЩµǮʸ˼κʿ
ʿ˵ûʲô¶ɫô㣿Ǳǻ˵źͬЦ
үеǮˣɼæ͵
ͬ˿Ѿ˷ڵ񣬷ֵȷޱֵǮʲΪ׵ʿΪؽǮ붵ڣ̧еĵեˮûҪˡ
ܿҪնݳףæ˵ҡԱ߽סǶǮøɾˣǷŹҵĺӰɡ
ʿֻһ־׽ƵһߣҡĺͯǸܵ˼ΣգͯͻȻ۴ȴ̱ϵס˿ڱǡ
еϢ΢תͷЦǣϰ̺ۣڻŤ棬֪κأɱǲҪѹĸɱˣҪӶɱɾóٻҧˡ
ɽѪӳŴܻ⣬Ⱦ׵ĵУڵ۳ʵ
ɱû
ɻؿԼ޶ʬ壬ֵĺʱģүǱɱҡ
ʿͷְѸֵƵ˼֣СӣһΪҪ㡣Ũصıʵ㣬ǵٵЩȣסĶ

߳帮
һ·լԺ˼Ժ䣬ղԺڣĸߴſڵ񣬡ү
أ
үڡɫЩΪѵػشֻǵı飬оѾ
ſƬ̵ͣͺƿڡǰŸ̤ڣһߣΪ㻹ǵ㻹ô
ŵˤĴյƬⲻ㳲ضĵؽصƬʰ𣬡ﻰֻǰЩӹæص߳ǺûüסһĨ޿޵Ц˵Ķ棬æ꣬ⲻˡ
ǰüĿƣϡ͸µĹֿʱĿʣֻǱţŻɢȥ֮ϧʱҴҺ飬ҲΪԳ׵֡
ֶ˻Щʲô²ܵĵطҲغ˵һǡ˵ˣĲɻ䶯λ𡣡
ɽԼĶӣмЦǷɻڴò˾ͰͲ
룿ЦģߵĹ̵ݸɽΪ˸ӣҲûôҪ
ɽֻطˮ֣һȥͻ˵Щʲô
ϵЦֻ֣һЦЦĻȣڵʲôҵܵܣܲͬһĸףҲ۰ġ˵꣬üͷЩ˶ôźģһ쵽Ĳ˵ҪôøЩ߶ŵ
˵ţתͷ˼꣬Լȥ췣ղźˡ
ŮΨΨŵŵӦһҶ⡣ɽ¶ɫһ棬ʲô֪˼źô꣡
źô꣬Ҳ©䣬๡
ɽҵشϢţƽؿڵŭ֪ԼѷᣬԼѾסϺӲӲˣ㣬뾩ĺɹΪΪʲôûзӦ
׵Ϣͨһ赭дػش𣬡Ҳ鹫ҲΪ˶ѡ
ڳʲô裿ɽԼܿȥηηŽʲôǵµĶӣ֪֪ĺɹļȢΪֻ;иϲϲʲôҪģǹ㲻檣ɫŮˣպλӸλҪʲôŮûС
䣬ɫٿȻкζԼŨصıģ¶ɫʣȢҵĸһܽˣϧŮӣ͸ײġ
л˵
³⣬ٮ⣬⣬⡣ʫ·³
һ£ھ鲼ϳһС⣬һӦýʮֱдģҵʱǸλүӦòǵľռһ°ƪֿдӦǲӰġ
ϣһ£Ͼ⻹к֧ܶҪֳī۽ɫûҶ뾡̻ãƱؾͻ½ڡҺҲгǺСдߵĲ֣ȵ鵽˵
߿϶Χλǽеģ㲻õġ
ڽǸо½ˮƽʼղһЩǸоñƵʵĸȥбĲȽˮƽʵѡŬ״̬
ȻҪһҪ㣬Щˣлǡ


49
壬ȴò֮
ʮģ춯𾪳Ұ
κˮҹϮ߳ǣļСǾݡȱԱΪκֺ֮ǰһһͻ뿪˭֪ǾȻռǼ߳ǣɱ˳еĹԱԴǼ߳ǱûϢĹԱ˼ʶκ˵ȷռǳصģЩСҲȻݡ
ֵɽһȺȥֱֽﱣסҲȥʱӲͷƤϱ˴¡
֪κ˶ڱһ£ȴҪԼѹϾκڹڱ¶ûжһľκ˰أˣվ۵˷ӡӢĻʵ۱µȻǲдģذѹ˦˼Աһְͨ˸⡪ȺκҪ˭أ
Զ߳ǣ˷ǱҲԳǰЩӣƫƫˣ˵øЩ꣬СȾ˷纮ȴողˣ֮յúͿڸ˵²ˡҶǸҰ̬˵κսų̣ѹ֧͢Ԯȥµввһܹ
ұԪڼأֱκ˲бȻ캦֮£ʵ˵ϣúýһյͬ״ַ
ٺͿҲܷŻɽӴȨͷͽȰ˻ȥ
ٿ죬ĪǳƲƴǣϾ˭֪κѪɱһ۴úòһͣսܶȻǴûԸȥôڹ
ٹʵۣһʱɱս½˶Ȼ

С㣬ûǿ߾ǼݵĳУӦǱˣûҵһڵϢ
ϢˡǡʱǰŮڴ۽ޣ´ü¶ֽڱɫ
ִŹκͱһ£Ԥϵ߾¡˵춯ʱī貢û̫Ծ֪κʱǳϡ
ǵûǸ˼κ躹£治ǵֻΪ١ռǼСҲ㲻սҪأϾҪı߳ǣεҶƿ֮¡ҪǣҪնɱԱռǳأʲô
תͷǽϹŵĵͼϸǼݵı򣬶ЩƽƽСȻٽ⼸Ϊؽûʲôܡ
ҶȻűսºͻʵ⣬ҲİȫЦ
Ľ죬ú𣿡īʱ޽˼ѯʡ
ͷʹأ˿ãһսΣûȥκ˴̣ġش𣬡ֻп⼸³һֱںԪǰ
ȻǩĦǩϵĿ̺ۣǵڼˣ
ˡ
²ˡī˵ȴƶѡȴûѡ
ҶɲܷŹһλᣬֻǴҲ壬ȴòߡ
С㣬һ¡
ī΢򢣬ʾ⽭˵ȥ
ǰҵʮǰΪīЧӰûлڡϸˣ˶òˣܲ鵽Ϣģֻһˡ
˭£īɫࡣ
ȴСĵƳīɫÿʮֵСģ´ԼƬۣǸһֵֻĺμ͡Ͼһμ£뿪īЩ궼СǵҲǻ˲پҵЩϢ
ī赹ƽֻԲüȻֻһ˻ţ⵹û뵽ġ룬ҵΪûҲûӵģӦһû뵽ǻôã㲻дĸ
ԼСϿƽͣȴ⸱ģģֻ˳ش𣬡֪Сֻ֣һҲĸ
īûлشֻõעŴ⡣ʱڣٻãҶʢԴش£ͬɫѩĿȥīͥԺھٻʢչҡӰ߲ӳգҪͬͥҶһͬ뻭
ǩ𴰿ڴһ٣ٿãīٳǱӦǼľˣҲơ۽⵭Ƴһ۽룬ҵˣ˴ʲôֶΣҲ᲻ȱ첲ȣҪѣ˵
ãһһ䣬ͱȥŴٻҡҷ
󰲾ȥ뿪īķڳ˿ȥ亹
ī֣Ҫ⻨ǰƬȻߣԺƬٻ䣬ȴ̣ģ֧Ĺ㡣
˴顣

ļͷʢ߷ĿߣɹûʹԪǰĴʯש¶ˣ̼
չʱ򣬲˻ƣ𶯱ͳʪȵĿͷµչɹ˽˫ۡԺԪǰ޲ǸһС̫ϹϾسɡΪ
ǸںԪſڵӰȻҲ͸ۡɫȹΣǱչ۵ɫȻչˣصĶȻֱаۡ
·Ĵ󳼺׵ؾͿ˹ſڵŮӣԼ˼Ҳ֪ݡϾڱصսɽ󣬸ȥȻʱҪССͬҪ֤Լܻصصӣİͷ۵Ļ½ߡϾΪ˱ս£Ѿв֪ٴ󳼱뺬Ԫֱų֮˭½ߣֻҪԼС
ˣʱչˣԸС̫ཫɡŵøЩɡ¼ӿŲϽ뿪˺Ԫ⡣
Ҷ΢۽ڵչ⣬ϢԼʢͷɹιȥ
ǵա
űسʱ֪ս£ҲΨһĻᡣ˶ףֺγ֪ǳֺõĻ£Ҫ֤Լ
壬òߡ
ûлӦϻھᣬûжѡ񡣿ǰʺҪ£ϿͷӦˣʱʺǱߵ˾ѾʼĴ֧ԼϾǲ֧ǱѾҪƳ
ڱصá
˿̵ĺԪڣкľʢ¶ǰ˻Ǿȡϴյ˵ȥĵİٺӸȴƽϢзꡣ
Ŵյظ棬ѵһ죬̴ӾһͷϢ»ʵ۵ŭǨŭЩȨƵūϡ
Щӱĥ鷳꣬γ֪ҶԼҪʲô˶յģ˿á
ʶؿ۴⣬͸ĸƵᱡֽȥֻܿһģĺ
ۣȫȻգ˹ʣƽ˼ˣ
ر£Ѿǵˡߵش
ִšζЦһָĦĴָϴɫεָ˰βڿڣɡ
Ҷ㱼ֻͷչȻ˲٣̧һƬӰǰ
ʵߵĴ̫˿Լɡƣƽ롣
л˵
оҪʼдóĶˡĿ
ģԭ͸ˡǼ˾˵ô̱ůůġ


50
򰢷
ղ뺬Ԫڣ¶ȱҪࡣͭɺлڣδֻۡƳӰҶͷߵǰ
μ¡
ʵûʱ̣һλʮǰīʱһ̸СҲ׵ͫĸмȨƵʮ꣬Ȼûл˽¼ĻᡣĳĬӵĳĬĿ⡣
ܱʮǰޱѾ˻ףȴĿ˼纣
Ϻ觵ĴΪгİ棬ɫ͸İټĵڻŴײ죬ò忪ڣƽǰӦû
ǱԤҪֱࡣ
ҶԤ˵ǻش𣬡еһΣûдȴҲϤκˣԸΪ½ǡ
ǡһʵǵȷģǲɫСڱس󣬺ĸһȻ˽κ˵ġ
֪嶨ȻǼɵԼĸ׵ģ˻ǳޣȴк壬ĸ˽κʳٺ»Ϊǡѣƽʵڲ֮
ƽģҪ֪佫ڶġɫЩ򢣬ҲôãŰɡ
һ͵˫ȣҶлԵλ£ҶһУ̫ʵʶ¶ֻͣΪ·ǽѣܻرһ
ϸϸǰŮӣҲϸϸʮӡΪ⼸յɹ*ļ΢죬ʼ΢µʹţȥԵѱ޺Ƿâ¶ĸҪࡣ
޺
ǰڵˣֻܶǺڡ΢һۣĺڣ۾֮ƽ
²һᣬó֤أҶʣ֪һ壬ûѡҲһûУ£κڣȴƫƫֻռ˼СǣΣٵ󣬴ʧ
ֲκ˶ԼĿڣҲǱ˼ɡаģոʧء
ãͣа鴮ĶζעƽŵҪ۾Ĵۡ
Ȼ״ʲô˿ֻȥǸѹгĶͽ
Ҷһ°ڣǰ£׼ݳոʧأΪ·ǡսܣԸһ𷣡
һЦչ¶ЦգãȻ˳ģޱᡣס˵Ļƽ

Ҷûʵ׿ϵϢñҪࡣӻʹظʱѾ˽صȺſڡ
ôȥˣſڵĽƹ齹׷ʡ
ҶɨһۣǴõĻᣬΪβȥ
Ľƹ۵ĵǽƣսգκ˲бɱĪƴǣδ̹ð˷գ
ҶͣߵĽŲüͷ𣬡ǰδ̹ҪһӶսµǱأĽƹ飡ѵڱҵĸףĸףҲڱѵûа㵣𣿣
ǺеļᶨĿ⣬棬ʮˣĽƹ飬ҲһĸεĳīٳԵ
̬˼ᶨĽƹ鴽⶯ֹȴһ仰Ҳû˵
Ҷֻͯ˽нԶ޻˵Ҫæ»࣬ûȥЩֻתԼķȥѾ㲻ضԡҲڵʱ䣬ϵ±㽻ˡ
Ľƹֻ˵һ䣬ǿСġҲûҶĻӦֻԷнԶıӰ
˫ֽճȭָǶģΪĴܸӡ
Ҷ߻طк󣬱㾶ֱ䣬ȡǽҵ彣
///ϸµظϷơ˵֣ԼΪҶٵԭǰܶ鸴ӡֻҲҶٵ˶ϼ̫ҶٲʵʵĻڼɴʱȴһǿҵԤУѾˣҲͬһȥٹ⡣
»Խкֱջؽʡ
Ҷ֪ǰһ

ҹķ¥ֽԣ¥Ʊյĳ¥ż徲
Ŷʱֻһٴī٣ѩᱡԳ˳εƻͨ˳֣ݵıӰڷŸ֮С
ôˣʾ䣬ȴ޳Ծ
˾˿ڴ˵أôԤ֮ڴ˵أҶа࣬£ī衣
ī貢δϣҶλ£ֻһЩ²δͨ־Σʶһ档һЦֻ˼ãҲûд𰸣ŵ飬ؿҲһ󡣸𰸵⣬ͼ˷ǣԿҲûйϵ
˼ʱһֳ򢣬ϻ䣬¶뻡߾µǣ·ֱӯӯġ
ҶȻ֪īͬһκ˴۵ĿġȻ֪κ˵Щʲô֮ȥ̽ʵӦ֮ﶼд𰸣ΪӪӦԡ
ҶĻش࣬òвУҲδһֻֽܾⷨǴ۵ĹϣǶһЩʱ
һͳ
ս½鲻á
īͷӦʱûΪ㣿
Ȼһѡ⣬Ҳ˻ʵͷ
˱۾֮ĸȻһӲġҶƽĽܹԤϵġ
ī΢üһô㲻ף̫಻ɿصΣաֻһòߡ
Ӯ´󼪣ٲԸԸһġ
֪Ҫ֤ԼļֵǾֻӮû䡣Ҷ֣ƽüĵӰȻֻӮһֺ֣αȥǱĿܣѾ࣬ʣµĽԼͺá˵ˣʱ򣬲Ѿû·ˣ
īû̻شֻͣԼüĵ֡
ҶĿԣӳŴ⣬·ǹСʹأ˫鲻ԽԷǳƣ
ī죬Ƭ̺ŷӦɻʵΪң
ҶһʱҲŷֲףɻҪҲֻǾһֱ˾̫裬ǰҲôģ
ǰʵЩˣڻ̫ѧǶʱ⣬ȷī衣ܽ껪аҲûô֮𣬰µŮҲûֽ䵭˻Լǳơ
ֻǺΪ̨Ǹֻհļ˾ҲȻȻû˸ٻա
īķӦҪƽֻ࣬΢۽ޣնѣһšϲĻɡ
ī̽ѰĿ⣬ҶֻЦ໰˵ģֻ룬ǵȵ֮˵ɡ
īѵûһЦ紵ڻѩҶǾ;ˡ
һҹûע⵽ɫãǹʣΪǳ׹˫
л˵
ʮڽеǳˣװ
īƽƽʵ͵͵졣
޸һ±ڿڵĲ֡
ǧѩ


51
ڻصƬء
ǧѩ
ǧѩ

ʵӦƽϢʱҰһһһӦʣ˴ŶǷӡԩͷɽ󣬴һղѡ˱졣鲻䵽ԼͷϾǺõġӮҲû˹ģīϱκһʱҲ򲻽ٲûϼҴ϶ɣ治ˣΪīϾǺ飬϶ֻȥѰˡ
һҹ̸صҶҲ̣ҲΪԼΪԼôܹӴ߾ʿһЩʿ£Ǳ߾ľӶκ˴򽻵Ϥս
˭֪϶¸ɲô껹һһĶࡣ
ƫƫָɸԼľӣһ֧ڱפأ޸ϵľӡԭΪפԶ߾ȼսµפȻյҪȥ߾ƽʱʱԹص
оʱӵԹʵʣԹĿⶼ콫ĺ󱳴
뿪شī٣һ·˷纮ڿ֦Ҷ裬ҲкĿʱҶ֪ڻصѾõıء
ͼмʮؾ룬ȴ̡Ѹٰź˰ӪկҶɳ̽
߸һֵǶ˼ˣڸϢһ¡
Ҷʱ̿ͼ۲ʽԲû̧ͷֻ׵˵κ˲ԶѱκҹϮҪϢҲҪźѲߵˡʿ൹ִڡ
죬ƺ΢ʣֻܱ˻ȥ׼ȥԸ£ȴֿ۲ͼŮӿڣһ£Ѿеҡ
ɫٿȻ԰ףڿת˼תǿڳǰ˵ġ
ǰ˭Ҳ֪֪鱨ԿãҪжˡɫƽûдӵͼƿĿ˼ж˶֪һͿս𣿡
ۿҶûȥƽϳԿõ⣬ֻܽϰµķŻض˳Ӫʡ

ҶĶ£ʹҹľӪҲȻͨѲߵʿŲһϼײı졣
ӪԵ۵Ľ䴦СӰǱӪǣӪạֻ̊́кѻ䵽˵վڵСȻͳ˼ල㵽˽͵
߸ʿͳŵĴӻͷǶ͵ͷֶϰͬ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ⣬һС
һͷһСҼǵǰҲûôģôôԶҲû
ʿѹ˵κˣ
ꡪ߸æʾҡĵĻ⣬һǲ׼ģ׼˵
ɻˣ˵سǶҲˣҲ಻סģĵκҪǵĻǱκץǲҲᱻɱ
˵ɱˣȺҰˣɱˣͷҹ߸˱ȲӣСĵͷɡ
ԣôֵǺȺ˴̣ĻǸŮˣⲻǰǵڻ𣿡ھЩСϢԵ֪ǸŮǾĿ֪˵˭𡪡˼Ҵ̣Ҳиﶵף˾ͷû
߸ȴϸ˵Ļô˵ộҲŮġһһͷҿ㻹һһ̣ȻҲǡ
ȴŴȳ̾ҪиүĵͷɻڴඣԿ࣡
˶Ӱ͵ģȴҶ䴫OO@@ǵ˶ãڹһһŲ˲ԶŨܵĹľǰ˲Ҷ
һӰٴӹľ˳Ϊʲôޣŵô󺰴ˣ˺һӲŶǸڹڵɪɪˡ
ҲӪʵĵƻ˶ʿĴ磬عǽűߣүǣ˵𣡡
˲죬û뵽ڼ˳Ļˣ㡭κڼ飿
һ̹Լõ¶ϰ߲˰̣Ҳڼ鰡Ǵӳģ
⵹öһʱжϲ˵٣һ˼󣬾ҲǶ˸жϵ⣬ȥͣǱѺ˾٣ٲϱҶ
ʱҶųصϢȥ̽ĳ˼˵ΧĴ価̣κϴһաʬף־һЩ뺢ͯʬǲûаɱɾ°൱һˡ
Ѿݵĳ򣬳ⶼκܷأǳʲô״
˵ǰκ٣°Щܸɻ׳굱ū°һЩòŮӣҲ֣ٻģȫߡ
ݵǼǳ׷ʲô£ռ⼸ǳأʲô
˼ʱȻ˵Ѳߵʿץס˸ˣԳǴκӳġ
ǽõĻᣬʿ˴ܿ˺۵˾ͱӪС
ʲô֣ˣȿѯ⡣
ɹڵϣֻ͵һǰˣȻ֪ΪʻǸŮˣü۷ȲҲǾлµʵش𣬡СĽСͼ򳤴󡣡
ȷǱˣ˵Ǵκӳģô²ģ
ҶһʣɵᣬǰİҹҺϱ˯кɱŻˣȻ󼸸κʹҼң˶Ȼ͡Ŀ˻ƵȻ˶㣬ɱҵϱ´Ů
ӪڻƵĿм¶Щ̵ɫҶƽʣΪʲôûɱ㣿
˵ã֪֪ٵĶҸ·ҾʹȥϵٵסɼæǱȵģǸֵҲϣҲ·Ҫɱң
⵹ǸҪϢҶ׷ʣȻأ
Ȼǰѵٵȫɱˡκ˻ܸɻ׳ˣ¡¶Լϰ߲߰ı޺ۣЩӣǳģɻһ㣬ҪһٱӡҲǺò׳ǲעӳġ
Ҷϸ۲ϵı޺ۣƤʵİ̺ۣȷЩʱµģǶǸʲô
ʲôУźǣݣа˶
Ҷ¶ЩУ׷ʣڰʲô
֪ҡͷֻоأӷõģǲܴҲʡȻʲôǻרһ׳ˣҲ֪ǴȥĶ
л˵
ǳǸЩͻҪԵ˸¡ûгģֻкܶæ
ϢΪԼæµ̶Ⱥ״ѾȫĴһˣΪõͱ½һдء
֮лҵ֧֣ǲӵģΪٶҲ񣬳ûȶȽˣдǵһλġ
ʱ䣬ͼ˾ֻһӼأһīֿ쿪ʼˣá


52Ŀ
һš
ɵıɼмֵȻɴ˸ɻ󡪡κʲôƷַ²һȥʲô
֮󻹼𣿡׷ʡ
ҡͷ˱֮󣬾ûټˡӦǱˡ
Ҷ˼Ļش˼շԸ֪ˡǮ˰ͻذǱ߰ɡ
ԣزϸлҶǰΪԼ޶
ȵʿɴߺߵĸ飬ǷԲںòˣǴͼܳģΪҪ˰ߣھеǸã
ɡҶûڣӪһŮѾȿڣӪҵģû֪ʲô˵ԼͼˣԼ޶κɱҲһ֮ʣһκڼأ˰ͻȥҲüǷ˹
Ů˵ﻰҶΪ͵ף
ۼҶҲͬԷ˵ûټ֣ˡȵ˾뿪ҶſǰԵŮʲô֣
ݼŮҶ񣬡˪ǰƾְֻǵս˺󣬾͵ȥ˺󷽡˵ǿǰҲ㱨֪֮
ԭĸµǰҶɫ࣬¿ɳ̣ǰһô
ٶ²Ҳ̸ֽһǳ𹥣һκʵκûгŹռǳһҲǱޡ˪һ˵ԼĿֵѣѾ˱һֱҲױ¼ɵ
ҶŪɳϵӣ֮ôһǳ̽أ
˪Ҳɳ̣ͼ㲻λƫǣκҪԮҲûһʱ䣬ֻǸƫƧС򣬳Ƿ㲻ܡȹͼ򣬿κڳЩʲô㡣
Ҷ˼ź˪Ľ飬ȴеͼԵȪϣȪأ
Ϻ˪̽Ŀ⣬Ҷ͵Ȫͨ˴ͨƳǡȻκֱ棬ʵжݵĸС֮СңȪλãκıʵ䣬һ;Ȫ·˵ջ񡣡
оžƻĻӳͫеӳɳɽ

īī
Ӱ߲Ͷڵ񻨴ϣзüҶϵ׵ƹͣעֻ·ϵĹġ
Ůڴߣīɢż䣬̧ʱڻ䣬¶ϸֱ뻡Ưǡ
ī辫רעעָ⣬ǵָɢ֦չ󿪳һذ꼻
磬ө꼻Ĵӻʢţʤ»ࡣ
ʢŲδ̫ãīϸܵıָҲ΢΢ţȻҪά꼻ʢ״̬˵Ϊ
ܿ꼻֦ɢһйޣټīҵؿţƽº󣬲ַдɬĵĹż
ѵ¶Ϊɥ飬Ϲż
ԸʣѧʲôӦֵΪʲôϣ
ǰһһѧϰһˣ
С뷿Ľ뿴ī跳ط鼮ʱʱԼĲʱ򣬵¹شһߵīߣϣᴥùͷС㡣
ֱ˵ī費͵ĿȻͣ
μͻǱǵҵˣСĶáӦٹվͻᱻīˡС
ԣī贽ڹЩȣܶ㣬īٺҡѵעЩҪǻˣǸӣʲôѰ̼顣
Сģв
ͷʾ⽭¡
ȵ˳ֻʣһ˺򿪹ţȡϸĳ
ʻƷǿ˶ϱʯȻҹɫ»ʣ͸覣봰ʢޱơ
Ըĳγ
ʱΪʶΪɺڼ֤ѪУ׷Ŀ
Լ׼

īǧ
ǧڣɱž˽ʽͳһһ£Ĭ¥žΧѹ֣¥ڱǽ档
¥еãڵȵҪҵˡ
¥ϵĵУɫϱϸس֮СǰĬطžڣֱߵʱŻϵľᣬתͷ
ʹǧڣҲס˰Ƶڵ·⣬ʲô𣿡
ǰЩʱ˽Դ˺üӰڶûһ͡ʣÿһӰִ񣬶Ҫڸд浵ġ
ԣֻǴݵĦŰ棬Ҳڸд浵Ǵִ̽ϢЩӲ߼Ѫ˼
̽ʲôϢԷʲôˣѪ֮Σ֪ǵݣ׳һ׷ʣЩڵһδᡣ
Ȼ֣ȻͲ»ڡ涼ɾˣ֪ݡ˵شбڵͫڻűڱģ㲻ԽǧΪЧȻҲΪ˱£ҵȻ֪һ㡣ȻڱЧµİΣùĵ顣
ΪΪ˱ЧҲҪųһпܵǡԼóԴǣǱ粵ԷһʵΡ
һЦͬΪǧְλƽҲֲ㡣Ϊ£¶ܼù⣿Ϊ˱£Ӱڰ²Ǳ˴˻ɵġתͷȥ븵ӣǸʵڻɣϱ£ɱ¶ɡ
˵ĹûʣһʱҲҲɣֻܶһ䡰Ϊ֮߷߷ȥ
뿪Ŀؼϰ
ǻʵһԵȻĶԷץסԼʲôѱĵģʱ˵ϡ
Ȼо綾ѩṦ˵ãڶӰܵˣҲʬԼ˽īٳѰ˼죬ҲûѰټ
ֻܼϣѩﶾûͳϢϧԼҲûţ֪ԱļʲôݡѾɹ͵ƽϡҲֻûзչһ
޳ָƻϣܿߺüͷΪǶ
һš
л˵
պͬѧ̽־չͬѧ꣺оûһ˳ӵС
ңС㲻ҪˣĹ˼ÿ쳤ˡͷè顿
ڱ10ұµcpһ㶼ȷ10ģһ˵֧档ϵȻֻ֧ģǶλ10ҲȷġԱûбעܣҲûб껥оûһȽʺϵtag


53ҹϮ
ѩɫӳѪɫ
Ȫ
¹ľεĵ·ϣֻ¿ת֮ҹɫи
¿ʿһǷļ緽ԣô̯Ʋ£û˯þˣ
ʻ¿ʿһۣһ߹Ƿһ߱Թͷ˵ˣЩҪʲôʧҪǵͷ
ʿٺһЦᣬǰ⳵ϵĶߣһӳԺȲˣߺ鷳
Ƥ޷سĻ¿ϣκ¿̵ųΪҺһ죬ǷһƨծûξҼﻹãҪˣô죿
˵ǸӡԷشſڣ㶼ԺȲˣȥʲô
ţдڵһȴʱоһһһźĽѾʺؿԱߵˣȴһ˱Լ㡣
һµŮִǱɫĽʺĺ⡣
ٻܣŷѺ¿Ķ鲻֪ʱѾһףȫɫִС
ҶѩͥһϸϸѪۡѪ󣬼ʻ¿ʿ԰ʣ𡣡
ʿĬϡ
˵ʲô
ͷֻ˵ֵǮĶҪǵ
Ҷʾ˿ƺʣת¿ڶѻӣֻ⿳һӵƿ˸ӣضѷһѱһ󣬶೤˸ۣѱȫ
ʱ˶һĿģ貵Ľɫâ
һľײűֶĿĽ⡣
ⱱصƫƧС򣬵ôƽ
ڲǼƽµʱ̣Ҷ¸Ǻӣתͷٿʿжأ
ʿһ󣬡ԼĪǧɣǻһߡ
ǧˣȻ뿪Ӧòûʣ¶پֵܹĳ̶ȣҹϮ
Ҫô˽ǣ
ʱ˵£óƣǾͻῪŷǡ
Ҷ*ʾɿʣԼ¿֮УһǣϧĻͱˣС
ʿڵȻҲԼľӣԼԶڼˣֻѡϡǿѹԼĵľ֣ǿװ򶨵شһ·αװŲԶĳʻȥ
Ҷض¿֮УмԤԼļƻȪ򽼺󣬾۲죬ȷϻκ˵ʶһȪ˷ԼԴڱؾ֮·϶׷κ͵Լƭκ˴򿪳ź󣬺ͷһͬȪ
רעųֱ¿ͣ£κĽ̸ǳŻתɫ
һ̣ɫ˺ҹɫѸ缲磬ֻڼ֮䣬سǵʿǰ
Ǿֵ˫ͽȴֻܿԼ
ˮĽӳ籡Ѫɫһɱ
ҹسǵʿƣֱҶѾɱſڵˣʿŷӦҹϮȡǽϵͭҪ죬ҹ
еͭ౻Ľлڵطѵ죬ܿǵӰǰȡûǽĳָʺ
ǽʿ
ҹκͻҹϮʱҳһţҲ֪ױΣֻֻʵڳд󺰡ˡǵĻ̻̣ʱû˵ֿ˼
ܿȪϵκ׷׽еͶֻϧκκ뽫춼ˡ
콵ʱŽз²ʿȦȻмֵˣڿҶнմѪʱԾ
ݳгĵ飬ҲǰĴһжɱ˸ɾµĶܸɻ׳꣬Ҳ൱һ׳걻ߣûжκľ񣬲û¶ٻڡ
˿Է²κʱԷȻݺݵصԼһı顣
ĿڿڣǸĿڿһֻЩУбһ
İáҶ΢üͷ򢣬ȡķ
ʿ⣬һסáľ٣һݺݵϡĶȵðǣҲá
ȻʶңʶмҲڴˡҶЦŶӣô˵Ĳκ˶һȺֻ֪ӲͷһپʶʱˡһɱаʱҲ𣿡
κռ⼸߳ǣʲô
ô֪ͷĺ˵ܷơ
ôôƽЩƽǴģ׷ʡ
бһۣ鲻Ըػش𣬡֪ǴɽǱ˹ġֻЩ׼˳κ
ɽҶ¶ɻɽҲһƽƽı߳ǣû˵ʲôƽ𡣲ȻʲˣȪֻһתĵؽ磬κѴɽѹεĻƽת˳ˣǿƲκ˵ȷΪЩƽġ
Ҷɻʱ˪ߵ˵κڷŻƽĲֿѵһƹĿʯ࣬ʢһ۵Уסڽ䡣
ֵǣûκ֪Щʯʲô
ҶȥεĿʯǰƳһ۱ǿйڵϵľ٣ͷˣ̫ͱ˵ˡ
ܿͱϽԶȥҶƽϣͬ˪˲ֿв鿴εĿʯ
Ǵ򿪣¶ɫĿʯʯȴƫƫŰɫ·ŹշĹâ·ӵһ硣
Ǵ򿪵һ˲䣬༱ٵţһĪĿֻ벻ԼǻеȴΪ֮˷ܵ
¶͸Ź֮еĿʯȴǺ

īī
ļѸž£ӰҡβڴͶ»ζӰ
īǵͨõѪ޹ˣ϶µλɾɨ۵ס
λĹīԵùڷأڴһֱΪҲԴΪ
زڵλԿ˾īһңλһֱīһԵλ
СĵؽƲøɾ°ںʱȺѾõĽС㣬μѾҵīˣھڸ⡣
īֱӣڴ˿ưôһףһ˲佫յͨ
õλЩĬλʱȴһ˫˫۾ע
úĮɤͰɡ
һ°ڣλǰ£ѩɫ°̳£ͬʢҹ꼡
Уҡ
ƽ
л˵
һĿҲǸС߳ǰ˲ٱȽϸķš
ֿдˣá
˳֣к۱ԱɾˣɾģҶɾģ͡


54
ַ
Ǻμʱ̤µĸۡ
ֻǱ꣬ƺľǿڱֲҡҷʱԾüͷ
ֻǸü췱ʢʢٻ
ֻӳǲŻ겻л١
һ·ѺīȥЩõؿѺİԼ·
ޱ飬СԸҪ˵Ĵ
ˣμ̧̧磬۵ζտյкˣ
һԵĽ䵭ɨһۺμͣԸú˵С
μͣЩī赱ǻ˸ǰֻ̣ǲ֪֮᲻롣
ǰΪǰμЧΪСЧǾҰˡ֮޶ԡ
ĹΡμ͸˵ЩʲôȴһϥϣʹֹסԴǣһȳһյȥ
ſڣ֮иʤҶ䣬
С㣬˴ˡſ
ܿŰµӰʹڲμڿʱǻһ˲ǰͯģڵθ߼ǸͬɫͫĮȻɫīһޣϸüۣúμѪӿ̫ˣǸŮޱƵüۡ
¡۵صī裬ǿ˫ϥء
ī϶¸ˣʱīϾ޹ϵֽңȻҲ񡣡
˵ȴûаúμ˼һЦЦĻȣȷʵû뵽ǻټһ죬ɼҵȱ˴ԤϵĳҲһԵְɡ
α˵ЩûʵĻμһЦ
ôһı飿īƣںμ߿յӴμͣڼǺֻֻֿ֣ԼͬҴĶģǸͽ䣬ҺһֱֻۣӮϣ֮ҶϣӮˣԸķ䡣
һᵽͼǻŭʱ㰵ʾǸͽӻԼ磡
ıҲǾľֵһַʽҿɲûֹҲüơīЦŷˣҲʲôġҲ̸֪ͬкܶķԶʹһɡ
óһԵĽǱƷĳǰʶѽ𣿡
μɫӵؿŽöɫĿ͸ʯȴٳûӦ
īȴһ󣬡ҲգʵĻ㲻ʶҲġ
νʣһʣϻʱĻµãнΣ͸ý졪ͬԺʢŵ١
ʵһ˲䣬סΧ˵Ŀ⡣Ͼ֮УҲûۿʵģīƽպýȻлۿС
ڿ彣ʵģ󣬺μɫԱ仯˵ǿ־廹Ƿŭֻɴ۷߷עų
ī迴ɫҲȻʶѽģʶմҲ彣
μͻԲмЦҲ֪
ֻġī̧н޵زգμͲԾĲ΢ۣںΪȡ
μͫȻǱī˵ˣճʱϳѽݡ
ɫĽȡֻڷ֮䡣
ӳʱѽȡ˵Ҳƽʺֻߡ
һμīΪһ
ɫ仯īУܿīǵܵЦҲڣʮǰȥӳǣôҵĸҲһͬǰˡ
μ̧ͷֻīڵͫŹ⣬ɫͬһƬ޹Ԩһʱ䲻īӣղŹҧҧûС
˵ѵӺ׾ӣҹҵһַʽ˵ʵ䣬ʺһ⣬Ҳԡ
缱ֹ괵ûζʡ
ΪʲôҪȥӣʮǰӳǳǲйأīɤһһٵʡ
μ͵ϢԼ³һ䣬Ҳ֪
תûκԥؾϻһѪڣ̵ѪҺδδ𻮹ڵ棬˵ҲѻμͣҪӲֶҸ׵ģΪֻٶֻֻǴҲ˵кֶܶ
μϵ˿ڣΪʹ޿̵ŭī裬ī裬ʳʲôأҲ֪ΪʲôҪǸʶ̧ٵĸζϽ㣬αش´ȥӣôֵܣ
һ£ī豾Ͳ԰׵ķɫյòҰס
һֱԤУĴӱ˿ٵõʱԽܡ
нŭһܸܵķŭ죬ΪңŻӣ
ۼī겻гɫڳɶμЦһǳվۼʼӰ޷赲ŷŻոʯٰˡ
īת¶һָĪ䵭Ц⣬ˡҲǣӵش᫼ѣû·ӰҲѽӡ
μʶֱī˻ĸײʶʱһֱԸ⽻㣬׼գô²ߣͲΪ㸶˶٣ǸϹ۵һ֪ôĹεĶ
ûĸ𣿡īƺ¶ѵɫΪʲôһīܣҪ̳ϺΣıŮûʸ˵ʲôԡ
μ;ͲīܵŮҲŮܽӹīϵȨ֮ʣŮûʲô˵ġ
ȷһкܶ๲ͬԡī軺ֱӣתеλȻûĸףҲΪҳɲ£֪ܿһĸ׵ģ֮ʡŮʲôˡ
ƽ·̸꣬ϳȥ٣Ȼӵι
μ͵ĺܿûУֱ˶ɢȥīеѵ׹أҵؿǻл֮ȥĶĸŻ
ҵĿþûصڿռŵá
ȵѪҺָ䣬һһĽϣѪҺȻ뽣У֮С
ƺǸܵıŭűỺš
ǿŲʣһߵīܵλǰȡơ̴ľϻմȾδɵѪο̽Ŀϡ
̧֣¡
λҲ֮ˤڵ棬Ƭ
ֲٻվܱˮ仨꣬Ȼ÷ʢͬƮѩ·Զ֪Ϊ㡣

¼
մ麵彣ΪֹעѪ
˽ΪΪϣ彣
һɣնµȴͷ­
俪̫ƽմƽϲಫ֮ܽ£ԲʡΪΪ壬ΨѪУ޷ɽ⡣ʶ˽ƽѪɷء
˽ʧƫ棬ΪΪ
󽣴ī֮ʱ˽Ѽ֤һ˶ʢʱ޷ĿӡѪ۰߲Թѽ⡣
ýԹ漫īгʣն޵бѪծ׻˻𣬴˽ΪΪĳ⡣
նȴҲ̫ƽʢû˳
νʯ֮Ľǣ˶Ϊ಻ΪѪϴֻڵմһɣʡ
Թһ
л˵
һС߳ī֮ǰ˺ܶǳϸķʣΪʵ̫Ͳ⣬жܹһǳġ
ľ״̬ī軹ͦóɫĬġ


55Ʒ
˾黭ǧȻƷ
Ƴ
ߣʲôԸʱͺáСĵؽҶͳۡĿԶȥںһ
Ҷĺɫ߳ƳǸĸзơ
ԹȪжκӦöɽתٿɽƳǣҪƳǹͬɽֻûлʵ۵ּ⣬ƳȻĵܣƬˮ
ϧȪʱ˲ٳҳӵκҲвӦȥɽͨ籨ţ׷һɰ;ϣƳģȻǴʧκɽ򣬲֪ǳɸľӼȷǾҲĸһѳԿõ棬ѱɵҲóȻ
ؽ黳ǶǿµҲǳ̬ǡͬһ·µĺ˪ο
ƾҲ֮Уֻ´ʧüᴹҶ̾Ϣһ
˪ö꣬˾и£˴γʱ˺Ͷռڵսסϸ֣ոɽҲ£ɽһոʣҲǲҲ㹻ʥϸ²Ͼ̫Ҳױ˶ϡ
˵꣬ҶѵÿãǳһЦ㵽׿͸
дľˣȻܶ¾Ϳˡ˪ֻ˴𣬲ԡ
ǰɽ˽٣
ɽɽеƫƧСҪɽһҪɳ̽Ȼ˪ȷʵҲ벻ͨΪʲôκῴôط
һ̸߽һƳǵĽֵϡƳҲǱķУֵ۴αȡֻΪκϮһ£óĻ̻̣ϡ١
Ҷϸ۲죬ֵֽϵ˽ŲҴң̷ܿͱһɨ
ͥĵ£ֱһŵĹŶ̱ۣۼлпˣҶв죬ź˪սӡ
УڿҶʱ۴ŮȷǷ֪ǸκԼдˣڲֻܷԸԼεĵԱȥдš
ҶֻڵɨһۣϾڻʳڿ챦سôһͨĵڣԲûʲôƷ̽ҵʵģȻҲԣɫװԵڹȤģ
ĲɵŵԱܣ۽ȴѾһԵϤдĹ˿ͣһ»ӴſϬʵ覣ȷѵõƷɼʲĹ͡
˿Ȥŵһ黭˵ǵ˾黭ʱҲҶȤ
սһԭһĺطɰأ½һǰԾ䡣ϸȥʴ侫ȴϣضԽӲҶȻ黭ϸҲжϳƷҪǣī豾Ͳϲˣڻʫ
˿ȤȻûʶΡҶҲֵòƣҲװȤģԱ߿⸱Ʒ
˱һһ㶣ڵĴһ˾黭ǧ󣬿ĵļҲûκԥ׼Ʒ
Ҷ֪ǳʲô̬ͻȻڼӼһ
ȴҲһڱصõ飬գ۵ͬҶӼ˺üΡ
ȻûлôǮһƷȥ޴뷨ȷ˵ȷƴֺһЦճûǹҪˣϲ
һҪͬǰȥˡ
Ҷڵע˵˺Ĺ̨ˣƳ˸ǮȴǴͳһööĽ𶧣ڹ谵ĵƹ·ŶĿʱζۡ
뿪󣬵ڳдλͣЩ˼ش֣ĵλС㣬ǲ˼ǾһλˡĶѡ
Ҷ״ʣλӳ£֪ǺҲ
¶ɫ˵ݣ˽ϣ⡣
ɫɨһ⣬Ҷɣ޷׷ȥҲüֻҪǾذͼǲƷҲͬϻ֪Ҳ¡
û뵽ںӱվʪЬ˶мңæ˵ţЦʤС겻ЩСɾù˵ʲôʱǡ
ʶʱ
ʲôˣ
ǳżеƹģ£˶֪ġ
㽻ףõĽӣ
϶ǡ
Ҷһ㵽ҲΡ
Ц˵ģһֽǮһֽĽӶǻʵȻҲʡ
ϧǮʵɻǡҶһɨڹ棬ݬ룬˲ƷƷ
˾һǧҲƷֻƧõġҶļҵҲգҲûΪԼƷе
ҶҲͬûûƤ˶ིʣżʲôģ
˼һȻɻ󣬡Ҳ˽⣬ֻ֪Ĵƺӱչﵹȥ
ҶЩϸڣۼӵҴʲʲôŴź˪뿪˵档
õĻƽΣ߳ţ˪ѯҶ
Ȼû֤ݣܻЩƽȪѽ˵ĻƽйءҶϾôƽͨ֡  =
ǿô죿
Ҷ̧һ۽ĺɫȻ֪ǾżУҹ̽һôƽ𾿾ζ

īī
ҩ£졣ɬҩɢڷУþû֮ȥ
׻ؽŴɫҺ壬Ű״ֹǽڷ۳ݵĻߡīޱؽл̵ҩ֭۽΢סڵ˫ͫɫԲ̬Ĳ԰ףµĹǼܵ·ʱܱ紵ɢ
μٴīѵüѪһɭɭ׹ǱȥιҲ˻ĻĽҰһʬ
պīȻȻɫƽȴոƵؿѪ
˿̣ذ־䦿Ŀʺ죬ѩк÷԰׵ĴǲδѪ졣
īϸϸȥǲѪۣл˵̽ͷ̽Եʲô
ԥԥõĽ߽䣬⼸ֵī壬ȴҲҴùͷǱߣϢˡ
īֱӣʲôϢ
֪Ϣһǣī辫˿農ʱ䣬вԸϢҲ֪Ǳī֪ԼǾͲͷصˣǾһֱѪĿܣǰЩӸѹ
ѵһīеĴյˤ䣬Ƭɽѵʧ̬ȴ¶ϲɫжǵâ̱Ҫȥһˡ
С·Զ塱촽⶯Ҳ֪ԼȰûʲôá
¡īŲҴңЩʱգ˭𣬶Ҳˣ͡
ҡҷǣ˼
ڣֽصĹ硣
л˵
һЩȽϳȻĶ¾ص㣬ֻһЩҪ趨ڡ
ʱīҶ˶ͦѡҵģ˷ֱ֮ȻûһԷ
һֱʮܵںһԷǳƣƽʱѹ벻ԷΪʲôãԲ𡿣ҵ̸֮ɡ
ҪµͼˣƯӳǡ


56
򴺼ɻ̣֣֪硣
ҹڷߣɫӳ²ʡҹɫڻźµӰӯԺǽϢŴ󻧵լԺС
żڳһ̽׾֪˵ַſЩҶʲôвҶ׵ƹǱڡҹʱ䣬ȴǵƻͨӳｻӰһǾƱײЦ
ĵʲô谭ˡ
ݵڻӳдУܿƹǰķƵ˺󷽵Ŀⷿ
ⷿſҲǿտյ˿أŵҲڸոյںȾơҶһϵ˵㸴ӣ϶任Сʱ˿˿ⷿ
Ŷ룬Ҷո˵󣬸ɴص˻ӵ˿ⷿĵ򣬽ŵƻ𷭿ⷿڵĻ
ԿȥⷿڵĻﵹƽƽ棬һЩزҩƤݣĶñصҩƤԭϷٲɹزص⡣
ֻе۹⿴ȥôϷɹ۲ʴƿг㲻Ϻá
۹ƽƽĲ𣿵ЩӸӻ
Ҷ̣ܿؾͽⷿڵĻﶼһһЩͨƷ֮һ·ⷿڼǽĻܴͣ˽Ų
ŵĻ⣬Ƭָ̺۹棬ԳƵĻɵǣЦīٳȺ˸ۣصֶζԵ̫׾ӡ
ڻһҶ˳ҵ˻صİţƶתǽ氵֣¶ͨµͨ
Ҷ밵ʱ㵽صĵҡ
㱻Ļεۡ
а˸ɫʯ黭Ʒаڷмһ¹ͷϸ׺Ըɫ˶ʯݻ
ϧóƷ۹⿰ǣĲٲƷƷٲΰ롣ϸһƣҵǼҹŶķī黭Ʒ
ƳһӵıʯʱҶͻȻһī彣Ƕ˶ʯǿűʯɫͨ覣ʣݵıʯҲûһ*ܹʹԼҲûмɫõɫʯ
˵ǼֵҲΪ
īļóôһݻıʯҲ֡еεǣīϲţƫ±֪ϲؾڽǶôһŶĿıʯȻԸ
Ͼûмʵģ֪Ǳʲô
Ҷջ˼˰ҽϸڷŵĺľ䡣ЩľϵҪϸ࣬ڶһԿ쵶ն飬ֱӰνϵ
ƿţ׼Ҷ΢ۣⱻĿĽλۡ
һڷţҫ۶ĿĻƽڵűĽɫ
Թһ»ƽҶ֪һССоܲ˶Ļƽ𣬴±Ρ
һϯݵҹؿⷿļҶشӷгһߴžһߵײײڵĿⷿߡ
㰴һ㣬Լһⷿ߸ͻȥЪϢ˭֪ߵⷿǰ̵ɴۣЩľƶˡֻⷿŴ󳨣򶼱ȼ뺰־Ӧûš
ⷿڣƷǶڷţûȱʧԽԽýţһ·ƵĹǰȻѾ򿪡
԰£ӳı̳µĻƽڵԣ׽˸ľϵĺŮһа棬˫ɫȴȻƽҪĿ
ǼƹɣúģЩƽ

ɽ߰ˮ¸ߣԳϻ
峿ض¶ˮ뵣չҲʲ壬ɽˮ̶ûˮ֮С
ѥĽŲӯ̤ʪʯשذǲ·߲Ҷ¶մʪοһƬǳǳˮۡ
һҶƯڽ棬ڴͷͷڿŮʱվӣ̽ʣöҪɽ
վڰϵŮһϮ£ͷϴһñɴ䣬ݡлһҲֲ֣Щ̫ƽ⸱߽Ҳ١
ŮͷʱҲؿɽȥӡ
ϣ룬æϴ˴
һҶŽɿڻȥڣŴ϶ļеĳʪˮ峺ճԲ⡣
̸ʱҲвһ߻һʣˣ
šĬκīͷ
ǾǻؼҿǺЦܻؼҺð
ī迴Ŵⰶ߾ɫЩ仯ʼջϤģ˼꣬ڻӡ
ô˵涼̫ƽöûˡ
ôī軳бͷش𣬡ӡ
ǻǻӺðǸõطҡҼﻹмĶأ⼸ճɶũæʱͳɴ⣬Ҳ㹻Ｘˡ
ϰϰñɴǺ£Щ⸳˰أ˻Ҳ١
ǶЩǮɡ̾ϢͣдСᲴڽɿڴˣûؼˡ
ڰӰ֪ʱѾ̤˰һöۼֿؼæסϸ٣־ȻǻʵӣЩŵзڳٻˣôԣˣ
նͷ˳Ѿв֧̯Сò֡
ӵشɽ֮䣬ѣվԹͨȷðֵ̫ƽ֮ء
иԻɻ̣֣֪硣
Ӹꡣڴ̾꣬걱֮һմ麣ǳСƾӪ̶ӱ鲼ݣʢ
մ麸£̫ɾͰҵҵ̵أº̼־Ȼǹٹ񣬲ʳãڴ置֪Եɣд˵񲣬಻֪١ϷʢٲȻΪһ鳯͢ԴĽ֮ء
һֱʵƴ񣬾ö֮γԼ׳ɵĬܴ͢Ĺٸ棬ల¡
ֱʮǰһҹĴ𣬷پո֧ʢһʱļҲʹ
ֻȻˣ͢ȻûʵʵƿƬء
ī谲ش˺֮Уӵʱ̣ܶĴҲ㲻϶ࡣ
ÿһУֻΪߵһѾʮꡣ
Юˮ棬Զŷʡ
ī̧Ρ룬顰ӡ֡紵Ƿɻ䣬ѩ
ռɻ绹硣
л˵
ɽ߰ˮ¸ߣԳϻ١
ļҪĶࡣ
ڻؼѽ˾


57
ͽ͵ؼƬƴա
żеƹǰʱԭ¶ľʱ˴롣
һ·ײײԼҿⷿĵңľϰƽҶʱ۾ǵɵͬͭһ㣬Ե״Σǡ
һᣬƹ񡣡ҶչһЦǽģҽܣҶϳ
ԭƽҲ˵ͳλ͵Ŀһ
Ȼ֪ҵݣǲ˵ˡҶָľ䣬죬һЩƽɣƹ񡣡
ǽƱԣȻСЩµһǮˡ
ǮƾЩ۲ʴƿڻڿⷿɣҶмЦֽеĽ׸ƹ˵Ǳ˴˳˵Ҳֱ˵ˣҴȪǱߵκϽɻһƽ𣬿ȥɫ£ƹĿⷿƣĽͣҲֻܹٸˡ
ҶвЧģãɫһһŵǺαأ
ʲôαزαأ˽ͨκ㵣𣡡͵һľ䣬ǵ
֪ȥֻ̾ϢһƹˤСĵȻЩӣǸ´ŵİˣ
˵ʲôҶѾ粽ǰ£
ǰżУǱʲǲǰ¾Ӫˡ
Ҷ죬ܿ˳˼·Ϊ¾ӪУģЩƽģ
ҲһһʮɽǱߣһ󣬿ɵĻƽ𣬶֮͵żУΪ±ӪǮϽµ˽⡣
ɽ󣿡¶ɻ󣬡Ҵδ˵
󶼳˽⣬Ȼǲ֪ġ޹һ̯֣µ˽ǮҪ࣬׵ġ
˵ҲϾڵĽͭ󣬶ǹУֻܹٷɣɺҲᾡ⡣֮ĪȻЩ˹⣬黧֧붼軧׼¼Ҫù⣬Ҳ鷳࣬ʶʵ۶Լ˽⣬ЩöֱӴ˽ȡ᷽ࡣ
Ȼ˽¿ɳ˱µ˽֮С
ȻҲû˿ֵ̱޹Ȼб˽ң׬˸
ϸƣȷǻƺҶҲȷ˵ʵԡ
˵κǶɽ󣿡˿κô׳ܿǴȥɽĽ
⵹ǺпܵġҶЦģɽݣǱҲûϢҲͷۡҪǿոɽҲǰ½һ鷳ǣ
ҶЩб˽ҵֵֻ֪ĵҲ֪ԼҪǽ̯ӡһɽǱߣнϸϢ͵ͼһݡ
ӦһæȥҶýĵͼȻŰصĻƽϸãûҵǰȪɻһĿʯ
Ҳ֪Ĺʯʲô

ӳ⿴ܣһӹٱģϸŲųڵİա
ǿǿοյٻƺ󣬻ǵɴ´ñŮܿüĿǹˣΪų
ڿ档īѵŽֱ߷羰бֲľǷɻ䣬ݱʢīٽˮԴˮīᣬӳĳľɽƴ䣬ɫʣԶȥȺɽûģɰ̡
ֱ߾̯ˣ˳ò֡ͯ׷Ѻһ·ܹ»ЦصڿС
īؿŽֱ߷羰羰ӳͫ¶ѵõɫ
һֱרעؿŽֱ߾£ֱйУ֣һۡǰͣ¡
ٻʢʢʱڿü죬ۡɽֲ֣Զȥʮﲻϣ
ۡʽƸţɿľשϳɫ£ϼݻ
긾˴ʹڸۡǰеţڿͣʱæӭС㣬ڻˣ˵ҪϢÿ춼ڵǵȵˣ
ī˵ЩʲôȴѾǣϸҲ˳ӵɸ˽ϸϴκֳЩ
̣ÿμ㶼˵īλش
ȷǳˡϲǣīߣϾ٣һҲһõһΡ
۽΢Ҳûзʲôֻл᳣ġ
ããϾˣҲ֪ٻ꣬ܶСһҲǺõġϸذī°ڣüۼǴȰؼЩʲôҷԸȥ
ǵġؼҡ
Ȼīʮ꣬īٲļҡ
м俪ʼĸۡտյķ䡣ÿնĿҵռ֮¡ԶǸĮģû
лиϵӣʱԶһӶ顣
ѧʲôܿ죬˺ܶʱˣ׵ӣԼĸס
ȥѰԼĸףΪÿ˶ԼĸмţԼĸ׻䵭ĸײͬ
ֱīīϵٹ⣬ıѣܵʹֻ࣬ʱܴӸ״䵭֪Ϊ޵׽ĸӳǸѾļ壬ǳȼҹĴǻʼµѪծ
һԼĺ޻
ӴԼĸ׵Ψһմ֮ϼ֤ѪУް߲ڴС
īܲȥ˽Լĸ壬ֻҪסĳޡֻΪ飬ԱĽѰĸײ¶ȡ
һֱ͵͵ӣ껨лĳǳء
ոڴбڵķ档ʱǨл϶롣
Цĸö̲֮ռҵȴոľַԼİڣ¡
þȥѰҵɱռʹӣǵļȥؽռҵլۡ
ֻμݻӽȥҲ֡ڼƬȥƴգ˿ȥ֪ԼĸǵӳʢٻǸ緢Ůӡ
ڿӵԼļˡ
һ̫ȴ̫á
ī迴еֻԷȲụ̈ȴȥɡϾҲ֪λĿġ
áȻʧ䣬ҲīľԴѹ󣬾һֱںɽҴСȥ
ٿз紵ī֣һƬһġ
ãսС
׷õĴ𰸣ڻһ
л˵
īǰİʾ
īϵӳûѪԵϵʮ»ʺīǡҰ֣֡˷
ѪҲΪ˻ʺʾĸԼĸ׵в޹Բܵ˾޴Ĵ̼Ѫ
ʮīҶ֪֪¥һʼϰ˭Ҷ֪մ麣ī豾ѪԲŻ֪¥մ͸Ҷٵġ
ӳǴĻٻīŻԼķ٣ǣӳǵĻǲлġ
ٽһʮ£īѰҵڸµӰȷĸȷʵвԼĸĸ֮УŻһŭֱ֮ٴΪӰҲͬУҲԼɱĸˡ
ϸھͲһһˣĹ»ںϸ͡


58Ľ
Ƥҹ£︯ܲ
ļ粻Ȼգȥɽ·ʱܿ顣
ֻǵ飬ܿ֯Ļ
ոȾ˷纮æɡȰ˵Ȼظ
ֻɡִңҪɽȥκβֻȥɽ
ոĺɽͬڸڱֲ٣ɽҰ֣仨ѣ繡ɽûʮķ۰ĻУ䣬ҡ壬졣
ɽ£ʯ࿿ƮڱϣʯȥҲ޼ģ
ڱǰŮӻȻµˮԶվڱǰעűϿ֡
ֱһɫֽɡŵͷȻʱʧɫ
һΪˮΪ£ܽѡ
ĵһһȴֽɽһƵʧɫ
ī˺ܶطʱӦ˵ЩʲôĿԣֻǽɡŵøЩ˶סܴ󡣡
ŮӵĿԶƽȴýֻƫͷЦľżЩҲ
īֽסһˮű¶ȣо𣿡
ԷԤϣȻֻһľżȷܸ֪¶ȵģֻ˲ľżУö֮ԼҲͺ˸ܡЩůˣѾԶȥˡ
һЩ
ī轫ɡһЩĻǼǵóɡ
һμˣŮŴδüۣĺ仹ǵһ۾֪ݡ
ûռഫɫȴվ伫Ƶ٣͸䵭ܿüĿ繣·
ĺֽӹīеɡźãīǺĺӡȥĸͬĸ֮⣬ܾû˹ҵůˡ
īȻǡᡱ̲סЦԼȻδᣬõĴմߣֻԼĸ׺ĸķڣˣھαװԼԼĮ񶾣ǾȻȴõȥһĸŮ
ϵҡ˰Σī³ôһ仰
īԹûĵľżȴ·ӵһŶǵģģ񣬵һ۾ܿŮ
û˵վ䣬īʵȻơվӳļ޲õ٣ȻӶ覵ѩ
ûйϵһĸͬĽãСŮ˭õİš
ҪĻشī贽һ԰׵Ц⣬ĦʯϵĿ֣ڱˮʪοһƬɫˮۣôҲǵ㣬Ҳǵﳤʲôģ㣬ĸףȻ̣Ǵӱŵġ
м俪ʼҾī裬հī
м俪ʼīٳĸۡƾȥĸףҲֻʣһƬհס
ĺۡȻԡСŮۣѧϰ֣ҪѰࡣʷʱܹͣʶģ᲻ǵԼĸס
ĺɫīȻһɣĨȥļ䡣
īܵԸ²֡ĺ䲢졣
ī迴ڵзʪĹ󣬡а취һ𣿡
ʵǣ̫ܻĸ׵¶ˡ
ĺ䲢û̸ش𣬡⻹迴īܵʲôĨȥļ䡣˵ţȴȻ΢ȥֻǡ
ֻЩֵĻ䣬ȻҲ󲻿ıѣɱ¾ǳҹղϨĴ
޷ģ֪ī赭ڣĮȻĨȥҵļ䣬ȻΪ
ԼһֱЯǼöõͭǮֹ۲ǼöͭǮСʱҾ͵͵Ϊҵĸĸԣ۳ԶٴΣԡȭͭǮӲǶƤ⣬¶ңΪ˴֮ԡϻΥá޿աҵعԣ֮
ֻԴˣȴ֪顣ʱΪѣӦпԣȲѡī费ҺҲףٶڣҲϴȥŮӵ
ˣĺ䣬ǰʱûڣû̹ףֻЩµνٹĳޡЦĸ׵һ㶼£ǰĳǼǵһˣĶеȴҲǡôӹҵı
ĺĬãհīϾͬհīĸ֮ѪȻվö˹һżΪվҲֻὫԼȫīܶ˵ֻǸһеĳˡ
հīҲī裬īһѪǻѡī裬ΪվȫȻҲŮ
Ĳ²ȷġĺ䲻Ƕιȥī뽫Ͼĸ𣬶СԸСڻʱĴڣκα㸸׷֣Ҫīټ̳м˾֮λãСԸãīʼӰɱռңȻҲ
Եȼ佲ЩѪ۰߲ĹȥԸīСľУīмģжأĺ䲢δͲȤֻһľżī޾ˣף˵鰮𸴳𣬲ϸ֦ĩڵ顣
ֻīͳЦ⣬Ťüʣǹ𣿡
ܽܣԼĸʹԼ汲ıѣңսҰʬǶ£īҲֻѰ彣飬ҵѪȴԿȥԼӣȴ˵Ϊīϵĸ
մīֿѣΪī߾иȴôұѪ۰߲ĳˣ
ǽӹīܵΣѪеĿ߶Եò԰ֿЦ
·Զ޷ͷʴֻʣһƤҹ£ȴѸܲǡ
ȵīˣ͵͵ʱֻǽӲݵķ档뾡취Ѱصһٵľɴӣǿƴĸ׵ĹȥңûյĵѰ˻˯㣬ûϢҲЩɴ˵Ȼĸ͸ľżЩĹż̫ɬҺѿҲѰ޸ķֻзʱĸľѪֻķҵѪĻࡣܶ궼ûκηӦѹˡ
һа취һ㡣
īĹǰһһظ̵ּڵˮѩοһƬƬա
ĸʬ޷ѰǵĹڣǿڣ
ĺֻͽ͵Ϊɡעī赥ıӰʹڿС
ȻǰЩģοһƬˮ󡪡ǿ𣿿ֻһľż᣿
ԭֻˮ
ڼĻ㱼䣬һۣҲǰˮԱһˮиǸӶѩŮӻ֣ʱǧʧɫ
Լ˵
ĺ䡣
л˵
¶ңΪԡˮݣĿɳĴ֮ԡʮһʼī買ԣԼĸܶΣ۶ٴζһԣӺ֮ǰʵѾµ˽
ˣκȷʵУǿһдˣûйͣ٣һǳɡ
ԭһصи߳оҪϸһ£д֮־óӿ֣ʵ֮ʱҲ㲻ѣδ⻭㣬ҾͲ޸ġ
ĶеȴҲǡôӹҵıȫĺϲһ仰ժһµҪϧ̫ˡ
֪Լĸãȴ˵ߣ̫ĳннԶһпУֱ˭յ㡣


59ѩ
ͷ­ʶѩͥ⡣
ɽ
ľϪˮϴȥɳ¶˷ҫɫ
ҫ۵ɫǰ壬ǸƽĶᱻȺκƤʹһȻҲû˸ٶ˼ʳ£ƽʵĶŻƽҲ벻ɽеĽ󣬻ܹʳֻһһտͷķͶ
ôûбκȥЩ½½ߵ׳꣬ûһ
ˣžͺá
οԼϾκƺæ˳󣬶ۿɼؼࡣ
һҪ뿪أ
һϴŽȴȻ㽦Ϫˮաʶֻ̧סԼͷΪЩ۵κңڸɻˣ
Ԥ֮бײû䵽ϣŮڰϣ϶µظչοһƬǳĹΣ㽦ˮڰҫ۹â
κĶʡ
忴ͷŮӺʽͳһʿв죬²һҲ³ľӣָɽнλã棡ЩٶĽ
ҶȻתͷʿǰŵˣɽͷΧסһҲԷߡʣˣҳ棡
˻ˮȥԣ
Ҷһ·ɱɽɽе󣬽ɽеƸӣʶֻѡ˾Լڣ˶ΧΧ³ӵκһɲ̫ʵɽеıҲԤϣɼȪӳκȷɽͨ籨ţѾвκ롣
ɽбضǿõı¨£вٳɫʵĿʯⶪڵ档ɢһЩκ򣬽תҶɽն¡
ٷ²ĿһĻ㵽˽*Сĵ͵
ҶɨһЩˡԡ̫ˡ
ЩӦԶûκӼ°ߵࡣ
شǰֱƿ֮ϮֱϮҶܵһὣ񵲣һֱţ񵲣֧Ҫᴩ
ѩͥӲؽ֧룬ŵһ
һ£ʸϮķңңһһ˶ӡ
վɽͷִʸͷɢޱӥ׺ɫ޵觱ʯƤ£̤ѥȻ˵Ĵ硣˪üĿԵòɣͫȴ׸ӥĿϬֱҶǴһ̣űס
ĿӥȴԪڼǰ˾ԡ
Ҳĸߴһװκʿɼγľ
ûϳ˵ݣҲܿκͳ졣
ɽѾΧĪ̶֮¡Ҷü
ɹüȤشҶ˵ĥĥڳȴûʱȪȪʿԼǸŮˣʿɫֻʣ֧֧Ů˵ֻȴɫֵеĽˮ⣬ͬ۵ʺնϲݽһɡ
Ȥ˵ѾܾûˡʷصǸˡ
ȻСŮˣϾ֪ôκͷʹŮפء
Ҷ٣ǰЩҶһͷۡ
صϢԼδˣҶŮɼȤҪ֪ҶŮǲһ鷳
¸Ѿɣɽֻʱ⣬ûҪ뿪ʱִѡ¡
ڵȵ˴Ҷ°нѩڿĵһۣɹ¾ʷءѩ
оԼѪΪ˷ܶڣе֪ŮҶٱмֲࡪɱ汲ôԼٵԼҲͿԳΪκհӢۡ
̶ɹ¹ЦֻĲδ˭ﻹһء
ܲʶˣò䣬ҶҲµݡκ󽫣ʮʱȡɱͷ­ɲɹ¡
Ҷ֪ͣһս⣬޷ܿͻ֪ˡ
ֻɹһ֣ľµĵƸ£ҪͻΧ
׼ֶܱܳǹ赲ЩȻ壬Ȼӭ赲Ķܱ
ǿ׳ĴֳȻһĽǶȸ˶ܱͷ­
ȵѪҶգȻ֪κѸͣǳԤϡ
ֻƬ̵ʧӭһײѩͥ⽣УĵӳɹЦЦݣڿʲô
ȤζشҶѩͥ⣬ȻҲϳصĸҺúüʶһɡ˫ӥۿɫϾѽ棬ҲΰʱѪ
ҶЦɹµ̬ȵȤʱڱκˣҲʱΪѩаǣκҶսıҲƺԼĸףһĴƵĴĳͻ𽥱þ޲ٷ
ҶٵĸʱĽݻҵĹֻĽݻҸڱκذһ֧޹ϵҶٴδԹԼķ֮һʱѪȻϡòۼơɹڴ˿Ҷٵ޷Ϊ䣬ʵ񶾡
һתת˲ͻصҶУɹ£ͷ­ʶѩͥɡ
ֻܿ°¹кжֻΪȡɹ׾ڷսгĽд̼Ѫıܣ˷ܵسֵ
ϣڶԽսԽ£ߵĿɽоǽµĺۼ·ѿδѪδǡ
ɹֵأÿһ¶ʮʮȣòϸļɲܽµС
ԶʿĽսУΪ빭ĳӲؽܱ˺һڡ
ۼһڣǸǷһ͹ȱڣҪȱڷŴ
ʿˡƳսɹ¿ڣƣ̰㵹Ǹ⣬ǡ
壬ռݸůԭ
Ҷļ޶ԣһбֱɹµֱۣǵʵָ𣿡
ɹ¸뷴Ƕսı󱳸ܵһɺ⣬̲˰ΣŶһ֧ʸͻĶҲĲȣ̽ʸԴҶ̾ٽؿڴȥ
Ǵϵİ̺۶ʱֱиӿѪǧһ̣֮ǿֽ°УӲסѩͥĽвĽиû롣
Ѫעű佣й䣬Ҷûаãټȥ϶ᾭ߷ϡ
ڽûг̫ãڷһĻʱǰӪȣƥս
Ծһ̣ɹ¾Ȼ¶һЦݣǰ˿ںѪ˫ֵĳԵøӹ죬ˣССľϲǵȥҪһˡ
ƥۣǰ˺ѳȱھȥ
ײգжһӽ׵ۣӿֵ˳
ڿǵĵʱǰЩκ̲ս׷ս
ͷ˸Ҷͣ׼񣬾ͿҶһϮ䦿ƬƬ죬ѷֲ˭ѪڴѪŽй䡣
İףĿĺ졣ѩɫѪɫ
ˡ
ҶȴԼƣָɹķȥ׷ǱκĴɹ£
л˵
ǰ̫æûи£ǳǸû˯þˣ¡
ϹߵģϾʱѾʧˡ
һתֺܾûˣΥдϷˡƪиϷֶ𡿡Ļдֶ𣿡
һġ𣿡
⻰ʵ˾ĸдרŵķģ޷رܵǻһκīܵbgߣҲģģҲоҪȻдbgӦˣǽùǣĺдùվīֻһʧܵıµĸ顣
ǰɣȻű
Ĳκδ׵ġ


60
ʬɽ޳
౱˪ѩƺ˷Į
ףǹѩƾ
ȷѾһ֧ǰȥ׷Ҷŷ˸Լҩ
ͷľٶҶһ󣬴ǲһĨЦݣһҲʮδ˰ɡ
ǰ˵ü۱ʮǰȻû̫仯ҶûѶٹϳ˶Էʴô
ĸ׵ĲŮģʴӹһԾҽеıҶϸϸã˵صľһֱ
λԼĸ׵ĸҶһ£ǿҳɽҲĸ׵Ԥ֮ˡ
·ͼ򲢷սҪأȪŦǰչȪȪҲûκų֮󣬾ʣɽȪԵΣʶųҴһ֧ǰ֧Ԯⷢʲô⡣ʴɨһսκѾɹͻΧʣһ·²ǲආκѾǰ˲١
šҶ˼ɹµ̬ãڴ˵ֻΪһԼеĻƽѾˡ
ǸĶͽ
ʴҲȻĽ󣬡û뵽ôɽоȻн󡣡
ʵ˽Ľ󡣽֮£⴫
ҶֻȽͣʴҲֲ֣Ȼ
ʱҶҲ⣬תѯԼĸ׵Ľô
ºܹĿ
أһ㡣
ʴעҶɽԶ£ȥ
յķȷգлŻ֮ȥѪζҶõضŵ棬ʴĶֻסԼĿ֪γˣ˫۾ضԼԷҲעĿ
ҡҶ⶯ȥ
ʴҶ飬밲οЩʲôҲֻĺ󱳣⿤պлᣬġ
ʱɳ׷ɹµ֧һ·׷κɹߵЩƴֻնɱ໤ȴϧɹһ·ͻΧȥ
ҲҶԤ֮У֪ɹıκҲڴˡ
ʴõشҶҪԼкͯģŮʮı仯УôҪֱˣ
ƺѾĸһҫ۵ŮӣֻǱĸ׸̣
պлټ
Ǿͣпԡ

ʴֱ󣬽ڵҲϡ²κ˵Լ˴ξΪɽĽ󣬵Ҷȴھµƽ񴦷֮
Щƽһκη壬Ƕ˵˱κȥ˽ҲûЩ˻
Ҷɹ֮ǰ˵ڽΪԼµġϲ
ʹذɹ˵һ˿
ɭĿӣҶ·;۵ĿȵС
һ˵Ŀӷ䣬ĽŲصڰ׵Уˮ׹ĻֹĿɲ
һ·еѰһ޴ɽţƫƫصɽһһͨķ϶רΪµġ
ʯš
ǿҵĲǻҵطӿϣҶоԼҼٵţڿǰһĻʱɵ÷ɽڸŻ
ǰǱɭȻزԲ԰׹ǣͬݽڵ棬ʬϰѪҲޣ֪ʲôֶνƤ⾡롣ֻЩʬѳһ˸ߵСɽĴѻλɢ䡣һܿ˫Ŀնͷ­ȻϿ޹񷶥
ʬɽ޳
ɭȻҰ׵İ׹Ǵӵģɽһ޴Ĺ󷨣ųѪɫĿʯдɹϵķģЩ΢Ĺâ˸ŹܵĹâ
ʣǿҵĶĸУȴΪ֮
ָоһȪ䱻սɵĿʯȴҪǿ
һ߽󷨣ϵѪıһգͬһųâ
󷨲ͬһŰԣҶҲŵ
ֻܳԵػӳһ⣬ȻϣһҲû¡
ѵκɽʵĿģֻǵĻӣ
֪κضҲֻܲ²йء
֪Ѫ֮£Щƽѵ󷨵ļƷ
Ⱥ
ɹ»һģ˵ŸԼˡϲԭǵġ𣿣
Ҷǽڶס
˼ܸ²šȻ֪κ˵ڴЩʲôע⣬ɱȻǶ֮¡ҲֵЧҵĶ
ӿڴϰһСĿʯС
£ȥī裬֪ʯ󷨵á
߳ɽҶŷԭɽǰһССĻأŻ£ɽҲ֮ϣûӰ֮У㱿ȥɽںһ
ǵõȫƶΪڸ


ϲʽţֻǼҳѰƷ
īѵö̵سзˣһĺΪеĲѾƽյʳҲûƴǡ
ĺ䱾һľżҪʳյͶīࡣīĸܣģشп̽ҡһ硣
ǲСǰʳĺīĲ֪ʲôЦſڡ
ī̧ͷƽʱʲô
ԵĲԵĶ࣬ȻǰƫĶƽʱ϶չСĿζһЩĺŹЦҲԾ۽ӡ
īһĬƷϷˡ
ϲԭѾһģĸ
Ӵ϶ã
ٴϼա˼Ƭ̣ī迪ڡ
ǻѳڳʱӣҲܳī١γ볤ͣ˼䣬ֻ»ȥ
һؼһ£һҪһЩʱо
īͣͣԾսꡣ
ֻǻᵣǣԼ׻ʣ¶ʱȥȴ
Ҳֻ޷ġֻīٻҲܳ룬պʱ䶼
ĺöīֻݣ԰׵Щ֣µ۽ڸסƣ룬Կ͸
īܻǰ·
һ̾ϢվվȻϣϵ·;վǰīܿҪ븴ô
ָⲻԾزں£ģĸĸʧ߿ƹʵƤңֻбʴøòںˡ
Ψһˡڣɫ嵭ڸɤĲīѾˣ˸øۡ
ٰһΰɣĺ䡣֪īٳǴ۸󷨣մȥƻۣҪҵµ󷨼¼
л˵
дˡ¡


61
ҪǱӦġ

ϡҹۡѾԴȻŵڴÿյĹ󣬻ڳһЩʱҹҶôϰߡ
ɰıѧǽ棬ݰΩʿΩ־ҵΩڣΩ˹ϣ衣
С顷һ룬Ҷҳ׼ռ׼ȥϨߡ
ǽͶӰҲҡβ
ʱҲԼҹǰ̸´ƣǺε־ȤͶϬڹµҹӰҶɵһ̾ɼˮ޳Ա뺣Ҳ
ڴʱҶĸO@Ӱҡı̾ƿ飬ʲôˣ
߳ӰĿӯӯкᣬͣ͡
ҶַأڿҶüʱۿ䣬ʱɤ
Ѿʮδĸ׼ȷϳԼŮ
Ҷü۱ʱƣˮʱܻüۺĸס
Ҷ֪ҶʱӦɽǱ׼ʦسʴʱԼҶ˵ԼڲصҲ֪ɽԶ˫۾ųֳκ˼ĳ嶯Ϊ˵ϵ˵ǡ
ôлæҶӭ뷿䣬Ҷѯʡ
Ҷŷ޷ңҲմ˻ҳˮ󣬺Ǿһ糾͡
ҶҶǰԵЩнפɽ̣ʱ䣬ӱޣպùϵٸϻȥǣһЦֻ㲻̫á
Ҷ˵ЩʲôǷۣǷᱻ˷֡Ҷ˫ڵ¸ڼؿԼʱҶ£޷ܼһ棬ѵáټ㣬Ѿܸˡ
ĸʮδʱ̧ܿҶ۽ϸϸƣޱҲһƲ˿İ׷Ƕ걻ĥ԰ףָ
ʱһ㣬ĸϥϣҶҺ㡣
ʵѾ˼Ҫ磬Ϊͼ»
ֻǣԼĸطꡣ
Ҷϸϸ޷Ҳǡ۵ؿҶϻŵıʴ˵ɹˡ
ҵĶ֡ҶԸҶģôκ˵Ķ
ҶȻƲصľվ˱͸Ƭ̺ҶԼĿܶ˶룬ΪκҪȡ󣬵֮ڣκô֪Ա֪Ļʵ۵˽󡣶С򣬱Ҳֲɹݵ˳֣ʴרڽƺΪ˼㡣Ҷ΢ۣ¶򱱾ǲǴպ󻹻ټĻ᣿
ĸ׵ķҶҲֱӣ˼ǣڼ飿
Ҷɫƽų˵Ƕڱأûڻʶͬ룬޴Ӳ𡣡
ɹңΪƶպ룬ɹܼĻᣬҲֻսϡ
κ˻һҲ֣Ҫ׼
Ҷ˵ҶӦһԼڽеľ쾡Ҷ
ҶĽҶüͷȴٳٸ𰸡
Ҳûͷ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ˵ʯδһ¡κͼıԶ
ﲻΪʲô£ûϱ
ҶֻǰظգȻĵ֧㡣
Ҷһ󣬻ǾҶʵ飬īٳǵļ˾һʽסһصأҡʱգԾײʵҪһ»λ
üžֻе
ҶδҶƽ飬죬ҲǲԾ
ǲԾҶҡͷ˵Ծĵڣ֪īʼгԹû뵽ʱ꣬ǻûз¡ǲӦʽףи鷳
Ҷ˵ҶžЩ£뵱ҪǲӦī裬ӣὫԼڡ
˵΢ŮҶ̵ĸоⰲġ
ﲻ̫Ҫʲô͸Լȥ׷𡣡Ҷɫᣬһ红ͯʱǣ߹ͷβʱ
ҶԴǣҶ۽ǵЦ⣬ʣҪأ
Ҷڴ˿̣Ůҫ罾
ǾӦġ
õ֮˵Ŀ϶Ҷãοī٣
ϱī主ͨ˴Ҳȱݡز׽ϣƣ赲Ҷ˵Լļ⣬ֻмؼŻƩݣһҪСŻƣԹˡ
Ҷ˵Щʲôȴ⽥ϼ͸΢
콵
Ҷ⣬ļ磬ȥɣûȥˡ
ҶվȴǣҶţ¶ᡣҶֻϸã㻹ԼҪһҲ
ֻۿɬһει֣ŵһīٻġ
ȻҲһꡣ
ĿҶһͷ뿪Ҷڱ־ס˴ƵĿ
ú̯֣־̲ĿʺѪ
գܸܵǵĺ⡣ӻѾлˣû볾лҴң˻価ֻиʢʻ
껨ʤȥ죬ϧ껨á֪˭ͬ

ӵĻҶļ֪࣬Ϊ㡣
һƣ棬ֱǵɷ䣬һ繻Ⱥ󻺻Ʈ档
ۼīЩһȤĺܵɽմֲµģ겻㡣
ϲһ𣿡
һǳǳױϣѡմһ£ѩòһʧɫν·Сĺָ֦ɣմ˵ľ飬ʩչϺý顣Щȡĵġ
ī֣ѩָתҵ壬Ҳȡɽеһľ
ĺ͸ļīаԲ죬ĺ䵥ò˲޲졣
ɶ칤̾
Ҳʰȡմڶоеһǽеĸְˡ
һ׷ףī£մ˻Ӻ󣬶Щô
ȫЩоںȷһӡ
ӣ
ۣЩ˵մĴţīǣס˴ǵĻȡ
˭ǷӣΨմ麲ܡ
һӣٹʱ伱ˣڷ粨бӻټ귱ʢġ
л˵
ɰıѧǽ棬ݰΩʿΩ־ҵΩڣΩ˹ϣ衣ܹ١
껨ʤȥ죬ϧ껨ã֪˭ͬŷޡɳѾף硷
һǳǳױϣѡԪ𡡶һ
ǺĿ
ڿдط˰ɡӦá
ôдʮ˻ûʲôչĸ


62ͬѨ
Ƿӣֻǳˡ
īԣĺ֪վ͸
ѣܶʱֻһĺī贩֣ɽȥ
˵뷨Ҫīɫй̫̫עһ·;˵Ŀֻ谭۵΢
һҪ˵ĻҲִŵȥһ˶òܵ飬㲻ӣ
ī貢δ̸ʲô
ĺᣬŷܽҡ壬죬ҽ׹֮¡
ԣīüֻȷȥͷ仨ǲǷҲ֪ȷ㹻񡣡
ȥ¾޼ֵǵɫ⣬մ麻һݣݺʦµУصĹ˼룬ں˿ӽڷ롣ϧУȷܹ
ֻһ£ѪУأ֮ΪΪ֪
ȥ㹻Ҳ㹻쿪ϧݼأûгɹ븴˭
ܿͻ֪ˡĺ亱˸ӡ
˲ɽȥͨģһꡣīܣԸв죬֮ǰոʱɽҲػ̽δк쳣
ûֹȻģմԲµֱʣѰǿ͸ġĺǵŶԽȥһïʱ䣬ָ⻮һ⣬ʢҡóһ̳ͨǰ
ǰߣӳһӵһ̶ˮ̣׹仨
ī賢Ŵһ³ˮ庮ǣԼĵӰҲ֮ǳ
ĺʾˮȥ
ī죬ˮ
ֻǻ󡣡˵꣬ĺǣ֣һųˮȥ
ڴˮ˲ֻе˳Ǳȴûнʪ*һһˮֱˮûͷҲûϢ֮У˳صɽĶڡ
ǡָⴥɽʯһʱҲȷǷĻþ
մ麵ĹĺƬ˵ǣ˵ĹҲʣʱûռأ˴˴
˵ţָʩɽĻء
Щ䡣
ֹһЩıǽǵĺī赱ĺĺá̤ɽʱϵıǺı档
ɽеıҾδƿشʱɽһſ˶ҹɽı
ɫɫ˿ʽ
۵ĺŵ֯־һĻ
ĺҲǵһ̤˵أڿɽıʱҲ𾪵ýŲͣͣþò
ԧϷˮĽŮӴӵԣһ۽ɰ룬ü۷绪ޣΣ
ŷµŮü续ʹҲ¶ʣϲԴûκ覴ã·̿У˲˫Ũ۽²һ˫ͫ
ֻһۣС
ڴӵԵˣȻȥˣ·ֻһȻǳߺԻ
īҲѵñʧأ𾪣֪𺳻Ǿݴ˿̵飬մ롱
ҡĺһԽɻ󣬡㲻صģⲢˣҲȥǵʬ壬һֱںɽıС
ī貢ǾǰѾϢʬ壬Ǿմ麾ȻķʽµĶ˵壬겻ܣˣֽŵĹ֮С
Ϊʲôľվջ˴ͷ
īȻҲϺֽϡ٣ٽӴȻʱԽܡĺվȻõĸɫо𾪺ҲԴ˼ֲ֡
ǰ˵մ˺󣬶оҽ׹֮¡ĺĿ۽һɰŮϣҪģȻңȻҪʬԸ
ϧʹҲʧˡī费ѵ¶ɫ
֮£̸סԿɸֺ˶
ȻʹǴҲҪٻɢĻǹڱ򵥡ĺָ籣ȻҲǸմϵоҡʹѾ˵زʹմ麣Ҳ޷ҵĻǡ
īһ۱ӵˣī統أīٳµĴ۶󷨣֪ǴӺδĸˣŵֻѾӵմо󷨡մīиоٻ˲ۡۺδ񲣬Ҷ˾֮µģǷӡ
ֻǷӣֻǡһֻ̾ǳ˰ˡ
գŻͼת
īĺҵ䣬дŸɫ鼮ȥմױ
ΪƱҵԭ򣬱еƷøá䣬ⷢذڷŵһѹ١
ǰһһͩľ˿٣ڶյϲʶظҡ£ľ̽ᣬ̳ɷ˵״һϡ١
ϧ뵯࣬ܵΪڼз棬Ȼɬʺϵࡣ
Ҳ֪մ麵İ٣ܹͬȻ塣Ҳֻǰظңͩľ°ڷźá
ڴ˿̣ĺóһݸī裬Ӧմ麵µļ¼˵īٳ󷨵һЩ㡣
īӹҴҷϸ¼ķ־䣬Щ¼ʻɬҪȥϸо
ַĵһҳ
ҳϵּʷǲ繡
˼ѸѩǰΪǡ
ǲּȴѪ
δʮһإšдΪɫδã
ʮһٴΣ˼ҲֻƬ´档
ʮһʮѩѩգؽ԰סԻ˭ͬ꺮
³ߡ置ȥãǡ統ֲ꣬һŮ洴¡̼ڴģ˵ͬģͬͬѨ
÷Ī÷

߽ҡ
ө裬ݱ»ѤãɫĻҡ䡣ҹ紵īɻصǰө˸Ϥӵĺһ˫һֻĸԸسСĿһ粻ƵϵϣȴܿٵŶָƯĻߡөһ˫ǳһУٿһƬǹ⡣
ңָҡ
ҽֵݸָģŹϵķģָĦ΢΢ָɢ֦лչ󿪳һذ꼻
л˵
дΪɫδã̼˼Զˡ
ȫŮͬ
Բĺϲմ麡ϲΪдһ顣


63ؾ
Ѿʮ꣬ȱһʱ
Աϰʦصī٣ҲůϹˮ磬Ӻ͸ʢڱ̲
ҶȻʶ𱱵صĺѾϰ˽ˮů
˴ΰʦسҲö෽עϾ߻೸ĹϵУڳƺĵߡ
ʱϵɫʹؿ䡣ղûɽֻ֣ʹһѹ֮޻Ҷ¡
˿Ҷڴʵԩ֣κɽԸʱֻ浣鷳¡Ϊʼҽ鷳Ҳֻ˲ʹĽʹͣȴʵȨַ⡣ͷҪѾʮӡ
Ҷ֪ҪʲôصҪӢۣҲҪҪҫֻۣҪؼܻñı߾κϮɡ
Ҫô°ֵӹţҲֵʱݣѾʮ꣬ȱһʱ
Ͼʶ̯ӣפ˷أֲԸ뿪ǣ˿ãֻҶ⡣
˶Ǽʹ֮ᵽ̺Ļᡣصīٺ󣬵Ǳƽն˲ٵοʹĿˣǻʺǱﰵ˲ˣ˲
֪ɻ䳼ӽᵳҶԾƾЩݷãѳԼ˴γЩˣҪ
ЩӵףӦصīʱֻһˡ
Ƿ¥ǱߴϢ˵˾δ
سϢīӦյ˵ģȴ֪Ϊβ֡ˣֻīݷá
ϵĸۡͥ䣬ͬЩǰƣҲԳ䡣
ҼС㲡ˣڲͣذɡŮ˸һ¹顣
ī£Ҷš˵īһ굽ͷڳƲ屾ͲãƲʱֻΪӦꡣ
κѯʣŮǸβ޶ԵģǸСԸˣˣʲô˶
ҶŸۡǰ˿ҪƳֶδüڣѾſڣСԸˣʱ䶼ͣذɡ
Ҷʶãīµİδ˵һ£ǿī費ͣѾ̬ȡ
ˣ䲻֪īյʲô±Ųֻ뿪

͡ƿʱԼϰڴߣɫȹһޱƣľҡҷ·ɽˮ컼䣬ֻǰڰ׽ĺľ̡
͡վſڳãҶ˿ûдзĵĴ㣬ڿĳţϰ壬Ĳ裬Ҫһ
ִӵ޳ָٳÿĻߣҶ۽ŲЩ΢Ƴڼ壿Ҫû⣬Щ׽ˣ
ֻҶһȻȻֻǳֲ߷ֻɣʣǲΪǰ̣˾˽ղ
һĲ𣿡Ҷһӣֺⲽߵòף˼ֲײĽ꣬˾ˣ͡
͡⣬Ҷϸ΢ĽǣЦЦһ˼ı飬ͣǹֲûʺתīܡ
ҶԶ׼²Ϊ⣬ִһӣܸϻ̫ûָ㣬һλس̫Ӽ鶼òã̫ӵ˼Ȼеġ
ȻʵҶϣi̫ӣiD޶࣬ȻǸ׵Ķֻ֡ҶգҲֽ֮ܲ¡ο˭УƫƫDһ
̫ô˵Ҳīı磬ȻīӦϹ۵̬ȣҲȥ֧ԼԵλ
͡ЦϣҲ˵ʺﲡͶҽòҲʳļ˾æ˾ײŮô
ָݵͣͣҶڽӷŻľӣüͷ𣬡˵ʲôŮ
ޣȻ֪£͡ƽ·ո˵Ĳʲôš
ǰμ˾īܵķ˱ǵʺóⲻī˾֪֮£ңīܼвδҡ
ǵǸֻڶʱӣźīһģ̳ɫȴī軹Ҫ䵭ҲǸȥǧ֮˼лмҡ
ӣֻ𣿡ʣζ
˻⣿Ҷരڹһ˲䰵ɫ
Ҷһɫ͡ҲԾػΧѹ⻰˼ȻöֻǼ˾˽£Ҫ
ȻƲϾΪο˻ī裬ֱǣ㣬¹شĬĬΪԼĺҺ˽ڡ
Ǳʲôһ㣬Ҷһ̧̧ʾ͡Լλáֻˣ˵е֪
׿ϵĵ͡Ϸţ˵ܣʵҲȫ㡣ʮǰīδ֪Ҳ
ҶδӦһ˫ǳɫȻֱֱϣȫעģ
͡ɤӣͷ˵𣬡ЩԺޱȣö˼г˫歡ǵʺСóּ˾жˣһڽǵһīͩȰŮĪУǧղúã˫ŮмľͩܡīٳڴĸҥֽҲԿһõޡֻǽʺλı޸˾ñϲˣ
͡һӣʮǰμ˾λʱʵٴī٣ʱӳȥֻܶؿշŻǿд͵ģֻ˵īܻ⡣
ӳǣǷīܵˣȻѾô˵ˣҲѲⷽ롣
֪̹Ȼش𡣡һжֻǲ²⡣
īͻȻīٳǵģīֵܴʱȻ͡ȻǸʱûīٳǣȻҲ֪¡Щûд˳еϢҲûī檵ϢӾǴΪ˾ļߡ
˴Ҷۣǳڽ֧ãʾ͡˵ȥ
ļߣȻǻ˷顣һӹɣȷʵӵռ츳ûīϵѪͳϮ˼˾һְۺӵĸ˭ĵȷȷīܵŮ
ȻҲ֪ˣīһ˾ȥĽ֣ĻΪҲ˵֪͡ѵ¶ɫŬŬ죬ǰ֮λʱīϵҲЩػ˲ˡΣڵĽֻǣī˾֮λīҲΪӹɡ
л˵
Ժڱ͵͵۱˰ԣī֪ĻۺøжȵŶ
һ֣ھ


64
շطꡣ
֡˴£ҾȻδۣ
һ£ԼѾīٳǴʮ꣬Ȼûôī
īȻЩֶζס˵ģ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡָ촽ҳ͢ҲϾֻҪīϵĺ˳μ˾֮λѾ㹻ˣҲǰЩ̸ʣЩңļûH£˵Ȼμ˾˽ְ¼˾λáûôֻǷ̸ʣ׽һʱ˹ġ
ҲǣīϲܰóȥҲѴµҳ󣬴ʣֻ´¡
ʺ֪˾ԼѪԵЦĹϵȥѰ˾İһʱҶЦãпȨ֮ͣ˸߸ϣҲΪ֮ϥ
ʳУ̰ķӡ
̯֣͡ʾԼѾ֪ȫ̹˵ڱ˽ΪΪ飬Ȼ˾ҲԼϰѣĵ׻ǶǸӲ¶䵭ŮĴ漸η塣
ŮȾ˳İ£ǶºȤ䵭һһȴžʵǺѺ͡˽ӡһʴϹ
Ҷŵ͡Ĺ£Ȼ𾪣ǸиϢ
ѵû˺ī
²ȻеģҲֻǲ²⡣
īкֵܶôĦϸڡĸֻһͨŮӣôȻҲԸ⣬īܵݣΪҲǲԡŮ㹻ԺգΪβֱӭȢǱӭȢ˳ѵŮӵݣΪ֪
ΪΣīܻҴصī١ѵƶֻܽμ˾֮λ
ʵӳīҴ壬׾ҳ˵ݷŵڣҲȷ㹻ͷۡ
ֻǡһеȷֻ޸޾ݵĲ²ˡꡭǱʮǰӳһҹĴ
һʱߣҶ㷢֮ȻȥһȥӳǴ̽һ
͡ǰգЩʧΪʲôȥڻҴ̽Ϣ𣿡
ĻʶīٳڣҲŵϺŵϢͨٴٹ˵ķԷҲĶС
Ҷ½ĿͶ̣кڰǶݺӡǣ㣬רҵȥȥаš
⻰˵һɺϼ͡Ծش˸£ô̽˵϶ķգīϳϹϵҲûпܡ
㽲µˮƽ»˵оݻɫҪҪٿ¥㰲Ÿ˵λã
ֶóȥ˵ϰ壿

Ľ㡱
ڷ¥˳Уסĵ°ڡ
ôˣǣǵ֣¥˵Ƨ
һֻŮŵǣԼ°ڣۿͨ졣
¥Щ͵͵Ľ㣬˵ĻǴŬԼǰǽûЩ°
Ȼóе־ϸȥ۽ǵᣬҲҲˣ𣿡
ȻСͱȻ֪ĴûЩ˿˵ǰ㲻֪㡣ûЩ¡
ǰ¶һº͵ЦݣЩΪЩڱηʱûȻҲЩΪҵǣ𣿡
ӵ糾ʼϰ˸ɫЩУҲΪЩΪǡ
ȻǷǳģֻȻ壬߸ӦܵЩšκĶ˵ˣҲֻ˳ӵصͷ
˽̸һĻɱ½߳Ҷ͡ԶԶҶãһ۾ͿСۿͮͮģߵ͡СôˣһҪ˵ģ
֪Сﶮ£ӲǶͻԸԵǲʲô۸
͡ҡͷ¥ЩˣܴЩԷ˵Ĺȥ飬ǱСˡ⼸Ĺίġ
ԣҶü˵˼֣ЩϲŵģûҪɫõʱԷǵòʧЩ£ǰбҪæʱڲֻ͡עţúöţ˳ȥһ˭ڴЩԡ
ǣϰġ

ӵƽˮȥЩѪ۰߲֮£ƽͬĺŪݣѧϰԶī粨ܵİģ˲Ծࡣ
ͷʹģǸĺѧϰʱҲǿĿİŴʧܡдеѪڼڵʣڣʧ䡣
ĺ䰲οϾЩ깩ʩչѾϡֽϰ粻統ɡ
ֻīԾǿĸߴഫܾԼӦѧᡣȤЩп쿪ķоУǶЩֲлȤ
ϧƽˮʱվǶԵõУīٳһŸڴءīݵȡŸϵֽҴɨֽеݺ󣬱ɫƽؽֽڵϵȼմ
īǱߵϢһ޽֦ļ́һۣѯʡ
ԼҲ֪ǺʱЩ޼ݵϰߣƺǴǰȻ̹ռҵĴСŴݣ粨ģһ޼ֽһߴ̶зĿʱԱĬĬţ֪Ҳѧˡ
šīӦһ
ľż˼Ҳ׷ݣûȥ
֪īվڴ˴Ҳӳͣ
ձɡ
ҶѾʦسڿκ˵ⳡս֮κɹҲɽγʽ仯ڻע⵽͵̫̫ܸϻ磬̫һʧһλسڳж̫Ӵѹ
ӿȷܳī١
ī۽ĺ䣬ſڣĺ䣬ͬһī𣿡
֮еأľżҡҡͷ޼һ֦˴ƿ֮СˣڴˣҲڴˡǰҴӦСغúɽһ֣ұҵŵֱ
īδüᴹںڰ׷ͫһƬ衣࿴ȥ԰ףݣͬʱһ
ĺ֪īʧ䡣
֣īһ㣬ıһʢ٣
ҪѹīߵռҲҪϣصʱԶеطΪ㳨šӣԶļҡ
Ѱ֮
īϸؽһٻġ
ãշҲټĻᡣ
շ
л˵
һ£һ¾ͻټ


65ط
úƣʱָɢȥ
һȥīûīʱҶīڸϵƶϡ
ϾټīʵҪ̷ֻīһˣƫ徻Ȼڸ¹ۡԵī費ڸʱû˵ĸۡһĳš
ۡ߻ܿػؽȷīѾ
Ȼ֪ȥ˺δҶīſڣŮȻǸ齫⣬ǼС㻹ţذɡ
ϧҶβһףҪҪһ档
ŮɵſڣǸС˵˲͡
ſڵŮֱ֣ӴŮĻøŹͶӰӣ΢ɫԵüѹȸУ˵ˣǺҪ顣ʱǵô
Ůѵľأڴǰ֪Ǻáֱ⣬ڣҪµĻɡ
ҶīʱҲЩ
ʵſڵŮδѣڵīǵȷˡīȥӣ͵ޱȣ·Զѣ·;գ屾;ð棬ǰ˴̼һֱδá
δӸϻأһ·յ粻Щת磬ɹܼ϶յĵ߱˴̼ģīϻīٵĵѪ˹ȥա
һһ죬˽ڻЩҩһֱڴϻ˯
īǰȷ룬гһҶ˵мִҪʱԼҲֻշԸҶ˸С
ΪβŽ룬ҶûпЩ˼ֻӰīߵİӲһɽʯī˵Ŀ׻ȻϼѣĴ㡣
ҶŽīסլԺȥתҲһνϵլۡ
ȫȻͬڱҴլۡʹƣѹֵļžö˾ڻĺɫԺʱֻľҡҷӰζӵԺڳĬӰС
īסԺǰһӳģԺҡҷ٣ĺοɫʣ紵ݱ¡ŵլۡ롣
֣ǵٻڲڴʱ
жҩ߳ԺŵİڿҶĽʱ¶죬С㻹ţڼ˿ˡ
϶ŵҩҶгԾû뵽īĲˡЩײ
ҪҪС㡣һ
¶յؽҩݸһԵСŮߣЩεضҶ˸ӣСҩ˯ˣڻûأҪһˡ
޷ȻѾˣ㲻ؼһʱ
ҶԺУɣɫˣĪҪԺȡ
ڣᵽıҩݿɬϢī跿ĳ赹ԤĲಢ嵭£ֻ洦ɼһӳеɫƿһ֧¿ķɣ
ȥ篴ƣ¿С
ûã袾ֶ°ҩڡ
ɡֽӹеĴյ
û뵽ǰĿҪչ˵£¶ɻ󣬡ЩūͺãһС˵Ļū澻ġ
£ͺáҶЦºͣ㵱δЩҪ˵*
ֲֻܵūȥţʱԸҡ
뿪ҩյ䣬ҩɬϢǰܡɴʱϵī軹ڻ˯ȫȻûвˡ
˯еī̬ƽޱϲģֻǲ԰׵οֲ̬糺졣Ҷڴ£ƻƵ⿴ȥƺͷһʶúƣʱָɢȥ
ĶͷЩ΢̣յòīۺޱ鷢л̵ҩ룬׻š
ײ룬죬ԷΨһ
ֱյҩ֭תīȻûĺۼ΢ϢҶ΢
Ȼʶڵǣĳһ˲ī費ټĻʳб㲻һ֪ԼܵˣҲԼ
˯õīﲻطޱϸܵıīȥޱߺˮʱ˳Էµڡ¶ȣļǱģֻвһ㼡µܸܵĺۼ
ҶڴأȺīĺɫĳټԷֻʣ´ͷһյοĻƹߣͬӺһۡ
ʱ仺ţڴĿҶ˼㱣ӰӰ´»֮ȥԺǻ
ʵЩĵȴͬǶΰյʱֻܱȵȴ׸
ֱڴһУʶס̧ͷʱһ˫ڵ
īԻ˯ʱֻøպʹͷԻʱһжģĹӰǰŮ˵ӰʣȻԼϤŮֻŬԼѹҪ崲˵ݡ
ԷȻܿԼѣһ˫ָԼĶͷϣƬ̺ߣŮ΢һЦ⣬ҲβԽɤûǰˣʲôطô
˫ɫůӳ£ŷ·ܹʵĿ⡣
īȴܿĿܿû̻شֻڴǳһ㵥Ц⣬Ȼǰ˵ȴҲûڴ˾طꡣ
պɤЩɬԷ쳣ض˹һˮԼǰī费ԥƬ̣ǽӹ˱յ
Ҷ֪˵ίʵڰָԼЩҪ£˾һ档
ۼԷеؿڴīҲ֪νġҪ¡ֻǸڣޱ̧һɤ룬Լȥ췣ɡ
ԭ˵Ĵ΢춯Ϣ뿪ˡҶſڣҲΪͬ˵Ҫ㡣
ʲô˿Դʲô˲ԡī軹ǻ±ˮʱ˿̣ȡҲ׾١
ˮҶؽӹеĿձֻδɿĵ¶ůīָ⣬˼ǣ㲻𣿡
ɤڶϣЮϢֱļֻǺܵ㡣
۽Ц⣬ƺ̲żеڼī費ɫرĿ⣬ôǰҲ㰮˵ЩõĿ׻
Ȼ㣬ֻȡҲкܶࡣ
Ȼǰ˵κ˶һţҶȻҲһġҶָķңȻҲ˺㡣
˫ļɫͫ¶֣ɫ³ŵ
ǰĵȴУʶԼ־ʧȥԷں£ڵǣīһҲɢ̱֮С
л˵
һЩط˵˵׻ˡ


66ҹ̸
ѵã˾˾ȻҲв֪ʱ򡣡
īһ˲΢⣬ֻǺܿЩ͹ƽؽԼ󣬰˵˵кҪ°ɣ
Ȼ֪ǽڣһԷĽƱ硣
Ҷû̻ش𣬶Ƿʣǲ֪Ĳôˣ
޷ô˵ǲԾСձˡ
ЩСëС£ֻĲɼɫ糣ؽѾҩ˸ī裬еĿ·ֻڵ塣
īӹҩ봵ȥ߸ĭ°յһ̧ҶζעŻڣǰЩȥЩ˽¡
ۿҶīָ㴽꣬ƣҲԼ˽𣬿
ī˵̬ȻˣҶʶȤ׷ʡ
ϾֻĹͬ壬Լûѯī˽£һܵˡ
Ҷεһ㡪īõ϶Ǿĵƹ÷㣬ʡȴŵĻ㣬ǶֻϵһҪ˵һζŨ
ɼӦȷȥĳİĵط
ī軹Ƕ䣬صǣֻһ˽£Ӱ֮ı
ǵĲǴ¡Ҷ΢īա
ɫ֮ǰֱʱֲ࣬԰׵ļݵĹ·һᱡо겻ɢҩݿɬڸǡ
ٶ뷨ٶδҲҪԼܼźá
ī贽ǲźۼعһǳĻȣڴϷԼϥ䣬īĳٰż䡣лῴġεļŰɣңҲջ񡣡
Ҷɽһ£īɫƽδв죬ɽĽԼ˽⣬Ҳ֡£ǶʶġκǳЩģһüֻǶ֪ɽĽô֪ģ
Ҷ֪˼ܣȴҲȻֻӶ̶̼仰ھͿĹϣ˳ˮʣο
Ȼ߸֪
֪߲֮δҲЩ²ľ٣ҲֻǷ֪顣
īָϥǹǣǵӦڱػ߾ͷ˵ǰǾһͼӳˣǸΪκ˷²ָ·һǵ̽ӾڱӦòרȥ²һ˴·ôڼӦòھˡ
Ѿ쵽ôˣҶпɵﶼһ飬þпô
˼Ƭ̣ʵҡͷҲ֪Ȼ˵ǣҲǻģԪڼ£Ҳûпܡ
Ԫڼ֣ϾһֱһҰĲĲǣҲֻãΪѱĹεĶҶĵǣԪڼΪɱҪ鷳ࡣ
ѵã˾˾ȻҲв֪ʱ򡣡ˣ̲ס٩ī衣
īȴΪ⣬ҲܣҲȻҲ֪ɫز⣬˵㻹ɹ£оΣ
Ҷۣɫѣ֣лءΣҵǵĻߵľЩߵǱκǴСڲԭԣ򶷣ƣ֣ѵʵںκĶ֡
Լĸµƾأͬκ˽֣ʣµκ뻢Ҳûʲô
ҪˡЩƣκ˲ңͻƿء
ʱʱ䡣ĶԶʱ䣬Ѿûжʱˡ
Ҷīãջ˾һ¡
ɫ࣬īҲѯʵʲô£
ַ´ߴ˶ʱڴ齼һƬСռСī豾ЩӦķΧҶɫѡ˳Ĭڵɹ½ʱǰ˵ڽ˾ϲҶɽֽһ󷨡
ʱգٻǴŨصѪζɭɭ׹ǣҶǻǷӿĶĸУҷ˺ܶĺǣûѪ⡣Щκߵʧƽ񣬶ǾɱЩ׹ǡǸ󷨺ΣͬŶݼװ֮ҿŵһִδֿʯ󷨣ɫʵؼӲѪɫ·
īɫҲ࣬׷ʵʲôģ
ĹϣҲ²κصģһȥ֮ٽ㡣ҶóɽصСöʯֹĿʯҴɽһ飬㿴ʶʶá
óöѪ·ĿʯʱСĿռзΧʱɭĺӨӨ˸
üžֻ˵ĺīҶùʯϸ꣬ӲĿʯЩĵ¶ȣָѪ·ӳĲ԰ס
īãſʯ̺Щ΢ҡͷҲ֪ʯʲôӦ󷨵ý飬κصйأôֿʯӦκزԭܲ
Ҳ֪ҶЩʧī趼֪ȷԭûе
κصʵҲһ֡ī˵ĲƶϣʩչһҪѪͳʩߣҪý顣ýõƷǧٹ֣ϡ֮ѪȻҲýһֻ֣ûض˵ѪҺĻҪĻѪΪ
ݵͣ٣һ΢̾ϢЩ޹ɱƽӦþԵʡ
Ҷѵýɫչ¶ϣ󷨣ʲô
ȥһ󷨾ãκҪģʼԭĵƸˣҲܲµ󷨵áīҲЩǵۺ޷ԼҲ©κ˴Ӱ죬ʱȷˣڶΪȻҲʲôö
ϾУЩ޹ԭյ
ʲôī׷һ£ûϱɣ
ȻΪΣ԰˴£̡
²֪֪֪ɡīĦʯǣʯһ취̽
ۼ˴γһ£ʱòҶת͡˵һ£ˣһ£˵Ҳйأӱáī̽Ŀ⣬ҶЦһ£ǰЩӽ빬ͬʵãΪԼӭȢĺɹʵ簮ĺɣȥʼĺɴԸû뵽Ȼǵܾ˽ֱԼѾ
л˵
ǸǸæתпġ
һЦ£عԤǱ飬һнɫ֮ǰɫ˻趨֮󣬼ڿ˺üȻͿʼ벹ȫۡ
ȻѾûвκεĳˡǱ飬
ɼ״̬


67
ǸģǸġ
īջصīûգȷʵû˵¡
ĺɹܾȻù޹⡣簮ŮҲͷϾͣڻû˵£־ܾ˽Ժû˸Ȣˡ
ī豾ûа̫ྫڼĺɹϣҶ˵£ЩȤ⣿
ûֱ˵Ҳ˶֪ˡҶ꣬ǰڻϿˡ
ô̬
߳Զ뾩ǣϢҪЩʱ䡣
ī赹ζع´ǣùһ㲻ʮ壬Ҫؾְġ
ο
οīû뵽ҶĿǻشҪξˡӦûἫٳɴ£˵Ļֿ£⣬Ҳ£ĺɹĻ̫ӵʤСˡΪȻ಻㣬ôһ١ĺɹĸڻһӴ󣬳Ҳмλس
شȷ˼άҶҡͷȫͬǰҲûǹԼ뷨
ī費ΪȻͲϲĺɹȻûʲôֵÿǽȥġȢȢֻȡһݴƣǹĸҵ֧֡
ҶֲŪŴҵӣ׳һ⣬ûһֿܣΪϲĺɹԲŻ᲻Ϊ
īĿϣѵü¶һ飬ǴĻԼĪǻŵġ
ī뷨棬Ҷȴûֻ͸˳׼ȷһˣĿĿ⣬һ˶ŮϣζʲôԶĲ˼
𣿡ǵȻУȴֻҵƣԴ˾ܾĺɰɡ
ϾѰŮӣȻ޷빫ȣīݰҲ㹻ùͷֻۡǾҲҲᱻĺɹôһ
Ҷ꣬ϸŶԷ̹ɫֻݸǲţȵĩ뾩Ҳ֪ˡ
īȻĶʲô뷨̫̫֮վǵճӣ̫һǿ˵һάͳӵųɶҰĲͶߣӵһ涼֧̫Ӷࡣ
ܺһ𣬿ɼҲҰĲ֮ˣʡ͵ĵơˣѵڶŮ鰮ԼĻף
ҿûκܸĶü΢ڵһƬǳӰ
һЦ̴ľζǼ⣬Ҷߣָӹˮң˾ܸĻࣿ
ĵ٩ī費Ϊһ˿ҲޣشõǺܹϣǸģǸġ
仰Ҷãǵǳɼ˾ˡ
ű˵ôˣûԼ𣿡īȻ׳⡣
ԼᵽһЩΣյϢ˻⣿
īɫͫڴ谵ĹУԳɫٹգǿ˰ɡ
ǡҶû뵽ԼΣ
ϾԼû̫ģʱֻһĽڣӦɫ䱾壬⡣
ֵī¶ϾЦ⣬ζעҶɫ仯Ϧѽڣ׼ɣҪ˵ˡ
һûЩƾ˱ǡ£Ҷɫȷۿɼرѿࡣ
ֱ𣬹ī٣ĸߣǸƽƽӣǰҲٻ˶˵׵˼ʱĸƺͶԼ֮²ģ˵ŮҲؼڼӣ֮ʱȥЩ֮¡ʹ븸׸ܺãҲڶŮ鳤ʱܸԼ˵־򱧸ĿȾ֮£ҶҲȻضԽ׼֮²Ȥ
ûϲˣҲԴ˸ȤΪʲôҪһʲôǣ
֪ΪΣҶɫī鵹Ǻ࣬ΪԼѰ˸Ŀˣ¿ɲǿһܹҵġڿҪ£Ȼͻⷽ涯Խ
Ͼγ󣬵ȷвע⵽ҶǱڵļֵ
Ҳ㲻ʲô£Щ˵׵ģѵܱʲô˼ҶѾϵķ꣬ף߰ɡ
Ȼˡīס
Ȼô˵ˣʲô뷨ֱѯʡ
һЩ׵ĹУЩƾˡµҲ˼Ͳˡ˰ָǣƽصҶ
˵ҶҲף鷳ָ飬鷳ǺпԴΪ룬ָԼ޷صء
ʲôתأ
Էֻҡͷ
ȻеģΪҶɥӣȻǲ˵Ϊ
ȡᣬ׵ķӵȻѡһڿƵ˽ףӦ壬Ȼصءī·ϥϣƫͷȵصأ߻ʵԶȻеǰ취Ǹʧ
ҶȴüһߣȻͬī飬ģֺαǿǣߣɱˣ
΢תꡣ
ԣ֪ʲôīֻٿѪɫһЦģԵ޹صġ
Ҫ֪ʹҶĸ£Ҳʵ۴ͻĿǽӦΪҶߣӦŵڣ׶ʥ֮飬ȻԻͳΪء
Ҷ֪ΪΣڴ˿̻شī裬ǺȻ𣬡ҼǵǰЩǼ˾
Ųƺܶ˾һ꣬ԴԼ˼ɡīɫƽ˵ϧҸȥ磬ɥĽѾûˣȻ꣬Ҳ㹻ıˡ
Ҷɴۡôõ
īɫƽȻȫԼ˵ʲô治ۡҲԷ͸׵ĶԹȻҲöС
ǵīǱСһ꣬㣬Ҳൽָ׵ֻ͡£Ϊ̸֮£ֻźǰЩӲī٣
ֵīˣӵ·ϣԼû⣬û뵽ҶȻǵá
ԷлóһСɵľУۣ¶˿ϵꡣɫ͸覣˿ӳųȺɫĹâ
ڴ䣬з·ڹֺɢš
ǱزѪ꣬λرʱæֻüѡ˴Σҵһ⡣
īҶе꣬󻺻̧ӡ
˫͸ɫ󣬷·չɡ
ҪƬĿ֮С
īأչ¶һǳЦݡдѩڣԼš
۾
л˵
īʮҶߣջͦĿơ
Ҷȶľ״̬īȷǷġ


68
ˣҲ㳯Ϧ
һƬذأɽΧеø߿š
ҶϣԼûвڴԷĻشעīɫ仯ԷöԼʱǳЦӵβ
ˣϣʱҲҡ
棬棬ĻмܡīȴҲûзֻҶöģӦһ룬Ӧȥһʲô˱Ҳ㳯Ϧ
ҶֻԼűѵˮߵȻ©һ˲ٿīɫ·ȫȻûʶԼ˵ʲô
룬г˵˾䵭˽̸ֽǲԴǣֻȡûǸ°ˡ
걻ŵīģӲдЩ¶ȣҡ

ȵҶ뿪ī˼»´ҩ֮ľƺ˲٣Ҳûǰͷˡ
óҶöʯϸϸ棬ʵĹڵͫ
ģġ
öʯƺûҶеֲʣֻɫĦţſʯӲʸС
ǰΪΪǰκңκ˶ԵԹ˲Ͼû뵽Ѿֶ쵽˱
ɽܱ֣ɼǵѾֻɽֻһ֧ɽǵ󷨣ӦҲǽеһγԡ
ǡô֪ôࣿкڱָǣ
Ԥ֮ıīЩ꣬Լʱ䣬Ҫ
κѾΪòһ
ī֣еĿʯͱһõľϻУһ졣
ӦҪһţԼںαš
īȻȻʱףλµĲӲ̵ļ䣬ȴҲҶȻĸ׸ƣ˫֮⣬ȷʵһλס
ҶĸҶǱ֮ͨˣʩ㹻ȰȷľֻӦʥ֮ǻ룬ľιƽ£Կ̫ƽ
ϧĩ·ĹǻղҹɫὫԼմ
˻ķɶ꣬ĹǽԼȼյʱ̡
ȥߵı磬ֻǰ£һŰֽֽīڰֽϸϸ
Ҷ͵öʵ͸ɫȺ죬ǱزѪ꣬ϷΪȷʵѡԭʯҪϸ˼һȥɺʽΣŲ˷öƷʡ
ҡҷֽϹԼ˼ʱƿţС㣬ȥ֮󣬲˵³ߵ롣
ī۽Ƴһ۰袷ϵģɷдԼյδֻ̬Ӧһ
ֽϵܽޡջһ룬Ȼʲôһͣ±ʣڵ袣ȥϵһ¡
Ը
ɽīܵķˣŵʱĹ餺ᶼˡǺʼ̨պ㣬ĵعȥīִ֭ʵīŴݣüۼĵȻ·ȫȻ֪Լ˵εȾ׵ĻƣҲһӳȥµĶôܹҿҲ׼͵͵Ҹطˡ
ī¿ƽ˶ǱᣬڴҲʡࡣ
С㣡ԣŵõߣѽ
ڻǣȵӳȥȥϻ֣ǾͲˡīޱؼֽϹ
˵ᶼųˡܲµǰЩʱīڸŭٴ˺μȻʹæӣԼĸء
īܻʱŮĹϵ㲻Ǣʱͬһµİˡ
ҴīùͷҶʡ
£ҲʵûǸȥ
ȥȥҲûԼҵķأʲôī費Ϊ⡣
ؿīһӣԼСȻûаɿڵģ
ڣеţΪ֮ðԼӡȻġۼȰī裬ֻӦץĲ¡
һ¡ī轫ʸûرʼܣ۵ֽŵݸ袣ͼֽϺöϣһȥǼڳ񷻣ǰͼֽá

¥
У̨Ůˮ£ֲңԽɫ̣졣
̨ǱãȲֻǲͬռȵ׷˿̨µУܰ˽ͬӿİֽԵıӿ
̨µ쳣С
ֻǲɫ*ң΢ס˼
ｻƱײԽ졣ЩӹڲеĿĿ£ͬŵ˽ڰ̳
һϣ˲ɬĲֻƺȲʣ
Ͼ̨Щˣġ
յѾϣĻӯӯһݣа˳
¥ʱһСͻȻסĹ޹һ档
ͣסŲ˼һ֣Ǵ۹ӣ
ǡ
֪۴ˣڷ¥ʱһǧǳµĹ͡Ϊ˻ӽΪͨϵѰ˸תʹĲ£ֻǸƷĲ£ƹȻǸ͡
˹ְһ굽ͷȴֻںݴ£ʱ򶼻˾Ǽ֣ҲԴ˶ֻ۱ֻۡ
ĶԳۣҲĶǣֻ˽ǲ͵ģл޹̧޹ӻذɡ
֪Сǲ˴۵Ǯ͸¶Լ٣ԶԶͿ۴˳ԼǴԼʵЦݡ
ĹһᡣǶ˵ñԼЦ
ȴܵؾЩʣʶˣֻӲסֳ嶯Ŵһ񣬡޹ӡ
ƣ֪Ĺɷ͹⣬ͬСһ
ҡͷһ񣬡лֻ̧ǽݳѾ˽ǲ͵ġ
۶ĵľܾƺԾҲûбܾŭˣҲ޷ٹЩʱ¸磬֪ܷ뵽︰磿
ȥ۸ϸ磬Ǹ㲻ʲôˣ֪ܾ㲻ϲߣضӿ˽²ͣȻҲμӸ磬ļ΢ĩȥ׳󣿱Ǹ
ô۴ζЦ⣬︰磬ʵΪЩԹﲻԣЩʵҶȥŻȥϣҲ˳һ
ʲô߰ɣ
ɴ۵ĿѾԽԼԼ¥սǴ̽һССԴȴԼǡ
Щϲŵ˵ǰ֪ʲôĸĺŻ¶ĸĴС
ζע仯һˣô
л˵
޶ԭĴ֪ۡͬĹְΪתʹ䲻ϽĳġˮƽޡְϵοΣ֪ͬΪְвΪλеתʹһְ
ǸǸĶȹһηǳæѹصʱ䡣
Ӳõģֻæȷʵû취֤µƵʣæ϶ġ
ԼҵգҲףԼտ֣
׼дһƪ⣬Լ뿴Ĺһῴûнѡֻǲֵ֧㹣漰Ҫ͸ݡ


69
ʱ˿̣ǲǸøעһЩ
³
³ߣϦѽڡ
ŮΪһƬŮҽɡ
ҶԼ̳룬Уһ˺ѹ˽£ʱҲĸһͬȹԴǣһˣĸߣȻҲûʲô̳´ıҪ
ֻǽ֪ͬγҪԼʶʧȥ乲ıʣΪȨ֮ĺߡ
ʶҲ磬ϵģȷвӦΪĳЩ˷ڽ˹ȣϸ硣
ǰӯӯЦ﹧ף֮ʲڶȺ䣬θŮӱۣһ糺泤ȹܽذٻĳһŹɫǵݡβһ㲻ʧڵǳЦݵͺѡ
ڴʱС˼Ҵҽ˺ѣԺƧȥͿ׷ɻ´ŮޱãһȻ£ڴýҶǸĵȼƽ˼ֳ֮С
īһֱҶ΢΢ף֣
û뵽˾ˡ
Է΢ƫͷȻӦȻҪġ
Ҷ˵ЩʲôĿȴīĶߣֻ޷µ˶׹覣Ϊʢο״Ƕӵ£ǻԲ֮⡣ذ׵մ䣬شڼ
Ȼܿǰ͸ī꣬û뵽ôͱ˶׹
˼ǰԼֱʣ¶ϲ˼ֻīԼơ
͵˳ɫѪ꣬ȻҲӦЩ˼㲻⡣˫ڵ޹ش
ҶֻƳһۣҲ֪ɫͨ覣ǷƷԣǳǳһĨЦĦ׹룬ϦѽڣԲáЦЩҲ˾Ϧ
īû뵽ǵԼ֮ǰ˵ǣֵһʱ޻ֻлҶ졣
ܵðƣҡҶݸǲ֪հ͵ʲôǱȵ֮μ穣Ҳ
īƣھ֪ʧȥ˺ܶڴǵȵʱʱԼȥɡ
Ƨ˺һʱ䣬ڴٵ飬ҶīϯҴȥһڵķûʲôҲ徻
ī貢飬ԼһΪ͵סį
ϲ֣ҶҲԼϱһЩͶѵɧš
߹ڣд͵Ľƹ鿴ˣǰҶǰвٿˡ
Ҷֻ΢Ϊдžͺã߻иҪ¡
Ľƹ黹˵ЩʲôҶȴѾīȥƳһ¶ɫĽƹ飬īڣԼȥͿԣΪҵµ鿤
ҶŲδͣ۵һЦ⣬ЩˣᲢۣ
ͥ仨Ҷչиϸգ˵εҪǽչϿ˲ܣҵ
˭ǣҶЦߣӾڶϣ˾˽ǲǸöһЩ
Է⻰Ҳûǲ֪Ϊô֡Լѵ𣿱ܸԼǽӻΪīĬٴ𻰡
ҶīżʱںȾƵ̧ۣɫΪӵı任һֹһſڣҿû˵һҲ̫Щ
ī˵Ǽֲ֣ޱ˸λ¡
Ҷµ٩棬ǵдˣڰ㻻ϯλҲü
ԷȻܾǣαΪЩС鷳㣬ҽһҲû¡
ҶǺЦţǾί潫һˣǱ߻ЩҪдЩ㡣
޷ȥæ
ȵҶ뿪̧ۣ˫޲ֺڰ׷ۣչ⽫ͫοɫ۵ȴһƬ庮ԤϵԼĿһ㣬עԼ
īҲлֱ˵ڳҲǾֿȵˡ
īͷϾǿܿһ㣬⡣
ΪƣЦŮгɾܱͣȵģ
תıԤϵҪ࣬ǰīԼ˵ҶһʽףڣھͶһȽȽǡ
ǰīҲһǣͳΪĿʵۡ
ԣ־򱨸ԲͬȡĹѫҫҲǼ˳۽գʱһƬᱡ裬жҲǿ̱Ѷ֮ˣպɾͣҲǻ¡
ָžƱ·沢δ̻شʵƽ£Ȥֻʱ˹ϵҲ׺ܽ껪ϣܸһЩ˸־ÿ˶Լ·ҪߣʲôʸҪΪפͣأ
أ淴ʣϵõʲô
֮ģīûлر⣬ֻҪƫĲѡ
͵Եһгòӹ˵䣬ĲѪծѪ

æµһ磬ڲӦҶһǰʱõĺȹŮ븮ڣӯӯһݡ
֣Ըƽϲ֣˳졣
Ҷ¶ϲɫˣġĿĴϣô컹ã˵ģôÿĵ
ȻһЦ֪շæЩʱÿΪҷ޳ֻԴ˵һΪˡ
޷ģ⵽˱á˼Ƭ̣˴ȥѩһûʲôˣֻм˾档
˵ţģڶԷû¶ɫϾ֪ʼЩī衣һ徻⣬Щж֮ͣȴʼƲĳī貢뷨
ˣǾˡס
ҶĿ˴뿪ŷ׼ȥϢƬ̡ڴʱĽƹ鰲ߵ񣬡йá
Ҷ죬ŪϵĿᣬλͣӦĿ˽նӦѾˡ
Էѹ̫ӵ¼ݵ
ȻƽҶѾϯıͣĽƹ֪룬ֵ̫ӵ½΢˽ãԸš˵ˣֻһˣؾŸ͡
Ҷ֪޿ɱܣĶ
ҵѾ´ãδ֪
̾һᣬȥϵĿ˼ǵöдãң˵˺˼Ѿȥˡ
л˵
Ǹʵ̫æˣ΢һûôæָ¡
Ҷ簲
ԼڸµĽɫûż˾ͼΪûʯλˣæ˸¸ôappǩ
ǵͼwbˣֻʯͷ˻λż˾ͼ
ǰԼģˮƽޣԼнɫÿǾԸλΪ׼


70ǣ
֮£޹صġ
Ҷһ·͵ڸڴУƹ͵ãǰ˿ѾصĿݵʹӣϢ̽飬֪ӦװİٵĴ
˶ףʾԽڡ
ҶЦڵ͵ߵԼڵҪ˵ͷܽˡ
Ȼ˵ùŽڡڶڳ̫iڿҶʱʢװ۾һ¶һƵЦݣƽǺþò
Ҷiһ񣬴Էʱڶλ£̫ӵһҵȻԵܵõ¹Īҡ
Ů˾ԴǣܻiӦֻԼĸֻǸʶʱĶ󡣵ǰӦЩ˼ĳһҲֻӲͷƤȥǽ档
ǰһ۴κˣһֱһ޿һڴˣ˽볯й磬һ㣬ҲǺò˽³һˡ
iﰵذʾҶĿأԷȴɫǱòԵЦ⣬ޱڴ͸չ·Өɫ󣬡̫ӵµ⳼յˣʵڲͷݰ١
iڰ֣ǿҲ˷öǱߵЩ͵
ȱٽҲ䱦̫᲻ȤiݷԼҲֻΪһ
ǳлˡ
ò׽⣬iЩؿһƷУ˱⣬һݽ
˵⣬Ҷ״ƺûʲôΪҲҪͶ񣿡
iЩζעϴǰЩʱտκ˽սӢˣרŻ˼ֻǿ뿤ʶֻܽ豾ֽ֮㡣
ҡбյעյвˮҶСΣŻڣɳӣʶܵۡ
ޱ߻ʤҡԽ졣
ԷƱˡiĿڴ˿̶е֮ˣīٳȻȱΪ֮㵹
΢ܿеʵߡˣҶȻҲiĿģȻϦѽϣΪԼǣߵġ
iƽʱڳǰ˵ף쵹ҲǱָ㣬ҪٳһԵ
ƽĶۣ꣬ھѷǽȻˡ䲻ҶԺգλȴҲȵ˼ˣҲǿŵԡΪĶ̫ǱҲǻ˲˼ѡôŻҲĶ
iҪǣߣҲǻ˴ѪҪ£Լ
µ΢֮ڣǰЩʱգŸȢĺɹĺɹܾû£Լʹϵ
ɱѡ¼ңҲδ̫ѿЩ
ҶɫҲû¶ʣҼǵãǰЩȢ£ϧ⣬ŮΡӦǹң
걻һ£ھҲֵ÷зΪ˲෹Ц̸Ҳ޹⡣
iȴ¶ϧŴ֪̾ʵ⣬ֻǹӵȢҲǸΪҲûʲôоܾҲһ¡
Ħصָһ٣Ǻбڴ¶ˣüļһ¡
⻰ģɣ١˭֪ĲϲĺɹֻΪ˰Լѡ˵ǡ
֪ǲǽ̬ȣվ̫ӵǰ϶ʵˡ
ҶɵøпԼյѶϣȻġʵϲϲֻҪһˡ
ͻأҲ̴Ӧκӣʶ¡
iҲҶĹǣüһʱֻлĻǱ˴ʶһҲá
̫Ѿѻ˵˿ȻҲûƴǵɣֻòԵغЦͷۣܵǳҡ
ֻļƺʲôǣקһʹŬѵȻӲԼĻȥ׻ȡΪϵĳ룿

˿ϷѩڣȴһƬļžֻײ΢졣
Ҷ뿪ѾЩʱ䣬ȴԲʱ䣬˽ӦҲӦ˸ϵĿˡ
濴ʣоθڣϾīԱߣһԲһ񡪡Ҳô˵Ӧñ״üĿࡣʣһˣʵǺȤ
մȥҶΪʲôٳδ飬˳ͺžͱƿĽƹһɨһϲƷ󻺻ڣ˾ˣཫʳõÿɺã
Щ˵ûʲôĲɵػش𣬡ǿȥĶˣ
Ľƹ黺һЦλͺãҼҿһЩµˣλǹͣҶ໨˼ա
ϾҶҲ˴򽻵
Ȼһһ£Ҳ޻ʡһԲԲīȻڣǿ֪Ǳʲôµˣ鷳
һʱţĽƹ鴽ǵòԵЦάŽӲĻȣƬ̲Żڣǿ˽£ȨʣЩ˵ȻҲȨ֪
üͷѾĽƹ˵ĻҶʶ꣬ҲΪ׺񣬲ŻᱻרŰڵķ䡣īòһҶȥôҲñΪˣǱĽƹ˵ݳΪˡ
üָĻѾڴƴȴīᳶһ½ǡ
Ȼ֪ԷĿģֻüסŭջػ
ĽƹѷīҲɫƽ¶һǸɫˣȷðˣⱾǿ˽£ˡ
īķӦǳԤϣ˫ڵ޲ֻչͫοһĿԣȴǰҲޡ
Ľƹī˫ܵزٶӣһλûб£ƹȸˡ
ī費Ĭ
Ľƹ뿪¶ɫī裬ոʲôôĹܼңǳ
΢ƫͷעĽƹ뿪ķȴ˼ɫָùݵǣǣһЦ⡣
ֻǺ֣ԩ޳ԹҪ𡣡
Ľƹȥһᰴ಻סŷ֪ʲô˼ҪһֱأŻ޷Ƶ
л˵
Ǹʵкܶ˽Ҫæ
żȻռȥգȥʱڵīݣڿǺ˼ժ¼
ɫ˼Ѿǿʮǰ飬һֹյʡдҲúȤֻ˵ȨıҰģŮõҽ
һʮϲǿңǿyyds


71в
ҵĲңЦɣ
ĸ̴ӵĽŲȥҲŹʢյ򱱺Ҷһպգ۾˲ĹѫϵķԼʱļҡһѾûļ壬Ĺʶҡҡ׹ο಻
־ĸףɫĸףֹ̾ˡм𣬸ھճϢͬʱڹղֹ÷ꡣ
ɼʹһǲļңҲӵС
Ĺû뵽ڴ˴㡣
ЩϤɤƮ˼קأ̧»ĹüۺЦԼʺãǰЩӼĴۡ
о֪Ϊλڴ˴ۡ˵ɿϾģȻר̵ȴԼ
ĻǾװƽȣػش𣬡޹ӡΪĵ࣬Ϊͣɿۣղұ
ȲκԼҶĹϵöԷɡ
۶˵ǲΪ·̴һ򢣬лĹ䣬Աߵš
̴Ӧһ˵ԶıԸ£κζԷڴˣžϣӦҲʲô֮£컹ǰصȴڡ
ǵЦʵ滺ĿزƹͬĶߡ
ҲûʲôĴ£ֻģǰЩ˵Ҹһ£֪￼ǵôˣ
ϾݵעĲ԰׵ķɫʤȯա
޹ӣĲ˽磬
˵Ų˽磬ôƽϣһֱ֣Ӵ˵
ֻ֪𡣱Ͼ˵иԵɡ
ã۲ƣģؽţ鷳ġһߵǰⲽΪǼӵ£ڴ÷Էһͷ۰ɣȻ֪ԶǿѨĶΪ塣⼸ӣʵʵﳼ֮һٸ֪ǰ϶״
⶯ʱ¶˶ߵһ֪°ﳼ֮ǼӸѱҲļһĻҿ԰㣬ġ
ۼѾ֪Ǽӵı²⵽Ѿĳֽף͸¶Լܡ
һĸ
亹Ѿ͸˺󱳣ҧϸ󸴶ɿŻڣӣҪʲô
ԷЦҪĺܼ򵥡ģҸңٻӦоУڷ¥ÿЦɣ
ȻΪڸŴԺңǸϲԼܿԼ׬Ǯĸо
ûзʱֻЭǸӣٿһ¡

̴ӴīڵķѩʱɫȻ԰ףڿʱԲ˸񣬡ļཫ˾ˡ
Ҳˣɡȫʲô֮뷨ֻò˸īĻ˻գæк¡
īüƬ̣ڣĹʲôˣ
һ漴Цԭô𣿡
ī費ֻ˫ŨīȴǺڰ׸Ŀγ·ӳ˷仯
֪ȷһЩ鷳
˵һ˵ʲô鷳۽ƳһԵ棬޷ģҲˡ
һ̬̬ºͣҲԼ鷳
ĵĽī軹û̬ɫȴѾƽվͰаŮģﶼѾкüСˣ򲻿ɴӦ
Ȼ֪ģұϾȨƣξܾ
һʱҲ벻취ǵģϲس˵ƽյ״
棬һ֮ѵаŮ֮ī赱ȻҲĶֻ˴ǰûʲôϵͻȻ֣ʵΡ
Ĭõīڿڣã֪ǼӣΪᣬϢ
ǱϾӦҲб֪¡
΢һֻǣ㣬ôͻȻתԸʹˣ
ǰЩΪѰģͷЩ裬ɻǵһ
īһץסĹؼסġдǰ۹ϵҲûкõֵزΪʲôͻȻԸʹʲôף
ųǡī̧ĶӣǻûģȨƣϻİѱʲôĽȥƾõġỺƽڣҪƾ֣ҪѰͻƿڡ
ڴ˿̣ī贽һζЦ⣬ҿѱˣȻҲûвˡǶ˱϶Ǳ˴˽һЩ
Ҳī֮²ûо飬ǻЩìܣҲҪһ
ī贽ǵĻûڲյ뵵ˮУⲻҪĵķ룬Ƕ˵ĳҶ٣ֻҪҵǵİѱȻ
в㣬Ҳ*·
īĻģѾһ󵨵뷨
ҪȥܶԿνˣ뱣ˡ

ıɫѾ֮ǰǣҶʱδĵ
ˣǸԷһ£ΪԼһ¡
ôô٣濪ѯʡ
Ҷ̾һֻʱλֻͣڳʱȥдˡ
ʱĿˣǱǲĿƫƫλͣҪҶȥдī˲²⣬Է˵˭ȻҲʶȤز׷ʡ
ƫҶʱīʹ˸
ҹĻɢ˶½½뿪ֻ·ɢȥ֮С
ҶĿű;뿪ʱīվԺͥ£ƻ𴱴ɫ£⡣Ƭ°ڣʹԡůɫУȻŻ֮ȥ֮С
Էעƻο⸡֪Ҫ£к£
Ҷʣ㲻ңλ˭
īֻһûκβӦǻʺǱߵ˰ɡ
¶죬üҲܲµ
£īбһۣûˣȴҪӭӣػǻʺǱݵ˰ɡ
ԷһӾ֪ı飬ҶĶ֪˭
īȻƶϳ˵ݣһʱȴҲ˵ͷӣ
̫ӡ
īƽıڳ˲ҲûԤϵȻ̫ݰ١̫٣Ҫ̰ɡ
л˵
簲簲Ŀ


72
Ҫһϣִ֣ܲɽ
ڸߴݶȥɫʣԶҵƻӺ
ֵط¸˵ģҶǣִݶī赹ҲԼһֻۣ󷽵°¡
ҶҲߣʱ䣬ǴøϣҲȥϢˡһǣûµĻԼٹԼӡ
ķʱͰ
ڴ˴û˻Ҳþɫ֪ƶĿ⡣
ĩ΢¶ȵ紵ݶλѵ徻񷶥ҹպ嫣·ҹĻټֻǶˡ
̫㣬Ϊʲô£ī赹Ҳû֮ǰĻ⣬ѯʡ
ϣǣߵġ
ԼԤԳ棬ī貢ֻ֣΢в죬û뵽ô죬ʲôˣ
̫ǣߵģҲ򵥡
ꡣ
Ҷ˵꣬Ŀһ˲ƵעīɫѵÿɫΪʵر仯һ˰β˵һ䣬Ȼ̫Ҳ˲˼
仰˵òҲûпҶȻī뷨ο
ȻǰЩΪȢɨأ˵û˵ʲôӼ̫ӦҪ£Żǣߡָǣī˽ۡ
ҶüͷΪɫɫζİ˼ǿԴӦ̫ˣ
λУҲȵҲܸСʵ˵ԼĿ۽ȴƳҶɫôƲϺÿֲһ䣬Ե֮ش󣬿ǶȨ⡣
ҹֻԷԷ̵ЦˣȻƽʱʲôӼһҲûʲôʵĵط
ȷˣھǶѷǽУԵΪԺãţöʫ顣Щҫ۶Ŀͬ·΢Ȼ޹⣬Ȼˡ
ͬҳ䲻۵עţֻеľλʱż𡣵жƺҲûбڴȵӹλסи󣬾ټĸ֡ǰӭȢҲԤϵԼӽʲôҵף帣Ҳӡ
һӹˣڲòϣȷҲҶ䡣
Ҳδһ¡īҶжĲмǰȥȢȥˣô̫ǣҲе˼ɼԸûڱָֻţһԱ󡣱֮£Ҳʲôã޷ҪһƱ尲ŸֵڼߣôȷһѡԸųƿء
ѵһ˵ô໰Ҷȴһֳգ˰βŵԭҲģҪҪǶԱ˴ãûǺƿġ
۽΢ëͫһƬ裬Ҷףܻвʡ
ī̧ۣҶѵįɫһֱΪȨӵʲôǴܾܾʲôôŬȴһ׮ԼϲĻ¶ܾˣԵÿЦ
ī谲δֻ̬ͷϥעԭô
ҽҪһϣϣҲִ֣ɽ
һ̣Ŀƣɫյҹɫ׽׹㲨
ֻһۣҪɫ
ԣīֻǻںΪ֮ȸԾһ˲ֻһ˲һšδƵۣҲԵ֮޸УϾĸǷ޷ĿŻӳǵ׮ﰸֻǶĿȾö֮ȻҲüȢһȡĽף񾩳йе׽˱֯Ȩ
ڼҶԵһµĿʱöԷһǲ棬תһ룬ҶĸԵĻﳤȻҲڴ
īעãղһǳЦ⣬ˣһҸ
硱ѾԶˣ㽡
ҸΪӦˣ˾ãҶⷴʡ
īЦһûЩ˵ܶһ죬Ѿˡ
ӳǹ⣬Შ⣬ֻǰĿԣҹ࣬Юʱڶ˼Ỻʡ
ҶȻ˫۾ӣֻͷԶƻ𣬡˵Щ̫ԶˡֻȰ̫Ǳߴˡ
̫ӱϾҲҰͷ꣬ӦһԺҸƾҲѡī費Ϊ⣬̫ӹµǺĶ󣬲Ӧ
ҶشԶ죬תͷһ̻죬ҹ¿ɫ䡣ӦϦѽڣ׽ˮ̻߳ݡ
˴׽ˮлЩ룬ԶԶȥ̻һŽصĻѤõؿһƬҹɫ
Զ̻ãʱ˿񷶥ҹȴҲȻʣ̧ͷʱܿ˸
ߵɫȴҲδ̻ڸǣشУǸӡ
лᣬȥ׽ˮٿÿգǺʱաҶ֣Ҫǹ뻨ġ
īûȥ˰ƻҲûп񷶥ǹ⣬ֻڿֻ֣ӳǹ⡣
á
ͷ³ŵ

īصԼʱҹ׽ˮĻѽҲѾ˴ýȫȻĺۼȥ¥գɢǻʱ޶˵ظеį
ҶαϣԺīȥıӰڵƻ佥нԶֱĿٲɼͬһƬѩڳˮ޴ѭ
ȥȣɷǧɫҲմȾһǡ
ҶҲ޶˵˸Ʒ˿Ʋ壬֪ΪԼȵ꣬Ϊνˡ
ֻܰط϶ѻģõ
Ʒвȱ֮ǿмֵܾȤֻһϸصע
𿪷кȻһ
򿪾ᣬīࡣֽȼī͹ճѩѩų̂ͤ¥͸ֽҲܸغƴ󣬷ѩģɽˮһס
㾦֮ѩбۿֽīۣڼȷѩҪ۶ȥīɫһ㣬ذؼοɫ˺ѷѩԶɽ£ɺ̤ѩֱѩڸǡ
ǵҲд˰ųжȣֻúڰ׶ɫ͹ճ˪صѩ
ֻ⸱ĵһۣҶ֪˭֣ٿҲӦ֤Ĳ롣䴦֣ӡ˶Է˽ĩβʫһ䡣ּʧǣˡ
һ£ѩƵٴ
Ҷ֪ī貢δȥأԼҲʮ겻ص磬ɵʱеĲãѩƵȴڴ˿̺֮Ըӡ
ɽѩ±֮²ܹ⣬ѩԴס
л˵
ɽˮһסᷡͤѩ
һ£ѩƵٴˮͷ²¥ԭǡһ£ѩƵٴδ̺Ѻϲһʡ
ɽѩ±֮²ܹ⣬ѩԴסᷡɽѩ
ʱΪ̫оʬůůģīϵʬ߶ˡȻīȫ޶.jpgԺĶһҸ
Ӧûʱ࿴ˣܸоֵıҲ⡣


73
ڴܴľϲ
ʼֽţڴ˻ƵĲУֻī۵ɢȡ
÷֦ⱥ֭ˮ͸ڰ״ײ졣һ˫ް׵ĵ׽֦г
գˣڰǰĹȴǳţ۾ִ
ּȻۣͬ˵Ѿһһмܹóĵġ
ϰϰ棬ʹϻۣ֮ڷܿ̿࣬ۿɼһԵûôŬˣڿʱ˼Ƿһ˸˯
ҶС͵ĺԴЩҲҲɵȥˣԼȤһߺбһ߿֣żָ䡣
ֱżߵƿһ죬¶ݣݹ
Ҷæʾݡ
ĵʱҲ˱ʣԭ˯Ҳۣۻϲȥĵ½ǣĽ㣡
£Ҷӣϰ塣
֪ʲô£
ٵġƬ̣ıƽ⼸Щ˽£ڷ¥
ĲԸ˵۾һ£ѾǷҶ飬ҲԸΪԼǡ
ӶҶȴǲŵһױŻڣá
ܿ⼸£˽Ĳ˵ҲʶȤزʡ
ỺĦͷǺ𨣬⼸ӣ⼸վ鷳չˡ
㣬Ҫȥѽżק½ѯʡ
ֻȥһԼ£õĺô𨡣԰
һҲ˵ЩһֱżгĽɫΪ곤һӦҪ£Ѿ˵Ҫȥ˽£ôԼҲӦٲЩģֻǰһԣǵؿġ
áİӣҶֻһ⣬𣿡
ͷָһ٣̧ͷܡﲻ£ȴȻУϰ˴˴ȶʱ÷ļ磻ʱ÷³ĺ篸󣻳ֽԵİ¥ҪܳƺΪҡ
Цзϣ֦ݱµʹȻһġ
ҶȻٶԣȥء
׼뿪ʱżűƿչⲽ룬īлһֽɡ԰׵Щֵļڹ״ɣڹᱡ顣
īɫһĵĮһĻҲ޶ԣֱֻ룬Ҷܾ뿪ʱ˸
Է·£ҶЦŵ٩ǳ˳͡
ī¥ƵʣҪȴǰƵ١
Ե٩ɫȻǿżңкβɣ
Է¥õһż䵥ī֮ҶԼҲƵ࣬ר裬ճҪʱղԼڴ˴
˾ǹͣ޲ɣ˵ʱ򡣡ҶĿŲֵֽϣǽмָˡ
Զ˵̸ƴճīݣȻҲ˵˾Ǳ似ԤԣǾøʢ黭ɫˣд䵭
̧һۿʱֻ÷ѩң˪ѩ֦üˮīƵᣬʤѩڰ׶ɫ䣬Ʒȴ˪ѩ
䣬÷бϣ弫֪
ǴǰīĲεЩʧǣԷȴѾϵֽϸꡣ
ָֽڼ䷭죬֮ī˵϶ѧ־ˮ׼
ִϱʣ¶һѩ׵ǣպī˼дòõд£ѧ֮ǬīǣԤδСƽֱ񶯣ڱǰȻ֡
ʣּԴǡ
һ濴īд֣ԷʵݻظʱԵΪšϾͷһαĴҶд֣ձʵֻñŤ
ɡ
˵ɣǸչԼˣ÷磬ָڱֱϸϸձʵơ
ڷ˫ִֽ֣ʼ⿪ֽīۡ
ʱʶīΪĵָд˼ҳֱ֣ԿĽʱīŷбʣȵɣջۣһ͡
/
ʾдµֽŶõݸǣ֪ʲôֿڵϰ֣ȹǺΡ
棬ͷīȴһҶһЦ̧ͷʱԷһģֻκ֦÷һ㣬ҲѾζس꣬˿־ǵĸм
ī˵ȵ˯һѹдǽ˯ˡ
˯һˣôҪݼ˯ȥǣ֣ʵ
Ҿ˯ز۽ǵˮִһǷ
Ҷˣüͷ΢ǣô˯𣿡
С˯Ҳ⣬˯Щ쳣
⼸ն˵Լ˯Ҳ¶ɫ
Ҵ򿴹
˵Ӧǰȥ汻ͷɹˣЩúúϢ졣
ǰȥǽһ˻֮Եþήң
ĦO@īҲߵǰϸ鿴ɫҸ
ī趼˵иżǣֱߣȥҴ򡣡
ǣ뿪Ҷ˼ؿŶ˱Ӱʲô
īҡͷҲֻ֪ǿɫ֢״񵥴
ȻǴ򣬵òҲԶЩҽ
Ĳǵȵ֮¶ۣҶʳ⣬֪Ҫȥʲô
Էϵ˵֪
ҪȥʲôҲġŮ˷·ȱ˶һϣû֪¡
ī̧ۣζع˹ǣҲû𣿡
ܹ黹ЩĵġϾҲԤϵһʲô鷳
öǡī裬ֵھļֵڴһܴľϲ
ǳʲô£īҲûкôȻ˵ˣҶҲֻѡšתһ룬īҲԤϵĻڽ٣ôԼȻǻб¡
ǿҲֻܾˡ֪Ϊ£
еĹҲī⴦λãӰ￴С
ϧôĲǼ̧ɫӰŨأ֪ݴһ£
л˵
ѧ֮ǬīǣԤδСƽֱ񶯣ڱǰȻ֮֡ۡ


74
򲻹󺵿գҹ磬ؼԲȣ
īʱҶ˼Ƭ̣˵¡
֪𣬵ɫҼǵãǰЩݴ󺵣͢Ҳ˷ֵַݡδ˽᣿
ǰЩݳǴ󺵣Ҳʲôϡ£ݵشɳϮˣֺҲǼҳ㷹ֻͱ֮ݸɺգӪôͱҪŶӡ
ȱʳӸҪһΣ˽꺵ʱӪеԹΪأԼԼҪסӪе׶ҳɺֵزҶ֪Ͼ͢Ҳɴ˵ȳɢҲֹۣΪܿ쳯͢²ֵݿΪʳԻǶЧ˵ȷʵܿ졣
ºܿûˮ֪Ľ⣬Ƿʺɱ
ԶȲڱأҲԶī٣ҶΪûнٷϡ
ȻֳЩ״Щֵݣʧˡī˫һָ̯¶տҲģ˵ʧҲʣ˵Щ͵ݺ󣬲࣬Ҵ붼˳¾ס
˽ˣҶüֵʳ·ž˵֣·Ҫ޶һˮȱ֡滻ףɼ⵱θ֮
īҡͷǹһζĻȣ˽һ£滹ûжΪû˸ǰϱ¡
Ҷ⶯˵ЩʲôջɴһмЦ
ī˵Ҳֲˡˣ޷ǼĻɳƬյׯڣͼʳ죬ҹ磬ؼԲȣ
ר֪Ҵ£֪кι
һ£̫ġյв͸ӳĮȻüۡ
ī˵㵽ֹҶȻ̫ܳ裬ݴһ£㼱ҴҽȥΪ޷ǼŰ죬Щ˼ЩǮ͵ҲˣЩƽô򷢵ģԱˣͲ¡
򵥵Ի·ȻҲü򵥣ȴ֪ݾԹһֱɵĹȺӵ˫۾ڰ·ڻϲ˿üޱȡ
Ҫ˸ƨˣҶһֳ򢣬пߡ
ȻīǱ˵̫æˡ
СģΡͬҶһǷɳڣīȻ˼Ǹ࣬ǽ񣬱ݵġ
Ҷ¶ɫīǧôܵʳǽ
ϸҲ֪һܵʳǽ⣬ȻҲڰĲ
ȥ̽̽ڷ磬һ·ԩҪ״ݴʷ
ղؽһ񡪡Ȼˣݴʷ̫ӵˡ
ǸֵʳôҶãΪ̫£Ϊ̫ӣòʧ
ңݴʷ̫ӵˣݵش˷˷ɲֻ̫ӵ

īٳҩ굤ϪڣҩĵϢ
˳䣬Ů׿Ȼͷעһǽʢװҩġ
ҩƼˮʤһ繵ĺƤңæڵǰѯʣҪʲôҩģдҩ
ǹתͷĩʱڣȴȻʢһɫת飬Ϫ׷ס۵ٿһβ⣬ɽ´ҹꡣ
Ԫݡʱȴ򵥵ֻ˵֣峺Ϫ
Сͷ˰Ҳû˵ζҩģԪݣԪʲôҩİ
ƿһۣתһ룬ټҩڶԪݵıƣ򹤵ĻƲ֪Ҳʵѿ࣬ɾ˿У˾ҩƹ
ɶͷԣϲ̵Ǯһȥˡ
Ƭ̣ҩڵ˾ҩ㵽ǰϴЦ֪Ҫץʲôҩ
ԪݡԼ֡
˾ҩһ㶣漴ֶЦݣԪǺҩѽǧһ꣬СڵȻûСҿҩ̱Ԫҩıĵ࣬ҩһ£Ҳ޲ɡ
˭֪ŮӴݲļЦ⣬˾ҩ˵Цҩ굤ϪãȻòһԪݣ
˾ҩ˵ЩʲôѾֶס˻ͷˣңŵԪݵϢƹҾҪΪʲôҩˡ
Լɤƣ˾ҩҲֻ̾ȥƹʱһλȳȵ긾˱Ӷ¥ߣضʧζϸƳˮ͸覣ֵǧ
ƹĲ޸˸ӣǱǸԪڱǲġ
ҩ껹ҩĵбֻۣûơ
ļҩƹƽЦţԪɽۣʮ귽һꡣ֮ҩҪϹңʣ˼ꡣʣµĹԪݣҪ׼λȨصҩϪֻһССҩҲһǵѴ
ƹ˵óϿңһʱ޻Ĭʱƹȴѿſڣɣˡˡʧ㣬ҪʲôҩģܷԸڵġ
޿ƹ뿪ķֻȥſӭӲڵİŮȻ˾룬ŮüĿܽһϮ´¥ģҲȷǷӹ֮
ƹ񹧾ӭŮ˾ֱȥ˶¥ʹأҩ˸λ£ȴŮ¥ǺҲ
ڵȴʱ䲢ûг̫ã͵ȵŮӶ¥¥бʱһϸõҩ
ԴɬƹǼ⣬ˮ˻ܲ׼ȷųǹԪݵζŮҩбйԪݣ
˳βŮ뿪Ϫá
ϧϪīٳľֱߣֵͷܶԾǵĽֵ̫Ϥڼι㷢ԼŮ
գһܣΧİľ£֪ʱһİ˵
ĺɫĳϦ˵ӰͶڵ棬ܿ죬˵ӰӾͽһ
ޣܣǺҡΪ׵ĺ׶*ɴסֻ¶һ˫ߺ޵۾
ЦһˣѾԼѵǸ񹷣ŶȹҪ˰
ѾɫرУд˵¶а̾鷳ʶ뾩㽫Լе뻻ֻЧ룬һЩ۾Ļԡ˭֪⼸ô鷳ڻҧԼš
ڵǼ룿ЦһԼֱ¶ϣˣε·ƹģѰƣ
޲ƣѾ˵ǡ
н߸𣬡󣬸Ͻɣ
ڴ˿ֻ̣ǰһһֻ漴˺ڰĵĴʹ
ʹס۾ڿڣʲô
Ϊʹסۣ磬ֻ޵Ц۾¶棬ΪԼǹˣ
۾ľʹŭкԼץסޣѸѰܵ·ʱһ⻮ĺɫϼ⣬ɽѪɫ
¶ϼ
л˵
ҲϿ油ǩʯͷǰѼ˾ͼˡ
Ĳ䣺īȷʵǺͷ۾ƫĺɫֻһʱϲһֻɫ۾ԭֻǾÿеĸо


75
Ҳûжʱˣī衣
ǵ⼫༫ֻϻ⻮ĺɫΪĺϦȾ϶Ŀ졣
гֻһ˲ٿʱȻһսʡΨнսҡö覵ɫʯ͸⡣
ǰݵΪˣʱѱʺڵϢʣµַͬʺأϢֻ˿ѪҺڵʳһƬ
̧ͷֻīµŮִѪԣ۲Ⱦ
һ۱ϳǽԼҪٵŮ
δ򣬿ɻãתԼһֻҪԼ
޴һ˫ǽ޳бֻ֡һۣûסǷǽվòһ䣬л
ŮҲƽ䵭ջԼ֡޻һ˲о˾ЩӢ۾ܿѹԼ㡰ǰɫŮȻӢۡǵĪϾЦ⡣
޲˶뿪֮ٱЩ£ȸˡ
һᣬסȥ·ι˵Цһ֪֪ݣ˵Ҫȥδ
ɫǵϾЦȴе𡪡֪ѹסŭûص˵ʲô֣Ҫô
īϷ¸衣īջص·Ľ󣬡ðδΪҿ
޵ıֲתΪŭЦ˾ĪҴȤݣʲôУǵң
īĽҪк࣬ƾγԲѷάƽδ˵Цҽ֮ĲҲûа취Ҳҩʯҽ
ҲŹī䵭һԷ̬ҲƵòϧȲϲȨҲϲ˫ҹɫ㿴͸۾βˣȫƾ飬ǿ߶Է⸱ʱļ棬ȡ
׼뿪˵أīȴҲ޷ӦתͷһѾ£̽Ƶ˶ڵ棬ϢشŵϵʬѪ
īϵģ޻ͣ˽Ųüӡۼû뿪Ĵ㣬ī֣㹧ؽӹΪǰϸװõҩġ
ҩīģ΢ʬ׵Ŀӹ⼸ආֻǾ֮͡δܽˣպгѰšǰӺݴʷǱߣһɾٲõġڹԪݣǱҩģҪδԾܿڣī϶ᾡΪѰīϻҽż㷭ġΣǷ⣿
ǽԼ͸Ϊ˴㡣
ҲӦأ޶ӵЦţһܽ棬üۼŲڸǵķΪϼɽҰľ֮С
һ̾ӽһװҪˡ
˺ɽѩ䵭Ů˵һα棬޸о㣬̧ܡ
ī迪νЩһ־ܽԼͷ۵⡣΢ƫͷ׳⣬˷²ֻΪ㿴ɣ
Է޳ָֻҩļвгһűֽݸޣϸµдҩֻҪδߴһʱ䣬ΪΡ
زеĹؼʣһʱ䡪Ƕã
ĺɫĳЩϦī԰ɫһֱȥ
ȻʧЦī裬ǩأ
紵˿¾壬ӰҪɢڷСīֻǳһЦеҩ˻δһʣ¶ʱô鲻δʱ䡣
޺Ȼʲôŵͷȥеҩڿּ֮󣬲Цһֽл촷ۣ
ֲãҪôҩġ
Ϧһ̳׳棬ֶµİɫУ˫ڵȴѽδժУǺ
ðɺð֮ҲûоܾȨǾʹӦգī衣ЦһҲûÿɻˡ

˵ԼҲһ
ԴǱʦɽޱھݸأһΪ˿һռɫϡҩġ
Ϊ˿ƾԼ⡪ֱ׵˵ǿⲡ̶ܹܲԼȤʱս֮ԸйŹ֣ҽĳƺ
޶Դ˲ʲôܣҽҽҲҪԷġҲΪһЩ̹ԱϾҩĵǮҲϵġ
ǰЩӺһʱΪӺݴʷΣǲȥģκζԷļʵǿ̫ˡ
Ϊѵȥˡ
ʷʣؽ״Ӻݴʷʱһ۾ͿǵʹԡƫƫʳǴ⣬ɽ亣ζһͶ̥ģڳҲǵһ˼主硣
޿Ӻݴʷѹ֬ӱöģֻ˼ֿ˸ʪֹʹҩ׼뿪
Ӻݴʷò㶯˼һֱҽڸϡһӦһѰķƫƫڴʷʱʷ֪Ӻδ˵ͯͯŮѪ٣ʹԣڸڻŮͯȡѪʱ޿̣˸ʷҩζʱ䲻µĶҩ˻˴ʷ
ûʱգ˵ӺݴʷУ״òҵϢ
ʱ뿪Ӻݡ
ϧӺݴʷļͨȥ׷ɱȻˣȴǲģҪȡ
ޱķɴһݣֱӽ£ʶī١СҰУڳʳУЩܲ˰ɣ
ϧǵ͹⹷Ƥҩ˳̶ȡ˽һĻ
һ޵ʵǣӽ̫ƽɱ˷Ż𻹵ÿʳǡ
īīīᳵ·ذź޵ʳסУгԼ֮ʲô̬ȣΪ޷ǳ⡣
ֻԼСͷһ˻ظס£޸оһ·϶вپĿ´
һ·صīķ䣬Է֣ʾ
޵ϣϸϸüҲҪٰһ
ҪʱԷԵЩܣ֡
΢һ䣬㿴ֱǳһȴеϸ̺ܰۡóϤıҩЩ̺Ȼǳһʵİ̺ʸ𪼡ϣĿġ
ؿī裬ԷֻܿĿ⣬Ĭ
л˵
ʹԾǹŴʹ粡ĳƺ
ţһָḻ󲡡


76ͬ
ɡ
ĳĬ
ʹգīҲǱģ԰׵ļ͸ظڹϣסѪܣ·ѩڿ֦硣
ʼյʹţȥͬһ´ޱϲ
Ϊãջ֣е˼ر𣬼ʹôҲΡ
ο˵̧ۡ
Ǻᣬ޿ɱ˥ܣԿںδ֣ϸϸ̽īɫʱߣ֮ʼҲ֮֮֮Σ֮ң˳Ϊ棬νڸ񡣡
޵ָ⻮ǣͣڲҲ˽Щϵҽ֮޴󰭣ȴʧѪʧ⡣ǲǣʲôͬͬУŻᱻӰ죿
ܸܵīУʲô̰˱ͬһ޵׵֮ס
ĿԣĿ⼸ӣҪīÿһɫı仯ԷֻǳһЦ̹Ȼףǡ
޳ȻЩ£ҽ֮ôΪУܿˡ
ûа취̯£ë򵥵ķȻǽǶϵ
Ӧиصķɡīƽ
ɡαϣŶԷݣվôϧ֮УҲҴ򣬸ȥҰһײˡ
̸ԼīҲֻǻؽԼ°ã½ԿգɽںӴкηֱҲ£ֻߡ
ҹɫȻӰ̳ڴ
Ұﲻ㣬ⲻѰĲ֢ʵ
īڴǰ¹⽫ıӰһ㱡ѩꡣֻҪʱ򡣡
Ӱ˼Ƭ̣һĻԳԡ
һ£Ҫһɫζˮļҩ
⵹ҲѡǰҪʵڼ򵥣ڴӦоЩʱվܸ㡣
īĬŴɫȻ޻˵ʾҪ뿪ˡϧԷȫûԾת˸ī裬֪ôܣ㲻ڰɣ
Ҫȡδôˡڻ»䣬ɫ
㵽ôģɫЩī裬Ų˶ˣ״һҲУôһīҪˣ˾֮λҲ˼̳С
ϸһ룬Ծò˼飬˾֮λˣѵҪ޼˾ˣ
ԷЩ޶ԣֻʣԣô೯ôҲһûм˾ǰδˣ£ֻĻʱЩʲô
úáȻģҪǱʵ֪˸ô죿۾Ҳ֪´ȥʵҲǾҰĴ£ҲȻʵûûҪ֣Ͼīû֧ġ
īֻ΢ǰͶŨصӰǵЦޣ֪
֪ǲ֪ܣʶȤز׷ʡ˻ûججʬ⣬ȴҲ죬ӢšֻǾãӦûŵˡ
ôī軺ֱӣѵƣҵǾãҲ˼һ⡣
ҡܽ壬졣ĵһ괥źʶĩѾУ֦Ҷϲɵĵһȥ
ͩ

ĹȥʱķûеôšΪ˹滮ʱ˼·ܻࡣ
˵Ŀ⳱ʪ壬̦һʸ˻ʡ¹ڳʱ򣬶ڸǲ˾Ƥֳ̰ªꡣ
۽Լƽ߻͹ʱ˵ĻѹһȦؿĵáֻ֪ͨǳЦӯӯһݣл޹̧
׵ü˳ǡ峿һ֧ɽ裬ߢʱָմ¶ˮ
۱⸱ģòվǲزס˼ѯʣǰЩӺĹ˵£֪￼ǵôˣ
Ӧ޸磬һͼؽ˺Ժ
Ͽƣ֪λңж檡˷ԣȻܶԼʲôģǼɫѡ
ԼҪԸķǽ
ˣÿڷ³Цȷʵǳ֮ơҵùҵҡ
ıһ˫ֻۣӣǧ˵ݡ۱ĿԵߵ˼á֣ѾʼĥʱȢš
ü¶ǳģֻǣЩ¡
۵ҪΪ˽ǣʵôˣ
̾ͣ蹫ӡҵң˵ϣܻذ¥һɽ¶һᣬһؾ蹫ӣ˵ѲԸȥ³ЦȴǼвҡȨƣʵڲ֪Ǻá
źв˵ֶδԼù˵ʱȴǵȻ޳֮£ʱҵĺôʱʹӦپ㣡԰ģ㲻صģڻǱҲʶˣ취⼸»ʱҲǡֻҪӦңǼӶί
ز˴ۻеĹؼʣȻʲôףٶԴһݣӾȻΪ֮Ϊ
ۼæС£㲻÷ϡһЦҲ̫ģҲ޸ܵⲻ˶á
ôˣ׷ʡ
ȴ˵ֻ㾡ܰģʰΪģЩģȵˣҾȢ㡣
ǿסʸУһһֶŴﴽǳЦ۽΢죬Ҽ̬޹ĸм
۳ڼָм̬УΪǵгͷԣȫȻѾʼƮƮȻЩʱӭȢŵ£ȫȻ֪ǾޱҲ̡

ȵӴ۸뿪ʱϵΪľͻδ븮ϵĵóңæӹλδڡ
ֻлȻԼá˲òпλδˣȴûע⵽˼ɫ
īȻûдʲôףͲŻѡԼʹԶû϶ֽӦûһ֣׼жĥɱ¿Ͳ
һǣ֪˾ʲôס
߲˵һ͡ദ֪꣬˱ȴۻҪ࣬Ҫ׻ȴۻࡣ
˰ţĽŲҲࡣ
ûΪǵظˡ
л˵
ͬѧɡҴ򣬸ȥײġҵǾãҲ˼һ⡣Ǹ½ڸҪȤ
ͬѧ𣺡ɡOK


77߲
ļҵС㣿
Ҷյ͡Ϣ˵⼸ĶڣҲʲô£Ż
ȵҶһ·ϵ뼸һͬסլԺʱԺڽⲽǣһ߲һ߼ҩĴ
ôˣһǴȥҲûƳȻ˵˯϶
û̻ش𣬷ϸع۲һҶеʣݽиоﲻ
Ҷ죬ûѽûʲôġ
˿ǾͺáɫתΪ˵ǵ߲
һԵĴҲ˯ȣԣ߲֢״
߲󺧣û뵽𨾹Ȼǵ߲ںδȾģ
ǻһЩȷصǰȥǽ棬ǽЩؤǰȥЩʳЩؤҲֻ˵˼仰ͻˡֻ룬Щؤп߲ܵȾġ
ǽؤǾͼпǰЩīĴǽˣи߲ȷʵʲôϡ¡Ҷ˼ⱳǣֻ׷ʣɻб˱Ⱦˣ
иСҲڷտԣѾˡӦûáش
Ҷ̷ֻԸˣȥߵ͡ϸŲ¥˭߲˲ĲδöһŲ׼Ϲǵò˶࣬¥ҲЪҵաת򣬡βҪõȥ¥ϻУʲôѰҩģҲһ˵
ȻӦڵҪæչ˺⼸ӣȻ˵
һиҪȥ״˺Ҷ׼뿪
ϸǣҶī裬ݽҪȥ˾𣿡
šīϾⲻȾ߲
ǽȥɣϾ˾Ҳ𨡣

ҶҴīȥʱҲɵóЦԼĶǡīಡҩ룬ʲô֮Ȼе˻緢һ㡣īݣѵȱҩҽ
ȻţȴҲȻ̲סģһֻⲡѰ纮أīĸоʵ̫飬ĺʱ֦ͷҡҡ׹ĻһܽߡҶǲĴҴңīʱǷɣɫ°Ʈչɡ
ڳر߼ҩȴҴҽŲʱɵ̧ͷȥĻֻҫۣҪ۵ס紵ܽޡ·Ϊ׵ü
ӴӴļҵСˡҡżҩȣīѰ𰸡ģ
һԵīڿҶӰʱҲ¶죬ô
˼ҼҴӣô⸱飬ġ޵ôߣ٩
īüһ֮£ĪҪԡ
תۼҶѾйۣīߣڿīеҩյʱɫֱ߶ƽӣҲˣоôϲأ
ī豾ѯԼ״Ϊ֪ںδ˵Լ״ϢʡҲˡʱ֪Ӧò֪Լʵ
ʲôҲ޴󰭡ҩյͿģֻѰ̲ҩ
Ҷɫ֭ԶԶѾᵽɬϢƲɷ֡ڽʣвʣû˯ȿԣ
δʲôǷ纮֢״īش
һԵ޿һĻЩЦȷʵûЩ֢״㲻Ҳ򡣡
ֻȻûЩ֢״Ĳ֢˵ֻͷ۾ˡţīתͷŹԷɫ䵭֪ھԼУʶȤر졣
Ҷע⵽һԵޣλǡ
ǮΪˡ줚[ת鿴ҩ¯Ļ
λδھΪΡīĻشˮ©סһ˵©Ļᡣ
ҶҲ˵޵ţնһԼҪࡣҽƢԹŹ֣һȴΪͷȤԷףδһᡣҶ
ԭƽֻ˸ͷͼתҩȥˡпҶĸƵʣȴҲ֪˿˵£ͽ˸С
Ҷ˼ǸࡣīĽ򵥣ҶȴΪѰҽīī̸Ц޵ʱѾ˸²⣬в֤ʱ
ǽעŻīϣͣ˯ԭǵ߲տʼȿˡӴҵ᲻ᱻȾ
ԭˡīȻңӦûбȾںδȾģɻб˱Ⱦ
˵ȥǽʱֵؤ˵˼仰һЩؤЩ߲Ҳ֡СױȾֻ¥ǱѾŲˡ
߲ʱīɫҲ࣬ʾҶһ£ݵҵĻᱻֽš֪߲֮䴫Ⱦʲôģ
Щ߲񣬱Ӧ̱ΣѾ״ݴʷ̰ݵӣ۸ࡣ
Ҫԩ״ĻӦøԸЩ°ɡҶ˵Լƶϡ
ī̵غյҩΪɬ΢üͷ
ްҩѺȡ
һյ۽ƵԼǰҶҩɬ֪ʱѾԸŮһ۽⡣īһö۽˿ɬ󣬲ڿڣ˳״棬ӦΪ̫ǱΪ˽ִֽ߲š
ڼ޴֮ī貢¡
õĳĬúһ΢̾ϢڷС
û˻ⲩӵ
޿֮ȻĬķΧһҩú󣬱㽫ҩеݸī裬Լҩ뿪ˡ
úóҩͬ˵ʱߵˣ͸˸޷ˡ
ҶѾؽӹҩյīҩ¶ȣֻһСھüҩôġ
ⲻֿˣīȤؿҶӵ飬Ȥ
Ǳ㵱ĸԸֿ԰ɡҶҲҩٽҩݸ
Ҷһ԰ؿī轫һյҩſڣǲǺεȻйأ
ء󷽳ϡ
εȻ봨ī磬Ҷ١ҶűʣµˣǱ㻹մ麣ңüңʢʱսҰӦûкˡ
ѾˡīվܽޡʰƮ仨һ


78ô
򾿾Ǻδ©Ż֪˵֮£
ʮ壬
ӴգϦ¡ʹԲ֮磬͡õʱҶȤذţ뵽̫Ǵˮȣû죬ͻһϳãڻҪڼװѵܹģֻøΪơ
ﵱ*֮ǰŮȰ˹磬ҲҶЩ˵ģȻ޷Լҵֵף˵һ¡Աһ۵ʤ£ð˳ȥһƯĻƿѾʮ꣬һʱ̡
ȶȥ˺֮УŮҹŮһã֬Ʈ㣬Ҫڸǹװһ毺ãױƣ˱Ȼ
֪˭ۼ⣬ȿԼЦѽƽˡ
Ⱥ࣬ཫΧסչÿɺáֱϵĻʺһˣƽɡ
ʺԼλãܽλΪԼĶ£ԼҲɷѿġ
Ҷ̹ȻϾһ£̫ܻƨɵġ
ŮеĽ̸УȴһмͣҶ̧Լļĺɹüͷɫá
ĺɹԩ޳𣬲Ϊī׺֮ǰĺΪīʱվΧҶֻϵĹ𻨸⣬ĺɶӡ
лļҳ˾ȤҶǵĶԻ
ֱһλϣǲ֪ƽûϲɾжˣ
Ļˡ
Ҷй𣬻һЦء
ϧɫ·ûж»µԼŮƽôõŮȻû£Ϊ׵˶̤żˡ
˵٩˵ƽԼûأôõĹҲʲô˶ϵġ
һĵЦԼ·չ̨ϱ۶Ʒ
һŮˣٳɾܻͣɰϱѡ⣬ļֵԵϣΪĸҴȥ棬ΪҴѪķǽĥ£˱ʣļֵ
ˣҲԸˣԸŮӶˡ̫
ҶҲ֪˿Ǳ۲壬ֻºЦʵݶΣҸϣķ֪ʶٰü
ʵԼûʲôȤ˸ûʲôȤ֪˰⸱ڶŮ鳤ģһҲ޷
һλ̾ϢƽСˣҪ֪Ѱѽ
ͻСĳСȴ˵ˣ¶㽣ȻѰϾѾȴɽưɡ
һ㶣˵ƽĸӦѰݴľɸѰ
ҶһһĽԶ
ѣ֪ظѣԼĸɪҲδߵβ
˵ãϵĻʺڿڣˣȢվǴ£ƽԼɡôƽҲĹԼҵġ
ѽ֮ȻڣĺɹʵʺﲻĹԼֶŮ˾ĻҲǴء
ҶһЩûЦֵȷǾīʵùնûڻϡԼҪīڣɼĺɹȴֻī衣
ʺɫһһ󣬱ϾīѪԵϵֻάϵĶׯ˾Լ뷨ܹܵõģ
ĺɹΪȻɼڴˣ϶£ɵԼȻڼ˾λãҲÿӺã֮¡
⻰Ҷü˵ϡѰȴаһһǵ

ս绹Щʱ䣬ŮҪȥ̫ҺͻҶѰ˼ҵȸǣȥЩ´ʱ䡣ϾҲٳΪģٿĺɹʺǵ
ڲ۵Ľ˹񣬹ڶϣƽ롣
ҶǻʵߵĴ̫һȹϢظĽŲ
ͭɺ¯ڣƺյЩԪڽƵģ¿С̨īѸɺԣϵȴֻĦʢװҩĽУȡһöҩ¡
Ҷղ뺬ԪʱŨϢѬüͷܿƽ飬񣬡μӱ¡
̧ͷƬ̧̺ʾ£ɣ
ݿϲŭ״ؿڣΪЩʱûƽˡ
ҶɫҪ«ʲôҩܵñ¹ǳҡ
ۣĿ⽫ɨһſڣ޼ǵãǰЩӣգӦʮˡ
ȷ뿪īΪʣѾʮꡣ
ֻѱػһЦû뵽¾Ȼǵãǵġ
ϲˣȻʡ
ȻʳҶһ֪˶ԴʲôҩԼýš
С
ĦϺ觵ִ죬˰βſڣһƽҲˣ֪ǰҵ϶ޣ˵⣬ҪȢ㣿
Ҷ򾪲ۣʲôҵ϶ҵ壬ʶҲļҵĹףǻʵ۰¸е̬ʲô
ƽӲ죬˵Եǲǻ̫һЩҶܡ
֮ⲻھƣȻֻͷҲģСӺ㶼û棬˵Ŷ˼Ҳ档޻ţϲˣҲԸޣ
ڻûЩҲûϲˡһ״
΢ۣЦЩζ׷ʣ棿
档ĸڳͣҲûмȢء϶ȻԼĻ֮¡
ǺЦĦִǻҲȻʸͻʱˣǽͯŮɷˡ
Ҷɫȴ廰һת϶µظֻƽҲ⣿
ֻգ亹ȴٿȻ󱳣λ£ӣҲ죬Ȼ⣡
ãſڵôСӶʵģ̫ҲԸΪǣߡ
亹ѽޱ߽ʪҶԼǻ༱ٵ𶯡
岢֧ԼףԸ⿴һԤϡֻ֣̫ΪԼǣװУ͵δˣǴӺδ֪Ĵ£
֪Լ֮£
̫ӣ꣬Լһ©Ż֪˵֮£
ĴԷתţܿ˴ǣ̫ԸǣߣǿƽɳҲ죬Ծûٶ˽⣬Ҳ̫ӵµĺ⡣ǷԳ⣬ʵڲ֪
Ʋɾ̫ͬӺĹϵȻ֪̫⵱ǣߣȻҲ֪Լ겢ûиһ
óĬһֱɺͭ¯еپ̴һgģ壬࿴
ǰЩʱղȢܾס޾ãЩḡˡڿڣָֻ˳ɤƽպпϵļҹӣҪǵøҲ޲ѺùأĸҲ׵ġ
ʾԼĻһ£պֻˡ
Ҷ֪Լû̸еֻӰһߵл
ƽл¹ġ
л˵
ӴգϦ¡ԡǡ
һӦǸˣչ֮ô᡿
ľ鶼ϢȽϴҪҡ
ڳԸôϰߣѡĸΪĸʱΪֱȽϿӣҸġ


79ӵ
쳾ɫҪ׹˼䡣
ҹ
뿪ԪҶƣĲٰҹҹУüһãδʱ˴˺ѽ̸
ʱͬգڿʱ˾ͷǳɫĵǰ
ԼλʱԱߵλǿŵʱҶ̫Ѩܵһв֪Լڵݣߵλİŵġ˿λûţ֪һҪʲôɽ
մʱºɤ
ڵĹüǫǫӡ
ҶʶȴҲʶֻ̫Ѩһʹú׷ۡꡣ
ӡʾ⡣
°׼һԵλ£ԱߵĿλˣȻǱİŹҶ޲ýλϳж˿飬űôһʾߵ̫ϾҪԱߣò
ҶҸʲôĽڰ߻Լʱ÷磬ֽԵĴУϰ÷
˰Σɺƣǣ졣ƻ𴱴ǣɽѩ
֮زȾ꼡
˾ˡãڻعī
īףʾ겻֪Լ˾ʲô޴صȴī迪ڡ
īΣڿڣи֮롣
˾뽲
ðӻλáīƳλ̫ӵ׺ҲȷЩ
ԭҪλãȻ˾ҪλҲ֣ЩĹ磬ÿһλʺ󶼻ִŵذѼ˾λð˾Ҳִŵذλû⣬ֲ֡
ֻû뵽ҵԼ
ʺߵλõΣҪǣǸλûĺɹȢܾҪλáⲻǰҪѿô
īǸޱϲ飬·ȫȻʶʲô
εڶǰţȻԸȥīҲ粽ûаò֮⡣ҶԷȴ˫ֱһϷģϹ۵̬
˿ǽ첻Ӧеصز顣īݰڴ˴ûԷʱ
Ƭ̺ѡЭ鲻Ը뿪ڵλáˣǼ˾롣
뿪ıӰīȷʵǸûģںˡ
ԭ˾ΪҶԱ£Цô
īһֻڿ߶ѣ㲻ҲǱˡ
ҶյǰüÿĻȣεƬջζҡҷ⣬ˣܵü˾˹գܳء
īֻЦЩۣިƻ޵òɷ쳾ɫҪ׹˼䡣
Ȼʶһ㣬ֻǵջĿ⣬ڴӰͬʱҲ̽Ŀ⿴
˵Ǹøл˾ģߣǵҪ鷳ࡣʹ㲻ҲҪҸڰߵġҶһЦδջĿ⣬עˡ
İ仰ᣬૡ
Ǹô򷢵ģɲֻǿûĴ㣬ǻ޵ĺá
ֻݵĽӴīѾ϶ûǰȢһ£Ӧǹͷӵ⡣֪ԼƽӹΪһŮסŵĸ󡣿ɼĺɹĸǻϣԼµĳλãɲ˭ܵ޻ֻиţķݡ
ҶǱǳǾ͸ܼԦķݣù裬ԵʣѾǲеˣҶȤ껹֪Լӹһ١
֮䣬״˳볤ãҪƾеĺá
ī˼ƮţֺȻԼΪοʼЩ¡عҶԷƺȤضԼΣջ˼ſڵȥ˹ŮĹ磬˵˵ȥԼ˵ףͷۡշԱ£ֲ֪Ҫʲôģ
Ҷʱûһ£Σһ
˵īüչЩ봫ʲôԶܴȥƳ۲鲻ԸԼλ꣬ջ£Ҳǽˡ
ͬī贫ЩʲôԣҲԼĪпͬЩʲôϵĴԺò֪١
˵ƺī׺һ²УҶЦɣϧ˷һȦûΣյˡ

磬޷Һƽ˽¶˶ղڴ˿̰ؼԲֵ̬ͬ
ϯͬҶѾƣī谲Եλá⾰һлȴǬ߸
ƹѲҶþӿյЩ̡ڸ費ݣͷ費ѣ߳עʱ͵͵뿪ȥ͸硣
Ҷ뿪ī豾ûзϣ뿪кһʱ䣬īҲЩģϯȥѰҶ
ͬڵҾ󣬵¸ɫϾܽޡԲ⵴ӳһ¡
ɨĹ˶Ӱֻɫݱء
īŲӯĺɻȥĽŲᣬرϢөҲ
ֱԶеĽ̸֮
ӣѰˣڴ˴
īϸԴݣȴȻһסͱ˺ߵļɽ֮С
д󺧣Ҫǹȴøһֻ˳ס졣
Էֹʼģ˵ǽ˵ӵΪʡڲϤϢʱīڷʶ˽䱸ԷҲܿɿ֡
ǰ̴ľǳǳǳ޶İ
ȻѾɿסԼ֣ԷԼ䣬ڼɽխɽʯ϶޼䣬ܸϸܵԷ¡
̬ܵܵī費ʣδؽӴѾ³˶ԷݣҪѡ
ꡪԽɤڶϣЩʪȵϢڶϸܵ⡣ָ꣬ʾ
īֻͷΪǰĶ˳رөɫ˵
¹ᱡѩ˫ɫӳųө𣬱ǳЦᣬֻһۣҪӵ׹쳾
ֻһ˲·˵زǾعڣҲǻʳǷֻɫ࣬ܽޡ꣬һһɾ١
·ţټֻжӵ
л˵
ããԭдҲͦˬ


80İ·
֮£©ٲ
ֻϢɽʯխķ϶ΧеҹĿ
ҶȫȻʶԼЩʲôֻīںߵļɽ䣬ԶĽ̸
ī豾һ£κδ˵խҺ¾Զ̸ˣҲֻܿҶо䡣
ƿƺˣȥôʱûʲô⡣
º͵ûʲôƵܺñȻġ
һЩİˣɫʣʲô⣬Իߴӽ£ʹڣܳʲô⣿
īֻɤţȴ벻ǺˡתͷҶֻȫעɫղ۵һƬɫ
īս˼֣Ƭ̺Ŵ⶯ô
Ľƹ顣
īȻܿѹ˲죬˵ĶԻ
ǽӣҪĽƹϲ٣ǰȴԵΨΨŵŵҵȻûоÿЩ£ֻǵ᲻Ҳ·
ҲùȥѰʹټѰʱǿѰֵΣĽƹô乧ܴѵ֮Уһ׷ꡣ
ҲĽƹ˵˰βû˵˾䣬Ҳǡ
뿤죬ˡֱԣЩÿŵ¡Ľƹ԰ֲһ䣬ѧ÷ѵѧһ뿤ûкô
꾹ȻҲҶƤֱͬ˵µĽƹ鵹ѻ˵ˡ
̸ֽ˼䣬ǰ껹ĽƹȥѰҶЩЦá
ֱȷ϶뿪˵غīҶŴӼɽ߳Ҷ֪ջԼ֣΢Щ롣
ī貢ûмƽǰľٶζƳҶҵǲ֪ԭϵĹܼңҪôµġ
ҶһֳڼɽԣҲֻͷʹҲ֪Ҳ㡣
ĽƹԼһͬһǣʮǹͬ˲ٷ粨ƽȻԼͬԼҲ˳ӣʱЩ֮⣬ʲô⡣
˭֪һȴԽ޴ңѾ˼ʣѽˡ
ңҶ㷲ǣĽƹڽ̸ʱ¶սȻͬϢеİ
īӽȴˣϴҶĽƹԲѷѾΡƺѹŭ벻֪ʱ˭й
ţĽʷŵĶӣ뿤һͬī١īһ˵ҲѵôõĽ飬ȴǺ֪ģ
ʲôҶϵúܿ죬ֻʶʱ䳤Щô׾˽һ˵ȫòҲΪ˽һˣֻҾ˸־бıҲֵ֧ġϾĲŸɣһССĳʷҲȷʵСˡ
˸־˵뷨ֻظ֮£̵ĺߡ
ī費ΪȻĿбʹıԽ޴ң
Ҷ֪ڰʾʲô֪֮Ҹڣ
ָ⻮˿統ߵϣī΢ֻ̧۵οһɫ̧Ķڴ˿̸ƻģֻǲô
Ҷָ⣬úһ̾Ҳлȥĵط
ʶʮ꣬Ҳֹ֮£һ㣬һֱúס
Ļشīۺ΢ںջ֣á֪ı֮£©ٲ
޻˵īջ׼뿪Ҷȴʹ֣סָ⡣
ģҹһ
Է죬ȴҲûѣԼָ
ҶЩӲطſתַңָһ׽ժ˿ߵө档
ө׽ºַө𣬿өҹɫСөиӦһ㣬ɫɶ׹䡣
īûпөֻөǺ

̤ŷлĻɫ뿪ʹʱĽƹվԣ̬ظɡ
ҶĽƹ飬ֻ̬һĹ˳һʱ㱡ղأ˶ûϷ¡
ĬΣŵôãˡ
ĽƹºһЦְڣࣿƿ˳ϳɣ
ǰ㡪ЩԼÿһθлʱº͵ְڡ
ʲôϢظıأ
Ҷ֪𰸣³羰Ҳμˡ

ظʱ̫ӲٰģƽƽȻҲܵõʵ۵Ŀޣ;ŭӿ̲ס˼
һ룬iܹҲⲻ˶ˡˣֺЩ˼ֺɫǰ׼Ļš
ĻȴηηƳDɫСĵ£ݵв˵ʱߡ
šüͷж˵˲˼
Ļһ߿ɫһߵȾһѾ˼Ѿ˴ȥˣЩʱߵĶһġ
ûСνذڰ֣ЩļǵðʬոɾִȾˣҪɾʡ
˵ţҲżϾҵʱѾΪ󺵿նƼݣִ֮ǧ浽ī٣һģ˭֪ܻ졣
Щʱ̫ӵ¿νϷأ˻뾩֮Уѹһ¡ûطִ̰
ʱһɸᡣ
ѵòЩų粻˼һڿڡ
ĻŲ⣬ţЩ߲ٷųһȾ˸ˡ
ȻΪʲôǷųЦȥ˸ȾˣȾˣִȻͻ߲Դͷִܰˣȵֳʱߣҿiôѹ¡
ĻŴ󺧣æȰ£߲ȾͲܿƵˡһھʱʱǴ
˭ǷȥȾˣüȾ߲ȥ٣˵˵ʱߡȹٸǱ飬Ȼͻ֪ݵٲҲ鵽iǱߡʱٰǼȾɱˣ˵ǲˣ޶֤˭ܲõ
˵ţѾһ
Ļż켸ֹǽ˻ȥ˵߲ȾͲܹƵˡصɫ֪ԼִҪȰôԼʱЩʱߵø졣
ջѡ˳Ĭ
л˵
شһǰĵ⣬ӣǿ飬һҪİߡ
ŵĽܿԿ43£ϢȽھ֮Сÿ˶иԵ͹ߵģ⵱жҪɫƽԼ֣Ѿʾˡ
ŮһУΪʲôҪеأΪԭҲǰˣо裬ҪǰѾᵽˣ봨۾ˣѪȣʵڲ̫дŮɫ֮нɫԺӡ
ʣ˵ĹУŮͬŮͬԺޣͱ㵶ӣȻйʲôһ¡Ľɫûи鷽ĵ⡿
֮ݱȽ϶̫Ŀǰдһ飬ǻժѡһΪ⣬Բ±ΪǹºҪһߡ
Լĺϲմ麣ҲΪԭרдһɡ


81
һ棬ʲô˼أ
ʱٻذ¥ľѾͬ˷ǣѲǰ¥Ǹ˱ϢЦĳġ
úܿ죬Լ뿪*ͺݺѵһǰָʹЦؽӭż䡣Եȣ˵ˣѾ¥·ˡ
º͵ػһЦˣ޷Ҿڴ˴ȡ
֪뿪󣬰¥һղһգЩ绨ĹҲȫȻȲĻڰ¥ʱʢΪˣǸͽһԸǰӷĪɡ
һ߲ظϾ͵һСš
ĲûжϵĲˮȴ뷢Ц
Լֻ˵һͣͻǺʹǰһ㻹Ϲ
ʱż㱻ƿ뷿Ͷ仹Щɼһ·ģֱŶʱԷϢ뿪İ¥˵㾯裬ʣģҺ£뿪¥ǾӦ޹ϵˡ
κμȻֻǰȻ빫Ӵġ
Ŀ޵滨꣬һ˫ˮӯӯҼҲԣֻĬĬᣬβοһ졣
ͼôһޣͻ񣬷·ӣһƬհס֮ǰò״ľĶӵ˾⡣æַģ˵ʲôˣ
Ļȥ۽⣬Ǵۣǿҡüӵвҡ
ͻӲʲôаʯͷԼĽˡĲǶĻԹޣҵʱһֵòͻٵ̬Ӧ˶ԷĿʱǾв̣ʱڲѡ
ֲһ䣬˼ǲԸ檣Ըص¥
ﲻԣ㲻ط¥ˣ
¥ϰģƭȥ¥ҲֻΪұٴڰ¥ˡҧֻίҶȱһˮˣЩʱշת࣬ǻڰ¥ʱա
ͿкᣬԴǿеģױ˵ǡ
֮ǰȥܼвĵ¶īɱ˸ɾһûлʱı˿ɽҲǽһɶֻ滨ģʵϧһ棬ʲô˼أ
Ļס°ڣͬ˵ذ¥ʱҳģ˵ӵⲻ˶áҺ£ԹӲ
ʲôõɴۣĿѣСˣ˵˵ģȻźң
Ȼûʶ׻ڴ۶ı֮УݺݵӡôôȻ֪㣬ΪڳԺڵ𣡡
ʱΪϲˮݸ¶ɫ۾Ҫ𣿹ӻ᲻Σգ
²ˮ侲Щ˼һ󰲸ģ޷£ҲһѲ˸ϵݵһ£ͷҲû취⡣ӦʱҶҡ
Ȼݵ׷ʲô£Ļز׽ͻеĹؼʡ˵ĻУƴճ˶ӦϢ
ʶȤز׷ʣѾץס˶˵İѱھϢ˱֪
־ᣬ˳ס˴΢ĻȣãƽΪء
ֻΪᣬижѣ֣ŵ㲻£ȵЩʱյķͷˣһذ¥ʲôҲԣ
ֱʱ˿̣¶Ц⣬ٶһݣģлӴ
ǰӦøлģҪ޴Ҳ˳

ڴͿеõϢ뿪¥ĵϻط¥
֮£֪ҶӦ˽֮⳯ࡣοҶŹѹ԰¥ֵĻᡣ
ص¥ʱϤľ̤ʵֻ¥п̴Ӷƽϡ費٣߷мּ֮С
в죬æ¥Ҷפİ·䡣
¥ڴ˿ȴ֣Ҷ͡⣬ī边ȻҲڣֻĲ֮ҲϰΪȻϾ˾ҶֵͬƵƵˡ
˴˿վٴλã֪˵ЩʲôҶ΢üͷ¶ɫīɫһƽֻǱ˼״
Ĺ͡һ룬شкüղˣ
Ҷѭ̧ͷڿĹʱҲ¶һ滺Цݣģˡ
ϾӦһġֻϣ⼸ûе鵽¥е⡣ĻһЦٶҶ
ҶȴǺءšһĿŵ䣬ǵҲûе飬Ͼ⼸շ¥Ҳдˡ
ҶĿȥȴΣôˣҲ⼸ճʲô£
ҲǴ£ֻ㲻⼸գ߲
ľȥ߲棿ϲأ
ȵȹᵲסǰ·һԲīڿڣõ߲ģóȻȥСԼҲȾϲ
û뵽Լ뿪˼գ߲ΣôСûչĲϲأڻ𣿡
㲻ôģĲӦ޴󰭡ġ
ӵĲûʲôˣվͺáֻĲûȫ֮ǰҽ黹һ˴ţӴϾпܴȾ˵ġҶû˵꣬ͱڴϣ䲽ŮһϮؾ԰ɴ棬ֻ¶һ˫ˮ
߳ᳵ·ϴ֣ȡɴֱӽȼյ¯С´ãڿڣ㡪⺢ӵף
жʱһƬεš
˵ı飬ͨգԼ˵ˡ֣Ҳף׵ѣ
ðɣ֮أôͲһأǰοԼɫ֮⺢ӵĲ̫ģپ졣ֻЩùĶҪǵյĪӴ
һ񣬡Ҽˣл򡣵ǲ֪գպҲл֮
ޡֻ֣֮Ͱˡ
¶ɫȻ֪īҶĴ򶨷Ƿ֮ȴҲû뵽λٲҽ֡ɢǧҽҩҲüû뵽ĲȻΡΪ
޲Ϊ⣬ҲûʲôҸСӿһǮġһҪҵĻ͵ҩǮѾԩͷ㸶˰ɡ
԰գƳһһԵġԩͷ
ī޵ĻҲ޸飬ֻתģĹﲻؽ̫ϣҲŽվʱߣ߲֢״ʱߣұδΡ
л˵
пǻأĹ


82˶
˶˶ʳ򡣡
ĲܿȻǺ£ֻҶī˵ɫǣ̸Žվǵʱһ¡
ʱߺ󣬾½½˲ٸȾ߲ˣӵơھΣ˶ࡣ
ųЩǴȾˣҶƣǾô˾ʵڹ޴ֶ񶾣һ߲ھӿ롣
īֻԲмͣ񶾵ı׼ȡҿ᲻ݵ±ǡ
ʳߣ֮ҲΪ˾߱ʱ¾زƣȺ쳤ެֳ͢ȴǶԴ󺵼ˣ޶ãֻܲܳΪҵİѱ
ʱļæ׷ʣݣʲô£
Ҷ˵ݴʧһ£Լ̫֮е⡣
֪ݷʲô֮ڽ͡۶һ֪һЩ֮¡
Լյľƶͺʹ֮渵
ҶɫɾתΪ͡ԭĹ⼸վǴЩȥô⣬û뵽Ҳͽˡ
֡Ľīڿڣֵݣ˵ӦѡݸȼãȴƫƫԶѡ˸ԶĺݡκתʹȻĲ
תʹһְȻְߣƹǹϵķʲ۱ͲֽŸɾˣа׻ķֱ߾вݺݿ͵ĵ
Ŀī裬Ǳǵȴʱҡ¶ɫīһĳ˫紺ˮȴǷֹƽ
ѵһдһʼԤ֮𡪡ĺرԼĲ𾪵
⵱׬Ҳŵ˲ٺôҶܿͨйϣֻӦͬһϵƣ˵ǲ͵£ҲӲ˸ϵξԼܶ
ʹһʼһöأīִ˰յĲˮ뱭Уֻˮֻڱйһֱˮ֮У豭տգô
Ŀԣڼǧ˼ʲظ˵ȻҶЦմȾü۽ǣݱɽʢţ޼ʢֻһۣڡ
ĹǺֶΣڿԺٲصǱˡҶԶԶŽ԰ķ¥¥Ҳûٿȥʰ׼ˡ
䲻֪īҶһ۴ʲôʶȴҲ֪Ӧץס۹ؼİѱĿĶڿԸۣԹֻ졣
ȵ˾뿪ֻʣīҶʱҶڿڣжп֮⡣ǰСģû뵽ﾹܽ÷Ŀɳһ´ǶҲҪࡣ
ī۷ɨǸؽյģͬ˵ڴܴľϲ¡
Ҷͬ˼ϸ壬óԹȷ¥һö׮µȹЩʱ飬Ӧֻ߲ĺӡ
ԷֻӦһҡȵĶֵ˳΢»¶һλ߷ǣִֻȵ˰޳ȴǱаƵȹǻҪƯ
ҶĲزīʵһ繵üۣüƳԶɽһ˫̧ͫʱƴɽҹ꺬飬ϴһƬϡǿգʹһȣҲʧɫֻɫ̫Į½Ż֮ȥ⣬˸ҽϸꡣ
˾ĬֱҶȿڣûʲô˵ģ
һ󣬽ն̸ݵĺ֣ǵ߲ǰû˵˴ˡ
ţīɻؿȻʲô˵
ϰ⸱ģҶֻԹԵصīٳǵ߲Ҳˡ˾˻ǾЩţ¥ҲЪҵգϾ˵еòС
īʱʮֵġȻ֪Էǧ㾡δһʧȴܾ籡ѩת˲ڡ
áãīڵͷӦȥδѰأ
ʱͽ£֧ͷҶ
ɡ
īüѵ¶һЦ⣬ǰǰôտû𼱻ǣ˶ŵΪʲô¡
ҶȻܱī٩ȥתӦ¾ŵˣҲԻʱ任ַʽѰ˾
ƲԭϾӵ츳īԴЦȥΪǲ±ϰɸӵĻʱ򡣡
ҶЦֻԷ¥¥¾īٳĵضΣ䲻ϣֽΪ߲ԭ򣬽ȡżм𻺲еˣһ۱ܿʳҪ˻ؼҶڻ
Ǵۻ̰ͣ۵ĴͷӦֻ⵱˱ˮ¥µҶڴĦһµǰɵأΡĦŴ˭Ļʹأ
ıӦһ²״̫ӣ̰īı⡣īƽɤ
Ͼ浹̫ӣǱ˷ԼҲ̰Ǳɨأòʧˡ
˭ôĵӣ˶


䣬겻գѷֲҹ
ž
Ƥһ죬ݺݻƤڱͲİѪ
ˣϽݿڹǩѺɣҲʡƤ֮಻ǣ䲻͵طŪбļҳڹֽŻ졣
ûΪҪϣѱ޴־壬ķʱȻѹش
ѽѽˣ˵ģʱ򣬶˵ģôϾͳ⣿˭أǻñɨʵ˿ڣһǳ˰ɡ
һߵһ߷˵˵˵ݵʳף
ݵݵʱҲģôһֵʱ򣬾ôַࣿ
ʵĬŲ˵˺һſڣл̸ҪҰ͢ǱҲɵӣѲ̵߿ȻҲɡ
ֻЦЬȵֺϣĵĴʹֻʵʵ˾УùôࡣЩòĵġ
ʹٻظ
Ӱһڿڣˣһ㣬Ūʱ͢˲ý
̶ֳҲŪԷΪ⣬һ룬ٺο͢ĹˣҲܲôࡣ
л˵
68£ԭĴ֪ۡͬĹְΪתʹ䲻ϽĳġˮƽޡְϵοΣ֪ͬΪְвΪλеתʹһְ
ʳߣ֮Ҳǹ˾ߣʱ¾زƣȺ쳤ެֳԡѵ


83ҹ
ΪϾӣ
չﻹûգһ¾˳á
ǾĪֵ߲Ļ̻̣йԱ˲١ɾȥ󣬷ʱԴڳһƶסĽ䡣һ飬ЩȻ
Զǧ֮⣬Щأ²飬㲻ˣЩ˾Ȼ
ԭǰ͢ȥֵʳ类˽ˣ˵ʱֻʣһסݵĺָûнֽǶǧʧѡ
˱׷Ϊλǣû뵽Щ򲡶Ϊ˱⴫Ⱦʬ类˽̿ȺҴɣ̫£վסˡ
ŭڳͷؽ̫ѵһ٣һˡ̫ǻججֻ֪ôҲ벻Լһ£Ϊεȫ˸ɾʵ۱;޶ֽۣʧޱȣŭҪǲ鲻˰̫ӾͲҪˡ
̫֮λiѲ٣æʵۿˡ鰸ʱ䡣
ԴһմŭĻ̡̻
̫ӱӸýͷöһǣĹԱ࣬أһʱ侹ȻҲʵİ֡˼ãһ⣬ȴֿ԰ﵽԼˡ

ҹˮɫҲ˼⣬ͤлҶ
໨֦ܵİ˷̨Ⱦ𣬽յ硣ԡŮһ°£źĴ˯ڼͷ˿մʪˮԳ˿Ĺ
ҹ紵ôϻҶͶӰҡҷҶҲȫȻ⣬ֻľϺڰɱӡ
ֱ鱻ӳϤӰҶڿʱԸоɻƿ˴š
ڴ⣬ɫᱡѩ
ҶȣôҲ벻īҹʱԼķ⡣ԭ˾ҲǻϾӵģ
ģΪϾӣԷݵط룬ֹ˴ĿӣҲûкѣֱѯʵӦˣ
ðɣ󷭴Ҳǹ
Ҷ˼һīʺ£ԭ̫Э鰸һ£ǡ
ī΢üԵر¶ͬ˾٣㱾⣬˰ǣȫ
Ҷû̻ش𣬶ǣ̱£ִ£Եöӣ㲻һʯһ壿
Ӧ̫Ӳ鰸ȻԼĿһݲɣʧ̫Ǵ˰϶ңܹɹưҲز˶ʧġ˰Уǲıһ֮аҪɫ̫ܷӮңҡҡ׹̫֮λָһiѾʱܱק̫ӱ
ǵκһ󣬶Ҷľ档෴ܽ˰ˮ̫ܾˣʣµĻӻŮ͸вԸҪࡣ
ʣµĻӻŮУǸ̫iҪСµƽӹ֮ĸƽƽ̫ӿԼĸҡǸֻ֪ԵçĻӳȻЩӣĸҷĸҲֻ֪Ժ֣߻Ǹտɵ͡ȥӾûһ̳дͳ
ʣµλĺɹڳŮ鳤Ϊǵ£һλþ𡣲ңĿǰҲûдѡõ뷨
ˣǻñ͸ҡҡ׹
ҶӣīҲִֻģ̫ڴ˰жϱᣬʰĺӱⶪѣֻһöӣ۴һʼֻΪ۾ˣҪͿʼ޻̫ӡ
һȱģǸɹ͡
Ǹͷѹк󾭲סʣܿ˸߰˰ˡ
ԭԸѧ̫һԵֻڳйй٣Ϊ̫ӾӪ¥֮£н̫ӵǰ֣á
һ£֡ɡľѴ𣬲̫ӵ飬ճϺãɿźݵ֣Ժݵеͼչһʳݡһô´пΪȥĶһ̫ӣ̫ϡͿؽ½
Ǻתʹɹһ£Ȼռ䣬͸ĺôڴкݺ˱ˮ׬
Թһ£Ĵβǲ˿ۣͺ֮ģҲ֪ǰ첻ãԼ̫һ㡣ʶǾľزݣԴӼ˳ݡ
ΪͬһϵƣԼĻ¸Լ£ҲһܲȫȻû뵽Լᱻ۳ߣΪʵʵ̰īδ֣֮ú˽߸ʶǴֱӴͣȻ޶֤
ϧ֪󣬻Լӵİãɱδɹͱץκͨʼĩ齻˸ɾҧסۣ۹˳
ۺܿҲߵ顣
Դˣ˴˱˺ҧ˫˫Է
ϧۣ̰۵ĴͷıҶ֣ڰɱв
ȥԲ鰸ī̧Ȼӡ
û̱ԵҶһЦʲô˼
ī赱ȻҶ룬˰ھУǲ鲻õġݵݣпܱ·;г⡣
ݴʷҲѺݱصļκûϢҲһϺõıѡڻûϢҲ˵Щ˻ûҵʵ
Ȼ֪ҪưȻҪǰݣ˼Ǻ˵ڵĻǱѡ
ݵش˷ҵѸ档Щͷ֣ʤ
֪Ҷߵīߣ˫ͷ㲻𣬰
ͷ΢΢˼ֵ֣һСĿʹ֮棬̵ˮ֣ɥĲ񵽽̵ˣֻͼơ
ҶͷڶߣǸˣʲô㲻𣿡
īóĬҹɫỺҹнû͸ǵ⡣
Ҷ˰رпƣȴĻش
һʲģһһ񻨶ذȻʻƷҲڸëϷķⲢװõذףʵܹɱ˵
պãšīĿ⿴Ҷǽҵѩͥ⣬׼ӵĽڵӳ¹⣬ѩͥ⣬ҲҪ
˷ĵؽ磬ԭʼķֶõġ
л˵
һ¡쵽Ҫˡ
⻰ī֡
հīҲǴĸյ֡Ǻ汻׽ٻīٺŸī衣
˵̬Ǹıģܸˡ
ں᲻ȥʱӦǲġҪѳڣߵӽīʮǰɫгеķţҰǳһͦϲ;ǵЩ㡣
Ȼĸ׹ϵӣīϱ൱θУĶ൱һֻīֲź
ȷʵϿĸѪԵϡ
ôƺǿԵġ


84
һлգȴĺ
Уī˷ȥһ·ɽɽٴнˮеʪ󣬶Ǹ
ҶƿҴƳһ۳⾰ɫֻӺƣ˷ĮɳRϼ˷ɳڱչ⣬ңңйԭɳŤ޺ֺۣܿ챻ɳڸǡ
ַܿ³пϡ
Ҳһͬĺ˪ѩҲͬڽϵĳʪůǳϺĶؼˣŹĻ
Ħѩͥ⣬ӱĽϼȡЩ⡣һֻʶ£ȷǰѵ񻨶ذȻúòʱ΢½ıĿ
īȰ棬ǰ˷Ǿϸѡ*ӣŵùİһ·ѩͥδǰԼذҲغáϾڰزݣǱڰ֣ʵɡ
߶Ƚգڴʱ·;Уڻ˸Сɡ
ʶģ
˯ǻƧǽԫյ棬ҹգ˺ѷεĿ޺ҹɫ
ҹɫͨ
Լǰģ壬ͨþһ·ˣȴǵĮȻ顣
ĮȻضԼڣذɡ
ذɡ
ֻͽ͵ؿŻգһж𺣡
֪˶ã𺣲ƽϢֻ¶ϱڲԫ뽹ڵĲкѷֱ治ԭģյĽ̿Ϣ󣬻ţŻཹϢ
ֻĿģĽʬ塣
ǷĶĸʺӿ̲סŻ
ҲһʶĸŻ
еĶĸȻ֮ɢⲻΡۼ
īٳӵֻ߲̫̫ҽһ䣬Ǵ߲ͷһԸȻ򵥣µĹԱæýͷö
ΪµǱѡ˼Чķ룬շգϾȾĸԴ
һҪŻʱҪյĸ
ܺܿͱȰߣȻǵܷյĻ𺣣˻ƲʵĿ޺ĽϢ
Ϊջ֮ȥʡ
Ȼ֪̫ҽΣȴΪѡֱĽʽ֪һʼͲȥЩݵӣȥȾˣͲЩ硣
֪ԼǻӿĶĸУΪʬǸ̰ĩ·ʱöµŨ
û°ɣڵĶغ̴ӽæѯʡ
Ҷǿס޷
˵ţѹסǻеĶĸУȴȻоĿһʹ
ĵĴʹҪ˺ѷθഩ͸ɫٿȻ԰ף亹Զ们䡣
ʹֻһ˲ܿ͹ƽµסؿڣ֪£㷲


شյʱڣѾû
ڽյ󣬽ڷ磬Щȡ
طҶͥԺ££ѵó̫ԺľܽҲˣǸͷء
ҶʱڱѾ˺£ϵ磬չҲů԰׵ĴǡǰЩ࣬ĺø硣
ͥܽأ׶ɫ棬£ʤ峿˪¶Уɿ÷ʢˡ
ҶЦЦȥľܽػϵ˪¶ľܽ˪˪¶費ޣá
ƿԼҵѵЦҲƽպ࣬ԼҲ泩ϲһ迪úõģרŷڴߣÿնܿˡ
áҶĦľܽصĻ꣬մһ֧ʱͷһ
׵ܽػϣοĿģʺ졣
ʶɢƽĺµ£ѣ
ʱǴ齵ʣҩĿɬ뼸˫۾
£ˡۿģһѾ˲֪ٴΡ
Ҷ֣ȥ۽ǵˮȴԼֵ̧Ҳûˣ֫ǽûڱУ֪
ںδʡ
һӦ𣬴վڴ齱ߣֹȻôʡ
Ҷɫƽһʣʱգֱ˵ͺá
ǳŲˡ²ɣץʱա꣬ٹڱĥŮӣվ̣ί
δɵ¡ҶɫģռһȻЦ⣬֮£˭֪Ψһźء
ƣʴ̡
֪ҶҪԸҪ£ҵһ̵뿪䣬ԸȥҶĸʴ븮
ʴ븮·ϣѾ²⵽ʲôҶ䣬ĬɫҰ׵Ҷʱۿһ죬æڴ齱߹££ʲôҪԸģ
Ƕ¡
˶뿪ֻʣǶʱҶ֣˫ֽһöɵġ
ö뾫£ϿСҶ֣ڿöʱʴʵ£
ȻʶҶϵļƣԺȻƻֱӵڱĻҲСҶԣöķԶȻء
㼴̶Ҫ͵ϡ
ʴؽģֱʯӲǶƤ⣬ʹöУĴУǰһɢǰҶԴϰָٵսиʱգĿΪ
ΪξѾߵһ죿
¡ʴѲֻૡ
Īޣö岻ܽУԺŶǿ޵ʱաҶοʱ˿̣˶ΪֻҪǸණȥǵ·ϣСģһ˻ڰж㡣Ͼˣ̾һϣûй
ʢһȥҶȻҲ֪ʲôôһֱڰм뾩ǵŵˣҲ˲֪Ρ
ⰵе˾˭Ϊûʵۣ
ҶѾȥ룬ʱܽƽתҶϣ֮ء
ʴ֪ҪὫպãҶ񣬡ãͶһὫ͵ϣǡ
Ҷοؿʴãҵ
ʴ뿪ټķֻʣҶһˡҩЩ̱ǵζڷ䣬չ͸ɴĴɢʶ͵ĹӰڲϵŮεҲҪɢƵĹС
Ҳɿԣְȴ磬йϷʶķԭҰӴѩպٹ⡣
Ǳĵľܽأ˪ѩʢݱ¡
Щʱգһתĺ
ԭѾĥ֮ãõѾ֢ĥ͸塣
ҶһѳƵ̾Сĺ֡
ⱾҶճʱйõһһΪҶãһԼ¡ΪĦͨ覡
ҵؿţĦĶȴᡣ
ʵϽ߲Ѫɫ÷
л˵
Ӻƣ˷ĮɳRϼлѩ
ɿԣְ𡣡䡶С
⻰ԤաСıŮӺˡȤĶ߱Եȥһ¡
пڴxС̫ŮһƪӲظϷݣһǽԶдⱾͬܶࡣ
һЩĻżwbǵ/΢ͿԿ
һɳܣ̰һȫͼռС
̰ͼ壬Ҳһȡ
գڼߣȴ˲޲ͬ


85
ԭҲΪᡣ
С㡣Ϣسīķڣ
ǰŮδ̧ͷȻע棬ֻñǻšһʾлֱ˵
һɤǱߵϢҶѪˡ
ΪϢ㹻ش˭֪īһֳǣĿע棬ƺ˼˺ܾãſڣΣ
Ϣúһֹۡ벹Ѿīٸˡ
õĳĬīӰڷӰпֻ޲ɤǿǳŲˡ
Ȼ֪ҶīҪʲôҲѲ³һ
ŹٹҲϵīˣϾڲھǣҪҪȥӦ
ýӦīаǩڵҫ¹𣬡һҪڰ˱ҶĲõնõһЩڰлĶˡ
ķԸְ뿪
īʼûжɫҶĲʱԾǰһʵ̫ңҶͽӦʬɽķѩһص߹أʱûΪܹⳡѩйص˱Ӧʬܹᡣ
ȻҶܹȫõعѾһ漣ڵ·ѩа֮ãҲصĺԭϺӦȥϷů֮ȴֻŲرأ֧ô꣬ʵѵá
ī费ǩֳ
ǰЩʱձ䣬ǿ£ɽˮѩϮˡΪ忣ƩڷѩҶһơվ֡
ۿЩ̣ˮģߣʶȥһƬʪˮ
ī迴ָʪۼȻЦԭҲǻôΪ᣿
뷿ڵİҡ
ˣҪһЩȷԴǡ

û°ɣҶ³ʱ԰׵ɫ̴æеѯʡ
޷ֻǵЩ̴ܿҪ³֣Դв¡
ݵԶϡģ࿤һ·ˡά𣬼ԱѾݳ⹧Ҷĳݡ
ЩԱ˾ݴʷ󣬴ΪݵشƧһ굽ͷҶݵˣԱֵΪڡ
ֱȥݳеκ⼸ԱһҪȴȥվӷϴ
в֪˻ŶӣӷϻܶϺõĲƷҶʣʵʳ֮ζֲ÷ֻ㶯˶Ӿͽһ·۳Ͷ٣ҪȻطϢϯˡ
ȵݵĹԱ뿪ҶŻһصѷ뿪Ϣػ˽ͷ
ݱ֮أֱ߽ɳʴưܲ׷׽顣żˣڣƼݵؤҡ˸ڵĴ룬ͭѵ졣
Ҷƿֵ񣬹ս˽ֱпŵ̡
в㻤أէһΪļҵĹٸšҶĿбӣݴʢװ״ǰץһϸϸ鿴
̵ϰڹ̨ǰݺݵصŰȴֳٳٲڹҶкˣȻȴȲѹסͷصȴѡ
ȵϰڿ޿ʱҶŰĵ·Ż״Уѯʣô
ϰһһ
ҶۣЩ˼ؿ״еףƽ׼Ҳʮң㷭ʮ౶֪ǾϺõףҲġ
ϰЦԭǾĴС㣬ǿûӡ֪֪ݣ׾˵ֵġ
Ҷ֪˵Ҳֱ뿪̡ϰ忴ıӰݺһڣһװʲôˡ
ȥ˼̣Ƶļ۸
еʵҲҶԤ֮УҲΪ׵ġݵۣɼȷʵҲûж
ҪǣϸƹЩףϸ๣񣬸׼СǼӹļdס֣ǲĺ׵ġ
ɼ̰ߵûתЩ̣ҲûСһƶϣЩûͨϾҪ̰۵Щʳ֣򵥵ķʽ뱾ص̷ᡣ
ˣתݵĸȥʱ󣬸еĹԱµĴ˽еӣڿҶʱһôˣϢдòã
ҶϻںδҪ
˰Ǵ㡣
Ӵηأģαȥֳη˾æȰɫֵҲ¹ٲȥʵǰҲˣûʳʲôȥҲʲġ
Ҷ͵ȥȥ
зף˾۴ȥ
ݵĴνղˣͷһε˵ڵݼȼյĵʱεֻЩۡʵĹ߼䣬ǵӰʱ֪Ļˡ
æǰ˫קˣΪѵ죬Ǿ鰸𣡣
Ƕ¡Ҷӹ۶º󣬲ĵظɫ
ֻͷ棬϶ȫ˰̣ɼηƤ֮ࡣ
ݴʷȻ̫ӵˣݣȴ̫ܹϽġȻļҲ᲻б
Ҫʲô㶼ʵش𡣡ƽӣյ˫ɫڻ谵ηŲʳߵ䡣
ʣʡæץסݡ
͵ݵݣô£綼˵ڽʱȫģȵʱȴò
£ֹס̾ϢΪһʼҵңһǮ˵ȵֵ͵ʱһ㡣ɫΪ޹̯֣ЩҲУ͵ݵݣһβȱģҶһֻ۱һֻۣҲʹӦˡյʱҿȻ׶Щףû⣬ܹ֣Щݡ˵˴ʼ̾˭֪
˭֪ЩﻹɳõʵǼвģѾͿˣҶЦ˵
֪ÿһУûһ޹ġ
µĲЩǼвģϲÿļвжʯͷ
ôףˣҶ׷ʡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ¹ڷֲʱҲ׷飬겻ݣճɶáЩгôᱻֵġƫƫӰˡ
ӺݲɹʱӦò˸ɥĲֱʯͷױΡЩӦԺ·ϱġ
ǾǺʱεرЩ̰۵ȥ˺δ
ҶƳһ۲̾Ϣ˴ʲˡ
˼ʱֲץס°ڵһţ⶯һҪȾһҪҰµҪ޶


86ڼ
㾿˭
Դ뿪Ҷ˼ӵ֮
̫һ޵ӹµϧڳռŹؼְλӹӹµµһһΪ޴ǶûʳʲôʵкܶϸֵáЩݵĳӦȥϸһ
Լӱ˽ҹҪ﹤ĿˣҶһ·СݸõĺԺ
Ҫ飬ֱӸôһкˣҹĻҪһ͵͵һһ۾һߴһǷ
ҶµطԺǽӲźԺȥҹɫŲǰź˵Ҫ鶫ǺžȥӣٰЩ֤һٵ
ԭˣӢȻ
ںԺѻУûз̫ҵ˵ʱõ
ʱҲõĳ⣬δüϸ飬ͱЩ֤Ҳ˺Ժѻҡ
Щ¾֮⣬޹⡣ҶƿʱһƬΧ˶ʶۡ
ҶҳѷŵЩ޴ȻʢʱеĶ类գֻ¶ѻĳ
ϸЩ֯Ϊʵס·;м仹пڣмһԸпյһ͵ݡ
˫㣬ʢʳмɰʯҲ̰īõֶΡ
Ҷ˿еʯϸң˳һЩĺɫмϸꡪмϸңֶﶼŲм
Ҷһʱ֪ݵΪʲôм
ӹ룬ȴʼյò𰸡ʶظ˼ʱʶظпЩûܽʵôõ·;ҲЩɰʯҲ©
ԱһͳӼҶޣ͵˷еɳ֮࣬ɳǣͿԱ࣬ŵǽʵ죬ôơ
ɳࣿ
Ҷϸضе֯ɣϸܣȴּͣϷ಻ͬ
ָߵ¶ȻɫҹɫȻ£ԭˡ

īٳǽ
ɳۣ·ӡһ¸ճ۵Ӱ
ʴһǣߴſһЩ
ҹ̣һ·ڸϵīٳǽΪֹ·;˳רѡƫƧĵ·ⱻ˶ϣֻҪ͵
ƥܾǰ㣬˻ֹ˼ҲȻִֹֻܲסƥ
ڿ·İʱûԥ鵶ʲôˣ
ѥĲҶͷߵ˻߳һµ
¹⹴ճ߱Ļȡ
㣬ߡɫͳ
ʵʴ㽻Ҳ뿪Ըڴ˿̵
Ҷĵȷģеȷ߶ʴȻ֪һأҲź˵ԴǡҪʹǽƽʹ˿̲ս
ܡ˴۽ѾѰͻΧ·
ϧܵĵ·˵ˡ
ѰһıһޣȺ۶ȥӰΪҪǿͻϮȥ˭֪ŷȥȻﵶһͷ­
ϧ˷Ӧܿ죬Ѹ׷ν
˲ײƮڵ䱻Ҷ
ʴ˼ɣֵ˴Լʱ
ֱʴٺᵶ¶Էһвʱ¶ɻסµ۾㾿˭Ǳĵ
Ϊκսڱϰ֮ˣƫϰսʱֵӿҪýͻʵࡣ
˽ʱȻõǽƫڲնӿò˵Уʽ䶼бĺۼֱһЩгõĵ
һõնΪƵʽν֮
ʴ׷ʱ˳ֽһ٣Ŀִ粻룬µټҳ̫רע˱ı仯һֱڰй۲ĺ
һ֧ƿնֱϴжûѪѸʧȥ֪Ƶѵ׹ء
ʴԵء
϶µظߺɫĬƬ̺󣬲ż򵥷Ը£ȥʣ˱ˡ
ǡѸǰʴ̧ߡ
ڴ˿̣ƿϮӵὣҲֻüһöһöѾֱֱĺԣһ
һ̣ѾὣͻϮ֮˹Уת˲еʼ֡
㡣ߣֺ
ԼûҪܵĹǣбҪֱ࣬ȡ
һҪʴһҲߡ
Ȼ¶мּкʶ书֣ܹѵмҴ̿͡һԷͬʽĺ£ΪӰӰе񣬱֪ļһİ
ʴУǣ˲ע
˽ǣΪȡʴʱ䣬κ˲ƣߵѵأûиͻƵĻᡣ
书ǿֵʱ뽥·磬𽥳
ۼ񵲿˶ԷĽУмڽʱ
һײ졣
һɫֱײнУͻһбǡǡþ˽롣
ûľ֡
ӰвŮһ£ҹɫһ֣ǰǱɻġ
ᱡͨ͸¹һգӳҶ·
סһ¹⡣
нԽʶˣʶ뽣ศɡһŰߣֻƼݵǣнһǷƷȴֲ֪һ
С㣬ǸԳ֡˵īߣɫ
īֻʾ¡
ңңһƬɫ
̧֣ӣɫ׹ꡣ
һԽзɢҶҡ䣬ֱ硣
ײɻҶ˫ĿڻҶתĳĿ⣬͸Ľбӳգ𣬽еҶ֮֡ÿһνת˺ƿ
֮˿нһֶϽС
䣬˿֣һ˫ָ޳ս֡
һУīƽʺĽУϢļ϶ĿݵصӶԷ㾿˭
µĴһȡ
󿪿ڣɫҪɢڽеײС
Ҳ֪
л˵
ддĲˣ¾ͻһЩÿδϷڡдˬ֮䷴
һīõĽ彣Ǹ顾ǰң彣
ϸ˵ī彣˲ѽһΪԲĸ˳֣ϲǸڳأʱԼʺ
ø鴿Ϊϳص̫ˡôıʯһɫĽԴпմ麵Ը񡿡ǰʵ˶īˡ
紫˵ңսҰҲһͬʧڴĮУʵѽīѰأһֱīѾʶˡ
ڸ趨͹£ҲϸĽÿһԼ趨͹¡
ڸ֣Ҳˡ飬˼


87ж
ܾãڹ˼Щʲô
ӣ֮ڶ
ī轣ʱ༸־ƣǱƵ˲ˡ
һмһߺˣȴʵĽһ棬ô*պȴȫƲⲻԷݡ
ɫĹ߸ЩӰĹһ㺮â׼ǵӰ
編Ƶأһ
ƿ֮Ϯī跴Ӧ죬δֻлص뽣͸ĽȻųĿߣֱ񵲡
תֱӱ任˷˵ķȥ
ųĹΧǰһΣΧ龰ֻʧһ˲ֻܴҴܣȴǱʸֱ
ѪڲҶ䡣
ˣ
ۼԼ죬ǰסīĽ棬ڻ˳ˡ
ǳ˵úܿ죬ת˲¼ž·δ֡
ī貢δóȻȥ׷ֻǿŵѪԼźɫ
ǳ˵֮죬Ϊⰵж
ǳôæʴǳɹ¡ҴС㣬Ӧжˣá
īٻͷһǰ˽֮µĺۼսʡ
ظ

ڰҹģҴ·ɢͷʱԹȥŮ
īߵǮǰ뿴￴ŹţԸ˭βȫƾ顣
ڶԷҹһˣ͵¡
ī⸱ҹ˯ȥͶ̥ܲţ˭֤վ
ԹسʱīųýС
½⣬ࡣ
һɢ
ڶԷܿսʣݸİ袣ѽŻðɡ
Ž뿪ˣīſȥκá
ʱᵽ˴̱ǵĲҩѪζŮػأ˳һѪˮƳŮϵ˿ڣ˵λòҲѾ˿˻Ĵ˿ڴȻӿһƬࡣȻж˻ԡ
ɫϸ۲˿ڣϸϸΪ
üĵһƬӰ
һֱĵȴջ֣īſѯʣΣ
˿С£ѴеĶ綾ѩ޽ӹʴϰγļʸϸ鿴˵ҲˣѩﲻǼѪҶһԶҩжҲҪڷýҩҩɾȣҲڼܾĥ
ָָʴϵ˿ڣû˵Ҫɼ¶Ӧֻ׽ȥʣýҩ˿Ҳõ;ܣΪʱýҩᶾ
ī貢ѩĶԣֻа취
ϱҲ޲ߣңɣһԡƳ۴ϻԵʴ
ӦīǾͺáЩʱҪʲôҩģܿھǡ˶ᾡѰ
Ҳߣһû˵ءס뿪ī裬ⶾһ鷳ÿնһΪѪҶҩҩǽҩȱһζҩҩ䲻ĵرҲΪѰòҩҲûٿ棬Ų˼գ취ѰһЩѪҶ
һԴĽ⣬С㣬ȥɹҩġ
īȴס
ȵȡҲǸ˻ѰǣѪҶǱҪҩģôǵѾڼӳеҩ꣬׼˳Ѱˡȥҩī˼ܣǱڵΣաԺлҲ˵֣һĨ䵭ĻȣңҲһѩһҪѪҶζҩ
޿ʼΪҽκ󣬱㽫޹˵ȶ˷䡣
ī뽭ͬڸڻȼ䣬ɫϼ͸ҹĻȾʵĹ
սӴЩˣοīȻڡ
벽ԶĽ˼һŵЩѵأõļڽѩӵĺ綾书ǿ֮١һ٣˵ԼƶϣпܵģǻҵǧӰˡ
ǡīҲͬƲ⣬ͣ½ŲŻƮĻҶǰǸ˽ֺԼֱ۾Ȼʹ
ԾΣͼڳ˼ץסɵĸľ
ӰȻܲصĶȻøֶȥ顣
ī˫ߺ۾ԼѹŵķŭڳƵȼգǵճ
һĨζЦ⡣
ܾãڹ˼Щʲô

ǱϢˡ
չ͸㴰ڷһƬɫӰ
ԪڼҴҿ괫ţֱ㽫һֽӽ̨Сһ˲ܿ㽫ֽɴ
̴ľӰдֹס˷ܣҶҪˡ
šӦֻŮһӦ
ֻһӰӳ棬ˣ˸롣αƵ̸ĵתš촽⶯ڣ׹Ƽ䡣
һݱһˡ
Ԫڼ磬ȴвͣʲô̬ȣⲻǴõϲ𣿡
Ůֻһ̸ˣɳ̣ݱ»Ũ
ΣʣҶҪˣˡǱ˭˭Ļʵ϶Ҳȥ
һ仰ԴԪڼɫ粻Ϊ޵塣
ŮˣͲܶκҶ٣ҶѾĶԹҶˣҲһĸ󻼡
ҶҪˣ˸ĸ󻼣ûصס߾ֻ֮һмؽ͡
ޡŮ˶ĲͲΪҼǵãҶиŮ
ҶԪڼֻЦǸŮڻǾеӣĹǳɲǵġŲȥǸ⡣
Ҷüۣ͸һָ޺˳ȫȻҶеķâʹԪڼҲûнС
Ůȴ֪ȥĻûУֻת̸ˣǣǣȻҶŮǸõĸκΪʲôǰ仨ˮʢֳǶûס˵㻹Ӧøл棬ǸӸƣӦıҲûᷢ䡣ϧϧֵĻᣬҲûס
ɫݺϪƫƫֶŷļԪڼɫ˼֡
ȴȫȻںԼղжôˣֻۿĳ
ˣԪڼЩ翵ĽǶ࿴ǰ°ɡ
ɤЩ
㣬ȥѰīٳ󷨲ںδѰˣ
л˵
ѩȷһжֲԲ
ǵ书֮Ǻǿ˭ǾΪ˫ǿһǿ
Ϊʲôī书ΪϲѧյĻǵģȷǡ
ŮɫǿдĲˬұǶǿover


88
㷲
С㣬ѾȥˣڳЩģйӦѪҶҩֽ꣬񶼱ܼ
̽һܿī裬¶ɫ
Ԥ֮еĻǹһԼЦô飬ұ
ȥ¥һˡ
īյ¥͡ڵǰܺźԷϾǿԶĹ͡
˾˽ô¥ˣЩʱնھǣҲ֪ġ͡һʺãһ߶ϴ룬＾عľ¶һ
īĿյгıʱ̵Щ̰ƷпԼӱֻǲ˶ʳöɡ
Ȼһںѯʵ͡¥ĿֱߵǱߣ
䲻֪īΪͻȻ𣬵͡ʵش𣬡ǣ֧ܺתϡ
شī¶飬óһֽݸ͡дЩҩģ㰴гʮļ۸չԷ¥壬չõֱӴϻ
͡һֽдĶǸɫҩģʱɶͷԣɷ¥Ǿ¥ҪôҩʲôΪʲôҪϵǮɲһСĿ
ȥī轫дյŻ棬ѵһ죬ԸʱȻûôõԣǿ鷳ǾǮ࣬ԺҸϱ˾Ϳɡ
ǡƬ̣͡ǾûҪī裬պҶʵ˵īķԸͺáԼϰμ˾ֻǰӢϰ¡
һ¡
˵
ָߵ棬ī贽һЦ⴦Ӱ֮Уȥһ飬ʲôˣ˱ѪҶһζҩ

¥߼չҩĵϢ󣬳ҩĿ汻һɨգݸҩ˵£Ҳæһһҩ֮Сһʱҩ֮꣬ǵһȫǱѪҶ
ǧɱһƽ·չδ˴˵ء
ǰӰƿţֻĿȸлҪ伸֡ϢԴǵǰľڵӡ
ˣھеҩ̫࣬ѪҶ֮ˡǵʵǼӲǿѹη壬ؿλϵˣɤЩ
Ŀ⸩¥ǱߵĿأչôһǮǺδģ
Ӱڵأشˣȡġ
Լֱ˿ڵĿһͣŵת˵ʲô
ˣ¥չҩĵǮȷǴϻġӰСĵظ
ŭ⡣
ǼӹѪҶˣǵ¥ԴȻΪڳʴĻ֮ǵĲ֮ڸԼʴ˾ϵˣһϻ
ʴ˾ͲУԼĲ²⡣
ܡնش˶ԷĻǲȻᱻҷ֡
Ѫӿֱδϵ˿ֶʱʹֻһҩֹʹ
Ӱǵʵˣˡ
ȥ龿˭ʴŭ⣬Ļյ˿˺ѰʹЩõ˵һԡ
ȥȵҶصǣͻἬޱˡ
Ӱֻܰ¡
ʹڴʱҲûժߣõؿԼֱϵ˿ڴ˵ĵطԷһƬࡣĿ䣬ȴְź޻
þĬñ˿ڴá


û͵˵ʳؿɡɶţݺʵĺӾ˫Ŭ֤Լף֮ûãôǼҲ˲߰
Ϊ׵ĺӿĿİͰ͵ؽͣļҲŵͷ
Ǽûãûã
˵ϣѺ˵ıүأҲڱүƤӵ͵ţ
ڵõҶ˼ڵڶշԸݵļѰ
⼸һڿҿûιٵƽ񣬿ҶǸŭԼȫװ̴ӣһڱֱԩӰ㽻˸ɾ
ҶȻ֪⼸ûҲṵ̂۳еʳ̰ˣҲûôʳƾߡ
ֻΪѯʱ⡣
ǴӺʱֵݣʲôطʼ
ǼڰǱֵ߽ģǰźǱߡ
˷ݽİƴݣݡ
;ӴЩݣ
ûûаɡϸ䣬Щү׼ǿЩݡ
ôҶ޳ָϸϸŲ֪ʱݸдĲƬеǾ͹ֲãЩͱǶ޲
Щõõ߳ɳʢ񣬳õ𡣴Ӻݣǲɳ֯ʢװģԺԣڽڱˡңر
ϸһ룬·;Уʲôʱܱ
һ򿪿ڣһҹɳ̫·Ъһҹ̫ˣ˯һѺ͵ıүվڵġ
Ҷóͼǰ·ǵһӣָ
һָָ·ԵһС
Ҷϸ۲ŵͼΧĵΣڷӸһٲʱѯ̴ӣ·򸽽ٲʲô
ؿٲļʺϹȡƽ·ҲܶԶ֮
ȴڵͼϹ˼λãǼĳڰ֣ˣǿ뿪ˡ֮ǰǵȥſǮ
򵱼ЦݵǣﻹǵҶ֮ǰɷģֻüĿĹҪƯ߸˵ȥſǮȥˡ
ͼһӵУȥٲ̽飬һȦĵط߶Ｘ䣬ҷԸɼסˣ
ǣΪá
תֿӣٴˣӳĳ޿ʼһЩʱʯ˳˳ǣܲ˳ϣҵЩʯȥ˺δ
ڱԸ˰ź½½ظ뿪ܿ췿ֻʣҶһˡ
ڻⲽԼ˼ӵǰ˹գҪģ֤ԼĲ²⡣
Ŀ⿴⣬һƬžˡ·ǰĿѾȻ޴档
ֻǰһȷзذ׵λá
עģӵ࣬ݳУѾ˲ټ鰸ˡ
㷲Ϊһܿȫòˮʯ֮£ֵöൣǡǵԴδ֪
ڵʲôī٣
л˵
аݶһƪϲƷдرôиƷ
ҷǳԼľߵչ
ƪĸȣǰڻҵΪרŲظ½ߣһظɣһ㲻õġ
һҲ⻰Ҳ⻰ĶڱĵԽɫ
ƪĳκ磬ܹܶ˼÷ǳ֮磬ʱԼʶҲ㣬õнɫԶࡣұҲ̻λŮһֲĻȥŬһŮԸѺõʱһ̡
Ա֤ǣĵнɫֻżֵȽɫصнɫ˿ĸ֮⣬ûɫ
ĸˣֻڱ˿żҪΪ˿̻ļͥǺгԲģ۽Ը񡣶һһЩҪ趨У˵㲻ԡ
ɫ䲻һǴĻҲиԵ͹£ҵıΪλṩḻĶ֣Ͼֲ̫Ҳ͹ǵǿ󡣲пޣ߹⣬Էġ
ֻǰддƯǿŮܸǮȨĹ£ȨҰģŮõҽ


89
ϢصѪ֮С
ڻĺڰץסʶʴȸܵľǻ·ʹŵпɬҩ㡣ҩµײУ㱼˵Ľ̸ϧѵ˼ɣС
ʴָ⶯˶Ҫۡ
ӴˡǲЩʱյࡣĶܿ챻˲һָֻĶ䡣
һ䵭ɤԤĿࡣ
Ȼλϰ䣬ǿĵӶڡĻˡ
Ǹ䵭ɤûд
ʴصյĹһʱģŽɴŮܽ棬һϮɫ֯ȹСбָ̧򢣬ϸɫ쳣
Щ඾δ壬Щʱջ谴ʱҩûаֽٵָ»˵ԼϵҲҪúõϾΪ˷ֹӣ˿ڴⶼˡû֮ǰҪҵĶ䡣
ԹԵ˵࣬ʴãջҡҡͷˣǸûѵģ˵ôʲôá
á˭֪ɫ԰׵ʴȻ˵ͷɳƵҶˡ
޵ɫɲ츴תΪϲЦ۽¶ΪĻѵᣬʶѣָñԤĻҪá
һԿ䣬ѩľ綾̻ܰԺҵ𻹸ٷһ
Ŵ֣ɣҲûʲô󰭣ʶѣӦÿԽ
O@ŲɴƵĴ𣬴һ磬Ƴѩ¡ذʤѩǧ˿δκ䣬شڼ
ӳһˮīüۡ
ûʲô󰭣ڴ˵غУ²̫ġ
ʴҪĦԼѰʲôʲīֽöģ֮ǰ·ڳеΪ·մ˶ѪѾӵˡúãҶʱֽɡ
Ѱһʯأʴ½պá
ֹīֽɻ󣬡ƽڲھǣȥݲ鰸ˣŻЩʱա
Լûڣ㽫Լɻһһˡʴм֮࣬׹֡ԼĿģѾ֪һ
ʴѵЦЦڿڣֻл֮
Ƭ죬īҡͷءƽףھʱ鷳Ȼ
ںŮˮʴھ泩࣬ڴϰûʹա
ԷԴ֪ЩʲôһŴ𣬡ī衣
㹻Ժյϣ㹻֡һ֣ʴ¶ȻЦ⣬ԭǼ˾ˡ
ô˵ʴҲԾû㱡кܶûǣеļ˾ǸɫˣŮҲѾǳģ
һ룬īҶҲµͣɼˮ´Ҵҡ
̾ʴǵ˾ʲô飬ֵöԷðķԼ
м˾ѣ˷ࡣ
ŮƺȫȻ֪룬ֻǳһЦ԰ǰҶī֮൱
ʴ֪ǰЩѪ۰ֻ߲Ŀ֮ԡ
ȻԼѱī£޴󰭣ൣ֮£ҵȺˡ
Ҵǽ֣о㡣ǵ书ǿǺöԸĽɫԳʱҲóȻȥ׷ǡīҲδһֳ˼װѵأ书Ǻ֣õĶҩӣƲǻҵӰһӰеľӢǧ
ǡʴǰǸ˵Ľ֣нʶظϱסī󣬡Ǹ˽֣书·ǳϤкܶ౱ĺۼһǱˡ
һʯǧˣȴԣһƬĳš
ʴ˵Ϣ̫𾪣ī趼˷ʴ֣Լֱۡ
Ǹ˽ʱСҲһĶҲ˵һѩ־綾Ƿ龩йѩĽҩһζҩġѪҶˣ֣һζҩһС
īüüĿǣ㲻Լĵǡ
ҵϢûдĻôֻһ൱ΣյƲˡ

ݳǽ
ҹڷߣƧһ㲻𣬱ûҹɫֻżȮּͣɽҰҰ޵ĻþûصɽС
ĻҰУȻһ֨֨ѽѽǳڵʲأ־ŤŤڵһбĳޡ
ҹĻĽҰԵЩɲżʻҲ˵Ż̸ľ⡣
ҪǸǮ࣬ǲٽˡһ˹űԹ˵ֲֹ⸽ǣ
һ˷Ҫֹ࣬ȻЩǮҲĶడڳﶼּأܳԱ
ҲǡԷİοЧãҲ滺ࡣﻹмء
ϾʱڣܳԱѾˡ
˼οõ룬½½ҲˣҲڴҹı
˽̸ţδ·ӳʼղǵӰ
ݳĶ˲书ҶۣҶڻȫȻԼĸ٣ǵĶԻһֲҶС֤Ĳ²⡣
ʱзֵмӦǴʯġһӵݱ·󣬻ɳʢŵסЩƵɳżв㣬²ʢװʯϲǳڵס
ݵĳȫȻ֪ԼΪޣ˽ʯݣٱ֪ؽʯߡ
ʵһʯ֮ߣ͵ݣֽٸĳ͵ЩƾʧĿʯ֮С
һ·ɽ֮Уڿ˻⣬ɽּ𡣰ģұʹ֮þû졣
ڿŵľ̿յĽζ
ɽеұ
ȻǹټҵұҲҹ͵ұ졣
˽Կɣұ󣬶ǰ϶ʲôˣ֮£
ϢǱ֮ȫעؼĶǰͷ
Ȼǵһǰ˿󣬽ͷᳵ·ظöǣұ
עȫұǰȫȻûע⵽ϢǱԼˡ
ĵûĸȾϴĿ졣ֻһʹϢصѪ֮С
л˵
īڳǰװ죺ȫˣֱӺ˷š
ǣī裬űͱˣظš


90Ļ
ֳɣȶ
Ҷʱֻоĵۡ
ʱʹ˿˺ѣѪҺ
ڱʱѾλⱳҪվǽʵʵһɱν󣬵᲻úײǡֻЩΪԼ֣ܵĻĴ㡣
۲ܣƣӳʰøɾȴ˾סĺۼĴլۡõĿͷ
һڣǱ񻨶ذԲС
ҶЦдʵţֻ˸Լеذ*Ҳûз֣Լֶ˵ϡƶԼûзˣ
Լڴ˴Ļ֮˻ûɱĴ㡣ҶҲûһ£ֻ˸λ£ĵϢ
ԼĪʱ鿪ϣһ˻룬ڿҶĿϢʱڣоɻã
˵ĸȻ̫áҶ˻ش˫ۡ
ֻͶ磬˽ۣ֥˵һ湫ӵĺ÷ˡŹƸҶĿгζӡ
ôһ˲鰸ӦõһЩǼżȻ˿ȻأΣˡķ̣ҲȻ治ɫȻǰ¡
Ҷδ׾ӵĻԣֻ̧һЦϧнչһʱǹ˼Լͫ·͸ɫ˿ӵĵ飿
λ£ƺҲ뿴«ʲôҩϴ
һ룬ӦӼǰսݴʷ˵𡣡
ɤӣ
ǰݴʷһְȱʱ̫һ˺Щ򣬲Űݴʷλãʱ̫ӵǸˣټԼ¡պ֮£Ҳײ֡
ϧ֮󣬲ŷ鲢δǰ򵥡˷̫ӵ͸ټİףǸ¹٣ǸͬţΥһܿյİ衣ҲǸʲô׷ˣ쵱һײһӣݴʷλٺ»Ե
ȱˮµĺ֣ٳٲĺԱֵ̰һһֱ쵽ݴ󺵣ֻЩþӪ䣬ڻ첻ȥˡ
ݺһ£˳͢ʵҲ类һڰжϣ֮죬Ҫǣ̫ӵˡ̫ӽֵĻȥһֻҪ⣬̫̡
һĴۺͶľ͡͵ĸӰǧʹΪ̫¡ϧͷȥѧβ˸׵λãֻܵйΪ̫ЩëƤ¡ͼ̫ǰ֤ԼҵʱܿʹӦˡֵݣþͽ䣬̫ǰ꣬˵ճɼã׼۱ˣӺݲɹ̫ҲϡͿشӦ
ǺתʹɹһȻпɲĵط˸;һϵƣϧ۲룬̰۵ĿתϣȻԼֻ˽ˣΪһϣƳȥ޻̫ӣٰɱ޶֤
˵˴ҶЦЦ¶
ϧûҲôһ£鶼˸ɾҧ̫˭ҲûֵáӦҲһʼļƻ̰īһϸ̫Ĩ۵㣬ٽһ֮
ӲԾĵطڣ͵ݵֻʣһףҲ˰˳ɡۣȻûĵӣǶ鱨˼۸ˮȴûôĵֱ͵ϾݴӺ˳ݻкܳһ·;пܱ˷֡ݣˡ
ѰݣֻܽݴʷҴԼҲһͷˮȻ󲻳ʲôɱݲ鰸󣬵һЩüĿ˲²⡣
ݵĳӣԺ˷֮ƽ˷ԴѺͳӵʿͳ򶼻˷ؽǳͶ٣һ·Ϣһû˽ӽӣѺ͵ʿԵأǳһڵݾ˰Щ͵÷ľ·ļٲֱ˳ӵΡû뵽ǻٲߣԴʳɡҲȫ޺ۼҵҵһЩõƬ
ȻҲ˵һݣõǵسõ𣬶ǵõ˷ؽ糣õݱһ·˵ݡݴʷ类ģӸʱֻ۱ֻۡԴϰߣȻ׶ף࣬Ҳ͵ͷյ÷ܣûƵģӵв㣬˲ף²㶼͵˵ʯ
ݵؽԻĻʹ˵󣬺ܿͽв˽˵ʯ͵ȫɳʯ顣һб޷죬һЩмȵڶ׼ʱŷʳѾˡ
ӣ̫㲻ӮңܾˣӮֻ̰ݵˡˣ͢ĳ͵˽ұ״ϣȫˡҶϸע̬仯֪˾ӵΣ
߼ܣֻۣһ⡣棬ָأ󿪿ڣǸݸǳҲʵĽڣȥͱ̰۵ݾȥ˺δһѲĻȣֻһöӶѡ
̹ȻسһµĻʹȻı㣬֪Ҫֻ򣿱Ͼ˷ҲҪһˡ
ĻʹҲӦϾҪѺ͵ʿųԼԺ˷İƣ;·ᣬԼյݶԼ֣۱鲼˷ģҲֻλ˷ڶʹ
֣ɡ⻺³һ֡
Ҷ΢죬ĸ֡
֣˷ڶʹо˾ϣҶû֣кìܡ
ⲻҪóһ˲棬صǣҪһ
ҶٵķһⱾ֣ɸϵ˲в죬Ҳ޿ɾҩ棬Щ˷ľ̰īһһѩĿСⱾ˲󣬶˼Ŀ٣ȴǿ̰۵Ǻϣʾ뼸ص̶ϵݵͼתЩ̡
Ҫϣںڹ߸Լĸ֣ɡ
Ҷδ̻ش𣬶ǰ˲ǲ֪Ұæʲôô
ȻȻЦͬ߳ǫǫӵģ۵ȴЦҲޡӦĻԱ֤ƽ뿪˷
Ҷͣ˲ӻ档¶мĵЦȴƫƫΪüۼ׺ϼּĺâ
һԼĸס
幫Ӵһֺ̣̫ҲֲúãΨ׬Ҫ߸ĸֽ˳ȫˣǰôһæȴֻܱסһʰɡ
֪Ů˲״ӦɫҪʲô
ԷԼļ롣
Щֳɣûȶء
л˵
һЩȽϽյľ飬ҲһЩߣڿؾ֮
⻰
дһƪһ˻ûдõĳ󷢸Ʒ
ѣĺðдֺ͹ͷ
ңȻأŮͬддʲô


91
ܴԸ
üͷ𣬵½ƽƾʲô̸
ҶԿ棬һȴһϣƾ㲻ɱңˡ
µսȭ
ȷζɱҶ˼
Ϊ̫Ǳ߻ݲ鰸˲ӵ࣬ܿһüĿգҲ
û㵽̫鰸˻Ҷ󣬱׼ȷȷķߣܿͽӽࡣǰֻһĬĬŵӣֽȴųѰ
Ҳ̾ʧ㣬ʵ괺ʱһնɱͻ׿أһܲĬĬţڲطâ
ֵĵݣڻûеĴ㡣Ҷʡ͵ĵƣǰִ뱱κֱ֪ҶԼϽ˷֪Ҫ鷳
Ҷһɱ㣬Ҳܲƽ뿪˷ߣܾ
⣬ĺܰҶľܾҲֻЦһǲǾãûнѩͥߣͶûвûΪʲôû
ʲûü˼Ҷеĺ壬սıܻʶزϮĵ档
ܿ죬ʶæܣ̲ȣһɨϮȼ䡣
˺ܿڷСĿռڲ
Ʒ紵̨ϵҲΪкơȭײ졣
κⱻ˸֣Ҷذ·硣
Ҷӽʶײϵ˿ڡһƺߣ˿˺ѣѪҺԷûаֺˣֱӺǯסǰѵ񻨶ذʺ䣬ʱ͸һѪڣȾ˵档
ⰲҶԼʺذףϵ˿ԷϸܵĴʹɱңҲû취뿪䡣
û˵ɱ㣬ˡ̸ֻףƺ̫Ը⣬ôҾֻķʽԸ̸СЦԶ޶ᡣ
ֳɣ㲻ԼʨӴ󿪿ڣʡ
ôҶƫͷʣҰ㽫֣Ƴûκʧ׬³֮Զһѡ
Ⲣδ̻ش𣬶˼
κҶûиϸʱ䣬ʱ䲻ˣˡһܻȥҵӿ¾ͻὫΪȫгˡ
͵ʺ¶ȱеظš
ʯٶʲôôڸɫ
ҶƬ̵μī裬илԼذסһԤϵҶûɵ롣
Ҳʯ١⣬ôı㲻ֻһӣȻõҲŵ¸ණ
ʵҲȥйˣδɵ£ˡ˵ֻΪ⣬ӲӲ޺ô
Ĭţĵ侲
õľĬڶ˼ʣȨúʲôһãҴӦ㡣ϣ³֮ܶһѡ
߾κ˴ַպҪ鷳
Ȩ׺ѡ˻Ǯ֣ɲڽܵС
ŮЦһʺĵɶЩȻܸһѡ

ī
ʳڶ϶ļ֮󣬻Ҷҡ䣬Ҷתƣ˼յɪ֮С
ľ䣬īڵ٣ɿݱ£·Ӳ֪Ϊ㡣
ʴȻ죬ȴûжʣ϶ٻŶصֲұ＾ٿţļһܿ೤ķѩ
ǰ࿴Щ׵Ļʢŵģ
彥ת׼´ʴ£ڸй䡣ʱ䣬Ժī裬ʱܻļ˾̸䡣Ǳ˴ղûҶ
ʵҲ̸ʴ룬µ״֪˾ȻǸġһؼëפصıκˣΨһŮڻھΪʡ
īϣ½ýϸܵõķҲ̽׹飬֦ҶʽͥԺҡӣΪüƽֹ
ۼīվ˸°ҪϢģʴʶȤ׼ˣ˭֪īƽĿɨǱȳ֣ҲһɣݵϢ
īȨԼҶղ鰸Ķ
Щԥһ£ѯԼʧˡ̽ã֪ĶѾûпϢˡ
һҶʧ٣ʴ¶ɫīֻʣɻбҪ
ҡͷ
īʾ¡
˾˲濤Ķ򣿡ʴѯʡ
档īһ˼ʱܰǱǵȣۺܲʱȹǵ򢣬ɫƽʵ̽ãҲ֪Ķ򡣡
޿ȥ鰸ⱻ˶ϡҺʲô⡣
ǰձǧﴫϢϢִī٣ҲҪϺüյʱ䣬ȵ֪ϢʱҲѴʧīǧҲʲôī˻شƺȫȻҶİΣ
˵Ҷ᲻ᱻⶢϣϾݲ鰸һ£Ϊ˷ڶʹȫȻŲʡҲֻĲ²⣬ʵݣҲû˵ʴǡ
ڿʴǵɫʱֿڰҿǶǰݣ˲ͬСʧ٣ȻǣᵽûаϢɼʧ֪ġ
īķʴ࣬ҲЩ˾ƺ˽⿤뵱Ҳǿģһʮ궼ûôʵǸĹҶ̫֪ˡ
˽⡱īû뵽гһջᱻۡ
ֻһЩƶϡջǽͣʶز˼ܣͻȻʧ٣ӦǱ˼ӣ߲ܿ鰸
˵ţһֿ̧ʴдˣҾ˵˽ҶģѸٱ죬ֻĦ򢡣
ʴ˽ݱİӿֻҶİΣΣƽͺá
ƽī贽һǳЦ⣬һţ¶īһ
˵Ը񣬱Ӧһֻһۣ⻨ľ㾡ʧɫ
Լѡȥݲ鰸ģǶȻͼıƽҵǸԴԼҪĶ
˵ֳء


92Ȼ
򰢷Ҫʧȥĸˣô
Ҷݲ鰸ʱһջ˲ϸ˷ڶʹо˾֣Щ̾õġ˶鱨̰Կã˽̰ݡһ˲ǣ͢ڶԱֻ
һݵİ˽Եص̣ǱΪ飬ȡ˾޶
ڵ֪ºŭ֣ɴңǴѳƽز޶ȣΪשԴ澹ȻԵò԰ס
ûռҲն޶Ϊūǧ
Ȿ˲Ҳͳ˳͢еⱾ˲м֣ˣҲһʱڳһѪȷ硣
֣һֱԩѳǮȴǰ϶ʵ粵ùֵĴ˻Ȫ·
ֻ֣ɱѳļҲȴҲ֪ȥ˺δд˵ǽ˻ʵ۱µ˽⡣
̫Ϊֲ𣬶ҲպȻ֣ɵ˲ϣ֣ɲٻ¸ʵۺݺѵһƽ޳ӹᣬӡ
ֵܶ˸Ǳ˭ҲûֺãѪӿճա
Ϊ󻰣Ѳض

ҶⱾ˲켺Ȥõ˴Ϸֵõĺô˰̫ܾˣĿѾɣǱӮҡ
̫ӻûһ޷ǣڸݺ˲ɫԶҶмѡ
еĶķչҶȴٿڻؾ·Ѿյ˱ϢīĴţȫȻȥĳһؼëֻ߳Уҹϻī١
ڻصīʱҹδֱӸĵȥī
ɫϴ˸ɫ
ʴߵīվ̸Ȼرܡ
Ҷ֪ʴ¹شûжī躮ѣͬʴ̸Ҷһ¡
īվԶľ˵̸ֻܿʴöҶУĦöʹͷӰȥ䡣
С£ĽҪˡ
˽̸ãʴҶļ󣬸뿪Ҷ¿ãԶī衣
£Ǳǵȳǣҡҷٿ
һģδˡ֪һʱԽʴϢīҲѵýŵỺ
Ҷҡͷ£ѾˣʴˣȥϢá
īܿҶЩȻͣͣ΢׼ȷˣ
һСˣѾˡҶḧϵ˿ڣϵڣõı
īĲ£㿴
ˣֻƤˣ޷ġҶɲҹֽλҽԹ
ҶִܾīҲټ֣Ŀͣ˿ϣ˵㣿
Էͣ˿ɫе𾪣Ҳ֪
ֻǲ²⣬ӦһĻʹīƽ˵ԼƲ⣬֣ɰɣֻˡ
īȥݲ鰸Ĺ۲ó൹Ҳ֮СھЩϢƲĻסҶԭֻŮ˱ȳ˶һϣֽȴӦǶ೤˼ӣЩˡ
ǣɱңֲ˸סҶߣǰһ⣬˱ԺõøЩ߸֣ɣճɷһ롣ֻ֣Ҳ޹ˣô꣬Ϊ˽հɡ
ֳɣīȱ΢ǣ۽һ㲻ײЦʨӴ󿪿ڣȻӦˡ
ܶ𣿡ҶΪȻǶûκʧЩҲٷྫҪǻǮǱ˴һ徻պ󲻻Ϊ
ô˵ţʲôֵһһֱΡȻ֪̰ʳôܹ޺ۼгʳƾһѰټһɣЩʳûбҪô˽ԶڲأҪô˾Ӫ֮С
ī谲ؿ˼ģ󿪿ڣ֮ǰԣ˽ݣʲôԶ׼ˡ
Ҷ줚[ϧ徻ǳ˶ˡݵľӪҲˡ
ʱ䣬ĪҪʹ֪ѾһǻҲֻڴ˿̰Ӫ̸꣬ӡ
īԣʹҲǼ̵ġҶҲʱ֮˳š
յҶܵЩ⣬Ҳ֮侲֪֮ǰ̸һ¶ֻһڻ˿ʵĶȴԵĲпᡣ

ᣬܵҪƮɢҹɫ
Ҫʧȥˣô
ī̧ۿȥɫ˫ʪˮɫ̻̣һꡣ
޴أˮ֮ץסľһעԼ¹¶˪
ī贽⶯ֹ
Ҷѯʵ⣬д𰸣˵İοͽ޹Ҫ˵࣬īɬվ̵ֲı
ʱʧȥĸףվļҲѱĨȥĸסһֻʣģ
ڴ˿̣ȴֹҶãȻ̿֡
µ󣬿Ϊ忣˪ѩվ֡Ĭãīջѡίظ֪ࡣ
忣˹֮ʡ
һˮٿȻ䣬ڳ޺ۼ
ʵҶ֪𰸣īʱлȻ
ȻʮΪʣĸҶ֪ʱ޿̶֮£ĸפرر⡣˿ʵҲǼɵǰ̸УҲΪ˼˼ĸס
Ҷϱȴʱߡ
ڣҪʧȥʣô
ãȻ޴룬Ȼī£ˮ֮һ㣬ӵסī衣
ӰҲ˵ܹܵ¹Ļȣ·־۶ϡ
īûƿԼͷйε䣬ʪϣʪ󴥸С
̧ۣɫȻ

ƺһλա
һ˫˳ֱرסɫڶϡ
µĲûеʱ䡣һᾡصһ
Ҷӵ·һɢ
йٵ÷磬·϶ѩʢ˲ܵİ÷
л˵
忣˹֮ʡΪسǡ


93ң
˲Ӣĩ·˱ң߽֮
FȻԶɽ˪ȼ糣ûɽ֮䡣
＾壬ڼϴŽǵ⣬սЩϢҲһڡ
ۼһʱûͣƣ¥ԽԽ࣬ڶ¥˵˵̨ǰΧһȦ
Ҷڶ¥ٴߵλãҲֻ˵ĭɡ
˵īżһͨ庮⣬ˣӵأ֮ƣʵɶõĲϡ˼ȥֻңȱһֵΪһЯǰѰõҹؽԴ
ǲɶõϡ䱦мȻӦ쿪¯ұžŰʮһ죬֮ʱ˽ǣֹ磬Բɼ֪ǰ󽣡
ڴʱҲ˱˼ʦȻϣԼĽͣʱңż´˽ɳ󽣵ԽԽ̰࣬˽һ󽣴ᣬ½ǰμӣ߱ɶô˽
ī֪£ŭ˽Ϊң׼ȴϹԶšң󽣴ᲢȤī빫Ϊʱȴˣ˽Ӯǡ
ԴˣңִֻһѰȴʮսʮʤްֱܼһ˪ݣýǵ͡ǳԣǾ˵Ľ̨÷飬Ҳ㵹˴峿ĺɽ϶ǽµĿ̺ۣڻнǰȥհ
ֱϦ*û֮ʱ˽ײǸɢȥ֮ʱ֮佪е˪Ǵѣݵ彣˪ȻңһѰˣ
ң󽣴ϰ϶Ŀףɹõ˹֮˽յңУͨ⣬·ΪңƻָУԴ˽Ϊϲʧãȡ顣
̨˲죬̨ǰ˵ˣ⽣˭֪⽣ô
˵һȣֽýǣҹϾƣ¾ؼ͡
̨һ꣬˵ô󣬲ǲ֪Ǹôӣ
˵ڵ̨һۣңսҰʱҲһʧڴĮ˭֪⽣ʲô
Ҳˣ˲а
Ҳˣ⽣ûˣ
ֽҰһۣڴĲȤ̨ۿɼĻɢɢȥ
ʵҲ⣬˶಻Ӣĩ·˱ң߼֮УܰˣɣһʢѤʵŶΡ
ңˣʷʣҰʷȴ˵硡޷Ƕǰֻǽ׿ս޲ʤˣҲҰĴĮΪʽİ׹ǿڣ˵ȴ
Ҷһյл裬ƷľĹѵΪңҶٵĹ£˵ӵĹ˿̫࣬
ҹۣѩҶ١Ŀ˫赣Ҳ˿м줚[ǺձǰٹպգĬš
ٶʢٶʢҲҡ
˵̨ǰӰϡҶҲٻ˼ȥԡ
¥ٴߵλܻ˿ԴƮ룬ԲǸϲλáڴ˴ŴҲֻΪԴ˴ܺܺõҩϪõĴš
ƬʧҶĿԵϪǰŲתյԼĵӰ
˼ƮǰīĽ̸
ʢǳɫصֲ걻ԼǰŮʶô
Ҷͨҩֻ۲һ֦ҶƬϡƽֲܲȥѩԭŻֲꡣ
ֲ걻īʱֻչ֦ҶҶʱûע⵽ϸڣעī˵֮ϡ
˻Ϊѩһ֦ȡҩɻѪֹʹҩͣѰԻҩͿڼдԣӦپϸӵļӹƳһζҩж߲̱ὥʧȥжûжʱܼЧĽҩⶾҪʱýҩһ;ͣҩᶾԸҪЮж֮˵Ϻöҩ
ī˵ѩһʱҶֻѪӿָ˼ʱص֮Ǿ綾ѩ
Ϊûнҩպϱҩɾȶ
ԡǿѹסзӿĺ⣬ƽѯī衣
ҾʱжʸϱͿ綾ѩҾμʱ˿ڣԽⶾŲѩīָתһɵĻȣȫȻصֲĶԡ
Ҷ¶һ㵥ԳЦԭͬһˡ
ī̽Ŀ⣬ֽ͵ģĸʢǰīţȴڳǽ˽ɱʢҲĸ׵ĸΪڻͻΧϺòӳ˵׷ȴҲ˶Ҽʱ֮ʣңҩɾȡһһٵеĶѩ
īĿִ˼ûԼ֮⡣
ҡϾ֮䣬һֱڼӣ֪ϱҲ۹ˡһʢϵҶŨҵĻں֮УЩ֡
˹ţ˵áī嵭ɤֹסҶƮɢ˼õĶѩȷͬһˡṩһмֵϢ˵ͷ콻֣ͷ书·Ϥбصĺۼ
֮ʣҲ书·ЩϤ
Ժдһߡ
ɱʢϵģͬʴֵͬһˡҶܿԺʳǸԸԵ⣬㻳ڼ飿
ǻɣԼ˫ͫҹɫǺҽʱֱҲͿѩļʸơѩĽҩһζҩΪѪҶͨҩѪҶ򣬷һҩڡ
Ҷָ̧𸴶£յü֧Լص˼
⼸ڣ֪ĸ׵ĲΣҪǱڼ飬ֻƣ
֪ˣظһȥϸŲֱշҩ֮ˡ
˫ֱѩ˿ڴ࣬òɢϸ©롣
Ҷջ˼¿ⵤϪõĴŴ
飬Ļһжʲ塣ڿһϤӰشȺϢ˵Ϫڡ
л˵
Ͼƣ¾ؼ͡ԡׯ˵
岥һң彣Ĺ£һ±ۡ


94߹
޳֪ܶű˶ġ
¯ȣҩ㡣
ָ΢΢̧ӺݵŮջذ֣żڵĿ˵ĽӣϤĵٹЩʱվͿȬ
ֽдɷ壬ݸһԵŮҩѾԸȥץˣԵȡ
ϴεҩǰѯʡ
ǡ
Ľƹ鴹Լֱһ̺ۺȻʸֱƤ˿Ѿϣ˿Χοһ㵭࣬ʱִܸܵʹ
ϴεҩЧ̫ˡ
Ѿ˺һʱգֻһеĲˣȴֱҲδ඾
ϪõƹҲֱ˺ۣ¶ΣĽӣѩ˾綾ⶾɼɣͼ֮ҩͣ඾ԾнҩĵҲԵҩļ
á͵رͷˡ
ŮҩϸãݸĽƹʱӹʱʣǰЩʱǵбѪҶȥҲûͷ
ƹ̾Ϣ֮ǰ˸߼չѪҶʱھҳһ̫࣬ҩˡҵһˣ롣
Ľƹ鲻ԣɫҩ뿪
һȺûõĶ
ЩʱոֳƿصзꡣҶѾݹ⼸շƽ˾ˮѰӿϵ˿ٲϣ
ʢϡꡢʴһвȷأὫҪչ᰿ķЩˣҪԭƽΨеģ˰ĵġ
һ·ߵϪſڣۼ꣬Ľƹü
κι۲һ껹ûͣļֻ׼ðظ
Ԥ֮еȴûϣһɡͷһƬذء
ƹ飬ɣû뵽㡣Ҷɡڶ֮䣬¶΢Ц
ĽƹҩȻսǱѰƽ΢״ɣôڴ˴
ҶָָĲݣڶ¥˻飬Ȥúܣȥ
ޣǽʲôģ˳ҶĻʵ
ң޷ǶǾ󽣣һۣҰ˳ɡظķߡ
ЩпŶ׫ûʲôֵġĽƹȻĸȤңΥʥ̫ʵۣҲͬ顣
Ҷ΢죬ʶ꣬ȻûĽƹңĿ֪ң뿪̫вȴڽɽ𢣬ڼҹգʢֻϧ
ҶĽƹ۵ֻװʵ֪ôȥϪã
Ľƹ޷ģֻǽ꣬תһʱȾ˷纮
ǸעЩģ˷纮ô첻ɡţǲСģسɸ鷳ĲͲˡҶվֱߵķתͷܿڸµ֣ƹ飬ôˣô˱
Ľƹ齫²ȥһСˣµģҲˡ
ҩȥðɣĪʲô̡˵ţĽƹƴǣһɫСƿݸ
ĽƹŲǰΪ˵ûע⣬Ѿ˵䡣
ɡž졣
ҶɡϾעĽƹ鴹ͣúմ˴ƿƿڱᵽϤϢ
ѪҶĿɬζѩĽҩ
㶼֪ˡޱؽƿأָһɣƿӦ飬ʳںɫҺ壬ֺܿ챻ˮˢһƬɫ
ܲң֪ʱ䲻㳤ǰ˵ɫȻĮİҶ֪¶ԼʵĿֻԼûЩ֪
Ľƹ鳶˳ǣ¶Ц⣬ôԸԶҪ֪
֪֪Щ𣿡ҶЦסɡָսֱǽڶףĽƹ飬˵Լ뷨ԼıҶⲻıѣЩ飡
⣿ĽƹͳЦţ˵ˣΪЧΪʲôǳ⣿
˺ް̬֮ȸǼҶŭ𣬡ΪЧʢϣʴЩϵˣЧһץסĽƹ죬ʲô
ĽƹקƽΪǴʹǾҪԼˣΪʲôҪأھʳǲ𣿡ҶӣħΪصǲŻ
ǵģʹЩ˾ĽӴ̫Ҫǣ꣬ЯսΪǣֻܾҶһջƿأȥԶա񵱳ƽһֱάȥʲô
δ˵ֻ꣬оһʹҶѾһȭûκشϣʱһƬףһƬѪۡ
Ц˵ҲЦһ㣡Ҷɡڵ棬ĽƹŭһȭֱļĽƹ飬ڵ߸ϵӰǧʹָɱ㵱ȻӺõòУʳǣʲôʳǣȦ﻿Ҳʳǣȴ׸
Ľƹڳ֣Ҷһŭ֪֪ЩţҪǱ֪㽫ЩȴҪҡǰھô鷳Ҳûȡ
ȴקס͵ײǽ棬Ļ˫ŭȼգƾʲôĽƹ飬ǸʲôƾʲôٶҵҴѡȴҪָֻţ㣬Ϊʲô̫޶ۻججʬλزͣΪʲô񶾹Ѷ壬ٻΪʲôǿֻ˻̨ΪʲôЩӸλȴҪƿ
Ľƹò״ҶѳϢĨȥϵѪַŭʹĵŭȻв֮ģ˵Ĵ󲻾֮ʣǵ̫ʴȣҶһλнյٹ⣿
֮ģ
ƽɫ
ҸҪˣʴǿǳģʢ̶ʱ̹ϰ䣬һͬϰʲôˣѵ֪ôµȥ֣ѵפرصҳЩפر꣬κβЩ֣ȴ˵ҳϣ
޳֪ܶű˶ġ
Ļжӣˮ˿Ϩŭ
̴Ӱعѩͥ⣬ҶӹϢ¡
ʣ棬ɫ䷺һƬ׵ɫ¹⣬˪ѩӳɫǡ
Ľƹ飬ñ֤ɱҡסὣһĽƹȥڵǵ⣬ı£Ȼ֮ݡ
л˵
puaٷ˼Լָˡ
ʵһѾʾҶĽƹ飬һʱ˵±ѾˣҴС¶ҪͣԶԼЩǱ̨ǡԼ£Ҵʲô·֡
ԸʹȻֻ˵


95;
ܱƻ󰡣
Լ֮
ĽƹסнȴǷ벻ף֮ǰʲôôھеʳǵĿֻҪؼԼıӻȻƽգҲɱġҲػصຮ֮أЩ׼κȵʱ죬ԼȢһѵ֮
ΪʲôŵİݶҪ
˼ƮʱȴѾֱӡԵХὣ񵲣ջ˼
ϤҶĽС
ԶʱճҶµĽڣīٺԼҲοϰϤһһʽֱὣʱδԤҶĽУԷתϼƷ˿
ƺԼ֪ʱ򾫽ˡ
ĽƹӣܾǰϤİҶÿһγжֻΪȡ
ͬĹȴݻΪȫȻͬĽУײһ統ֻ꣬ǽ滮Ĳķѩī಻ϵꡣ
ҶĽһűصĺۼпϼ乥ȴּ֮ܵķأÿһγ¶
ǻ˸ǻĻΨһɫ
һνײڶӣüȰ룬ĪҪִԲ򡣡
Ӧֻдǵ㼥Ц⣬ɱңһ
ϱˣƫҶץסһһֱֹȥö֮
һγʱͣ٣ԷĽͱʺֱȡţҶȴֻУǰһ˿ڣѪ죬ۡ
׵ĽĳѪɫôĿ
ֱ˽ƺƫһһٵķʽ
û˻ԭͣҲû˻Ϊ˭פ㡣ͬҶĽɱȣҲ뵱ྶͥ
ǴӺʱһǣִԲģ
ĽƹὣĻ֯ϸܵ
ڽ
ѪѽĽƹȾ죬ȥϾǽϸ˿ڣ䲻ȴ١
ҶһϮ£Ʋϵˮ۾ˮѪҺ
ˮ˿ϣ𲢲ҵϸ೤ʹѪڵ棬ˢɵˮۡ
һ˲ƣһֻвˡ
խ߻ΨѩͥĽ꼻ַ׷ƮѩɫȴƵأһնĽƹֵľ
Ѫɫ罦нҲӦ׹أ㻻ȥʰʱڵĽѾһ߷ɣ󱳱ͻ˳ƽ̵һŲļֹ
ҶȴֻоһѩͥѾǰĵ棬ֻղ壬ɸС
⿴ȥҶɫӰУΨ˫ɫ档
ܿϧˡҸ㵥ĻᣬȻɱңô͸Ϊ˸ۡҶһ˵ţһӶزסĽƹ飬ϧ㻹Щôʱɱ㡣
ĽƹȳһѪĭĿԲҶŲҪִԲ֮¡ĻҵС
ҶšüͷǰǾҶ£ڲŷһھᡣ
뿪ڣȴײ֮˳ɡʮǵɡ÷񳡣̤ѪۣһϮǲȾ粨ڻڰ׷йһ¡
ɡҶͷ÷硣
ˣĪҪꡣī迴ҲδڵĽƹ飬ֻɡΪҶȥꡣ
ĵԼʹǰʱ˺˿ڡҶֻЩʹ˿̵ķŭֺСˣȥһ¾ͺá
ˣĽƹ׷ʣҶɫ糣˵ģ
ǰʱˣһ֪ɼȲģҲ˽⡣Ҷûд𻰣һԵī迪˿ڣȴװģÿЦô
ķԣĽƹžԼȷǺͿˣȻûеһʱΪʲôɵļ˾ڴ˴
θɣҲֲ๡
ȻЩϵġĽ죬ӦĴ˵Ĵ
ī΢Ĵָ΢н¶һ磬ʱ磬ԼɼҶ·֡
ʲôȵĴ΢΢һ£Ͼǲżô
ī費֮Ե춼㲻ϣĽƹȻ֪żһ˵ڼнʵһ˲䣬ȴȻۣҪֱҶס㡪Ȼ㣡
ôҲ뵽ԼֵˣȻǵ˾˵˾տĽڵʱûಡ齵Ĳ
ҶҲ֪ΪĽƹ˼ƳīеĽʣƺǱϾǱϼֵǵıʯʵ̫ۡ
ī½ֱִ󣬴ģĿȻ·Ѱ·߱ϣңϧ֣ûлıˡ
ΪϢʵǹ𾪣Ѫ֮ĽƹֿȳһѪֻܿҶػģᣡܱƻ󰡿
һжԽͣΪʲô䣬Ϊʲôīһʼ࿴ᣬΪҶĹƻ
ƻ󣿡īƺΪ۽Ƕҵ㿪ļ룬Ҳһԡ
ˡҶŶ˵ĶԻ֪ΪЩ֣ڴĽƹ飬˳ǣǱ˹ƻ˵ٻЩ𡣡
Ϊǣ˶ġ
ѩֱͥӱʺĽƹ졣Ҷٿתī裬ֱɱĻ׾ӰϾֱһӰǧʹҸҲȽ㡣
ҲɱһӰǧʹвټֵīתҶϣҲԷġ
ҶʼԵЩͳֻͷͬ⡣
շ֮£һֱںԶĵطԶԶ֪ʶ֮˱վһԽܵ£ɰο֮վԵò԰ףڴ˵
ִֻɡµ飬Ȼȥɣˣͣ˵Ҳ˾
ҶͷȴĿͣīϡɫüĿڳɫīվ֣ġ
Ҷʶסָ⣬Ƚյ껹ҪʶսЩԼĵ¶ůЩ
չ˺Լ
仰ƺ˵ɤᣬֺЦ⣬Ȫʯ֪ˡ
Ҷڽӹ̴ӵɡսת뿪ƺ³ɡʧĻУ˪Ⱦ͸㡣
īһֱĿҶ뿪ſѾĽƹ顣ԶԷߺ޵нỺصιǴʵ򰵺ʱοһƬࡣ
Ҫҡڵʱδ۵׵Ц⣬ϾǻҪദһʱգĽƹ顣
л˵
Բд½ڸҪʱĳ׹θɵģ.jpg
ī裺ν˼ҵˡ


96Ѷ
Ը˿ȸҲӲƽӹ
ˮ£Ľƹ˸ʪ͸̼ӻ
֫ǣ죬΢һǣ˿ڴ˺ѵʹһõƤ⡣
Ųصμ䣬겻յĵξΥ˷ÿͣص˵Ƭ֮ء
ŮеѺĽƹηǰ
˯ˣһĽƹ˫ɵģ΢üͷ˵ˣûҵۣÿ˯ȥŪѡ
ʵߵӰǧʹҲѰˣЩƤ˶㲻ʲôĥΨжϾˮ߲ĥǡ
ǣǣǸղŰ˴ȥ˽вѣ½һע⡣æ
εĿռ䲢ֻǸѰʵ˽ΣԲáϾϲΣյ󻼣նݳİ
ˮĽƹѹòյ۾ʱۣúڿ˵ӰЦһ㲻ˣǲġ
ŨصѪϢЩᣬīſȣ㻹ãĽƹ顣кַܶ
ղһˣкηֱ𡣡ߡ
ЩĥЩĽƹǵǿϡĥ˵ֶ࣬Դ˵ƷʣҲ㲻ʲô۲ͣԶڱϸף԰ꡣ
ԼĸʱĽƹɫϵҲѵ죬ܿƽҸڱ첻ô
óī費ϲڵѪ̴Ѿǳʶض¯ȼѬ㣬̴ľϢüͷЩ
Ҷ֣ҶŹڱļˣīЦŷʡ
⣿Ľƹ̧ͷߵ˫ͨ첼Ѫ˿˿ߺ޵ŭ
īȻЩεȹǵŶͷ
Ľƹʲôĳƫ⣬ȻͬҲҶϡܰԼüΪģߵȴֽҶļºơī֪֮ҲҶʡ͵ĵưɣ
ɱ׽֮ˣȴŹļˣδ޴ˡ
Ľƹȣһʱòŵδ׼صء
ֻƭƭԼɡǣκ˴ҶĲѾ᧿ΣԶ˷ֲԸ뿪ԼƤӵ£ڱҲ޸⣬ҶŽ⣬ʣ³и棬˿áбЦͶӳӰпУûѡ
ͬѡģʵֻΨһ֮⣬һ̺õĵ·
Ľƹ鼤֮²ϵʹηץסˣͲصءҶʲô³ǰ֮λã˼ɵҪ׶κ˽֣*ðķա
īѵ˵ſڣ֪λΪʲôɵô
شּΪȨΪκĹֻ߽֮Ųᱻ˼ɵ˵Ŵɨһۣڷ˾㡣
ΣȾϺս±˲ٵһĴھǣҲûжĴ㣬һʳǣڷˡ
ˣھҲһΣաī費͵شҴûƻʲôֻͬ˱ʽסصԼѡֻΪṩ
ļȻһŨصĲ벻֪ķ꣬Ҳ֪ڷЩʲôǾҶᱻĽƹϲ߹飬ȫȻױļֵڡԷȴ֪ܵسƪۣνĵţ˵ȫ˽ۡ
Ľƹ飬ϲӦ뷨ԸлʵĽ˿ȸҲӲǸƽӹˣû˽ȴΪǵΪԼΪãʵֻԼ١
һ˲ӰҲƮ
īû˵ȥԼҲǷˣȻֻ⡣
ֻǴ˾Լĸף󺦵ԼĸһеĻҽ̸ʲôԣΪͽŻ
䲻ͨ鰮һ£ҲеϲӦ˺֮ϡ
ˣͬ˵ҲǶţ١
ȻԷǲмߣʶܱ˽ƣ治֮¡
Ƶȷʵ٣ܻ˰Ƶͬһ޴ġơǶͬƿصļġѱҲȻϲ
㣬ҲͬЩġԸټ⣬ֻĽƹֱӣĽƹ飬ʹͼصͼӰ緽ʽʱһʹ졣
ѾĥòɭȻЦ⣬롣
޷īָߵϣű¶ȣշ˵ġ
Ľƹץס˵ֲţɭĲ԰ףҪקס°ڣǸӣұƹɣЩҲһ
ȵȹ̺ϣָǶʱһ飬ⶼ˵ˣƫƫͷȫȻ⣬û磬Ҳֲġ
ʱ˿̵ĵУһϮ£ȴгĶ

ī貽뷿ʱеŹӣī鷿޶ҽ鱻ֵ̯ϥϡ
ī谮飬ʵ⸱ģü̲סѵûرǻûеڶ
ⱾżеĲҩмֵΪϲīԣϸⱾŻ桪˳ϵĹӿǣһⱾмֵرʼǡ
˵ţҽŵīϵѪȥɱˣ
īͷһκܻԼΪʲôôһֲбҶ񶾵ӡ
ҲܹޣϾһμīǿնˡȻΪ˾Ϊɱ˲գ۵ӡ˼ʵĻ

īߵλ£Ҫһҩõģĥ壬Ҳˡ
صĹӡ
ȻǺܶ񶾰
Ǽ򵥣ҩҶǡٱҩˡһɷдһҩҩİҩץҸ䣬ڷһӦȫܡ
ڰҩӸī޼Ǳûҽ飬ȻڣʵⱾϵĲټضЩ˼֢ͬ״ƣ󷨵ķɣʧɵˡ
īҲƳҳǿмҽ֮
ޱַһҳûУЩɲڣԶˡ
л˵
ǰ״̬ȥ޸Ԥģȥˡ
ǲддʲôܺá
ݲÿȷʵʵ±ҲдȨıֺѵˣдŷǳۡ
Ҳôҵĵһ飬ʵΪߵĵһȻԴͲĵطڡ
̫ˡ


97Ϧ÷
ȴ÷ᡣ
³ߣĵʮһ
Ҷ̫һ㣬Դīٺ󣬶ֻжһ˶ȹûм㣬ȻҲʧȥ塪ߣ۽ʲôӣҪ̫ѧϿεġ
Ҷú磬ᳵ·ѧڵĸɫѧһߴкһߵԼλ¡
һԵλ֮еػţ˾ҵСȻӲٵҲӲ絽ÿμǲϿεʱ㲻صŷӵѧãݸԣҲ޿κΡ
ֻĳһֲϿε̤ѧʱָصƣƻжʱڷ֪ѧ磬׷ڶ١λѧҵһϣĪҪ衣
⻰īͣ½ŲŷӵҲж԰ֲ䣬ʱҲѧҵϵ裬ֽײд˸򡣡
̨´OO@@ѹֵЦ
˵꣬ޱ·ɫķӣԹԵػصλ˱鷭ȫȻų̂ĭɡҲ޷Ӵδܹʱ
λҲտҲ֮УλСڽϿζ⡣
Ҷó鱾빦Σȴӵ
ȵͭ죬Ͽεʱ䣬˲٣Ҷߵλ£¸档
ҶƳһī裬ԷѾóһ鷭ʱʱעԿȥЩɬۣ֮Ȼſ޹صݡ
˾Ϯְһ㼳ӪӪֻμ˾Ҳĸ׹󣬾Ƚμ˾һְ̨Ϸĭɵؽ徭ʫʲۣԶòϵġ
Ĵһ춯Ҷȥ淭룬СĵλԼĿʱæһƣʾԼҪš
ۼüɫ裬ûз͵͵ڣ˿ñʸӴī󱳣ī裬յĹû
ī迴鿴Ȼ˴ϣз꣬תʱޱ飬˫ڵȥǴűû
īȻ̫ѧϿεݲȤҵǻᰭӦһ¡Ȼ˹εģֻΪ泭ҵҲ̫ǰܱӷ֣ÿζҪͬһͬйȥѵһʵ˷ʱ䣬Դ˺áûֱӴ档
Էıͷִ˴϶ˣкãҳ
ī贽һ㻡ȣʱü۲ƺ䣬Цʱм֮Уϧ˵Ļʵǲõ֪ԴĹΣҲȥ
Ϊ˱ٳĹΣīдһݴ׵Ĺθ泭ʱĲɣҲûϸдʲôֻһܳȥڶշӾƪʹĿҵذȥѵһ
ĸСΪ滹£ϾǿͲС
ȵīת֧ʸ˾ִҶĺ󱳣óһұɣ
Ҷùεݸɳģȫճֱӷ֡
ķģҿ϶ע⡣ҵ˾ǣϲЦտڴӦŽӹΡ
˳ССн˶Աһ͵͵һīĲ顣
ʵҶҲƣֻǱʱͽбʵӣīīϣžܾԵıǮ޿ޣ˶ܵƣ֪Ҳͳ̫ѧеĺѧ
س˹ΣɣſλܹīȻԼǲУʹһ߿һעҲӰĵٶȣһȥѾ˵ףͿ쿴ˡ
ֻҶȥ̨ϷӿӣҲԼ£ֻƫͷ͵͵ī衣
鿴ú棬δԼߡ
ʱīּк黭ҵĺۼʹעּҲͬ˵ҪƯࡣΪϧ鼮˸ȤĶҲҳһΪ¼ֻԼ࿴УʱǵĶ䣬ǻ᲻Ծعÿȥϳɵࡣ
Ҷ۲ϸȫȻûעʱķţĲ֪ƣУͬƺսա
˵òװһķϻڵϢʱһ棬óӸǰīҶ
Ϧҳ̫ѧ·Ͽиᣬźÿ˼һһ
Ҷĵĺᣬ֯ɣ磬ȷϲһϦֿʼԥò¡
īֻһ۾üͷ֪ⶫʲô˵ô
֪Ϊ޹̯֣˭涨ֻˣҾúÿ𣿡
ĻϲҪͳ̹ҶЩԲѣ̹Ȼöᣬ˱лˡ
īöãҲ
ĿҪ࣬λº͵Ůʦ̵գһߡ
ŮʦϸµؽΧĶʽī̱ߣһ飬óһȫȻ̨ڽЩʲôҶ£ҲֻԼװ˾ϸĦ
ֱŮʦףͬѧʱҶҲûָīܴеԼʱڶŮȴ֮ᣬִİӣԼӴĦӡ
̣࣬Ҷֻļöһ˲
̴ľϺڰݺһɱһԵŮī׵ڵһ̺ڰס
ָŰӣ΢ƫͷ֧ãīɫٴ䣬봹ĵؿ̣ƽ޲ģ۵ʧ˫۷
ʶӵĶЩʱյĲԹɫҶȴжϳ岢δʲôȤ˵вͣѳɰơ
̸һ֣޷ǲҶӣҲûӣʵʵ㲻ϲ壿
ԶԷֱ׵⣬ī赹ֲ죬ڴ̧ۣƬ̲ŵ˵ᣬֻǲˣֵͶپ
⻰Ҷ졣
ӽΪӪôҲǶպȤˡ
˵̫Щ˶ԡǲ𣿡̧۵ȴЦӯӯ
ңͬӣδ𡣶Ͼʱʱ֮̧֣ӱ֮УóȷȤ
Цһī赽ѵ̹ϣڻۼ֮ˣȷʵͬʮݺᣬʮһ㣬ǧ仯һҲδ򣬵ȴֻáǲ֡
īָ֣õλ̣ز׺һڣͬɽأϤ޳ȡ
ӣһʱĬֻ÷Ҷ졣
ҶʵĲȷȤˣֻΪˡ
¿ɢѧʱ䣬ѧӱͬ񣬷׷ųɢȥ
īʰ飬׼뿪ʱȴװһóһݸҶ
չ͸գҪŰȾϱ졣
ִٵؽǱҶУҴת뿪ˡ
ҶЩ㵣û뵽Ȼ֪ԼûϵȻԼʱȻ֪īΪԣ֣Ȼһġ
һһ󣬾ݴѾʧס
׷ȥлīȴ뿪īʹӵչ˻ظĳݡ
ʱҶȷգȴ˵Եɡǰ޻ڣΪӪǰִɱգȻ
ʱԼҲûд𰸡
īŻһ£˲Ŵ̽ī֪ںʢʱڣѾˡ
Ǿ׼Ҳʱ롣
Ȼڶʱֵ׳ļ˾īȴǾòлþһ徣ͽ׵īһϮɫɥ˼˾֮λ
̫ѧߵλҲԴ˿ãµŮδͭʱ룬ԡ
ͩٿݣˮȥ
µ֪˱ʱĴ𰸡壬Ϊˣֻݵˡ޹ع޹¡ִӵһ̿ʼжֻб˴ˡ
л˵
ûиΪдһȻʶϦҲпԵıΪ漰͸Իʱдһƪ
һͯ¡
Ϧ֡
īһʶҶʱ꣬ʵʶҲ磬ôһ÷÷ء
ƻжʱڷ֪ѧ磬׷ڶ١䡶Ȱѧ


98ȡѪ
ûѡ
ڵĺԪڣԭŵҲѬȾ
ī費ѬᷢЩҪԡӰ㣬֮²˳ŵķңΨѬ񣬷˷ʿĵҩŸо˳ࡣ
ǰЩ˵ʴ֮ޣΪ⣿ƳһЩμŮطʡ
ʴ֮󾿾Ϊ⣬Ѿ͵ú֪ҲףֻǲԸţʶǰѯһ顣
ر£ʴйپɥ¡̲ԽͣԼƷζк塣
Էװƣ֪λ
䶷һ䣬һ䣬˲ɫ⡣
Ħ鴮յ飬Լأƽٻ
ī΢̧һ΢Ļȡû뵽Ҷû飬ֱ飬Ѿ᧿Σĳ̶ȣҶѡֱ̯ơ
λˣҲʵ֣ҶܿܳŲ죬ÿﶬȱٹʵκ˶ǰӣų֪ҶΣҵĽ
ҶѾ̯ǰΣûжѡ
īûд𻰣ǰ£ֻסڱǣ
һĥĿī̯ذ׵ĲϱѪȾۼܿͽۺãˡ
ϵѪȻӲ۾岻ã
ѯʣȻǹ֮⡣
ҶأȻҲǶԳӰġᣬҪƮɢڵڵС
䣬īַ
ѾסڱǣĿɳƶĥѪۿɼؽ͸˲ϡ
屾뽫ҽתһ룬˾صϢȥֻͽ粨찴ͷעīѪ
סڱǵָΪָڷףذ־䦿Ѫڲ԰׷ɫĳԳһ֮С
޶Եؿīʹ˵ĥα
Ҷһ£ȷҡ֮
Ϻ觵Ĵ鱻Щ˦ţεķϡ
ī˺ѷεؿԣķޱȡ
ī籾һ£ǸԼƢԣӲͬһɽʯǺÿƵĽɫŮ󣬱ѱ࣬ƿأʡʡ
ƫƫಡ⸱ģҲ˶꣬ǰҪ׼ýεĺѡһ鹼ڻҵķҲͷ۵Ϊ¡
ԽԽֻ²˳һжδԤķչѡֻ˳ǰ
ڷ·θҪȳīڰһ¼£岻ʡ
ǿһ£ȷ˾ϡʣگʣȴֻͣ¶ƽϾûʲô飬޻Щġ
ǰκʱȹ̣ޱԫټʱ£̸ֻԴǣԼҪķȥ
ȹֻΪӭԼľѡ
ī˵ǹȻɫ˳˼˰βŵˣٿţ°ɡ
ҶȥҲҪҶ˳Ӻܶ࣬Ҫʶ࣬һõѡ
뵽ʲôֿڵˣ±㲻ùѪˡ
ǣл£ˡīɫƽת뿪˺ԪΣ̶ѩ
һ·īСŮͻȻʱæǰȥ̯־ʱǿȳѪ
ѽҪȥ̫ҽ𣿡СͷһμΣö޳ˡ
īֻǵȥԼǵѪһĵЦˡ

īصʱѾȺʱæһֽš
С㣬Ľƹ鶼ˣǻʹµĵͼںİӰڵ緽ʽ
ī貢Ľƹе֮죬Ľƹ鲢ʲô߲Ļɫղ߲ݣṩҩЩƤ֮Ȼ͸еĶˡ
еĶˣǲǡ
īӹֽţһɣҲ̫
Բ̫ã֮ǰƺ˵˿Ըʹ졪ˣƺҲû˵
īԼ淭һЩƵĵͼеͼŶԱȣü
īʱľʹīҲУɹõʹڵĵͼ
ʹڰ۸ӣڻʹؽ°ȨиǼġ
ҪµĵͼѰһʹ󷨿ܴڵλáץĽƹ鵹ǵȷʡԼȥβȵ㡣
ڲϹŲۿܵλúīͣ¶ʼڴϣŰԸȥƽһˣ̡
Ϣ뿪ˡ
ĺɫ鱻졣
ʱŮĺɫϼ⣬ɫͫο٣ʲô£
ī輫Ĵһ˲ȻЦӯӯᣬȻɼ֮ɫû˵ʲôֻʾҶݡ
ֱ˸λ£ī轫龡ϣ䵭ɤһϢһϢҪһ
ҶӰһЦϢɡ
Ϣǣٹͻگرˡī룬֪ڷЩʲôָͣһ˲Իؼˣ
Щ΢ײĽ꣬ԼҲ֪Դ
Ҷ죬Ȼ֪һ˿ѡرǳ¡֮죬ǳԤϣ֪ī辿аĽɫ
ī費˵Ҳû׷ʣʣǻϢʲô
īԳóһ׶һɵİƿ
ϢǣԼҪȡͷѪ
ҶķӦԤƽ࣬ȤؿǱ׶ôΪǸϢ
ī費⣬ɻĿɨӹ
˵һжļƻ֮УѾȡѪһѵһ𣿡Цŷʡ
룬ȻǺõġīûзϸʢźȡѪõ׶ӣƿҩͰõɴ
ԼҶǴݵѯʡ
ɣȡͷѪ˾ʲô⣬С˵ԼͲˡ
ī迴ӣЩҶ֪֪⾿ζʲôûͬҶϸµؽ͹ͷѪΪѪ䵽֮У񶾵ȡѪҲҪྫָʲôϷ֮¡
̾˿̧ͷҶȡѪһ½һЩϸO@֮һ̧ͷҶ䡣
ʲô¶𾪣˵Ļ˾⡣
ȡѪѵҪ///ôԷɫ糣޳ָƽؽµ¿ۣ¶ڴһƬ𪼡ڵзɫ
ϾȡѪ׶ܸܲ̽ȥȡѪɡ
ī⸱ģѵᵣĶԷͼı
˾īȷͷһμһʱ䲻֪롣ȻҶ˵õȷҲ˺޽ٵԼǰ°ɣ
Զӣ֬ˮȾգվӰвԡ
ûѡȥҩɡ
Ҷ⸱ģֻɫЦЦ
ԣҪȥмĹ̻᲻ᱻǺν顣
ƻ䡣
ˡ
л˵
ʴйپԡԪռ
ī裺ֹ
Ҷǳ̹


99˯
򼡷ڻѩ
Ҷɤīͣһ󣬲תȥ
Ѿ׼ŷӵԭɫƽؿҶ
ҡҷΪ޳һ״ɰɫɫѩǻʢһƬѩ
Ӽÿһǡôһӷ׸һǷѡ
ȻǷ֮ī軹õûȥƫƫ֧ƫͷԼż䣬ЦĿ̹īЩڡ
΢̾˿ߵҶǰ
ָǰͣƬ̱׼ȷҵλãǳǳƬ̣ȷͷȡѪλá
ţ޹ġ
Ҷ˵ЩʲôϺȻһѾһöҩ衣
ֹ۵ҩȫʹ˵ţ۽޵ʹƺʲôõĻ䣬˵ǻǻǳʹһ°ɣһһЩ
Ҷزı仯ԼѾȡѪ
ϧȻī˲ʲôģ׶ʱҶʶס
ʹϣҲܵݹ
ţ˿ҶٵĺīΪҵûа취ƽȣˡ
Ļ˶٣ط
Ҷź֪ջ֣ԭýŵôһΪýЩķء
ȻάŴǵЦ⣬Ӳؿ˸Ц
Ȼī貢Ц׶ڵϷһǣ׼ȷصĿڣһʹ̴Ƥ⡣
亹ʱҶ
ʹϵ׶֮ʹī辭ս쳣ƽȣ޶ද̴ľʹڲ
ֲȥīֻ֣תקס°ڡ
ͷѪƵ׶
*֣Ѿ챻ʹûУָܸܵڼıУڻѩ
īĶƽȣֻʹʱŵĸ֪óٻƺȡѪĹ̳á
ҵڼ˾ˡָīƽקһƬ塣
Ҫ˵Ļīüͷȡ׶׶ѪƿУڳڴڴĨҩԼȻҪԼС
һֻּظҶֱɿԼ°ڡ
ҩ˿ڴӿ˿˿⣬ʣʹЩ䱻һ鲼ϣỺزȥ亹÷㣬ѩƺʹãҶ滺
īҩ˺ɴæﶪĻУ·á
Ҷӹﴩ£٩䣬ƺЩƣſ¿۵Ķٻôô
ͷѪ֮ڣо룬ƣġЩʱҪϢѪƽؽţȴۼҶͷСװ㽥´
㡱ۿҶ˶Ҫ̱ȥʱī輱æַס
һ̽޴󰭣ֻ˯ˡ
ô
īŵط۵οһƬɫࡣ
ǽһδƽһҲЪϢ
ĵ̾ϢһֻܷҶͽԼĴ˯£ǺñҴ˱ǡ
ֻأź˵Ҳֵīˡ
ҶŵԼĴϺīȻʶһ¡Լûط˯ˡ
˼Ƭ̺ǿڻ袡
ŮӺܿƿ䣬С㣬ʲôԸ
ȥԺǼͷ
ī߶꣬Թɫڿī贲˯ŵҶʱѯʵҪС㽫ȥͷ𣿡
īҶȫȻûб˵̸ţȻ˯̾˿أ˯ɣȥ˯ͷС

ҶһΣξӣ޶һЩ¡
μʱڴ깫ܻ͵͵ȥѩѩĽֵȾذףҲҶüޡѩ䣬ͷ
յīٵʱҲһգ׷ѩײɫĸʳţˮۡ
׵һζİľǣΧӭĴĿӣζش
ΨһµͬبŲӲʯԼĿȻ䵭ȴκִ۹⣬Ŀ⾹Ȼࡣ
ʱ֪ʱμ˾īܣĿŮ
ЩڷѩһͷڷҲѩ塣ΨŨ۽µһ˫۾īȴָɾ峺ѩɽǧѩĳγý衣
ĿⱾһӣֵȷζԼĴȴƵҲκ·ֻǾӡ
ѩ೤ĶƺҲҪֱĵϡ
Լֻ֣ȥü޷ѩ
Ҷ֡
ûдѩı෴һȵ¶ȡ
ۣһ˫īɫʮǰ˫۷ƣֻǸ༸䵭롣
˫Ư۾˿ʧգ˼۽ޣ¿
ôīǻѯʡ
Ҷʶ˹Լīգʱˮѹ
ǲˣǰһѱˡٶһ˯ʶģҽڵ
ī貢ûлһ㣬ֻҶԼϵ֡
ҶŻعܣعӕoȻѾƴ䣬չȾʶ͡
ʶáⲻīĴô
ûаԼôī贲ϵļ䣬ڶԷԵؿ󣬽͵ոȡѪ;ƣҷ˯˹ȥֻȽ˯
īֻɵ°ɫۣһͷ˿δаٰ㴹䣬üһ㼫ģײľɫ
ҹԼȥ˯˿ͷκοͷĴ˯ϰߣһҹǳߣ˹صԼʱҶطƺˣƿͷǰһĻҲա
ԭˣҹǶлչˡ
īֻšһԼ鰸ǰ££ҪĻ˯һ
һĻҶȻ˯ˣֻܷ𴲣īѾ鰸ǰʴ
˾ĶҲԵĿ߾µĲ˼̬ʱüۼ֮ȥ䵭ҲЩٻͣ٣ִһǳɣѻۿɼٶȼ١
Ҷûɵ뵽Щ£Ϊ˾ǧ󣬾Ȼ취ڹŪյ飬취⣬ȻҲں˲Ƶļ۸
ţֻԹī账Ҳ
ֱī԰̧ͷ¶ؿ
ô
л˵
Ǵ100½βڶģڿӦдꡣ
ǿ֢ҲȻпдһǿнڶΪڶʵҲˣµĴˡ


100
Ҳ˼ô
ΪʲôҪôʣҶ֣īȻ¿
īıʼŴֻ꣬ǾãҪǰӦҪӦµؿҡ
ôҶ棬īǧͲ֪ʲôʱٻˣ࿴㡣
ͷī裬һٱֻ˱ܸеһֱǵ
Էȴָֻе©ⲻӦٹ£ҲҪ뾩ءٻңңڡ
Ҷָֹסܹǲһģأպˡ㻹ô
Ҷ˼ô
īֻзʣֺܿԼ˴𰸡ȵҶصأĹ磬ļѣȻȨƵλҲԼһǳĹϵҪģΪλ˼Լأ
īΪԼռݶôҪĵλԸάϵĹϵǱ飬湲ͬȡࡣ
ش⣬κҶĿƵעһĹСĿЩԳܣͷرߣܻرһ£Ϊ˵ġ
ҶҲָī̹ϵرԼĿⱻչ̳ɫᣬֻעǣ껹һټֲ֪ʱ룬ܻЩѹ
īִдֵĶһ٣ʼֽ䦿һīۡ
û̧ͷֻ·Ĺģīٳʱǻлټģ

ЩԺ󶼽𣿡ڿ϶ѻ˲ʱ¶
ǣֻҪԸĻǷ¥ƹˡҶ¥Ŀǰơ
Եò֪룬˫ЩŵؽţҴûоӪ¥ľ顣
޷ʵ͡УһġҶ۴⾰ɫǰ԰ĸ¥Ѿȥ¥գԴͱץΣն󣬰¥ȻҲɢҷ¥ľ֣ĸҲѾ̨ˣֻҪƽȾӪû⡣
¥̨ʱ̫ӱ˾Ӫϧһǰء
϶Լҵ̨ȻǷˣֻʲôҪ㡣
ˡ뵽ҪӪһ¥Ļз𣬡ֻǺ¹˿ڴ
еһΣؽšҶƳż⣬ǣ߹ĻЦԸҾӪ¥ÿµӯֻһ֣µĶ㡣¥ÿµӯһʲƵĿЩǮܲǻ£ϾҲҪǼ㲻ǡ
𼸸ӣĵɶ࣬ĶʵΪĻᾡΪڴ
ţӪ¥һ£¥㣬ǻҪһ¡
˵
Ҷ¥ϢӣҪõϢҪļ֪ͨңµãÿ»ܸһΡ
Ȼ֪¥Ҷھеİ׮ҲûԤ뵽ὫҪи
⡱
Ļδü˵ҶѾֹסĻͷԷƱҲ˼ǺľҺͼ˾ͺʹһº󶼺ܿ㣬вԹɫ
ԣھһ˾ȻΣұ㾡ȫΪá
ҶףһЦ⡣
ˣûʿôͻȻ𽫷¥ϣ
⵹˵ˡҶʵٹգ±´گ飬һصءҪ뿪īٻ˺ؾʱ֮٣ȻҲԴ¡㲻㣬մǰϵĹҲһŵùΪ˼룬Ҳ罻С
ǳһЦԽҲġ
ԣҲ¶ϲЦݣóȷΪҶˣ˵ĻڿԹˣϲ
ҶǵЦʼյģ޷ڸüۼɫɽȴֻ֮ȥ
ϸ΢ȻӲĵ۾ȥƺûеĸˡ
Ҷе鴮Դī٣һֱŻصأʮѳִΪص˵ζŹ硣ī٣ʧȥĸīٻһҲʧȥࡣصҲҶʱǰã꽥Ҳȫ֮£ʲôܻȸۡ
ǰеصΪĹеҵĸ븸ס
īʮ꣬Դ˵Ҳȫ޸顣
Ҳףûƽ޹ʵĺôصĸףκˣīԼҵظļ䣬ꡪҲ粻ֻҾͻ˵׶ˡ
ǰôȫ֮أĸҶֻܹһֱģźΪľͺá

īԲûжʱᣬպ´گ飬ҶòƽһƬТģ̼
ҰȻ۷׷ס
ҶʮԵЭΪگһ£˶ףʵԸΨһĶŮ磬˵һƽɡֻõͷˣҶ״Ҳ᧿Σ
¼ĵֻǰּлܿʰװ׼뾩硣
ߵú磬峿δɢȥһꡣŸտǵĳǽ˿ҲˣֻĳݵȴҶϳ
ҶһǧųǵΡǽȴҲûпԼӰ֡
ˣ뿪г̱ûи֪κˣʱҪ뿪Ǹ˲Ҳġ
Ҷջ˼׼ϳֱһ󼱴ٵֹס˶
һȡ
˴Ļںڿʪϣǵˮ
ҶһۣԼ֣æԼ
Ϸ£˫ޱˮʪĿԹ֮ɫǸˣҲǣǰ֪ͨһ
û뵽澹ȻǰͱҶΪжǸǲ뾪ǣұϾҲٲ꣬պҲټĻᡣ
˵պˣǰǾһ۵ġ˵ţԼ죬ңڿԹңϲġ
˵ţһ󣬵ݸһΪɵƽϢæҲûü׼ʲôǰЩȥ٤£˳˸ƽת㣬ƽء
Ҷдƽϸպã޷ģѾյˣл
ƽء
ҲȥҲ죬Ա֮һֻҶ뿪ˡ
װҶһͬʴСѵʱţٵ飬óˣ
ҶӦڵǰٻһ۳¥
岻ֹƺڿ¥һĨذӰĻɳ¥ӰС
ֻһ˲ͩؽԾš

С㣬Ѿ˺ܾˡ磬ķڴվôáעī豳Ӱİ̲סѡ
īԳǱʮǵɫֽɡɡϰ÷񳣬ס¥Ʈ顣һϮɪڱˮմʪοǵˮۡ
עǶӳһ·ȥнԶֱĻӰʧ󣬲Щɬۣڿڣ޷ϾĻǿһһΡ
ǹ鱱Ǭ߸
δϳɳ
ǧѩꡣ
л˵
һ·棬ϣϲܰԼЩڵĶ
Ӧȫ߳ɡ
ھ飬ĿǰǽչһңҲùƣȷʵ׼ȷ֡ĽӦûбȽ϶ǰӵķԲ趨
Ľд߸ʲôлλġ
ĸ»ݻһЩ׵Ҳʹֶеÿ¿Ҷ뿨ʱ䣬Ҫú˼һ¸ֵ߳ľ鴦



101ʸ
ΪΪܼԦİգ

۵ޣ˼аͷ

һ·У·ԻҶսϡ裬ڽ뱱ʱ׷ѩ
Ҷ⣬ָⴥѩʱΪ¶ɪһ¡īٳǵѩǲġ
̾ԭԼѾӦ亮ƮҡķѩҲѾ硣
ݻصֱȥʹӺǰȺ򣬸տ³ʹӵ񣬡ˡ
һΪϵѩ磬ҶҴƳһۣƺǶʱչ˹Լ֣˿̲û˼ѣֻƾģļȥ
һ䣬ȥ
ϵ˸ĽŲֻһ·ѩµĽӡ
Ҷƾż仹׼ȷҵҶס޵Ŷ롣
ž겻ɢҩɬǰܶ̿ܣһ·߶Ҷٸȡ
ڴ齼ģĸף緢ĸףȴԵǰֲ԰ס
ߵߣԼסҶ֣ϣԼĵ¶ܹůЩ
ۿɬڻȻ
һˡ
ҶԻ˯ۣԼɫŮ޷߻δڻ˪ѩ¶һǳЦݡ
ã֪ҵŮһԻģ֣̇ȥ޽ǵѩ
ҶҶڻУ˳Ϣȿ˿ڣСЩҪ㡣
γ֪Ҷ໰˵ڴ˿ĸŮ֮飿Ѿʱ޶࣬иҪҪһһ
ʡŮƵֻɫøЩ
ʴһ£ţĽƹΪ
Ľƹ֣ҶֲԾսЩǣʢϣҲΪϵڼ飬ʵߵӰǧʹҰ͵˾ˣ˾ЩôڣĽƹҲʲô
Ľƹ飬Ҷ̾ϢӱӵǧѡģѧʶƷԾѣͬҶһȥҲñ˴Ӧ˭֪ȴѡһǱĻֻ˵ûɸĻ¡
Ҷƣۣĸл֪£Ҳˣף
ȻһЩ
뵽ԼǰȻҪ֣ҶֻꡣʵӰǧʹȷĳʷҪ࣬Ľƹᱻʵ֮СֻʲôԴеֻһˡ
ղ˵˾ǽչһˣ
ҶһʱûзӦҶʺ£ֻɻءšһ
īܷչʲôã
ҶֲԸҲȻǲƽ޹ʰģҪΪЩʲô
ҶȻȻҪľ£Ϊīٳǣһ»λ
ҶĬţ̿գž졣
Ҷĳɳȱϯһ£ҶһֱĻΡҶڵƷԣҲģԼŮ뷨ҲǱֵ֧̬ȡ˵ҰģҶҲ޷̫ĸλãסҲսʤ˵ˡ
ش󣬲ֻշ˵֧־㹻ġһŲ̽䡣
֪ζʲôһʧܣһͬٲҶʣȴδ֮⣬ֻǵҶʵ
ŮȻ֪Ҷشúܿ죬ûаƣǣѵǻҪΪפر߾ôҪ֪޶ԣӪȣͲҲһĲʹ
ᣬЮŰյŭ
£ҶҲɵ̾Ϣޣβأ
Ҷפرʮ꣬пů֪Ҫ׶κѪսҪű͢Ĳ밵
ŮҲΪô
ԼִӪӦʱûаԥؽŮ乬ܾĥ
˵ҳϣȻ͵Ȼ޴档һʼҶĸԸຮ֮פأȻ㲻ͼǿԼµľӡףֻرҶܹĳ롣
Ҫд£ҪǵĻ̫ࡣȻ֮࣬棬δīٵشϣ཭ˮ󣬱صҲδܹӦǣҶû˵ȥǣӣһһϦܹģѾûôʱˡ
ţ֪Ҳؼڴ˿̣»ҪīǱߵϢҶսҶ֡
£пǹ
ҶֱӣͷҶӣڣҶһʱ㱣·ʱǸ緢ĸ׾ǰ
ʲô£ѯʡ
ۼ⺢¶ɻҶ̾ϢԻ̫ٽ֮һ洧ȡ
ǽһ»λճıｭɽ˭ܲΪ֮ģ
˵ŮǻǶصҶٱ۶˲졣ī˵αҶûһϻɹҪΪ֮ڣѣƼ
īõҲʺϻҵѪС
Ҷȴ̾һ
ĳޡ롣
꿪ӣܵܡ
ңʢս꼻Դ
εȻնУçҲ֮ɢٲ
ճϽܣ˺δٳմңҲΪܻҼɵΪٱܴѹȻٲ
ԭԭ置͵Ĺϵֵ㣬ɽϳɽУԭӴ
մ麲ΪӪ£ˣҲǱסһٻ˺ֻ̾ݣٲ¡ȻˣҲûӹǳ
ҶѡԶ߱ຮ֮פر߾ó͢ɵĳ롣ر߾ůֻҶһԼ֪
Ըı£ҶԼҲֻʲôӣѫֻ̫ԶǰһΡк⣬౻ĥõ̾ԶֽĳԹʹС
Ψīϣ˰ݷţ˶ü˾һְֱȴ֪һֱı㸲
ʱ䣬úģɢ̣Ҳ㹻úŤ
ҶȻδī裬ҲԤϣڳ޽Ⱦгĺӣ֮
ΪΪҰıԣܼԦİ𣿡ҶסҶ֣Ŀ⼫дԵҪ۵ס
̫ĵܹԦֻ˼
Ҫ֪ǰߵ̫һ벻īϵ֧֡īǰһѡ㣬᲻صޣҶĬҶһ׷ʡ
ҶЩֱĸ׵Ŀ⡣
ȻףĸװӣΪԶ
ܻī迴Ŀ⣬ӣҲ˲¶ȣܿܿã
Ŀƽ峺Ӱɫмڼͬսķ
ѡأ
л˵
۵ޣ˼аͷպѻһƬ
Ļbgm


102
ֻһ֮š
šʣҶ˵Щİ
ȻǺ£ĹϵҪд˼֮£Ǳ˴˲¼ɣǴ粽СĸɫУǱʮ£ֻξ㹻ġ
ô·α֤ģ־ֻ᲻Ϊ˳һ˵ô໰Ҷúֵͬദ˽ӯǱӯҽߣ¡
βģ
ͬԶȽթĵ˸˵ǡ
һѪӵҰΪ˸ϧȫˮˣǼΣյĴڡ
ҶɫЩͳ֪ĸԲīǺ׶ɫļˣҪô߸ϲȾҪôΪýѪƫִ񲡣
ҶһֱǵīʱĿ⣬ǰ˻̰
ֻ˶ӣؿԼĵӰ
ƽĶۣīδҪʲôࡣرݶ顣
Ҷ˵ĻǼУҲڴʱΥĸ׵ĺ⣬Ҽˣһһ
Ҷͷ¿ҶС屾һ˵ô໰ƣ
ҶؿҶ񣬼չ£üȾýơҶӵԼĸףɴѩƮҡ˪Ų˰֡
ǰԼĸס
ϧƽûг̫ãҴߵ˵š
£κϮѾ˼ӣ
Ҷ۸˵ЩʲôҶѾ£ȥͺãúϢ
ҶȡһԵϵãһߣһκ٣˭һһ߱
ҶοעҶıӰʧڵķѩС
ʺһֱѹŵĿԸٶƲס*Ҷ뿪ʱҶ
߲ɫ

ָǳ⻮꣬ɫĻһһǳ͸¶飬ͬµѪᡣ
Һ屻СĵռƿУǳǳȥһǳ͸
ϸռһҺ壬īСĵذܷ鷿İС
֮ǰԼͷѪʵ飬Ѿǵһγԣī迴תʱǻ̫Լ֪
մмصķΪӳĻ䣬ͷѪܲѪΪҪԭ֮һ
ɫĻһ׷īָ⣬һûزָ
ǰɣ
ī辭ס룬ָо˾Щ㤡ջǰԵḧһӳĻ꣬ջ˻
ˡ
˿ּ·ĴӳǴصǱմµϡҲįһֻС֮Ѫеּ֮մⱾֻǼ¼ʣʼɢޱ߼ʡûָ˿Щ
īָԼĦЩϵĶʵǳ˲ٿͷ
ڱӺ˵ͷѪѾȡҪĲҲѾ׼òˡҪע󷨵ݣŶݼ֮أҪࡣ
īٷһҳᣬıʼҪּ࣬дºֱͿĨ
š
Ըī裬ڿմдµĹʱҲп̣ұٵ黭һֻһ֮ţķȻǺܹġں쿪뷨ȷֻһ֮ң֮أûԭνףӴıʱЩν̵Ȼһɢĳҡ
ʹīٳ֮ϣԴΪתΨһȱԱӵѪΪöѹλͻƿڡ
մôƪдλٻ󷨵룬ϧڴ˾أûʵֻ󷨼ؼĶֽţɽƣ𽥶̾еλӰ죬һλΪ֮
ַ岻ѣС
ҳĽ䴦һС֡£ȥī٣ðʢ꣬ȴѼ˿Ⱦѩ̾޳ٿѹۣ緢ֽɢ
ҳָһͣջǽҳ˹ȥ
īԺմ÷ĿʱȻ죬С㣬
ʲô
һ𻨾ƣĺ˵ӵĹģһС㳢һȻزĺﻹ˼ƥ˵Сá
һǾƣī豾ûʲôȤȻģǵǱ㿪һѾƣŵԺȥɣȥ
ĺ䣬īΡӦлٻӣһδƽһվǵ
һ룬ĽҶ
Ż棬ī߳š
ʱգҶӦѾñ磬ĸŮžۣȻ˼¡
Ժˮкҡعͬ¶УӿŨ
ԺйͤͤǣипĹ˳ƣʵתһ룬ùҲմ֪īϲµմֵǱҲˡ
ī仨£袳ʺõĹᡪӴ˿ûбԺڹ𻨵ڸǡ
°뱭ƣˣϺõļ
ǽƱ˻ȥ
ƵȷǺþƣϧȷʵԾಢȤ
ǰ·˹ظԼһ£¶ϲƵ治ģ
Ҳġϲ㶼ȥɡƣ˳ˮۡ
ҲֵһƣҲУ״ҲʺϺȾƣǾҽˡ
һŷīһζĿ⿴ԼЩͷƤ顣ôˣ⸱飿
ûʲôīջĿ⣬ֽסƮ𻨣ֻīȰ𻨣ÿ۵ƣ걱ڴ˹˵Ը꣬дա
īжЩ޲꣬Ϊ⣿ǣǡ񳯣ʵûʲôϵҽհ̳ƣΪϲʲô汲޹ϵ㲻ϲ־ƣҲǿԼǵƣҲΪʲôǡ
ģī΢в졣
ȻҵʱһΪǿҵҽҵѪͳҪҵͷѪžƱ˸ۣ˰ǰ汲ڱ׷ɱʱ򣬸û˹Ĺһϣ㡣Ҳû˹ˣεȻ֮Ҳûʲôܷ˵ˡ
εȻˣˣûòǮƣҲûīҶ¸ʲôϮľλְƽô䣬һѣڮûʲôϵˡǸҽģҲ˸Ӵš
޵ɤƮߣС
ֻ㻹ڵ°ˣī衣
ֻѲˡ
ֻǺأǱǵȥͷ𻨷׷ס
л˵
迴˵Ǿʵǰ˽ӯӯҽ߽Է¡ΣиҪעĶ
PSմûнйκŰ̵ʵ飬Կķһֱ봴йأĺǺվȻøоľżĺ䡣
ֻĴҲδȫϵ¡
ҲЩЩҲоĸѣĴͷβֻиһ¡
һֱһˡ


103
ѩ
Ҷѩ븱һͬӪ˪ѩĳɫͦüͶһƬӰ
ʴϸű߹صĽκЩʱƵɧű߾ȻδκټһֱСκ߾Ҳñ߹ذղš
Ҷһ㣬֪κҶصķʶһֱڱ߾ɧűҶӦսٳٲټʵҶصϢ
ԭκɧţɸɶԸҶ棬ֻЩκӲⱣ֪˫۾ƽصϮֻɸͻʷ౾ڵϡ
ɣЩκ˲ⱣǱп
ǲһ֧ͬҳֻ˼Ƭ̺Ҷ˷Ը
л˲ʶҶڿҶ߷ƵüʱѾµݡ
ѾĿתضҶгɫĽʣȣһ統ꡣ

ֻһѰıС򣬷رκ˵ĽӲš
ϵмһƬңûһ̣׷óɢӴܡ
ȻųаյĿֻţЦżߣֵǮʲСκνҲջķᣬϲЦտ׷ȺͬƤ
㶫Ÿ˷䵹ֻóһκ¶м
ֻͷǵȥֻǮˣǰǲﻹж
ȻţʿǽЩڣǰֵܣֲǣܵЩô㶫үү
˲ֻʿעʱߣȴһקס°ڡʿǵ齫´ֻȻ泾ȻüĿ㡣
ǶûȱϴůѵģԼְɣκЦţקŸͬһߣҲЦ
˾ԼҪѣ޷һˡ
ƿ֮Х̵ѪգڻƮѩ
ʱǰѾһᴩͷ­Ȼˤ䣬˫Ŀ𾪶ɴĿ
ͬҲһѰżʸԴڿԶһ˺°׳Ĺлš
˪ʿơ
ڱ߾սκȻʶӵģƾˣΪ˲̵ľ룬ŷѩͷŮӵüĿҶ
ϧûлȥǵӰԶһѾ۷ɣѩ
ѩ
׽ʤѩĿⶼδܿ壬ѱһͷ­
ʿҲɢ׷ѰųнӵκЩֻ֪ƽʿѵصľʱʱɳܣɢӴܡ
׷죬ܿһСеκͱ²׷׹ڼеĿյС
֧ƾ£󣬡еκˣôã
Ϊ׵ŮǣǱѩɫĳٵޕiģ糯ķɣɫĮģͫӳŷµ˪ѩ
ƮѩҰ׵שǽǵı߳ǣһжҰܶɫʣΨƺ£ؼΨһɫ
ֻĮؿȺţ׳ͬȮһ㱻ȦСĿյС
ĴȥʣʣµĶɱˡֻ䶪һ仰
ʲôֲǵͷ­ڳǽ⡣
̻βģ̸ͽ޹ģҶ֪Ⱥŷֻ֪ӵҰޣֻøֱѪȵķʽǽӵĺ
ȺκܿͱߣԶʹİȵѪ£ѩˮཬӳһƬǡ
ҶɱҲûʲôȤɱˣֻǲ
һ֧СڳѲߣһ֧ȥءԸ
Щʱսӵκɢʵʶֻ֯̽һ·ʯѡ
صȴš
ֱŵʿҴææϻأŻˣ
ҶִӭС
ΪһСǣֻһţܿ죬խĳھӿ˺һ֧ӣ˳Ψһĵ·
Ҷ֪ӵκֻ͵նˡǴѾУݻճǡϧѩԽԽ󣬿ƺӡ
ӵͷңңȴû뵽Ǹˡ
㲻ھӪţѾ䵽ȺҰһôСôɹ£ҶЦ
ûϵκɹ¾Ȼ³֪κ˽ıЩʲô
ԷȻҲ¶죬ܿЦּˣصĸû뵽㾹Ȼܹ˾ǵĹ
ֻǻصҵĹ磬㻹һϲҴ˵ļţûʲôҶļΪ
ôɹ¿Ҷɫڿ˵񶾵ĻϻʵۿϷҶ
ڽʵѾɹµͷ­ȥû뵽֮죬ƥܾɹβֻܴԾ£æֵС
֮ڶײһ⣬ʽƬ̵ļЪɹǿƳһ۵УԼսп˼۵ĻڡǸӡ
Ҳ֮ɱСǶʱΪе޳
ɹº˲ǿϮĽУȴǱϲһѪڡ˿ȴǻʹһѪڡ
ɹ£뱣סŹ죬ѧ졣
ҶĿȽи䣬ûи˿ϢĻᡣ
أɱò¡
ƳڲһֱӲӲߡҶһתʼһֱɹµǴСԷĶȻͣЩʼء
ǴܹˣǰɽͬԼʱ˹һΣѾӰ
˻ûꡣѩͥ⻮ɹµ죬¶µס
ɹ·õݺݿôܳܣȿһԼӲ
Ȼ֪ܵĲ˵ɹ¾ս޺ôЩҰκˣҲκЩһľȤûֶɱ
һʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ȿһԼɡҶһĨζЦ
ɹ±ܵؾòԣѾκİ֮ǰפڳűͻΧʿѾһ֧˺ȱڣ뼻֮У
з
Ǿãֻ÷𣿡
֪κ̽Σܹ޼ɵǰӣȻǱгʱʶǰʴ׼һ֧ӦĶ飬Ϊ˴˿̡
ۿһ֧ƾɹҲս̷Ը׼ͻΧҪս̳ˣ
Ҷҵ˿̣ȥŸҶʬɣһݻæ
ߵľڻͻΧΧɱһѪ·æӳ˼ǡ
ҪҪ׷ʴѵڻսҵҶѯʵ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̺ҡͷûдȫı֪жٷʲô㡣Ǵ˴ҲûдΪá
ٵţв
вõԤСϽ

ɹ´һ·ͻΧֱԶ뼻ʮȷû׷󣬲ͣ
ͷһ
ݺһ˦ޡŮˣ漬֡
ˣҲͬҶһġ
û׷ҲûôæôżҶҲû¶棬ҪˡɹЦһ߳ȥ׼ŵȥī٣ԪڼҶҪˣӽµġ
ѾȲˡ
л˵
ԽԽҫأ


104
ʮʮإ壬ҶްҰ
Ҷһ·ӱ޸ϻн
յѩң˷Юű˪գüۡ޴ߴƥٿһЩһЩͻᱧ
ţͿڳſơڿʱ̳嵽ߣ޴ǣסڻˣ¡ˣټһ桭
ĸ׵Ůѵ¶ţ޴صᡣ
ҶһеشߴƥЩϻ̤һ̣ѹֵĿŻɢȥϢ
û˼Щֻܲһеرܣɻѩûס
Ҷ̲סԼΪʲôҪȥǣ̶ȵκȫԴΪ˿ʵԹٵ
ҪЩ˵ӬҪǵֻݺֵȥ
Ĳ¼ΣѵҪΪЩֹĻȥԼĸ׵ʱ
ŬҪصΪȨƣΪٻֻΪ˺ĸžۡ
ڡҶʲôأЮȨŪƣЩν֮ʡ
ţڸϻҶ޵
ĸڵ£ѩ׷ɣüޡ
ôˣѩǰסҶ׼صڡ
ҶȴֹסĶ뿴ѩѾܶûѩˡ
ĸ׽ɫ࣬¶һ嵭Цݡ
ҶȴҶɫ԰ף۵ȴй⣬֪ǻعⷵյףûﲻȥд򡣡
ꡪҶֹ֣סĻҿѩɡ
ҶΣֻҶסѩ
һ˫ֱָСʱҲǣ㿴ѩϧȥī٣ٻʱѾôˡ
Һźһֱźû㳤󡣡
ⲻĴҶԱͷȥҶٿԼͻ̲סᡣ
Ҷ̾ϢƮɢڷѩУ㻹ôᣬô·ҪߣӴΪﶼˡ˼ٶ࣬ıٶ࣬Ϊ̵·վ޵ġ
Ժ·ֻԼˡ
ҶǶ໰ˣ˿ȴϲ˵ţҲΪ֪Լʱ䣬Ĳ¡
㲻ģҶ֪ġվûסȻ
ҶˮһƬģȴȥᣬҪޡΪĸȻҲϣͷأͣҪģϣƽϲ֣˳ݡ
ϣǻĸŮô
Ҷָͬʱһ㡣
ҶģԼСָָڹסҶָãҪǵõҡ
ҶЦ⣬ս֣šͬ˵ﲻҪʲôӦԼȥȡҪǱӦġ
㡣
һġҶǻش𣬺ȻҶѸٱȥͬѩ
ҶʧסҶҪȥ
ꡪҶؿУ΢¶ͬһٵš
ѾʼģƮķѩģһƬذףֻǿ°ڷŵľܽҲ˻лĻʱƮЩꡣ
ӵȴǹ̵ģǻеţͬȻڿŻʧ룬޴غԼҶ֪ԼʱѾлĻδС
á
Ҷģ룬Ҳûźˡ
˵Ψһźֻ
ϧ껨ÿϧĻˡ
ѩֹȴϢҶ֪վʧȥԼΨһˡ
ѲǵԼ˶ã仯ѩˮȴֱ񣬷ѩҲ
شѩ涣Լţ֮Ⱦãã԰ס
ʮʮإ壬ҶްҰŮƽҶλΪ
Ҷģıԣפʮ꣬ȹ̣κηҷ˰ʿ޹鸾ްţ֮ʿΪ֮õ

īұ
ڿϵʱԪڼ˫ּöڲڷ飬ȷżϵݺ󣬲˷ܵվŮˡ
ɹǱߵϢûдҶˣ
ڹϷҳŮֻĵطһҳ飬ĵضһš
Ǵõϲ£ĽݽԪڼ齱ⲽûҶڱĶҪ࣬պɹӦҲɡ
̸ͣڴߣһĽݽĿڣˣλ˭
ŮҶǰľӣǰЩʱϻʵ۰ŻȥˡҶԪڼŮھﱻúȺԭһûаâ
Ľݽ̫Ѩ̫עԪڼԡ̫ã̫࣬ûЩȥһһ˵֡οëһ˻
ֻǾԪڼ޴Ǽϣϵڱĺ£ϣҶˣյϻʵ·Щͻ
ûѡҲһ
з꣬һ̶ݱ»䣬̧ʱһ˫۷粨ת⻨һͬ֯һΡ
䣬žµݿУҡҷ纣˳Ϣˣֻһ۾Ҫ׹˳
Ԫڼĺᶯ˶ʲô侲ȥ
˶˵ĸ˳˯벻ѵĻΣŮ˸
ϲΣյŮˣ˳ƿصĸġ
˸Ҷ㲻ϴ¡Ľݽȵʲôʱɱģˣ
ԪڼһЦһᡣ
˺Щҵˡǻʹĵͼ˵ķѰ󷨿ڵļλãͼˡ
ĽݽŽӹᣬ޳ָһչ
𵱳ʱµ󷨣ڵȷŲ˲λã޷ĵģͼ΢ųһ£ͺҵڵλˡ
̧ۿһģһЦ
ԭôô

˷߳
ӣµϢ
̴ӹ߳ţðǰԹļ̧ͷģ
ǡ
޳ָӹţݵ˺ŷϵĻᣬóеֻֽҴɨһֽۣһֽ֮С
֮еϢ
ڻ˰ҶĲ飬ܳôѾһ漣
ϧҶλӲ
ֻⲢĵķˡ
ǰЩʱҶԼŵģ㹻Ұģ㹻ĵʶ
ֻ
ֻûҶͷͻıӣߵԶأ

īī
īڵƻͨһϢŮΪزųʷŵλһϮǡɥ
һԵʹС㣬ǱߵϢҶްˡ
ī϶δͣزҡ
֮е飬δκβ
ѾûīܵλͽԼĸ׵λá
īһ󣬲ڿڣأվλͻȻͣͣʲôƵģỺһЦڲóΪˡ
վģõȻʧȥԭҶصأӵȨλȴʧȥԼĸס
زīĸĿڣҲ±ʹˮδκ֪ҶⱣЩʱնڷӣѾӭȥˡ
壬ڶһЩˣҲ
ڲһңīվᴭϢţޱѾһ㱡һ˫ȴȻ͸ޱϲΪҶѶ󣬻֮⡣
ҶҲȥˣԼĹֺʱŻήأ
ˣٶٶѪޣٵһҲջһʹ
Ը
ڽӹ袵ȼɫűݣ󽫷¯֮ڡ
ճɻҡ
ī軺뿪ʱֻоһ
ʱϸıƮƮ裬ʱܿ㻯һƬˮۡ
īٵѩΪ硣
л˵
Ϊÿζ½ȡһܱﲻǿ֢Դʼȫĳ½Ŀơ
ƽ£ÿһҪʧȥࡣ
ӽԺҪƺ


105ѩʱ
ϣܶһĹٲܴ˿ࡣ
īٵĶѩΪ硣
ѩƮ£̨ͤ¥īٳǵѩ㣬ᣬȴֲࡣ
¥**ԺڣΪⳡѩˣССĸѩײײţһСһ̤ڻѩˤѩСø޻һԺڻѩҲ񣬲ûˤʹֻ¶*Ҫ
ڴ˿һµŮӷҲϳŮ˾֮ǰ߲ʱΪβĴ󣬾͹Թ޷Ϊȥϻѩ
ѽôôѩţ᳤ġﻹקһѩֲӵ˼ѩ䡣
𨲻⣬ʲô
ֺֻһʹЦŻ𨡣
ǲҪԱ޻æȥеѩҪ㡣
Զͤں¯һյ²衣Ŀͬദ˺ǣȥѩѩʱ¶죬û뵽λδȻôϲСӡ
ϾҲ˵λҽŹңֻԼƢԡԹǧʯҲûͣ࿴һۡ
ī轫豭£ůָ⣬ηʱѾ˺ãͨ覵һŰ׺ڽĮһȾЩֵĹ
ϾͬӺèèദܱദɡ
ҲǡΪȻóһֽţ˾ģ·¥ռϢ˵ЩϢҲһݸҶѾˡ
Ѿǿˡīӹֽţ˳ѵ
ˡҲʶˣ±ǨλѾݡ
īԵĸϢʵйڱϢ
Ļһ󣬡нЩʱչڵµĻⲻ٣½ӭսκŵʤôֹסκⱵĹơЩ˵˵ȥҲʲôֵö
ʲôģøмôī跭һҳֽţǼ
ǵȻӦøмӦңҶλúˣΪססκ˵Ϯڽīټ
īеֽţķػþࡣ
ַ¥󣬿ʲô뷨īһ߷ģȻʡ
ϾҶǰҲԼչһЩŻ¥
ͻȻīס˼һԥŵʵʱҲûʲô뷨ܰѵ·ԸǵһλġһҪ˵Ļٰ⼸ӺúøҲûʲôźˡ
им֮ģҶȷѡһܺõѡ
īû˵û򲻺ãֻ΢̧ۿ¥ÿµķֳɲõǮиЩ뷨
˵뷨ҲеġĿƬ̣˵篸𣿡
ī˽ĵȻ֪Ǹ̻֮ءš
¯ţӳǵĹ⣬ԣһǮº篸ĻܶһĹٲܴ˿ࡣ
ɫᶨġ
΢īֽţֱǣӲҪº篸󵹻Щѣ˵ر˳Ա
ûа취ֻҪϸֶΡܿ첹취ٵȻø˵ļ룬׸
ûӦ𣬶˼ɫī֪ȥˡ
һſڣˣ˾ˣ˵£һ¡
ָ׽԰һ¥ԴͱΣն¥ɢ³ûͼ˰¥ءֻرػصͻȻûǺصôھͿЩʱգҸ߼أҶһһؾˣȥ˲飬ƺ̫ӵˡ
ͱΪ̫Ч¥Ҳ̫йأҲ֮С
أӪ¥
ԥţɫƺǿգҲȷҾòֻǾӪ¥򵥡
̫Ѩڰ¥ʱ򣬡Ϊ¥īٳеλҲãٿ׽ˮϣȥ޸Ҳʱ䡣԰¥ƺҲ̫ӵ˽⣬ǰʱӰ¥޸ۣණһ̾ϧҴǰڰ¥ʱջգֻÿյ¾Ӧ꣬Ҳδ˽һ¡˽⾿ʲôЩʲôҲ֪ˡ
īȴúȤ΢΢ǰ㡣
һ̫Ϊֲ˼˺һʱ䡣ȻΪ֣ɵ˲Уߵߡ
˽½ᵳԶʧնԶࡣ֮˲١
ûлٽ̶ˮ롣
Ǳȥ飬˳ϣ̫ӵð¥ʲô
ǣҼˡһ¡ıЩŮ֮飬ײȤκǣеλԻǽ¼ĺɹԼعԱصʱȷΪˡ
˷λ֮أĺɹԸԶȥ߳ǣī赹ǲô£ĺɹݣδܵࡣ
ҡͷҪĺɹԶޣµ˼ھΪѰְѰ˽˷ڶʹδҲΪ˵µͷ
ָĦյԵīƬ̼йϡ
ҲһĻɣҪĺɹĻһ£⣬ǽ˷ŵԼƤӵ¡
һʯ֮ơ
߳ǾӪ̰꣬ݣ˽ҰĲܷԼ˷Ŀġ
Ȼ취ƾ¡ī֮ǰİݣ֪ĸɽ
ҲϣͷҼǵã⽫ֻǺ֮ǰ򲡴ȥְڻͬһ߳Ѿʳˡ⹪̷ϸ
ɽǹʱֵ׳꣬δ˵ʲôʹºΡǹٺɿĽھеԴ˲
׵Ĺϵáɽһ壬ʱֻһССУξʱһϺõĻ£ԷǸŹŮ˳ɻӵļ壬һ·⽫λáϧ˷ԣͺٲڣ㿷֮ޡܿ޾ѻţ׵⡣
ãĸТô
ī̵űȲ衣
£ΪΪҶҶɥЩ̥ͬҶ˵׵ǰҷ˼
˵ΪҶƾܻ·е²ߣվЧķʽ
յڼϣˮ淺ӳľɫҲ֮顣
Ҳ£ɽûʱտɻˡ
л˵
ܻȽæһ㿨ġ


106
ֻһڣʲô飬
ҹǵƻͨ׵Ľҹغ򣬲˿
ϧ򲢲ټʹԷһǣĻƧ֮ѲߵûҹʱƬľĻƧԷзֻȷϲ޷֮󣬾ʹҴ뿪ˡ
ǼôæȻûзľصһˡ
īһϮ£ŲᣬҹɫԶϢشԷһõĹԷ
ʹԷȻ乬Ҳ֪ĻƧ֮أԺʧޣѾڶʱһЩ乬ֱɡƽʱ˼˲Ը˵մȾ
ʵԿߵĽǶ˵˵زƧǴɽطˮΪһ֮ءԴ˴ĹȻİܣֲ࣬ľʹڶҲ㣬õԵʡ
ϸԷĻδزһ˶ĿֶΡΪڸǻʹصת󷨵ۡ
մĽƹпʳĻʹͼĽһ·еһԷвĳüͿʼѰҷڵĿܵĻءʱ䲢ûл̫ãܿǽһ񣬲лأש¡¡죬Գһص
ڶһöʯӣȷȫīȼ˵صС
صۣ֪˶ã˵׶ˡשʯƽصƶϲûд˴ͨ磬صͨ硣
һ·ǰߣǽשʯ˲ʣī͸ӨɫשʯϽ˷̵·ʯϷɫӫ⡣
īɨһۣͷһʲô飬뷨Ų²һ£ӦñǰõԻҪϡ
ǰߣ̸ܼâʢѾҪõĻ⡣
ǰһĹĻ
֣֮еأûʲô谭ɵش˹ĻҲûκ谭ؿĻ
մ麵ļزûднƣֻлѪ֮ˣԼΪԴͷıѪԽ롣
޹ֺиΪ˼ʹ˵Ҳʲô
ϧ
̧ѾһعſڡɬķĿãſ˶ҹ˵ټĵعīɫשʯڷĵҫ¼͸Լʵһڵשһ̾عУΨβǱһѪɫס̶˳ϵķ
عһܷļ̳ǶɫڣŹĿʯҶڱؼֹʯ
󷨾ܷ֪ڵľҲ֮˶Ȼǵܡ
˵ʵҵĺηܲе󷨣ҲȫȻ֪
ʱޣûټ˼룬ջ˼ʼѸٶ󷨵Ĺ죬Ѱе̵̣ۺġ
нӡ˳Ӧŷߣɢ󷨸ͨķת졣
ڸܵһϤϢһȥ
մ麵ĲϢǣۡ˵ңͨķĶµʴ½ģ
մ󷨴ֽŵλá
մеļأʼģķע󷨣ͨйϡ
ڸܵ·Ĺʱǰһڣ롪󷨵ĸӳ̶ȺԼΪȻǸƴḶ́δ˵ˡ

˷߳
帮ԺƧլԺڣľдУϡ٣ʺϵϢ
ϧ˴լԺڣԺŵĻ̷ŮӰ
ɽڴϣأͬһķ䣬졣ɫ࣬帡ףǽ࣬١
ˡɳſڣڳݶֻ첻ˡ
ϧδ˻Ӧֻͽ͵ڴϴصشϢš
ֱ֮뷿˵⽫ӰͶǽ档
ôˣ˴ߣɫеؿɽ
ڿԼĶʱɽȴ˫ĿԲɣ¶ųŭ⣬ô㣿
ȴԸ׵ų޶ãֱҩ˴ߣ岻ôˣչæظʱЩüҩյ˵ߣúҩˡ
ǰɫ֭ɽܵؿʼų⣬Ҫƿҩÿ
ȻȻȵضУˣúҩġ
ɽȻ֪ǺҩԼÿ£ЩҩȻģӹ
֪ʲôôȻʡ
ȻסɽһʱĬҲ֮УֻԹԵؼļգ·æ˳죬Ȼǲǵõġ
ѾʮˣҲǵˡ
һ˫ϵץסɽûҪΪǸŮˣɱ׵
ôأⲻɫطֻ֣ǾҴС󶼲δôףҲĹҡڶЩͷ۵£Ҫİæ͵ΪΨһһ°ɡ
ã
ɽ۸˵ЩʲôȴѾ͵ؽߣӲҩ
ӲźҩɽѾ̱ڴڳݲ壬ֻѽѽطҵŭ⡣
Ҳ֪Щɷ˼Ӧûеġɽ붼Ӷ˳ֽһߣΣϣ֮˵ظҲҪȥҲΨһˡ
˵꣬ٿϿɽֱֻת뿪ҹɫС

һλص¥ʱипǧ
ǰ˼쳾Դͱɢȥ¥աڱҶغ¥
ʱװپ»ụ̂ҲֻԳǵĻ
ʱȣһ㱡ĳҡ
СĽƵ˼
һֻѩ׵Сȹȥ
ΣֽСڻУ¥µĵȥ
Щӣǰֵͣÿվ꣬ԼҪһֻԼҲûôʱÿǣ˼һҲӦ˺ǣֻС
һһ˴ʾֿ֮ʼѰµ顣չ˹Σϡ
СԸˣտԼţԼű߷ҪһšֻСһͬ¥
ī֮ǰר¥һˣҪ鿴һ¥Ϊ˽ĵûʲô©֮
һ·ңǳұ鲼տҲֻЩľ䡣
ͱץʱǰɾЩۼˣûʲôѱ
ϸ鿴һЩʧ
еСȴȻ˷б˳ȥһ·ܵ˵ҵһ䡣
ȵ׷ʱСڽ˼ţѩ׵ëȾɽ̿Ƶĺɫ
ϸ˿Сϵղͨĳҡ¶ĨһϵĺڻңֻоָдϣһʯǵĴ̱ζ
ü⵽ʲô
л˵
һ½ڣһ¿ֻ
٣һȫҲȫҲȫ鵫ʲôһģﻹһЩȽϳȻĶ
ɣֻһƶ֮ˣͬⱾκһнɫȫƶҪǿ


107
ܻ룬һ۱ܿ㡣
ѩңֵ׺Ϻ÷ɫϷųʱӳѩ¡
ؽ˸عԱ뷪뾩ְʱ򣬾ʱܻࡣ
ؾֿȵȻǱελر֮ݕiδл䡣ȻڻΪĸɥȴܹ鲻һ¡
ϧΣĳԱֻīٳſͣƬֱ̣ӻ˾еɥڣеŰݷ֮ˡ
û˳ɹλ
һλģڷ¥Ŀġ
ǰδӴӪһ£ԸտʼʱЩŵ͡ѧһ࣬ҲӦ֡
ٿ͵ʱֽɡ¥УϷѩ̧ʱһϮ£ʶΪī豾ˣȴ̾òԡͬڼ˾´ͬɽѩɫ£ֻڴʽȴѩ覣ŶĿĹ⻪
̧ͷչŮ٣ǳһӰɫ͸ӨڴǰطʱüԺ䣬֮ŭƣѩзɣ
ʱ䲻Ȼ̥ǣٲǴǰǸƵƽפرع߾¡
Ψвײ۽¶һƣįīơ
һʱ㱣ҶЦڽüۼɫڻЩþòġ
þò¡Ҽ˾˵ģĿżɽʡ
ǡҲرܡ
˾˾ڶ¥ϵطбʼָָ¥ϡ
룬ҶñԤĿࡣ糿˵뾩Ϣһ˾ǻȥʥһˣ͵˷¥
Ҷͷֱ˶¥
ȥ¥ż·̲㳤ҶСһŶǰͣƬ̡
ԼīٳͣʱΪ˿һīǷǶӭӵȺ֮еģûС˾֣ҲڵԸȻûҪ֡
Щʧתһ룬ʱ˿̣רڵҲûǶ˵Ӭ졣
Ҳܺá
ҶŶ룬żڵĳ£һīϲáڵ¶ȱϲ٣ηġ
ڵĻ¯У̿գ¯Ů˯˯ա
īпα˯ķ˿ɢţŰ׺õϡ
¯ҡҷ԰׵Ӷһɫ󣬷·һҤ覴üۼ䵭ɢȥ࣬顣
Ҷ֣ɢ޷ۺãԷ޲ؼ˯ţѵú޷
ҶȻ֪īոǱʹȥعе󷨣䳹ҹߣҵϢֽǳߵղͨ޸󷨣ֻü΢Сһ˵ҶؾϢ˷¥ȴҶĵ
ֻȴʱЩģԺ˼κ̿ʵůЩȻƤҲԽԽأ˼Ҳٻһصαȥλܹ
ҶīߵȴһԷƺȫȻûļҲվƳۿµһࡣ
̽Ű׺£ī֡һƬҲɪһ¡
˯ҲǸ£ҶȨƬֺ̣ᱧī裬ŵʱСõϡ
ʱδѶᣬЩ֮ʣڻʱͬһغëղס˪
ΨһʵĴܸܵµĹ
ī豧Ϸ£ë̺ϸϸǺãת˼̿¯ȼøʢЩ
Щ£Ҷ齱£ī軹ڳ˯Ҳһʱ
ʵ˴뾩൱ءҪӦҲ֪ٻصʲô㡣
ңҪī飬ġãԱԽƣѣ֮ƳҪŻءش󣬻Ҫĵط
˼ƮǰЩȥĽƹ黹ϸסĸ׵Űڼеȴ˵Ľ٣ڿʱֻʣ£ΪǲĶô
Ҷ˲ϵıӰһʱû
֪ġ˵ѾûϢˣȻʲôԲ°ɡ
󻯳һõ̾ʵ¡
أվİ·
ţ̧ѩ׷ף¡̿ůһƬء
һµҲ롣
īʶڴϷκתѡ˯ãʱ˻Щſյ¶
һֳֻŶͷסЩĿĹߣīգõ۽ޣѹ
תͷ齱һϮµҶƺͺܳڻ⣬ƺҲֶԷĵ˳ʣʲôʱˣ
쵽ˡҶش𣬻ӳУȼյꡣ
ǵеϢ
ҶĻشī˼һЩʵ½Żī٣ôˣ
Ҷ΢ţī費Ҫĳƺתһ룬ôϰƺˣȫʱûʲô¡Ҳա
ϻؾ빬һʥ˷¥΢ī裬õȷЩ죬ɼ˾Ҳú磬Ҳµ˸ա
Ȼ˲٣ȻûȫѡīһֳŶͷƫͷỺɽϪֲײãҲ޷ûȵҲɡ
˿ﲢδ庮͸ѩڣһɽҹꡣ˵üͬˮīУ赭ᣬʱ¶ַ£ּͬɽ
ʵҲǵˣֱֻҶġ
Ҳ˱ҶĬƬ̣ЩݷõˣЩ޹ؽҪģƴ˾ͺáҪ£Ȼһʱġ
˵Ҷλ󣬵һѧӦǾܾ˶˵Ӭ죬ôؽ˷ϡֽҲٿɫȻҲýʱ˷ЩȤ֮С
īֻͷٶԣƺûȫѡ
Ҷ֡ī費⣬һַֻġ
˯ôãֻô䡣
ɫԼȵסī֣ôҪעһЩ
īԼ֣ҲԡֻҶ׵ؾͿüۼڲصĵɫ
Լ󣬰뿿ϡ
ûʲôߵô
ߡʴī˵ʱԵùڻߣǱ
ϸϸȥȴû
Ҷʹ룬ʵīȷһܺõ߶
ԭΪ֮˴׾Դǣˮֻͣд˲֪ʱڣʱ졣
īȻǺߣȻʱԹȴż仰п졣ңѵõʲôǵ㵽Ϊֹ
˵Ψһȱ㣬Ӧʵ̫Щ
л˵
췭ĳʱָ壬Ϊգ˺ܶѾ趨飬ɾδĽɫ
һ߿һ߲жյĽɫĬ
һҪ˵ĻܶɫԸǸĶͦġ
ʼԭĳΣīɫûʱһΪ㸴Ĺ¡Ѿȫµĳˡ
ܻ½½һĽɫһЩ˼ķϰ
дϲϸڵ趨ܶɫԼı£ÿһԼķòõĽҲԼĹ¡һЩɣҲǵľԸƣÿһ˵Ըǵľ
ʵԭֻΪ빹һе硣
̽ûһרŶѷ趨ĵطҷǳܣŻῼںרſһһи趨Լﴫǡ


108ϲ
͵һΣ
ߡ
ָЩʲôأ
ҶԼҲ֪
ʵֶЩ£ػأ׼ΪѾЩ׽£뷨īеĿ⣬*鲻Խ˿ڡ
˵κ˵ԣڼɹ£Լطӵ̾Ϣһĸ׵
ӰΣӰٹǰӰѡסȨʧȥࡣ
īʱڰֻż俴
˫ڵ·ŰĵֻǿܲԾؽ¾ߡ
īֻǽַϥǣƫͷʵȥĺ磬йļҲûСֻǺ˵Ըһ˳졣
Ҷסû뵽īԼǰǰȥӴ̽ϢҲܲµһ
ȻǳóӳǸʢֻڴļ壬̾
ֻվī˽Ҳûȥ̽
ΪڴˡɫѵįΣ޶ֹܷΪվޣ˵Ȫѳߣ֪֣ߵִѡ
ǡҶףҲ֪˵ΪΣִֻʱźޣҪȥɵġ
ǰ¡ȻкޣͲҪŹǡ嵭·ֻ˵һѰ֮£ȴֹƻ˳С
ҶЩɫīһЦٽأҪôƲ֣¡Цڵģ壬һΣ
һȤīտյ֣Цʣҿ㲻ģ
ﲻڴ˴ҹɫī´£ˣ֪¿Ȥͬҳһţ
й˸ǡ
ԼѾܾ

ѩں÷ֽɡ棬졣
ٽ꣬ҼһϺֽԵϲࡣ
Ҷվͬīһţֻҹȣֻж˲еĽŲѩһƬѺۼ
ȥķ򣬴ԽԽƫƧ˼
ҶܣѾ뿪֣ƽסĽַڣҪȥδ
Ʋմߵ˼ɫڴīĸһЩͬǡáմߵڿԼˡ
ĪͿ쵽ˡ
ٹ˼·ڣַľͷԳڿϵһԺԺںҹԼƼߴ
Ҷ۽ɫƣƺֿ⣬Ҫʲô
ȥ֪ˣīǰȴƼԺǽѾ
ҶνʱԷѾṦһԾɵԺǽԼƺҲڰʾԼͬķʽԺǽ
ҲֻһҧīһǽԺǽڡ˾˵ָҺһͬϾô
˵ЦᣬƮɢڷѩУ˴͵㲻Ͼӡ
ʵī«ʲôҩҲֻܸī˲ֿڡ
ʱҹⷿ˿أȻҲ޵ƻһƬҶʶѰҵĶȴֽͣ˶
Ϊŵ˲ֿʯǵĴ̱Ϣ
īȻǵһ˵أݵóһõҹ顣ҹɢĹߣ˲ֶֿʢŵĸЩȻ˶Ŀģϸ۲죬ܿһѻϸʢźõĺɫĩ
Ҷᣬֿڴ̱ǵϢԴǴ
ҩü
ǡ
ƣֿϸڷĥõʯʣõĳ̵ȵľ̿ʯһӦȫǸ˽Ļҩ
ȫ׼ȷ˵Ӧһ̻īҷ̧̧˳ȥǱ߻вٺֽͲʲ
Ҷϸֿ⣬̻ҲǹٸӪɣ˽ҩһϣǿǰٿĪ硣
ڣܲµī˵صĿģҩ˭ģ
ī嵭ɤڶ𣬡⵹Ҫл˰¥ǿء
ͷ˵𣬡ϧ´Ҵһصأûð¥ǿϺõĵضθãԴ˿̫ǱߵأֻġôΣΪڰ¥ʱ¥Ϊ޸۲·;Ҳ̫ڳоӪת˽⣬쳤˸ۣȥ¥ĵ̽һڵҵĽУѰ˻ҩдĺۼ˳Ŵ׷飬Ѱ̫ڳеĻҩ
ǰΪɹһò䵽̫ϣһˮ󣬾ʶ˻ҩеıͷ͵͵һҩ˽ٽأ̻۸ǣ̫ӲԸˮҩȻⲻ١
̫£ˣֹ̫ˡٽأصפصĹԱ뾩ִһ׮ţƽ׿ҵЦ
ʵǲΪ壬Ҳʲô⡣īҶỺⲽһ룬´ȥ˭˷ܡ
ҶĿɨ־ĴʵЩ࣬Ӵݣû˳ĹԵĿͷ٣Ѳǰꡣ
ҹ΢ĹУīҲʲôˣɫߣԷ١ֻΪǣˡ£ɽˡ
֪
£ҶȻҲ֪ģɽʱˣԼⰵɱɥƾܺͼĺɹĻ°ɡ
óһУҲ˺顣
ЩԹҶµķݺĽȻǱ˴˶Ļ֮ƣһջ˺
˷ӵأפ̫Σաīߵλͣ£ߵλãϢỺϣΨһ㣬ǣгһ̨ſˮ
һҩȥҲǸ̰°һº𣬽ʧ裬нһķŹᣬҲҩֻһ̰°ļֵ
Ҷ˵Ҳı㡣ôٽ˰һ£һʯ
߳ⷿɡУԺµЩۼܿ챻ҹѩ
˾ȷĲá
ڵգůƹڻЩüۼ䵭ϲͺá
ȻϲġЦ콵ϲ£᲻ϲ
ҲǴ˴뾩֮ϲ
Ҷ𣬽ɡīбЩŵƻȥüۡ
ѩ೤ɡһذأֻǶˡ
·ߵøһЩҲܺá
롣
л˵
õˣΪæʱĺæ
ǰָ壬Ȿĳʵûʲôߣһ㸴Ĺ¡
īɫǹµĿʼҶҪꡣ
ܵ˵īĳʼ趨ڲر󣬶ڽɫɾЩжյ趨ӷ䵭趨Ҳܸϲ
ҲҶɫȻսһһγʱƺ豳Ѿ൱ƣȫûɫôֵӡˣǶʧһμ䡣
ʵдĽɫպᡣ


109ǧ
ǧī֮һ档
īٳ¥ǧ£⸴档
˿̳ڣϯ¥󣬳ˮ˷ԼΪǰЩʱһǰع۳漣ɽͼ֮͡
ʱ֮֮һ˷λˮǴߣȻҲɳֻʣ¼һڳۡ˿̼۸ǣ۵ļûͣµԤס
ڵ֦ͭ𴱴յ¥ڵƻͨ¥һżǵһ룬Ůظ¥龰ֻٰܿ㴵īʵԶ¥ǷֻҲģһƬīۡ
Ůһõľл֮ɻ˼Ӽۣ
ڴ˿Ů̽ͷѯʵĿͶīϣС㻹Ӽۡ
ʮ򡣡üۼƵᣬһз·ʯͶ󺣣һ˿˵꣬һʾŮ¡
ںŮĿʱҲ΢в̧üңصī衣
䲻ī辫ֻͨȾŶֻмۣʮʹǳױʣҲֵλ
Ҷ¥µĳīʮĳҲ¥ڰƬ̣ܿ˿˸ߵļ룬ʮļ۸ҧҧҲܽܣƣٷһҲò
īȴûʲôʹı¶м¥м©ҳױʣֵҲ˺Ȼ۸ֻ߲ͣ޷ǧһϲ
ϲҶյв裬̧ۿ̬־īƺΪųۡ
ԷǰĲյ˼ãõҶΪԸشʱڿڣսбմã궼ո⣬ֱڲű¥á
˵ú죬ҶֻƬҲǲ³Ըڴ˳۵Եʡ
ĸϵĲƷϸ⣬Ҫɽͼ
ǵŤķԣҶҲûеƣֻױʾ֪Ҫ۸ȷʵҪ
ңҶҲףع۳ױʣνֻļֵ
ǱϾع۳ƽɽ֮ңƳϱ򣬴̫ƽʢһ棬ȴʢȻš
ʱֳжȨɵĿΣ֤Ů֮øáٵʢУȻţδкãֻɽ죬սԴ˱ǰͿ̿롣
һͳҲѾ귱ŹĽսоΪʱ˵ĹҶִƽʱջز֣ƹһս󣬽ۻӹʧȥ˱ĴƬأֱͳһҲջء
ֽûջرĽϵĳɽ䣬ò룬ԿƵӣиϷԭӴ置ӴʵɢɳһƬһ顣
⻼̲סǸȶ
壬ڴˡ
Ҷع¥Ӽ۵ʱѾʮոյʮѾӽ췭һ
ʮīȻƽغŮֻۣ֮ǰĴݣü΢һ˼ģ
ֱڣɳֻīڵż仹ڼӼۡ
ڼ۶ʮŮĻСĹ۲īɫ
õĳĬīһֵ򢣬˼úŵˣǾ͹ϲϲˡ
ʮλҶҲĿЩ
һҪƷǸעһЩ˭Ը⿪˼ôһ黭
ŮīİʾڵλҲ֪ʲô·ֻ֪һλĽݵĹ
ȻھгλУûĽݵĹ
Ҳ֣Ҫ棬Ŀʾʱδһ¡

ڵżݱ»ңװζ̳£Ů㡣
żʦĻѬȾЩƮƮȻֻǿװоĽУϲС㣬Զʮļ۸ɽͼ
Ůڴ̧ۣһֻ޳ֽӹУš
ûа䱦ϲãֻĵش򿪴ۣľᡣ
ۿ־ͽеľó̯ʦ̲סѵС㣬󣬲ܾ򿪡
һ˫ȴĿɨǻϲ˻ǮµĶ
⵱ȻǡȻѾˣȻõġһŮԸŹ֣Ҳѣֻһ񣬻˳ż䡣
һغŮĽݽɫĪضᣬŻСѵĽС㣬ʮ̫Ʒ˺үѹҪ͵ġ
ŮһڣĽݽĪɫøǮôֵõָָ㡣
ջѶʮȻȫǾҪע⵽ͲˡԲĵίŶԷ
롣ֻ䶪һ仰ŮһƣŮ㾪ԼǱסһ㣬˿ڡ
ȵŮ죬¥ڰĽݽרĿᡣ
ñ磬ˮīɽƹ½ɷ裬ȷǳױɡϧµŵУֽѾƣԵĥ𣬶īѾɫͬļһ㣬Ѳˡ
Ľݽָۣ̫ѨֻԺ˼縡ĭСЩΪޱȵļ밮ޣʱʴģһ̡
ｭɽ乲ΨŮӵڶϡ
׹أβΡ
ʱɫӱ䣬ֻǰĿᡣ
һֽ̧֣ӽԱ߷յĻ¯СֽţٿȻܿͽֽŷմֻЩҽ
һԵŮɴҪκȴֻػ潫ֵĻճɻҡ
ֽµĻյĽݽ࣬αȼǱƵ̸ˣ
Ψݱ»յϢܰӵ˼Ĳʹ
ڼüֻ֣һƳȴǴĿ裬ݱ»һʢ㣬С
֪ΰ˶ãżЩ죬ۣ춯ƿһǣⲢ뿪Ķˣϸ뿪ıӰ
Ľݽ̧֣ŮϵĽʲôˣ
ŮĿ⿴ȥֻŮӲ¥ȥһ˺һ˰ʤѩ÷ѩޱġ
Ӧþǵ˾Ǿ֮ǰż۵λˡ
˾ĽݽԺõļ䣬īҶٵĺˣ
ǡ
ǵǿԽԼܵϤϢ
ֻ
ĽݽĿīıӰϣҪǾߵӰʿϸ̽һ㡣
ΪʲôŮϸܵ˱ϤϢһޱϢ
¥ݷֻ¥īŲȻͣ٣ָס˱Ǽ⣬ü
ôˣҶеĿ⿴
֣ôͻȻݱ»ϢȾҩҪζ࣬һĻ㲻ͬ㻹ҩζ
ϧֻһ˲ܿζɢȥˡ
ʶȥȴǿտҲ
¡¥ȥ
Ҷˡ
л˵
޶ĽݽĽһȫҴˣ޸ġϹ
һ¾ع۳û뵽кɡ
ȻѾǰƬذʾϸһ¹µʷʱߡ
ǰƳع۳λͼΣĺƽعʢţδкãλ˼̳Уսսҡ
ƳΪֱأ
ĹʱУذʱսʤĽʱκ
ʱһң̲Ǳӵʱ䡣
ڵʱߡ
Ȼǹ±Ǻῼѡ
պǻϵͳξģõġֻһ鷽һЩʱߡ


110ҹ
΢Ĳˡ
ٽصѵ̳࣬ݻǰ±ʵ۳󣬵͵࣬һר˼ڼӵ̬
˵ڳǱѰһԺӣһ˽̻ȥ̻·̫˽̻ڷⲽһĻȷ콵֮ϲ
ǵģ¡һڵ̻ǻǱ˽¾Ӫӯ̫˴ͷ
ȷϢʵԺŬѹĵϲɫʧ裬͵˲٣òһ콵ĻᣬȻ
һĻתӣĵ񣬡£һ֪
˿鲻ͷ˵
̻£ϱȥҲǴǼˣ˳ǣ̫ӡ˵˵ȥҲֻǸ̰µİӡٽأ˿϶»СС»˵ġⰸӣδЧ
µֵµģǳƽʱòãԴ˿̼æץסҪԼ
˵ĻȻ˽ȥɫʲôӰִ󣿡
ĻŸ˵ô̻һЩʲô⣬˭֪ôأ

ٽصʱ䣬ƵƵȺһüٵķ
ҶһɫʱٹѾ硣
ڵƻͨｻɫһȥʱ
ֻȥգҲԤϵ̶һʱ䣬ǷƱá
īյǳϵ࣬λûִŵҪλ˶˿˿ҲλŮΧƣ̲Ӧνĺѡ
ȵҶߵīʱȻȻ˵Ŀ⣬ĺĺ˵ҶԴ˾׽ı仯κҶ˷粻ֻƽػӦ˼䡣
ֻīԱһϷģҪӦȺߴߴĳ
ҶΣ˲ļ϶֣͵͵īָ⡪Ǳġ
ڲָ⴫ȴʱīƫͷֻԷ΢üޣʱ¶һ㱯ɫһʧȥĸױӻŮ޴Ӧ˲Ĺġ
ôϲС
īûѣҶǣָ⡣
һֱӦŸɫǰڨˣֱҪʱڻصλ
ʱͬգλð˷λõУʱһԵ¶죬Ȼʶ
ǡ
磬£㳣겻ھǣҲ֪λΨһŮӵġԱߵһʱΧЦˬʣҲһԵλ
ԼĵܵطһӳȴҲɫֻڨڨͷԭ겻ھǣһûϳϣ¡
Ҷɫش룬ǵȷ˵ĸ˳ƽƽֱӳŷλûĸҲڣȷǸӽ˶Ҳټ͡
ԸҲǸĽɫ
˵һ֮ǰʶҲʵҲʶˡ赭дػ˳ΣԱߵļ䡣
Ȼ࿴ᣬӣ˿̻Ҫһģ
ҶһĲɵغģĿһڵɨѰīλá
֮еģԼ̫ӸλãֻЩԤϡ
λƩ֥ʹҲ˵Ŀ⡪⡣
ΪطڶʹĩҲҪ뾩ְġ
ҶžƱһ٣ĦűŶ˽̸ģ΢ز
īԱߣô㲻һ¡

˾ˣȥһаδɤڶϣƫͷȥüۺЦӳŵڻͻ͵ƻ
šֻһۣīջĿ⣬ĴڨȤ
ûһôᣬոպƮС
īֱĿģ仰ӦȥԹ˵ҡ
ʹڱۣܸܵ˿̼ĺɹԹߵĿ޲ý
ƺȫȻûвЩڻţС˵ЦԹ⣬Ҳ֪ġ
ڴҲɥڣĻҲڴ˿˵𡣡ƻĲ߾£һ״ɡκ䵭һҲδ¡
ī軰˵ֱףҲʶȤˣûټ̸
üۺЦֻǶ֮˾ˣֻǾҺܽܶ鷳ңܾ׵ġ

˸Ա˼ڶڻʵʺλʱһʢ̫ƽģ
ǵ꣬ӻŮí˾ڽ׸۵ʱȡ
̫ӽ׵һĳıѪɺͨ죬Ŀ֦·裬ȡ̴Ӷɺʱڱ֮̾ڶ
ǶıѪɺΪףаԸµһ˳죬念̫Ӹܵھ̾޵Ŀ⣬в⣬ҲЦ٩٩ܡ
ɺڶǱ߻˴˼ãĳߴɫʹڻʼұҲֺΪӻŮû˵ܸǹķͷ
ȻʹڿɺʱҲǿо棬̾æ˽ɺʵԼǰ̲סָ
iˡ˿̿ƽƽĶҲ˳࣬䡣
iϵ⣬۽ʶҫƳȴɫƽλϣƺȫȻûаԼƷС
˹ˣ׼ʲô̫ɵ¡
̫Ӹո£񣬡ɺϣ尲ôϣֵ֮ܺܳ֡
˵ţ̴֣óһһ˸ߵʯС
ɫʯͨ覣ߴƬɫ͸ıˮеĳɫʯƵ̳Яɻӹƶˣˡϸһ˶ʯҵӦĵ̡
˾޴ʯ亱ټϵģ˼ɣ˶ʯϣɽ˶ֺһ
ʱķͷǹ̫ӣҶʯ̾
ƕDʯͷϿ̵޵ģĺޣ尮ظʯƫӣ˷ݺĺ񣬱ǰĳ𣬴
ҶҲ̧ŵǿʯһֻ򢣬·Ȥģ
ʯϡ̸ģТѵܹޡ
ذѡТѵܹ˸ҧúأȻеķζ
ֻ˫ɫڵ͸覣DȴƫƫԼĿŪʱϷʡ
л˵
һǰƪûдľ飺
ʼڶīкʱ˵ǡּˡ˲ǵһμȻҲȫ졣
뾩ʱȥ*٤»Ըżͻī裬һ顣
Ȼνһ飬ʵֻΪī贩µӰԶŵĸס46Լ£ҲǻԼĸס
ʵдúޣԽһ¡
ν飬ʵȫ˽īһˣֻһΪϲ
īһʼ⽻ֻǴ뿴«ʲôҩһʼΪԷǱĽӽԼ
һʼĴɱҶж


111
㣬ΪҪŵĹ
żӻŮȺڿ˼ֳ졣
룬ҶλŰκˣ߾ô˲٣һͷ󻼡Щտ޺ֻĵӣһȺ̰ĵ
ֽɽգŮϥ֣֮˼ε¡
ƹѲ轥ݣ͵ǰй̻ʱ䡣˸Żʵ⣬ȴŹ˵ȼ̻
ȼߣȻȴûеȵԤеѤû𣬷Ǵһ޴ı
˶޴𾪣δüӦıһըյĻ𺣡
ۼ˱ŵɢӣʱһƬڱըƺڸߺݡȴֱӴܵȺɢ
ѾͻıըŵûɢĿ͵ؿŷյĻ⡪ôˣ
ֻ˶ֽ̻ţըǼùȥĹˣôը
ڻдľȫûע⵽ը˹һǣϵשʯɽ䣬ֱֱ
Сģ
һקʱ岽⣬ΪͻȻקĵء̧ͷһǰλȻһשʯҳһټĿݡ
ֻ֮䣬ӹŹӹһٵǱŵ亹乣ɫҰס
֮ŻعͷǰԼһǺˡ
Ҳû뵽ľȻҶ˿ԼƽԹⳡըԼڵصǱմȾЩҽ⣬Ƶᡣ
ΪʲôǱվŵ׷Ҷ
Է΢ӴΪʲôҪôD
Ҷᣬֻ֮㣬ȻΪҪŵĹ
ϷʣֵĲм˸Ū֡
ٻյ͸ϾҲ۵һɱ⡣
ȷŮǵȷɱġ
ʲôŮȻ٣ƺҲûеһĵز
ӷתţڼѰͬҶìܣĴһƺɱԼЩӣΪԼġŮˣ
˼ţڳļѰҵЩ΢Ŀܡ
ѵǰ
ҶĪĵ⣬ϧûиʱ˼ܽ޴컹Ǻܿ˵ע˶еؿʱҶֻƽº޺Ц⣬ק
·ͻȻոֻüķµ¡˿ɫУ㲻ǰĺɫº͵ѯʣүɻã
Ŀ֮£Ҷһѡ񡣶θոնҶԼҲûҶѵɣҲֻȥϳЦ£ոնлˡ
Ů˴˿һ޺ļȻЦ֮Ͱˣ¾ͺá
ڴ˿̱ըֹͣҲƣһƬڵǽ壬Ŵ̱ǵϢĹѾըıҲЩˡ
ⳡлعŽ鱬ըԴ
ٽҹϷıըܿԵĴɱ·ͬСɡҶĿȺд˶δ̫ɫɷףʵϾΪ˴һˮϲɹ̻Ȼ֣ı˽ԿǼ̻е̻ʱ̡
ߵͬɫ粻ϾֽţֻըĹˣ̫˽ִ̻ȫûըҪıҪ̫Ӵöࡣ
ȺѰīӰ׾Ⱥ￴ĨذӰѩƺȫȻûбⳡ粨֡
ֻȻվߣһеģ
΢ز
īܿҶĿ⣬̧ӡ
ҹɫƺЦЦ
ܿ˱ըԴ̻װ˹ĻҩڵȼԱߵĻҩը
飬ٸ޲飬Щҩ˭µģ̻ʲôͷŭٺ£ըԴ
ۼʵŭڶյķѩ˳ƹһƬȺ˵űϢŭ
ҶҲȺ£ԹŽϸµĵ顣ⰸӲ鲻һ߲ˡ
̫˽̻վûסһ񸮣㹩̻ɹԴ̫ṩġ
ŭӣ̫ǰ£صʣȻ̻Ƕ˲ɹģϸ¼ģûģôܻôҩһڰжֽţ븸һڰи
忴Źؿ޺̫ӣҲЩɡԼӲ֪ģȷҲǸȥôһըɱˡ
ŭ̫һۣ˼̽顣
ѩȰοŻʵȥƫȴ˽ӿİ
ҹ£Ҳǻҵһ׮š
֪˶ãнѺż̫Ĺ˽ڡհǴڣ⼸˾Ϳ޺Źڵأűˡ
һʣЩС̫̣һһʮؽ˸˵Ǹõֽ̻š
̫̻ͨ϶ֽŵȻԳ棬ȻҲᷢ⼸С̫лİס
ۿŵڵĿ⾡æ粵ʣԩ
㵹˵˵ôԩɨĿǴδй䡣
ֻ̻϶Щֽ̫˽̻һ±¶챬ըͼı֮䣬Ƿֵصġ
һȨ⣬ڵأͰ͵ؽ̻һºĴ㡣
Ǹ˶ճ˺ֳﻹװŵʲô𣿣ջֹۣ̫ҲĥģƺѾȫֵܶ˵ڶһݳġ
תɪŹڵϵ̫ӣҲǸˣһ̫ӣȻ˽̻˵ȥȫЦ
еĲ豭ַ£ջ޿̣˵棬ѵ졣
վǻҳţһǲɢ˱ֻ̫ͣ˶ʡ
īͷβǸϹ۵䵭̬뿪ʱҲûаͣؾ׼Զⳡ־硣
ȻһӰʼղظֱ޿̿ڣˣء
ϾʱҹйŮͨ˵Ĺȷʵϡ
΢ҹѩ׷ɡ
벽λͣ½Ų˾ᣬֻԼһ
ƺû쵽ز幫ӡɤ嵭ͣ縡ѩȴû°ȶء
ֻ˾̸һʽסûӰ￴Уֻͫһɫǵһ㻡ȣ룬Ҳϣյİ˽ᣬϾٲȥҲûкôô
ҹѩУŰµŮתѩī¾塣
⣬Ҫеÿһ
֮ЦЦס
á
л˵
֮ǰûдΪ¾̫֣ÿζдһΡΪʲôûУԺῼǶһء
⻰ڵԤջ·棡ûкܺÿһǮЩط
ʵҶ˵дһɫ˼ڼ䣬ԱصһʼȷˣԸ˼˺ܾá
дЩԸĽɫдӵʲô
ȻⲻûԸصˣҪ˵ĸƢҪīӺܶࡾīǶڳ˸¶ûиҲģԺܶʱ޵ĵ٩Ҳȫ
1516׹׿صʱҶԸѾ֣ڲ˶ȷ׿غ̬֮Ⱦͱλߵ̬


112
ͬ˵ʢ˥˵٣Բˮ¡

һɽׯԺھеʲʱֻһѰլԺŮʱžˮ¥󣬵͵ȴʧݻ
īͱԺеľ£ֻŮУйۣһԺС
ѩ䣬ѩȴǷ˸ʤɰء
ʯ䡣
īСˡīӰչһЦʾԼλá
ɰһһһɫ͸Ĳ½ĵ죬īС㲻һԡ
ĲյīȻֻǽ豭£ȡůδ£ƽлֱ˵
ѩɸ䣬βһ̸ֻͣδ⹼Цδ̻ش
ī²豭ƱҪߡ
վǽסóһѹ١Сǰ٣ȷǰŪһ
Ҳĵһī֪Ҫӡ
ɰ⣬ĺˡμ⣬ڶǽٴ⣬дԳռ⣬ο塣Ը⣬Яཫ춷⣬ʹ
һߵ࣬һᳪ⣬
磬ĺˡʱδ˹áŮڹ뷿ڶҳԵΪԧ죬⹲衣
ϧˡûд֮ˣеĿʱīֻ΢ƫͷΪʲôأ⡣Ĵָ춼㲻ϡ
аͷ£ʡǳֻʱ䵭̬ȣ΢۽ң㣬Ц֮ʡ
ѩӳ̳¡
ĿȴҲͬѩֱһɣ˵һ˵ȢҵĿġ˵ףҲýʱ˷Щ˵ϡ
̬䵭Ҳʵ֪ʵΪѡ
šīü۲Ϣ⡣ܹ˼꣬ȻἱΪѡԱ㵮ºãǱ˴˶֪顣
ֻ岻֪״޷֪лñԼˡ
ɥЩ·ţҲӭȢ˫ӮĽףҶûлȻ֪īЩ㣬ֻΪ˵Ȼīĸ߰ԣȻԸܵŵָ顣
յвתīֻһЦĵؽյ·Ż档˫ӮˣܸҵĶô⣿һҪѡһĶΪʲôѡһƿصĿܣأ
̬ȿƽʵ򲽲ƣԼĳ룬Ӷѣʲôô֣Ȼࡣѹ˼ǲϲ̫ӣҲԻ
֮¡ָ㴽ƣҿɵˡ˾ʳ
ôЦŷʣӴյİӣܵĶʵ̫Ҳûдֵúã˶޶۲ã⣬ö֮ȴҲʧȥġĹ磬㲢ûһ㻻λԶʺλã˶ڹעʱȴûпǿ˼̫ӡ˵յıըԤϣע¶̫ӵӰ졣
˵ϸȥûкô˾ˡ
˵Լƶϣϸ۲ī̬ı仯ֻϧԷʼյˮ©ֻ̧ۿԼƶȷ˴롣
īϾ޸ϵʺЩǣ׾ܲȻʺѪԵϵʶΪֻǱ棬ʵѹ̫ӡ
⵹ǵȷ¶һ룬ϧֵܶʲôøУȶֻΪ˸ãã֮֮ǣˮ̫ӣΪʵ޶ۣҲᷭʲô
ԣīüϧ˰ǻҳţţǼС̫ͱú޺ۼҪҲҲˡ
վǽյıըѹ̻ⷢ˱ըֻ̫ӽһ£ٺһ꣬ڷ˼ûеگͲó벽˶֪ô¡
ҪвҲԼĽ
ֻ˵׶ȻҲ԰㡣
īڹһ㴽ǣ۵ȴЦҲޣ̫ӵ̨أ˭Чҵô
Ķŵһ¶ɫЧңֵЧҵ»üӣӸĸƱ߻ףǸտɵͣǱõѡ񡣡
ī˵Ȼأ˷Ѿ˼ֲĻʵλܲΪЧܹ˵һͳļѻɡ
ڴеҰ¶Լߵӣ˾˵ЦһʲôҶ֪
̧ۣҰģһһ仰˵ٶ࣬Ҳ¡ҹĵǣܸʲô
ｭɽͬһһ٣֣ŵ
ͬīʲôĴѵЦӣ̫շˡͬ⣬㲻ãһöӡͬ˰ɡң㻹ǻȱһ֪ļ˾ҲỹҪְɣ
ˣīϵֻʳѰ˵ʵϽںм˰ġ
Ǳ˵˴㣬ԷϵЦ˪̳ɽӲĻȡ
κīֲһ䣬˵ͬǱóһĽɽ֤ĳ⡣
Ҽģ㲻Υɫ԰Щڿڡ
û˵꣬īֻ̧ƣҪͬ˵ŵҲ翵Ķ⣬㱾Ҳң̸ֺ֮Ρ
̶ߣֻҪһɿȴǵ˫׹ǦԭءƬֻ̺һ¶ЦҼ̹룬֮⣬Ҳ㲻ϳ𣿡
īֻҡͷδŹң⡣ĿԶɼѩǿԶʣô꣬ÿһεĴռϼ˾ףʣֿɷŹ̧ͷ췱ʱǷǹҲ˵·;ڴ˿ͬ˵֮ϣͳݣɷţҴ˿ͬ˵ܴɣΪֿţ
ᴹ·վڼ̨ʱֱģͬ˵˵ʢ˥Բˮ¡ȴӲֺαʡ԰벻벻ţж˻Ŀ֮ԡν;Ų֮ԱǣǺߣٶҲǱ˴̽Ĳ¶ȡ߲޶ԴֻȲ·վС
īʱ˵־ûࡣȻǧɽѩڻֵ䵭
òԡ
֮ûʲô̸ˡȻø鲻ҪɣôҵľܾҲҪ
ڶԷע£ת뿪ذӰܿʧ߾ͷ
뿪ԺĴʱī̧ͷԺǽһ֧÷ɫƣ
ǸƺǷҶһ֪ΪΣ˼Ʈûɵ롣
л˵
ɰ⣬ĺˡμ⣬ڶǽٴ⣬дԳռ⣬ο塣Ը⣬Яཫ춷⣬ʹ
磬ĺˡʱδ˹áŮڹ뷿ڶҳԵΪԧ죬⹲衣Գ˾硶ˡ
аͷ£ʡΪ顷Իаͷ£ʡָദͷİģе̸ͣһʣĺ񱡲ʱ䳤
ϲǳΪǣȫȻ˽ī裬Ҳ֪ī赽Ҫʲô
ֻһԸΪ㹻ĳ룬㹻ŵԷͲܾ
Ȼⲻ˵θīͻϲŮͬ


113һŵ
Υ಻
īصīʱԼԺѾһˡ
÷ѩ˵ĽŲʱת֦ͷϸѩٿȻ÷ʧɫ
ҶЦƿī߽ȥ˺δá
û뵽ҶȻֱ˸ϣī貢δ̻ش𣬶Ժỽһ袡
ڴɨԺİ̽һͷգۿī裬С㣬ʲôԸô
ī豾ôԼڸڱҶ˸еȴҲͬԼ˵һգһȫȻ֪Լʲôı飬īҲ֪ǴԼ˼ŻὫҶ븮ڡֻ֣£Ϣ
¶ɻˡ
īתһԵҶʣôˣ
㣬ˡҪôôü˵Ȼ
ī²ΪİӶȴҪ˵塣
㻹ûشȥ˺δī費Ҷʡ
ԷȴţֻǾ亮İɣ롣
ֱȼ¯𣬽ϵ磬īŴȥһ档
Ҷ̧ͷȻǲô˵Ƶᣬʲô
īηµĶһͣǾúĻ˵Է᲻ˣû̸һʽףͬ
Ҷɫۿɼѿ࣬ǻֻһҵʲôֺҲˡ
ʵΪѡĻɥڴţҲӭȢ
׼ԵУȴҶס䣬ô˵˫Ӯ˵˽İɡҪҸٺĲǸõѡֻ룿
īֻǴݵĸƽԼ䣬Ҷ£ԼУüۼѱһ˲ʼ˵ң̻ҪøһЩ
īϵĴУҶǾ꣬塣
ֻȥƭƭµСﻹࡣüֻ˵Щ
ΪҶյøī޿ˣֻ˳ĿλȻֹ˷ͱ˽ʲôҶҲ֣̫λ
̫λӵҶһҲΣģӵҲϼѡDҲ˰ɡ
īһڣ̫ʧ±ҪλҲ翡
ĸǸĶҪѡܣиõѡȻѾˣȻ̻һӦûȰ
ҶüӰȴûɢȥӵܣһʳλǿҲǶθȤˡأϻλŵʲô

ĺɫ谵īóӵȼ۵ǵЦЦЦݣʺ֮λĿ⻹Ҫ˾֮λڹɡ
٩İΣȴǿתͷҶӡ
ƫǳɫյ͸ϾɫʤΨһһĨɫ˲ԾС
ҶסīָԾ·ҪùĴȷʵī裬ˣܴӦ
еӲ԰飬ᱡͬһƬӨ׹
ѩ·ʱڻ
ֻǰҶסգ˳۽΢һƬӰ
̫鷴ۡ˼ƮȻ롣
£ǲʲôī迴ҶǣЩʲôҴû˵ҴӦ
԰ֲ䣬ΪԶ׼ġ
ȷԶ׼ģīԣȻܴӦĽס
ֻǹңǰȻһ㣬ֻʵˣͲī貢硣
ֻǾ÷Ӳ䣬ͲԸīִ֡վȣ̫ļ˾ͼıѡ
أԼĽȥʽס
֮Ҫ˶ǣˡīĻеķɢȥЩԷӣܸĳ룬һԣࡣ
һһУƽơ
ƺΪ죬ī΢ϸҶɫ
ͬгƶԼ˫ӮĽףƺֻеԼŵ
ҡҷһ˲۵Ǻ
ֻϢ֮
£ǵԼ֮⣬Ҵδʲô
ī裬ʵҷΣǻ棬ΪʲôأԼ֣Ǽ÷߿š
ҪۣΪС
׸ߴֿɼĴʱȴ羵лˮ£ָֻЩ¶ȡ
īᣬḲҶֱ˵ָһԼѡΥ಻
ʮǰǧ㾡µһӣĽٻΪȨƣΪɽӵ߸Ǭ

ǳըͱý࣬ÿѲߵĽ㷭һࡣ
˻ʹ䴦Է
ҹɫӳӰϢԷĵ档
ʵ϶ں޲ýʮʱ粽룬ôôʱǱʹԺǽǱԷԪڼסԹ
ΪȥʵۣԷŻ顣Ů˵ɤ䵭ͼֶá
ĽݽӰ֪ʱѾԼһξ룬ԹԵسһȥԪڼæ׷ĽŲ̤ӲݣطȥƧǴ˴𣿡
Ľݽһ⾰£ȷѾвͬ˵صطǣˮ˯֮أȷǴ˴
ûشԪڼָһ㷽λһܹīһ޵ַԼѰҺҵ˵صĻذ⶯¡죬Գһͨ
*ȻǴ˵ءԪڼпŮ˵ȷûƭû뵽ô۵ĹﾹȻͨ󷨵ͨ
šĽݽ׼µصԪڼɻ͵ؽ͵ͬ˵нƣȥҲûáţҲԸȥʲôҹܲˡ
ȥɣ硣Ů˶ӵ̬ȣҲֻѡͣϾЩӵһϲͨȥҲûʲôá
ңһаŮˡ
ĽݽĽŲܿʧ۵ĵص䡣
һ·ߵصͷΧשʯϷķģغϡ
Ľݽһ黷һߣȻĻʱױ任࣬ڲ˸Ķ
Ҳǣ󷨣ѰӹһҲδƳеİϡ
Ľױ㴩Խ˵ع֮С
שʯڸܵϢ󣬾ڵķ򣬾޴ۿѪâ·һĿע
޾ӣָĵߵ㱡͸שʯ㲨ƣָĵ
Ϣ֫ٺ徭ĲʹڻЩ
ϢʱйٵĩһİϢȴʹ
ޱȵϢ
л˵
дʼе㲻⣬ֻЩʱĥ


114ȸ
ͽ޹ء
ڲ쳣ϢĽݽѰϢʼ󷨵ĸ̽Ѱ
ϤޱȣȻҲ֪ı֮ܿλ۴쳣
۴߲ģķģüͷнӡһ۹ע󷨡߹󷨵۹ϣüɫѵ¶ɫ
󷨱濴ȥãʵĹ϶٣ͬ±ߵһƱữ촷ۡ
вдϢ˴˵ǣλΪǣ߲ĥԴ𽥲ʳ󷨡
ȷǼĹ˼뷨棬ÿһĲǳ׼ĽݽҲԴ˼Կޡ
֪˽⵽Ϣʱ֪Ϣ˾ǺʱֻһĨɭȻЦ
մ麣û뵽ʱٶ꣬㻹Ҫ¡ָ΢ǣһƵɫָƵɫ˴˾˺˫˫ʧ
ᴩЩ˺ҶƬѵʹƺĽݽʶҪó̶ʶԼûдֻеİ״ƿóöҩ£ڻ֫ٺӿʹ
ɴڵ£ָŵϵķġ
ˣ롪ǸŮ˱Ͼˣ˵ȥͽ͵Ѱ֮շתʮҲһغȥˣʱ׳˵֮⣬ȵȥȥͽ޹ء츴£ɢĻȴ췽ҹ̷
ûʲôҪ
ϸϸ֪󷨵ʱĽݽǲеΡеȻմ麵µĲھ֮ɵĥ𣬵Ǹ𻵺ǽոɵġ
ֻеϢմ̫ƣǰЩԵһ㡣ϸ۲֮£²ϢȻַۣҲɬҲȴǿۡ
ָǣĽݽɫζ˭صôǱھ֮У󷨣
֪٣ҲȻ
̬Ԥ֮ķչҲ¶ζЦݣʲôҲûֻǸֱ󣬴뿪󷨡
ԪڼڿĽݽϺЦشӵص߳ʱ¶ôôͳˣ㲻˵ҪҪ൱ʱ䣬Ҫô
ǣŮȥһ˳ʱȻ¶ɫһܺõģƽʱǸ˭Ƿ˰ı顣
ȷˣк£ڲԶ֣ʡʡˡ鲻ѵö˼Ԫڼֻ˽ͣ׼뿪Է
Ԫڼһͷˮֻܸ׷ʣ˵ʲôʲôˣ֮ǰǽ󷨴еޣ֮·㲻ܽ⣬ܽˣ
̫Ȥˣͬһ仰˷ûбһоյĸоҲȤ
ıȻΪٵȤ
˽һ㣬ô󷨵ȷβƵġ

ѩƽվΰӿڳϦʱڵʱƽҼһҷϲӭµģ
īԺǰƽ촩źµĽ붼һɫ£Ÿ϶ѻĺ
С㣬Щﶼˡѻɽĺתͷī
÷µīѵֻۣȻĺ멣ƻɫڽüȾϼֺ쳾ɫ
÷񳣬׿Ȼ÷£һǡ
˾ⷿ΢һףҲ˿ӦЩûûǰĿˡ
һ뵽һӦվм徻Ƿꡣ
Ӵŵ˺ЩҩĵζЩʲô޲֪ʱð˳ȤشЩѻ
ʱڣص£ȥмֵ
ȷЩҩǸȤȵտⷿϵ¼ȥȡͺáǳ󷽵ף̫ν
Ϊ֪һ岻ãڶͲҩ
԰գīֶ࿴һڿڣûʲôĴôزǷǵڸϴš
޺ɵƳһۣ棿ôģ
īʾΧεû⼸ոϵ˶ôȻǶŻȥˡҪȻҲ׼ļ١
￴ǳ˵ģ
ŶȷʵЩɻؿųڸڸī輸粽Ľ袣
ᣬæ͵Һͽ붼СĹ¶Ȼڸϵġ
㲻ؼҹôīʡ
һ̯֣ɣѾ޼ҿɻء
ԷҼǵиʦ
ʦ˼ȻѾݺȥҲɽġʼ磬˵ޱȣˣҲ޴ȥһеʲôҲҲڡ
īü΢ѾոʧԣǸҲһá
Ȼõģ㸮ϵҽһûء
޻δ˵꣬ű㴫ߵ֮
뽭īĴʱһ׿ȻüۺЦ
ЩµЩʱ䣬֪ǲˡ
Ҷü۱ٱɫѶܳ١ʺź£iĿɫϼƴ֮Ŀ֮
ãʱġī輫ǳһЦ
Ǳáֽ֣شһһʱ˴ǰĿյءһ⣬ûϲġ
īֻЩϸܺصľף̫ˣ¡
ûô֪񣿡ҶЦʤٿȻͥлҶʧɫ֮Ȼģ۸ֵùעĶ
īΣҲֻý뽫һ⣬Ǿлˡ
˵ֹЩҶָָ⣬иҲһ㸮ϵ·һ·ˡ
䣬ܽشĹѾ°ż
֪λǡҶʵ
ǰġĺմԼīѾǣ븮С
ҵˡī迪ڵ
Ҷֻǲɫ΢üңЦԭˣ걾ž۵ʱ򡣡
ýжȣīȻ˵㲻ʡһԵüҽԶȳУȻܲǰĹȻξֹ볣죬ûϢʵ̫졣
ȻѾ͵ˣұˡҶ׼뿪
īȻס֮ɻбİţ
ûУôˣ
Ƭ̺īڿڣûбİţһͬɡҲˡ
֪ҶؾҲ󣬽ֻһˡ
ֻǿ˺µļįɫ˿롣
л˵
ϲĽݽ졾ȱ¡


115Ͽ
Σҳ䡣
ĺ븮īһĵģīֻԸ˼Ա㣬ĺķȥ
ҶŶ˵ıӰĺݡ
ī˵ˣǱӦ֮ʣЩݡīֻĸˡĪʮǰǳҴ
ҲǸȤʣֵúܣǹƺ޺ˡ
Ҷ󺧣˻⣿Ī˲ɣ
ǵҲǣʲˡ
˵ԼƶϣȴҶɫøӸӣµüͷšһ𣬴ԼĻöԷ˸пյĲ롣
֪˻ǶһЩϵ֪֮٣򵥽͵ҲҵĲ²⣬Ϲ飬壬졣Ǻ棬ֱȥ˳ܲܰǹоһ
ԭ⡣
Ҷҡͷ˵λˣѯʣδʧ񡣡
Ȥ޽л֦ѩУ£ī迴һʱҲǹ̸꣬ҪҪƣ
ʲôƣ
Ūָа齫ҶϷаһҪȱ˾ͰСٽ
εС㣬´οԱôһѴҹǮӮߵӡС֪Ҫ˵ˡ
޻ֶ࣬ؼ˻ãһ£袾ͿʼԼǮ
ֲǴƣ˵ʲô֪ˣŵСġ
Ҷ⸱ģǳ鴤ȻλҽЩԼ֪ипΪʲôղڣҲ־ͬϵˣһܴսٸء

ĺôīˣʲô𣿡ĺԼķīеʡ
£㲻̫ģҽϵ񶼰ź˲ġĺ䰲Ѱ㣬һЩʱûĽ˵ˣһЦ㸮ҲΪ֣ࡣ
īһ˿ײΡӦĺ䣬ʱӿ·æһһվûʱٻص磬±ҲԼΪĺȻߴռ񣬱㽫ӷصȫȨ
ҰѰʱʧļ䡣ҽоãҵһֿܵķ
ĺóһľУۣ¶ɫķĩʱĻ׹һݱξΪϿ£԰ĻΪԭϣԶƶɡԴ˷Σ֮Ͽ¡룬Ӧܴīܶµķӡ
īעźз㣬ܳһ㵥Ц⣬ãˡ
һ¡֪ӦξлīܡѰһľҰӼ޳ȥ
īӦһתȥãóһװõǰʱӵĶҲûʲôá
ֽѾƣҳƽЩңóδ
ĺ䵹ǽӹطһۣЦʣһдʲôô
ֻڴ齱£ƽÿģЩ£ͽᣬǣ޷ǱЩޣı޹صĶ
īܸŮԵǳʱδ߸ܵʲô飬׿ǲǳѪԵֻʣ޷ֺϵĳޡ
ʵӸոǴԵķȷˣĳ̶ֳ˵ī˽īܡֻ˽⣬Ҳֻͽʹࡣ
룬ҲáĺֽⱾӽȼյı¯Уɻ潫ɣճɻҽʰȡЩٻϻһӽ¯֮С
īڴ˯£ĺ䣬ȻĸᣬǲҲžˡ
ģұΪ˶ĺȼ¯еķ㣬һڣתַīۿ˯ɡ
Ļ䣬ů
ůϢٿȻξ
ξеӽǶõͰ࣬īʶƺͯʱڵԼ
һٷʢҡѩʢĵչ͸ïʢҶڵͶ°߲Ӱ
ķ·ԶͬӲ֪١
Ǽᵽīǳһ˫ȶ޳ְԼл۵ָסʸˣǣһһдŤŤּ
ɣñҪȣƽֱŮ˵ԶŻľŵϢɤᣬβ΢΢ʾõ顣ԣдֲŻÿ
ǣţббдһסҹ˼Ů˼ˣϲֽţʹŤ壬Ҳйⷴ飬ѽǰīͻдˣĬдҹ˼ء
īʺɬ˵ʵİ²дģŮü۽ǶǺÿĻȣЦü䣬˭Ҳ˿̵á
üī߷ֵƣֻǸ繣ԴʣŴ¶Ĺһ˫ǳɫγ覣ıʯ಻֮Ȱ֡
վֽţܵǰ㿴īԼдҹ˼ˣ
ŲO@Զһ˷ֻٻ½
վһĸͬĽãüͬһģ̳һ㡣ƵȴǽȻͬʣȻƮѩ
Ȼӹֽţϸ˿ܹд֣ȷСţһҪ㣬İдµģǰīԼдġ
ҲܲˣСʱѧдֻûôءվܱؽֽջ׼ҸطúôѼҵǾˡ
˵ţ㽫ī豧˻Уʣī벻̳ĸļҵкööòǮˡ
롣
ʱվԵʲôҵǮƣֻǱܵҪʱⳤһЩٳһЩ
īԼ˻ش𣬺ӵģģĸһֱһ𡣡
վһ漴øľθ
Сɵӣһ𲻳ͻѽ
ɤЩɬ΢ܿīߣûúͯ۽ǵˮۡ
СţСöЩ˵ˣּܶ꣬ҲΪ̺·һЩȻɤ嵭ģīӡ
һǳɫ嵭ѩڣȴŲײᣬīĸӦ㣬ǻһֱһģô
ĺ䡣ī貹
ȻĺҲǵˡأ˵īüġ
ҪԼ֡
ãȻЦЦָṴסīСָ
㣬ͿԹסһΥŵԡ
л˵
ĺ䣬վģӲȻġʲô
Ȼڿȥ볣죬ʵҲһľż˷ǳõʱѧеĹ¡
ֻдѶеҲûдãҲᡣ
īܣһӦòĶ
ʵȻϣվֿʱȻ͸һֻڻԶ泤ڳ󲻵õĻþʢϦĩβһ䡿
Ȼֵͬ顣
ܶǰīѪԵ޵ʹ಻øںľҲ
ٷصĺá


116
ȡǰˡ
ѵ죬ǮҲͶॵ޵Ǯ
ҲѾȱǮƣȴȻ²սƷڴеȤ
ҶҲƽǮƵĵʧֻǿ⽥ĺɫīѾĺȥ˺һʱ䣬ȴԲӰ
ƾżһ·īլԺѰȥ
īԺǰûмˣǿͥԺдٻĺ䡣
ˣĺ䵹ǶĿͣ޼ҶĶҶһ񣬡¡
ҶٹˮôüƯüۣɫЦǳȷ볣졣
ǲ̫˵Ĳ˾⡣
һᣬ֪աҶչգĺס
ĺ䣬ĺ䡣ԷҲܻ䣬ݽԼǰˡôΪġԵģȥ
Լʱ֤ҶĲ²⡣ֻǴ˻˵úǣ˲ԣջû׷ʡڡ
ĺͷһīķ䡣
Ͽµȼīߺĺ뿪˷䡣ʵľżӰ죬ֻӦѿռī衣
Ǵ飬ЩԶִվҲ˵ġ
˯ˡĺ俴ɫйʱ䣬Ͽ£ӦûûȼڻʺϽȥӦûѣҲ˴šߣȼҲԳӰ졣
޷ҵһȱáҶ°ڻ£Ʈٻ죬ЩٻԶ𣿡
ᡣĺһ٣ʢ̬ʵֻһЩ򵥵ѡ
Źйϵͨ쳹صĴܣֻתϡڶѾʧ
棬ϧף˳ѡҶ֪ʲô΢
˵ЦˣҪܳܣ֮УȻǴĺָ΢ٻ仨֦Ҷ󷴶øӷʢ֦Ѿֻϵش£ݱ¶Ѹٵ䣬˿ݰܵĻҶ
ĺ𣿡
ĺһתЦ⵹ҲȫйأʩУʲôҲȻʧȥʲô˵˱ЦȻ˱Ͱ㲻ˣŲʲôϵأ
Ⱦ£ˡģȾڼ
ֻνˣīԴǣҲ
ҶɵЦǱ˵ʲôŮʻᵱɷͶ֮ˡīԣȷѡš
ļ́ۿɫйʱ䣬Ӧÿˣȥˡ
Ҷף׼ȥѰĺȻֽסѹʱܻЩȶעһЩ
ãĺ䲻һȥô
ĺҡͷ쵽ˣȥ
ǺܵǡĺɤŻ֮ȥǣ忴ȥ֮ǰҪٶȡ
Ҷϵһܵ˪ѩ
ŶʱϤ嵭裬ֻĻζ
ҶܵؾֻЩԣȴ˵ԵɡϿѾپļһζ̫Ӱ졣
ᳵ·ش䣬ī޷
篴䣬ϵŮ˯չ⿴ȥɫ԰İ״ɡ
Ҷڴ齱´ս֣Ų۽޴ʪˮ⣬Լǳˮۡ
ôˣ
ʶīȥ۽ǵˮڴһ̣Էʶץס
Ҫīۣʶѿڶ
ʶԼѾУⶼԼޱϤľ¡
ҶעɫɾֱãȻȻʧıˣֻ紺紵һ˲ܿ㸴޲ƽ
ɿҶ֣˯ڴ棬Ŀʧô𡣡
˯ʱ˵Ѿһˣ̡Ҷڴߣָ޽ǵ鷢
ī貢δų⣬ֻƣۣôųѾԵټط꣬۹ȥʱ䣬öݰɡ
Ŵ¯ȼķ㣬ҶҲ֪˾ʲô
ȻֻһǳԵ֡¯ͭǣֻ׳񫣬ĪҪá
īƻĺɫճ͵
ĺͬ˵ࡣЦЦҲ
ûͬ˵ЩҶҡͷֻμ֮£֮ˣջûжֿܹ
īδδֻĬĬע
һҲˡҶһֳ򢣬ɻʵͬ˵ĺﲢǻˣô볣졣
ۼ⣬īЦһĺĸһľżǧһľΪǵ̶ɣǡͨϲŭ֣ȻҲ볣졣ĸ׽ÿҲҵˡ
ҶǰĺĽ̸ʱ¶Ũұˡ
ǿҵźʱϡȴֲɢͬ˳µˮ۸ĭʹǳˣҲеС
ʲôʱˣī迴Ŵɫʵ
쵽ʱ˰ɡҹҲˣٵ鷹˾ˡ
ī´ǰһۣʶԼͷɢģƺЩס
æױ̨ǰ׼ʰһԼʱһ˫ԼϣʾԼá
ҰɡҶīʢεױƣĸɫΡ
˿ʣͬһƥб޳С
īۣݻ˿ĴС
ʵķΧЩˣױһܵ¡ֻƴ˿̣ʱǹһһա
ȷƬ̰ɡ
Ҷһ֧÷״óױ￴īԼ͸ǿĶ׹רŵһС
ȥϲ
ԾпīĴ΢һǳĻȣȻϲġ
áҶó׹ǰһȣ׹ҲӺ䡣
ȴУյ׹ϣָƺ̰ϸ崥УɫĦһºջ֡
ҶɤԶ߽磬Ǻܺÿġ
ÿһƫƷɫ䣬תԹƻģͬѩʢİ÷ġ
˵Ϊٶ࣬ҲߵִȪ֪Ҳϣ߰֡ī÷˿ס֡
˫ȣ޳ֻգƺ㲻롣
еĶ޼*գȡǰˡ
⣬ȡǰˡ
л˵
⣬ȡǰˡݺݺʫ
ôܱôõģǷˡ
ۻЩ⣬˺ܶࡣ
ȵȫ޺˻ͳһظģ


117Ǿ
Ըóˣ¡
ȵҶīʱ˶Ѿ
Ũľڷī費üִӲ֪ĸⷿ޶ľ̳Եֹѡ˳Ĭ
ƢԽˣ˵ͰҲΪ
īһЩ֮¿ᣬǶҲνֻ˸λ¡
ҶƵ棬Ա£㸮϶ôô
ûʲôһ㶼Զٷ۽ɨһȦ껹û֣Ͱ袳һҹҲʹˡ
ôƣҹ껹ҪЩҶЦЦȻī٣ĸܻͲٶŵˣҲ̫į
ֻǿϧ겻ˡ
ҵǣҲ̫į
ãǰ壬ҹûСīԾڴˣƺЩʲô飬ٶԡ
ٴǰԽյĸģġԶһƬŵļңʱն壬Բ硣صʱģʱֻԼ븸׳Ĭԡ
ī貢ʲôڸ֮ؼвˣŷϵ˵ĵЦ㱾ԼѾûоֵʱ䡣
ҡҷһƬůƹΡ
һеУ⣬ࡣ
»ЩīüÿӼ⣬ĲͷӦ㡣
˼ңȻøָͷҶЩˡ
ī赹Ҳûƴǣ̵س¶ԷĲˡ
ȵ˳꣬ĺī֣ݸһģƽ˵ҲҶ˸Ҳһ
īݽӹüܳһƯЦݣллĺ䡣ҶƺЩ飬֪òýӣڵĺһƬ⣬¾ͺá
ҶŽӹĺлֱԷԶ󣬲ܸоôѹǮЩֵֹġ
ĺ˵ȷСīĺòγɵĴ֪ͬ׺Ҳһݡ
ͬ׺ĸֵȷҶãָźֽͭǮӲ룬һѹǮ⣬µҲ޷
򿪺ͭǮŵƻȥʱͭǮڵɢҫ۽ɫʱȴоЩԡ
һָŵĽҶЩڵϡ
ģ
˭ôԣѹǮĶǽӰ

ʱԵЩģ㷹޾к˴
īߵǰͱݺݵһۣ㲻׼򡣡
īȻóƣĿıʵףǹ۵ûвǵõġ޾ųĲȶء
ҶЩȤīֻϽ£ʾֻǿ
Ҳ׼Ǳơֲ䡣
šԷĵͷʾ֪
㰲עƳƣһԲֱһҶϷѵĩβ϶ֻȼơ
һһߡȴƣչƳ꣬Ӯˡ
ָϣϾע༸˵ɫ
īȻֻǰע棬һ˼ı飬ֱĴЩ⡣Ҷ²ɫסָ֣ת
޵⣬ͷ
̧ҶɫԷһרģȫȻƲĵģֻ۽޵Ƴ޴Ҷơ
ԭˡ
Ƭ̣ǻסҶָ⣬ʾԵĦԷָ
ҶȻָ޴Ʊϣڻ˰ɡ
һᣬѵˣʧᷴø
Ҷ棬㶼ƳˣҲưɣδ򡣡
Ĳ鲻Ը棬Ȼһһߣߡ
أδ򡣡
ƶϳˣһšֹţĿһɨɫ΢ǻеī裬ëǲ㣬ǲ㻵Һ£
īü۲飬ƽش𣬡ҿʲôû˵ޡ
Цʲôݺݵָīǡ
ī赱ЦݣɫˣúЦ𣿡
Ƕ񶾡޷߷ջĿ⣬ٿ񶾵Ůˡ
˭֪һϵȻǲĺӮࡣ
ԭĺôҶīСп
īֲ֣ĺһóˣǰһֱĸܸϵĿƶ˵Ӧܼ򵥡
ȷ̫֪ˣԭľżԻ˵ġСĺˡ

ֱɢȥڰЩջ񣬺Ȼڵī裬ͨ˼¡ΪԴͷˮ㻹ǻõãҡǮǲҵġ
ɨΧȷ˶ûע⵽ǵĽ̸īŵѵ˵˻
Ķ޶УôǶ֪£
ɫҡͷĿࡣĪҪ졣
ҲûȤֲֺõ£ֻվ˶áƲ죬ܶ£ǳ簲źáҲ׷Ī
֪ѡī迴ȥ鲻ãֻһ仰߳š
Ůӳȹ̳£ɫƣڻǰͷԶ
̤ѩĽŲҶӳԶ̻貵þˡ
ī£˾ţһʱ޻Զ̻ʢš
̻Уīɤյ䣬»ȥ𣿡
ɤͬҲȴ̺ЩڴصȴŶԷĻӦ
Ҷԣռÿ¡صļ룬ȻҲУûвȥĵȻҪȥġ
Ǳá´ǡ
꽫ڻءڰ쵵ɫУīĲԵòʵʱ˿̣Ҷȴʱ˵شһǷ㲻𣬰
Էɫī賣ҹȻûеϢʱ䡣
ٵһȰɣ£Ϳ쵽ʱˡָüޣ˼Щ
˵꣬Զʱ̻ѤõɫУīڶϣˣԸɣ¡
ʲôԸأ
ʵϸʱ˿Ѿѵϲֻ֣Ը˿ܸһЩ
Ըóˣ¡Լ˵
ԸôҲáīЦЦ٣㴵һشˮ
Ȼļ䶼ģ̻Ѥãɫһݱ´ΣǾѵðȣ÷гξ
ī˯Լϥϣָңü۵Ļϡ
ÿһ繣޿ޡ
ҹǡⶼֻܸоۿ΢̣һˮ󣬡ܿ㣬Ҳܺá
л˵
Ըóˣ¡¬ڡԪ
ԸԶԪһˣʱﶼʡ
ڱĵĸչȻ֪ܿڵĴ඼һĸߣǾ͸һ°ɡ
ʽĸߴŻһʮҿʼһҲǵľӦһǸߡ
ƪǰȷʵģҲʺûд֮ǰ̸
ԼⱾȱҷǳܱǸҺѶⱾһЩʺ϶߿ζĸģΪ޸Ҫ漰̫ණˣһ鲻ˡ
֡
ͻȻȥѯˣûʲô⣬ѯҽǺܺõĳ˹ûʲô
ֻʱʱͻʱʲôӰ£õˡ


118ν
Ҷһһۡ
ȽΣ
Ů˻䵭ɫڶմ麴еĿ̧ۣŮ䵭Ŀ⣬ƽһ
չϡıƫ׵ķɫյøӰ𪣬һ˫ͫĿ壬Ũ۽´ʱƫΪġһϮ·ȣȴһǡ
մ麲ŵطңָָָָԼȽ𣿡
šңͷ
ȷң֮մĿƣһ£麲óңѰ֣
֮ʣңΪմ麣Ҷٶͬ˵ˡ
ǶЦˣ档һü˳۵̬бʯģ·޸֮ĹСһ㡣
ңɫЩ۽ƳлϵģǱǶ˶ɫʯĳ⽣ص𣿡
մ׼ϵصȥʲôû£㿴ˡ
մȻϹΪңüнʸպõסմսĶ
Է޺ǳЦϰδһ֡
ۼнϾ޹ң󷭶Ѿʣֱմнȥ
һϻк֣էй
ɵظ½С
һԽзɢҶҡ䣬ֱ硣
ײҶɻ˫ĿڻҶתĳĿ⣬͸ĽбӳգӳҶ·ִһϮޱġÿһνת˺ƿһֶϽС
仨ȴŻǱϳԶԷĹƣȻɵתУб㼱ֻһڡƲֻоػⶼҪΪ֮ȥչҲȻʧɫ
Ưüһ
ǿýʱȫȻƽģֻ򵥽֣ң¶ۣʹಫҲûаȡԷŮղҶ١лȴδĩãնԵУΪȡ
һνײң̧ö϶ԷӯӯЦһ٣彣ƣȴֱҪƯ߷֣Ѱ۵Ʋֲ
һңӦ죬нֱʺȥȻմ̺ˣȴǱն˼Ʒ˿
ң˶ôϲ𣿵ۣҵҪǲС࣬պμˣĹƼ䣬ǸҼ̬
ңͷҲδתһ㵲סϮĽУմ麣ʱĻࡣ
ת˲մѾЦӯӯģһһʽԴ繣Էһ˵ĻᣬĿʱȻýá
ϧңǲõġӶԷüģմȻܿе롣ֻü˽ֵСϾ˿Ҳ覷ġ
Ҷ׷ɣ۷ɣˮӳ˫īҡΣ·Ϊ˪ݵ㵹
һһתײ֮ڶֹС󣬽бѲܿģﾡӣֻԣҶꡣ
ֱһûƮ滨У׽ѥһҶϣմ麴ָԼʺ˪Уɫݣֻǳع𴽽ǣҰˡ
ԣңֻƽսնµҶ쵽޷壬Ҷ羡ȴδ˵ҶƬ֡մֻһۣ֪˽֮տ뼫ҲѰ֮һսĶ֡
ңδ̻ش𣬶ĿͣմǱ磬⻪תĳƹرܸܵزǮڽʵǹᱡЩϽ࣬ԶѰз̫ࡣһĽ֪úη죬ҲֻܹԦĽܺãҲ
˵ſ佱մǹ߳Ļȣ۵ȴЦҲޡ
Զؿң彣áңнͨʤѩڻҶǲʶķҲܿһ档ƫƫһȴ˸֯ŵĽ룬ϰ̣롣
Ȳðңи飬īѾѰ飬˼ֻнոɣն˵ͷ­Щռ֮ѪȴΪнôǷãȴǲ֪մ֮Ѫǰ϶ʵ
촽ңѵ¶̬˰βſڣ彣ң㲻
մ麲ȴýսʣ۽ǹ߳ӯӯǳЦ⣬۰գӹˣڽϼҲ츳ȻҲ⡣
գңƳнĿȴȻͣڽĽϣֻڴ˿۵кɫƬҶ繲˿νգգϲ񣬶ԽʤڰϽգֻһ㰮öѡ
մ麵Ц壬̡ңĽȴҪ˵ֻǰãҪý˶Բλˡ
ɱ¾֮Ϊٱ֮ףȴҲǽʯǻ̫ųһʧҡۣ˳۽īɫһƬӰҶûȤµһֻ
⻰˵̫ԷƱЩմ麷ʯ£֧ã޳ָлƷĽʡ
ԷƱңӰ£ִ֣·ؼֻʣ彣ɱּȡϰߣһжٮٮ书ɣһʮǼ¡㽣֣ǧ࿹˻ƾһСԼĽȻԼҲס뻤ˡ
մѵóĬЦ⣬Ȼн̵Щˡ̫ཫ뱩Ϊˣ˿ִǿȴŵУң侲ǿƣгģǿȴҲڴ˿˵󲻵á
Ĭã˫ֱǱҲּ䡣䲻ܼ֮֮£ѵǧ£ֿɷһȻҶ٣˸λһ֮֮ϣȴҲҪԼҶ紵һͷ˿Ǿ塣ԶԶȥƻҶƮ¡Ʋ죬мҶһһۣԴģá
β·;ÿһǷĳڱģ

꣬
л˵
ǸǸڸϰ񵥣̫æʱкܶ£ֻȷϴǰдķ⣬еĹӦҲҪʲôǰҪǴڸóıӵĹ¡ǳǳ簮һ°ɣҲȷʵͦдġ
㻹һ°ĭ
ңմ麴ϵcp


119һ
ҡ
ָΪʼһи
紵ɢ÷ѩĩʱڣѩδڻ֦ɷѿ
ⶳݳʼϱ̡㣬㱱
ÿһҪļ䣬Գӭ£˳ȷǡʥй񣬹ʺڴ֮
ǰգի䣬֮䣬ھǶӭ
ӳݲ죬£
ݺƺҶɫױݾ£Ⱥһǣ˲Ŀӡֻɫƽվ֮䣬ȴżĿʼ
شڽ˼̫μӡֻǶ˶ų˿ƽʵ˼ز¶ŵ˼
ֻ˰ΣҶȻζջĿ⡣ǰĶУԣӬɶʱһ˵졣
ңҲʲô
ٿȻĵ죬Χʱ£˶Ծ
ͭż࣬һ˴ݵϸ̨ΣҡԽڶϡ
Ʒ̤¶
ī軳һҶĻ֦ڸ̨мǡż죬͸Ƽƴ
꣬mĶʰٹȡʵ˹ܣ磬
Ҷͷ̨ŬԸκһĻīǴŰߣֻ¶ǣڼʱ֮С
貽ѣ֫绨ҶչʢţŴ
ҶϦҹʱīѯǷμӴռ䡣
Ȼǻġȥһʢļԭ򣬴ʱ˾ǵ֮ǣȻȱϯ
īΪʲôأʲô
רעע̨֮ˡ
´ǣգҶȫȻȥֻļ˾һϮڴиȻ£˸ʤɡ
߻׹Уǵӳࡣ
īĿƺ˺׼ȷ֪ǲǴµĴǣƺһײĻȡ
ɵڵۼԸ֣ŵңһ֮Ȼǲȥġ
ϺοȺν֮;ơ
׹иȴ˾ٱ꣬Ϊڼ仹һ
ļ˾õ׿Ϻ󣬻һ֧һľԻ¡
ֻеһľ֦δţֻмССĻ
Ǹǣ计
괺;֮ǰ˾ȡһִճĻľһ֮͸˸ӣ˳졪ν֮
ʲôľԿ˾ϲã֦ɽӭ֮֡ˣಢ޶֪
ѡ֮ˣǵ׿ϣǼ˾ϲã˲öֻ֪Ǳ˾֮ˣȻºͨһ˳
ö֮ȻҲд͸֮˶˱˼ͨϵ¸õϵ򣬿ϧ˾˷粻δӦʡ
һѶУ˵Ŀ׷಻ͣ
̨ǧҶڿʱƶԼ
һһҡصټļ̨¡
ڣһ׷ɵѩƮҶǰ
īҶǰͣ£Χ˽Էһ̾ϢϧԼԵǼĺˡ
Ͼǽճֿȵǣܵõ˾Ĵ͸Ҳ֮С
˾һδֻ΢̬ݳ˻һ֦
Ҷδ̽ӹڵ˫ӡĿܿԼĵӰ
īݵҶעӣµһ㲻ײЦ⣬ֻܿشɫ
ᵽܵİ÷㣬·ؼֻǶ˶ӡ
Ҷ֣ӹīľ֦ԷһֻǣҶ֣ľ
īֲһ䣬¶ȣǣַľһ֦һ㣬ϵĻչۿɼٶţҶţƬ֮еľһ֦ʢŵһ
ҶƬ̣ɫƣ磬Ҫɫڡ
ǧ꺬¶˺졣
ҶߵۿһĻ׷׾̾
ִһ³Ļ죬Ƿ绪ĿֻһǳЦȻʧɫ
л˾
īֻһϸУٹһ񣬴ȥ
˿īڴɫннԶ
λʱΧĿַߺޣҶֻһЦݷԸŮһˮĻƿؽһһ˻ƿ
ģȻֻĽſķݡ
´ǣµػ˵࣬ҶδȥֻĲɵؿٱâȺһ̬ߵ˿硣
ƣ¶ǣϷΧɳࡣۼƵԽԽ࣬Ѱ˸뿪ϯż̨Ĺȥ
ȺԶ𽥰ϵѩδڻѾ¿˼괺ҡ
˴Ǽ׼֮أʱȺ;ϣ˼˾ˣ޹˿أϵ֣мּ֮С
ҶŶ룬ױǰŮԾ·ڵοȡһΣ˿к̳ء
㣬뷱룬ʹ£ȴǻɢȥɢѩļȡ
Ծпˣī΢죬ôˣ
ģȻѰ㡣ҶȡͷϵķΣͷ˿ġ
ۼī边Ȼϵ߶ûüȡ£Ҷժ¡īҲδ⿪ߵĲȡ¡
ӳ续üۡ
޼ӣǦ
վԼָߣҶҪȥɴ˿̴Ļʵ
¡صļ뼫ΪīʵѾΪƣֻ˳ƿ˻У޳ָ̫Ѩᰴš
̴ľϢ˯⡣
һ⡣
Ҷɤڶʱī趼ҪڶԷİл˯ȥǴףʡ
Ϊʲô͸ң
Ƭ̵ĳĬī蹴𴽽ǣʣΪʲô͸£
ҶƱķ˿ϣðɣһһʷԴǸѡѡң
īۣü΢аģҲҪ𣬵£
ȻҶЦָԷ˶ܿԼУҲνѡ񣬵ҵģȻǲһġ
ī迴и⣬˳еɫ
㣬׾ͿԽ׹쳾ɫһͬ١
ȻȻ͸µġջЭףʾҶ֧ҡ
õĴɫõĺɽǸڵµġ
л˵
ⶳݳʼϱ̡㣬㱱ӳݲ죬£񡣡ԡϴϴ͡
꣬mĶʰٹȡʵ˹ܣ磬ԡʫϡ
Ȼ޸ϰ񵥵ҺǱϲ
ī裬ʵĺܶ


120
ͬұһɣ¡
תůѩʢ
չڶһ¶ȣůϡ紵ӻѩõʱڣĽݽ齵ԺСӻ
ΰ֮䣬㱵ļƺ˷ȥü仨紵Ӱ߲
ۣȴԪڼԼ齱ߣסĹߡ
Ԫڼò׵ȵŮתѣͷԭõ*ۿɼٶȱͷˮʵǲ֪ԼǵƢԹŹֵŮˡ
Ľݽɫָ̧һĪͽƵԶñסչϣؿڣŹ⣬л˵
ԪڼҧгֱⷢʹϻҪһЦ֮ǰҵĶеüĿˡ
ÿοŮĿƢԹŹֵӣͺ޲һͱκˣֻܼ͡
޷ɴнΪ˹ضλ̫ණҲһʱ
²òͷڻŮ˺һаҪϸ˼Ըķ
ĽݽбһۣüĿ˵Ҫ˷ҵʱ䡣
ԪڼһѹסĵķŭЦѾȥˣմ麵ĺˣѰϵһԽãȻվ䡣ʮǰӳһҹռڴˣµĶЩѪԵϡԶ֧ԴˣӦǾˣûʲô˵մ麵ĺ˻š
ܡԪڼĽĽݽüʱַȻɬϢմ麼ΪƣѪУֻմ麵ֱϵˡ
˵ʲôҪºʲôϵԪڼԡ
ĽݽøֻͣҪ㹻ˡǵ̫ิӵĶֻƽ¶ˡôþֻô㶫κ͵ûʲô𡣡
ĽݽԪڼ޿̣ڱǸȡ裬ҵūһһ쵽ߺģ
Ҳ֪Ǹȡ谡ԪڼĽݽ֪ʱѾվԪڼߣѵûЦŷʣѾ˶ˣ˶£
ԪڼʵƿԣֻĽݽеô򣬡뻻ѡҡûңԼīٳֵţӣ˭˭
Ԫڼѹסеŭ֪ڻǺĽݽʱ򣬡ոʧԡȥ飬Щ֪ٵĴԡ
˵
д˵μ˾˽ӣĸվ䡣վǰμ˾īƺһԵֻ󲻻ɢˡԪڼٲ䣬ЩǴԣȷ١
ĽݽԺϸԵ˾ӡȴֶܼǵáǰЩʱ¥ǸӰ
ϤģϢ
ĽݽܿӦþ൱ʵԣǸŮ˵մƵϢ
ʲô취Ҽ˾һ棿ʡ
Ԫڼ¶ɻɫҪ˾ʲô˵˾䵭˽Ҫһ졣뿴ֻڼϣǰյĴûȥҼʱģ³ʲô⣬ҲѽӴ˵ʲôĻӦþֻһЩ͹磬ԸԸϯˡ
ī϶ɻʼҵһͷˣⷽ浽ϲװߡĽݽЦһ´ϯĹ磬ҼװŮһȥ
㡱ԪڼıøӲ죬½ĽݽһŮȻֿ̱òȣôһŮҪôװŮ
ôĽݽԳЦеסӣֻ˻ҳʱ䣬鱳ʱѾӡ
ֻһźѰӣ۵ĿȥһΪѰĹ
ԪڼȻ֪űͲóʶܵŮˡ
ĽݽؿԪڼ任ɫŪЩ޶۵ĴȷЩȤȤζõ֮ǰһΣջ򵥵Ļ
ɻϣ־Ȼζˣû¾ͱˡԸ¼ǵá

ʱսȥҲ˷صĹԱ½½طصʱ䡣
ī迿ͥԺҡϣľҡؽû˼ĺ
ʼв˲ɱܷġ
ȻɽţƵƵҲûʵ۶˽䱸Ͼûֱܽٲ
ոǿɼ̿;ܽڻʳǽ´ɱس̫󡣵ص߳Ǻ˷ĵؽֺҲûʲô
ʵٶʩѹһӪ꣬ƼӵҲûпܡ
˼ȥȻһʱ벻һʵķ
ҶҪҶ鷳
˼ƮüҲԾ
ֱȵָ⸧ƽüޣôˣʱüģ
īۣɫЦɫࡣ
βЦ٣ȽɫҪˣббпҡεķ֣ü΢ʱַкǽɫε
īЩۣԽԽҶˣδζԼһͷˣôϲⲻкϾô
ҲϾ𣿡ҶָָԼüһΪ޹ؿϾӿɲôġ
ī磬תʵʲô
𡣡ҶԼػش𣬡Ҫˡ
ó
ա
īü΢ôҪ𣿡
Ҳһʱ㱣ûйȥʱ䡣
мλѾ뿪ˣҲܾҶЦ⣬¶ɫһ֪òŻˡ
ֻǺʱټôô
ôһŮ鳤ģ
ī豾ô˵־ЩףջջػȻڵ£ұһɡ
ҶĿ⣬īֻƳҹʱΪ˷ŵѩͥ⣬յѩͥ⣬ȴҲѩҶ١ܼǵĺˣѰüķˣⱾһԸȥˮ¡֪Ϊ֮£Ѫ޹ֻȡԼܲܰյסֻ뿴ղյסսɱܷƽ
ܿ죬óҶϤǱǶɫʯĳ
δīνʱǸòģӽȷõöģ˿𽣣ҶҲ֡˵˾óЩͨ˵ԼᣬҲϡ档
ȴ¹Ȼ֦ǱӯϻĽɫ͸ɫһָ֮ӳ԰٣ǡ
֣¶һѩ׵ǣ롣
ֻһ˲֮䡣
Է񵲵ĶҲǴݲ˫īɫͫ㱿ȥӯӯģȫԸҲ顣ᣬߡ
л˵
ҪѱȽǱȽһֵ顣ʲô
±ȽΪ˼ĥľ飬ҪҪת۵ˡ


121
Ұա
Ҷǵһοī彣ʣֻһۿϳմ麵彣֣֮⣬ȴҲ֮С֤ԴպǸҲʢޱȵļ塣
Ԫ꣬üմ彣εϼ͸ʣͣѩ
ԣ˽Ϊ
һˡ
˽ܳ
㱼ҶĹҶٵϸµд³˽ΣԴᣬʷ
֣Ưù˵Ľīѩʸ룬ҶҲûɵؾãʵҲī䡣
лӷ׸Ե
ᱡ繣ҡٶΪĵ׺
Ҫڴ˾ǽжҪĻ
ô˵Ҳ顣īǳڽеײ嵭ߡ
ǸмУڲˡҶش˼īĽС
ǰȷΪī賣ಡģ͹˼ʵտԶˣѰĶ֡
һ羪ͥ仨ַ׷¡
ѩͥӳɫ֡
ҶÿһνײƺĴ̵ȶȣǽбΪ˶˷ܡƺǧǰҲڻҶ½
ȴ˳Уÿһνֶƴȫ
öδ˽߾ȫǶ궼δýʱá
Ҷȴ繡
ڰ׶ɫӰֽڣɫˮк
ֱԺ٣ɵĻ䣬ŮִȻ仨׹ͷ
ī԰׵ڷǳı죬üۿȥࡣƬ̵Ϣ˳Ϣƽ¡
īϧֻ˵ֵĿ϶ҶȻҲԴϰΪЦŷʣֻô˵𣬰
ȻЩĻҪֻǴʱ˿˵ЩЩɫ̧ƳɫҪ˵ġ
Ҷ֪īƢԣֻһЦʾ뽲
ǵʱ䣬Ԥи̣ѾʣʱˡбԺٻ£ĲУڵĸ׵ģһڵµģһ㣬ӦñҸ
Щ±˷ѿٶԣֻжҲһֳ򢣬˼ģԪڼһ
⣬ҶҲ¶ɫҪܶҲ綯ˣⲻǷ֮ʳǺ˷ҵᡣҪҪ׼
ī赭ɫ𣬹ò滺Щ²üһʱһ裬ܻ©ġ
Ԫڼأʲôˣܵ͵ûʲô죬֪Ϊλᱻī趢ϡ
Ҳؼڴ˿̡ݣҲΪ塣ī۽΢Ʋɫֻԭңǻҧ˵ĹһһҪնݳ
Ҷüī̸۵ʵЩԶڻ֪ʲô⣬»ö֡
¾ǡīüѵǿӲش
˵࣬ҵݸصǻй⻢塣Ҷϸֻǵý˼ǣʮܵڡ
۽ʼյʹţǳ֮ȥǡ
Ҷˣĵȴī꣬Ҷڿڣǰһ
ʲôҶ
ҶóһöƵĳݸҳʱΪҴĳҾõȷܻƽڸá
ƵĳҶģ¹·Өɫ󡣶˫ɫʢǺӣâתǧ˵ݡ
īã߽ؿڣΪʲôңĴҪΣ࣬¡
Ҷ԰׵ķɫһ㼡°ĹɼɫѪ֦磬һͻᱻ顣ĺ˵ĵڴ˿ȫܹ⣬ī״̬ȥȥʱҪ࣬ٶ˥ȥ
ֻǿжԼĺ˼룬һǿЦ⣬Һܵ㣬һŵʲߣҲи롣
īɫƺֲ԰֣ģ¡ǵļƻ˳еġ
˵ţܿἰԼ״
㵱İɣһ𣬲֪ʱᣬ͸롣Ҷ˵ſġ
þĬīҶĽӹǰѳдŶԷ¡Ħ桰ĺĿ֣֪ʲôȻ𴽽ǡ
ҹɫٿȻŵ꼣ֻһ˲ͼ֮£֮֪īٳʲô⣬˷ѳ֮ĹǰٿĪˣ
ȻҶٿȻϢգڶϣǾҪغˣ
˵ţָīģֽѳģʮָ۵ơ
ñĶ
ī貢νĳܱƽǱ˷ֻ֣֮ĹٿĪ硣ʲô⣬ٱԲǣҶ
ѡѳ
ϾպӦĻˡ룬ҲǺõġ
ΣءҶԤеʲôһ㣬ĿҪС
īĸųɤ嵭üҪɢɫСá
Ҷ˿ܽ۽̵Ļȣ봽ǵǳ졣
׾ܲߢµĳ¶
ҶԼԺҪǵͬӿ֦ҶȵʱȻڱķ
Ͼȥ˼ӺζζֻԼ޹
úջЩɵ룬һ쿪ڵѳȴãȵطʱһﻻ
ʲôīڱһȤʵ
ʱ֪ˡҶ˸ӣȻԸ˵
ī费ס۵׼ǳȻ
Ħеİ£ȵīٳʱǻطġ
òһŵ
áԷƺȫȻûлĳŵ̹ȻعСָƣһ㣬ҵһ졣
Ҷ뿪ʱ¹ˮкأֻҶƮ䣬Լš
īע뿪ķļһǳֱ꣬ҶҲδȥ
ǳЩĶֻд׹ǳ󸴹ڸõƽ
ֵ֪վ֣й౯źʧȥӦȥеĴۡ
һ㼫ǳֻ꣬ǼαСĴ򷭵Ũī֭׹ļź
л˵
д߾ٶȻķǳóҵʲôóдĶ
һʱľīӽչһ㣬ҲҶǱûдֻǶһЩҲóݣΪ˲׾дһЩ
ϲһ׸裬moonlitdreamȤĿһ¡


122
˾ˣò
Ҷ뿪ûĺҲΪӳǵܳ˴ȥʱĿǣīֹ
īڶʱصģƽΪޣնæоҩðࡣ
ʱˮ㽥ȥʮҲ졣
ڲȥǰһδƽһóڰ˿Ҹ̥ػӣϷƽ˾
תۼɻ䣬ĺʱڣӭ˼¡ٽڵ
ɫǣ׹жԴܲõۡ
˿ڻʹҹǰŮһϮ£ɫ䵭עŴϳϵĸɫɵشε䡣
ިƻУһҹѩʣȫȻⷱһңԶǵ
īֻƳڵߴĵʱǳըľźԵ˥ࡣޱ߻׸ʤҲЩԵοտյ
֪ͣ״ͬоһȻзöȡѪƵҩֻԼ
㲣ȻΪ꣬ӲڶϣҳȫһݵĶ
ǰЩʱգ԰ɢģֻ˴̫˳ݡ·̫Һԣ̫ڳر߳̾
̫ӵС̫ϽæȰο̫ӣ£ڹ̾ҪǱ˷ֲ֣֪Ҫμ׵زһˣ㲻ã˻ΪǶԹԱʲôأ
̫ӲΪеûҪЩôû£ʲҲܹ˭Ҳҵġ
С̫༱תȰԣ˶ûԶľ˵ĶԻһԲ뿪ˡ
̫˳̷ʵʮ꣬ᴧȵ˼ɫδŭɫ֪鲻ãֻعӵȴ
ȻεĳĬڿڣ˳Щ꣬ĺ̫ܿ𣿡
˳ڳվӣҲܷԭ
ºĴֻ̫ǽպ̫ӵ½һЩЩءһ𾴱£أ
Щ̫ӵȷЩ裬Ůͣ
˼ţֱεʹǰһ񣬡رٳҳǧϺһݡ
ȻЩκͻϣӹҪģò̬˵Ļ
䲻֪Էʲô⣬κʹףˣǱɡ
κʹһЦһյĻ̣ΪϵڸǣֻԼһ״壬˷׷С⾿Ǽʲô
ֻī΢ü
ǰЩʱҳʿɣԭ䷢һֻӦûȤɱǧī٣Ϊٺ񡣡˵ţֽҿϵĲϡ
ʱ䷢ҵľڿκġʱ˿ƲסʺĶĸУŻ
ϺȻһŴģĿͷ­ŭĿԲֵıͣһ롣
īָڵڱҪסڵѪζϤףȴҲܲµͷ­˵ݡ
Ǳ߳͵ؽѫκ˵ĽسǲͶκˡ
ǰЩʱӵؽѫҪͶκʵ۱¾ܾͶϣǴκɷͶĽ찴ɵնʿնͷ­ͻʹЦ⣬ݵŵ󳼾ɫҫչʾѫͷ­
Ȼʹ⻰ȻָϧµԪڼֻɫЩѿʱ̰ؽԼĴڸС̷ĹŮɫζȫȻƵ˶ͷ­־־壬Ȥڵɨӡ
ĿɨӹڸɫͣڰŮǰ
屻Ŀŵɫ罹̿ȴֲڵϷֻסεķ֣ˣͶлǵĺˡ
£¹٣פر߾޷뾩أɳһݺ񡣡ڵڷΧޱʱʹǰ
Ȼ֪ν⣬廹ǼڻʱεķΧͷ׼
ʹҲͬһ̣ʢһöµ̾Ķ̵Ͽ̾ƣһͲǳС
£ǰЩʱձ߾ܽӣӭʱֻɱܵ죬ϧܵʬƴأ»Ƕпܵ׸£Ը޽롣˵ţָؿɫ԰׵κʹŴκ֮ȻҲǼߴ˵Ұ֮¡
κʹȻʶеȻѰУκذӵƣǰѶ̵İ֮Я
£սʱκл亮ȱʣԴȥ߾ӣȴܷʧأҲڴˡ
û뵽ﶼá
˾ڴϸκʹ⣬ȻҲϳǺֻҧǿЦǾԸ߾ƽ޷
ֵüϵɫתƴЦפر߾γ߾̫ƽ޽ˣּ⣬ǧ𣬻ǰЩʱյõǰѱҲһ͸
ĲڸԵ˼ϲȻƪŵٱȺأٽھʹ˿硣
ŮڵǰΪϲˡ
Ůžƺīʱֻƿ˾ƱΪơ
Ůü˳۵Ӧŵ׼뿪ע⵽۽ǵϸī衣
ʱ֪ǲǽûվȣʱʧȥĵīüʱܿ˴еľƺŮûˣƺ㵹ϣˣڵʱʶץסī
Ůֵعزߵף˾ūһʱŲСĵײ˼˾ˣˡ
īֻջԼ°ڡۼһĻ˲˵עײС£Ӱ˵Ǵˡ
ýִ󣬿ŮҺʪ°ڣֻ˰֣Ů˸ƺ޷Ͻɨˡȥ·ײ˱ˡ
л˾˴Ůмֿ˸ͷ׼ȥ¡
īעŮȥıӰȴĽŲԵͣƬ̣Щߴ˷򣬶ŴæȥƫµĹŮ
īɫ̷ֻİ袣Ů뿪ķ΢ɲ򢡣
袻⣬ŵ˲עʱ͵͵˵ڣѭǵķȥ
ī费űŮղŴ֣оֻǸŮʱץһ£ȴԼԼЩʹС

һҹȻζؽīɢʱ׼뿪
ȥ̽Ϣİڴ˿̹С㣬Ǹūһ·׷ȥ󣬾͸ǸŮȥҽո̵Ĺ˴Ƕ˵һŮֻϸ۲ãŮֳұԪڼ߷ƺұĹˡ
⵹Ǽ£īҲһʱûͷֻױʾ֪
׼뿪ʱʵߵĴ̫Ϣ˶ߣ񣬡˾ˣ롣
īΣֻܸ˳̤ɫ˵ڵĺԪ
ҹɷŨϢòʣʺҪԵ⡣
Ųʣ˳ãڵ
գյ磬磬ֻͶӰϿڸߴλһ̸ЦãʱƴЦһƽӦžԴǡ
μ¡īǰ
ɣһӣʾԼߵλ£ջмҪ̡ͬ
½ٳҪ͹£ʵóīǵü˳۵ģӲʣֻӦ
֣޵£ʵΪ˼á
īһ
㸸ȥ磬Ҳǿ㳤ġδҲвǺЦţĿɨӣתҲ͡
һ̾ϢޣʹˣЩ¡˰ˣ˵Щиȼһ
֣һ󻺲߳ҡҷһ*һӰпС
ֻ֥ỺһЦĿˡ
溬Цݣζעī裬úŻڡ
˾ˣò
л˵
ע޸˻ʵߴ̫Ϊ˳֮ǰһֱڿڡ
ԪڼذϣͶ˸ϣ֮ǰˣҲرҪ


123ѩ
ֻܱʬɽޱĵĴѩ
⣬ҲǷֱµʱ䣬Ȼ㲻δ
ڿĵһ̣ī֪ʲô⡣Ϊϴεֱ׵ľܾ󣬶ԷӦûѧʶȤȴ˼ת˻ʵϡ
Щ˼ֻԺкܿһīȻòЦ⣬ˡ
λ£޻
ĿԶĶ˼ɨӣǺЦô˶ôн֮ǰʱĵòͦõģ
ôīȻãѾ˺Ľޣ³Ϊĺɹȵϵ·ʯ
ֻԼŮ⣬嵱Ȼ֪ģȴҪϹԼ⣬ҲǺʲôס
ֻҪһ˽߳ǼԿƣǼĺɹԼ޷ֱ
Ůܼܲ޸ˣҲҪ
ĺҲӹһ١ȻԼá
īʹŵỺܵ˴࣬̿֡
֪Ҳãʲôûֵ̿ģϴЦ·ǸȰĳģȻҲҪƷоѵģҪԿŻġ
īвЦҲִָ飬īܲŻᱻӭȢϲĳûⳡָ飬Լĸ׻Ҳİ·յ򡣶ڣվֵԼ
ջЩʵʵ룬Ǹ˳ģͱ¹ġ
ݵ棬Ѿ˲յȤζؿŻʵ۵ǣϡ
Ŀī΢زãΪԼںĻȸǱٸһɡ
廹ϲ˵ŷϻͬ˵֮ǰ㡣룬䣬䣬òƷҲǼõģȥЩӵҲδбõġΣ
ȷʲôܺã˲֪ػģҲ˹עϲ֮⡣
ī貢δ¶֮еĲ෴һֱȴĻڳǰһͶĻᡣ
ֻҪһڣھٶһСʱ䡣
幫ӵķˣȻֻ֪ʶʱޣ̫˽⡣
˵Ȼ⣬Ц޷ģ뾩ҪЩʱ䣬Ȼл˴˶˽⡣
ۿǣˣ⣬ʾ˿Ըˡ⣬˵ɫī
˲Ƴϣ˴ղûпڣֻнŲصڿտҹɫ¡׷ףƽӰͶ档
˷꾭Ӫ͸Ը˷īȻڡ
֪ĺɹԶ޵Ŀܣ˾ȫ޿뿪ī٣ֻھǡ
ɫݣʵۼȻѾģΪڽڶʹһλϽεѡּۻ۵ĻᣬǲھǣվǱ޳Īζؿī裬ңҾֵͬ洦ʤһڶʹݡ
ī赫Цƻ߾µĲճỡȣȴղ˫īɫͫ
ȻܿЦͬ˾룿
ֻǾãֻھǣķʽش
ǰ˼סǰ·üͷ𣬡˵鶼ֵһᣬұΪǲŵġ
Ųͣͣ΢ƫͷΪңķʽ
ҹ紵õһ˲üҲûںڰУֻЦɤǣ˾ˣ䱾ûϵڱĺ£ҪõʲôôҪЩֶεġ
īƺϸ׽ۣҹɫУǣۣͬ⡣ҪõʲôܻҪһЩֶΡ
Ҫ

֮أʹѾĺʱڣҲɽû⡣
У̨ϵĺŮһֳΧУڲʿϡչգǳɽգεʢ޷ɣ
Ҷ⼸ӪĴƵԵȻ֪
īԼʱԽԽҪ֤Եƿ
O@ŲʴҲϸ̨һ񣬡£īٵϢ
Ҷתһۣصĵɫ
ǰĸλʴʢϧʢĽƹƣصʴϡԼհγ˸̬ȲĽ죬ʴҲæµѡ
˵ɡ͵
⣬͵ī٣֪ǺʲôףҪӭȢ˾ۣӦˡʴһСһƳҶɫ仯֪Լҵ˾׺ӦǲϢġ
ȻҶɫȥûڸϵĲã˾ô˵
ûȷ̬ҲûܾӦĬˡʴ
ôᡱҶʶץΧǽΪס
īӦŻµˣôӦأ
Ժ˼ܿƵӿ룬Լ侲˼Σ뾩봦ܱԶ˷Ҫ׵öࡣīӦ£ӦҲ뽫ھǣ㶯֡
ԼĴ㣬ȾǱߵϢɡԼҶڡ
һ£ƳǱҪк˪Ľ죬Ǳ׼֮Ѿεƾˡ
Щȥһ档
Ҷף޻翴Ÿ̨УʿĲ׵չ·ɫ
ЩԱϢʿڿҶΪϲʾ⡣
ҶܾʴһĻΪοصЩʱ˵ºĸ׵ꡣҲ˵Ҷ١
˵Ҷ١Ҷ֪۶˵㽣ѩҶ٣վҲӮҡ
ҶõĦˣű׵ı󣬻㱼׷ɵѩڱصķѩ
ֻǡʱɬǱһɰðǰݡ
Ҷǰ£ʴɫһҲ¡£ҼǵôҶǵáɽŻˣˣкޡ
ǰĸ׷ʹκⱾһеĳʹǾͱ߾ͨһ̸ЩϻȻϵţϵ»Ҫӡ
ȻһеĳʹκȴȻ˵κĻ죬ͼԹ
ȻĪеߣ˸ڿѺҪʵǮơκڼν޹ȴѡʹκ
κãڶսŵ亮ɽСѩ׷ɣˣֻããޱߵİѩ
ĸ飬սȴʯ󺣡
֮£ֻԴȥɽѰĴѩУҵֻǸ׵ʬ塣
ֻܴŸ׵ʬصȴ·κķ
һѪսѪǰѩΨһɫڽκķնɱƥɱΪʳģһ֧Ӳ߳ɽãѩ
ĸֱֻԼ׵ʬ壬һһ̤ڻѩУ߻Ĺ
Ȼأûûп佱еֻ˽Գ𣬼ĵ
ĸһΪҲֻܴҴᡣĸΪγɵԼīٳеĴҲӼѡ
ϢǣǴսĸΪڴѩа̫ãԴ˺
緢ĸףӴ˺ֻܲಡ齣ٲ𵶹
л˵
ҪҪת۵ˣҺдĶ
ΪʲôôддôС


124¹΢
ˡ
˿ӿʱһꡣ
ٽٿȻ䣬̨ͤӻѩ׹Ʈ̨ͤȱŮϡ
ɫ£ݵĹԵøӵƺʱɢ֮ͥС
ҪҩѾˡ޴ϻȣͤУеһ״ƿ׸ī裬ɫζˮºԣ״һʱȻѡ
īšƿƿɫҺ壬Ҳûζȥˮ޲𣬡ѾȷҩЧ
Ȼҵҩʲôʱ⣿ⶫҺܾãҩɫζҪ鷳ࡣʣ¶мѾ㸮ϵԹҩˣǹ˯һȻˣڻء
ƿպãǾͺá
óһƿҩ裬Ҫģֹʹҩܹʹֻǻʱʧȥʹãö˿ܻ񫡣
īӹҩƿ޷ֻҪһξ͹ˡ
ѵֹֻؿī衣
īѵÿ¶ֱ飬ǳһЦô⸱飬ǵԼҪˣ㲻øô
۽޲һ˲ʵ˵Һһ㸮ѰҩĶܷ㣬㸮Ҳкܶʧҽ±оͦġ
Щҩģ㶼ߡīֳֻǣ̲죬۵ʲ
޴սī裬ƫͷôͿʼ˵ԷŲˣ
īڽĿϣƤЦⲻЦعŴǣ㣬ӦøôƲϵȰ뿪ҸطܱܷͷҪκ֪ҽӴҶȰ档
㵽ס޻˵һ룬˳īĿ⿴ȥŷԶʻ谵ѻŨƣصѹɽ֮䣬һľ
ȻīδԼʲô֮ҲĬû⣬һֱŹ뱻ӦеԾʲôҲܲµһġ
Ҫ𣿡
´ϣֻǱؾ֮·ѡīûаֲֻź̲ٲԡ
ŰԶȴã֪Ҫ˵ֻ̾Ϣһת뿪ˡ
뿪󣬰袲ǰ񣬡С㣬ǵϸŲұˣûзϿŮ
袴Ľ֮УĹŮΣվûжԼݵ΢ʹһ£ûκβʣһʱЩԼǲǶˣǹŮֻ̫ţŻһʱߴ·
ɰ˵Ůұ̷ĹʱīǣŮݶȻɣұδѰȷԼĿ
ܵؾôΣռһԣΪɽˮɣ֮ߣȷǼ¡
ұûѰˣѾ뿪˺ǵʱʲô֮
֮ȥѰһڴ롣
ڰ袻һϢҲȫջС㣬ϸұһ䣬һλĽݵĹԪڼƺǿ
Ľݡ֣Ժе˼ʯ㴮һߣ̻ǰ¥ڼֱۣ۵ʮĵóǷֻŮӡ
īֱӣæ׷ʣǺηʿʲôݣʲôͷ
袺ٿīģϧֻҡͷģҲ֪ˣ˶֪ĴڡϢǸŮλĽݿ䳤ʲôģҲֻǺܻ㱵˵ֻǵúƯԵʲôҲǵˡ
īϸ˼Űԣ΢
ǡ뿪˺һӺ󣬲Ŵ
ͤеĹθƤ𪣬ü۾£ȴҪѰԭ࣬ʱ˵ĳࡣ
¹΢ԶԶһ񣬡С㡣
ɡīºͣԼߵλá
¹΢онߣī迪ڣÿɺãû˼磿
ԭ꣬Ѿϰˣһжáڼ磬Ҳ˵˼ǵطսңڿաֻлĻȥѰһѰ䡣٩٩
īĿϣƲúڣһصκأ
¹΢һȻ⣬˼Ƭ̺ī߹£С㣬΢ǰ˵ҵµģһҪң΢һᾡĶ顣ʲôҪ󣬶Ը

ֻκ߾ƽ֮Ůһνսб²շתбһ·ī٣ΪԸǿ˲ٿͷһѩ챻һϢѩʱΪԼ졣
߻ֻ˱ѩҪİ£ͼ嵭ôᱻں°ѩ
ʱѾī̿Ĵ齱ߣڵŮһϮ£ɫ䵭ֻںδ˺úȥ
ֻƴҡͷ˵ԼļսưܲȥĺҲֱĸΪūΪ澡֪϶˵࣬ū澣ֶ顣
һֱ߶߶ī˵仰ζصͷҿ㣬˽ʶģֻѧᣬҲ㡣
ˮץסľһץסᣬƴϰֶ飬ºѾܹĶд֣īʲ˽һЩĿļɡ
ڷֻǵԼϣԼֶǲʱī̧ۿȡ֣Σ
㱾հ¹ϵʱ˸ĺΪ¹Ӱʥ֮ҲԻҲƣʾҲߣʾҲشĬ΢¹΢ɺã
ӴԼ֣¹΢
¹΢ʸαĶ飬ȴī赭ʶģҲܶЩĿ֮£˺ҲʳΪū澡
īǰٹأ΢޴ȥСһܱСĶ顣
˺īⷿĿ

ī迴ƽģ㻹
СԸ΢һ߾ȫٵ
һйϵͽұŮʱˣԪڼɶľ衣˺Ҫ취ûһĽݵĿ䣬ԵĻ취ȥ߷̡йϢж٣ᶨںϵһһתҡ
ǺܻܿڲúûӳӻκҲҪͬȥȥǰ·δܳһʱ䶼ҪǱ⵱Уκʧ
¹΢ûκԥصͷãҶ֪ˡ
šīûֻ̬ת¿̲ʾ뿪ˡ
¹΢ʱٿһӰ̶ѩһ統š
ֻһ΢ŵ̾Ϣī軹ǵã¹΢Ǽ˺ۣȴԼ˵Ҫֶ飬ٲΪūΪ澡ڣҪȥұΪŮ
£ԣҲѡĻᡣ
ΪһѾһеر׹Ѫծվ֣޻ڣ޾壬಻ͷ
īƵؿţ֫ٺӵʹ
ʹѾƵĥۡ
С㡱袵īʹıӰ¶̣йˣǸ
īΧվȥǵѪ¶һЦݣŴǵɫѪͬѪĵ
˰
л˵
˿ӿʱһꡣԷȡȵ̤֦
ʥ֮ҲԻҲƣʾҲߣʾҲԡׯ
ʥľ˵òžΪûģԲž
شĬ΢ԡʮʫƷ嵭Ϊ鵭ܹ۲쵽һ΢ı仯
һ¾ҪˣӦȫĸ߳Ҫʼˡ߸衿


125
ϹѪɺӣҲһžҹ
Щ岻ʡ
һҪ˵ʲôԣҽҲƲãЩѰͷȡ
ԴӽǳըΪΪڱըܾԵʣȻûʶƽʱī֮Ѫӵһ΢ĩҩ
෴岻ʺƵīѪʼѪƳⵤҩºഺĸо
Ϊ˶
˵岻ʣһӰҪڣǰīٳǽĵɨݣȻ޷ǰˣָһλǰȥ롣
еѡ׵̫ӡƽȷ̫ӣж֮ģ̫ǰ롣
ڰ袵Ĵ£īˮ鿻ȣۡһϸиš
ڿͷоŮѩ䣬ͬȥĶдѩۡ
ˡյᣬһյ²裬īָ⽫յƵǰ
Щ֮²ȤֻڶĿע¼޴ΡΪʵߵǧУīȻҲ⵱в׿͸һࡣֻٻ͵Ҳʡĵһˡ
ò豭˿ڲ裬˾ˣ߶ˣձ岻ʣƵЩҲ⡣
ȻԷϣȻ̬Եȡ
˵꣬ȥ䡣
ڰصȴţ¿ʱ˼ƮЩ
Ȼջƽ˾ıܾЩȥ粨ЪĽƹҲʧ˺ЩʱգڶţֵѪְҵʧپζ
ӰǧʹƽһλѰټĽƹǰ¾Ͷ֪ıЩʲôʧҲѰΪͬʱȻĽƹȴҲΪ˵ǡ
ߵĳʷĪʧٺûκαʾζʲôȻ죬رκ˻ûȥҶ鷳
˼飬عʱīѾվǰݸһɵİ״ƿˡ
л˾ջ˼ޱؽӹ˴ƿ
޷ʱ°ǧɽѩ䵭ɫзɫ԰ֽ
һ
īЩĲˮȻעŸڵӰĻ֮С
紵ôĻҡڲ뵵ˮԶ⾰ʲ壬ǰ·


ʹԪڣƣ̷ƣ̻Իͣһɨɫ
̴޲׵ü̷ڵ¡ֻһŮ齱ҩĦ
˯ϣޱ߻׸ΪͷüĹ֡
ȥֲࡣ
ŮսսΪĦµΪ꽵ŭǡ
ֱ̫̳һ밵ɫҺ壬еҺ尵״ѪҺȴûѪҩ㡣
£ҩ
ֻһضҩһ
ҩº󣬲ʱ͸о»˻ͷʹҲЩ泩ɻ׼Ŀ˯ǰָָǰΪĦĹŮ
ŮӦ齱߰Ħ
˯ȥ˵ͣŮҲֻҼϸΪֱ࣬¯㶼ȼ˼յʹѣɵǻûļ
ϸ۲Żʵ˯ߵǳûбĹŮԼȴ־Щԡ
ϵľ𽥱ƺѾû˺
£¡СĵػҲ޷Ӧ
д󺧣Ҫµùڵأ΢侲ײײܵһ̵ֱĴ̫˳ߣˡ
˳ʧӣݺݵһۣѹôСеģѱ¾ŵмԴģ
Ǳ¡Ů鼱֮ץס°ڣº񡭡ûкˣ
ô᣿˳ͷһæܵǰָһ̽ϢȻ繬Ů˵ûϢ
Ůæūʲô֪ͻȻģ
˳û˼ȥʹŮֻæĹ˺̫ҽ

˵Ŀⶼ۽ڰ̫ҽϣüͷȷϺ󣬲ŵ¡Ϣ
һ˴ʧɫػҵؿ
ֻ˳侲׷ʣǱһпֻЩ纮̫ҽԺҲÿնġ
̫ҽԺԺײϵزŶ亹˯кȻްҲеģǾΣҲ΢۲һʱ䡣
˳˿Ҳò⣬ͬȹϵһ㡣˿̱ºȻްţ̫ȥǽ沢ھڣگûֵô
ʱȴ˵ĳʺݵ
䣬ҡҷ죬ѾУֱ̫ҽǰűô£
̫ҽزߵףʺԦ졣ڰ
ϲţȴ޶ٰɫֻȷȷûϢжоͱ
Ŀضס˳´£ɻ֪
˳Ŀ⿴÷ҡͷ̫ͻȻūš
Ҳڴģһ»ʺô˷عڶˡ
ȲҪɥͶƱһаãһʡŻĸĿ⻷һȦˣͳ󹬵ƣ˭й¶Ҫųն
˰ʺݣֻֻ˳Щף´ȥ
ȴ̱´ϣ˳̫Ӳڹڣھ֮⣡Ǳã㵣⽭ɽ𣡡
˳һ㣬ҲԣæʺԸ
̣ñӱȥǱ߻̫ӻعСģš
˳Ȼ͵ǰȥŴ¡
ؿⰵɫҹĻϹǵѪɺӣƺǳҹС

Դһºǳױʵֻڸڼ㣬ңңڡ
ҹﲻͣ輧񻣬ֻǶƱһƣĸȻζ
ûȨưЩɫҲˮһѵζ
£ܽã̴ӺȻ輧
ƻδѣ͵ĸܽϵ
ܽ˵ʮ֮£̼
һ֣˴룬̴ֵӣ*ˣ˿̲ڻʹִôұ
һ̴Ҳһͷˮڰ֣ˣҲʲã˾˽ɡ
ĸܹ׵ܣ󽫾ͳʽһλƹҪľ˾֧֣Ҳп
Ƭ̣οĽ븮УؿȻȫװףϻŸɺԵİɫѪۡ
˾ǡ
ȴǰ££б䣬д£Ҫ
л˵
ע޸˻ʵߴ̫Ϊ˳֮ǰһֱڿ


126ҹ
ת˲ѤãҲԻٵķ񡣡
æַ࣬˾˵гʲôˣ
ʱץסڽʱͻȻްţ
Ϣͬ𾪵þòôأȻͣҲûʲô󲡣ͻȻްţ
Ȼֻ֪ͣżеСͻȻУҲء
ڲʱպл༱еشؼ̫ӲڳڣʺѾϢǰȥӦ̫ӻع£ǧѷĻᣡ
ӦѾǵˣ£ǧѷĻͲˣ
ϢЩͷԥɿⲻı𣿡
࿴ԼֶѶϵģиƽʱ棬ô浽˴ǰԥԥǻˣ˭˵ı棿ʺڷϢǸõĽڣֻҪı̫ӳ뾩פصľͼƹıݾͿɣ
Ҳ֮¹شǼæԼεĻţ򵥸֪˴¡
ĻŶһۣ¶ĳ־һ㣬񣬡£֮ܽҹĻᣬ̫ӵǻǿǴӴûаᣡ
ĻŵȰݺݿţඥ̫ӵĹϵ˾֪ѵһ£𣿡
ɫԶҡȴھ⣬ûлʵܹʮǻʵҽﶼǵ̫ʮе࣬ĸֻҪ֤Ｔɡ
ӰֱֻЧڻʵۣڵްţҲϹֻۡҪƻʹǵҪԿֻͼֱӿסڡ̫ȥǽ룬ǧţȺվ̵Ļӣٴگ̫ı棬͵شˣ¿ɳɣ£ʱ˺ܴͣ
ķоݣʮֱӻʹֻҪ̫ӳǲЩ̶ӣڹģֻбýҼҲЩ쿴ŵĻӣûϹսýУͳ죬ҪԸģֻ
ǵȷвСʤ㡣
Ҫǣ̫˺Ƥiǵǻȫ嶼кý
⣬һDѵһӶֻ𣿣
óϱټ˽»ʿӽߺλʹڴϢαУʺϢҰģ̫ͼ⾩ı־ߣҽݣ
һ˶صĽ鱦ӣҹɫ뵶лӳкűĽ
ҵڽգıɱܣλǧ𣬷򻧺
Щʿͼִ󷽣ǮڿصĽ鱦Ķѡ
ҵıɱ֪˭Ⱥиߺһ䣬˶׷׼Ż
ҵıɱ
ǰȻʲôţˣȥ⣬֮£ȥ֮±Լ̡úõӦ
ҹɫУԼʺһȡ
ǰԼʱ˵ЧԼҪõλԼʧƣ̬Ⱦ䵭࣬һҪԼ޵ģ
ǽͷߺޱȣ£书ǿ˿֮ʱʶ࣬Լ̡ǲʶҲûҪˡ

ҹɫûƲһ˿¹Ҳޡ
Ũڵҹɫ£ִǹУѲߡ˼ĦӲֻʣͬŵϢյҹɫŨóʪ壬ѹ˴
һУξŸѲߣפصĽյʮֵľפػʳǡ
ǻʳǱŵ֮أűƣͿ̫̿ʳǡ
̫ӵ»عӭݡ¥ºȻ
̫ӵôôع֣ų¥ȥȴڻҹɫ俴¥˵ţһʱжϲǵݡ
УξǽʿԸҪóȻţȥʵݣȷ϶ٿš
ʿûķԸһĿעڵ·ʶͶϣӭݡ
Уξ죬׷ʣʲôַ˭
Ͳʵˡ
ˣУξҲµ˵׷ʲôҪڸߺ˱ƹϧ˵ĵ죬ɫµһͷ­ѾٿȻ䣬Ѫ˳űשʯ
ѪҺ̣乬ȵ¶ȡ

Ľݽ
ԪڼæƿĽݽլԺţͿԷӦǸԡ꣬ɿϲһͷڷ
ۼҹСеشԼ޷ĽݽĿ䣬תһȷʲô£컹ŭʲô¾˵
ƻб䣬ǽߡŵ
Ľݽ΢ƫͷҲʵʲô£ͻȻ⣿
д˵ͻȻУʺϢҪȥڳǽ̫ӻع˵ʺı棬ݣѾˡٷɿ죬ڻʵ۱Уʹңӳõʱ뿪īٺŲ׽ˮ·ȥ߾ɹڱ߾Ӧǻκ
Ľݽȴϸϸ׽Ԫڼ仰̺ϢʵͻȻеģ
ǣڻʹҳһҲûг֣ʵȷˡ
̫ڻھ⣿
ǣھĻֻ꣬õǧţعֱ췽ҹ̷ԪڼĽݽУûаֶģиߴٵ˭Ӯ˭䣬˵õĻˣϽ׼߰ɡ
Ľݽбһۣĵؼŷβˮ飬ˣֻǸȦףӲҲһ
һͷˮӣĽݽ֪ԼҪ˷ѿͬͣҲֻ֪ǹ䣬˭Ӯ˭䣬Ҳʤߵ߾𣿡
ʵ۱±Σƫƫʱ̫ӻھǣ콵ĺ£ֻȦסĽݽ֪ʲôֻζһЦϣֻһʼ㲻õģպȻиҵʱӳȥġ
ԪڼҲĽݽǰЩʱ˵ʳǱø͵͵ٻʹڵ󷨡ֻ׷ʱŮһģԸٿڡ
ĽݽĿ˵ĿȴҲòŽжϣ˵ĻδвӦġ
ȨƬ̣ҲĽݽ֮ת׼뿪
ȵȡĽݽͻȻס
ԪڼɻػͷĽݽȴѾվߣȻǸȦף㲻Իˮ㡣
ɵŮЦȴΣգ磬Գȥɱˣѹ۸һġ
Ľݽ߸Ｘ䣬ԪڼȻæ΢Цǵ߳š
齱ߣŪŷʪĩβüٿȻЦ
ķչҪľ࣬Ĺȷ˼˾մ麵ϢܿͨеĹϡ
ǳըʧƣٵಡ̫ӴΪǼ룬ÿһƺõȦסƵ·ٸᣬһԤĵ·
û뵽ΪͬͬбʴǧٿףһӵģȴԻٵȥٵ󷨡
īĺˣ֮մ麵ѪҲҲ֪̫Ż̫޴ҲȲѡ
ٿȻŵѤãҲԻٵķ
л˵
עĽݽΪԪڼ֧еľ飬Ǹ֮ǰȻдˣǳǸΪһ¾飬Ķº롣
ףҹ֣ʱ䶼ᾡ߳Ҳϣҿ졣
ǰ˵ĴŵһЩοΣٴǿⲻϸȨıģܶطһϽҵûô߼ʲôѧƯŮҵȻ̸ľˡ
Ǽ򵥽һ±趨⣬Ƴʮ뱱
ʮҼ˼帺Žǰ׿ؾģǧţ̶ӣǸӶƽõġ
ýҪǸǣ־ʹʵۡ
ԹҪĲ߷Ǳýþƻƻˡ
ڴŽҪԣĳλʷ֪ʿѾ֤ˡ
ĳ˵Ľ˼·ȷûʲôĿơ
ĽƶȶܸӣϾʵҲ½ѡͲˣǰҲֻǱ˵⣬©⡣


127ҹ
ī裬һӶıԶǡ
ҹڵһ˾ѵġ
̬ǿӲʹԼϵһ˵ҪǾȻǿҪ⡣
֮£ִֻܴǰ
ΧŵȫװĿǰĵյǵͫͬҹǱȺǣˣı¡
ִڽϣʱ׼ʵƣ˭
£ͷ˶˶٣ֵҲδĻʵ۱¡
Ȼ֪ʲôΣ⻹ɫƽʣҪʲô
½ĪţʺϢزɥϢҰģµȻ̫йءѾˣǰǣ˵ĲŸɣ˹ı¡
ϢɫҲ𾪣ú侲׷ʣôͻȻްţ
ͷ˻ش𣬡Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵Ȼ̫һѲ˸ϵȵڹʣȻ֪ˣ
ȻһȺһ쿪ѾӵµٷƵΡز׽µ֮Ϊʲôƫƫ̫Ӳھڵʱ䣬ʵ۾ͱˣ
йһսӰֻĻʵۣӦҲ뿼ǣͳʣҪԸһȷʤġ
»̫ˣ鷢ɺϣĲһȦ
ºΣҾûӦһƬ̺⻹Ҫܾ
˵Цڻʱ𣿡Է͵شѵҪ̫ӻؾǻ¾ûκλˡҲ׺̫ӵǻҲֲã壿
Էķһ˲ͨɻȱڡĸӴ󣬱ֱܳ谮iǱ̫֮λȻ֮򲻵ѣҲܷȥƹ֮¡
νΧʦڣȽٵһ߹ŻȮͷһ㲻һеȥ
ɱֻ޵Ӻ֮ǰѾ¡
ͨһɫٿȻ԰ףæȥȰձ壡
ǰȴһֿɵӵıĿעˣܻ֮ͷҾ㲻Σѵ̫ӵǻ֮Ź𣿡
ȷ֣һһԴֻ·һ
޿ɾҩ޿κεرۣȻǱЦֵ֪Ļˮǲ˵ġ
䣬Ѿ׷װγ˵У·ԸʶĻǾֻܵˣ
˲ӡ

죬⸮ǰѾѪȾһƬѾնɱִϵ˿ѪȾۣ帮ļҶҲв
̴ӹʣô죿
⿴ſںµʬ壬ʰңҪ߳ǡ
̴ӱľһҪڻ߳ǣ֮͢ô죿
ЦȻҪҵģңҪҵˡ¶Ӷ񣬡ԼѰˣҪҲˮ
̴ӻҪ˵ЩʲôȴĶŵŭݳ̸ұҪ߳ǣû𣿣
̴ӱŵȥΪʰװȥˣֻܿʰһЩҪ֮̷Ժʹīٳȥ
ҹХظա
ǽľǻһƬžȫȻ֪ڵĻʹѪȵɱֻ㼲֮
սݶΪŭŤ
һ°ܣԼҹûвҹԼѾԼٿĪ硣ȵʱ㣬ǰϵе¶ᲨԼ
ЩľӪıǱһ
ҲͨˣⶼīڱֱʡֲڻʵǰͻȻתԴӦԼ׷ԭֻҪһԼھǶͣһʱգ±֮ʱ
Ҳ˼װݷԼͱԼϵС
һһʯĺ塣
Խ룬ԽǺӴһʼֻǾҰģԼã˭֪ȻתͷβŮ˵һӣ
һһҧгݵؿڣ
īһӶıԶǡ

ڽҹȻ˯ȫȻ֪ѪɺӵҲ٣һ
볯ֵ̣͢ΪЩӬӪ˷ѾʶǾһˣ˶Ҳʶ࣬鷳˴߶š
սˣܹǽ˲ٳҡ䲢⣬ɰеĹվҲǻҧ˵ġ
Ľݽ£Ԫڼɱңѹ۸ʵһơ
ǣ˵޵˷Ī
䣬ѾɱǸĲֳλֻһ֮ңıһ·칥ʶ̳ǣƣӦŻᱻֶϳʹ䵽Ϊɥ֮Ȯ
ɱ棬ԱѩޣҵصκصǻλҲٸͷ۵Ķ֡
ҹ渮ȫ޷УֱȣζǺѣһ۲žѬ̱ǣѬֱ
ҹɫڣСĿռͨ
ˣ
ѹҵ飬´Ҫ롣Ȼ֣ͱŰȵ¶̵ţƺѾ޷š
űʶⲻǼ򵥵ˮԼŮ֣ҲӦ
ΣҪƴӳȴ־ȻҲصסڵԼܿİӰ߶
뽫ڷУ
Ũ̹ΣƫƫĵδԷ鼱֮£ֻܽڼӲȥײĴӡ
ۼѾҳһȱڣغļ˽죬죬ټӰѻҪٵȥҪ˷ʧˣ
ܿ촰ֱ˰Ѹɲ񣬻ƶʱʢ
ŭգ̲סֻܼѰƴķ
ϧһֱϼӲ𣬻ԽԽҲʼúѣԽԽͻķ
ǱһյľʹǺòϿԣˮģǰߡ
нžȼУͻȻĲҽС
Ѫɫɽճͨ͸ɫ󽦿ǽ濪ĵ
㱼ƺһѪϣ̵ģȻ滹Ҫȡ
ҽ󶼽΢Ϣ
Ľһһն˴ֳɫӰƴ롣
ϢȶЩʶƬ̣ץס֣ק𺣡
л˵
д˿дˡ


128
һΣء
ϹһѪɺӣյĻڣҹɫзĺâ¹䡣
ҹϮͻȻָ֮ڲӦŵĵֿվͽ޹سŴ󿪣˷ܵʿ̤ʬѪֱʹ
ƺ󣬱ֱȡ̫Ԫ
ʺ󶼻ָԷı棬˲֪٣ֻϹֻۣЧ̫ӵĽֵʬȥԪĹϡ
ɱڽգԪǰ빬ߣǧ𣡡ھвϻ豦Ķʿ档
۾ӳյͨ죬̰ͬѪڡ
ȵƺԪ˳ǻ¶֮ӽΣ
Ĵ̼£¸˷ܣ˼ѪһźԪ档
ӣӵׯϹѾΪһѪ޳ѪĽϽ̻Ի͵̨סĽڷĹֻܲȴʬ¡
ֱһֿʿأЩ΢ɫ˺ƣһ⡣
ЦУֻʣ¼ŻʺµĹŮ̫࿴ڵѪĳȫɪɪŮˣǱ
ŭǳDҪ췴𣡣
췴ָ̧£ʿֱƽһҪ㣬ΪʲôͻȻţⶾʲô
µɫһͣȴ̻ش𣬡˯ʱŵģҽѾˣ
ǣ˭֪ǲ๴ᣬ޷ȵȥγԵͷȻͻ˵ˡʿָӵץ
ңŴʿǳ⣬ǻҲ̫󣡡
ʲôΪԴǣЦƾ㣿Ҳ䣿
ߵļǵֿͽ޹ܿͱ£ǿŹڵ档ǰȻⲽŻʺǱɫ
벻ͨľǣƾʲôǻʺi̫ܵӣһҺãƾ˼ꣿټĹ߶ţϻŵģδʬ塣
ĸȥ˲
ҲǸʻŻϵ̫ӡųЦţ޷ģϾͻɱ׽ĸžۡ
нţ˶۾ع۲ŻʺĶţע⵽ϵʬ徹Ȼָһü΢
оԼ˯ãʶʱֻͷʹѣȻУȴҲ̶
ʶãڻָЩʶþȫڵ˳֡
ʵһЩ΢ܿû˴Уֻһֱڰ۲Ĵ̫˳Ķŵظߺˡˣ
˵ĿԲŵؿϵĵ˳嵽ǰ££ôʲôʣҽҽ
ͷʹڻЩۣͿӵʿеѪĵС
⿴ͷ󺧣ʹŭˣ޻ûǾͼұƹ𣿣
ͻȻѵ壬ɫ԰ֽнѵڵءôḸʸʲѾ𣿡ѪɫĴţʲôˣû徹Ȼû
Ͷ·ץסһ㼤ظߺƭˣ㶨ȻǼٰĸʣˣƭץ
ڵʿһͷˮûһ˸ǰ
Ÿʲôȥ£ͣس´󺰴Уȴûһָӡ
ѺŹصĳ¿ѣ޺£ҰģƹңɱֵܣףҲۼˣ
ó¿޺忴һĻԷʲôȻ
ŸʲôҪӰҲɱôĻŴպǳһ
ɫӰȸ֣DǰһнѾɣ˫ϥʹѸٵؾͱڵء
ɫİӰ̼Ϳ˵ڵľơ
ȼ٣ˡӰӲڹڡ
DںԪĵ棬մȾŰ߲ѪĴʯשӳ̻Ի͵Ĺ԰׻Ȼݡ
Ǹûʵ֮ͿԴȴ֮ԶһҲδܴ
˦ִ׹䡣
һΣء

ʶƿӳߵǻ谵ĵĴשʱǻǻ֮ȥƸ뽹Ϣҿ
쾪һŵˣϵĦܿߵ˴ߡ
ǴָסŮܿȷ
ʱûʲô󰭣֮ǰѾ岻ʣΪڻ˶ЩƤˣЩʱվͺáܿջ׼뿪
һץס󣬿ʱ˻ƣֻغ֣ī衣
ī鵹ѵƽģôˣˮﲻ
ϸԸſǣôӳģ
䣬ŷڳƲĵƻǿī裬ʱԵɡʱī迴ȥǱ׾ļ̼ڵգǴһȾذ۸ǽڰ߲˿ӡī֣ŻƷĽʣܽδʣĴָʱڽ϶պ˰ɫѪգϵŵĽҲѪȾ졣
⸱ģôǺԼһƬ
Ҳʶãī彣˽Ȳѣʡ
㡱ͫѵõ¶˸ӵı飬Ҳˣ
ԷĴǻһƤЦⲻЦĻȣģûڣ֪Ҿȵ㡣
˭֣ңյǳ¡
ī贽ǵĻȸ˼֣Թ˲ϾûǸ㡣ҹԼ̫ӲڳڣΪ콵ƹȥˡ
۽ɨһȦΧ˴ڵУ磬йʱ䣬*Ӧˡ
DĻΣȻҲˡ
滨˺һӲī˵֪Ϊʲô´˵ƵᣬȻأɹˣǻˣ
˵ֻǼԣʱҲˡīʹֽۣ󣬡DȻֻǰæһ
ȼ仰֪Ȼī˵ɡϸ˵Ҳ׷ʣ˭֣Լĳһ飬Ԫڼ
īֻ丩˵ǻҧ˵Ĳ򹷡ıɱ㣬߸
ԪڼûзŻᱻԷ㣬֪ûзҸϱˡ
㸮ֻЩ޴ˣԪڼǼɱֲҺ㽻֣ɱ˻Ǵ´ࡣīûаɫް㲨ǣ㻹ǶԼԪڼѹ˦º㣬ǰɱ£Ǳ˼һ˵ìܱڣһٿĪ硣
Ͼڳе˲٣侮ʯ˸
治Ц˵˵ڻʲôİ취
ȼ㡣Էָܿһ·
л˵
ǰǰСĸɡĸˣΪʲôûһ滻
֪ī书Ҳ֪ī彣ΪĸںīѡҪȸλĸϤһ㡣
һЩӦò趨


129޼
üĿȴ޶
˿ڣǼʬͻᷢ쳣ڻʼҰֶΣȻģƲ㲻ܡ
ղī谵ɫͫƽǲݻլαװһôֻҲһ⣬𺣰ˡʬ嶼ճ˽̿ƾʲô˿ڡ
ʬ׵أܲԡ˻ʡ
˾Ůʬ㣬𺣺Ӧ治αīѰþ̸𼸾ҳл˵Ļȴ˼
ʬ壿ȻθߣīǶץ˺ۡ
Էûлش𣬻Ӧֻ˫ɫӣ΢ǵӳ޼еҵ
üĿȴ޶
ʤȻվǷſī֡ûлشҲ֪˴𰸣֪Լûʸ
Ȼ㰲ܣһʧıɱҵ˺ȫ𺣣վΡһʵΪˣԺֵΣֻһ
ڿīǳɫʱԼ𺣡
òôԶǳ£ֻҪӵƽͳīٳǼɡīӰͶڱǽ棬ŨصӰŤĿɲ
˲²⣬ǳʣΰţټδӣ
˴īٵ˽լٿ׽ͷڵҶѲ飬īϵ̴֮У˻ȥӳǡϣ΢ӣѵ˽ҵһ㣬Իָӡ
ӳǡζʲô浱Ȼ֪ī׿˵ʱһקסī½Լֱӣˣӳǣ˽ʲô𣿣
īɶԷקԼ죬鵭Įֺ֪αҡ棬ôκ˺㸴Ļ𣿵ҿԡǰֻһ·һ·ȥӣȻҸ㸴Ļᣬ㸲㻹лκ˽֣ѪгУʷ´ԴӵıԸұ㵱ȥܣ·
Ϊ⣬ֻܿʹŵīɫ˫ͫ۽µŨӰ䵭ɫµȴżȵķ񣬻Ὣǰеϰմ
ãȻģīеķңǰźʱԷ㲻ϡԶ׼ѡҲ֪ʲôԥġ
ֻǵĮַקԼϵ֣㻹һʱ俼ǡ
ûʱ˷ˣʱ䲻ˣҪ
īת뿪ңڴʱƱһЦ
˵ӡ
Ųֻһ˲ͣͣīջûκͣ뿪˷䡣
޲Ҳ޹ؽҪϸ֦ĩڣϾպҲûټˡ

ع˺Ʋ㣬ϳǳأҹɫڵгҲһࡣ
Ұ£ڻǶ֪ҹǳѪɺӵĹ䣬ҹ˯ʱDƹͼλ
ȻѾܳΪˣѺŭݶΪˣΡ
ĸܹںԪǰధϢŭҲһλ乬
ܼ˾ûôˣ̱ǣ̷ּйֻ塣
Ҵͷѱƹ࣬ڳǶпٴ
һʱܼ뱸ܳ谮Դ˵̨ɢ
ۿ¥촷ۣһΡ
ʺȻ˴Ӯңľ־ȻȡӴܹi̫֮λ
ֻڳǽ̫ŷ󣬾ͷӬһڳǽһҹֱعŸһصǡ
ڼһȻʱ޿̣һȵϣŭѣĸױ׽ãȴǺΪްܷ֮İ⽭ɽ㣡
ȻˣīȻ⵹Ҳ̫˳̳лλ
ֻǴ˿ûǸ˼ȥעЩϸ֦ĩڵ飬æʶ鷳
ⱳʼٸڻصʱɫĮֻԡԡϴȥӻմȾĻҳŰ袵
ѾǵĸۡУҹҪЮһƹܾˡ֣ȥնɱҹɫӳīٳǣǵΧ¹ΣˣƷӦ߳ӻȥˡ
һͷڷˮг壬īֻԡرߣ¶һιļǴ֪ǲ˵Ļˮϧˡ
ⲻɱʼͷֻ֮īҲԼȥ׷ɱҹ
˵渮Ż֮䣬ѡȥ档
䱾ȫ֮ͷˡһȻ¶͢ʱҲõȥҶ·
һ룬ĿҲǻˡ
ֻǻ߳Ǻ᲻ѣӵأͲܿƵˡ
̾һվʶ޳ÿһܣҲ޷Ƶ⣬ˣҲֻȥƫ
ˮ뵣üǵҲģ塣
Ԫڼȥཫݻ⣬ǳ֣ûκαĶ
ˮ죬īһgˮϴգ¶ЦЦɫ˳Ľëϻˮ飬Ȼô
ò˵ԪڼñԤҪࡣǰһֱôҰ࣬²㣬ǸȮܿܳǧѷĻӣԼڳҶڱ߾ãҪɱҪࡣ
ʱ俪ʼȻ侲࣬ȻûȦ֮С
ǸĽݵĿָ
ϧ¹΢Ǳ߻ûдϢҲֻܼȴ
ī費ԡϣ³ԡ
ѾڵȺãīС㣬Ѿˣ˵빬һˡ
īһȻ⣬ǰɫ԰ףؿС㣬ȥ˻𣿡
ĻӦǲˡƽػش
ԣۿͨ
ī죬û뵽ķӦ֮ʵĿЩͷۡ
Ҫޡ
ֻǿֹס˿Ǻᡣ
һ̾Ϣʲôÿ޵أҵԸܹɣӦҸе˲ǡ
īһϮ£տյīĴǰڸȺѾãͬƽֻǹǰջӰȫװ䵶
˾ˣ롣һĿɨӡ
ڽʱ׼ʡ
ƬҶƮ֮佣ŵķΧ
һˣߣ̣ȫȻԷ䱸ɫ
߰ɡ
ģˮ䣬ֻעīɪûҶС
л˵
һһ½
ĥ
ҶӦ³õˡ
DûΪҶгҪ㡣


130ĵѪ
ѪҺϿĵ
̴ľڣչϸʵӰͶڵüġ۶ѻɽ̨еɰȴѾ͸ϵľֳҩ̫Ѩ̶յʱڣޱ˪ɫʸȥʮ겻ֹ
齱ߵĹŮֻСҡΪȷ磬ԵĹĪǵü˳ۼ΢޲ýԼĵע⡣
ſڵҽỺϸռõҩԹ˶ηʢ˾ǰ£ǽյҩ
ӹյԼٴҩζȴֻᵽɬҩζźȵһڣַҩ룬ˤڵط죬ɫҩ֭ڹŮɫȹϡ
ͨһƬ
ôôˣüͷɫŭ
˵Ȼ˵Ϊյҩ鶾ʱҩֻ֭ܲϿͷūȥضһ롣
üͷƺԣʱߵߣ£˾Ѿˡ
ɫ̱û˼ȥƽһҩֻɨһǽĵ棬Ѷʰɾһ̴ף˴
ʯײǵΨһ죬һɨǰѹսϢԹصüĹֻܿѩɫǰʩȻ߹·ΨһĽ㡣
ī̤ڵĵһۣ㿴˵űɢĴյƬѾȻϲɫǰ£ȫ
μ¡
ٳδظڰǰĵ˫ЮƵ˫õע
īմؾ¸ĳ԰׵ķɫۿϸһƽǸģٹȥ·ʱεڵϡ
û˵ֱʰõյƬŰ˰֣°ɡ
źĹôûʲô꼰Լ߹һա
ī軹ڵڡ
ͭ¯ڵķ㻺ȼʱõϻƵҲûпڡĿʼͣϣ˫޲￴κ쳣īֻǵüףȴֱعڱĵ档
ֹ⣬ıϵıĥѪۣȴɫ
ī˫Ѿľʧȥ֪ڿ˿ڣչһ£Ϊû˾
أһߵף̬˳ֹܣδռ¡
ָѹаָīʱ˵ֻǾųɾŶŵġ̫ˣɺϣƫƫ̫ӳǰʱ䣬ԼѪƵҩʣøDһУ̫Ӳھеľʱ
ãһЦ㲻֪ΪʲôƫƫǷҩͻԹȥ״
֪īشøɴ䣬ûаƣҩѪҺҩҩ塣
˻ȥǵȷû©ī賣ҩѪҺв֪жҩģһζҩʱӵҩҩ嵼»ʣҲûпܡ
ī׼ˣҽܴҩҩҩģȴ޷ҩĳɷ֡˿ʻûȷ֤ݵı֡
û֤ݣϵй٣ὲޡ¹׷½ġī豾ҲûָܹȫˣҪõģֻɵıԡ
Ԥ֮еģȷûзһ㣬ֻߣ֪ǲФӣ֪޻Ժ󣬾ͼ͵Ҫ޵λã㣬һ˾ȴһ֪
Dһ£ĶǳDĹԱǹѲҪ㣬Ҳֵõ˾ռļ˾ƫƫīԼһ֪㷲Ǻ֪飬ֻٴδռװƣһо͸ǿ¡
ƫƫīǵü˳ξǴģ˳֮ʧְ𷣡
Ųƣɫӳͷ𣬡̧ͷ
Ȼ޷ףɫ⡣˵޸η㣿˾һְ㵹˿ʤΡ
ͷָ󣬼ιǴʹüͷס۽ֹס⶯¹ʪˮ
԰׷ɫµҲݣ۽ԵˮΪƽĴ·һ顣ֻһԲȥ޺
ɫ岻ֿʼԼǰжϡʼղȷīȷ׵ѪжֽţĿΪΡDİ֣ôֱ¶ıԼƫƫԼֻԡת˼·˰⵹ǫ̂߾̫ӡѵҪ̫ӣ
ܡƶϣīʺ伸߱ĸ֮˳ԹȻܰʺ
ѵ˵˴Ҫ߸˾ʱڣڰ񣬼˾̨һӿ
Ƭ̹⾰䣬粻ֹ۳ɸӵɫ
ļڣһ˱ӰͱƵײϷǡ䵱ףҲǸƣѪ۽ǹذϣοƬƬĵ
ԼѪҺδδ𽦿ڴʯשĵ档˫ڵͫԶǲĴݣȴ˿Կʸĺ⡣
īס̫Ѩʹ¹ãһףϢŭ
ֻǻŭ޴йŮü۵ʹ˳ģԭӦʯĸ׸ÿƣ˭֪һɷ˪ǿȻ̬Լһǻŭ޻ϰá
˼ĩȴЩ΢ײ쳣
ǰһŨصӰͶڱĵ档˾ǸֵصˡīϵĹϵġǸϧˡһ仰
֪Է˳ӻش
ҲͣҲöעһ¼£ϾīϢ˵£Ѿ֪ٵ⣬üͷøⲢˣһٸѡʵˡ
Ļڴʱ˿˵ɴΣյζаʾī赱Ȼס
ڸڳµָɫսϵ˿˺񾭣ѪҺģɺ졣īȻɫ˵ƽлл¹ġ
ۿīʲʲôǰʧٵ⣬𳡵棬һͷöҲٺ˷ʱ䣬ҲڹϷظ
䣬ŵھⶼǰȵĵطˣȥԷʰһ˾ЩʱվסڻʹҲñ֤ȫ԰գĿ⼫īϣδ޵κ˲̽ӣ˰˼ڼ˾ϡ
īߵлվ뿪ϵשʯѪⳤɪɫϷĿ죬Ѫĺɫ

л˵
;Ȩɾ˺ܶ࣬ȻҪǣºŰŮκιϵǴȨìܣ޹Ա˼ǻԱҪġ
ֻǰдǿңŰŮֶûκȤΪ̫дǿңǿ϶ǻġ
д˵϶ҲҪìܲŻñ͸ˬ
٣īֻϲڵͳܿŭӣڰ֮Уġɱȥģٷġ
⻰ڱĵķɺŮ⣬һ£Щײ趨ϾʮǰҲ̫øģ˼ҲǰԽɫԶࡣҵдϰǰٺﷴɼеģΪһﲻÿɶи൱һֽɫûʲôڻңȷʵԸдŮɫ
ֵķɵĻ϶趨ŮɫġĽݽӦҲרŵķ͹µġ
ȵеɱ˺ûʲôнɫˡ
ܿڵĶ߶Ƚϰ֪ģϾʮǶû׹Կȥʲôɹġ
ддˣһʮ¿ʼߣһ飬ġ


131Ũ
˼
ҡҷдŮӲһůƹůУǳɫ·ڻķǣβǵЦմȾů⣬⹴ˡ
ҹɫæµ귱صҶԼʱԼ¡
ʼ䣬£Ķд
յüĻ̵ƽ޽ƣīټģ亮·üã֪˭ͬ
ҹϿ£仨ã½硣ʱ仨벻ɨλġ
дˣͣʣʸ˵Ŵǣζҹξζ
ƹʱһǳȴζá
ｭϴãɻ䣬ü˹顣
ʵ˼繣Ҳһ˵ֻҲ֪˿̲ߵʱ䣬Щطʱ˵á
ڴʱŮǰ£
ҶƳһ۴ɫܵʲô£Ҫ£˵ɡ
Ůѹ֣Ǵīģ˵Ǽ˾
ԣҶбʣֽҲۺ÷ֽ£ɡ
ź£ڴŷ̽ƣ뷿䣬ͿߵŮӣֻڼճΡ
ڱҹ˪¶У˵϶Ĳϣڵƻʲ塣
ֻҴҿһۣ͵ͷȥһ۾裬ĳŵĶǱصУˣЩԴУҶյñַһҪԼеü࣬Ӻĵʤģֻ亮ɽҰĴܡ
ˣǰλ»ƽʱǵˡ
¡
Էֻ̬ͣͽָָλɣҹīٳʲô£
ҶŰϱ˪¶մʪοˮۣѥĺۼȻǾһҴҰ档
ȻǾ춯
شҶһسգ֣ǵߺͷ¥Ǳ߶ûκϢߵˡ
ԷЦ˾˷Ըˣһ±伴̳ǧأȻҪЩ
īٵһһϸ꾡Ҷ
ҶɫɷɱΪֱ࣬ϸ˰ı档
ʱԤĿ࣬û뵽īѡ˶̶֣һҹȻΪеĽ
ӻ߳ǺҪʲô͢ʧȥ˶ΣٲõԼ·
棬Ҳȥӵ·ϡ
ˣ͢ûпõĽ죬ҲһսĶ֡
Ҷȴû֮˵Ϣ˾أ
ɫһƬ̺Żش𣬡Ϊ廳СȥѪӵҩѾٽʹԷ
Ҷ̱ýɫԷæС֪żҸصǣⶼİ֮Уʹعж򡣶ɵ֣һƽϣΪġ
Ҷ⶯ջû˵ڣֻǾλá
βǣúǿڣ屾ͲãڹбòչˡԷͻƧʵ۾㲻ҪЩֶΪ׵ġ̫Լվˡ
С㣬ȻҲ֪Ψһͳһż㣬Сױ飬ԸԽ
Ҷæӹż˺ŷ⣬ֻбһֽ
ֽϱʼһ˷ǡ
һ֡
Σң뱱˱
Ҷֽ˼Σȷֻһ֡ЩЦãҲ֪Լڴʲôĵȷȷīķ
֪ˣ׼һֽ֡ϸϡ
Сī٣ز׽£ҪīҪĶ޷ǳǡаţ˻ӦҪԼע⡣С㻹˵ñ֮£ӦΪ˽⣬Ū
Ҷױʾ֪
ԸѾ꣬׼ǣиˣҪīٸ
ǰһҶ
С˵Ըǰ·̹
뿪޷š
ҶֻԶעԾ
֪еĲֹԴīĴʵԼһֱ˽
ڽ֮ǰ֪ԭīһֱΪʵ۹ѪҪѪҺҩ
ֻҲֻܵıɽһǣΪ֪֮֮С
ȡǽҵ彣ʱкѩ
δ֮£վҪд
УΨһƾ֮ӡ

˵ûûдû뵽徹Ȼûֻǻ˯һҹ˹Ԫڼȥ鲻ЦݵͬߵŮ˵DѾΪˣˡ˵屻ÿѪ
ĽݽΪпαϣ̸ĵתţݱ»Ƽ䣬ʹǳĻƺϾ겻ɢı
˵ˣǸȦףDҲֻܴԼҲδʲôһü
ԪڼѾϰĽݽ̱˵ʽԭ˵жɴߣȿ־ǡĽݽȻǡ־ĽɫΪĴҵѡ͡
д˵Ѿˣǵֻҵһ߶պ˵ʬ壬𲻳˭ǵʱȥˣһûȫ˻ϳˣԪڼɫѿ࣬һղһղ
ûȷʬǾҪû֫ٺӿʹûԪڼЩԶ׼£Ϣ˶Ҫ̽ңȥЩ¡
˵꣬㲻ͷػ˻֣ʾԪڼҪ*ķ
һߣԪڼ뿪˷䡣
ݱ»㸡֮У֪˶òۣȴԭϱԼҶѷŵ鼮Ѿѵ滹һյлȵ²衣
Ľݽյһڣ۽Ƴűõ鼮ֲѵ룬ЩǷűఴվġ
ڷɨһܣֻǽǴһŮü˳۵ذš
Ľݽ֡Щ鶼ʰģ
ǡŮػش
ĽݽЩ֮Ͷ뾫Ůɾ٣ҲǸףģ
ūֶŮϵġ¹΢ʹۣѾźõ˵ǻش
˰׵ָ鼹ϵӡһʶ֣
СʱϹѧãʶü֡
΢縡Ľݽ֪ʱѾ¹΢߻ⲽǸ̸ùļǣּҪա
ݱ»ڱǼʸӣÿһëθڳЮ׹С
¹΢۽޲ţ屾ֻܵҧųĽݽӵĿ⡣
ΣգǷ֮ϢǱܵóĽۡ
ĽݽһȴġԪڼǸ֮Ĵֻϲţǰɵ߷̵ŮǱֱľګѵŵúֻһʶ֣³ȣŻ˳ۡ
Ľݽջ̸ˣУպ߷̰ɣˣ°ɡ
¹΢ӦһĽݽѿյĲյò󣬲Ÿ뿪
Ľݽû֣Щ΢ĩ֮Ͷ뾫
л˵
ĻձֱΪɽģ馣һֻ
ձƽʱŮдʡӡУСĻꡱһڣ¼̷ʺԭӵĹ¡
뿪֮͢յӻʺżֻһƬĻ꣬ԡ˼Իظǵˮ
ȥһ£ģֺꡣ
仨벻ɨλġʯ˽Ŵϡ
ʵĺǡգϸд˼١
δ˼


132ѱ
λһƽʢ
շãˮϴεԶᣬûɽ䡣
ƾеĽյõϢ˾ӪУȴҶø硣
ɫۣɫƵ׺ϣ彣׽̿ڣչ·ҫ۵ɫ
̨ϣԣ·ɡڿʱ̾ѩ֮ˣˡ
ֻ˰ڽӣһԲҲ֪ʲô⣬ֻ˴˳Ĭԡ
ЩۼѾƳҶϵ˿壬͸İŶĿ죬ϿСҶ֡
ΪҶһĲ£ȻöζʲôߣȻڷһſЩ꣬ȴɱõĳһѾƾɲķڡ
ƾЩˣڿʲʱɫĪ¶ԶĻ䣬ɽķѩδԼԶȥ
ҶصȴţûõӵĻֻö̽Ƿӵĳ̶ȡ
Чڳ͢Ч
õĳĬĽ֣ǰڵ֪Ϊ£
Ҷû̻شǱĿԶظҲǾеˣʶѹ
޿ƾУжŹϰ߲ĺۼ෢һ̾ϢȻʶãϲһѳ
ǡҶףָⲦ͹ңɽһУĸѹɱ˶ʮκһ䴩ɿκͷͷ­ŵԴӷѩͻΧ
ɽǳٶ۵ĵУʱȴܸѾĴ̣һƬѪ졣
ҶǸƲķڣᣬٶ츽ƺʱᱻ۶ϡأɻϵã
޿ʺɬȻʶãҶĸӦΪʹʹʱõ츽ڡҶƴֻӦʬ壬ʹֻݵĽȴδ
£ڰú޿ֻ³֡
ڰҪνڰҶֻЦ޿ֿڰ㵱ҲͬĸһͬƴѪսصõʲôǳǽְǷٺ衣
޿ֻܳ̾ԶԡΪҶĲ£ܵĴҪ࣬ҶɽһУʧȥ˸ףĸ״Ӵº乬жȹһΰյʱ䡣ȻûȥȰҶѡ¡
ʣλܷ𣿡¸̨Ⱥļ϶УԾΪÿһ·λפرΪЧңΪ𣿡
λڿຮ֮פأκѪսѵΪ˱ﱻΪīٳе׹𣿡
ž֮Уߵû졣
Ȼû˻ش𣬵ҶԽȵĺ
֪λñڽӣκκǲǣԭƶѪ⣬κˣձһл塣
ߣڻ⻼ֹֽСɱʥDͬҳͼƹλ
ɽ᧿Σλͬ࣬³ɡڴģλһƽʢҶ䣬̺صÿ˶С
Ըҹʢ˺߾պ֣ٲﱱأҲʧ
ϣ˵ĿѾִ粻ע˵Ŀ£ѪʱϡѪΪģΪǡ
޵ģ̵°ڣĺۼ
չ£ҫ۵òɷ
͸ñ˾׷棬ΪƳ
žУʴһһ󣬽ѪϣԸ׷£ʢ
ʴĸ׵ţҲ֪ıĴ£½׷ױٲʧʢġ
Ը׷£ʢ
Ҷؿžн쾡ЧңҶʱڱػܵıѹȣԤϡ
ĸ߸챻и֮һ棬У׳ʣҪ棬أնһлް
ôλī٣࣡
ʮإ󣬰׺գӫ϶ԻСвھѣɲȣ˱ࡣ
ƣֱ£ʷ֮䡣

ҶѸٿٽƳȥ
ൽǸĽڣڵֻʹõֶһ
⼸سǶҪĿ֮УɲīʱܵС
˿ƳǵؾлµĴʱ䣬ԴҶصغ󣬱߾࣬ǶİУȫȻû뵽µһ˻ӵԼϡ
ǿƾǵеϳǽʿٵشϳǽֱлǵͷ­ʱĲš
׵ľ𣬺ܿѸϳǽɱ˳ؾڳԮľӵǰƳǵĳš
ųŴ󿪣˰ִȳ˳ڡ
׳ѩɫͬʻ˸֮Ѫɫ籡ǲմнɱһѪ·
ƳеĹԱһͷˮ֪Ƿ±䣬벻ͨҶΪʲôͻȻ
ؽسǾڶ̶һʱͱƣͶ·ĹԱֻܴҴææʰ׼˵ء
ֻһлѵĹԱæдһ⼱Žʹؽ뾩ǣ߱£췴ʮ𼱣ؿӱ뾩ǣ
ʹսպã׼Ӹóƿʱֻһӭıæطӹһ٣ûбиʺ
Ųƣ˻̤Ƴǵĸڣеˮ죬ʺѪ׵Ľй䣬νڵ档
˰ʤѩѪɫ筣µǼµĿ
ƺûɱ˵Ĵ㣬ֻнʹʹףӻͳǷսӵݸҶ
ҶӣɨһеݣһĨЦ⣬ĿɪɪĹԱɨһȦܿ˸ղдӵĹԱϡ
ӣдòԡһǷǰλ֪б²ػԣҰƹѣǱ°ο
˹ƪԱҲ֪ⲻνĽڣҪʲôͷС֪κнڵѪƾѽٸΧ˸ˮйͨ˻ûзѻʯ
нָдӵĹԱϣ룬дһ°ɡ
λԱЩǣҲ࣬űĽָԼǰóһհ׵ӣĥִʣҶ˵һ䣬дһ䡣
߷ƣ־𢡣֮ʧ˳֮ģ뼾죬
鳼ƣࡣ
Լ˵һһдۣٸӡ£Ҷףӹ۵ݸʧʹ
סشؿӱޣԳʽ¡
ʹؽӹ뿪ʱԺֻЦ⣬뽣δɺԵѪ
л˵
߷ƣ־𢡣֮ʧ˳֮ģ뼾죬ԡΪ쾴ҵϭ
鳼ƣࡣԡʿOKд˿ԿʼˬĻ
æԤգҿԿѾһŮĽɫҺ簮ıܿɰ
Դ߿ʼд֮ͺæûʲôʱ仭ºܶ࣬Ѽˡ


133
kƿʵġ
ıϾԶǧ֮⣬ʱľл֪䡣
ΪһæýͷöD̨һϵеĹԱҲ㡣
׽ȻҲ˷˳ο췴һȥҹƺҲϴˡȻͲס
δȵץگ´ͷѾھ֮Уպյ顣
ԴǿеԼףʹоһǿԼҲТ˺ͬۡ
֮޹ģͬıģҲǲ뿪˷˷ڶʹλõġ
ң˷ҪԱҲûϢ
ڳƿڴҪɾ˷ȴʶ˷Ӫ꣬ǶʱµĽɫ
⼸ճ϶Ϊսս»ʵ۽ǨŭԼ
ҲֻΪٷռˣΪպиͷö֮¡
ȻԶǧ֮⣬֮л֪ⳡ䡣
Էеī쳣֣Ҫ˼鷭Ŵʱ⣬ͬûһ㡣ö֮Ӱ˾裬ԷƧӰԸڴ˴ô
յΪĴ󣬼ʹǰҲĺƺİ⡣
ī跭ҳż̧һ۴ɫѰ˻ֻǵⳡЩΣȴܸܵǵ춯µ
һʱ䣬ɳҲõˡ
طֱһѪ׵ĵֽ棬ۼ
ʶҪȥǵѪȴоǻһ³һѪ
ܿ֫ٺӵľʹȥעǵѪҵʹǯܺŴ亹ޱǹ䡣
Ϊ±ԺѲӵӰ춯ֻǿʹ˳ָקƬŤ壬ǽΪʹ̬ס
δ𣬵δ
Ѫڵ棬棬°ڣɫ
īڴߣ֪ǺˮˮģߣֻܿһƬʲĹӰֻһģʹسҭ
ܵҪóЯҩƿֹʹҩ˵ֻѹסҩ
Ƹк¡죬һ£˺
ī֪𶯷ıܵʹ࣬𻵴ķɡ
ʼˡƱϲ¶һŤЦݡ

ܿⳡ쳣֮ˣҲֹīһˡ
ĽݽѾڴǰãͷŴɫ
ٻ¶ӵɫǸ̸Ҳֻǵڴߣڡ
ܸܵ𶯣зӡɢⳡν֮
ī衱֣ǹζЦݣҪȫºһ𣿡
ֽȻζŻʳתѾ𻵡
ķӡȻζ¸ɺ֡
ٿһۻɫת£׼š¹΢ˣ¶죬ô꣬㻹Ҫ𣿡
޹ءֻһ仰Ŷ
ҪţôҲɡѽɡææ׷ŵ¹΢ȴĽݽʧĻ֮УƲӰ
յ֮ԷӰиࡣĽݽ˸ˮķûлʲôǱԷ
ԵͣǺĻʹѭŴǰķλǱ˵µ֮С
òϣѾû˷ܵĸоˣʱ̫Ȥֻǿӹ˻ججݳ磬żмˣȴʵǣâת˲š
ֻǣµı䶯ܹһȤ
عķȻ˸ĹâعڣʯԾשʯ󲻰ζţƺʱҪײʯڶ
عڵ󷨵Ҳûǰң෴ķٱϻ󷨵á
Ľݽö鿴ֻͷųһ̽飬ϣһ˵ʱٵøΪףֻǲ֪ī赽ʲô㣬Ȼ󷨵ǣãƲ󷨵
ŪĶȤζ
֪īʲô⣬Ȥζȷõ㡣
Լֲµ󷨱˻ٻĽݽеҲŭؾ׽ζҪʱ̬
ĵŵǧʱӿʼ㲻šǿ㵱Ĵˣ˰һЩǧɽ̵ĴΣԼΪԼ
ϱûʲôǧڵֻһԸĳ롣
ֻ꣬ҲĿĴɣȡ裬Ƿ
̣Ľݽǵ̾˼׼뿪˵ء
߳عȴȻܵһʹϢϢϤܿѰϢҵīĹԷ
ʱī󷨷ɵʹУȻûӰеӰ
ĽݽȤζԼġ֮ǰڹϴҴһƳûлϸ۲ī裬лϸȥٵԼѪ󷨣·粨ӿʼٸߡ
Ȼڱô£ȴҲûԼժɾûʵ۰ڴ˴ˡ
ֻʹ°Ͼǰ߲ѪۣĽݽϸϸؾ׽ţƷʹࡣ
⵱лζϤζԼ
ģkҰģޣȴڸ֮ƥʱ䡣
Ұ뱧û㹻ʱ䣬ֻܷ賤ҵҰݡԼˡ
ӲνˣֻſԼȡ

ʹôŬˣҲֻ޷˵ĵ·
Ľݽ֦ϣīģȴ¶顣
ȤУϲʵı
Ҷˡ
Ľݽһʱ˺ԪڼĽס
صȴţڵȵīٳܲסľʹȥʱųڷ֮С
Ľݽ䣬žһ
̽ī壬Ľݽ΢ƫͷ¶˼ɫ
մ麣ֲô硭ԭǺĵҪ˳ܷɡ
ЦĽݽָʶһһ
ӡȻûմôҲǸķĵúˡ
ϧǻõġ
ָ⻮дһķģͻΪɫڼС
Ľݽվī軹赹ڱĵϣ뿪˷䡣
ôܻܲҪ컯ˡ
ܻǿһЩʵĶľ֡
л˵
ĽݽһȺ˵
˭Ҳ


134
ǰΪıһƬɽ
ķ粨δͣЪһ⼱ԱپīٳйֽԵĺΡ
鼱ȻΪһվ;˱رֱ߳¡бѾݣ֮ͬһֱԭسǳݶȥ
뱱ؾͬʱģҶƳǹԱдµǷۡ
ȻԴǿеسԼΣǹʹ鳼ɱʥ֤һԼԼԡ
һ鳼˵Щɱʥϵļ֮
۵޳̶ܳȸ⣬嵱˺˸顣˾ô˷ʷϬԴ˽»Ǳ˱ڳйΪ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҶǷеļ鳼ҲûдЩʬλز͵档
ڶ˷¶棬ҶѾǣٱ£ʲôȻԶҲֻܰѴһ¸һԣ㽫׼ӦҶı
ѡȥѡ˺»Ϊ˧Ϊִ󽫾ǰȥƽѡǺҲҪص¼ףӦǲõ;ˡ

ƧĻʹԷڽӭĿˡ
Ժûκ㱻ȻƿһĨɫŲҴҵ뷿СڴϵŮӵʱջ
μ¡
ɫ𺣬ֻһֱ˦ϡ
īʰⱾۣԷһۣ֮еģǹңݵ¡
ƺǾҪ񣬳ÿۣµݻظ塣
Цûнӹ㵱ȻÿҲ֪ġ
֪īش
㲻֪屻ⲻʹ̬Ūûðɣر䣬˵㲻֪
Ȼǲ֪ġᣬһ󼱴ٵĿԣѪĭӴڵ壬֧Ųסռġ
ʱȴųŪζҪⳡսĽˡ
īǣ˵ǶࡣˣҲˣԼƭʮꡣ
ǼҸ飬ǳġīƮƮذѹ˦ī֮ϣң£ַʽʾɬָֻ㷽֮ãȫȫš
īƻϷɫȻ˳屻Ѫӿȴ޷ֻɫؾī裬֪Σûкôܲɡ
£˵īͬͬУīϲ档̫ͬƽҲһԳкôݹڵ棬ɼֱзǡ
忴ʹʤȯյɫֻһ䡰иҽŭ뿪ˡ
ܿһҽŮɫŵīΪ
ŵָⶼڷ۽ƳīζɫʱоѾŵ඼Ҫǻ
ǰŮε԰ףڲϷ·ʱ˫ڵ۾һƬὫɵҹɫ
ȻӵȻǾϣĽ
ҽŮ˼ãջذ֣ī񣬡˾ˣϣ
īʶȤ⣬ɫĴǹһ㻡ȣ벻ҪҪ֪ʲôֲʲô
»˵岡أҪ޵˼ǣпĿܡãһ˵һƳīɫ
ᱡ΢΢һ㣬ͬһƬѩƮ䡣󣬻˰ƽ
ҽŮɴ⣬ٶī뿪˴˵ء

Σ»˵Ȼһ£Ϊľӣһֱڱ߾κսȶϷľӲ֪ûϹսӵĳͬһɢɳ
ȵ»ǰǰʱĽѶݣĵֿûУ;ӡѾֱҶĽ
ˣӻʿҪھдĴѾǿǿ˵Ҷתɱݣδͷ­ѱն¡
˵бۣŪþĻ̻̣»޷ֻܽĴӱȥնףвͣЩ
ԭҪŻ֮أͨϱв׽Ұǡһʧأز׽£˿衣
»ݺ󣬵ͣǿǷ
Ҳݳפƾ֣겻սľڿϮʱͱŵɢӣֱݳӴܣֻԳֵս΢ӵĳ̶ȡ
ڷҵսУһ˺°ڱ֮
ֻһۣ»ȴֶԷҲ׼ȷؿ죬ϼʸɳ۶
ֻüæקƥܣȻûȴҲƥʹ˻˦
ߵĸæˣһѡ
Դһ»£ҲٸҶ֡ʶ治Ƕֺڳռӹ̳Ƿֻݳسݡ
ι޹ҶҲսҹϮٽݵļǳءΪ㣬⼸ȱʿصĳǳصݣԴγɺΧ֮ƣΧһ³ǡ

ƾµĸۡУܣ굶з⡣ʹҹȻƻͨ
£ѾԺ˵ˣڹǡʿ񣬿λϵĺŮӡ
еཫĿҲҶڴķӦ£ݳǳؼ̣ùµĻȷʵҪǱֶˡ
ҶֻһֳǸɳ̣ɳʿΧȻһ³ǡ
ԭسǣƽĶۣҶѡôںֱ*ķʽһǶųǵ˺˰գسǣܲս֮ʰػΪϲߡ
ʶǺΧΧǱƽŵķʽ
Ҳ»ƾûʱ䡣
ηΣվҲѾֱֻܱȡǣ־սϿֻԼ
ط֣ʢǴĩĳΧ̼Ч
еĿ⣬ҶоᣬһʱҲ᲻õķԥŴӦûǵʱȻʿֻ˵ԼСµġ
ҶȻöаʾףɡ
µİӪ֮Уڴ̽ưʾݡ¡
ҶţʵǴīģ
Цҡͷ£Գ
Ӫе˷׷ײ죬Ϸأܽݣִӳӳ
δش˵ʣֻҶҶ˼˻ʾ뿪°ɡ
˶뿪󣬰ŴͳһųʸҶҶӹ˺ȴ꾡ޱȵĳݵͼͼϲıϢһӦȫ
ʵ̫ܣѰܹõϢ
˻֮Ҷŵ׷ʡ
ݴʷ꣬Сˡش֪Ҷлʣֲȥ괺ǰγݴʷԽնףСЩֶ˳ݴʷλá
Ҷ½ۺãҡҷӳв𲻶ʱϵһ죿
磬ȵĻҪࡣĿƳעҶҪīΪ֮˼ǵľһˡ

ī߼ѫһķȡ
СǰΪıһƬɽ
л˵
һС͸ľбеһ˳
Բ²˭


135
֮
˵ǵˣΪЩʲô
£ݳǲһƬ»ϾݣȡΧһ£н֪ûôʱΧǽ֣аղ֪Ļ̡̻
ݱΧǺʳ׳ֻԳȡ⵱˻ˮ㣬ûʣȻҲǻ˲ġʷȻƹܱȨóаն»ƫġݳǣΪϡ
ҶȻֻ˺ΧݳǣҲֻռڳȰ
ʿȲᣬö̲֮סȰš
δйǵѹ󣬳ҲɳʱҲڳڰн
ֹۣصĸ˰գǳݳȼյĻ棬Ҷĵȴˮڡ
һǰʵӱҶıغ󣬳еì޿±
ڳݳڵĻУʿĳͻϮǣƼ̵ĳǳغȻڲ߽⣬ֻת˲֮䡣
»ûսغǡݴʷԱվͶұ֮صĳݾɵҶС
͢ѹֵƣԵĺǳ⣬ղѡ˳Ĭ
ʧأԭϣīٽֱ汱ľ¡ϵԱԭ֮𣬴ͬһűֽɢ
һƬ֮ƣѰĴ㡣ƫƫҸףʵǲеġ
ڼȥѰīΣԷǸڲϻ˯ѵģĹˮ̬

η粨ֹվûдӵĲľ֮䡣
ڻ֮⣬ŴҡҷƮ䡣ǳʵв޶ٲѼǲ嵱ۡ¥䣬ֻٻб޶¡
ī곤꣬ǰĸͬīĸīѣĸռҽùϵ׺񣬹ʶҲ͡
ʵļѩƮٻռݡ޶ĿŮǳѩİ㡣
ٺվīܶԼĸţҲī١
ӳǱһپǶԽҲʧڻ֮С
Ҳûȥӳǡ
û뵽ʮػش˴˷ǣ줚[ò֪θ롣
˷ֻҶ
С棬ճĻѾˡĺԵ
תͷĺվ󡣼ľżЩľګضվ󣬴Ĳ֪ϲŭ֣һһٴݣüẬЦƲִǰģ
ûлشĺ䣬ֻקһٻҼǵôǰŹùŮǣЩеģ㵹Ҳǰīˡ
վ䣬ĺɫЩǴһЦǰСžһŮԸܲء
ĬǾ޻˵
ȷûʲô˵ģ˶ڸ·ϣֻڹȥ
մϢѾȫͶˡ
Ȼû뵽֮졣Ȼ֪»ҶĶ֣ȻĵֿûоݣʵЦ
֮ˡƬ̺ۡ
ݱռһ˵Ϸù£Ҳռݱʹ˰¡
Ӻī˽ֻ࣬ǧˣոǿһľ񣬸Ҫǣͨˮԡ
Ȼ֪īΪ׼֧Ϊʲôīٵشϣˮ󽭺ӣҶﳣפرأóˮս
һ̾
ȷóˡ

ԳܺԭϣҶľֱ£˿裬պѾֱǶȥ
īٳŻ˳ƣǾͻ޷ر¶֮¡
ʹвƻͨеĻʳ˿ȥ˾áҹɫӳ£ϢǱԷīĹ
ʱڣӰ࣬Ǳ˴ѡ
С㡣źڰڴϵӰѹ
īڻ˳ֵȼƻ¡΢԰ײǽӳ
˵ɡ
ݳѾƣıȥٶȣŻվͻṥˡ
Ϣī貢޲죬޳ָ棬ֻ»ס쿪أ
ڵرطǣӰȥسˡﵹǲٲֵߣϧڳŷȻǲ뿪ġ
͵͵ʰңϵ磬ΪԼ·
īбأĿĵɨں˭磿
ӦصķнǱߵפ
ī費Ϊ⣬ǾԼӵóȥĻҲ԰ɡ
ʱ˿̣Ҳǰǰķġ
ףԼһֱЯʲС㣬Ǵ彣
īӹİҿĺڲʱ䱻һգϻʣϵıʯɫ覣硣
ԱߵǱأһĬӲ
ī谮ظɫ䣬ãҲǵ֤ˡ

ݳƣһ·񣬱¡
κη׽ƣؾزʲϢĽˮ赲㣬뽩֡
ҹɫסɵ죬һֱҹɳǣפӪء
裬˻ҹϮ̾ҹʿ
ͭӪأ˵ĸߺҹϮ
̷ӦƾͷĽ켱æʿ׼ˣþգս߳
װҹϮ̷ٵ׼ˣɺӻسǡ
ֱȻʿߺˣľӣ
ϧĺܿûڱ֮Уһ֧Ųľɫ±ϮѸٳϮľ֮ڡ
ͻĵˣûзͶʱɢͷŮӻӽɱް˿裬ֻһ˴æˮӻ˳ڡ
ҶռʹҹҲֻǳߣϮ̾ѹý߳Ӫʡ
սʱѾɢӣʿɵսսӪڣһƥ̤¹кɫ
ڿҶǣһĨЦݣ˵ʿӦĿ࿴òǱ뺣¡
ԭڿݺҶɾ裬¶һȻЦݡ
ƫͷζЦһ˹ϵʱĻҪࡣˣ˵Щ·ϣ˸ȤСӦ㿴һ
ʾʿ
˴
л˵
Ǹģǿģһ⡣
˵ԭֻԵĺŰǩһ¶ڿĽģͱԵߵС۷丽͵ذȫ˸£˳ȥƽƽˢһѶ͵˴1=200ξأԼĺźڵҪֻԵԼɹԼ˸Ļ̵ػˢһĵĻ
潣Ժ淢ķϻ
ĵĹдˣдϲĺˬĶˡ


136
ĺ裬ͬϳǳصƿ
֣ʿѺһСӰҶǰ
ŻѵĹ߿ȥһСŮŵϷ˿ʪģµˮ
·ϣôСһӪܡƳŮһۣţ˵ϸء
һϸ֣Ů̼Ҳǣ
浹ҲգЦŷ˵˵һСҹģӪܣҪʲô
һʣŮ𲻳ĹĵĲ˵ˡ
εҹһʶɪţҶԼ¸ϣʾʿſѹơ
ҶŮӣ޷˵ôðΣӪôΣյĵط
ԱЦһĿ⣬ԼҶΪۡ
ŮŮЦ⣬ܵؾΣգκЦʵȥƯ޺Ůࡣ
Ҷȴ˶رܣֻŮ˶ӣֻ˵ɣûϵġ
˶뿪Ů˽䱸̬ЩÿҵʳȥˣûԵģץ׳ˣ͵ܵܣڰ
ӪҳԵģҶ죬û뵽ڳѾôŵķΧˡ
šŮͷ
ӳҪӹѲߣҪɽôģ
ŮԥƬ̣ʵǽиСȻȥһ壬ˮûôǱ߶ɺӾͿԡ
ҶȨ˵Ŀԣ˼㻹Լһ˶ɽģ˲á
ûƭ㡣Ů˼飬ǿ
ţֻ֪һԡҶ˼һ󿪿ڣСҿԸԵģҲԲƽ֮ǰΪ
ŮҲµҶݣ֪Ѿ죬óʿľԱ֪ҪҸָɺӵķ͵طǲǡҿԴӦ㣬ֻҪʳһȥ
ûʲôҲ֪ѾǵĺãбڳڲľԱʳˡ
Сû˵ҪȥҶ˼ƳһۣǹһЦҪ룬ΪãʱڼץͲˡܼŴԵĻȥ
šŮָŵش°ڣ˵ܵڳ壬ҪϽԵĻȥ
Ҷɫؿܵڳ壬Ǹڳʱ򣿿ңĸ׵ľȻ͵ŮȥɺǰӪΣյ顣
ûд£ֻǵȻƾıõģҿԸԵ˲С
֮ҿԷؼҡ룬㻹б·ѡ
ҶԶʿ򢣬ԸҸӪʰһٸԵġ
ʿŮȥʱҶȻסʲô֣
ŮŲһͣȻֱɫ
淡
Ҷ㶣Ц޷ģĻպԻԼϲ֡
Ůעɫ°ʧҹɫҪҹͨĻ档

Ůİ£ҶѡһͨˮԵʿɺӣǱ˷ڣ˳ڵĲֻһĺɫٵҹͻϮˮ˳ͷ
ʿ󺧣ս
ɱҹĻ쵽ڻзűɫ
һϼ˺ƲͶʱѾġ
£Ѿǵˡʴ
ҶڳеƸߵ㣬Žˮѵķˮ֮䣬ϵĳǳѾ֡
پӣݣ׼ī١Ƭ̵ĳĬҶ˾
ôô²ȹ̺󷽣׼ȫٿǽǣʴоҶīٵ̫Щ
ǿٺ󷽣еҲһдϢĻᡣȥȵľǾ鷳ˡ˵Ѿʾʴľ
ʵ˾һԭ򡪡ڣҲûīκϢ󣬾˼һ㡣
Ϊ˵ǡ
ˣͿطˡ

ʮʮīٳ´ѹ
ƹصѹ˸ʳǳأС꣬Ĵɫıשʯϡ
ǽפصʿԶһƬ˳ľӣɵһĭ
ľӹ޲ˣĻɢд˵ʵѷسǣ׼ӳī٣ֻ̫سǡ
£յѣҪ𣿡ʴѯʡ
Ҷְڽ˾꣬ؾʹûǻᣬǡ
ɱ𣬼ʸͬ꣬޴Ĺеۏˮϳǽ
ųǣջǱ¶ڵ֮¡
ʿܲʵǳǽԾϳͷسǵľʿвɱѪɽֱˮˢʬ屻ѻڳǽ¡
ʱ˼䷱磬쳾޳
ϵĳǳΪӴΪؽʮڴʱɳΪ
Ӳ֪ںδеͻϮسǵʿȻƣڷء
̵ĳǳڲ۵ȱڣɫ۵İӰϢظسʿʺ
ǵײڴ˿ײ˺صĳţ졣
ڲϵײ£ѵڳӿѵͬǳƵĿ
ơ
˪ʿӿڡ
ɽسǵʿ׷ɢڰɢ޶ԣĮעľֱʹȥ
ѹֵ֬ңձԼµĿ
ʹھӵĹ£һ飬˻ɢӣϵĹֻʣ飬ֻӰعʿ
ƽưö¡
׵ĽĻΨһɫѪɽȴĿ裬赲Ų˾ǰɢóһѪ·
ɱ¾ѾΪܵķӦѾȥϸж¡
ֻľЩİѰǸɫӰûСʹƣī趨ȻѾ֪ؼʱȥ˺δ
£
һټѵɱһ·ߡ
ҵīˣæ׷ʡ
ҡͷǵʿѾڻʹÿһѰǶûѰͼ˾ټ
īѰټҲ֪˺δ˴˵أҶн꣬ȴֺȻͨһ㡪ī費ܷѪʹһȥ׷ɱˡ
ȥң˾ܿܺһ𡣡ѸٷԸ
µֻܶסԺĲ²⣬ڴûŸķչ
ǡֵȻûҵ壬Ѿץһˡ
̫iѾںԪǵ˿סˡ
л˵
һ¿֮һ£Ӱ顣
дò̫ãо


137͵
񹩷ȴѵλ
ԪڵӳŵĹâ
iȻ̱ϣִʿʱ̫ã׼һ½Ӳ壬վһᣬ͵סȥ·
̫ӵ£ڹɨҳ浶ۿ԰ꡣǰƺǸ죬ɫͬһûж
úáiΣֻڣؼȴš
ưãԼƺײԪڻǰȫɱĥ˵Ĭѹ֡
УҧŴǡ
ΪʲôͻȻأǰ궼Dݺ̫֮λ˶ߣò׵ȵDȡ˿ָһӡĽڣһ·Ա£̶£Ѿ˾ǣֿԳһ㻬ĿЦ
ڣ˵ŰʦһھͱˣĸȴΣʱ̲֪ȥ˺δֻسǵͲ֪١
ʲôƵ̨ǰøƼ³
iɫеغ˼ţڵȵ˲ڡ죬˶뻮һ񣬡¡
ڵŮһϮ£˹Ŀдݲڡĺɫ谵ӳɫûӰУΨһ˫ɫǣű˪ɫ
Ҷ
iüۣǰ޶£ϵķ츲صı仯ڵһЩûϳݡ
޵ģiģͬƴʵС
ҶĬڣiò׼뷨ֻڵӭڣɨҳ࣬
ҶδƴǣֱڵѰ˸λ£ſ޴վiǹһЦݣɣ̫ӵ¡
iڨڨҶλ£ʵڲ²׼Ů˴ʲô⡣
Ҷȴ˷ʱ䣬żɽҳѾòˣΨһ±вûмµټҳԱ²
ȻѯģiڴʱûάԼ׵˼Ҳȷ֪׵ټ⣬Ҳȷ֪ڰҸسǺ󣬾ûӰ
Ҷϸ۲iı飬˵ѣԸӦûеƭԼѾӣԼˡ
i֪ȥĶˣ˭֪أ
˾أ׷ʡ
֮ǰ˾ݾԷκ˲ôšѵ˾Ҳʧôi¶죬Լ֪īҲʧٵϢ
Ҷнûڸϲݡʹһ飬ҲûѰ˵ټ
һ֪ôһüֵҲûˡ
øɾһ㣬Լ֣ö¶ˡֻһ仰׼뿪ȥѰī衣
i仰бʿ֮¼æקסҶ°ڣͨһڵأ£ŹҰɣŹҰɣҴδ㣬Ҳûе⣬һʲôвģ
ҶһλϣһֳŲԼűڴʱ΢ЦԵòʱˣǵĻȱģڴʱ˿ǵĵĮȻУЦ̵ü١
iΪɶЩԸӦԼĿ󣬼æֵҲԵģҿóľӳٹҲᷴ㡱
ҶؿߵģŻڣiԪȥҴǰ㣬֮ҲС
ҡi޴룬ıţҿʲôҪҪ̫֮λҲҪλֻȥƽضҲԡҲᰭµģ
һ̫Ӻϵֻڴ˿̹ؿֻΪ˹Ҷ̵ֲĿУȴ
йŷֲiܵĿԣų̰ȷһÿƵĶ󡣵һҰĲǿƵĸףӴĸ壬Ҷܿʹ뷨Ȼųɱĸȴʡ͵ĵƣ㲻Ϻܺõѡ
ˣҶƳһۣҪ̫֮λ˵ͷ
ҲεģǱƵҡiεű粵
ҲǱ˼ϵλãҲǱεģ˶̫֮λּǰߣûʹԸ
iҶ͵شੲݵĿߣԼ°ڣ̫֮λ񹩷ٻʱû㲻Ҫ̫֮λΪĻӹ޴ʧʳʱû㲻ʺλãźôʱ򣬴δ˵㲻ҪλãȵҪеʱȴҪѡӱܣûɵĺ¡
ѵ֪ӹռҪλһһΪ޴
ûٺiڴ˴˷ʱ䣬վ׼뿪һֵǿѡһٵ£Աȫĸ塣
һ£յi԰׻Ұܣֻͽ͵עҶĻ֮С
̱ڱĵ棬ʿһյǰ
̫ӵ£ɡ
ǰյǱɫҺ壬¶ܵʿְѾƶ˵ǰ
νֺʿղ͵£·ұ˴棬Ҳ˵Ϊ˵ֿ൳ҪǷҪŪôҶ㣬պ˵ˡ
ţǱţɼ˱оơ
еĽʹţţ˾ĮȻעʹࡣ
ճٻͣͣϢ
һ춼ûС

Ҷղ⣬׼ȥѰīʱӭи
ĻϳīߵӰ룬ϱܵʪ͸ȻǾһ档û˺ѣֱץŽʵīأ
С봭ԥһ£ǵ£òҵˡһʱͲ壬ɡ
һ߸潭ĽŲһ׷Ķڰȫʲ*ô⣿
Ҳ֪С㱾ҡ԰գ̾˿ͺãҲܵ
ī豾κй¶٣Ȩ֮£һΥī˽ҵҶ

ʹԷĵصУһװӰҴұϮţϸ޿ܿڣͷ۹ĵ
ǰҲǾ֮𣬾¡Σֻһ˲֮䡣̶£ԱضȼһѾ˾ǡ
ûͨǧΪλͻķѡ
Щˣʹص׵󷨻û𻵣ԽصĴӳī٣Ҷֱ£ԭڻδƵĵȥЩӵĵطī٣ضɽ
˵أһжлᣡ
ҴҴصǰĽƣתĵع֮С
ҹĹߣŵعзķ˸ʯں𣬻̾
˵صĴ㲻϶࣬ɬѲ֮ҲֻǰջڲഫĿھҪ˵󷨡
崭˿Եİȫܹ֮ϢЩⲼнƣǻѪ뱱ӵĺܽ롣
йʱ䣬֮ǰӰī˴׼һ뾩ǣҲð˴ˡ
Ů˾࣬ϣãǺҪάīϿԼС
صȴţȴٳٲ˳֡ʱӰӦѾī˴ˣΪʲôصڻûκ˵Ӱ
ǵزܻţֱӰкȻŮˮڿտĵع֮ڡ
ӰŲỺһһع֮Уͫ
֪ڵʲôˣ
л˵
ƪ֪һ㣬ʵĹ˼ѾǺܺľ飬ǰûоҼдһΡ
лڵĶߣҲϲдĸоⶫҲʹࡣ

ڱԼ˵дŮĹܡȷܵģǴĻ
϶ǻʵ̫ЩҪǰдͬ˱ϰ߻ɫùܣΪҶԽɫҴΪͬԻɫȷãҪһЩڹͷ⡣
ۣдС˵ocĲ
˵Ʒдºoc֮䣬еĽɫһģ蹹룬ٻ貹ȫ£ٻڴ˲ߡ
Խɫһ㶼趨ӦûȫΪ½ڻ߷ٿһ趨


138
ҼҪҪ
ҹ⹴ճī£ڰ׶ɫμӰҷͬҡҷĹȡ
ʮͣ½ŲһζЦ⣬ȴڻͫеɫ
ôš屾ڿбŵʱ˲ԣӰأ
īüʸǣ·һǺȥظ
㣡仰̺Ϣ̫࣬˼Ƭ̲ζɱңɱҶʲôô
īǰһ֮һʶ˺ѱ˳ļһĪĿ־С
˵Цͬһ£˶洦ԷƱīȻ鲻Ȥζ˵ŵ٩Ļ
㲻𣿣ϣһܷɶ۽ⲻѰҴ۵λãһ˵ʱ䡣
īֻǲƽ̫󷨵ˣֻת֤УȴʢңӰ촫УһܣĹţҲһǧϾҲǻǣ
Цðԭ⣬ĸ߹ٺ»ȴȻв֮ģǡ
ˣ£Ҵδй뷨ī赭һۣ߹ٺ»˵óڡôıõĻλ֪ҵ뷨ֻһǲ֮Ѫ⳥
ҼҪҪ
ѾһŲ˴۴λã㵹ǺôĿ¹˭ֻһ
ŵ׵ȴһƬţûаֲ֮ʱīȴȻеһΪǳҪ㣬ֻǲȲµۡ
ذ׷ˣѾһٵˣµĲһֿտǶѡīһգи֪һâʢ磬ֱΧĵש
ŵשѣѸعɢשʯ֮󷨿ʼۿɼٶ𻵡飬שʯ䣬ʯں궯ײǽ档
ҾΪѡķس˴нƣš
һʣϻкʱعڵҹҲΪ֮
󷨵ĿտǣΪΪ߶Ӱбֱȡ׼¡ڴ˴ֻһˣҪýࡣ
ǸӡΪƾҪɱ쿪û뵽񵽼ʹԻҲҪɱԼ֮£ֻóЯҩæ£ִٰνֵīϮĽ档
Щʹŷǿײ죬īĻڶЩʹ
Щؿ壬ͻȻǵΣϢȶҩã˶Եʮꡣ
ҩЧʱޣҲάֲ˶á
Ǳͨڣ̾ĽӦ꿪ʵ彣ƣȡ֮Ͼƣ¾ؼ֮⡣
Цû뵽ҶˣʱȻǵô֮
ֻʹȻڴ˿žۡ
ڷҩڶʱ书ǣīֻתзء
Ϊŭ弸кĽʯи߲Ľۡ
ӣ٣Ҳˣһī裬Էὣ񵲣ͬھ׶ʲôô
˶һ͵īɫҪƽ࣬ӳɫϰΪһ죬ǧС
תʽܷŶԷһеĹƣܴѰ
Ͻ⻮籡Ѫɫؿڻһ˿ڣѪ䣬ȴûвʹһӽ
īüҲɫ΢Ϊһ˼û뵽ֻһƤˡҩС
к˽к󷨵֮ķŤÿԭģտʯɢ
ĹεͽʱҲԣ书Ϊ˿һеĳīĻЩʹҲǣǸҲǣǸҲǡͨͨڱޣ
δЧңѣīЦ壬ôģմαȵģīڵһһҹҲ޶ңǴĮ
ҶĸӣѹĸףȴΪЧ㡣ҵĸȫ屻㺦ѪĳˣȴҾ͸ΪЧңĸԸرùǡ
޲¶ŭɫжΪķŭƾʲôΪ˶ӦӦΪ㵱ţӶᣬڸλֻݳ޶ȵ֣ƾ¿ຣԭ
ȣһ޳̰
ķŭԽ磬һûѪ⡣
ڵأǲŵؿŴ͸ǻĽУŸܵ˺ѵľʹ
īָûѪ
һסĽֹû룬̧ͷī裬״ҲòȥϾǰ߲Ѫۣѿ˭Ѫ֪Ϊʹš
ܵԼϵѪ̵̣üʹ
Ѫ
̧ͷīۿйһεѪա
һ㶣ЦɱɱҰıӦӦˣ
һŮľ˶˵Ľ֡

ҶŽԷ˽󷨵ĵصС
ֻ͵˽Ƶſڣͣ˽ŲСڵع֮У˴нƣֻܽȥһЩɣ£ˡ
ʱȣҶҲһеԵɣֻܴǲ㿴εϣҴŵعȥ
ΧŤķģ⣬һжԵ˹½룬ҶҲûȥ˼ɣֻܿ첽ţعмҵĽмȻֹʱĲǴﵽ˼㡣
ڴƺûоͷҶ񱼵һƬǽĵع֮Уīеͱǻ
ƽЩ
īѪܿʶԼĵ̫硣
īʱȴûطϲã¶ɫߺԶЩû͸
ҶڿīѪ˫ĿʱһʱʧעȫīϣûעⱾ̱ڵȻסнϮ
֮䡣

˵ûѪ⣬ȴûԤĴʹ¾۽ǰϴĿ켫ӿ
д͸˸ѪȾ첼ϣɫҶǰī治ɫüһƽ
ұɱû뵽ѰûҲã֡
󷨻ٻܵķѾʼīѾɣܷŹҶıķΣ
ֻͣͣһϹâĳѾᴩ壬ѪҺɽĴʯʳѺۼ
ʺѪۿ䣬ؾİĿĺ콻֯ϣѾֲ˭Ѫ壬㻹ûôأ
ҶīγĽȻ˵īȴͻȻһֱӽ߷ɣʮɵֱǽ档
ûҶְֻγԭڵϵĸ飬һһ塣
һߺѪӿ³һѪԭʱĽɢȥֻ̱ǽǿīһ
ƻҡҷڻ谵ĵصıӰѪۿ䣬˿ڵ䣬δδʯשϡ߽ģϵ˿˺ѵʹҲʼľ赲ǰĽŲ
ϵĳƫתӳճ͸еҶâڣƺʵʵѽң彣顣߾𽣣ƺܵķŭһ׼ȷز࣬һǼңǴĮīǷīѪծͳ裡
սˡ
ⳡǰԩծڻ˾š
Ѿ͸巢ģȴþקסī䡣ڣ첻壬ȴ
ҲҪˣӦ
вøīҲЦǵظ˭޼ýѡ

ֻѪҺڿտĵعСڵıשʯ䣬ΨһĿɫѪ졣
Ҷæס֧Ųסصī裬һ뻳Уȫǹ̵Ѫ
ԼУذȹ̳£ƬƬѪɫȾĺۼѩ÷ء
Ѫע˿ӿ
ǻʹܺĶ˼ʧȥīĿ־塣
ΪʲôôΪʲôʱҵΪʲôΪʲôһ
īôҶֻܼæϣΪīİȴֹסѪһϮѱѪ졣
īŬգգۣۿѱӿѪסߣֻģѪпҶҲüĿ
þȫҲֻһ̾
ҶƺΪҪ뿪˵أֻܸܵԼӿѪҺڷк
֣˶˵ǰһָ֣пտԼҶĻУи֪ʼģƫƫֻа̴ľĳдհ̴ɽҰ
ڿޣ̵Һ֪ԼѪᡣ
ֻٿһۡ
Ҫޡǰ·̹ǰҶȥᣬþҲܻڣ÷·ҪƮɢڿС
ҶоԼıһʪʲ
ſģ߬ʱԼ͸öԼС
죬öմѪİԼġ
Ϣ
㡣
л˵
һ½΢ޣӰ顣Ҷӽ٣Ƶлӽǻ˸оңӽǻںչɡ
С
һӦīĸ˷⡣
дддС
ȫд
С衿


139ī跬⵱񻨺
ƺˣǷһľܽء
֪ҹ꣬Ž
ҹ겻ֹڰŽУŵҼĸδߡ
ʵӦ󷨷ɵʹĥҲۣǨŭŽھö֮ҲѾϰĥҹ˯ȥ
ڶתʱѷ磬ˮ¶ҶƬڴϡ̵ʹʢʱڵ񻨿ãƶƻ𣬿֮ȼ
Ϸһż㣬ӦǽϢŷһɨҶµϢݳƺ˿裬ֱǶɢͬһɢɳƲЧĵֿ
֮еϢֻɨſӽ֮С
չģӳϣʹЩ
ʢǺʱڣ̫ѧͬʱҲһա
׳³îʱ֣ѲΣһʶģϰ׾ʼͷԲ㡣֪գӦҪʶࡣ
Ůͩ
ԴʾѾǳԣҶٱȥջعĺˣĸཫ
׶Դ˲̫ģϾƾ佫ϣһͯϣԼı
Ҽǵīʱ״ȥӭӡµųͬ˵ĳȣȫȻ͵ĺӹԶǧ֮ⳣеĻ̿֡Ҷǳ谮ԼĶŮҲûнģ
ŷѩҼǵáһ˫ɫ
ͬ˵ȥ̫ѧ顣
ĵطе飬˰βŻأȥӴŮ
ҵͷ
û̻ش𣬺֧ҵľ
Դֻ˵ŮεϻλһŲ֪ѹ̫翡
ú˵
˵ȽӴһ£ܲ㻵¡
仰ī޷ڵͷҲգ㡣
һʢʱڣȥ̫ѧ顣һգߵλá
ʱԼλ˸ʱҲԾ£ʶ㣬Ǽģī衣
ֻīʱһ֮Եû뵽Ȼǵҵ֡˶νҵ֣á˾ҵС㡱ƺңϾҪҵǵ˾ĶŮμ˾֮λˡ
Ҳʶ㡣ֻ˴ʾҽˣ͵ͷó̫ѧ鼮Ҷ̫ѧҪЩʲôʲôȤ˴Ϊ˽Ӵˡ
ҶȻǻʶɫˣҲԸģͺʶȤû˵ſں˯棬˵תѣ̫ѧ󣬲ŵصɴۡ
ⲻʶʫĿŶͯҲҪ̫ѧһ飿


ߵҶԼóһεݸ棬ǰյĹΣ㶼𣿽˾ѧҪˡ
漱æӹݣûйٲߴߴðҵľˡ
ʵóӦҶˣʹ֮ҶʶȤ֪ʲôʱ˵ʲôʱ򲻸˵ˣÿοԳĬ
ƽʱԣȴÿſε˾ѧ֮ʱҽſεĽʦ˳Ĭ𣬱ֻܻӦ֪ܻͬ
̧ۿ⣬ʢʱڣƻ
ڿʲô
Ѿػҵ֣ҺϤô
ЦᣬչɫЦⶼҪڻһ㡣ûоܾƺֻǼ⣬úܺá
ǰŨ֦һ㣬ʯ񿪻ʱ䣬Ҳͷһμ񻨡ӦңҲһ⡣
ʲôʡ
ǸƮѩ亮֮ء
ī궼лҲûôľÿĻǲٵģﰮڸ˲١ؽֲīٵһȥء
ָҽķ羰йâһһͬǣֻ۽΢ʱסһ㲻ײį
Щ⣬ˡ
ͬ£ĳոңͬӴˣ
һش𣬡Դؽ󣬷ǳ
īֻЦõĶεˣĸǳҲǳأ
˫۾ң㵱治֪Ҫ㿴ʲôô
֪ʲôѡ˳Ĭ
ĺޣƫڳ༫µĻ䣬ŻӵìܣžĲ¼ɣΪǧٿףΪпĿܡ
ռ࣬вҪϾĸȻɣͬҲ
˭λλ½˭Уĵķ룬ϾǶһ졣
ĵֻǣҶǲӣܲΪá
ֻǾãпѡأ˱ĪĿѣҪ̳еĺɽҲǧٿס
ҲֻôҵҪʲô޴ĴīĽ֣ڳܵĿ
վһ·ˡ

̫ѧƽˮ޶ٲ
ĸоҲ㲻лûбѪۣ㱲¹ͷ˼ʱڡ
Ȼ˾ѧڿϽĶģ̫ѧҲƽȤǲġ
Ҳīԡ
̫ѧкҶҲЩӵ֮Ĺ
֪˲ϲңҲҪ˶Ǵ۵ӹµ֮ˣһöӵʸûС
̫ѧиҵӵһңԭȻҲܼ򵥣Ȼʵǿָī˴鲻ҲǳȴҪ̳м˾֮λȻΪжд̡
ѼǲˣֻǵҶԺſڣΧңЦҵĳ
˭֪ǴﱧҰ֣˽Ҳ̳м˾λãһӶǼ˵Ķ֪𣿡
粢壬ΧΧ۵ԽԽֻ࣬˵עպҸᴦͺá
Ҳδᣬת׼뿪ƫƫҪסҵȥ·
Щգ뾯ʱ˼ӿ˳ߣɫڵסΧɫɫĲĿ⡣
̨˵¶ԳҲ޺ôϾҲǻʺİãûʺҲ²̨ô
վǰӰޣ˼ᶨ겻ɽ
Ҫͫ
˱˵ɫЩҡҶˣֱֱ۽ק˴˴Χ˼µɢȥҲپȤ׷뿪
վԭص
ûã͹һ˻ңû˵Լ˵ʲôҲʲôûʣֻǣҵߡ
û˵ʲôֻǾа߾ͺܺá
񻨿÷ʢǣȴȻڣ㿴ľܽ𣿰

ҡͷľܽضڱīٳвûֻ
ľܽһɫ糯֮˳ֽо˪ʹҲʢսҵ֣лᣬһرغ󣬴һ֧ľܽ㿴
ľܽشӱأ侭ܲסǧﱼԻлҪǣھΪʣȥ֮ʱңңڡ
ҺЦˣ֪ʱܻȥ
ƺûҵĵ٩ҵǣøһȥģҪҡ
һԻȥġ
֪һԻȥΪ֪ԡ
ʹ˶Ϊ֪ǻԡķˣսķ
ֻż⣬ժһʢʯ񻨣̴ľǳӹǼ⣬ͱޱߡ
ԣҪˡȵܻرصʱ򣬴ܽػ㿴
ãĲ˻У·Զûսᡣ

Իг̾ԼĶƸС
ٽӰǻ֮ȥ
ӰϢظڴ⣬С㣬µϢѾ·ǣ׼īˡ
ףʾ¡
ƣѾֿɵá
ҴнһֱǰѰΨһҿɹΪ֮
ϧ˵ȵطʱѰ
ʵδʲô෴ùȴѻرһ
ʮǰעһѡеӣĽٻ಻ͼȨƣֻΪɽӵ߸Ǭ
Ϊ֤þ£ɽա
ΪˣΥ಻
Ϊĺ٣Ψһ
ֻǿϧѾڷǣīֻа·̡ط֮սǰȴûټĻˡ
Ҳû̫źεĽ֡
ֻЩϧƺˣǷһľܽء
л˵
֪ҹ꣬Ž԰׾סҹ꡷
̵ʹԻͥᡶϸӡ
ܾûдһ˳ӽˣΪûԤƪɾȥһЩдݡ
Ҫżⲻֹһƪ涼Ჹȫġ
īۣΪīܵΪǷǳκζϲ֮˵˺ġ
ǰ˵̫һû취ı䡣
Ϊīһʼ֪ԼīٳƵһ죬֪Լȥ̸˵˵Ҳһooc
ͨƪǳٱ¶ʲôԼϲΪԷʲô


140ȫ
֮λˡ
īٳǻʹص׵ҵ𶯣ɫѷз*ϷķҲɢ
ʯںײǽ棬ǽҲƺ͵ײڷ϶ѶһԽڰлɢڰУǻ䡣
ҶȴĴ˿󷨵䣬Ҳʶ˵زݾֻʲݵī˿ں̱뿪˵ء
·ƺʹҲֹסӿѪԼûаַӦֻʣЩ΢ŵĺ
ͬʱɢԼеһƬë
󷨽غ˿ѪҶīʱɫ󺧡
ܿͿҶϵѪǱīȾġ
С㡭Сī°ϵĴƬѪգֻ̣
ǻˡôܷһȥ׷ɱ壬ôΪʲô˵ҶŭĿɣҪһ
ҪôҶԣ£ȾȾС㣡뿴ī˿ڻڲѪùڵء
Ҷһ΢侲ЩԼ·ԸȥҴҪʵŵùˣ²Ҫš
Ƴ˽һۣ֪ԼǶˡϾīҪʲôҲһҵġ
ȥޣҲʲôֶΣҲҪҵ˽״ҲпҽģҲֻˡ
׷ȥ
ҶȻʧ˺һʱ䣬ȺףֻĴѰ
ҴҸʱòԷҵҶͿѪī衣
ôˣȥʲô漱æ£ָīϢһȣܲϢ֪²Сɡ
˵֮ء
ҶûӦ棬ԸŮȥһƬ˵Ĺī裬Ҫͬȥ
ȥʲôһס
ȻǸϽҴ򡣡ҶҴҶһ仰׼뿪
ȴ°ûз֣ͿˣֲǴʲôãڸտסʹȺףҪִ֡
ȥʴ˵ôأҲʱߡҶȻûȥ˵˿ֻīơ
Ҷߣ沢֣֣á
˵һ飬ĪҪңΪ˾ҵһ˳ģīѪѾ͸ģһƬȵʪҶӽ
Ҷ⼸ʧǵģ޿̣ɤһ㣬Ҷ뻤ֲǴʲôãֻǸտסʹûɾԵ
ָ򹬵ڵҹɫŽģɨҳջҪ糯ɣ㻹жʱ׼ٹ٣
ںػңʱܴ˷ˣЩˣʲôס
ٿȻһ£ưôꡣ
Ҷɫ׹иԲ԰ףȻ֣ɹŮī뿪
Ȩⶼڱī裬ڴʱ鶼޷ѡ
ԭѡҲһݳޡ
һ̾ϢոʧҹĻС

ҹǳѪɺӵľ䣬Ȼ֪ġ
㷲صȴĽǵ㲻ķڿʵЦ
ȵʱͣڻʹڣשʯϻдδɺԵˮۡϸϸȥשżɲİۼ
ҴĹԱ鲻ԸʹȴԼĺϾҶֻǴŽ뾩ǣҳɨϡȻҪɨɾӭ͡ڴʱǶԾ
̤ʳǵĹԱһ̧ͷзΧ£籸ڹǽ֮䣬˽һϮ¡פصʿҲ˸ף˪ɫıʿ
һƬѩɫİ籣Ķ˰ء
ȵڳ̤糯̫ʱеȺ
λõŮһ£׿ȻӰֱ֦
չ͸񷶥䣬Ӱ
ع֮Уֻˣȴ˾ҫ۵òֱӡ
󳼵ĽŲ󣬲Żת˶ӡ
ϿտյǸµλˣҲΨһӮҡ
ʶǽͷѾ˸񣬡¡
Ҷصȴţһ½½ع
¡
Ͼ糯ĳ࣬ſھפЧҷģȵһԼͷ­ǲڲϴˡ
ڵѹѹؾµ˲ףʾ𣬺þò
ȵ˶վ¶ɫؿտյΣջλҲһҪ
˾۽ĿУ¶ʹһһٵվȼ٣D൳ˣֱ¶ȥȵϵʱѾ۽ǻһˮѾұš
줚[һοտգҲԤϵĽ֣Ҳû˹ڳԾ
ֻҶʼͷڳȻǸſҶ¼ᣬһıϷ롣
Ҷעڳαᣬֱʲôһ㿪ڣȵ۱ţһ޾֮¡
ڵȵĻҶ̾Ϣһϧһ£̫ӵڻбҾΧսУֻѳ
ʵ̫ѳмҳٿƲס̫ʹ飬Ҷڴˣֲҿߣֻͽ͵ᡣ
ǰмᣬҶЦϲʾǰȥƽǰᡣ
Ϊȥľ޵վ˻ǸԼ衣
ڻʵۼݱ̫ްţҶʲôҶʵ󱾸̫Ӽλ̫ҲްˣóĻλȻֻҶţΪĿܡ
ȵеĿܱˣҲˮɡ
أǴý㣬ðԼҳϣʶʱΪܣӦùӭԼˡ
ڳаźõӼڵ˱ֵʱ䣬쿪ڵһ޾֮²ɲʣ°š
ԭ⡣
̳дͳһ£һ֮Ҷҡͷش󣬻ǽϸ˵
˵꣬ζȺϸ׿Զ׿Ϊ¶Щˡ
һ׿Զ̳Ϊ˳Ľ㡣˶ֶ֪һǰĴƽҶ
ƽѾһְѳֳã֦
ȻҶİʾȫ趼һ֮䡣
ֻƬ̵˼˾˳񣬡·ģһĽ
һѡµ֮ǰ´Ϊ
īڳǰŵȻҲԤϣԵһӦ׷˸͵´Ϊ
ҶΪףˣֻܱȴΪˡ
ʮ괺Dı棬Ҷ࣬ʮģ뾩εѾ̫ѳΪ
ţλʱ֣ĺ¼ҹңʷۡ
л˵
һ¡Ŀơ


141ڼ
򵹰˱Ѫùš
ҵ޵ĹҪ˳ࡣ
˵û׼šī豻Ӱߺ뿪īⱻǣŷСҰڳɴȥ¥Ҫ˼ͷס£Ϳʼۿī辿ҪЩʲôá
ĿҶľīٶֱǹʱд󺧡
û뵽ī边Ȼ㸲ǬҰġ
ȵʱ¶𾪣Ȼû
ڶϽĿʱʶԼ˵˻εЦţæҲûǺ¡õϲ°ⲻȥ
Ҷһ³æīڵĹȥһŵŨصҩĿɬζ
մȾѪҩյĲҵأڴߣѵ¶ɫһ˼ģüͷ
ҲѰ˻īԱߣۿģȥѾ˺üΡ
ڿҶʱǣǣк˰
ôҶû˼ѣֱߵ˴߲鿴ī
ϵŮɫ԰ֽѪɫؿڼɲ΢˶ͬһߴżһ
ôѪֹסˡ
޻һī˿ڣѪôֹסˣҵһͱǲˡûΣա
ôûѣҶڴ£˳īޱ鷢
Ҷɫǣ´ǣʣ㲻ЩʲôҪȲҾҪȫϷɣ
Ҷ۹޷ָһ٣ḧüǣҵҲûôб˼ͣƬ̣ˣҲܱ֤һЩʲôΪ룬òҪļ档
һڣоǵ˰˱Ѫùš
Ҳʧ˶ѪһʱȻѲġȻҲû˵˺úһѹѵ¶ŵ°ͣϵ㲻أѲǸӵԭ򡣰˵ӦģܻѾһ漣ˡ
ҶȻ̧˫ۣ޼͵صһЩˣΪǺڵص׵״ǿʢϢϢأҲܾ޴ķɶĿǰûΪȥѾˡ
һֱ֪Լ£ҶٿȻҰף⶯ʡ
ʣ㾹Ȼ֪£ҲԵòţǲһϵ¶ûи㣿
ʧǵҡͷо౻߬һ㴫ʹ̵ĴۣұͲӦ
ǲҲţҲīеĹ֣ǲһ֣
һֱԱ߰İҡͷ£Ҫô룬ҲСԸǰֹȡһֱʹࡣԸɣСԼҲǸ˵ģܸл
ԷصƬĵعԺи֣һߵõ˽͡ʶīѪеõɽֻشͷΪڰѵġ
õ˼ҶڿڣҪôܾأ
һһ˽ۣڵܸӣһͨ󷨵ˡ
Щʵɢʧ»ͨڴ˵޼
ܴӺδѰأ
ֻƬ̵˼Ҷ˴𰸣ӳһ⡣
ݵīһ󣬺ܿѻҪ
²
˰̾ƫǰ
Ҷǰ飬ֻһ䵭Ĳó㲻ϺãЩŵ˿ĭſʼ
˵յϢƳҶޱ仯ı飬ЩŵؿڣھǵĻڶѾǾˣֻһʧ٣ûѰټ
ԣҶ̧ƫǳɫӰԳɫ»ҪӣǾҺ׷𣿡
̻ش𣬡߻ʳǶûѰټ
ҶĬֳס˶ͷ
߻ףӳҲδܷʲô
ɫѿ˼֣Ϊףڱϲױá
Ҷѿޱȵɫ֪ԼҪ˵ĻҪŭˣһ£һ·׷Ԫڼ䣬ƺѾӳˡƺ˰мǵ˷˾Ƕûҵ
õĳĬҶһص̾Ϣ
߻ףϣҲǽԼھѾԼĿ֮УȵЩʱӵµۣԼеĿܲϵͳ
ԪڼӳڹϹз֮ĵˣǾҪ鷳ˡ
Щ¶첻ã֪ʲôáҶ棬׿ԶҪһЩȵµ۵ǻĴ䣬ЩصķԱء
˺Ҷ̾Ϣһ˼ǣֱţõ׿ϺŶ롣
īʲô𣿡Ҷæ׷ʡ
ǡҡͷм£Щ󷨵Ĳкʱϻʵۻû͸
ôܣҶɴۣۿīѽࡱ
Щ̧ΪѾʱ޳ںȥһۣ򵥵ļ󣬾;ط֣ѾˣȻЩ΢Ϣ
϶ʳЩ䵤ҩûôɱЩооҪʲô㣬κãǧУԡǧѷ꣬ⷽûʲô¼ֻϽҪо
Ƭ̵ȨҶͷȥɡֻһҪǾǱɡ
϶һպô

ջʳе̳֣һжѹ̳ͷء
ǵҲ⣬ǵʱҲû˵
˱棬̳ۿ̣ѪɽͷصĲ̾Ҳֵӡ
̳ܶͷУ˳һϮ׺ɽ軨ͷһɴƵñһɴǳ죬罭ףɽ໨ȼ
ȺУ׺Ⱥһ繷ˣҷŵ̳вȾѪۡ
ĽݽȺ￴Ẓ́䣬ͷأлĿص۾ȴֻӶһߡ
˵ΣѾƹǧٴΣÿһ˥䣬ͷ­׹ءлǣϧա²޲
ǰīٳʱһ֮ǰԤϣǰķֻһպиҵʱա
īٳʱǳӴ˵صʱԪڼʰ׼룬ǰһͬ뿪ȴԼܾ
㻹ԥʲôĽݽǧѷĻˣ
ֲ㡣ʲôʱ򶼿ԣھǻЩҪȵʱȻġ
Ҫڴ˵أһĻʼٸߵĽ֡κƫԶຮıҲ֪ʲôȥıҪīٴЩͷˮ˾һЩ
ȻܸӦʹص󷨵ıɢ񲻹ֻʣһӲдĿտǡ
ڴ˵ؾʱǺε緢ڷлĻ˳ʱҲǱ
ĽݽƷζе˥һɫӣһ߿̳̣һҧһڡ
֭࣬ˮ𣬿ϧڵҲֻƷһ㼫ǳζöֻ֮ʣ½ζ
̳ϵѪζ̫أȻܵҪڸס
ĽݽȻζس˰ӺҲ̳ϵĳѾ壬һףͽʣµİ˶ѻʬ׵Ѫ֮Уת뿪
ֱѪȵĳֻżҲʵζ
µȥһµˡ
̼׹һɢɳµ˽Ҫ϶ˡ
л˵
½أڰ׶ɫָΧ塣
⻰ôͬǩԼĻбǩԼĶ˻ἸһںƪĴ˺޾ڵġ
˵һӦд򵥵Ķһ¶ȺģûôһⱾдҶžȻдôˡ
һ⻰ҶֵԴڡչ޲ףһδաǱκТĵԪµĸп
ʫĸпʵҶٵ˺ƣչҫ£δյһ磬ҶһͳҲͲλڽϵһ硣
κӰʷ֮⣬⽲һԴ
ǰѩͥǡ˵ɽУܹ϶һoܹձڡΪκԴĬСܹ϶һܹ뻼룬ܹͥһãܹķ
ȡĺְȡ
ʵҶٵҶϵԪػչ⣬¡
ҶҶʵ˵Ǻ񣬲ҶûҶԸеһЩȱݵġ
ҶźԸȱɡ


142
Ϊ»Զƽӹµػجج
ϻڱ
Ȼᡣֻǵڱ˭Ҳ֪ϡ꣬Ḭ̄Īһֱĸ̸淨
Ķӣĸƽƽͷǻʺճ̫iͷDԼѾжûټԼĸʡ
ѴӲԼ˱йΨһԸĸƽϡ⹬֮꣬һֽگ齫ַңԶķأ˶̾ʵܳ裬ֻһԼಡĸһͬطꡣ
뵱ҡҡλʻʱ˶̾λҪǰϽȴ룬Խ֮أܺù˵Ļʳǡ
ʵҲһССʯͶīٳǵڷǵ֮Ϣ
û˻һޱǰĻӶע
ˮȥɢżǴϢD֮ʢӿ೯ڰѹԼĶעеĽ˿ȸֻЩϢЦ̸˵׸¡
Ϊ¾ͻԶƽӹµجج˭֪ʮ£̽ӴϢ˵ѱƹ
룬ⳡͻȻվǳסˡ⾩һѪȷ磬֪˭ʤߡ
˭֪պִϢ˵ֻǻ˯˼գѾѣDƽҡ
ǰջΪӣ봢֮λ֮ңѾطDǬ߸ת˲֮䡣
Ҳδλܵܶͬ飬˵ҲǾȡ̫ȴ֮λ͢Ҳٴˡ
Щ£޹ءΪⲻһ㲨ӺܿͻƽʵȴԶ뾩󣬿īٳжٰӿһ
ʮإҶD൳ͼı죬ıϣī٣࣬ʷ֮䡣
Ϣʱе໨յˤ˸飬ˮһءDվǻʼҵļ£ʵ۵λתתȥҲʼҵġҶı߸Ĵ¡
ҶҶؾ׽֣ǵֻǵĬĬŵӣıҶڱذ꣬ͻȻı
ǳһݣҶһ·ī١
ȵ̽ðīٸϻʱֻ˵̫iڶѳλҶȺӵݴīٳڵĻ屻ȦЩѾɱ˺һ󳼡ҰģȻҡ
벻ͨһǰĬĬΪ˽ƣ㸲͢ǷʳǣȴվȽŸ
̽ѹ£˵ڻʶˣӦϣŹʳǡ
˭ͨ죬ŷʳǣ
̽ӵԽԽᣬƺԼҲţ˵Ǽ˾ˡ
ץסä㣬Ǽ˾أ
˾ʱű㱻ȵѶ֪ںδ
ŷǰԼʵ̫ٶۣڣԼѱΪϴ׵⡣ֻһβ켺ڳһԼš
СºʽĳȴȻԻʳĹ͵áС˵¶ƣˡ
Ȼ۽⿴ʽưק۵°ڣŤ壬Ŭװôݶ˳ƣ޽ǵıҲȻ¶
̴ȻһĻɤӣϳԱ˵񾭣ʰ׼뾩һгܹ򡣡
죬ȴΪΣѴ¶Ҷе̡Ѿ㿪ʼķô
̴֪üＸζȴֹԵģѵ̫ѳλ´˿뾩ȻĪϲ¡
֪ҶĿġôᡭѡ
Ĭ̴ִߴٵˣ㶯ʱ䲻ˡϾЩ˻̣ĪҪΪѡ
һ仰һͷ޿ƴǵҪ
֪ˡһʱ䣬ʰһ¶̡߬ȭͷɿڸԼĻҡ
һ仰ĽŲʱӲȴֽű£һ¡µ˼ǣԽ֮أ̫ಡҪīٵˮЩ̫һ·ҲТ
īٵˮˣУ̶ֻѨˡ

λȻʮա
ʹڰһƬ¾˽ǰɣյճ׵ɫȴû֪ǾҵҵŵĽ˿ľ餣ȴһ߿չס
ǰɨһȾʯף˽˰ǰʹѪȾ¥̨
ʹڻ˵£ʵǹңԶӽȨĵˣȴҲû˹߿չףֻλϵĻ˲ǹעص㡣
ȵ߸ӣֻһλӣްšʣµλһλΡ߻ӵ̫Щڿʣλӵ¡׿Զ
Ԫͭ¯µ˸ԷչԵ鿴
ȵۻλһѡ
λÿǰһ۵ɨ䣬λɿм̴ͳ
Īعۡƿڡ
ָϧԼĶûǣҶĺߣڶʾûдġ
Լ̵ĶͷڣߣƳع۳ϣͿ̫̿һͳ֪Ҫꡣ
Ӣƣ賤ٸعʮ⾰ִΣκʣ㲻˵عۣ˱˷ԪۣӣҲλŮӡ
⽫һ仰˵ûۿɼرѿҲڼѹֵĿšϾǴ˿۵ʼٸߣһ˵ĺˡ
껹ǰӼֵȷĺɳλҪٿĸǻϣݸӣλҲ
ȥĬ*˵ȴڸ̣⴦ݸ
λôã˽
֨ѽһƿһڵӰɫ£ȴƳƣЩۡʹɫɥҲݣһ̣˶ʷСѩ֣ȴĿãҶ٣ҲҲǴ˵ȷˡ
˽Ǽææذλ˳μ¡
ҶҲδƴǣλ֮ϡ׿Զһӣ£ǻףġ
һλʵ۵ѡ˵ȨȥˣȴҪΪλþڷ˼СҶ˵Ŵ飬˭İ˻ҶҪ޷ǵͷˡϽƤ߻ҶУܺһ
Ҷùӣַֻҳָ΢ͣĳһҳϣãѣɿΡ
ԪԶԼͻȻλ˹עĻӣʵ⡣
ڷӦ֮У֪Щ˸˼֧˭ĶУûнѹϵˡ
˴뷴ȴƫƫλΪ̫͵֪ʲôȱ㡣ֻΪԼӽԣǰˮ׿гЧڽһĵġ
Ҷüһס򢣬ǶĽȤשһں󣬺ԪڵĴ󳼿ʼһһԼӻԼѺĻӻŮڼҶʼձƣչ⽫۽Ⱦɫգԡ
ֱÿһֵ֧ĻӶϺźŻڡ΢еͳɤζƳȴһɨ˽ʮ꽭ˮΪӾ̡ʱɵȥ޽ӣ֪ˮȴ޳һһ꣬΢ˮ̣жٻؿۣû
ӳɥڼ䣬˾ϣȴ֪븮ڵ輧𣿡
ڳĬ
ѣТ㩣ʵ£ɼ̴ͳѵ̫ްȵ޵ӡ˵Ҳǳ˰ָ̽ƵĻһߣбαϣλΣ
һԡڹУԳü۾£һӰĴǸ͸ΣյС
˵һʾ䣬ǺϾĵĿϣȴǧذ˵һĴʾ䡣
ʹѾͷ߿ҶӢӺ֪˴ʿǿɼ̳дͳѡ
ϾûȥձȨѻʯЩӾ̳ϵѪûи͸
ȻλҲ룬Ҳ԰ˡõ˿϶𰸵Ϊף°Ѿ·ϣٹҲõˡ񲿰Щ
˵ֱ꣬ӷ뿪ֻмɫ˵ѿϾһ綼ǰ׷Ѿ¹ػλҶȴֻ򵥵Լľһµ
ΪʲôҪƽƽĶѣҲҲ˾֮ģ·˽֪
īٳǣվҪˡ
л˵
޸˴

һʮ¾ͽܶԸ񱳾ķʡ
ôͽ϶ԭġ


143Թ
ƣһԼ˾ѧʱơ
תۼɥѾ˽һ£˻ϵˡ񲿶ɶѼ̳лλ˶ɵ׼µ۵ǻǵ䣬ֻӷظϵǣʹͽӭµˡ
ֻڻʹ˭֪ⳡݵϷУȱٹؼһĻǻҪ̫ͷϸӡ
͹
ŴѵϷ˱Ƶڵ档̵ܷĹŮ˾ռߣü۲ذ򷭵ķˣɻŮЪ˹ǵ°ڡ
˵ˣЩŪңiأÕi
ŮۣϻζɢҡŮǼֲֵģûлӦҲƾ˻𣬸ԼϵĹڻûвʽ˶ѿʼΪ̫ΨԼȲϽѶܲiܳԼǻʺĴ֮С
ôˣȹΣһɨɱɥչҲڵŮӱƵѷɫ֡
ذ׹ɥи޷ɢżüۼӺݷ龪ˮ˲ֱӡ
һ̣ڹ˾񡣶ʮչɥչ͸Ҵɫȹˣ£Ҳˡ
ҶǺЦ룬ǽ壬ֹǱƷķˣ滹ɢ˺²ֽšˣɫƽֻŮǵ̫˶ŭ
£ִ̫˵Ҫ̫ӵ¡
ĿڿǰĿԹĳ£¶źɫ̫ڰܸ
Ҷ˿ʹģڳֻʣ̬α
ڰ˵ɣ㻹˵ȫȻƽնׯ󣬾ֱҶקס죬ҵĕiôģҪʬҪˣʬ嶼ûСб£ɤȻθߣҺ˵µ𣿡
һž
ѹֵĳĬ粨ĵԾɴݣزµ֣˹ؽá
Ĵ絶аһһ˵񾭣˶ΪĳĬ㷲±޶ԵɫƳһֱǰĹŮҶľ롣
˵˵𣿡Ъ˹ɫʤ
DŵҲұţꡣ̫iΪҾ˶Ϊ壬׷ѵ̫ӣꡣŨܵ۽סɫӰֻܿ۵͸һ΢⣬֮ǰѾ͹ˣ˵ﲻţһҪʬ
/
סһס˳£Σ𿪹׾ߵοɣŮ˵ȷó¡
ɫҶ֪Ů˵ȷī˵ɫ󣬲ͽƣ㲻ϼֵĴͷֱߵڵ£῿α
ʺﰮУң⡣Ҳйء
£º޺޵־벻ͫзͳԹߡ
Ҷشóһּܲ̿һ޾ȵ۱㣬̫ްţΣΪֽһɥѹλҲճ̡
λ飬ⶨΪ¾δͳ
̶仰ɫٱ任뾩ҰģǸ˶ܲµʲôֽȻҪöӵǻ˲졣ϸһǸΨΨŵŵԸҲԤϵҶӵĿܡŮ½ӵҲǸһ׼·ǰ̽˵̬Ȱˡ
ͬ⣿ǣ׿Զǽͷݵǵͦ졣¼ЦѲеĿܣ
Ҷüͷ¶޹󣬡γԣӵ¹Т㩣鴾ʵѡ޵ӣҲת֣պֻǶ˵Ը£ǱлϵļĺɹʣᰲΪ̫󣿡
һ̧ۣҶǸƽģǵĨǳЦ·ոյﲢ˵
ϵѪɫܿȥ԰ʸҶ˵ȷӵһÿƵ¾ԼҲûкôϾiִĻӻŮԷ
һԼӣٿʼٸߴ˿̾µԼ棬Թʢ֡
Ǳллĺ⣿Ȼ㶼˰壬ұǻĺٲܵرͷ
ֻֻµؽּܲƵǰĿ
²ԸƳǰּּܲܲһѻȼͱٱŭԼ߹˻ѵǻ𱾹Ϊĸ̫˳Ϊʥĸ̫˳
ƳּܲһƵ棬ֻСļ𡣡ƾʲô˳ǸֻߵĽ¹˳ĵĸ
Ϣŭ½ּܲڳǰƽϸƽÿһ壬ᣬȴݾܾ˾٣ҲΪӵ¸˳֮֮뽨¹ƽƽ޸ߵ֮𡣡
ü۽ٿȻһƯĻȣ¸Ƶ档֮Ҳһ⣬Բԣ
Ҷɵؽ˦ϣµȻֹΨΨŵŵӣҶƺ֮ˡ
֮ԵģѾѶסԼŭ𣬱鶼ŭյŤǣӦ֪˳Ǽ㲻죬ǸҲ뱾ȥӻػʳǣƱ
ҶѲЪ˹Ůۣ￴ּܲûĻóӡˡ
类ŭյһɶĳȻڴ˿ˣһЦҶʲôҪӡ㵱һ𣿰˳⵵ӳ¹óӦ˭⣿
֪֪֪ػصǰⲽЩ£ҲֻǸҰָĶԲԣ֮ǰ¾ʹǷ꣬˵īٳǵĳŶ򿪵ġһ죬ôӰֻһģ
Ц̼ŶĤī󣬳ڿӺݵŮ˼ϸһѺۣ֪Լʹ㣬һˣûİϢˣǷˣǲз˳ţҰָɳ߱ѹĴⱨӦֱɱˣҶҴţȻΪ˰ɣ
ıӦӦڼ˾ֻû㵽ıӦֱ͵͵Ұ֣һӶù⡪
ž
躬ЦȻֹصĳɫ׹صþû졣
ηңĸǱſڵ棬ܸܵյʹ޴ĳ߸òָܻͷʹֹܸܵȵѪǹ䣬ָɺԳһѪۡ
ǰʼٸһĵڲģӰͶŨصӰʵʰѹ˴
ǰǵòԵĻ಻ڣ⿴ȥ˫ɫҲ³ɫīʱ¾Լڳɹ˺Ҷǲαװαߣ¶ԭ塣
Ҳ޷֫岻ȹڲźˣֱϵ޿ˡ
£ûͬ˵ҲҪñķʽ죬ôҶʲôʸ۳汲ǱӣǿѫڻʹԪǰûбӣҲ֪Ķĸ󣡡
һָ͹ڣǶһשһ߶Ǽҡ
ҶǻؽãĻҲϲ£ĵλǹƼɥ֮Ȯƽ͵ĹȻһƣΣ
֣±ΪֻԼʶɪһ¡˭ֻ֪ûаʱӡնͨŸ
˵ݶҲ˿Ҷɫ˺Ӻţ֪ļ棬ֻºεĺҰġ
һƣԼ˾ڶƣڵĴ
ǰ㣬㵹֪ܵȥ˾סǲӵ̫֮λֽ¿󣬷ٶҲᡣ
¶ȸ뼡Ǳ̱ҶĿע¾ҲȥԼʹա̴Ӿ׵ü·һжɴʱʺ޹ڵĳĬİƼ
ȥûʺӡ
ңڿ˿ڣƵάԼϡ
Ůȴܿ˿޺̵׵ӡУöڻʺķӡ
ӡĨӡ󣬱ֱУһֻǿиּܲϸ¡ʶҪؽڴǯƵʹоŮ˵ȷ԰ϡ
ʺӡƵּܲǴĿѪۣһ١
ʩĹαļ棬ʩʩȻּܲպáˣǻʺָǵ¡
ŵ̱ţ֪ŭ־ĻʺҶյߣڣ£֪ңҲһʱڣǻǱ˴һ¡
϶Է㶾Թ޵ĿԼϣҶµ𴽽ǣֻǶңʱ䲻̫ˡ
ϣֻ³һɫ԰׵شζĻת뿪͹
ȹ̳£ĺĺѪɫȥѪȴƳ
л˵
Ǹ˻ûã״̬̫ã˸¡أģֻһЩ˽æеƣ롣
Ϊīûƽ˷Ҷĳ˵Ǳīصģīʱ򲻵߶¶ûȤ
һЩ˵㵵ͥ糶ͷ飬żдһдͦˬġ
Ȼڿ3pУһ˵Ϊʲô̽ǲ׼д4pأһд4pֲдߵ˶д黻дʲô
ģ˵ƪģֻһдûдԶ


144
𨺣£¹⡣
ĺյҶ̸ī١
ʱѾΪɥذףֻµı£Ȼѩиǵѿ
ҹīٺҲϾЪϢ̴ӵ빬С
ʱɫδԼƲ㡣ŴŮӵϣһٱĲ۵׵İȴ¶㲡
Ҷ˯úǳĺ䵽ĽŲʱ׼ȷ
ʱĺõīˣµʱ䣬ڴ˴صȴš⽹꣬ѾһˣīȻûаףϵĽѾϣֻ˰̺ۣ޶˵ϵ˿ڻ޴󰭣ֻޱϲس˯š
ûкѣĺߣϵīǵ㲻ײĺ⣬ɫ԰׺Ѫɫ
ĺоǻŨıѹĿڣᣬֻһľżվûˮ
īһԸҪȥĸʯܾ˵ĸ˭Ӯң
ī̽ľϸߣҶԱϸ۲ĺɫڿüͷչЩڵлתء
Ҷ⻰һ
ĺŵδ˵Ĳϵ˺ۻѾϣ޴󰭣ûΪ󷨵ķɡ
תܵķɳ̶Ӧȥġ΢üΪմīһ󷨣ӦҲһֵķɡմ麲֮򲡶ҲΪ˷ɵԵʡ
Ϊմ˲ֵķɣڻлתء
һԭīƺһİϢһַɡлûͷҲûиҶ
Ҷȥĺ˵ֻ֣ĺ˵صķʱһãҪЩʲô
ҪΪۣʩ󷨡ĺƬ̣
á
ҶشıԤҪ࣬ļ́ЩؿشĽڹۣʩдΪīٳµƣعڵ֮ҪΪۣȻķɣķѪôӦʡ
޷ġҶûаֳɵػش𣬡ԽԽãʱԡЩ¶Ҫڴ˵ػ˯һգұ尾һաûڲʡ£ҰȻ̨Ϸ⡣ΪЩʲôǡ
ǾľżõĳĬϸעҶʱִµȣĿƣĺĿӣҶпණйУеǣȴһֳȶ覵İĽ
һô
īվȻΨһѪīΨһˡ£ī
ɴʱ˿̣īлԲѣվҪȵ˵
¼Ȼ룬׼ĺף뿪ǰȥ׼ʩҪĲϡ
ĺ뿪ټĹֻʣīҶˡ
㾲ֻҡҷڳ΢䣬īޱϲ˯ϣճݵĻȡ
Ҷڴߣմһ񹤾£Ǿɵص̳ذľܽʢ
ӲʼΪͨ죬չһգŰĽǶȱ仯ɫҲ֮仯ת죬ֱۺ죬ľܽһ䣬ѩϼ
ҶоذֱӱԼֵ¶ȽȾȡ
һֱǵãīŵӱʱΪһľܽ
ֻһ껨ܹɱϵǧ
ã˲پѪѰӣѰ˱õʦ빤ˣ˳ܵľܽء
һֱطʱ͸ī衣һֱǵҪһľܽء
ֻǵ񻨿Գܣȴܡ
Ҷ̾ϢһҪüޣȴֻۺ޷

ĺ׼ĽȺܿ죬յʱ䣬׼ʩе󷨡
ҹɫٺҶԼѡ˹ĺѾ׼ʩҪĲϡ
ĵҹĻī谲˯ģ۷˿˳ĭг
ҶԶԶȴĺָʾ
ĺǣ۴¡
ڴ˴ϢԼϢںϣһֱ־ͺãĶҡĺ̲ɣԾкǿѹȣؼ֡
ҶãĿ͸ĺ俴Ļеī裬֪ˣõġһɫᶨΣҶܷ
ĺף󷨱Եָ̧ӡ󷨹âʢʱڶ֮䡣
ĺǰָʾҶԼϢī޵ϢѰĹҪ˳֮࣬ܿںϡ
Ȼڴ˿̲ŸոտʼһӴīϢҶ͸ܵƺ׹Ҫһ׹׵䰵֮С
ĺܿͰ䣬ֻǿбѲάīϵ
ʴԺĴʹԼʶȥǣīϢ
纣һҶֻۣڷгȴаַͷֱڴ˿̷ҲûѰīĻˡ
ޱ亹ʪ޷Ҷüƺżʹࡣ
ĺɫҲδõȥҪά󷨵תҪ֤ж˵İȫ
˿ֻҶϢΪߣܷī˯ʶ
ҹɫֻƫƧڵȻ֪ʱ˶áҶֻܸоԼʶޱĵĺгֻѰһ΢â֮Ư
ֱʶģıԵƺڿһں棬ɫ
𨺣£¹⡣

һâڼĺ䳤һҪȥ䲢ڵĺˮ
һ˲䣬ҶΪĻ˯˹ȥڲδӴˣľ˯ֻ֣õȻѾͺá
ĺٿī裬ûȻڰس˯ţ֮ǰɫۿɼغЩķҲ࣬ҲֻҪʱ伴ɡ
пǺõġ
ο׼ʰ󷨵ĺۼʱȴȻܵԶһİϢ
ĺ󺧣ʱеľ裬Ϊī˯һ²ţȨĽڹۣԽʩֻǶ֪Ѱ˻ʹеƧʩ
īҶڻ˯в˳ڴ˴ּˡ
ʲôˣ
Ҷ죬ȴ޻Ӧɫʣһж֡
ȴҷɣָ⻮ժҶҡҷĻҶޱȷĵУѭǰϢдķɳ۶ȥ
ҶƬɫľĵۣȴδѪɫ
Ҷҹɫס
ĺ⣬ز鿴ܣȷû˵ϢǰԵظܵˣҶƬʱһɼϢڣϢرܿ˹ơ
л˵
ûãҹϿȵʶ㱡
漸Ҳ̫ý䶨ΪĻǷ⣬СӽչķһҪľʡ
Ҷ⼸µֺ⣬λϣܹϲ
ĳ˯ʲôʱѡĩ⡿


145棨ϣ
ǰʮɱʮɱˡ
ǰʮīٳǽɱҲҺڡ˰һһأôӻ̫ƽôƽƽȵضȹΪԼһҪƽص޲ضȹ
˭֪ĳ갲ҪڽҰõլۡסСԺˣˮʦ˵Ϊɱ࣬˲ҵԺӵͱƽͥԺǿŰҲ̾ͱ
үߵֻֽһűߣʰóŪĿ˵ǺүԺӵǮ
뿪ŵʱֻаѼ⵶һ⣬һϹǡ
·пڣ̳ϵϹϥ޶Ůȱͽܼ̳²ûǸõӴֶô£ʶٳҲˡ
ԼұƽԺӣоʲôǷƨѪӿϹ˵İࡣĵ˵ʮɱɱͷҲڻ¡
ʱϹŹǶԺĺڹ˹Ц˵ɱ˵ɱǸɲ꣬ҪԼ϶ͷ̨
ӵתȦ䲻⣬Ǹʶʱģ¿ͷ˵ʦָ㡣
ɱɱ£ʡˡϹִ̡̳ʱ̣ͷҡһƼأһƸ*һڵϱǼ˵䣬ͷأͽһ
򣬵Ǹһͷθ﷭Ƴ̳⣬пУͷܶΧڳ⿴̣ȺеŹӣò֣Χ۵ǶѪȵĳϰΪ˻һ˱˿³Ĺǵĭ
ҧҧԼûʲô˵ġ
ն굱յʦһ߽ƣһпˡ
Ȼ˷𣬵Ӳ˵źɱ࣬䡣
ʦû̻ش𣬷ʾ¶ʬĵط˿мʹʬзңСĵؽһʬ̧ϣ̧ߡú½½Щˣ޿طʬ壬ڷʬϴһ̧ʬ뿪ʣʬ屻䣬ͷ­Է룬ú˼˷ܵӽˡ
ҪȥĶΧ˾޶õǽʬߣֵ׷ʡ
ȥĶϹúӰõЩµ޹ʣӵ¡
ʱиģ̳ܵ䣬һϹֵУ˵˼лĻ뿪ˡ֣ϹֵǴ󷽷ǵýĸǱն֣𣿡
ҡͷעôȥˣйעЩ
նģ֮ǰǾﵱٵģڻиڽֵ£ЩȨƣȻ˱Ǵ㣬ȫʬỹǿԵġʦɫһЦԸ㣬˵ɱǲеġûʲô˿ɴвͬ
Դ˸Ϲְʦѧͷѧŵʦİ࣬ڲпڿʮͷ
Щ걻ն˲٣͵¾࣬ԹĸүҲ١ں˵ûôҪڳվλã㰲ͷġ岢עԭֻЩ˵ļ˴඼취ԼǮµЩȫʬЩͨЩֶΣȻҲҪѧװơ
ЩЩǮӣҲ
˵ʲôɱ˿ɱɱ׬Ǯˡ
ǽǮ׬öеˡ֣Ҳ֡岻Ź񣬵Ҳ׬ЩǮ£괦նˣǶ㱾ڸ²ˡ
⻹ûնʱ䣬Ѿ֪˶նˡ
ҲDƹһ¡Իǵһ˵ʹڻ죬ɱ˵ڵĺԪīٳһʱΣ֮󣬾ٱڴСĴץˣͬץߵˣҲ˶ͷ̨
һһһſͷءԽԽǮֻʹ죬ϹǲƤԼȫʬиˣ嶼Ѻ̳ʬֻż͵͵ڰҹʬᡣ
ͷ࣬еҲԽࡣǮЩ飬ųɫҴҵĹٱ룬˵ҪˣЩӲͨ
վƽеһᣬᵶ̳
û죬԰׺գӫ϶ԻСвھѣɲȣ˱ࡣ
ʮإƣһձֱ£ʷ֮䡣
ڱյĴ飬м˾إΣң뱱˱һ֪
̶£īٳƣ̫ˣ֪٣ıͬһɢɳǣƶΪԻԼ̴ͳ
گ뾩ΪҰģԶ˭̶֪̰꣬Ǭ߸ҪˡڻʳҹѲߵƾ˶ѡ˳Ĭ
ȻֻǱĳţҲ˶׹бҹ̳ʱ䣬ͷأ̳Ͽ޺ŭⲻڶ·޵
õֶʼľЩҹҹбնˣ¾²ݽӦϡʢĵʱڣˮ棬ƮƮҡҡϸ̳꣬ϰ߰ѪۣѪˮĴʡ
ľغžƣԶңңѺ͵˶ڵĿռռ˴롣ͷ棬ѾܹٿǰعⷵգǾֱѺ̳һŲڰȴԻĿݺݵضˡ
⸱ģҲĳ߹ٻ¡
νؼȾƣ﹫вͨˣûʲôϡ档ѹ̳ʱѱĴڣȵ֮ͻᰲһ
ն󣬳㡣̡
̧ͷ㡡ǵ֣Ȼǵã㡣ΪԼֵıԺͰլΪƽغĴİ
ֱѺ϶ͷ̨˷·ҪǰԹ޶йþ˻
Ҷأ㣵α飬ۻŭϵۡ񡣼ΪģǳԣаƧк֮֮ͬݡ̸ػģ
ۼпΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ܵһ˿⣬ΪʲôҴᣬ̫ӵΪʲô˶Ұģþ֮λͬ˾£й
ǲáпΧ۵Ⱥڲԣ»Ȼ۷׷סеӴĸͬҲ˽еĲҶ̨ˣ֮ǰյĶУʱһƬҡ
廹ڴǰ֮Уֱնٺݺݵһۣǵ㻹ʲôϿ̣
Żع񣬿µӣʹܹǳµģ룬䣬һͷ­˳ƹأĻδ˵꣬һĿӣ⶯
еǿ⣬־һοͷָк֮ǰκβͬãȻ
ʢĵ׷ڲпڵ̳ۻѪˮڡ
ܿмģ㡵ʬ壬ֵҪ𣿡
᣿õͦһһۣмؿз˶ʬ壬˹Ȼд£²ʬǧѾǵµʴȡµ˼ǣʬͷգʬΪˣ
˵꼸̧ʬҴȥˡ
룬ʦ˵ûûʲô˺ȴвͬͬвֻͬµһ˲䣬޷ֱ
л˵
һγԡçϭ͡Ϊ쾴ҵϭ
ƪҪ½һ𿴡
ƪߵĹϵһЩ
⻰
˵߼ǣҪѡӮңôһʼ1v1ĴȻҪдnpǵȻǴҪгֵһ
ôˣĲǵѽ㡱.jpg
ϧдֵĶУû˼


146棨һ
ĺɻǰʮ£ʮ껹¡
ʧԼճûñ㱻ۣȥΪ޽йӴûϢû꣬ĸҲͶǱɩġ
ֳ׹ԣʱæũɩɩԼһûʲôɫСʱҪװȫľͰȥɽϪ¡
شľͰóԼ廹ҪûϪˮþеʼϴȥʮꡣ
źϪɽļ߹ǡںͯѾֲڵòӣڱĺˮƤ죬׵ĶѿڣʹҲ´Ŀĵ˰̡
꽥ͬŮѧŮ죬봩ߣ·廨ϱ㿪һĺɻ
ĺɻԼҲһɻ֣˿Լ֣ΪϵضϣѸ׵òӡũصļӣõ廨һ˫֡Ŵֲ·˲֣ſڵĳͷЩɩ˼ӣжôҪԷ죬ûǸϾȨȥЩ
̤ĺɫصʱȴѵ÷ֳڼţɩҲߣûһžͺǳȥɻ
ϣºڿڣйٲˣӣ껹ȱһǲܲģԸٵƼʰʰٲˣ׼ɡ
ĺɻһ˲ק°ڣû뵽ıԼĴ¾ͱ嵭˵˵ܣҲ˵ϲֻʣã
ûбʾɩΪصһۣ㻹⣿ﶼ˭ǣҪǱĸܳˣϴһ·ǿ˵ţЦһһҲûҰˡ
Դʵʲôһ֦ͷ˲ȤҲԼ˶ֻǵͷָ°ڡ
óĬֻž̿ȼա
ֳ̾˿ҲֻԼ꣬ȴΪӣϵ÷·һ㡣ɻ˻ճɲãǸ˰һҲСˣʹҲѰ˼ţһʵ˼ҡ
ĺɻĬȴҲֳ֪˵ûﻹĺӣЩǮԽԽࡣѹǣȷûɡҲԸһ۶ʲһ㣬ż޸ĳϤˡͷһεģڼдĬŸɻĹ￪ڣҽˡ
ֳ·жص㳤һĦϥǻȥڣɻЩĸеȥɻҲ泯ĺá
ɩ·ǹǽڵƺüʹǸķڣҲùСոһֹ귭ǵĸ˰
ĺɻԼʱƮˮ沨Ҷľŵͷ˵˾á
٣ڶղˣʰ·ȥͬеĻʮ޲ഺ٣õ껪˿޿ţԸ븸ĸ룬Ҳ˴Сδ뿪ƫƧĻСޱǷľǡ
ͣͣ£īٳǡϧûлῴһ۴ᷱ磬ʻ˻ʳ֮ڡ
ڵĽϰһǣ̬Ǳģܿͱ˳ȥʣЩпɵĹƽƽһܿʶЩɫɫĹУƽƽ棬ҪǡȨơ
⵱ݳĹרŵ㹬ǵӵʣµĹŮԼеţźȥԼӴЧʣµٲãҲ˹ڹµֹѰ˷ɵвѰλ˵ܳӡ
һУҲϹˣڶŮѰ˸ȥ֮ʣµļˣ㱻Ǽ¾֡
תתǰ£Ҫ¡
ʹϣת죬깬һ̾ϢҲס˳滨䡣
һ£ʮꡣ
Ȼʳ֮ڣӽ£ɻڴĻᣬĺɻӲԴ˼ӲˣˣҲᱻ䵽¾֣ϴʮ·߲˻ȻҲ취뿪֮أֻոһյ£Ǹ޳ͷ֮յģ
شϴе޳УǰӲݻҲѰĲϡ滨һһ꣬ķǽ˿Ρ
ʹٲģҲòķӿ໰˵ãͷųնǴԽԽҹϢѲߣӵؽҲ֪̫ƽ
һյҹ䣬ڻ죬֮ڶ¾ڻʹƫƧ֮ҲҪڴ˿̷ѡĹŮһͬڴ£ͬѹС˵˵ĻʹϼݱѾѲˡ
ڹУȻҲ֪˭ĺ˵ġǸ˶Ҫͼֱˡ췴𣿡
Ͼǵһ£Ѿɱ˻ʹͬ黹ŵӦáǰɡ
ܳүˣΪʲôҪ¡ĺɻ಻ү˻֪𣿡
벻ףΪʲôλ̰ᣬʲôˣȴࡣ
ͬȻһ㣬ɱžž¹䣬ɻǻ᲻ٹ꣬Ҿ͵Աųˡһﻹڡءҡء
Խ˵ԽѹҲ
ĳҭĺɻֻܲȰס죬ѹˣھͰʿ𣿡
ŮֵصۣĿŲֻ첻ʡ
ճڰϢɨҹɱĺۼʯשϻԼѪ˵ţDȻǻع̫ƽ
ջүˡܼҲ壬̳ϲɢԩꡣ
ڻʹż·乬ǽŮƿЦķʣűǴǰܹܳܲԼĶı棬屻һҹ֮ͷʧǣӴ˺ÿ춼乬ſڰޡ
ĺɻĬˮرߣعƽЩλߵ趼ûʲô·Ҫϴ
ĳмЩĻϴõλСڹǽϣԶԶؿһȫװʿѺһλŮʿмŮīʱ˵ǲ˵źĵĵĮ·ﶼۣմȾذǰ֡
߽ʱĺɻЩòеᣬʤѩһƴӻзֻѩӵɫ·⡣ЩڹУҲˣȴһ˰㣬ٶġҲԵ˲԰ס
ԭ²Ƿǹĳλ־ôʲǹɡжϳݲóڵ
߹ʱʿѹ˾ˣ롣
˾ֻļԶԶƳһۣ泯ļ˾ڻʹһʿѺԷȥǵģʶ·Է
Էǻʹ乬ĻأЩݲ乬ӣҪŵһЩˣԷ
Ϊλǡ˾бԵȻйϣһ²⣬Ҳ뵽ǰƹ֮ҡëϸ롣̧ͷʱһȻԶӰûڰ滨С
ϴʮ·ӲĹǽķȻٳٶۣҲܸܵɽ֮ơ
ʮإҾƽ죬ֱ¡ڵķΧһձһսƣû˸ǽı䣬ڹڵĹ߷̵ɫֻ⡣ʹ񵾲µȼĻ磬ϷƵȴܷգ̡
䣬лʳѵÿµҲ˿ˣ˵Ҫȥ䵱áĺɻŸɬͷʱ䣬ڸλϴ·ࡣߵĹŮСĵ͵͵ʰϸСߵɻϽʰʰɣľӣѾ򵽷ˡܣҲ˭֪֮ôĺá
ǡīٳǵŻ˳һƣˮ·£˿衣
Ʋʮ֮µĴ·ϳʡʹױڹǴײ´򿪣ײб֮ưк¡δ׼еʿڻʹصĽɱѪ۱ˮˢȴǽ°߲ۼ
ͬʰϸʹܣܳ˶ԷĴţ㱻ſפصʿסȥ·
ʿڣֻǲ׵ĵкبȥ·Уʶغһɨҳ˼޹ĪҪܣۡ
ֻǹǽڵ
л˵
ʮд˵Ҷôдɫĵõġ
䲻ʺΪһֵĻʺΪԸһ֡
ȣ䣬䣫ڣ䣫ȵȣ豾ûʲô⣬صǿôд
ĽɫҪģʲô̳׹ӣǲаֻǰٵĿС
䲻Ǳǿ׳˿ֻ䣬塣˵ûòûòǵûʡ
ҪҪĮҪ಻Ⱦ


147棨¶
һܡ
ʮʮīٳƣ۲֪٣ѵ̫˶Է
¶ʮ۵ͷߡ۾׵رţ˼ʬףֻҾ֮б൳ɱԴ˵Ȼ٣ϧûм˸˵ڣϾվӵʱ䣬˶ѱ
ջ׹и߹Թڵ䣬籶жиյյȼաĸɮҹЪоȣڽ˿骹ľԵ˸׿û̴С
Ϊ£ֲġһˣõĹ˲࣬űƳɨãΪ͡ʵҲ¾ַصҪֻ࣬ʱڵ䣬Գ©ͷ
оУڼ˴˴ǡʱӦҶ
һϮذɥǰţü۵ʹȴĲ·һƴСΪӵʱ򣬱ƽīٳˣʱޱ飬أɫĴӲ顣ֻڴ˴ȴ˲ΡѹֵķΧһ£һΪڴ˵ء
̴ȣüĿչпСоľҲڻ⡣
̴ֱӹǰϵͣ£ǽճƵĵ͡
ڵĳƣȻЩҹȷϨʵǰһյҪǰ׾ġȻֵ
ֻһվ׼ӹ͡һ˫ְָ޳Ʒ·֡ȴƫƫڼʱͣס֡
¼žֻоľ֮
ٳٲã̴ҲֻܹؼӣʱҲΪƣϲ
˭ģ֪˶ãڿڡ
Щͷ̴ȻȴСص£Сڹټġ
Ҷߵ̣Ը̵ܵ˫ڲۣɫҪʵ
СĲ֪ʲô˼
Ҷû˵ͣȴһ̴̧ȥ̴Ӵһ㣬ȴвϡƤոʹ˻ڵϡ¶ļۿɼٶȿʼãŧѪڵأܿ㲻ڶص˺ѷεĿ޺
˰㳡õڲٵС˲ѹԼŻҶֻǴݽձһߡúݶĶҩǱ͵бȼڵˣӦһ˰ɡ˭ģ
δشֱŶֻһ죬˿ʱӺεذνʣֻ°ɫƿһԽױ㵲ϮĽС
⼸̿Ͷɥڵ֮УȻ׼ͻıڵֻ̿Ҷϵڵʿֻεضǹ޴Ӳ֡˵ǲҲ׼ȷΪֻʱ䣬̿ͱѳɰơǱɫĳ׷ˮĽȴǽɽĪ֮ơ
׵ĽѪɫƣмѪ飬Ѫ罦õɫϣ䦿Ŀĺ졣
һĽսʣ̿ӦأɽѪǵذ°ڣ·ڷѩпɫüۣƬ˪ѩĿĵִʣΨһһڵĺ󾱣˱³һѪĭźɫҩڵذϡ
Ҽž˿̾оľֻдصĴϢѪ
ɥһظףؿعĲ֫⣬ƻͨʬ׺£ѪءһųдľƲƮѪīģ塣
·˼޳
ֱѥĵƼž۵ڹ٣ˡ
ǹнҲǻʼӰ˻ܴİжϳЩ˵ҶʹŹصĴ̿ͣ˶̽飬ֻŨӰͶĲ
нˣֻҪ˸ȵд˵ȿ֮¡
һѲߡ
ҶĿȴڴ̿ϣֺܿŲ˵Ҳûйϵ۽ɨˣ书ǻʼ·ȴֲӰԼĳЩ廿ʿٲЩ˸ٰɥ£Ⱥһˡ
̿͵ɫѸٲ԰ȥĿȴɨŵڣ֪˵˭ܿ챻ϳá
ҶͷصѪȴɴľעһѪȡи˿ȴȿصʬҪ־塣
ЩƵüͷ˷°ڣҪЩص𣿡
仰ûκȷָ򣬵ĺɻȴԼӦվǱǽģڱô˷ŭ¡
ȹǰסȥϸһصѪǿѹθ﷭ĳ鴤ʼʬ
ҶҲĲô۵ĹŮǰʬ壬˫ַģһ֪Ǵδġ˹ǣ㵹ǵȥڹټ͡԰ֺѵСЩĪҪմϵЩͣȻ˵ģҲʶ
ֱˣֻͷСū澸ġ
СĲŵذеѪۣûвԷ˼̽Ŀ⣬˫ɫ˼Զ·ȥԶĹȥ
һҹʬϳúȥڱѪȾĶ軻ϴһ¡Сĵزŵ˿ľĹ餣ҲմȾ˲ײѪ֪˵ڶգֽǹһµģ·ʲôûзʹˣ۶ԩ갧ڵڶնʧ
ȵڶƣȥڹټǮʱµĹȴѵһģһľϻɻһ£˵ʹ*
죬ΪνʹͲеǮ˭֪ȴôľϻģСĴ򿪣ȴйâ̵һϻҲЩڵ档ϻаڷĽ𶧣޴Ʊлʢ˼öϲȴҲ֪۸񲻷Ƶıʯ
ūūӦôصʹͣǲŪʲô
ˮ꣬һЦвģǧȷ׵˸ʹͣۼҳʲôûӦֵмϲ£ǰձԳˡ
ʲôֱԼĶ䡣
ϲĹҼǱѾкˣƾͿԳ
ֱľϻңڳĹϣĺɻиСˡ֪ƾԼ£ܲ˹صʹ͡
һܡ
л˵
ҲϽд꡾ϹС


148棨
Щ޺ٹ裬Դ˶޹
ĺɻһܡ
ʮ꣬ƿɳ£ʱڱոһյԳ˹ոһûоͷ¡һƺҲ㣬һͷ
ֻһ£ԳƵһ
¾ϴʮ·ƽոûڻʹĴ߶Ļᡣ֮ʶȥԷ·ֻΪȷȥ
һ²һ£ҲڹоӪԹϢ֪ͨǽ緢ʲô
ʮǰһϣ¾ֵƧһ췱صĹ׼ϢʱµˣμҹɫУϢسߣݸһʳУ͸Էһˡ
ǵһŷ̽ơ
ԵСԸǷǣڱҪܾ
˵Ծܾļ룬һ󼰵֡Ϊ˱ʾ⣬һСöש̾ģɫָбȷǲˮʵʵڵĻƽ
ջԾܾҪ֪˶ȻûоܾʸԷȻǷµˣ˽ͨе𡣶Ѿ֪ܣӦȻҲаѴ˵ȥĻᡣ
Ȩ֮£ӦίС
ɵظ·˴ֻҪڹ涨ʱ·ǰȥ㲻ֻҪ͵ûءΨһҪǣҪȥ̽˶ԣ˵Լ
ݸʳҲ˶ԴȫȻνȻֻǼ򵥵ķһЩ
ҹ˾ʱʳ·һ·ȷʵǺ˵·϶ɾͨ衣ԷھǻƧԺ䣬乬ò˶٣һ£̦ܹǽյַһƫƧԺ䣬ȻһǽȻֻа湬ǽԷչֻ֮أûɼʽϾܵóԺ䣬Ҳܲعڡ
ǽשߵߵǽ档
ܿһССͷ̽˳ƺŬǽϡ¹⿴ȥԼĪʮģһ˫ɫͫͬʢ¹⡣˫ü۲ͬϵĶǳʸ룬۽һƬࡣ
ʲôˣ龯Ҳûо¡
УͶ򵥻ش𣬽ʳеݸŮ
˭ģŮضʳУûнӹ
Ҳû˭⵹Ҳʵ
ԷƺҲǳʶʱز׷ʣӹʳд򿪣ĶΪ죬ڼ򵥼һʳ֮Ӻܿ
ЩʱѾҲ⣬ưɨ̵ģ롣ĺɻԶԶţҲ֪ŮƽԷȻ̼ŰͷҲ˼ȫΪ˲ЩЩصǲҪΪġǱҪĶ
˺һʱ䣬Ůһ΢ĬÿվˣصȺûزͺУ˱˴˶ûԼݣ˭Ҳûжʣֻͬһ³Ĭԡ
ֱһգʱԷĹڿһˣֻƽʱͷϱڲԫĽ䣬һСϸˣҲû
պ˯ǰԼױطö𶧣ĹŵеӲڵأֻ͵͵Щ𶧲봲ԼǮĽ
ĺɻﲢĹϢºȴĴڴӹϢͨĹŮǶ֮̽ǰԷŮԭҶĶŮƽҶ
ÿôԷ
ŮȴĪҡͷֻ˵»ǰйأƺǱ߾Щ⣬Ҷ˽ԳĶŮҲ͢ģ㲻ЩСŮ֪ˡ
´Ӵ˱صĵףδκ֪ƽ֮ʼٸߣǲһǳԵ֣ѵΪ͹ĸ֦ĺɻİΡ
ҲУǲ֪ĺ˽˱꣬ԼҲǷ
ѾҪˡҲ·ڼ˾ǰ˵֣ǻֻۡһͨĹŮȥϸֻڴ˿̸һڡ
ǵȥʮ칬򿪡ȹڣ׾żЩ޺ٹ裬Դ˶޹
ԽǽĩʱڣãЩ΢ů⡣
滨ѩ䣬ȴɲŸΡ
ꡣ
Ĳ˿峿Ǹϼʱ䣬ޱȡһǰһսңƺ֮У޺̡
⣬⣬׵ϡ̯ǰߺչʾŵ⡣
ŹǮһĺɻ̯ͣǰ˿Źǡ
ʮģǰŹ
ʵ⹬дʮ꣬ûиʮġôʮǰ빬ҪЩ
ڲȱǮͳǮŹǣȴȻЦһ۰ʮĵŹǣզͻȻôˣǰЩ⣬Ӷһõء
㣬ǰЩʲô㲻ãϰ忴ˣƺʶ̸ܿһ߰ĺɻŹǶ翪һߵļеʳȫߵȥˣõ⣡˵֮ǰˣúǮТТЩٲүģʮһ׬ǮЩүҪôҪôųŷŬŬ죬ⲻϲŹŸʵġʬ廹ͣ׵ʡ
˵Ȼǰڲпڱͷİ㡡û뵽ԱǸȥΪĹȴ˿ڣһ䣬ſʲô
üǰô󣬹Ȼ֪ǰпڸտ˸үɶּǲˣ֮Ļס˵ΪдýȫնˡǺүլӱ㱻һӺΧų˼ңǺүҾһûŹ߷С檿޿ֶ֮ʬͱڳͷ˵ҪʬգҸʬ
ڲ⣬ϢΪֻͨǿڿഫ֪бͼӴ˶١
˵ţ˭СҪ˵ɱúү˶˲٣ҲТˡ
ĺɻקȹڣһ˲㽫ϵ޳ϵһ𡣵װµظǮӹ׺õŹǡһԵҲҪ˷⣬Ǯ
µת뿪ֻɢȥķûԼĿϵѪҲûԼֿͷ­˵ⲻλɱˮǵﷺƽ֮޺ۼ
л˵
ҪȿҪôһ㡣
һҪ΢Ϣһ´Ħľ顣ĲΪ°汾ˡ
ɵ⻰
콣°汾
ϺʱԵ˵Ķ񻨽ޣᱳ֡
ԵҲˣ
ңΪ̫˿˭лӰӡ
㣡һȫע޷ܵ͡


149׹
ڴ˿ܸܵĴڣҲǺõġ
Ʋ㣬Ͷ̫ǰĺϡ
ߴȥǰƺƵµĳӶͬܶһ㡣
ϿŹݵڳЩţʶĦ۵°ڡóӦĳֻѾǿƵλãҲѡֻǿʵ۵ļϼ尾
һߵס
ߵס
ߵס
ٵĳͣȺιŹظ׳Ƴ
Ѵδ뵽гһԼھ֮λϽȺݣֻԼݡ
չãѡĻƵա֪ҫΪ෴չӰͷ
ȺеͷˣһϮۣҫ۵ͬĳںƺƵȺУ׾ܾס˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼĵǻ䣬ǲ
°μѵ˼ȴƮǻҪǱǼ˾ס֣ȫȻûмӰǳʧȥϢƾһ㡣
м˾ķԷŵǴδԴ˱̬
ųݵȺѸɿ˼Ѱһ˵ЩѰźõĿ˵ǣȺ¡
˳ӦٵǴ󱦣Ϊ֮ҵ³񣬹־ԹɹҴҵ´ݶҶȵıңҶΣ֮ͦ𢡣ùѫ
һҰȻ׷׿Ҷ
Ϊʲô˶֪ڵǻ֮ձѡ;һǲǾǽϵ볯ްݲ켣ٽᣬӳˣ
粨ĵҶʹʱü۲ֻлʹͣǳ֮£٣֮ջء
Ҷ̰ͼյʹҲʾĽѸλʾõķӡ
Լƿؾǲһָ࣬ոյǻûаԼƵ˼뷨
Ҫֻһ̬ȣһʶȤ̬ȡ
ҶƴǣҲټ֡
Ⱥݣɽ꣬ǰ鴮ζڵߣֻܿչҫ۹
ϧչãΪ𡪡պҲǡ

κ߾
һյĲԭľʢ΢紵˸ֳţ
һ̶Ӵ·ϡ
ԪڼŶ˿ӦóΪذڼǣо泩
ӳͷǸ޴ĺϣӭΰʱѪա
Ͽԭϵʿذڼãɹ¶ƳüۣſʣǸĽݽŮأ㲻˵ʱ򣬶ָûһӳ
Ľݽذڼ˦Цһ˵ЩҪī٣ǵ鶼úȥϵ
ɹɫĪô𣿡
ذڼɫҲǸ£Ů˲ǸƲҲָֻŰɡ
ĽݽǸ۸ڶ˭Ʋ𣬷·ֻԼһ˵ذڼᡪװʲôأ˲һ
һŮ˶ѣô鷳ɹ²˽Ľݽļ֣˵鷳ŮˣҶĸŮ鷳
ⲻһذڼ͵ҡͷҶҶĶ֣ĽݽڿǺ飬ȴ˵ΡŮҪԶԸࡣҺȡ裬ҲûҪ
ȻôȵûôɱҲ١ɹûа·ϣڴʱһֻŸųɹǰͣ£ȡŸϵֽſɨһֽϵݡ
ôˣذڼʡ
ɹ¿ְֽ˺ƬֽƬɢڷУûʲôǱߵϢһ£Ҷ˶Ѽλ
ذڼлһˣѣûõųˡҶ˸λ
ΣڱأǵĻҪܶࡣ
ذڼУʲô㣿
ȻӪɹѹϢ˵ֶúء
ذڼԶռӥ¶־Цݡ
ӥ鳤գǱ뺣ܹ
ҪȥرԼһС

ޱ޼ʵĺڰ
ڱĺˮгǳ˯بõʱ⣬ޱϲֻ˳˯
ֱһ¹£Ժи
覣̺
īããڰץ˼ĩңƺΪ˯̫ãʧȥ˶Ŀơ
ãڻָЩ΢ĩĸ֪
Ȫ֪ѾϻȪ·;ô
ı䣬ӦǻڴϡһƬžֻֽҳ
ƺڷ䡣
īв죬еҲֻǶ˶ָ
΢춯ƺҲˡ
һĺʩ󷨺ī״ȷһһձãЩʱҶʳ޶īڵĵڣʱ
ʱۣЩȻֲģҲûǸãһжúֻøǸ¾Ϳɡ
ʱǰȻһ춯
æȥֻϵī΢üͷɫЩʹࡣ
ôæסī֣¶ȣڱʶػסԼ
ãзӦˡ
ôûﲻоɻãսī֣ϵѯʣоۿʪȣҪ
Ů˼еīĤЩʹ˺һӲűϳҶɤҶ
һûпڣԵúɳƣô
û£ҲõģһжˣܰȫҶ֪кܶ໰ʣæȰԵ㶼õģôˣ廹𣿡
ҡīһ壬˳û˯⣬ƺҲ޴󰭣һá
ǾͺáҶڴ˿ڷĵ¶һЦ⣬ƴԴɽȺɽǻٸ㿴һ¡
Ҷ׼ȥīȻǣס֣ʵôôδƵģ
˵ʲôҶŵػΧչã͸ڵɢһжůƵɫ䣬󰡣
ûҶĻ˵꣬īѾջ֣˼ôԭˡ
ҶƬ̺ļӿ𲻺õĲ²⣬ī裬ֻ˫ڰ׷ͫ˿ȴһƬްٲǹɫʣŨɡ
㻹ü𣬰֣īǰ˻ΣԷ޻ӦԤмæӿͷæŵغŮң
ޱ޼ʵĺڰī裬ƺҶĽŲͲ޿ЩϵĴߴ١
Ϊʧȥйٱø

ỽһԷ£ʣôˣﲻô
ûСīֱָ㲻ô֮еĴۡ
ī迴ҶɫֻܸܵҶǣԼĵָգָܵȵĴС
ڴ˿вײıܣңȻ۾ڴ˿ܸܵĴڣҲǺõġ
͸̵ܵҺһһ׹䣬ڼϣοʪˮ
ޡꡣ
л˵
˯ô˻Ҫ
ǿ֢˵Ӧд150·־ġ
ˣҲҪ־ˡ
ķ


150ξ
ûа취һֱ·
ġ
Ϸͩβ

ŵһ£յɢЩ޵ǳ
Ļʹս̻Իͣˮϴˢ¶Ⱦ˼
Ƽˮľɣʵߣˮӣɽ֮ҲľĦȻضԱ߳תUȻ֮Ҳ
ŮڴߣָⷭҳԽɤ־䡣
ϵŮжֻһذɴס˫ۣɫ
죬ɫ
ԼѾ˽Ųĺ仹һ۾ƳԼ룬Ҷƣĺнӹ
ĺʶȤ׼뿪ʱҶʾȺԼ
ɨһѰĺǰλãҶеݡ
ǹʴ꽵ëľٻ̥ĪΪߣȳӡ˪ˣӥ𺡣ݲأľעԨĪΪߣΡ
ɤдԣͬҲβڴ˿־ʱ˼ζ
ī谲صȴҶһݣſڵ»ˡ
ţմӺԪ齱¡
ֻƬ̵ĳīĴǳعһ¡ʱ̫˳ʲô鷳ˣ
Ҳ̫鷳Ҷţ̫Щī跳ġ
㿪ġϥϣԼ˵ܹнķ¡
Ҷī裬Ȼ˫Ŀʧī豾óԹɫڵĸ֪ƺȴǰҪ෴۾һɴƺѴϵ֪ˡ
һͷڷżɢ£ɴס˫Ŀ¶ֲ԰׵ǣǰһ㣬顣
ҶҲûī裬ԼĶĿֶΣԼ˵Ҳбֶ֪
ǰīٳƵʱ򣬱ѾȥѪԵеĻӻŮصķǾǵĻãܵļ£ֻһûѰټ߻
ī迴˿Ҷ΢üͷҲǵϸ΢ķꡣ
ұΪлĵ˾ȳû뵽˾ȳѾ˷С
ţأ
ϾҲĽӸڻȥŵġ
Ҷ̾һ˵ѵǻϢ޷Щڣ˵ѲͳֻǱӵĿܰˡӵλԷΪ̫˷ش;Ӫ꣬׷Ӧ˷ĵؽʶʱ񣬲ûʲô˶
ڵȷѾʧȥ˷Ŀˡ
ô˵
ǸʶʱģûҸô졣
ںԪõʱ䣬ҲΪ¡
īһֳһѲң¾ҲýϾi޵ôҲֲλġԲ˳˶֪ûԸдگѸ£˷һҲʱ
ֻЩģ˷ش߾ȥᣬǵȷ鷳ࡣȻʱΪⷳǣȥҲվһܴ
©һţڻǱڵǡ
ԪڼûϢ·̣ӦѾӳˡԭѰ˾ϼˣκҲҡڵػصڣػκһ˽ӦԴΪҲв鵽ټĿܡ
īѾٵ˼һȻɫ
ҲǹλϾףƿأ֮⣬ŮѾ꣬˶Լ̡ҶϻЩգīٳʱĶѰī׷ɱ壬ԼɱiԱԼ˳طֲܡ
û뵽˿ӡ
ǵԼ˼ȫһЩҲô鷳
õѡϸ˳ҲλӻŮûбһ˵iĽӵԵҲˡĻӻŮҪô޶۱壬ҪôĸӴ󣬶ڿơܵλò˭ѣȲ޶۵ʶʱҲԷ㡣īҡͷĿգ
īԵȷʱ룬Цʤ߹ǴƿڲľȣǸ˵̫˽ңǶԾƿ̫ͨ͸
īȻ޲飬طϥͷе࣬ȻޱȴףΪǡֻ꼻һ֡
Ц𽥽Ӳʵǰ֪һ죿
ҡͷ֪֪ķչȻѵ࣬Ҳʵѡ񡣡
Էһһ䣬ȷʵ˵Ŀ˵ֱףƶһһˡ
һˣֻôīüѾɴȴǾһĿʵʰֱֱԼֿɻ·ߣ
һʱĬ
ʣī貢û˵
ԹԹߺ˿ֻ̣˵ҪҲԶԶġǹƻȰ棬̾ûа취һֱ·
Ҷز仰˼üͷ⻰⣿
ϴӴ㣬ֹͬ
Ȼû𰸣īֻ΢ӰţЩˣ¡
Ҷ¶ǵؿīȴֻ΢ͷȥٿвԵ̬ȡ
ڷžֻεδ졣
ҶȻҲܸܵī롣
Ҳ˰࣬޵˵˫۾ͨûκ⣬˫ĿʧӦܵɵĽ
ĺ俴Ҳ˼˵δ󷨷ɵǳӣҪʱϸо
ҲԹָҩҽַ۾Ҳûκεĺת
ī״̬ǷǳƽܿԼʧʵƽýЩ죬ǼΪ˼ת
ֻһֱޱϲģ̬ȱŵ롣
ǰīȻ٣Ҳ޻˵ڳÿĽԸӦ⣬ʱ䵭ģ
ҶҲ²׼ī赽ʲô˼ֻܵīΪʧ䡣
īѾ˵̬ҶҲǿЩʲôֻܵϢҵÿ㡣
ԷѲ
һỺ̾ϢҶ뿪˵ڡҶĽŲȷѾ뿪īϴ飬*Ϊʧǰһ򵥵ĶڶҪʱ䡣
˿ֱС
л˵
Ƽˮľɣʵߣˮӣɽ֮ҲľĦȻضԱ߳תUȻ֮Ҳ
ǹʴ꽵ëľٻ̥ĪΪߣȳӡ˪ˣӥ𺡣ݲأľעԨĪΪߣΡ
ԡԭѵ
ζʩŰζ
֣֣֣
Сı¶˶Բ


151±֦
һûгٶ۵֪ʲô˼
Ҷ߳ʱĺȺʱ
ҡͭ壬죬ĺҲ˼ּζ
Ҷӵ߳ʱɫԾɥĺʣͬ˵ʲô
Ը˵ЩʲôҲǺõģʲôҲԸ˵˵ǡҶۣɫǣ¡
⺢ʲô£ĺȻīӴʱҲ㳤ĳ̶ֳ˵īȷܺöֲö
һ¶Լ⣬¶˼ǺõˡЩʲôȴҲû֪Ըἰ
ʧһ·ŵκϣһʱ䶼ԽܡҶȻƽܵǡ
֪ʧī˵ζǹռӰֻ٣Եʵڲ̣˵ЩʲôӦӦֹ۵Ļվ˵۵˵ǡ
ֻϣĪҪ̫ۡϾҲȫתδҲͿʧȥκòϲߡҶķһ£ʲôüĿ
ĺû̻ش𣬷Ƿʣ֪īϿ̽رںδ
Ҷ˼ܾī˵Ĳ֮ͬ²ʣ۾ô
˵жϵȷɣֱȷʵ˲²⡣ī۾ҪȳƯ࣬۾ʱ΢ĸоī۾Ǹ峺Ŀȴܿһʵʡ
ǡĺͷд˵ī͵Ĺۣǵеǳ˲ͬ׿ǳĹЩҲ֤Ǵ͸Ҳ䣬̽ǴΪ۾Ǵ
ĺһָ߽һ߲һذ꼻ʹּʢţʩУһףȶĴۣҪתͼתҪ߶Ĵۡ
Ǹʹص׵󷨣Ѿȥ̽ˣȻȫ󷨵ǲ˵ַǳͨȥתҪصĴۣͨһЩӵֶνִת޵˱Ǵīϡ
ĺ󷨣Ȼֻ̮Ϊźַ̾Ϊֹ
¶Ϣ˽κһ֧ȻҲ²˵ݡ
֪൱˵ֶݣҵһЩüĿ
Ҷ˽Щϵһ뵱ΪѾ꣬ҪѰ˿νǴ롣ĺȻѾ˵ˣֻһܣҲȥԡ
Ҷлһ϶౻ͱһȻܹʱնæΪīͳ֮±ûйްҪ֮Щʲô
ҲȥһʣҪ˵ڶ˽ˣҲֱֻϵˡ

Ҷ뿪ĺصڡ
īڴߣŴϡչУɫ԰ףһϮҪ֮С
ͬ˵ʲôŲī̧ʡ
ĸйٱȴǰҪֻŲ֪˵ݡ
Ȼǹ۾¡ĺҲûī裬ˣϣܹƽġ
԰ֲܹ㡣
īûлش෴õĦǣòſڵҲڰ˵ˣ
ĺһʱûе˼ʵЩʱգҲһֱΪ㱼
֪һ̾³ǻеɫȥֲ԰˺ܶ࣬ѪɫеĶ飬Ҷܹܡ
ʹͷɴס˫ۣҲܿįɫ
һûгٶ۵֪ʲô˼ɫмֲ
Ȼ֪
ĺ仹δ˵꣬ͱīϣ֪أ
ᣬطԼסıɴĺ䣬һ֮֮ϣǰ·̹Լ·ҪߣΪʲôһҪΪͣ
ñѾûźӦܵĴۣҳܡɤƽͬڳһʵҲأԼĺ˷һĿ֮ϡ
ĺϾһľżʱ䣬ǿī軰ิӵ㺡
ΪҪ˵ĺ䲻ʣ㻹ᣬ˱ۡ۾ҲĻᡣĪҪ˴ֵõˡ
ʧж٣ī跴ʣѵҪȥ΢΢ĸʣȥԸʮһյȥչһĿäˣ
ĺȻ֪ī˵ĲǺ޵˭ܱ֤ʮ鲻ὫĥĿȫǣ
أΪͣ
ī˵ţỺؽͷĺ仳Уĺ䣬ˣؼҡ
ĺ֪˵ĻؼָδԵīĺ󱳣ǵȴ˼ˣҴӡ
۰򴦵ֺȻս䣬Ҫأĺ䣿
ʮÿʮһڣΪڣÿĸʱһʮʱֻϢؼӣҪأ
ĺȻ
֪Ҷһ࣬ʹеҶƽϢīڵĹ˵ǵĻòܵķء
īЦ̾Ըָ֣أ
ƬƬ䣬ͬʵѪۡ

Ÿзɵõײײڴͣ¡
ĽݽȡŸϵż㡪ûʪ
ɨһֽ޷ԪڼڱԼѾ˳ӳڣɹ»ϣڳɹκĻʶ̳ǡ
ȤôҲֵÿҫô
ְֽһԵȼɵƻֽţһһȼţΪڵĻҽ
ϵĶǣ⣬ԼʹĽݽǲɫü
䣬𪼡żл˿ڣѾ裬˿Ȼʸڼϡ
ȻѾ˰£ϵ˿ڻûȬ
壬վǲ統ˣƤ˶Ҫá
һҹǱʹҪ̽ī״Ϊīʩչ󷨵Ҷĺ䡣
ķɼعȤϡʧʱû뵽Ȼ˾տˡ
һ۲죬ĽݽˣһľƵһľż
Ǿ׵ַĴ֮һǳռҵ
زԼǱϢԼضǲķҶֱۡ
һķɻժҶ֮մ麵Ӱӡ
ܿеĹϡ
Ȥ
Ľݽȼ̸ˣݱ»ǻУϢš
Уǹһ㣬֪ǱǼЦ⡣
ģʵţѡԼǻۣȥֲһµľ
Ȥ˸жҲ޴
޴þһ
ͬĹ£ȥһ۽ֵġ
ȥɣī裬ҺĶľֲŸոտʼ
л˵
īϹ˶ӰǣΪд۾һѶòддˣĺѣ
īԸϺ߼ˣҶҲûпȥôģᡣۡ
⻰
ϸֻˢһѶԵһټǰҺĺһӸdlˢ110200Сֻˢ92ͳ˴ĿǰҵĺѾ269Сû
ֻԼڵҪ
ԵûŶûʶ֮ǰҴûô
ҡҾ


152
һֶͣ㻹䡣
ŶʱھҩĿɬϢѪȵͭζ
Ĵ·ŵҩƿɫϡŹֵеҶɫüЩ״Źֵеڴ˿̿Щֲֹա
Ŷʱ޴䲽һ߻һȹϲ˲ϵѪգ£˷кָ̣
Ҷϰ߲Ѫգ룬һеոˡ
ûüش޾ȵ˵ãī۾㲻ˣ۾ûκģⲻܽ⡣
β۾¡ԤһҶЩػش
ҲܹΪģ˵ɣʲôڲɾϵѪб
Ҷʣô
˭޺ܿ췴Ӧ壿϶أôص˻ܻҲϡ档
״̬ô˻ôҶе㵣İ϶Ʒˣʲ
ָǣε⣬˵֮һ仰˵ֻԵ㶫Щʵ顣Żûɡš
˵ıʣ벻Ҳѡ˵껹ǼЦһ
ȥ
ҶںԺĵȥ߹ȣĵѪζŨŸҩϢʪճʸڱǼ⡣
һֱߵҵľͷҪеĹࡣ̫谵Ҳ޵о
ҡҷ䣬Ҷڿλ۹ľ˿̼κǾӰȥ࣬뷢ף¶ļûһõƤ⣬ҩµĴ̡
ϾϣɳƲʲôҽġҶʶȤ뿪ռҶ
춯̧ۣģУӰ޵üҪ۵ס
崽һɭЦ⣬ˡ
ҶżɽʣΪ󷨵ˣʲô
û̻ش𣬷ǼɭЦţڻǿʼˣҲһ̰
Ҳǣûܹܾɽ̣ǧ
Ҷ͵شĽ֣Ҳ֪ǧһԸĳ롣ҵɺһĻɫ
˫ǵ۾ζעޣΪʣΪ˭ʣһתĿ⾹ȻԵͱΪ
ֻҪشҵ⡣Ҷ
˫ץסƵ˴ս˿˺ıŤƾʲôһ㣡ƾʲô㣿ҰͲñǧУó
ָᷳһӣһµص棬壬ʴʣ֪ЩƤ֮࣬;ôһˡеǰ취ҵġ
Ҷһ£ЦŵеѪŨˮҲŮܿɣ
ҡҷյһӰУҹɫģЩصķӻһö֡һˣ³ȥĻӦҲΪ½˰ɣϾǱġ
Ȼܲµָ˭еӿ𲻺õԤУʲô
˴Ҷһ֣İ⣬뿪˰ڣ¿壬ûʲôñлһѡ
ץŭĿѡ
ҶǱ߳ŭһ֮顣
̰޳ܵ档

DؽѾ£κ󣬾û˺
Ǽӣվûܺ
һʼͶ˹һDȻҲûĻӡ
ϢҪٻ࣬DĵֻƬе֪緭츲صı仯
ǲͬˮɳ㵹ܣڵ֪λʱһ־塣
Ȼܣһ٣ųԹҶ׷Ź
㷲صȴԼˣϧҶǰһæڸ񣬲û˼ȥ
δ֪Ŀ־ĥˣһһյȴ٣谵ʱŲ֪˶죬ڴ˼εĴţİһϮ£밵ɫΪһ塣
ؿˣ룬Լڻǵˡ
ֱشѺİңһѶ˵棬ò̧ͷͿκ뷢ף˵壬ǱģDûϳԼĸʡ
ʣʣDŬҪ壬ȴסֻܻͷŭҶҶʲô
ҶбߣһֳǣDģ㼱ʲôһģ֮ǰƹʱɲôĺøʡ
ҶҴ㣬ôװʲô⣬ԷʱҴһҲûһб¾͸Ҹʹ졣D֪˷һѪԶҶŭ
ǰŮɫһ˲תֶǸӺ̬βһδ۵׵Ц⡣
ΪĸӪȸףԷʱҲʱDΪܵԷڣײ
ʱʶ£ΪD⸱Ǳģ⳰Цŭ˱㷢˿ڽǡ
һŭ֮Լߵ̴ӽðԼֻѪпЦȥֱԷص˺³ñ߾ҶΪ֮£ŻҽȻ
ʹ죿Dһʹһֶͣ㻹䡣īǱ񻨶ذƯشת׸ߵİûˣ壬ҵޣһΣ󷨵ʲô
ۼһ˲ƣ̶ߵİһ򢣬֡
̰γذףûκԥ䣬DҶӦء
Ѫеֻ䣬ɴۣٲϲԼӣҲûע˲̵һĻˣӣ
ҲáDŶڵϰҶ۾Ҳûգ壬˵һ飬ҵޡԿһ᲻ȥι
˸iD㻹Ůҿһǰɱһ
ֻƬ̵ԥҶһ̧֣DҲӦء
Ĳҽ˺ѷΡ
ֻͽ͵ؿһĻʹ
ʹࣿ壬ֻŸ⣬ĸȾԲһȥʱ򣬱ڻҪʹǧٱ
صѪǻ
л˵
ûϲϲ֮⣬޼ʹࡣ
Ҷ裡裡裡


153
Գ˼Ծ𡣡
һһDѾذ׸ĿȫǣֱֱֹѪֻʹعذš
Ҷüͷδһ£עڵŤD壬Σ£ǲԸ˵ô
ƳDÿһָ£Ѿ׵׳˷ˡ۾ֻΪԼһģ
µȷҲΪ½ˡҶҪߣһʱûֹѪӵȥأ׼ˮʳȥ͹ʳҵҪ˭Ÿ񹷡
һߣһ壬Ҳ֪ĸӣһҿԸѡȨ
忴⸱ģʶĻɱԼŮ
ıɱ˻ѪǾİϣûˣ
ˣ˾סҶˣҸ㡣
Ҷͣ½ŲʩʩȻϣⲻͶˣʶȤǶʡ²پʱ䡣
촽ɬŻʱ̫ʵѾܿȻѾֿɵãĽҶأȻδжʤ㡣̫ԴһĪչʱһԳŮˣ˵԰̫սʤҶ٣һͳ¡
̫һʼҲƹһڼʤ㼫΢̫沢Ҳֻѡķ󷨺ҵӦϣȻҶ٣̫ϲԴ˽Ϊϱ
̫棬Ҷ飬ҳƵۣҲ᳤áҪǧֻתѹһ֧ʵĹѪάϵתǴ
ʱ̫Ѿ񣬰˵Ǩī٣ڻʹص֮˽󷨡£Ҳʷأ̫˳һͳǻīϵѪάϵ󷨣Ҷٷأ޷ѵĿܡ
Ҷϸ۲ɫбԵ١
˵ΪŮˣδκʷм˵ĴڡҰͨأ컻˵ҲܹǻĹȻδа֡
˵ӦĹΪʲôʷȫļأ
ʵԼҲ֪ǺҲֻ汲Ľ֪һΪ̫ʱѾ˵ԼһҪ鱦ҪͺҲ̫κԼĴڡ
Ҷ΢˼Ҫְп⣬ΪȨһЩ˵ͨ쳹صǮƻǷ࣬Ҳֿɵá˲رذ
֮䶨ȻǴĳֽס
ƾʲôͼرذ
˵ȡ裬ҲҪڰ̫沼󷨺͸뿪ˣ̫Ѱң˶ʯ󺣣ѶϢ
ҶĬע壬˼˵ĿŶȡ
ȷЩ翣һ˴ҵϢȥ
ˣͼΪΣĽף
Ҫ֤һ¡
ڵõҪѶϢҶҲԸƬ̣׼뿪
ĿԹעҶ뿪ıӰȻڵ氡Ҷ
ЦصĵУΪ㸸׵ô𣿡
֮еģŮͣ˽Ųת˲ֳǰüɫ׷ʣѻ˵ס
֪Ϊ֮ǽʵھ̫ʣֻſѪûлشҶ׷ʣŻһںѪ˹ȥ
Ҷ޻ԷܵĴ̫󣬼ģ˹ȥһʱѲ
Ҷ¶Ӷɨһۣˣ˵һʱҡ
ȥ֤Ե٣ûʱڴ˴˷ʱ䡣
ֻԵĻһ鵶еƬصУֻĳһѪ⣬

Ҷգڵ˵Ϣԭӡһ㣬ʷɫ̺Уδйڴ˵ļء
Ҳȥʹĺ䣬ɷһλܻ
ĺҲ¶ɻ˵ǰҲһϣ置ɽ̵ĹҲһ֣ǱκһжδΪ
һʱ˽֡
Ҷ룬Ҳǰľ£Ҷٵ֪
ȥҶٵҶٵл򱱺δܷʱҲסھе򱱺Ҳڵľڡ
ϸѰ󣬾Ȼļ䰵УѰҶٵµļ
Ƶᱻ´ĥ¾ɵϢҶõעǰּθջأֻĦıҳ
ʵλᷭҶٵƺδԴйȤ˶汲뾴֪ҫ۵ĽҲڵӰ
֪ӵĹ̫ңʶڻرеĽ֡
ʱѾ޿ɱܣҶһԵ˱һ
ʷҶѩķâҶٵּȴҪԵּ࣬䣬ȫȻʷ׹̨ǰٹɵλ¡
ּ繣ƽһһɾ٣ܽ֡
вδһʼ²ʲôܣЩµʣȴɼִ˵ᣬ֮ڱҲԵ繡
ҶеݣȴδԴǶɣ෴ĺָ΢΢š
ΪһгֵƵʣʵ̫ƵЩ˵одһҲΪ
Ԫ꣬īȥմڷ¥ţҲȥ౼۷¥ƣ޸ۣͨȸţνīٳƽĵضΡ۹ֵδй𡣡
٣һյ滨𣬵˾Ϊѩ
궫һѩü
Ԫ꣬ϰӿήпϧҲֻ˲Ѱһֲմϣ֪úηӾïһ統ꡣ
Լϲ̼֮ήԸ귱ï꿵
֪߰˵Щ޷ָɣ˰һʡ
֪Ըл꣬곤
ּࡣ
£Ѷ
ټʱɫݣ޵ɡ
˵Ϊ
ּͿģƬƬīۡ
´
ҶϢһҳ
ʮߣƹ
½ףΪפرگ뾩üӺīմ麼ˡ
Ȼ뻢ıƤսƵң³˿ѡձȨһ
յȥɽˮԶ
֪ӣͤͤǣһ統ꣿ
ΩԸݣ󡣡
л˵
궫һѩü滨
ҶõʲôŮ籾
ǵģϲ
ôн£ľֵıӾһλأ
лк
ʵǰаʾģȻ˵ֻ󵼶ߣϾÿ˵ǲһģ̫ھᣬոλԼĲ²ͺá


154ۻ
̰ᣬҲṰãصޡ
Ҷ䣬*һһ׹Ļ档
ϻ繣仺һһʽţҶƬ磬ַҶ衣
ҶеһϮ繣ɴĿִĶŴݣ·Զɽɽ᰼ģɫ̡
תһƬҶƮ䣬ڽϡ
īִסҶѥ̤ҶĽŲʱŻعͷ
¡
ҶѾִܹ˵Ҳһ¡
ߵīߣȥϵҶ뽣ж黹
īָĦϵĻƣȻڣ£Ѫζ
ҶһԼ䣬Ȼǰ̴ľϢǰյ飬ҲͻϲӦûѪζԼϡ
תһ룬ʧ֮˵йǸī˵ѪζҲδָζָֻܸоԼ¼Ѫ
ˣǻش𣬡ǰգȥDˡ
飬һǲȷ»īʲôӰ죬ЩҪմѪڱī˾ͺãԼǸģ
īĬʱԤҪʹֲԾսнԭˣԲ𡣡
Ҷɻ󣬡ΪҪҵǸⱾҺDһЩ˽𡣡
в죬DĳԹǵDǴŹ򣬴Ȼī貢޹
ī貢ûлشָⷴĦŽʣظһ飬Բ𡣡
嵭ͬһʱƮɢ̣µ
Ҷûм׷ʣǻ˸⣬Ļ壬ǵĹһΪŮѰԼ԰۸Ҳָ£ʹص׵Ǹ󷨡
ع򵥵ظī裬˵ˣշʷϣҲδѰ˵İ˿
īϸ˼Ҷ˵еϸڶԼ֪ܹǺϣƻѻֻйʵ̫翡
ԺнԼļѰ˸飬Ҳûйӡ
֪īҡͷδ˵ˣУҲΪ񡣡
ī販ͨ˽ǶʷˣҲ֪Ļ˱֪
˵û̽Էǵǣհ˼ʱõ̬˼·ˣ˼ͨ쳹صҲûκκۼпܵľǣҲֻһϾȡһαװ׵ķ
ֻǴ˵ĻȷһпܵƲ⣬пܣִֻ֪ӺδȥѰټأ
ҶҲ˵Լ뷨ھʵҲΣҪֲͼǮƣ࣬׺ʲôף˵ȡ裬Щʲô
ܶ¡īģȲҪٻҪôֻҪǮ֮¡
ʲôҲʶƳԼ󣬡Ҫ¡˾Ѿʱ꣬ҲȻݺӡ
ţ
Ҷīһ漴ҡͷҲ˼ȷӳ˵ܹǰڻ̫ˡֻΪ֮£ڻӰ졣
ϸһ룬ҶҲԼЩ쿪ܻ꣬ȻҲǳϣ֮ˡ
£ڼοУյϢת˲֯һƬĻ
ˣȻص˵ɡ
ҶǣֻصڣȻؽӹΪīȥ˿ϵˮ
ī跴ԵЩܣرҶĶȴһ׽ס󣬡Ҫ
˵˳ȥֱϵ顣
īʹɫЩС£ðͺã±Щµġ
֮ͶѣΪΪʲôҶʣȥüմȾˮ顣
ָͣüǴ
īüţƺԥãſڵ£ӦҪ£˷ʱ䡣
˵Σ˵ҲһҪΪģұ㲻ƴǡ֪īУĽͣ̾һڻرҡ
ɫ԰ףٿѪɫͷܿҶĿ⣬˷ˣ߰ɡ
Ҷָһ˲սеоԼҲ򲻰ҵţ⣿
ҵ˼ش
ҲǴҪ
īȴһƣҴ˿˵һظأ׼ҹָڵʮ׼
Ļĵͨ͸ԼЩŵ˽ģҲİ
īȻȴҲԸܵͣͣ˿̶ݵĳĬҲԵѹޱȡ
Ҷջûлش𣬶ͻȻʣҶʵһֱϲմ麣ô
䲻֪ΪͻȻЩ£īҲδǡ
Ҷָ֣»̧򢡣
Ըܵīһ˲δѱĦǡ
īҪ̬㷲ֻд˿е¶Щ
һֱ֪
īЦЦǳعŴǣЩֻƬУҲƴճȥһմ麱ѻ֪ҶΪǰأҲѹһݡ
Ѿǵľ£ĲЩ
ҶϢø̴ľŵҲڴ˿Գ˵ԸСīʶˣȴ˴齵ıԵ޿ˡ
ֽľƣҲðաľɲֻǴͶѵҰļң˶ȴӲܡڴ齱ƵĿռڣϢ¶ߣʲô䣬Ψվ
Ȼ˽ġҶԹԵЦǰˣɫѩףǻݣǰ׵ü͸ļ£ѪҲɼһ֣ײߢ˿֡ҴʥˣҶ١Щʱҷʷ飬ֻΪһֿɼȴƫƫʧ֮ۡ
ʶմ麣λᣬȴԥɣһС
סīָȣ̣ͬǽΧһУ¡
̰ᣬҲṰãصޡ
̴ľϢӿ˳㼸Ҫû
ϴī輸Ǳص봲ı䣬ǰֻһƬڰֻܸܵԼ촽ӭҶĴǣ̵¶ȼս
һֻײҶУֻܱȥӭͻֲΥǡ
Ƿ׹˳ûЮ׹Ϣ䡣
л˵
ҶҶ̬belikeǣҶ٣Ůľ籾㻹ݰ
ǰ˵ҶҶٿƣʵںȫһġ
Ҷֱֻ˺籾


155Ը
£㵽ϵõʲôأ
Եһǵľ˵Ȼ㲻Ϻõ顣
ΪĿ֮Ǻڰйٶ괫ҧʹУʶҪܿԷȻԤϵһ㣬ǯסӭϣݾ
ī˵ڴУʹֻŵסҶļ
Ǵʹ۽ˮЩʶɢڴݼ䡣
ֻܱƬг˳о׹䣬˳Խ׹Խ
֪˶ãīڱſټĹֻҵĴϢ
Ҷ˳ī衣
ΪõǣīĴ귺һƬ죬֬ˮο糺졣ԵˮŨܵ۽ʪ󣬽ëлδɺԵ顣
ֻ޴קסԼ򴦵ϣˮץסľ
Ҷָ̧£ֻȥ۽ǵˮĽëԼģڼϷϸܵ⡣
ԼУ׾Ϳ뻳СɼʹڴʱīȻǲģֻһ䵭Ĳ
ѩɫӳĵһ£Զ¸ߵҹա
˿¾С
°˸ۡ
һѹͷһ
Ҳīе෴ӦŭֻǱɫʼƽޱϲ
ԴīĿ˫ĿɴҶ͸ѴñǽĳĺѹīϵİӦѾж¡
˫ʧһ£Ҳȫת˫Ŀлãܱ۾޿Ҫࡣ
䣬ӦȻн⡣
īƺڵЩʲôüۼŻ֮ȥǳ
ͬսڻĻѩʱڳˮ޴Ѱ
صȴţī迪ڣ£㵽ϵõʲôأ
ʣ಻Ǵ·ɻŨصƣ
Ҵδκ֮£ī衣Ҷüɫֻ࣬ϣƽϲ֡
£ûԵ޹ʵĺ⣬˶̰󡣡֣ĦҶֱҺãõʲôأīϵĵļ˾ī豾
Ļޣֻǵ㵽Ϊֹ˫¿ԣȴ̵ֶĿϣҶش
ҶԣҲĹǡҶ˫ļͷȣҾˣҲī硣
īͷתҶ˵ʱɫƬ̵Ĳ
ҶЦһ£Ҫǡûм˵ġ
ܿīȴϸҶÿһ㿴Ҳܴ־ңҶҲûʲô̹ס
ϸҶЩҶ仯ܴ
֮ǰԽɫֽԴȡԼʱҶģдԵɫƻζҲĹīȴܵҪرܣΪԣһ˵ܼеľ
һΣյźš
ī迴ҶĵЦֻЦŵҲңҶ١
ҶӿϣϢǰ̴ľ֯һΡǶ˵ĴźҲ᷸ԸĬĬԶػ˹˲ǰźҲٷ
ԣī費ɫֻ֡
ǴʲôʱʼأҶ࣬ĿԶʵ̫ѧʼҾͲϲĿǷָˣҲ߳Ǽӵ鷳㡣
ЩԶļҪ࣬Щ˳Ҳһᡣе飬ȴеġ
ǰǸڴĳӵܣҰ˴ԺظǶԩ޳ϣҪΪ㡣ȥ˵Բѵ˵ֻҪһգ㲻ù
ʵͯʱЩˣǰ͵ĹƲֵö࿴һ۵Ķ֡
˵Ҳ취ֻܵжһֻ첲ִˣӦǼ̫ˡҪ˵ز˻ܵñ˭졣ҵȷûټ˱ҸĹС
īƬ̣Ҷ˵ǵã̫ѧеȷûټǸˣīٳж̸˼ֲ֮δԴģû뵽һԵ
ᡣҶ̾һ¶룬Ҫô֮޲ýÿһѪⶼ˱ɾҪôǰΪǣΪˡӹףǵĿⶼһᡣ
ָػǣ//ͬ˵ǲлˡ
ϵϴǣ»ڣỮĵŰ׺ѹ죬ҵ⣬㹻ʱӦʡ
Ӧʡīƫͷ֪ΪЦһûѡô
ҶĻشҲᣬȴ๣ûС
ԭɫǳĴѸٲ԰ȥҶ˵仰ʱʶˣҶԷڻʹ谭ؽҲӲֹ˽ֳһеһжԷȴûа취뿪ʹ뿪Ҷߡ
Ҷ
īҡͷȴһԲ볤õļĬ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ӵһۿʼ֪ҶԡķˣսķǱ뺣ǳ
ѡģǧ㾡ģһӡ
ۿһҪϵλá
ֱµһöӣΪԼ
رܿɲѡΧڡҶڴָʾԵزһ£˵㹻ʱ䣬㹻ġ
īַֽ£²ô򵥾Ϳɵġ·Ҫߣǰ·̹ΪʲôҪһжҵϣ
ȷʵҶס֣ԣֻҾͺáģԽҡ
īȴһֱǱģ£˵Ķԡ㲻Ҷ٣Ҳմ麡ǹһ£Цǳմ麣ҲӦˡ
Ҷû仰ֻīƮɢޱҹɫС
ƻҡҷīѩοһƬӰ̾й˯˴ϣ߰ɡ
Ҷֻʮָۣ˵ֻһѡ񡣡յīϣҧһĶ߻ҳȻʲôӦˡ
л˵
Ҷä˲ðɣ
ֵúˬ


156
ΪΪѡ
īѵϢúܺã֪ѾҶķӦҲƽȥż֮⣬ÿֻĺǰ
ֻضգʹӿķ粨ƺҲȫȻš
ҲǸòŵ֪īϢͬҶк˵ԼҪīһ棬˳ΪʲôīôҲԼʱ֪ǲԼĴҶɫ¶һ΢ľڵͷ׼빬ȥī衣
ȵҴʹȥʱҲߵβľػҡ䣬ڵ̳£ͥ
ȿŮۣڴϸܵвٹ𻨶С
ŲҴңīȻ״ӽŲϳ˵ݡ
ֻȻڣߵīǰԡ
īģʱֶپ޻˵ǰʵĻڶīϵɴʱҲϵɰʯʺ
ǿī⸱įģԼҲԵͱˡ
ĬãīȿڣôһӦаʱûˡ
ΪҶĹϵԼ֮еĺͣһ죬ֿȣҲΪҶڳεˡ
ôһڣ˵ҲΪǺˣɱôˣô£ȻҲ߲ˡ
īü΢޷˵ĽǶȷѾ뵽õİ취
ȻҲ֪񣬲ϲָֻţϲ˰ˡСҶ׺˾֪£ҶѣȻܵ¼ɡò׼ú·ȨҲ뵽׵ķ
ֻʱΪԼīٳƵһգõֶδ⼤Щȴû뵽ǽһټʱΡ
ī裬ΪǣһԸȴЦŵȥƿر˵ˡ
ֵأīɤᣬδкŭֻʣ˶ʱ򣬲ѡĻᡣ
濴˫۱ɴס粻ɫӿջջԹĻϾϣīȻҲ㲻Ӯҡ
ǴһѣǱ粻ġջǷͬīӮΣѾ˼õĽ
бͫǹ΢Ϸʡ
ϧī迴飬һţīһסƮ𻨣ã಻ãΪΪѡ
˵ʱüͷī裬Ҫ˵ûʲôҪ½Կգ۰޶С
īЦһٿȻ黨Ʈͬ
룬ңˣȻҲǣҡ
˵ãҪһҪҿھȥû㡱˵ţȻʶʲôҶ׼ߵģ
īѵ¶Ȼɫδش
δش𣬵һʹһգҶ˾ӿӶȥѰī䣬ŻѪīʱʧǵģҲڳٶ۵벻ôһ¡
˺ôҲһ𳤴ģô
ǰƺҲûô졣
ߣǿ㣬Ӱ˩ɣһ°ڣǰ¡
īԣЩЦ֪֪⵽ҹָڣٴһЩԾ̴ȥ֮ǣңҲȻһҵĸҪЮֵΣ
ī裬ûסֽţҲûժӣ̶ֳֻȵǹزס˵ġڣĿ⼸ӣ˵ף˵һҪߣͲˣʲô취ҪЮʱҲ⸱ģ
ɫ⶯˵ڣֻᴹͷ
סģֻԼ
Ź̵¶ȣǵͷϸܵĴʹ
īеǣ˼ʱܻĶ
еǡ
ǰΪ©һţӳ˾ǣӵ߻ǻ˷˷Ͼشͨ˷Ҫǳʧأԭǧϡ
ԪڼߴϢ˵ѾӻκκʵѾأûжʱˡԪڼʱӻκȻҲԼı
΢üͷоҲ̫ƽ˶֧Ҷػ壬䵽Լϡ˸iDϵĿܣ㲻ϰ֣Ĵ߶
üͷԽԽīȫȻäĲä֪ϢٶǲҶòٵҲһû¡
ˣҶòĵ£òĵġۼī軹˵ȥƣڿڴⱾͰػģҲ⡣ҶҪǸλãôոɽҪȥеΣȥ˼ٶ࣬ıٶ࣬Ҳһ˾ܽġ
ԪڼҲһκԭԸҲ飬Ƴлڹʱ򣬾ͳսҡԪڼûӻȥȥκץʵۣҲܾʹӴԭáЩҪҪȥ⡣㷲¶ȥ˼ȫˣþƾǾͲλãȥ
ڱ
ǸԹֿۣ͸ˡ
ī΢ֻȹǵסԼĶͷ¶ƣ
ī裬ߣÿǵôߣߣʱߣδȥһִֻϣԵģӦȥĵ¡
㻹ģǧϣԶҲ߲
ͷָ˼Լʹ˵öԣסҵģҲֻԼ
ΪЩʲôҽǿд·޷ߵֻ֣ܾܼ֮ƽ·
֮âɣǸߴʤ
ٿȻ綯ζ¸ȴһʱɢ̡
ҶǷֻǾȥһ
ͭǮ죬ռöǶͭǮֱſס
沢ֻܿīɫӡ
ǧ㾡ҲͶ
ī裬Ҫε̬ȥ顣һöһöʰͭǮ·īģҪֻǣĸ飬ǲҪ¡Ҫֲ뷨ȥǨֹͣʣֱһ
īͭǮģֱӲѹȹʹҲû֣˾סνˡ
л˵
ûºܶʱ͵͵дԤգ֪Ϊʲô͵һдűȽС

棬Ҫô˵ʲô˩Ͳƽ̨дĶˡ


157ʳ
ΥŵԣȻҪ۵ġ
겻գϵĵΨһĹԴ
ڵв֪Ѻ˼Σʧȥ˶ҹĸֻƾű˯ʵʱ֮飬ֻпŻ˯ʱʱʹࡣ
֪ʱǰ绹Ǻҹΰ֮䣬ˮĽŲ
̾ʶΪѰʵ飬ܿ˲Ծ
޷ǽͶŤӰһɨеѪϢݱ»ʢǰ
ôڡһϷЦҲ׹أȻ¥ݲ£ѣ̲
ʱȤζشܣִ˸ָϵĵһɨڵ
ƻ𴱴ӰüڻɫͫͶµɫӰ
ŮӵӣȷһİףδˣһʱҲ²⡣
ĽݽƽҴ˸飬һ°ڣǰ¡
ǶЩʲôֽ˶٣һֳ򢣬ʵ
屻ʵľ֪ΪȻ֪Щ飬ѹеĿ־壬ʣʲôˣ
ⲻҪܹ鲻ȥġĽݽۣĵػش𣬡ֻҪشҵ⡣
ȻҵģҲûʲô׵ġϣҲȻٶԵ̬
һЦĽݽм壬Ϊ㻹*ϵʵأҶҲּۻ۵ģۣû취ֽõػڰɡ
ܵı̫࣬ЩѾΪɱңûʲô˵ġ
Ľݽ΢ǰ㣬۵ЦЦԤϵ㷴ֵ˼ǮһļͷһͽɸɾҶҲûڴ
ٿȻ䣬ͫӰбŨڣתָΪĻ
ֻ㽻ôʹ죬ǲǵãʱӦǧҪһ㣬ֹ͸¶ĴڣԼΪΥԣҪӦĴۡ
˼תȷڻഫ˵һ㣬ûж˷ϡ
Ϊ̫꽻׺˾ƾʧһ㣬֮Ѿȥ꣬˭Ҳ뵽
˭ѵкǻͽ
Ľݽڼ׷ʣɻǵãΥŵҪĴۣ
ǹһһٵǲ˵ΥģӵеĶڣҵҲһһջأ
ô֪ô岻ŵۣǰŮ˵ľȻµһֲһϸиֳһָĿ־壬ԡ˵ô񣿣
ҡȥǰŮ˵ݣ൱־µ٣ϸ£ûаƣκµĺۼ
ʮѾʮˣôܻڣ
ô
νϣӦֻһңɼĻôĪ볤ϣʵѰɣǧһ˵ɳվҲ˴²һԸĳ롣
ѵĻǰڣഺפô
ȷһòصŮˡ
еĲ뽥Ӧֻ֤ŨصĿ־֮У˵ֶڲĽݽĿ⣬·ڿһɲ
ȻΪ˵ĻĽݽֵݣһϷʵЦ⣬ҵȻҲٵõ㡣
ҵػζˣΪʲôҪԹۣ󷨱ٵ̫ȡ裬ʲôô
Ľݽҡҡָ֮кãԽ֮һССʡ
ȡ裬ѵΥҵŵԣûҵĳŵô
Ѿ󷨵Ĳã󷢴ȱ˳ıߣ˲鷳˵ܹתɽ̣ҲǸЩФġҾ͸ң˲ͼǮȨܿռɣִ⺦ңīӱƵʯ١
ҪһУңīƵ·Ȼ⣬ȫȻ֪Լ˶
Ľݽָһ죬ǰƾո˾ŹԵͼֲŪйӰǣǾ͸һȺˣȻȫȻ֪ص׵󷨶Ϳճһ߿տǡ˵ģǲҲ֪˭ˡ
Ѿ御ˣ塣ܲǽ󷨣ҪǱɡ
ȡ
Ǳ޻˵ʹͷԸңҲûжɽĻᡣ
ĽݽǱ˼붺ЦͶҲҪѡܲʲôè߲ܰɡ
αϣĿԶЩ䱾ûкԶҴӺܾ֮ǰԤϵһ졣
֮ˣͲФĪӣ֮棿֮Ҳ˳֮Ҳʹ˳ߣҲʥ˱ɫֱԼöƣȡҲ֮С
ˣˣ˷̫ʱˡ°һһߵǰôڸгŵˣΥŵԣȻҪ۵ġ
˶ûкôô±֪ĴڣͲˮ𣡡
֪Ӧ˿صģŮǱӦҲ´ݾߡ
㿪ƴʱȴȻоʺһѹľʹһ˫εĴֶסʺ޷
ˣĺʼѡ
ֻܷ˻Ƶ۽ѵؿĽݽֻ˫ֻأݵģ
ҡҷüڹƻá
ôЩ޴ˣ˶˯ˣ׺䶥ӦöѲġĽݽָһǸоȫȻϢţɫ˵ҵȷ±֪ҵĴڣԣֻ˵͡
ֻԼʺεǯƣȱɫϣģĿ䣬ٿĽݽ覵ݣʺһģ
㵽ʲôˡ
ϧûеõ𰸣ĿҲģܸܵԼڷš
Ŀصɴ˫ۣϢ
纣˰ľЦаȴ˲̵״ҵʬ塣
˥ˣѼǲݣҲ緢ģĺý㣬ꡣ
ûĵͬģŵԵˣһ
Ľݽת뿪ٿȻз紵ϵӰû˺ڰ֮С
Ȥ
л˵
֮ˣͲФĪӣ֮棿֮Ҳ˳֮Ҳʹ˳ߣҲʥ˱ԡϴϴ͡


158е
޶ض
֦ͭλ¯Уˮڣĩչϡ͸۵˿֮ϡ
ݵдע
ЩʱգеȻҶڴΨһãעõϸǸ¶ѡ
ʶȤҶҲͲδΪ˶ԴҲֲ֡Ͼӣܱûá
ҶרעеʱŮͨ˴ҴҴ롣
̧ۣͿɫشæǰ
޺ٻ¶ı飬Ҷ֪·ͬСɣһʾŮˣʵôˣʲôˣ
ˣѹ˽̲꣬˼ֲײĿ־塣
ôᡱ
Ҷɵ޼æ֣޹أ֪ôû¹֣念඼ЩƤˣһ
Ҷһϲޣôö˶˵ͻȻأ
޵ɫԵֹΣͬ

ҶͬѺĵ°ʱѾŵʬʬϢɫüͷŶĸǰȥ鿴ʬ塣
ֻ̱ڵʬĿɴ˫ۣ״ҡ
ɫ¶ƤŰɫʬߣȥѾȥһʱ䡣
ȥϢһʬҶ˲²⡣
ǣϢһû⡣޶´ѾӲʬ壬۲ǽճʱġ
ҹʱǱģҶתͷ󼸸ɫŵİ
׷׹Ǽҹֵصģ֪ΪκȻ˯˹ȥȵʱѾˡ
ҶĬؿǰΣ֪ܹǱȻҲЩֶΣûͬǶƽϣֻǰ˰֣Լȥ췣
ںҲǹգ⼸ûκҩĺۼȻ˯ȥжвѡ
Ҷüͷ𣬡ҹҡǱʹȻЩֶΡȻͨΰǱΪʲôҪֱֶΣ
ϸؼʬ壬˵⣬εĵط
תͷҶд˼ֿ־壬ҽʬʱ򣬹ѺӲûб򿪣ûκοĺۼƾġ
˵ƾոӾϢˣҶҲɴۡ
ֹˡҡͷʬ壬ʬѾϸˣûκպۡ
ôܣ˵ҶҲ˶ĵʬζϸʬ壬ָӣûκιߣϢˣ
ҶĬŹ۲ʬ壬ȷ˵ʬãûκʩĺۼŽӲױŤɴ۾·ǰʲôֲ֮¡
ʵ̫ΣҶ컳ǲжϳֻͻϢ״Ӧᣬ״Ǳǻġ
䰵ҵȷ
Ҷ֪ʱѾʢ̨ǰϸ۲̨ȼһ򣬡⼸յ̨ƽչ߳ǲģȼյĺۼ
ֶ۲ڵµĺۼҷĺۼҳʵġӡ
һȦңҪôʵǴ֦ҶҪôǸڸĺۼҾúߵĿԸһЩ
ʲôٰ֮ˣҲֻܳŻԭյ龰
̫ˣѰֶܹΡ£Ӧһ˿ѯʡ

ĺܿ˰ңڿʬʱֻ΢һüͷǾΣ
޼򵥽Լķָ֪
ĺϸ߽Ӳʬ壬üͷԽԽ˼úƶ˵ȷǱɱģҲõʲôʹж
˵Ҳ׼ȷ˸׼ȷ˵׼ȷ˵ʩֻǵĹ⣬ʹϢ
̵ķʽڵ˶üͷ
ĺϽӡɫŴɢߣոʬΧ̨оϣ̧֣ǣּɼɫ⡣
˾ͨʹùĺͷ۲̨ҲǱȼģȻֻǼ򵥵ɼ˶ͨӦ֡
ɲһ㣬ĺɤĿЩۼʹص׵ͬһ
һƬţθ
˼ĺۼͬһҶǰĹƲ
صŮʧ󣬲δ뿪磬ȰǱΧ
οұв޷˵꣬綼Ϊޣĺ⣬ûκ֪屻Ѻڴ˵ء
ô֪廹ţ˳ҵλãҡڵؽɱִҡڵ뿪
ĺ䣬ãпܴǰ𣿡
Ҷһһ³ԼĲ²⡣
ܡ˵˷񶨣һٳҲܻࡣ
˵ţԼҲ΢ȥϾռĲ˼֮ʵ̫࣬ԼԼҽеɡ
ĺ䵹ûȫ񶨣֮븴֮ĳ˵ҲͬһĳЩطֻ֮֮ҪѰҲ಻ϵǣ֮ҪѰɢꡣ
Թϵﲻ˸Ϊ֮ѾһѪ
ǺԵģӹδκһɶԳϵоҲǺ޽չһ̶ϵطഺ٣ǵȷġ
˵ұ컯Īˡʴǳߣߣܳӡسӣת࣬أɵòࡣ
޶ضǱҩ档ָն֮ҲѪ֮Ҳ֮ɰأӶ̴֮ȻҲ
Уб˳࣬ҲӦ֤һ㡣ĳЩҲȫȻûпܡ
ĺҶĿԣ˵һʩʱܵһİϢȷڰмӡ
ǻܻڣĿʲôڰôҶɻʵ
ڰûеҲɱ塣
ĺҡͷҶٸ񣬡Ҳ֪شҪһǰȥ顣Щʱգϣܺúչ˰


159ѩ
ѩһ꣬ضģذס
ͭɺлƮɢڴưδۣбʼպϸĥõɰڴʣȴ⼱ӵĽŲһʼֽ䦿һƬ졣
ü̧ͷͿŮӣ׷һ̴ֵ̿ӡ̧ͷ̴ӺعһƬˡСʵסҶˡ
ŮҲδأԸֶº̸°ա
˽˾ֱɴۣȴֻѹüͷҶʲô²ܵ˵
ҶЦǳɫֱֱϾˣܼ𣿡
üͷһ˲ɫҲø
̸ģ̯ģȡʹûѩͥ⣬ӰҲס㡣
ɫѾáѿݣȴվǿŭһʾ¡
һƬţֻ˳ĬһϮɫۣϻơԼҶʱѾԽշתīٵʱ룬ȻԼδٹ⣬Ҳ뵽ǵǸִƽĺҶࡣ
˵ɣҪôܷŹüţϲŭ
߶ָ˭޼ȴδӺֺŹһ˵
˫ǳɫͫĿضϣȡѪ껹ӺҲûк֮ˡ
ŮѾŭˣȻƾԸ¶û뵽ֱӴʹΪ˽ɽ̣˾ΪףǼ˾ְ𡣡ĵؽ¸رʼܣɫѩ»˪֪Ҷ䵱ĺպٹ⣬ɶٰ׹۾ͣ
ĬҶٱֲԾճȭ
ǡҶ;ɰ׹Ѫ̾ͣˣȺߵ׹ˤǡʹǽգΪմīҲյУ׮ѪծҲ޷
һλǰڣݹǰ
֮ڿڣ֪ʲôͬʮ£սƹأ׽ʮֻΪҡ֮ܵأմǧԮһ·׷ɱī෽ֻΪƽûĴ֮СݶҴδʶҲҪ
̧ģӳͫ͸ֱ㣬ʮǰϿڻĽҰɽСΪޱ¹ٲãܹƽ²ûīϵıӻϵλȴҪȡѪ㽭ɽ̡ûģһС
ҶٵĻֱ絶ʿԸݵĹȥȻŭȻվ͵ط䣬ҶٰҶ٣˵ùûʣ㿴ΪϧѡҡѾˣûж࿴һ֣ۡͿ֮
ȻǶңɱġεȻ壬봨˫Ŀմ˴񲣬ĺֻǽջصīٿī磬ȻҲɱġֻʣңһ»Ȩ׳ܿ⡣ҶˣֻЦֶòϡ
ѷᡣ
ŭЦⲽڿڣãҶ٣һʽ׺ΪȻΪѼ˾ᱣīϰƽմ麣ǰؼҲԶһ档
Ҷ̧ؿĿһ̶ˮ
ع۱ԭ꣬ĺ²׳󡣱һֱ̫ƽʱ°Ҵ񣬶ᱱ챦һһߵҶߣ޼ǵҶ䵱ڽʱĳĺֽ
δ˵꣬ͱҶٴϣҿԳ
޵Ļû˵ꡣһת΢΢ϳҶΪʮǣΪءٹ⣬¼ʹǵһ֮֮ϵҶҲδйɣüͷζؿҶ٣ڴĻӦ
ʲôطȻ˷߽ѩĻ֮һƵҪΪر߽
̫һƬžչڵڵȴĹ⡣ҶۣԺȴմ麵Цò糿ȴڹУɴ
Զ뾩ܶԼ޳ĪҲ̡
ˣҲΪմһˡ
ΨһԸٿ˵Цݣһ統꣬Ϸʮ
ǹȥǧһҶۣҴӦ㡣
չյЦصڴսŵȺĹڳһ
Ҷ٣ϣǶгŵ

峿춼δ⣬򱱺ǰѾųװ
ˣװˣǶóСʡ
ҶٿŴɫھͳ
˳Ծɴˣ컹ûء
ٳոҪ֪Ϣ˻ûãȴһ׷ҡֻװУ͵ͺá

ոīٳлһƬžֻд˵ڿСһƳ߰ǽΣשϵĳɳ۶
ֵ˶δţտյȻҲû۵˻ǵư
մ麼ߴűǸĿܵٿһЩϵĵú󱳵˿ֱ˺ѣܸܵѪ͸ɴ
賿߻Ѹ֪ҶܷϢҴææ׷˳
˷ʲôطѩֻʱĿΪĿຮ֮أٱǱκκʱгͻ
Ϊأڿຮ֮һ𣿣
մ֪һĽ֪Ӧ̽ҵջسʹԼҪۡ
ǡ֮ǰٿҶһۡ
峿ĿϣŴʹקֲڵʸĥϸ۵ָۡ
ۣڵ˳Ž£ȻŽգŸһꡣ
سǵʿˣǳ⣬ȴڿ˺ɴۣư
קʿʣҶأ
մˡʿδģ˺մ麣ýͰͣ°ʱǰͳˣбµҪ׷϶׷ˡ
һ仰մʧǵɿ֣ʧؿķ
ΪʲôҪ뿪Լ
ѪӺӵȾ׵֯ȹĶǵĺ죬ѩʢĺ÷
Ѫˣ
ƺӵľ벻ϵĿʶĩ֡
ʶʧƺоϱĴУڼϻɱˮۡ
ϸѩԿƮ䣬ǳīٵĵһѩǳŽ϶еᡣ
ѩһ꣬ضģذס
л˵
[]±Ҳһϰˡ
ĿǾȿɡ


160÷
ûϲôʹҲǺõġ
ȵͷ
ԡҶ»У°մȾǵ˪¶һͷڷӯ䣬βлʪˮ󣬹ճ
ڵһƬžŮѾˣֻдͷȼŰ֧ҹʱ䣬īҲ׼Ϣˡ
̴ľűĿīԴ̧ͷü΢ĺأ
ζת˲Ѿ˱Ǽ⣬ˣºǳȴ̺Ųɫԡ
Ҷش𣬡ҪһӣӦæʰװ
ī־ɫҶתһЦö룬ûʲôϢЩüĿȥ̽ϢҲͬǱġ
ϸO@ʱ˵¡ī迴ɫԵֹѡ˳Ĭ֮ǰһֱסڵҶסһߵƫĺʱʱͻҶҪߣҲ޻˵
Լ֪ԼľܾҲãҲЩùǵҶáĳ̶ֳ˵ʶȤġ
ʲôϢīҶ˯ߣѯʡ
Էûлش𣬷ѯʣųô
һΪ鵮ΪȻǲŵġī˵תȻʣ˿ڡΪʲô²⣿
ͬ˵ʡģֻһ⣬Ѿ¼Ĺϡ
Ҷһջǽµʼĩʵ֪ī衣
ָɿīȻǾҶ÷ȥȻվѳɶ֮·ʬջǽעϡ
ȲԸ͸¶ԼݣôɱӦΪڡѵ֪ʲôô
ҶţҲ²⣬ʼص󷨵ĽйأĽף򵥡
īδÿɷ񣬡һԤС񻹻ţġ
ҲҪ󷨣ô󷨻ٻҪ˽죬Ψһһ󷨵ˡҶԼֱһƬīסֱ΢΢ţջ󣬶زҪӦ
֪
Ҷδ˵꣬īͼеش֪󷨵ջܴ󣬵㲻֪ΪҪĴۡ
ȥģ׽ɽפǧջûмܹܾңҪĴȻīϵѪĻصеѪḶ֮һ棬µֻء
¶ֲ̬ϸ׵ıݽҧһƬɫۼ겡ʹĥݵ΢΢š
κҪĴйأô͸Ͳ֮Ϊһѡ񡣡
Ҷ˫ְͷᶨһһŵ
īǱЩƽʧˣ£Σ衣ЩЪϢɡ
˵꣬ɻ˴ϣҶ˯¡
ټڵֻд߰յ򰲾ȼţӳ˫ɫͫͬϨδϨǻ
Ȼ*ܵī룬ȴֲ֪ԷԵɡ
֪ǳڼɵھ£ǳڽǡ
нԶ״̬վҶΪռҽɫطӿڣעīıӰѡ˿ڣǱߵפȱؽ˵رϾڽ˷һλĸǰȥפء
īȻӲЩԱҶڣЩƣ룬µ˵Ϊ⣿
أһֻỺشͷ˳޷
īĬã̾Ϣһ£ҵ˼פذԣЩСˡҾĸ죬ܳǷҪεУʵѡ
ɰʵѡΪͷָۣΣҶϢ¶ȷϸܵ⡣
īڷӣʵûкʵѡǳԸǰΪ·ǡ
δ䣬ǴʹһǿӲǯ̧𣬡˵ʲô
˵Ӧˣ¡ī̧Լ°ͣǴʹĽëš
ҶˣһͳЦ⣬֪ҲܴӦλҪ˵
ֻ⣬ȥȥкηֱأīʣǳڵµ˽飬αΪ
ΪѣҶԳһЦ˳Ħīǣ֪ΪҪ
һ΢ŵ̾ϢԵסҶ֣֮ԣʲôԸҶ˽ġεˣҲᱳ㡣
˵ģҸ⡣⽫ɫҡҷһƬɫīݾͽߣֻҪ΢¾ǡ
Ҳ޴⡣ī费ۡ
ôī贽ߣҪأ
óĬʹ𪼡ǣͬһƬӨ׹
ǣҶ֣ԼߣҪ֤أ
£ֱʱһƬ¶ǳһƮ䡣
ҶסԼֱңĳ⡣
һ˫ְļ򴦣ĦѰ괦λãײײظԼ촽
÷嵭ӯ䣬·ⴲһխؼ俪һƬɫ÷
ɬ׾ƺֻôĽӴ
˿ĴҲǱģµĴղѩ
۽⿴īգȻǹ߳ޱϲģҶĮɫ׽ŪֵĶóݼҧסīĴꡣ
һ䦳ѪɫѪҺͭϢڿǻ
Ĵʹīü𣬵סʹУûзֿǡ
īΪʹɫ仯Щ
⸱ֵĮģ·ûϲû//
ôʹҲǺõġ
ֱҶָĨȥǵѪһ룬ʵ뿪𣬰
ϧûشīֻ΢΢˳Ϣ´սһµǣʶ»˴ݼ䡣
Ҷֽ뻳УǵģӵסһƬѩ
īſ촽
ǳѪζڿǻУȴ༸Ҫ۵
ǵԣ䣬Ҷۿ⡣
ƬСΧڵĿռ⣬ҹɫȻĩʱڣɪҹɫب
ҶԼȻĿȫǣ֪Լʲô
ڲƵͬвī裬ڲֶΡ
أ棬ֻһС
Ҷ۽īͬҪ¸ѩ÷֦İǣͷ­
粻⣬仨
л˵
֪һΪ鵮Ϊ֮ͤ򡷣Ŀαѧ
粻⣬仨άϷʯ
дϷҵxpѾ¶š
ǰ˵ǸӹװдյˣͬҵҲһӹס
˵xpʵϴһ㵭ռ1ʮҼһͺֵܺ0
ȻϲһЩ˿ȸһЩȡ
ǵҾͺڣԺµcpҲкܶƵԪء
֮Ҳûȫܽϸ飬ȷʵҲ̫дҲûкŤŮͬԺޣΪҲд
ǿݷǱۣûͬ治Ϊ˼


161֪
·ǧ顣
ڶһ磬ĺǰīǱʱ㿴Էڴ˼ɫƣ롣
Ժ׵촽ڲ԰׷ɫӳԵøۣĺһ۾Ϳ촽ϵ˿ڣī촽ôˣ
ī费ۣʶ촽ϵƿڣϸ΢Ĵʹɫüͷ
ûʲôСĿĵˣ˸ڡ
ĺԵõ࣬㿴ӶҪСһЩð袶չ㡣˵ţ̾˿Ҫһӣߣηŵġ
û£ȥæԼ¾ͺãõҡī赭ӳʲôϢô
ʱҲûʲô£ֻҲܳӣϻҪĺڴߣϸϸ°ãīʱҲ鲻üĿֻȻûص˳û۾ķ
īɫĺ˵Ҳֻһ
ôˣ᲻ôǵϸ΢ĺУǺѹģ
īֻҡͷˣӰˡ
ȵ۾üĿתұӡĺֱ
ī̾Ϣһ뿪Ǻѵģ㵱ֻһա
ĺԣҲѹЩãǲԸô
Ѿ֮˭Ըأī跴ʡ
ĺһľżҲΪռС
īпڴߣһֳŶͷڷɢĺ䣬ʡ
μЩǰ£ңڴĮīѪģ䣬մ麵ĿָŶǣɫʹ࣬ξܻҶģ
ǵǼϢѹ֮Уп־뵣ǾҶüۣںͬ׹һƬӣ޴ӡ
ҴӲԸȥҲȥǱܵڿ־壬һջȨĸʴĿȫǡ
ǲǶ̫ƽóĬ׷ʡ
Ȼǲƽģĺ֪īĹ˼ɡǰĴ̫ʹûܹȥһΡ
˼ȻĲ̫Լĺָĺ󱳰ҾãҲ⣬Ǳ㲻⣬ô뿪İ취Ҳеġ
⣬ֵأ⼸ǧأɬĿ⣬ȥأ
ĺ䣬ԺΡŮһ£ȻҼֲ֣վֻܽܵҿԲܲˣ˷縡ƣҪΪ˾ñ˷顣
ֿҽɽӣӦкãȻմ麵ĺңīĺĲʧ룬ܽǧôȻܣֺαһֱһ࿴᣿
ֱ׵̻¶ģÿ˵һ䶼Ҫͣá
Ҫߵ·ǧǧ飬ÿһ鶼ңҲˡиõ·Ҫߣǧѡ񣬱ҲͲ˷ʱ䡣ۣǧֲʶƽϲϸ֦ĩڣֵһĶ
ĺ俴ͳģҲŷһɬĵ䣬ֻܰԵסĶţīȱЩ֮κ۾ô
£㵱δ˵ɡ΢ɫָƽĺ䣬ҪӵĻЩȵ붬ѩˣ·Ͳˡ
õĳĬֻĺ뿪

ʹԪڷӭ⸱̻Ի͵ģ
ѵļȻԵģ壬ʱֻмʱ̤ʱԻ͵Ĺڶƽˮ롣
ʶҲδԼгһջΪڵˡ
󤻢ŦУմӡľ϶ѻϸ¡
ѾעŮ˵ּɷ裬Ҳ͸ּ緢ģ
ϵҶӲܻġϾֻɨһᵽĸ˰Щ۾ͱһ㿴ۻңæ¸Ǻ£о˴Ҳ
˿һ߸£۽һƳ·Ůˡ
չ⽫һ㵭ΣĳĶĵ
нãŹڣҶ䡣
Ҷ̧ۣ£ʲôô
Ҷ¶һּǳĲͣԼǾԼŵġѾϰɫһ޽һ£ǲվЩס
˵˵Ҷڷе飬ۿ
̧ʱЦ⣬ȴһƬ׵ĺˮ
˾ʧƺѾкüˣڻûκϢôѯʣԴǳҺīͳʧȥϢԷʲôԶУ˻ǻ϶˾
ҶѾɹѳ˳ãȴٳٲīӰ˲²ⲻϣ˵ⳡг⣬Ҳ˵ѾĿɳ⼸ûайصϢ˼īѾԽԽ࣬廨ţҲ˵ûж
ʣҶֻϧģѾѰ˾ˣϧʱûϢѰģձ֡
īȻǺö˶˾Ͳڻʹ֮У۾ûҵָķҶҲ֪˫۾ʶϢⲻھѾ˶
ҶĻشˮ©Ҳò׼ʲô˼ֻӲͷƤԤ˵˾ȻҲҪ£һ±ǣ˾ڣռÿ˴ÿĸּҲ֡
ҲѾĩٽÿƵʱ䣬˾ڼ֣վҲһ鷳¡һ˵ţһϸ۲Ҷı顣
ΪԼ˵©Ҷ޾ܾɡ
ûвõɫ¶Цһʵ˭³⣿
ûСԼż֣ҲΪͷۡѼæشҪƲ˵Ĺϵ
ҶֻɨһΪŶĦָڵָɫ糣¹Ĺ£Ǹжôµ˼˾䲻׼ôأ
ɤƽ·һҳ϶ĳ
˫ɫʼƽչղ͸ֻͫоһעĿ⣬ֻȤĴ
л˵
дʱī˵Ҳˡеѹġ
ǡŮͬҼֲ֡ĪЦĺܺЦԲ
Ϊȫ綼Ůͬأ¡


162͵
㲻ȥ䡣
û뵽ҶȻ׻ظԼεãŵ֮ѡһ֮ܽ˳ݴ˾λá
˻˵ף˾һְҪͨ׾ռţһʱӺʱȥѰһܹʤεˣҶЦŷʡ
˾һְҪյĶɬμ˾ĪС㿪ʼѧϰʱҵһ˾졣
ĺܺ棬ҪӺδѰһܽīλõˡ
ͨ˼ܿԼôҲҪҵʵѡɡ
εسĬţҲЩ㣬ټʿȥңҲջ񡣡
ԭ˶ûҺã
ҶѾʼע飬ûȤѷϻǣ£˾һְǸһμ˾µԼīμ˾īϳīΪ˾˲ʢ˾ֻʧ٣δȷеѶͼѰҽΣδʧʺҲȺ֣̿ϲߡ
ҶشѾ˾ܾ̬ȣȻҲǿ
¶ȫ׼ѰεˣҲһ£һҲ޷Ҷǽ˵˼أѾѼֱʶȤ
ǡѰҼ˾һ£ҪЩʶȤģҶѻ˵ֵزҲֻò
Ȼʶ´꣬Ҷ˼úЦЦصϾұȱ»Ҫļ˾˵İΣ
޻ֻܼеظѾĺõ۸£Ҷͷ飬ֱϸ߸ߵһ鶼ϣŮһ鶼ᵽǰ
Ҷһ°񣬡յ鶼ѾϣġµĻȸˡ
ȻǰͲҶ뿪æҶһ·ߣҲˡ
Ϊ¾ӱ֣ࣿŮ۵Цǳǳұ¹Ĺ£Ҳο
ǣעһ߳ԪٿӰųһŷԼѾһƬʪЩղе
äĿؿα亹ûԼĺ󱳣ҶǰζĻ־岻ѣЦݸԼһֻǰͽ
˼Ʈ˰Σ£
˭ʵ
ѹǼĺɹ
¶Σԥŵͷɡ
죬żĺɹ˺ԪƫڣڲˣֻԼĻǰɫ㱡
ĺɹҴ˸񣬿ھʣӦô
Ҳûмƽϵķܣεҡҡͷ˵ī˾̫īԼñŵԡҲûѻ˵ֻ˵ҵεˣҲһ¡
ǻģǰĻﻹĺɹ͵һѶ£㡣
Σ˵˴̫棬ѲɻźԣѷĦŶͷͳ
㰥ҵʱ˵նֱ࣬Ӹ˵Ѿҵ˽εѡȻͲþܾˣΨΨŵŵģ¶
˵ʵ񣬵Ҳ֪ƾԼӷŲƨԸҲҶԼ˵ʲô
֮ǰԼ̫֮ĶУǻڹơ˭֪DֱӽԼΣ˭֪̫ӻû죬ӱȼսյ˾ǡ
һʱǬ߸ʾ˵ҳУʬ׶û˿̫ӣ˵ѳʵأ˭ܲµǱҶģ˲ŷֲµĿܡ
Ĵѡµ۵ѡʱĴѡԼϵеӵǻ˭֪Ҷһ˾İ嶨ˣ˴ĬĬŵĶλ
ЩʱգоĻ̻̣ϾҶѪϴһң˵Ѱ·ȥɱҶڳͷʬգĺֶλ˿־岻ѡ
ǰЩʱʱ̴һľ峵һѪģ˳
ںһǺˣСDȥ˶Ǻ㣬˵Ҫӵȥ
ԺԼʳ⣬ŹǽŻţû뵽ԼĻֻ䵽³
ڶ֮иĿ־壬ѾˣiҲˣDø³ʱֻ䵽ϣ
Ŀ־ʶԴУȻԼϤҲͬһϵơ
üͷȻͬ˵УǸʿ˵ʲôˣʵһȫЩʿƭ˵˵Ҷǰͻᴩ
ҶҲѻ˵ȲӦҲܾī赽˻ûϸ˼ţʱƵʱ䣬ѵʵ֪ī䣬ֻīڲˣ
ҲôҪڳﵽҲȱīһʵҲָֻ滻˾һ˾ļܿҶվܾӵ棬͹ǳһˡ
ⲻǲеģŭѣʵδԼ֡ηηţʲô£ûܹƷҪó̸ܺеʱɣ
קѵ죬磬ˣ磬˶ˣ㲻𣿣㲻ȥ䣡
Ȼرק죬ŤӣȻ̱αϣ֪֪Ȼġ
һӲ͵գôĸ


163
˪ѩ꣬һʱ
ҶǾζĻ󣬶㷲˼е⣬Ȼص˻ʹеס
ī޵ڿտյֻһſǳ¡
չ⽫ڵɫĹУ̳¶µīβҷǳĽơ鼮ɢ䣬ǳī㣬а˯ţ԰׼ڷ֬ˮ΢졣
Ҷ棬ջȥѰ˼Լϡ
˼һжڳ庮չУ·ʱڴ˿ͣ͡
ǻص˵Ƕ¾õʱ⡪롣
Ҷֻߣʱ侲šֱԷתѣᵽ̴߰ľĳζ
£ʶʣ֪ΪΣ֪ԷԼԣаࡣ
Ҷۺ޷ôſ˯ˣ
һ˵īǾЩʶ££ϵ̴ۣľؽ£֪˯ˡ
£ҶЦһǿһˡ
е¡īǸĵĮ̬ȻҪҪġ
֮еĻشҶֻһЦЩ˵ӬѣػضôЩ£ˡûаô
īɫԵΪΣ£峿ȥ糯ڻҲǼʱʱ䣬˵˼ǷЩˡ
˼ޣֿʱĳ̣ûֱӵϵҶΪȻȻһղ֮˵
һỺ̾Ǻ˼ģ۷ʱĳ̣
еı䲻Ũңȴһ־òɢǳź
ҶѵʾīһʱĬ֪ԼϰеıĻ̫ȣܻἸҪˡ
Ҷûм⣬ǻһۿտĵڣôĺ䣿
񳿱ˣϾٵȥȵѩɽ·ˡ
ī˵ţ΢üͷɫȥ̫졣
ƣߣѾˡҶЦһ٩
ĺҵˣ¡ɽ·ԶǺѵġīν͡
ҾͲôϸO@ҶƺߣĶͷ
ǲδӶһƬëỺĶ䣬Ű̴ľŵζ
īָĴϣҲ𣬵£
ָ봽Ӵ΢΢⣬Ҷ漴סָģͬһ񡣡Ļ
īֻǷҶ粵Ͼ˵ͨҲûҪȷ
£ҪѧʶȤĺá
Ҷؿظס𣿡
ţȻ˵īһʱû˼˭ĸϣ
ҶЦõؽͣȻǻī
ī貢δ̻شü΢׷ʣΪκȻҸס
ʱ䣬ԼҲпʱ䲻ظˡ
֪ҶЩʱպ޲ó˫۾ϣԼߣͻȻԸظʵԵЩΡ
޳ָĵزŪīοյ񻨵İʵظĳ𪼡°ǻ
ѴǰҲ˾ǷΪʺλҲԷλסʹȵٹЩʱգȻҪѡʵ󹬵ġպʹеŮԽԽ࣬αڹͬ࿴᣿Ҳպʲô
ϧ˵ȻŪǿģԣīֻ΢ƫͷ£˵ʵӦ
Ҫ֪ҶסڹڣɳʹһҲҶ˵ҶȻʼ˼ĸˡסڻʹڣһʱ֪Ϣյһ洦ʵڲ׷
Ūָһ٣Ҷīϸۺã˳ס֣Ҳס㡣Щڰдְھ˼ɡ˩̫δһ£ɿȥɣȥܻǳ˵ġ
Щʲôˣ
ӦеĻҪ࣬ҲȫȷҶһһϸīָָ˳ǼռǣǸ޿޵һ˫֡һ˶ˣȫɱҲġ
ңīҲԵЩ죬û뵽˵ңϡ档
ѾûҲδϵī豾Ϊ˶ΪѾˡ
Ҫ̫͹ԼӰֻỺģ˾Ԥף˺ָʾҪĽԼҰġҶüͷ룬һ˵ʹ˾ճλҲһ㹻ķ⡣
īڻס֣ôһأ
Ѽ˽˾λõģҶΪõءһԼǺ߶Щ
֮еĻشīԵƽ࣬ǴžǱߵ˴ɡ
ĳҲ٣ԪڼԶ뾩Ӧʱ첻ôô챻ҶףųҲ׽µ˴𰸡
ʱҪˣʱԶʹǷɾ裬ܻ¶ţ˳Ͼͺá
ʱڣīѾǱģҶԼƵ¶ůģңܻظסӦҲǼ˸˵¡ظסҪࡣ
ȻīϾѾסʮ࣬*ī󣬸ڵĲװ꣬ǰ뷨ϲģһҪ˵ĻҲļҡ
ܻؼңȻҲǺõġ
ΪʲôסȻһ㣬ʵ
ԵһλʱҾͽϵǲɢòˣտյģûʲô˵ʵֻмɨԺİܵˡ
״飬ÿÿصʱܻīٳΪʣܾɫʮꡣ
ٽ꣬ǻЩĵطɡ
Ҷ˵īҲ֪еǱ̨Ҫīͬס
£Ҫ㱻˷סжī鷳ε
ҿСһ㡣ԶԷûĻϡ
īɫ粻ر任Щϴ˿Ժ಻ʱ˵룬඼Щֱ̯Щʲôҹ뷭ǽĻйء
ЩΪ룬ƺǧֻƱһ̾¡
ţôˣøôҶõա
īֻҡͷԼձģûСǸ˵ģȻҲΪˡ
˫۾δʧֻӦܿ۵׸ǳ
ʱҶûн仰ϣΪԼĻǿҲãôҲգīʱƽ˳ӵ̬ȡ
仰ķθ֮ԡʱ˿̷ģ˪ѩʱ
л˵
ĩ˱ȽæܺõѴЩ鷽⡣
ипܶ࣬оԼҲҪһ
Ȼ±˭ٳȻЧģһھصʱΪеĶ߷


164
ƫҪǿأ
˵īҪظϣ˿Լϲãջظīþ
ҶҪ빬ظȥסֱϲɫæʹһѶͲ̾ߡ
Ůмη壬ȻϣԶжԶ
ҶǵС˼ƣӹһЩռ䣬ǲ״¡
ĩ꣬ҲЩ˷ʱ䡣
Ѿ˾סīţ޼ĲľʸͥԺ
ߴߴǰ·ãС㣬ķǰҾˣԺ÷տˣҼһ֧㷿Ļƿ
ѥ̤ʯשѩ죬īŴЩ΢ʶԭĵһѩȻ¡
С㣬ҪЩȥϢô齶Ѿʰˡһѯţ⿴ī벽ԶҶڸϻҪһˡסĶأҪȥһô
ԣҶûпڣֻǿīȴĻش
ȥһԺڵķ䡣Ե޾ߣҴһݾͺá
죬ī߷˶֪꣬ʲô˵ʲôʣī˷Ըͺá
ҶǺīʶȤṴסСָԷûлӦҲƿ
īԴ˿úܵҶҪܾҲãǶһ²һµˣʶȤһЩ
Ժٻôʰ袡
źҡҡͷٻʱڿģڸϺ󣬱㶼лˡ
޷֮УûάֵڶȻлתҶȥΣ
Ȼ޾ܾɡ
īסԺУԺԭ÷ʢ֪ٻѾ㣬ֻ¿ݻƵĻҶƮڵ污ĻѩС
ϲ٣
˵ī÷֮زȻĻǶϰ÷ѩ꼡˶ٵӰȷʵԶ׼ģƫʢ죬·ԶĻ
ʢ٣ö֮ҲΪϵһīȱ£ָеɫָԾ˿ήĻҶС
ܿ죬ЩݻƵĻҶعǳϣչ֦Ҷ٣Ļһشس֦ͷ
·һһ㣬ٿٷʢ׺֦ͷлȻƮġ
ңڵһ㡣֣ٻС
Ҷ֪ڰʾʲôīټѡī٣أ
Ҳ֪
ʵشһңɼֿ׷Ĺ鴦̫ź밮޶ͣī١
ʣ޷ѡ
˱ϣǵס
Ů˵ɤƽִŲΥ֪Ǳѡϲѡ񡣡
īеٻĴ߶ԽԽʢһʢĻ
˫ִʶ޿޵ס٣ݵǰ
͸㣬¡ЦЦؽҶģѵãøѵá
Ҷӹõشţ֪ʲôζһЦī裬˫ĿǲɴԶϲŭ
ƫҪǿ󻨺Բأ
㿴īҲеơ
л䣬Բȱܹǿ󡣡
ٻͿ˶죿˷ʣ֮˹
ڻȵǰ޿ɱܵسųͷʵǣ걻ҧǻеĿӶᣬܺˮһץסҶ°ڡ
ҶеĻҶסī֣ٻڶ˵֮䣬ǵӶʱ䳤ī಻ţȴֱοסɿ
һٻļ䱻ĿȫǣһɢҶ

ĺصЩʱգ˸ϱҪ⣬һϾʱ䣬ڸڷĲ伮
һΪѰҽīäܵİ취ΪѰҸɫʷǷ˵˿
ϧЩʱɫʷϷ˸飬Ѱҵĺۼ
ϡ棬֮ĴȴûʷκμأֻĨȥԼĺۼ
һʱۿûͷĺҲֻѡȥոɽвմʬȥѰ
һǧ鲻Ը˵ЩǲԸ߶棬ֱЩһֹϢһľżҲù졣
Ͼǰ岻࣬ôֹ֮С
һʱ䲢Ҳֻܴɽɽַ׷ɣڸǺǼ±ҡ
߶ش򿪺شţǺɫҹҫ͸ֱ䣬·ʱҲڴ˶ᡣ
̾˿ƹɫӵԵˡ
ҵʢմƽռ֮챦УѰС
ͷ۵Ļµļ¼
ŶѲŰ֮飬մ۹֮ţϰֵҲδܲܿ⡣
ĺڱоմЩдµļ¼Ϊרע˼һʱ侹ȻʱĻ
Щ׶µıʼУĺڷҵȤһ
ʮ£ϮƹأӪҶ١ʦ׷ɱС
ڸϵʱ۴Ѱ˲֮ˡҴ˲ͨգֺȴ׷ֻҶȥ
ԱһЩҵĲݸ壬д˺ܶĲ²롣
ͨɲκһ֧Ǻηʥ
ܣ̿ͣ
ɼеմҲûͷ
½ĿͶвݸ塣
˾ͨŶݼ֮󷨣ϣϢȤ
ۼմԱ߻µ󷨲ݸ壬ĺʱޱϤʹصǴƺͬһ
մм¼ˣ
Ʋ⼫пܣʱҲǺϣƺڰ׷ɱҶ١
ĺԲ²лع񣬲ŷԼָѾҳѡ
ŽⱾ뻳У׼ȥϸо
ңջҲáͨϢܹ֪һ
׼뿪ʱ۽ȴȻƳӵӵԵˡ
ҹĹ䣬ƺһâת˲š
Һӣæ˴ǰѰҹâԴ
ĹҵƺмǳĹâ
Ϊ泯ϣ˸ĹâƺԴĺֻܹҪҵ󷭶
֡ڱг˯˰֮ã岢ûеı뽩Ӳ
ֻ΢бƵֱˡ
ĺĺѹסָĲ
Ѿû˿̰еظܵΪ־塱
ռֻ֪մ麱ҵ壬˺һһо֮վʧˣҲ֪ҵʬʲô
ָţỺؽҵת
ļɫģ壬ȡ֮Ǽƺۼǳڼ֮С
˸΢âһ㣬·ź
л˵
ī裺ʶȤ.jpg


165
֧ľܽش㿴
ĺ̼ҵϸ̽Ϣó˽ۡңûļ

ĺҲһƬ˵ǸϲǸǡȷҲϢʼϸŲ쳣
󴦵˿ϸڼ£ż
ȻҲϢ⼸˿ƺһ̽һҲƺʲôΣյĶ
෴˿ϢǳϤԳƵº͡
кȻһ룬һմ麵崦մ麵
ȻԤϣմ麵Ҳͬ˿ֻɫ࣬ȥϵ˿
龰ӡ֤Ĳ롪ǹƣһĸƣֱڶϡ
ν置һ֧Ϊ˶ϳɽ֮Уԭ֪֮٣ڸɫٵĴУһص
ӡԴ룬ԶȷеĹΪ˺˶置ɽ̵˵ֻһѰ漼빤ߡ
ʱ˿̶ڵһĸƣȻĿǰ²ⲻֻƵ;ûΣյĺۼ
жϲ˭ӹ˭ĸƣֻڵĹƻ
ȷǽջҵв֪ǼףĺҲóȻƳҡֻȽѰĺıʼպãȥо

԰īס֮ī״̬Ǳ࣬żܿЦݣմ¶ˮδĻ
ǷֻܵɵĿô
Ҷ룬īЩʱտȥ״̬Ҳʱƴ˿̵
հ䣬ҶʱɫѻȴһҵУȻƳһյֽ𰡣
ֽϸϽƷϵĻƾֻǿȥɻҳƺʹãɫʶѾ
Ҷ֣ī迴ȥǻֶȤˡ
߽յֽ𰣬˳ʰ袣ֽʲôͷҲСĶô
̧ͷڿյֽʱæ߹ѽֽҲ֣СȥʱȻûģ˵ҪӵҲûӵҰûù
мĸ˶ˣҲ֪С㻹ҪҪȥ
ˡҶȻڣָ⶯Ỻظֽέ˴԰õǣСȻ£Ǳ°ɡ
ڿյֽέ޲ʱҶԺЩģļҲȥ괺ʱī޲һյֽ𰣬ʱյֽһֵɽī̬Ҳ˼ǰǽɽ˻ȥ¶ˡ
û뵽ī軹ǽյֱֽԼīΪԼġ
袲ԣҶ˷ԸҲȻӦ
Żصʱī̧ͷ¡
īߵλá
Щ΢īȻóʲôô
δվûǰֻ
÷ԱθӵʱܸܵµĹ
īȻóǵϸ΢ʧ䣬ֻҶš
ֻȥŵҪͬȥ׽ˮ̻𡣡пīͷꡣ
īŵѾһһ֣ƺδΪԷЩʲô
ī΢ƫͷϢƽȵϢΪźԼԵȥ׽ˮȥ̻𣬲⣬Ϊ𡣡
Ԥ֮еĻشīİȻֻøЩһ˵Ҫһ֧ľܽ㿴
е彩ӲЩī¶һ㼸ȻźɫǳĻȡ
ܼǵŵҾѾܸˡܲĿʹȻ˵ƮɢڱĿУֻ֮ȥı֮ɢˮ㱡һڽڿС
Ҫ˵ָĴֹסҶһһ³ŵؼһգһὫƯ֧ľܽش㿴
еĹǵҹĻеǳ


Ͻɽ֮䣬й澰ɽӣľ죬γһǵ置ԭ
һ֧ɽ룬ɽվת˻أһȪ¹ϢڴˣȪлҶл˷ΪʥȪʥȪˮ֪࣬䳤˼ˣʴ˵Ϊ롣
иԻʥ˺飬֪ɽϡ
ɽ̵Ľ̳£Ը㣬
չã͸Ҷ¡
ǰЩʱ࣬ڲٲ鶼˳ò׷磬ץὫԼеĲԺһһ̳̯ɹ
£ַŽű߳ʪҳϵĶ졣
Ƴϵݣв鼮ԭ置̵̶רΪԼصģڶһԼ˵
ɽˣϧһ֪羿Ǻģ
һߺ˼룬һ߶еذ̯˼Ʈûע⵽һӵĽŲԼԽԽֱҡ켸쵽˶ߣŷӦ쳣֣ץס˴ҴҸŮĺ졣
챻˾סһżææɫͣ½ŲûгԺڡ
𰿴ԼԺ鼮ѣ˿оԼǣŵǸɫСӡ
ģôˣôææģ
ŮŶ̶̵֫ѳŵųϣͱǼˣˣˣ
ʲô¡ԺһյĴ£ҲȻǼԭĹԱˣ
İͷ˲˹ģǼȥӾͲ̫ԭˣڹ㳡Ǳߺ͵ӳˣ黹ûôģƫƫҶ·ˣǺ񳳵ԽԽҶϾֱӶ֣Ƕˣֻü㡱
һ˵ֻо̫ѨֱҲǲǧȺǲϲ߱ǣҪ֣ʲôô
޹ؿ𰣬ҶϺϲҲһˣλͬΪƽƽʲôʱųϵĻ
ֻһֳסͷںδ
ĵָָϱߣڹ㳡ǱߣһҾˣǸûãʬ嶼Ⱥء
䣬һ޹棬Ӱʧ߾ͷ
һ·ԭûȣֻ̧뿪ķ׷ȥ
ųŽȵѽ
л˵
ĩʵ̫æˣܶʱǺȻʱ¡
ʲôҶǿplayûֶҲ
˲ָ֧ǿΪУһԸһԸ
ҶֻҪī費ߣͺȶʲôὫīˡ
Ҳˣ˵һŮ
صǿǸ΢ݴʣκζҲȫûйϵҴдʲô֮ĵϵ⣬ҿǺܵ۵Ķ
һԤʽдɡ


166Ҹ
ɰһ
𼱻ǵظϵ㳡ʱѾΧһʥ̵ӣвѰҲյһΧۡ
һáֻҧӲͷƤߡ
Ⱥеϳݣóһųϡ
ǿȺУڿȺĵ̱ʬ塣ԭ˴ʬ˵ضѵڵשϣɫϣȻо綾
ӴС£Ҳֵþųϣʬվŵ˻бһ֧߹ƵɭɭǵѣȤضɫȻЦ۵ʼմһĨɢ֮С
СôҶԶԷЦݣǿסеŭʵʹǶɱˣøǽǵ鷳
ΣҶΪ⣬ô꣬ҲˣԼԹ˲Ͼ
üԼˣ֪֪ԭѾµ۵ǻˡ
̶ͬӽ̸֪ڸ˻С
ҶĿȴһ˲ͱˣǲµ۵ǻΣԭ˶һһҪǮǹڵ䱦
ЩҪ󣬶ǿ̸ģǳ޽ɽ·ͬʱǽ׹ڵҩģǺġ
˵ţ۽ȴƳζɫ֪൱һ˲ͬ뷨
ȻҶؿڣ𰣬㲻ٽѡԼϽʼϺԭ˹ע˰ɣ
ſڿӣ¶ŭɫУƮڼѹУֶξôֻڵһӴĻᣡ
ҶסĹƣĵסô˵ҪѡҪҵԸ
ۼΧĵӿżԭ˵ʬ˽ӿطţ𰵱Ȼ֪ʲô⡣
⼸ԭĹԱζҪ˼ìܵȻԼڽѡǰ൱һӵЩԭĹϵһֱ㲻Ϻã˵ǳҲΪ
׾ӵֶìܣ˶ġջѣƳһۡ
Ҷ빴ǣɫ˵ǲʵϾԭ˴򽻵Ĵۣ汲ġ
⻰Ԥ֮еĴʹĴɫ԰Щָʶսеѡ
ˣ𰣬㻹Ƕ˼ڽϰɣϾڽҲһ˵ˡĿѾɣҶҲڴ˴යת뿪ˣʱһĵ׷߸ĽŲ뿪
ʣµĶЩֵ·ˣҶ뿪Ҳɢ
ټĹ㳡϶ʱֻʣ¼𰽻õŮĿⵣǵؿųϣ˵Ļȥ
ȥЦһҳͷơ
ҶìܣҲһһϦĳͻֻӽѡͬ˳ɳ̲޷ڶѡ
Ķڼ곤Ůӵ͵͵ʬ壬ͻЩ״ҵʬ壬׵ģǣŽ㣬ᣬһҪͷˣ
𰿴żĿʬ壬վǶ֮ģתͷԼӷԸԭ˽ҶǴһʬ壬ͻȥɡ
ڴЩĸ㲣׼صסɹ鼮һ¡
صԼԺʱȴоԺںȻһİϢϢ񣬷˽Ųȥղľ
̳µ鼮УԼƯһŮ˵Ӱ񻣬νӽ͸չ¿С
Ŭɴۣ۾ҪøһЩ
ǰһĻȻ֪⾿ǹ
˿̣ŮƺͷŵϵᣬȴȻڣɫǣҡ
Ȿ鵹Щ˼Ұ鷭ҳ
סһܣֲûˡں˭˵ԼôѾϢŮôģ
ضˣͬ˵
תٿȻз紵ҳ죬չڴ˿׹Ʋ㣬Ƶϼ͸μҪĺɫУΨ۽ɰһѪһ֧

¡ʱڵīѽյѩڵ˿̿طţӪһƬůظѩ
ǰŮɫĳ£޵ɫڼĺҲĳѩ׵ķɫ
Ҷϵ飬˼Σֽҳ졣
һԵīȥڵʲôˣ
ôôҶʡ
ٶ෭ΣӦҪ㷭ˡ
ѾֽţҶνŻϣȷмЩͷۡ
ϽҲ֪ѶϽγʵʵͳΣйٸȻŷɽ̣ɽ置൱ĺ΢´۲īɫҵ֮˶Թٸǳӡ
ǰЩʱգΪɽǱ߻͹ϵٸȥͽҪɽ̻̣ͨ޽ɽ·ȻҲҪȡһĸ˰˭֪ǵȥں󣬲֪ǰЩʱϽѾˣڽ϶æһνѡΣһʱҲҲܻµˡ
ӴǵһλĳȻûб̬̬ȵǱȽơɲ֪⼸Աڽڵ׺˭ЩͻȻĳ϶ɱˡ
īɫȻƽôô鷳Զɱ͢ԱǲռøʵĽڣ
Ҷ¶ΣǵҲýڲ϶ʩѹɡƫƫǸĳϣ˽ʬú˻Ǹ˵ǽڵĶҡ̬ôãҲһʱô·ˡ
īƬ̣Ϊβųߵ㣬ֱӷֲһԳ̬͢ȸѺõν

̫ˡīЦЦһֳǣ˳ˮۣһ飬պҲ
ʵ¸ͷʹģݡҶֽ϶̶̼Ϣ*ȻţôҲһĺɡ
²˵ӦĺīԺлŵļ䣬ý˽֮λ
ô˵ʵҲĸͬ壬ԼЩѪԵϵ
ī΢˻ˣɽ˾ͲԸԭˡʱ꣬Ҳ置ϵ
ʵԼҲƬϷɽּһ֪
ҲϾĸ塣
Ἣ޷ϣģ̬ȣ
л˵
֮ǰ¶˽ɫĶѾˣ֮ǰдʶģ˵£
µͼϿ


167ѩ
𽲻ȥ
Ҷ˵ĺ壬Ȼס
͢Ҫض置ĿȨôƱػɽͻ
һϾҲĸ壬ҶȻ̬ȵġ
ɽ̲޶ϵҲڴô̬ڻ֪ԭ̬͢ȣԭȽѺõĳϣҲȱԭӵˣ»ҪӴۡ
£ѵһֱվߵôûֱ׵ػش𣬶˷ʡ
Ҷϸ˵īȷվһߣǰʱ˿̲ɵķʡ
֪ʵĵʲô
бָϣϸ壬£ɽǱߵ״ҪһЩʱȥ˽һɣ
÷΢˿˿ڱǼ⣬÷ǰü۾֮䣬һͷľܹǡ
ҶվͷȥߢǶ÷¯ʢů̵ü΢⡣ָⴥԼ󾱣Щӵơ
֧÷ˮ䡣
ھĻ㱼䣬ҶȻʶղ⣬Ѿɢ˴֮䡣ôԼѾˡ

ʱƽˮһչȥתۼ͵˳Ϧʱڡ
Ҷѵú磬߳ʱҹѩͣذ˪ȣһжѩɫ֮䡣
һѾͥԺǰؾ徫İ£꼻չ·ɫī٣ʤѩڰ׶ɫǻīʫһʡ
ԼĽŲʱīѾ̧ͷﺬǳЦ⣬£տаţ
ǳϦˣȻûаŵġ
ʲôţЩ˸ȻҲƾˡٽصʱͬЩ˷ʱ䣬ЩʱɶԳõĿƣΪ˷ڱɾ衣
ȥһðɣٽذǸôˣ⸱ģҲ㣬Ҫ˰æ롱ơ
ãīҲס£Ҷͷһ˵īڵطԥƬ̣īϵãȥ᲻߶ţ
ᣬûôأǵ²æĻұҲȥаͬһ·˵ǰ飬ҲӦڼġ
˵һҶѾߵǣ֣ȻˣǱ߰ɡ
ԺͥīĺɽȥѩڶɴɫȻӳеԳһįšŲҶϻѩ¡
ҡҷΪԵʣڵֻһɨ㾡۵סвʷķǧ󣬶ľϵȿ֡
Ҷ줚[ǰīȼ򣬹ؼݡ
ȥīѵ¶ɫůɫһƬӨ׹񣬳ǧζ
ֱɣҪɨãڿ˵̫ѣҶڰơ
ϸõʱҶΪʲôֻĸһ˵ģ
ͬǰƶǳɶ԰ڷţ°ڷŵֻйһλվ
īܣīĵ̧ͷɫĮλ类ˡ
ΪʲôҶվλɤЩɬ
īһЦ⣬ȴĮȻôˣ¼Ȼ˽ҵͲӦҵľɡλѾӵҲ֣īϵѪвˡ
ĸ׵
йأ߻ֱָ׵˵ҵĸ塣īƽ÷·̸ֻ꣬ƺⶼӵС
ҶĳĬ֪ҶĸЩ޷Ŀ¶˵Ȼ̫Խܡ
ʹҲܸܵҶӵɫ³////ر¶֮ǰʱǾΥظܵһѿѾϰ˶Դ˵ĸɫĿ⣬ȻƵģڸסеǼгţõ¼Цˡ
һ̾Ҷϸذī轫λúúŹԭλ𣿡
ҵɱĸˣȻкޣ˵ֻкˡī΢ͷƺ֮ѳԸɣԴ޿ǷҲκι
һ˫ؽ뻳У̴ľϢذңҲʵġȻˣҲˣѾˣҲûй
ϣˡīֻҲīܣҲˣձǸӵģܼ£Ҳ˵ġ
ôҶüЩ
Ȼ֮ԣ£һ˵¡ȷʵҲʵǶʱ̫ߣҲա
ҶҲ˵һ´ܶһЩҲǺõġ
īȥʱĺ䶼ڸϣԵࡣ
ĺڻӣ޼ûʲô£뿪ȥ˷¥ǱѰĹ꣬ǾöīҶദԼ׳⡣
תת껹ԼߵģֻҶһˡ
Ҷڴ²Ϊ⣬ֻ徻ࡣīԼԶﶼûʲô룬飬ҲȴǰЩ̫ȵӺࡣ
ȵ׼뿪ʱ袲ѩҴ
С㣬Ǳˣ
ȡһװõŷݸī裬תݸҶ
Ҷ˺ŷȡֽĿҴɨֽϵݡ
ĺ˵ʲô
Թͷ꺮ѣҶüϸֽĩβݣĺ˵۾ҽεķѾЩͷȽϸӣ˵лĻȥ̸ȽϺá
īû뵽ĺصӺչƬ̺ǹЩʱգһһˡ
ȥɡҶȻڣīɻɫָϸصȵ΢Щ봺ѩӡ
񷱶࣬ʱ䣿
ʲôȻ¸ҪһЩҶֽۺã֣Щѹȥڡⲻ뿪£Ҳܷʲô
īɫȻͬҶľжкܶ࣬㲻ھǣ˭֪ǻᶯֽţ
ԣҶֻĵЦЦǲôҪһֱţλ᷸£
ջ˵ԼĿ置ӵ·ҲԶʱԣĻҲ˳ȥһˣɽǱʲô
һ·ȥҲᰲһЩĺ˵Ҫ̸Ҳûô򵥡
ǾͰµ뷨ɣȹЩ봺ů׼ӡ
īף顣
ϰߵأҶǣסϷ̵·;
ʶԼʶϰʱкȻһ˿ǡѾϰߣֻ֪һһֱߣǣ֡
ǰ·ޡ
л˵
õˣĩһֱȽæ
ȻæĽݽ飬Ϊ˼һҵľ飬д̫ˣȨǴ㵥һ顣
ѾרԤɽ󡷣ȤĿղһ£
о䲻ʲôȶȵĻߺܶĶͬѧҵĹ˼˵оⱾ˼ҲĽݽĹ»Ҳȷʵǲȹ͡
ȻȥҳԼ̫̫Լ棨ⱾŮһķ涼ޣ
̫̫дһ𣿿ֲ˹
ңûаһûдعС˵Ů·ϷƤһŮôûкÿ·أ
̫̫Ҳǣ˵öԡ


168
ڼǬ㾡ҲվֻǷˡ
ʱڹѩڣůһīڵ͵ʻ϶ȥ
ҶֻһĲȣҪȥ΢˽ã㶪˳ϵİȻȥһͷˮĳ
ѿҶȻˣ־ϲϲûиԼͷǲ֪Ҷ«ʲôҩ˳˭
Ҷ뿪ţѻʶȨվ䲻Լϡ
ˣ˵ĵӣ䵽ȥҲá
ҶǵһȥǰҲƬϵ֪٣֪ӰڶһƬңԶĳǳأŸɫ۸ϵ置ԭδĻ֮ء
᫣ɽ·ۣɽ¼俴ư彭ϿԶ׽ˮʣһжɢδɢı֮䡣ת˲ûɽȥ
ֱӳǽĩѩתůʱڣѾɼľʢӵŴƬʢٻ·ʢģԶ㡣
Ҷľ̾īǳһЦҲô
һ֪֣֪硯ԡֻأŵü˹澰⻹д˷ԴҶԼʵش
ʻڣЦ۴αȣͯ׷˵һж̫ƽʢİģ
մڶʢʱˣӻһգʵҶĻǲ̾
ֽסƮ仨꣬īɫ΢Ȼֻ̫ƣ뻤µ̫࣬ϧ²Բ಻ˡ
ȵ˷̸ϵոʱĺɫĳĺ俴˷糾͵ģȥϴϢʲôµȵڶ̸
ī׼ȥڵԡϴȥһ糾ʱǴ粽Լߡ
Ƭ̵ĵȴ󣬹ȻԷڣһȥϴô
иŮáƽش
ȻеĳĬīǳԾ֣ô͵ˡ
ŮЦڶϣת˲ԼѾУ߰ɡ

ˮԡУһжʲ塣ʪˮƺҲ˼ҶֻĿڷĿĵɨӣԴ߹εʱ䡣īĬԡڣһʱֻԼҵĺˮ
ĿվŲīϣһͷڷˮɢŨʤ壬ůƵĵƹͷӨ֬ݵǻ߾£ݴʢˮ飬˲ߢ覴õľɫ
£ǷˡҶԾشջĿ⣬ʱȴͻȻƳīС߽µĸһƬѩɫԳһ̺۵ֺۣɫл壬룬ʸ󸹣ۣȫȾˡ
˰̵ˣ۾ԾĴʹգգۣι̵ˮ
ڿʲôīĿڣӵˤȥַֻסԡرء
ôĶȻҲܵõīһüϲŭֻǶһ£ڿڿÿĶ
Ǹֻǿİ̡Ҷɬɤӻش
һʱ³ţīӳԡأˮĻʱס˰̡һ̶ѣ·ಫֻֽһ˰̣Ѿˡ
ֹһ̡ɬͷڣĿڡī費νΣпôԼǴ̺۶һϡǴΪƫƫ
īʹëˮʪһʼϵҵ㲻Ρ˵Ҵ֮ٲ̣Ҳҵ۾ǡ
վû˵仰ȼš
˺ܾúܾã͵͵һЦֻ̡˰ڼ߸ǬվҲֻǷˡϲչ鳾ˡ
ν֮һ֣ѿơ
£Ҫѹ˫֧ԼԡصıԵתҶ˫۲Ǳ֮ǰҴδ㰲ʱգˣѾ֪㡣
һֲֻ֣ŪˮƯĻ꣬ǰõĸ׺ĸлûʲô־ûʲôֻҪܸǴ̳мҵǵԸѾǧԲϧ߲ܸͣҲ͡
ҴδԹ޹ʲôǷ¡ʱգдۣ֮Ѿ׼ȥܵĴۡ
ī϶˵࣬ҶȴδȥֻǣֻˮвŪ֣īǸƯģǼռǣǸ޿ޣȴԶȥˡ
¶ģǸĴۣһīټ˺õķ羰˺õ껪ô
īֻܵԼֱ¼ι̵飬̼
ֻ֣Żˮ۵֣ĦŲȥҶ۽⡣
Ҫޣ¡

Ҷ뿪Ǻ󣬶ھˣûɽ𣬱㶼ζӰ㳲
ھжԾ࣬ÿնҪм̽ڹ
ԴϴҪѰ˶˾֮λպıٳûнչ
Ҷڼ˾λòɿڣȴֲī䣬²īڵ״ˣҲûİϢ
һʱ뽩֣òҶھǣѰƾ֮ؼʱ̣ǷǽྐྵȻֻΪҶھͿʼ֣ûаеǸûȵĶˣûһãȫֵֻŧҲûûʲôȥ֣
ҶǹУûЯƾеһͬƾǼλȻԼְλϣīϵİƺûе
ǷľȻУҶţѴѰͻƿڡ
̽ӵɫ滺Щ
ȻܳǷľȻҶŵİѿУ˴ǹУҲվһϢ
һ˼ţȴȻ̽Щ
˵ɫͳôһӵɤǲԼµ̽ӡ
üɫش㣬ͷ̧
ֻѰ۴̧̽ͷһ֥ķƤңʹҲ湫ӵľˡ
ʱɫ󺧣еĲյѵһڵأһشƬ̵Ĳˮʪȹڡ
⡪ô
Ҳû뵽ڴ˾طꡣ
ԷɫһζЦݡһ˲ȡ
£Ϣɻ⣿
л˵
ư彭Ͽ˵ɽ
ͻȻŷҶͦ޵ģī費ô޹Ϻ֪㡣
о˵һܻ֮簮õģȥԤдð[][][]
ãĹ屦
ҲǿңһҾ͸Ű
ԼרѾԱ۾tagˡŮǿ˫ǿǿҡ
ˣдͼ𣬿ǿŮ̸̸Ҷˡ
ǰде߳ܣھҰżȻˢаĶϲʲôһŵһͳһ棬Ҿһͦصġ


169
Ŀǧ˴ģϡ
ȥ˵Щʲôֻǲŵȷǰ˵ȷ⣬⣬ô
ñط꣬¾ȻֻôҶ뿪󣬾ǵķһЩǧ˷뾩лǻ˲ЦЦ֪¿ɷڳĳϴ
˵ȴԹԵһ°¡
Ŀ˵ģĿ
ԼʱäĿĽˣıֻڸҰĵƤңʽ΢ʱһ¶Լݺ˺ҧһ⡣
ʲôѹԼĵľ壬ʵ
Ͼ»ǵĳڣӦҲԼġ
ȻǸ´Ϣ빫½˵ġȻһЦ·Ǹӵģ
㶼Щʲôﲻô뱾ˣĪǰѱɵӺŪˣٶаΡ
УȻ̫ĴڣⲢǻ£˵Ķ̫ǲġƩī裬̫Ȼһֻ¡
£ҲȣݺȲԱ²ߡһҡͷһ̾ϢҵҲӦף˵ĵԼѣйͬĵˡ
ԴǣϵľȻûɶҶȻǹͬĵˣһΪ汳Լ
Ȼ裬óȰ˵£һҶȺףǹ£ĵĺʱ䣬ٴ˷˳ǹ⸴ɽ˴ĵһʱٹ˭Ҷ˵һ֣
ɤѹЩСպùƮУң£ǸʲôУӦѾˣ󣬰С֣ûа־򣬿ƫƫִˣƿء߻лףһһ񡣡
ó߻ΪջȷʵĶЩ
Ǹû־ǽĶˣԼ뷨ҶǿƵ˻סᰲֵַԼ
ڻǸͯΪϲԼ㣬ȷǸÿƵĶ
ڱ˵ЩȻ˵ˣҶʲô취
ϹһоͼˣǾѵĻᣬ¡֪ҶȻ˵Ҫȥ΢˽ãټҪȥδô
δ
ǰЩʱգ置嶾ڣи۾ĳɱ˳͢ȥĹԱ置նңֵһνѡٳδѡĿĵأȥϵ嶾̡
Ժϸ嶾أȴԼصĽ֪֮٣置һɶѣֵǰȥ
һ̵Ľ䶯˵ײǵҶѣȻǲֵþҶġǰʱνٸĹϵ͵ȵףôҲѡ˼£ٳѡνȻ棬˵ǽһϽжҲйء
˵ҲƷе쳣ʲôڸ嶾ң
ҹ紵𲻶
嶾λڵϱ߾ȥ뿪گ˭ػģȻó˵Ҳ뵽
گ᣿һֱӿ۽η֣ң⣡گЩһֱ֣ҪϷϽ
᣿ʲʣ¡ҡָԶ޴²ߣǰϢ͸¶گȻԾԾǶ֡置ƶҹǰ置Ȼǧ
ٰƵ嶾ϣڳֱ½ڣگҲֻܸɵ۰ˡ
ϸȨĽ飬˵ĵȷвСĿԡǾϣһж˵ɡ
ۼɽףչһЦҡҷ㱿ȥƺ顣
£ټɽҹ
ǵ³֮˵Щɡһײߣ촽ӲЦ
֪ʲôɽЩαĿףټɽ˴ֻһˡȵҶǶ˾ͻν
ڻǷʱ

ȵڶճʱĺѰˣɽȥ
ᵽһǳζī迪ʣҪȥɽմ麵Ĺ𣿡
ǡ
оĽմй𣿡
ô˵׼ȷĺҡͷ仨׻ǳǳ꣬׼ȷ˵Ҳûҵܹҽ˫۵ķһ˵ķ֡
ʲôīʡ
ĺȴǳǳ˸ӣ¿ܻȽϳ˵֪
ɽ·ۣĺǴɽī˵أԵƽҶڿڳˮײİʱ¶𾪡
ֱĺ䰴أ򿪱ҵĴţӳľڱµŮʱī軹Ҷһ漴ʶסī֣ǣ
մ麺ҵʬ壬մ麱壬Լ⴦ҡīĵΪ͡
ҶԵ˽ʱԼĽ˻ЩջջȥͷΪʲôҪõر˵壿
ΪҪҵԸ
Ҷ϶Ȼ壬ջ˳Ĭ
īѾתĺѯʵĺ䣬ķֺʲô
ĺһҺпû˵ӦѾˡ
Ҽž˵ĺ߿ţұ¶ÿ˵ġ
ҶȴϢлƺڳ˯壬һָڱҵıǼ⣬ûϢΪʲôóĽۣ
ĺ䵹ֱӺܶ࣬ʱƵңѾʬֱֲ֣ӷ˶˵Ҷǰעϵ˿
ϵ˿һµƣմϵĸƣӹơһƼ临ӵĹɽڵӶԣһֻһöֹʱֱγԼ
ָָߣϵӹиյļ󣬾˵ҵĻӦ
ţɰƶ˵ĻǸգƫƫȻûϢôںδīĺ۶ϣԼʡ
մʵڵ꣬ò֪ٻҵĻǣĻһֱڳ˯֮У˯Ļ޷ġԼҵĻǴһö֮УԼٻػǵ*ֳ˻ٻ󷨵ķɣ֮徣ǰҲûмһѵļ󡣡
֮£ֻܰҵĻͬһͬȥ置ҵУϣܼҵĻǡ
Ӧ˴£˺ҲûŹµϢһʼûаص棬մ麵ʧˣʱ꣬һǵ𻵡
ĺÿҵ壬ޱϲ·ڰ˯Ψ۽ǵɰһͫ
ּմ麵ĸ֮ȷǳɹˡ
л˵
Ҷ£ûϵı1ȻҲ԰޵ģ0Ŀޡ
ĿǰŮľ
ī裺̫Ůġ
ҶͦõŮġ
գ˺ǧꡣ
΢Ů
ĽҲá
Ҳá



170
ͷĴɫ
˵ҿܸˣ˼ǣȥѰ𣿡
ĺͷǣʱѰΪҽ۾ķǵմңѰⷨ
õĳĬīһֳǣɫƺ²
ҶԸⳢһѾѣָȥδѰأ
Ŀܻ置ϵĺ˻ڹĺ˵ԼĲ²⣬һֱ置̵̶ͨӣǿ̶һȥ置Ȼʱ˶ԭ̬ų⣬⻹ҪģӦҲ̫Ϊǡ
ҶĺҲпԣȥ׼ǰ置һ£īȴûͬһ뿪ֻ˵ͬĺм仰Ҫ˵
ҶֻһۣûжԣãȥԺе㡣
Ҷ뿪ټֻĺˣīֻо֡
ָűıԵʣһţƾʲôԸأ
˵ԣĺҲƬ̺ŵϾĺˡ
ī費ΪȻѾˣĺ䣬֮ѪԵϡ΢΢˵İҲΪ㿴аƵĵطôմǸҲ֮Լ֪ԼѪɡ
ĺ̾Ϣһֲټı棬ǱϾûмһأΣȼ˵ɡ
ī跴סָɱϾҶ֪ҶմҲ御ǰմ˵ǣǷԸٲ
ĺܸܵī΢΢šǹȥ˵£޹أ㲻Ϊ˶ġ
մ麵ѣҵѡ񣬴ڶˣĺ
ҪܵĻˣ

ĺȰ˵£īҶջʰװڼպͬռҵ̶һͬǰϽ
ϵ̶һֱɽ˵ǵմ麵⡣īҲ̶ӵĿеӯ࣬置Ҫķ൱ľʣ˵۹һʻ
ͼֻֻΣմ麵Ǻ뷨֪
ɽˮһ·Уϡ
̶ӵͷ̷Ѿ·ʮ࣬置·Ϥ
ãϣɽ֮䣬ĵʤգл㱲˼䡣
ǽƳ̶͵ʻ֪γвͬա
ע·ϵһޣԱ߼ͷӶĻ
һС̷㣬Ѫ
̷ߣȻ˲ݴеѪѪӦ˵;˵ءƽҲ;öһ²һ£Сǰ置ųпܵķա
öͣҸѪȥʱźŽӦ
Сĵ׷ŲݴеѪѰң˸һˮ̶ߣӳľ䣬ԼܿиСıӰڳرϴʲô
ǸССӰȴҲþˣͬʱǵĵתгѣʲôˣ
ڿ˺ŵز˲۾̷㣡̷ߣϸȷ˾Ǳˣס°ڣ̷ˣ㡣
̷置ʮ꣬ͬɽڶ˶ܻ죬밲ԭĸȤСޱȣÿԼܴЩûڡ
̷ϸؼ˿ڣģʲôˣһ·׷Ѫģûˣ
û¡ת˸Ȧ֤Լһаã¶ɫľˣڰϴ˿ڡ
Ŀеľ̷Ҳ֪ɽʵĳϵӣľܿ˵˭˳ģ
ľʦ̫֮ãŰϴ˿ھʹؽҴ򡣶ЩگʿǺüײˣץʽΣҪôȥʥȪҪľʦõĹơǲǣǾҪץߡʦȻǶɱˣԼҲˡ
һ˵ţһ߻ص̶ߣǿɫ԰׵ŮӡҴҰ˿ڣѪȾ˲ϣΪʧѪ࣬Ѿ˻֮С
̷㣬㷽Һʦһ·ȥǵ̶ҲҪȥаɡҷʦôԶ·̷
ڰĵ֪̷һֱǸº͵ԭˣܾԼ
̷ȴȨ˼Ƭ̲ŵʱҪʼ˼
ĲԣЩ̶Ӳһֱ𣿡
ְֻ֮еĻ˲̶ʱ̶±ϣҼСҲһ·˳ͬУȻҪʾСġǸĵͷҼС˿ͣӦǲܾġ

ڿɽڵλУԭ̬ѺõӦþλĳˡ⼸յ·;УҶѾɽڽ˽һҲãѪҲ֪һˡѯʣӦԸش𡣡
īȴδҶһֹۣҪСģԭѺã֪ҵʵݺ󻹻Ѻá
пڱڣ˼ģɽһνѾСʱ䣬⼸Ȼûѡν½ڲ̫ƽ
ڵĶڽ̸ȻߵС㣬̽ˡ
̷ī״Σ
ȴİ̷蹧̬ԺвϵС㾿Ǻģ
̷˵ԼʱǰλĶ飬СλΨһѪЧԼС㣬Ϊ˻ر顣
ռҵСʲôģδ̷
ֻмС㣬ǵ治һЩֿշ֮ʡ
˿ٿȻ綯ǵ¶ָȴеȹǻҪƯ֡
Ʈ仨ӳĳһˮīݣͦ껡繣ЩпĻԴǶڴ˿̾񡣱޿޵٣ȴƫƫȴһɴüĿ˽סҪժɴ
Ƿ綯仨ͷĴɫ
ĺܿʶһ㣬ļӿɬźƯˣΪʲôƫƫȴأ
Ȼ̷Ŀȴʵʰ׼ȷؿԼ
Ŀīͷ𸡿ѩɤͬѩɽڻѩˮʳϪ
ȻǿԵġ
Сʦ˵أ·;˿ֿˣλһͬϳɡ
л˵
ˬдԤաĿơ
ĺϲһЩȫŮ鸴ӵĶǹϵ


171
üҲô
Ĵڻ˯ʦ
ϿӣȴҪݻ࣬ڵͭ¯̿𣬿Ƥëů
˶μ䣬ŷڳī֮⻹һˡ
Ů˫ֻؿڳߣҡҷ¯Ϊ޵ü۸˼˵ķ飬ֻһۣҪһеɫӳĵȻʧɫ
گʿôڴ˴΢밲ƽӣ̴ľζǼ⡣
𣿡Ѽֲ֣Ѿگı߾ؾҲûƧЩ·ܻˡҳʱкܶگʿûˣúøǮܷġ
ôŮ˵ıһ˲һ˼ǶЩʲô
ʲôɣҲģҲٵģе̽ϢġָһһţȻĻǣǻЩگĹˣץȥԶ˶ֲ˽⣬ǺگЩһ·ˣĻǡ
Ĺ˵ʵɽҲ嶾̣оͶĳɷڡīһ䡣
ԣΪϲصͷ㻹˽ܶԭ˶ϰߺ嶾ˡ
ΪͣȻҪ˽һףҲǻءǣǳعһ¡
ռҵСҪȰеò࣬ΨһȽͷ۵˵̫ˣûôãͷʹ
ռҵС㣬̷ǰ㡣ϸ
գϰī̶ɽڣϣСշ΢ͷѵ¶òЦݡ
īŵ˵ðͷۣæ֣ң˳ľʦ㣬ҵȻл㣬ֻǸСӣʲôҪȥϡ
ȹ漴ſ棬¶īһƣǾͰСʱˡ
ŶãȻؽڱҲҪҳ¡˻شڿīЦʱ־úﲻԣƺǱ·ˡ
˻ͷŬȥ룬ֿīߵҶռҵС㣬˭أ
ǡҶ߸ݺŪСһԵīֱӿڽӹ˻
ҵԶ㡣
ĵĿЩɵڶ֮ƣ֮ûκ֮ôѪԵϵˡ
ǿŲá
Զסīü۲ػش
ƺ֮
ﲻԡ
ĿҶǣסīֱ֣Էɫط֮һ˵ΧôãͽǼһʦ

йһʱ·;ڵɽ̽ڡ
ݸһͣ£ľͼæ˵ʦ³ȥѰҴ򣬿Ŷȥ˺ǾȻ̧󻷱סڶϣţô֪㻹иԶ梵ģ
һڶѣҲ˵ҲȥŪСġīƽش
Ů˵Цڶϣת˲췭ظѾʵص䣬ǰ̴ľǡ
ỺȴֲݾֵܾĽ̸ͷ紵ľԼּٵ
ޱߵĺڰУҶϢ˳û䡣
īձӳǣķΧСĿռ¡
ѵóУûע⵽ĽŲֱⱻߵ졣
С㡣
̷īھѣѵЩǱطֿǣһڣʲô𣿡
ڵ¶ȣѹֵĴϢ
ûʲôֻһ£Ҫȥ̶ӣ׼Ӫˡ
̷ֻǰֵδƿī豻ڳڵһ磬ƫƫҶߣָĵزŪԼڣָ޵ػĲϸܵ⡣
վЩε׽סҶ֣֪ˣȥɡ
ī䵭ɤһ̷貢δ룬õ׿֮׼뿪
ǰīѣ置̫ƽ̶ӶСЩ
á
̷뿪ĽŲī˿κǲģԼ׷ʣüҲ𣬰
εۣ£Ҳÿ³ϵģǱϾ置ñƼͲˡ
Ҷ˵ɫЩתһ룬ī貢δǱֻǿעⳡϡ
īҶĳĬǲԼѻ˵ʱܵԼ˿ᴥϸµۺǰǶҵ޷
Ỻ̾Ϣڶߡ
ϣгһգԹ㡣

պʱһձ䳤չãݳݺɡã͸ҶԺǽͶ°߲Ӱ
Ųһ£ߺɹ̫
ڿߵ鰸Ͽ飬Ů˵ڶϡ
ǰǰʱҪСıƼͲˡεغ飬ѶԷ
Ůֵ͸ӰѾ˴ϣŲС˵ˣزҲǸȵһܻҪ˵ġ
ЩʱյദҲλڵƢǰ㲻ȰԼֲˡ֮£ֻȥڵˮ˵˴ɹչλá
µˮƯһʵİչҫ»˷ǳ̣ɫӨ񣬴ƣƼսʱ־ϰϰ
ʹˣҲƳ𰽫˵̨ʱ̲סǱƼһʲô鷳ƫƫڴ̨ϵŮȫȻǵģеɹ̫ԵڽӴչŮԭ͸ҲƺЩ۽ǵɰɫ
λɹ̫ɹȴֻһսսؿţ·һĻ
Ůɹ̫Ŀ񣬺Ȼѡ£ûи𣿡
ɫЩܣһν֮λҪ֮ˡ
ôŮɨƽڽԵҲΪҲѡʤӦ¡
Щ翵Ķαȵʵʵڿüĺôأ仰ı¶εĿЦѡگҲ˽ڲ˶ʵʵڵĺô
ĳ͢ǸܲסϽһЩҲǷֲֻ壬ȴԼǻѪӿľһ±뾡ճ̣ʵǿȺ˶Ƿǲ֡
Ů˵Ļû˵꣬Ժ˴ҴҵĽŲ
Ž㣬ˡİľܿúú󣬾͵һʱ𰱨
ƤһæҪ̨𣬶ߵŮ˿䣬ɢƮڣ̨ϵĻѾƾձװľһֱعϡ
һз·δ
췿ʱֻŵɫΪǱųϣôˣ
εزȥǵĺˮû£̫ɹġ㣬һͺľܿˣôڲŻ
һʣСҲסᣬһһŴۿڹ䡣
л˵
µģǱеƱʼǵάˣά֪ͨ
ģףеƱʼ̫ˣһ˺ŲԱֻ½豸̨ԣֻƽõġиֹܶ˵ȫֻ˵ͳ⣬ȱ˵ꡣ
ҪΪʲô·ڸԱΪ׼·ʱʮƶ˴˼֣·Ǹ󹤳̡
ˣ


172
ųϲ̸һ̸Լ
ɽҪ࣬ڲĹľ¥䣬洦ɼĵ澰ԭĺͬ˽е֮⣬⴦л౾صѰ
һ̵ֻҶָ⣬ź쵵ɫԵīѯʣô˵״Σ
ҶԶԶ̷̶ӣȻ̶ӵ⿴ȥѾΧ˲ٹ˿ͣͬ١Զȥ̷üͷƺںŬһЩ˽ʲôЩȻˣһ˴ӵڻǰ֪Ϊʲôۡ
ãЩ̷ǵ鷳ҶڱϾ̬㲻أǿͷҲ֡
īףٽ̸䣬һɽ̴Ůߡ
С㣬ų룬лλ
ī費ɫüû뵽ĻȥĳϾȻ𰣬Ļеǳϵ˳
аСæǣߣԸܵĳǶԭ̬Ѻõ𰡣
ˣǾ͹·ˡīһЦ΢΢ס

˸λӵĽŲֵļУһ·һƫƧЩԺ䡣
ӳܼ仨Ҷ쵣洦жҶССһ¡
µϣĵĽһһڵ곤ЩŮ죬ۿĿȥǸղſ޹ϺЦѾƽˡ
ߵ곤Ůüᣬһȹһ繷飬βӳڶǰҡС
ڿҶī˵ĵｫĺ嵽ԶԼˣԼŶ˵ͷʾ⣬λãɽڳ𰣬°Ѿͬ˵ˣķǳмλİ
ڿīסɴʱ𰻹΢в죬Ҳû뵽ռҵС㾹Ȼȴ˫Ŀʧ
޷ﰲСҲǾ̷̶֮ͬ͡ӳҲһֱųϵĹաֻһ̴֣Ӱһڷǰ󰲾£ҲҪмųϵĹգһݱı⡣
ԥīЦЦʾӣǹ֮ֻһ⣬ųϿԿһ
ǣŵīϢһоһݷţװõᡣ
֮ǰ̷˽⵽Ҳ̶ӳĿˣÿζᡣ
տ𰾪ϲҲ֪ͶǸȷľ鼮ȷûƴǣλҲҰɣ
Ҷһۣ⣬ɡ
һķ䣬ҶֱѯʣľΣ
û뵽˾ȻԼڵĵӣдΣǣҲû˵ҪӦõϾѹˡ
ڵӶôҶ׷ʡ
ԷɫζЩϲŪһɫĴɹޣһֱУگĹϵãʱгͻˡ
ľĵطһʱ·̣گѾ͸˵زˣ
ҶĻʳеķΧճֻͣͣ˵ĺƳĸO@
Цһϴѵĸӣλ֪ǽнѡʱڣЩ˴ʱ䲻̫ƽʱڣԳͻࡣ
гλõȻǷ֮˿ŸºͣԴԭǳƣ˵ˮ©ڴ˿ౣ൱ľ衣
ԳĬʱȻī迪ڣ֪ûлųϵһġ
죬˴ֻˣû뵽ī軹ҶرܡȻ²˵ĹϵҲܿ˹ϵǳҴһ൱ƽȵλãռҼƲ⣬һ˵ݶȻҲ򵥡
˵Ƕ˶һ˻һ˶ȻҲûоܾɣȻ
ҶֻԥƬ̣ѡͬ⡣
㡣ǰ˶ī˵Ŀȴǿ𰡣
ȻһиζҲգֻױʾ֪
ȵҶ뿪ī£ȵǣڣ𰳤Ҫϵ͢ĿѾﵽˣֻҶˣʲôѴֱ˵
Ϊ֪˿𰲢ûڸԼɫǰº͵УŮ˴˿͸¶һֽȻͬΣʡ
˺һЦʣСγԣƺûĳ͢Ѱʲô
һʷɣѡһ£ųжٰգȻɫȻĿ֮죬ƺܸܵһζƳĿϡ
ʮȫաԷֻһǳĻش
ľ֣ǸΪҶĳô
˿̵ĳĬȻһĬϡ
òЦСԽ˽⣬ҪĶöࡣ
˽⣬ֻһƶϡǣ˵ԼƶϣǰЩʱռ͢ڽϱ飬ҲǼλųЯǸġ
εǣϽ˵÷ǳĿΪ˱ȫڲ͢Ǩŭ׷ô㱾ðæڸеǰ置ɽˮԶֶƶֵֿܳ⡣ƫƫʵǰһһǳ˱ʼٸߡҶ
ȹǵ򢣬ӳӨ׵ǣĽìܣôֻ˵㱾ĿľΪ˰ҶƳó͢ע⵽
С۵ȷī轫˼µ͸ֻһ棬˵㿴ϱ飬ôλǳ͢еˣ
īʵش𣬡ͬеģ͢е¡µݣӦܹﵽһ
ҶǺõģǾͰãԼڴ˵ȷʵ̫ˣ಻Ҫ鷳
͢мһȻҲ֪ģȻԶ置Ҳ˽һ͢ľƱ仯ŵĲǸõĿܣȨУĳһ⽭ɽգҲ֮С
̹֮͢Ѱȷ²ߣȷʵεҡͷǵЦ¶ֿɬҲ֪λǧɽˮϽܲġҲ֪λõʲôأ
ǲѡųϣҲΪЩԭ̬ƣųܹ̳н֮λ˫һ¡͢Ҳؽ置ԭϵ
īҡȣ̻죬ӳüۣȻҴЩ˽ġⶼ⻰ż
ỺҡȵĶԴ·
֪˲Ǽ򵥽ɫīŶԷ̧ʾ⵽˵ʱ򡪡
ųϲ̸һ̸Լ
л˵
ǰЩʱ˵⣬ҪǼסԺ˺˵籩*
ȻѾˣõģֻǺܱǸúͻȻϸ½ȡ
ֻпΪһЩж˶˷ڿĿֵᷢȷһЩ̫ˡ
ƺӦһЩȥܽᣬȻ˸ָ⵫ǰһ˵ȻǺܿĵһ꣬ǸмԼ˿ʼƽ̨ϴⱾľдҵֵķĵϲд
Ҳлϲ֣Ĵҡ
ǳлϣµһ˳죬ף


173ɰ
Ѱ֮ˣԻҡ
˵ȻҲеģһ١
ΪгϣҪȨĶ࣬Сάɽگƽ΢ҡҡ׹ƽ⡣
пαúڿڵС֪¼
īԺлһƺĳֽɵĹȫѾʧˡ
Сԣֻ˵һ롣дɹ޵ĶеĳЫЩشѵйͿеޢָԹҽ棬¼¼嶾ڹһЩоö֮Ҳ˸ָĽɵĹнһЩ̫̣ԸϰãֲоĹʧ콫¼Ϊ˽飬νܡ
һ̾Ϣ꣬һνҵĹĸܿԼ⣬ͻȻġ
̸гţĹĸȻΣʼٸȴѲ¡
ΪͻȻҲûüѡļ̳ˣڻҲҲٳûѡһνʶһνλ֮ǰ¼дΪܡ
ε̯֣ҵСӦúˡ
һνҶ¼ҪУ֪̹ϣȻҲѲ¡
ҶõⱾ飬Σ֮УҲĻ
ǣǽǧĹ涨ûоܾĽڡָۣŴѵıԵ
涼Щ꾫ĻĹƳ棬Щʱʯٵ衣
Ҷگ֧֣ѡҵİղɡ
ĳīѵ¶֣ɫóɫĴ¶ǵɫ
ԭΪɽһνѡҪӰ쵽ڳ̬͢ȣҪ𰣬ҲΪԭ̬ȸѺá
置ŷگѾ˵͸ǧٿף¼벻УȻ̡
ʱ˿ٻͷ̬ȻƵ꣬ľѵý㣬Կ࣬ī边ܵεķ̡ǷȱµĶĸг˴ʱĹ
ºٻѳɶ֮²ͽͣī̾Ҳȥô
֪ˡڽѡһ¼䣬ǻᶦС¡˾תѯ𰣬һ˵ѡΣЩ
ҪԸҪǿһλļ̳ˣϽͻȻûԸҪľµļλϺͽڵ¸صǰһεЦ⣬Ȼگġ½еӵԸҲοվҲӰֵء
Ҳگв˻ԡ¼мصľѡҶԡ¼Ϊգ֮ԭ置Ĺϵ൱һ֧ߡ
īȻ˵ý֮˶ʱ価ƫ㲢ʵ˴ν֮λѡֻҶĻָĦǣչбת˲ûӰпУû˾֣ǲǾûһν
û뵽һڱҪȡȴֱҪСļ裬ȷȷġڹƾճʲô⣬Ҳ˻ɡ
ٵһ˵ķʽ࣬ɱֱֻһַʽīҡͷɽЩڶͼֲ֣ĳֻ͢಻٣گˣ²֪ж٣Ȼֵĵط
ī˵֮»ӳ顣ⳡ֪ͼѯʣǲ֪ʲôΪСأ
֮ǰ˵ǲͼʲô֮ֻǸųܹٵǽ֮λպҲ㳯͢ɽ̽ã˾Ѿ㡣ī˵ȴǵʹȥȻҴ˴ǰ˽ġ置ΪѰһ˵ġ
һѰ˶ʲôҪ𰷴˿֪СҪѰǺˣҿԶýѰˡ
˲ǳֶѰõġ𸴶ɿīһһٵҴ˴Ѱģǰɽ̽ҡ
һ죬ԭΪ𾪲Сĵ档˺Щʱƽ飬װɻʣСĪ˵Цʲôû׵ĵطҲ֪ǽǰĽѾ˰꣬ȻͻˣѰ֮ˣ˵Ѱҵģ
ԷҡͷȷĻش𣬡ҴΪ˼ұ˵ġ
ֲųϿԳ촰˵Ѱǰֻ󣬲޶⡣ʱմ麽ҵϺˣ֪ҵڵġ
Է˵ֱףҲȻǴӺδ֪Ϣбܱ׷ܡ
ֻܽʵ֪Ϊʲô
˳ָŪɴƮ䣬ʱüᣬԴ繡ȻΪ˫۾
ԭҽԼ۾һȴɻ˫ĿʧӦȥѰҽߣΪҪǧԶ置Ѱң
ߵīߣðһʣ۾ô£ܷΪ㿴
īֻ֣ǰų⡣
ȵָī˫ԵѨλžһΣͨʧ۾ûκ⵫
һİͬһ㣬ǿȡеû̽顣ֻܽջָۣ۾Ϊڳĳַɡ
ǡīʵϣųϿҽεķ
ǰδҲЩսǰȻδתҲδûнⷨ
˵īҲȼЩϣ
ڴʱһİŮ˶˵Ľ̸ɫ仪תҲݺ䴺ɫȴ㲻Ѻá
𰣬ҲڷͿӣҲ֪֮£ƾĿǴҪȥת췣ѻеԼ𣿡
ӳ͸뷿ϡչ䣬Ůӵƾն֡üƳ촽һ˫ӯӯһѹһ͹ճַ绪ü۱޶߷飬ƫƫ۽ǻɰ룬Ⱦǧޣֻһ̫ϼܽޡ˲
ȴֱֽ˵ֺչӰԳΣյϢ΢üڴ˿ȻƵźš
ֻ͸ƺʵ塣ȴҲһֱ̧һɾ磬īȣֻܿס֡
īϵѾͷҲʲô˵Ǵ汲ϣ뿪˵أҶĸ롣
л˵
׵ǰ


174˼
ǷѾüסǷҡ
ͻľȷīΪǱںڰֲֻԼסΡ
ҲŮͻȻѵԵɣֻܺĵطסī£ؿǰˣǰôͻȻˣ
ٲ㶼֪ͽʲô
ǰŮȻѵң˿ɫƣüĿ粽ضī衣
īݵۺñ紵ҵķ˿ȻǸĵĮģǰ֪īϺ˵ģ
һһЦΪϹӣҲǡ
ĿڿϵİӰԶЩ֣̫ˡ
ڿīĵһۣȷīϵĺԭΪʵī̫ơԴǶôòºͣڸǲ͵Ż֮ȥıϢ·ģ֦Ҷ䣬ȴ̴ˮۡ
⸱ֳ۵ģһҪȥųͷȥỨȻڳһѪģʬ
˵ʱŵؿī裬ԭļ˾
ǡδϣֻ˵أ˾ݲʲôϵ
ôûϵأȻˣǲ˾ȻҲ³
˵ȷˡȻīЩǷѾԷ˵ʱɫǲ԰ֻ࣬һ㵥Цݣǰڹļ˾ô˶ʱ򲢲ˣҲѡȨ
ԷĨ秵˵ʽҲ룬ǸģӰҲ㵱ܵĴۡ
˵òлᣬһȥˡݵͣ٣һһٵǻǰʱ򡣡
ȻᡱָԼ£ȸī裬ֱһɣƾʲôأīϵѾͷɱǰҺīĽѹҡ
Ҷ̬ȱȻʲôΣīȴҲò׼ҾΪʲôԼŭ
Ƭ̺īһѣƾҲմ麵ĺأ
˻һݵľĬһ԰ע˶ŵҲ¶𾪣ī边Ȼǰֱˡ
ɫ΢ر仯ţһЦ㹦εòҺЩ¹֥Ҳ֪
ߵīǰ岢ʵ壬Ҫֺݺ̧ī´ϧǰ͸߹ǷѾüסǷҡ
˵ī輸ܹȷǳմϡ
մȻҽҲǰˡ
ҸīĲ俴һմ麵ӰӣֲɵЦԼһҵʲôۼ
ޡҲΪôǷҶǷʲô޹أҲò
īƷζҵķԣоѾ²⵽Ҷ̬ȶӵԵɡǰγԣ
ȴѾ˵ûϵˣζ¡ȥĸ˽׼ӣҶġ߰ɣĪҪµڶ
֮еԵɣīһЦǰˡմһδл䣬Ҳûĸһ𡣡
¶ɫȴûٴߴī뿪ֻɨһۣǴϵô
ȡ˫Ѫ֮ľʩԴ̬֮ȸı䣬ɼȷΪմѰ»
īִóǱȣعΪгģ˵Ȼ˽⣬ǰ
ǡī貢֪Ķ䵽ȴǱζ⸱ҡӵģ㱿ȥȷմ麡ҵȻ֪ĽǻôôΥ顣
īü΢ʲôΪ˲ϧΥǰҲӦ
չ£ұ͵ø͸ڴīǰ˵ʲô㡱
īֱӸ϶Ļش𣬡ҵȷĺ
ֵˣĲ豭Ҳѵˤ˵棬㾹Ȼڶ֮ɨӣǲǻݣ
ѪԵ˵ȷī΢΢ףֻѾʱ꣬ҲˣϽҲλףѪԵвЩʲôλѰҾͺá
ī˵Щʲôȴûȥ˼ô֮ýٻҵĻǣŶͷЦôôе飬ǲ±ǰɣ
ҵʱȥΪЩµô
մħִˣǰĪҪīվǲԸմ麡
˰˵մ麷񲣬մʼǸѵˣִֻΪִģ޿ɺǡ
ҳĬֻŴ⣬ɫûüӰ¡ǹƻĵüۣȴڴ˿Գɪζ
ҡī֪ǳȴʱ䡣ǰܹѣҲմ麵ԸΣϣҪŬա
ڻعͷɫڻЩʲôֱ˵Ƶġ
īǰЩǰװɡ
˵
ǰҪлҪһ塣
ü֪˵˹ؼҪһԴͷʹôҵʺϵ壿
īƶؿڣѰʺǰ塣
˼ᶨķԣЩ⣬ƾʲôȷʺҵ壿
Ϊմڵرǰ壬룬ӦòбԭʺǰˡỺؿڣӿ΢ı仯иĲ
Ҳŵصɴۣҵ嶼ˣ
ǸӡֻܴӳݼһɫЦ
մΪǰһºľ˼ȫɻǵȻҲ˼֮С
ҿԣҰκ۾Ľףô
ǵģӦ㹫ƽ֪Ҳоܾ׵ɡ
Ȼû˼ñѡͬ⣬ҿԴӦ㣬ֻǻһҪ󡣡
ǰ뽲
һνѡҪλĳ̶ֳϣҲû뵽Լ꣬ɽȴǸӽķѡ
ȻʹףҲᾡȫųϼ̳н֮λ
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸣ףԱѾڶ̶һڽ̫ྪϢԵЩ͵򢣬С𰣬ȥźõɡ
ŻعæȥԼڹ
ҵĻīߣ߸츳ǣȷѵõĺӡڿīԼƺЩ
ʱ㶼ߣҪ߼ȡ
л˵
ǸǰʱûиΪˣ̫˼Ϊ¹
ϻһС⡫


175˼ѩ
ΣҸú㲻ޣҲġ
ȻδκοҵĵطҾҵɫЦ˽մɫǣһЦ·СԭЦҲǿġ
ҼǵЦ£߷ַһ˫ˮһ۲ᡣֻЦݣ˭һǶլۣݷõ̼֣ǶΨһŮüҵĻиɻȴָҲޡ
ֻڽֻһαƤҡЦ˭һ
ҹĶڵˣҷѾ˼լǣֻΪ࿴һۡ
ֻõƮƮһ񣬡ǣɺ֡һƬǽ壬Ҳްɫǵȵ򢣬עŷսսˣ˵Ļµıǣʲôʲ
ˤǰҤߣ˺ѵʥױīõǻβ⣬ͷֻһ䣬ʲ
ǰϹӵ֮ƣʲô벻ۣҲһ
Ϊʲô˵⸱飿һߵҶٿңüͷš
ʲôأЦһ
װ麵ӣܿ㡣ĸŮϵô¶ɻ顣
Ҷ࿴ۣѩ촽筣²ûλ¶ٺۼǶˡϵ̴ĥһһ˸׳ƳĴҲܲ뵽Ҷĺպչѫ治ѩҶ١֡
ҵĿģųеĳ谮º͡ᣬĸֶ˭һòǽȻͬġǴкʵС
Ľ
ҧŴûлش𣬶Ŀڰڷŵ٣ٿźܾûˣôôţĸǰصĶ
ǰͩľ˿٣ҵĿҲŲȥʱӲסҲ֪û˵
ʵ֪ܱǰ١ڴǰѸ˸ȮȻɫ֮ܵķĶˡһûü֣ԭµȴ֪ʱ˻
ûпһֱۣ㱧˰ϵ٣Ÿҡĵģޱ飬ǳһɫҹ
һ˲Һܺ¡
Ҳû¶ŭ飬ֻǵؿңòŻǣס﷿ĶҶ̫Щ̾˿ȥա
ҺΨһĽ
в٣ʲôأҪͲڸʱǴںɽڸǰ置һһء
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣û㣬ǲ֪㲻֪ҲãңǳɫĸɫǣҪסϣ˵ġԲ㡭ĪҪ
һʱסٶ󣬶˵ͨʲˣٺúñһ£һɽҰɡ
ԴЩ¶޹
л˵
һС⣬մ麵ŮʵһܱĹ¡
ĩβýմ麱ǰ١
մܣڸŮĹϵŮһӶܺ
Ƿ𣬻ȷǵġ


176ʱ
ϣʮǰһ֮С
˵īָһ»Ż¶ɫô裬Ҫһôǰ
Ҳ̫Щ
е㲻ŵؿʲôѵ֪һַȻҲݵķʽǱϵ÷ͿϢڹ֮˵ĻС
īƫͷѵ¶ƶǶ顣
ī⸱飬Ҳ֪ûȫ⣬һϢȻҲʲô˶ֻϢĻСѪȻû谭ġ
һ̾Ϣ̧֡
һǳī败Ļ꣬ܿ磬ǣɢīָС
ܸܵϢĻС
߰ɣҵ㿴۾Ժҵ
īڹ̵·ϣģǰķʽһָ⡣ôڵ˼ǣѾƿˣô
ȻھֻһΣԷѾ«ưƿʳʱ򣬻統ͷȣʶ˾ī磬Ҳմû֮
ǣκ۾ĻñΣյİϷԺдҵЦԷƵؾ档
ᡣīǳһЦջֻǰȷһ£и̣ҲӰ쵽ǰĻȻࡣ
ֻһٻش
߳ԺʱҶѾԺãȺʱԤҪ࣬Ҷ°ڡڿīʱδڸԼľϲ

ޱߴO@ƺʲôԼķߡ
Ļĺܺãժһ䣬ʺ㡣Ҷ΢˺һīޱǶɽ裬ɫѩףʤѩɫ˷˱Ȼ歡
ظпܿˡǴ˷ΪЩ£ֻһϾɫǾ͸ˡ˵˴Ҷʵ̸ô
ī֪Ƕ˵Ľ̸ֻĵû졣˴ϸ̸ĵطȻȥ˵ɡ
˻ص𰰲ŵסҶ뿪ȥЩҾͳڷ͸˳ѯʣղʲôˣ
¡ī蹫¹ظһٷش
ҶٵĺˣۿҶ뿪ķ򣬲֪Щʲô
˵īֻĳЩض¿óһЩմ麺ī֮Ҷȴһ۱ܿҶٵĹϵʵ̫ӽ
īò׼ҶҶٵ̬ȣҪ˵ûйϵȻǰҵɵӺŪǸ˿϶Ļش
ʲôϵȻϹӣ֮΢ΧС
󡣡ΪΥġ
ȴЦҵɵӺŪأ֪ʵĹϵʲôѧҶĿǣժһ䣬ʺ㡯ҲֻǺ飿
īˮĶ΢ͣͣȴǴݲȵвſڣ󣬻ǾǸȹ̵ĹϵʲôôҲδǰ
ЩʵǾȤ٩ҺҲһֺ飬ܺһ𣿡
֣ǰȻһÿ˶һ㣬ͷʹ
ޣҵǺܺ棬ֲһҵԵúȤսʵ
īȴԸ̸ֻ΢ӱܿҵĿ⣬Щݿ²ǵĺΧڰɣǰ
˭֪ҶٶҪԤпܶ࣬ƿʱͿīһ͸Ů˽̸ǰһĻʵ̫죬תһԴӽӴīĸƵĶҲ࣬Ҳֲˡ
ϸƶһĻҶܿ²ݣòЦ⣬ǰ
Ů˵ϣĿζüһЦ۽ǵɰɫĿ
Ҳɡ´ȻЩ˵
ȥͦУûб仯温ī裬Ҫ㿴۾ˣҪرô
īҡͷûʲôûرܵģǰ˽ͺá
Ҷǰմ麵ǱĶڿֽҳϤּʱ໹Ƭ̡
ֻһּܿˣЩңԶĺۼʱӼţֽҳּƮ˵ϺʱҲΪʱ쳤ؾãҲڲõĽպ庣̣¾á
ϧ˴ˡ
ɫ㱣ҶʶѾһҳڿҳմдµǾ䡰÷Ī÷ʱѾû󷨵ˡ*
û£ѾˡջĿ⣬ģд󷨵ԭҶˡ˵Ӧò⡣

ֻջεĳĬ
ҿˣֻúǰ̵ڵϰʱȫûЩ󱲣ãȻ͵ı顣
һ飬ô𣿡
ӦȻǳĬ
ҵĿڶ֮شҶûнӴ⸱ģп⡣һͷˮģʲô˼հī
īɫۿɼٶȿʼ죬һҲûʹ⡣˰Σűһ䣬մе̫ɢܺôǰ
մ麵ֻԼĲݸ壬ණűдµĲ룬ּ̣ʵǻྫжҲǿѡ
Ҳһմ麵ļأֻΪմ麱˴˽⣬ұһҰɣȻûʲôѡҪһ㣬ʵЩΪˡ
ҿīĿⲢԼµıʼѾѹϽ͵÷ǳѪϰӦⶼѡ
īڷϵָĦţúŵǰЦˣĸʱˣҲδͷϰѧЩƤë
ʲô˼ز²˵ô򵥣׷ʵ
Ҷ֪īڹȥһЩѣǰĪҪ׷ˡ
޷ģǰҲ֪ȨīǣסֹסҶȴܸܵһƬסԼָڵָ΢΢š
ҵĸվ䣬ǰμ˾īܣΪҵĹ˺ܶ硣Ϊңīңϡ
ǳ·ޱϲسʵһЩͷٹεĴ̡ϣʮǰһ֮С
׹ϼȾ͸ƲοѪ糺졣
ɫ㵣ī衣
Ψ۽ǵɰĿͬѪ׹䡣
л˵
ǰǺæһ¡
ĳŮͬʱҸоҺʹվ10Ǻְȸİ1


177ฺ
ֻϣۺʱرҷȥ
һʱī˵Ϣ⧲δüڸϵ
𾪣ẓ́ϸ֣ĻԷʢǰܣ仨Ҷֻһ㼥Ц⡣
һֳ棬ǵЦԵøǱѪУֱǼ˵䡣ӵڶ
ѪĻοһƬĿʺ졣
ǼƬοѪ
Һļѡ񣬼ޡЩԶļ䣬ȻҾͰˡȻŲǸҲϵļ壬Ȼֻзˡ
˾ҿΪȥ𣿡ҿŶˣʳһ֪д𰸵⣬ֻǸǽĸ壬ɽأѪУҡ
Ҳ֪ؿֳƵϢдӺζ֣ЩģҲúԼʲôϵ˵ʱǸܵһֿı
ƿѪ۰ֻ߲ΪΥˣȴڰվһʣɼӪӪȦת
ǿɱֿ
һʱĬīʹͷ֪λӦ
˵մ麵ĸʱΪı˫˫൱ٵͽ˼֮λʱһʮ̯ӣ֮λˣмڷּҹϷֲƲлһ
Ѫ±ҡҡ׹ĸ塣
ܳһʱ䣬մ麶ڴң˼֮󣬻ǻྫȥӦ¡
մǱҲΪ˽̫˵ɷأΪ
Ѫ׹ϵԸġãīűһ仰˵ڣԼЩЦֻ̾һ
ǰŲ׾죬ͿԷôʲôأҷʣ־Լʱ겻Ķź׷ʵЦ
岢ûᣬֻԶԶȥɫȴڰݣᴹ
ǰڣҲΪ˽ôʱ֮ˡī嵭ڶϣΪѣҪޣø۵Ĳ
Ȼǰīֻ̾Ϣһģ˭ϣԼѡбһ
Ϧڴ˿̳棬⾰ɫҹɫ谵֮Сһ԰Ҷȼ۵ҡҷҵͳɫ
νˡһֳǣǶ޶ƻüۣȴڴ˿ԳһݱµǰܸУ񣬾ѾĴ𰸡Ҷһõ̾ϢʧܹҶҲǷʲô
̾ϢǺĻһƬ걻ˮ䡣
ʵҲףԼһԸҪһбȼմİǸ˵İȴ飬ս׺ϪˮݣȻҲƹ
ˡ¿ī裬ָ̫Ѩλãǿ۾ɡ
һѨλžһȦҵıֵ൱ɣ۾ѣȻѾ˺ҽεĵزô꣬Ѿû䵽زˣ
˵ī۾ĻᣬҶһ˾񣬡ǰ˵۾ҽΣҪЩʲô
ָīüǴĦǸ󷨵˵й񶾣ԼԸܸĴۣ󷨰ǴԼܡȻ˵Ļٷַȥһµ󷨣ǴϾͺˡ
Ǹ󷨼临ӣҪ㾡ʱӦúѸƳһƵ󷨡Ҷһ󷨵Ĺ죬²򵥡
ҡҡָǸҪûתҪôһֲҪֻҪһתǴС󷨾ˡ
ЦЩЩζתҶҷ󷨲ѵĲ֣Ҫĵǡ𴽽ǣҪ˭Ǵأ
һԵīȻ̧ͷǴʲôҪ𣿡
ȻҪġƳīһۣҪôīֱǴѪҪôǱˡ
ī˵ʱܾҿǵķΧڡ
ȴûлӦī裬ǶҶ̽Ŀ⣬üͷôأҶĹʵѡˡ
ǰ˵ҵĿǷڡīһסҶ֣ѵеش
㲻Ը⣬͵һӵϹӡҵָ֮һ㵱ϹӣϹӣѡһɡ
Ҷѿī֣ضˣ۾ѣҵ۾Ȼԥ
ʵζĿ⿴ʱ֪Ҫҽī˫ҪĴۡ±УֻԼ۾Ļûʲôԥġ
Ҷ֪֪˵ʲôīѵɫƺĲҶľ֪ʧζʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪ҲŲԸһֱʧ
û˵꣬ͱīǿӲקӣǵһμī豬ǿӲ̬ſڡ
Һҵл˵飬԰ջ˦һ䣬¾Ͳˡ
һĻһָ鴦㱻һģֱ˵ɣ˸󷨣ġ
ǰαΪī̾Ϣһߵλá
ֻ棬һֳǣɫɢΪѣƾʲôΪ˵ľʵʵѡΪܺǳߵ**һץǣ
ѡķڡīҲǿӲػش𣬡۾̫ˣûпǷҲöҵ¸𡣡
Ǹô۾Ը⸶γƵϰ㣿¶ɻ󣬴ϸԼྶͥĺ󱲡
յīǵѪҲɼѩʢŵİ꼡
ҶԴ˲Ȥ಻Ҫ֪ʧζ˿Ը⸶һУܽʮոһյĺڰôδã󲻱ΪҸЩ
պΪڶ϶ҲԸġ
ƷζĻžīⷽϵĳ죬Լʱ벻ôȫ
īᴹżֻϣۺʱرҷȥ
ᣬȴǧͷ
Ҵ⶯ȴʲôҲû˵ֻǸν̬أȻԸǴǴϹˣ
޳ָĵŷ֣īݣǰȻһֱ˵ѡô˵һѡķΧİɣǴģֻҶһˡ
ƫͷ¶һıɫǰһôƵģִ۾⣬ʹԩ޳޹
īѾ¿αɵ̬
ҶҶˡƽóȣֻȥһƽ°ڣ֪Ҵ֮ɼȻӲԸһҲֻܿԼ
ҵЦ϶ڶϡ
ҵǾҶ㣬෴Ӧüɵ㡣
л˵
ÿι궼æ֪æʲôǸõˡҲеع
˴סʵŪ༭
մ麣ʵһฺ


178ɽˮ
ҪȸλҪܵ˴ۡ
һĿɨ˵ɣȻ󷨵ƷһҪƷҲ洦ɼġӺδȥѰ
Ļʵһ̶ȵĹʮռ⡣ī˵ԼƲ⡣
ǡҸ˿϶Ļش𣬵ɫȴͬɾԭӣصҲǸصĴҪץǴף
аǵεķϣīгһЦѵãϽһλ
Ȼʲô⣬گȻĳҪΰگڣҲӦûдҪѰ·
Ȼ֮ã㹻ջȻ߳ġī΢ƫͷˣҲһʯܳگҲΪɽ̽һĸ󻼲ǣ
һδδŪȨԭóĶֻīɴҲǺһ׮ûж졣

˵ĻµǸһҪɫگϣҪôҲǸ⡣
ҡҷīпŴϸ˼⡣
̴ľذһůĻ
ʲôŮ˵һЦǳǳϼϸܵ⡣
īʶ΢һҶǰء
ҶֵػһΧûзҵټǰô
īܸӦӦҲڸĵطֻǵҲûСڸ
ҶΪ⣬Ȼī裬ʵǰ֪Ҳʲôã̹һ㡣
һī赱Ȼֻ֪ò׼ҶԴ˵̬ȣ֮ǰǽһЩá
ֻҶҲûʲô취ֻɶԷʣͬǰ춼˵Щʲô
ҲûʲôĶīʵҵĽ̸
گȷǸѡҶȨī飬گ¸ҲǸʡ͵ĵƣҲˡ
īۣ´أ
֮ӦҲֻǸˣҲ鷳ҶīķңŨܶķ˿ָ죬ĶᣬȴЦ³̵Ļɱһ˰˰ɡ
ɱ׵ģɱ֮أī谲ؿУگжڴʱ㲻Ϻ£ʱǴ˱ױ¡
ȥ̽گĽ¸ʱҲӢͳһگϧ޵£ŮͣڶءҶƽˣǼŮӦø˵úܰɡֽøɾЩҲȡֲһЩŮպ㡣
Ҷ˼ȫī貢飬Ҳáǵھֻʣһ㣬βܽ¸뾳ڣ
֪ڵĻܻġҶ̧ۿҹɫѾв֪ҵ置
Լնһͳ̾Ϣīס֣̫ðˡ
ԷȴûֱӻӦǵǰ̸ʱȥڹ˹䡣
ī谲ȴĺġ
ɽں̫ܲƽ
ô˵
ҶڽĴԣֹǽѡ飬ǽںܳһʱһֱʧ٣Щʱոˡûô𰣬ҲΪΪæýͷö
˭ģͷ𣿡
˭ȻѲ£گǱߵһֱҲץɽڵȥʵ飬ֻǾץȥʲôƣʲôʵ飬ȴһ֪Щʧٵĵӣûҵʬ塣Ҷ΢ٹЩʱգҪ·ˡ
ī贽һ㲻õĵǻȣܿͱȵָ⸧ƽΪʲôҪǣ
Ҫ¶ֵǵɫ置۾˿еҽη˳گ⣬ôһжõķչ
ֻǲϣΣ֮Сī׽סָ⣬ԼȴǱġ
£ҾͲΣ֮𣿡ҶЦŷʣ·ʱҾ֪˼ң֮أұʵ޹ϵֻһ˶λöѡ
䱾ȫ֮ȻҪסߴλãҪܵӦеĴۡ
ֻǲԸīüۼֻ֮ȥǳ
һ۽üңͬɽˮϡ
置ɫϣҼķ羰Ҳܿ

ϧϽ羰ȴ֪ϲ⡣
ҹĳһԺУȻŵյߵɫ
ԭˣ˵˶ٱ飬ǻȥûȤףҲǡ
ҶӰĿģͣһ־С
ӰĿ壬ֻܿһ޵ĻȣϺαؽ˵ôȿǵĳΣ
Ҷûлش𣬵֮ǰƳһе磬ɫϻɶЩˣ˳ȴҶϿ֪̽λͣ
˵ǸռҵϹŮˣԷ˵Ȼռ̶ӵС㡣
ȴֻǲһ£û˵·ʿѲҶ˴γл˱Ҫɫ
ǣ置΢˽ˡ
˭ҶԺ˼һȦī߿ԳƵӡ̵ҲһˣǸ·Ůˣ
ԷһȻЦ⣬΢˽û΢
Ҷһ˽ԭĽҲܲµǳֹ͢ڶأʲôϵ
˵´˴置ǷºͱּϣҶЭ͢ɨҳ
ҶǰЩʱպƺԭֻ˻ʵۡԭЩ秵˵ͷʹüɱҶʲôϵ
⻰˵ģҶձرҰģ˵ö֮δл䣬ҲδãֻҪһɢֻҪܰæɱҳǿͳҳԵǧ
ੲݵģҶȴֻɫؿαĵĻûʲôȤʲôʷֻαȤ
˲룬ֻѡóʵڵĳ룬ҳϣһ룬置ԭĹϵҶ置ʲô£෴ºͳƴȨһǵóĹ͢ᶦ֧ΪһνΪԭ置Ѻã͢Ϊ
дگҶжҡĹâŵظµŵ֪ģܹæһһگĻ͢ջگǵ֮һگ
ੲݵԭ˵ЩȤĶңԶĽϽ췭ظûȤʵʵյסĶƺûоܾɡ
置أһǧַʽҶ֮ء
л˵
Ǹõˣ괺ѧգת
ʵ͵͵дԤյĳ;Һܡ
дζĺأʱΣڷںġֲˣŮôˡ
һŮͬĬЦĺĬʵ漰һ˽ĵϷŮͬЦɡ
ء
.1.jjc˵
滨ܱҪϴָս
Ȼһֱ
ʡ
Բ𡣡
ѣ
.2.һСʱ̸豧Թ̸jjcĲģһСʱоҪˣϹоֶ򲻶
ѣСɡ0
ң˵öԵϵ̸
ѣƲӾͻ
ңҴֶֻҪð
ѣŮͬȷʵһҪ֣ǽϹͲһ


179·
äĲä
⼸յɽڿνӿҶȻûȥ̽ʲô£ҲΧɫϲ΢ķΧ
⼸ոæýͷöƲӰ
ҶճʱԺӵ
ڴ֣߳ʱɫԲá
Ժſ̷ִڿҶʱ¶ǸɫߵҶСС㣬ˡǰ̶мʧˣҲûҵټ
Ҷ۽ƳſΧ۵ˣѹѹѾΧ˲ɫƵɽ̵ӡЦһʣӦǵ鷳ôǻˣ
̷¶Ϊѵ飬ǱҲмǺǵһʧٵģǰˡ
ʲôôáī΢üѵ¶ɫ
ʧ͸ֻý˳ͷۡ
Ǹ˵̷貢֪±ǣֻīһθǳϽù¾һһΡ
λôã֪ܸܲ˵һO@ŲſΧŵĵóһҶŹǵ
ĵһûп򱾸̶ӻ˵ī裬ǿԼʱҶ֪ǳġ
֪ҶҪʲô˵ҶƳһۣΪҪ˵ġ
ҶһЦʧٵǼӣǺ̶ӵ˽Ӵˣ˵Ҫȥû֮ʧٵģǻҪﵹһң
һ˵кüۣͬʾԼۼеӸռ̶ӵȥһ˵΢ķΧøӽţլԺⲻΧ۵˶ʼ˽
ҶЩ˴ͨõﲢ޴Ȥ̷ֻ衣
̶ʧٵ˾˵Ǽ⼸˶֪֪׵̶ˣǲЩµġ˵ˣǵ˹ǽеЩʲô̷輱æ͡
ҶȻ̷ԣ֪Ҷ˷ģֻΪǵҲһǵĵؽʧˣߵ䲻ΪϲȥѰˣָǣǲ̫ȡЩ
Ѱˡ֣Ҷ¶˵óѵɫ֪ûȥѰⶼ˻ټǵҲס
ʲôôΧڿ˵סĳƽϢլԺڽŵķΧû¶ɫƣ룬һֻֻǣŰ롣
ҶƳߵİۿͨ죬Ǹոտ޹ɫ̣֪ʲô¡
ˣ𰣬㵹Ҳ˵óڡڴ˿Ĳʱ÷Ҷѣ֪֪ʧٵĵӾͺйأ
һֳŶͷ֤أǺصָءһŵɣÿζƺ󡣡
ǽڵĵӾǸǵȥȡȻʧٵģأ˵˷׷׸͡
ֻ̾ϢҶĵǵ䣬͸ͬһ·ȥѰﶯƤӡʧٵѾˣĴĻ̡̻
ԡԷǳϵˬͷɼ˺һȥѰΣ
ȻʧٵҲ̶ӵˣҲһȥɡ
Ҷڿڵһ˲䣬ͱīקסֻ֣ǰԵԷֱī֡ҶҲһ·ȥΣҵˣҲˮʯ
ҶνҶû뵽ԷȻϹȻ༸˳ҵļҲһЩô
ԡҶɫʼƽȥͬ𰳤̸һ̸¡
ۼ¶£ֿɿΧɢȥȻǣŰĵ֣Ҷ̾ϢǳݹģαػҪӦжȻ֡
֪ˣһжİ֮УɱңҲҪԼû¡
˵꣬ۿͨİģСôˣȥʲôõ¡
ﰲĲᣬĵĸףҲʧٵĵ֮һ
˵̶кܶûȥһ䣬кľһңȻҲûлһֱں˵ʧٵ飬ҲҪ뿪УԼܳȥȻ˵ʱЩҭ߼ȻֻǱ˭ƭ˻ǿб˹ˡŽ㣬ҪȥѰ˵ĻһҪȥ
óһССУúãڸĻܸӦ
ĬչĦ̵Ļƣúɬػش𣬡á
¡
Ҷһỽ
߻īߣʣôˣ
ɫ𸴶ɿīŵ֪ģұԸȥðգ㶼ΪȥЩ˵ٶ࣬ҲԵα
ɵ¡̧סҶգԼĶסԷĶͷʱڰЩϣƽģֻһ¡
ȻҵȻģһ*㸴ķסīֱŵô
īǰɴˮ۴ʪջ¹顣
á

ڿʱҶá
һжڰԤȻ֪ҶڿЩʲôȻͶȻǧַ֮ء
¸Ǹ϶ҲϺͿˣȻԼԸ¼ľȵԼõˡ¼Ĺﻹ˸ΥԼﻹίߡ
̫ʱ䣬еԼĴţϣóˡ
šҶֽŶյ¯Уֽűɣŷճɻҽ
ʱǸײӰȻڣĪҪǵԼҶϡ
֪¶͵ػӦɨǸӰеĺˣ㣬Ҳڵ⼸տɱ˷ˡ
ȻЩһзִġЦһӰͬȣҾ͹ϵĺϢˡ
Ҷ߳լԺʱԺϸѡѾװԺ׼ǰԼĵص㡣
߳ԺСʱ䣬㿴˽Ƨ̶Ӵģ̴ڰ˻ܿʶЩռ̶ӵʹӣԱ߻˸Ůӣб¡
ȻռһµλС㣬˵֣Ⱥ置綼עߵҶ˶ϹŮ֪֮١
ԱߵĽŲʱīվֱӣҶſоȻһʻƷǶ˶ļֵǵɫʯһ˽;ǷƷ
ҶѾҪ׼ô
īȿڴкҶҲֻܻӦȻҼȻӦˣͲΥԼ
ãʰЩҪõװȥ𰳤ҲϿԳīЦףҶһŵǧȻҲĺܶࡣһ·ϣλܻշ
һߵҶԶλãΧ˶ʱһ΢ĽŵķΧҶѾĹǵѡֻЦЦֻڡ
ҶҶ㱳Щ£̣װӦúҵĵ뿪ƽӦһǷеŭҵĴۡ
ֻһû˿нγʣֻ⻮˫Ŀپ۽ʱīѾӯӯнҶǰһƬҶƬڽϡ
äȴä
л˵
ϢõˣϢѧˡ
ʡ
ѣõˣÿˡ
˵ʲô


180
֪޿ˡʶ
ʧٵµһ·Ѱټ뿪ɽ̺󿴺ۼƺ뿪ʥϷȥˡ
֧Ѱ˵Ķ̥˴һ·ԣֻżżĽ
ҶʼǸģҶ֪Ѱ˵ģҸͷԼȥҲֵÿڴЩʲô⡣
ҶһֱСĵذѰöϵ䣬ʱʱĦһ£ջûסֻʱѯʵСöʲôôųƺϧģ
ָĦϵĻƣ̾Ϣһĵĸףҵʦ㣬ҲڽڵұۡĵĵΪ߾ĳͻֻмʱˡʬ屻󣬰ĵĹǻ롣
ƽûġҡҡ죬ֻĵѪʱŻҡ
½䣬࣬ҿֻʦһչʧȥ˸ףҲϣۣѵ³־䣬ʧȥĸס
ûϢõϢټӦҲû뿪̫Զ
Ҷ𰣬˼Եǰߣʱһڵһųϣð˳ϡ
ݹﵫ޷ҾðҲشͺˡ
˸ίЩʷ¼һҪһν󣬾Ȼֻؽ齻ϱ𣿡
֪ʲôڽвܣҲûйϵСԭڵصǣ¼ܵĽƣһ㶼ڼν֮λʽǩѪܴ򿪽ơ͵͵ǩѪҲһۿϵѪ
ԭˡ
ڴʱȥǰ̽·ĵӴҴҷأųϣǵĽӡǰʧˣƺɽȥʥ̶ķˡ
׷ŽŲɽµıԵҶŷԭ˴±ԵܵĺˮϪˮɽ»µ׵̶ˮˮɢչɫʡ
ҲˣˮƲ¾ľɫֻԼƳֲ䣬̶ˮ峺ɽɢ翲
̶ˮӦǱ˷ΪʥȪ̶
ϢɫȴЩѿɽȥʥȪ
ȵɽ·ɽܼžֻٲˮĺ
ű̶ˮҶȴЩ̫ˣȻȫûϢΨǰ̶ͬһС
ûҵǵӰϡͬеĵϸһȦ̶ߵĺۼûзʧ˵ټ
ҶԣЦһѰˡ
ȴȻ̧ͷضסҶҶʥ̶ʲô
˻ƲʲôΣʥ̳ܲ쳣ģʥ̶̶ˮ峺űΪ̶̶ˮȻǱʲôֽš
ҲûʲôģһȥȾʥ̶ˣֻǡȡ±Ĺǵѣһۣǵǵضѡ
ŹǵѴĵԭŵ̶ˮȻͬһҵؽҶΪ̶ˮķûеһʱ쳣𰿴ˮڵ޴ˮ˻һ˲ա
С㣬Сģ󺰵
Ҷܵȷ棬ܵس齣ֵֻоϼӲۼףײڷ顣
תͷȥһ˫ѪɫͫĿԣֻһͨڵľ̶ˮаֱӣ֮ߣڱգƬ䣬չ·
ʲôаޣܶ置½ĸɫ׼ҶڿʱԼľ
ɫ԰ףŭݣ߬ѵΪŭţǽڷס
ҶǸĶٿȻ綯ѾУǲû޲T
Ⱥ޴ĶᷢļֵҶ֣񹥻ҶĺɫȻͣ˶طӣֻҲܼԦ
һҶ͵޲TԭֻһͱȽϴľǰʥ̶߷һΪ޴޲Tû뵽ҶڱﾹȻôֽšԭʳ˵ģͫҲǽɫġƳ۾Ѫ˫ͫǸû˾˱ֽţȤ
ҪСģж֪Ҷʲôֽš
Ҷ߼ֲͣϼӲļƬֻͷʹߣʲôô
ƳҶӰס˲ٿأȻҲûвˡ
ҶۣＸ䡣
ԷӾﵽ⣬ֻǵ˵ͷá

گճƲЩϰ¸ϳ飬ǲĳװˡ
ī迿αŽʱ㣬Ӧý˰ɡ
ǣϽɽïܣ٣ųӦҲӽɽˡ
ҶҲе㱾£Ȼܰ¸ƭڡīЦһʡǺܶྫ
ȻװڣȻҶʲôΪ֪ܽס
أ
ûϱܵ͢ı޵ģѾЯһ֧ϽټϽפ·Ըˣڶĺ
ȵ뿪ҵӰŸīߣЩǵؿŽȥıӰѾҪñĳ̶ô
һỺ̾ϢīĦһҲòȥļ裬ǰķĿܣҪȥ̬ķչ룬֮λ䵽Ҷϣǻó͢ƽڡҴҲһҾܸǹģگ
΢֪ī˵òûз⼸նûôۣǶϢһ¡̫࣬ΪϿ͵òʧˡ
īֻǵˣת򴰿ڣڼϵ¶ȡ
õĳĬ
ƺѰʹ࣬ſڣҺѲȥģǰ
ÿһ仰һѪۡ
ڴǰȲѵ£վ·ಫΥĻᡣֻҪÿһ㹻ϸ£ı㹻ȫе̬ҵƿУܻƽݵġ
һչµıӰ·ʱڹӰ䣬ҲЩ˰ıʲôȴΪվ
ʱڵչãůҶһжٵģ
ȴΨůٿѪɫӡ
һ޷Υˣ¹ˡ¹ԣһвݣҲֺܵ˺
л˵
emoʱ죬ʵʮǰдµʱԼɣ趨Ǹ鰮޶ܼ򵥡
ĸûʲôŰɫдʹĶǻ¡
Ҳ֪ǲǺ¡


181ʬ
Ѫ֮
ҶѩͥѪҲȡ˵
ʱ׹Էɽֻͻлڿķ֮ڣȻЩ̫֪;޴ۼ׼ӲѰѸʵԵ˺
нʱֻڷ޲TĹơ
žϸܵĽۣȴɲӰĹƣҶ̾ЩѰжĵ
ӲȡǵľҶͼ͵ϮƿƾҶ˼ҪôףԼͷԱĻ
ƹ޲TȥȡҶ
ҲûֱɱҶûѵ󹴽
ĺҲʧȥ޲T͵ػӶ죬ҶǱУֱֱײһԵɡ
޴ĳ庡ѰʹֱŻһѪ
ɺѪڲݵӣܿһصϡ
߱ڵҶ϶µظЦԭЩıƵɲóˡ
ȷʵȲЩֶΡµǻѪҶһЦ
ϣ˵ظҲôӲҶһӣ֪ʲôҩϣ˹ȥ

ƺĵȵٻָʶʱѾһɽֽŶţɡ
С㣬ˣɤ⽹
ã𰻹ߣҶûϸµǶרŷֿͬһͬѰ˵ĵҲмҲڲԶںδ
ĴһȦŶƺȻˮ֮ڵĶѨֻԶ˼֧ѣڻ࣬Ȼʱ˴˵ӦҶһܾݵ㡣
ҲǻԺǰǴطǵĽų˵һʱ·̣Ӧû뿪̫Զҹƻ̶һɽʱһЩѾ۲һ鶴ڵ
ҶĴҶŲ֪ںδڴԼмӰڿء
ڹ߻谵ҶȫǼأϸ۲Ҳܿԣ⼸ãǣʱͣɫҲƳŲĻ̡
Щصʲô
Щˡֻһ۶ڣջĿ⣬¶̣Ǽʬ
ʬȻ֪ʲôһҲʲôôʻ㡣
ԻΪƳУɼʬǿƻʶֻбܣäĿߵ
Ҷڴ˿ȥͬ鱻ɶʬˣʣӲаգ
ҡͷЩƵļʬȻкܴвҲ֪ҶںδһӲǷΣա
ҶŻΧӦȥگ˰ɣʱ䣬¸ҲӦѾ˾ڡץǶˣų룬Ȼе¸̸С
ֹ˼еĵӴˣҲ£ӦûҪ¡ʩʲô󷨣Ҫ˵İ
Ǿ׼ɱ¸󿩣һЦԤһΪ̰һĹϵȻʱпġ
˼صͷ۽΢С㣬㶼ǺȥЩ
ģΪʲôǶأûڶģųϡҶתͷԼ˫ֵҶ̫򵥣ȱνıƣȴҲûҰƥǻۣȻȡġ
ֻǱĻ˻ȥŽӦ
а취óĬ
ҶתʱǵֽŶ濴صļʬƺҲ൱֣Ҳܺʲô취⴫š
ֻסö壬öƺἫزšҡɽˮм΢ţſһʬȴһ㣬
ҡ壬Ǽʬһһߵߡ
ҶſǶʬǰӦһŮӣʱļŹɫŤȥΪֲûйͼǵֻض𰡣
ʦ㡱̧ͷʱˮȻģػʬ
ԷƺдЩ־Ȼٻصͷ
ҶĻҲȻһУԶԼһ򢣬ʦҵһߡǶҪ뿪Ҷ̷֣ȵǾò¸ˡֻ÷һ˻ȥžͺá
Ȼöʾ⣬ʬȻҲܿ˼ײײҶߣ˺ϵ
ȥī裬ʲôʵͺá
ҶСĵƹ˶ڿصĻʬ˴˵ʱһһԵֻǸɽεıӰٿȻ䡣
ųϡһʱҲ֪οڣֻỽһ
ֱǶǶѪŻڣΪʲôأ֪һֱҰģȴû뵽̵顣Щ̬ǿӲ࣬ǲǾͿЩˣ
һֱвô˫ɫӳŻӣڻȥֲصĻᡣ

ҹ꣬մʪҶľկеӽնЪ¡
ֻһԺڻŵпαϵŮŰ
ǵһ·Ѱȥ̶˼ҵĴ򶷡˵ĺۼƺ쳣޴ߡ
īָǣȻѱ࣬ǾֻҶǷʱҪԼԤࡣȻأ
һ·Ѱȥʱ򣬸ֻ˴򶷵ĺۼѪ˶ûӰһ˵ţһСĵؿīı飬СĵزҲûзʬ塣
أڻʬȻīֻЦʡ
ǵѾѰǵˡ
ҵԺβǶĴˣڻʬ뿪ʥȥ֣ǵ졣
֪ʱѾīУϵıʯâȻҲ֪ǵ䣬һһӦѡ
䣬ֻгʵ֮⻮ҹɫĴƬ̣һײǽ棬Ѿʺںδ
˼죬Ժȴֱò֪˵Щʲôֻİʣô֪
˵äĲäīֽбȵý˼֣ڣ֪ڴ˵أҲ͵ôá
ۼѾʺһѪۣ˲żҶרŸ׼ĺɽǴεլ
˵꣬л籡ѪɫѾӦءīֱת룬̣կǱȫɱֻۣҪһڡ
ֱɢȥȤζشŵʬһ˿ڣԭаţ
վԸˣֻܽƾͼơī̧֣սʡ
ѽ֤꣬ѪۣҲйԹңµĸ飬һֱƫࡣ
ǰ˵ѽѪУղˡ̤ĻҹɫУһѽ˺ѪծѪ
л˵
ء̫ˣʵúľ˵ôддĲá
û͵ľдԤգĺǸĥ¿


182
ûҵΪʲôôֵǮ
ҶûмʱͻصɽУȻҲĽ˵ڴ˴
еĲ£ĻһİΪ׵ѾЩ꣬»Ը̬ĻŲȣȻǲɽ¶ˮĸ֡
Ӧگ¸ˡ
Ҷע¸ϣûеһʱɽеҲûзѾȥŵ¡ֻһҶڴ˴ͷ˾裬¸ü£ΣҵȷܵԭԵĳϡ
¸ĿҶ´һȷˣ
ȻһЩı޲Tʱˡ
Ҷ˵¸Ҳ˻ɣ⼤Ҷ֮ϲԭȨƣҪЮֿɵãҶϵЩ޴ԭȻǶ֡
ô˵ȴֹģҶʱؿڣģǵԼҵϽ֮λŮ㴦ãҶЩȤ
¸ŵ˶ƴЦٺòҶϣһŵǧ𣬴Ͻ֮λɽ̱گŷḶ́Ǳ׷Ĵ˾
˸̥ӶЦҶһһߵߣЬĵ𰣬Ҷô꣬Σ㵱ңҲңԶҲҡ
ֻͷҶ֪һֻһҪ󡣡
Ҷ֣֪Ψһ̸ĳ롣
ۣһѵľ¼Ը㣬ҪŹġ
Ҷǲŵ۾¶Ц⣬Ȼֻá¼ҽһСǲ֪Ǻʦ̫ãǴ޿ɾҩ
ֻһ飬Զ޷ͻᲢۡòԸٶ࿴һۣԶҲġ
ҵȷⲻˣ֪ǵƤӵҲʲôҶ⿪ϵҰɣһῼŷŹǸСġ
ǳģûıӻһͯԼôþá
ǴóһϵύҶС
ⱾҳڵģȻȥƴһ飬ϾǰɫķġҶ²Ӧþ˵ĴĽơ
ССһһ֣ɽ˵ĿⶼۼⱾϣڵԴϢ·ʱΣ֮֮
Ҷ˵ĿùᣬֻһǿҵϢȷǻʵġ¼
ڴʱмҶĵ߽ɽһ˳һöԲ飬ɽɢӨĻԹ⣬ϣ޲TڵѾȡˡ
Ҷ̧֣öɫڵҲƯġ𰾪ؿҶȻû뵽Լ޲Tʵɱȡڵ
ҶһЦöڵ𰣬ΪҷѾûι޲TΪʲôֻһδҲ̫˷һЩСͨһ֧ڵƹ£ɹ̥ǡϧڽڶͨļ¼ȱȫֻС¼вļء
ЦΪͨҪ롶¼Ϊѵ𣿾ΪóȻ֮ȥڵױɣû޲ĶЦŷ
ҶǶ˵ı粵ȴ˿ԸܱҪȥԸǹ޴޲TҪõöࡣ
ҶһֻֿʼڰдģҪֱӿʼ롶¼ǩѪ޴ЩͲùľ֮ΪԼܣŻЩǿĹΪҲգǶ˵ٶҲ˷ѿࡣ
¸Աһϣǵô
ָһӣŷǿɽһ󾢷磬ֱӽ¸ƵڵأΪ˵ĴͲ¸󣿡
Ҳǹģ룬õˡ¼ϻԭϾͿ޵þϹ˭ҺΣҲͶ뵱ϽҲ׾٣Ҫף
˵ţسҶһ򢣬˵ҪлͶ¡ԭ˳˴Ǯͷ
粨ĵҶȴʼƽֻƫƫͷһֱкܶȡҵⲻʲôϡ¡
̧ʱȴЦҶֻҶϣûҵΪʲôôֵǮأ

ҹ꽥ڸ˵֮
׵Ľӳǵ⻮糺죬ʵѪֺܿ챻ˮˢɵɫۼ
ⳡɱͻȻб͵ǰ置δǱڽڵܿ춼īеİץɾȡ
սıǳߣᵽⳡҹѪϢ
еĲ̴սȥһկڵ
ʱڣʱֵĵһףſ˵ԳһĲ԰ס
ű׹⣬ñŮüĿڿһʱǸܵһֿ־壬ī衪㻹ţ
һô˲ôī΢΢̧ñܣ*ǿܿ봽ЦЦĻȡ
ڴ˿΢侲Щǵģī軹µȷԤ֮СѾûκϢȻ綼˵ǳ֮УʧñҲΣֽŮˣǲȥġ
Ȼ˵ҶͬеĻһµäŮʱҾͲµӦġ˵Թ޻Ǽʣ㻹Ǻһ𡣡
᣿Ҳϲʣ⡣īҡͷֻǾܾ˺ĺѡһ˶ѡʵ֤ȷҲңֵúĶ󡣡
ңһ𣿡һֳ棬صЦţбƳī裬ңͲҴҵˡ
Ĵָһʰ磬ҹ٣⣬۶ٴΣҶҵġ
ҵȷ©һţûڵɱ㡣ǺڻֲĻᡣ
ʣ̱ӳһ𻨣Ҷںδ
ɱҰɣī衣ὣֵĹƣʹɱңҲд𰸵ģͻҶڡ
ɱ㣿δҲ̫ˡԷȻäԤϡ
͵ػӶһ˲Ʒ̨ڵ棬Ӧһ˲˺ڰ֮С
ҹĻä˷˸ơ
⣬ΪҰģ̰ˡ
һŵʱ򣬰ǧС
л˵
ʱᱻдʱԼζŵ
˵±ʵǸɵxܸοҾֻǱȽܿذ
ѣܸοΪӶ
أʱ򵱶ΨҲͦõġ


183Ѱ֦
򻹺ãҵˡ
ڰֻеײļһ
ֻǿصֿīĽ棬ѾƸѪۡ
֪Լ֮īȻǹǰһۼ£ֻȽԼһ򾡡
ľΪңô踺أôǱıѵҪһ
ī޷ΪѰҶ䡣ֻҪԼֵ㹻ãҶһ֡
һνбƽգֻзִ룬ī輸ҧгݵҶȥ˺δ
Ƭ̵ʧ񣬻Ϊһοīʧ̬ģ
ʽײȥȻԷʺײϽʱת˽棬㻹ǲɱңǲǣ
īЦקס죬ΪװҾû취˿𣿡
˽֮ʱŶ룬ҹʪۣС㡪Ѱˣ´ȥ֧и˻
ī轫еʺ̴ҡӶָָ⣬κҶʡ
Ҷͳһ·Խľɽ룬˺ãɽĵؽĴѰҶīϰ
˳Ϣ򵥵ذʼĩ߸ī衣
ڻҵõǱнǸɽ𣿡īʡ
ԷæͷԵģһ·ӳרż˷λ˱ǡ
ã̳
īսζת⣬һĨŪЦܿϧҲҪΪˣ幫ӡ
Ȼ̱ڵ棬ҹꡣȻ᷸ôͼĴ
֮ǰDҶѡ˺ܺõȥأī˷ѿ࣬´ñĻ֮С
۶ٴΣ㶼ҡ

ҶķʣҶûش˿̵ע롶¼ǩѪ֮С
ֻҪΪˡ¼ˣоϹ置˭Ҳӣһжֿɵá
Ȩ֣ڿϲ֮еָ⴫ʹֻΪǩѪܵĴۡ
ѪķѾдϣָ⻹ԴԴϵѪհʹʱڲЩԡ
͵תͷɫƽ𰣬Ȿ鶯ʲôֽţˣ
ֻⱾѪ֮һƣⱾǩѪˣܷɶ
ˣųһⱾ飡
䣬ͿⱾڶطɫĻ棬ָͼȥ棬Ȿ鶼ƮڰվȻطš
Щûϰ¼ҵҲԺ˳ؼⱾĴڣ죬ֶβΪ˵ĶƽؿⱾ˷䱦ᱻճһѽڵĻҽĴֻĻǲٵֻһ飬һҿ˵Ҫ
Ҷ˫۳ѪŭĿŵѻҽ޸ԭĿܣ½Ƶķĥʹ಻˻ŵ˼˾Ȼֶξɱҡ
óոö޲TڵӲȥʱǵɽ𾢷磬ƷΧˡˣһ߳ȥ
¸󱾾ϣһӾͱƷڵأߵĻǰҪϵİȫȴǱҶֱסʺǵδܽ˻壬̱
ۼһĻ¸ߵĻ̷׷׺˼Ըѻʯ
ֻǹûҪΪ˹
һַֻˤڵصһȻǲ֪ʱѾҶŮ϶µظگı£ҿԾ㡣ֻҪ㸶һССĴۡ
¸ʱͶ·ۼҶǸӾȻ˶ɱȻץסһͷȻֻҪܾ±бﶼѡ
б䱣֤ҾͷˡҶζЦЦ֣ԶѩͥиӦһصС
ųʣɫˮ⡣
ѩͥӿҶȴֱס˽У㣬Ӭһû£ﶼ㣡
ƾʲôΪΪҰķµͲйأҶһ˵һ߸ŽûĵѪĴС
Ȼ޲Tڵʱһǹ룬ֻʹлǿ
ĽҶЩὣҶ֣ײɽм㲨ʯ׹£ҹֻĽɫ
ۼҶҶǣסɽڸ׷׳֣һʱҲ
ĶʬҲָӣǹ
̧ѵֵʬϮȴԼʦ㱻ɵĶʬ
ʦ㣡
һԷûлӦֻظŹĶֻ̾ϢһִʩڶʬϣԷҲʹһ㣬ֻҰްɱ˺ҧ
ѩͥὣһεֵסҶĹҶԸܵǴʹǰ޲Tµ˻ʹҶѾ˿ڣ½ˣͻۿɼٶȿʼϡ
½Ƶķĥʹ಻ֻܿزϽ
ۼ˿ڴĶǷڵѪҶСĵضţһһ˵˶ѨԵʯڡ
޿֮ʱֻ̧׼ˮһ
ҶԾ׼͵ؽʱȴȻסĽףϸûɶʵʵ˺ͻȻĶͣƬ̡
ȥ̽ԴҶץסĿյ̰νﴦλá
ѩͥһͱĸǻʱҲһͬʱԺ󱳽ͱ˸Դһĵľ˸飬ڵѪֹ
Ҷȥ鿴صҶִֻһˡ
ʱҹѹֵһҹľͣЪɽǡ
Ǿһ棬Ⱦİ¶ˮմʪοƬˮۣ°ڴմֱѪοɫۼɽǺµʬ壬ĽѪ
ѵ¶Ǳģ
Ϊڵ龰īֻԼȥÿ˵ĺ
ֲţһһٵػ֣Ҷ
ڡ
Ҷס֣īһָڲ
ѵһ׹ڵأֻסҶ֣볾
纣ץסľҵ֦סֵֻʱļڰ
ڣҵˡ
л˵
Ϲʮڿ츴ˣװī衣
űԹ˵дocȦǸ׷ԲᣬbվͿʼˣ
ǰⱾصȦԶǿȦīʱĵ˱ý廳ǲڰƯãʵʻλĽ


184ͬ
Ҫޡ
īĸϵڵķһսĻ
ۼҶʧܣӵȻҲɢ׷־ܡ
¸վߵӰȻΧ˲Ʋ硣£±имǲ֪Ҫ
ڴҶҶͷĵɨ¸һۣ²żֻǻҪ°һСæԻ˽ͻگ
ӵ˵Ȼǰ¸ĽǵģȴīЦڶϣôŪ
ɱǰԶٺõءҶΪ⣬ֻȥǣī֣¸Ҳϣ㸴Ҳָտɴˡ
ҵԺУȥ֮̾ܿʼ׼󷨣¾㱸
ֻȻضڶڴλãսбɱļʬʬ˵صڶڣʦҲ֮һ
ƤɲݣԷϢ۵ģվ˼
ʬӰСĵʣųϣʦʬǡ
˰ɣҲǸһյͷȥʦĿȫǵģ
ǡӰӦ˱̧׼һȥ𻯡
ʬ屻̧ʱһʲ׹طԽ졣
һƾɵ׹볾ڳ˸׹âģиӦһ㣬ඣ졣
Գʰö£ģĬĦĻơĿⱻˮģϡ

ȵٺڻصʥʱѾΧۡյĵ⽣ӰŪĻ̻̣ڿù뱻ذΧҶʱ˶֪ⳡµĽڶĻ
ֻаȺŬصŽţĿ˿ϴеÿһˡ
ȻӿͷĩβûпڴǸӰ
⼸λأȥãҵҪȫ̶֪ǽгһࡣ
һȻ׷̽Ŀ⿴Ҷ˽
𰿴Ŀ䣬Թ絶аݺϣҶܶҪǧУڣҸ⡣ͷ϶ԷԹ޵Ŀ⣬ŰɣûıӦ
īҶڸһ£¸Ҵ뿪Χ۵ĵҲ׷ǲɢټĹ㳡һʱտյֻаĻԭصȴ𰡣
ÿеĿ⿴𰣬ڴԷҪ˵ǸԼµĴ𰸡
ֻ˺ƣһһߵߣö嶼˰С
ɵŮССģٿȻз紵
ͬᡣ
Բ𡣡
ԼǸ
ǰԼĸȥ磬ԼĵڶĸףԼĽ㡣ĸæڸʱͻԼæչˡ
ʵǽгϣ޶Ͼʱ䣬ڴʱҲڳտ̵Լ
ٵǸǸԼȥǸȥֲȥԼʲô
ǽ̵ԼҲ仰᳹ʼգһֱǽڿҵǸˡ
ǸԶվԼǰĽ㣬˿ȴ޴һˣֻܲϵԼظǸ
֣ȥᡣڶԷ涵ۼ䣬һöġ
Ҫޣ㡣ѹġ

Ȼ޴ĴҲ֪ԼѾͷ
¸廨ڷ䣬ʶԼֻǰ׵󡣡㾿Ҫʲôֱͬ˵ǱеģԸ㡣
Ҷ£һֳ϶µĸ·ģҪһеĶ£º׽
ҶñޣЦʱǹǣչǳɫͫճ۵һɫ
ƫƫȴ¸亹ֱðȻԷž͵Ҫһ˫۾ѡ
ʲôжѣ¸󼱵Ҫϵ۾֮ף˵͸
ôɱǶӻ裬Ҳûʲôáگռ࣬置̣㶼ӶǾͲô˵أЦطʣƺ¸⾪ֵģҲȤζ
αԣ˷ѿࡣ֪¸ɣҲǰԼΣֱӳڷڶҶϰҪĲ϶㣬ȵ֮󣬾Ϳ׼Ϊһ¡
¸󱾾˴̼һ͸Ϊ˹һ˲˹ȥ
׼ֻȡ۾һԲīڿڡ
ҶֻЦޱ鷢ãô˾ʲô߼
㽫˫۾ŪˣٴͻȥǸگ˷ѵĽڣҪϽ˵бҲԵպϽ档ī轫Լޱߵģ
̴ľȻŨȻҶԼߣޣ԰ĸ߼ǣ
置ƶɽ֮ʲôҲпԭ֮ǰʹַԸô֮֮ͺáǲ©˶㼸ŵˡ
ˣͷҪȥˡҶ̾Ҳ֪ī˵ò¸һ̫Ҳպ£ϽĿơ
¹ѫպգ£Ҳʷᣬһ˵΢ƫͷʣȴҶһָڶͷϴ˻
Ůһ˵ŷеƯǲҪ˻ˡ
ǸλһЩڴ˿ɫŶ룬һЦԼλɽôæҲΪС㸴һ³
Ҷ¹̴ôû˵ȻҶһ¡
⴦кӿɰƽλۺ󣬶ͬ⽫Ѫнܾ֮ʹýѡ
һԵѪءʱɫüĵʹǳܹܣ˱Ѫоͻᵱ˵ȥҲһֽѡҶһֱ׷߹Ϊ˲ϧýҩʹýڷö޲Tڵ󷴶쳣ǿܾ֮ҲȥֻѪҹϢĥ
ĳ̶ֳ˵б
ĲҶкˣСȥ׼һ¡ϵֽһ򢣬ֻһīٳ󷨵ķ죬ò˶ٲϡ
Ӧһùֽ׼ϡ
Ŀīϣͬȥ׼ʩ
ȥɡҶī֣ʾҡ
˲īֹջ飬뿪˷䡣
ĿŶ뿪ټķڿտյֻһˡ
ҶУƣЮʹ˳ӿ⼸µľ˵ʹӵ֫ٺǰҲʼģ
ʶоʺһȣ潦ɫѪ÷
л˵
һ¾ܸ
ԤⱾ黹߰ʮɣȻҲͦࡾȷʵܶࡿܵ˵Ѿºˡ
ҵľѿеһŬ
һȿŮɽҪȨ⣬ƾɽԼķҪ


185
ν࣬ĺƽҶƽֺ
´תƻ
˯õʱ䣬ʱĴУչʶͣһ˱˿ʡ
Ŀ⻷ˣŵһᣬһͷڷ䣬ڴɢ٣ݵչ̽
ҶЦЦסһµĳܵ˿˲Ū˽鷴ϥϣת
ˣ
ᣬǶյѩա
ȴתһ̣չʧɫͣͣΨһ˫ڰ׷ӰǺʡ
Ŀԣ˫û˵ҶֻֽմԼ˼֣Էؿüۡ
չ⽫˳Ũܵ۽޵ȾƣīֻѱصͷøԼüۡĿѵᣬﲻɢɫҲڻ۲
ܿ𣿡˸Զ׼⡣
īָ֣Լ۾ǰָ󷨣Ȼһʧġ
ۼĿ볣죬Ҷŷһ˶ã
աīЩεؿѾ㿴ˣֻһЩ඾µˣ޴󰭣վͺá
԰ջǲвʣ͸˵ŵģ¡
ʱֻЩʹ㸴һ£ҲûзϡīԽԽε񣬻Ǿۣת˻⣬Ŀ⣬֣ʲô𣿡
ԼŹ죬ƺȷڽʲô͵ǵ䡣
īֻɨ۴⣬νļλ䣬ȻǽһһĴ¡
Ҷ˴ȻԵ֮λڽһ谭һλѾãҲٵ¡
ԭųϵϲ¡ҶЦŰԼ󣬡ѵõǵ䣬ôҲȥ
īԽ߷ϣֵķ·ҲžϷǧضѩҲǽˣνĴȻҲ壬벻޷Ҳڣָ˭չأ
ҲʲôҪˣտͺáѵõǵ䣬˾ͲˡҶȻõעĿƽᡪī£Ȼǿĵģո˵ģҲЩΥĵĿ׻ֻڴڴīܸԸԼߵĻش
õĳĬīڽԼϥϵʰ𣬷ŵһԵ鰸ϡ
̨´̣ǾӰɼˮʮɣȴ˷ǡī軺ڣؿ֮գһЩ˴˾ԶҶҲԼٽվˡûŵǼգҺܵǡʱˣν࣬νĺƽνٻ»ﶼ㰲ϲַֺ
ٻԼǼеļ尾̿ڴ˿Ҳȼɵشʹ˵ʱɫҲʼƽģֻ̧ʱҶſ۵׷Ĳ⡣
˵̴꣬ľİҶסͷļҲģʲô۾Ҫˡ
ī̾Ϣرס
ٿȻ綯䴰ӻꡣ
úīŷſôһſɬζҩͶǰ£ûȫȺҩɣ
ҶֻīŰ״֣ī죬Ҩһҩ֭촽¶ȣ¶ȸպãҲ̣ٷžˡ
˭֪ԷƫͷǰջԵʱôȵҩ
īŷʲô⣬üͷ΢ֱӱ㽫ҩϣȻˣԼҩɣ¡ĪСһ㻹Ҫĥĥˡ
Ҷĥĥغһҩ̧ɨһȦΧǰأô
īӹտյҩյǰȥλĵȥˡ
šҶӦһȻѾ˳λ置Ҳòˣôţ
뾩£ٵʱ䣬ǰɸ֮£׼ؾɡ
һ뵽λؾҪھεѺһԳƵϾŵľϲҶ̲סЦҲãӦв˺ڴټҰɡһ£˵ţϸ۲īɫҪô
ҲǸ紦˰ɡǰھʱ©һӻ˷˵¶ˣīһֱɵ
ҶбڴϣһīķңҰģ󷭳˶ķˣֻɱˣ̫ˣ
´Σīƽʡ
ؾǣٴҲɱӺЩĵ˻ڳ롣֮߻ڻ˷Ϊ߻뷴ۣͬʱ߻ҲѪѴҶһ˵һ߹۲īɫ
ܻģֻǲһҪѡֶΡҪ٣ΪȻī裬һ۾
ʱīüվûж飬ֻʣǻҪٶһʱ䣿һʲôô죿
ֽŽˣˣҶһֳǣƫͷ
ҲãҲõлˣǱµİɡ
ڽ̸ʱ˻뷿䡣
СѾô޴󰭡
Ѿ˼λ𰣬Ϸδüȥζ졣ڿҶѾʱ¶ϲɫ
ǵѾôŽһ˳īѵ¶Ц⣬ʾλ¡
ܼν֮λλĶ飬ûŶһ£СҲΪ˰ʥµˣʲô⣬Ѱ
Ž˿ҲǵΡֻϧ¼һ鱻ٵˡ
޷ģںǰ˾ʥѾҪⱾˡ˴ΪֻԸ置ԭعںã馡ɫϿңܿĸм˵İ
ҶһЦŽдԸٺòȻؾԻɴ¡
ã֪λкΰţʲôҪλܿڱǡ
ûд󰭵ĻձҪ׼Ȼӣ׼ǰĸһ¡ī˵ţ࿴󣬡ǰںδ
ڡӦһθ֡
ǰھͺãѾسŵҲԼ𰳤ϼλôֻʣһ£*һˡīһƽģº͵Ԥ̣Ҫͬһͬȥˡ
֪ȥ˵ôࡣҵȻƲϺãֻһ仰󣬾ת⡣
յӻã׻۴ݱ¡ŨҵĻܻӳǵľɫҶյĻ㲻֪ƣʢţԶʢԶïԶ֪Ϊ㡣
л˵
´̣ǾӰ½Ρ԰һ
ڸˣ̫ѵˡ
ĳ˵ĳЩϣīǲҶġ
۷һ£ԶҵһŮԽдԽ衿


186
ϲʱ䣬Ԥ붼Ҫࡣ
׺ɣתơ
īĳȥһ·ҿѾȻ֮ͬСת۰Ȼеİ
ע⵽ȻɫīʣǰǹĽˣ
īԺ࣬ü۶˼Ц⡣
Цʱմˡ
˫Ȼͬīɫ۾ŬסԼ˼𰷲˼ǳ죬ܽν֮λȻοġ֮վģҵٶ࣬кã
ǰԻٺòīеȹٿȻлƮ복ڡ
Ȼס仨ϸ꣬ӳҪˡ
Ҳһ򳵴⣬Ҷ࣬ꡣ
վֻصԶϤĵط

ĺѾոĴſڵȺá
īĳݹʱδü³վȣĺӭס֣˫˸ϸ
ۼ˫ۺڰ׷峺һǰЦӳԼģڷյʱڵˣã۾ûд󰭣Ҿͷˡ
һжáīԼϸƺ˲ǰڣ˲
Ǿͺáĺŷջ֣īңܿʶ˶Էݣһ񣬡ǰ
ҵȻһ۾Ƴĺô֮ľż
ĺüͷ΢û뵽Էֻ˶̵ʱͿƽػӦǣǰ
˭֪ĺḻıȴǱζôḻЩо
ĺ볣죬Ҳҵˡī費ԸΪĺ䣬һԵ
볣죿ҹ𴽽ǣֻĺ䣬Ŀȴӣһľżһ붮ϲŭֶʧȥʹô
ոĴſǰϵĸۡڶǰĴбճɻҽڵĲһ̵ķƷЩʻҲΪ˿ҳ־䡣
ĺɫɱ뵽Ȼʧưǰ֣նޡ
ǰôҾüȻ˼һ⣬Ҫȥ鰮ġ
ֻؿĺ䣬תī裬ȥɡ
ֲһˣ˶˳ܡ
ǡīʾɽȥǰ롣

ͬйլԺȣһܣѾвͬۡǶ޹𣿡
ʮǰӳǳҹۡڷؽġ
ī˵ʱɫƽһ̾һٶഥ¡
Ƭֵû𲨼Ǻʹǰһ
ҿɽּһʢԶȥӳɻ׻۵̺һеʢ
ǸҲǣ߹꣬ƬƬ䵯һ˼
ٿһȻѩ
ɲľȻȴ˷ǡ
ջЩԶ˼ī貽֣׷մıҡ
ʯſϣϢ
ȴѾȥһſ˶ҹ飬̵ֻıǴĿ޺졣һ߽ɽֻ壬Ųȴڷߵǰ˶ʱסͨڱǰ
ԧϷˮĽŮӴӵԣһ۽ɰ룬ü۷绪ޣһģһ
ҵĿֻͣһϡ
ڱŮŷ£米ɫӳһɫʹǷ̺һüۡ

꣬ټգغһ
еķŭɣʣʣڼʱ߽⡣
ҸоԼᴹȴҲûᡣҪգָȴֻͽ͵ش塣ߣȴѾ
ΪѾģļ䳱ˮ㾡ӿͷûա
Цòǻ㣬ָʱȴУʱ飬
һֱǵһ置Ů洴ǰչһЦһ˫ͫһ۷绪ޣ޹⣬ꡣ
˵Ըͬġ
ֻڱǰȥ׼õɣͬһڴ˵ص㡣
ī֪Ҫദʱ䣬Ҳûжԣֻǰ뿪˴˵ء
ī뿪ټıˣҰڴߣܴմ麵٣ȴġĶڴǰҲΡ
ҹ鷺䣬Լţ·ʱҲѾͣ͡մüˡ
Ҳáǰ˵ɽӰȥѰһԴֻˡ
ڣֻˡ

ȵīæϴصʱȴůƵ䣬ҶԿڴ߷һᣬڿīʱ¶Ц⣬ԱߵĿλ
һû㣬æôô
īԱ£ȥ׼ϣ˺ܶʱ䡣ôϢˡ
ǰأûлش𣬶ʵ
ںɽ˵Ծһī΢¶һ㼫ǳꡣ
ҶҲ֪ڱҵɣûм⣬мҪ㣬
ʲôīؿҶóһľС
Ҷ̴ľеۣһڽС
ɫף̳ذľܽʢҶСĵóӣڵƹӳ£ӵɫɰۣǳ죬ľܽһ䣬ѩƳϼ
һֱǵŵһֱľܽ㿴ϧţסɱϵĵֻ֧ӣԸ鳤ãϦ
ӵݵīǰɫůε·һƬԺ
ī貢ûԼɫı仯ɲٵϲ䵭¶Цʱƴѩڡ
ԭһֱǵá
û̽ӹֻעҶƺãڿڡ
ܾرܹΣʵ޹أֻҾֵøõˡ֣Ҷޱ鷢ҵ״ҵԱݣͬһ֮󶼻š
ڿմңʹ˴మҲᱻŪ꺬ʱһ㡣
˵ţҶӣ۲ǧ˵ݡ
ǧˣƼ֪ټ¡࣬ġ
һüޣһƬëļ䡣
ҶʶԼϲʱ䣬ΪģҪࡣ
Ҳ룬ٴˡ
Ҷһҹ꣬ٿȻڴʱڵļǳǳ
л˵
ǸǸһ㡣
ȥæһ¸Ԥգɽ󡷵·İѾˣǹĽݽĹ£ȻڷϿ쭣ȤıҲղһ£


187
ֻҹ˯ȥոպױ
ΪʲôҪޣ
ƼҶۿīΣֻȥᡣ
ûСҶæزᣬͷֻǾãƺһ˺ܾáһЩͺˡ
ôҾô˿áī跴ЦŴñ念ҲŸվࡣ
Ҷͷס䣬ǣ˿Ҳܺá
ҹõðŽҶƬ졣
ī֫ϸӯӯһգܸܵ󳤷ԡʪˮ
ҶŴȴ΢ĴУǴʪҹϢȴȵģĿҲ£ķΧҲ
˶Ĵ齼䣬Ҷ֮䣬Щ΢⡣
ī̧ʱ˵վ֮䣬۵οһӨĲ⡣
׽īһֻԼϣʲôʱϲҵģ
ī΢Ҫô
Ҷ˼һ£Ǻɡ
īЦŵĶͷǾµҵܰɣ¡
ðɡҶջ뷨ǵĻǡ
һ˲䣬īĿƹҶɫƺ¹ⲢУֻҹںĻϡ
ջ˼ս˶ϣ˳ƽסӵӰͶɫ
˳Ҳ֮ںУҹ꣬մʪ۽ǡ
󻺻أظǳ֮

һҹڶҶתʱεδ
ʶȥѰ˵ڣȴīѾſڴߣŴⳡꡣ
峿Ŀʪ󣬻Щ⣬ȴֻɿ˼һͷڷżޣԼƼϸĺѩɫϣƺ÷ѩ
ҶסԼůƫļôôҲ˯
ˣҽջҪȥǰʩչ֮ī￿˿ش𡣡ˣԼ˯
ҶӦһҲ֮ɫ峿ʱ䣬īӦҲȥô硣Ѿˡڿʲô
īֻʾͬԼһ⣬ĺĿãմһҹѹúĻʹذ׵ĺĻ䴹ڴǰˮӳŽۻǳ¶ޡ
滨ҹ£İ뺬ꡣĻúܺáī˵ţˣϻųʱ룬ŨܵĽëţ˫ǳɫ˫ֱͫ۵׵Цγ⡣
ƺգǳ̸ɽ
ЩʱڵĺҲȻʧɫ
ī费ЦЦ˸ƣһ֧Ļʢš
ʢ۵ŵЦ⡣
ֻǾã±ȺĻҪƯ
ҶȻӣ÷īѺĻޱߡ˳٩ʣռǱõô
ԷΪȻİϷմ麵֪ԼĸĸҲáȻ㻶ϲ㲻˷ѡҪȥʲô춯صĴµģϲҲһҪ
ҶԣЦŴս޽ǡ
һࡣ
ֱƽͣչƺ¶ͷī¶ɫ£鲻ˣҸȥǰˡ
˭֪˶Լ죬Ѿ´ױ̨ǰӣױ
ī޷Ҳֻױǰ£ҶԼԼ硣
ʯײˣҶѾԼױϸѡԼ͸ī֧췢
ˡ
ī迴žԼüۣʵ֮ǰϰַ۰׻ǺɫΣһȴҲʺϡ
ãȥˣ¡
ϣһж˳
Ҷעī뿪ȻӿֳһŨҵĲᣬĵȴʼƽġ
Ϊ֪ս

ī軹׼ʱ˺ɽңʱԿڱߣҲδ飬ֻǰűմ麰ߵ塣
ǰڴ˵شһҹôЩѯʡ
Ȼֻһ֪¶ȵ壬Ҳõڱ壬ī軹û뵽մߴ֮á
ɫƽǰĻܶ࣬ʱҲֻѰԶʧȥ֪ѰҲѵáĻǰʧȥˣҲˡ
ī迴ƽɫڸǵȻûж˵ʲôֻǰպҲԻӵġ
ֻǰؿմ麣ûлش
īҲֻ׼ʩеĲϣմɰʼűΧдġ
̧ۿдķģƳ췢õ۰ɫȻīԼķ񣬵ϸȥΪī輡ð𪣬Ǹ۵ɫ
΢һ룬Ҳ׷ʲô
þˣ
īִʵĶһ٣ɰıͣЩµдȥǡ
ҲãԼ˾Ҫġת룬ԼվѾûʲôȥĸ飬֮ԼҲδǸʲôð
ǣˣǰ˵ţкһԼЦ⣬֪ѵãҲԼΪڡ
ҲЦЦҲΪܹ쳤ؾã޳ɼǰյҪ
ǰڻлȥյ¡ī
ѾˣָɳվʲôҲûУܰסʲôأҿմ麵ĿȻ͸ңԶļ䡣
մǰȻѾϣϣܺúûŵġ
֪һԸġ˵ִߡۼī˷д˱ʣҲƽԼԱߵλã׼ˣʼɡ
īʳָһ˿ڣĶͷ徹ȻҲܵһ֮⣬īҲʼģƺҲȵ¶ڻڡ
ҵ𽥿ʼ͸ģڻһԭ塣
췽ס߾סۡѨһ⡣ûˡҷβΪչ췽
īı˸ŵļ䣬â磬Ϊһ塣
Ŀǧ˴ģϡ
Ǿڱڳ˯˰ۣüĿ飬۽ɰ룬ҵһģһ
īʩΪĴѯоΡ
ȴֻעմ麵壬еĴУֽǾϢӵ뻳С
ŴµŮӾӵ籵ϲɫ䰲ӵ·Ҫʱľͷ
һˮ䣬۽ǵɰ
һѪ
л˵
Ǹ֮ǰðһֱûõ˸¡[]


188չ
ȻҪˡ
īټʱڵڶյ
ջǿøⶌޣӳʤȻƮ䣬ҷֻɫȴʼǲ԰׵ģⴺյůڻ֡
īбյдǣѾڣżɽֱ׵ʣմ麵壬׼δ
û뵽ʵ⣬ò׼ģīŵǰ࣬Ҫںɽıܱ档
ҳĬӣûлش
ī֪Լû˵ҪĴ𰸣Ҳ֪ҪΣʣǰǾòף
ѾˣҲûٸĿܡۣȻˣҲһʬ塣˰ɡ
ָյеĲˮСмڣ置ϰֻ򲡻˲ŻᣬΪ
ߵŶѡˣɶҲѰˡֻض˼⣬ֺαضôһ߿տҲʬ˵ʱͷһۣշ仨׹ڳ֮С
īȻҲ֮ұ⼸ҵȷʸմʬˣǰ뷨ǡ
ҿʱɬɳƣǼᶨǰԼòȻҲԸ⿴Լ帯볾ǻ˰ɡ
īע⵽ԴӸҲûд̫۵Ĵ£ǽŽ˼Լ·š
ذ׵Ѵϣһǡõɥ

˵ұī˼±׵ˣŵӦǵϣˮ
īںɽѰ˴յ׼÷õĲϣѾմ麵ǰؽ˷õĸ̨
īʣٿһô
αؽߵִߡѾ¸̨ޱ顣
̨մ麺¶ߣɫ꣬·ֻǻԣСƬ̡
ȴջԼĿ⣬ʾ˵
֬ľһյü¶趯Ļ⽫̨г˯˾ڣմ麵ٿУֻܿŤɫ
ʹЩҲܸܵյ¶ȣīǲٿȥֻɫջĿ⿴еҳֻоֽϵ־䶼һƬģīۡ
ʼɫƽעƬ𺣣紵·ɣ·𼴽˻ķɶꡪȴվһ
ôڿޣҶɤڶϣ֪ʱѾīߣȥᣬϱˮʪҳ
ŵζôīûлش𣬶ʡ
ҶͷȷҲŵǹĻ㣬ЩʢĻľһֻ˶Ϣ㣬ȻС
ī¿ƬյĻ𺣣ζΪմ麵ʬڷգΪ˱Լ󲻸ȻǰͿʼҩҩʹࡣ
̬ȥأ֪ԼѲٸҸһ£ڵʱˮ¡īᣬ߽֪ҶֻԼ
ôҾûʱմǰƶǰиһգԲϣټʱܿԼѾһˡҶƬ̣ǰο
粻֪˾θ룬ǿŪˡ˶ⷺصĿɬīػؾ׽֣ɫȻ
֪Ϊմ̾뵽˸ԶĶ
治֪ƣȼţֱĺѪĲ»Ϩ
ķδɢȥڴʢ£ֻзõĸ̨һƬڡ
ǰȻ˯Ůɫļ¶ѾҽΨ²ѪɫһɭȻİ׹ǣʢįֿɲ
ΪգĺΪݹǡ
һֱԱ߰עһĻ˿Զң˵Щʲôȴֻվմ麵ĹǺǰ
üһ統మȴһ۰׹ǡ
հ׹ǡ
ȻһԲ˷պĽңֱӳ˼õĹת뿪
ǰֻһ䣬˻ճɻңԼ˵ˡ
īȴҲֻõעŲµ߿ݹǣһ뿪ˣҲغᣬҵʬճɻңںɽĸ¹ڣԾͺá
Ҷֻסֱ۲ԾҪѪЩɳƣΪʲôҪ˵ֻԺͬҺᶼԸô
ֻǣ¸óġҲһֱŲ¡ī谲Եס֣᲻õĻҵĺŵҲǺõġ
ˣˣҪ˵ֻ˺ôⶼǺԶˡ
áԸͬѨҲһҸ¡
Ҷͷļ÷ܰЩڴ˿ī̸۰֮£Ųմ麵İ׹ǣܵһõȻصѹͷ

ī貢뿪󾿾ȥЩʲôֻ֪һĵһҹ
Σ置Ҳһ䣬ҵĽҲ˳ɣǷ粨ӿҶվܾ뾩ǡ
񳾰䶨īҶʰװ׼ī٣ǰȥҴǱ
ոӰڻȼƬٻ£׵ؾѰҵӰ
ǰīԶĵط
ҵ̧ۿл˵ɡ
ǰеģҪ׼ؾˡʼնһº̬ҿ⸱ģȴζΪʵӰӰ´մ麵
ۼ޶ԣī赭һЦǰǲ׼ͬһ·ˡ
Ҫһ·ҶԾЩӬӪûȤ˻һһȻȼơ
Ǵ置סһʱ䣿
Щشۣν֮λҲģطҲ˲ұߣ׺ɣúúÿڵĺɽˡ
īЦºͣǰԼдòӣʱΪҪѰ볿ռī˵һáˣֻһ¡˵ţóһɵ̴ľзߣմ麵Ĺǻҡ
ڿߵ̴ľУòֻ˵˾á
īתʱڿڣϣ쳣ܸӦ
ãǰպټ
ۼǰӰʧڻҶ䣬Ҳڴߵ̴ľУϸĳҡ
ôӰҲгҡ
ų֣ЩǻŴ类Զ
ȡ֧ǵѣĦ԰׵ĵĥϸ⻬׺ٻҶɭɭ׹ҲԳ֮С
ߣƾż䣬ǰͩľ˿ٵ
׺ȴȻ
Ը˫ɺ裬겻롣
ԸţվС
մ麣ȻҪˡ
л˵
ǸxմһԻһţлպϷ⡣
ˣʹ˿be
ңʹ˿̫ůĴûŤһŮͬ
˾ҪĹͷӰ
մһԵĹ˼Ҫȹ֣Էͦһġ
˵ҪʵǶθʧĵأϣմѾȥƽϲ֡
ôҲȻ


189֬
˾λã˭
Ҷھǵڣӿ
Ⱥ׵˼һʼΪҶ뿪ʲôֶΣʶŮ˵ȷѾ뿪Ǻʱ֮Уغ*
ϧĳû£ͱصϡ
Ҷ뿪ʱȻûд񣬶ǽЩ˸ߵ۶˵ЩӦıְڿʱǱƣͣŷģſ˼͸ͷǣæӵһߡ
Ҷ뿪ʱڣȷ˼ϲڰĺɹ֮һ
Ȼٹ⣬ڻλϵǷǽ࣬ĻҪôҶ˸ֽڲҪôܵļ¡
۳ã䶼ףһ˸ȥǿɱ
˿ãαͬ뻢ıƤ
ϧ置ȥϢϢȴҶسѶϢ
⣬˵ĵȴҶֽôҡڵػؾˡ
ͷĻֻԼ

Ҷؾһ°ŵø͵ڻصīٺֻ΢װ빬ʥ
ˮͭ¯Ԫڽ̻ԻһգϵҲǸִٵģ
ҶȻűв裬ݵؿƮĿ⡣
ʵλؾ˵͵뿪ξЩ̥ڱЩСȻҲҪڹʱúñ޲ǡ
ܴѾŴļ˾ٹٶ֪īһѾվߣȻ֪˭顣
ϧī˵ʧһõӣϲ⣬ҪȥԼ¡
Ҷ޷Ҳֻȥ뾩˷ֵīֻ͵ؾ֪ҪȥЩʲô
͵͵ҶܿϧԳɽΣص置ҲȻ彡ȫ˵ĺۼҲ෴۵ʼ־ڱصõЦݡ
־һ飬һעﴹ
ڨڨǶѸʵۣⶼǽձȽҪӣ뻹ҪĿһΡ
˵ҶҲ֪ѶڴֻЦЦЩǶ˴ֱӽǶȥϾʱ䲻ˣطҪȵȻ¶ѾˣЩʱ㿴
ãáһ£֮ǰ˵ļ˾һְѾ˴ּ࣬ҲʵǼ¡֮ǰȥѰͨ׾ʿѾ˽ҪҪһһ˵ţһСĵشҶ顣
Ҷɫڼر仯һ˲вīѲһˣִҪԼؾϢȷһȷľȻԼͲһĻϷˡ
ˣȻ˶Ѱˣвĵ֪ǺηʥҶҲֱӣܸȤģ
Ů뺬Ԫһŵ۵ˣ޷ѩףɫҲᣬֿȥȷмɷǣƷ˵ķˡ
ۺɽƹӶ֮꣬ꡣǵѰ£ø˳ɽ
񣬶Ҷ񣬡££Ը꣬ǧꡣ
ҶĿɨһԳ֮޶ȤҲѾ䣬ȥЩ׾ӵֶΣЦʣ֪ۺ͵Ӷ꣬ͻȻԸɽ
ۺһзƶһԸ£һżɽ죬ñµʹãƶ룬ԣУԸɽһԾౡ֮
ĿɼĴмֻǼ˾λã˭ġҪ֤ʤأҶ̬ЩʵؿߣĶڵڵĺԪڿνǴ󲻾ΪʼǸüۺЦ̬ټĵֻǴֻƽǶʯɫʯҵĹ
ȻۺͶҶ׼˳ҶƶΪ²һԣֻҪƶһ۵µࡣ
ԡҶӦóϵˬ죬ֱŹۺԼ֡
ۼŮ˴˿ƺ޷֣ۺǿڸסĵļһһҶǰ׼ۿࡣ
׼סҶֵһ˲䣬ֻȴһ˲סǣ֮ԼֻҪҪͻԥԼ
Ҷ̯ģΪǴʹжϲ
λ˽̹Ȱһûȥ˵࣬ǿĴֲڵƤ뻢ڴϼ룬һЦ⣬ƶ̶ǳȻֹôΣʹûΪԼһô
ۺ;ֵ̧ۣҶ߶ϣǴϵöʯչ͸覣ӳ˫ɫΣա
ʶˣ˿߬Լǵֻ֣޳ڴһ㱡롪ͬԼһһֻս֡
ΪԼһԣӦû֪սɥڴˡҶЦظס󣬹ټĹžҲ밧һѷźذѵ׹ء
ʱŮľҪݣҶȴ̧ʾⲻؾ
ɿ֣ʰöذ׷ڰ棬ذףǷ滹Ϳ˾綾ҪǱذ˵Ҫɥڴ˰ɡۺ͵ȻһҲ㲻ô
ҶתλŵôľѣƲϲŭѰλˮƽʵôԼڶ㲻
޲֪޲֪ͱһĻŵôһƬհףƼģΪǸмͨĵˣֻҪܽμ˾λòλҶоС
˭֪˭֪ȻǸںԪд̵Ĵ̿ͣ
ѼеҶţƼģĲ֪⾹Ȼһ̿ͣ
Ҷ̴̧֣ӵ£ټĹֻѶˡ
ţţΪ⿴ȥҶûӰڣԷ顣дŸνͣҶڡ
ѡҶһֱ֣ǰΣҲӣǰͬ˵˾λò˭ЩˣīᲢۣ۽λá
ǻҪպһ£Ϊѡ
ߵϣעҶ뿪̻Ի͵ĹϦɫȹ̳£·׹ػѪ
л˵
ȻǷȽʺ


190·;
ҵ˽⣬Ҷ֪Ķࡣ
ĩĳʱ䣬īٳ繵ʱڣҶδļȣһжõᡣ
ϧȴղηչĵֳʪֻмյ΢
ӵη򿪳صţͨƣص׹Ѻطη
ذǵصΨһɫѩ㴹£Ȼͣηֱ۰׳ǰ
̬Ϊǰηǰĵ¡
˴쾪һ̶ˮηӰ̧ͷˡ
İĵڣֻ˫ڰ׷ӣ谵ĵص׸롣
δֻǸӵĿԱ
ī裬ͬȥ置ȻΪ۾ڿīѾ˫ʱѾȻһС
ǡڵĿǣѪīΪʣֻȵǣѬܹһ˵ԭ㶯֣ʱûйԸ㣬Լײġ
ī迴ֻܹηڵһ䣬ҶӦǷϵľ¶ˣƺӣȥӦûʲôĥ
ȻҶҲûôģ֮ụ̂Ϊ쿴ȥйԶѡ
֪Լ֮ҶĴҲ档
ֻǰʱԷǺεȵķ⣬˵һˣҲǽѣԼ֮𡣿ɼ壬һŲ̽䣬Ҷҡ
Լ´壬ȻϵҲ޻˵ҡͷЦһȴֺȻضΪʲôҪأŵʲôƾԸ˫۾
Ҳܡ
⡣īɫЩƣͬ˵ľ˾ƾʲôǾã˶ÿ㣬˶ܾܾ㣬˶ΧתҾܾΣ㶼Է硣
Ϊߣп˶ǸʣҲûҪʲô
ʲôôѵĶҸôǱʲôһ㣬ࡣҴǰŵߵδߵλö㡣
ôīֱӵشʣ⣬ҲȱҲҪȨơ֪ҪʲôȴһԸȥ˵ңֻΪŵĸס
εĳĬھ㾹Ȼ֪
ī¶һЦ⣬ƣҵ˽⣬Ҷ֪Ķࡣ
Ҷ˽⣬Ϊɱ㣬㲻˽ңҲδһ¡˵ţƳһ۵촰µһ⣬Ҳ޷ˣ⣬˲Ҫ˴⣬ҴУʵҲģֻڵһˡ
ҲǸѣʲôֵ̽ġЦһȻΪīܽ㡣
ôȹ򢣬īֻǰؿεڣƺڵȴʲô
ʯһ˲䣬īĴ㡣֮ҪվʣȴΪϵľصص棬ī裬ڶҶֶûкô
Ѿ̹ΡָĵĦϣֻɨһǱ׹صģ
ǵϵĹĸӴҲûǵжԡóȻֻ֣óĻ̡̻
īȫȻ޶ԣƽϵĸӴ󣬻ɱô
˵óȻ뷴Ȼ㲻óȻˡ
ĵںȻӵĽŲī蹴˹ǣƣҵȵˡ
ȫװʿѺżǰ˾ˣôκ˹һѺˡ
⣬ͬ۶ĶٴΣƺءſī¶һԳƲƵЦݣ¿ѹˡ
Ǽ˲ֵö࿴һֻۣһŴֲ·Ů˾ֲȴڸǲסĹīվԱߵĵյŮ˵ô˵أ𡣡
̧ͷŮüĿ˫ڰ׷۾ʱڸϵ𾪣˹һ㣬ī衪㻹ţ
źȻºҵȷšīЦش
ΪʲôҪѰҡѰ·޴ηڵ⿴һĻǰܵۡ
īƽյݸԱߵʾƵƣȻΪ˵εϢ黹лػأԲһҶ빬ڵʱΡ⣬DҶٵΪñڿƣÿζ޴Ϊ󣬾Ȼûгһǵһô
ī裬ݳ㶯ֻñʵѣҶͷöôҧī衣
ΪԸͷöҲҲֲҡҷûӰ￴Уֻһ˫纮ǰ壬֤֤ȷ䣬ĺɹᷴǼ϶Ҳ˵Ե
ī˵ĻӦ֤֮ǰ͢ԣǱѹţҪǧУȻȻǸһιĹһٶ꣡
ȹд͵죬ĴʹѾܵ˿ǻѪζ
Ҳ̫ϲôʡīջ棬ηǰⲽʤѩµ̫ҪֻΪ̺һ·ѡ
һһߵǰŨصӰͶ£̹ΡӦݿԸ棬ıɱٴΣҾͻǧжٴΡ
ī˵꣬ɫԵЩ룬棬ָĦεķ֡
Ҳֻߵʱ䣬ɳĬٶ۵ĵһһ١
ֱīߵЩʲôɫڻЩ
ҵĴ̿ͻǷЩ򣬿ϧҲû´ֲĻˡαϣ¶͵ػ˻֡
˼ҪѺ뿪˵ء
뿪ǰڶص䣬ƺǱ˭죬΢ȥ
Ͷʯӷƽ
֪ʱ˶ã˹ضһ̣һѾϵִʰִ۲͸ʸʺɫ鴮ǶĸɫʯִԺյݡ
ޱְסִպá
α˵ز΢͵͵
ͬ⣬ô޴룬δػ³ڵǴˡīȳһĿ⿴
ⲻ֪ЩʲôģĹ߿Զī衣
ī£ȾƺûıʣʹǵĵҲȻɡ
ˣ˫䵭ڲصȴǶĮ
ǰһʼ֪ˣͲ῿ˡ
ûô룬ҲҪ
վתȥٿϨֻʣޱ޼ʵĺڰ֡
֪һֱҾ㹻ˡ
л˵
µ׵İţϰҽԺȽæۡ
Ҳд˽֣ʵںܶǰɫճʱҲû뵽һ֡ͬнɫŵĸп
ηĵ֣ȻҲҪΪʧܸۡ
⻰۵ĳٺϷ
֮ǰңû°ҾϲһӾˮĲŮ˰ŮͬҪо񲡰
֮ңҷ˾񲡱̸
дС˵ʱʲôвģȵԼϾʵˡ
ܿϧС˵Ůٶֲ飬ǰûãڿʼоһλŮӦĺ۵ġ
С˵ŮڣžҺܰʵ˽鱨Զ뾫񲡡
ⱾûУģλŮϾܶǰ趨ʱҲͦ


191δȥ
֪ȴ̰
īʱҹɫѳۼմҹʪķ¶
Ҷɿǰػطһۣü΢֪Щʲô
Ķϵӣõôţīߵ£ȥŵüۡ
گġҶ͡ǻһʹ뾩
īԳһ˿󣬡¸ѾˣگǱôǻˣ
Ҷܻ䣬ֱӽ۵ݸǣҸջؾڳܹگ£û뵽ôǻˣⲻӶ͵ˡ
ʮگϵţѾûйٷ
īӹ۴ɨһݣҲѵò죬µǻگȻ¸ŮϪô
ҲԺѰ˰Σ¸ŮīŮȨһȻ޳ɼʲôûУҲƾԱŴϪȻĹ¸ȻҲûнλŮ뷨һǰֵܣȷλߡ
ܴһɱĺ
ǣ¸ѶƸմگͷɨ¸ֵѳǵǻˡǼֵʧٵʧ٣ŵҲѧˡ
īƫͷ㣬ʱ䣬¸һ뿪گıˣѸ١
ıɡҶεЦЦŸյǻʹҲ֮죬ԳԸ޺õگ顣
ϪһǴҶİţŽگһƿصĿܣ˭֪ʹѾ˾ǣ̬ȷŵ˹ٲگˡ
¸ͶҲδûƲīϸ۲گϵ۵ĳ´ʣؿʣʹѾҹô
ûӦʹûмҶش
īָдġ°ϣϵҪҲ֣¿ҪӦˡȥĵԭ࣬Ҳ֪ѲǸܡǳŵġʹ֪ǻˣʶҲġ
Գÿ곯ϣܻͨУȷǹֵҪ󡣡ҶӻۣЩ⡣Ǻ¸ǸˣһҰĵĴˡ
Ǵδһ£˾ƿأҲ֪ᱳ㴳ʲô֪ʲôʱʲô˫ڵζעٲԣ֮Ҫ£ɻӡ
īԵȷ²κ񣬲ûжǮϷ˱꣬گֵַȷٻྫҶӺϣרŷһߣǾԸɣټһʹ
گҶīճȥһ죬ֱŻȥʲôˣ
Էֻſߣ̧΢Ц⣬ص˭ȻǺģʵֱһ㣬ҽȥʲôǵĹϵҪô̽¡
ī˵ֱףҶЩ˼ؿһӡȥʲôˣôã
Լǵζ֪⾿˼ȻͲīӴ
ȥޣȻѾûмֵˡȥһˣ˳˼ѡīɫ̹ʧȥֵȻ޷зκβȻȵЩãǵȵˡ
Ҷעݵشóһʲ֮㿴˿ģǴѾѵĺִ
ʺɫ¸ۣŷĹâ·һ̲Ѫ
ϡǴִҶҲִӡ󣬱ϾýѪ解ɹ͢ɣںΪ⴮ͷȴʹ͸ʶִ㶯ˣ
ɱˣȻҲóīֻֽ棬죬ǣ֣ϸϸؼ˿ڡ
հŵĴɱ֮УֻΪ˲ݾߣĬⳡɱ⻹ǵҶ᲻ˡ
޷ģǸ̿û˵ҡҶԽ͡
ʲôͷô
û¾ˣȻҲʲôɽ޵ĵʿֻǸˣм书Ѱ̿͡ϧһνʹʵ̫ţͱҴסˡҶ̶ֳȵĴɱϣɱ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˶ʵѵŵûɢĸɸƵģȥӦò֪顣
ֶ׾ӣҲô뾩ʱ䣬ô˴⵱Ľ
ȻӦóģֱϵңĸ൱ӴδڱСķˡ
ҲΪݣҶǡ
ԵϵҶ֣ЩľԱŪǹǽЩʲôҲԸġ
ȨĸȻԽƽԽá
ʶһƣֻһʵĻ
ûֻǾ֣˽˶㷢ѡҶüơ
Ǿˣ̸ĴڣмĸҶҶ֣ī費Ϊ⣬ֻĵп棬Ƿ뷴֤֤ڣá˭Ǹ飬һһ
Ҷֻ֣ޱ߷˿ұЩ¡
˫ȣŰ̴ľǳ㡣
һʼֻϣīƽϲ֣ٲرЩصĶ
ʱī軹ŪȨڻʳû
Ҫȥģ£Щ²ƫͷշǰ˵Уϣ·̹ΪЩֵõͣ
ҡҷ˫ڰ׷Բ⣬·ǧ˵ݡ
Ҷȴһ˲ʧ񡪡øīô
֪صͷ죬һʱīӣȴֻǸסī촽
ͻȻīһʱû׼
¡δü˵ĻѾûڴݼ䣬󱳴ӲУѾߣ̴ľϸܶص£ĸй١
ӵĶҲƺҪѪ
ĦO@ϵĹҲ졣Ҷīڶϣ£Ҫһ㡣
ǵʱҪˡ
Ҷֻǽͷļͷҹɫ˵ϢƳΨд˿̲УνٻȨƣж̡
ֻǣߡ
л˵
ѾԼܰһЩռĿȫǵĹ
Ȿһ˵ĸ黹Խģѡһθõʲôֻʧȥʲôīǿǵ÷ǳŻӦġҲ뿪
ֹĺð
µ»ռΪ˵õҲĿȫ
㿴֪޷ҵõ㡣
Ǿȥȥ͵ȥƭȥ
ΪϲһҪõ
ֻxpʵط


192׹
һѪı
ҶؾϢֶߣֻ˶̶һգҰѾ֪ϢЩϢͨˣȻ֪˺Ԫǳ޴ĴɱԽյ糯Ȼֱһ̥ĺ硣
㷲Ѿ׼˿һϷ
յ糯ҶΪ硪ʱûʲô¡
߳һ۸ֶվ*λãǹһ㻡ȣЦȴ
гսսͬʺãҲֻЦһһӦҲ²׼ʲô˼
ȵ½½룬ۼ˷֣Ҷߵλǿŵġ
˽«ʲôҩʱ١
īٳǴյ峿л⣬˲ʩȻǣ졣
ذǻ֮ãһƬѩ÷㿪ɽۡ
Ŀбӵ̫ڣȫȻΧ˸ɫĿ⣬һһߵҶߣλͣ˽Ų
Ȼ
īڵĿĽģȻݶһǰһɫĮΪӹʩֺ۹⡣
ٴ۵ˣҲ֪Ҷʧ⼸ȥʲôѾʧµļ˾˿̰ȻسڳϣȻ˵ҶΪѰȥġ
еӴҪ֤һǲǼ˾ˣȥīڨ˾ˣþò
δˡԷʱɫǰ䣬ֻƣʾ˿ߴΡʱˡ
ӹ˾֣¹ٳ¼ݵ糯ࡪ
ڹ˵ĴӵΣ˫۸ףɫ㲣յĴɱ˲Сľš
¹ȺҶǸӰʱܵ˸ľţǵò̧֣ƽ
ڹصŮӵüʱѸǼڡ
ȻûīӴϤƾһʣѻжϳˡ
ôţ
ζҶһֱ֪īţװɵ㶣ʹԼѡμ˾Ҳװ̬ԼԽԽǼڸǲסɫĲ԰ס
Ҳһ۲žɫ
֪ʧѾõļ˾ػسãʹڵȵλʱ˾糯ĴҲ֮١ǾԼ˾ĬϾ˾һְǲ泯ġ
īֻվ󣬲Բ̬ҲѾˡ
ò˾糯Ҳ޺ͺ֪һһĻҲӶֻӲͷƤʵ
īֻǰЩʱȾ񼲣ֻ뿪īپ農ĵ˴ιʱ£ûлʥֻܽ糯
Ƿ֮ʣ׷ȥԼҲûкôʶȤûмٸʵףɻã
л¹ģһжá
ףʾࡣ
ڳ࣬·ҶһһӦԴѾϰߣϵĲһֻҪͷĿܣҴ¶ҪҶĿ
ѻеϿ·һһ͵ĹĶǣľֱҶȻһࡣ
һ㶣ɵؿҶʲô£ҶԼ˾αضһԼ
Էɫ࣬ҲֻܵͷҶ˵ɡ
ȥ置һˡҶУǵĵЦ⣬ζؿѡ
־żϸܵʸں󱳣ǿ򶨵ʣˣ
⡣Ҷһһٵص
һʯǧˡ
ȥ置گһʱ쿪ҪɱңϧղܡŵûĿɨӹˡѾнˡ
ҶʲôˣҲʡ͵ĵƣδһ£ҲζҶڳҰ޶֣˷Ҳƿء
ѵɫǾʣֻƵټϲ°֪Ҷδ
ɣıߵ٣壬Ůǧ
˶˳ĬûʱֻĻ̥˿ڵ˴¾ǲ̫Щ
Ҳ޷˴ȷý˾󡣡ҶЦ䣬˳ץЩ˳
޻Υֻܻ࣬ʾ˳
ڴθ˵ʱһ˲īĿԡǰ˾ӴĻ٣ԶҲ˽⡣ֻĿĶӣ˫Į۾￴˼Ц볰һѪ챨ĿС
ճյ̫ǹ߳Ľ̻Ի͡
ҫ۶Ŀ̽䣬վʶԼ̫Ѿˡ

Ľ֣ʵѾ϶ν˾ҲǸҶһͬĻᡣ
һƬѪȷ磬Ըߴ䵽̳̲ģѪӲ塣
˭֪ⲻǸĳǰ׼
ⱻѺ̳գе̳ǰˮйͨΧһһΧ۵ˡ˶ͬҲޣ뿴޵Ľɫ³
Χ۵Ⱥһ˽ɫ÷繣봺壬ȫȻûմȾ̳ϵѪۡ
ֻȤζؿ̨˱һһѪģҧһĹ⡣һʼסʹһһѪ⣬ڻǿƲסܵزҽٵ棬ҽеʼ΢
ϧȻܳժȷ֭ˮ棬ڻһعѵζ̨˲пһĻУҲһƽȤ
Ľݽ·һ㣬һ߳һ߿̨̣ҧһʱ̨ϲҲûϢ
֪Ǿ̵Ĺ̫ģǿе̫ѵ¶Ȥɫת۱ʧ˳֮С
߳ȺʱĽݽ¹΢һȺԵĴѰԼӰ
ڿʲôĽݽñɴͷôң̫վŸ
С㣬ڳˣǻȥɡۼڳˣ¹΢˿æ
šĽݽĲɵӦһ¹΢ɹʣɹڿ𣿡
һʣ¹΢žԼЩɣ˼صͷ
Ϊʲô棿ָŶԷһ档
ҿ𣿡Ͼ¹΢УǷĽݽˡ
ΪʲôСĽݽ͵ۣڲʱģôֳԲꡣȻ˵ܹѵˣӦûͦ𡣡
¹΢ӵóһҧһڣȷۣڸĽݽĽŲԷͻȻ˵ȥ֮󣬴˷֧ӣѰ·ɣ
ҧһڵڵأΪԼʲô£СΪʲô
Ҫ뿪ˣ㣬ҲһǲɢˡԷ̵ؽ͡
ΪʲôҪ뿪ǣ
ΪʲôȻΪյϢǰʧٽһļ˾Ѿͬͬ糯īϵ̬Զ׼ⳡĳԹҪĻ˭ⳡɱӮңѾԶ׼
ȻҲԼҪȥˡ
ûΪʲôȻһССŮʹ¡
ҪȥīУ¹΢ȻԸڴʱĽݽֵ𡣡߲ûչˣҸɣ
˫ɫȤζбҪȥκȷҪң
ô
Ľݽ˼˲Ƭ̾͸˴𰸣ֻǳذ¶ѣ˭ǸëѪҰضδлȻ
΢Ըͬȥ
ĽݽɨһԼЩʱյȷķΪ⣬·϶һҲ⡣ҲգҰɡ
Ȼİ·ֻ̫һͬīԤô
Ϊ˵ŶΣġ
Ͼī裬ƵˣҪһʹࡣ
л˵
һ֣Ϊһ˽µ˸¡
þòĽݳȻҲûʲô¾ˡ


193
֮λԶѪֹ
κʶ̳
صĴΪҹҲ˺⡣
ҹĵůǵƻֻͨߵյҡҷ紲޵غ
ذӺƴȫغţҲֻ졣
ʱӶգʲʱңٵò׵ǻӦԸҰĵĲ壬뽹ѹѾ޷ס
ʢذӺţԼߵĴ̫ࡣ
ʮĻ¹ٹߵߣ¡
̫
Ϊ֪ΪԼʱ޶࣬Ϊֱҹɫ
ҹټ̫ζʲôʢȻ֪ѯʣҪūȥҽ
̫ذӺֻŴ壬ǿظ
ǣūȥʢ֪·ͬСɣæСĵ뿪ĵ
ʢ뿪ĵСصĵɣԴʺڣ볯ӴԼʱ޶Ϣй¶ȥ
ذӺŴҹɫԵùڻԻ͵ĵҲ˱䡣
ȥ˳ٳδ顣
ˡ
Ӧ
ˡ
žȻ
Ŀ־ذӺ֧ص壬Ӵڣ
䣬ûѪѪҺɽߴϣһɲѪۡ
ӵĽŲůĴҲֱƿһʿڵ
ذӺɨһ۴ȺвϤףɹ£㣬Žָܵ𽻵ϣû뵽ȴ
ִеĽ쿴ԼľûҲûлӦ촽һ㼥Ц
»ĪҪѾˣ߳޲ɱɲʱĸ׿Ĭ˴¡˴ȺвЦǣüҴ˰̡
ļذڼʱذӺԾֻʹĵؿɹ£ĳͻ꣬һһϦܹ߳޲ӴҲǸʵ֮١ɹ£Ĺε˹᣿
ɹֻĵؽϵѪøɾҵѪӦ˭ȥѰأ
ذӺܾԼж屻Ͷ·ʱҰذڼЦŵ
ֻΪ㣡ذӺ֪ڻձȨɹ»ת⣬ĿܣҪԪڼԼֻ·һˡѪˣҲҪ뻢ıƤ
ɹ²͵ۣٱۡذڼ޶Ե̬ȣпϲˣҵĺֶʲô£ֻЩαԭ˲Ű˵ЩΨһŷģֻгܿܡУڡˡ
֣ʿһͷ­ǰ͸ЩģѪۣϳԼĴ̫ʢͷ­
ɱ
ǰǰɱʿϵͷ­Ѫϻ¹ǰ󾪿ֵɫϣ㻹ڵʲôأĺöյϢ㣿лˣʹǵƿ
ŭذӺվҪذڼ
ڵĲʹѾͿ壬ֻһ͵ڵء
󵶷ͻʺĿѪɫȾĴڹһ
̻ԻͼĴĿѪɫ׺
ذӺڵ棬˫۲ʵصɴһԹĿذڼ
ذڼֻһŲؿڣ˿ڴѪҺĴ罦ûϵģҵĺֶĻȪ·ҲµģĶŮЩʱҲ㡣
ذӺ˻Ż˵ЩʲôȴѾһͷ­ڵשϹš
˶һĻ޶ԣֻذڼ˷ɽѪۣתϣ޳˳ĴС
ʱ¸̨ڣڶԼλá
ҹذڼɹ·ʿѾ뿪ȥάʹڵֻǶ˻ĵԲߡ
ȵҪˣЩЧذӺĹ壬Ȼͻ֪ѾˡڵıɲԶԸǼҵĹ֡ɹüѯذڼǸ֣Щ֮͢¾ͷˡ
׼ǻ䣬ȵ糯ΣδǻڻʹΣЩ弴ʹҪҲҪʱټֵǻѳ˳ãռȻ
ǻұΪʱˣԭǲԪڼ²㻹ô
һЦˮĽŲڿտڣȻںԶλãת˲Ųڶϡ
ɹ̽ס˵ôʱϢȻûаֲ
ѾӶһ߿ذӺѾʬ壬Ѱ˴ɾλ¡
ذڼ֧õŮӣصɴۣĽݽôˣ
ŮɫȻȫȻûǧģһֻ򱱵ҹ亮һ硣ͻͣ;µü۵׺˻ȣڸЦЦΣյϢ
Ҳ͵Ѽ߷ô
ĽݽЦһһĿɨذڼһ̵ۣǻǿһ롣ϧϣ벻ȫȫʬ
Ǹ̵ǻѳֳƾʲôǻǸ˶֪ɱذӺ֧˷˳
Ľݽ̾ϢȻ֪Ԫڼɹç򣬵û뵽һ·çʹֱӹɱʵ²ߵķ
ҰֶжõĻλȻǺȹ̵ġתһЩҰ˳ڸֵҲʲôϡ£ȻȨǰԭҲδжɾܻӹ̵ġ
ڵĵ֮ȥ̫̫˵ذӺ򲡱УЩʲôˮõϣ֮޹ģɱ˻ʵۡذӺ̫ӲǼĻƿСڹιԭ꣬˽飬ֻּܷ̫̫ܲʱصǻ
̾˿Ϊذڼָ·
̫̫ذڼµˣıңұɱġ
̫̫ذӺʵĸذڼĸŴˡ
ܶ˻ű˸мֵĽݽεص
ҵĸԸң
Ľݽֱ޿ɾҩϣȥӡôܱڴԡ̬Ⱦҵ̬ȣּܲǻЩϲҷ㡣
ذڼ˵׼һ֧ȥ̫̫
ذڼҴ뿪ˣֻɹĽݽˡ
ɹذڼŮ˼ۣһȷʡ͵ĵơ
Ůˣ㵽Ҫʲôֽڵ׷ʵ
ĽݽʼȻϣȴоԼʹȵ
̫ĵˣȻгһջĵ¡
л˵
һ¡
һҲҪˣһĿվˣҲҪдˡ
Ȼ֪ҵĸٶȣıȽæŬдˡ
һдĽݽĻŮһҪãĽݽƪݲ̫Ůƪ۱Ƚϴһڹ˼


194Z|
ԺZΪŮ֪壬
ǰЩʱīٳڵϴó¶ࡣ
⵹̨żĺɹĸҲǣϢǼĺɹηޣһȫ档
ͶѵɲۼһӵĿ߻ͷ­֮ܽĺͯϡͿӵֱϡͿؿͷ󱻵ĵĳ뽻Ҷ
Ҷٵ᲻ȤȻҲϢ˰
Դɢ˷Ҷƿ֮С
Ұ䰲һƬţ˶ȴĺˡ
Щ£īʼնڰûȤɿЩʲôĳҲֻıӻѾٶ
ȻЩʱҲڱҶֵ൱ص񡪡ԴԤϣҲԼҵĿԣԹñˡ
ֱղڵУȥ¥ġ
Ϥ¥𽥱õӦھӪһмأҶҲ¥ĽС
Ľַ¥¥ڵνϡīٳڵС㣬λ֪ɫǵƹ
ػʱڷ¥Ǽż䣬гһ統ī̴ָٰľƵɫл
˾ЩʲôŴöһݸĵŮüʣױ
һŵˮīüۡ
īһʱؿֱҶСѣǡ
ī㱵ɫҲ֪īûϳԼظŽͣ˾ˣǣҲδˡ
һʶԼδǳͣĺһһġõģֻǾ㳤ࡣ
ֻȻһЦмһɲأҲࡣ
īȴǰԵЩüۼֻ֮ȥǳҲɢȥ׽ࡣ
īͷʵԼоǺģЩʱչÿɺã
Ľһжã¥һЩϾ
īԱߵҶһֳǣЦ֮ǰͬһ˼㣬򲻵ĺ飬Զ࿴ֶСҲ顣
鿴ȻЦ⣬淣¶ɫ
СƫչˣƺԶǳģֻӾ˼ûϡ
ȥµǳ˴ī̲ƮС
ҶЦȥǣ֣Ϊˣ˫ԱֻͣƬ̾ͳ˳ȥ
СЩ
ڴʱ˴ţʱ󻹸һӵŮĵ°ڡ
Ǹ£һ㡣ǣŮ뷿䡣
ҶŮǵʱڷǸһ˶ɽŮ淣µóŮļ˸ƫĵܵܣ콫ƾչˡһȥ淵ǺԼҪ£ҶͣŴξܾ͵߸
²ʱݵ˰ģ淴˿̿ǰֿ࣬ĺһ㡣
Сԣͬ˵ˣǲξ£ǲӦġٶҶ֪ѰԼʲôֱӾܾתͷ˳ī˵Ůʼĩ
һִ°ڣǵ£Ҳཫһ֤ԼҲɱУǰ˶ңǸҼǮҪܵܶϰġ
ãɱУ֤ԼôҶɫȻ࣬ǰ֮ǰǾʫ㱳ʫɻǵã
ĺͶʯ壬ҹ׽ˡǽߣϸſʲô淡
Ůɫ㱣ãȻԴȻֶûнԴ
Ҷ̾һòƲȥյиĭһŭһοࡣǰ´ʣһиս͵߳ӡ
սҶһԼģΪսѾһ룬Ҳڶս˴ССˣҹʹνսһֲʵֶȥսʤһȺ˶ѡԣϣûһ̤ս
࣬żڵ˷׷׳Ĭֻ˫Աǣס֣ĴָĦڴĽ롣
Ҷ̧ͷʱīȴµؿ淣ǽ淣ô
š添شʱɫЩ䣬ʵϲ֣ÿαʱһݵ߳ܡֻὫЩҰļ䷭ر¶˵Ŀ¡
лᣬΪʲôȡ֣ЩԴôʣ̫ˡ
ɫЩãȻûʶ֮ĸԼܹĵģҿԸô
ΪʲôԣԼġ
Ҳ֪Լʲôֿʼ°ڣգʼЩԼΪʲôûҳ飬ȻҲڸԼȡҲȡ
Ҷī裬Ǳ˾ȡɣģӦѾ˰ɡ
īһЦͽֱߵëպīֻƬֽ̾д֣ˮľ֡
ҶսһԭǡZ֡
īָ⽫ֽƸŮɫͣ㻽ZΣZͬټһָ֣ԡӣZ|ҡZ|ΪɫΪŮ֪壬ԸľˮZ
ŮȫīŵԴǣȴҲһϸѡԢ⼫õ֣æӹֽصͷãҺϲԺҾͽZ
ZʵǸ֡һԵСظ֣мۡ
Ҷ֧ãīͣǰǧȡʵԢ⼫áұҲȡֵģֻ˰һ쵽ĶǴӾ飬޵ţţԢҲͲеܵˡЦؿZС־ͽ޵УΣ
˶Цֱ׵СֵǺĻģZ󷽵ĵͷҲãҺϲ´͵С֡
ڷΧʱŲæַΧһµĽæ뷿䣬ֱīǰ¡
СˡǧＱţòڴ˿̴С¡أ˫һӡŵݸī衣
·ͬСɣҶһ䣬˱㾡뿪˷䣬ֻˡΰϢҪͨЩ
Ǳ߻ûյκϢߵŵѾīϡ
īޱؽӹţһ߲ŷһѯʣسʲô£
ʮǰκУԪڼ䣬Ѿǻλλ
л˵
īȡһԼҲܴ
һ˲Ļᰮֺˡ
Ҳϲǻһ񶾵ָףԸܺõ֣ԸŮZҫ
ȻҶ͵ǸСָȱ¾ˡ


195ѩ
ѡҶߡ
Ԫڼīƫͷŷ⣬ɫȴ޲졣˭Ķ磬ȻԸλ
ذڼˡСѣɹ¹ᣬ˱䡣
ذӺòҲ֮Сֻû뵽ԪڼλҶп
ĿԵɨϵݣذӺᣬ̫ҲͣλȻǺȵϡɹʱΪκڲĹڶ屻ϻʵ۲ҵЩ壬ϡֻ࣬ذӺλǸ˲ţЩ갲ַ֣ұΪѾЩޡ
ԪڼѾҪӻȥɱֶ߱͸֪κ˶ιҰɹܺһȻһ·ɫҶ*Цһκ꣬κˣһ۹⿴
īû̻شɨӹֽϵʱüͷ
ôˣƳīƣʵ
ذӺڹﱻɱġκذӺҹͻȻأҩʯҽīȻһҲŵģֶ̫
Σֱ߱²ߣųοɱĻԼֶ
صκ͸ȣֳɵģķ߹Ľڡ
⵹ȷԪڼɹçĴ¡
ڹȥ̫̫ּ̫̫ܲǻذӺĶӷ˾λǻ£˸壬Ǳ˴ƺ⡱ָڲԾؽֽۺۣЩֶ̫ƯˣԪڼֱʡ
ϾͽҰݶȴ֮ǻۺֶΡ
˵иָ㣿
һСīƶ
ȥ顣
κǱ߼Щ֣κϢҶҪڵһʱ֪ī롣
ȥҲֻĦֽ
һǰ¹΢˵ȥӵλԪڼĿĽݽǲɢʹӣҪǰκҲһͬȥֻǴ˺ȥκز죬ûҵȫ緽ʽûѶϢ
ڿĽݽĶʱԪڼʱǺϡ
֮䣬һǧ˿Ƶϵ
ֻ˼ģû˵¡
һһµġ
Ҷī˼
Ԫڼλǻκܶ˶ܻһȥתƹڵĿ⡣
ڵıս£ֽϵݣī轫ֽۺãڵȼ
Ҷۣβأǳᷢ¡
һֽɣŤŷճɻҽǱҲ鲻ˡ
Ŀԣȴī˫īɫͫ︡
ͬʱӦԾǵİͱ߾ս¡īѣԪڼĴλ߲ͬ¡Ѿ㹻ӵ㹻ⱾĶ
ӳȼҰޣģһּеڴ
Ҷȴһ˲ơ
Ϊ֪֮λǼī趼ˡ
Ǹָ֣޳ıʮָʱȴ˱ĵϡ
ǹָڣֽǾݵǰ
讣īк˵ϢҲ嵭ģ÷ӯ䣬Ϳǰһ־ۡ
˵Ϣңˮմʪ˴Ⱦ˳İ£ǧѩƮڻġ
鶯ʱ촽³־Ҳġ
ڶʱȴģ顣
ѡҶߡ
˵뿪

ۼΪߵŰʱδйĿϲذڼÿһ缡ڳΪ˾֮𣬶һСһУǸģ
ȻκĽֻбأѾ̫ﲻ֮£ǰҲûκһ˿ҲΣҲͳԭƬء
£ȵ۵ĶѾȫˡذڼʱĿƮز֪ЩʲôһƮƮȻĹ컡ȡֻܿ˾İΡ
˶˾Сذڼõɨһۣʾ£Թδĳ
ǻĵһȴǴ޻ʹҪĨȥǰξµĺۼЩʱǰξﶼմ
ֻЩȵ۵ѳģһĹū澺ʲôҪĶһֻǸСŮɲº
ذڼûش𣬵ǸȵŮȿ˿ڣЩʲô
Ľݽԭֻר־ؿ飬ذڼЩ޴ɵΪȤֱŮ˵ȵϸĶڿѯʡ
Ҳ֪һλݹصĿ䣬ūҲóȻֻܿƺЩϸ˵顣
飿˼ֻ׾ֶ˹ҿ
ŮӦתȥȡЩ顣ذڼڸλѹеĲãʵǵ飬ôôȤ
ԴԼǻĽݽٲȻԼ˰ˣʹɡ
ǵǻҪһĿ˵Ů˴ж˿顣
һֱذڼƷʣѾ踺꣬ڵλãҲȱһʱ
ܱذӺı飬˵ʲôءĽݽŮϵһֽţϸϸطš
мҳֽƺһЩ밵ܱذڼĿȻӬһϻ֮ȥõؿڣôûӶô࣬˼ҡ
ذڼһѻ񣬲鲻Ըط϶ѻӡ
ŮĵɤȻѾ˻λҪǵ֮ĽףԪڼҵ޵ģɲҪҾõȡ
ִʵһ٣ϺݺοһƬ죬˼ƽºҵ£ȥˡ˵ֿھѰңЩ󷨣ҲʿŴˡ
ذڼЩСĽݽֻЦЦöӼƽϡҧ˵ĹȻҲ죬ذΪϣôһҲбҪġ
ò겻ɵĻĽݽֽ̧ۣ˫ɫǺЦģĿȴǱĺˮһ㽫ק뺣УʲôζҪеĶ˭ġ
Ҫҧ飬סŭ𡣴ĳϣ֪Ľݽȷ֪
ĽݽЦһּעŻеֽϡ
һѱκдУԭּֽԵΪۡĽݽϸֽϵݣǺȻ𣬡ѵðôȤţȻͱôٵˡ
˵ʲôذڼؿ
Ľݽȴϸϸؽеļۺ÷Уδشذڼ⡣
תʱѾʧ˹֮УΨмƴ紵̵
صѩҪˡ
л˵
ʵܰдĽݽԭֻΪˬ.jpg


196
ӣڱ˸߸ڡͩӣڱ˳
Сӽ
ڵҶմˮĺ컨Ϊǽǳ̡
ꤣйĳһֱڹĹǰͣ£æѾΧԣŻ˵˾ˣѾڹˣʵڲ׼κγ룬Ҫͷǰȥˡ
дɫ޷ģԼȥͺá
ƿţŮֻܿĵҪ֣˳ˮ˿統ߵڣοɫˮۡ
ƣͷһɡ
ּæڵΪɡūΪɡ˾롣
ءɤ嵭ֻӹӹɡԼۻ䣬¶һѩ׵ǡԼȥ
˽ŵؿֲΥֻҿȷķ򣬲һ
ˮδ𣬴滨

ǧٴΣᳵ·Щ˱˳ϻ̳Ͽ֡Ҷô̫εĽ
빬ʥѣҶҲ˽š
չкȻʥϿͣ˵˾빬һⲢ˭⣬ʵʵѵּ⡣
ҶԴ˺Ǿ裬˭īȫȻһ㣬ɵشӦѵҪ
ĿģΪǰЩʱնߴϢ
³ţ̩ɽ
̩ɽ֮£̩Ȼҡҡ׹ǸصϢĻ̻̣ƫƫ˾ļ˾ԴһԲȻǻֲ̿ġ
īסҶҪ֣Թ˵ջ׼ʱ빬ʥ
ҶĿŲ⣬ȴһЦᡣ
Ͷ·֪Լڣºαؽţ
ڽգ빬ʥһ·ȻҶôĽ
ī貢Ľʲô⣬ϾѲǸµӣͨգѰ̿˲⹬ҲҶߣʲô
ǽ̧ͷȥֻܿɵѹںǽ֮ϣߵĻҶԿãҶ̻죬ǴŨīزʵɫ
ٻش˵أľѲͬա
δȥӼµĺԪǱ˴˵ͥԺС
ͥԺ룬ֲһ߲ͩ죬ɴ˺ϱ֦࣬ҶïڹǼſһƬɫ
˽ͨ˾ī£ñࡣ
ֱҴ߳ڵʱһ峿ǡͣЪչƲ̽ͷ֮չãϣͩҶȾƣٿȻ綯䣬˰¡
īɡֶȥɡ飬ѩɫļذ׵ۣչһգͬôɽһƬѩ
˾ôȥţվţѼ߳⣬ϽӭȥϾ˾һ紵Ⱦ˸ʲô纮ҶҪ鷳
ƼͩЩ£࿴˻ī赭ͣʾǰλã롣
Ԫĺǵ鷿ΧҪ࣬īѶ£ɫʼƽƲ©ѻڳϿģԹ̵ֲĿ⡣
Ҷһ۾ѶԸĴͷī̬ȴ׽͸ģϲŭɫҲ޶飬ʱ̬۵ʼǱġ
ţҲ֪οڣֻܼīղ˵ĻƼ˾ղڿͥԺǿͩͩʲôô
ī跴ʣ¿֪ͩ
⡱ϸ˼һ󣬷ּͩһֱںԪĺ//ͥԺڣ˰ɣ޼Сʱôߴˡ
ī費ɫؽһԵĴ΢ƿЩÿԿͥԺǿͩѾࡣζЦЦҲ˵ڴǰͩѾڴ˵ˡ
лѰصȴźġ
īѾīٳǶǧ࣬ī֮ǰԭǰڽ꣬شأп׽ǵȷҲʺϽĸ֮ءֻн̾ᣬ̫ǰ棬Ȼī١
Ө׵ָĵĦҤɱıأѡ񶨶ī٣ȴΪṩֵ֧īīīҲͬп׽˽֮أҸۿͨ˴Ǹǰܸı֮⣬Ҫһ㡪īɽˮط֮ء
ī⴦֮أԵǡָŴһ̧бͩ
¶죬֪ͩƺࡣ
īٳڵȻͩȻûеĵزī˽ˮ磬󣬳лľʢ䲻ӵڵһ񻨣滨ٻļľǾɫ羰ȴƫƫͩ
Ϊ˵ǰ֮¡ī΢˿ڱв裬ɫڲյڵˮʲ壬ǻǰīٳǶͩ
īĻ֮⣬˼ǣ̫˾ǵͩ
īûֱӻش𣬶Ǽʣûϸôī֮أʶͩͩô˷ֹͩʵʳȪͩķǷˡ
һ㲻۵׵ıЦ⣬ʱ£ǰķˣ»˭أ
Ⲣѻشֻһ˼ԺѾֳһӰ
޵ģĿģԡġ
ǰҶҲ˪ǳɱһѪ·Ѫİµɫ
䲻ۼҶٵķˣȴҲǼҶɵӰ
ƺһж˵ͨˡҶҶһߣƫڲ졣
ͨһʱɫ԰ףˮǻ䡣
ǵճ⣬ûλλģȻҲʱ˽⡣֪һΣյ촷۰ҡҡ׹
ƫƫ˵Ȼƽ˵ʵԳڿ־壬ȥīٳڵͩ˻ʹڵһʵ̫ߴïǿв»ƻʹ⴦ˮصˣԲ
˵мӦǲ֪ġī˵ţѾȫƿ˴飬Ŀֻͩשִ̫ңӭУȴֻһǧһǧӭսѻʯ޹ڵһ̡īΪ̫ջسںԪҹֻ̫ӱң
ҹī迴ŵӲשʯ˫ľϥѪѪȾЩǧٴƵש
ѵҲשʯʱīȴѾջĿ⣬²ؿˣѾ꣬īǿשҲ粻ڵˡ
ǰɡ£ʵǹޡīҲΪƣۣ۵δ
ջվ׼뿪ֻѴŵµʯש
£ҽԣδаԡȥ룬ǷܵסʹѪᣬǲͩӭķˡ
뿪̫ѪĹ
Ӵ߳ʱٿȻ綯ͩҶ
ڽ䣬ڴ֮վڱ£˱ͩͦΣ۱ҫޡ
Ǹ֡
ȵķˡ
л˵
ڷǳŬظ¡ĥ¿
ĳȻȨıҼҵʵںζ֪ȨıĺдԴ٩˲Ǻܽһ㣬ֻҪûд©С
ʵ̫ϸĺܺζԼҲˬ
Ա裫˵ʱдģܶʱıд
Ҷĸ˷⣬ԼϲģھѾдˡ


197Ǹ¥
˾ǰ˼˫
īȷû뵽Ҷרڴ˴
ôˣʣֻǼһѣʲôġ
ǵġҶЦҡҡͷѾϰī˼άģʽ½쵽ǰֻǺ㡣
ǰȣֻӳģ·չⶼȻʧɫ
ī轫ַģϵЦ⣬ʲô˵ô
˵µȷеģΪ˼Ҫ˾ǰ˼˫
Ҷûж˵ֻǣ֣
ǣī֣첽ڹ䣬·Ĺ˷׷ײĿҲȫȻ⣬ֻάǵĶ߹ǽ
㲻ҪȥδôҶعͷǸԼӰ
еֻǸ˼ԼۣߣȥδҪô
ƺ˺ܾõ·;ҲȫȻʹƧժ¥
˴īٳǻʹʱһɣڹĸ̨
īһϸ¥ǸԶīٵľɫһࡣʹڱյٵ߰ǽ׽ѽϵĳǳػУԶɽ̣̣һξ
ǰΪæµһֱûлںһͬīٵľɫҶһֳϣʾīͬһ𿴴˵ط⡣
˶ǰ羰ҲȤֻǰ羰ˡǰǧȴֻһۡ
źգڵĴҲܿġ
ȥɽô״ڵʣ·ֻѰ¼һϲá
Ҷ⣬ī趨ȻᾯࡣҶ˿̵ɫ൱ƽƺֻǺĴ𰸡
ֻƬ̣īʵ𣬡·ãֻѰİһ硣
Ҷȴī迴ɵɫһЦôںŪôⶼҵķθ֮ԣ¡
Ҷۣ˴ĥĺۼ֮λֻһ֮ңȴԥ
֪ǸλǼ˵ǸԼʶȴֲԸϵʵߣҲɡ
̨з紵죬īһ˿Ĳ졣
ȷû뵽Ҷ̹Ȼ˵һ㡣
Һܺ£߻᲻֡
ûУ¡īڿڴٺ˼룬ظһ飬ߣҴûв֡
ôҶЩţ֪ʵϲ͢ҲϲӣȨƶ糾صӣŻ黭ݵ
Щī˽⣬Ҷ֪ھŪȨѪȣʵҲ쳾ɫ
ҵȷ⾩ī򢣬ôʣⲻ߲֣¡߲ͻ
ŪȨԸΪЩʲô㶼ֵһᡣȻᣬȴޱȼᶨϪļ䣬ΪϲܾǷ뾡Ϊһ
ǸվԼߣ·ɣ߱Ⱦϼ
ΪϲܾǷôҶȻһ̺ĸܣȷˣܵ㲻֡
㻹ǵôǰ̫ѧʱôʱұãֵܼڴһ¡̧ʱЦ⣬ҲΪ֮ͣǰˣȻߣǿֵġ
ͯ£ҶҲɫΪлǺͯʱǼ򵥺ܶġ
ҲԺܼ򵥡
˫΢бգҶ˫ڰ׷ͫӳԼüۡ
˫ִԼӣ󴽰һǣһƬѩ£ֱڻ
ֻи̨ϵķ
Ҷ˼Ʈ˲䣬Щĥʹ
ԼеණȰɽҪ֮λ̰ϣԼԡ
ڴһףЯ֣ܽأɽɽֺأ
Я֣ǧȴҲϧ
֪Լ롣
£Ҳϣ뽭ɽѵȫ
īǰһǲλãԣȨܼáֻҵһɣܻȫҾôֵáΪҪĽǰ뽭ɽһɣǲֵá
ֻһĸԸߣֺһ˵Ц֡
룬һԼ
˫־ԼǰֻЯ֡
Ҷδƣճʮָ۵ơ
紵ɽ
ǧΣһҪǸ̨ҲֻԸЯֻ֣Ҳ硣
쳾㣬˼Ҳʧɫ

ʹλͶɽӸ̫СʱȺ顣ǳֻܴʣЦӹǸϢĺӣλסȥ
ĺ²ûԵɵģЩʱȥλͶһС£дӴ˼ѰӰġ
СһСĵľУһϸľеۡ
ʵƲװʲôֻȥͻ̫СЩ涼Ŀʯ
Ժвͯʱի־죬Щƾʧٵͬţɵô˸£ֲĲ²⡣
ͻ·;㳤ܿλݾӵĹ
ڿһˣֻɫݱ»÷ʢϮˡһСĵߣһ߻ĽݹҪĶСĸˡ
Ժڲһ䵭Ӧ𣬡ùɡ
æѭȥݱ»¿ǸϰԵŮӣαϣе̸̻ڣüҲʲ塣
˸Ȼк棬־廹뿪˵أСİѶ
Ľݽü۲ѺӴ򿪡
ǣǡСӦţľеۣ˺ӡ
̴ֻľżöɫĿʯС״һųɫ·ȥ졣ֻеĿʯгɫĺۼǳңֻǼö·죬ʵѪɫ
ʹǰգҲڸǲסֺɫʯϢ
Ľݽ̶źĿʯüһôôĴƷ
̸ںﲦŪţһöɫϺõĿʯĽݽóöʯݸСӣš
ô
ȡ
вͣСΣֻסöʯָбûʲôֵĵط
ĽݽָһСӱоһʹֻԼѾһǳǳ˺ۡûüϸ˿ڵʹĽݽ䣬ʯԼĵѪ۶ʯ֮Уˣûаͣµס
СӾֵҪӵöʯʯͷȴһ˦Ҳ˦ˣֹԴԴϵѪҺ
ɺ󵽲԰ٵɿݣȻ̶̵¼ھͱ˵һ£
ĽݽֻһעС̫ĲҽУֱʯչ˾ѪѾɫļſ֦ĹɲʯѪҺɫٲȻɢĹâ
ְѿʯӻľĵмöɫϺõĿʯʣµĴƷָһ㶼̻촷ۣȥԪڼʯҪɫĿɣʣЩƷø˷ѱˡ
л˵
ȻдƪĵʱʱⱾԶ̫ˣԼҲкܶ仯
ǲòīе̫ˣС˵Ҫɫһûнɫܱõƽ׺ҡȿԳֿطףҲΪʧҡ
Ľɫܿ񾭲̨ˣѾûˡ
ڣ
ϲȥݲ𣿡
ȻƭǮȨɱ㵫Ұ㰡
Ȼǿƿ㲻ܲûϵ𣿡
ĲСҾͰСôˣСǸõĴʻ㣬ǻɣİ˱ˣǲǾͱܶࣿ
һƿ񾭲ѾùǸⱲˣǹȻ񾭲ɵϲ񾭲Ҳû[]


198Ͽ
Ǳһɣҵı¡
ѴǸʶʱˣѡܣǿһ㡣
裬޶ֻۣԼС˼ҶԶԴֻ۱ֻۣΪʶʱġ
˹ͨʡྫ
һīô֮󣬹һ£*ȻԼдλگ顣
گԣ٣ʧ򡱣䣬ƽķ۶Ľɣ׷Ң䣬λ
گһҰڶݵ𾪺ֶƽ˭֪ҶƵģһ죬ѡ
Ȼһ½ǣһεãҶü۲ƴˡ
նͬ˵Щʲôôѳϻ̳Ͽֵλگ鶼дˣ
ѵλگһдвٳҲ飬ȰλģҲдδмףȰ˳ӦġЩͨƪ֮ʵƨ£ò˷ྫӦ
¾˵ʲôһȤζҶЩϻ۵ī̧ͷҿûпЩĹ°ˡ
ҶȻ֪ī費ȥвʲôôķ࣬īֶβִ³ķʽ
ֻ£ҶӺ㿿αϣȷ¡˾ǷʶʱҲ˱׵λ
ī鼹ǣǣһ㼥Ļȣɽˡ²̤ƽҺɽʴȣΪ˻
˻ڡҶҡҡͷֻипԹԹߺҲҪԹ֮ˡ
λ߾֮գ۶ʮΪãѲѻʸϣīᣬ߾ǰҿ̱Կҳ飬ҲҲ˵һ
˻ȷƽƽīϵо´ƽƽĵطԱȨ׵̫õ׬˺ô֮
ҲַͬѾΪܵ׵λú󲻹ʱ䣬ʣµĻұѸֽھɱ֮ҲһơڿֶҲ˵īҶеܺߣѪ۰߲顣
ΪĿ֮ͼΣƽԭƳİͿֽ̿񻹱Ϊһ
ɼʷܿܣԶӮҡѪ۶ٰޣʷϲ赭дһīۡ
ҶЩͨƪϻӵһߣɫζ࣬˾ƺЩҪϣҵǻࡣ
ī⻰ȴҲգĶϻ죬תۼѶڶϡ
ָصҶмƷ˿£ڼϷϸ⡣÷䣬ǳǳԱǼθ
ǰ꣬Σǧǧ顣
Ҷס䣬Ǿ˳ĻС
īȻǱģָ̧ǣԼܹӡ
˸˫ڵڣǺ۵ס
Ҷ㱼俴۴⣬࣬Ҳơ
ǳ۵ףֻǺڴˣǧǧǣӴӶ
ϢߣΨгʪ⣬Ǳһɣҵı¡
ʱ˲ɽѩ޵ɽ羫ȡ
ҶòЦԼ̰δãȴѾ˻Ǻģ
ã

ǰ˵ģһеüĿӲ飬ͬѩɽڻĺʯ
֣ΪʲôǼīѾ꣬ΪԼ˸׳ʲôӡ
ڳһʱģźص䵭üۣʹڿԼʱҲ뿴·ʱ޲
֪ԼЩʲô𣿡
ҲǱġ
֪ͬ䵭ش
īµĿ㻹ûгԹ޴ȥֲһµľīЦſ
ī룬ʵīܴԼᣬʹǶԼŮҲһּ̬ȡ
һ㲻˿͵ط
ʲôһأȨ̰ǰһīܿĿ⼥ȴִ˼ƾʲôرģڳȨûܾܾɽ̣ǧ
µָ벻Ծؿ۽īüͷ˶һ㣬ȷˡ㣬Ҳ˴ҲҪǰڮ
̵浽޴
˫ڵ۾ڿʱ¶һӸС
ֻһۣīоżʸϡ
ԼҲƾʲôأſע
ĻǧذȻػͷīȻ̧ۣɫ԰ֽһֲ
鰸ЦţƺΪִԲŭݣǻˣȻĻЩŮ鳤£
ǰľӰӰ´غϣڴǰҲΪЭ£ûΥԼˡ
Ҳᡣ
ٴڶˡ
ֱͦ˼Ǹ򢣬ҲԣҲԼȥڡ
֪Ϊ˸ʲô𣿡
Ϊŭϵᣬֽ췭ɣַ£ƮֽǮ
ҲƵһĻ
£ҲۡҲڶΣҲЭڶΡ
˻ش
˵Ҳģֽ

ļҹܴŻ֮ȥЩȣʪˮϸܵ𤸽ڼ
īʱѾ亹͸
ҵĴϢţܵҹ΢гʪĿ˵£Ÿܵ˴˿̵ʵ
ԭոֻһξ
ȻӦֻһξϾīˣҲԼˣӦȥĳ뱨Ϊ˵Ĳ˺ľ߽ӵˡ
˯ȻȫȻûвԼĶī̾˿ŵ´վڵשϣƽЩ
ɫǳɫ׺ҹɫȥһʱ䣬Ϣһ
˻ƣҹ˷ĳڴ˿ҲЩʵİο
ֻһξѣЩԶ飬ŵһ볾ˡ
ߵΪԼһˮ£Լ
ˮʱϳߵƺǸܵ߿տգط˼ʣ
ʣʱī費ڣæѰڡ
ڡī輱æصߡ
ҶʶȻѣֻʣȥʲôˣ
£ֻЩڿʣȥ˵ˮ˴˯Ҷߡ
δķȻ谵ҶҲ벻ѣûע⵽ī԰׵ɫ޽ǵ亹ֻ˻صߺ˯¡
Ǳ˯ɡ
á
ʶֳξʱƺһǡ
л˵
ͻȻǿһ£ĽݽĲ̣̣
ֻһʹҩ


199
̨ǣǧǡ
дµһõگʱ֪Ѿĵʱ
Ҷĵһƾܺʱ£׼ʱд˵ڶگ飬һƾܡ
ʱ£д˵گ飬ڳеĿҶ治ɫƾ˵Ρ
ãһΡ
ֹ£ķگдʱڳеĿڸֻαȰ˵УҶҲ˳޿κεϷԵԼʵһ㣬Ӧõ
˭֪ÿ˼˶̨֪һĻϷ
Ԫ£µ޵£گλλ
һݳݺɵʱڣ֮ʱȴӭԼĳĺ
£Ⱥĺʹ֤ǵ𡣽ϵĻ¿ãһжģ
ӹŴһϸ̨۷أǰϲȴЩ֪Ҳһαصĸˡ
ǰȺ˰·ε׺Űס˰ݣ紵ԣơ
˥Ⱦǡ
֪ǲĴѾȻߺͫ￴ЩЦ⡣
ֻŪʱҲǼ˾ϵĿĩ·Ǽ˾ջ
īڿҵÿһ䣬ӿʱǧԻֱͣһлĻ
ߵҢλ˴˴ڳΩе¡
ʴ֮Уѡܣ¡޳ڣһ壬֮ӡ٣ʣ߳ӣѼȻóλʲԽԪ֮׹ڵأհ㡣
ӹڴˣΪѾáĴ֮壬֮ѷλ𹬣һݡκ¡
ʵгдõ˵ǣؽⷽīСĻľѸܲǱǿ̨Ŀܣһݳ
ӹ˲䣬ڸܵ˳õĽѣεİҲж¡
˾ɫƽؽӹһ괫еڼ̳ܷյʥ£ջܷ֮磬˷Į֮Ī׳ԡ󡣹֮ʵڡ
һһ̨׻̨ϵˡ
Σɫ̳£ﳯ¡
Ŀ۵ĺ죬ʢĺ·Ҫѹи඼մ
Զӹ죬ڶԶȥŲУīֻǾףϸ̨߹·;һԼ
鴮ײ죬ü󿴲С
ֱҶ߽ʱīſеЦ⡣
һʱĻֹۣμ䣬ʱ񣬵Ŀʱȴ
Ӱķ֮ܰʱȴѡΪͣ
зࡣ
īջƮɢ˼ǰ֮ڶִУ»աo˳
˫ڽӹʱȴſסֹ֣סĶ
ī費⣬ԴڶҶо֮񣬵˫ִֹֹסĶ
켺˫ʼºͺЦģʹ߹صķѩ뽭ϵ꣬Ȼһģ
վҶλá
ҶִǰŸ̨µܶͷԶľ룬Сϣȴַ׷׹ɽꡣ
ڿڡ
ʮģʮĺٲ֮
޳е֮ԪΪ󾰳Ԫ꣬˷׷ɫպţͬɶУ££⣬֮
䣬ͭ죬һŴԶ
ɥӣһλ
˻ɳ۵ò
īٳΪʱдƽǻʶˡ
üĿüԶɽ촽筣ѩòÿһϲԴֱʣһϮӵĵǹɫ˼Ϊ֮Ŀ
˿վڸ̨ϣ۽ŲЦ⣬ĩսսϵö󤻢ŦӡŮ޳У÷·СõΡ
һǰĺأõڰٹٶüסֻǸ̨ϵŮüۺЦĲԳӲı飬ͷ·һƴС˲ǵǰīٳǳ꣬ѪȾ죬׵õײϳǳصĳš
Ǳѩɫѩͥ⣬Ҳɫ׺ִںԪǰ׹ǰ˲ǰҶ٣ǷҲˣɽ֣ĺ
ǰޣ⴫൱ǡҶվò󾰳Ӧǰ·̹䵱¹ǰ
԰գɿ֣öƣай䣬׹ڵأ죬ķѡ
ܿĻͱûﳾݣɽꡣ
˵ĻУѰڽӰ¡ʽҪ̺ȻسΪǸĺùߡ
ûȥע⵽ľʱ⣬ȴżȻرѡ˿ܣ̨ϰ档
ڴ˿̣ҲֻӰ￴һλҫ۾ĵ˿ǰݵȺʢͼ
ʱҲԼЩԵȣǷڵҲ緢ģâɵ˵ĳݡ
жһԸһԶϵĴ̡
ѿҶıӰֿǸӰȻۣ
˵֮λ֮Ҳ¶
ҶĿƽɨЩݵȺȴúī裬ǵĳôҲġ
īֻתͷߺĿȴ̵ģҴӲںЩ
ֻϵ°ڣ乧ˮо֮
ͦļߵͷ­ֻΪһ˳
ĿǴδйĳ顣
ʱӽ쿪ʼˣҵı¡
ǰֻǰһ㣬ǣ֡
ǵʱ
̨ǣǧǡ

Ԫ³λҶ
ʮԸͳԭ󾭸ͼΣ֮ңΣ˹Ȼںˣ£ʮ֮ģڴޡ
ⱳ˥裬𣬶⳾ֻȺʷ˵
ҶǻĹΪԪ
ʱѾʼ
ġࡷꡣ
л˵
дһˣ̫
ж秵ôʶժԺ׵λگλگԭ±޵Ĵǣƪگȷʵдͦġ
ţҶߵһҲ̫ˡ
ľ½ȻһҶĸ˷⡣
ٺӦþˣлǣҵŮ߹ôԶ·


200Ҷ⽭Ͽɲ
һȫԼԳȫ㡣
Ȼ֪̯Ӻһ鷳µңæʱмֽͷöĸо
ڹټĹ֮ʱһۣڶԷòСĵң£ӡɵӡɣĿ
¡
Եǻǰ󹬵ҲǲɢԸȥУֻּҵģҶһһӦʡΨĻʺÿշ˾ұĺѰ徻˭֪֪»ʵǻϢ󣬾һȥˡ
Դ˲ʲô룬·ǰѲԸΪЩ¶ҲټƽĲ֮٣̫ƴҴˡ
ǰ󹬱ǲɢδл䣬Ժ󹬿տգںӡĴҲһϣֱǻڹټŴϡ
޿ɡ
ʾ⹬˳Ϸӡϸöӡ̣֬Ө覣бť񳯷ӡ߲ڵɰ
ڹټԴ»ģöӡ񹤾£õ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣҿӡϰ񳯷ܾ·ƼΣϷĻҲչ߷ɵģ
˼ҳٳٲΪʲôСʵ£ӡкδĲã
ǡֻҡͷöӡ
ֻöӡù˭֡Ȼ޵ڶѡֻƺҲԴʲôȤöӡϣȻֻðٹߴߴس
Ѹ˾޵٣Ȩƣ֮ĪЩҲҵһگ飬㲻ʲô֮ȴὫƵ˼λá
֮ȷѡ
֪ȲȱҲȱȨƣʧȥĶҸˣֻЩͽ͵ֲһ
Ҫô
һʱԼ˼ֱй˵
λ󣬱ΪӹµҰģܵǶʱ仹ʶࡣڳ͢лɳҲ뽫˸ʵȨԶ֮ڡ
յǻǸⷱæڵʱҵĵһ뷨ƾܡϾϵӻδ꣬δĴ󳼵Ⱥ򣬶£δЩ۽Ҫ
תһ룬ѸλûжãΪУҲǶ֮ˣʱңȷҪ
ˣҷзӡԸ˵ȥůɣһȥ
öյ̺õķӡҷϣȥů
ߵλչãüŮЩнϣڿҲʱæ
ض񡣡ʾ£λãҼǵö֮ҪһͬطˡٽѽڣͻȻѰޣʲôô
طʱɫһͣ檣Ϊ¶ġ
Ҿһʱ֪ʲô»ΪѰңֱ˵ǡ
ֱǰ£ߵ׵Ĵ񣬡£׼롣
һвˮһȦȴִڵ档ΣֻʣΪΣ
ҼǵߵԻȻ΢Сɷ񻨿ȻǸ֡
ѻǳʱаŵĻʱѲǸܳĲܳĻӣڶĻҲδжģ˸׵ĹټŮָ顣
ǻҲ൱ƽǺΪܵǻҲΪʺ󣬰زٳź
ΪδǷ֮кȻҲΪǵҲ벻Ȼִɡ
Ȼõôʣ˵ֻ»ô
롪̹˵ʳǵȷЩ
Ӽȷ㣬಻ôȣֻ˵ϸһЩ
ݣײǸƷԱֲǵ֡ĸЩʲаĶĸΨһŮҲƵ簮³檸ĸŮһԸȢֻʫΪ飬պ̳ĸҵĺһŮĸҲȻͬġ
ڴǰҴδԼкιϵֱǰһگ飬ָΪ̧ͷʱĿãȻЩˮ⣬ڴ֮ǰδδһ棬ȴҪ˽Ϊޣ²ûôƫƫʥּɻ飬ҲΥ
ìܣȴҲ޻˵İһ㣬ֻʣٳص񣬿ɲϣԸѳ谮ĲΪҡ
ٺǻΪʺ󣬻Ҫڵĸ񣬺Ȼһ˵һЦЦȴԳǸλϵĿܣȴҲҪάֻʼҵ棬Ϻۺ֮£
ţǻ𣬳檾ڵһ죬ֻһܣȵӻλһ죬ҾˡһֿеĿ⿴ң£뵽Ҫһİһҵȷвʡ檲ԸµµһֻԸٻ󣬻ؽϲ
˵ţٶһߵף˫ۺҡ
ҳȻģ˻Ϊʳǣݹأɷ޸飬Ҳìܣ޵Բ
֪Ĺ͢ûڴжô˴ĥԸԼԲŸܲոһˮ
˫涵峺˫˭Ӱأ
ٽ˻Ų֪ƣţչյô͸
Ըܼ򵥣ѾȻҲȥάʲôҵ棬ֻҪһͷֻҪʧȥһСС棬ͿԸһŮ°ɡ
õĳĬ֡
ңһʱ䲻֪Ǻ˼ֻܽ͵С㣬ȥдĺ飬Ȼ󽻸ްɡ
һʱ䲻׵ؾʹӦˣϻ̳Ͽֵطҵ£Ӧˣ
²ʲô£Ӧ㣬㣬Ѷһֽѡʵش𣬿۾ЦЦã޵ˣΪ޸࣬ȴɡǾڸλɼȫԼԳȫ㡣
Ƿ׼õĺݸңóԼ˽£պӡΪϣȥɡʵ˵Ӧʵľͺá
ϲؽӹ飬л
׼飬ƶ޻Ӧô
ջϵЦ⣬ҵ檲Դ⡣ֻǳŹǰҲΪָ飬Ҳ㱻ƾˡ»ʵǻѡʵ󹬣Ҳδ룬ȻԼĿģҲԸԼݲи
ҿĿ˼ͣȷһˣӹµѣһλʵʡ
˵ĻҲͬԺµµһȷвʡ䲻㣬ʶԸȫ㡣
ڲƳʱôţСĵĦܸɵĺ飬ðһʣˣǼ˾ˣ
ȲȻܹµתһ룬ܲµڳҰҲʲôˡ
ûзϡ
գ˾ԸΪߣ˵УǱɸҪĴڡﴽЦȻȻ檸ϲɣ飬һ¡
ֵ֪ǰˣܾùܸ̫١
ҲĲЩ֮أȻǵ˾˾žޣؽҲ벻ۡҪǿһν֣£˷ѹɡ
ҿ⣬ͩҶ̣չáʺϳȥߡ
ͻȻ¡
˵öԡܸȻ̫٣ЩɣȴҲˡ
վĽȻļؽϲ°ɡ

Ȼ뿪ʱںԪǰ˹ݵĴ
°ڹټϵķӡ󣬴б
Ǹ˵˫ۣ۲ᣬȴһɽҹꡣ
¶˾ģöӡ׳ƣֵǵӡ׹أķѡ
ļһӦ顣
֮˵غĹˣʱֻѵʯΪʲôϻ̳Ͽֵعڵʿӡкβ
Ұ˰֣ʾǣֻޣҪöӡˡ
ãһҲٵ
Ҫ

գһ·ϵīʱĺδüȥ
ڿżʱһæкҪ£һī
Ҫī衣
Ϊʲô£æ븮ͨһ*īŲҴҵóǹæδױһͷֻżɢ£ذױ
ʱüȻǺЦģ¿ʲôҪ£ôͻȻѰң
ֻˡҡҡͷ
ǿٳ빬Գһˡǲ⣬ദЩʱȻϰǨҡ
ҪȥޱߵĺˮȴģΪ㣬㡣ʰʰͬ߰ɡ
ȥδô죿ҵǻǱһҪĳ֮ˡ
ϱǶ½գòŵ¡ͣȥδȥΣ£ɲ
áƬ̵˼սҵ֣δеϲֻҪͬһ𣬺δԡ
Ǿͳɡ
Ҿǣ֣Ӳһͬйδ˪ѩꡣܸĴ̫٣ڴ˿̣޹£޹ؾֻҡ
ٵϰɣҶ罭ϲ
л˵
ٵϰɣҶ罭ϲ
Ҷĸ˷⣬һ£ǰ㶮ҲҪǺŮͺˡ
Ҷˤ˷ӡˤӡãȻҲʹīҲһЩڳɻľ顣
ǲమֻǱ˲ϲȨµĻģʽҾ֮ҲҪЩ
Ƕ˼иƵֵǣ֣ΪһֲͬеĵλҾ֮Ĺϵͬı֪ǰˣԶеͬ·ˡ
Ҫİ󶨣ҲҪ׵Ĺϵ
Ǳ˵һЩ⣬ͬʱԺÿ飬趨Ů֮䲻лȻҲʲôССͳͳУ̸ˣϣҿĿġ
վɽ


201ԭ
Ҳÿһߵĺվǰ
վɽ
䣬ɽݡ
ЩսĽ
ײϣͥԺҡҶƮ䡣
µŮֻһľָŮĹƣŮ߾ȫĹҲһ
˾ο
ԶͤУһ²裬һ߿ͥԺZ䣬һѯԼī衣
Ůһ£ʢʱڣҲԵͷʱɼѩǻݣ·һƬڻӨ
ϼѣϰĺӣҲԸ̵ٺòϸ۲Zÿһγкī輫ѵõظ˿϶ۡ
˼ĺ룬ཫӾԸɣҲΪˡīҲ϶ۺҲ¶οЦ⡣
Ҷ֮ǰȰ˵£ZĶһ飬ĳϿңҶڻ׼ȥһ¡
浹Ǻܲ죬û뵽µŮȻôʼԼӾڽӴǶŮϵļͺ⣬ˬشӦ̵߽
Ĺοءī迴Ƕ˵Ŀƽȴڲ࿴˼ӾߣϰĸȻһ¡иǵˣʺϴӾսпᣬӪܴ࣬ɳո¶ͷǵˣһ
΢һȻҲī˵ЩʲôЦЦ˾˼ǵĻ̫ˡվѡ·ZѾ֪Ƿǵͣ˵Щѵôֻⲻǵ뷨δôģõ껪ȥԹŻ
ģǽվԼѡ񡣡
ָĦűأúīһЦһֱЩദЩϣñࡣ
ǶЩİˡĴһȦǾЩϰߣ½ղô
ʱ䣬ҶȻûгīߣ⵹ѵãƽһֵͬġ
ī贽ЦҪӦЩѲĶڲˡ
īһѣҲѹɤʣǺ篸һ£
Էס
֮ɫǲҵñͷʹˣ
ī谲ǣǱҪ֮£ǽͷˡ
ǰЩʱһ𶯾֮¡ƾЩ꾭Ӫ¥ӯһҪ¾е¥篸
篸Ϊ¥Ǳ෽İ׮ȻǼ򵥵ýǮµġ
ƾЩĿȾֶΣҶ£ɹѼλȥ¥ݵĴˮǴԽԽ󣬾ֱֵǰ
г⣬篸Ȼסģɷġīһ㲢ģһ¥Ǽ򵥵ģѵǺ档篸٣¥Щȥˣ
ѾãŻǵ뷨ˣҲһ·ѡ޴ȥ¥ҲȱЩ֡һᾡȫÿ˶źȥ
īĵĳָ棬£ҲعǨǡ̻֮صŮӣǼҵûǾ͸Ϊ˻ˣ˽Ůӣмҿɻأ¥ҪǶúãЩʫʷµģ˳дҲıǲģʶģѧһգıֶΣԼڽ·ߣǻ뵽ɫΪ
ī˵һ񣬡ǵܵĻһ󡣡
˵
£Ҳáº篸뽫ԺѧӾӪʱԺаæЩʶֵĹҲһѧϰ̧ͷʱ˸㽵΢⣬īõݣֻǿԺһҪҪ˾˵İ
ȷī赱˿϶Ĵ𸴣ֻС¡պξӪԲһҷȥʲôȱĶѰҡ
һ¡ٵԺֻŮӡ
ãҲٵڿεŮʦҲϸѡ㲻صġ
īӦʵˬ죬Һͳϣô£Щ뿪¥иõܶס֮ڡϾ篸ֻһʼˣſԲīٳе¥̶ȫ¶ֿŮѪΪķ糾֮ء
λʱԸоʵǰֻڷµЦʱԺֻ˵ءĴֿѵѪ뿪篸ʱ룬ΨһԸܽ⼸ƽ
Ѿװ˴ǰ࣬ȥٵǰ޾ʹĵط֮ʱ˸ԸϣٲѪĵطҲŮӾĹȥ
ǵûõʱôʱңɷҲԸģû취ɷǾȥ趨ɷˡͥ⺢ͯܵıӰлʵʱҴδ⾹ȻĿʵֵġ
ī۽չ¶Ц⣬ǵһţԴ·ʱһͬ˵ӴԺٲмū֮֡ȻڻδȻѾǰߣܹĿԽԽġ
ʵŮȥԺѧö飬Ҳǰعλʱ飬ӴѧòŮӵһϯ֮ءĿɨڷŵļᣬڣȻҲֻܿŮӵԺˡ
ϧԴ¶ϧɫعʵߵ̫ˣȻһջøһЩ
ڴǰǧѧãֻˡֻҾԣŮӣܶϰ֣ȴҲҪԺŽһһֱع۵ǻΪ࣬ǧĵһλŮ࣬˾Ůӽѧö飬볯Ϊ١
عʢúɽλž޵ةʧս֮Уԭٵһжʹ
µıﲢδȫȻĥ֮ʱҶľ֮ȻܶϰֵŮӻȴŮԵӰҲڻʵ֮տԭ֮ջٴϸ
Ҳÿһߵúʼǰߵġī̧ۿͥʱŽɫϦȥ
ȴѵõڴաΪ֪һڵڶ
ֻԺǰĻ̸عۣȻҲƾ˫赵λ
˵عӢţβǡ
īϸ֡
һʱǰûϼҲδʢŵֻб˼Ƭһߡ
񡭡Ľݽ
л˵
ٸһ顶Ϊ¹ɰ롷ԤİûĻӦþհİˡĽݽĹ¡
ȤĻԵղأ
ݼȺƫִ¹xĮ
ĽŮ֮ة֮λʱԵǳҰɵĿ⣬׷ɵԡ
˵»谮ˡ
ʵҲԡ
ҹҡҷĵ£Ϣľ䣬µ۵ݾǰ覵ЦݣѵĻҵġ
εǰҵģ㲻ϲô
¶Ȼɫת˲Ѿһ£ģǲǸϲǰңǽϲĻҿݡ
Ľʹ޹Ūǧ
壬ֻܲಡ齡
ֳӹӹµµȴӦоС
˴Ӳϣȴֺݺ顣
첻Լȥȡ
̳ĸ׾ɫòһµĺƤҡ
ܶ˶ãпϻʵ۶ų޻԰ȻΪȹ׵һ
ģ޺ġĽϸѡһöõӡ
ϧǰ֮ʱʶԭδ˫µۡ
빫´
һԱħ
ɽڣɽݡ


202ӿ
һ뱣ܵġ
ⲢȺɳһν뺬Ԫȴͷһձ
λбαľɫԽذһׯȡֻһֳֻĵطϵ飬չ⽫۽Ⱦɽơ
׵ĳȴսս
ϾҶ˽Ż֪ǰٺ»ӵĺѾͷʱ֪ЩϷͬѾ˾ЩŪ˵İϷȻˡ
޲סһϵ飬Ҷһߵ篸һ£Ƿ¥ϰȻۣ¥Ҳ룬Ը⼸˵ڼʲôҪΪЩֵǰ
һҧ£Ǻ篸ڵŮӣȫ峭ңûĴܾ֮ˣǶ
֪ǰЩʱյǻ£һЩļ֮Ѱ·Ǽλ͢ôǼաҶδָǼˣƽص
£һЩɷһûǼܾɸЩﳼ֮֮
˻ҶͣдĶʵıʸǣ¶ʱЦġ
˫ɫζչҲ۵׹ճһɫ˵ĳɷ
Ȼδŭ⣬ȴõڵļ˼ʶԼ˵˻׷׹ߵףˡδð֮⣡
ϾɷɷҶǻδϹɷ
ҶЦһǹڱĵ棬˳һᣬպóҳңţûͷˡѸ£ǰɷΪֹ
£αˡЩﳼ֮󣿡Ȱ֮
ҶĿڷԵɨһȦĿͣڷԵҵһϣ䣬ĺܺ棬篸ҵŮôһȺ¥ŮҧŲţ
˵¥ˣ
ǸΣյʾ䣬Ȼҳڸеķֺ죬ųŮ˵Ѫ׬ԸƲģ潼ҲгһհѼݡӵиȨʱϣңֻЩﳼ֮󲻸мµĶ飬Ϊ
̷֮ΣΪƫҪȥ潼ˣҶʣ˵ҲܽպǼҵ䣬ĺöҲȥ¥
Ŀֻһ˲ܿҶػüۺЦģ侤ҵҵȷõһ졣
ڵϵʱͷ󺹣Ȼ֪Լ㲻ףԼǲĶӸǴһѵĻ¡Ҷȥ飬˵ԼĶӣԼȫ嶼ܱΡûȫҲھһ֮䡣
αΪ˼Ůڴ˴أ
ʹ棬˿ڣŵʴʥ⼸ԵһѾ꣬ȻҲ˳絹ضԴû顣
׼ʱҶȴõһگݸԵŮ٣⼸̻֮أŮŮģһ͢ʮԽûؾǰ̲ۡ˲һ飬ôǮЩط
˵ţƬֵ̣޿֮ͣر糯ǰٹٽҪ޹ʲȱϯ
Цһ׼뿪ļˣλҲҪǵ
⼸˵״ʵ޺õľڻǺʵĴǵʱ䣬ɱӺպеʰǵʱ
Щ֮ȻΪµĶ˴ۣòʲôޣңȻҲֵüαīī
͢Ǽˣ͢ʮһСĿοҶĴİʾ̵ʿҵڶռ˵Ĳҽ쳹ţֱѪⶼΧ۵Ĵϡ
⵱кü˱̧̳δþһغٲ֮ܳ࣬һҲ˲мǱȥ˰Խ֮طȡ
Ҷ̾ϢһΪȺණʰȺ㲻ʲô¡Ƕ뿪תڴһֱõģԱۡ

˵ʲôΪʲôҪʹȥʹԭϵ¶⣬طϵ£Ҷ͸κˣ̸Ҳ̸á
ĽݽǿסеĲͣʹ˵ԭڴˡ˵̫ޣÿζҪ˷ȥһЩԶ׼Ķ
ûȥ̸Щʲô춯صĴ£Щ⽻»ʵǻܸȥƾʵ
ذڼȨһ£ɼʹȥҲ˼ëͷǱ׼һ°ɡ
ҲҪһͬȥ
Ľݽ赭д˵һ䣬ȴŵذڼ㶪ıʣȥʲô
ŮһȥȻϲŮˣǼƻĹؼʱ̣ݲðʧ
Ȼȥī衣˾ݹأûЩʵݣǼġ
ҶǰĸվԱصԴºھѸٵվȽŸҪīİīھǵİ꾭Ӫƿسðٹ١
ȻиԭҲܲѩĿຮ֮ˣܻؽϴһʱҲ
壬վ¶ȵġ
ô죿Ҳ´ݾߣذڼɵؿ
¾㱸㲻ÿ졣ܾĶһһէĴˣǴˣûбҪִ󡣡֪ʲôζЦ
³һ֮֮ϣԸⱳҶ
ΪʲôأĽݽְǼűֽɷּϸƷΪƯּ뱣סԼܵģ۵⣬һʼһЩССҪٲϵؼ룬ѾܾԽ޷ͷ
ֻҪӦҶһˡĽݽȻⲻīԸһȥһµľīĽֻûһ㡣
ȻϲҪߣǾһҪ۶ϳ򣬲ŻƿءһǸԼ
Ľݽһ϶ذڼҲƮƮȻһͳԭĻ롣˴£ǰȥг⡣
һ뵽ǸŮ˴䵭ܱԼԻٵ͸ˡ
ĽݽΪҪǲ±˷֣ԼȻҲ㡣
ĽݽҵɱȶĶҪӲǰϧǶûһ졣ذڼЦ׼дƶʹһ¡
ѾȲˡ
㡣
ѾúƮƮȻ־ĴཻʵϣҲûеļԪڼõ»Ҫֵ׼
ţԪڼвīס
Ͼ
ֽϵ
һ뱣ܵġ
л˵
漸迨ûʼѾҪˡ
Ȼжīܾǡô¡
ΪȫĳߴʣҸµһ֮ǰ˶ѡ˳ԣʲôдĹҾд
ϾΪȫҪ¶˵ĿúϸӦõġ
ʾʲֹһȽɢطɢǰģӺľͿʼаʡ


203ܽ
Ǿ
סչ͸ҶͶϣƲ֦Ϻպɰˮ߱ʶ
ǰŮһֳŰһִʣüۼ価Ǵݣżü̧ѹϵһ۱ۿɼٶȱ͡
ɽ¯гˮڣżз紵ôҶҡڲӰҲ֮ƽĳȹҡҷâ˻Ʋǲ֪ƣ룬߱Ħһ¾õģ
Ҷϵ̧ۣͷƳ鰸԰ŵ齡Ůƺԭڿ飬벻С˯ţŵ鶼ѵʧضϣһͷδ˿֮䣬¶һѩ׵ۣչаʤ
续У˲̾š
ҶȴƫƫˡʣŲīߣΪɵشڶԷͷ¼ʡ
ڴʱǱ̫ƽǡºȻǰӲ֪ɵġ
ֻջرʣЦԭû˯ŵģ
˯ˣˡǱ̫ƽǡÿ¶һ˫ڰ׷ͫüԶɽۺ¡
ޣǺ͸ùң˰Ρ˵Ȼûаεɫ齱ùīеַҳīȷˣ˼顣
ԷѰ˸˯ˣڰҲü
ҿǶӣԼ˯ҶһִֻļֹסĶ
ī۽ǵЦݼԲüͷȴ˿ȷǱµ£ҵģΪʲôģ
֪Ϊ˱ӻǳīȤζٻԼգƳƺҶ֪ī貢Ǿ֮ˣԼĹϵҲھƫƫȤⲻ֪䡰¡Ҷиζ
Ǳ̫ƽǡҶɵ˾˵öԣӵȷǹ¸¡תī裬ŹɫУָֻ⻮ԼͿ˴֬Ĵֵ꣬ī촽ڶԷɫĴοһĨ̺죬Щ£ȴֻܺͼ˾ġ
ī赱ȻöҶ֮⣬׼롣һֻļϲ˵ӽߣȤζؿԼرܵЦַЦ
ڻǰ졣վǱζ񿴵飬ߡ
ԣÿĻȣҶɫ޹Ҫװơ
ī̾
ֻԽЦ̣˼ζ⹬м˲۾ҽ˾ڵķ
⻰ȷ۵ǻΪ˱ʹǼ˾ãרڻʹƧ޽Ƿī衣˽֪˾ϲƽȻ˱ҪʹӶ
Է治ɫװƣȻҲֵī޻˵˵˵£ǱĸǿӲľܾʽеĿݺƢˣҲܾ
īĬȻ˽ǶԷİʾ
ֻƬ̵ĳĬе䱻˻Ž档̴ľģһ£īֻʶֳס档
ڴ˴òī迪ڵ
Ȼָֻڴ괦һ㣬ֹסδڵĻļᱡò϶׹أɴƴ䡣
ķ紵ҡɫӰ߲ҡΣͶǷδĴͼɰδɡߵ೤ᣬӯǲľ㣬ǻꡣ
ңķ˿ƣ塣סָȶ޳ָ⣬ϡ
УУǡƶϢ÷ء
ڿҲķΧڵȣʪȵϢҲڼ֮ϡ
ָ»Ҳȥ˼ЩıҶɫЦЦϣô
ī̧ۣ֪ԼڵģǱҶģ˫ɫ۵׵ЦҲƲϺ⡣
᲻ص˶Էһ£á
ҶȴЦһϸO@֪ЩʲôȻһǴһԳõıȡһСǴ
ͻı̼īһ£ȴػصǻЩô
ȴЩʵܿҪҶߣ˶ˮ̫ʪˡ
Ҳȱһɿ֣īǴźã˵Ļзġ
γѵ̧ۡôܷŵȣ
Щ΢յؽʲȥһߣ˻ЩϷ
ѱ׽ģЦЦ۾࣬ǲ˵зģ
īӿ𲻺õԤУȼ䴥бڼҷһˮۡ
ҪĶܿ챻ǿӲסҧǾ
ҶͷָӲƬ̺սȴվ޶෴
β뺣ߵϢҲ顣֪Ǻˮˮ۽ʪоˮʣƬ峺ҹҹꡣ
۽⿴ȥĻ䣬ɫԳƵ䵭
˴۵ģҪ֦ͷ¸ߵĻҪҹո׹*䣬ҪɽѩԼġ
βڻں˼䣬޴ѰֻЩĺۼ
ī̱ϣ۷˿ϵĹļ̳¡
Ҷһֳ棬һֺϾ̬ݸǱģ
ȥʤĵգȴ£Է޷䣬ָᲦζ׹أͷٰб£ָ촹ϡ
ǰȴüۺЦǡ
մƬ˳ֱקų뺣֮䡣
ȥϵĴƬˮۣ˴齣ֱս䣬յҲɢȥ
īϣ۽ް봹δƵó˿Ѿ롣Ҷϴ齱ߣϵǶѹģİ㿪ڣκǱߵʹ飬һ֧ʹ뾩˵»ʵǻ
Էòֻ̧ۣ˼Ƭ̣δ̫ϣôʵκҲ޻̸ϸŲһʹڵݣӦһ¼ɡ
⽻ˣڳҲҪ˵ЩαĿ׻ġ
ҶҲûѴµһ£Ӧһ
ī費֪ʲôЦһŵķʽǲԪڼֱʡò˵ЩΪȥڳӡ
㻳ˣ
ԷЦֻ˯ϣָ⹴Ҷָ
ˣ¡
Ե˶Ϊ˳޷Ҵϱǡ
˯ɡ
Ϧڻ̽úҶԴҡܽޡӯӯ
ƬңԶξ
Сۣܽ֡
л˵
дʱһܺЦ˵0δǼ¡
[Թ]īھǰЧġ[ͷ]Լ¡


204ɷѩ
պʱһ𡣡
īٳǵļǻïҶ죬·޾ͷ
ңԶĶűصķ˪³ľǡ
Ҷκʱ˴ʲôøУսѾãǰ棬ޱߵķѩ֮С
ϧһ֮ɼҶٲϲȺκˣ໹ʢװϯ˹֮ϡ
˿öƽݣյڳҹͨ
λľŻԳһ羰۽ǵЦƵ޿ޣȴܿ۵׵ֻעŵڵƻԻ͡
սӼκʹҲδ̸ʲô
ҶԴ˱жڴйµӦʹ
µʹ¶ǺмƮƮȻƣ£رٵǴ󱦡
ϵĵֻЦӦһ䣬Ͱʾλá
ʹʱڸпû뵽ʮǰµĸףջҼ¡ɫлµĸ׺ư˫۾
˼ž˿ƺͣƬ̣ڸƽҲڲסѹֵϢص
Ͼ˭֪һɵĻ⡣
Ȼŭɫֻƽظŵڣû뵽Ŵ˾Ȼǵ޵ĸס
¸ʱһҲڴκۣʶʵڼ¡
ƻҶɫģ壬ֻȴٳûпڡ
ֹ͢ʵĲЩ˵ĹƣҶȻʹǾƺʧԣ෴Щ˸˵Щ֮ԣ˭⡣
ĳĬһѱĵ˵ͷ­ϣ˶صȴĴ𸴡
൱һʱ䣬Ҷڣϧ޵ĸɽķѩ֮Сζɨӹʹλãλκʹɷģ󾰾ڣᷢʹĻ֮¡
Ҷ仰˵Ưõձľ˿
֪ǲǵҶնʹı֤ʹǻδݴڴκ̸ֽڣ಻䣬˻
䣬Ϊ˵ĿĽ㡣µ۵Ĵ󳼶ŭĿӣֻ³ٺ»ɳ
ϾӦҵλĸŮȴֲЧɭɭ׹ڵλ֮ϡ
гӰ಻סŭ⣬µĸ֮ʿײлӹ˳Ӧˣ֮࣬쾭壬ʿ޲ķЧҢ˴֮£λߣʵ֮¡
Ҷŵ´࣬ɫҲȻƽ·ʱ֪ٹ⵱ڮٲ棬ʹĥƤӣֵΪ˶࿴һۡ
̧ʾ˰ſκʹ޵ĸ׳ʹκʱʱĵۻ޵ĸҺѵܹȴ֪۱ţףκʼڼТβЧܹ껹ڳ
*ĵۣذӺ֮ذڼ֮*ۣذӺ
ײ֮Խ˫Цǳȴ˲
⻰κʹձذڼЩʲôȻһģƫƫλԼ飬ҪĴԼТȲΪǻµǽѱ͵Ҷϡ
Ҷ޷ǸǸҳŮȴ³ľ
ذڼֶ߱߱˱ҲüĿ
ҪذڼΪܹ֮£Цˡ
ڸǲסO@ЦҶڻ֣ռ磬αض̸ĪҪ
˿ָƽģ
κʹλĽݽȻذƵĹˣֵһƬ֮αװκʹŵŮⳡҲ㲻ʲô¡
˵ЩûϻΪȻǲȤģЩʹڹҶȻԪڼ⡣ϧΪӦڴԷļǣԼϻմֶѪ
ĿⲻɫɨӹˣֻΪѰһ˵Ӱϧڡ
˾˶ⳡ̬ǺԼһġȤĿ֮ˡ
Ҷݣī͸ٳЩȤĹ볯֮ϡ
˶֪Ǿ޴ڵӰӡ

īٳ¥
»ʵǻɳ𣬰ŶɹϴǸۡڵ˾е
ǰ챦żڵŮӶ࿴һֱۣһ¥Ŀ̨ϳʿһᣬϱīľ֣پԳɷǡ
λ뿴ǰˮ¾ʿ漣¥򡷣ʻˮϷǣȷ漣ɡ
ðŮȹĻ졣
Զ¥ԶԿȥȷǽ漣ɡ
Ҳڴ˴ԭ
¥ѣ黭ʢƷȴ֮٣Բ˶漣֪ļҵĴ֮䣬ųڡ
һ¥̨ϵʦϲؽ⸱ƷƷȣ¥򡷸ĳ֮λĪ
ľų̂棬ǧġ
𣬿ϧ黭֮վ䱦͵Ե֮ˡ
ż۸񺰵ӽʮʱǴɳֻλżĿ˾ۡ
С㣬ֶż۾ǧҪӼô
ŮĲǰī䵭Ӱīϲ޶ɫֻЩ죬Դ»ʵǻɳīٳܣ˵Լ۵Ĺ֮١żԼʱÿζֻԼļλ϶һǧ
һ㡣
һĻЩʶ
ʮ
ϧϵĶڱصá
ʮļ۸񱨳¥ž񽻻ܳ룬ְΪ黭һǧһżλȻҲв²ġ
αλµĺǰ˸ߵأ
ʮɻ˼Ӽۣ
Ȼ¥ž
żλҲû졣
塪
ġ


һ
һʦһżңң񣬡Ǿ͹ϲһżλʮ¥ˡ
¥Ķܿ죬Ƭ֮󣬱㽫װõľһż䣬С㣬µġ¥򡷡
īӦһ̧ʱŮг˾ᣬиµľУʲô
ޣǶӶżĿˣһλĽݵĹ˵ϲ֮͸һС͹¡ŮɫسľС
Ľݡʱīü΢ɫݱܾ
ˣżֻʣһˡ˿ȥԼ߼µǰ漣ֻСĵشɵľС
ŲۣļҲڱϢɢ
ɫĹâʣڱĿʯںڣֻǹѪɫɫӳڵһƬѪɫ
ڽ仹һöֽֽţİƯּ
պʱһ𡣡
л˵
ѣϾûкóԵñ0ֻẰñϾûŮ0ֻССŮ
ѣˣˢѵʵˡ
ңպô֪ⱲӼдŮԶǳѻԶԱx
ܹⱲֻܷۻԼˡ


205
˵ɣҪʲôҿʨӴ󿪿ڵʲôز
պʱī׼ʱԼ
ֽԼĵصڳϳŵĳǽϣҹʱ䣬سǵʿҲ;˵ء
ʹǶҹУҲǾ겻һϮ¡Գǽνɫ·Բ⣬ԳǽѶ
Ӵ˴׽觴ӡ觴ӣΪκ磬غϿκʶ̳ǡ΢ɳƵŽıʸУͻأҹɫ¡
۽ǵƳԴǡվڳǽӰ£°ڴ䣬һϮҹзҹɫҲֻһۣīջĿ⣬£Ǿ硣治֪˴ĵ󾰻ʶ
ȷʵһ˲ΪӦĽݽû뵽Ԫڼ
īѣǰһ߳ӰԹԵؼ觴ֱ̳ǣغɽ觴ԭҰãţ򡣡ָŴ˽ģʧɽʹެϢʧ֧ɽʹҸŮɫ
ذڼ۽⿴Եī裬¹ɫ£ǳȻųǽºˮʣͣϢ·ûаȤˣ׳ǸıѾõ⣬Ǽ˾ɽĶ
˵ЦɽκأȻȥȻĸպõǲʳƵϹȴһ䵭
ȴԼش⣬ɽĶѩ׷ɣݲĪ˵ţǧɾ̣ǿຮ֮ء˾֪ȴ֪ġ
ī̧ͷĿԣ̶˵ʲôҹ뾰ңΪɻ֮¡
ɶѣ˾αĮذڼֻЦֶһ̬ȡ
㲢ǹˣ޾ɿ𡣡ֻһۣīȫȤջĿ⡣ذڼ̾Ǻ£˻ǲҪκξĺá
Էȴǿнߣᡣ㲻øпô˾δȥ£췭ظ𣬾κŮˣŪдơѲǵңҲΪ֮𣬶ƫƫ˾ڻǾļ˾
ذڼĿǰӥĿ⹳Ƕϣʱ԰ѪΪʲôأīϵļ壬û˱ӽǰΣȴҪλùãԾӼ˾
жīֻ˳ֻذڼһޱ䵭
ذڼǵЦȻüī裬˵Ļ𣿡ֱգҲ֪ǺжٻԹҲ֪Ǿı˶ãĸīܿɿΪЧҵģᴦĻǵҪıĹʹأ
ΧĿ·һ˲̣ս㡣üͷ΢΢ѹī·ڴ˿̶ЩȤвңΪڼõҵİѱ
һЩڸǵʵˡζؿʳǵλãֻǲ֪ЩʵõҲ㵱˵ĳЩ֪θ롣
īƣɫԪڼѾ˼ʹʹִĻǵװī٣ֻΪ˼ңǳɨӮô˵עӣ˵ɣҪʲôҿʨӴ󿪿ڵʲôز
ڰմ󻮳һߣ˷ԱʮݡԴ˾κͨУΪ֮ڹ黹ʣΪ֣һж̸
˴īҲЦʱؽҲˮĻΪ֮Σɥֵ֮ܿ׻˵ֵ꣬ǽǸࡣںЦǳһּ˵Ϊ֮ǰȲ㽣˵Ѫ𣿿Ҫأһμ˾
˾޵Ҫ̫ƣ޿Իһذڼⲽߣƺ븧°ڣֱԷһܿ뾰లԸ˫ӣʾ⡣֪δл䣬ãɼ˾κȿԾ۳⣬ֲʧݡ
Цͳƣ滮ʯӣôϤĴҶ˵ɽˣξأ
Ԫڼȸ߿ͿҡҼȱȲʮݽɽ𢣬ȴҲԶκΪʡҹĽЩ䣬ҹԴۡ
ȻѾī裬ĳҪôЩӹˣҪôЩư͡ȴϹʮ꣬ң䱻Ʋ֪ңʵΪֱ֮ʡʱҶױī٣Ƕ̶ʱԷֲóƵۣٹ١īΪʮ꣬һһ۵ļ£Ȼ˵زīϵֱʡȻڳֻ죬ȴλùãǻ֮īϺ˯ԣһ֮֮ϵλãֻ˵Ƕ˶ÿԡ
ذڼɨһۣ·˶ĵҪ˺Ǹ䵭ƤΪȲʮݣǶҶȴȻǸԺѡ˵ʱ֪˵ֻ࣬ôأʱʮأǷԶ
Ѿ¶˿̵ãڼѾȫסȨ˾֮ѵãٵȴסôõƬأҪȥ˼⣬޹ء
ذڼĿδīŲ֣뿴ƽϸȴľŻŭīüͷȴ˵һɵĻʮ괺ٹУҲС
֪Ϊ˵£ذڼףȷд¡
ʱ˵ʱ裬һ㣬һ衣˫ҹɫ֣ϲŭʱ죬˵κϥҲף˰ҲĸΪȮҶȴҡͷ˵ȸұƹʱ´裬Ұȴ죬۰зųΪл¡
ۣذڼǼΪЦۺ۹⣬ʶˡ˵ˣҺܺ˾ҵˡ
ǲ򹷣ʱūϥĹͶٿⶼò㣬һʱֱ任Ѫͷʣһī䣬бǽԫϣɫ䵭˪ȴ㹣ǺûӥȮȴҲǴ󡣡
īذڼüͷŭЦ벻ཫ뾰ȣ˾ݶġû̸ˣ
¹ֻŲһҹɫУҶλã˾˾ǸǬıһ£·Ŷ޹ء
ڣǰȾʷ·Ǵ䵭͸ֺ⣬ذڼ㲻˵µġ֮ǰκҶȥݣҪϢ³
ذڼһЦī裬ѾڹŹ߹أϧաǾͱһ˭ɡ
һ仰ƮɢڱС
ãſαٵģ˾
л˵
һǰڱȽҪķʵ㣬һߡ
.1.34µһҶĸӦȻƽʱõĻݳĺҲõĸϣĺӦ
.2.67Ҷҳ
.3.68ʵͰʾī̬ȣ治ʶֹĿʯôϸı֣ʵʶġȻǻƭ˵ġԭлᵽӦҪһš
.4.85£123Ӧ
.5.154£īΪDǸΪʲôǸأʵΪҶǰ乬Ǹ
.6.146-148µ£ʵΪдҶǰ乬İߡ
кܶϸڣͲһһˣܶǿīһʼҶǰͱ൱صΡ
ܺ޵ȥīܵķأȻкܶԭӵġ
ٵףǼд˵ģȷʵһʼеҲͦ࣬22ĴҿҲ˿ʼľзһɱòҲûʲôгˡ
ҶҲûʲôī棬ҪǿҶļͥ״ܽ״Ҳͦ˶ѡ


206Ľ
ҵͬıҿҵܡ
ҹķ¶ظʱīɫȻƽ
ԪڼʨӴ󿪿ڣȻܴӦ˵֪ܵʼǸֻ˵͡
Լ˼һʱûвǱİϢֱͥԺڵٻҶҡ֮ʱȻʣɫ»һ仡
ʲôˡ
汻һ᲻صصֵݱ»Ž˽ûסļָڴ֮ϣ꣬Сһ㣬Ҳ룬ɣ
Ů˵Ỻ΢βĭеľȣֻһ˳뺣
īķӦ쳣ƽȻнʺ񡣡
ʱıһ˲ʺĽǰɷĽʺһѪ⣬ȴī裬ȥһӵĲơȴ־Ϳīʺָظܵ
ŨüҪûīüϲϢ
˽֣ʺֿīĲ
ֱЦһָµѪػصظţī裬Ҷƣմ麵Ľңϳƺҡôȫ¶֪ܡζؿԶլԺԴ͸ǵ⣬֪Բ˵۹⣬ܻĳЩ˵ġ
ԣʺĽսʣɿ֣¹ӯӯ
īһοֻóʷеˡ
¹⽫˿ϱѩһ˪ɫֻŻһˣ𪣬衣
ƫƫѩļβϵ׺Щɫʷ飬ɸʤȡ
۵׷䵭Ļʱ纣겻ɢıʪ
ۼ֮ǰīԤǸʷоž޵ӦֵĮ࣬ۺɽģ
ǰ˻վԼǰʱǿֲζ
һߵԼߣҵıĽ񣬻޵ĳĽݽҡһϲĳƺ
۵׻Ц⣬Եº֪͡һôֲĴڣֻīһܲӡ
Ϊʲô񣿡īʣȷЩ棬Ϊʷµģ֡
ศعۿ̫ƽʢǧϾǧһŮ֮ة֮λˣȻҲռĽɫ
ûôΪʲôΪǸϣͺһĽĵؽͣеЦҲԵ÷ࡣ
ƲϡīܵϣҲīϣҶԣֻһζѡȷĻȻԸԼīܵŮȻϮ˹ǵ츳˳صѪ𣬺ܶණͳΡ
ĽѾͥԺ˸λ£һֳ򢣬Ϊؿī裬īȴ൱ظ鷳ҵġԪڼĵΣ
īƲ⣬ֽȻĽֱʣԪڼĹֿдôƯ
Ϊҡ
˼򵥣αǰ£Ľмüͷ㣬Ҵ󷢴ȱһѡ
ζؿµī裬ʵ췽ҹ̷㲻һʨӴ󿪿ڣҸķء
ԪڼĶȻΣҲΪĽжôģҲûǧ˵Ĵ㡣
ĽȴʲôЦһЦī裬Ҫ㱾ҳӣֵĻʵ۱ǰ漸ˣɼ˲ֻ̣д
˼ʼǱֱģ¸ߵͬǧɽѩ˵ĿҲں˵ҳӻǿգҲīѡԼԭذɣҲӦġ
ðѻ˵ôƶĽ˰ʯϣûΪīľܾɥī裬㶼֪Ҫʲôαؾܾ̾أ
Ȼ⻰īĿͣƬ̡
ҺԪڼһڼİѱ㣬ҶЩûȤ˵ףͱȥûкôҶҪǸصҳϲּ֮£Ҳһ
ȡǸ̶ĵصȼɻڣīʲüۡ
ֻͬһ׵ģһ˫ӮĽס
ɫǣһ㼥Ц⣬ĽҲ⡣
ŮгɫڽӲƬ̣īҲЩ֪ĵ١
һҲѲ²⣬Ľ񵱳īٳǵĻʹص׽Ӵ󷨣ȻҪҪ֮¡
ۿĽδʴüĿʱеĲ²֤Ҫάֳô
ĽǵЦάһҡҡ׹Ļȣ̸ҩյ̣󿪿ڵ㿴ϲʹ˽ġȻ֪Ҳ˷ѿࡣףī裬ҪѪ󷨣ºҿԴӴʧٲ֣ҲӴڵصס΢ͣһ£˺֪ܵˡ
赭д˵ʱīָڿ۽˱أָڶףôĽ*㻹ͼתҪīȥѪ䣡
վɫͫī裬䵭ֱͬһ۱õģֵһˡ֮ǰʮ꣬㲻Ҳһôסôī裬֪ܵõʲôҶĳǧҵȱģֻҪī绹մһϧܷҲҪȥٻ󷨣Чҵˣǧ
ˣҷֻΪ˽˲죬ֻΪǺõľΪǧ翵顪īߣԸȴֱĽס˼
翣Ҽܹƾʲô翣ҿ԰ԪڼֻҪ룬ϾʬҰɱҰʳʬףõֶΣκĹͿ˫ַϡҪҪϲ֪ٲɣĽϣһܸĶմ麺ңңīѪķȻѾʧҿԸ֡
ƻ󣬾Ķ㲻ӵôҶͬѪ̳лλͲлĵļ˾Ӵ˾Ļʵ۶Ԥ֪γǧ
ĽѾܹ̫ʹҲ汲ı磬ҴһʼѾ˾ѪΪֹԼ£ҪĴܿĽеĿ⣬뽫ƿԼ֮仹ûĳ𡣡
ڽӴĽʱȴȻʹֻ׽סԼһƣؿʯıԵ
īֻܱʯԵסȥ·
ҹɫ˫ɫӿ¹Ҳɡ
ȴַŹ̵ķ
Щ翣㻹һᣬҵͬıҿҵܡĽڸīǣȴֺϧסĲϸǣϾһʶ̧ٵˣҶ١
ЦȻͥġ
³Ҳ֪
л˵
˻ʣĽǲǾʲôʧȥ˰˲Żѽ
ǵĹǿһ飬һֱֺ޵صķӾ״̬
ʲôʧȥ޹ء
ôŮôһأء


207
ĽҲмڹ
ĽϵСһ㴭ϢĻᡣ
ҵͬıɣī衣ƺڿԼ͸翵ĶҿطӴԺǾܵĺ顣
¹ļ覣پ£µĴĥûκκۼ
Լ룬һһҲ׷󲻵Ը
Ľɿ˶īǯƣָĦǣǰ١һӵг֮󣬵ȹ˰Ĺͻ֪֮һ磬ʱﶼ糾̡еҳϣĽ̰һҶĿ
Īɳֻܹƻݱ»ŨҪûǿȥµľµĿܣȵֿ֮ȥѡµʲôɽʲô𢣬ֻҵ֮
ŮӵɫʼƽģȻó֮͵ĳ룬ȻһƬبŲѩɫ
˵ȥѰҶ٣ͬıī迴Ľֻ˵һ䲻֪ĿĵĻ
ǡ
ĽδϣԶļǸɫ䵭ŮˣԼ£Ϊ
ȷǸʱ콾ΣµĺҲΪһƬ
룬սǧŵľ˫Ӯ֮£˵ǲǣЩҵĳҶ䵭мسǣϧʶ̧٣˵¶֮ΪҪȥȡ
ЦĽָīļ֪Ȼ¶֮ҲһСźȷʲôûסĽɽ
ǵĻȷͬ˶乳Ĵ̼£ڿī۵׵һ˲
īȻʲôû˵
Ϊ˼ֻ̼Լȷ£ĽϣǰƳңսÿ˶ԼǸλáóҵң˵Ǹλá
ʰǰ̸ˣʱĿⲻ֪ǼǱҴӦǸλáϧƤңʵ̫ˣǰΣȥˡ
īϸԣʷԴعҲ֮ʧû֪ټ˶ΪڰսҼ䡣
ĽȷʵûƭΪʷأóȷʵݵصϻλǸʱϵͬһֱֻܿƷûĹ鳱
ȻǶ̫ˡĽ³Щֱ̣ĿʵۣˣϧҲҸôʱ䣬Ȼͳһĺ󱲲ô̰ᣬȻʴʣ˵ҲҪ׳Ƴ
ЩҪҵԼұǲǰʲôġ̰ﵽͷϣҲԼＸֻҪһЩֵɣϣҵʬԴ˹¶ĸȻҲμҵˡ
ʵˣҵôãȻȺĴͳһôСҲ̾Ϣһ¹⽫Ũܵ۽ͶһƬӰͫмƣį֮УҵҶ١£Ҳ֪Ҷٲʶ̧٣һеҡ
ʼ磬ԭǲҵģϾҲ㲻ϴϲҧˡҲϲ۵׵ҰģΨһŵǣǰһĹ˵ʲôʲô
źڱ㲻ȰҪң֣īԸ̣ܺңలգ¡ƼˣҲʯ١
Ϊ˻
̸ָص˵ī衣
أҲҰĶ꣬ҲǾһָɡ
Ľ񰲾ī裬ī裬ͬ˵ôֻ࣬㣬ֻҪĺߣĹȻǰߡ꣬ҲܵҲෲӹ֮¶档ҺҲҶ֡
óǾͿܵͬıԴ𢣬ɽ˭¶ҵһ֮䡣
Цƺ緢ģϾҵȷô
ԪڼֲִұҲ׼ҿ԰κıؾϣǺļҪƽκǶսҪǮƱҺҶҲһոصľҶ٣ֻ楶û£ôϵٹ⣬ֿɵá
ֻҪһͷֿԱһս¡
ī֡
īʼհţֱ˿̧̲ۡ
ǳǳһЦ⣬Ƭ̺ſڣĽ˼ǣΪĳ̰սսɱ޹֮ˣȴڴ˿˵ֻҪͿԱһս£
ī֣ȴûסĽ֣෴ָֻסĽţ˳žߣҵ󣬡Ϊʲôͬ˵ʹأ൱ңҲ൱ʹķɰɡ
ɿָ֣һĽе̸ˣһ괺µݱ£סĪ̹顣õҩݱ´ɣһʹõĽҩԸȥҩĻþҲܳķɣɼһֶôõĿʹ
˫еĺطӿţĽ߬е̸ˣ΢΢ţڳôī裬ʲôأڳ󷨵ķʱͲȥôͲΪʲôһʱ䶼Ըô첻ҡҾԼȥȡ
ȥȻûдƣۣȥĽЩӿĺ񣬡ȥǧѪޣȥǴ˶ʹ๶ĳҲмӵС
ǰ˵ôֻ࣬Ϊ˹Ҿúܿɱ
̾һɫ룬һźܹʹ࣬Ѫޣ֪ΪҵĸΥ֮£ɱѪծһѭԻҵĹˣñԸˣѰңҲԹԡֻẓ́ضѡ
վ̧ͷʼձֱһ˪ѩ겻۵һǡ
ʼߵģģݴۣ಻Ⱦ
ĽҲмڹ
ĽᶨɫЩֻۣӴЦ⣬ܺãīϲЦѰ·ġī裬ȷҲҪʶ̧ٵô
īֻסǱĳɫµ˶ʯ͸ϾĹâĿʤ»
ͥҡ䣬ƺҲΪܵڽ
֮Ѫ𡣡
ĴָһνУʣٻ£ӰӰӰ´Ǹغϡ
ҲմѪôī˵㲢ǲ𣬵ǹ롣
йѪ𡣡
ɫӡ
Ҳȡ
л˵
ʵĽĺܷīҪ£ġ
ϧβ.jpg
Ͼīȷߣҽ߹᳹ʼա
˵ɫôҵȷϲߡ
ܽҪϢ죬ĥһºľ顣
ԼףԼտ[]


208Ĺ鴦
򳼱Ǿӣˣֻǵñƫѡ
ڳīʱĽʲôŵĶһ㡣
ϾѾϰ˶Ŀ־ǳȴǵһ˵ȡ
Ȥ㲻ʶֲ̧֪ģǵһЦҵ³
ٿȻ綯˱ʧҹɫ¡
ĽʧϢ
Ҷҡ䣬ٻȻݱ£·δ
ĺȻֵһݱ»ġ
ֽ仨С
īƣԼľ̤Ժʱڵ͸ҹɫﷺůƹâ
˼Ψһһյµơ
ʵ֪յѾãŶʱ˲ɫôˣôˡ
ڷڵŮŲҴң£㣬û뵽˵ˣҲ֪ȥ˺δ
ң֪»ñ¾õˡīЦǣ֣ͬȥЩµˣһ㡣
ҶɫһᣬüۼЩǳûüɽɫ
ǰδʱ䣬īҲüۼɫ֮ȥ
֪īһܵˣ˿̶Էֻáµ顱赭дظǹȥ˺δ
ɼǰˣܸûΣȻī費˺£ӦѡԣҶѡû׷ʡ
īص䣬ʣôˣҪ糯ô죿
Խҹˡ
Ҷһ˵һ£жȥϵΡ
һֻؽĶΪȡ췢ڷٴ䣬ָ塣
ҶҲۣüۼоɫ
ȥ½Ҳ鷳¡īɤڶϡ
Ҷ˳ƿĻ鷳ôҲ㲻ϡֻЩκʹˡӦ죬ǾҲ׼ˡ
ңЩ֮ڹϴʴʡǰչϵ£䲢δϯҲ˵˹Ϸʲô
΢һ룬Ҳ֪ⱳԪڼ⣬⼸ʹǲڹϴʴʵġˣƤܻԽеĵطɡôǣ෽Ⱥ֪˴Ǿ磬ݲǷġ
αȥȺ˷ѱ飿Ƕ粵һ䶼ǵۡҶüذ˰֡īӴȺˣҲһȰˡ
ҲȺڮٱµĸס
ڴī΢۽ޣëڱŨڵͫһƬӰ
ӦʱҶɫԶЩī軳ãſڵʵҽż룬׻ţʱָοҡ
Ͼһ븸ԸΥĵ·
˫ֱҲӲƬ̣ƺõôʣΪĸܿŮɾܻͣΪ֮ԺġҪǧ˵¡
Ҷ۵׵δɢȥīδӦ˵Ҳǰο֮ԡӦȻȥ꣬ǸˣҶܹмġ
ϾЧ۶֪֮Ҷ
Ͼ۴ͻҶӦΪ˼ҶΪ࣬˸Ӧ֮ϲ
ڵǻһҲʼ̬ȵĲϿλ¾ҶҲڷ֮ʱ©˸壬ڵļݼȫȥй١
ȻŵڣǱȥɣҲñԹٽͷ˵ƫݡ
︸ڶʱܻ˵ʥеĻ˵Ķʳٺ»Ϊǡʱò棬µõߡĸһԿţȲҲֻؿš
ٺĸױʬɽķѩЩеĻҲûˡ
Ҳˡ
ΪߣҾҹǱ֣Ӧ԰ΪΡ࣬äĿЧңǱĩãī轫ͷļͷ÷ǳǳƶŷӵ
ԣҶһЦ˵ա⻰˵мֹĸо
Ͼ֪ī豾ǲ̸Щι֮µģЩǲȤ˵ֻǰοĳɷ־Ӷࡣ
īֻһЦǾӣˣֻǵñƫѡۣǿҳֻҳӣҶ̶ѡ
Ҷ⻰ļЩ֮ȥҲȻƮɢ
ʵҺҲ룬ҲʹȻҲڸ׵ԼԸ֮񡣡̾Ϣһĸīֱѳɶ֮£űͲֵΪ㡣
еҲǱģīָڲɫؽӲƬ̣ش𣬡룬á
㣬ҶָҲ£иƽôίһ
ᣬ̫ˡīܵع´ǣ˭еί
ôҶֱӣīӣ˫ա
յ˫ڰ׷Ӹ͸۵׷·һˮӳüۡ
ī۵׵
ԷհģЦҲģȻġҳƵһ֮֮ϣ˱£˭Ϊң
ޣҶϱһ⣬˼ڹˣ
ûСƫͷпģõˡ
Ҷһʱ죬īģٻ˵ֱױĻ
ܿϸһ糺죬ôš
Ƿθ֮ԣǿ֮ʡīȴһظɫǴδйĿС
˸һֱˣҶԼֲǲǴֻоֱ˵Ϣˮڵʪᱡȴ֮ȥ
ȾõˣʲôίһҪͬ˵ô
īĲ⸡һ˲Ĭƺһ˲ƺãڣгһգҲΪ޷ΥˣΥ֮£»ԭô
ᡣֻƬ̵˼Ҷ˻ش
ǰ˵ĿģǼᶨģһֱǰӳʧɫ
īû뵽˿ػشԼʣ²ʣһʲô𣿡
ҪôҶ£ģɫ¿ң޷Υ֮£㲻ıġ£ˣۼۼƫġ㣬ϣܵҵƫرƽϺҲرǷǡ
ϣУеƫ
ѡܻ㣬ۺʱεء
ī۵׵ĳʪ뵳һҹ£ǰӵֱ˿̣ļ̻̣ͣϢ
̴ľǳŽҹԼţѰļ䰲Ϣ֮
֮ǧ㾡ֻõһԲ
л˵
[]ܺõĴдٿĻᡣ


209ҵ
ͣһۣǵóԸ
յ峿մȾδɵ¶ˮ̫δ¶Ҳ
ϧذڼȫȻûȥ峿µĿŲҴҵ߹øʹլԺͥԺ
߹һԺʱܽµΣӰҡӳĻҶ£ʵϱĿ
ŲĽۣ´һذڼڣٽڣ㲻ȥʹصôʲô
³ߣϦѽڣҲµ۵ĵٽڡ
ԣذڼüͷٽҲҪһյģҶֻ糿¶ȺʹڵĳأϯһŲϯҲ֪װЩʲô
ǲ¶ģȴҪյģذڼȻԽԽ
ͲԸԼĳ񣬵ƫƫٽиʹأֲԸôκﱻЩ֪ĸ깵ıСȥֻؽȥ׼
һ뵽ԼʱɲСأ͸ˡ
ĽһȻ֪ҶѰӰΪʲô¶棬ȻϦѽмҪ㣬¹¼ҹˣȻ⡣
ī裿Ľָ˭漴¶ӶɫĽǵ̱ĳŮˣǲ֪ܡ
֪Լ仰ҲߵĳˣĽЦһΪ¼ʶ㣬κ翪ţֶ߱¶ˣŮ˵ҲֵôС֡
ذڼһͷˮ֪Լ˵ʲôǵŮˡĽƢŹ֣ͷҲûʲôüƽϵġڶīβǧǰһˣָô죿
ī裬ذڼһǶ˱ŸĽٸдܣԼڸǵúܺãֻذڼºαصһϣʶ̧٣Ҳ׼
Ľʣ̳󷨶׼ˣ
šһǻʱΪЩ󷨣νǴľľǾޱʹΪ˴Ŀģһжֵõġ
ǲͶˣĽۣ峿ůչ⣬ȥ׼Űɡ
ذڼת뿪ʱŮɤ߳ĸǳɢˣֻ߳ţʹĸһ续ϡ
Ϻãҵɳ
ϸǺ˫^ɣ仪ӵȴߺ

Ӧﲻʹ󳼺ķҶľڻعֻ뿿ɡ
˵ȤطŶѻɽ·յĲԼһһ𿪷װƷʱרҵĵ̾
²ЩвٺĶ
͵ģֵÿġҶȱȱؿαϣī跭
īȴЦЦһУóһľݵҶǰֻᵽľϵζپĿ̨
ҶҲ֪ϡʵľͷʲô
ľǷɣľľģഫɣڶ֮ɣڱ̺֮УضľҶɣǧɣǧΧͬżУΪɣΪ־ִԣ˵ɫľģǧķɣľܹаȡľ㣬κףٶ
īСĵؽɣľŻ֮УȻп֮ʣȷɢǧҲ֮ºúñɡ
Ķ˭ģ
īЩƳһۣӦʹʱԳگϪĺ񡣡
˻ҶĿͣƬ̣ȷˣ̬ȣպگҲࡣ
˵ţȴʼտīģǲ֪͵ʲô
ԶԷ̵Ŀ⣬īֻɫؼʱδʱ±֪ˡ
䲻֪ī赽ʲôӣԷ˵Ҳֻܰȴš
īʱ䣬嶣ˣҶѾжϷΣ¹װһȹ
ī̧ͷʱһϮˮȹ޺ܽػüЦӯӯļҪȥεĹС㡣
һʱ㱣·ʹ˻аʱ
Լ֣ò˿ʱ䣬ͬҳſɣ
һЦԼַǰģ֮á

ٽϦѽڣīٳڸ֣ŮгΣΧڡ
īɳεĻҲ֮٣ǰ˸аܼ˾ĻҲ֮٣ʹҲΪҰĸıȴæڳʱѰ˵ӡ
īҶԼá
˵ܿԼµ̫ƽҲԺġ
ۼҶŵʲ̯ǰѡ㣬īЩεӹһЩҪһγһôණǰ
Էȴȫ޵ļӣͷܶθǰӵõĶӣòһ㡣
īǲԸ⿿ܼĵطֻ˸ƧصȴҶŸֽ߳
Ϊռѽڣīûһһ£ǴǳɫĳȹƾŻء
ǡؿҶ˴Ϊ򵽵һ㡣
ȷʵûͨθĸȻڳ¡ҲδرȵϹգֵרȥ
һҶЦŽֽ
Ҳ̫ġ
ƾ*ҶָһƣѾɿ콫һĿС
īΣֻСھ׽Ÿ㣬ڽӴӸĿڸʱ׽ĶȻˣ̧˺Цӡ
㣬ҶЦָȥǵЩмоô
īƺõôʣſڣǱϲĿζ
˫︡Ų⣬㺣һֱǵá˵ңǺиҩʵ׼ģô
´ϻۡī费ۡ㿴֪ˡ
ҹĻĳϦѽڵƻͨҲԽܼڲ׽ˮ˳УͻƼţҶ㲻СīֿȺС
ҶнȥѰīӰϧҹɫ˳ǸҲܿ챻û˺С
ƺûͨȥ
ֻæزȥѰһ˵ӰǧݲȴѰǸˡ
ƴ롣
ͽ͵ڽֵﴩãһţʶԼĳٶۡˣʱǸͷӦ̻ʧɢĵصȴġ
ƾżһ·߻īʧɢĺӰߣÿ˳վʯŵĵյ£ůƳȹǹճһỡȡ
Ī˫ɶԣȴһ˰رһյվڵ£įϲķΧһǵ
Ҷæߵߣס֣ԭһֱԭصô
ڿѰԼʱīһ˲ϲɫʼƽģûȵѰңﶼȥġ
һѰңҶһֱԭص㡣
ֻʺɬ˵ЩʲôīȴѾƵݸưɣ¡
Ҷûƾܣӹյƣͬīһȼ򣬵ȴŵֳſԷŷơ
ǰעȫѰīϣȫȫһȼƣܳһʱûйעΧĻֱ˿̲ŷ˷׷פ㣬
쿴ϣ
Ҷ̧ۣſ֪ʱδһյյƮҹգʱƻͨǺ
ʧɫǳûֻܿȼŷգյϦҹ硣
˶ͣ˽Ų⼸ʢ²λȨµĽɫϧһֻΪչüһЦ
ǰֻһյƣӳڵͫǰַٷȼʼյİ⡣
ֻɿ֣еҲỺַܲطա
Щƶ㰲ŵ𣿡
ҶԼ߽ѯʣǰˮʪ󣬽ƻģůƵǺ
ָֻǺΪȥˮ
Ҫޣ¡
ͣһۣǵóԸ
л˵
ϺãҵɳϸǺ˫^ɣ仪ӵȴߺԵ¡νϡ
ɣڶ֮еǰһб̺嫣붫ȡɣڱ̺֮УضľҶɣǧɣǧΧͬżУΪɣԶ˷ʮ޼ǡ
[èͷ]ΪͻȻ˵˸£һµಹһ㣬ףҶ֡
PSƽϱµĻַգʵʿԣȾȵ⣬ΧҪ


210Ѫ
Ѫɽһޡ
ԼѾǲжδ̤īٳǡ
ӰĽ᲻Ȥǳس̫౯ϣ̫ʱһЩ¡
һ֮췭ظʱҲţֻһ
Ѫڵñڲ죬վʶѵʱѽԼҲһյӰӡ
յīĴʱһǳī١
ټĵصڻʹԷص׵޴С
ǴιҶԸص󷨵ܹ֮ڱãȷû̮ķպ󣬾ͽڷ̶ֳֻȵķӡ㲻ʲô谭
صǽɹ½룬ĵȻ̮һƬ棬ʱǽҲ֪ȥ˺δ
ƬưܵķֻǽϹϵķ˸ӫ⣬ļ̳һأɫľʯǴؾ겻ϵĴ̣·ʵѪۡ
īվڼ̳룬īٴ䣬ذǶѻѩɽ£Ƭ龰Եø롣
ҵĽŲʱīڻͷһ㵥Ц⣬ǰˡ
ټʱδ置Σɫȹϵ׺Σֻ֧׺ٻĹǵԱ䣬Գֹ
ѰҺ£ҿżɽʡ
ī˫ֱֻѰʵǰչÿɺã
һжáҵĻһЩ
ԭ߶ˡɫԵЩį
Լڴ˴棬ܹ鲻ʲô¡к󣬲ֱ˵üͷѹѹֱ׵˵
īįɫʣǰˣ˽٣
֣ҵ϶ʱһ˪ɫþòش
ǰӣӦʶ˵ġīϸ۲ҵɫ
Ǵһɲѳòŵһɱմ麡
ī谲ȴźġ
ʮ꣬սƹأҲ֪Ҷʮ򾫱ѹҪԴսڣҲûж˿ôۡ
ĽҶ֪ƫƫѾܲ˱ҶٵӣԸսñҲҪҶƹءΪĳƹһ۲Ұܣʮ򾫱ȫûҶ죬ֻֻܲʳӡ
ʷأ˽֪֮£īֻױʾ֪Ҽ
һ۱մ̶ӣڿսǰ̽һЩķԼҵīϸ¡ī˲֪˽࣬ΪʱʱѾƹؿսȵīմҹƹʱֻʬɽѪ޳Ӫصܴ𡣡
£˶죬մֻڻѰҶٵӰҪȳòڻȳҶ٣մֻܴæ׷ɱ
ҶΪж뽫֮죬ֻܴعȥ·ϣ⵽׷ɱⳡ׷ɱֻһˣعı߾󷨣Ӷֻڱ߾һֱת
˼ó󷨣ɽˮ󷨻Ȼɣһ˱סӡմѰգҵ󷨵ۣҪƳʱ񡣡
ʱûκһ֪Ůʲô·ʲôݣɱҶ٣մ麵Ҳһȡ¡ҵǣ书󷴵ûôƣɹ˵ϧǶܾˣմҲǽֲľïʢ׹²ӹһ١
ԣīһ㣬ϸ䣬ȷʵûмĽ龰˲书ȷһֵõ㡣
˵ţҲüͷȻⲢһĻ䣬Ҳ֮ŵõϢӡȻҴѣҲˣһֱղˣ˯ʱڳ鴤
Ϊ˸Ⱦ𣿡ī׷ʡ
ҡͷⲻѰĲ֢ʱˣ˵Ⲣǲ֢ʶҩʯҽ
ۣʱڸջԲֹմ޲ߵĿֻŸеظԺⲻǲ֢һ䣬һһֶ񶾵˸ȻԣʻþԶ
ƽģ
մ麵ֻ赭дƹؾȻҶ٣Ҷٱ꣬ȫȻ֪ⱳһ顣
ҿĿ⸴ЩƽķûвοļֵоãҲѰķ֮£ֻܶԼϡΪ置Եʣװٶ֣Զ֮ԹƶŽ䡣
赭дīԣҲ֪ɵȥ֮ʹⶾʹ಻ѷڵɽһ⡣
ĹɣҪѪͳ˲ܳе֮ʹҲûмܹܡƳһۣ䣬ҲҵΪⶾ壬Ҳܲס˽ⶾҪˣ
ûϵĽó󷨣Ȼ񶾵֮أǰɻҵϢ
ǡǳһЦݣմ񶾵䣬ҵʱȻ޲ýǧСǼñȻ֪ʲô·ֻ֪εĿ䡣ú֪¡ٺȥˣȻҲ֪ʲô
˵ţڻⲽ۲󷨵Ĺ죬ʹ˵Ҳֱ֪ʣõַô񶾣ֱʵˣǧҲѼһ
īʰѵɫʯиűĴУͨκصейôϾҲõΪѪĿʯֻκزŻý顣
㾹ȻҲʶϡеĿʯҲս˹۲īеĿʯųܣǶ˶κص֪֮٣ϡҲӽʧˡ
Ϊ󷨣Կʯоˡīɫս֣ſʯӲǶѪ⴫ʹУ漴ɿֽⶪص档
Ͼٶǰ£֤Ѿ޴ӿ֤Ҷ˽Ҳ൱ޡεҡͷѰ֪ʲôأ
õĳĬī˼̨к룬ָʯ̨ϲдļģ裬ǽ˶ҹ䡣
˵ǰƳةڣأ
ŵĳĬúҵľڴ̶ˮ
˵ʲô
л˵
Ķͯڿ֡[]


211Ů
֮ǣ췣
˵ʲô񻹻ţ
ֲŵظһ飬һҲʶ㣬ʵڣҲǵһš
ǵģȷţϣòꡣīһθ˿϶Ļش
֮䣬Ȼ룬ˣ
īͷ
ҵɫԵúѿˣ
ǵģҵҡż̳ʯשϣҺ󷨣
ϣȤҺܿҵѱٻۣīٳǲ׽㺣֮о֮ƣУϢ֮ΪԼȷǿеġ
īһֳ򢣬˵ԼƲ⣬ƳʷоûӰ֪ĽΡҿڣ˵ɽ˷϶֮䡣˵ʵôƳĶңƣĽڱ֡
ȥЩ˷ϣʵΪҪһ֮ǰЩ˽סҽӹĻȻû취ҪӦȥҵҶΪʲôҵ㣿
Ĺǡڸסī԰׵ķɫԼ˵ΪҶܾ룬ҵΪҶپܾҶҲӦҰ󷨵ԭҪѰһ֧ѪǴõѡ񡣡
Ϊĳ֮伫һڿȻҶܾҲ޷󷨳Ȼɢڵʲô
ī贽ǵЦݿɬǰĪ¶֣ռģҲֹд󾰳
κ˶ܹϣֵҲˣԪڼˣ
ȻֹںʱԪڼѾеӡīһôʣоԪڼΪĺ飬ʵЩ̧Ԫڼˡ
Ϳ԰ܾԽκһȫĺ塣Ҳ̾ϢǸѲĽɫʷжһۡ
Ҫ˵ˣȷһīеЩ־ĽɫıӣıƣĿܹԶվ֮٣˷ϣƲĿ㹻Զ㹻ܣ
һҲīҶӣҲţŽ֮͵ĳ֮Ȼ׵ػá˽Ǵת޵ϣȻøκδôҼʱģû°˥ϺۼӯҲκγٶ֮ۡô
Ȼܡ̻ش𣬡󷨶ôһʩУһֵȼ۵ת֮ɽΪǣԴΪѪ޴һܷɵġַֻ㹻أ޷ˡ
һ㣬¶֣κǾֻռһΣԭǶھ֣֮κռɽһǵṩЧӱκܸصķɡ
ԣīһ˲Ĺʣְܿȥ㲻һ¡
ֹһЩīį̬վڰο֪ħɹҲǸķˡǷˣǾ㡣
ǡػظǽϱķģ롭Ѿҵƾ֮

ϵĸĿīٳ֪㡣
κŮÿһ鶼ҧһСȱڣͶٸȻζؽ׻ϻ
ζ̵Ѿܲÿһﶼֻʣ¹ѵĿڸУھ׽ɱ顣
¹΢һСĵع۲ĽɫʱദѾܹĦóĽһȻ΢üͷŲ̬ȡ
С㣬Σʡ
Ľƫͷ˼˰Σóԡ
ڲ죬ɥС㣬ѾīٳĵˣмǹĵģһƲϣūҲû취ˡ
ĽȻظһ飬óԣ㶼ȥ͸˰ɡ
԰ֲһ䣬պҲˡ
ǡ¹΢ӦһʧؽЩ㶼պ׼ߡ
׼뿪ʱĽȴȻסЩʱ򣬼ǵûҡ
¹΢Щڸǲסϵľһ㲻ݵʱū澲ô
ᡣŮѰ˸пţкЦ⡣
ɡ¹΢˵Щʲô
ôˣЩʱʲôţЦɫȴһƬ͸ֹʡ
ûС¹΢æҡҡͷĽӡ
ĽߵλãȻû£ǱŰɡЩ£һʱ
¹΢Ľ£֪«װʲôҩ
īٳǧ꣬īϾīٳǳǧꡣ֪īһ˵ɫƽֻͣļҳһ
ֵʱ¹΢Ѿɤֻۣǿ򶨵ҡͷūֻ֪īǾеţģȴǲ֪ġ
˵īϵǰŮ洴ߵһŮ洱ȡˣߣմȾҲˣȡīףȡ֮֮⡣
ī״ˣo߶īȾҲѧܹ֮ͨǳ֪֮ǣ֪ڼ࣬͵͵ʹˡ
Ϊ֣ŭ޻֮꣬ࡣŮ活ãֻ޳ǣ뷲䡣ǲ˹֪ȴҲҪܿ̽ĳͷ
Ľĵؽ˹£һζĿע¹΢ѵô񾹲һʯˣȴҪǴ
亹Ѿ͸¹΢ĺ󱳣üͷһʱ䲻֪Ľ񾿾Ѿ֪˶Ļ
¹΢԰׵ɫĽȴЦһ˵ѣطϡҲȥѰټˡ
֪ߵڼ飬ΪǱκʹīٶһ죬ձҪ̻κ㼱һȥҵϢҪ˵ֻЩ棬ǴӺʱע⵽ҵĴڣҵĺδ©ҡ
Ľɫ֪淭Щʲô˽ţɱ㣬ڡʱȱ˷̣Ҳûʲôҵ¡ҪǣҪСһҵһĵˡ
սһݱ»ľݸ¹΢
ī裬ͨ仨ҵҡٿȻҡ仨ЦȻҵתӣϾôŬΥˣݺ
л˵
[ͷ]һڽһ¡


212ݱ
ҵÿһд۵ġ
ͬ˵ȫ
¹΢һȹڣŬĽ˵ÿһ仰ظī衣
ڴߵŮɫ࣬¹΢ĸһֳǣٳûлӦ
С㣬ū澻ҪȥôĽֻݱ»ī裬ȴûָǷҪԼȥ
Ѿ֪ڼ飬ȥʱΣ֮УīҡͷʱˣúϢɡ
¹΢ڨڨͷƴīɫѾ겻ī裬ϸɫȴǰǸ֢ģҪ࣬üۼɫʼջӲȥ
Сôǳӣ΢ʲôΪ𣿡еʡ
īȴûлشǸ˼ģʣʱദĽݽô
¹΢û뵽īȻ⣬ôʱϸīɫ
˵޷
¹΢ʵش𣬡ʵҾʲô֮ͽٿˣҲûָʹȥЩʲôֻۻ˺ܿɣҲܴ󷽡
ϸĽһһУֻҾñƣһ䵭̬ȣںʲô߷ãҲ֪ζΣϲΣϲЩʲôϲʲôСûϲĶ
Ķܶ࣬᲻ˣǷʱһ仰ظڶ顣Ԫڼÿһױ䳰ȷ¹΢ֲ
Ķܶ࣬⵹֮СųѲŰֻĽйһ֮ԵīҲƳȻʲôǫѷĽɫ
Ԫڼᱻ䳰ȷɼԪڼȷƵ踺أȻĽ񣬲ͶԷ
ûϲԵúˡ񱲻뽻ҲϲöеˣȻὫ˿ء
Сġ¹΢ЩŵīѰҴ𰸡
˵սʧأīʡ
¹΢Եòţū澲ˡ
ǸӵģˡСƺ֪񣿷֮Ȼһ磬Դ˲²ǹппŴͥԺҡҷͶ¹Ӱ߲
Ͼʷع۲̫ƽʢͳһξѻ
˭ֻ֪һ𲻶ɵף
ʵīеĪĽǸ¡
ǣīϵȷһ˵ഫŮߵİΣ͵ͣ޳Ǳ·䣬ܿ̽ķɣʶÿһ˶
īԼҲδ·ϣ˵Զ룬ֹ֮˵ѷֲټ١οڤڤҲ١
īϳܵķɣҲǿ̽ĴۣҲûʲô
û뵽ĽȴôĴ˵תԼкĿأīΪԼţΪãԼѾνô
ī费ĽǶݱ»
ذ׵ĻĿ÷ʢʢڴĩĻļή
ȻĽҲһЩֶܣ滹ֻҪעԼܸ֮ӦԼĴڡ
ƶ£ԼΪκѡɣ
˼ʱŶ룬īǶݱ»
ʲôôһСƵô棿

Ҷ֪īȻ൱æµѰӰ۽Լ
Ҳ޷ҶˣæҲġУѰīҲһġ
û뵽̤īһ֮ˡ
ͥԺһѾƵĹżĿԣȻûԤϵ˫ĵ
ãЦſ˿ڣµ۵ǻǲӦ˵һ乧ϲ
ǰ̫ˣҵѰͺáҶ֪֮ǰ뿪ӣһֱĺû뵽ھȻī٣֪ǰôī٣
ĬƬ̣û뵽ī边ȻûҶ˵ī֮¡ǲԸҶ֪ص󷨵ô
򵥵ز²һ£ջѡī˹ȥżȻε˸˳īͣһʱա
ҶҺ˼󣬾ͼȥīԺ䡣
Ŷʱī費֪һЩŮЩʲô˼ذһݱ»
֣ݱ»ÿʱڵġ
ƼԼʱ˾ֹͣ˽̸īһ֣¹΢Ͱ£ֻǶˡ
Ҷī£ҲǶݱ»⻨õͦáǰƲôϲݱֻ
ϲī赭ҡͷսģɿʱݱ»ѾƮɢǲϲһϲֵö࿴
û˵ϲ˭ҶĴ𸴶ɿûо⣬ֻİصʱײǰˣīô
īɫ۵׷ǳĲܿ챻ڵϸЩõǰһָ㣬һҲոյī٣δü˵
õĳĬҶϲ޶ɫ仯ֻī*ӡ
˾ɫһ޲ʱ̹峺סȴҲƲһһ
ֻǶӵʱ̫ˣ̴ľǳڶ֮䡣
һˮɵǡ
īķӦѱģǡôӭǣָ޵ͣڴʾԵزŪ졣
ݾϢң෺ǳı죬ĿȻġ
ʱܿ͸˫۾أ
Ҷһʱ㱣ָϸϸĦǵĻȣŴ͸չȥ۾ȴֻչ˫īɫ۵οһߡ
ãõīսһǣʹؿҧֱ꣬ǻڷѪҺͭζԷҲ˳ӵ̬
Ҷ˳Ʊƹ鰸磬ϡĶƲϧīܸܵڴϵʹС
üͷһ£ֻ̧ŶԷЩˮϻδɢȥı죬ϲѪǡΪɫȾɫ
Ҽ˸ۡ
ݰģһͷԵǡ
Ѳ֮鷿֮Уѩɫ¶ڿֱۼⳡﲢᣬקѡ
ȴһ㺬⣬ʼղһԡ
ֻģˮ䣬ɫ۾ЦЦģ
ԼܡҶ˵ţָӵ̧ǣǲģҵÿһд۵ġ
л˵
Բ˶ԲϾԲ
ʲôԲ˵ѱ˱ﲻǺ


213Ѫҹ
ӴһƬš
ʱڣصĺø磬ĺĳԶǷѩ
ѩЩۣڽëϽ˪سǵȥϵĻѩŬ۾
һҹֵعȻһ£˵ݣѾ뱱κı߳ǣ߷Ҫ
ǰѾǾеľ֮Ϊȹܾ̾ƣ˲ƾеľȥפأЩѰʿϵĸء
ĳǹһƬ䣬Щʹʿ˴ģеɫʱ䡪ãһִҪϾͿԻڻסϢˡ
©δʱѵͭΣȴٳٲڵˡ
ߵͬţȻĶҲһͷˮ
ҹɫ죬˴ҴȴǻڵĶ飬ȫװİٷ򳤡
ٷɫҴңѣֱʣѲߵ֧ӣûлô
ʿæҡͷûУһ춼ûӽǣһΪѾӱĳŽˡ
ٷ򳤵ɫЩҹֺ伸֡
ٷڵˣҲûеСز
ųǽȥҹɫعԶķѩҰںڰ֮пС
ֻڵҹɫЩ
ˣʲôѯʵ
ʲôķҵİٷ򳤸ǳߵʿȴԼҲҵĺ
ӣƥ˻Զ
ԣɫ𽥿бĹ⣬ͬһһĳǾжֻܿ׷ɵĳҪ¹û
κˣЩڱ߾פصʿڿ˵ĵһۣѾʶǵݡ
ͭ౻ɿ죬Ѹ֯ųڵؾسǡ
תۼ䱱κӵȷѾӽ˳¥֮£ڳ¥´󺰵ͶɱǣҪʶ̧٣
ʿҲظţͶɱǡ
سǵľٿų¥ǶѺѹѹͷȺǰ»ʹ˵ʲô޺ôˡ
һһΣǰЩɱӣ˵ô໰ô컹ʼȰˣ
ս½鲻ãҲ֪أѸ֣֣żż
ųǽϷļ꣬κĻ̌Ҵҿʸǲʶ̧١
κģǣǣƺһƱȫԼУ
ں¡У޴ĵݱſϳǽκ˼Ѫһʵǡ
ľòһ߷ʵǵʿһѾϳ¥κⲫ
䣬յҹɫͨȺκ֪Ǳʲôħһ㣬ʵǹǣʬ嶼Ѿڳǽ¶ѳСɽȴڲһе
ⳡҹϮͻȻҹɫս£ڻ൱κ˳¥
ѪȾݳǽϵʯשκڳͷѾؾãȴʼղٽһ
ؾκɱȴҲϮĹ֮ЩκһЩʣ򲻻ģҪǲǷܣͻ̳ѰµĽӶ
һŷҪǵĳǵһμ
һ˲䣬Ѿǰӣòὣߵκ񶷡
оĿ׾£·Ȼһ졣
Ͷüκ쳶һЦݣƺȤؿĵֿ
κҪ쿪ҧгݵصֱ۱ǿ񵲿ǰĵС
Ǳı߾سǣһݣκͿֱͨ
Ѱ·ݺһ䣬ֵϼһ
κ˽ָӺ󣬾Ȼͣ˽ĶɺĶͶŲ֪ʲôʲ˳¥
һڳ¥ϣѪɫɢ
ԽԽ͸֧ϳ¥ѪɫŨأϵ¶ӳѪ졣
ӴƬˣδü͸оľǱȥ˻ѪҺһ㣬ƤѸٵظɿݻҰȥ
ֻһЩκ컹Ƭж˶Ƭɺкѣŷ׷׵أµʬ
Ѫ졣
سǽֻܲһеţȥȥȼ𣡣
ƬѪɫﵹأһͷٿֻþȫŷ̨ȥæصȼ̡
̳𣬾һ̣ƬһеѪҲ׷
ֻܵɴۣǰһƺֹˣҪȣȴֻܻӲˤڵأѪҺֹͣʣҲȥ
ӴһƬš
һĵһѩڷ׷£ЮĶëѩƮȻ䣬ƬɺŵѪС

аƳǴ˿̻֪зľ䣬ֻسǵƺ˸ǵ⡣
ʿв֪ʲôֻȤؿǵ⣬ϵǰôˣŻô
ȴԽԽ̷Ƭѩҹ
곤ʿḷ́ҵǲŻˡǷ𣡡
˱ͭ࣬ȥǷ𣬵Ϯˣ
Դ˾˱ı߳ǡ

ƬѪУƬһеѪϷϮȥ
Ѳ֪˶ƥֻ֪ҹһ·ϮϷһ·պҹϵ˾ǵĻʹǰ
ҹΪ֮ڳ˯ľҲůϵһξ

ҹѵģڿһԺİҶīʱ֪һǳʲôʮ𼱵Ĵ¡ûеκʱ䣬̴ǰڡ
̤뺬ԪʱǵƻͨҶλмλĸسҲѾԼλϡ
ÿһ˶࣬ûа־ݡ
īҲ˲ñӣóæ˼һͷҵҶߵλá
һֳǣǸ˼ģΣƽյɫƵģ̩ɽǰ治ɫͷһοģü乵ѹųصƣҲɫ
˲þֱ֮Ҷʲô£ʲôô
λϵҶۣãſڵոմϢǰѩҹκҹϮǣݣƳǣԶǣݣȫݡ
ݣȫޣʧأֻκ֮
üϢ
ҶǺ󣬵ȷһƾıפؾǲǱҪأκ߷֮²ҵȻ൱ĿפפصĽҲţô׵ؾˣ
սΣôˣǱ߷Ͷ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
һص̾Ϣ
û֪սΣûлڹ
κˡ
л˵
[̯]΢һĸ£ǸǸ


214;Զ
ҹɫԲԣѩãã
һþĬ
˶¶ɫѹֵķΧصڵڡ
Ҳһڶûӳ𣿡ϸĦǾⳡϮͻȻҲΡ
ҶҡͷҹŽӵؼӻīٱŵҲݵؾмŴ֮⣬ȷʵûκϢһһ
̫ˣ̸Ҳ̸ãȴȥ鿴ۡһϲ̸ˣѾ˾׼ȥǰ߿
ҶҲΪ˴¡
óѾдõگݸ棬ѾǺˣֱȥȡ׼ǰɡ
£²糯һôλԼ顣
ʲôģӭУѵκ˺̸̸õأ곯ԴϾӲ׽ϹӲдҶֻɨһ۷ˣĿ⺮˪鲻͡
˶ȻҶĻǵĿ־壬Ͼ󱱷ֻܹϷĺʷеǰ˵˴ۡ
ǧÿ˵ġ
Ҷگ֣صطС
ŵƻȥҶɫƣȴָᶨúϵҽ⽭ɽ񣬶ˡ
֣صҶת뿪Ԫ˲ãҹɫС
ټ뿪ıӰ׺һڣܿͱɫû
ľѾ£ڳҲ׷뿪˵ڡ
ټĺԪڣһʱֻīҶˡ
ͨȴղããҹɫ
ҶīֻĬλϣĿؿ뿪ķ
οأҶߵߣʼû˵һ仰
òϣѾϰоҪһīĿī˼άܣǧ©ڣࡣ
õѡףҲûбѡ񣬱¡īſڣȻԴµѡԤϡĳ֮еѡҲ顣
׸࣬ȻҲӰ쵽˸տ³Уܵͳ˧ģȴֻһˡ
̫Σȵȥ˽֮Ĵ㡣ҶѡҲ룬ֻǺκ뷨Ϊʲôǰʹں̸ӹ̶ˣҲҪ˺ƤǣҪ̵о
ڵⲽ˼֮κ䣬ȱ˶°׳ģȴѡǶԪڼǻʱҲûãκĹĳŵⳡս
һʹֻǴź̸Ļ뾩̽أǴͷβûƽīһ롣
վǽϹŵĵͼϣָѾݵݣƳǣԶǣݡ
»ǵɽôʡ
ī仰һ˲伤Ҷ䣬첽īߣͬһǽϵͼıߣɽλλõġ
֮ǰɽҲѡǣֻǻЩڡ˵ǵԭ򣬺ɽһģ
֮ǰ˵ɽ󷨣Ҳѡû˼롣ôΣҲͬԵɡܣܾһҹ֮価ݡȻʲô̵ֶΣŻ⼸бΪǡī˵ԼƲ⣬ɫҺܵ档
£վѪ֮ʲô֮ܵ¡
ҶɫҲ֮ǰһԲΪЩƲô
ǡúڼףһ£ڵ˵̫ңԶڶ졣ЩƲ˵ǣҲͽĻ̡̻
Ҷ̾У·Ϣȵľ
ҹɫҹڽ̻Ի͵Ĺڼ䡣
īȰ賿Щʱ䣬ҪҪ˯һ
Ҷҡͷˣ˯ţߵλãһɣ
īԣֻߣҶͷһص̾Ϣ

峿糯ݵϢʹ˳Ұ
ҰĻ̻̣ڵκ˻᲻Ϊ֮¡
ϢЩЩսУκȻĲҾ緢
ī踺վڳϣһĳĬ
׷κͻȻѵԵɣȻײµ
ĽӰ޴ڣκֻǿάĳԼ־ܾĺôȻҪͳһϱһ
īֲߵԼԼӦ룬ǷͲı磿
ĽһӣĵһЭֻһһεĵôߡ
ֻöһгġ
˿ȴʲôҡҡ׹
̧ۿʱϵľɫ࣬񿴲ȴǲԼĿһ㣬΢΢𴽽ǡ
ǡ紺档

ȥעԼ˴γ˶˵ڼ
Ȳȣһ
ϵʱȫԱɫɣϸѩȫװʿϡĽֵ޼ֻܿҰ׵İ֦ûѩɫ
Ѿܾûеķǰˡ
ʴ峿ʱڳſڵȺӭ棬˸һ棬׷ݵˣ
ʴȴ¶ɫȻⲢʺ̸ܵ⣬һֱ˾ӪУſڵݣĿǰûκλڻǵ͵͵ȥݳǽκ൱ܣͻƽȥ
ʬأ治ţǵ˵ˣܷܲЩʬڳ﷢ðɣ
εĵطʴѹڳ⿴Щʬ壬Ѿǰ׹ǣѪ⡣ôʱ䣬ܾ͸ûѪˡҿϵţ治ֹоͰգҲκʿ
⡱ֵˣҲ˵κصһЩ˼ǣЩκ˶ԼҲ𣿡
ûа취һʬҲ۲ã滹ǸעʵĶƲʬ壬򶼲֪
Ըھͻ֯һ֧ҹϮκʵƫƫεðֻȥȷǵʲôֵķܹô칥ݡ
ʴҡͷǽҲѲߵκЩ׹ǿȥ̫죬ûҽӽϸ
üȻǾ⼸̫СҲָǡ˰֣Լȥ취һʬ
ɣʴæֹû֪ʲôôðգ
ʲôԵģȻݻפκͲʲô˵ĵطʱɫᶨʾʴ
˵ˣܵظҲҪһ⡣
л˵
[][][]ĿĿ
ҲȷʵҪˡ


215ҹ̽
䣬ûҹɫ
ñһּ磬֣𡣱٣ʮվܴͻϮ̳ǣҲȻ
ĵѾʰװ׼Ǳһ̽
Ǳ֮£˶෴׸ֻڳǽӦһҹɫӳǱݡ
ݳǽȷʴɳĳԣʱоֳֻѲߡӰɫδɢʼȷԼɼǰ׹ɢڵ
̶ֳȵʿѲȻסѰѲߵıϢϳǽ˳У֦ϢҹѻҲδ
ڣ̲ס졣֮ǰƲΪκҴʬ壬ҹݣ߷سȴžһǡ
жûڵҹĻһƻҲޣΨһɫʿѲߵĻѡ
ţųھסĽַѰȥҲǿտҲ
һۣŵطһڼ顣
סڵĳȻãԿѰĺۼԺڵ֧ϻȥ˷ӵĹڣҵ⻧˼µЩǮ
һİ裬üⷴǲĵط
⻧ȫƲκαƻ봳ĺۼûбӣҲûзһ˾ƾʧˡ
ЩǮס˼κûЩ˼ϴ١ôܣκ˵˽⣬Щôôģ
ŵȥ˺üӣֶƵ״
òţЩݳڵľûеֿͱˡ
տյĳǳ̽Ψһĺôǣκ˻ĺۼԡ
ܿ˳ųѲʿĹ켣Ѱ˰Щʿࡣ
ݳǵĹҹҲȻƻͨرأȻκѾ˴˧ָӵľ
ܵû뻢ѨɵûӣЩκĽһ֪׷ʲôģ̸Щʲô֮ս档
ˣڰϸ۲Ѳ߶齻ӵĿ϶ǻļ϶Ϣط˹õĺԺڡ
Ժķе͸й⣬ˡ
ǵľй©פصʿֻ࣬ԺڵԭѲߡ沢ûлѶǱԺڣһŻסԼΡ
Ϣ񣬴߶ڵĽ̸𽥱С

ݳǵĹѾκ˾Ӫµģѻųɶѵľõùסһֻټͷϣ̵۾Ĺ
пڵŮɫ˷Ѿ˵ЩʲôǸģ
ЩʱպĽദɹµȷذڼѴ
ذڼദʱȷ˷ͬѰĥ
һƢԺܺõˣʱ˱踺ʱն˳ҵͷ­Ϊκ󽫣κ˲
ĽȻԼţȥȫȻûаС
ˣ˵ʱҲһģ·ΪָԽ򣬺ίһ㣡
⼸ѾɾҰܲӦսǱسǣǷܣֻزսҲû̫õİ취ҧĽͽյս
Ľα֪ڷʲôش𣬡˧δȻóȻӭսⲻԶ׼ô
һ˵һ߼Ц·ǲͬһսϵһ㣬ȥȵ˧ϵǸмֵʱ򡣡
ҵȻ֪õʱҶϳҶҺƾӪ꣬һһϦµģɹֻöֱս±ͷöŮ˻ˮĽҧгݵػش
Ѿܾû˸ˣĽƲƲ죬ɼתҲֵˡɹ»ЩãǶ˿Ҫ˴һʱ䣬޴ĵطǽ޹޴ĵطǣȻͿɱ£һҲˣȻʧλġ
ݣĻ̻̣ڸץסǻֵ̿ʱ䣬սһ³ǡٹһ£ĺҪˣΪһ³ǣܳŹô
ɹ³ĬƬ̣ҲǾĽ֮Ů˵۹Ƶ϶ޱȣȴܸһºĲʡ䣬Ҳǿ󷽵ĳϣƹȥ¡
²£㿪ڱտڶǲҪãȥǵ£ҵġĽɫѿĵؿɹ£Щ󷽵ĳǷԶǶ£ͱ̸̸ʲôīٺˡ
֮ǰݵʱǹķǵʿҲʧأǰùҩľ٣ͨʿȫûھĻ̻̣ʿʿɹ̯֣̯Ů˸ģʿʿԼҲ֮ǰľʿһƬĺְԼժøɾ̯ӻҪ
ҲôĽЦ֮ǰǲ̸ˣܹ֮ǣҲŻᶯ֣ʱͷûй£Щʿ㲻Ҳᱻɱȥ󷨵ϣЩô
ɫƽ·ȫµⳡɱкβס
ǲһݣֱӰĳжɱɾɹһҧľ
˵СĽؽϵľ棬ѵҪַһ·ɱīȥ𣿰ԭɱɾ˵ˣ󷨶ЩԶĳӰСôһУҪѪɱɾѪɹƣôѪӻôʿʣµĲ϶Ҫ֮ٽУûôݳޡ
ɱСǰˣǹ³ǳغãҪһճǺãպҪ󷽵ݹӦҲҪǣɱˣȥֵػȥש͵ذڰִ֣Ҫ˵˷ҵľˡ
ιǣÿȥضݣɢҥ˵Ѷϣôⶼȥǵ¡Щ㲻ͷ­¶飬ֻ֮ø£³ǳأѶ
ɹµɴ۸ЩʲôĽɫȴȻƣóһµ//////վտ״СɣһֻҲܺ׵׼䡣
ɹ¶ʱ亹ֱĽദôãȻûзֹȻһ///
ڽƵļͷű亮⣬УȻǶϽۡ
ŴӳӰɫ䵭ض///׼һӰӣ
ڽƵХ͸ֱҹɫ
л˵
[ʮ]ҪĩˣƵʻήһЩ
ȻĽݵȷó书û˵ʡ͵ĵ.jpg
Ϊʲô*////ᱻڿ


216
ѡ
ڸԼϢڻ֦Ҷ䣬ϢһһŮĽ̸
˵׾Ǳκɹ£Ů˵൱İȫ²ݡ
ǣŮ˵ĵλȥƺɹ»Ҫ࣬ҪŮ
ЩˣҲһʱ벻κݵˡ
ǵĽ̸沢ȫֻܴŲ²ݻһҹݣΪκʹһ̵ֲķַֻҲо޴ȱݣǻ޲ֻǰ˽ҩκһѡ
ΪݣκҲ൱صĴۡ
ĺϢڣʱõǻ̵ֲķȻ֪ǿеѪʲôҲһĳɱ
Ǻֵսͷࡣ
òϣŮ˵۹Ҫɹ¶̫ࡣ
ѾʧȥϵµĪڱĶΪһ³ǡ
ȨȥֿսһʱԼ˼ûвھȻͻȻֹͣ˽̸
һ˲䣬Ѿ˴飬ЯźХֱţ
֧׼ݣ·ǧصһ㣬ֹҶֱĶġ
ֻܿűһԲȴǲȫ֧æν񵲣ֻһײײڷ飬ֻƶڷʹ֧Ҳ񿪣շŶ˵һûľɡ
ľ֡
ֱ˿ϲŴЩʹУʸϲһϸѪۡ
ŴŵнʶԼոһΡ
һԵȴҲδһ֮
ɹ£
ܣļû׼ͷ
ǾֻǷһŮˡ
ʶѾ֪͵˵ز˾
һȣѷ̤Χǽשߣٵҹɫ

Ľһ˲䣬ɹ¾Ѿʶ͵ѸԵĵƴֻǿû֦Ҷҡ䣬ҹ׷ɡ
ȴѲӰ
ֱôĶפصʿʶ˴룬æ
ɵվʲôãȥ׷̷Ų飡ŭ𣬳
ʿȥĽʩʩȻ߳ߵɱߣ˸ոԼöʸ
αذ׷Ѿˣ׷ϵġżʸǵ㼸΢ɼѪֻۣ˵Ƥ
ʲôˣ죬Ӫ͵ɹüžת˲ʱ䣬ȻѾ͵ӵˡ
˭ĽЦһ˧Ѿˣʿ̽顣
ɹ´ָʶĦĵþȻ졣
ٿ죬ҲܸٶȡĽ񵭵䣬֪͵˶ݣֻܼѾȫ֪Σҽ̳ôδҲûȽŸ
ĽѵƽɹƳʱʼնżʸϵѪۣг࿴
ףⲢһȰ棬һΥ
棬һµԼáЩʱҪæʲô߰¶ҡϸöʸת뿪ֻɹһҹɫС

ӻҹһ⣬װܱϻ˿ī١
͵ʱҶƴ
϶ѻŷصִʵְ޳޵üȴҲѹס۵Ȧǳࡣ
ڼɨżϵݺֽݸһԵī衣
֮ǰƲһκȷʹһЩ̵ķŹݡϢ˵һǧ˰٣Ҳá
īøʱϸݺ󣬽ֽϸۺãˣǶ񶾵ҲδزỹʲôĶ
Ҷ֪лʣο
֪ǲĴīڵ¸԰ףǽδڵıѩڲסɫѪܡ
»췽ҹ̷»òˡһôʣҶĿԣ񻹻ţҾκӪСЩߡ
ᵽѪһõýʯֿʯīתУڣ˱൱ӣʲô˶ƿء滹ת˵Ҳֱʡ
ȻҶ˵Ե̫ңԶκͼΪأ

Ϊ˳ڰذڼҲһ
īԼػشƶ·Ѿȷ˴¡
ҶһʱûȥѯīΪƶΪǱ˴Ȼ޼䣬Լȴô಻֪ܡ
ݻΪȴʵʵڵΪ
ɨһɢľ඼Ǳġ
ɹ²ȡĽĽ飬ƵɧΪǰݾеĳС
λķɱͣȷЧκεڱصĿҰר٣ܣȵԮĶϵȺûӰ
һʱԴʹ಻
˵κҲеƵʹʧ󷨶Ӱ޵ģĿǰҲһ¡ָӹֽϵֺۣҲֹۣûа취ͬʱӦɹڰ񡣡
Ҷ˵ʱīֻоԼ͵һ£̧ͷҶµ뷨ǣ

ɵ³֣·ûʶԼľ
ЩλٵľǲܲģֻץסǵͷĿɱӺη塣ԻȥȺ֪κҽ£Ż֪
īľʱæؿ첽ߵߣ£̫ðˣ˭֪Σգôǰȥ
ѵͲΣ𣿻˵ΣգΪһ֮ҪϷҶһһٵص³çˣ˺ܾãӱϢʱҾһֱȨ¡õѡҪȥ¡
¡
ī豾ԸνˣѪ£òȥԤС
˿̣ǣıܣڽŸҶǰ
ĽڱȡҲһȡҶ
ҶҲ֪ĽݣǶôķӡԼôΣյľأ
ҲԸ⽫ҶƽȨ⣬˵̵Ļ
ѡ
ͨһڱשʯϣһߵס
˼Ըǰ
ī̧ͷʱһջ䣬ڱĵשϣٲ
ٿȻҹѩȻ£īٳҲⳡĶ
л˵
[ѿ]ддĳЩܻĪʼȻ


217ˮ
Ȼǧ㾡Ҳβ͸޶ˡ
ϳҹˮһ͸û衣
Ҷ֪ҹĵשҪīȻִعڵ棬һֿе
־īǰԷ಻Ϊ
˫ڰ׷ˮֻˮҹ꣬ܽ¶
ˮһһջŵ£ɫ֡
Ҷǵһοī¶޴ֱɫǸصĵĮģɷ粨ӿبŲĻѩ
֪īʲô
ɾˣҲԸ̹
ʶҶЩŭҲ䵭֣ؿຮսգȥء
ˣ֮κʧī·ûҶı仯ȻִȰ
ü΢ɫ۵׳Щɫ
Ȼͣīǰ
һ̾Ϣ
īֻԼգǱģδɺԵۡ
ҶĴָȥϵˮ
ī̬ѱģ̬ȴȻǼģ˼
ֻĦеգǵĻָͣ򢣬ôͲҲ˼ľء
ǲһģǾ̣ԭ˱ӻһͿ̿ī谲ؿУҿҲ㲻ܡ
Ҷ⣬ԭбκһټĹұȻͿ̿ǰعʢ󣬻λԭǰս롣
ɱҶҲĽĿĴ洦һˣܷĻᡣ
Ĳ²⣬ֻѹĵס
Ҷԣȴüͷ˵ֻ¶ȥȻѾԣҪÿһ˶ƽҪٲʱһͿ̿
īطϥͷ
뻤ӼҹգŸӦעԼİΣͼ۶ĵɱ򵥵ķʽ
ɱȫ˶ȡҵѵҪΪ˹ôҶΪĿƣɽ͡
֪ûа취ҶѾµľ
¼¾̫ΣգͬȥɡֻһҪͬҶȥ
ҶͷīԼϥͷָ⸧ɢڷ
ϥȴЩʪĸܣʪϸܵϣοһƬɫˮۡ
ʱǰġ
Ҷ֪ûп͸˫˵۾
ڽҹԼĿǱ̵ֲֻģѩ䣬飬ưɽҹ壬һҹء
ʲôٽʧá
ΪʲôأóϸϸۣӦͬġսܴܱκɻһ̫ƽʢǧ﹦ҵ
ڹûкͱͬģīܳһ԰׵Ц⣬Ҳں¡ҿԲںɽ𢣬ҲԲںҳеʧȥĴۡ
յһҶ΢üңڴ˿ڿīǰӰӣǻȼյѩĮ·ƫִǸԶıԼˡ
˫ǿӲطصī裬Ҷ̾Ϣһߵ齡
ȻǲںġϾҶֳŴ齱ߣ϶µظֹȴҲվû˵Ļ
ϾһֱֻԼѡ
ûԷĻشֻܸűָĦŴһǡ
÷ǳһǸ˴ĮɫҶ̧ʱ˫еҹͣЪʱڱ׹¶δ±Уһʱ˴ǳҹѩ׷ɣ붬ҹ
ֻܿ˵ɫ
ʯ׹أϢҡھڿ˫ɣʱ۵׸飬α
֮䣬һҪȥЩʲô𣿡
ͷҧЩʹУҶ׷ʣ
ͬıǰˣ޼Ĵڡ
ֻǣָ֣һǡ
¡
¡
ҹѩֹ

ҶǸˣܶüֻδػȥ˵͸ִ磬֪ڣīٳΪʮɵϰߣⲢʲô֪
ī֪һ㡣
Լֲصסأ
ֽаѡ
δԼгһջվ±ҡҡ׹ĲѲ㾡ȴҲǻĿơ
ԼµҲӦг۵һա
Լ̰һøһЩ߲١
©ľ㹻Ѹ٣Щ֪ԼܵһȥȪ·ҲǱڵصס
ȡĽ̸ףܻ꣬¶δȡֺοԼ
һˣû׾죬ҲûߣеֻǴҰĺЭԼ˵Ĵڡ
ЩʱܲҶɵػīһ˲ףƿɽѾø¥Ĵʱ̾Ϣһ
ǹ͸ƵĴͶ¥޷ͼ¥ھռõľУʹӰĸ䣬η·Ǻ
īĬذŪǵó˹ѾǸ̡
òռ֮¡
̽Υ֮¡ǰԲںȥҲԸռĽ
ǲΥ棬ЩĶıÿһԼֱʣӽμ˾֮λֻԼóѪծѪִƺɽ赭дֻ˵ⶼ飬Ҳδ⹼Լ
ԴñѲߵȻ⣬Ҳν¡
δ·ԼУÿһԼѡ񣬽Ҳǡ
ʱգĽ񲽲ƣҶִǽ֮
Ȼǧ㾡Ҳβ͸޶ˡ
òȥǳһ۾ȥδӡ
̲֣ŮӵɫȴӲ԰ס
֮öа꣬μ˾ռọ̃ȻһѺۡ
ͷϵʱ֪һʱ̼ǿ̽ܵķɣīֻĻңһĳʹǻѪӿȵͭϢɢѪŴǵȾ˰̡
ذ׵ϣĶʯ⻨
ǼöԵͭǮҲ׹ء
϶£Ϊˮ
ˮ£д롣ˮˮΪ־
ȥǵѪƽ¼Դõǩִ֮ʱҲǲġ
ԴǱϸǩɰֵּǡѪд͡
ɷδܱ鳪̫ƽ衣
ɽˮ
Դס
л˵
[ʮ]ʱддֻʣһ֡


218Ѫ
Եߡ
һ࣬ҲĶѩãڱĿҰ
оĻ£ķܣκʹҲδǰһ
Ľ񲢲һʱ̣ϾĶѰ󷽲ѣôܻżġ
ĵȥǸˣȴĻᡣ
ҹʱӪϸжӵĲӣ׵ıϣâĿڰҹȼյĻ档
жӵʿȻɫҹﶼȣװ
亮ʲ㣬ڵĻѡ֪κʲô⣬뽫һ³ǣ׽
ƾ֮ԣͻƷڣκݣȥκġ
˵һΣװУȥκ֣ҪɱˣһҪյǵݡһɫظ
Ƕ֪ˣɣʿڴ˿ʿǣ׷׻еıС
Ƴһɫҹѩ缱ܲסɫҹϮĺʱ
ôҳɣ
һӵУϮҹɫ֮С
Хҹѩڸоټһ֧ѩԭֻûѩ
һѩҹֵκҲŲסҹ亮ѱߴ˯ֻбӻļھӪڴУ
ԶԶκʱ׼˹ѱõţ⣬ùӹӪ֮С
ŵǱ߳ӪʵĴţ͵ҧʱͱһ˫ضסʺš˲ӣѩУʬʳѪڻ˻ѩ
ۼκŵǶ֣ʿ׷һ˻κӪأ
κѣֻڸͷϵľŵУĵһ·ٸͷ­
ⳡҹϮͻбѵκʱ˿ֻţþɢӴܡ
ӪеĻҾ˲δ˯ڲö̵ɹ¡
ЩӶҹ˯Ϊ֪氮ҹϮϰߣĵ
ֵ뵶ײ֮ʶĵִ߳ӪʣľǾӪڲֻӴܵʿĿ򵥵һקסһ죬һʲô֯ʿӭУ
ɫֻ̣Ƽɹʱס񣬡⵫Ƕæ
ʲôҹϮֻܴһ֧ҹϮȷӶѣɹ½̹ȥ֯ʿԶս
ֻӵͿ·ʿͷ­նã
ڿɹִսӪӵĿֻڱƣʿ½½ӭС
ҹϮΪ˻ٻκĺ󷽾ܿӪھͻ죬趯ĻҹĻ
ܻ䣬ͷ˵Ǹ۵ģִΧ֮˾ݽ㾡䣬ѩӳŻѪɫѩҹֶĿ
ʹֻԶκӪʿı˿ɵκӪ֮
ֱɹִסĽУ洹һۡ
¶һЦ⣬зתݺڵϣڴʹУ̫˰ɹ¡
ɹŭգел裬תۼѾС
մκ˵Ѫκĳˡ
ײһ𻨣ʱжҪ¶ԷءȻ沢ûаɹ·ܵķҲ֪ûл
ңֻҹϮֵģþղ
޴ıըЮŲϮԶըĻյҹɫֶͨʱһƬ𺣡
ۼŻиӽǰսҪǰȥȻ
ĿĴɣŴ˿̵Ļҳˡ
˵ĺŽǴ죬沢ս׼뿪ɹȴᵶӣ
ߣƾʲôסЦִĵ档
ɹȴûаõ˼Щһеس赲·
汻ΣмڲЩϸ΢СǶڽ棬ɹµĿȴԽ
ʯ䣬ɹ²һҲҪԼԵɡ
Χ˻𺣵Ļңȴоâڱǵ㶤Լ
սıȷԼ˶ˡ
ϸ룬汾ܵתԶһɽϣֳһҹɫϢ׼Լ
Ӱп˵ݣļͷȴű⣬Ȼ֪ǺݣֻǱʲôֻ߬Լ޹İļ
ϸƷζ־ζ˿ĸܵȷеġ
Ǹ㽫Լɱˣ
ԷʯĶֻڷ֮䣬Ȼ׼ȷ׼࣬۶
ХҹЯŴɽʯǧ
浱ý񵲳ײϼʸһ̣һôǵһǸܵϵʱд󺧡ôֲ
þȫǿ񵲿˼ʸֻüʸƫԭĹЩȻ͹ת
Ľ˺͸õףûѪ⡣
ʹģǻڵ඼Ҫʸ顣治ŵؿԼļʸôܣΪʲôԼ
һҧֱӰγϸЩķģߵĵоˣͷ׷һ
һֱZڿһĻʱһеس嵽ߣõһ·;ߣߣ
ʹĻ·ٳ˴˵ء
ʱ̧ۿһۼʸԴͷɽ¡
ƴɢ¹䣬ܵĻһۣڿ˫ɫ
һƬĶ

ӵĻһֱ콫ʱűɹ̤صĽڵɽ£˳ĽķԶֻܿĴѩֽһжһƬذס
ɳȥû׷ǡڡ
Ľֶ紵ԣֱʱע⵽ʵȻŵһ׺Ÿ̵˼İĨɫ
ԣüĿֻ΢һ£ûжԡ
Ͼ֪治ǿװһͻϮ׷ʼղһ¡ˣ׼ͻϮ
ƺǺأȻûȡɹ»֧͸ǧȻûɱ棬ҲЩ졣
Ľʧ޶ٷӦǵѪ̫ˣƳ㹻׼ȷѪ
ΪʲôڼͿɹ²ʡ
õָָ㣿ĿɨӰѪ׷٣ΪѰ㶾ܽô
ۣ͵ذ˰֣ȥ¡
ɹ֪ѵãѵûʲôתȥŽˡ
ֻĽȻɽͷżѩü䣬ˮۡ
л˵
Ϊ̫æûʱ仭԰迨Լ壬Ժ迨ȫˣ
յ迨ͼѾwbˣȤؿԿһĺgetҵְ1仰̫ˣ޷ֱĶʵһװľ1
ǰңֻ
ڵңֻŮ˵İڼŮˣʡ


219ѩ
ӭ˰Ķ
渺˵ϢȻأδսϣż糱ˮκþĻ̡̻
յĴѩ׷ȴﱱףĿȥֻɽҰʬѩȾһƬǡ
Ԫ꣬ӭ˰Ķ
ȥıؾ֮·ϣһ֧ݳѩУ㻤ţѩѹһƬĳޡ
ǱѾõκ˷ܵش˴걻ѩЩӲ֣ڵȵ˽ӵĿ꣬ͬǿţһ㡣
Ǵǰľ飬صĶ飬һ
ۼӽ˷ĵص㣬κѾ಻ס˷֮飬ʹƥɽϽֱ£ڹڻֱ峵ӡ
֧͵ľƺЩ֮ǰЩ׵ţһ㣬Ǿ;Ӵܣ൱侲سֶ̧ǹֿĳ档
ļسûнκҲڲ쳣ӵĻ侲쳣ڶԿţϵһЩѰũ򣬶ݵ˲ţе֮
ͷʶΣæҪˡ
*ȳӻʾ鳷ˡ
СҪΪ۽ǵòʧˡ
ڴ˿̣һĳǰ·ĺŮɫ䵭кнлҪ֣˻뿪ô
źᵲסȥ·ĳвޣᵶӭ档
Ůִָ죬ν֣ڴһʹѾɣڰлĻȣǱѩС
һ˲Ѿʺܹͨܵ¶ıԵ
һĭؿԷ
ڿüʱʶѰʿȫͬţȺ׿ȻʣȻǷ֮
ڷѩгɫ·ɣͬյ棬·Ƭؼֻк׶ɫ
Ժ˰Σ˾Ժһʣѩ
ԷĿⲢû϶ֻ֣ͣߵʿֻһڣ˸ɱۡ
ǣʿɢȥ׷ɢκ
ʱӵκͱն£ѪȾѩأѩˮڻˮʡ
ֻͷʿֵؿԼɱ¾㷲֪ҶҪʲô
Ҷϣ϶µظֵȥɹ£˴ɱӵԪڼΪ˸ۡ
ۼһֱǯԼʿ֣ƺȷ׼뿪һ䣬͵ײײسѩһ뿪ˡ
Ҷֻע뿪ıӰֱѯʣ£
¶ɫ򱱷
ֵԶһƬ谵ֻӵĴѩȾذס
Ԯлκ

Ҳɱ죬ĿжŻ֮ȥѹϢ
ǵΧѾճ־á
ǸҩϢҲѹס˿ڵѪζ
ŮϽĲ֪ڶҩݸĻŮӣȴٳٲϵ˽ӹҵĿڵ潦߲Ѫۡ
Ůæҩ룬־ΪǵѪ
ȴֻǰڰ֣ԼӹȥǵѪۣսˣ
Ůػش𣬡ãκȻѾ˳ǽ£ʼǡǽǣͻڶ
ĬƬ̣ŵûա
ŮȻһ£ϻҩȼȥκµġ
ãһȥ
Ѿֵزô죬˷룬Яغķѩ
Ůֻ̧ۣŮͷñãժñܣ¶һ˫ڰ׷ۡ
²ī迴ȥݼ֣ϻдδȥķѩڵĵյɫ԰ף۵׷Եľɫ
ӹŮеҩյʾ뿪Ů䲻ʶþм˾Ҳ֪˶Ȼ˸񣬰˳˷䡣
īڴ£ڿ˵
ڲϣɫٿѪɫĲ԰ףŵıһƬѪۡգ˿ȴȻϡ
īָԾؿ۽֣һμǱģ
ֵزôκѾˣͷѣҲѵĳ¥ˡǿӴֿȳǵѪĭ·ϣӦҲˡ
īĬȥϵѪſڣҿˡԮٲǳ¡
̾ϢһҶսա
ҲԷҡͷֻһпҪʱЩӵκˣ󷽡Լպ͡
֣Ҳŵǣ˿ڴʹˣ
ٲʣҲҪиҰУҲ˿ѡīɫо·յ㸺˵ϢҲǲеңȻȵ㸺˵Ϣؾٵ֧ԮҪʧˡ
Ҷһ£Ȼûī˵ɡ֮ãȻǷԾġֱҶһ䣬˭ȥ
Ұʱѻȸ˷ԡľȻǵģҲֵΪԼȥձ
Ҳüʱˣ֮Χɽ⡣֪ѾˣܽӹӵģҶҲˡ
īֱӴϼ󣬡˵˵ĺء
û˵Ҫ֧䴩˸˿̫ϣʱҪһءīϡ
īԣüͷ֧ɻţ
Ȼ˼ȥҲԼ֧ޱȣϸͷߵϻУԣϻӵݸī裬ϸ֧棬ǲǱκصֽţ
ī֣һֽ֧
ڽļޱȣǹۣϱϸϸ˹ϷķģйڱûѪĺɫ
ǸҲܸ֧ܵϢ
ɫأӰУ۵׸
֧ǲһŮе㣿ѯ档
һǸŮˣ̴սī裬׷ʵҲ֪ǸŮˣ̫ˣ֧ȴǹ˸ҵ൱ǰ͵ɹµĽʱڷھЩҡ
ָżϵķģֽţ渽ѪѪһֻҪɵһЩѪҺܼסϢӴ׷ٵλáѪڼϣ֧׼ȷ㡣
ֻңӰѪ׷٣ûڼͿīƣؽöʸ·ϻУȥĴ㡣
л˵
[ʮ]·ݲȥεĻӦⱾᡣ[]
ܻ֮һ㷬⣬ǹǵˣ۲ȫǿ飬īĸһЩ֮ǰĹ¡


220ľܽ
˵Ҫصľܽ㿴
īЩ϶ʱ¶δйɫī裬ʵ˵һսǲǲƱ򵥣
īȴֻ΢ƫͷЩ΢⿴ȥ԰飬սҰĵĽʲôֱأһҲһ
ҪִʺŪңȻ൱ֵǲǣǸŮȻʶһʡ͵ĵơ׷ʡ
ǡīڳʲôһͷһɱġ
ʲôһ㣬Ȼ͵̧ͷס棬ҵģǲǣ
ǵ΢⣬ǽϢδϢ
ܸܵԼ֪ĵطʲôΣյĶѾҡҡ׹
˵ҪҰʲô
ī˫ְļͷĿֻÿ˿ڣ̾ϢһˡȰáʱע⣬Ҫκ֪״
ī谴ͷָܴӹܵʹĲ
ī衱濪ʱɬǲҡ
¹ںĴ󣬶һ߾һȥֲ󡣡īĻشѯʡ
̾Ϣᣬ̰Ʈɢڻ谵ķڣֻʱҲ룬Ϊʲôƫƫأ
ıӰҲ˵İɫѹļ
Ϊʲôƫƫأ

ڴϽӵʿҶȥľӻͣԮ
γ˸ľһֱս
̫ʧݵĺˣһݣҲ᧿Σûбϣԭض¶κ֮¡
ûܳеǧ
ϵ֮ʱľɱ죬ʬҰںκڹеڻ£˳ڻǵĳǽ
ڻ׹أ澡õĻ䡣Գǽ϶µȼ׾͵ȼκﱣů£ҽܻ׷׹䡣
жŷյĽϢٲǰسǵķ٣ֻܿصʬ뽹ڡ
˼޳
ʹκҲƾ¥£Ѿܹΰĳǽϱκͽõп˾޴ĻڣֻҶ亹ǽлܷء
Ҷд󺧣ԼգκľͷҪʧˡ
ӽָκģȫ棬ƽܣ֮Χ
ƾ˱ڱأԼļ类пΧŭɡҶ´˽󣬶ȫֱκ
κ⼸նڹһУۼǽڱ˻ڣ˳Ƶϣǰͺ̵ųǽ档
ԶĴѩУʿϮѩ裬Զѩ
ͷ˺°԰еΨһһĨɫѪɫĿ
нѩ£κһĿʱѩͥѾһͷ­ֵֻԶͣϡ
ڹʱͻϮκŴңҵزִӭУʱͱɢ
ָʿǵɹڷԼĲͻϮʱܿͿ˷еǸӰ
Щŵطȷ˵ݣҶȻˣ
֮죿渺˻ûм졪Ԥϵ˺ȻԮȴû뵽֮졣
ϸ룬ָȺеҶն𣬷򻧺
ŵ̰Ŀϣһеسˮӿȥ
üȻпȻоݽ档
Ƕķѩ
ЩʱһֱҰسǲʴڿоͻϮʱ϶ǾԮѾ֯Ԯ
лκܷ׷ףǾסļлɹֻ˾ʮ￪⡣
һƽΣݻЩҶվ⣬ѩ׷ףڵĿҰϾʬף̾Ϣһ
кηԸʱֻ̾ϢһԶԼɼκӪʣЩʬ˰ɡ
ص̾ҪϷصľԮֻʱκΧδ˾Ҳδ̾ڳ⻢
־ս£ȵҶǿ񣬴ʱҹ
ҹȻѩδͣĻѩûףҹѩڸ£ΨһɫǵⱻѩĹƺ
һ˳ɡڵ⣬˱ͦƺѾãõɡѩõѩѾüҼͷõ°ڶûѩȻɡƣصȴš
Ҷ̤ѩ߽ܵӹֽɡڶͷָⴥīָһƬ˶ã
δжãűӦôȺһֻû뵽ѩô󡣡ī费˳ش
ī٣ѩǺܴģԺר̵ңǺãҶ˵Ҳ֪īĹִֻ߰ɣ
ԷֻǰظҶĽŲڡ
ˣҶʡ
˿ûΣҲҪڲķ˯ˡԷش
Ҷйһʱ䣬¾ͺãҾȲȥˡ
һʱ޻˳ĬŲͬ˺һʱ䣬Ҷڣʵû뵽гһͬȴ龰
īתͷҶɫճּȵį
̾ϢһʵһֱһҵĹ磬뽭ϲͬķ⡣û뵽Ϊ˰겻ս¡
ѾΪҰĳǽǧٿ׵ĳ¥ʱĽֵֻŵİա
Ĺ磬ġ
²źȵսƽɽӰܻлġīɫȷźһƽİ¼ߣұ󡣡
Ҷ֪İο֮ԣǧҪ˵ȴֻЦЦǣ֡
ͬ
Ҷůģǣֿ첽ڡ
丮ڵĵƹ谵ҹɫŨأīĻѩڣЩײײ
Ҷǣֺȣ׳ĵطҪգҲȻϤÿһͨ·
ī豻Ҷǣִһǰɿ֡
ʱҶѾϵĻѩһȡһյõķơ
ǰס
ŷߵīߣůƵĵƹȣҲеĴԴʢĻء
ǰͺϲЩרסȣҲΪЩʱܸһЩ
ůƵĵ˲ʢţ۵ľܽأΪƬذص׺ɫ
ŻصϺЦʤ¶ܽҲΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
˵Ҫصľܽ㿴
л˵
[][]


221ؿ
ضΪ֮ޡ
ҶԮõĽ֡
κʮ֮⣬ȴҲٳٲͻκķս־ʹ˽֡
ڣǲ֪ڶٴս֣뷨ֱһһλϵľʱǳĬģֻż˵ԼĿ
λõİŮӸǴʼնһԲֻһֳǣһְֻһհ׵ǩ
ǩ˰׵ָת۽ǵⶼԾؿǩⳡսͻȻĪ˶㷲˾ܸЩָԽԤԣͷβҲû˵һ仰ֻǰŵ˵ۡ
ڼδһȷѡ񣬵ȵѩҲرκķ⡣нԼ뷨
Ľ˷Ҳͬһֱ˿ҶڿڣȵѩеƣκҲһС
κȵѩ谭Ѿûйơ
֮µĽĿԣֿʼһֵۡһȺãҲٳûиҶػӻ֣ʾ¡
ȵ˶뿪ֻǶʱīڿڣ뾡֮Χ
Ҷ뷨īȻƵóģδȷ̬ʵͬ
Ҷ̾Ϣһīвſڵ²˾ϣֻزǱϲߡ
ƺ롣ī谲Եؽģֱ
֪Ǵʲô⡣ҶǹһĨЦ޷ǹܱȷףסȻ޹κˣս²Ȼй
ֻǾ㰾죬Ҳδںκ˵սռšöָԳĽǣھǰմκʿǣʺϳʤ׷Ҫһµȵ»Ὣʿĥ
֮īҲòҶĿ൱ȷġ
˶ȵůͲκΧʹӦ⣬ȵպκݹӦҲ㣬㲻ơҵȵκƥԱ˲ϣҲ൱ӦĴڡ
û˵ɽ󷨣ҪĶīվɳǰĹӡֻڿȷ֮ǣҪĴۺܴκ˸Ƶ󷨵Ĵۣʾǹǽ֪ʲô
ǣı·һ֧κפأһ֧ɽٵ󷨡ҶĲɽǳϣʵҪأҲֻ
ī费ۿɳսֵ㣬δжɫ˵ĲܹݵκӪǻٵɽ󷨣սֶʱбֻһ뵽һ뵽
οī軰лҶĵصȴġ
˵¼ٶȺһʱأī̧ۿɫ֣ء
Ҷʾ˵ȥ
ɽǴ˴εսҪأκȻҲԤϵһ㣬ؾפءõĽҲջݣݱǣĻ̻̣ǽ߾ȫջݣʵ󾰰ˡ
Ҷ΢˼īԣôڵȵʲô
īݵһöɳϣֱ罣ŹأһһָκĻʶ̳ǡ
ڵȣһ֧˶Ԥϲ

ضյĺɫΪ磬Ƶϼ·ѩש̨ס
Z̨ϣŽŮ˳Ѫɫοˮ裬ۿһ̣ˮѩοһƬˮۡ
ΪʲôڿޣO@Ų̤ѩ̨ף̧ɡͷųһƬ޷Ҳѩء
Z̧ͷīɡѩʮĹǵֽɡϣɡ÷ѩزãѩɫ
ذ׵ڵķڰɫĳˮī赭üۣ׷ѩġ
Zû뵽īڴ˿̳֣һʱֻ
㣬϶ǰ˼ҺӶŵˣ㶼֪˵ʲô
˸ֽŲݵظīŹ⿴ɫZǴɫ޵ϳݡ
λڷ¥ҽޡ
Zæ۽ǵᣬҡͷϣǣ
ȻǰЩ´Цļ˾ԴīΪԼȡ֣ǸԼľֺΪīҲһˡ
ֻǺܵĽˡ
ԣīɫûжٱ仯ֻ˲û˼ҪһʱգǿȬġ
ZȴȻɥشͷ˵ʱҾߡˣҪûа֧ҵʱһЩǲͲˣ
˼žֻѩɡ
ī̾ϢһΪһӣΪһս־塣ȴû뵽ȻΪԼûΪ浲֧Ρ֧Լûеסգܹ֧أΪ𡣡
ѾǸҪɱŮҪһҲҲתûˣͱǲҲð˴ķЩʱм龰ػظԺZͣȥ룬ĺһ㣬ǲսѾ췭ظ
īƬ̣û뵽Z˼ϸܣѾ˶ͬˡ
ڻ룬ĽѾжעѹһսҲһܹûˣҶҲ׵ء
ֻóһ־ݸZ
Ѿȫ㲻𡣴㣬ЩҲĺܡΪԼҰĺ²ȥⳡսˡ
⻰һһ㶣û뵽īѵѵ˻˵ԴǵĻɼȷ̥ǣˡ
Zӹī־۽ǵᡣ
ЦŰô棬ƣҲǶô㱣֤һҽô
ZһЦݣɢϵ
룬һжõģҽΪΣȬȻָտɴġ
ڴעīһ̸߽һסƫ
ȻΪεҽ̷Ů࣬ǵѪζҩ֮ɢĿɬϢ
Zոһյڵķѩеȴš
ֱ˵΢Ѷ
Ǿ߱ײʬصĹ餣Ůŷ׶ѹŵİ
Щ׷ذֽǮ߸£뱱ز֪ͣϢķѩ塣
ضΪ˰ޡ
л˵
[[ͷ]ˣᾡƪ·ᣬٳҲ·ˡ
źȻʶԭԼǸocĶдС˵ģֻΪ˸ocд
Ҫҿʼдʱ̫ˣʱûocָ
ǻЩƷȷʵocš


222ս
ҴңȥѾľ
˵ˣ
ͷ֪æںµĻ̌ͷѵ¶ɫ桪ˣ
ĳͷǵģѾ˰籣ǵۿľͻϷˡ
ĽɫԵ൱ľֻײĲˡ
ֲǿЩ˵ķӦǼٵģмŹľ޵öȥˣڸĻ̻̣Ҷ˲پάеġ
ĽʼձŽ̬ȣһֻǡ
֧ʩѪļʸȻ棬Ľ񲢲ȷƾΡԭ׼࣬ȴֻ˸ǻм̾
֮Ҳûĳ֣Ҳ̽ƾΣΨһȷȻ˵Ĳᣬ򲻻ս˽ʱʹʧ
Ҷ̽ս֣ҲӦ֤Ĳ롪ڵ״Ѿ֧ս֡
һֱȬҲûпܡ
˵ضˡڴ˿̣ɹƿĻŶ룬ĳĽ˼ɫȻҲ֪ˡ
֪ٵĴԣûûѾûͳʾˡĽûɹһ¶ϲɫֻҶԶսδһöԸĽɫ
ҲǼ£в˼ȿ־ǰʱͻϮ̳ǵ£ǸܶӰ˵˵Ϣʿʢ
׽Ӱ飬Ҳʹ档ĽһԼıġ
еߵߡһҹѩѾͣЪȴѩ֦Ѿչһգѩڣѩڵδ졣
ҪȥɽʱؼݣҶ
ؼʱ䣬Ҫֱȥɽɹüͷ飬ǵݸո˵ǵеҲǰߣϿǽĺʱ
뵽ĶҶȻҲ뵽ĽɨһۣΪʱ䣬׼ǷͻϮɣҶԴеԸѾͲֻջô򵥡
ĽŴѩѵüɽһκʧУңԪڼٲ
Ļ̌ۿʱ˫ͬ*պɢ
ɹٲϲĽˣ֪ԷԲǽսҪأɽ󷨵ġκһʧأЩľı㶼֮ɹֻǵͷ˵һ䡰һȥš뿪Ľס
ȵ˶뿪󣬰Щ΢ĲĽһصλ
ʹ
֫ٺӵľʹ
ǿóİ״ƿҩ󣬲ŵȼǸƵ̶κֻбһ磬һϣ̫ǿˡ
ݱ»ڣһжʲ塣
Ż㣬ʹڻЩĽ¿ǻеѪ˳Ϣ̸˵ڴߡö֮Ҳϰ־겻ɢʹ
ؿŴѩڻ¶֦Ѿ̵ҶıĳǺѵüġ
ѽҴң龰ѿΣȥѾľƺԶǰҲڴյһ
ڣڵȴ˭أ

ڰĶգѲǰ亮ҡҷŮӵüγůƹΡ
ϵ߷ӣƷƲ;īЩ߼䣬Сĵ̧һ̴յյʢźɫĿʯĩʹֻһ㣬ҲѪĥƳɵķĩ
Сĵڵ״ƿڵҺ壬ӴҺкķĩܿʧȥʺɫһĺɫĩͬ·ƽƽĳһ㡣
ͬʯֹϢʧ
ΣҶԶҲƼһĻеѯʡ
īϸ۲ѪѾʧȥ˹ЧʱڳһǰָƳҩȷʵõģܹѪʧȥЧѪһý飬пʳ˵ѪתҲɽеĹؼǷôҩ󣬿һʱڲѪӰ졣
˵̾˿ϧ̫ӣɱҲֻ̫ܸ߰ʹá
ҩþõģĲٶһЩȥɽ𣿡Ҷüǳ
ձ㵽׼ʱ䣬ݣī轫ȥɽٻ󷨡
īвδٱֻϸѡīŵİ
Ҫɽ󷨣ܿѪѪҩޣܼÿһˡٶ࣬Ҳƽˡīش൱ƽڻٻɽһϣѾǧٴΣȻҲȫ׼ұ½ݣԵĻɹʵκܽأ
öûӦֻһ˫󻷱סпļͷ̴ľؽƽв
īûлͷֻǰҶĺҹ㾲ֻкеڼϡ
Ҷ̾ϢһҺܵ㡣ЩѰʿҶȥ˲㡣ԵЩ֮ͨˣݣձǴ˶񶾵ֱʣܻᵣİΣġǹ׶㣬ѷ
ˣҲŸҪȥһղΪıԼĳѾע˱µĽɽϡûнգҲһսīָҶֱϰ
аôԷѯʡ
ıī˺ԵĳĬûʵش𣬡ûС
ȷûսʤĽİգһ㣬Լϲǰ·ңܹ֣
ֻΪ˻ٵɽ󷨣ҪƴһܵҶʱüٵĺīּ
תͷҶʱԷüۼǳɫ˵ǡ
īվһԵϸϸϷĻƣˣȻվҲѪ̥ⷲǰմʱҲ˹񡣴ͨ书ܽҲûлᡣ
ὫγأϸϸĽ꣬ͨ⻪ת²ô
ǡҶĿᣬȴֳิӵֻ֣ϸϸī轫޷ۺãֻǣأһҪƽ
īɫһ˲Щֻܿɫ̧ͷҶӡ
±ֻ֤ҪڵңұһĿأһŵӳУǡ
л˵
Ǹð˵˸¡ڵǰֱͷʹѣﶼǡﱾͷʹ[]һģԽٽԽ


223ɽ
˵ȡϷԡ
ҹܲ¶ûƲ֮ʺǱҹɫ
󷨱λɽĳǽɽУǱ벢ûлѶٵ෴ɽ㾲Ψҹѻ˻
ڵҡīһȦſ˵Ǻ޷ɽſڣ۶ϡֻԼ׼µ󷨡
뼱æסī°ڣС㣬ôһȥ̫Σˣ
֪һ⸱ģȻǴ˶ûõġȻڵңҶȥͺáīɫƽ׼
֪īľǿԼǸĲľģֻǵ֡ССġ
īͷֻ˶ĽǶŽ˸ƣͶֳɽ
ɽĿֹϢʹŵ׵󷨸˸оһޡԤϵĵڵƻͨͨص׵·;
Ųŵˮδ죬Ի͵ƻӳǽѪɫķģһĹȡ
ֻЩģīȷʹص׵һǳĽֱʡ
߹ȵһ·£ص׺ʯŵΪ紵īзʶ̧ڵԴʱ·룬˸ֶ
ǳɫŮתЦַЦܽأۺ꣬ӳ޴Ѫɫ󷨣ȴȡ
Ȼǧٰ㲻Ըңܻҵģī衣
ôս˳ѹȡҵͷαڴ˴ר̵ҡīļ޶ԣֻӡ
˵Ȼ֪һʲôҹǰ֪޴šۿīһˣټĿֻˣĽ񿪿Ц
ԷֻһֱĽٶˣҲǸеѪͽ϶ѡһӡ
ʲôŵĶĽɾﵽЦƾ㣿ƾʲôԼӮң
Ľ˵һȡϷԡ
һʣϻ磬һɨϢһɱ䣬ĵýˮ
ƽֻ˸ʯᶨƵĿ⡣
ǡĽۣһЦݺ
жӡ磬롣µ󷨸ܵٻź֮ɺɫѪ¶ʱɢټĿ֮ڡ
ȣӰʧƬѪУٸʱīΪֱȥ
īķӦܿ죬ὣ񵲣һײö˸һ
Ľī裬ƬѪ״̬糣Ѫ˼һ㣬ʼղҽӽ
ƤЦⲻЦ֣Ҳ֪ˣðѪʯԵϬҩʱѪʴи˽ֿʯҲǡζؿī裬ϾΪ̽ѪϧɱӦڡ
ԣīüͷҲֻǼһ£ӽֲ๡
ת˲ֹУƵĽֻܺ˱â۲طѪѪƺʼ˼ɣԸһСƬѪš
˼ഫʱǣٰܱаû뵽ǴԡݵĽֺĽʶ˶Էտֲ֮١
ˣ˶ʱûѪ֮Уֻ翵ڶߣأϬݵҩЧܱáһʱʱڴָ֮أ
Ҫôʱ䡣īԭأֻһãҿ㣬Ѱô
˵Ҫл㡣ʧǶʱ䣬һѰԸķ
ûκԥýиָѪҺд·ģâʢīֻǱۣظſϸ΢Ϣͬ罫Ŀꡣ
̧֣ϴĴظĿ꣡
ѪеĽǱΣֻ۳ɵǿīһǻʹԻЩˡ
û뵽īĿӵ£ҵԼķòʮֵľԷˡ
˸ƬѪУѾã滮ʯڣм䣬ǽķĶ绮߲
ĽֻƬѪϷأҪϬݵҩЧٶ֣ī˵ʱ䲢ࡣ
㻹ܼŶأȼѪֶȻǼľѪģĽ񿴼ī԰׵ǵʱóǰѾɵ//󣬽ʸ׼
īȥǵѪضԴе˵ôһ㸶ۡ
ڳԡĽͣ۶ǿХֱīࡣ
ϧԷʱֻ֧ǲķ˿Хûīʯڡ
֧ںǧӲʯڶһƬơ
ڴ˿̣⴫˳Ƶĺ֮žҵ𶯣ʯҡ
Ľǿվ壬вԼһѵѾɽ塪ܿ룬ʸǿҲһŵ˳ƣǴɽ⴫ıը
̧ۣī൱ƽɫȻαըԤ֮С
ڴ˿̣ըӶ˾ҵҡΣʯȻ䡣
ĽīҪʲôôȻɽը
ī谲עΣ
Ƕᱻģ
ҵͻٵ󷨣ǺֵôʼնƽɫŲϵʯ볾Ľ
ǡ
Ľ˵Щʲôɽ⻹ǲϴըɽڵ̮أѾо޴ʯ׹䣬ҵõص׵ķѡ
ʱѾٺӼĽ񵱼׼Ѱ˵ص·ߡ
׹ʯѾϵ̨ҵ÷飬ס·;
Ľļ٣ĿĴѰſܵĳ·ȴֻʯϵıըѺݺᣬʯ£ԭխĿռøӱΣա
ī裬ӣͬھʲôôĽŭȵ¶ŤɫںҲԵ΢
īȴֻǵһЦĽ֮䣬ҪôҪôߣͬھҶԣһֽܽܡ
˵䣬һ죬һ޴ʯͷȻ£ֱӽ֮ĿռָĽ֮յضȴҲʧȥīӰһƬڣֻżʯԶϵıըһƽ
ɽıδںڰ֮Уûпͷһöʯ׹£ֱֱĺԣһʹϮק˻֮С
֪ʱıըڽص׺ľѱٵòӣƲԭģֻһƬǽ塣
ڷĳѻʯ䣬һϢֻš
л˵
[]ԭ֮ǰǸð¹ڣȻ¹ں֮μȥˣһ¸£ǸǸ
ŬϹģ


224תǬ
̽䡣
īǰɽҶЯݣȴ൱һֵľΪΪ˷ֹκû͵ϮİţеĶȴҹʱյ˳ĵ
ۼ˾ӪڣԽᷢʲôҲһ֪
ֱ˻ӰвܽǷĲȴһ˶Ϊٳֵݡ
¶飬Ǽ˹һ㡣
ŮȴֻƣǺþòս½ұ㲻ٶԡλ֪Լϱʲôǧ﹦ҵǹƼڴս
ټľӪȴһƬžÿ˵Ŀⶼ׷̨˵Ӱ
侲ᶨÿһֶͬشû˵ͷ
ô׼ɡӽˮȡһսֻʤûиκ²Ĳң
ļᶨȾʿ׷׻Уʿǣκ²Ĳң

Ǽݵĵգɱ죬ѹǡ
ɹ¿ų¥½ֵս֣в⡣
ҶݣīǰɽǶԤϵĽݾù£ɽĽפأīҲʲôսֽ֣ҶƺҲȫȻżݾúġ
ڴʲô⣿
ɹ¿·Ҷ̤սԣˮѩͥ⻮⣬Χʿ㾡ݽ㵹¡
κںٿźµʱ־Ĵӡ
ɹЦȷҫ۵ģϧսϣҫ۲һ¡
֣ߵĸ̻⣬õǰѹġ
϶µظҶ׼ȺеĺӰ
ʸңХֱҶ
ΣձƽĸɽһһޣҶὣתֱŶļʸþȫǿ֧ʸײһ𻨣Ž񵲿
̧ͷѭŹĹ켣ȥǽϵɹ
ۼһδУɹµ׼ڶҶҲûκԥҲ׼ʯ֮䣬Ѿɿ˹ңֱǽϵɹ¡
Ҷһ֮죬ɹмֻܲǿȴǱʸ˼ͷһѪ飬ʱѪ졣
ɹסͷ˿ڣ޺޵صҶһۣߵĸ̷ȥ󷽰˿ڡ
˿ڲɹ»ɫȻͬʱ׼Ҷļзߺޡ
ҽСĵ˿ڣӪУɫѿڴʱдȿ񣬡м
ɹȲΪ⣬ذڼԼؾܳʲô⣿
ʲô
ŴӪʵǳ͢˾ղóһɫʥּɹ½ּ
ۼ⾹Ȼȷǳ͢Ĵʥּɹֻͷˮع½ּּ
Źʧݣʱֱƴ̳ǣΣɹ¼ʱԮǣ󣡡
ʲôŹʧˣ桪̶һ仰а̫Ϣһ׽ԺһƬհףôأ治ôʱǣ
ղ̾Ϣһ͵ǰŹرͻϮؾ޷̾ͱˡĳҲһһ£ŷʱ˾Ȼ档Ѿֱʱȥˡ
ɹһȦ棬ʱҳһѺۣҾ˵ҶǸʲôԭ⡣㰵ȳ²һס
ս׼Ԯɡղѡ
ԮɹָӪ⣬ս˽ƣھҪ˱ѵҪҰݹ𣿣
ԡղһɫؿǱױּǧػԮּĽҲ֪
ĽݽǱأ
һؾԮ
ɹº޺޵ҧĵؽӹǾɫʥּּ
ȻǧԸ޶ھУеķա
֪Ϊذڼ̰ĴǰŬǰ

ɽѾ̮ķУʿذᶯŶѻʯ飬һʯҵ˻ԵŮˡ
ϲ񣬼æߵʯ龡ɾӷ˳ڻԣСĵغţˣĽݴˣһѡ
Һϵ࿴ȥһЩƤˣ˵òأںתѡ
ĽͷʹѵĺۣκʿǵĿ⣬ɨһȦΧǽķ棬ʣһ˶ã
ǳըѾ˴ʱ䣬ǰפɽҪ¶ͷΪɽԵȵըʱѾˣѾˡ
ûѰ𣿡
Էҡͷֻڷҵ
ӵˡĽҧҧ
ī书Ͼǿⳡ̮ܹҲ֡һεȷˣīǰ·ңԼǰٵɽʵ췽ҹ̷ֻǣԼȥԮɹ¶ѡ
û뵽ȻѡըֶΡ
ʧİûʱʿȴСˣһ¡
˵
Է۲ĽɫСĵʵûһ֧͵ϮŹأڹ¾ŹغѾֱȥˡʮּگԮؾ
˵ʲôûڻʱ̳ǣĽһʱʹŵصɴۡЩؾǷôذǳضزסֱϮǣ
ûȵĻشѾͨйϣԭһʼҶȥǣɹ£ɽǣңΪ˸ͻϮȡȻҲ֮ǰΣû뵽˺õô죬ȻѾʱˡ
ҲǴ˾ͻϮǣҶУڲǻؾʱ򡣡Ľ侲жϣԪڼԼ취ټһʱ䡣
ҡͷˣǱ¼٣̻ؾɹ½Ҳյ˵׼ؾԮˡ
ɹѾ׼شˣĽһץסɫأĳǳضҪˣ
ǱּͣĴɽҲ޷Էֻؽ͡
һȺĽײײվҶݣīɽֳеľڵһճǣôʱؾǣõķǽǱҶ̸ܷģ
æĽŲɽѾؾˡ
ɹѾʱؾȻǷĽһģֻǧŭӿͷģǿȳһѪ
̧ͷһƬĿɽ񷶥ѪĺɫտЦ
̰Ĵң̽䡣
л˵
ĽݣǿĶֲˣ˵һĶ


225κ²
ǧ﹦ҵǰ
ʱκʱѡĹڵĴ̳ǡֻκսƵκб޳Īٽκ߾ĵص㽨κ̳ǣǨˡ
īٳԶ뱱ٿսҲԵڴʱȴΪ㡣
ֻҪƱ߾ľŹأ̳ҲֻҪ·̡
ϮͻȻŹصؾû뵽ǰս½ƣ󷽾Ȼᱻ͵Ϯû뵽ʱĻһ˶Ϊˡ
һʱǳǣˣɱκȾѪޣЩŵ类˵˵תκġĴԺܿھԽԽŵƣͷۣǳѪ˵κĻ̻̣ڿʱͱ˹ȥ
統ͻϮκʢֳһʱǣһ֧ҵļֱκྩǡ
ԪڼǸϧˣֱ復Ƕʱͼæʮگ飬صľӳԮǡ
˴ս£κ㳲ǿ顣ͳκɹһѻյǿճǵݣ׼ؾ֧Ԯȴ·;һֱҶľ
ûо֧Ԯ·ϸĽŲȵϵ˴̳ǽʱľѿʼǡ
κͷ󣬴Ʈ˪಻ϵ˳
Ҷ
ڿɹµĲӺн棬κĲѾϵˣ
ԶԶԶҶıɫȻµĶҲѾˣлӦɹ°ɡ
תΡĳǽǽϵʿ¶־壬ȫװؾŹʱ׼Ľ
ֻЦЦݵ׼˳ǽϣʮɵľ룬˿׼˭֣ʸֱӹᴩ˳ǽһʿͷ­Դֱֱǽ֮ϣ̵ѪҺԽ罦һأŵΧѵ׹ɢӣԼΪһĿꡣ
ȻѾˣǾ׼ǰɣ󱳽Ҵġ

ǰľѾƳе׼ǣҶܿҲˣѾԿɹԮصϡ
ڴ֮ǰһ·Ĳ£Ϣīϰ˾Σ
ػش𣬡ɽѾɹٵ˾Щˣ޴󰭣СѾڸ̳ǵ·ˡ·ġ
ϢʱҶеĵڷЩ¾ͺá
ҶͷԶ̳ǵĳǽãչյñκĳǽΰΡڵͶصӰȴɢ˳ڻ֮ȥĿ־Ϣ
һʱ㱣û뵽κս꣬ڱȴǬ߸ԼѾٱκľ֮£йľֻҹڳڣûԼս
ǧ﹦ҵǰʷٲ
𽣣ѩͥչĿâոأڽա

ʹڻʹУԶǵɱҲԼš϶ѻľãϾֻҪϸ¥Զ¥սѾ۵ס
±£Ѫ۵ʿײײسڣ񣬿޺£Ѿˣɹ½Ѿ׼սˡҪǵĻ辡죡
ѵ׹أذڼϣϵսһʱûлӦ
£ûзӦߴѡ
ٵһ¡ذڼҧ¾תͷĽݽأôûϻ
ʱգΨһ̵ģҲֻڴĽݽתǬյԼߴϻؾǵ󣬾ȻûϢ*
Ѫ˿ͨ˫ۣŵ£ΣڳǱҲǳ£ǲ¶Ľݿ䡱
Ҫô죡ޣذڼ͵شվץס죬ŭŤ̳ˣѵҪӵɽȥ𣡡
ˣӶѡ䵭ŮͻȻڴ֨ѽһ򿪣˻룬ڵͶӰ
ذڼɿ֣ڵŮӣȻȾ˳ЩѪ۵˸롣
ĽݽڻʳǶˣҪô죿ץ˾һ㿴
ô죿ĽЦŹ𴽽ǣôʲô취УҲûа취ˡ
ôأҲûа취ˣذڼŵرߵǰǵıô죿
ûеȵشȴֻһĶڴڣ֮ǵʹ˶ƷƵˤڵ档
ͻȻһƵľʹذڼбŭĽŭĿӣŮˣҴ
ϧֻ˵һ룬ʺô˶סϢУҵؿĽ粵Ľֻֽ˫ֱۿŤɫ
ڽļڿһĻȼݣʶŮһʵڿ£ֵΪʵ۴Ľôǵļ϶͵͵뿪˻ʹ
ټĹֻǶˣĽ϶µظɫһƬὫе
ͱ˹¾ǵķʲôʸҽ£Ƴذڼ˶鷳ô̰Ĵ
˭֪ȻûǲҲûϵ𣿡ѵش˿Ľ
ĽᷳһŴϣҲɹϢҾΣȻõվͱ¾𣿡
õѡǷҶ̸ɹٻؾǡĽ߷˵ţȴͻȻ̾ϢһʶЩѡʵǶţ١
ϾʶģԪڼһ͵ĹʧܲϧܵعôһΪԼǰߵս֡
ˣҺ˵һֶ˷ѡֹסֻ丩ŶԷԪڼӦ˵겻ҵҪһ
ذڼµеѪĭֵؿʲôɱҶûкô
롣ĽֻǵضһƣȴͻȻеǱһ˫εĴֶסʺԺ
ɫܿϣֻڵŤҪקסĽ°ڡ
ǶԷֻԼ°ڣԶԶظģ·ģЩ
ļϣŰĭ˻Ϣֻ۾ûϣĿؿĽĮݡ
Ľûκεֻ֫ٺľʹΪѡ
̾ϢһŵߴߵΣȻ̻Ի͡
ųصĽŲһһߵǰűĴУϡ
Ըߴ¸ӣڻװĹߣټĹֶһ߾ʵԩꡣ
ЩǧƪһɵĻװΣʹϹڣĽҲǱַζĽʯ
ȤĶȴӹ֮͡
˿Ѿı֮𡣣Ҳֻؿαϡ
ϾҪһ˵ĵ
л˵
[̯]д޺ˡ


226Ѫ׳
ɱ֮Ů
ųŴ󿪣ʿ糱ˮӿ룬ʣµеֿԳһͽ͵ĿЦ
κӣֻھʿڳĵֿɹټѪ֮ŻʹĴţȴٳڵϢ
ľػӽֿǰĽ̲סȥɡʹڵ˾ѾǶӣ֮ڣ
Ѿʱȥ˼ˣ糱ˮӿǰʯûиܵʹʶԼͷ­ԭѾ룬գֺȻ׹䡣
ʶӳƺ£ѪģһƬѪɫ
ɹµ嵹ʱн۵ͷ­ʵؿҶһһĵĹ
ŹԪڼɹо֮ȴҲû뵽˾ȻġԽĶ𲢲ȤѩͥĽؽϵͷ­һߣϧҶ˵Ҫͷ­ʶѩͥ⡣
һ죬ɫĴҲ֮󿪣תţɫƣޡ
£ʹҲˣ˷ܵ
Ҷ潻񣬡ȥȶоƣȥѰԪڼ䡣
ȻϾκʹҲֻһʼʹڶݹصıκ壬ɱɱģסÿƵģ££ģΪպո׼
˱·ȥˣҶֱĵ
ڻʹ䣬вۼĹѾʶµˣ·ɽꡣ
Ҷһʱ㱣һ̲ʶƳѾıڽձոֻƾһҲԹҫǧ
˳ƶˡ
ǲϵԼҲûԪڼİϢʱܷɾʱ̣ǹһ
ֱеĵĹȥ¥գӰ
µʿҲƿ˴ţȴûֵֿŴ󿪣չ빬ڣճڽ̻Ի͡
һƬžֻԼײ졣
Ҷ̤빬ţӳľԪڼĿʬ壬䲢ûб״ҵʬŵȴд󺧡
ͣŤɲԵϢʬȴѰպۡ뵱״һģһ
̽ܣע⵽ߴбһŮӡ
ɫڽɫ룬·𲻾˼İĨɫбαһǣͷ˿䣬ĿʱҶ㱼Ϊּɽ
ԷһĶüۣӯӯЦϲ£ټһκ֮ˡ
ҶȴֻŮ˻¶͸Ź죬Ǻˣ
Ǻˣʳ⣬ġĽʧҡͷīûܹҡ
ݣڱκʹĿ˵̬ҶҲ˲²⣬񡪡
ƺʱĽתֳһָζЦݣңֻ
ҽһ£µȷҲĽݽĽ񡣡ͣƬ̣Ȼиʷи֪֣񡣡
֮еģҶ¶˾ɫƺǰ˾ʷ񡣵תһ룬˱ѾϣλʷϵҲ֡
˭춼޷뿪ĵһڵ֪ԷʱҶ̬ȷӽϾҲ֪ŮͨҾࡣ
ԶԶҶеѩͥ⣬ȻѩĽĿԶЩҶߣҶ˽šɷģҶԻλַӹ֮͵ﲻȤڴ֮ǰλλá
ڶϣֻ˵רڴ˴ġ
£ʹҪ̸ͬҲڴ˵أҶҪܾȴ֪ʱڵ˶ʧֻǶˣĽѾĵһƬ硣
α˽ţҶȻѾ֪ķʽǱҲ֪κѣվǻȥģؼڴ˿̡Ľ񰲾ӣһ㣬īӦ˵ô
Է˵ĵȷκѣûѰΪȻǻȥġ˿ʱ˵ǲī裬˵ǣר̵ңΪ˵밢ص£
ҲǴˣ˵ʡĵġȷ£ѵ֪ϧһдҲһ𣿡Ľ򢣬¶õЦݣϾҲ£ʱӦ𼱻ǵ̳Ǹϰɡ
ܴĽ˵ģȻʲô¡ҶܾĻﶼѾߣȴΪеĳɬͣסʱī쳣̬ȡ
ҺȻīĽʶҲ֪Է񣬶ԼȻԴһ֪
ȥīģеƻֹס˻ȻԼ߽˵ʲô
ʮǰǸ죬ɽѩµúܴ󡣡Ľûֱӻش𣬶ɲ˵仰
ԷȻ仰ʲô˼ɫһ˲ҶӣûڸԼϵɱ⣬һһٵص㵽˵ʲô
ѵҶʮǰĸӦֻһеĳʹκĹϵôҲڷȥʹ
ЩԶļӿԺҶɫˮɱĶգκ˵ҸĻ죬Թ
ԣĽмͣ˵ǣ㵱ôֿຮ֮أʲôµ֮ڣ㸸ײǸʹմȨĽɫɱŭҶ֮⣬κκô
ǡָҶļͷ˸˸߰ĳ룬κԸðźҶսķգҲҪɱӦ
ǰ˵ҸײһССʹôֻ˸˸߰ĳκɱأ
ԳЦţȻ˿̵ҶԵøٶۣ֪û뵽ԭ򣬻ǲԸȥеĲ룬㸸ʮǰĳãжôʢӰֻǸصĽɫȻǲֵ˴µȡģ֪˲֪أ
ĽóһƵֽŵݸҶ
ҶӹֽţԵطֽϵݣֽϵݶذڼĻκĵ۵ȷĵҪκѺӦ׵κأ
пļ룬ҲĿмֵǵıԵֵκľѿ
Ȼκһ޷ܾĳ롣
˭дģֶֽڲѹԼ
ĽЦڶߣĪۻˣдüٵġ
ҶڿּʱԺһƬհף̹ǵĺֽӵԼ֫ٺǱɽвôϢ
ֻж̶֣òУȴ־߲ܾ۽
ּɷְǣԼпīбʵĺۼ
īܡ
ƫƫĽɤ겻ɢȾӦϵֽϵּģϾ˾黭£һǧȻҲгϮ丸ԭ򡣡
īܣҪĵɱĸס
Ҳ˵īɱ֮Ů
л˵
[̯][̯][̯]
òᣬ£īӹһʼ֪Ҷ׵ģļǲòʡ


227ฺ
ޣһˡ
ī裬ɱĸ˵Ů
һǧذͷҶò
īģǻ֪ĽԣīĻرζڴ˿˽͡
Żһٱܡ
īΪʲôһҪɱҵĸأеطֽ߽ʡ
һ㣬㲻ȥĽ˼ؿĵſڵĽ磬Ͼ£ҲǲʼյġȥʵˣӦñҸףô
ˡ
䣬ײ֮ǱһһƿȻѡ
/
˲ڣĺɫб̳£ƺǴɽˮгµѪǵѪȾذ°ڣ÷
ڿʱīϲڽ󺰵ԶһЩ
ҶʶĽʵԼĽ̫Щʶ˲Զ롣
īн죬ת˲ѾĽǰ־ֱŶȥ
˲Ƿɣֱ涼һĻۡ
ҲҶһμīޱеģΪ˽飬Ϊ˱˽ɱ¾īýƵġ
ٻɱ⣬ֻΪȡʱ
αضһ֮˲أֵīһĽᴭ˿̧ۿܻģī衣
㲻ΪΪ𣿡īȴȻ̧Žûаֵ˼
ĽۣΪмЦЦҲɣҪⱨӦĻ̫Ӧñ
׼ó𣿡Ƶʡ
ԣīɫڽӲƬ̣شᣬӦĴۣҲӱܡ
ôȥɡĽָָֻעһĻҶ֮ˡ
˵ţһһˣ𽥵
ټī˻֣ޣԣټˡ
εƾʧ˵ڣīֻƽսˣǰô͵ӵˡ
תҶĿ⣬Է̬ϵƽֻ۵׳࿴ʶˣô
ûб²ôãֻȥκʹųʹʱңϣĽףҾܾīʵشĺЩգɫ԰ֽ
šȥʱ龰ҶۣҲǴʱʼòԵġ
Ҷ¶ЩʹɫΪʲôһҪɱҸأī裿ֻһʹҲ˳͢ľơôǵ·ֵʹɱ֣
㸸һҳЩɳƣⲢīܵı⡣մ麵ļأīٳǻʹص׵󷨣ҪĲϾѪѪһϡеĿʯʳ˵ѪΪýתϧѪֿʯֻκأԭܼΪо󷨣ֻκ߼۲ɹѪ
ĸƫƫκʹʱżȻײī뱱κĽסѾǧټƵֹȴִҪȥࡣ֪κ׵ܣ˳ϣȻ֪īϵĸҰġ
īɤɬ·һɰĸҶһԸ泯ֻ͢Ϲۣ»ܳΪղܣһЧġ֪īϵͼȵκһ档ʱīıָأ
һ£ҲûѡĻᡣ
˫ˮʣֻһɽҹ꣬еʹᣬ࿴С
°ڣûκԥعҶǰԲ𡣡
ļǱֱģͷ­ȴǵʹģ֪ЩͶǲ԰׵ģҷµҲӱܡ
˵ɣҵĸЧҳҵĸֺ޹أһΪǵĶһֻܲಡ󺬺޶աҶỺ̧֣īӡ
֪֪һĶɽѩδֹҸױʳ֪ûԮһ˿ּǧױڴѩв߲ݵѰҡ֪֪ǱΧǧױսսѪȾɽѩأֻһ˴Ҹ׵ʬһһ߳ɽȴܵⷣ͢
ᣬᵽ߽ȴһһǾҹ֮ȥʡ
֪֪ΪΪԳ͢Ҿн乬Ϊʣʳªܾܾ˰ۣҶ΢üݣȥ۽ǵۣ֪ˣʵ֪ġԷǶʱ䣬һŮʱʳʹõİţǲǣ
ʱ룬һԶǵĶ飬ΪǶΰյʱΨһһԮֵˡ˵ţϵȴֱīܵǴʹУ۽һˮʵʱͺΪʲôһᱻؽ乬ֻΪһ㲹ô
ī贽⶯ƺ˵ЩʲôһԲ
ڶҶĿʱһ˲䣬ĵģ£־壬ΣԼİзӿϣŨī֭Χ
ҵĴīۣҵıⲢǡ
ȴҲû˵Ļ۽ʱһֻĵֻһһλ䣬ڱשʯϡ
ī裬֪ɽʮǰǸĺ䣬īٵĶҪǧ򱶡
ʱûްԭ޶ǿһϵġ
˫קס°ڣקһƬŤۺֱۣǽڷס
Բ𡣡īȴֻ³֡
Ѫƺ˵ٶ໰ҲԵò԰ס
ǵָţΪʲôҿʹأ
ΪͬԴ޶һˡ
仰ʱīһ󻺻ɿ
㡱ֱҶ۾ȥ˫﾿ʧǺ⣬Ҫ𣿡
ȴٳûӦõΪȵԷĻش
ȴȵѪҺϣ̵üҪˡ
ī𾪵̧ͷҶʹɫǵѪذ׵οѪɫ
ʣ̴Ҷϸ飬ǲĽӴ㣿
Ҷɫ԰ԼϣĽļͷһ˲ͱֽôֻüͷѶȻīĻУקޱ޼ʵĺڰ
һ̣һϼҲ׹صףڰһ˲併٣žʱڵı׹䣬ˢŻʹڵѪʳһƬ
޳Ȼǧ㾡Ҳûˡ
ǰһԻԺ
ɽˮԴס
л˵
Իعһ146-148һڣ氵ʾʵҶԷǶʱ䣬īڹ
ҶʹĸԴǣʵϲīΪڵ㣬֪ԷǳεĲ㰮ʱʱ
ıҲԴۣʵͬľ´һīôҲϴȻѾܶ಻˵ˣ£ѡɱһԼûʲôϵˣʵ⡣
ûжԴ
ӦǸۣʵһ£ȻҶպ췴ҶˡǾ飬̬̬.jpg


228ɴ
ܵóκοʹԹ޻ڡ
īٳǵĴꡣ
ʱڵ껹⣬֯ĻԶȥɽʣ嶣졣
ֻһٵĽŲ˴Ҵйѻȣ·ɣȫȻƽﲨģ
ŲҴʱŮ׷񣬡С㡣
īֻһʾ£ʹҴȥ䡣
ڵĳȻţֻѵԳƽղͬңϹĶذݷ̯
īȥע飬ֻߵ˴ߣڴߵŮӣΣ
ԷŲæǰʱһ磬̧ͷӣȴỺҡҡͷ
īʧԱȴֻ̾һ˴ͷ
˯ڴϵŮӲ԰׵ķɫϷŲĳ죬ʹ˯Ҳüͷż૳ģ߽
ֱһĶͷɹ̵ˡīؽԱߵˮдʪϸҶա
ҼʱܵһԿīչҶ޿ʡ
õĶ˶٣īش𣬡˵·ϣųӦܵ
ҲáɫɶЩϾǲ֢ޡղ˵Σգܾϡǽлᡣ
īûлشֻظŰҶõĶŵƻȥķɫ԰ֽɫ㲣۵׷һǳ࣬·һĴ
ȥЪϢɣѾտһˡãīſȰ
ɫǣ㻹ŵס⼸Ҳûôۡ
޷һЪһɫվǵˮ©ģ·Щ΢Ĵֻǻþ
֪ȰסҲֻЭҾƫЪţʲôʱҡ
ȵ뿪īֻ̾һѻĹİᵽߵϣȡպպīʼģҶּĹġ
ҶԵЩӣصȻ䵽һϣ滹ڱκػ۸ӣֻѹ¾ԲѵϢҶϻīѰҽεķ
վǳ֮ƣȥأ
һԼҲ֪
ĿܴĳʪУдֵıʼһ٣ֽ䦿ǵīۣīס촽
Ľµ˻δϣּ֮ձǷģ죬Ƿ
̾˿ѹסǻѪϢϵĹ
ҶҵĺѾջԲ˺üգȴֲѵףīһһճȵס

Ҳȥ롣
һֱҹɫȫһƬʱīæ˽յĹ
бʣͷ˯ڴߵҶǸջԵģڻ˯ƺʹ࣬żĳ鴤
ī跢һص̾Ϣ뻳УΪԼǱģеҶ̰ܵ¶ȣͷġ
īĸܵԷĹ¶ȣȴġ
Ӳǻչ˵ͣЩʱιҩõΪҲࡣ
ҩɬɢڷڣīֻǻҶտŴҹɫŨī
ʱڵ껹δͣײ壬죬εͤҶҡΡ
ǹ̵ģҹĿʪֳصڼϣ
Щ쿴ҽҩñ飬ҶȴǺ޺תס
ҶգҪʧȥ㣬ָôأ
ʣ˯˺޻ӦԼҲ֪𰸡
ֻǸˡ
˫ҶȴԷõİ̴ľ㶼ɢǳҪҩڸǡ¿̳£ͷ­ʹԶȥһֻİ׺ס
̵䣬οһƬʪˮۡ

һѣôô˯
бĴüͷὫ*ѡ
īۣŷԼͿڴͷ˯ˣվԼǰ¶ǡ
½ҲմЩ΢ˮۣϷ¶δɣȻҲǴæ
δͣ
īѣʹæץסҵ󣬡ǰȾȳ
Ҵīѵ㲣¶˻Ȼ޴̬ʵӲ©Ľɫɼεȷ˴¡
ڿҶϲ̬ĳʱɫһݣæҶΪ
ڽӴҶʱҵüͷüǴһƬӰ
һƬžֻҶҵĺ봰Ĭǧذبڶ֮䡣
ҵָȻͣҶϣûջ֣ڳʵѾµô
ǡ
׿˵ʱĻǳ˹ȵסһĽֱʣһǻ˯ѣղˣȻ²⡣
ʣǺմеһ𣿡
ס
īڴϣֻŻ˯Ҷһˮǻ䡣
ҡ
һֳŶͷɫʹ࣬һ֪񶾵ֶΣӦЩѳġ
ī¶ûڣһմɽӵķʱΪˣԼҹ̣ûĽĽų̣ʼһ
ֻߣЩҶעĽǲûлҶ䣿
һ©һţŻнն
׼δҳʡ
£ī͵̧ͷûκת𣿡
أߣö񶾣Ҫƣҩʯҽ⺢ӻͨĵֿİš
ҵᣬһֻĺ󱳰
ϵɵأ
Ĭúī̧ͷҶӡ
𾪵ɫīıȴ൱ƽ·ֻѰ̸һ¡
С̻ؾܲסⶾĴۣ״ùƶԶȥⶾһ
֪΢۽ޣɫƽ͵
ҵָںݺߵĶͷϣ֪˵ʲô𣿣
Һǰҿǵúˡһλˣع۵ǰ֮ǰ˭ܳеأټԭս𣿡սҶ֣ŶԷĹ̵¶ȣҪǰģѣһһֱ֪
ԭҡҵīҶһۣӰ첻̫ˡ
նն˵Ļֻͷʹޱȣȥأ
īȴֻǺܶվ°Թ£˱ͦ񣬷˪ݣ˿ȴֻǰصͷǰϵ
ǷԳΩԸֲһ
ֻԸ곤ΪκοʹԹ޻ڡ
л˵
һ»īĸ˷⣬Ȼ˵Ƿ⵫Ȼһ˳ӽǣǸ߾ģԲĶŶֱӰ˳Ķͺá
ϾҪӽˣ[̯]ܸлҵ֧֡
˵һ´ŵİţԺ󻹻з£λǵķӦûһЩĿǰѾⶨõķǿļλһλɫķ⡣
Щɫķܻῴߵ뷨
ķһ㶼Ǹxpӣдʲôдʲôˡ
һĿǰǴ㿪Ϊ¹ɰ롷ԤѾרİҲⱾİԿĽͳĹ£񲡲̨в
[ʮ]Ҳϣҿղ֧һԤգ


229ī跬˼
ŬΥˣȴվδܸı֡
һڽ֮ʱµĶҪȥ
νֲҲһԸοԼ˵ǣϾ䲢ʱ⵹ֻ֮ԭؿ//οѡ
ī̵ңǰ˼ȫ޻ڡ
ӣӹ˿ӣı߿󣬹ıʮ󣬵˭Ƽٲ֮վΣ
˷ľʯʳл⡣
Ҳһ
£̫ѧ顣
һú磬ż£յȱȥͥԺڽ㣬θ
̤ѧõʱЩ˾ѧδλ߸OO@@Ҷһ𣬲֪ڳЩʲô
̧ۿʱǻŸмҶԵҪһЩ˶سָָĸУô
ʲô
±Է
ΪһЩõĻ䣬ҲԾüͷҶʱڵĸ㲢ûʲôӡīûйϰߣȻҲûԲĸ㡣ҶֶΨһӡһ±ϸɬڸҲƲϸ壬ұҲʳʣһ൱ѳԵӡ
ˡҵѡ˾ܾ
ܲµЩʲôЦ൱ڵģԡ
ҶҲŽͣ˴±ǱĿζڽټԡ
ɫֿ಻þֻܾǿӹ±һڣƤһһϸµذĶɳڣɳϸֲ壬ȷǽټĿζ
ҶĳƲϸȤҲҪ±Ŀζ൱ʶҶеĿ⣬һǵͷ޵
ҿޣ˵һЩȥīҼæؾ±ҪǱīƼֻ¶
Ҷ˵ιīٳкʱĵƻֵȥԱ÷ζЩؼԲվûʲôġ
̨˾ѧ˻˯˼㱣ֱҶңȥƻ𣿡
չյգ۽Ⱦâǹ˸
ƻ
ƲȥǲȥҶӵĻûʲôȤֻȥīܻҪãѲϲ̫ѧÿµĥʱա
ҡҡͷ
ҶɫԵúʧܿ콫ڸֱӯӯЦģǺðɡ˵ĵƻкܶÿĻƣȤÿ͸㡣
ʵ֪ﱾؼԲʱӦˣ͵ƻӦͬȥģҡҿеղľܾڶΡ
á

صīʱһֹڳõţʱԲϲã۵ľϲŵĸۡ޹
ƽīܴʱճҪһѧϰЩԾİػظƵϵɫҲԵΪá
ʲôˣʡ
мӵģ²ðˡִʣش
ҹ۲ǼոȥİıӰʣκǱߣʲôˣ
īܿҵֲ죬֪
ո뿪Ǹǰűȥκ£ôھͻˣ
㵹ǹ۲ϸīҲʵش˵Ǳ߻˵ںн׵жƺ͵ˡ
Ѫ
Ҳ֪ϢҲࡣüͷܺ¶ǵɫ
֪īܵĹǣϾīϰκУΪ˲ɹѪڻǱƼ˱Ľף
ûм⣬ѵÿңŮô
šҲϲôʣֻش𣬡ͨͬˣûʲô顣
òīܴйģϾڵҶδؼǵõҶٵѪ̬ȲҲֵöӴ
ʱī̬ܵʼճƵƽȻҲΪκ©ֻһССĲ
Һܿʶ˴²û˼򵥣īܷаĴƵҹƥǧκī١
һ˵Ҳ̸гֵƵ
Ӧ
ȻֵģԪĳ͢¹󣬲ĴʹʹκʹķҲҶĸס
ȴƫƫǸīκѪˡ
ЩʱҶȴԱӿһ֪ڼĸ˵ţͬ˵Ϊһϲ
īܿϵֽȴ˾Ȼʶ࣬ǱҲˡһƣȱȱʹ
ԣ˾ҼæֹѾȹ˼ά˵˿ڡ
īһֲ಻͵ɫң֪˵ʲô𣿡
ԺתţҪҵʵȰ˵ŹӦӦڱأҶҲһȶء
ȶӦκҶЩʲôīһѵҿ˽ԴԮô˵
أ
ûаֲͬһبŲļҾͻ˵ȥĺɷᡣⲻôʡһ
ȫȻûǰҶٶīմ麵շΪ˱ȫǶˣҶٱѡǰȥġ
ʺһƬɬһʱҲĻ֪īԲӦβڷīϺκ׵ִܺҪعҪȻҲҪҶһ޺֮ǡ
Ȿ׵ķ
ԺĶҶݣڴͼ˵ط꣬ȫȻ޹ģѵҪΪһ¶ô
ʧȥĸ׵ʹ࣬ҲԸʹҲϡ
һڣ˵ҶŮƷںαȥĳأ
ͷȴһײʹУīеҵҵĶ䣬ֱײǰһҳ׹أּҲһƬģ
޶ۣѵ÷ŭҵϣǰΣδȴЩ翵Ŀ¥Ӧصһùջδ֪
죬ȴ޷ֻʺɬۣ
븸˼в˼ķֻ˵
ˣ֪˵ЩʲôͬҶߵǰҸ߳ڵͶŨصӰ£
ī裬֪˵ЩʲôôָҼͷѨλϣϥǴʹһĵĴʹֻܹڵשʯϣ̧ͷָȥǽϵģң彣顣
ȥ˵һôѪδȴƣ֪֪Щ޴ͬ飬ٲīϰŬ
֪˵ĲҲ޴ӷӦ潫īз֮ĵϢرۣΪ˸Ŭ֮һ档
ҲϲΥһöӶѡ
שʯ֪ӽҪѪ;ˡ

ȴʲôҲ֪
ڶȥ̫ѧʱȵظҵĶ䣬ôˣͷôһ飿
ֻܺմʱСıҵˡ
СĵҼŶͷ࣬СһЩġ
ôСĵ˲ңŵģɱˡ
֪ϵİѾȥֱκƱҪӦܴκع
лĸˡ
ת˲ţһĶú硣
𻨵㣬ѩ£¼ԲȱīٳѱѩȾһƬذס
Ҷվûеȵһδ̫ѧ֮С
īٳڶᵽϢʹκʹٳûйκָ͵ԹɽУҶʥϴʥּǧǰɽԮ
涼ѵңǲǳʲôˣ
аҴ̽ϢҶΪڻʹԷڣΪҶ
ֻҡͷ˵Ҳ֪
Ͼƽƽͬˡ
һ޽İ·ҲǺõġ
Ĵʱְҵࡣ
Ѿ䶨ӦɽյķѩУҶԮ޹ֻܱʬһһ߻
ΪˣҲһ
࣬ݸһöƵİá
Ƶø⾫ɣɫӨ͸пգպǻڷһ֧
һյ״ơ
ȥ͸ϧֱڲܸ㡣ƷҵУȻģ·յѪ޴δ
֪ԴһǷģܳ

Ҳͬһİ·ˣҲ֮á
Ľǰ̣ǰ·̹ܴĽ
֪޿⣬ʶ
һǻǣ֡
֪һõĴڣƫƫҡ
ÿһÿһ룬ʩᣬ͵Զ´档
˶˵Ҹ̫࣬ȴ֪վ̫١
ɽλҲӹѰҴ߶ߵĶһܳ
Ĳֺܵ˺ȴվҲû
һ֪࣬Ҳ֮սٵĹ

ʶڴ˿̣һߵס
ڴʱ˿̵飬ǰΪմѡһ
֮
ǷԳΩԸֲһ
ֻԸ곤ΪκοʹԹ޻ڡ
ֻǺܿϧעҲأŬΥˣûܸı֡
δ̹վûҵλá
ǷҵǶľܽѾˣǷģֻټ
л˵
[̯][̯]壬滹޸ġ


230Ī
ˣٲص򡣡
ʶָǴϸδֹܽǵ䡣
ֲ࣬ϸȥҶ
Ҷܿʶˣڱأ෴Ϥ
ǽϵ
͵ۣȴͻչ̼ǰס
ڴʱһ˫£˫ϣס˴۵չ⡣
ָⴥбǳ÷㣬ҲһϤϢ
ҶɶԷסԼ˫Ŀգ˫ʱŨܵ۽ɨԷġ
ʱƺãԷȷԼѾӦ˹ߺ󣬲Żջ֡¸оô
īڴ߿ȴɫ㲣۵׷ǳɫЩУ԰顣
ҶֻоԺﻹʹ˼ӣûлشī⣬ֻʶʣôī٣
ԷƽΪ֮ͣӣֻȸϻīҽΡ
ī˵ǵˮ©Ҷûз뷨òϣīҲİࡣ
滹ڱκʱͶµĲЩĻɫ಻صǡ
۽ƳһԭԶѻûоͷۣѾϸطűѵãһҲ֪˭ֱʡ
Ҷȴڴ˿ȥЩԶûͷķֻīĿԣҪ˫ۡ
˫Ϥģڰ׳γ۵ȴ
û˵ī裿ҶʣûзŭҲûָֻǰѯʣƺֻ֪һ𰸡
īָ˶٣ֻ޷˵£ȷһġ
˴ΣҲ´еġؿڣ׼뿪
ʲô˼ҶüûԤ뵽Ļī뿪
īڴߣɫƽȴᶨһʹĻ뿪Ǹõѡ񡣡
ΪԭüӰУʱ¶ЩҲµ·̹ǧǧˣΪΣһأ
ָãԺأƫͷҶ޷ãҲ///ˣ٣ص򡣡
Ҷץס°ڣ׺ѹקһƬ壬𣿡
˼Щٶۣһʱ֯˼ԣֻקסī°ڡ
֮䣬ûδ٣δǹһѡȴû뵽ī˷仰
ǵģЩʱѾǵúˡ
ԷػشҪջԼ֡
Ҷû֣ī費òһԼء
Ļһ˲䣬ҶЩĹ;
īڴ¾֮񣬡׼뿪
Ҷļһ𣬻Ϊصʱ򣬶Էȴѡ뿪Ǵ󲡳ʱԷѡ˷֡ٶײԣīȴȷһ
Ȼˣֺαطôأ
ҶзޣֻͷԸٿľĻ޻˵
īȴοĻҲû˵ֻ󣬾Ͱ뿪˷䡣
ƿʱ⻹һ崺꣬뿪ʱȻǰʮǵֽɡɡīǰ÷ī
ֻݳſǱɡĻ֮Уڰ׶ɫܿͻڲ
Ҷֻؿ뿪ıӰֻƺһĻʶġȴ𲻺õԤУ֪뿪֮ѡ
ΪʲôĽ֣

£˼ǣɶ档˳ָҶϣ΢üͷǱϲ
Ҷ֪Լ״Ľ֪Լ˺־綾ԼԾʱͷۣĥߡ
ЩʱҳΪԼϣüۼȴʼջ֮ȥ
ĥҲĲʹ
һ²⣬ʶ˼ǡ
˫üһĿúڣʡ
֮Ƿ񲢷˼򵥣ɫ֣أ˵ԼƶϣϾֻǶĻΪεӦޡȴǰΪΣĽµĶѰɡ
ȴĬţû̻ش
˫ȴһǳıˣЩʱ
ҵĻԣǷйأõĳĬ֤Ĳ²⣬ҶǸīǲʲôϵ
ƺǷøֻ࣬ǳЦһջ֣ǧңҪࡣʵ˭֪Ҳס㡣
̾ϢƮɢڿǣ׼ȥô˵ʹ֪࣬Щʲôأ׼˽ĳ֮ŮѾȥת˵
֪׵ģȥ࣬ȴǺһ¡
ӣ͸ңԶĶ
ҶĻشȴúܿ죬Ҳ֪ǰʵҲ֪еĴ𰸾ģ޶һˣ˵ޣĸ֮顣˵Υ֮ǣŵ۷˪ѩ꣬Ҫףδʳԡ
˵ģɫ㺣ڻһƬǳǳĺһ֪Һʹ֪˵࣬һǺٿ̧ͷҶӣǲҵĸĴأ
һõ̾Ϣ
걾ѵã֪ظѵãȻãȻŪ˵ĳ̬
ˣˡ
ҳȻҲڣϾܶ˶ôźͷԼһѡЭϵ䣬ĽõֱʡҲͬµմϣʱҩʯҽֻ֮ѡɵϣѪùƶԶܽⶾ
ܲùƶԶķֻ˶ΣɵԼϣԼΪѪͳԭֵòһջԣ
ҵɫ֣أʱѾˡ
䣬ҶѾԼϵĲʹ´ȥ˺δ𣿡
಻֪֪Ӧӡҡͷ
ҶĿ⣬ƽѶԷҡУʼļңѾûжʱ䣬ѡӦΪ

Ҷ˼ţһֱڵ̷İ袣袣СʱЩʲô
ҶɫວһƬ̺ش𣬡Сڱ»ʱ䣬Ĳ顣϶һЩǰƳصᡣ
ȥЩ飡
ֻܼæҶȥīᡣ
ϵѻǰйص᰸ʷֽʵ޹Ұʷ̺
ҶûʱȥһһЩᣬԿȥصݡ
ת˲Ѵñֳѩͥ⣬Ļ֮С
޹غޣ޹غֻǴԺ࣬ں˼ÿһ˲ڸΣҪټī衣
л˵
[̯]ʵʼдʲôѧһԵĸ黹̫ˣк֮ܶȥд
ûĻһ¾ˣҲû뵽ԭֵܼҲˣپǽͻ¡
[ͷ]Ҳܸлҵǡ


231ɽ
۴鳤ãɽࡣ
ǣΪǰƳʶïļ紺
Դѩﳪֱʱ
ǹҹͥͬޣϺ󡣵кʢڽ˿õĺ¥
Ͼعսλϵһ㻻ֻԭսҲܱ⣬ڷ׷ɵս̮һƬڵķ档
ǣսҺؽһѰѲܷʢ࣬𰮺ޣ֮µһg
ɽԻϣɽ곣Գ
̤ʯʯɽУҶ䣬ƫƫȴ˿Ũң̧ʱȻ˰ɽƬԳһ޵糺
˳ֽɡŲỺ٣ʤѩɡϰ÷񳣬һǡ
ɽƳֻ֮Ǿսңʱ꣬粻¡
ī軺ʯףɽ¾ͷˡ
ɽ¼ͤһһɽƣɽ»Ҷ࣬ɽ˳ߡ
ƫƫͤȹŵ䣬µͬżȻһĨɫоȾ΢죬ٿȻƺĻ죬ݱһء
ŲʱĻۣ̌ƺҲƲϲ죬ֻʣѰ˴ģ
֮ǻصѲǵģ*ֻǿӹս飬ֻ޴һīͥߣɡ˶ɡϵˮ˵Լƶϡ
Ľԣ޿κεߵλī裬Ĵϲʱ񡣡
īĽλãĽһƵݸ˵ΣοңҲ⡣
֮ԣӦȥѰα˼ɣΪǡĽ⻰ĻǷֻ̣ΪԼһ¡
Ѱôīĵǲɫ޷ӹΪԼҵĽڣ΢΢ͣ٣Ҳ˲
ۿīֻǰľƱĽѵʱڵҶζѣǴǰľơϧζҲ統ˡ
īֻôоƣȻȷ񣬵ʵͷϸƷмζȷԾֶ᲻ȤջǷ˾ƱϧδܸͬܣȻҲƷһͬζ
ȷ̫£ҲֻԼƷóζ
˷ǣƺȹ̫ΣҲˡʵѺȲƵζż΢ʱһ˲Ϊ֮˻࣬䣬ҲһȤī裬Ѿûжʱˣ˵ܻģαʱ仹ҪɽˮѰҡ
īֺص佣δνĽҪҲܰȥġ
īϵ쳣Ȼ֪ܸ֪ԼѾīɵԼϡֵôܻףȴô׵ؽ˱ˡ
ֵ񡣡ī谲ؿɽⷭӿƺī̵޻ڣ˷ľʯ֣޻ڣһ˵ǶԵģ޷صµ˼ȫ¶ȥ£ԸⱳдۣҲеһĽȥЩͼĻرġ
ĲĻھͿȥڵʲôأĽǺЦİɣī裬ˣҿԸĽҩ
˻ī¶Щɫأ
˵ζȻ㹻ɬȥȪƷĽдɱϾζꡣ
īóָ˴λɽͬģô
Ľδش𣬡ѿտգľҲһ߿չףͬ᣿
ѿ׿ˡīһֵ򢣬˼عǰκѳᣬᡣعпտգӦ˽֪ģУξҲڹˡڿչһ£ľлãʬʧٵĸ΢΢
ĽһĿע˵ʲô˵һ߿չô
ī迴ĿȻݱ置ƶ֮תĸ֮Ϊøɢǲµʬġ
֣˿ָѾ԰׵ü͸˵ϸȥҲԵ鸡ࡣҴ˿һ㡣
ĽٿȻɴۣקס죬ƺ˵ЩʲôȴѾܲסҵֻţǵ߲Ѫ
÷
һôīʾᣬȴĽɫ԰ֽ
ԶļٽŲʱһЦ϶صӮī衣
ģһۺʱѡˡ
ī̧ۿȥ
һʱͣϢУֻܿɽ˶ʧɫ
֮һѰõİϢ֮
һ˲ѱӵ뻳У̴ľǳºͣؽ˵ӵΪŶҪ衣
ӮˡĽᣬݵشȡһ״ƿ档
ҶŷӦ˵ػһˣ¶עһԵĽ
ǶԷֻǺƽؿ彣ѩͥһá
Ҷ֪ڴ˿Ҫ彣Եɣī޷ģɡ
ջǽ彣ݸĽ
Ľн£ѩ£겻ࡣ
תɽлķ򣬿Ҷ£ףꡣ
޷ڣطˡ
ѩѪɫ绨
ѩͥ⻮ʺѪɫ籡չڻ𣬷׷ɢʧ١
˽ϵǵѪ·δڹ
ΪλᡱҶŵؿнϵѪĽʧ
ԼѡԼĹ£ǲˣö֪īȴԤһ㣬µĴƿҶӣټ㣬ȷ֮ϲ
Һܿġ
Ҷڴ˿ȥīǰĽ̸Щʲôַֻüۣȷǰ˵ʵ
ֻǰؽǰӵ뻳У⼸㵱ңΥ֮£һԭ𣿡
ʱش㣬ᡣ
޷Υ֮£㲻ıġϣܵõҵƫԶرƽȥҲ˵ĴͷԼ
Ū֪ѵá
Ҳٴˡ
һǺ䡣
ؼҡ
ɽͣǳȴٿȻ¡

һ񻨳ʱڣīٳǵҶ̻죬ŽҶŨͥԺͶһƬ񣬶ãƻ
ĳԺڣŮʦ˵һɢѧڵŮŷɵһų򻶺ɢȥ
Ȫˮˣڻȡ
ĿҵԿһдòŵĴ𰸣顣ڱһҵͥԺĻʱûס̾˿
ڻбŮӱʣһϮѩ䣬һˮīʵüֻۣһ۱Ȼ续
֪Ǻη͵һ
лһҵʵıʸĵصŴ꣬żʱ˳д¼ע
ǵ̾Ϣʱ̧ۣЦ⣬ЦʱڻüĿ˪ɫһüۣ·пҵӦˣô̾ģ
üۣպõĿҵ˵ݸī裬ֻǾúüѧӵĿҵǴ̫ѡ˸ίЩôʣпˡ˾˱ʱԺѧҲʵףȴ֪ϧ
ī赹Ҳգеֽš
ԼǸԵˣԺڽѧ֮󣬾ȻҲȺĥƽӡ
пյҲδزһ¡īһ˵ţһڿҵϼעԸȥܱʲôáҲûнεĴ־࣬ĬдĹҲ˰˳ɡ
ǻ¶Щɸֵ飬֪īԽѧǶôѵõĻᡣ
ƽľͺãǡû̧ۣīƺҲ֪Щʲô˸־ͬÿ˶Ҫڶʥһ·ϳͷأĲ篸󣬽ԺΪЩ޼ҿɹĹܾ֮ѧһŰգܶϰģǣ͸ò
ûв篸ûԺЩڻ¥Ц
һҲǺѵõġ
īԣ¶˼ɫԶͯ𽥱Сת任Ϊ̾ͻʱεЦЦīԺܴʱ䲻ˣˡ
īֻݽӹպõĿҵ޷Щ꣬ɹ͵
ԺĺͯûжٻӴ͢£ǲ֪ʱΪǽѧǵ˾˶īӡͣڡǸº͵ۺܶƯ½㡣
ǻ֪λʦʱԺΪиƯĺ½
ҲԺеһ£ΪÿʱСҶÿһӶǳº͡ĳ˵ҶӡҪīࡣ
ī̧ۣںͯĴӵ仺˺ôźȺֵĺͯŻ
񻨡
ֱȺӵĿҵĥŮЦǣ֣üᣬɫ˵ᡣ
ī轫еһҵϣԸΪһҲ˵Щջá
ҶؽӹֽպãҪĿҵʵмͷ۵ġ
ī֣ǹҵʱ򣬰ͬҹҿɺã
üЦᣬһ統ꡣ
統īٳʱ統ٻʱ統ѩʱ
ī轫ַġ
֪ǻҪǣ߹¡
۴鳤ãɽࡣ
л˵
[̯]Ŀǰ߾͵
ǺܾãҲûнʱܺ棬Ϊ繹˼ĵһ£Һϣͣڳϣʱ̣Ҳͣһöչʱ䡣
ȻȻҲûдǻŮԼ̳ˣһЩӿŸȽ壿Щû¶лĽֶпܵġ
ܸлĶߣķǳлⱾ˵ش
ڴ֮ǰʵд˺ܶͬˣԼԭĴ¶ĿʼΪĳһڴʱԼһʱûдһ飬еź
ǿ϶ģҺⱾҵ壬¶Ŀʼǩء
[̯]Ƕ˵Ҳһɫ˵ҵocҲҵŮע˺ܶ飬ǰ߹ʮʱ䣬ҲΪԼľ仯ı˺ܶݡ
ȻһǧĲĵĹ¡ˣҡ
ȻﻹǽҲдϣ֮ĹﻹϲĻҺڴյǵۡ
Ȼ[ͷ]ϣ֧ԤաΪ¹ɰ롷ԼСıŮӺˡѾԼǵ迨ķǳÿȤĿȥһ
Ƿ[]

ƼһС˵ررַwww.677txt.com
ÿ£ϲȥ