ȫҴĶ
ߣһ

İ
ӽֶ
ֶ̫̫
ԼھСѧ
ȫ
Խˣ
Ķһ
ԭŮ˫ְһһسҲ
Ůû˷ӣһסûд䡣
ŮְнŮ˫ȫһԱηη
ֶ٣̫Сס׸ȥ
ֶ̫̫ɹױ
꣺̫ˣ

ݱǩ ʱԵ Խʱ  ˬ
ؼ֣ǣֶ٣¶  ǣ  
һ仰飺ʽ
⣺ÿ˶Լ


1 
鶨ɵһͬͬա
յĸ۽ھȦĶŮרҵתŵֶ̧̫̫ͷʮźɫƤķ۾˸ǰûںͱˡ
֪ҾͲǱˡ
ֶ̫̫İһöֵԪԪδνĴ鶨ɵ¡
෴ڿ꡶ػطܶⱾļǲȤģ﷢Լʱ£㿪Ȿ顣
һ֣˼ʮ֮ʵǿȥˣû뵽Ҳܴ顣
˯ǰںլĴϣһµƤǽཬɫŻɫĲݣأӿݻСʯӡ
֪ˣǲҡ
ֶ̫̫һ˴ģһͬĻͬϹڱսСŮ
һڿϣûһ˵ıǻϲġ
ֶһȻǳΣѹԼĸ첲ܵԺˮŷתһȦ˴ƬҰͳʱеı
ˣһҴˣʳǱһƶϴ
СԽǰȴԽˣϻ׼˿ȴ˸˵
Ҫ˵ֻаְ裬ûˣҲûѺͬѧ
İĻļ䣬Լпܴʵһƽ
̫ԽԽߣ͸ڿϣڼϡ
ֶֶ̫̫㣬žղĽ
һȫȻİֶ̫̫˳һޱ˵ҲΪˣԱǼ꣬ݵһֱͱ˵ĶŮ䣬ȴϲ졣
ԲԲģһЦʱ۾ͻгһԳ£ǽûһ㹥ԡ
ԭǺܲģϧûбմмɹߣƤЩֲڰͷɿݣ־͸˵ˣǽڴִ󣬻ϼ롣
Ͼ֪ˣϺ϶дࡣ
ֶٲɹֵİڿϣԭļڹⱾˡ
Ǳʲô飿Ӧ˵ԭһʲôɫ
̫ɹû˯Ҳ񣬿衣
ô˵أֶ̫̫ܼıǱģŮصսֲ꣬ǰźϱһõ
ǣĶɡ
˵ֶ̫̫㲻òܽɫ֮Ĺϵˡ
Ůˣǹ࣬ڵĴɩĴĸ
һڴŮǵСӡ沺ֶŮŮһҵĶ顣
ֶپûⱾ飬顯Ҳʲôɫ
ԭļҲȷʵԭСƷѧţ֪ߣ㿼˴ѧҲԲμӹйԡ
Ūˣԭһû꣬Ͳò֪࣬뿪УǧС˰롣
ԭĴɩͺˣбҵûϸкרΪְӵܲμְԣΪĹˣɩڼ޽Ͷŵİࡣ
˫ְԭ˶ˡ
ԭǲò磬ԭǶŮԭǿԲģǧﱼҲһ֪࣬С˰飬ҲŮ
Ѿǰˣԭ֪࣬ûеλգҲسˣԭһѾʰĻƱˣҲǰͷ
ڹǴˣͥ˵Ϊҡ
ֻ˼ʮ£ͬͬյŮسǣûټȥֶ̫̫ԭ򣬡վŮĽǶȿʵ̫ˣҾûȥ
ҲǳŮֲŷⱾģվŮĽǶǱˬģŮӽǿǱǿѵѧˡ
֪ÿĶӵʱѩɽﰤûԺãӸ¾ûˮԭɷүү̣źӼȱӵʱˮ˼ҡ
һʱԭɷȥس˾ûмƻҲǲϲСֻǵĲ
òװسǣСû˴ӣǰСǹŵģɴȴǴɩģסǼ¡
ûйԭżҰ˴ļԭɷ㹤ɣˣһмëǮãüײһ
ԭܹЦԲԱǸƢܺôû˵һػҲһŭʮеˡ
ΨһŮҲ˲˵ǵͷĹƧС
ˣ鵹ùǮƶǰ鿲ѣҪȻôжءֶٺ⣬ֲ߱µĽɫǼȻˣ˭˭ȥֲϸִоĹˡ
սСȭͷԣǲǹˣҲǶ顣
ɷŮˣֶ̫̫Ȼ͸ˣĵľ飬ʱ򣬾С˵гǴƬĿհ׵űռ
˵׼ⱲӲǸ̫̫Ǹأֶ̫̫ɽţֶٽǽűˡ
ֶ̫̫ǽ¶ĺܿʹ˶ۡ
СʱˮСʱһڶǰտ˹ˮ
лԭһҰͷΪ׼ģڱǡ
緹ˮͷͷ׿ڰڶ죬緹ǸɿͷѾڿеƤˡ
ھһһСһڣڳ˿͵жװˡ
Ӳһڣﵽˣζǲ˵ⶼӰһڵʳ
ٵҰͷ棬ǰһݺõļ棬ܹһëǮˮڻѵġ
ʳΪ˱ģ¶ѾܶûгԹˣֶˣֻѧʱԹΣǴûԹ棬ڼҳʦУûӪʳƷ
ԭôóԡԵӯΪЩǡ
ֶҲЩ᲻ȥ̫ˣҲ̫ˣȻ䵽Ӳ𳵻ִװֻһϵ棬ؼԵر㡣
˵һڣ¶һֱֳţⲻһ˵Ҳǳ걻͵µıܡ
һһһڣֳһӵ档
ûס棬ڻͣվʱӴҶ
ٷһëǮôȥˣǲ࣬ĿǰһڵĴֻʮëȥһʮǮĴҲûˡ


2 
𳵵ִﾩǰҹ룬һʶ⳵ȴߴĿëǮ𲽼ŵ
һĴûˣ͵ңȫĴ
ܴ򳵣Ҳûйӻվ뿪ľ˶ǱҿУⲻֶ١Ŵݵǰ۽ھˮꡣ
⳵ֳͱ˶ˣ͵ſֻҪĿ壬⳵𲽼ۡ
Ҳ
һûУ뵽վֳʱòˣȵǵ³ϵǻδȫȥ̫Ѿ֣ˡ
СʱֻҪĿëǮֱҵġ
ֶ³ʱ򻹸˵һ·鷳ˣʵˣϵʽ´óһ㡣
ʵЦһ񣺡˵ЦˣĶʲôϵʽܣ̶һط
ʱģ⽲۾ܽʮӣҪԩͷǰλһ㲻۵ģһ׬Ǯ
ۻʵϵԩͷһҲͷһμ
ּڻȻףл³ɲʮԪ˲Ԫ
Ƿװļ¥ּԭסֵƽǰִɩǮԭƽû¥ԭȥӻһΡ
Ȼ䷿¥ߵƽҪСֻãůÿ¥䣬Ȼǹ䣬סƽǺüԺһֱӰſڵĹĲʮƽ䷿ָһĸҡ
ΪԵʣͲ¥ﾲĵģûʲô졣
ˣˡ
ָĸסԭָ˵ǰ׷ԭĿһΪһΪһ뵱ãҺͿֻ֮¹һȹĽŲڶõ˵ˡ
ͷӿǲСǻˣĸԱߵָԼҲϽϹӣŲЬȥš
ָһŴ۾ƿӣͿվСһҡ
úǽָɤ˵Դӽӵǵţ⼸Ͼû˯̤ʵεˣϽӶϽ㷹䶼ʰˣҪϢһȷ˽ǡ
ĸѺۿһ߰СŮﱧһ߶߶Ӷˣȥ˵ǰѺ£ڼҲϰһҲչ˵ǲ
Ȼ׼˸ǰֶٻǺ衣
¶ͲһˣΪһԱȻݼôԺİ˰о顣
裬Ķ
ȻǷңĸŮֱߵţʰˣڰסʱ䷿Ǹ׼ġ
ϱҪƽ¥ڰѼĻó룬ֻһҪ󣬾һҪһ䷿СӣΪ˻ϴ־ݡ
˶ܹ࣬ĸҳûһΪ䣬ڿһңÿһ䶼סһ䣬ϴһ䣬ϴҵסһ䣬ʣһСӵġ
Сûس֮ǰⷿһֱãǰյţ͸Ͻѷʰ˳
һ̣ǿǽŵģһ߰ڷһ¹񣬵ѾѷˣûдҲûӡ
˵ֶˣ¶ڼ޽֮ǰҲûסôСķ䣬Ҳһ׿ʵں˵ҹ᲻
׼ֱ䷿ʱ򣬻Ǹоѹ֣̫Сˣ̫ˡ
ֶٻܣסķûıտ־֢ҲܱƳ
ڣֶʲôû˵
ĹּϴϺϱ඼ˡ
ͦŶӣѾˣϱûеģڼƻ֮ǰҪģϣǸСӣȴûһŮ
һҿǻˣԴյǵţһ°Ҹϣţ˽˲Ʊ͵ǻˡ˵ţߴӶͳǵݸСֶŮǡ
ллĸӹǣĴеŮǡ
кܲһŮүӰʽʨͷŰɫ˯ȹΪеԵʣԵúܸ̬
ӰӾŮǣͨһˡ
涮ò⺢𣿡
ĺһֶŮְҲϱûеġ
ϱ޹ûнŵİ֪࣬߳ŰѹСӣѹСӣ˭û統֪ࡣ
СӵܺãӹİȥˣСֻڳ˰꣬ͰӵĶӳΪʦֵϵӵ˾˾ĸɱͨǿˡ
⻹꣬ϱСӺͽ¶һֱŽ飬ָ߿˾Ȼʦѧϴѧʱ˺ӣҵֶѧʦʲͣѧУ˷
ΪƻֻһŮ⣬СӺ͵ϱӱĽˡ
ĵһıǳȥλѵãŽŵİ࣬СҪ޳ȥˣ˾ˡ
û뵽ǣΪû˹һ˵ĹָܷӣɴһûС磬Сڱǰһ֤
С磬ԭòĽ¶Ҳȥˣȥȥɣӽܿϴѧֲǻز˳ǡ
꣬С硣
꣬СӺͽ¶ְ
ûпеϲѶ
߰ҲûпеϲѶ
ֵȣһֱڣ֪ʵСһҲŻسǡ
ôĸı䣬ȻǹģȻЩҲȫµģﻹǸеǸ
ûȥҺͰпֽСӦиֵͯꡣӲĽ¶ЦӯӯڣǻӸ꣬ͯꡣҲ˵ˣԢ֣úˣѧϰǱʫɡ
Ų˵ûأСѧҪȥϡ
¶Ůγѵģһͺܻ˵ġ
գ۾յ
ͷҹͿ͡
Ȫɬ
ҹ¡
ҹ
˾ʪ
һ£װסȹߵϥ
871ֵġСɲСѧ̲ĵݣȥ걸ս۳СѧʫʴʱģĿǰᱳĹʫһס
ֶٺͽ¶ͷƣĽ
ָһ߹ƣһЦĺϲ£죬ǼҪŮѧѽ
ĸ͵͵˲ᣬСӴǰǼһҪûϺʱ˵׼ҲǴѧˡ
ڳƵϵģô֣ôֿڵľӣλֶŮôСܱ
ֽûĶСֶŮǴҲĺͺġ
ŴһһƣϵıЩȻ
ʶϱӵʱСӺ͵ÿɲ˵ʲôֽ͸Ȥ࣬ѧ裬Ҳ裬ᵯ˵ӢÿμͥۻᣬСһҳڵʱ
ⱲСӺ͵ûһμһû䣬µ֪඼û˽̺ӱʫ
ôĶϺ͹Ҳ۾򿪷š
ϴֲԶ꣬ǺСѧһ꼶
϶ֲʶһҲ꣬¡
Сվһ𣬿ȥ̫һˡ
ֲԶС׳£ɫ㣬ϻһ˫ɫЬˡ
ֲʶϵ·ʽҲʱֻ֣ǾЩмҺɿ壬ȻǾ·
ֲͬ꣬ʶҪͷϵ·Ҳƫһ˵ģôѸСġ
Ų·ֶ٣뷨ᶨּ˶ָֻ࣬ϰ࣬ҾͲͬˣǶŮĸаϡ
¶ʱѾֳʮŮʽͯװʽиָʺСŮı෢ǰڴŮڻ˸磬ŮҲȺ̡


3 
ѵĲֹкסڶźԱߵļھӣ׷׳֡
Сڿˡ
ͺá
ѾͷˣϽ֪֪
ȥϽ˵һ
Ƿװļ¥¶ĸ׽ɽӲһֱڷװֿԱ
ּҰᵽû꣬Ѿס˶ʮˡ
ȵȵȣҺͰʹӹȥͷˡ¶æԭסǶ¥ⶰ¥ͷôľ룬ñȥŶ
㿴㣬¶˰ɣǰסô˼ҽѾͷ϶Ҫ˺ӻȥġЦеĵڡˡϼ
Ѿͷܽ㰮¡
˰ɣСİС㲻ʶǰûٵǼ¥棬Сڿ÷ȥ̽״һﶼǼ˵ġ
˵һǿӳģ÷ֳ˰ˣõԵ֡
һˡһƬȤ¶ϽŴкŰ˺ֱҡ
ּס¥סһ¥ȻǷװļ¥¥¥֮仹ģڵļ¥ֱ˽³Ϊɲ¥˼ⶰ¥סĶǸɲ
ɲ¥ͨ¥󣬿Һͨ¥һģÿÿȴ˶ĳ䡣
ǳĸɲ⣬ԮʱСȱڻըˣˣǹӢۣΪչ˽壬ڷ䷿ӵʱ˽жһ¥
ĸԺҽɷֲ̫õҽǰǴ˽ܼ޸˲о˽
һǰһ¥¶żſڵſڶòӡ
żҪţȴãԭʱһֱżԿףм䶪һΣȥؼ̽׵ʱ򣬽ָŮһѡ
Կ״ţ¶ȴһʹɫɷȽ
Թţ¶̩Ȼ֮ԭĸȴ൱ţ¶ڣҲλ˼ҵġ
ֻԭһӣҽͽĸ޸һ㣬ԭСʱͷַ˯ˣĸ̫ԸؼңҽԺֵ࣬˯ҽԺֵҲؼҡ
ԭСʱһֱǽչˣŮܺá
ֶǰ棬ûˣȺ֡
֣Һͽ¶кˡ
ˢĽ㶣ĭֱȥţҲûãֱӷǽ⡣
Ůˣ˺ãؼҾͺãС£¶¶ȥʳԭǸš
¶ûֶپȴڵǰһѽס
֣ҷ˵ʲô϶ĭأһλͲˣ󳤳þõ
ֶٰ˷䣬˿ûмӣֱӰڱݸˣŤͷƲ˵ĹȣͼеһһͨͨľײƶûС
ȸûˣ֪ãðѹ֫£ôӼȲҲˤôҰѺӽǵûרҵġֶСȰȰ˵һͨ
һַסϴֳأһڱŮĻ㱻ˮǺס
Ů˵Ļ𣬹ϵܵһϵŮ˵Ļ
ȱը˿ʮˣտʼǼ겻ܽܣҲˣֻǻáмȳۣľҲԸȥרҵĹȡ
Ҳ֪ԼˣʱƭƭԼҲǺõġ
ûֶٵ컹ڰȰ˵ͣҲûϺʱҪӦܰ֫ϾֻСûˣ֫ǱȽ׵ģӦˣ֪ǹûС
ҪộҲͲٰˡ
ʵǳǰôûСôӣ̫׵ˣŮۡ
ǰŻף˼֪࣬ûôˡ
үӳɶŮеļ֫ǺܸȤģʵĶ˵Ĺм֫
ڻ˵ģϼ֮֫󣬽ʵĶùҲ·ģٴ˫ЬܰѼ֫סڴ·϶ᱻ˷ֲԾ
Ķһ˲䶼Ǻˣɻʵ˵ô𣿡
ôûУ⻹˶Աż֫μܲء
뵽Ŀǰʮ⻹һ飬ֶֻҲҶϵ˵ģ˼ҲܿѨ磬Ȼ֪ϢǾͶ
ŬסŮǺģڻûУֵ̫⺢ӽ
ҪԸѰչˣͰѹȻˣϰʱܴӣ°Ҿûʲô¶ˡ
ֹûʲô¶ͷյģյ﷢š
ǰҽԺᣬ궼סԽԽʣٽɷۣҪ˶ûиĻ͸ˡ
ֶֻѺӽһӶ
Һͽ¶Ӹ˸󲻽аˣ꣬ͯꡣֶٽ꺢ӵֲŵǿ϶İ꽻չˣ˵Һͽ¶סء
ᡭס
ʱĵļڸո֫ʱļͰ͵ĵǾͰֲסһܸǴִӣ¶¶ǰҶأǼ䷿ҪСһ㣬ҰڳǣҲ˼һһ굥ס
ŮŮ˵ӵ¶Ӱȥסơ
ĸǰͰᵽȥסˣǸҲ֪ܲؼҾͲؼң׷һĿס
ŮһŹչͷӣǵŮŮĲİסһ϶Ҳ⡣
ûŮ¶סŮҲ׸ͷǲġ
νһļϣŮһҰסŮĻһġ
ڷСʳ֡ǿ飬ҲըӡըźСǰƿˮ
ĸŮһ߳ʳһﴫĶԻŶûأڿȻС
żûдң¶ȻҲڰᵽס
ǰŵͷ꣬ɷһסլլﲻйţ没
Խ¶ľ飬Ѵľ¹ϵͷ޹ϵҲӹϵϱϵ油ϵϱϵ
ǰ沣ɩŹ㣬Ǻ龫Ӣûһʡ͵ĵƣźһûıҲһѹǡ
Ȼֻһ沣ȴŮ¶Ů̬ȺʹǰһġԶ֮ûǲҪһ
ᵽסٲϱϵ油ϵҲֶүһϵ
ϣգŴĶĸ᲻÷£ÿԼڣҪһСιˮĳζȹȫúȵϡ
л˵
2023Ըͷˡ


4 
ʵ֤ҲǼ׵顣
ŮڲƹƬʱֶڳ֡
ϴˡСָˡ
ֶٿʳָϵĿᣬ治ֱţѾСˣֻ˼ҹõľȻһ鲻ĲƬû¹Ҳ֪ⲢרҵĹߡ
֣еʹɴҲСֶٲ̫ȷʵ
Ůϵˣǳǳģûһ̶ѿѪûⶼˡ
һôôŮŮֱ˵
ǽԺǲһֱ¶¶
ϴСߣаŴжûˣθ˵֣һǴû¹ģֵĻûɹ
Ȼƽǲ̫ˡ
ֶٻأֲ봩ģŽԺǼỊ̇ûԼŶ֡
Ͳÿжһʱæģźһûľ飬ĻɾͲǿһְ˼
鲻˵ԭĻﻥм䣬˵ҲŰ
Ĳ˵Ǿֻ˵ٵˡ
ʱ֪֪ǶǸзֹģõˮõļ񣬳պõҶĺͬ־־ȤͶ˴֮ϵܺá
ƨ
˵ĵطǷǣ𿴷֪㲻Ще֪ʮˣڲȴ߰˸СŻ
۹ۣʱŽҲŽᣬʱҲⲻ˶˭ũеʱȷʵеòأû鿴û׷ûֻ棬ȥسǶףľҪģ֪ǳеģŮ֪ﳳǳеġ
ˣ֪ľһҸ˾ְԱҽԱͨѶ硭
ô꣬ζصӣϲӵһУȻҲָ˾ְİŷʽ
Ǻܺ棬ŮŮ¶¶֪㸺ʲô
ֶſھҺ¶¶ֲˣóֵصġ
¥Ҳûֶ֣ôô
˵ͷȷʵֺôȻóֵصŮҲ껹
ûе˵ʲôҷϱߵĳһСƿƾȥȻԷʱҽ㡣
ƾֶۣæˣҲǽˣС̾Уһؼһ˰ù
׼ﵹ͵Ľͣס֣ͷŮֲ֪ô˵
ҽ٣ʲôԵҴٻ˳ȥ˹磬Ǻúóһ١
Եǿ̫ˣŨͳུĲƷֶʱľûʽסܰŵܿƵֻһˣ⣬ϲԺ⡣
ɣҵȻȥ⡣ֺǺǵĵ
ԴӰᵽҽԺȥסÿ·ƱȥˣƱ޶¿õģûһֱǰյŮţͰѽȥĴ󲿷Ʊջˣ֮ǰ˵ˣŮҪƱġ
Ʊ㣬Ҳ˺ü£ǰըӡźҲʣء
ϧƱȥǿˣҪ⣬ǵٸ˽Ʊǡ
⣬һֻŮϲԵĿѼŮӦϲģһǣٵˣĲһˡ
ֶҲֱ̧ȥּңպøϳԷ
ָѾԵĲˣĸڿ׷Сι϶࣬˸ռеһ룬ʱؼңܳԾ
Ͼ˳緹ʱ䣬ŮŮŮţ׼ҹٷ
ҪûԹﻹࡣĸ۷ϵ̲˶ԵĲˣٳ²ˡ
ˡ衣ƺڣֶپ⿪˷ӡһĸջʱڼҵĳĬǻģǱߵķֻһסǴȥ
ָ¿ӣȥȥ˼ס
ֶٵǣǱ߸ǰȥסĸЩǲڣҲסɿЩ
ⲻɲɿ졢¶һôס˼ңס˼ҵǶǡüͷ˵
Ȼûѻ˵꣬ӣڳ˶֪Ҫ˵ʲôס˼ҵŮǻŮҲ׳Ƶĵš
ⲻǺ𣬼ֲûķ䣬סļ˵㣬Ҳ˼סȥǲЦ𡣡ָһ
ĸȰǸջسǻ֪ҼһöϼҴڻسǵֻ̨Ϳ̣Ҳûӵ¶˶࣬طô󣬴Ҷ
ֶüⲻвķܲǱ߿ŷǼҼɳͷɡ
Ȱı߷ӶסĶСܣԿη
˲ͻһúõĴСӴźס˼ȥŮҲŮˡ
ּܹһŮֻۻΪ¶Щࡣ
ҲϲСӣӶ˽ԶŵҲá
ҪСһҲȥǰᵽ˼ȥסôǴ󷿣ռ˸ĸıˡ
ʵȴˣǽŵİ಻٣ǲûк͹ŷּңЩĹҲǷŵдһá
˵ӣּǰķڴԺĺԺھлǳۣȥǱǨֱӱ
ּҵĴԺͬסȷʵ̫ˣӲãֲĽû򣬶ֱʱûǨһ˼СҪж
û¥Ͳһˣס˵ٹʮܸ꣬ϲǨСֱӻӣжڵĴӣ۸еأôһ׷Ȣϱòˡ
׷֮ǰѾԼ׷һСӵģҲ˵ǨСҲƾ־ݷֵǮ
СҲûԿ෴ȥֲǨϷӣõǮǿ׵ġ
ЩְҲãﻻҲգ·ҹϵϱӵļǰͶʵģֲǿ˵ġ
Բڴռ¶СӾвޣҲƤᵽ˼ȥס
ԿηֶνϾϰˡ
Ϊ۳ּΨһܼӣûǰûٱۣʱֻڸ۳ǵĸȦ˻Ժ֪ȸӸ۳ӵڵء
ÿһű͵ĵƬŵϣһµۣ˿ģ³ϷģܻһпͿ廨ͷֻۣỨǮǮӽѧ
ֶٲŲᱻЩӰ쵽أЩڷ϶Ͷ̥ۼҲӰ쵽
Ͷ̥ʱֶٶûƤ¶Ǯ͸Ƥ¶ˡ
л˵


5 
ᵽ˼ס˿ŮĻǡҲ̫ˣŮȴŮ
Ҳ
һҶȥˣס˼ҵģ˼ҵģŮ
Կǻɴʵ׸ͷ
׸Ұɣ˳סɼˡ
ֶһͨӣԭʱ磬ûҲûױдŸ֪˫ĸҶǮֵǽҸĸأҲ׸
ָڴڽɨѣٹͷСӵķչȥ
ֶû˼ôͷͨͨѶҲҪǰͷˣ֪ҵ绰ҽԺ
վŰҲԸ񣬿Цװֶûܲð·ðı˰ָˡ
ֶҶ㣬ֻӣκĻռʵڲииҪָҪܿи
ڣָϺĸ˫˫סֶ˿ȥһһϻ˸С
뿪ǰ˻׸¶ôˣӻǶӡ
ָɨѣصԼϣôôûƤû
ֱţûƤûҪȥ׸Сӡ
˶ûӡСҲš
ĸڵʹޣԹǡ
СӱԲ֪ģû˹ͷУһݹָܷˣۻʱѾˣȫ׼ˣۻ۲ϣͷӵĹ˭Ҳûǰһ죬ۻż˸֤ŮֻСĶ硣
꣬Ⱳм꣬мкü꣬һȶСҲز˳ˡ
ŮףСֲ֪ܻ֪ܲʲôʱ
ͷӽÿϴϣľƫˣ䷿·ֻһСӣǼСûеķ䣬﹫ƽˡ
ʲôҲûԣĸȴѹ¡
ﲻζСܲӣ統֪࣬Ҳ⸱ɵģòܲ˵ȥҵŮ
Ϊ
㵽ﻤŶӵĹĸ˵𾪵ģΪϱǸ緢˹򱱣ꡣ
ڵ򱱣ٲȻһƹˤģ棬Ҳ¸ĸʧһԵĶӡ
ϱĽ˾ǵý¶Щͬ齪¶ˣ̯ɷ򣬳ܳ
ƹƬ󣬽¶оԼƤˮˣˮϴëøɾϧԭûлƷҲûУ۵Ĳ˪Ҳ
ϲĨôУƤ沿˥ϵģȻԭʮ꣬ҲҪúñ͡
ƹƬͿ۵Ĳ˪Ҳʮ˾ഺʢʱֻĨʪ˪ˮˮ۵ģ˶ʮ꣬Ʒ͵ýˣñ˻þԺܡ
ûйģƿ˵ҲС
¶潥ߵͷ糿̫Ҳһ㶼ˣʲôɹ߶ûУǲˡ
֣ʱ˳ƿ˪
УûбҪģֺǺǵӦ¡
ǿ̫ˣֻǴ򲻵򵽵ӦҲ
ûбˡ¶ص
ֻͨˣÿ¶ʮǮĹʣǮĸˣ˵൱
ҽǮѪǮ¶Ҳûİá
ԸǮҪǮ
¶ֽʳĸǮ˸顣
С̯
ɵ
·
үϱ߽
©Ŷ
á
ȵһ϶УûгգҲУ̻˺Ƥ
ɵûգϹҲУŮҲûѧ
·ǲһ·ʽ
үϱ߽вУ̫Σˡ
©ŶûҲûǮ
áУֶٿԡ
¾˶֪׬ǮְҵˣûٴϿһܸߵ⣬ҸǮСҲС
Ϲǲǰ浱¶ģǮӦҲԸɡ
**
ֶմ򿪼ţӭڱš
ӹǰˮ۾Ŀ
ֶٶľ飬һ㶼¶ҪŶӡ߸Ь㻨ǮڽôͿյġ
ʮˣһֱС
ֶڴʣǮ˵ʯˣһͨӶ
𣬱лú˵϶
¶ΣڳһļƣԼгĸǮݹȥ첻ֺ죬ûй̶㻨ǮûԼסլܲ˼ţܽĸǮ㿴ʲôġ
ȻûǰһһֱڿϣϷǱϣкŹźͿйнײĸףɴһ
ϰ뱲ӵֶٿűŤŤ֣ųȥ
С̯϶ɣ׬ĶǮҼ˭ûա
ڶɵҲԹ
Թ
Թ
Թ
һҲУҲ̫ˣɲˡ
ֶ̧ͷ˿۾ţµͷȥͷβһ飬ǲУУûС
ûǮĹ
а¶֪ô˳ǴȥС
ֶѾԴȥϣˣҪһ磬Ϊʵ̫ʵˡ
𳵴С˰һ·У;ôطŴ⿴úɽôС
ӵȺ¥ʻеھǣкϤеľС
һޱʵ磬ӴʵһģΧŮת
ֲǳŵ磬ΧһϷ
ˣֶٻŮԶЩñѦǹ⻷Ӱ쵽
ּҲã׸ҲգʱʵԶŮǵ˼
Ϲеġ¶קǡ
ֶģҿǿǡǮ϶Ҫģ⼸̫ʡ
ô¶ɤӣС˵Ǻ֤¸ʽ֮һɱССߣؼھС
ǣһҲȥãȥʰߡ
ֶٵӡУһ㶼ˣҲˡ
ȷʵȣֻжʮ꣬绪ïͣαȥ˼ȥ
ֶίıԼĿܣһСӣܲܺүүȥɡ
Ǽ¶͵ֻǸƣʵÿԼҲգûгɱҲ̺ɴֻľͷЩ漫п÷Ʒļ۸յŶϹ໮㡣
·紵ɹƤ¶ԼȥˣͬʱſäеĿ֡
㻮㡣ֶٵ˵ͷȳȥһгپҪҪɡ
ѵҪȥãȥã
ܵģֶϰȫ̱ϣҪ׬ǮĹͺˣóɰǮ׬ˣȻղ


6 
εԼڲμСԣԾȫһĿڷܱʼʱͻȻˡ
꣬Էˣ⹫˺öóԵġôˮˣǲεԶˣ
¶˺˿ֽŮ˲ˮǴӴӱСޡ
ѹ껹Щ£ֲʵξǰİ裬ŽǴˡ
ǸֻСޣȥμӿԡ
ΪСѧСѧҵѧѾͰ̰æ·͡
ˮ꣬ҲҪԼ
¡ˢϴͷϡ
¶Ůˣ̸첲СִԴͷ£һ𶼺ѣͷͷס˵Ѷȿ̫ˡ
ɣƯС
¶෢տǴԼŮģСͷϸҳѾˣʺϱ෢ϧЩɫƲ˵ܸɿݣֲ棬ԭһ
¶ǰռܶķֻڴòŮڵѾʺϼˣҪͷ̣ԽԽã⣬ٳͷͻһЩʳͷˡ
ͷʵֵ̫ˣˣͷƯˣͷֵֻ֣ǼıȽٰˡ
¶ǲͷģȦǰݹһĴԿ䷢ΪŮɫûͷͷǴͷףҲɴ˹ӫȦںڲýɫϾȦĲݼֵݼԣֵͲˡ
Խ¶ͷֻͷ̣Ҳ̲Ⱦڰͷ֮ǰȾ
ֻŮͷ
벻Сͷ֮ٳͷͻںŨˡ
꿴СޣһСͷ࣬һԴɫͷŻζ
ҪҲҪͷᶨ
ǺðɣһͷҲҪ̣Ǽһķ͡
һķͣϵͷС֪ģһжģöͬѧ賤Ư·Ҳķ͡
㶨
¶̲סŮĶͷϣһеĿɰŮһĺú塣
Ůһһĵһ緹Ϊʢ
С࣬˼˿ܿǣѼȥ˵ʱ˳ʮͷ
ֶæŶӰڲ;ߣڳͿ֮ػ߶ϣüչϣŮŮʱ򣬸ֱЦĺϲ£졣
ûУ⹫ļ
ǸСԵģȴһ룬ŮСŮҲһֱǸӣŮǱ˵㣬ǽЩ˵С˵Ȼİˡ
Ѿüûô˹ˣŮͲŮˣӣҲĺӣֻŮŮͷ
˵Ե㼦ŮֻĸȶС
һ뼦¶ֳķݣŵý᲻óԡ
ԭĽֻͷԼֻԼͷͼצԴ˵Ĳˣϸʳʡԭԭĸס
ӴԽڣһ϶ͷˮҲ档
ֶٱڷԼӴ׸Ϣһ˰ڣԵ̫ˣܵȵҶԵòˣſڡ
һȥʱѾ˵ˣ׸ֶٿɣЦܲܰסķӣǵŮˡ
¶һҪгˣ
ǰ沼ҵʱͻԼǶϱżңϹΪŮ޽ҡ
ںˣ档
¶ĵĵطֹڴˣֶپҵˣּҶһǼҺŮҾˣԽٳһԽá
ĿŮŮҶӣ׶ӡ
ԭǴŮӰģ귵ǵ֪ʵ̫ˣֵǱ߱ͰŲ˶ٹŶӵȹǹļʮϰٱȽֵ찲Źˡ
˼ҵˣû룬˶ԶŮȣȻŮףԼĹŮºӲͬ⣬ӵĹ
ڣŮһҲˣŮ׸ҪŮӴһһŮҪһˮƽ
˷֮࣬ҲΪķ䷸
׸ûʲôȻ˵Ƶᣬ˷ܵĶʼˣٿ⹫׶Ļ˵ˡ
ǼǼ˵Ĵ¡
ֶٴҲװֶ֣ൣ
ֶ׵ţ趯ҷոȥּң˵ɨѶˡ
˵ʱҲҪǴСˣҲΪĸϥΨһӡ


7 
飡
ֶٺϵƬٻͷڿˣΣֻˣСĴġ
ԲΪ˶롣
ȻʱƵ飬Ϊ˲ȥ˾ϰ࣬ŪĳΪ˲ȥףԼȾһͷëΪ˶ĵᣬֻˤ
ȻǰۣոǸġ
ϾǳԵĺȵסĶɵģɲԣ
¶ܹȥû¶ɣûҵŰɣ
ַֻȥĶһ飬Ҳˣ¶û˿ڣ˿
һˣû¾ͺá
Ȼƣ˵룬ô̶ֳܱȣû¶ͺãҲûлŮǹ룬ϾŮģƫԼŮŸŮɵġ
ҪɣʮСʱĻ𳵣ȥЪšŹߵС죬ô꣬ڹϴҲӵ¶
֣ȥŰɣոֻ⡣ֶٲϡ
鲻ܰһ˱ڿ죬ֶٻԭֶ٣үǸ֫ȫˣҲͶˣүˢҪһַֻסϴֳء
뻹ˢ
ǰ֣֡ˢҷȥôûˣͲҺúġ¶Ϲ˸͡Ķүߡ
Сڵĸ鿴ãͷˣô̫֪꣬޸鲻ʲôζˣŮŮ
ȻϷľ飬ͷҲǸϷͽദʱ¶ûаԼݳԭ
ԭϾǲͬˣסڽңʱʱ̰̿ԭҲûҪ
ԭ꣬ԭͽദʱָΪޣΪĸԸıҲġ
**
ڳʱеľдϣмʮģྶͥ
ֶǰξУһΣһȥʹ̽໹Ůʱţһǹˡ
ȻֶٹעĲĻˣ׼ȷ˵ǲͬĲͬĹ
ֳĸǣһŵĺͷϴһµκ
ƤöϴүϺӣûףҲûмӣʲô֡
òߵг˵ģѼ㵰ģ˵̯ӣɻƷֱӰڵϣﶼûС
гĽ֣һȺ˻վڵϣűѡŻ
磬һ㶼ʲôֶܵһݺƵϴǰѧ˵Ӷ¡
ҲǸջسǰɡݺƵϴȻǰȻûôˣһµöһ룬Ƿǵ֪࣬ԽԽѵˣҪб·ͱ
е·ˣ˵ʱˣʱɻҲ׵ǿ
ҲôأһҲ࣬ʵ˶٣˶٣ʱһҲȲһȵҲ˶٣Ϊлɣö½ۡ
źô㣬ڼǿ
ֶٵͷϵӣȷʵ˶١
ô๤ûй𣿡
ǡϴֻԷڿЦˣĶйģһܲһӣҪôӰ࣬Ҫô͵ѧȻ˭㡣
ֶٶڵϴһڼܹһľģһǷӣһˢǽĻɲ˵ġ
ãŶȥҲûˡ
ֶȥĹ԰ڹ԰ĳϣһԼļܡ
ҳӵĹλһܲһӣ˽СԸϰ忪Ŀǰֻ˽˰쳧
գֻˡռġ
ë򡭡רҵͨﻹĲ
Ρðû
Ӣ벻ճûġ
Сʱѧ衣
ë֡СʱֱģСѧһֱУóŪеġ
С١СʱģûӣպͽձرǼĿ
һԵĸֶõóֵļҲôˣЩǮס
һڲǼ򵥵Ĵ飬ǻص˹ȥصһ֪ʷС
ڵ̿ʼҲǿŵ׶Ρ
ֶû⣬ѧԨԴĿȾ֮¶ҲЩ⾭
ʳˣûֳԲ˿࣬װͶ¿϶ûǮƵùݷز͸˵ˣɱȷװ⻹Ҫ󣬿ҲԲ˿ࡣ
ʳסĴȫųˣ¸ոտţ˶฻ٲ˵Ҳ㲻渻Ľ׶ΣǮ˻ЩУЩǮڵ̻εǡ
ȫԽԵƸе׬Сѡ
ֶԽԽУӢȻ˵ĻպϣԾеĻżȴ˽⣬ҪΣҪ˽⾩еĻʷżСꡣ
˵ɾ͸ɣֶô˱Ӻͱʣѯʸ㣬ЩĹ¡ɫҲ¡
ֶûΣο֪ͣ׼ģ漰еľ꣬Ҫ׼ɾ̫ˣֲ֪εĻܸܲɳɣֻܾپдԵ
***
ңںŮĹ
ҵĹҲ֪𿴹ֿܲ⣬ֻۣǹʱʦҪ򱱶֣ܽ㡭ʲô뷨
ȻŮѾ˶ӣͷҪĻŮ
ԭһһسǺ󣬽ԭӰ࣬ԭܾˡ
ʱּҲδּңҲû׸ԭһӰ࣬϶ҪһֹʽУճʣµĲø֪ѡ
ҽͽĸϵãĸĹһֱԼţӲڽϡ
ڵǺͬ׸Ҷǽˣ˭öǻڽҡ
¶˺ԭһľӰ¶ѹλռţҺ֡򱱶ᣬģɣס
ԭļ俴ӦûжٴʲߣҼĿһֱǽһ˸𣬿϶ܲ¶Ǯˡ
ûҲֻйֵһףû˹ͷǲ̤ʵ
ҽĹȻ紵ܲţҲۣȴҪҹࡣ
ҹ̫һƤС
ӽİ࣬¶ĿǰЩ뷨
ֽгЩﾭֵķ¸ʺ
¶뱻̫ɹҲ밾ҹӴ̣Լʺ
Ϊһİߣ¶νѧʱѾ̫̫ˣǮУ͵С˵ŮƵƵҲԡ
д
л˵


8 
û磬ûֻûеӣ鶼ûÿ
ҹ˱ˡ
ֶٰҳıʼǣӢˮƽҪ˵ΣҪȽֽϵķӢģȻĬ
ܾ㣬ʷ£ճ漰Ƨʡֶ˵Ƨʡ
ûӢֵ䣬ҲûֻԣиѧŮ
ᡭʹŮ
ֶͷ룬¶ҲûţͬǦֽдд
дһƪģ˻ģ͵ںò˥ŵӦҲС
ȸ֣ҪİҪʧŷϡ
Ȼ󡭡ûȻˡ
¶дƻ˵һؿ
Ҫɣ㸺𷭣Ҹ𱳡
ҳֶֻֽҲҲᣬֶҪղסˣͰ͵ĿŮ
ԾԾˣã
ɻ
ֶ·Ҳֱڴϣ۾ûӣʹ˺ࡣ
ܿʣµĲַָ꣬˸ǰֵ﷨⡣
¶Ķ꣬ܲܰȡȰйŷ֣
漰֪ʶäˣֻĹȡ
裬ĴдС˵𣿡֪һرѵ飬ҿҪüдһ飬Ҫϵ޸ģҪϵͶ塣
¶˵ͷôС˵ʱܲµ߽·ҺܶڶûУıʲãҲӱơ
¶ûадżܸߵһ飬С˵꣬ƷҲ˵д鲢Ҫ໪Ĵ壬˼ɡ
ҪȸţΪAдݣǵˣٻҲдĹ顣
ҲС
¶ҲһֱǵϣһС˵ҪĲ־ǿͷǵһ ܲߵȤȫһˣÿͷһòд
˯ǰ̾˿
˵ҪӢĵİְ֣ȥһֱûѣдƪС˵裬һֻдĸ֡üĿ
ôôס
һÿ
**
ּҡ
ĸһĻҹϵڴϣлᵥ˵ͷ
СӦֻ˵˵׸׸ҿŻǣǶԹ
ϴĸС˵
ͷӣҲʮˣҪɣСİ࣬ǰ͸СӰģӾͲȥˡ˰࣬ͷԹûˣȰһڰסڼҲܺúЪЪ
ֲСӵҲֻйˡ
ָڳҲûĥСӵ¶γ֪Сǳ˿ġ
ֻǣѾǰˣǰܰѹóȥڲС
֪ԹǣҲԹѾ˹ҲǰһˮƽˡָԼƫģԶͲʶǿųģ⼸һֱϴӹ϶ҲǸϴϣϱҲһֱĲǿ˵һҲ˼Ǳ߶ס
ȴϱСϱǶŮӽ˵ԣԲ磬ȴ׷ȥ֪ࡣ
ΪлСϱԼӵĸ飬ԳģǶû˵еڶ
СѾԹˣƽӣջؼҵʱ趼ϽС
ĸˣָϴСһҵķȲϴһңһˮ˲ƽɴͲˡ
㡭Ͳ½ַڴǵļ𣿡ĸ⣬ѹСϴѵͲТ˳𣿡
СָѾúˣСȻŻسǣسǵʱˣⶼüˣҲ˺ü¡
Ҳʮ꣬ڼҿ˵ûйʣҲû˹ʣǮҪҪ¹ǸģǮҲĲԸ
ٵȵȰɣҲû˵⹤һ򱱣ͱˣڶᵽϽǱסˣ˵ϽЩսܸء
ʮ꣬ҲʮˣҪߣýİࡣ
ûߣλ޵ģ˸λһСһϴϱɻһء
ߵӿ϶ҪͷŮס
ھͲˣ¾ˣֻѹ˵
ԣϺ͹Ҳû˯ĵҲǶ¶
ֻһܵһãƢᣬСʱ򳣳ܣܵܵĸȴܺá
С׸ŮֻȢϱû͵˲Ż׸СܲˣҲǽ¶׷Сܣ׷ǧ֮⡣
С׸ΪӣǾĹˡ
ֻҺСӣķӦҺСƽ֣֪Ϊû׷˲ٹϵֻһ䷿ôСһ䷿Сܲƽ
ҪҲǷһ룬ֻҪǷһ룬߾סˣܲܺǷסһ䷿
ַܷǾͷǮˡ
ôģó׷һǮСܣּˣǮȥҲãȥҲУò׸ˣɩҲİ
˲֪֪ۻǣ׷ӽܱǨó׷һǮСܵһ䷿ֵģ˵ǷȷʵԶпǷҲֲһ¡
ؼòôǮ
׷һǧһ٣ûô
ȻʽˣӣֻĸһûС
֮ǰסǼɳԵĲҪǸѪѹٶٳⶼУֲǳԲ
֮ûԭڼÿ춼ҪЩˮԵ⣬ӣǳʱҪӪţ̲öһһҪ֤ġ
ڳԵķ濪ͨ˼Ҫ󣬴Ҳǡ
ûǰʮ·ʲôٴ·ͻ߳ˡ
ֲǲϰˣйǮȻҪ棬Ҫ棬ҲҪ档
ϱûʶһֱɢһҲϸģҲûܹӵѧϰӳûϢ
Ⱳȡ֮ǰĽѵϱôֶŮģôԼӣҪԺúȺгӪҪĸɸɾ棬ӽòҪϺõѧУ
ûȤȥ˵ϱӶֶŮĽȵøá
ЩҪǮģ·ҪǮ̸ʱֵķҪǮӵʦҲҪǮ
ǼжٴϹû٣еİɡ
л˵


9 
ֻһٶࡣ
٣
һٶﴦǻǮĵط˵ǰǻû˷ӡ͵ҲԸСǮֻܻܲ
ûܹǮ붼ŵģֵĹʼϱĹʮأȻԼЩ㻨ǮɻǻѴͷÿʮ롣
һ߰ٿ飬ǻһ룬һҲ塣
һٶ֣ϵԤϡ
ǾһһΣһһ٣ֱΪֹһٿңȥСܡ
ڼͷֻʣʮ飬ģٹµ׷ʵʱˡ
ø㡣ûԣһһ٣껹壬Ҳ㣬Ǯܲ׵ĸҪһЭдÿθǮǩ֣ðҲ֤ˣԺ׷Ӿͳ׹ˡ
ٹʮ꣬ٿǮҲ׷κһ䣬СûеǼ䡣
ٹʮ꣬˵ˣ򲻵ǸС䡣
ٿǮؼСǼ䷿ɷģܰźСһңԹ˵ǻġ
ЭͲˣһ˺αŪô֣ͰһȥСܣ˳ȰȰӽҰ϶˶ֲǩֵԼҲû
һٿǮʡһʡһ궼û⣬һͷӣܱס˼ǿ
Ҳȥ
漰ӺǮΪЩΪãϾСѾϱӲһˣϱصʦⱲӡֵһ˷Ĳ¡
µ̫ܵţӺָ㼱ҴҸϵҡ
׼ңأе¶ָɫӲȴܻ͡
û취ŵǽ˼ﻹŹ󿴳Ҳû˿ɼǽ
ԼҺס˼ҵġ˼ҵģ˸컹ڳҪ׸¶׼ǰվֱӡ
ϸǿ۳ͶٶۻˣڻûأҲ᲻úǡֺǺǵˣףһ԰ɡ
׼ңǳʱѾϷˣм¶Ҫ̸һɤӰɣ
һɤףҲܲµڼҵ⣬϶Ϊ׸¶
ʵϣڵּˣ׸ϾǼ飬ŮԼԸ⣬ּڿ϶Ը⡣
벻׸˵׻ŮԼ⣬û˼ҸӼ棬˲źãԽԽ綨
ŮڣˣŮҪǷڣҲѹ
Եţ򱱣ֺɩˣ˵¶
ָڵ򴽣ϽԶóȥˣѲɳСѾϽ˵Ҫ׸¶
ͷļŮŻסԡ
ûСӺסĶͷڸп¶ãûӣ˿ǽҶ˸ҪжɶԽ¶ȴǺ£ûֵܵĶŮСܳ裬ҲǳģⱲûϴѧҲҸס
׷ӿɻּҵķӶһһ䣬Ǩõ⳥ҲּҸࡣ
СһҵֻʱģȽˣһƬҪǨʱ򣬽Ķǽ¶ġ
ôһ룬඼Щ᲻ٿˣٿǮھк򵽷ӣסôţҲӣȥٿǮ㹻һ׶ַˡ
ĽɶǳλãǨ˵ȼ¥׷ࡣ
Žķۣ඼Щھˣ⼸ϻǮɲֹ٣ɷӣ㻹ǲɰѼļ׵ķȥ⿿ܹñȾ
Լ˸ոյͷȲ˵򷿲ף½ķҲģ򵽣ҲֻǲжٲѼҵ׶ܹˣͶʷӲͶʶӣǳõġ
ֶٴų㱳ģ۾ŹǷҳ
ţûˣҳȥѴСˣ̸Ŀռ䣬õ׸顣
ŸչϣָѹҴʵ㡭Ͻ˵˴׸ɣ
Ǵ㡣򱱾Ѿ׸ˣԶóˡ
˵Ҫ׶Ӵ
ֱָϣ֤ġ
ϰϱõĴгʮŴŽҲϡ
һŻʣЩǸҲ̣ԼǮȥ׷ӣʵҲ࿴׼߿ҲУ㵱ɼôãеӵġ
ŵĻȥãȥҲٳһĿࡣ
ڻǮȥⷿҲɣһ٣ҲֻһĿǮĴڷϻӻ
ҡ뿪ѧУˣˣôŰɡ
ŮǩԼһûеСӣ㲻ǮҲûҪ
ֱָˣǿˣ⼸СӵĥûˣһŻӵʲôϢ˵ݹûû졣
ϻȰֲ֪ôȰ־ôˣֵֻ֮Զ
ܵܵĹˣ׸¶ȰǾֻĺӡ
Ǵȵ¾ͰѲʶ͸࣬ͲʶͬһģҪҪһ໥֮ҲиӦ赽ʱҲͬʱӡ
겻ȥࡣ
¶߳ŵɫĸȹɵǡôͷ˻ƹƬԵʣƤ״̬ҪãԭǸƤһûгͣŻˬ
̧ͷͦأ޳̬󷽣ߵӲǰѼﵱ˺̺ߡ
űըʨͷĹЩ㱣ôⱲ´ĵ÷ϱӵĴѧûʣӦûʱȹɫ۵ĺܣͷȻЩң˵ĺÿϵı鲢࣬
һֱǰڽ̣Ѿѧ຺ܶˣҲѧ˼򵥵ļ㣬ȥ෴ǵӡĴĽ¶ϹԱ˵
ͦͦ°ͣ˹ĵ껹ôСǷʲô˵ôĺӾ͸øͬ˶ӴһζǲɵģҪϳԵÿó˽ӡ
˵ˣСҪȥģ²̫ʱꡣ
¶Сǳǳ֮ǰҲûʱֻ꣬ǺԼϲѧϲĶϲʫϲѧ⣬СʱһҲСʱסӣӦ˰
Ůͬʱһѹ
͹ĶӣҶСһｫҪƯͺˣһֱҪŮϧǰ̥ĶǳСӣְ棬ĽиŮңھӳ
ĵȣȸոɿˣЦŮãСҲӰѾܵܡ
˵ˣԭͽˡ


10 
ˣһ͹ˡ֪Լ˵ˣŮ˻̥Ӷ಻ףҲһĿࡣ
¶΢΢ͷһ̫˼ӣŴɩͱ˵Щˡ
˵ĺãٶ˵㡣
򱱺о飬ŵɩֲˣʲôʱôۣҿɲپһ顣
۳ûмƻֻһ̥ͷ̥ŮģȦļ
ǰЩûٱҲȷǺ⣬һӣ¹ŮּҲʱ򶼻һЩ
ۣҲҪ̥ŴҽԺȥһηʹ󣬾;ڲ¶ˡ
ȰҪ̥ˣõĻشʽ̫̫ʹͲˣʹ̫̫ǻ졣
򱱺ͽ¶õĻԭ׻ˣﲻϢɵĶʮһͣҲûпССġ
ƫصİڴ϶˼ǣ֣ɬǰ顣
ˣһʱ֪ôȰ
ȰСܱɵŮ˻ۣǶǱ뾭ģƽչչ˾ˣΪԭҪӣǸкҲˣǸССܲҪӣǲͳ˾
ҲȰСܱ˵ЩĻӸõȥ˵ʱҪЩ
ɺò׹ϵ˵㣬ԼһڣָŪˣֻܻڵļţװȻ
ôǻһˣʲôСûٹʮ꣬ڴ·Ͻǵ¶С
ֻǽ¶Ҳˣǰ͸׷׷£ǸẦߵģŴҵһһĺСӡ
Сϱһֱܡ壬ӹŰ壬Ϊ˰˵ʲôĻ
ȴ˸һ컬߯ء
಻ϲ컬ˣ־ɷʵ챿˵㣬˼ɷ򵹺ã޲ðͷӵ¡
軹ڼǻȥԷȻˣʱŶվ
򱱺ͽ¶͵ſڣ׼š
ˣͷС¶ȹӳ϶䡣
ⶼ·ˣ˭ȹӳƣֲʮСֻ֪¶ȡ
¶СЦǳǳҾͲˣɩ·
һת¶˿ˡ
ȹԭǰȹӣĲֺϸٴȻ״̬¿Կ΢΢͹СӣǳǳĺܰСס
ȥƽ֧š¶һٿ飬ֻСӺʱ
˵뿪Ϸ
˰ҵˣһٿǮظŲʱ졣
ҿ͵úĵһȥãǷ˼ңҲһˡ
ͻȻúίͽ¶ĵһȥˣ˵Ĳǳ滰滰ǡ
ͽ¶ϱӾϲ໥ȽϣϱӮ٣ովȻҲûռϷ硣
Ǹиͦ¶ӵиסһ¥Ǽס¥²Σ𣬱˻࣬һоͲˣԽ˵Խίᶼˡ
ӣڻŵ̥Ͼʹûࡣ
ôǣް֪ĻΪ۸ˣȥͲȥ˭ֲȥϽȰˣǷװĹˣƼ˿϶۸ϱ
ģô۸Լϱ
ҪӣҲ֪ͷޣæ˲ᣬͷǾί
ٿǮ¶˵ˣһٶСˣͱˣԺʡŵ㣬ڳͷԣÿ綼ȥǮʡвУ
ΪǮЦϣͷҾˣٿǮҲֵҿһ
֮ǰֻίˡ
ʱѾ֤ǻûаϯҪڣ
ϳ̤ʵܸɻʲô챿಻˵ϡͿˣͷһ¸ڵĹϡ
¸֮󣬳һıʲôҲᣬ⣬Ҳûգһ˸ɺũһĻ
֮Ҳû룬иõѡ
ԭԺǮʱǸô˼ԻŶı£ٹͷˣǱչ¯ھӣϱӸ߿ʱСӿĶá
⼸ְߵĹϵûҵˣϵСѧҲģСӺ沵ǰ̣ҲԲסӣԶԵסϡ
**
ּңǽСڲ֪Ůȥһܣ֮ս
峿Ĵʱ⣬ʺϱʱ
Ȼ뿪ѧУɢ˵ֶ٣⣬Ҳû˱ġ
ס£̲סϱһٿǮô
ð·Ҳףٸðɣ˯㴩ҪʣµǮֻں죿
һٿǮҲ֪
¶һ춯һߵûǮ򲻵·ģвƱұ·ȸ޺õĲ˪ɡ
Ư·ʲôʱܴʡ̬ٴֻÿ
ıȴԽԽá
ֶٲ˽⻤Ʒ˽ŶԻƷĽӣʱԼҪʲô
ǿ̫ˡ
뻻ˢҪݮζֻ࣬ϴ̣뻻˪Ҫ˫еԵӣҪûĹ顭ȴֻһٿǮ
ܲܰǷǮңԼ򡣡
Ŀˣƽÿ˶ʮ塣
ˢ˫ӾˣʣµĶñְȫˡ
һôûдء
СֱֶӴʮŴŽŵݹȥ㻨Ǯ
ӦŮٵһ㻨Ǯʮ顣
þͺã޲ģӦҲʮǮʣµǮʮŮʮɻʣ¶ŵġ
ϸǮպãĺǽǡ
Ǯ¶ָ裬С˵Ҳֻдĸ֣ûд٣ǵҲûûС
ְ֡꿴ڴ̨ϵıӣʵְ㱳˼䣿
ֶٿʼã˵Сѿܲһ⡣
̾ҪɣܴʣΡ
ֶҲŮŮڴʮ꣬ϱһֱƽˡ
ڻ̫Сˣû˻ĺӵΣǮǵ㳤˵ɡ
ϸǹˣְֿԴһ㸺ͻҸܣǸŮģúǮ
ֶٷĶŮһεҲǲԣ粽ĸţõŮİȫ⣬ŮӢˮƽͱһٸġ
춯Ľ¶۷űӵĳ룬Ҫ˰дС˵ͺˣľ飬ĶԻ鶼УֻûıʣĽӡ
л˵


11 
֣ŴкͰӻĽ
ǡֶٰȰȰȰһٿǮ˵һ飬ݰ࣬ȫһȥŻŮʮǮķݶҳԵʣʮǮҵġ
ǴһٿǮˣ
ֶٵͷ¶Ҳһ£ҲŶˣ궫ʣ»š
ǵÿ򵽶Ĳ˪ˣҪʮǮһƿģķݶҲͲʣʲôˡ
СźûһٿǮСõһëǮ㻨ǮǵģȲҪˡ
бҪһӺúˡ
ӲִܴţҪּص磬ҪǮ
Ϊ컹Ҫϰ࣬ڼѾһļˣܲܽ컹롣
ȳԷɣݰˡ
ϻҪú̸̸˫ְͥҲܻӻ˵С˭ҲûҵǮĵطأ˵ģ˵꣬СҲ˿ҪѧͣѧѡǱҪģӡʡ·ЬЩǮܱܲС룬ԼҺӴ·ɡ
ӹӪĽİ࣬͵Ѽ
ֶٳԵ㣬ֱӳԵš
¶ȴֻҳֱɼϵƽ֧ſܰˡ
ǵѧ¯ӣ̿ԲˣΪ˼ûˮ˲С
ֶˢˢʰо֣ӳʱһһСѾʰˡ
죬̫ճǺܶھȥٻ¥¶ͷϹһëڱǴһëֻ۾λû¶档
硭ֶһЦһȰȥϣ֪ĻΪƤأȥٻ¥ҲǺԶߣٱ̫ɹ㻹ǰëժ˰ɡ
ڣĲڣôһȥ˵Χۣ϶ò͵Ц
ΣҳëʱѾȰˣȰУȰҲУϾ˵ࡣ
Ȼ¶ᶨҡҡͷ
ߣҪٱ̫ɹҪëסˣϽȻͷԽԽߡ
ǵȲҪЧһЩĲ˪Ǿѡڽȥٻ¥ģ첻
õõãֶٲȰˣȰҲûãҲͷһγŰԼʵʵˣֻǰķɹñͷɹִȥëôЦ
ʱֶٻ˾䣺·ô˵
Ѳ˵Ϊ˷ɹ
ֶͷ˴죬ûһ̫ɡˣֵĶûУɼҶûзɹʶ
˵Ҹðˣ¼磬ԲŰôʵ¶ںĵ
ðˣ¼磬˭ţ
һڻûߵٻ¥ʱһԾѾϯ˷װԺ
˵Ͻ׷ǸѾͷջسǣͱˣ¹ʵʵ¶Ӵ
л˵


12 
Ϣ°ĽʱѾ
ѾͷŮĶ첻ˣ˶ҽԺȥˣȥɡ

ͷһӦǲţŮײеˣԼŮҲ˳ܵӣؼ˸ܺãӶˣᡣ
ˣ̫ܣҼҺӲˣ϶˱ԡҡҡͷ
ŮŮ˽ǲܵģο˲֪֪ԼŮ׸ģ׸ŮŮĵ
ǰ˶úõء
޷粻ˣô˶˵ָ˿ˣ㲻ŮģģŮģǾǱˡͷ֮ĵ
Ҳˣǰֻ˵ݰһĿȥٻ¥һӸ֧ȥˣӱǵȲˣʹǮȥˡ
ԽԽţΰɲôãĴҵ꣬Ǻͬ־ҲнӺСåҪҪҪǮģӺСå͵ǮֲǸɲ
Сڸò·ϱǮɣ
ۿŽֶڴ£ͷæȰȻؼƣ˵ֻСأһȣҼСӦҲˣﳵȥ
Ļĵȣֵ°ʱ򣬳ſȫߵˣҲõͷĶӣڳ˶ʮ꣬˸սСᣬĸ˲ʶ
ֱӳгС֣ëһΣһؼм¶
װ˴סһطëҲ⣬Ȼǲֵܷӵģ¥ķӻǵ곧ֵָġ
ץҡǮëĵ¶¶Ҳ˵ˣҲֲýôż
Ҫ˵򱱿治Ǹ֪࣬¶˵͸űʱѾкܶˣûôһߣ˭Ҳ֪ܻܲء
¶һƬǴţûΪ氮һ١
򱱺ͽ¶ǲ氮֪ɾͳŽ¶еľ򱱵еģͲ֣ܶ˼Ҷ֡
½ż·ϳٵʱǮëг÷ɿ죬ƽʱķӵĳһһӡ
ҸһȥǮëĽһˣһܰˣ˵Ҳ˶֡
ŮΪˣǺλȻЩŵһֱǻˡ
˶ëԼȥȻذɣ鷳ˡ
鷳
Ǯëгͣһߣվһ¥ʱŽҵĶһʲôԾģֱš
װ˻Լļ¥ﱻ˸۸ˡ
ţյģһæں¶¶꣬С֣
ԵűƿͼŮһ߳
֣ˡ¶̧¸շȥĤϵ
Ůϵȹӣ¶ĲӸ첲Сȶúõģûˡ
㰲ˣĨʲôСֺأ
ĤɽĤë׵ġ˵¶ﶼϲá
û뵽ԴӰٻ¥ĤȻװе󣬿ȥװե˵ĴӣɷˣȻĻɽࡣ
ĤǻĤԳãֻһƿȸһֻϴ̣һ˫ɫЬһֻˢ˫ӣôһѶʮֻʮ飬һ붼
ǮеļֵߣҲеĸ͡
ôһٿǮܻһ¡
¶̣ΪʮǮҲƿ˪ģڿס
Ϲȥι۹ʹˣ粻ؼҳԷ
Ļ˵һιʹҪһǮټ·˷ѵʱ䣬̫ˣֱͷС
׷ȥι۹ʹ϶ʲô¶ûϡ
ôһȥùңԼڼҼ򵥳ԵС
ֲ벻ˣǵųз
¶ڻصͷ̫ɹˣɹ
ɹ
԰ɹڣɹ˻ɹߣҲƤ˥ϣҽ峿ŶϹëһ·ϱ˵
ټСŮǳĸǹʵʵ
һŮϹëģ¶һѾı飬֪ôˡ
ǰŮţɹ϶ҪúýŮһ٣ϸȴġ
ŮΪʲôͻȻôɹôΪɹ̫࣬س֮ǰСһ
ȻŮ˼Ư·ƯͷСƤЬŮҲּϴϱһȥ̸ʱ˵ķͣκ˲
л˵


13 
ԺɹҲҪͷϹëǵöȣ°Ժȥ򶥲ññܴģ
ԥһûͷ˵ŮǼٵģֻҪŮҥҲͲˡ
¶ûڰţӦ˵û̫ʱš
һ棬Ĳϰûзɹʩȥɹ̫
һ棬ȷʵҪúñˣҪ׻
ԵҲҪʲôñǼ򻤷ƷԲŵȲ̫ţȻѡһϡ
֣ñͱˡñǮ򶥺ÿñ¶˵űߵ˱ˮݸ֣ʲôҸѧѧ£
ѧǼ٣ѧ¯档
Ҫˮٲ˵ģҲٲ弦ţš
ԥľͬˣŮŮѾˣѧˡ
¹ѵãŮֲţŻڼҲú˼롣
ѧ򵥵ʼ
ȵһͣһɰȺɰ嵽΢΢Щʱٵưˮˮ
¶濴ţú¯ӵǱղĵع򵥶ˣһúȼܾãʱʱ
嵰̫࣬Լԣֱˮ棬ðˮɡ
΢΢׵Сˣ֭ˮ΢ɰõ
ԭҪʵĽ¶Եͷ̧һ˳Եһ롣
Ҫ֪õɲϱְƴС룬Ǻһ롣
أԵľ͸ˣͷ̤ʵ˯ȴǰ㡣
߸ŮԵ㣬ȥ˹ʹĸŮԵø㡣
ԭǴɿģûһͺ͹ͨ
ǵĵĿš
ֶƾƤһֻڼ򵥽Ӣ˴ڨ
أֱӷʹ˵ԱĻһЩ˶弸λͻʺӵ˽⡣
ֶٵĽ̫ǿҲһС˵Ӣر𣬸Ůһʮλο͸ں档
ֶû̸۸һǲ֪ζۣǿǵοĵúܣʵۣǸСѡ
ȵ緹ʱ䣬ΪΣֶΪԼҲθէοƼԷĵص㡣
˵вȥȫ۵¾͸ûһľз֮һ߹·ܴǴᵱɫĳʳ
뵽̵ĿѼֶٿˮҪڳˡ
ȹŮֶ꣬˵˵ʳڶ࣬ǵھд˼죬һֻһԣȥȫ۵֮ǰȥƴҶӣҵĽţ⣬ڵ¿һϣٵ·Եڵľԡ
ǲ֪ȫ۵ʱŶӵֿνӡ̣Ʈ˵Ҫǵʱ̫٣϶Ҫ˵Ǽҵ궼˱顣
Ҳ١
򱱱Ů·Ϊ·Զ⳵οԪˡ
˺ڼʱѾŮ˿Ѽţ⡢ӡ¿㶹ơ⣬÷֭
Ա֮󣬻ӰϧʳĴͳ£ʣµĶ˰ҼвõĶǹ꣬ʣµʳﲢࡣ
ӼԺʹֻҪǮʹƱëǮΪͯȲƱҲƱ
ҹʹƱȫƱȥԶٷȥܽԭƱҪ
Ҳ˵ĿǰΪֹǸŮܹëǮЩοǲСѣһ緹װһĳʳҲ׬ġ
ֶٺò״޶ëĻᣬôֻ׬һ緹ȻҲҪ
˽⾩У˽еο͡
ԴסοϣᵽĿ϶ǵɫһʷǾ͸ˡ
ֶٺοȥɽװۣΪ嶨ƣʮõ󲿷οͶҪھдʮˡ
ξͱȥȫ۵³ԿѼ϶˳̻ϳΡǡ±˲ϲûϵ͵ˣһ˷ѡ
ලʹùֶ٣ôʳﱻ˷ѡ
ǰǾˣҲһֱżص磬һ̵ֱǲ˷ѣǲ˷ʳЩǾܻӭʳȥԸھӷųԡֶ˵
Ҳֻܷųˣ̫ԼôԵ꣬Ȼûб䣬ֲòиʣ
ָھӣܺù
ʵ룬˵ԼүǾ˵ʱϺﶼ˽
ɯ̲ס˴С޵
֣̫ˣһֿɰСʹȻҲܺá
ȥܶңһһСŮκͷ롣
˵ĶԣƬغ˶ģﻹһƬδг
ȻӢĲã˻Щ̰ģ鿪ʣǵˣ˽ϤǸøףһŮĵĸףʲôˡ
ɯѾΪھеˣҪú˽


14 
ֶٺźһϻؼҵĹ
οǻٶСѣ簬ɯ־ǶʮԪҲûеһԪģܼܹǰʮԪ
ֶٶҺԪĻʻͣڴǰһԪԶһ߿˿ǮңʮԪһҾ١
յµۣŮϰ׷Ǯһ룬һ٣˵׷ֵֻһǧҲᳬ̫ࡣ
һ٣򵽷ˣܻķӡ
귿ӣһֻһĵΣ˵еĺԺˣüһףǳڶڵ󿿷϶ɡ̵ֶĸŮ
ȴǲͬ⣺вֻǻӢģôĴѧȱӢĵĴѧǵóû˷̻Ŵѧûѧץ׬Ǯ
һֻһİɲУӦó׬Ǯʱ򣬰ʱ䶼
ĺԺڿ϶ҲˣǮһףǵøϺü£õ¡ĵ
һ°ֶ˵ˣǰٿԵЩˣ齫һڣ༸׬δһڣһ൱
ǰҵ游ǱΪҵŵĸףҲû׬һڵ⡣
ŬŬ
һĺԺƽ
ֱӻؼҵֶ٣ȥУȰԪң֪ܵԪ֮Ļʣ׼쵽׬˶١
ǰԪϡ
һԪԶһ1.25ԪңܹǰʮԪȫһ107.5ԪйԱ΢Ц
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Ҳ˽ʱĻʣͬ۵ֱ飬ලϰֲݰ࣬ȥĲ÷ҲҪ̸̸⣬ΰҪɵġ
ֶҲ취ٵʧôƷأοͳδҪƷģΪΣøƷ̸ֳɡ
׬ǮŮȴü۵߻ؼҡ
ѯʵºЩôˣûﻹŷأȥһȡ
ֶ̾˿˰֣Һ궼ԹˣǴ˷ùеģһҲࡣ
⺢ӣһˣѲһǡ
ŮϵĲȻֹһһֽ
ţ⡢Ѽռ±󡢳Ρӡ㶹ơ¿
öǮ
һٻʣ𣿡ƽľʵѾץס˹չ
ʣأԤʮ黹ûһ˲ʮ飬Ҳʮ顣ֶٻûԣ²ĸƼʳҵĽţζֱˣ±ҲԲǱҲûҾЩֽڶ˳⻹ʣụ̈ģҲûԣ㶹ƣر𡣡
ЩģʮǮӦôɣ
ţ͵顣
¶ҲζԳһ죬С˵ɹĸֱ˰˸֡üĿ
һţܴݲеЩдС˵¶治˸ɵģĶĥˡ
ҽȥʹιۣ˳һӢû뵽һȺοͣزģԷĵطҲҾͰ·룬Ǿǳ˷ЩǴʣǸɾġ
ֶ˵ţִӶͳлҡ
˼˶иСѣҪУΪ˸лǵİοӲһЩԪҺʱõлңܹһٶһ㡣
ֶ̾Ҳ̾һӿء
ŴŽøɡ
Ļʳѣš
һŴŽš
㻨Ǯ
ŴŽŮ
εı꣬˵һһ롣
ֶٿʣµĶʮ߿壬оһԽԽԶˡ
л˵


15 
һŴŽ¶̾Ϣġ
ʵǿˡ
ûĵСףؼҸһ£ֱӰԪȥлҡ
ʲôȯҲѽ
ȯȥʲôУȥŲ
һëӦԪһ͵ʱ򣬵ܵ궼ۡ
֮ǰһһ껹ǰ˶꣬һԪڹٷԶһңõнף۸ܷһǵ߻г˾ʮԪҵĻʡ
˭֪Ȼķ֪һ죬϶ķҷʽȫϸоһ顣
һ϶ǿˣ˲١
¶̾յʮʳѵĽҲ̾ӵӣһٿǮ˵־ͷˡ
ѧĺãС׬Ǯ뷨û뵽ģҲΪǸе
׬ǮľѾȵһ룬׬ǮУûǮӡ
ֻһŴŽᣬŶˡŮ
˻һӻӣƽĶŮжٻ٣ŮǮǿպϣɼܲסţԼøŻҲǻˡ
ŮŮŮӵġ
ȻԼӣǮֲ׬ģǮС浽Ǯʱδغ˼ڣͲһˡ
СִôԵģʮǮĻʳѾ͹ҲҴȻ׬Ǹ·ǮǾ̤̤ʵʵһǮ˼Ҹʵڻ˵ǮҲ˷ѣԶ˼٣¶Ķóϡ
Ϊ˵Եģ˼ҵǮ
ֶͷҲûĲϣҲû٣ǲġ
ǮʱҲں㶫ԲʣµĻҪӽͰֲԼȥԣЩ˵ûӰ졣
ԼĵǰĻˣ˭ޣֻ˹ޣǸסõıݣõͣę́ƣһʮ˫ƤЬɾĻǮС£Űѻ޺áĲϣʦǴ֮î˾о»ٳʲôԼܽͲ˱лǮˡ
ֶĵⲻǱ
˵ɸ϶ǲͬġ
Һ궼ԹˣⲻŸǴЩóԵĻ𡣡ֶСֻһΣ²Ϊ
ЩԵģСѻٶЩ
֪Ǻģһȥ衣΢ЩɣǶȥ˱˵룬κ˶˵
ף˵¶ˡֶٴӦ䣬ֻǷһǲе̫ˡ
ŮһڣҲ֪ǰôģŮ˵СⱲҲû˵ڶŮŮɢֶɣеû۶һ㶼ӺüģѲɷ;ô۶˶û
´Ҳۺ죬ʲôĻ˶У߱˹úþ;ٱģŽǮͼǺ޵ģҪծǺ޵ģټֱ͵ġ
ϻ˵Ʋ¶ǳںúܵǮɵĹҲ쵽ѧˣôõĶӣһúúѧҡ
ѧҡһֱһڡ
ֶ۾ԲˣǰŮĽһֱ踺𣬴ʲôȤൽʲôСѧĸҽ̵ѧڹܣһֱ־ڰ£ºͿѧ֮к蹵ġ
¶΢΢ſڣҪ̫ߴϣҲ̫Զ̫ԶȻǸѧԣţֻǼ̳ŵھ
ķӦСģСд棬ûеſڱʾ𾪣Ҳûеͷʾͬ⡣
ûýҪʲôǰүүϣСһڼŶһ棬ϣϵµóϣȺ̶ϣܳΪڶүү
ǵĻһͺãԼ˵ʱܶûʵ֡
Ȼص㻹ǮϣÿʮǮĻʳѣ·ЬЩӰ˵ĶһʮҲͶˣʣµǮӦһ´һУµ׵ʱһ۸ҿ
Խ˵һ³ȥʳʮ飬Ѿ㹻ˣһµĹʶûʮ顣
ŽֵһڵĺԺֶûԡ
ǵԪ֮ʣ¶ҲûڻǮֵ̫ˣҪǮҲҪŵУֱӰԪżͿˣõϻңʱʮļǮ
͸ᷴˡ
ͬʱָҲһʮĻʮһڵĻʳѡ
ǽȥСǮ֪⼸ȻٿǮû
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16 
ָŴϱͷľǰ˼ʨӹһÿô
һֻܻʮʣµĶǼˣһ˳ʮ飬ʣµĶšԶͲʶˣϴϱֻһΪ˺ҲǮû׬پͻٵĵ
ָ⼸Ĺʣڵ㻨ǮʣµĶϱֻϽʮǮĻʳѣϱܼҡ
ΪûڣƻʳǴһԵģ⼸ҲûڵЬ·Թˡ
ʱ򣬹ԼϱԭûйϣǮԲڼ˵Ӳ
ʼòô¶ϱΪûй벻ȫΪûйΪǼ޽ģ޽ּңּҳ沽¶˶֡
ֵİֵģڣǮһһ𻨵ģ˹һ˵Ĵˡ
¶ϵʱɷŶƽ¶һи׵ңʱ϶źӻңĸԼί
ֻһԺ޲ŮӵĸĸҲļңżֲչˡ
һǮִûңҰɣ˵Ǽ칤ʵÿϽʮǮѣţʣµĶţҲøңǷֿܰɡĬò˵
Ǯŵһ˵ˣϱԸһ˴ǸƵСȥⱲйϵֺˣŰԭԺķûɽǨ¥׷ɲҪһԼķӡ
Ǻ͹ųܣǺϹܣʱˤŶ
ָЩ꣬Сϱû˵Ҫ
Ҳû˵ʲô˵ʲôҲΪǺáָӲ˵
СҲˣûôܹɴϱЩڼռ˱˵ģӵİ಻˵ӶӸģϴҲӵģĹʲҲϴһˡ
֣ûй˼ֻǻϻ˵ˡޱȺڣ֪ǮʱͲүӽˣϱ˵ǰɣ
ϼüŪ۵ĸԼϱʹɫͷϵĹȴǲܲˡ
˭˭ҪǸܸİɡ
˵ֱӰѼʣµĶʮǮţδʮţʮ֮ٳҵʮǮ
˭סּûʲôãɷ飬ҲÿǷСӣСһҲڱԹɷְ˼ǮĹʣǳƢ϶ͷһ¸ڵġ
״⾫Լ׬Ǯ
ϱû׬Ǯһӵļͥ˻þˣʶҲ͸Ŷˡ
ʮƷмɸģүҵĸ࣬ҶĶһ׷Ǯ
ʲôˣ˼Ʒûʱ䵱үҶ𣬰ϰûʱ䣬Ͽ԰̯
ֶĲɣŵʱֵּεʱ
ˤŶңͷָĸĨᡣ
ҡͳԵġֶͽȥ߰˸ֽ绳ֱתˣһ·С¥ݣĻᡣ
ֽˣԭ֪ôȰ׺ӵϣװոյûзθ㰡СܸĺóԵģаְԵ±ͳΣ谮Ե¿ϱ㰮ԵĽţأԶͲʶԵĴҲС
ָ۾СӴֽסؿڣôණܻܰ
ĸûüСӴ棬㶵ĶʮǮˣƼЩԵĺ󣬶ĶʮǮֲôˡ
СһٿǮ϶ܿͻûˣҲ֪⺢ôģһôֻͼʹ죬ᵽ׼׸ǮЩʳ
ӻںͷأҪܴÿµʡǮӼСӣҲǵһġ
ΪﳳֲܺܰԶֲʶѾŽţڿˡ
СһһǺãǶٶٶˡ
ԵĹЦһܼܲסǮô˵СӰܼңɼֵĺչ˵Ļǲһ
νӢͬǴԽߺͬ
һһҹֻ˸֮󣬽¶ڴдС˵ͷ
ûгıʣûϿɲ飬ֵ䶼ûУѾִ˵ͨˣ档
дѶ̫󣬰ֲţǾֻܿǰҹ̯ˡ
ձռһʱ仯ֶ٣һʧǮһߺʵʲô
ԵĿ϶У³Ų³ɵҲһҹ̯ӣŮǸų̂ߵĶͯ
ҡûãҪӣ¶Ҳ֪Լ̯ûգûգҲûз첹գ·󳦷Ȧû
ϱȦ˺һֱûʱҲΣҲǮڲͬ
ԽǴһмȶŮⳡԽһ˶ԸȻһֱѡеʹУǸòһǴֶ̫̫ˡ
ǰһԵٶҪǮģȻǰǲӰҪ
ֶûڹ̯Ҳ֪ӲǺøɵģŲܵȥڱؽڱֻ׬ǮûбǮҲû߿̯꣬Ǻġ
ҾӦ÷Լơ
ʲôƣúÿȥģأȥϷ
¶ûЩû·ҲûйӲݼǰݵĶŰĶŮ䣬ԭϲɰҪôŮҪôŮѾͷûӾ
ҪǣԱδʮڵԱ϶Ǻġ
ũϷҪũһҲҪũԼŪڣϷжܾͲ˵ˣиӣϷﴩۣУ԰Ϸ
ǿò
ǮƵʱֶٲϷڲͬϷĵǸ۳ǣҪȥ۳ǳϷûŲ۸
һʲôƣ¶ʵҲǰˣȻӲûйԣҲû˳ɱ˵ʱ
ֶ˵ǿɶˣررˣرỨǮرЦرᴩ´磬Щƶܷڰ̯ϡ
ܻգܶյƣͼҲĵָ軹رữױ԰ŮƯ˧ҾһӰʦȥʹաֵ
ǰеƬĵƬÿġ
գֶٶİȥʹĻǻ׼Щӹ·ͷΣױһǮ·һǮһǮ
ȷܻջױ¶һŮ߷۵գСǿˡ
˾Ȼ˵ò֮ƣٶһ䣬Ҫֶүַ˯
ջױԣĵ߲Խ
᲻ɹҪܷ紵ɹܵĻǻ˰ɡ
⣬ֶپܽʹĳǽܸߣǲ̶һط̯ߣŪСһ񵲷磬ṩװҪ¼ġ꣬Ͳ̯·̫ɹǾ飬̫档
Ҳų⣺񲻺ðᣬҪͺˣСԽֵͳһ㣬Ҳ硣
ֶٻĥ̨ҪǮû뵽ŮѾˡ
Ҫ򳵵ǮͲɹˣֱӰ򳵵ǮĺԺһڵˣʲô̯ӡ
л˵


17 
¶ҵɱĸߣ㲻򳵣ҲģױƷˣװͷҲˡ
Ҳû⼸ͳȥͷ¶棬Ҫ٤ýͷҲûü
Լá
һߣĸҵҲãҶǲҪٱǮҲޱȻһٶ˽ǮʱóģϾǵȫ˵ѼġҵסţҶֻܵȵ﷢ʲܿš
ֶһͷ˸ǮҵźŮȥ̸ȥĲ÷̣Ժÿһ⣬ðٷ֮ɡ
˲÷̣Ьꡢ̡ܾͨͨ
Ҳûϵ޶׬޶Ҳ
ֶĺܣĺԺľ޶λΰǾԲᳯ壬һŰ¶Ъġ
Ůӹӭյߡ
ֶż·̵ġ
һֶۡ
ʮ죬ۣĸۣⱲӵĻ˵ˡ
һڵĴܲǰŮһֱʹŲڡ
ֶٻȥİ£ԼԼܼȻԼŮꡣ
һСôʢľأ͸үүһ
ֶġүүָ̡ĸǰ׵裬Զʢҵңûĸ˵۵ʱ
֣βڲϿƵĺˡ
裬¹ʮСʱ˯ļ¼
һԵĸһƽ㡣
Ȳװ裬ҲȲԼŮ
ı˿ƣӡ
εĴʱ򣬶ֱߣۣͱҵ౻ĿʱȥҲû
ÿҪߵ·Ҳʲô
ǰֻ֪඼Ըȥϣֱֲ֪е飬־Ҳܱ
Ҿʢǰְ㡭ҪŬˡ
ֶ֪ԼŮжŬŮճ̱ŵŮĽʱ֪
㣬ΪܸɣܸɣŮ
ֶԼ滮ǣϱӿϣ±ӿС
Էν¾ӢһСھȵԸͯ716һġ
־֪ƣ룬־ǿرܿ¶衣
ֶжľǰ裬Ҳûȱ㣬Ϣȱ㡣
ʵ͵߹ЧʣѾڴǰˣ㣬СѧѧǰͯѾ׬ˡһܣǰһΣûҪÿ·յȥֶ̡ѵýŮһΡ
ǵȷѾڴǰͷˣȻԽصǵͱȴǰˣ֪δʮʱչֱϷһ
ǰ·Ҫߵ̫ɵߡ
̣ûг̣Ͼŵͻؼң·ֳֺ棬ⲻǳ̡Ӧ׼ʱʮεǰҲôİɣ
һнǮƣһòƣ߱ȴ˶ҪǰԶƽˡ
ֶٴ󷽷ĳϣǰŬҲԹúܺãΪʲôҪŬ
е겻֪ô־ģƽ˭ȥŬƽһ
ĲְֱһؼҰɣϢϢְŬŬ
˼ֶهһŮ
ʢүү̣ʹ衣
СЦͣС޻ͦá
°Ľոѩ׼Źǡ
ְ֣ˣ㳴Ĳˡ
裬յʱܲܺȵ㰾
⹫ְ̰ܲܽ̽裬Ƕرѧ
ֶ٣ܺӣ
¶ֻĲˣ̣ûУûá
ֺǺǵӦ£װѵӵݹȥ곢ѺòóԡСæһˣЪ¶¶ҽϲԵܿ⡣
Ůһһ£Ҳ쵽ͷˣŮᣬҲ׹Ůɻˣ⺢ʵˡ
££ֻżһͷȻҲû߳š
һʱ򶼴ûɨأҲûˢ룬Ӷû
ϵʱѲǰãǶٲؼҳԣŮԼųԣѾⶼϣֱӰˮٷϼˡ
Լ緹⣬һ춼š
׵ôһŮ˶ϻ
ÿС׸ˣŮסڹżң׼ʲôӦ
ֶƨɸ£ͽյŵźš
ֶٻӲ̧ţεĿڣ֣ѧѧС
ϱǷģⱲծˡ
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18 
Ъţý¶ɴ
СˣֱһУɼĶ
ϻһֻèˡ
ʵϣĻǽֶٳ˵һ쵱޶˲ٳʳ֮ҲôˣӳԵģҲֻССһݡ
ΪͷһЩʳһȥּңһǳ졣
ʱ̸Сһ˷ʳһ˼˲
¶ˣһλظпã·ʦ鱳С
ҡȥȥ¶۾Զͽϡ
ܵ䣬ë裺ϡ
ֶܵѣӶ﷭ɫ׵ݹȥҲס
¶ľǳ䣬ٰ֣סӣ¶ľֻ۾ˡ
¶һĥīƽ⾵ûиӾУһڽ̵Ŀ߽
ͳȥ
ȰժϴˡԼСһд׵ģСڶס
¶еһ󲽣ڶһȥ̵Ȱٻ¥ļ۸񼸺߳
û취ûƱȴȱһƱֻ߼۵
һǧ߰ٿ飬һҵļ۸񣬾ͻһ̨زôĺڰ
һ̵꽪¶֪Լжˣֻڰ׵ģ᲻򣬿ں졢üʡ۵ֻһݣñֻһģһСġ
¶ǻϲ˵ĻصңѾ˷Ů
ˣ
ŮͷñӣŮĹҵĲ
ڵ˸ǰһǻǮر󣬻֪ܲܿ׬Ǯأ͸һǮ
ֶһŵı飬ˣǮǹֻʣ˶١
д꣬СС˿ˡ
֪жమҲðְֳˣû뵽Ϊ⹫ѧĿʼ
ýϰļƻԺһȥϰ࡯Ϊ˲̫ɹͲٳˣǳûʱ
ˡ¶ӲͳôСȻֵһ׷
ں졢üʡˡñ֮󣬶Ǯ׼ȷ˵ϹŮ׬ǮѾĲˡ
úãǧˤˣ˫ţŮƤȥԸҲŻȥ
¶æϣĺˣˤģ׬Ǯļһ
׬ǮүΣ֮ǰϹ˸˫գǱȴǰĹչҪɺֻܶ࣬ҲûαȣεĻ̨ײ㣬ʱǱȽɵġ
ٻ״ķӣаסĵطүӾͲѧˡ
ϹĺԺʡ߶
ԼҲĺԺͷĺԺ򵽾׬ġ
Ҳָ֪ܲߺԶǰϲˡ
û׬Ǯ¶ѾڿôǮˡ
л˵


19 
ĸϰԵվڴ¥ûƼ˻׼ң׼ŵ׼ҺСһҡ
СӴŰ׳£ϱһɫñӣСŮ˶ɫñӣ˶Χ׼˵˵ЦЦһһ
ɲһ
׸Ůˡ
ⱲӶûһԼĶӻᡮޡȥҲ֪ô׼ҺͶϱʱ˵ȥˣ˶ܿ׼ңʱʱվڴ⿴ӺŮ飬׼ÿϳȥˣСϱôţһҲûƼ
ĸڴ̾˿ϴζϱ˶ʮǮѣƽʮһһǮأΪʡ¼Ǯ͵͵Сӣ²Źȥʮ죬ֻʣһëˡ
ÿҪţ̡Լÿܳһ㣬ʮ컹ҪһϺƣƽıɺǹҲҪǮ
ĸ᲻ÿӵ죬ûʡʲôǮ
СҲܲܣ˵׸˽ңСŮȥ׬ǮСϱأŶָ׼һ˵ĹʿɲС
ĸûǮҲʡǮָǮָĹʿɱ׼ҪߣȥÿϽʮǮѣָжʮǮĹء
ĸĥҲҪ뱲ӵϷˣӦԸÿ¸Ǯ㻨
ڵĴԣڣȥһ϶û˯ţ¶˾ġ
ֻ˰µĲҶҽϳ̯׬ʮ顣
һ¾Ƕʮ飬Ҳ̯ܳٻҪ
Щĳʳһ˵һ¾нٿ
֪ڵ̯׬Ǯ˾ǿڵ̯ҵģ֪Ȼô׬Ǯ
һһ٣һǧ飬ܶ׷Լķӡ
ڷװһµĹʶʮ飬Ч滹ԽԽͣϱӵķװȻûһգҲ˺üˣ˽˳Ҹ̲ˡ
ȻԼǱǼˣȻְͨ߹ˣ˰칫ң¶Ǯ١
칫Ǵүݣǵݣεݣֵɲݡ
ĸõĸþš
һʼΪЩ˹¶ԺҲֻʣƣˡ
ϵٺǢʶһǮ෴ҪǮ˵ˣҲˡ
ɸ廧ڴƲ廧ٹʮ꣬òʮ꣬꣬ľͲ׬Ǯġ
꣬˷Ҳû˻˵ʲôˡ
ڹ˭ȻǼ۸ߵá
ȻϱݹǸСӣǱϾϱӵˣһҲ߼ȻѾ˼ңҲˣûҪٰݹǣ
ѹˣǮҪǮԶͲʶȥ¿гС棬ٰȥӡ
Сһһ׷ϱźˣⱲĿʼ
¶ñžµױԴϣŹʹĳǽһɫֽ塪Ԫһš
ԱͬյСӶë
۸ǽ¶ԼģëǹռȽ϶ƣǹϡ
С˧ǹģ¹ΣҲƱжѵą̃ʵʵһ׷Ǯ
л˵
ףҳϦ֡


20 
¶Ǹ̫ߵģ̶һطĶĶлۣҲṩױˣһҲ׬һ٣һڲǣϹŮƽ
¶ǿź죬ֶٺȴʼ·ѾǶˣп˵ȱ˲ŵĵطˣѧӢĵıȱȽǡ
ϰ׬ǮԴѧ˵ջ̫ˡ
˼ҲҪСѣʵۣ˿һһԪž˽۵һԪһԪ֣֡֡
ֱǲ£ֶ֪ã׼Ǯһ׬׬㣬һ͸۸սôûҪ˰ɡ
һοһֻҪ֧֣һӴʮοҲԪοɮ٣̫ο͡
һӴοͣ׬һԪˡ
ֶٲˣŵ֣һ˿ͣǮȥɱҲأȵǿˡ
ֶͶţⲻ֪Ҳˡ
һڹʹſڶյǸС˧ǻǵ𣿡
ǵãСҲǷ֪࣬ҲʲôС˧ˣһ󡣡ֶٶˣϱӵͱС꣬ⱲͬˣСС˧磬Ҳǡ
Һˮôû
¶£챻СˣǮ
粻˰ɣ
ǵûУͦϵģֱӰǮȥˣǼҲûΪԼܹ˵ģȥ·Сı¶۹Լϵ
һ׷ϣͦ۵ġ
ǸˡֶٸпǶȻؼЪʱ䡣
ʱɰۻˣųһܣΪ˶̫賿͵Żأҵʱ򶼿ߵˡ
ֶⱲӶûô۹ǰǮҲˣδԪĴֵδǳ۵ĺԺһ̣ģЪ˰ɡ
һЪǸð¶æͷͬ⣬ҵ꣬־ͲֻһˣʱϹϹˢƣϹв˵
СǮپ󣬲ʺȥбķգ轿ס죬뱣ڰ
һҪǮ۸ʣǿ뱣?ڻ͡
ֶٿŮ׵ģʳӵľʱڹǻΪ˿ڳԵ˸ׯ԰
ֵȴ㲻˹Ůڵ̯Ƭ뱣¶ǰܸɣûǮ¶
¶Щɣ¶ҲǲС
ûȥ⹫ʶ˶࣬ǰúʣǾԡ¶͵רҵıڿ϶벻𣬵ԸСҲòרҵıڣˡֲߡĿũ񶼿ԣҪ˵ÿסǳէʶʲôˣÿүӵġ
ֶԭڷʱһ굽ͷֲǮӳĶʱһ¾ʮǮĹʶĽԸһһǮƸ뽼ũֵܽǵڣ϶Ը⡣
˵ģҪ˵ÿףȻûС죬ùıڸˣǿɾЦˡ
л˵


21 
˵뷨ķ磬ý׽
𣿻᲻ᱻʱң꼸ӵľˣĵֻһ㡣
ȥʮʮҲǰܺߡ
ƶ˲оˣ쵼ϼɾҲΪʱҳòСˡ
д飬ҲҪ飬˵ǹȥˣɻǺ£һ
ģ֡¶նĵȥˣsirenﶼˣʷǲᵹ˵ģֻԽԽá
򴽣ûһСȣõŮŮȥͱˣӶ˵Ͳ͵ĻҸķ籨ǿ
ǿӣ¶ѵĴӼа˰ϹŮͣҰֵսѣϼũˣǿӦСӣ񲻻˵
ǲ˵ֻܷ˵֡ҲưͣСʱҲúõģ귢գ͵ҽԺȥ˾ѾˣôСҲ˵
Ҫõսÿ궼ͨţǿֻŮС꣬ɵҲû顣
˵ǿʮ֣Ҳʵܰɾ
۵ľСӣÿţаֽǿǿӡ
Ȼû⺢ӣŮŮҪһ뵽ľ⺢ӡ
ǿУĲ˵ʳ϶иƣǼʳǰĵϲˣ⣬ٶٰ׷ͷ
վڹĽǶȿǣ̽Ϊɲܴھеˣ˵˫ĸʶ֪֪ףһ˵Ķӣȷʵʺڡ
ֶٿ˿ţֿ˿ŮȻĸŮûҲͬ⡣
˵ӶҲܿ˼ңǹܳԹסһ¸ʮǮôһڻ˵㣬Ҳɡ
ϾרҵṦıڣֻһܲա
Ů㡭Ҳһ
ʮĴˣ¸ũҾ˵ǸũһѺ֣϶СɣӦòǿӲ
ң
ֶ˵ɻǿԭǲС첲Ͷϻм⣬ϱڽӻʵʵļ⣬ûӣС٣϶СһҪʲôʲô
Ƕ˰ɣ˶ˣС
Ҳܳǵ
ǿӣһʱ벻ʵѡѰ˼һŵʹ𣿡
󣿡
ʮ湦ʱ´˾ԿɿϸʮϽ飬ҵϼڲҵǳĸתǰҵǼ꣬š
ɿûбɿˡ¶ͬЩ̫ɿˣͬ־ǵڣҲ̫ˡ
ֶٶλͷҲЩսɹɵϼˣùǣ˼Ը
λǰѾǳˣԸǼС𣿡
˼ֲȱǮαظⶪ˵Ļοзա
¶Ҳƽʱͦġ
ԭλ־¡
ȥʡںǰᵽ¶Ѿа˳ɵˣȱǮֻȥûֲڸǰϵر졣
л˵



22 
ڡλǰС궼С 
һ罪¶ԤеһϹе˼еļˢ롢䡢ˡɨ¥
СڻسǺǱڼﲻǳʱҵ°ʱװ¥˶ûôСڣֻ֪سǺûе׸˼ңڴźӳȥŮŶô
Ͻţ࣡
СⱲӲף蹤æһʺһ󣬺òɴˣȴּСӱȥ֪࣬һȥ꣬ǻˡڼҶ֣Ȳ¶
С֣һˣڼҿӣóȥҹ㹤ҲڼҿǿܲŰɡ
ǼǹŮСӼҼҵģ̫裬ļҵĺҲ촩Ь
οһĿڶָϽһҡ
̷ɫΧĿ⾼סڽҶŵھӣװε裬һλ¶ԭҵھӡ
ǽֵ¸°ɣ¶ܵҲ̫ˣԭûλ˵Űģжٽ飬ܵǷ޸ǰϸš衯
һӾЦˣ㿴ĸ£С˵ҿɲʲô£ﱦﱦסǶ档
¶ЦЦո治ڿˡ

ҷͺá
У¶ΣȥˣҪá
ſˡ
ȥȥȥϽȥɣ˼ҶҪ̯ˣ˵ͼʲôÿӣʮͬϽͷ
¥ÿڲȥ˵ҲֻϽŮŮȵڣ̯ʣµĶȥòˣȻζãǱˡ
ϽʲߣȲӵĹʣŻȥ˵ˣŮŮֲ
ţȻûͷҲ磬ǸܸɣСǵ˹˲˵ǳˡ
ֶٺͽ¶̤ɫȥӪ˼ͷȥ˳үӵҪĵعҶؼҷ?źȣֳɵĲˡˮͲҶ
Ů
Ǵɩ
ֶٺͽ¶ˢˢں˵Ƕϻ¶
ͦŴǮǴɩһԵݶСǴֲֶԶϴμʱŮڵ·ݴ󣬿ȴǻݶˣֲԶ֮ǰС׳£ŰɫЬȴһ˵Ĵ·ɿ壬ܲ
¶һֱźʱûӲͷƤѡػطܶⱾ鿴꣬ҲֻԴʺš
ּҵ˶߰˸µиС޳̯Ҷϣõ²ǼƷǰ籾ɡ
л˵
СɰǺ賿V, ʱֳ䣬ٺϣСɰǶ֧֣ôôա

רһԤղء
˽ӡ
ɴɹŴʣͽıڲ˵Ǹ죬Ⱦƶ²żңﲻͻղͣʡԼȴֻǵǰ˽ӡ
ƿ֣ߵ㶼û
û취һǻκ͸мͦĸչ˵ãһֱǸؼ壬֪ĺ棬ȰĵĸʷϷ̫
δͳϽʮǡ


23 
òǳ¶˰ɣֶЩ, ҲиͺӳҶ
ԭּˣӴּˣʲôƷ˼ҡ
ָĸƫ, ҲƫĴӣ˭Ҳӡ
Խ¶ĵľ飬ػطܶⱾƽģ㲻ˬ, ŮҲʲô, ֮϶˳˳ˮ, ΪڵĲʮǰ, ŰŮ
, Ѿûа취ޱʵ統һһ, 鶼, Ҳٰߡ
ȥһ°ɣھͱǰкˡ
ⲻǰк, öŵ, ŮŮӷ֡
Ϊ飬ŮԶЩΪãһǹ࣬ҲԸͷĺ沼档
ŰɣҶҲˣܲܲԼҵ, ҵġ
ȥո̯ëɡ
ˡġ, ġ, ΪС, ֲԶֶæӦᷢǡ
裬ССˡֲԶСոն׼øССкˡ
Ҳˡ
Щ͵֪ûһ̥ģ̫¶ˡ
СӺ沸߹ûֹͣʱѾˡ
ôĻë£ҹﶼĿƤп˵СӾ͸Ŀˡ
ţһӲʲôֻҪб£ܳͷء
СӺ沸ջسʱ˿ϧûϱһϴѧʽĹûС
˼ӵȴӲӹˡ
ּңӦþֻԼ֪СһҲǿ׼ţ˼ӱ´ء
֪¶Ҳûã֮ǰǰ¥סţҲûôƼӣһֱܣҹ̯ҶʱСһҴͷ
һƾ֪ϵ·ƤЬͲֹһٿ顣
˵˭Ǯ·Ьϣܻһپ˵١
𿴽סŸɲ¥ǺٵģȲϸɲҲȲ˳Ĺˣһ쿴ֿ˹˾Щûǹ
Ծǽ۹ŮҲܻôǮ·Ь
ĹѾȥˣ˷̯Ҷʱ䶼ɡ
Դ͵͵һں棬Ƽڹʹǽ°̯ƬСӺֶŮˣߴﹾ಻֪˵ʲôӦڵ׬Ԫ
ð̯Ҷ׬ˣȴɲ˵ġ
˵Ҳ
һֱ֪⼸кܶ˸ģҲȲЩˡ
ͷûȨûû·ҲʲôطϱҲûѧʲôգҲֻ׬Ǯȥͷ׬Ǯ
ͺܶ˱ϱӱڵѾǿܶˡ
໹֪ģڷСһ֮ǰ
֪С׬ԪһƬǮ֮󣬹˿ʼ
׬Ļ̫ˡ
¶գ򱱻ôСﶼ׬Ǯ
ûʲôգܳԿ࣬һ󣬴˸ࡣ
һľûطãҲᣬҲ
֮ǰڸĹ࣬ƲȨŸڼҶӣȥԶһЩĵط̯Ҷɷ챿ֺСӴȥݳԲҶ棬Ҳһ̯ӡ
·ݴˣӶ¶Ҳܰæ
֮֡׬Ǯ
ֶٺͽ¶ŶʱѾˣ
Ѿǽ޵ĵ̨ˡ
Ůһ֮ǰû뻨Ǯʱ취Ǯ㲼ϡ
ǷװĲֿ⿴ԱҪ׬ףֿŵЩϲͷûģóܻǮͬһλļѾôɵġ
̾װ׬Ǯǰ׬Ҳ׬
㹤ɲ֮ǰͨѶѧЩ·֪ʶӻָӵĴһ޲ˣֵͲЩԡ
˵Ķ޲ãҲָܸԭ˼ҵĶϼӻ
ҲշѣŮڲȱǮȱƱ
ͷ̯ģû˹ˣĻȫǳԵģǹϹ߲ˣǼѼ⵰͵Ķ٣Ͼ˽˺Լ͵͵ե͡
򲼣ЬӣůˮƿҪƱ
Ʊݣиͷĸͷ͸ˣ⹫ѧȥ˼ص鼮
⹫ϰʱڼ￴飬⹫Ϣ͸Ŵֲж
С֮ˣڡ
Ѿ̫ǵʱˣ±ССССͷˢϴҪŵӡ
Ҫǣһ㶼һ׶԰Сѧ̫˷ʱˡ
ڼ￴飬⹫ѧϰСҵ磬ͦõģиʦ͸ˡ
⹫Сҵ翿飬ô飬ڰְ裬˵ǿͷۣšС˵
֣ǸոȥƼɩֲԶڰ̯ҶּǱûʲô¶ɣ¶սű㿪ʵ
̧ͷȿŮһۣһһּҡŮ˵Ҫ׸ŮǱֵòģϾŮװ״磬ܸ
ҲûвˣûŮϿ˵ı飬Сڵһϵıһģһ˺滹Ǻ档
ɩѹˣ˵аˣҲû˵ּҳʲô¶ûɥȢҲûС
͹඼ڷװ¶֪ıȽˣҲ̯ҶҲû׾ô¶
һֱûŮŮ˵Ϊ֪ô˵
Ƿ˼ˣ׸ˣŮϻֵܣݹǽӵĸİࡣ
ŮŮʱ׬˲ǮɾһĿ֪˲ּ֪Ҳ֪
ּǶСڶûҵꡣ
ȻˣΪʲôСûǮǴǮղǮܰ¸
Ϊ¶ûų˼ݣˣСҪ֪˻ø
֮ǰһֱû˵˵ʱ򣬵ƽͶˣʱתƻ⣺ϼ籨ǿӹʱȥվҲӦˣҲù죬һ̽ףҪ죬ϢǴȥҿ
ŮųģСֲǣҪۣܵҲСۣúⵣ
ɽܵҪó
¶ѾŴԭļҵˣҹϵ׽ԭĶӲʮأȥ˱
ıĺӶˣȥʱСϲԵʳ
˫̥꣬Сꡣ˵Ӹ˵ԼҵĺҲûʲô𣬡ϲԼԶϲը黨ģ˵СһȥΪ͵ǻ˶ٴ򡣡
£Զı
֣ܺҲϤϤвԭļ䣬ǽ¶Լļ䣬ıС˵￴ɣĸʺѾز۵С˵֡
ռ黨龫ǡ
һڴԽһȥ˼ͣԶĺʽ
ֶûƤпˣһɽװ÷˸ɽװøƱ÷Ҳøˣ߶⡣
¶ҲûȹӣΪȹӲʽûкʵĴ׿㣬ϸûнĴ׿㣬Сĺɫ׿㣬ڼﴩҲˣ;Ͳʽˡ
ɫ㣬ɫºͺëµͷǰͷȫ棬¶ͷԭķȻҪ߼ֱ
걳ë£ȻǶ̷ɵ軹ǸСӡ
һ¥Ŷóֱ¥һš
Ự
¶źһߵСкЩûƬϧˡ
С̴ţû˿ڣŤͷܣܱߺ磬ˣ
һ˽ݣٲСֺС٩ɽĸС޴һ
¶Ų豭۾ȴֹסı
ֺҲˣֵȻҲôߣСޣһһÿ
¶ȿڲȥͷһûʱζһ߰æ⣬һߴ̽
ɩˣʲôѽ
ɩӵֵҲͣҲԣӶúÿĸ϶ˡ
ˣܡ
ܡʲô
ܺࡣ
ɩʲôģҲǾ𣿡
ţҽ
ֶӳÿÿ
š
ɩӳҲÿ
ࣺܺҲÿ
Ǻܺÿǰÿ¶ǿأڶǵǲסһǵһǵá
ıȻ죬ƵС˵ûǽ֡
ܺ࡯ָӴڻŮƵС˵ҲûŮǽ֡
ӦˣֵҲ˼Ҿ
Ůּ֮һڴˣڽЩС
¶ֻǰҲúÿˡ
ˣҲûֻ΢Զ˵㣬УҲûͣ
Ǻõطʷḻÿзչǰ
ǰڱĹϷʱѾչĺܺˣʱڱӵ뷨
Ҳܺáܺһ
̬ˣͦĵģЩɩ첻Ǽҳ̣ѯĹͼͥļҳ
񹫹ѵŮСڿ䣬һôֱס
ǣڿ˱֮󣬽¶ʮȿһСֶӡ
ûʲôʲôû֮ǰ¶ŶﻳǸŮһһĸŮװû֮ǰѾ˺ö׵ĸŮװ
Ů֮ʱҲҪӣȻǰֶһһŹƽǲӵۣٳԲָĿࡣ
ûжӵĽ¶ʵʵѿֵС޿һͨ
ܺҲʵʵ⣺ҲҪŮһƯС
һ̥ʱˣһ˫̥кڶ̥˸кʱûԸ
ҲˣҪһ˵һٶ»ܸǸŮˣһúӣĸĸһŮСʱûõģŮ 
¶˼ҺӻֻܿòԼҺӣܿĿɾ̫ˡ
⺢ӴСϲ顭
¶ѧѧʱҲѧϰܺóҲܺõѧԣȻ˸ѧŮǻʵѧԡ
ܺɫЩЦ꿴ź𣿡
ûУǲȥ࣬˷ʱ䲻˵ѧ̫ˣʺٸСһѧ
ǱˣܻöԷ˵󻰣ͬŵܺ⣺̫ССѧҪʦͨãСӴס
϶һ꼶ʱסȥ꼶ĲźЩиѧˡ
¶ŮסţûԼŮɵģĵǣֱСѧĻŮᱻŵñӡ
ѧԺǲһġ
л˵
һ룬ʣһ
ٸСһҲǣ


24 
֡ѧԡѾЩڸˡ
ÿ, Сһ̫ˣ磬ȴƫҪƨɺ档
, ɲ꣬ҲûչСӵľ顣
ǡСֺС־ǿ
ˡ
ӹǣֽСһŤͷ
ûãСűܹ
òװ緹, СͷַҪ
һ顣¶ѾΪλ
ֿ϶ҪһСü, Ϲıһ, ܺŮʿһ, ˫̥, Ҳ
ࣺܺԼԹԳԷֽ, Զһ, Էʱչ
ֶٷһıϵı飬ŷ, ĶϱôӲ, ѲǲӭԼһңСıӦˡ
һĲӵ¶¶һһ㣬Ȼһ㶼ñŤ´ǰܺ໹Ҫꡣ
ܵ, ˭Ը⵱, Ը⡣
ʵ, ҪǸȤ, ̽׵ȥסʱ䣬һ𡣡ܺ˵ǶԼӵʱᡣ
ȻֻǴ΢΢ȻֻûôӲ˵Ծƽֱ𣬵Ϊɷıȴüӣ˫ֵ̥Ҳˢˢ衣
ҽܺŮʿҵû˵ѡģӽйҽԺڱܺãھڱȴǺûΰ롣
õҽõ̬ȡ
ҽҪЦӭˣھ̬Ӳ˵졣
ı˽ԼӣҲʮˣʮûЦΣӵʱҲˣæҲæƽʱѵһӡ
ӼҲûٴǷ鲻ͣҲ˵Ӳϲӵģʵǳ
ûз޸鲻ͣһֱദʽҲûϲӣϲҲͲڶ̥ˡ
ֻÿ˶ÿ˵ԸЦҲͲЦ
ЦӶŽ¶ȴЦ⣬һ뽪¶ĸŮȥ̽ףʵںѲе档
ϱ⻹ͷһ˹ȥ̽ףʱ͹ȥ죬Ǳ߿Ĳ˵ʾԹܹ
ڲӵСԺһڣûסˡ
ϱҵûסҲûס
ֶٶԺ߲Ȥȥ̽ҲûȤͷǽһۣڼţҲȥԺʡ
¶ȴʮֵĸȤҪ֪Ŀռĵİڽɽ˰Ļ𳵣Ҳ˰ũͳУȥӿһʵҲǲˡ
ܺ಻˵׻ʵ˹ȥ̽Сס˵Լҵס
ǱƽҶԼСԺӣҲ࣬ϳ䣬һ󣬱¥ˣҪǹȥӼһ䷿ڳķһס
¶ʱ䣬Ϲûʽλʱɣ겻ѧʱҲɣʲôʱȥС
Ǳůͣǵ˶ٹȥ
УʱǴ绰ȥǡ
ܺ˵žЩ̫ԣûȥӵļԺסҲû
˵Ϲ̫ã֮ǰûϣ˵Ҳ̫ãûвӭȥ
ܺdownָֻɸոձӡ
¶㽵Уıǣ˧ͣеṦ򣬶һɫĿ硣
ɹʱȥ˶ź·Ķ졣
ֶ۾ֱȥ
ȥǶ𳵵ã
ǲ졣ıЦȻҲŻ̽һס
̫Զˣ·ϾҪĹ򣬴ӳо͸ˡ
ֶһڱľƣϣֻһʱ𣬲ȥ
ıȴֻӭǱ߶ȷʵůͣסһʱ֪ˡ
סҲֲ֪ûȥϸ˵ϱҲǸϷˡ
ʵ۳Ѿܽˣֻģδͨء
ֶٵӲû͵ɵĵӣ֮ͨǰȥ˸۳ǵģһȥ
ǻصȥƽ磬Ҫ֪ϻûԭĸĸûһţҲŲˣֻ뿴ѡ
ŵ뷨࣬Խ췽ҹ̷Լ˶ڣҲףŵģ԰þˡ
뵽۳ǣֶҲⲻЩʧ䡣
˵ĻүӣǴɤţһһ
˵Ҷ࿴ŵӣ˵˵ѵѵԼֶ
Ǹ˵İɣ˭˭ĺӸҵĺһġ
ֶٺͽ¶뱣ֱһڸûҲˣԼģҲ˵
үԼСˣһһʳ
ȥϰ಻ڼң¶ź¥ͣүֻܸսѵŮ
ǿҪǸɵĲãҲԼأסţҴ籨
ʵСӹºӱ۸Ųսѣͷزģºӱ۸۸ײû档
ǿԼҪҲֻܰˡ
ģһ䵥ġֶٴıڣģ˸׳ȥҪǿ
ڰѻ򵹣ϣֱӱܣӲӡ
ϽŮ㡣Ȼ˵ҲǳֶѧʲôҪľͰдֽø
ҪӣϽסߡ
ֶٵס죬ϾλͷСᣬʧΪڵĺѡȥҲŻ졣
ֻǼʵûжĵطǿӶֻסڿС䣬ǸǴסģҲֻóˡ
ܹǮͷһ¾ǻӡ
Ҳ϶ôˣôõĻ𳵣϶Ъһϡ
ǿ̫ˣûϰˣҶѧд֣ɼǿǸˣҰͻء
ֶæŵʳ
үС£ֹסϺԿ䣬⺢ӾǴǼ㶼Ȳ˻ڿ죬СԺлɣܳԿࡣ
׬ǮȢϱӣҲܺˡ
ֶ˲ĵëˣ֮ǰȥҽԺ˽ɵֻܵȣҽԺûм֫
˰ɣȻôϸչ磬ڵӦҲС
ǿ֮ǰԹ𣿡
ɶ
л˵
ٺ


25 
ûС
ֶٴŽһĹ, ҲǺܶ
ܲûҽģȥҽԺҸʰɡ
úúáүһץסӵ֣ȥҽԺ, ҡҲȥ֪ġ
ķãֶͷ̾˿ͷ͸׵˸ɻȷʵף׼͵, һҪȿ, һĶϱĶˡ
һֱ¥, ˷, Ǵϴ, Ҳ֪ôôĻġ
¥
¶ǲӵǼ¶ȻԾôѵȤ, ȤĹŻ, ǾɩǵճǼҳ̡
ĹŵŮͬ־ǲǶرÿŻǲǺܶ׷
ûйľɩƽʱʲô
ӼԺСǲǴС͸һѵ
û֮ǰڱر, ֮˿ľɩ
¶, ʽ˽ġ
ܺ˵Щһһ֣ǶĻشˡ
дģӦǺͽ¶ľһ
ܺͬ־ľɩҪĶ࣬й, ûҲࡣ
˹æ, , ȫŮ˳ҡ
ҪԼˮ, ԼӣԼϴҪԼֲ˳ԡ
˳ңĵӾȫ̸Ůͬ־ˡ
¶Ŷ࣬ɩõܺҪҪչ˼ͥľ͸ˡ
װ
˭סܺ಻࣬ϲ
˺˲һ¶һִǹĹʵҲȷʵˣֻһӣΪ׷統֪Ĺ¸⣬ӶˣҲõС
ҵļڱȽ϶̣͸ǰˣүҪٴ죬ҽԺĵ绰ʱԸҴ绰ϵдҲУַҲ֪
ôҪˣ¶Щ᲻ãôãͷһĵˡ
ҽԺƴҲȥһ͵һֱֵ࣬ⶼһˣûˡ
¶ʲӵ飬ûôʹܺĹҲǸ֪ܺȻڸƹ
ڸƹľҽͦټģȻмǿ϶Ҫƴ
ܺ࣬˫̥+Сӣı󣬸ƴ
ʯ֮䣬¶ˣѹһֱüСϤıϤΪĿһ⼸ֵС˵
ѾǲˣµľǵãһģŮҲǴԽģǴӺģǴӹŴģĴˡ
ŮǺ裬ıװ֣衣
ƣһֺ÷ˣ̴ɰǹˣƪ࣬ڼӵһֱڻ
¶С˵ֲڣʱһĿʮУʱֹȥôˣ˲ֹһģѾǲＸĸˡ
ѲǳǼ֡
㣬㶼һˣҲٶ죬ӱһ˾вףüĻ𳵣˷ôⱡԣ˷̫ˣıһ˴ӻȥһ˿ôܿסǷһٸҽԺļ¡
ǧֿܷߣһȫġ
ʶռ죬Ҳ᲻뿪ȥʹļƬء
¶ĹǴСģֶסܺҲû⡣
Ҵ绰ҽԺʿܲ뵽١
 ܣ϶ܣ˻ȥԺ໹ļ١
صĴ¡
¶ˣδһҪúλƴķգܴɹʶ
飬ͷһ𾪣ڶ Ҳֻʣˡ
ֶٲıģܺҲûϵôĶ֪ˣԼһңϱǶ飬Ȿг𣿡
ӦûУôֻһС˵ɫֺС˵
Ȼʹˡ
裬㻹ıҲڰС˵𣿡ʵ
ǿɾ̫ˣûһаʮܲܶϣǲкüŮǶ׸ȫм׸ܱС˵Ĵӻ⣬Ǿͷİɡ
ôḻС˵󻯡ôƽ
ϵͳǰֻģǼʴԽ߿ƼģĩЯܴũġôһˡ
᲻ͬһдģͬһԲŻյһ𣿡²
п¶ϹŮע£ò͵ǳԼʱ򲻻Ҫȥµļ˭ͬҿС˵ʱҲע˭Ҳ߻ûбС˵
֪֪С˵ҲҪûǳֶٺò׷첹Що޷ֱʵٵ硣
˵ֶٶľηнͣеƮ
һ߱´磬жϽ϶bugڣҵЩbugĻõఴͰ׬Ǯ
л˵
ͼӵֶ١


26 
С˵bugžǡ¶оĵ, ϧһû꣬ڶǺģҪΧ, Ƿ¸
ֶڽֿҶĴɩ󻹲Ƭ
ɩָǻһ
ǹŴˣ϶ܶŷôһǮһ, ϻ׬Ǯֶ˳ĵ
¶Ŭ䣺ǱŮǳպܺ, ǰװ, ܶóԵĸ, һʼǿóԵĸüСϲ, Ůһֱûгȥû, ͺǻھӶϲŮĳա
ֶ٣Сⲻ, ĴˣǴӹŴûϹ, ķóһܱ主, αظ˵衣
ϲӰ֣ҲǮࡣ
ǰҵŮ̸һ̸ϻ￪ꡣ
˵¶ˣ궼֣ʲôʱôǿҵҵˡ
鷳, ˵ǲǴǮĺԺ, ĺԺȥ, ҲͲǮˡ¶ɻ
Ϲһֱ, ǰҲǮҲûر
һʼģ˵ķӿ϶ˣкõĶֻҪϣȫжУڰ׼ıأȥҶۡ
ֶûҵģǮſˣסš
ŮƷô𣿡ȽϹһ㡣
ŮǰµļƷ϶ǹصġŮǴӹŴģȻˣ˻ǱȽϱصġ
ôطֶʵ
ԸΪ죬ԷΪ죬ֹŴȽϴͳŮԣ޸ĸõ⡣
Ҫ˵Ůһ⣬ܻҪ˵Ůĸĸ
˴򽻵ֶٿɲ£æʱ䣬Ǿȥԣ㻹ǵĽʲô𣿡
ģסĲ֪ҼǵݣȻҲܸı󣬵ʱһºˡ¶
㲻һϻ⣬ҲͦһĵģŴŮǣͷ˵С
Ҳ֪СûбĹŷǴڹ͢ģǵı֪û˵
ǵŮһֺóգ߻ҲΪɫںǵ·СҹŴ˿϶ر̷ɣѧһ֡
ڶһ磬ֶٴǿӺүȥҽԺ¶ȥ¥ܺգ˻˰࣬ڼ׼дսѡ
ȴûһ鿴ҵĴǰ´ŵڡ
ͬʱ֪һŮǴӹŴģԽǺֵǮӡ
һڴãȻȲʮ󣬵ûΣգҲ׬õǮ
ǴԽŴأǴԽսʱڣǴԽԶš
ԽôֵǮӣҲûܡ
ǻʶñڱϼҪΪֵܳĴԽ׼
1.ܣֿȭĴľ򣬶Ҫѧ
2.ľȡ
3.Ѿѧüֳˡ
4.ѧһżŴҲõļֵأ
꿴ֽϵСС̾˿ϴδԽĴС˵￴ͬͬյĽɫΪ˱ٴδԽȫӦýС˵͹飬ҲˣһĸɫҲء
С˵顢Ӿ硢ӰҲҪ衣
֮Խ
л˵
е̣ϵĶȡ
һۣ¼ۣԱǰʮ۷СϺ֮ǰµСһ𷢡


27 
Ϣ, ǿһ׷Χڿ˵˵
Ϣ, Ǯûˡ
ΪԷһֶٰһĿǰĴˣֻʣʮˡ
ҪӪҵˡ
ͷһΰѴĴ뻨һϣɿүӺǿӱͷʹ޵ģ, ־Ǯֵ
ô˵, Ҳսѵֶ, Ǯ, û, ֻһ׷Χڵ΢, ⸸˵ͷ˶ˡ
ص, ֶټӻҵģʵܲסүһһĵл
ٿǮ, ֲʲô޿, ڡ
дǡֶٿŮǰıӣǴľȡģʲô
ˣ겻ҳͬʱпٴδԽ, ôضʮһͻδ, ôȱʳĹŴ, ͵úú׼ˡ
쵽һbug׬Ǯֶ٣е
Ŵܴ, ǵȻпܴȥ
ǴȨ֮ңʳҲˣƶ֮ңԲůʲô˶۸ǡܴù𣬻ֱΪū
ֶһʱƽģڹŮǰҪӵġ
ʱҸүүѧУϹսģ湦ľȡͲˣ֪ԭˡҲἸˣҲѧˡ
ֶٿŮֽϵһѧһżŴҲõļֵأĥ
ͦѡɡ
־ðɣŴǶʲôƷΨжߡѧʲô飬͵ָˣ౳ʫδʣٱŴʲô¡һĴԽˣһСͯһǧ𡣡
걻ˣٵչǼٵģǿԶ౳ЩʫʱⶫײãΪдģװͯʱˬɵľ͵©¡
ٵĲɣǿġ
Сʱѧְѧ裬Ժ󶼵һŴǿΪ
ãֶһ
Ȼ˵ٴδԽһеһǵţֶٵѾ״ˣʱǸĩҲŲ׼ġ
¶ܺһķպ࣬һֱڸпĸ׵ΰŮ˵ĲףڻصҿϹеСί
ô˾Ͳء
ŮЩȻֻдôɰֶ̣϶Ȳ֮һɰ
ոոҵģŰɣ˼ҷҪ˵ԺǿӵĹȫծ¶Ƿݹȥ
ǩ֣ӡǿӸġ
ֶٰǷŵ޸ĹĴԽ׼ƻøš
ְĲ²˵һ飺֮ҾӦ÷δȻ׼
¶˵ͷǴ飬ǽпֵܳĿ촩
ΪİߣϹҲãŮҲãˡ
ĻٴδԽŴĿܣĩɥʬӰǶȥÿ춼Ҫĩûû˵ĸ¡ˮ𡣡¶ɫصĵ
ٴδԽĿǷǳǳСģҾÿ׼ûҪ̫ࡣбҪģƽ͵ˣȻ󻭻ҲУһǳҪҪϣǾǻѧʽ
¶ĿŮԽ߱رܡˮ෽ӺͲӣǹŴҲֻҪúѧҺְǲˣѧϰ͡
ʫ£ѧǺúѧϰ¡
ʮ·ݣѾ˿ѧʱ䣬Ҳһ׶԰СѧѦĴԽ֪᲻֪ʲôʱһ⼸ء
ְְҽһСѧαɣȡһ֮ѧֱ꣬μСĿԡ
˳Уγ̺ʷΡ
ְָһסֻʣʮֶٵ
αӦû򣬻ȥƷչվԣ˵ܳû©¶
ŶǱˣ˭ʶŮȥƷչվͨջģҳļв㷢ֹŴľϻӵļв﷢Σڵҵƽġ
©ôף˭ɵӣкöƷչվĹԱԼǰԻˡֶٶԼ©ϣŮҪ¶粻̫ɽǾȥ
һһӵĲˣ˵ŮһҸջʱǶ緹
һΪսûˣǼȷʵȴǰˡ
ƿƣźŻһȼ
ȳٷҾʹˣƾͲˣǺȾҺˮһġ
үӻŻؼңҲ͸С׼һʳʮǮؼҴմǮܻȻ٣ǮСֻϡ
ҲŰСĺϢؼңӺҲ˸ˣôЩ˵л˶졣
ѧ˵СӾǸˡ
үӺͽսѸˣƾǸͷ˸˺Ȱˮġ
ǽ˽ǾǿӺʣȻҲǿһѵģû뵽⺢ָֻܻǻָһ֣Ҳȴǰǿˡ
Ů˵ҽԺУǼ֫ûУӦҲаɡ
ݸΪǿӣΪսѣҲΪԼ
СֺǿҲһ𡣡
İ׾ڣöûȹƵĽֱᡣ
ֶٵľҲôǰֲҪ̸⣬òŸƴƣֻżһƣ׾ûôȹ˭ƶֻһСڣֻһСѣɻͨ죬䶼Ǻġ
ǿѧָӣССڵƣúҲѺȣžƱɵ֡
үӣЩûѶһˣıľãûôһ׾ƶ
**
¥ҡ
ıܺ࣬һһ𳴲ˡ
ˣÿӶһͶϡ
ηŶˣJ̲ˡ
ʳõһڣ˭Ҳԣ˵̲˿У˵¥½¶ļ̲ˡ
үүĲóԣܲܰѽүүϡһ߿Ŵȣһ
ȰĺóԣҲʳõķ˺óԡ
ǲܵģֻܰүүϡֱӵ
Ǿүүһ߰ɡ߽үүүүҲС
үүȰְóԣöʳ
ԺǻүүģүүҲԸ绰ǲܰүүȥүүϰԲߺʣҲûбʶˡıĽ͵
ѰִߣǲܴߵˮͲ˵ˣֺòݣȥʰӣүӾûдӵģҲôࡣ
ʵҲͦóԵģȻȥҴȥܺͻȻǳķҪǺóԾѵǼסһʱ䡣
ҾڱûдӻȥӵʱҲûźӡ
ǸһأÿǮҲֱӻ
ǸεĵȼƶȣЩǮҲǻˡ
ͽ¶ôеķպ࣬˼ԼӦðѰֺһλϡ
ڲϣǼӺҲܺߡ
Ҫ˴ӣܱȴǸǿڵļҿɲŵȣǱû裬ӿ϶࣬á
л˵
ǰ˵һ£ûп촩ڣ
ϻһ·棬ǱʮС


28 
, ֶٰү͵վ·ϣĸ
û˵, ¶ͱȥһǮ
Ƕʲôô˵ϼǱߵݴ㳣סǴ𣿡
Ƕ׸ôϼ˹
ĸȻһʼͬС׸Ҳ뿪, ϽһŮ, ǱߵļҵøСһ, ˼ҵȻҪ֡
˵ҲСпǷ, ˷, Ҳ˹
׸׸ɣ˽, 벻Ϊӷ, ϽзݹǸС, Ǹϱ, á
׸ٰϼм۸˰ɡ
ôģ˶ôˣӹܸ˵ûֵܣӹĿ϶ֶ, ·ֶŮŮס
ĸϹھ¶, ӵĻ, ߴ, ۿСӰͷͳȥ͸ƶھǵ˵ˣϵˣˣⲻʲô
Ķȥˣǰûʱɶụ̂ôڹ̡ҲϼҵݣսѵĶӣпˣ߽סһʱ䡣
ֶٺܻİĸոǮͳֽҵֵͺȣôҲһ١
ϣʲôѣǷ˼׸ҲûϾϵ¶ֲȫܿ
˵ˣڱûһˮƽҪҲܾ
ֻôǮǰŸˣҰָҪȥ
ûܣּүӵƫġ
ǮûϵǡɩѹˣһǮߵһ㡣ĸ֪ϱ¶Сӣ׼Ҿڷװ϶֪ˡ
ûκԼˣΪ⻹˺ôƢĸ͵
֪ϱ׼϶ŵģҲСӣˮأοһʽĹ
ʱѾˣ˼ְѾˡ
ֶٲǷݹĹֲܰͰȥϰֲ࣬ԶĴ
쿴ɩŴֶӰ̯Ҷǲ۴ӵ𣬾ǰֺʹɩַˣҲӶǨŭ˰ɡ
治ǣĸıһѾɩǮˣΪ˰̯Ҷ׬ǮͦŰ˸µĴӣҲͣ£ȫ˻øһæ
ôҪˣҲͷ̯Ҷĸ˵Щ̾Ӳѧʱ򶼸ȥ̯æû취˭УǸûõģ֪ɻܲסࡣ
Щ¶ĸø˵СӾûʲôñܻˣϻӴ򿪣ˮ¡
ɩǰȻǮִţͦõģԼϽĲ˵֪ŬҲԵӣͦġҲ֪ʲô̼ˣſڱտڶǮֶǮˣøĹʣÿ߽ѡ
ԴӰѹ˿ʼֵĹʻǲҪҶǮȫܣ˵ҪǮӺͶĺ򷿡ôҪ棬տʼͬ⣬ɩȻ˵ֲӣ˵˽ֻΪԼ룬źǵָȥˣܲͬ𡣡
ԶˣѾǿԼ¶ˡ
ؼǴվǶҲ˵ͬࡣ
ͷӾϷݵһɽˡ
ֶٲ̫⣬Ϊ𺳡
ҰΪʲôܾܾԼйʣֲú
ھˣ浽ʺҪǮʱǵ˳ʲô
˵˺ʸĸҪǮ쾭壬ĸʺҪǮǾ͸쾭ˣαôˡ
类ɩģ˼ǷޣŵϹɵôˡ
ͷôױϱ󣬾еЦˡ
Ҳûϵⴿ褴ƸһԸһԸ
ڶǮǶԵġֶٿ϶򷿽ڣŻѳӻ࣬ɩģҪǲŷ۵͵ʱǲɵء
˵ӣĸ̣С򷿵ĻҲں²
ֻ˵¶Ǳ߲Ǵ̾ͺˡǮøģһֱûҵᣬЩǮɲø㻨ģǮġ
øС϶һóһϸˮĸϾӴĻڣûһڼּҵӡ
ȻҲͬɩҶͦ׬Ǯģȳʽ׬ҪһʱҲҲڸ̯ӣĶãҪ벻ҲҶȥԶĵطͳɡ
ֶټûҶգҲûҶ뷨Ҷֻܱļ۸˭Ҷȼļ۸٣Ҳ
ͱˣҶҿ϶ģҲɽաǱغԼɣ̫ˡ
ϾҲˣɩƵôƴɩŮ£˾Ͳһˡ
ֶټŻؼҸŷԣֻ˵ŮŮ׵һ֮
ԭίĽ¶һҲóԾ
ȻûǱ飬ڶŰˣŮˣ϶ּұһ֮Ҳ
Щ½ŮһֱҪʲôʲôҪйҪְְҪзӣҪ׬ǮˣҲ˳µİּȫԱˡ
׬Ǯ¸һ
ֶ˼ĵ˵ͷ˳˳ˮǣģһķǵֵͶʡ
ȵҪ򷿵ʱ۹⿴Ŵɩ򣬰󻯡
ԣֶŰĸǮͳ
һɫĴŽᣬܹʮţٰʮ飬Ƿݹһǧһ顣
óһĸҲûĸ˵ȫǮ
һߣĵȷȷ׬Ǯˡ
ϱû׬һǮⱲȻİ࣬õʣ̯ͲһˣڰСʱͶüǮ
Ϊ˶׬ǮԼڷװĹ´ǹֵǮʱٹ̯꣬ԽԽ࣬ҲûôֵǮˡ
ʱ
װȻ˽չˣôҲͦôꡣ
ͲһˣٹͻһһĹ¸ڣֱӵƲ
϶佫¸ڣֵǮʱѹˣܿʱ̯
ԼĹͬԼĹն࣬ɷģҪ˵Ǳͬˡ
ӣ¶ŪóŻûʱ졣
л˵
ΪҪϼˣԽֻһĸҲȽ賿ʱһ˽죬ƽʱĸ¶̶ʮ㣬мӸ賿
ϹأǰʮС



29 
һڵﴫ˵еķƷչվʱ, ɫѾȫˣĹԱ׼ˡ
С⣿ֶٲ̫ȷĺ
һɫ谵ͷûе, һСĿ̫ˣ֮ǰڹʹſڰ̯࣬ȴڷƷչվ
ָ磬㣬Ҳˡ˲۾ľת˲, ´, , ʲô, ߶ǹӽˡ
Ҳʲôö, ֻҾѾһˣÿͷĶѾˡ
ָͽܴʣµķƷ񵽱, Ҳֻܹ
Ŀȷ, ҪҵСѧαһ꼶꼶еĿα
¶ǱѰ̬, ͷ鷭һ, Ǯƾɲõһ࣬ľͷͲŽأľϻӾ͸Ҫˣ˵ͷ˽Ρ
ֶټȲҪ飬ҲڷƷչվ©ϣ, ڿС֮
СĻ, ﹤, ҪкöҲˡ
ֶٸɴûͷ, Сһվſڡ
ϴǵ¶лˣ֮Һ㽪ûٰ̯գϢһʱ䣬ȥԣȥأǴ߸ȥ
ֶĲԵǰЩ껹ԣҵδʶ˼ҵıֱܾӵƷˡ
񲻴ڳˣеҲɽ֪ܲŶֵǮܲľŵ֣֮Щֵ˼Ҹ
˲͵һֱû˵֮ǰڷƷչվ˺üˡұܷٹµİ࣬Ҳʱȥա
ʵҲֻ٣ֻǺ٣ƽʱĩҲࡣ
ƷչվߴҲֻˣʱñܹ࣬һͬԭǽӵĸ׵İ࣬Ӱ֮󣬴󲿷ְ඼λͬµԩͷ׹ϡ
˭Ҳ˭
ֶĴָˣô࣬ڶһϢգ˺ٺ١
иԱյĹףٳȥ׬׬졣
Ǵˡ
˲ȴ֣ˣµٰæҲûһ˵ϣ󡣸磬㻹ȥ̯գ
׬࣬ҪǱ׷ӵǮûˡ
۵ĺü϶˯ţҲս⡣
ȥȥô׬ǮҺ㽪㶼ҵ꣬ܲһֱڼɽգǴȥ
˲ǲͬôʱСΧңҪȻҲһ㷴ûУҪʲôʲô 
һӣϹսӣһСȥͺܻˣȻҲܴҪС죬Ҳһ·ϴľˮ֪˭Կء
ȻЩС첻ǡ
˲˼ʵ˵ʹǱһȺѧѸ⵱룬˵Ӣָ껹ȥ˵𣿡
û׬ȥʲôȥֶٿɲǴ˽ˣֲѧҪϰǮζ뵱˵ûǮˣڼңԺͲǹȥˡ
Ů־ҪһμСԡ
ڵĽ̲ĺʮĽ̲ĲһףڵصĽ̲ĺ͸۳ǵĽ̲Ҳ϶
ҪһСѧɼֻͨ㶼Уøμпܡ
һαսСȥ˻ûãӡ̣һʱ䶼ŵ
˲Ѿ㿪ˣӣָܹĸˣ㽪޸֮ܣټӺ׳СײĿԾͲˣϾЩҲ±ץ̡
ָ磬ܡ׬ǮǶ˷֡
ʵ᲻ս⣬ȻսǿЩÿʮеģһ͵ֵµĹʡ
Ǳ𣿡ֶʵ
ǱˣҰǶһ̨ҪʱܽŸաָʹһ£һҲһ֣Ǳߵ̯ӾֻңԺ󲻹Ƕۣǳ̯ʱ䣬Ƕ
ؼǣԸɵ
ͷһ̨Ǹԣ˼ˣο̨
ֶ´С⣺ûСӻǸ
㲻ϣ㲻ϡ˲ϣҰֿɲʲôˣ֮ǰǣ·˽ʮ꣬ȥһ԰ʮĹʶˡ
Сһء
˶֣ܶ׬ǮֶͷͬģûӦ
ҵûȥĳ˵ǸӣʵҲʱ򵱹ڵɺ׳ʵˣԴţ¶ҵ˼ҵ
Ҫ˴ϣðѻ˵ˡ
ҲãǿҲգǹӶԼݡ
ûйӶ¶
УҵϢöҾС˲
¶Ӧòܳɣ˭Ǯء
˵һҲͬοô࣬¶
һпαҲϰᣬм仹żԾ
ƷֵǮָҲȱǮ˲ͰĹ˳ӣǮҲǮûҪ顣
Щܹ߷ǮЩһְɡ
ֵùӡ
һľӣû˸ǣȻȵľͨľһİУŲ滹кüӡ
ܹ˷Ǯһ
òϻؼң¶˴ӣôѼ˸顣
΢ЩصʲôûУʵĵľġҲǸɸɾľȷʵив㣬вֻһֻĶ׹ͨͨʯ
ҲдһҲһ¶̾˵õѰأһǮľ
ȻԤϣֶٿʱһʧҲֻһѣϰοԼŵ˵绹ģƷվѰǷҪˡ
ʲô
粻ǿǶ飬ԽǲԽһ飬ǲˡ
ȥŮһҵĶ飬Ůڷ׬ǮΪҪ׬Ǯˡ
˵Ҳе¶ͬ²ʺƣҲȥ顣
˵ˣֲû׬Ǯķӡ
賿ӣֻ̫¶Դδȫɪ½Ͽʹ೵
үǰ档
ıǰĿ
ǿŵľֽơ
ֶٵĲ˵ˮ
¶Сӡں졢ֽһƿˮ
˴ӳڹʹµվһš
ֶָ˵üģϧûīȻ͸Żϴˡ
ô˿ɲǳģıǳģʣµ˸иĹ
ֶٸ˿ͣ¶գүӸǮǿǸposeݵѵǿѾѧ˶ʮƣյʱվڹ˿Ͷʾ
֮ǰȣСŶҪרҵˣ۸ȴûǣԾĿǮһţֻٶȱˣ˿Ҳˡ
Ӫҵĵһ죬˰٣⻹Ѿȥ緹¡
ıŴһ죬Ҳûܰʲôæ绹Ų
ƽĶۣݹ˵൱ɣǮѣվգҲգһƬĿǮܺü㣬ȲӣҲ󣬾˵㡣
ȥʱûοͣһֱ˵˲ΪԺһСʱı
ֶϲԵĽţ⣬һŮϲԵӣߡ
ҲһСʱڼҶ˯һСʱֻһСʱ̫͸ˡ
ԺʱҲƵġҴĶ磬ڼҲţʿҲȽš
ֶ˵ȻǽڣҲ滰
ʮһһܰ𴲵ʱҲһһ
ûûֻû磬ŵӲҪ˯𴲵ʱȻҲ硣
ǽȻ˵磬յһСʱû˿ͣҲûţⲻǸȭ
̯ĵطƽʱСӵÿȭߵÿţʺϲϰء
ͷİɣǻȥ緹ֱǼҳԾУ緹һͽһ緹ͷˣһԣҲͲõڼҿˡֶıļ򣬡Ľ飬ȫԷһٸģȥ֮ѵúչźӡ
޿ֻܲԭĲõģɥżֲһĵСֵ㻹Ǳˡ
ԼС߰˶ıЦЦʱʹźȥǱ̽ףҰ־ͷչչˡүƢʱ˵̬ȲãȥǰûٰѵүûʲôģʱշƢԼˡ
ֶûүƢĶãͦõģϽȭŹʱ򻹺ġ
Һ˼ҿûҷƢǰ
ôˣֱôڿ죬ôᰤѵ
ǡүӳԼʱƢ̫ܲãƢȴǰöˣ˵ҲԵ޹ʷƢҿɲҷƢˡ
аɣСʱƤϵҲ˺Ƣˡ
ıļֻʣһˣָСӸɣ¶ҲԼˣүӿܻǲס
ҲĹ۲ǿӣȻϰҲտʼѧ˵˻ͦġл˵տʼ˿Ͱ͵ʱЩܿͷſˣ˴󷽷ģҲؼģôƶûòͷ˿Ͳͻһ
Ƣ͵øĵһ鴦
ϻؼң͸һ£ˣǿӰᵽ¥ȥסүӦһ¥ĽһҲסÿЩ
ɫѾȫȥէ¥漸Ѿûˣֶһ˱Ե÷ǳĿ
ǽǳ̵ԶԶľƼˣæֻһ𣬱𵽶ϣŲ˼
ǮǷʱԾСǰ̧ͷˣպ߶Ƿ˼ңҲֵܡ
챿׾ģ˵ʲô绰ϱ˵һȥһ׽׽߶Щˡ
ҲǴϱ˸һһһ
տʼǳܣǸܸǮϱʼҶٺǮֹϱˣϱһ԰ѹˣҲʼҶȫٲҶҶ
ǮЩûٽȻϱļϱȥгģͷжû
Ǯֻһ룬һԤӽ򷿣ټЩҶ׬ǮѾˡ
ȰϱЪЪ˺ٸɣֲûûȣôƴ
ϱ
ȰϱȰİٿǮСܣǷû˼˭ǮǷˡ
ϱҲ
Ͳϴγǰˣû֣˵˵㣬Ȼ˵Ҳϱÿ˲һСʱ޵öӶˡ
ˣȰϱЪţҲȰϱǮȥҶȥСһȥҲϣϱҲѹˣ깤ǮͼĻȥ򷿡
ⲻǷʲô
зӣӽ黹ҪһףҲܣйûû˹ǲʲôûˡ
ϱѾѹˣٰѹˣֻʣ°һ˵Ĺأ˭Ӱ˭Ӱࡣ
СܵΪʲô磬Ϊûй
ǲ֪ʶˣ˭֪Ժء
ڰڵ̯Ҷû˹ܣԺأһǰһץͶѣôһܲܿһŰɡ
ûҸϱҶСͻؼû뵽Сܣ˵ҲͦûСˣҲû
赱ϱĹˣǮˣʲôСܡ
ͷ׵ȷ飬¥ĵ½½ˣǼҵģ¥ؼҡ
ôڲŻôʲôȥˣĸ·ʵ
ȥѼҴˣȥ˯ɣҳԿҲȥ˯
ʲôѣƴ
ĸһԹһߴӳһͷҶָӵ˱ˮ
ԣϱͺӡ
ôСĺӸŵ̯ȥףвɶﻹźأھڡ
л˵
ǷһԺϣʮ


30 
Ϸᶯ, ôͷ͵ĲҶԽȴζ
ȥ˯ɡ
ھʱԹÿЩϱĺӿ󳳼Ҳûô˼ˡ
, ϱû취ԽϲŻֶ㣬㵽ҹҼһϨ˵ƲŸһ
ǿ϶ͬģϱҲð֪Ҳܶȥ, ڵŰͳ
뵱ͻ, ֲϱ, ֻܶ, 費ڵʱϱ
ϱϱǰ, ϵȼĵϨ˲Żأϰ, ջҪóĸСʱȥ̯Ҷ, Ϣյʱȫ춼Ҫȥ̯ڼҴš
һ, ϵ۴۾Ҫ, Һóʱ䲻æȻڵƣ̶ȣѱ֤
ڣϰͷˡ
ϣϱͷˣûüҽԺ, ·ϾͰѺ, ˼ֳϡ
Ը, ǸŮ
ϵĳװˡ
˺, ºϱˣŮǿ
ϱ߶ŶӽȢϱΪ˶ӽȢϱǮҲΪ˶ӽȢϱ
ŮãŮûôصĸ
ϱŮЦ۾гһ죬Ե۴Խˡ
ڴϣЦݣ㿴öÿ
۾СͣͦǷϵŵ㣬϶ǸСˡ
˵̯ʱ򣬹໹Щڻӣֲˡ
Ͼ˾Ÿ²µĺӣڶʱͺܹԣûʲô·ӦǼµʱôæҲûڣĻô
ôʡĵĺӣô᲻ϲأ˵⺢ӻôÿ
ΪӣϵĹҲ
ѹˣ¸֮ǰ⼸󲿷ֵʱ;Ҫڳͷˣʲôá
ѹˣͷǮɲ򷿡
ڹԭһֻдһֵķӣҪܴڳĺԺС¥ҲûкܴķӣĸָԱķӶгһƽġ
ӲҪܴ󣬹ؼλãǽᱻǨҲǨķӡ
׷ӣٸӸһСӣչˣȥٸӸһ׷
ڸˡ
СӣҪģС¥ļ۸û˹ĺԺͲˣڣ˶ס¥
ȻҪĺԺּҴǰסִԺｫҪǵ׳ֵĺԺ
ĺԺļ۸һ̣Ůͳ˸Ӻú飬ŮôÿȦչЩǶ׬Ǯˡ
ôţ˶ɿ
үȻͲٹϱһӡ
ϱϵһӵһֻ֮һôСķûʲô͡
Ȼ֪ķۻǣ֪ķǵ࣬ķӻᱻǨ֪Ϳ군ˣѹõѡ
˵лʲôҲ˵˵ЩĿǳˣδȵˣǷ˸̣Ҳ͵ЩĽʺ޵ʱˡ
ºӵĹ࣬˴ǰļ꣬´ҪҲûᣬһˣúú²
Ϊ˳˳ֻҽԺһԺˡ
ַھǶ˸ճСӤûһƯġ
ƯƯ̫Щ
ڶʱжɣж֡
˶˴뱲ӣȻԼϱֻ̥ҲھӼҵĺӣûһ񶬶ôڵġ
СӤֶ
ֶǹӼܿ޵Сſޣ§ſޣŻޣǵҪ߱߻βС
ϱŮߵٴӿߵңֻĴ٣˲УҲУȻС׼ޡ
⻹λߵСڣ˯ڡ
ּҵĲҶⱻֹɴӣָϰϰϻ庢ӣټһĸźӺ塣
ֶĴָӶûйġ
ֲԶֲʶСʱûô֣֣Ͳ¥Сһޣھ¥¥¶ҲˣҪڵھǲ˯ǻñ˼š
ڣճСӤһҲֻСʱŵģϵǰСħǸ˯
ϰףֶΪС壬¶ΪСҲҪſӸǮסԶҲˣǰ¥סţͲװ֪ˡ
ֶٰëǮĺǼǮһƻǸָĸӴ
һЩ֪Ůͷء
Ÿ붬ƻļ۸û龫бɸǹŮ߼ţɣЩãһƻһŮԸ
ɣҲ
ֶƻСĳãΪֲװ׸磬ʲô
ЩΪԭƽΪԭһҴ򱧲ƽԽãԭļԽϤ
ԭӦиĸҪĺӣڿ죬ѧʱƷѧţڼ¸ĸ֮ҲûǷϣȥˣ粻һĸߡ
Ҫôһӣ϶ָĸһƫۡ
Ҳ֪һȥˣһҲɣԭһǿռˣĺլԭ򱱴ȥֱƽ˵㡣
ֶٺͽ¶ǳԹģŸպøϺţָźӣСĿȥ
⺢Ƣ󣬷ǵôŲСϽ͵˵ʹָѺӽӹȥдСܺ͵ã嶬
ʵûСܺ͵á
ָмֽӲķ֣жʱûСӺСϱˣɫҲ棬ëشƤЬģϽһ˵Ĺʿɲ׼ĸ϶Ҳˡ
ҲԣϽֻСϱһӣ׼ĸҲֻһ
ҽԺҽʺ͸ߣ׼ĸʱҳϿ϶˶
ǰʱҴǶűţڲͬˣЩַˡ
̯Ҷ֮ǰָܶûô֪ʱ䣬Ͽɴϱ˵Ļˡʱˡ
Сʲô׼ĸʲô
Ϲ¡ֶٴֵ
Ҳ˵ûָɸֵĵСһۣĸԻȲǼ֥鶪ϡ
ƽʱû¾Ͷȥ׼ĸסҽԺǶȥæɨɨ죬ҲڵѴ궼ôˣϱ˵̥ˣ׷Ѵأܲһֱôšָĵĵ
Сڴôã׼ĸڵͿ϶СԴǴҪģҪġ
ҪǴϱԼѹˣʵݹСʵģϴҵǮС˹ߵĹϵܸŻЩ
鳣ûӡ
ֶٶЦˣĻʲô̥Цɿˣж̥ġ
ˣĶ̥
ʲô˼
ָȫͷԣûС˵ʲô궼ˣСϱвǺ
л˵



31 
¶缦, ûӵأԹϿϷͺá
ֶûҪûҪ, ֱӴӸԴϳ뷨
֮Ҿȥˡ
һֶٶԭģСҲǶ˵ģ˵ôš
ǻԭֶٵЩ
ָԹ˵, ˣ
С̧ͷͦ, ûһ, ûһ, ǡĿⱨһ
Ӿ
öӾĸ
ָţٵİ, ö˶˵Ľʲô
˭û¸ȥҽԺ˵ûжء
ö˶˵Ŀ϶ȥ, Ǽ̫, Сϴѩɽ, ֳȥ, ĳԲʲôöӸ¾ûˡСǺȰټ̳ģͿʼԺ̫ˣĻӣСʱ򣬾ȥ
ֶٲ, ֻ˵µˡ
ԭδЩ֪, ԽҲֲֻ, µĸİɡ
ֶٲ, ֲװ֣ƫ۵ͷӾ͸ģԭǰĺá
õĺӣĸȴ֪ϧ
ָʱȷʵǴǰСӣûڶʱСӡ
˹ģڰʵТ˳
ˡ
ѹԸô࣬ѹֻ׸ѹֻԹǡ
ָһ˲·ʮ꣺㡭ú꣬⺢ô϶гϢ
ûжӣǾֻŮ׸ˡ
СҲšԼһģ㡭Ǹʵ۶
ɲʵ۶ֻ˵ŮĽû˵ļĻеĽ
ͲԺ𣬲֮¶ǰѵҲ
¶׷׷ȥˣɷ޼ĸб䵭һ죬¶ͲҪӲ¶ȴģ˻˼һˡ
ϳȥˣŮĺеʲô
ָһŭһǽǣ飬˵ʲôˣѾˣСӲôȥˡ
û˼ҽ¶һӣֲˣôһɵôС
¶û뵽ָӦòڵôϹģֻķݶ
ȻϹǸʵ۶ҲϲʵֶۣոպãǰûǷֿƶҲܡ
ָȻǣСôĵ¡
ǰòڿ˹ĵһˣڸɶɵһģûϽˡ
Сϱڻܴպϣô죬˼ҶŮ˫ȫͷĽô죬һŰ򱱸ˡ
ൣɣǰ
˲Уĳϡ
Ҳûûжӻȥɵˡ
ָͷۣƫƫֲܷƢСӷƢûʲôСϱ﷢ƢСϱȥ϶ϡ
ԴŮ˻飬ָͺŮҲ߶СӲᵽ˵Ĳס
ָпԼ׵ʱһ򲼻ĸϵžҡ
С
źӺѾӿ㵽ȥˣһ߻ŻĺӣһͷĶ
СҲ̫ˣϱǰѹСܾͺˡ
ĶҲһ
ľȳ̶ȱҪСĶ࣬ϱСҲֻһŮΪ߲ڣƻûʵʩҲǽʦȴĽ
ûǴĻϱǽ¶ȥҽԺ˽ⱲӻСȥˣӵĸǱϱҪá
ɲ˵һŻôꡣ
Ҳһ̥֮Ҫĺˣԡ࿴źӵɷ
ûӶȥΪʲôȥ
ϱⱲҲֵȥʩˡ
ֶٽ˴󷿵һشˮʩʩȻȥ
еĶָɣ紵εƬһϷ˵˺Ӧ
̯Ӫҵһºֶٴ㳹̯ˡ
һһбϵˣ廧Ӫ
˵ģָյģʵҲ廧⼸û˹ܣ廧⻹ͷһء
ʱˡ
ıһһ֮̽ǰֶٶδļƻпһڵ̯紵ɹȷʵ࣬Ͳһˡ
ֶԭǴ㿪һһɴӰݣṩϲֺܻữױټϸս˿϶ڻɴϻǮԱȰڵ̯ջҪ׬
Դ֪绹ŵڶ飬и˵Ůǣ뿨bug׬Ǯֶٱ⡪ӿɴӰݱ
ʹˣǵнСġݣҲ˵˻Ǵ¶Ҳûãȥ̽ס¶
֮ǰ˵˵ģ˾ȥ̽ףǶʱɩǵѾá
ֶһ뵽ҪôõĻͷԻһϣϵû̽ȥ
ܸ飬˵϶ǽףʱ벻ҲǻǵץϾǲ֪׽ʱ䣬һأܺ̽׻ȥ·ϳ¶һû취չӣ϶ܿ顣
˳Ӹĸ֮޸ûҲ˳Ӹĸ֮޸ˣʱĺϻֻѡ
ˣǰͣˣҲڼЪһЪڼèߵϢĵϢܲȥ̽ס
һǽΧ۾ɩǵһͽӴӹŴŮǡ
¶ҡڣǾڼȵȵϢûϢϾûָˣʱȥ̽ס
ǶŰ꣬ڼĵϢ֮Ҳ̫ܴˡ
ûԵҲǿҪһ̸ֻ֪ס
СҪϢȻҲҪڷż٣Ҫ֪ͨСǱߣκαڲͬ⡣
ǶϢˣһܸЪ죬ôҪż١үüͷ壬ѧУûź٣ǾʹЪˣ
ⲻǺݶ
۴ʲôĹҪڿҿңɹܸһЪ£ҪǼܶͳ
λϡ¶˵ֶҲҡ
ǹҲǺ󱲣Ҫ̫վ
˵ʲô˵̫䲻ţ˵̫ʺϳţůķè
ʮҶڼϰ࣬ûȨġ
ֶ£ֻܵҸոû˵ףʱЪҵϢǣûϢҴʱúÿһµ棬ֽǰ첻ǵ𣬾廧Ӫ
Ҵ˾ĿӰݣһӪҵִգ˰ΪǹҵĽһССֶٿĵ
¶ҲŵͷԣǾôģϹȥ棬ʱڼúϰױǿӰݣͿԸṩױˡ
ү㲻ˣӻҾ͵ǵĺϢˡ
ûסЦӵ˽⣬ұ֤СһǴϢһʱģǿ꣬ӦҲûôС

֪ƻֱҪЦһ仨ˣүү̫ˣ˴ǰүү̶¶
ûҵĽ֮ǰӰݾȿɡ
ǿ¶ðŷӦͰ͵ĿڣҡҲæ
ֶ࣬ҪǿܰæǿȥˣοԼ⼸Ҳװ޵ʱǿӹȥæ
İģô֣ʵǲķĸ̯ӣֻǱһá
ڣȥ棬Ҫ飬ֶѡů͵ţžͽԭ򣬴ҵֿ
ⷿװޣӪҵִգʽϲʽɴ
үÿʽȵ£ֶٴ³æβ޺ˡ
ԼҲԶҲϰ϶Զ˵㣬ֻվ·
ֻ䷿һգһдˣһǷװ䡣
װҲΪ򵥣ǽˢףһƬǽȴ⿪ɳ·˴۾ܿ׵ĻɴͺӲӵϲյķһССİҡ
ѷװһǽĳɾӣϧ򲻵ôľӣֻȫһױ
ûҵƵĵطԼݵƳү֣֮ľʵңúдż֡ݡ
ƿݵţƬǽֶ߰ٺͽ¶˵ĺգȻǽա
Ƭ֮ô٣ΪɴֻһףϲֻףһСģһ״ģװյġ
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32 
ֶٽܹĳﱸҵʱ, ڳӡ
ָȥϰ࣬ĸȥˣһθɷ¶
ʱ, ˾ͲˣڳĸѹˣǮȥӣӽǳۡЩҸ㽲ûʮҲа˱ˣ֮ǰһ㶼, ÿ춼Ϩ˵ƲŸһ, Ǻú̸̸, 㵽ôģѹ, ³˯ŵСŮ
ϵͬѹúܵͣǲ, ô˵˾׼𣿡
ֲǹ쵼, ǽ, ǳ˵Щ˭, ֲɵ, ϱ˵ʲôʲô
ȻͨǾͲˡ
ҪǲǾ飿ᣬҲƽ
ʲô
ϼԼˣΪ, СĺӲŸ¡
˰, 㲻Ҫ, ˵Ӿӣ
ǲ಻Ϊ
ڼ, Ѿúˣڸ֮ǰʹҵ
ϱһ֮ʵһӣӷ𣬺ӺûϢ
˵ûбһ֮ϲУ
ʱ˵飬вҲ滰
ʲôû£ûĻ¶Ϊʲô顣
˽ϣһӵˣǲͬġ
Ȼܻת˺üȦ֮ϹȻЭˡ

˵ڣ˷ˡ
ϱû֮ǰţϱҪϱӵһ£ÿҲĵΪٳ
ˣֲࡣ
ȥ֮ǰܸ߰裬Ҫʱһնࡣ˵
ͷҲôġ
һԣѹСܡͦ׵ģ׸ڽңԽҵģȽҵģסҵģҲˣСˡ
ûжӵ£½˻Сܡ
νݹ˭ҪǮӵǮҪϴĹѳȫͶϡ
ȥС̸ĹȲڷװ칫ҵĹԼ۸Ͽ϶ǷݹߣҲڰ˰ٿ顣
Сӿ϶ǳǮֻǲǮݹϾͷ˭Ըȥϰࡣ
֪򱱲Ǯϲ֪飬֪Сܺ͵öǷǵҵ꣬һûл
˰ٿǮһСĿȥǷϵİ٣ҲҪİٿǮء
ǮСܿ϶òԽÿ¶ʮǮĹʣҲǺָܼܻ׼ĸǱߡ
ھȥСܡ
ܵңȴ˸գûˣֻÿھӵѯʡ
ϵǰСӣסǰǶ¥ϱǷװģӲ̫ʹ˹ȥҶ
һһͳˣǽңס¥ԭǸҲȥˣȺصģҲ֪ʲôȥˣҲ˵
ûʲô¶ӦͶȥˣȻôԵôãСӶ֪޶ٴˡ
أһ㶼
ϵһӦݵͽСҹϵȥˡ
ٹɡ
ǰ¥סô̧Ⱦܵ
ӣһˣﻹûˡ
ߵӣûˡ
˵Ȼûˡ
һֱ˵룬ϲڼ¥С·ϰ˴
壬е¶
ֶƣ壬˵ûˡ
һɨԤĿҵʱ䣬㹻ѵɨá
κκֶֻͨţʣȫЩ
үӺͽͲ˵ˣܶĸִһӡ
ǿΪͷģҲǸɻ͵ģ᲻Ϣ
ĿǰѾѧСѧ꼶ϲˣȱԤ뵱пö࣬ѧϰϾҲˣɻҲҪҪڴɨʱϽžϢˡ
Ǵͷȷ¹Ϣֶ٣һٺʹ˶ô£û취ƤҸɻ
ԭƻĹһ͸ˣûĩ೵Ȼһ򳵵ġ
վС·ϣֱֶһƨڻ̳Եϡ
˶Զˣϲſڰ˵
˰ٿǮһݹȥǷϵİ٣ֻҪİٿǮֽ𼴿ɡ
æ棬ֶѾͲİٿǮֽˣڰһңڵĻʻ̫Կˡ
ȻҪҪݹ
Ҫ򡣡ֶԼࡣ
ȷʵóİٿǮֻֽȰͷԣҲ˽㣬˹Ǯ𡣶һǷϵİٿǮԵҺɩӻúü˲ܻء
ϱһǮ򷿣ǮҲûҪǰǮ˼㰴ǷԼõһ껹һΡ
ֶʵûж˴
裬򣬲Ҫ磬׸磬ҽ۲ˣҪûʲô¶ҾȻˣĲҪ㻹˰ɣǵûǮС
ǰһ꣬һһðǮˡ
ּڲƲҲֻʣİٿǮǣˣģҲָĹûϵ
ȥż׸ˣּ˵ͬڼ޳ȥĹּҶԳŮĴǱ˴֮䶼Ҫ̫ߵҪŶԡ
ֶŽŲߣͷңÿǼһ¥үһס¥ǿҪˡ
ľƣֶ٣ûҵúϢϢڶĵϢ
粻֣֣ƫƫ׼ҵʱ֣ؼܵȣΪλѾ࿴ˡ
үӶ֪Ǵ˵ġ˵ģæɵǣˣҲģ˵
ʱı˺;һˣᵽˡġˣııֶŮ࿴䣬ҳͷûкʵˣæϴϡ
ııֶŮϵȷʵеƣѹôʱ䶼ûţ˼ŵġ
¶Ľʵ벻ľˣæʵĽסĶͷôзʲôҪ󣿡
ȻүӰæ࿴ǿ϶ǰŮҲ˵ˡ
ʮߣסĺܽӾڽͷииܵܣзҪǽתһóһ롣ı˵СͦʵģҲÿǸĸˡ
ү̾˿¶ģҲǿСһûԸôߵĲ񣬳ȱݵġԺЩСҸȫˡ
ĿԣûĿԣ黹źӵҲԣֻҪзǸȫˣĲûҲǻ졣
һŮңתһһܻһˮĴ⻹̸ʲô̸û취ĸĸ̸
¶òУҪ̯ĸĸַӶϾϵ
ܲ׵壬ıһˣ̸̸¶
ѾǾʱˣʱŮԻǿƿԼģ޲ޡʲôˣ˰ĸ˵˶㣬Լ˵˲㡣
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33 
¶еŮ, ֬٣º֪񻹴һ
ʵ, ǰԼŮһͷаĶ̷毺ãɫŮͬ־ǱȽϺڵġ
Ҳԣⲻ˷紵ɹ, ɹҲ, ̷϶Ƿרҵʿ, һʱʧҲ⡣
λ, з࿴𣿡ĵ, ϹɬЦ
ܱǸҲ࿴, һ, ̸̸
̸ʲô
¶̫ϰҲϲ˺㣺ҽн¶ֱӽ־Ϳ, ȻͳƺΪͬ־Ůʿ
㡯ƺˡ
Ĵͬ־̸ʲô
˵¶, ʱˣǰвͨġŮͬ־Ӧñĸȥ߲飬ǿԷġ죬ҲŮͬ־֮ҲԻ
ŮϱӼ޸ı, Сĺ, ʵѾǺ, ıƷӲ, ҸĸŮҪûı󣬻ָҪʲôء
ϱıľҲʱŰɫĻ˵ϱʱܺѾˡ
ܺŮʿúúõģǰܺĹš
軹ţǳױˣϣΪԼĲ֣ļһˡ
ֲڼҴӸ޴ӷĹŴαѭŴЩŮͬ־͸ðЩӹá
ȻԳĴһ˻סһʱҲһӣ˵ļȲ׹Ůֲ裬Ҳûôĺ;
ŶƪŮǵϲͬ飬¶ȰԷú͹ŴȫȻͬʱ
ƤȻ֪λ㡭λͬ־ȰģڸŮͬ־ɣʮĳһŮӱĸȥ߲
ĲҪ
ͬ־ˣзĴеһ룬ȷʵҸĸ˼Ҳҵ˼ǿȡ
ĴеһһǶԸĸ˵õĽףϾҪԷ޵ŮĶ
Է޶ŮȷôǰͷĴŮͱһһʮǮĲ񣬵ҲǸС޵ǰһ죬͵˲ͼĴҹˣ֮ǰԭʮǮ
¶ˣ⣬Ϊֵ۲ͬ
ʲô𣿡
ǾУܳ˶࣬з涼û⣬һ˵ҲôĲȥȢġ
ûйѧߣûглڣҲûƯ˼۱Եĳ̶ȡ
ϲڱĻܳЩˣзƱػЩȱݣӵģǷã˳ó岻ȫ
Ϊһתһ죬ѵһλȥú㡣
ʵĿͦȷģȻʵˣҲ˵ʵ
ͬ־ܲ⣬ͦ׵ģ޸мҵ׵˼ң˵ҲСðӵķգ޸ӵģ˻еԺӻ̫СȻҲҪóҲСҪкʵģԽܸҡ
ͬ־ȻֵСŰӣҲõó֣ǱҲҪͬ־ģǲᲹҵģҲҡ
˸־ϣͬ־⡣
⣬ô˵Ҿˡ¶𾪵ͬʱ˷ܡ
ΪһˣһС˵ߣ˭ûʹأͲֹһεĻֶ
˼һ㶼ǴӹŴģ˵õɬأ˵õıضׯأļ⣬ŮǴˡ
׵üһЦǸˡ
ҲǸˡ
Ŵ˵ľִֹѵ˼롣
¶ɢɢ֮ǰɶˣŮǲҪˣֻܺ档
ҺһֵСҲͬˡҲ̫⣬˺Ҳɣ˵ɨǴιϵ˾úͷۡ˺еˬ죬ԼǮôôʲôĶԹ˸ɣ˭Ҳܲ벻ӡ
ܹ⿴̸ֻҪУԶʮ塣
ⲻȵˬ
ͨˣ¸ܻѶȣĿˣվ¸
˵뵱˵ĸţ϶Ҫ׬ܶǮҼû£Ҳôڿ졣
Ҳϱӵ¶ˣ˲ֲ̨ѬıѰ˶ǽһࡣ
ѰձӦǸģһ׬Ҳ˵һϯϯϲȻġ
òھðһСլԺڶͱģԲůȫײ㣬ȥץ͵͵ģΪǼƲ
ϱһգⱲŹ
޸ͥõкӵˣţҲ̫СǿԸɼֻͣףιԼͬʱúóԵĺ˺ͺӸɻ
¶㿴㣬йࡣ
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34 
йĵƪС˵, ¶ֻǵôµľ飬ϸ룬С˵ȷʵ뵱е
, ӣɷƷʶȥ˵ǵһŶͯ, һᰮ, һ̶Իر츳
Ѿı, ıһ˶ͺĹСӡ
¶, Ӧúҵһļͥ, Щҵһı󡯣һСް, ҵĿԺٴδԽࡣ
ÿ˵뷨ͬ, ÿ׶ε뷨Ҳͬ¶ͼ˵, ǿϲ˵һ顪ϻ
ʵ֮ǰҾ˵, ֪պܺãҺϹһֱȥ㣬һϻ￪ꡣ
׬ǮᵽŵĿ֣ҲͲȥʲӺ裬, ҲΪԽ, ΪҸҪӵķƱ
ûʶԷô˵, ĳڴǳĺ, ϾҼһסôаŵĴӣļҵķ˸㣬˶
ԼҲˣҲϲһЩڷⱲӼ˰ɡ
ˣٶǮҲƸӡ
ͬ־ʵǱǸ־ڴˡ
˵˳ӡ
ͬΪ㣬¶׶ԷĹǣ㲻˵ٿǷܾǿ꣬Ҳȥǿķӡ
ʲôӣѣͬ־ԡ
¶Ǵֱ򣬲գȻûֱӱ֪ԷǴӹŴģ˵Ǻֱӣʳ⣬зӣ÷һҲãռҲգ㣬ǮԲǮʵĻѵǮ𣿡
ǣϹķӣǴbug˵ķӷҡ
ֲװǣǿǿ˫Ӯ飬ŮԸ⣬Ҿһ׬ǮŮԸ⣬Ҳǿֻÿϧѡ
û˻Ǯ֣Ҳ⣬ȻΪʲôҪͥõġ
ֻǹҵģ׼˽Լ
꣬ͷһ˽⻹Ͷѣ·ǺЩˣֶɹ׼
Ǯ˭ҪСȲҲðա
˽˿ꡣ˵ˣ¶ҲûټȰȥúÿǿǣңû⣬͵ǽѡ
֪ŮǱĸõĶ󣬶ԼԸ뵽¶Ͳṣˡ
ŮҲǧѡѡıϣŮҲĺɡ
ֶ֪ҲֻǸп춼ϢϢ
ǵë޶ѽһӹŴ˲ڵĴ󻷾Ҳǿģڵľ˶ҲǾлŸ˦ӸɣҲΪ֪ʷ
λ˴ɩϿ칤̯ҲΪ֪δԲôĵӡ
˵һٶ˥ߡֶĿǰ㴦һϡ
ʵڲǼ׵¶һݣûôװεݣҶһµʱſ˵ʳӣȫˡ
ԭ׳־ſbug׬Ǯֶ٣ѾɰˣΪ˵ľܾģѹעصλ滮ϡ
ôģôõ𣬶оõˣʮʮĻУԼ޸̣ƽʱ޶ǮӲТ˳ҲǮϣ飬ҲܷһʲƲֶ²۵ڵ裬Ǹ˼ҵѱķ
һŵģøɵҲøɡ
ҲȻٰ˼ݣҪҵˡ
šơԭ򣬿ҵǲκˣھݶ롣
ûпҵҲûֻһҺڣһ죬ݱʽӪҵˡ
ֶǿЪЪˣ桢ִաϡҹЩûֵܰݿ˾Ͳһˣջױţдɨǿӡ
Ϊϰ壬ֻҪÿˡ
Ҫ𣬲ҪȥҲǿӣҼǿҲˣò
Խֶǹһ
ϣ𴲵ʱѾߵˣǲ˯ãûҹֶҲֻ˯ʱˡ
ܳȺ緹극ȥϰ࣬ǿʰ꣬Żױֽ֮һȥֻʣֶٺڼͷ
Լƶ˿γ̱ѧУʱϿ¿Σһ۱٣ٲ£еҲϡ
ֶأȫΨһǸʮ֮ǰѲ
翴ֽů͵ʱȥͷ˵ʱľбһζֵ˶ĹĹңС˶гֳͱȽˣֳٵСγȹ١
ڵ̯ҲԽԽˣ¥ߣͶ˸̯عϺͳӵ̯λ
ֶʵģһȥ˺üӰܿˡ
ȥѧոѧỬ־û˼ˣΧǶǳ˫Եģֻǹһˡ
Ϣûֶ٣ȥˣŮڼѧϰϰ࣬һ˴һүӵ顣
ӹģøĻ˵Ӽ϶ûнҵŮ
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35 
ֶеʱ, ּҴھڶμͥսһλΪŴҰԼĹˡ
һҲΪ˹Ĺ, ҵְˡ
ָϢûȥͷϰ֪࣬ϢʱѾˣֹܼ
ϴûһָɨѽʵʵ˴һ, ˶ܽ, ϴ۸ǰô, ʲôһ, ýֺͷ붼֪, ⹤϶Ǵϱġ
ǣǰʱҶ׬Ǯ, ȹ׬ǮҪ, ᶪҶ˭, ̯˭ܰڡ°̯ľѾԽԽ, Ǯʲôʱ򶼲һ㼱ֵİѺ·ˣûӣָ֣ù˰ɡ
֪Ͳͨᵹֻ϶, ָˡ
Ҳʲô, Ǯ, ĺԺļ۸Ҳ˽, СĵֵռĺԺҲҪǧǮѾܵһˣһ롣
ү˵ĶԣҶ˭̯˭ܰڣֻ̯ԽԽ࣬ԲҪڻҵʱץһǮ׬
û˺·ǲԽӦü͸ɣڰ̯ԽԽ࣬ҲֻҶСĺóԣЩӣһ
ȡܹĺԺǮ
ȻķǰүӵĹҲˣҲŲ˼꣬аûնԸүӡ
ָú޲ðӶˣӣû󷿷ּҶΪиڡ
ָڶûͨԼʲô˼ҵĺʵϰ࣬ڿТ˳ĺһһס
ϴ֪ϱģڼһȲ˶ϱһָͷ
Ů˻ҲûûýӰûùŮӰļͥˣôҲֻһ
Сӣɵˣȥ˽ȥŮƹˤϽţڼ¥ƣĸСһڽҲˡ
ⶼһȺʲôӣָû취ΪԼϷϾûһӿססҲֻǮˡ
ϱǮȥˣǮӻТ˳Т˳Ҫɶûˣָô۸ء
ȥ̯ϰҲ԰æڼС㣬ܰ׸ɣøǮ
ӵûǮס
ָ͹سƤḶ́  ¶ݵ⿪ʼࡣ
ǽݣȴĽգǡüױͷ
ĽգʲߵջеһνͷǲڵģǱ˼ƬĵĺҲĽա
¶ȴȱͷͣһͷźüСһ
һüëǮһҲǮһȫױǮһǮȫĿǮ
ѾӰĻˣӰ֣⹤ѣǿҲֻտ϶Ҫ˿ͽǿڽ뽻ѾûжˣԶ룬һףôͨ
ԣǿĿǰд˺ͽˣүӺͽ¶ǵԱ
ԽԽֶ࣬ȴЩǡ
ˣԽԽæҲζǿӻܿûʱؼˣǻؼ񲻾ͱΨһˡ
빤ֻƽֶ٣ǰıķ̣Ҳ
ûжķ䰲ñķɺ϶Ҳͬôݳ޵Ϊֶֻܰϣŵϡ
Ӫ겻ṩͲͷĹӪ꣬ԱһԲԵӡ
ֶҵ¿˽СݣͿζ˽СݣȶһܵĲԣ緹٣˲ͣش䣬ͻš
ҹӳˣǾٻһҡҲָ֧廧ҵˣȷԼñ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ֮пȥѣǮŽǮֶ˽͵
үӶû˵ʲôȻôͦ˷ѵģ֮ǰҲʡСʲôʲôţٹҲҪ򣬶ĻƹϱҲҪ򣬲ȳСӱˡ
׬ǮҵĽ¶͸ûˣϹӻֶ㻨Ǯÿ¶С
ݵ֮ڼ¥Ҳסˣǽ¶Ļױˮƽ񣬰˷ֵòܻʮֵ֣ܻɾŷֵˣ˶ܻˡ
ڽַھǵĴ¶һĻױ׬׬һСϹóȥ춼ܳԹӡ
ֶٵĴʱ䲻˵쳹ǣڱֵѾǿڿഫˡ
ŮҲ࣬ϵľ͸ˡ
֪سǣȱľҵ꣬ǰҲֻڼҿϣ򱱵ýֵϵһЩҳδҵһ·
סô죿Ůܼ޳ȥҲܡ
Ǯô죿Ů𣬻˼ҵȥ
سǵĺӺǵĺìô죿ҸзӵĶŮ׸ȥ
ֶһ֮ŮĻƣȻжŮļͥŮʱҲ˾衪ҺóС
ֶٳ˽ֵˣּҴ󷿵֪Ҳͣͷûº˵˵ӰҲְͣн˫˫ѹȥڵ̯Ҫô⣬Ҫôǰڵ̯̫׬ˡ
ôҵ꣬δѧ򱱵ŮȻҲѧӰڵ̯ġ
ӻģĥԼƾʲô
ҲЩⱾģ֪׬ǮֱհᣬּҴʲôǾʲôּҴȥʲôط̯Ҳȥʲôطڡ
ûݣ¶һ˻ױ׬ǮѶ̫ߣҪıǮ󣬻ữױ٣ܻõ˾͸Ƿëˡ
¶Ļױˮƽʮ꣬Ƿٷչʮ꣬ʮĻױˮƽҲ൱õóֵġ
Чµ˶࣬ЧµѹûУһݵȻ
ֻսҲ޷ƽԹһǮһյȫҪ
ץǿѧͽѧϰ෨һǽ̣Ҳǽ̣¶Щˡ
ѾѧСѧ꼶ˣŹٽСһҲԼ˼٣ִԭĿγ̱µģѧϰȥݰæ
ǿӱȥѧͽ֮кǮľͱֶٺֶ꣬٣ꡣ
ڹôæȷʵˡֶ֧ţҪæҲץ׳ҲܱһȥӰá
ں֮ǰֲһˣǰٷԸ廧ûб̬ȴġ
˲֮ǰб̽׵ڿԴ󷽷ˣұùͱˣǿûṩסޡ
л˵


36 
İ嶨˵¶, ʵʩǽүӡ
ǰЩСĿо, ԣһױѧͽһ෢ѧͽ¶
ֶһ䣺ѧͽҲһۣûʲô˵ľ, ȫָء
һһ, үӶˡ
, ǰйҪд, , Ҳұ֤нƷһãоʹ, ˽С, ǹ󡣡
͵ˣԱ뿪ܿ
Ƕġ¶ɵ
, Ҳָˡ
һϡ, Ӫһҵ껹ףүӵƷ˷Ĳˡ
ֶٺͽ¶ϲϰ࣬Աүϡ
йֻǵһѧͽ¶㹦, 潻, ÿðٷ֮ʮķֺ졣
˰Ѻ鰲ŵװ, æй, ˰ŹԱ˱Ҳ˼Ұ£ڸڹ֮ǰүӿݹݳλϣȻûʽΪݳѾ˹ݳ֮Ȩֻ嶨ˡ
ͰŹһʱɣ֮ǰϱ˵ˣȥ̽׵ģҪǲܣݾֻܹˣôԱɾûˡ¶
˵ˡ
ǰͰӣҲͦ׵ġ
ú仰˵ΥģǰЩȷʵףһһ͵æܵ꣬ΪԼ
ǲӦ͵棬Ů˵Ҳеǰǳ͸øɴý굱ʹ
ڼǶʱھͷöˣҪҵٸһ¥˵Ἰꡣ
үֲɵһһǸҪȨڻ˵ϻȰ
ҿԹܣиҪֻҪǴӦҾ͸ɡ
ҺǸٷ֮ʮķֺ졣ֱֶӵû֮ǰıꡣ
Ŀǰ󣬰ٷ֮ʮķֺѾˣүӵ˽⣬϶ߵнˮ
˱£˵үӣֵܷǮ̲סСһۣܼӶ
òŰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮУҵҪҲæװͱˣŮŮæϽҲͦ׵ģҲǡүЦϻȰĻֻȥˡ
Ͻӽװ𣬾һֱ𿴹ֿܲ⣬ôҲûŲλãС鳤û
ƽĶۣͷϽͦõģַʱרŷָϽĸɲһ¥
һֿԱûʲô˼ֻſڣý˵Ǽǡ
ϻʱҲ緢ûСȣ̯ϸţͬ顣
ǰڳͷֹƶȣûлϽϽŮŮԼĵ꣬ôϽʵܸʡ
ϽڵӦӦԺϽܣǰϽ쵼ϼϽɻ
֣ۿɵôӦ塣¶˳ĵ۾Ρ
ֶٿүӣս黹Ľ
֣ɵðǡ
ҡĶֵӣܰʲôæ
ʲôᣬ·
үүر˼ˣүүͿˡæ
ֺǺǵĵүүڿ޲ˣҲСҵ磬үүöѧϰС
˿յСȣ̧ĵȥҽͷⱲӶɡ
һӶˡ
ֶֿ˻·үһˣ⾪ϲˣãһһ
ȥվ·̫㣬ãûĻ̫Σˡ
Сγ𣬵ֳ԰ˣʱǿӵųɺں棬°Ͳüˡ
¶Цӯӯģ˾ÿƿƺúףһ 
ݵ֮ʵѾȰˣȰȥϰ࣬ȰִӳҪôȥϰࡣ
ʱ򲻿ϣû뵽ת
ݱϾԼ⣬ʱɣ꣬ȥҲС
˫ϣ˵ֻŻȥ
ǿӵķӦȴҶҪһģǱǾ벻ʱ򣬶Է˵Ҫ£Ҳ潪ˣ¶һڴ
ĹܿȥˣΪˣ۸ֻ˵Ǻʣûкܸߡ
ĵ죬ֶپͰֳƻˣƵġ
ϾǴһ򳵣һڶȥˣĹԭԭǴģκһڶﲻˡ
̫Сȶ̸첲Ҳûô
ֶٺͽ¶ǻгģһʼѹûֳӵĶôƽֻ
Ȼʵȴǣöò򣬳Լ˼룬ʹ
һһʼΪǳ⣬˼ҹԱû⣬ǻ³Ҳòס
̼Ҳţûֻϵǿӹֳֻƻ
˲һСʱŵ¥
ˣֶۣ¶Ҳۣ˵Ĳֻ籧ӵߵÿ졣
ԼĲӷĿ⾼Ķֳ
òǮɣǲǱгˣѾͷ㻹
˵۹ⲻ̫ãѡ˸óС
ֻ¥߲ȱгֳͷһ˶ϲϡ棬οһл˶ǽֵˡ
һ磬׷ͳһΪױճһ
һǱֵŮĻƣ˵ӹñȵҵ̫ү
˿˿ˡ
֮Խƶ
Ҫǻױ׬ǮҲֳᴩô
¶ҪȲҪ¶ȣҲһ򲻵޷ҲϴްǴʱ˵ľ£ΧźΧѾͷɰӡ
ֶٱҪǼƤ£ȸյϥǣɫĳ治ӷ׵޿㣬ǵë㡣
˱Ĵ´͸ʱûϵˣް޿㣬ϻЬͻͷñȥֺ
˵ĲжΧ۵˾жֱ࣬Ǵҫֳ
ĸŶӴ¿ﶼֵָģСӹúãĵҲСӡ
ǮСϱģ˵Ǯͱ仵ŮҲһСֲһܿܳ
ںͷӵǮҲǷֿܵģͷͷģġ
ϱÿ¸ʮǮĹǮÿܴӻʳʡ¸һ飬ҲûʲôĻҲˣȫҪ˵ĸġ
һ¶治ҪСˣôǮӼýӼúӡ
ĸûܿãСŮǸڵģⱧŲػţòͣڼߣһֱֵСһ˯š
ĸ뿪ˣӻſڴ⿴
ô죬ûӣӳȥ̯ûӸȥ
ֲԶŽ⣬ûСּҾͺˣȥˡ
ֲʶ²ŰʣֵСƨɣȥ
ĸһչӣԲӳţôҲ׸ðڼ
ͷΧ۵Խ࣬¶״̬ԽãȻ²ȵˮ·ĶǹĶôΧſµˮ·Ҳܱɺ̺
̧ͦͷո΢Ц⣬֤ÿһǶȶģץҲᱻץա
ֳֶȻûôˣӣǸʼǮкܶ˿һĿ
ֶ⽫ſ죬κ̫࣬ԱˣǰͷҲˣؼС޴ֱ֣ĳֱӸ˸ء
꿴裬ֿ֣˭ҲȣֱӴȺ߻ؼҡ
ڼϴ֣˱ˮ˰ɳ˴룬ıֽˣ١
ְأ
¶ıһѾְֺСء
СһֳֶӶƳСǹ񫣬ﺹ۳ˣҲûˡ
Ҳǽ֪װ¥߾ȻôСӣ˵Ҳʮˣһˡ
л˵



37 
ֶڴӺȺصʱ, ŮѾ˯ˣŶѾϴͷˣëɡ
ֶ, ͷ󺹣ʵ̫ˣһüˡ
֪ôڣͲӦһʱ, СΪһС˷ܵ, ûѵһֳСȥ
̱Ӳ, ֶ뻨ǮĴ, ȱľһɳ, ִϢɳ
ֻǿ̫Сˣôһ, һǿһǲ, ͷѷŵһɳ̼Ը
, Ҫҡ
Ҳ֪ǿӻ᲻ֳֶٷ
Ųûϵ, ҲûֳΪ°׼ģǿﲻˣָܲүӰɡ
¶ΪֳгѶȸͣȻڰѿزס򣬵ӳ벻ᵹ, ҪѧӦҲ, ֻ⳵̫, ûѧ
ǿѧ, ̼Ǳ߲Ҳ˵ˣг˷һʼԦֳ෴гˣǸѧᡣ
һͨͨϲãų֮Ϲֳȥ֣Ǹүһϲ
ֻܵүԼϲˡ
Ĺ˳ӵĸӳ˹ȻӰĿ϶ǳ˹ǳ˹СŮ
ֿ⿴ԱӴ򽻵ʱ࣬˹ͽֺܶƢ˽¹ϵԽֻ۸֪سǣļ۸ҲˮǴߡ
˹ҲǸϲռ˵ģŽŮ֮󣬱㿪ѽͻؼ¥³ʱ򣬺͹ŮһһѶ
ЩزֵǮزҳӵģҲͳԸϡ棬ϸͺǳ˹ЦǺǵ֪ϸӹúãöҺ͹Ůô䷹
öһܰȥЦ
ָᣬϸɲˡ
˵Ц䣬Ѿţ˵ζ
ǳ壬ǳŮΡܵҹŮ¶¶ǰģŮ꣬Ҷ򱱡
˹ǳڼҲ˵ϸŮ
ǺóСӹŮ
ϸôԼŮſ϶
˹ǰҲңǽ¶һһس֮ǰ¶ˣСû仯ͦġ
϶Сӣǽ϶ƯոµıӣӰϹŵŮʿмСԡ
ϸȷʵǲһˣžһʻ
ֶٺͽ¶ѿ˴ӹȥռһ˺ɹɵĺϺһС̳ۣһС̳ͣѬ㣬һͷ߰˸ӡ
˹Ǹ̸ģʱ˵ֶټӽȥ̸֮һ߹ĵط࣬ϲ˵صһϢըʱԷ˵ʲôܽϼ䣬ҲֵһԺȲ衣
ͳ˹ԵЩнСﻹʮ꣬һǶԽ¶ǳĺ棬׼ȷ˵ǶԽ¶Ļױ档
ϵ¶±֣ͣƬֻὫĿܿƿ
ӦͿ˿ں죬üëϸƯϲ𣬶׹ϵСӺ
ڵʱ򣬽¶Ǿ̬ע⵽ڹ۲ʱ򣬼㴩ſɵë£Сûж׸⣬ҲԾɿС
СѣκһεŮͬ־ûױͺͷ򿪻⣬Ҳǽ¶óġ
ԣ˹٩ɽ٩˵ʱ򣬾ͼ治ô˵Ůüɫġ
֪ӦźģСһֱæųڼҴʱ٣ò׻ഫš
Ӵ֪Ųţ⿴̸ֹ֪СǸˣϸôϲŮСֲǺóС
˹ֻôſɺޣѺö˶һѵôĵˣ֮˵й֣Ǹмصˡ
мصֶͿ˳ŵʱ򣬿ſͣŵĿĿ⸴ӣôã̶ûأΨһĳ֡
֣úøɣȡʱһ˾Ӫһҵ꣬׬ǮСӣҿȥ
ŮǺȴˣ
һơƶѣŮǲ̫ǳ˵
¶쿴ؾǲ֣ϹǺˣижǡĵΣǴĶŮˡ
˻ССԴְִѾ˿һ̾ˣȴǰһ̾ĶҪ࣬˵Լȶϸˡ
л˵



38 
ż¥ȺֵС, ֶôֳˡ
˿ûҲǶС޻˵֮, ͷСǣֳͨͨô˷ܡ
ֶԶֳ±Сǵ
¶Զֳ⳵̫
ǿȴǶ֣ԹͳҲֵú庢, Сںĳ, ¥, , øɾĨϸϸɾ, ֶҪ顣
ֳ°ͷ, 벻վ·ڵι, ĳ̫СҲ, ֶǲȥݵ, ¶ҲץʱѵԱȡϹһ̱ڼͷС
ⲻ֪ϰͷһ죬ֶپͺˣôŮһȥģҲͲôεˡ
ǻسҲСˣɼסС, ĸͷһμ
Ȼʰĸɾ, ͷȻԵİ׷, , ڷͰ׷ѾһһˣϵҲԣܷʮ˵ӡ
ĸһͷڷ˲˾ҲᣬͿ˿ں죬˵ԵģôĸͺʮŮˣˡ
֪ĸ䣬ǱᣬӦҲܶ࣬ϾţһʮŮҲʮˡ
Ȳ衣ֶٳ˱ϲõ廨͹ȥСûӷۡ
Թһԣ۾ŽϵĻͷЬεУոտŵʱ֪λڵ̣԰亰̡
ռñִҰѿ۲˸飬ŰĿŵŮŮϡ
ͷأ˵ѹˣΪڼ
Ϣͨ˹ֶٹݵλӦҲ֪
ȥݰæˣҰ¶
ռƵĵ
ֶѵò֪˵ʲôãͬ飬ϾѾֿסһˣǰûֿסʱ˵ҲǷַԭûз޵ӣα໥ء
Ҳ໥ţĸɲŶԡ
ǰʱ򣬳õĸҪάϵĻԼ
ڷƽ˾ˣҪɵݻˣҪ顣
ഺʧѡʧЩɣҲûаõĵ
ֶһɴ򱧲ƽĻȴŲ˵Ͼڲ֪벻룬һͷĸ̸ͷɲ飬ⲻǺİ컵
Ҫ
ҵĵһ죬үǰϴƤ£߸˴˲˵ҲԸĨ˪ˣ˺ӡ
ɲ¶ɵ飬Ƽء
ʲôʱռʵ
ֶ٣ǿ϶ˡ
ȥл˵ڼҵ
ֶ򴽣ɫҲ
Щ걻۵ɣӵĸ˶ݵʩǸǷ֮䲻ģҲûҪŹȵڰɡ
ֶٳϣһʼͶλĸƫƫ͸ˡ
Ǳ벻Ұ֣Ҫż飬ǾһϰҰ֣ܲһ϶Ȳ˰ɣż飬ҽԺ̫æֻһļ٣
ռüͷûϵ㲻ȥȥ
Ҳ˲ˣæͲܶһ𣬽⹫һȥϰ࣬ɸˡ
һҪȥ⹫
ռÿǰСޣġŮ¶µĺӣõǸɸɾһ㶼࣬ǲ̫ò
Ҫȥϰ࣬ҽѾ¶ʮˣٲȥҪˣҲӰ⹫顣
ֻǳλͽͷ˴ﶼ͸ˣˣڲǲ
һСʱ¶ûҪһˡ
ֶһΪԼ͵еڣϾӦôźҲȥݣñĸ˸ա
ڱĸҪ룬롣
Ȳܴĸ̸¶ûֹ˼Լȥˡ
λֱڿĸԼܵȥǻȥ
ֶҲ᲻Ůһ̬Ӳĸ˶뿪
ҴȥҰ֣ȥ¥ԱߵĹӪɣǵʱȥǶֶٵ
û˼˰ѿµĵ
ռõ˵ͷԸ緹⸽Ҳ㽪ͷؼûڱ
ֶһ㶼żˮˮŽŮš
ȹʱϹʻʱ䣬£ҲֻаСʱ
ôĥ䣬Ҳ˽ݡ
ʱĹ˿ͻͦ࣬еĽյģҲרŹױġ
ءЩϲĵҺò⡣
ʲô¶ֶٰŮŵһԣǰȥ
Ǿֱȥ˷װ䣬ӦøĽлױ䡣
м׼ӣڽĵǹȥæױͷ˵ǿԼǮһһͦ󹦷ģﱾæµ˵⣬Ǿ͵òʧˣҺڶò⡣
ֶĲɵĵ˵ͷµֲ㣺ݵΪⵥͲˡ
ڵֺ͹ڻûҵʱ
Ǹ֣뵥˵˽¡
أʲô˽ܸȴ֪ء
Ů˵ԭίԭ顣
ھ߰ɣȥ˵һ¶¶Ǳȥ˵ĸȾˣ˳ٵƽĵ
ˣǰռðȥʱ֪һܿͻ
벻ʵҲûЩȻû֤ǹø޲ࡣ
ֶɳԿҪȥȻûֳһֳΡ
Խֶͷһδ⳵Ҳǽһ⳵ںš
Ҫĸ飬Ҳ̫˵ˣЩݻҲۣҪڳͷʮ껹ָʲôءҪˣҪ飬ĵ⳥ʧֶߵĵ
ڲƲָҲԿ
áǿÿ鶼ĸԸģû˭˭ãҲҲҲûҪ˺Ƥ󡭡
Ҳˡ
û˱ƻ飬ռü޸ֻҸŮͺռøıһռһֱûôӡ
Сʱ͸ˣĸŮĸһֱܵ
ŮسС꣬ûռãҲûȥҽԺռҲһֱûǡ
ͣڷװ¥ĹӪֶ꣬ٿ³Сܹȥɿš
Ƥ¡ΧСƤѥһ㶼ĸ
ֶﰵԵͷȫ̳䵱ĽɫţӣѰɫ־ϣ¡
ճ緹ռãͻȻеҭ
Ϊ˰СӶ˵˰ɣ
˵ˣ֤Ҷˣھȥɡ
һһ侲ֶҲһѣҪָƲİɣ
⳵ţֶٰϳûüΪĸأԷѾ˸ʻϡ
аɣҪķޣһҲΡ
εĴֻһˣɫ糣İڲƲԱʵʱҲֻ˵֮ǰѾˡ
⳵Ǹոյλãֶٲûĸϳ˼ڸʻϣҲ졣
ȿȥԺ
û˳ոǮλҲûֹ˾㷢ʻԺ
òװ͵ԺֶСʵˣ
ȻҲûвƲףΪĸȡס׷أ뻵ˡ
Ͼ˻飬ܻʱĺ飬Ҳ⣬ĺŮ͵Ƿ־ӶѾһˣڷ־֮ǰʾǸܸģ߸ʽ
ֶٿ⣬֪ɲˣ֮ǰĹĸĹȻǸøģû־֮ǰĸڼԷǮƱȻҲҲ
ȻĸûȡķӣүҲǿġ
һɰǰ˵Ķɲ
л˵


39 
Խ·ûκӰ, үÿֺǺǵϰ࣬Ͼʱ仹׼
ҹϾͺȵģƽʱ, ȻǲȾƵģҲٺ
ľƷܺã֮ɫǺ죬ǲ˲Ƣ, Ҳ˵, ˵ķӦƽʱһġ
Ϊ, Խ˭û, ûʮӾ˯, 賿ֱıѣ˺һ˯š
ͬѵĽȴշת, Ҳ, ɴഩ𴲣ǰѿһ, ӻǹ, ܵȥϴ˾²ˣ˼˷棬һ˰˾²˼ڶˮȡ
ϼʮԻڵĽ, һˮ, һ궼ؾ, ûʲô¶
𴲳ϴʱ, ⹫Ѿˮȣıʾոչ㡣
⹫ôô磿
˯̫ˣҹ˾˯ˡ͵ϴȥͺ𴲣ھͰˮˣǴһȻͻꡣ
ɲ˯СҲͰˣ𣬻ǴһôʱǲЦ
ɲŮŮˣСڶѻ֮˯ƫҪڱš
ͷѾը˼ѣ۾˵ͷ賿ıȫܼʱ򣬵һ󣬰ҹһαӦҲһңӾûˣɻǰˡ
һϱΣ۾ˡ
пӣֶٺͽ¶ƽʱҶ𴲣οҹﻹΡ
⹫˵кܶŰ꣬ǾˡСҲҪȥ˼Ұꡣ
¶Լģ۾Ϳʼë£ֶٰͷͷͼװһţɰͰ͵Ŀʼ·
СϴʱͽѾԼǷˮˣŵʱ򣬵һ˾Ѿˡ
ڷװ˶ʮ꣬ĹѲ࣬Ҳʮ˼ңꡭеడ
뿪ʼһˣ˵ʱŰϰˣʱ͹Ӹʮˮǡ
ոհ˵ӣͶѾһա
һǹ绹ǰٻ¥Ὺţ̯Ҳ˻ؼҹ꣬ûطֲܿյĲ͡
û취ֻܰѰ׼ųԵĻóֲԲ֡
ֶٺͽ¶ѾȥһȦˣүʮ˼ңôöϵá
֣ݻȥ𣿡¶̫ȷʵȥٻ˼Ұ
ֲ˰ϣݲݶУǶȥתת󲿷Ҳʶ⼸¥ھǶݸС
һôˣûȫסôһһݻȥ
˻ôֽ࣬ŰҲ
ʵһֱʮ˼֮⣬СӦȥּҡ
СԼûᣬּҵҲû꣬Ҳûһ磬ɣݶһ
򱱺ͽ¶Ϻ͹࣬ǳҪݵģֵסǰ¥˲ȻͲܲŰ꣬ĥ䡣
򱱺ͽ¶ּڵǶ¥ŵ󣬵ּҰʱѾʮһˡ
ôأָ
̫СˣðԾûֶٻش
Тӡ
ԴسԺСһڣָؿھơ
ǰ¥ôľ룬˶֪Ůүү̣ʲô׼ѹǮء
ˣ˶ûʲô
ָĸȴͳ˸ֽҸѹǮǸӻȥ
ƮƮûкȵĺֽһŴŽᡣ
ӺСŮĶǮĺʮǮ˭̵Ŀأģһһֱûʲôæ
ָüͷӸѹǮ͸ѹǮαǿԼأ˵һΡ
ָӶͳһǮֽңҵҲӹȥ
˭û׼ء
ûǵİһ꣬ѹǮһ㶼ǼǮһëˣָΪҲǱȽϴ󷽵үүˣŮյѹǮ϶ࡣ
ֶҲӶøֶӣһϣǰõģÿﶼСͰ͵ֻһǮ
ֶԾǰˣҪϱˡ
һͷϺ͹Ҳ˽ңڷСܺ͵öڵʱͬʱ˿
ϲΪ飬֪˹ǷСܵİٿǮһֱûϱ˼Ǻ֮ǰõһһ껹һΡ
ֲϱҲ˼ܵܡãԽүӣҲЩ̧ͷֱӽүӵ۾
൹ΪŲСӺ沣Ϊ¡
²ˣǰ¶ӣ±ȥ
ԶԶĿ¶ݣ겻Сܴ󣬿϶׬
û䣬ڿܲ罪¶׬Ķ࣬Ƚ¶Ͷʣ֪һķǵ֪ȱǨ֪Ȧж׬֪ЩᱬһرÿŮ
ڻûֳӮֻûռϷˣռϷ֮ǰСӺ没
ԽǲƫƫԽ׼ؼҵԷ·ꡣ
ϺŴ˸к
Ѹһ۽¶Ǹãô̵·ҪŸ첲ߡ
˵СϱҲǺóˣⱲ֪࣬˷Ǳˡ
¶žﳣ˵ԣǰǧﱼȥ£׬ǮˣСӶˣͼʲô
ɣɩһȥأ˵ǰ̯׬˲ǮİٿǮڻ£ͱˡֱֶӿڴծ
İٿǮϣ缸򷿣СĺԺѡˣܲǰ򵽣ͿǮڻˡ
ϲֱӾܾͷҲԣȻ׬˵㣬ҲѹˣǱ߽ȥˣͷҲûǮ 
û˵Լ׼򷿵¶ǵСӺѧ׬ǮҲȥ򷿣ɲռıˡ
ȥˣҲ̫ˣҴĹ͵˰˾ŰٰɣȻȫˣǷǮҪǮңǿ̫Т˳ˣҸʰ·硣ֶٸ߸ߵɤ𾪵
һûϰ࣬¥߶ˣֶٵĸɤһΧʮ׷Χڵ˶֧˶䡣
ϾͲҸطȥˣ಻÷ֱӽŤͷˡ
ֲֶֻ¶һһ߶ȣͷǽһ
ˬ
Ů⻷ⶫҲһ
¶ûסЦǰ걻ץĵľס˱飬ЩȸԾĲӻǱ¶˴ʱ顣
Ȼģĸоˬ
ⱾʱʮŮǣ̶֮޼
ǰŶԷǹ⻷ΪжԶԶٴ򽻵档
Ϲȥ֮󣬺Ҳûʲôͷû콵ףҲûͻȻˤʺ
¶΢һ²ӣҪСģ⼸Բ⣬Ƕݡ
࣬¶뵽һǡģ׷ĵʱǺϲģɣҲ֪ûҵǡ
л˵
ʮ


40 
ǰ, ѹǮԼţһҲ⡣
ֱڰְֺ, ʮë
Ȼ⹫үү̸ĺǳɺϵĶһŴŽᡣ
Ȼ⹫ǿģ涼һԪ
үүĺëĸĺë
ܹһʮʱ۵˽, ЩǮѾ㹻Сѧеѧ, ⹫֮ǰĹʡ
ѹǮϤŵǮ, ЩǼҵ򷿻֮һ, ʱ׬, ǮǮݴ׬Ǯ, Լݵķֺ, ͷˡ
ȥŮģֶٺͽ¶ֱ, ɵʮ˿ë˵ĺ, үӵʮëĺǿӵʮ˵ĺ
үӻͷһյѹǮСʱǼЩҲûʸѹǮˡ
ӹʱжο򿪺ʱж࡭š
ܼӣ
֪ɣɳ, ÿζֵ, §Ǯ, Ǯ
үĥȰСǮ, ǮԽԽ٣ӷǲٵģһȱǮˣ˷ӾܰǮ
ǰǮŽոУǲǮܡ
ǿÿµĹʮ壬۵ʮǮծÿ쵽ǮסûǮ·ָ綼ð
ϺѾ˿ʮˡ
ǿӰǮ˺ü飬ŷŻӵ£ŻծǮ
ֻؼҺ󣬼Ĺһپʮ飬Ȼһ֣ԼӦǰõǮóˡ
ǰּʮǮ
ֲˣϲǷˣǮû֮ǰ϶սǮģһЩǮϣҲɿɿ졣
ǿժСŽмĺм£ܰǮˡ
һߣһûսӵѹǮϱǲѹǮģⱲӾͲСǮˡ
ӵѹǮţŮѹǮֻˡ
˺ģûģĸӶһһͳ
ӱøһ֣и֡˺ҶдԼ𿪿ɡ
ֻֽܹдšСֵĺ𿪡
һһëһһʲô˵𣿡ɻһ㲻ǰˡ
ĸûʲô˵һǮСӰģ˭֪Сϱ׬ˡֻһǮϴƼͷԹСӣһǮһһǮое֣ͷһëճһһëһ
ӵĺԼţĸҲû
ʣҲˣһֵģһëġ
СǼּëĸ
ԼӣǮأֻ˴ֶŮëǮѹǮ׬ˣͷôôأѹǮҪѹһͷ
îһɾĹ࣬ͳ̯ˣĲǲҶС㣬ҼһȣڼǺ«ϸгؽֽ׬СӵѹǮ
***
ΪĽ¶ȥ̽׵ļƻӺ˶£үӳ˳Ϧҹ˾ƣҲûĵطҵĵһء
ԭƻǴҵλүһΪ׵˶࣬״лױŮͬ־Ҳ࣬ΪΪɣֱӿҵˡ
¶ǰ˰࣬һԱѵԪ֮ǰβˡ
ʱӦù˵Ľ¶ֱץ˺ü׳Ҫǵ֣Ԫ͸ϼҴ˵ģһֱϵ³
³һڴǰеĻ𳵡
֮ΪѾǱ߼Ĺˣ·ˣҪ͸˼ҵˣԤʳҲˣүΪһҹõĲϼˣѧСѧ꼶²鱾ҲĹȥˡ
ֻһаһװŽ¶ױƿƿ޹ޣаֻΪᱡס
ֶһֱ̽᲻£ʵϴη𳵸̫Ӱˡ
ڣԣһŴպһСᣬȫ̶ǳ徲ֻʱ̫ãԵ̫
ϴΪ۷ˣȴһû
¶³ΪСԾٳʳƷֶݡ
ҹг̣ǳԵǻϵĺзֶĲ˵ûʲôѡأֺֻз˿ǰͺǷ
͸ĺжˣ˿ٴףǹ̡
ò˻𳵣Сʱĳ;˶Ҫɢˡ
Ī˵һʼͲֶˣһֱԾֺĽ¶еˡ
ͷõ꣬Ϊ»𳵡ϳ;λֱţڳϵʱ򻹱˯˵ˬźȦİѾǾˡ
л˵



41 
û취, ڵߺͣĬϲռģ˶ٵ¡
³ʱ, ǽ¶߱ſаֶһŮ塣
ȺмˣٶЩǱСˣֶٵͷ, ¶Ҳ໭õüëֱӱһ롣
˴ӻ֮Ѿ˱õı, ŵ˵Ĺæ
ڽ¶, ͬ־϶˿žõļճ, ˾Ҳ˧ı硣
ոնžӻüë, ͣǰȴһÿͬ־Ӹʻ
ǵȶˣ֮ǰ˵ʱ, ץ˵㹦򡣡ܺ͵
ҲǸյ¶򿨳, СʵĶ
Ҫڿɣ
˳ɶѵĴܲͲ, ԼͷСӡ
¶ó, СʱֵܸߣҲС̣һЩ;ô죿
붼ͷƤ顣
ܺ˳Ž¶Ŀ⿴򳵶ԭ˾ֻгɹ߲ˣ֮ϲ
ʻҺС泵, , Сûʲô, СèСһġܺ
, ǿģ˵С̣Ժһʱ両ֵľСǷ˵ӣСȡ
¶ԥ̫˼ͬ־ȥʻλӦͦİɣôݣǸСӦˡ
ֶԼȥɣ͵ˡ
ҲСܺ಻⼷һ
˾֣ܲȥ泵뿴С̡
ôء
¶СϹһСˣѵŪˣͰ걧
ֶӣûôùɣϵĿյػͦɾģĿһ³ϵĿյСǵĻΧܲӦܱܿ
걻ܲϣƨװ˺·аץסǰǣֶһץסΧһץŮףǰĿյֻڰС̡
Բ۾ȦȦβͣȻǷˣÿһֻȳȵġ
µҲŶʮӲֶپʹܲˣƨɶˡ
ҲܲϱŮڿյϣ濿ܲѣǰͷǺߺСӣֻڽֻһֻȫԴ϶һС׵С̣Сһܹˡ
С̵Ķ䣬С̵ԴȻûܵСһﻹ˲ơ
ֶһԿͦ˵ġ
ǳ˵ֻСľֻȫǺڵֻԴһףȥһֻͺͷĺ
صСʱڵפء
¶ӳʱȶģֶһߴǷһ߰ѺͺͷСĹŮӳ
᲻ãҲֻܰͺͷСȥһǼûط̫ԶˣֻǾǶڳ˿ͺͳԱľ޴ݲС
֮ǰԣèҲУڹꡢЩԣСֲֶߺҲС
νϴοѼҵĻƽ˶ſˡ
굹ûҪ뷨ûʱչ˳ֻǿ鷳
ܴȫƽŶԺܺұȽ¶ҪСԺﲻ˼һķĲ˵ء
Щʰģǰģ²ֵģ˼вס֪ǽ쵽ǰüͿʼˡܺ
Դ̽סºȫÿ춼Զ˯ʮӣΪҪȥʳˡ
ǵ·˰ϴ˰ŴɨֵҹҲõļˡ
̫̫ڿܸɣһʼһ˹ãҲˡ
֣˽Լúܺá
ͷѾʰˣֶµģﻹһСѵδİҲΪһҡеİ֪ǼҪ˹̽ס
Ұôô಼ϹıǰЩдŹȥˣֵĻŻû
ǼҵĲѾԣһһһ·󣬻ðһµĴˡ
ϲҪƱĲˣ־һ룬ǼˣĺҲˡ¶Ц
˵Ϲ̫ɣǮûнƣλϵʱֲأ̯סˣٿǮϣ˼ֱӸͼȥˡ
ҪƱҲû覴ãô᲻ҪƱܺ಻̫ףһǴӳͷġ
¶ҡҡͷ̯ģڰڵ̯ԽԽ࣬ĶҲ廨ţʲôС
ⲼпܾǴӳģȻҪƱǼ۸ҲûȹͰٻ̵Ĺ˵򵽾׬ġ
ɫ̫ûϲģ˵Ҳ㡣
¶ȰѰİ𿪣Լһ׻ױƷ͸ܺͬ־ģľ͸ºԶֵģ͸һμֱǸıģ͸ĸһƿȸ硣
߲Ǳ߸ŮѾζܳȥˡ
Ѿˣһֱڹͷţĸ˼鼦ͰСݸС
òóԣó԰ٸС
СҲ飬ٳˣǾͿ
ĸƫУҲʢ˼ֶ١
˼ֽм죬ʱҲûš
ҼǼӦҲ쵽ˣѧ·Ͽ϶ϹˣȻˣСǼҹŮˣ
żֶٳջش𣺡·ݾˡ
ǿɲСˣ׼ˣôĿԴСġ
ֶüٵǸŮġ
ʲôã˵ڶŮϣҺŶס˼ңҲڹŮסţɼûãŮޡ
л˵


42 
ĸŮ˵һҵ, Ҳֻ֪һڣ֪еŮսǰ֪, ׼һϽ飬ں׼סͬһ¥ƽûչ׼ҡ
֪зŮɾŮûǲе, Ů, Ҳˤ谡
ŮŮ޵ĺ, ޵ĺ, 㻹, Ժ֪ˡĸȰ
ҲùŮ˱׼ָۡ
˵ʲôŮһɵ, Ƕɵ, ǰҲǡ
ֶٰļ鼦꣬, λ˼, ֲ裬ôĹʲô¶̬ȺܺõͬǼŮĸ˶ӵĸ
Ůָˤĸ
θС鼦Ͱͳ˸뱥ط˾л, λȰҪһܵܵĻ, ֻ˵ǰˡ
ǰ, Ӿܶһݷֺ, ̰æ滮źδʱ趼Ҫ̥ھ͸ˡ
ȴôһԻܺɫ糣˼뼸ʮһգ˵ֻסˣ浽յһ죬Ҳδظĵ˼롣
ǰһֱϴڣͨˣ̫̫ôĲҪûŮ̫̫ŮҲƫĸӣ෴̫̫չӿɱСʱĶˣ͵ֲ̫̫ˡ
ǮҪ̫̫æ
裬С׼һƿȸ͸˵ŵ㣬˭ҰƵ˼ѹŮݵģ˼ҰѹŮɱ񣬿ɱһˣ˵˼룬˵˾Ϸ⽨Ҳ±
ôҪˣ㡭Ϲ˵ñô졣ĸС˵˻ܵſȥ˿Ժû˲˿
Ѿͷ֪ŻҲ˵˻
ǲҲǺϻ˵ˣӶรŮƽȣҲֻҪһ
ĸҲŮŮϲ˽û˵˵ˡ
ĸ죬ȿСİȸ磬ЦӶ嵽һȥˣ͸ʲôŮӵ¶ˡ
˼ˣҲ˼ҵˡ
¶ҪھɩϣҹĻСʱĳ;Ǻɩǵ뾡뵽ɩǵȥ
ԳԹ󣬾ŴӾмĹһӹӣϹŮиСֱʱ·С㳡
͸ոǻһС㳡ŲˣЬ׵ġ·ĶУûġ
¶Ųѹӷȥ˲塣
ӪǼҵݣѹءûؾͼôණѹô󷽡
¶ÿλɩúУھɩǸڳİϣӿ֮ǰʵǰҲûӪʲôϡ¶𣿸޹أҶбѵҲȤҳ
ҳ˵
ľɩǣûвĵģľɩҲߴա
̷ľɩȿڣҪ˵ϡ¶ǻҡӪϱˣӪȥܣǱ˦˸ӣֱϱһڶ׵ģұкüָӡ
¶Źӣľɩ˵ԴĬУ˵Ƶġ
ֶС㳡Ե
źɫ׵ɩſڣ˵Ӫϱ̫̫û֮ǰ˿ɶˡ
ӪϱģҲϲüױϱܵ
ױĽ¶ͻȻָĸƫۺҲʲô¶ȻĸܣϹмܷĹˡ
׵ľɩˣüױôˣ˭
¶ַ˼ѹӹȥ𳳱𳳣ǽϡ¶ܵ¶ͱˣĵ㰮¡
λ̷ľɩǾҺްɣСһ鳤ϷĻ˵÷ûʱͶˣһͽˡ
͡ˣ
¶ǵİ£㲻Ҳܰһ仰顣
ðɣС˵ˡ
ΪԴ뵽δӹľ鰮£Ҳ̫˰ɡ
¶ɺɺסڼѵҲ˵еĹš
ȫ·žҪһЬߵͷװɹڣҪǵصķԺ͸۳Ǳߺÿᡣ
¶ֶ꣬ٺֻһ룬һңһߣǵϣԭһǺǻˣǱߵ˲ģԭûٳԿһҲǱ
ֶٵͷ˿նյŮԭǸаС⣬һСȥСԣֹСҪҲ
һ뵽軳ӣֶûסЦһһСתͷ
ûʲôֻǾáùĲֻǡ
Ҳһˡ
¶ΪϹ˵ԭһڣʲôЦģϾͬˣҶ뿪ϤĻˡ
ͨغǾȥ۳ǿ¶ЩȻĵˡ
ԽƬ۳ӦҲûļˡ
ֶٹүǰǵģֻһ˴飬ûҺӴϣүÿá
һڻһ»˸磬Ͳ
꿴һɳ̲ϵĵӰȻմ죬ڷ͵ϣĴ㶵㶣ڵĺڣȿˮæСʱŰˮտ
***
Σػ·ϵʱȴа֮á
ֶ٣׷ѰĽ¶е˰ѧϰʱ꣬һһһԳԶžлˣ֮ڣҲҪˡ
ֶڼЪ죬ȥĺԺķּۻۡ
ûбѡֻһ
ֶү˲ٵطŷͷĺԺΪǰЩʱĺԺã˻סĴԺһĺԺס˼ңĺԺжʮ˼ס⻹ôû
ֻмĺԺǶŲ֮٣ĺԺֵȨܹġ
ֶе⴦ĺԺϷ䣬Ҳ䣬᷿䣬ټһһܹҲֻʮ䣬СԺ·ʯ̵ģҸһʯ
ؼԺλúãСǻ帽У⸽м֪ѧԺѧϴѧðˡ
СԺҲ㲻ôʰסжĲһЩԺԭĲƽĳɷˣһ˹һ
źӿ⣬ɺ׷޲ڣ˼۸㣬ûë
ֱҪһ顣
ֶѾǸմǸ۵ɵˣһʲôĺܡ
СԺѾü¹ȥˣԺӻûȥѾ֤һڰһʲôλˡ
ǮŵǮһ룬ŮǮǿ롣
ǵģȫꡣ
ŮϻﵱεʱǮǶ԰֣򱱻󣬸㻨ǮȥóԵҲǮǲģŲǮɣҲɡ
ֶٴǰȻụ̂Ͼ˶Ǵ̵ģĿȾ֮£ԹɷЩҲİݵĹɷݻǱȽģͶ㣬ĹɷߵģֺҲߵġ
ֶٿ󣬽¶Ҳ˵Щƿƿ޹ޣװѾͲˣȫӵǮǿǿŵǸ
ֶ飬ǮչҲҪۣȻǱԩͷ
һʵ̫ˣǧɣ
Űḻ۾ֶûŲϿ⴦СĺԺˣҲ°ѷܣһΪҵĲ򷿵ľͲˡ
ǸˣԷЩˣ˵򷿵ģЩҧһǧǮˣ©ġ
ͬ־СԺȫ׵ļҾߣļҾǶߣ㿴ϺõľģҲһġȻ򷿣϶ҲȥĵطôøɾĺԺһڼ۾ǧ塣
ֱסĺԺ̸ֵ֮Ǳǧ嶼ֵġ
ֵҲҪֵܱ˱Цԩͷ
ǧɣ͵ǽѡֶ̽
ãͰǧ˰ٿ飬ҽˡ˫קҵסĻ˻Ρ
ˣǧϵļ۸ͷһγ֡
ǧ˺ͰǧͲ˰ٿ飬аɣһ齲ǧˣһǧǱȽϳɹһνˣǰҲֵô˾͸ˡ
ֶ١¶ݵķֺ춼Щ֧ֶٶһһǮǮŷڼĴŴչ
ǩͬ򷿹һ죬ֶٴүӺǿһǱҲˣ˫мǣŵĽֵɲҲڡ
ȿۣǩͬתһĿ֮󣬰תʣһķ
̸ӣһ졣
ӵǼд˵֣ͷǵһǽ¶ٺֶ١
룬ݻûйţ⽪¶Ҳš
տʼСڰеǮó¶ǲ̫ͬģΪһ׷ӣֲסôǮġ
˵ҲԣɣϻǮҲڱ𴦻仨ڱ𴦣򷿣벻ܣҲήȥ
׷ӵȷƯֳǣֻվ·°෽㣬ͷװ¥߾΢Զ
¶һˣΪǵĵһ׷Ϊ⽫ɹһͶʣͶռֻķ֮һǽ򱶵ֵأ˭Ժ󻹸˵Ǳˡ
ĻϲΪ¼ѧУܽ
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43 
ߵ, мǿ߸һңΪ̨׵Ե, ʺϸסֶٺͽ¶סңסҲҡ
үס᷿պһһ䣬᷿һǿӵ, һΪ鷿
䷿, һΪ, һΪԡ, һʰԤıķס
滮֮, ֶٲſʼãǶ᷿ҪһŴ, Ҫԭĺľγ, Ļһ׵ɳͲ輸鷿ΪǸŮ׼, ҲҪȥľﶩ, Сõĸ߶ȡ
üҾټϴɨѾѮˡ
ǿӲ˵϶Ҫߣүȴǲ̫Ը⡣
סúúõľͲȥˣ˵ݻһվ·أһʲô
ϽǸŮŮס, ǿǹ, ֳϽ, ȻҲøȥ, Źȥʲô
ֶָܰһ˶һ˹Է⡣
Ұķ䶼׼ˣҰַڣһ׼κСǺȲ졣˵ˣҴӱʱӪҺúչأҪǰһȫܵһطȥסǻչ𣿡
һ˵ãֶپ͹ϻһףȥҪǿǵҰֺǿӣ°࣬ʵڷŲĲ£ͷٲġ
ôҪǿȽűϾǲ㣬ǿأҲֻ°ֳںѡ
ܸȥĻҪôˣҪô͵⳵ϰܹ࣬ǲ㡣
ү̾˿С򷿵ʱûҵ¶ֻСԺƯֳסԺ϶ס¥ֻǡô졣
סķòڣǿ϶˼ȥ˼ҿ
ҵסĴ㣬ǲӭÿҲðٷ֮ʮķֺ죬ֵ꣬ȥֵַĻֺԵٷ֮ʮǮֲǮô͡ҿҲͦϲСĺԺģסһ꣬Ҳһײ͵ˡ
ȵĺӶǵģһ굽ͷҲûļ٣ȡһ껻ûһȴպסšֶŬ˵
ʲôӣ¥ĺԺƵĻ߹·ɴ
үӲ㱻ƽȥˣֲȱʲôӡ
зӣһķӣһӶϼҴڻôסһסңһڿ̣һܲܵȥ˯ɣԻǵ򷿡ǾȶСĿ꣬أ׵ʱСĺԺأ״ĺԺ
ȻܻӣСĺԺĺԺǷˣС࿪ʮҪ̭ˣԽԽֵǮ
ʾˣֶٻǻģ򳵣Ǯ򷿣ҲǮţڼǮ࣬ϢǺ΢ġ
үӲûоýۻǣҲΪǮ˵кһģֲǮ
һһ׷ĿүӾô
˭˵ݵ˾Ͳأ˻ܸɡ
ǾͰᡣ
ҰҵĶ󣬾ɼҾ߲ðᣬֵͲΨһļҵֻүӵȻȺ㣬Ҳûȥ·ЬӣҲֻװѣֳһ˾͹ȥ뱭鱾ֽЩٴһϾˡ
ү뿪ֻ֪ʮ໧˼ңǹȥ·ů
ţȻסھӣƽʱûȻò֪
ּңȫֶһ⣬ֶٲȥ˵Ҳû˻˵
һӰߵ¶֮ھʹ¥ʮ˼ů󣬰СԺؿ䡣
ŶԺʮ䷿ԺӴƹ̨Ͻؿǰͷˣ֪˵Ǹ᲻ڡ
סû꣬û֪¶
˼ҺʲôֲϽԼģǺТ˳˵𣿡ڴСԺҲЩӷֵ¥ˣ߯С߯ϴԺˮܳˮĲ𣿡
ûأ˼Ҳ䣬вŮ޶С
û˿꣬Ťͷһ·Сܻؼҡ
ҲСԺɣϼСԺûϲסƽ
ĶӣװĳСʵҪϼң
ܻȥأһð㿴ӣھУϽҲСԺҲ򡣡
ҵĴҲֻϼҸСԺеСԺСԺĺԺأҪסӴԺһǮܼٶҾûˡ
ô
µϽѾͷǮˡ
˭˵ء
ھԽǹϲĸԽζ
Сס϶ŶĺԺˣǰסĴԺʮ໧˼סһ׷СּøˮҪŶӡ
ɰô¶СӶûһů׼ǰĹҲǣؼⷿСϱģŮǿʲôϴӾ֪
ͷ͸ζˣ沺СǰԤ뵱еķƵ·ϡ
ϱӣľ沵ӣػһñǰˣ油øˡ
ͬڹ࣬ȴ˿Ǯû֮ǰסԶźأüΡ
͵͵˵ǮǲҶãÿҲøһëõʱëʮˣ׵ʱ϶ܴոС͹ȥ
ĻǱһ껹һ٣һ껹һ룬ܰǮˡ
ָֻӲıϱСıϱţ罪ͷء
¥Ϊ¶ꡢּ飬ڵ̯˾Ͷ࣬ϽĺԺ鴫󣬰̯˾͸ˣǰֻǻسûй˳̯⣬ݵġѹøŮͬ־Ҳɽˡ
ɰ̯ķӵֵȻǺ󻰣°ᵽĺԺסļҲ˳ġ
׵ֶٺͽ¶ֶµģͲøүӶʲôСĿ꣬λ˼ѪһҪˣŹȥѵѵѵۼܡ
ĻнүһľڹԱ͵ϣʣһľķ֮һСֺСķ֮һһ档
˲˲ʮ꣬ү˶ĳһǹһǧĴ󳧣õľһҵǴСãЩһֱڿⷿûκι飬ҪѧĻء
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44 
ĵĵǿ, ˹ʣҿ·ݵĹʺǮȫˡ
Ϊѧĳ, ѧУΪѡˣҪֱҪҵμСԣûӲǲеġ
ҪľǡӲ򡯡
ĩ³ֶһֱΪֵæ˵ǷֵʵҲ̫ǡ, Ϊݵ빹ɱ, Ǽ, յ뷴Сͷ, ռô, ŵڶҵ꽫, Ժ
ڲƷе, ԺṩĿʮ϶ûȣӪҵǺ֮ǰĽһ, Իױͱ෢Ϊ, ṩü񣬵Ҳ˻ĿǼҲˣʦѼͷҲӽ
ӪҵɹݾͱߵԺȥġ
Ȼ˵Ӫҵ̫, ɽ¶ṩ뷨, ֶٻͼ, үʩ, ֶټ๤Ժװ޵С
ͷ¸ɴ಻ֺˣֱȥͶµꡣ
ֶٻʣһ𶼶һңҵĻˣõģһġ
ͶǮĲһڣүӺͽҲͶˣͶ˰˰ٿ顣
µװ޵춢ţǶװ޶ӲΣװ޽ʱֶԼҵװ޶ӣµүҵװ޶Ѿ൱ˡ
ͷĶӳˣɻļҲһˣʣµһнũҲгҵꡣ
ɻϸģҲ͵ϣûؿֶۣٸԼҸɻû澢
ӴЩҪͬ־ǣȻҲɺֶڿ̾װһȻθк׽С
Բװ޶ԼǵƷ֧װ޶Ӹոû£֮ǰװסլ⻹ͷһװ޵档Ǹͼֽڽķ񶼲̫һǼʮװ޷װ޶ҲʵΪ˱ֶֻⷵڵˡ
ԸŮѧ죬µװ޶ͣˣװ޶ӵʦǷһļ١
¶Ҳ˼٣ѵҲˡ
ΪװǴɫװֶ٣⻻˰׳ºӣ¶͸ˣΪ춨һˮɫȹǰȥͷ
װģͨͨɫԲС׹ӣϾɫĵ
ʱǿӰæźգѧУſڣŵպ˫չѧУæźա
һк÷̵ķϣССһա
վ͸Ͽ뿪ɣﲻֵĵط
ֵֶ˺̹ȥλֵܣӰѧģܴܲǽȥһУ
Сѧ׶԰С翴ֻߵС
֪Сѧ帽СſⲻдءŮСѾѧСѧĽ̲ģȥ׶԰ǵӣԲСѧֶٽ͵ٴδӰһ̵ݹȥ
Ȼǰڴţ̵ķϣС绹ǿŰ˷Žˣ쵽У⡣
ֶźŮţԼŽȥˡ
Уãѧҳ
ֶٻʽԼŮһͨδŬɣһѧСѧĿγ̡
Ů˱ҵ࣬С״ԪһѧУġֶܽᷢԡ
ͷ׵У˷۾ǰܻ𳵵˾СûȫͳҲû״ԪѧҪӦȺͰ
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ģɾ˺ܶ࣬Щ


45 
ֶû, µľСûȫͳʮ˲֪ҲڹĲλǾ͸, Ѿһµװˣװʦж͵ȥ磬װʦǶ°࣬͵øŶ°ࡣ
ⲻֶڨЦȴһŮ, УδԸһС, ֱҵࡣ
ôⷨ
ڰ༶İβô򽻵, ǰѾѧҪ
ֶ, ͷĬ˵Ķʵ
Ů, Ǹšŵ費ֶæҲ, Ů츳Ҫ, ڣСС;ѧСѧγ, ϣֱӽҵࡣȻˮƽ, 㿼
ͦģҺܻѡʱ䡣
ҵѾһָϰѧУԱҵһ꼶ͨԷΧСѧγ̣Ծ꼶ǰոİ칫
ǾŮ԰ɡ
ֶĥĥ䣬ûг, СУҪӡ
ʱ, ŮСΪ, ܾпԡ
İ, ûͨԣҲӵģμӿԣһֺ¸ҵΪ
ǿĲ˵㣬ҲɼΡ
УõѧԾһεѧԾѶƫߣСֻһˣʦҲѧþӡ
ԾӲͷƤӲ߼֡ддģѧԾͲ˷ʱˣǻᣬǲᣬϺߡ
ѧԾڰ칫ϣУһֱֻʷԾԱߣ̧ͷͼոܻ𳵵˸С޺ͺȹӵŮͬ־
ǲˣ
УλҰˣλŮڿʼ𣿡ֶٳУüŪ۵ĵ˸ոմӦģӡ
УȰӱͲһֻǦʳѸոշԾԱߵĸֱʻ
ӣһѵ⣬үү͸㻻һż򵥵ġ
ܻ𳵵˹ȻףͲôӦͷСޣӦöѧУѧһ꼶ҲûôСģУһӡ
վԾǰüչʵ̫пԵӡ
ȼ棬ͷβȷû⣬ǦдԼʼ⡣
¶˻е쵫𣿡
УüͷֵĲףҲףǵ˵ͷԾݡ
ղա¶Ӧ
ֻ꿼ӣϹٷֱվźգź⣬ҲҪ˺ˡ
Уվڰ칫࣬Ѿʼ򸹸ˡ
СܰţԾϹдһأҲֵñģָܲһСҵ⣬һһԲ׸ĸСޡ
˱ҪúýףϹ֣࣬˷ѹԴ
УС޵ıʶȥС޻棬Ȼٶȿ˵㣬Ȼ֪Ϲдһ̲סߵһۡ
дĲһѡǶԵģɶˣڶҲǶԵģĵ
Уվں棬Сһ·Ӧ⣬ǰĿķɿ죬ӦٶȾˣҪд̫̿
Ǹţ
ûţѧľ͸ˣֱӴѧǰͯСѧҵģͷһ
ѧ֡ѧһء
ܰСʱһѧԾԾȴǿ˵㣬ֻȹ涨һСʱĿʱӴ꣬ддֶˡ
ȫں涢ŵУȴЦ仨һдͺãȵȣʦǰѾӸĳ
ѧԾ϶Ǻʵ֣ԾͲøˣһһĿֻò׼ǵñҵʦġ
¶ֻû¼Ȼ˸߹ʱ̣͸¼ԺÿһҪڵ㶼Էųøĺӿ
Уڰ칫ҵʱֶֻǿɳϣУԾһţֱֶ̱ɳˡ
̱ͬɳϵĻ̫꣬ߣŲдĵʱΪ˸ʱ䣬ȫվдģԾһСʱһСʱдġ
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46 
¶, ŮĦ֡
һдô֣̫ˣֻ, ʮ꣬ҪٳһĿࡣ
ҪٻһɣûҪôżꡣ¶۵
̱ɳϣƺһģһ, 䡣
ҡͷ, ҿԵġֻǲ̫ϰǦ, дֱƽʱЩ, ڼҵʱҲʱԾ, ʱ䶼ȽҪ硣
Ƚ߰˷ӡ
ֱֶ壬ͲЩ, ӱ̽׻֮, ûôţǸװ, һֱûôϰȭŹ
ٴεĴԽʱ, һڿǷˣ긺ѧŸȭš
¶Ҳһˣͬʱһ㶼ģٴδԽĿ̫СˣĿ, ܲΪԤԾĩһɡ
, , ѾæŮμԶҪٵĳ̶, Ļй;ϰȭš
ˡ
ÿܲѧϰ꣬ѾϰȭŷŽδ滮ճڲμС֮
һߣУԾֱҵʦǵİ칫ҡ
һŸʦǣǿŸĸġ
һŸѧʦǣҲ
ѧԾУѾĹˣǺɫԹ
ⲻ׼¿ľ𣿡
ǡУûӣҵġģǿܲɡ
Ѿˣǿ϶ܰ
λѧʦһ£ѧУҪš
꼶ѧϴο꼶һԽ裿һ༶ѧʦʵ
ѧʦҡҡͷԣ֮ǰԽľӣⲻԽ֡
УҲ˵ҪĲ꼶ѧ
꼶λʦֱĬ꼶ѧ
ʦǴһܿԾֻĿһ֡
ľʮŷ֣һεٹЩǿԸֵģСͬѧʻҪǹˡ꼶鳤
Ծø꼶ļȥҲõȻ֪ʶʵĶҲش𵽵ˡ
ͬУƵ⺢ӲѧУѧȻҲǱѧУģǸֻСޣѧɲţҳ͹ģֱҵμСԡȻҶһͬС㹻ҵ࣬ھŵĸɣ
ԴӸ߿ָ󣬽ԽԽܵӣҳСѧҲȽϸУĽǻ帽СǸõСѧǲõСѧûȫͳ£Ͳ˵ˡ
ŵĴڣŵѧУҲű϶
УӭλСż븽Сıҵ࣬ڽСĿһս
УʦǼȻӭŵļ룬ֲǺŷŵԼ༶
Уȥнѧεһʦ˱ҵ࣬ԱҵЩʦûкģȫǽ˼ҵģСһҲʮˣӶˡ
ӵ˶֪СôôģǹСҲпֵʱ̸߲Գ졣
Сŵ༶ʦǺѲİϵѧܲӰ죬СԾֻʣһˡ
ԣӭ黶ӭҶӭСͬѧ븽С꼶ͥСͬѧԼ༶ǳɵġ
У״ҵĹǣԼǣҵʱһСޣ°ֹɣҲðϵѧġ
ԾصУҵУӼҳĵѧ֣ľʮţʦһͬСѿҵࡣ̫СˣΪǰһԼڼ︴ϰʣѧУ߻ṩԾƽʱϰ⣬ҪǵʦĩҲԹȥӲΡͬ⣬ͿԸӰѧѧѡ
óλҳǮҲ̫ףУҲûάѧüҳʩѹСԳɼ죬ѧУﶼǻнġ
ֶٺͽ¶ͬʱŮ
ѾָΣĹСѧģ̵˵ͷ
СѧĿģμСȥѧĿ꣬ЩУүүѾӦˡ
뿪ѧУʱһֶٱһϰᣬȹĽ¶źһԾʳ¯СѧŰץ˺üš
***
ݣһſò׵У̲ס߶쿪¶ܳ𣬶ôСʲô
ôСĺӣٳȥ棬󲿷ʱ䶼ѧϰּȥμСԣȥУ͸ƨɺ׷һ
ͬиӵүӣ֣ҿԸûСֺС㣬Ͻͦõġ
ȻϽϽҲûôǿʱ鵹ģǵϽΪڲѧϰʱɼŻᱻȥͨѶ
𣿡
ķСʱͦģ˭أŮŮžŵӣ׼ӵڷܸɣ̫ƫˣǰޣҲա
ɲ㡣үӿ˱ͷҲ̧󲿷㡣
ҲܵǱĬӰ죬ϾҪŬϽ㡣
ô˵ĻҲһеƴжŬˣֻϣ˵ѧУܴ졣
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47 
ܴǲܵ, ֶУǰµĺڶʵˡ
ûȫͨС˫ֵ꣬ȫΨһ˫, Ҳǰ״Ԫˡ
տԺֱԶϲΪȫۣһ졣
ðɣ·
ԺڰʮΪ¹˿ͽ, ҪʵӪ
Ժſڳ˶ĺɫϲ, ȫ, ʱ졣
ڷԺſڵС, ȫӪҵʱ䲻ѭšΪףŮС, ۣȫֻҪ, ֻҪһļǮ, ˣԿϵ, 򵽾׬
ȻҲ, ֱֶץ˻ڷżٵŮ׳ҪĿĿҪ򵥽һԺĸĿ
õ壬ԺĿõʽֻϧûҵӡĳӣֻܸӡڰɫ, ͸ӡš
СַڽݺԺ﷢, ʣ´󲿷ֹѧѧУ԰͹ſڷ, Ϊ˽Լɱ, үӻҪ󾡿ֻŮͬ־
һ죬ļЩ·
ԺĻھм˾֪㲻ȥԺѣҲ˵Ҵ۵ĵ꣬˻֪ҵĶиСֵŮ
Ժѡַԭװļ¥Ҳû뿪ǣοǱҲûּⷢڻʼͷ˵ˡ
໹ܵ¿ԺſȥˣſĿĺɫͲѭģ濴Сӡ沺Ӱ
Ѿ˾֪ˣĳɼӦòǼٵġ
Сԣ֣ǳˡ
಻ףǰЩҲ˳˳ˮɴȥСһһسܵ˶ѲǶ
ϱӾͺЩ߶߶Ķһ⣬͸ˡ
϶ǿõʱСӺ³Կ࣬СӺ沿ԺˣȴǴǰϰ̯ıһˣǼ¥֪жʮϱûⱲȴ˵ġ
Щ쵰ѧҶ㲻˵רܵǰ̯и˸Ӵͷۺ˲òҲŽһ׬һǮҪȥĶ
ġ
ⲻãĵ˲ǹ࣬ĸҲżϻ
ĸﳤ˺üݣͲҶҶôȵȥٲ٣ÿ춼µģȻ鷳ʵܱȸĺ
ÿ飬гУֱܵȥ
ߣǽֵߣҶ̫࣬ҪһҰ̯Ҳֻ࣬ȥԶط
ϱżϻҲ͵͵ӪҵǮˣ֮ǰС⻹ÿϽǮ
Сܼҵֳô󶯾ô﷢࣬ͲʲôһһǮСܣϵڽܸСָ⣬ûûš
ָͶֲԶֲʶڸŷֲԶǼⲻã춼ˣֲʶǰƢ仵ˣͲҶҲˡ
ֻмµģǸ֪ζСӤ
ָϰԵҵĵƽ㣬ӲùɶùȻСϱܸɣСӵĹͣŮСϱΪϳеŮӦҲӡ
һһָƽ⣬Ȼѡ񣬻ϣûߵ
ۻһ죬ռúͬһԺ
ս㣬ҵͷǰ̵ģۻһ죬ûŻˣһĻԱҵֻټһۣǼҹ˿ͱȽ϶࣬ǵöȵȣҲϰ
ռÿСʿǰĴ˾˵ͷǾ͵ȵȡ
ĵһλǱΣûʽϲҲûʽɴֻǰһ컨ǼٵģǶλһ
κİ˽飬봩ɫĻɴͷҲ̳˵ִڻˡ
Ŷӵʱռŵҵûʽ˵ļַ񡪡ױͷ沿ơü޼ףÿһĶ滹һݣרĽյݡ
л˵
е̣϶䳤˵~


48 
ݵĵַ, ռ㿩һ£ǽ¶ĵ꣬ϴȥҽͷʱ, ͷѾŮĵæˣ᲻Ҳǡ
¶ŮģǸֻа˸ߵСޣѧ, Ҳһ꼶, ôܲμСĿء
ϻֽݵ, ֻҵϰʶɡ
ռﰲοԼ, ϣǶλһжʧ, ͷ¶Ҳ, ԶҲҪ, Ҳʶ
ռûܣûпͷͽ¶Ӱ, СС˿, Ҳû¶Ǹͻ׵ɷ򣬵ȴԭװͷϼס
ѹϻнݵĽܣԭԺģԽ˵Ľ, ʮﶼҰ, ֻǰæһ²֡
ռ˵һСʱŵ, ̷֮ǰ, ʦҪ޼һͷ
ռ۾ǰľӣһ縵ͷҲ˳Ľ¶
λͬ־ǵҪȫ׻ȫһƺ廤ϣÿһҪŮͬ־ΪոǼǵʱ˵ٰܾǵǳʺ鷳һ¡
¶˵꣬ʾʦ䣬źͽ뿪
»Ų߻ģۻֻһܣ»ԤҪʵʩһ¡
¶Աʱռȫǽ״̬ˣɳ¶ѹûаϳ
Ůϲĸףռȴѹϲźãװʶϲ
¶ûϳһܺμ˲׵ĻʱϹλԭ衣
ȥԺ̹ͷ񻹰Ƶǻûϳ¶С
û뵽ӻԭı衣
˵Сǲǹģ¶
ǺСĽ飬СԼ飬ǹμӻҲˣСĸ׽ûҪˡ
ӱǾܾģ˲˵٣ղϯ棬μ⸸Ļ
ŲμӻҲܹ͵ϹŴӦ
ǻֳ˲٣ϯѾˡ
ֶٴǰĹ˿ϳ꣬ܰôĹӪٰ񣬿⸸Ǻģֲ˲һ㶼µǣμⳡĸĻ
ǹҲĵģԺ´ǳһߣھߣ
¶ڱϵĽգھߣһǲ£˲Сӹǵô졣
ɲ֮ͥ¶ۣҲԭŮʿûпԣް޺ޣα˼ڴϲ²̨
˲ҪӣǾԼȥˮ
ŻûʼСֱˣˣⳡ־ճˣֵúܴ
װֵĻϣӱĸ׵֣Ҫüĸѹͷ衣
˵ˣ¶Ѫ˶ûֳ
ŵĿǰԣ¶ޱ뿪Ļ㼰ʱȻֻңҲӵĹѪ
˵еǽڣŮҽ֪ʶӣĲιȥ
¾ûУ
ôܣֲ˾һףûμӻ˵ûƢӽأͦõġ
õĻǰͷĶΪʲôڣǲ͹ˣ˵ǰͷԪǱġ
Ϲ˵Ԫüˣ˵ʮеҲȥƽô͹ˡ

¶ɢɢĳŹϣڲʱûǰǵ
ǲõ
ǰĺģŮҸʱ˺ͲУһ̵ɷ˲УǸСɰŮҲҪ㹻ġ
ŮʿĻδܳһʱڣӿ¶ܺù
Ůʿ뵽־ģҲ֪ûʵˡ
***
¶ٴμڰ꣬Ǹոհ¼ңСĺԺᵽһĺԺĸкܽ
Сûȫͨпȴеģ״ԪʵʵˣǲУֵͬһ״ԪǱˣүүԶʮС״Ԫ¹ںбȫֽ
߲ɷʱվԼԺܵſյģǸԼҵ档
⼸ԺѾھпҷֵˣүүĥ׼ȥг̵ܰؾûã˵ǰүүѾˡ
˵ذң¼һĺԺԭǸԺ⼸½½ӴӺüסģװ޾һꡣ
ҵ·һͬ׷ֻ֮һ˼ҡļҡ
Ѿˣɷ˽˷װĳܷĵҶı׼мҵףҲкӣҺӻǰ޴ˣչСǰҲɷ˵˲׼Ҫӡ
ͦõġ¶ԭС˵ĻҪ
ȴҡҡͷûʲôõģҲˣԺ͸㵱ھˡ˰ɣȻСҲǸɾġ
Ϳԡ
¶붮Ǯͱ仵¶ĸУҲһھӡ
׷ǻǰģǿ϶зУǻģǾǻƲƲ˫ƽ֡Ҫ飬רҵʦ˺ˡ
֪Ժ⼸жƽҲȥԺֻû˵еĽš
Щڵûһϻˣ˻ȲǮס
ǡҪʳ𣿡
òײȡÿֻĽ¶æ֣ʱǲҪˣҪͶʵĻ
ʳ
ͬչҵģ
ȱǮֵܻһʲƲȱˣƷԿ׻йܵˡ
ͬģҲͬҪүӺͽٱ޲ߵĽ¶⼸һֱƴҶȥҲͻ辶˷ƷչվշƷҲƷĸչվţ˷ֿȥִ߽շƷ
ܶ˸̯ҶշƷö˾ˣһǹѧƣһñϾ棬󲿷˶׬Ǯ
л˵
ʱ󷨣


49 
һѧʱ, үӴСȥпг½ǿؼҡ
ǰ갲װ֫ѾԲ·, ҲȾ˷Щ׵ͷȾڣټŮ·Ҳʱ֣ȥԽԽˣǰھӻŰæ˵ý
ûҵ˼, ý˵ý, ҲýδǿȲٲ, Ͳʹˡ
ǿȥ׻ؼ̽, үȥ, û뵽濴ˣ˾ϼҰ˾ϯ, ؾʱǴź͸ĸһصġ
ֶ⼸Լ, żʱҲȰΧ򷿣, Ҳвġ
ǿǰ, Ǯ֮󣬹һĻϼңһ϶ˣȥڴԺƽ·һ䣬һĿھˡ
һ, Ӵ󶼷˽, ھĥ, ѾԶһ, ֻǽڼԸһֱûģȥѲʱ᲻ô⳵ǻ϶ѡ
˽ҳûеģŮϲ·Ĩƿƿ޹ޣŮϲ򷿣Ůϲ顢Ŵϲ˽ҳ
ŮĻ˵˽ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳ᲻ûüС򳵶᲻ã;򳵣ǣ⼸Ѿϰ˴⳵ⷽһµġ
Ȼ⳵ҲϲĦгﳵС
Ħгٶȿɱֿˣǰھеʱܲĳȥ˻֮⳵ҲֻСˣҽǿôĳ̫ȫˡ
ǰȥȥУֶٺͽ¶ͷһγԶţҲǴһɻ
ò˵黹ǺܲģȻѵę́ƿԺȡ
ĻУֶûչšҪһŴҪֶһ䷿Ļ
ԺڻеĵһҲѡˣڻûнֹ򷿵ʱ򣬲ֶ©ʵ˵ȥ
ֶٵеĵڶֱֶƽһ
ֶķǱ˵ˣķ۸ǻҲǰײ˼ۣ򵽾׬ǲǿء
ֶٵܵȥҷн顣
¶Ҳģʽ·īñӡЬӡΡ
һֱүӰСջǮ֡
ֶվǸ𿼲ʵĵ棬Ͳ⣬Ū֮󣬲ڱװ޶ӣֱ뾩֧˺üװ޶ӹ
¶أȥ컦еļԺҲ㻨Ǯȥܡ
үӸй͹ڵ滹ûװ޺֮ǰֻСֺС͵
͵ǲܵģҪĻҲ˱ˣҴ⻹ӵһ뿪Ů᲻̫á
***
һߣĸɷ飬ҲʦƲָһ̸ֱ£Ϊ˹ã˹˾
¶ֶٻؾʱⳡĿ˾ŸոĻ
ֻȡ˻µĺԺװ˼ҵĻǰƲֻҪǮǾòĺԺ
źôҪиŵĵطıûȡ
ҪĺԺͶˣԺ󷿼ۻеأضεĺԺȫǾ棬۸϶ǡ¶ͬǮֵ
ĵʱûǷۻǣֻ˽ǰֻǮպú׷ӵֵôôɵ飬ǰϣѡǮǷӡ
ƫƫ˵⣬ѡѡǮ
ţףǰ˵ĺúõģ˴꣬ӣиͬ͹ܲס°ˡ
ͬ־뿪һʽ꣬㻹𣿡
˲ףֻܿԼķˣץסҪطȫԱȥԱѸͬ־Ժչôãͬ־Ա϶һס
Ȱѽͬ־һϵˣýͬ־ɵ𲽱Էɣͬ־Ǯ˻
ûбɸŵ룬ڼǮУţŽ¶
ǵŮ˵ݣ¶ûܾҲûӦС˵ŮûдҵڵŮҲûдҵܲͶǮÿζͳɱ
̣ҪԳԣҲҪṩһݲ߻飬֪Ǯ׬ҲͶǮ
׬ǮУȻֱǮ򷿾Ϳˡ
л˵


Ĳֿˣ뿴һڴŴ뿴ԭһִ


50 
ڱ
ʳζǾжܻӭʽ, һŰꡣ
ʱʳζװӱҲڵʱʽжһ, ζƯÿһ㶼ԼĹ¡
ʱĹʳζǻ𱬣ſʱŶӡ
֪жٹ˿Ȱ˵Ӵǿֵꡣ
ĵȻҲ뿪ֵ꣬Ȼһҵ̵ķֺ㹻, ˭Ǯ಻, ֹһεȰ˵, ˡֵ, κνֻϳǮ, ϳ
׬ĸ̣ҲǮ, ҲԸ
ɶž, ʱζһֱûпֵ꣬ûֵ, ʱ˿̫, ӳǰȹš
Ӱ굽һ꣬ʱζȫһ֪ȣΣʳζǱҪ򿨵ʳ֮һ
רųʱζĴ򿨹ԡ
һȥʳζ֮ǰϰڲھС
ڶϰûȥ, ô򿨹ʳζȥȥ硣
ڶ, ʮ֮ͲҪȥʳζ, ʱϾѾŲˡ
, Ϊοͣʮ֮ʮ֮ǰȥʮ֮ǧǧҪȥ֪ӷ۴ǿʼʳζֻӪҵ죬ϾϰڶĺԺˡ
ָƲʱȻڴĺԺ֮ѡ˺ߣҲû뵽ĺԺǵ̶ֳȡֵǧ
ʮĸ̣Ҳ͸׬ĺԺͷ
Է۴֮Ӫҵʱȫĳ˰죬и㶼ģȻֻѿĵطʣµȫԱȥɡ
ģأҪʱ򣬾;طȥֶֶŮԱǣǰַҵļӣֵжڣȶ׵趼ãҲԲǰطȥ
ʲôʱȵԼԶˣʲôʱٰط֮ 
׼ֵƵĺԺˣ£޹£
ʮС̫̫念ȴѾź˺£ʮʱѾʦ֤ҽˡ
⼸ĺԺļ۸ԽԽͣĶǮԽԽ⣬ʱʱľͱųȥΣʱţԱҲŷż٣ѲǮ̬Ȱڵװס
***
ǵ
ĳŮԱֶڴƤӵ³ĹŮǣʺƱͬŮǵжǶϵġ
ֶͲڵصĵһ ͥ磬ڵȦС 
ֲѡӰ֮һƬȥ˺̺˹ͯǵš
Ӵ֮ӰӾץݵеӰҪôýҪôƱܸߣݵеӾǰʮ꣬Ʒû˹ҵŸ֮ơ
ֶСĻʹĻ˫λ֣кü״ȼߵĸ衣
Ȼֶû¹ݼĽ۹ȣֹͬŮǵжһչʮ꣬ŮٶϣҲûˢˢĶֶ࣬趼Ϊٹ֪䵽һֶ꣬˸սĿĳͣһЩСǵĳʶҪߡ
λһ߹ŮԵ裬Ҳ˴ɫʡ
ڰʮϴǵ˽º̣ҶҲչƷҼͶ۹⣬ڰʮͶĺԺֶݵĶಿӾӰλͶ۹ĸѡеģھתʱͶǮ
֮λǵλ۹⡢оϵĸš
಻ǵһγڴǰŮĳѹص˷ƷչվŮרˣҲڴǰˢһֱڵսĿ磬ϽĿ֪
˺ǷǶ࣬һֶ͹չֵ쾡¡
ֶڴƤӵ³ģ809000˵ǿֶģÿһ궼ڵӰĻϿֶ
ֶǳĸǺģһʮ춼ǴھûʲôϺðǡ
ͲһˣһʼҰǵͶʣλͶŮĵӰӾ磬ʣȫͶڷˣΪϲһ߳ͷؼͨǲЩӰǳˣѷ֤ϵֶһǳˡ
ֶΪһŮǣ¾Ȼֻһ׷ǺլֻǾͨСһסլֶҲһ׸Сסլ
ֶİְһ׷ҲûУеķӶдڹ£ЩоеĺԺлеС¥լıҲͨסլ̾Ϊֹһ߸пȦ׬ǮһΪŮֶѪꡣ
󱻰ǳǹĳ£ŵİڷװŵСӺСŮһûйֻ統֪࣬һ꣬һΪ˲ˣӴ˸Ҷ
ѹŵƽûԼҵ¥СӲٿǮһһڹѾ˫˫º̲Ǯ¡
ֶȦϷ󣬹ɧ͸ˣΪϷŮԱˮϷڵȴҪֶһΪ˲ϧǮͶ̣˽ֶķ˿ǩ
һǳĻǡҲҡ۸Сһҡ
С򱱣ȫ֪ԺĹɶ֮һ˷εĹɶ֮һ
沽¶ԺĹɶ֮һ˷ĹɶĳŮС˵վĴʼˡ
꣬ʮһ꿼ϻͯĿǰҽԺְҽڡʿʦҽʦβҼʡпĿԺĹɶ˷κĳС˵վҲйɷݡ
Ӯңǡ
һ뻹ͬСһĽ
ĿڱѾʼˡ
ױڲ͵˰©˰󣬹ʮڵķͲѲ²͵˰©˰Ķж
¼ֶ֮͹ֱ˷ͥƲ׼ϲ˺ͬԭһŮǣԭ˫ĸŮⳡ˾˵ǾٹĿΪˡ
ൽǰⳡ˾ʮڵķǮٶˣϴεΣôĲƸûˣֻʣһĺԺǵ꿪ƷչվʱĺԺһȫȫдµķӣԱĶˣֻһ᲻á
᲻׷¼ֵһڶ֮࣬Ϳάˮƽɿÿ¸ǮһǧǮ׾Ҳ᲻׷ӡ
л˵
пҵۣдȷʵβܱǸ
дٵʱ򣬾鷢չҪһҺ͹һҵĳͻдĵʱǰ֮ҵĽӴͺˣ̫дһȥִŮ䣬ӲͷƤдоˮˣɾˣܲʵĽβˡ
Ҳ¾Ĳϸӣټ˵趼ұȽϲģԻǻдȥҿ԰ƪĵǿ촩23ĵһ飬ҲϣԺúõᣬһڵĹ¡
ٴҵǸ


51 
, ˡ
ֶٻΪǵӻǲ԰, ûװӣϲС˵ϲϷ׷硣
Եɵ۾ɫ, ɫı, ͷɫ, ÿ, ¿һ, ֶָϽ˻
Լ첲۵, , ξͳڹʹһĳдԽֶԼͷ, 
, ˡ
ϾйһξˣֶٲŲæڽӲӵĴϣͼԭļ䡣
ԭһǳ˻ģսиŮ
ֶٵͷ, ϴȫһԽ, ûֻһ, ԭļͥ, źӿ϶ˡ
ԭǹŴһλڸĽϣӵǧ꣬լԺʮƽף٣ҲҪ١
֮һ֡
ͬһһ׵Ŀ֣һǿúˡ
Ϊ˱¶ڣֶûżȥѰԼźӣ˳ԭļ俴ȥ
ԭŮ󱻻ʵ۴־꣬ʱĻʵԭĴ󲮣Ǹʵ۵ڶˣʵֻʮĶӼλҲԭõܣڵĻʵ֮Ҳûˡ
ԭõûºԭӣһʵˣһǰ׹׵ȵѪԭ˳ӸĽϱ뵽ǣովǻ
ԭûˣҲܴˣԭΪոյǻһµۡ
ֶٴӻϲҲһӵ¶ǻϲģʵۣΣϵδ̫˵
λʵۣʮûˣӡ
λʵۣʮûˣ˵ͻļ
λʵ۵ĵܵܣλʵ۵ĵڶӣǰ׹
ֶֻò쬣ԭòǱ˺˰ɡ
ˣҪȥʺ޹
ΪǺŽ׳ֶ٣ҲмͷһܱΧŴͷڵ
һʼóɫӣֶٿ˾;۾æ˻ɫֳһЩۡ
۾Ͱ۰ɣȻ֣ԭָͻҲùһϮ۵ơ

¶йˣʹŹװˮŮڿļӴϡ
볯ʺ󡭡ҿ϶ûصС˵Ҳ֪йһβʹҿС˵Сĵģǰɸѡ֮ſģ˵ͬͬˣȫĶֺͽϣο϶Ǵ飬ͨԽ
꿴ԼһС˺ܶƣûбοǲǸҶûˡ
ԭֻֻ֪꣬ʵ۵ûˣĸµĻʵۣĸ˻ʺҲ깫
ԹλжǸӼ̣յܼǼٵģ˵ø̳õܵĻλˡ
ҡ롯ţ˴սʱڵҲֻϱʱںĩʮʱڳֹµĴ벻ͬ
뽮һСһͳһĴԭһҴǰסڽˮ磬ڵľλӱѩı
ԭһҴʮǰ־·ϱ㾭һѩǱⳡѩ·̣ӦҲڵʮҴҾٰǻʽ
裬֮ǰʲôǵ𣿡¶֪ĳʷȷ֪ʷˡ
¶תתϵİȣһ¶ȣůģҲһůΣֻǿ壬̫̫ûмůĴһɫûС
һůѰҿʵҪȽϸߣСڳӣӵĲֲ覴ã׹ִӵ
ôƯϡеů¶Ѳϲԭֻǿͺˡ
֮ǰκκ֮ǰܣ֮ǰơ֮Ѿʷϵһˡ¶˻ԴڷҲŻζ
ȻǴ飬¶Ǵ˵˼롣
ǰܿС˵߶ѳʲôĶһģϰסֻõϤģòǾ͵ǼܿճƽʱվС
ЩҪһӵĿ֣Ҳ׷ٻˣҪǱ
¶ûüŮһĿǰһѼɤϼݵ
Ϲϰˡ
һеĹ˶˳ȥ
ֺֻʵۣϸĽʺ̺깫
ǶˣһڻһүǾͲֶٻϲϲĵò׵ػʵۻʺ͹ǾͳԺúȺãȡõ㡣
ϰֶѡõ㡯ŵֽ׶εĿһӦڵĴ̫á
ںܾ֮ǰйһڻٴδԽǣļ趼ǴȽ϶ӵĻŴƽūĩͨˣ׼ҲǶԿӵȻֵϸߵĻˣٵԤڵĲͬ
ʵۡʺ͹ѾȨƵһˣòԶӵȻҲҪֵϸߵĻˡ
Ҫ˵ԭĸûңϰҲִ᷸
ϰ֣ǲȨȨλ֣ʵ
ŸҵţȻҵŽףʵҲɱɾ֮ȡ֮Ȩ
ȨеģӦȨλ׸ǸĳûôôȨλбĶʵĳĳ˵㣬ӭԭǻΪ۾ĳµľּ̫ܲǷӡ
ֶͷõķٶˡ
ȨλĳĿǰǻûðܾǰ¸ոȥ̫ˡ֪Ŵȱҽҩʵ۲һȺ̫ҽһӣһͻļһ׹һһƣǺֵһǰһ˲һ¾Ͷûˣܲɺϰɡ
·ֶҲˣɱʵ޷ǾΪȨƣʵʵĻ𣬲մȾȨѧϰʷϱκڳԺֵȥ
ҪλˣֻҪɱһڣİλڳ