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1 
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2 
ͽΪǱΪԼţͷ֮ķ꣬ڣ׸Ҳ׼̷ҡ
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3 
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ֲǲ֪ⱲҲֹƿطʸûС̾Ҳһԣ˾ͻȥû͵
ͽΪ̾
鷳ˡ
Ѹղϯϵ˵һ顣
̾ɵô죿Ϊûô졭
ʵȻҵϴָҰ㻹ͽΪСŵֶڶһ䣺ģ౻䣬ҪǱ顣
̾ίڵû𻰣ͽΪָҪߣȻɳƵͽΪʱĽ㡣ôõʣȴķɡ

ͽΪˡ
ԺصԺʱɫ
ǧٻסǰԺӡԺŵƣŻûȥͷ
ʧܣǶΪ
Ҵǧ٣˵˭ҡ
ȻͣˣͽΪ֪ԼĴڱ֪ȥ
ԺԶͷǧȭͷһֻ⬡
պ̫ԡ
ͽΪ硭
ԶŤͷ磬ȥˡ
񻹴ûô
ͽΪôˣǧ治ɫǳɫͫ¹Ⱦһ徲ĹҲ֪ô
ͽΪ̯ǰ
ǣ
Ҳµ˭ĹȥɩɩָҪ˻ͽΪû˵˭ɩɩûҼҵɡ
ⲻ˵Ҹ硱ֻ˵Ҽҡ
ǧһ٣ͣ룬ȲȣҲ䣬ζͽΪ治ɫ
ɩɩ
ͽΪϲ𣿡ǧٺȻڡ
Ϊ⻰˶٣һ˿ҲûԳ
˵ͷ
ϲĲһ˼
ɩɩҪǱߣû˺𡣡˵
ش̫ǧᷢЦ
ɫĴ΢̣ͦiᣬձ˪ƺڴ˿ڻС
ͽΪ˿
еָߣϸ׵ָ棺Ҳߡ
㰢Ҳߡ
ͽΪʲô
ϲңҲϲ˼һ䡣

ͽΪû𻰡
бβ˵
šǲڳܣ
ܶѣҲᳳܡ
Ȼ
ͽΪ֪ٽ⻰ˣת͵ָ˲ʹҪϣɩɩ̫
һʵ⣬ȴʡ
Ǹ²Եֳǲ
ǧٶָ˼ƳŮձ޷紵΢ңֱִȥ˳ͽΪͷɢö졣
ðͽΪġ


4 
աͽΪߵѣţ綥һźӢԵ֡
ӴСá
ͽΪ
μ˶֪μǶչʵ˵һǷš
չŸʦͽԾ˼ʦǰҲ֧
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ԶͽΪҲһ
һ٣
Զһ׾Ű˵ߣͷܽݣֺ׵֪ʰңû뵽ôݣûаҵ׶ӿ
á
ʲôиãһƢǰɣ
ܡͽΪǺͷҵĹϵںò׺õ㣬һﲻ˭
ʱãС㲻ʮꡣ
ұɡ
ԶƲ첻
ߵ̫죬ͽΪû׳ã״Ʋʣ㵽Ϊʲôɩɩܣ
˭ˣǺõúܡ
ˣ͸¶ڷ硣
ϧ֪ԭԽľܸаѿЩ
ֻҪǴ£ΪһˣȥͽΪǧٵı顣ȻƽԴĵġ
ԶЦ˵˲ҲǸ˾Ĵˣôҷ
Ҳ

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ص£
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С㡣ŮʱߵŶ룬˵ȥ˳㳰ЦһԶ
ΪĸˣǰͽΪһ£ͷ
ἰԶԱҲ˵Щ
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¡ͽΪ̾꣺𣿡
2ۺᣬǱˣûȱ첲ȡ
ҪҵģǧٹԱ߰˵˾仰ȻԺҪʯء
ͽΪǧ޷ľζԴеԺ
ðͽΪġ
ԭǻġ
´γԾСͽΪӣվ˰̾ᡣһ㶣ȦͷͽΪ˵Щ
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СǴӦ󿩣ʱҪĳɹ
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죬ͽΪڴһҹ
˺ܶ࣬뵽ѵĳζ뵽Ϊһƴӣ뵽ûжı죬뵽˲̤ʱָѵ뵽Լ졣
һ룬ֻȴĶȡ
ǰǧٺʱٴμʱԼչ¶΢Цᵽĵζ
ͽΪ֣ǿŷǧٹ궯ûƽϢƣֻŷ˸**
ĿǸ̬ȡ
֪ԼûлԺ
ʲôӵйͽΪҪӵУ롣
һء
Լ嶼δ򣬲ĲһذءǶʮһꡣ
ʺã·ˮǾ飬Ҫһ׷ʮһ̸꣬ס
չŲ˵΢Ϲϵͻɫ䣬벻
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ͷܴͽΪʯС߳ԶһӰ
ͽΪôɡǧսʣˮ΢΢Ⱦʪ۽ޣͷŹ߳ǳɫ̫ͫƯе۾
ǰǰվ
ִɳɳ죬ͷѤã֫ûȡ˱ۣƤڲһƬӵĺڰ
ڰУקסǧٵ󣬲˲ֿѹڵأȥǰ뿪½ʱ΢΢ǺϸƤĴУץסů
Լ˵ɩɩ֪ҵ˶𡣡
ۣǧңң׶־ܴʵǰһᱻ
ڣͷǧٵľ롣
Ҳֻڶѡ
ɩɩô⣿
ֳ̧һ˵ɡ
ǧٿĵԶõǱò١
ôϲСֹɵƺУĵģҲ˵㣺ģɹɹ̫أ
ҸմӰͽΪһ٣˵ɩɩʦŮ顣
ϾӦ㣬ܵ˵㻰
ҲŲСӡ
⻰ʻȥ
ɩɩпҵ˵ÿ˵ʧְҿԴɽ䡣ûһ˽ĵ˵Ҹһ𡣡


5 
ɽǶμҸϽһ
ǹԼ˸𹩷ɼңɼҸ𱣻Ϯ
ͽΪʮŵĴָ˵Ҳô졣û£졣

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ӳŵǣһֱô״̬
ͽΪƳԼߡ
ͬĬΪǧÿòУȥͱȶԶܶࡣ
ն
Ƕ𣿡ֻøһʣҪԵ㶫
Զͱٹȣԡ
ʲô
û顣
ȥ¥飿
һ𣿾

·ʱ׷׶ܡ
ͽΪҲܲѹ
Ѿ֣ͷ߳ձѡ
硭ԶҲڴϾ͸ɩɩ˦ɫ
ԶҿͦⰡ
ǧٴüңէһһƽ˳̬
ֲˬװ޹ѵҵĴˣ
ۿŭֵڽʸߣ·Ҫֶ֣ͽΪקס½ǣ磬㿴ʲô
СͷһϣԶƻ飬ȭͷŶεġɣһð֣һϲʲôҶ򡣡
Ǯ
ŶʯһûǮ˵ɣҪʲô
ͽΪǰǳԱ
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ӡԶͷǧٶûҪԵģɾͻɥʧһЩԭʼ**
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ָŲ׵ԲŴ׸⣬ԶԱٶԵ㡣
Ժ˵׼ñһ߻׳ء
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ͽΪ볤𣿡ǧŲʡ
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ʱԱ߼˵ҲƮ
μҹϽµĳ򲻽ָҲߡһеûţϲֺİԡ
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ŭŤһ𣬷ɾҺһͨ򵽺˶òꡣ
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ˡ
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ͽΪץס½ǣҿԡ
㣿ǧüȷǶμѪ˵
ԣû̧ͷһɵ̬ҺҲɩɩæ
Խ̽𣿡


6 
ǧû̻شͽΪִŵض˿
Ƭ̣㰢˵ɷ񡣡
ͽΪȻ֪һʼûĿ궨úܸߡ˵ĶɽһԪӤԲ󣬾Լ׵ֻǽ𵤵ĻŻڡ
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ܡ
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8 
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9 
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ҪûǴһεħ֮սڶʮǰ

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ܸҽ𣿡
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ǡһսħԪˣҲù˵ûֳôħǹϳ̫ƽӾһսĳɹȻ򣺡ѹС㲻֪أûħްɣÿˡ
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С㣿

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첻ʱͽΪȸѣ澹Ȼѩǰĵһ㡣
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ǡ
ԴӲͽΪͱò̫ˣΪ˲￴ߣǰϴ멣Ȼֱݡ
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
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ſһˣһݽ棬˭˭޹ؽҪ
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ɩɩƭ˭أΪСͽΪŸҲҪȥ
СԶҲû͵ڳΣգҪǡӴҸ
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϶ɱηǱˡ
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ͽΪ˼ͷû
ɽ·ܳϻѩֺûþû˵ˡ
ԶһĬĬѾϡ
ĳʲӲĿûţ˼ȥļ尾ãûʲôð취ͽΪһקסǧٰϣȣҸ¡

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ſڳԣСү˵£
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Ҫ


10 
ʲôСҪ⽲Զܲˬ䵭̬ȣ¹СõĴ£ʲôҪ
Сã
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ǰ죬ԶճԹ緹ͽΪŮȻæԼڴСĴϷ˲˵Ķ
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͸ŮͽΪҵģ
Ůƺ¹Լ尲ȫͷǧȷǰͷִСڿ⻰ӣڡ˵˵òǡҵɣ
ȵȣȵȡԶŶͷûȫùͽΪʮѰôԿۻ֮
ٿŮ˷͵飬ʵڷֲǺ±컹ǲ¡
֮ǰݾӦüһ¡ԣȻ˻û֨Ǿ˵Ӧ֪ͷʲôɣǣⷽȤ
ԶԼ²**ʮʱһĻţͽΪǸǽȫĴҲˣҪʮ갡
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СҲǻʵشˡ
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ԣͽΪϲŮˣǧȥֲһЦ
ԶһӲ׳˿ȴ߳ܵͨ죺Լģ˻ˣ˻һ仰û˵
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ˣȷֵ궯
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ԶǼÿʿڵ쾵չܵĻڡ־͹ڣղڵķλֻ֪һط忴塣
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ͦһطҪҰʣͷжȽϿ죬׼·һһҡ
СáԶסͽΪļ򣺡Ҫ
Һɩɩһ𡣡
Ϊʲô
ǰԶһ߻ֹշĶˡһ߳ǧټüŪۡ
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ȤͷŽɵߡ
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Ҫ𣿡
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ɫǧٵû£ɣ͡
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Ҳ
Ҹ֮ǰ˵͡
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㿴ͼ۶٣
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˵˭Ǯ򢣬ۺЦģƾһͽΪԲҡ
ͽΪŹԹ
κʱûĺⱲϱӻծġ
־ô¡
ɩɩ֮ǰҵǱףѾʮˡһ¡
ǿʼȥǧٵԺʱġ
νҪķǡ塯͵Ǵһ
ǧٽǱƵǰʱô˵
ֻҪʮ׽졣
ʣ㹻ˡ
ͽΪ֪ǣǱʵǷǧʱģǷҵĶŽ
Щ˽Щñʲôأźǧٲˡ
ͽΪ˵Ϊܵ¡ᵢ鼸졣ÿ춼ϰҲѧɩɩð׽ҵġ
ƺΪԼ͵ŴĿⲻߣǧֻЦԷǣԶˣΨͽΪ⺢Ӳ͵ˣɣ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ղŵĲ˺ʱͽΪ˲㱻ע⡣
۸ôҲûζŨ̵С΢ϧɩɩѾٹȣôζĶ
˵ͽΪڶμʲô𣿡ţȻǧƽ
ࣺаɡ
֪ʲôѡ
컹Ϊ以ˣΪһָǶģ㣬ͽΪϱӾûѡ
ڵĻ
ɩɩ֪μҵʦ𣿡ſӣһŮ֮ǰ͵ָɩɩġ
ͽΪѣ
ǰɡ
ͽΪϲ𣿡
ͽΪһͣЩء
̧ͷǧ˫ֱۣɫȻ


11 
ΪʲôͻȻͽΪʡ
ͣʱ򡣡
ã2ȫû
ҵȷϲˡԵòˣ¿ӣȻǼɫ⣬ҲǺϲ
ǧٲղǱ޵Ļӡ
û뵽СС;Ѿüɫִˡ
֪ʲôϲ𣿡ü
ǲ룬ǳװʮС
Ȼ
ǧݸ˵
ͽΪ봥ռΪУκ˶Ⱦָֻܡ㲻ϲ
Ƿǧ٣Ҳֱⷬ¶ǵĻ㶡
ƫƫͽΪʱһǰսֻǸӣȴռ·硣
ʣ
ɩɩ˵ϲ𣿡

ǧٳĬһ룬ƲߣǣҲǰɡ
緹Ա㣬ǮʱϰϳǧֱߵǮǷǧٲɷ˵ӲŻֽ̿µġ
ͽΪԱ߿ţЩ˶һʶҸ磬Ϊʲôȫʶɩɩ
𰸲ԶΪǧˡʵ̫
˭ϲ澳Ťתľ籾ǧٵǾ籾
ټĶɼҺ̨벻˾֪ѡ
Ϊҳúÿɣǧģһ
˭֪ͽΪһ˾䣺ɩɩȷơ

ССͣĶѧֶ˿ĵĻ
ֳ̽ҹձסլƬطûֵĸоֻҸţɢɢ߶
˵ֻǷˣ֪λ˼ҼˣûʲôŹֵĶ
ʵҲǡʿ̨ϣһճѲߵĶμʿ
ɱһˣʿܻЩжһзֵˡ
᲻ʵз춯ţ
ǧ˼ģȶʰɡ
ҩУͷֻиӣΪץҩģͷûȫתͲͷ˵
ϧˣǲǿˡǧٵ¡
£ʲôߣ˿ĭ̬һӶˣʲô£ҿɾְʲôҲûɡ
ʱͷʲô
ʱ룺ʱץҩ
Ҳһʲô֪
ǴʱӴȣмץҩ
ɩɩͽΪ⣬ǧٴʾ˵

⡭ƺһ
ץʲôҩ
ҩε˵ġô˵С
ǧǳһУҪڣǰҵĲӴⱻƿ˵ƹ޵ˡ
Ļû꣬ŮŴԭء
ͽΪһֱôóǱ˵˵ھѾǸղ̵ϰﳤʲôģеǾˡ
ǧǧߣ
ҲûϵԼĶǮЩأһۼԽԽ죬˺󼸲ôԡԲðôܲкͽץҩİɣ룬ҡ
ѾˡǧٿǵʾͽΪߡ
š
ʱͽΪⶢ˼ҿ룬촽ҧӣ˲òࡣ
ϾдˣԶְѪİΪɵүֻ߽߹Ьʴʵˡ
վҩǰȴļ϶ͽΪʣɩɩղΪʲôҪЩ
Ŷ˵ץҩˣǧٵֻ룬Ȼ쾵ճܵڵƬͷ˵׼ڷ˼СϾطѾʿǷˣ
š
ܲ£Ƿʿҵ֪Ȼᵤɱˣ̫ܺ𡣡۵ͷЦҲֻҵĲ²ѡ
ҩڴлƿ͵ؾ˸ʮȵĹȱˡ
ǧֽڣץҩľǸղǸ
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ĸˣ
ҾͲ֪ˡȻץҩؾǰɡ
ӳͽΪ᣺ɩɩȥ
Ҳûȥʰɡ
ǰͷѾƮҩĿζǧߵ飬˺ð˼æš
˭
̽һ͵˻ȥûΪŹȰŸϡ
ߣ͵ôôˣ
˵ʵȷʵͻҿɡҪڼܣ᲻һִݾߣ
ҲųҲʲô֪
ճ£ɼûܲҸҩ̵˵ĸˣ
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ʲô
ʱµ缲Լҩͺˡ
ŵƤˡ
ǧٹҲô룬üһ䣬ǵ䵭Χת˲ЦУ⣬Ҫĸƣ
ţô鷳
ͽΪǶμҷԸģҲǷ£鷳
ŷԱ߻иˣƺԼСһЩǿŻֽ̿ŵĲԷŻͷǡǱ鷳λˡ
üУæҵ£ˮȥˮշ¾Ͳԣǲͱٹȣˮ
û¡ͽΪɩɩȣҺȡ
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Եȣȥĸûѡ˵߽ݡ
ǧαһƫͷЦͽΪôʣղ̲Ǻ˲裿
㲻ᶮġ
ͽΪô룬ԹԵͷ˼ֿˡ˵ɩɩֱ´ݾߣ
Ȼ뷨ûȥԺ￴
ʲô
դ
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㲻Ǵǰͺ벽;
ҲʱȥμҵĲ˵û
ǸᡣϷ˵Ȼץ֪ģɼҰѪñʲôأַһҲ;
㲻˵һֱ㽷ǸС㣿˿ѪãԽĸĲúһ˵һʱԸ㣬ΪͽõġǱҲĻԵ
˵ſæˮ£ϸͷʵϻضμүʱҾ롭ηҽл˼ôҲƵһûѪûġҲϧ˷СôǸŮӡ
û뵽ĸȻĥ£ֺȣȻˣ˵Ҳϲˡֿ츳ûŬɵˡ
˭֪ǽأϸ˵ض쿴ǿǵĻԵ
ĸĲ
ԼҩͺˣһֱôϷǿӲĸˣѾǰˡˣﲻ㣬ԺǺãҪ͸úúΪԼĽıı
ɿָ֣ſڡ
Ĳ᣿


12 
ҵԺӲطΪþδɣЩưܣΧդǱĳǽ
ͽΪ֪ǧΪʲôҪդ
ЩΧԺһȦľµĶ
ϥ룬ֿդȥĳǽ
ͽΪΪ֪ͣ㣬ҲֻйԹԸ
Σǧ˿Ȼ
ɩɩʲôˣ
ǽ𡣡ǲȣϵ׳һЦǸ֡
صڣǧƺһ㲻żºͽΪֵһᣬֱҳ
ȥʱزסϲȴЩŹ֡ǲɨһ۷ǧ̵ͷȸղŻСߣĸ֪ôһֱûѡҪȥ𣿡
˰ɡǧٵ֪ﲻ̹ҵɾҲ޼¡
ǡһΣʶס˿Уָ߬÷죬һֱԺſڣһҲûµó
ͽΪ֪˵ʲôֻɫԽԽ忪ʼСȵط뺦²ֲͬš
ĸˣǧٺȻ
⻰أһ̧Դ
Ȧ죬Ҳ죬ƺ˼飬˿ĭȴϲ
áҵ
뿪ҺͽΪȻûס
ɩɩ
ţǧӦ
ôˡ
ѽ
Ϊʲô
ͽΪΪʲô
üҲ֪
ղҩײǵʱǹϲе㲻ˬ
ֲ˵͸ʲôһ㣬ֻװɵ
ѵκԼĸ𣿡
˭֪ǧٻش𣺡˵ǡæơû˵β
ͽΪһ١
ǧٿ飬üĿ΢䣺ͽΪ˼̵𣿡
ʿǳ䳣ĴڣǱ˲ħϮֻصϲ
Ĺء
ش
ϣָǼٵģҲôһ̡
ͽΪָо
ɷǧҲֻ翴ޱȷѡˡ
ûȥıµԼʸ๡
߳סլ֣صղԶֿĵطѾͷ
ǧ٣һͱԹ˿϶ҵʲô˵ɣ
ҭסѵҵʲôˣ
Ҷˡ
ʲô˼
ǲǵȥդǼ˻֮ǰ˵դùŹ֡ȥȻǺĻ𡣡
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ǽʯ̲᲻ɴݣ㻤Ƿ󱻴ƻҲ˼ǽդû⡣
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ﵽǶμʿǵı֪Ŀǰһ
ճƮһɵҩζûͽΪߵţһ´򿪡
ۣ
ǧǧߣôˡ
ǧٵͷкĸˣ
һҹû˯ţող˯¡ҪҪȽɫȣƺųţǿܵõȵңҪȥ˰æܻٵ˻ᱻġ
˵ųǽȥԼҪߣǧٵȵȡһͽΪҪ⣬֡
ôá
ͽΪǧٵ⣬ǵͷνһ㲻
ԥΣǱ鷳ˡ
ܾýһԼСΪߡֵֹġ
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ܵļ϶ȴԱСƽȵġ
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ͽΪ
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ʣһʱ͸ǧ߰ɣŮ𣿡

ͽΪڷǧǰ߾ȫװԣûҲ˵С
ʲôϵ
á䵭Һˡ
ͽΪɩɩǲҪҺùϵţ


13 
һ·޻ظϵ򹤵ĹŶꡣˣͷͱƹѵ⣺кöҪͣ
Ǹƹҡ
ˣ˵ϻЩҵķȥ
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Ұöŵġ
ҲҡⶫˤһⱲҲ𡣡
һҪߡ
ͽΪʣҰĸ
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ͽΪ˱ǰǹӸ߲˶٣ͷ̬ͦ󣺡ǱġЩ綼Ҫꣿ
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ӿһ˰ŶѾġ
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ͽΪ䲻ǧٵģ㲻ȸлң
ԶԣҲҪлл㣡
ԷǧʱţһԼ׵þͷԹԵؽͣĸǲץҩҪǮһʱղôǸƹĸЩ飬ҺЩʯ
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˵ŤͷһǰסڻķϣʮּžӰͷͽΪû߿Ŵһƾɵľżȥ
˵СԺӲݴᳵ·߽һСݣùͳʪĿӭϮ
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ʵǿȥõأ
񡭡ǸͽΪŮһԼ˵׼վǧߵľͻԼ

ճյ룬ûעǹаȻѳԼ
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
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һûӡ󣬵ǸСһ黹Ӷˣ
ҼĻҺ˵ˡҲԶӦͻ˰
ǧһ٣ɫ
һμĶ


14 
ͽΪ߽ưСݣܹȻ˵ͷбϢû
ƺҲͽΪ̫С˵졭ӡ
ʱ˵һֱм㡣
ڲ˵ʱ򣬡ȥѷ
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ղ˵㲻ǧߵŮΪʲôԴߣ
ʻʮֲϣͽΪü
ͽܡ
ͽܡѹְԴߵԭ򡣡
㵽˵ʲôͽΪûոģҪǲȥˣȥ
˵ҪȴȻ˳ͽΪӦ죬ץס˫֣˻ǲɱⱻѹ¡
Щ졣
Ƿ˸е
ҿж˵ĶܵõĽ̵Ϊʲôأ
һģһ뻹ճմһȴȻˣЪ˹ز˵
㡭ˣ
ʧˣҾܴߡߣӦôߣҺòײš
һɲ˳ƲͽΪ磬ֱ۲ʹšüң̧˵۾ȴʼһڷ
Ҹղ˵û𣿡Цǧҵġ

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˵ţ˽ӽɽǧٵ˪һǽȻס˵·
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Զϣߡ

һܳһᣬߣϽȥеæ죡
ͽΪҧǧٵĸ첲˱
ˣҪǿлҵشֱѾһ
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ϸصĴϢУЩڸǣǧٴԴҡͷУ
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Ǹ˼ڷǧ΢΢һԼ˵ˡ
ɽ춯ԽԽ󣬶ǶˣͽΪһССڵʿҲܸոձŸһ·񱼻ضμҲٵ˼ޡ
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󣬸оԴŶɿ
Сúܺáͽɡ
ͽΪĪİ³صƤ
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СģǶû¡
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ȻҲû¡
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ԹԵذûһ룬Ů˵Ҳ֪ʲô̶һգħ㳲үǧܵҲȬ˲ǰȥӦУȻ
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ͽΪܿŮеĺʲô˼
ãܲŸվһɧҵա̾걧͵ķɫ΢˵˾ܲϲġϲ
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㻹֪𡣡̾ԥүǧٽͱˡ
ʲô˼Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪˵ҪڶԶħ֮ǰá̳ɻ顣


15 
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ЦǰֻǷ֮δҪʲôȻ;ǾҪŵ
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ͷԾûκθı䣬ʲôûӵС
۵ģɤӶôҲ˵ֻܿͷ̧ͷԼ˸͡
˼ǣͽΪټ


16 

紺ʱ˳꣬ʪϢŴζ˹ͷﶼ쬵ġ
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ǻָһЩģϡʶϸü΢΢šţͽΪΪ˵·ɤͳ΢䡭

ͽΪûɿУů͸һ㱡ɢǧܡ
ܻǲ޳ָ˶ץסͽΪ֣Ȼֱۣ̫ĺ޴ڸСû뿴˵ǧԼձ߱÷͵β
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ͽΪ򴽣Ҳ֪Լʲôʹֱ۴̽ǧ˳§סĲӣΪ˲ȫѹȥһֳֻ࣬еܣͽΪȫſ
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ɶߵϸ˻ӦϢѪζֱ࣬۱΢΢עüڣѾٷͽΪеľ⳾䶨


17 
ӷǧѾͣˡϼⲦƲ⣬һжͽΪֻû
ʲôûбá
ʿ¶Ǳߣ֪źͶչôͽΪûȤȥһʱҲ᲻𾢻幬
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18 
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ͽΪǲԶ·,ڳƬ֣߶пϳȺӵıħ,һʧȥʶķǧ,Ҳܱ֤⡣
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ʦһʱҪ˵ôÿҲԣҲ֪Ϊ𾪻η壬ֻܱܵطɵӵ
ǧٴµ״Լ˻ȥʿ©ˡѹܸоһֱ
ʵǼ£¡
ǧûģֻ̧ʦ֪ҪϽ˫ۣеʹûеΡΡַۣǧԼ֣㶡
ˡ
ġ
ǧǸ˰
һ࣬ЦҵġǲǻѪԼָ̧̧ϣ
ǰŵֻ˷ܡ
㻹֪ȫɶ֪ˡǸðƻʲôŮĺᡣǸõķˣ
ǧٴл±飬Ȼƽ׾ܲ׽ڲصĶҡ
ʲô˼ˣң
ҪǸˣôòأʦתָס°ͼ⣬ǧšüңȴûѿһһ
ȭͷʦְһ£һࡣҲ˶ѡ
ǧסŻŰɡ
Ҳǡ
ǰһ뻹׷һѾƦå׽¡˭Ըء
ƺ㵵ıõ˿Уʦһץסǯͷ**ЦղŲŲź𣿡
ҿԸߡֻҪ.λߣҿûʲôźġ˵ô׬ˡ
һֻҪһȻʲôﵹص
ػͷһ˲仩ر߿
һߣԽƤðֱϮšʦûǰľ۾ͷˣҲûˣҽֻܶںΪѾס
ǧһ٣̧ͷͼһθŮվ˿˾Ͳη塣
죬ֺǸûȫغϡ
ʦֵڵϣѾսΣǸҲѪ
ǧٻ쳣侲ع۲죬һ룬ͻȻӵ뻳СŮԳһЩͷùıǼ⣬Ūе
õüʹһʹûܺõذ˺ǸӵӰغϡ
ſɳƣº͵žܾԷûҲûǧеգļûãø˷
ǧһ˲ЦԼȻû𡭡
ˣ
㡭ֻֿܷ̾˿ȸң˭


19 
˭
ͽΪһ,۾৵س§ס˵ս
㲻ʶɩɩ
ֱҧúأķǧ΢΢һ͡
ʵڲ,ﻹʹһ¾ֹסСȲ,˿,ȷʣͽΪ
š
̻ش𣬻ûſΪ˱,ɫʹǰһó,ٲȻˡ
о,ǧٳĬòڽǰ˾ǵǸСʵſ
ͽΪ̫,ٱȥͻᳬñطһʱķ룬ֻһˡ
з,ǧٵǰ˳һ,쬵ģͷסؿ״ƾȵ˵ȳȥ𣿡
ͽΪһ㶣ƺŷ¹ڲ,ŭδˣ֪ΪȱһƬ
Բ𡣡
˵תȥžػš
ǧپ˿
ϴ׸Ķ鷳,ҲûѵµҪͽΪ㽵ɩɩʵǸ
Ҳʵ˵㡣
ޱس˳ǡ
Ƭ̺󣬷ǧʰͽΪ½üͷšţɫݡڵҪͷܳ׿úԼˡ
˵ҲǣһȥҲˡ
,ͽΪںһ֣û˵ɩɩĶɣˡǸúлȥġ
赭дмȴǺɱǧʮʱ۶գնüʿͷ­
⻰ǸɵͽΪ³мΥ͸С
û¡Ķ߽أ
ͽΪҡͷ
ߡ
û˵ǧһ״Ƕμҵʿӱ߽Ū˻
ΪʲôʣⲻǶμҰɣ
ɩɩһ񣬲侲
ŸոѣӦûܻңȴȻָ˳̬
ȷǡ£ǣ֮ȴȥɣȰٸɩɩ
ҲǣʬķҲܺú˵ĳϡ
ǧ֫ʹﱵڹͷϸһ˻壬ųסζʧˣһβˤڵءͽΪеۣץסһֱֻۣұɣ
ǧ۾Цʣ㣿
ֱֵͣ˺ӵĸо
ɩɩǾڵң㣿
ޱ飬ǸӲ


ֱ۲ܿƲʹüʧȥղŻȭþȫӡӶû¡ʱڣԼˡ
ǰˣҲ͵ؿôߣȴҪе㲻ӦҲûİ취
鷳ˡ
ɩɩöôס
ǧٲÿɷ񣬾㱻ô˵Ҳ֪Ǻʵľ롣
ϵ̺ʩֻȻһ£ͽΪڷǧͷϡȻҷ˶ǵĵˡغá
ǧٴҲ˿˵ʲôĬĬ̺ӣûʡ
ǺᣬͽΪĵһоʵղžͺ˵Ҷüµ㺦ʲôסˡ
ʱټ˷ǣϵҪãҲֻʣµ衣Ͼ˵ֻɩɩСӡ
ǧٵ״תˣ⵹Ǽ¡
ʶ·ҪȥĶǧڱ
ͽΪĶ߹ɳɳģľζ΢΢̣ûʱףһֲͬ飬̹̣վƭˣҵͬǶϢҲûô䡣
ǰﻹûĻ
֮ǰɣԾ۸ӣ㲻ֱⷨӰνƿ˭֪գ۾ͱ͵֮⡣
Ҫܶϲϰѷǧٴ
ѾȥʱֻаݸһʿţƽǻŵĿԲ
ǵͽΪҪġ
ȥɣҪ˻ž;ȡˣЩֻˡ
ǧٵ״иڷ絲Ĵߡ
ǧİţֻñһƳһԼơڿܱһ飬ſֱϣοĻܲ԰ףתͷȥ
ֵɢһ룬ͽΪǱⷨԭӶеһϢģ˼Ϳ·ӵ˴󲿷ֶ⣬ֻǻȥˡ
Ĵңƽùһֻ׷ϣͽΪ§ŷǧٵȲɴവ˿ȥŵ롣
ǧȻһ
үΪҪˡƽֱ۶ѪҪһ㣬ˡ
ллأˣݸ߸ղһֻǱߣҲȥƣ¡
ͽΪͷָķԼȻȥ
ǧٵͽΪ㡭ʲô
һΪ֮󲻻׼
ȷɩɩѾţ֮Ҫٽңܴﵽ硣
ǧǰִֵسԼ۾û쵫ҪƵģϵвδֻĮȻؾö⺢˼̵¡
ҲΪá
ɷ񱾾Ͳʺ
ڿƺû
ͽΪΪʲôôִŵҪʡ
ֻζЦ𣺡õĽ֪ġ
ǧ٣
ݸߵ״Ǳƽã˹ˣôǸʿһֻСһᣬҲ˵Ƥˡ
ͽΪͬ˿ˡ
û°ɣ
ݸסϲͽΪԭû£Ǿͺáһ٣ϵˣλǡ
̺ͬӣǶֻܿһСl׵°ͼ⡣
ȻǸһֱԲѵˡ
ʲôʱѵģ
Ȼȥ˵ɡ
عͷǿ߰ɡҲ֪ʦֺôˡ
صӣص˶׷ѣΧƽΧˣпġ
ǿ߰ɣӲ
ĸʿǻǰ׳԰׺ȣ
ͽΪһڵŪ죬˲ͣˣеΣɫ糣
ʲô
ǡ壬ﶼֻˡƥֻ±жˡ
ƽҪʹιȥںУĳһֵܶǮı
Ҳû취塭Թؿݸμҵľˣɢ޿һֱǣտʼͲҪǲףҲֶһƥ
ݸʦǶǰȥ̽·ûֲܡ
ǽû𣿡
㡭ǨŭȻ裺ǵţȥʦһǵǲ˵ˣ
תҪߣͽΪڣˣʦֶˡ
˵ʲô㵻ףôģ޸ɵģ
ɱġ붯ҵˣǸ˴ۣ
ϵķǧһ٣ûоƽĿݸӡ
ͽΪڿЦ𣿡ǿ˸Цݣʦ֡
㲻ſȥվҪ˵ľЩҪж߲ж㣬鷳ǰ̣ȻزĲ˵ͽΪתβһſȥǧٷ¡
һƬžŻûȫĻϢͽΪ⣬ڣסıһֲֻɷ˵ϥѣ˴ᱧ
ǧֻļ򣬿ϧ΢ûֹͽΪŲŲϡ
ͽΪģխĿռڣŶ䣬촽ЩСԼĺԴԶķǧҲе㲻ڣԼܶ
ͽΪû²֣û׿š
ǧ٣
˵лл̫裬һֱŸʣԼˣҲԣͷһƳСۡ
ղ˵ֻ˼Ǻޡ
û뵽ھϰΪλߵĿǡЦסˡ
û˵ƭҲԭˡﲻˣﳣ˵ҪΪԼµ¸ǸˣҪ˼ǺңҲίֲɩɩ
ýһ㵹˲еͽΪݵغϡ
һ֪ʲô
ǡͽΪԱǲҪ㡣
죬֪Լ˵˻ȥס֡
Բһȥú˵
ǧԴһƲֳ
ͽΪҲ֪ȻȫΪɰοûãô˵Ϊʧ¶ѳɶ֡
ɩɩûҲû£в΢ɲɱ⣬Ҳκ㡣
ʵ˵ǣҸˣһ
ǧ˻ûãʱǰ¡ɻҲáҪȥ߽ء
ƽʱǾʹָǣű˵ѾѲôصƷ׼
ݸҪǼһһͲˡֻ̺Ҫ
˵ֻҪһ·ܿͻᵽ㣬֪ΪαͽΪб۷һɨ
˱ĲУԹɫɻᣬס졣
Ҳֳڵķǧ٣˽ʱţôͻȻˣ
˹ƽ㱨ҲƼ
֮ǰͺˣϲزס棬ƽúͽΪҲ첻٣˳ƾˡ
λ̺ţŮǽذֲӣӦǸûߵ𣿡
ͽΪղŲԼľܾ̬ȣش˵ɵĻֱӿڣ
ҵˡ
ֱĳһ䣺Եδ֮ġ


20 
ͽΪ˵ȥǧ,Ȼ촽΢ţһɫ
˵ϷӦȭ˵ԭ˹ϲϲڲŮôɻ¡
ղŻ΢ķΧһӻͲ١
ɢȥ,ǧƺúЦ˵˾䣺˵òˡ
˸û,ֻΪαװ¶дʡ
ͽΪˬҸɩɩˣ
ﲻˣ
üΪʲôδޣ
⻹治һʱ嶯ġ
Ŷöָʣöָ,ɩɩ𣿡
ǧٲԣڡ
д𣿡
ǵûСΪʲôҪһ˴ֶһĶ
񶨺ǰͽΪ֪Ϊɫ˵㡣
Żû,ȥһǸհ׵ʿ˵ˡ
ǧ٣
Ϊʲôδޣ
˵ǰ棬ҶƷ׼·,ݸһ˶·,ֱԶ,Ա߹ΪƽԼȥ,̧ͷͿͽΪ
վ,䱸
Ǹ˭֪ĿԼһƳһȥɫƵ˵Բ𡣡
ֱһǣݸЩû
㡭˵ʲô
ҸǸΪɱʦ,ҲҲûöԲ㡣ҪҾͺ޺ˡղ̬ȲãԡԲ𡣡
ݸһ,ðһڣҵǸ𣿡
Ҳ˵
ǡ
Ǹ߸ϵĶμʿ˻ɢ޵Ǹ
ݸ÷˼㲻𣿡
ֵͽΪ⡣

Ϊ˵еί֮ǰ˾Ǹ˭ɫͱúÿ¡
Ŷôһ¡
ͽΪΪҺҪˡ
𡭡ʣʵң
ȫ
ݸظﾹȻЩȸԾ¶ǰ½С˵ʦ֡ʵһֱеǡ
𣿡
šʦʱֻǵͷ֮,Ҳһ𣬻Ҷˣֻܺһҳ·һ˵Ļʲôɲˡ
׼ô죿
ݸãȻҡͷ֮ȳְɣһûá
ͽΪͷû棬ҪʱݸȻֽס
ҸоЩƲɢ޵ʿ̫һվ΢΢졣


ǾллĿ佱ˡ
˵껰ͽΪص
ǧٴˣϣҲ֪˯û˯šŲǰΣģ۾ȴ¶ͷǽ󿴡
ˣƫͷߴ
šѾȥǸˡ˵ɩɩܲ𡣡
һԭµӣüͷִֵšǧٵ͵Сӡ
ֻǨŭѡ
㲻ȸңΪʲôǻÿ̺¶۾
̶нٶȺܿ죬ٹͻᵽߣʱôҲᱻǧٿԵɩɩ֪ҵɡ˵㲻ǷҵѪ
ǧɫƽ
Ȼأ
ɱ㣬ûӦû취
չڵĵط㲻Զ
ǧһ㶣ڵ̧ͷôҳˣ
ͽΪͷ
Ҵȥ߽أҪҸ绹㱨𡣡
ȥ
ȴ˵飬䣬ҧȴ
ϸһȥ
ͽΪͲǴǰǸֻǰװĺˡ
Ҫ˵أ
ͽΪǧüһνȫ֪ڵı߽жΣ㻹͵ܳˣ
û裬ֻǲʲô𣿡
ǧٶǳɫӸֺ̽ǲΪʲôز
֮ǰԵʱͽΪȥʱ˳úܣ֮ˣⲻϰߣҲ֪ʲô̬
ҲֻǸտʼһСѡ
Ҳȥ˵֣Ȼץסǧٳϵ֣ܱͣǽڷƸűĽ룬ָĦǧپû˦ҧ˵˵ûˡ
㲻ߣҾͷſ
㡭
ǧֱԣȴһץȥ棬Ц㻹СΪֻƾԼڱ߽ʲô
ͽΪΪ⣺ˣȥ˲֪
ˣҪǰ˻ͽΪõ³ֶҪȥ
֪ɱ˶Զ˭
ô˵ҸˣʣģĪеġǧһ٣ܸɴࣺˡ
ҸҪȥˡǵ˭
ӵضμңҾ͸㡣

һʱּžֻʱķ
ͽΪɿڣϵ˵㣬ǧٳԼ֣һҲˡ
һʱ󣬳˳ʻϹٵҲˣƽкӪ
ݸճʩչ뿪˰ɣ
ƽͷ߻Ҫһ·߽ܵأʱƻΣաﶼһ䣬ǾӦ
ͽΪ֪ʲôǮʹĥ治ġ
ۿϣݸľкͽΪܺúȣҪ
ճһڻؾݸȴ䵭̬ˣҺǰĲҡ
ͽΪ֪ҪôܾѾߡ
ֵһ⴫ǧٱ˯ǳѣһƳÿͽΪǸɢվһ߿飬ǸŮ޶죬ʱü۶Ц

ô˵ͽΪϲŮţ
˼ֻƣҪܿûʲô˻ȥ
ΧŻģҹ˱Ӫ˯
ͽΪűݸŻ
ʱͷǧٳһܣҲû̺ˣɫòÿ
˭Ҳû˭
˸ԹԱĿʶƮʱȻ˵㶯۾ɻسڷǧϵ̺ӣɩɩ
ӱ̺̳ᴭɫ죬˫һȻ̵ˡ
ǰĽʿ
ȵȣȥƽ˲תҪ³½Ǳǧٿؾסڱ뱻ԼǱӣߡ
ͽΪΪ˲¼į˭֪Էһ仰ǣȥǰ棬ͷضμҡ
ͽΪû뵽£Ȼð˻˵ˣҲȥҪô죿⸱ȥĶ䵽ɢ裿
ǧָһͣû
֪Լ⻰ˣ룬Ȼ뿪μңͲûóκγɹ֮ǰȥ
ɩɩѾܲˡ
ǧʶģ¶̣ɤǿϲǸأ
ͽΪһ٣ʲô
ô죿ôˣ
˰ŷӦǧ˵ʲôһӦЦˡ
ɩɩϲ˭
仰ʸкǿǧü˵ʲô£ֻͽΪȥ˻ˮ
㵫ǰ࿼һ£Ҳڡ
ͽΪµԾɺ޲һλ̬ȫûԼ˿һʱŭ嶯֮˵ȥ
ΪնȵĴɬ֮ǰ͵׵ʱҪͷµʱ
۾µˣǧ۾ǳɫǴ㵡
˶ɲ˷յʱǿ⵵£ʢһ¾ʮͽΪɹܲ
ҪףҪֱ֡øմͷƱúܣǿӲŷǧٵȥ
һ㼦Ƥᣬ̵ȴûֻõ㡣
ͽΪһѣþȫ˽Ĵɿ˲ȥϵʪˣ
ͽΪֻ˵ûɿû衣
֪˭𣿡
֪ɩɩ
㻹
ҸѾˣûɻ飬ʲôϵ𣿡
Ͳ⡣
ǧٱܣڱһͨӻûȫתֻ֪ԣǲԵġ
̺֡Ӹ㣬Լҳȥ
Ϊղŵ΢΢ң˵ĻĮľܾiȴȾź죬Ҳ죬ĵǶϱߵöɫ۳ùˡ
ͽΪҲ룺Ҳ
ѴСһֱˣµʱһ㲻Ҳнˡ
һؼҵͷҾһֱ㡣
á
ǧû˵ֱ꣬ͽΪڳϺݺݵסµ̺Ūң䶯ȾԽԽ̵¡˵ľòƵģֻǴ꣬Ҫͷ̲סüҾ̱ס
ҹ㾲˶Ѿ磬ֻжβʱʱͷƵ


21 
ʿǿ彡,ͺȣǲܵġǧ״ֻ̬˲ýʳһ㡣Ͼڵ,ԿʳΪͳͳϡ
Ҫ磬еͽΪʰʱĻе塣,߶·ȱ첲ȵı˶ˡ
û޺ãԵû
ȴܡ
ƽһ±Ƶȥ﷭һȵҩ˵ҲȫûôͽΪʾԼûǮҪսѺ,Ǯꡣ
ƽĶǮ޲øϽλμʿ,Ժ˱߽鷳,и
߾ȥɣҲͲʯĶԺֻҪǵĳСЦеġ
ͽΪˣҪҡ
˵ľܿص
ǧб,ɫ԰ȴŲ̬΢죬ͽΪʱƳۣЩõĿ,β,дһģ
ɩɩ,ˡֹȥǧûӣƺûܸܽղűС˲֪ٱʵ
ȥšü
Ҫ˵أ
ͽΪǧûʲôؼ΢΢ϢŶղŵ,Ҿ͵ûҩԼȥȥĶ˯ȥĶ˯˵һߵ̺Ӷϥϡ
ͽΪһġ
ЦУҳȥ
ϧվټϷȣǶŲһˤͽΪں濴΢΢ĵ米ԽԽ̨ϵĻе塣
г԰ȥϰȴҡͷֱ˵޲áѾ׻ˡ
Բ֣Ӻǻһȴͺ˾䣺ҡ
ϧֱײСֻԼ¡˵ǰˣղһû׹
ĺٴ÷ǧпϡԴֻԼһҲûУƵ˰ڲ
ͽΪٴνҩ㲻ԣҾιԡ
ǧһ̧ͷı̹ȻݣġҪپֱܾѹԼԤ渶ж
ͽΪҴǰô֪㵨ô󣿡֪˵ʲôǡ
ɩɩ֪Ļء
ǡҿˡ
¿һҲ١
ǧùҩ۵׺ȻðڶμʱǶʱ⣬ǸҲѵϲӰһһơ
̶꣬Ǻӱǰģ
Ȼޱ飬ͽΪĪܸоԼ
ɩɩ
ǧٲµҩ뿴㡣ȥ
ҡ
㲻ȥҳȥ
ͺ͸ղųѭˣͽΪðɡ
÷ǧΪӦиһ˲䣬°ͼϺҧһڣ۾֮ǰ˳
úϢɩɩ
ǧ۵΢΢ۣǰԼȻ˱ȶԶòʡ£ôġ
ӡӺһ֪ôһҪƤȥܼ˵״̬
ӻûԣȥϸ˼ղŵ£ҲûĲʹζʱʮٴλصڣشԼ˸ʵ
ȥָ¶ۣһһ߬úܽ
ڵĳҹܿ㱻ɢ
ͽΪմɩɩζ̺ӣͷվԽʿԲʹƲϡ
ݸѵģһӣ峿΢УһȻǰǰһ֦Ҷ뱻նϡԻġ
ͽΪսʣݸԱ߲ƣָ̾ĽҪԼҲкһѪĻ
ô硣ͽΪк
ݸܳ磬Ҳ㡢ôͿʼˣ
ˡͽΪ鲻ȻˣҪұһ
ԵĽǰݸĴܡܸоͽΪֻɵԼȻӶûŵ
ʱ½½һ׼Ը緹·ݸͷɥʣôǣ
ҡҡͷ˸һߣͽΪŷǧٲ׼ȥҪ߾̾ġ궼ѳɡãҲûʲôϺõѪ
ӦÿԡҲ˵˵ļǽ𵤡
𵤣ǲǲܵġݸЦЦϥϸŵıҲһҪڣֻǡҲ֪Լܸʲô
˶ʮ꣬һֻ޶ԸˡѾʧˡ
ͽΪû˵
γѣǸҸͽΪɧҲûðɡǲʲôţȥɡ
иѡȴȻڣ꣬һϲȥֶβʿǸʦ
ԡ˶٣벻Ĵʣ³һ䣺ֲֻһ·
ݸûӦͽΪѾȥ

ȵȡ
ѲڰοԼ
ƿӣһƬǧٻûѡͽΪẠ̊́ѹʱ޷Ӧǻѡ
ƽǵҩ
ͽΪԼġɹ°ϣĳӡ
ܺã´ǧɳƵû˽ҧҪǸ
ͽΪĦܵţԲ𡣡

ǧپû粻ѡһ۾Ϳʵ¡ƲͽΪ°ϣûȻʲôƵʣɩɩǵǰ𣿡
ǧӵ㻹˼ǰ
ôᡣͽΪɩɩǰôᡣ
ǡΪʱͽΪǸúӣǧɫӣû𻰡
ͽΪԹԵصǲǵǰһȥԺʱ˯ˡ
ǧĻǵôԶ£ڶμǶλԲ޹ؽҪĲ
˵ʲô
ʵ˯͵͵Ĵһ
ôһ˵ǧһüˣôһ¡
ʱֻΪСϾԼûУŮװ͸ôˡ
ζ벻ͽΪʱȴЩ̫¡
ͽΪתǳɫƽºͣһСӽĿǣʹӦңԹԻضμȥòãΪ롣߽ûô򵥡
˭֪ͽΪͷ˳Ĵ
ֺ庢ӵҽ

ǧٶΪŭ΢΢죬ҪûѾһȭ
ȥ
Ҳ
Ҿ͵û
ѾԺÿ춼ҪˡͽΪ׵ûʲôΪֹ
¾ǲԣǲܡ
ҵáӹǧӹһ¹þȴƯòС
ôɩɩϲҸ𣿡ͽΪʡ
һ٣û𻰡
չȥѹϸݵԸִžɫף˺΢΢һ͡
ϲҲûá
㡪
ˣһ˦֣ȥ
ͽΪɫ԰ףеȣʱ̫񻯣Ծþˡ°͵ӡӻûúϢƽͻᵽˡ
˵ͳ
ǸʲôǼһ
ͽΪ㾹Ȼҵֶûס𣿣
ͬһͽΪͱðڽһ͸͸ģղЩ˸һǾҧгݵġȥ
Ǳ˸Ϲġ
ƽһֱͽΪ׽ץס˸ʣߣġδӻ𣿡
ͽΪϲἰǧٵ£ɫ˵ʲô£ֲųڣ֮ǰǧٸ˵ЩĿڣǵҩã
ȻáҪһȥ
⻰ôƹȥˡ
ʱͣˮļ϶ͽΪ˵ҩȥҷǧ١صûôܣǺܲǶǺĮüۿµҩɻȥ˼ǸϿ͡
ͽΪ˶١
ɩɩ
ҡžܾƽԶͽΪֻ÷³ͷ
һ·ͨ裬ǰִ˶㡣ûгֻһСվ˵Ѿķϣ߾Ȼˡ
۵ʿҲһûôģúõĶ߲Ҫȥߡ
ƽ̸֪ħƺƴ󣬲ֹ߽أѾǵˡӶǷ˵ĳӣȥ˹û߽ؾ;һ
ƽ˵ڶҲǲȥߴһˡ
ʼλΪڴˣ
ǱΧķġСû˻Ҫơһָָޡ
ҩڵģͽΪںȻ졣
޺˲صͷ˺֮ǰһٵĵͬ
ٳûյķǧ١ղӣֹգֱˡ
з£ֲܱ¶ǰ
ô죿
ǵļ϶ƽѾʿǴһƬ
ʿǼȰӲҪˣǿϢһ󣬵ʱȥߣǸʱħ޾ί١
ƽȻӦ
ǰ˺ܶԸħ޵ķŽҹһӦװϡ
վСҲûбķ䣬м˵󷹵󷹣÷İ÷ʿƲɢΪ飬ݸԶԶģȻȻͽΪߡ
֪֪˳ȵʲôͽΪ䲻ðһ䣬һ
޵ҿĶ֪ǻͲܸ
ͽΪ벻ð취ٻػʿҲŹ֣ûȤܿɢ
ڵյžϣֳһַ·ڰɫʣ˵ǲôˡ
ݸ˿
Ҫʲô£ҿ԰㡣
㣿ͽΪƵؽͷβƺƷֵֵΡ
ϾҸıʿĶ˶ôִţѱ֤ᱳԼ
ҡҵ˼ҪٸʵסݸϽ֣ǣҪʲôĻҿ԰㡣áԭ򡣡
ͽΪɺӺζȴֻŶ˵Ϊ
ôǵѣ
Ҹղʶ̽ޣһϴ˵ᡣ
ݸһ㶣Ҫ͵
ǽ衣ͽΪԴǰֻ̾ǿ͵

ƾͽΪľ磬Ȼ˳߽ᵤʿĶѣֻҪаݸע⡣
ȻеǼƲ˵ʿͽΪ˵뷴ھͳڣҡҡͷһȥײ˼ҡ
Ҳô
̺˳ǵ۾Դϣ˵ʱĭֱɺܲˣͽΪԱƮƮһ˳ĵᡣ
ҩڵĳаҳۻңͽΪЩһϲͨд˹ЧҲס
ðݸ橶˵˼ǧٵ֢״ս᲻
˼ҳָָǵҩ˳ԵҵҩԴﵽƽ⡣
ͽΪʣ㻹Щ
ʵʲôеȤҲûúѧ
ⵤҩķӲѣվΧֵľУ˿ŵһȥЩӽſڵ¯
ݸ˵ԼֻеȤʵǫˣȥҩƺյ
Ҫȥ޵ˡͽΪðһ䡣
һ㶣̧ͷҿ𣿡
㲻ô֪
۵ЦͽΪһ㳡滰˵ء

ߵ¯ĵҩɣһߵǧٶ۽ޣ˯ѣԴʶŽЩǰһƬģʹ
°Ҳʹ
Լֱ޹ҧ˿ھð
ƺͣˣ֪ǵӳķ϶͸˵Ц̵
֣ͷһƳƳͽΪͰݸվһ
ԱǸͲûСЦɶ仨ͽΪȻûʲô飬ɫǻ͵ġ
ֲòϲǰǸء
¶һȻɫͣȻСӡ
ǸƯŮ˾ϲ


22 
ûô˳,ݸ˺öֻһõ˳Ҳû뵽ܳɹͮͮ˷ܼˡ
ͽΪָѸƺ󣬽᲻ɫǸ,ǧٵȥ
û뵽ţ컨壬ȥʱûõһ
汻ԼͻĸΪùǺ
ɩ
ʲô
ûʲôƫͷһ뿴ı顣
ϸ룬ǰķǧٶ,λ߶λԶݵ֮Ϊ֪λ߾ܶҡԼ
ϾǽʿʱѪ߹,ţʵǿ˭һ޸֮ʮСƽϣ
ڷǧûǸº͵ģڶһˡ
һ뵽ԭ,ͽΪ̲סеˡҲ͸˵,÷ǧٸԵü
ԹԵ˼ϸüëɩɩ,ֻǸСӣͲܶ𡣡
˵,ܾᷭ˸ۡҪչȥʱֵסļ򣺡áҶ˰,Զ㡣
ͽΪŲ,ĵҩݸ

֮ǰǸûʲôá㲻ֻ˷纮Һհ׵ʿһ˳
ղں
ɩɩˣͽΪʡ
ǧͷǿ˵ҩҲûá鸮飬ϣԺŶˡ
˵赭дҲֻװġ
ͽΪμҵ޵ˮƽ,͵ˡ񶼾ڱ߽أȥǸɩɩơ
ǧٺЦ⹦׷Ѿ㲻ؼҡ
ͽΪܲԱ˵ҶûɩɩԼҪȷˣ
һ٣û
ҲȥԼ¡˭ҲֹңɩɩҲС³һ䡣
˵زǧ֪ԼȰˡҪΪڣǿӲֱֶӰŪͻȥ
ʮӦ͹ˣΪʲô
ƷƵƳͽΪһۡ
ûŽ˱߽ص£¾úϢ³ȥˡ
䣬ƽѾϡЩͦᣬǶλǷĳַ磬Ϊ۸һԵģ㹻һˡ
ͽΪǼûʲô⣬кصǧڵ
˳ˣ̵ȥЩͽΪԱоô˯ԺҲ֪ûͷܰ
ͽΪſž͵ͷ
ذѷǧˡҪֱץסʶʵغ֪ⲻΡԼͽΪġ
Ҳ˵˻𡣡ü˿ɶ˵ġ
ͽΪͷȴȥĶǺüңһ·׵촽
˵Ҳûô䣬ȵĴУףЩ٣ֱһ˵Ҳûֹ
п˵˾䣺ҾǱɵĴˡ
⡭ʲôʢ˿ɲᣬ촽ģ˯̺˯ˣ¶ȺܸߣůĺͽΪƵȥǼһ

˶Щˡ¡
£²йˡ
Ǹհ׵ʿǹ
ͷӪ˯Ƕ̫Сˣˡ
ǧٴŲµ˵ʲôˡ
ȻͽΪ̧òѯʣ֮ǰ˭ȵʱһٳ֮Σ
ɩɩ˯𣿡
Ʋ죺ʿ˯
Ҳվһϰɡ
ǧٲ֪˵ʲôѾ̫ˣֵ̧ס۾ȥһЩͽΪ֪ʡ
ͽΪǶŮӣ˯һʲôʣ
ֻǱ
ʱѾҹͷˡվĵ޶ѾͽΪûӦҲûܾǾ͵ǴӦˡǶһһϣץס֡ǧٱһʲôӦ۾
һҹµĹȥ
һų뿪վֱߵ
Ҳ͸մ㣬ͽΪڳüңϾΧ̫ŨңѪζǲƽȵϢ
ʷǧ٣ɩɩܸо𣿡
۵ѾǸˣˣ
Ծ˵죬תοƵԴǧ
Сӡ
˼·ûϵ˵ħСӣƽǰͷ˻Ӿشôһ춯
³鿴Ȼǲ巨ͽΪŻŽгȥǷͣһҪը
ͽΪ̾˵෨Ҫ֪ŻᷴӦֻǱҳײûüըʹж˷ķǲɿ
ȴʱԶﴫҴ򶷵춯ǵıؾ֮·ƵƲ
ηη궼ûˣͽΪ治ֵ֪ô߽ܡ
ȵȣȥ
Ҫߣڴǧٽú񲻴ڣԾɱȷ׽
ͷ˵Ҫħ޾ܣΪԼߵܳʲôӢۡʲôǡ
ͽΪʣɩɩڵң
ûˡ
ǧȷʵͽΪԦŷɵУȻһħޣòˣҪô˫۾ҪôƤϣȻѾħʴѾá
ɱĻһʿˡˣжٻѾڹпʼڽڰˡ
ӣٹһͻᱻ
ͽΪν৵سȥ͵ϮһħޣֱӴͷؿڣڵ顣
ͻȻǳ˶һʿһĸߴŮ˷Ӧ죬ͺڣ
ħǴֲͽΪִնһˣѪΥشᵽ˲֮ڶμҵĺɽǸ֪ʱɢľζ
ҸŨҿɲ
Ȼûĺħ޴ǰڶμʱûǰʿԼŸղŷǧǾ俴䵭ĻǺ죬Ľ֪Ķ˾޴
սһ˲֮䣬ǶʿãȻҴ㶵ؿ֪Ķܳɽħնɱ˶ߵǰˣæȭҾ
ࡢлλѡĸǲģ
ͽΪû𻰣Ǳ߽ģ
ųĸߴŮƺĶӳѪð亹ͷʵǴǰ޽󡭡
ӳ˵ɣǿˣ
ӳһѽʦֺʦĪ
˵ϮǰȻħްأǾɺ𣿣йŹ֣ǻûǱϽ̽
ǣǲǰ˰
ӳƺ˵ʲô̫أһľ͹ڵأļʿϽǰûǻͷͽΪл
һʱزȥ߽˰ɡͽΪʡ
ԡֻܵȴҵ˶Щٳˡ
ȫɡָָԶķ򣺡Ҫߣ
ԭͽΪһȥˣʼ׼ʬˣ˭֪ȥƬ̣ûȱ첲Ȼһӿͺֲܿˣ
ȶҪָ󣺡ѪĹǡʲô
ͽΪƽ˵ӦоУܿͷӦĽҩơͲûЦɶ仨ĵöμʿȻûԼⲻѾʿн
ӳһˣͽΪŴǿе֪˴
Ǵӱ߽ģԭ߽һҪĺսжڵĵӡǧٺͶԶڱ߽ظʿӡ
˵ǱߵȪʱӳһСܳȥһ̽͵ùߵħޡ
ӳʱʦʦϵҪã²Ǿôħ޴˰ɡ
Ӱ̾üۼ䶼Ǿɥ䡣
ϾçײܳĽ
Ȫʱָ˵ʶſھͷڹ꣬ʦڶôչǣ㡢㣬ʦȹһǶˣ
״̬ٽҲǱɡ
Ҳʦҵģ
ͬӵʿۿҪڧƽм䱻˷ĭ磬̧ͷͽΪޱܵȫûȰܡ
ֻԼУλ侲侲˿ڻѿġ
߶̫죬ͽΪصϣһÿȻǧ˫ֱſڡ
ɩɩʶʿʡ
ֹʶƺ˼ͽΪҪȥǴк𣿡
ǧپ⻰Цüۣ⸱˵壿

ûʲôкҲûá֪ҵĴڡ
ͽΪ죬Ǻðɡ
ûӶȪǱʿ˶Ϊǹɱ֮£ƽȴЦˮãҲҪȥ߽أͷǸָ·
֮һ·쳣˳ǰִ˱߽ء
߽ԭֻһƬԭħֵʿ佥ƬϴҪǳءͱһͬСͳһĵط
ͽΪʱЩ⣬Ͼζܶࡣ
ûʬ壬ûвҽкɱǺиָ˻ڽϣ֡
Ҫ˵ﲻͬҲֻгǽߵһ㲻̫һ
ݡͷķǧðһʡ
нյȷʵһݡ
Ϊʲôǲݣ
˵ǲݵҲǾݵ㡣ڵĶ߱սѡ۵׸ֳĻһĨɬҲûӹͽΪ۾
ȥסǧѹû뵽ѾͷƬͻȻһ£ûܶ㿪ֻܱڴϳܡ
ͷ̱ҧһ£еۣͽΪ˵ɿɩɩʲô
⻰㣿ҧŴƺţһ˫۵ֱʹʪĴͽΪҸ㣬졭
ͽΪ̹ȻҶ˵ÿ춼Ҫˡ
ûӦҲû׼ͷ
㲻ӦҲûá
ǧٵĴκܺÿҲܺÿǿ֪
һѹסֳɩɩ֪ҾͲ˵
Լʦʦܿ߶ѵͽΪȻзḻһ࣬Ҳǧٴ˿̵顣
˵䣬Ѿʻƹǰͷ֣ͦüʿӭ߽ŰְȪ̧ȥȪһԼҪȥ󣬿ϧû˴
ϲɩɩͽΪ
ǧٵģǸúӡ
ͻȻģǵɵĻˡ
ȻԼϲǧٽкúӣܱ˽кҲС
Աߵ̺е³ӵǧԴֹǺá
Ҫȥʿ˽һ𡣡
Ҿ
Уƽһ϶ҪжģﲻҲȫ
ǧٳĬһ룬ͷ
ͽΪչֱۣұ㡣
ɫҧ֣

㡭

ǧɫҲܣֹȥǿдlıƹϥѣ۾˵Ļȴһɺ
˵ҪҪб´ôǰԡ


23 
˽ݵʱ,ȪѾָ˸߰˰ˡҲ侲һϳ
ͽΪûڲű߰ѷǧٷ
ղвҪһȺǰδһʱ嶯,ϸ,ôǰ,͵á
ǧٵûϵ˱һͷˣ˿棬»ûִ硣ͽΪ֪︹Լ̺Ӹһɩɩ㲻ǽ֮ʲô£ҾԼȥʡܻ֪ġ
ǧɫ첻̸
תʿǾۼĵطȥ
ڵʿѾڸղŴȪ˵ǰʱͽΪ׷ҾлѾӳһ
û¡Ϊ,ܸܲҵйطǧٵ£
żɽ˭֪Ȫʿһ͡ĳĬУһʿ̿ڣǧ١ǷҵѪǸðƻˡʲô
Ϲ˵ʲôȪͲˬվʦ㲻ûзѪһǷҸˡ
˾ˡӳ㻹飬߽صʿ,ĸҪ÷ǧٵڵ⻹ܸ֪֪ҶѾ˺öʿ
ͽΪϣǷѪҲҴɡǵʦ𣿡
ƺ⻰ЦǼʿһ۵ǺͷǧҲûôҪ,ȻΪѪûѪԺ󡭡ͺһǸƽӹ֮𣿡
м͸ͽΪ΢û˵ȪѾվһȭʿϡܵĵӷ׷Ҫֱǧٲƽӹ֮ˡ
ҲΪ۵֮𣡡
ǷȻٵɫ,ͽΪ߹ȥס䣺㣬һ¡
һûᡪ
û˵꣬ѾߡʣµĵֻĪ
ӳҲǣ뿪߽أǻû˵ءҪħʱô죿
ѾǧٺͶʦֵ³ͷˡġܵӳ𡣡
ݸƽж߽ݾ仰һǧپԱߣΪڽƹղӰǰһƬŨĻ谵
㡭
֪ΪΣо˴ʱ˿̿Щ֪ôݣѯʵĻ㲻֪ѿڶǸ㻹𣿡
˵ԴƫƫƺǴӰɨһۡ
ݸ˵ʵͺˡ
Ͼƽ˵˺ͽΪδӣͽΪҲ˻úܽԼ֮ǰֻһǸʳ顣
ָʲô
ҪɳһЩĪģܺ
Ϊ㿴񡭡Ҳ׼ȷݡ
ǰǰʿЦģ谵Ľ˵еһƥȺǡ
û¡ȴº͵Ц⣺𣿡
ңݸȻͷǣҪʲô
֪˳ʲôͶȴȻȻơΪǰ͸¶һɴݵλϢ
ϲͽΪ𣿡

ݸȫûϵʻǺ죬һӷӦ˼
ϲֻΪѵϲᡣûҪǸ˼
˵᲻֣
סˡ
ȴѾʲôƵĵͷݸĶӡ
ǧٴ̺ƯβƳȥıӰӣⲻʧ𡣡

ͽΪȪקھƹݵһߣˣûü˵Ϊ¯ڵ⿴ǵĶ
ȪãȻʣѣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҪʷʦ𣿡
ͽΪԡǸʦ㡣ʵ֪Ķ
ʲôڵ۾ģĶ
ҲԣһͽΪĽҸղſֲӦǸʿôҪҪ֣һɱ͵ıҶ԰֡
Ȫһ㶣ͽΪĿϿķӦ˭֪˼ûоܾҲûнܣȻһԼŷȭͷǼȪŭȣҶʦԣ˱ɣ
ʲôõģ㲻ҪЩƷ𣿡
ǵ㶫ܱȵʦжҾᱳһҪȸɵ̰֮
ϵڸղžͱȡֿȭ͸ҺͽΪһ̧סУˡϸˡ
Ȫ
±űͽΪײ˵һȸղŸһ˵Ļ
ƭġǶԶãֻѰġ
Ȫ
㶲ȹϢ
㡢˼ǣ㲻Ҫɱʦ㣬Ƕʦֵġ
áͽΪôȣеžȻûԼ͵ܳҵ´ղֻ̽㡣ǧɩҲöôԶɣ
Ȫߴ΢Ķô˵ȷ㡢üеʦ֣졢찡ҶʦֵʲôҸղžȻʦֵãʦ֡ҡ
ͽΪҿԼ𣿡
ȪĨΪ̫ðͷ֮ǰֻǾеôôü͸Źɷĸоʦ֡˵μҵŮǸɷʺǸղǿֲʲô
û˵ͽΪԼ˵ˡ
է߽أʿǶ˾׷ǹʵĲͽΪҪҵһͻƿڡȪͺܺʡΪ֮£ûбջ󣬵ζӳ֪Ҳࡣ
ֻ˵ղǻ̽Լ֪ǧĶֻ׸籨
ȪΪ춯صᡣ
ءʱʦ˵㣬Ȼʦֵòܲȥűߺ󣺡ʵҲ̫֪ϸʵڱǸá
ͽΪ㺰˭ã
ǽʱûиȥ
бź֪ΥҵҲøȥһתȥСһǻŻ˵ġе㡭
޷ֱ˵˭
Ȫ֪˵ϢڵأͽΪ׼ȥҡ
Ѿû˸ղŽŵķΧҶɢɢֵģϸһĲǲ裬ȫǾơ
Ȫں˵ǰһӲźħ޷ͻħӦòŵս꣬ҲûֻܺȵǣԽԽķˡ
ԱþиʿƵ˳ײͽΪϣȪǳʲôģ
ͷǸǸ;Ƶģߡ˵һˡ
ŵã˵Ǳ߽أǮζķҲ١
ȷкܲһ
͵ſȪͻȥˣͽΪǧǱ߿˿ӾͲµûʳʲô֪ʵЦջˣ
ûͽΪƵ
ʲ
û˵꣬ڿ÷ǧٲʧԼһ˱Сȥģ˵ȥˣûָҲֻƲ죬С˼ͷͲñˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϣһ·Ӧò⡣Լ
ͽΪеźɩɩȻݵмĵطУʵָлͦõģ̫źˣֻðȥСƵزһֱɩɩ
˵ĻﲻĨǻ⣬Զֱ״顣Ҫղŵġǧٿ۶գҪ˻ҪԼôһ˵ѵð
ðβźߵֻעĿִ֪磬Сӡ
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ҧҧûסɩɩǴˣڸҼƽϡ

˵ʲôﲻͲͽΪʱȴؿĳΥ͸Уŷǧٲ㣬ɩɩؿڡ
ǧ٣

붼û;ܾ
Ϊʲô
Ҳϲˡ
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㡪
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ͽΪȴû⣬ʳôһҪܶǰ̾˵ǧƽյܶ顣ʵǣϲ滹棿
ͦϣϲġ
˸еӵĵطͽΪ˷ȥ½һͣɫ΢䡣еĶˡ
ǿ
ǧٽʱ˰˰ʯġ
ͽΪ֮һֱڲϣƺڵġ
ɫͻȻúأǧԱ߿Īô
ҡ£¶СһıûʱǺǰˡ̾ŵº͵ʣôˣ
ǸղǸײҵġͽΪૣ¶ݵᱧزٶ죬תֵ
һˣһᵽϢˣڽʿԲǼ¡
İҪм俪ЩطЩ֪ͨδķŲ۸ӡͽΪƾʶ֪ȫİҪҹգӾҵˡ
²ͨķˣܴ˳߶һͷ׷Լų̼ڷĴӴܣϧǱͽΪ½ǡ
ȵȣߣҽѽһüĿģЦͼ׽Ǻƽˣлúá
ҡ
˵ʲô
ͽΪȻǿ񣬻ҡ
ǧһ٣ƤߵͽΪ
ƺǵһμ¶ֱ顣ͺ͵ߵĲ͵ǿصòصı


24 
Ҳû뵽һ鲻ֵǮô,ͳúã㣬һˣ
˴Ƿ,Χǽ,һͷԶú,͸ǹϢ֪ԼܵȥɴͶ
ͽΪѷǧٷȥһѶö
꣺Ȼ񶼻ˣǲǿԡ
ͽΪ͵˵Ķܣ
ֱ̽۷ʹֱУ֪ǰǲġ
ߣ侲侲ѽɱ˿ǻӰеģҲ롭
ֲǷˡͽΪ翴ˡ
ῪЦ,ô᲻Ƿ
컬úܣͽΪһҲţýֶȰȸͣ죬ǧپߡһֻܱŸ
ǧٴͽΪͷƿź棬ͷ,Це¶ôȷͨˡ
ҲɢػһЦ¶Է뿴
ɩɩ,Ƿˣ̽鲻ʲôͽΪԱߵ͵
ǧٵŵʿ˵׼ħޡ
ģ
ûΪҲֻǲ²⡣ȻҪϻȪǶǾ֮úüһ°ɡ
ͽΪͷ,ħޣǵԴܶࡣ¡
ǿһֱץֲ㣬ܲܰҴ
ʻĶȻֻǷǧ١
ղǸŭģ붼ҪܾĻ㿨ݼ䡣֣̯񣬲ƵʣͽΪҪһֱΪѾûа
ΪʲôϵͽΪüǰִֵĺӣҵĵһ
˿ҲֻС滵˵һòޣҪĴǼֵǼе˵ĸ顣
ǧ򴽣ƹĲϵú¹ϣͽΪ˵ллȴѾƫͷȥһԲ
뿪ʱ˵⡣ЩҪʿǺϻﲼµģħ޹Уʿǿ岼ĵδǸֲ
ͽΪȻڳκһ֧飬߳ͱס
üŹưҲƷ˿֪ݲˣû㰡ĸӵģ
ͽΪúܣġ
ģĿ⻳ɣϾϴĲڵۡ
꿪ʼиͣ˸Ľҡɫסɿ꿪ھ͵ⲻǷҵһȥǱ͹Ƶģˣ
ң
ͽΪû˵ǷʿȻϵӸµŶ㰡졣ôˣʶ˭
ʱûһңãǧٺܻܿᱩ¶
Ͳ
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ʿһ˲ɫ΢ͽΪֿ廨СĬ룬ˡ
⡢컯֮£Ȼöֲ֪֮ܵ£
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Ӵһʲôϡġⶼ4712ˣͲֻǿƵˣûôǿľͰƽɣС࣡
ʿŭҵַᲢۣ
ǣðˡ
˱һͨʿʲô綼ûѵͨظͽΪ
ȻڵģǾǶȪһ㱨һΪǱ߽ؾ˭ߵˡ
ȻԶֻзҡ
ͽΪ֮ǰڲݣЩʿƺ˵˺ܶ׷ɱǧ١˻ǡ
ͷǸˡ
ʿڰʾˣŲֽסȵȣ㱧ŵǸ˭Ҳڵģ¶ҿ
˵Ѿǰ־Ҫȥժڷǧϵ̺ӡ
ͽΪҪҪɴ֮ʣǧٺȻ˫۹Ĳӣס
һ㶣ʿҲһ㶣Ա߽ͣʵʵϲһš뿴
ʿ

ʵֻ־ݡ
ͽΪŷʿŭȥıӰҪԶЦôϰ壬Ұһ׮鷳°ɣԷҺæġ
ͽΪܡ

ղŷǧٺȻȷʵе¡
ٿԱֵ߱ˣɫ糣ʲôû֣ö̵ͽΪеɵӡ
ɩɩҸ
ĵģ֪
в֪ͱ˵ģ
ǧƯһУû𻰡
˵Ϊ˲סʶӦҲе㲻ԡҪǸղԱߵ˲ͽΪ϶ôɡ
ôƳԶ˼Σó˸Ц
ԼĺûȫУȻʶȥһ
붼ҪͽΪղΪ˸ôżͺ񡭡

ǧٲ֪ԼʲôĪеķңԲȥ롣
صݣȪ˵ʼĩ鱻ؽηͻ
ħޱħʴǲͬһ﷢컯Щ˳ǳβ߳۾ĢԼϢαװٺãҲŰǹ˻ܿ
Ȫ˵꣬˵طʿ⡣
ǰ˴һʼûǵħޡӶǸء˵ʦôҲ⣬˰Ӷμ°ߣҲֻڶߡ
ҲɡͽΪûǻȪΪ⣬תǵ˵ԸŻݼ۸ҰǰҪסҲסǶ˵еģʦֵãҿԿ֮š
ϣھڵһԱˡͽΪͷл
ʱǧûһ²ȫ㼱ҪȥȪȻã֪ʦֱġǡɩɩأһ㶼˴Ӷμ°ߣ֪Щʲô𣿡
ͽΪͷ˼Ⱥͱˡ
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ͽΪ֪˵ʲôοҲᣬһʱ嶯֮³һ䣺ҸǸֳδǸõ¡
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̧һüһѩ׵룬ٲȻһӡӡ
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СǣͽΪСĶѧֲĶ
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Ŷһ¡ҲˣͽΪ˵츳Ҿ֮ס֣ҲͽΪÿ۵ġ
˵껰صϣǧЦǸ鲻ͦõ𣿡
ͽΪûҺɩɩáɩɩ˲֪ٱˡ

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ǧֻŰݸܸܲϽת⣬ԼͽΪβҲʵֹϵܽˡ
мȻĲۣǴá
ͽΪ׼ȥȪ˵Ǹˡ
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ҪǰĻΪӰ졣
ͽΪеۣ˵껰Ͼߡ
ЦЦģҲôϣԼԼ
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Ȫĵַĳ̣˵˲ʦֻǸͨޡ
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żɽ˵ԼȪģҪԶ¡
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ӳͽΪ
ǡôΪʲôڲݣ˹˵һ
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ӴǸձɽϲǳͽ˵Ҫħ޴ǵĽ磬ⳡħ֮ô껹ûͷأ
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Ƕμү飬űסҲֻ˹
˵𣬴ϱߵͽΪ˼ģܾЩԽԽʡ
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ʶʶǧٵԶ뷨ô֪
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˵ˣҲ㡣Ȼˣһ뷨
ͽΪôҲԸڣɫࣺҲ˵һҪԼ¡
ǧٵ԰ɣȻֻͽ͡

ͽΪͻȻѻ˶ȥȥ۵ķԼסˣ˸ʽֱۺȻмʹսƻ÷ǧٵԾ΢΢ݣȻֹס·ž棺ͽΪ
ɩɩ˵ͽ𣿡
Ϊвңۣб·ȥԼߡ
ͽΪҲе㲻Ը⣬˵ڶվѣҲղ˭˸̹Ȼ˵ˣԭɩɩˡ
ЦڲžãǶԶá
ͽΪһ٣۾ɩɩϲ˭
Զ

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ĨĪķ룬쵽󰲸Ƶġ
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Ҫ
ȷʵ֮ǰǷӦ֪
ǧٲྱһƬȵϢеŤҲô֪ΪʲôûƿǹСȷʵͦġ
šգֻÿɷأñӺðһ


25 
ȪǵլۡȻλƫ㹻,ƽͦ£ǸԺͽΪΪ䷿һһһš
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ͽΪףɫ΢,ȴ͸,ĵȻĲƷ
ɩɩҪԡ𣿡
ǧٵϾڲʿѽ
֪Լ˵˻ǣȵȡ
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ˮϵĵӰǰ۵һԼտ,ڷǧٶԣҲͦİġ
ͰŲڣѾۣɢɢ뿿ڴϡͽΪһûǰڴ߽,û
ǰŶµɵǾͱˡ
ͷסl°ͼ,ͽΪôҲʱؾȥϸϸ˼ҡΪûʶǵģģ۽ޱܵһʶ
ɵһһӳߵȻ󡪡
ڵһ£̧
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ͽΪǰ㻹ڶμҵʱ򡣲Ҳֻǿ¡
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ʱʵ죨ʵû죩һ
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˯һָ´ǿվͰ߾һˮϴ֡
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ôˣšüû̫ȣеϰˡ
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ͽΪ߽̣ȴɽϲڽ׳˶дԥ壬˼ûӦ߽ȴͻȻӱ̧ͷڿһ˲¶Ƶġ
ʦҸ˵ǣȥʦҲûˡʦΪǣҲܡ
ʲô˼ͽΪֱԣס·˵
ǧ˵Բ̵ʦ֡㰢֡û룬޽󣬲֮
ڵһ١
ͽΪһ·լۡžƿţǧٺϾкȲ裬̧ͷͼһµɫȻΣɽϲûԼĻ
ô£һʵĿǡ
ʣʲôô£
װɵ˵ҸˣҸ粢û֪ԲԣΪʲôҪң
˵ˣҲˮ
Ҳ˵ˣܲˣ
ͽΪǵһζԷǧٷôĻ
ɫ䣬䣬Ҳ˫۾ŭ̵֮úҪðյ
ǧĪеķҪǴǰͽΪȡ̬ȶζݣԼһʲôǶԶңǶ¡
ֻǵ뷨ͽΪǺȥͱƵģ˵ҲУûԹ˭֪ҵвУԸ½ֻۡΪҸ籨Ϊ㣬ϲ˱ʲô
ǧЦϲ⻰Ǳ˵ĺá㲻ദһ겻ġ
ʱйϵ𣿡ͽΪϣˣҾϲôˣ
ɫڹ߲ʵԵ־ǿ棬ǧǵߵ˵Цһʱû˵óǰ˵̬Ȳ๡
ͽΪ
㲻Ŷ԰ɣֻ֪ҵСӿһֱǡҴû㵱ɩɩڣǰ
λĳԶ֮ǰ˵ЩԭЩͷķǧٶͣס˲ѵ֡
һμ¶ֱ顣
Ǵ侲ģȴޱ飬Ư̧ΪԼˣضϣʣ˵ʲô
ϲ㡣ĵ˵˵ڶ飺鰮ϲСһֱǡ

ǧüסëգ
ͽΪһֱĻ˵˵һ飬˿ֻ泩ҲС˵㡣
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ͽΪû뵽һֱôġ
ǰɩɩ˵иϲˣ㻹ǵ𣿡
šǧֻܻӦ
ŮˣҴҸ㽲ɡ
šǵá
Ϊμһ˭ܲҵŮ
ǧû𻰡
һ˲˴ǰԼν̬ͽΪûϲˣͽΪ˵Լϲ곤ߣԼΪ°˵һ١
ͽΪʱشʲôţ˵ϲ°׿֮ˡ
Щû⣬ȴȫ˴ͻ
ǰ죬ǷǧĲѲûȹ䵽˵ϡͻȻվתߣ԰ϸݵץסαͽΪı飬ֻ΢ŵ㲻Ȼǻ
㡭ȳȥ
Ҳ˵زˣ׾ͱʲô£ɩɩҸղŵĻ𣿡
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𣿡

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ˣҧеףˣϲң˰ɣڿԳȥ˰ɣ
lļͽΪƳ֣¶⣬һһ߬úܽ
ðɡ
Ųһһϣ˸ɴˣڻָž
ǧ֣͵һʹУ죬Ƥ˸΢ɬָӡ


26 
,ͽΪ˸硣Ϊһûô붨ʱԼͷǧٵ¡
糿ƿ,ڵҲô򿪡
ͷǧٺɲɵĿӡ
ŵǺƽʱûʲôһƤţҲڿʱһ١
ɩ
Ļû,Ťͷߡ
ͽΪ
ɩɩ,ȵȡȸȥ,ǧҲ,ߵٿҲܿùͽΪ־ʢ,׷ʣɩɩϺö˵𣿡
ǧĿǰû
ͽΪϳ硢ϡá
㷳˫һ䣺ľȥͣ˵
ͽΪΪʲôһҹ̬֮־䣬컹ôġ
㿼ǵôˣ
ʲôô
ͽΪҪҪĵҵδޣ
ǧڵؽŲһ,ЩֲʱðҲû룺ܡ
ġͽΪΪԼСӣϲ㡣
ϲҵ˶ȥˡ
ǧֲӺȻһץסСòͽΪӡ֪ʲô,Ц˵ҪøһߣȻ棬ܷǧٴ,Ҳֻƽſ
ôϲҸ磿͵ʣϲûɻҲҪعѣô,𣿡
ǧЦҾҪعô
ץסһ,ûתߡ,ͽΪû׷
լۡСǺͰݸ춼ڣǧû,ȻֻԺתתͽΪҲٹլֱۡݡ
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ͽΪһݣݸͷɫãµҩ鵣ĵʣͽΪôˣﲻ𣿡
ȪҲˣ⻹ûħ޴ˡ
ûˡͽΪ߹ȥղŷǧٵ̬ȾҾǾá
ã
ŮѶ
Ȫ
㲻Ůˣ
ǾǳŮ˺Ѷ
ԣͰݸһۡϾڳ˵ƽҲһʮǰ룬ȷʵͳ찤ߡ
Ȫ֪ͽΪ˽£ݸȴ֪ġʲôòͽΪѲɡԼδӳˣ
ܽġ֮ǰֻ˵仰ǸˣƾֱǸˣԹԾ;óܶͽΪģ־͸ˣҪ侲һ㡣
ͽΪ
ﵽƢж
ôҲǷꡣȻǧ˵ϲҲûãԷҪһֱԼһۣҲе˻
Ҳ׹ҲԷǧٸɵĺܶ¹Ʊ绹񣬵ͽΪȻҪġ
ֹ塣
ȻҲôó׵ԼɵXǧٹƶ֪ڳԴס
Χʿ̫֣鲻ˬۣתһ飬վǸأ
Ȫʲô
֮ǰץǸʲôŵġħ޻ʲôˣ
˵ȪֳüСӸһ֣˵컯ϸɾëûС
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ݵһηʪ谵˳ʯȥˮͺڲݶдܶ
Ȫ˵ץħ޶ᱻǿʣһ뿪ħħħ޾ͻᶸȻ񲷢񣬻˼ͱΪֹûʳʲôõġ
⿪ηǰķӡ̧̤ȥ
첻쵹ǾӣҲͷ˵˵㣬Ȼ¶СЦޱʿĥӡ
ⲻϰҳȥˣʪĲݶҶ˵ҲħˣȻûһҡ
ͽΪԼʲôȪ֣ұʲʲôԼҲ޼¡ǻΪʹйĻˡ
֪ˣĿһӸˣ˷ǧ벻¡
һԲ̧ҪߣϽץסĲϰţȥӳҳ¡
붼롣
ɫһģϰѲ鳡ʧˣ
ſھ˭֪ĺĺ
ͽΪͲ⣬Լû֣ôͲµô׼
Ӵ˵ˣ쿴ɫЦȻô˵еʲô˶лŮⷽ»˽⣬ҪҪԸϰıߡ
˽Ҳûãǧֲеġ
ͽΪ˼һᣬôȥҲǺɩɩ棬Ҳ֪Լ˵˭Գ鳡ҲС
⣬ѽתǰ¡
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סգգһ˫ۣԥء
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Ͼϱʱʮһ꣬˵Ŷ⡣
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ãǧٺ͸ո˵һ䡰ܡ
ͽΪ
ӵγʱ򣬲һ룬ƵʿѲʱ䡣
ȥʱɫͲã˭֪Ժ
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ǧ˵׼ϲһ׾Ű˵׳
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ϾĿԸģԱôģ
ʲôкûˣݸںе㵣ǡ
ⵣһֱϣͽΪһЩ룬Ժûˡû
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ڵڻţͽΪڵķ䱻ƿ˻ף𣬶ˣͽΪδӦ֪䡣
ǶλصĹĪηУҲͰݸҴŵǰǸпͽΪ𣿡
ǧٽһ죬ǱǳѵģڶûôѣϿһΡô
ݸı磺𡭡Ȼ
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ⷬʵǺݺݱԲһԺͼӴ׵Ĳ
ʲôͷͽΪȥĶ᲻ʲôˡ
ǧ붼һͷġ
˵˾䲻ôôɥ
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ݸȻܱ˵˼δ޶ô˵ˣ˵Լô졣ֻ÷׷ɢȥ
ǧٿʱ̣ʱаʱСֱŤҹҲˮƽˣϷﵹˮһʱ䡣
һʱܿȥͷֻʣԽԽžҪǸ˻п
ǧ޳ָûţһһ졣
߽ûʲôȥĵط¯ǹŵģȥĶ
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Ҳ˵ˣҪҸ籨𡣡
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뵽⣬ǧ˾䡰ɵӡվҴŶȥ
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ĶģȥҪһ㱨
ǧҡͷڵʿȥ𣿡
ڣûаɣ˳ȥģûо
ѵûȥ
˿л۷ȥüȴԽԽԳء
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ڵĺ㡣Ҳ֪˭
ҹʱúܿ죬¸߹ңʱһΣѵҹʱ̡
ͽΪԼصĺӽһ˦ľ޴ƻ˷ĩֱܿԶ޸á
֪ظ˶ãعʱᣬĶĥ˲Ƥһ⣬Ȼˡ
ԼĶӣȻûһ۾ļ⡣
ⶫǿʵİɣ
ԼԶûܱˣ
Ƿǧ١
һֶ˶ڵء
ҪǮһӻĺ֪ɥʧʱ򲻾ãվЩѡһԵڵأ󶹴󶹵ĺˮ˳Ŷǵǰе㷢
һôƴƺǰҪͻƽᵤԲʱ
ȻǸʱѾĵĳʵҪ𵤾ԼҲ뿪μȥ߽ҷǧ١
ͽΪ
ϤſشǼٵһϡ
в죬ʶ̧ͷȥȴǦһ΢ʹӹؽڴ֨֨
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˵ǧֻֽ֪ǲǴлŵδɢĻš
Ϊ˵
ͽΪҡ
һǣҲһΪԼ㡣
˵ǲ͸ԵúѷԵòĪ߷ǧЩ
ûи˵ҺЩΪѪ츳Աƽӹ֮ˡȴȻһһԱֻǸԼҵĽڡҲôΪ
㵱ҽ³ǱɷҲںҿִԲŵͷڣΪҪǿľˣ
ͽΪǿ΢΢̧˫ۣε΢΢ҵڷ½Ȼһһҹģ˺ܾáѹֺҡ
Щ⣬ȴñǾ䡰ܡ˳ࡣ
ܰǾ䲻ջȥ𣿡
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ûзҲûԱϵֻǣеģԲ
΢΢һ㶣ĿߵĽһƬǽѲһȦȷûһȾͶȥ棬Աڷйʲô
û׻عζͽΪ˺һȥֽŲõȦڻǧٱһ·ҹۣǱ˵óѣҲں
ͽΪ֪Լʱ˿Ķ˹ýĲѣ˵ȻôңʹӦ£һҸõġҺܻ˵ġ


27 
Ȼô,ʹӦ£һҸõġҺܻ˵ġ
ֵͣһԼʳﲻԸ,Ϣȫڷǧٶ˲̫ڵԸС
ļ򣬿ϧֱһҲʹ֪Ϊ̫ãΪ˵
㡭ȷſҡֻ
Ҫ롣ͽΪĻô׾ͷᣬխ,ӵøЩȺغɩɩ졣˵ʹ
ǧֲɵô᲻֪ʲô
,ɻΪӲΪģûжͽΪԽԽ΢΢ѹŵ۵˸ɵİ,ʱ,ָⲻץϡ
ͽΪһĺζŷǧٵ°ͣݼ,ͬĥһ
о΢΢˲,סֽɥʧƾܵ
ⲻӭ,ƺĳĬĬһֱֻкӵ·ķʽ
ͽΪӶƮģ;÷ǧͷ,΢ͷһ׾ֹסӺÿɰ
ֲ쵽࣬۵ǿԴӲ汻⿪һֵģͽΪ֮ǰԹĿӽ⿪ȥǧٴӺ©ϧͳͳģڴ䣬ֻüԽԽء
ͽΪʶ⼸ѾƮֱӳ嵽⣬ﱾƵĶ֣ռС

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ľĺʿ᱾ܵزȡָʩ
ɲǲں¡
ǧٿһ۾ͶˣǾúЦ
ѩ޳ͣ٣ԴģѾҹһƬڣͷӽ侲Լ֪ԼղΪʲôûƿ

ͽΪ˸൱Ρ
εѷǧٱףѹڵףǿԼﱻףͷϣһײأˡ
Ӷǵߵģͷ©۵Ĺ⡣գգ۾ŷԼ˴
ʱƿ߽٩˾䣺㻹Сӣ˯˯ȡ
ԴһϴͽΪ΢ãؿŷǧȥѴƿڴתһˮݵǰ
鵤ĩȥϽ
ͽΪʱڷΥ͸ˡԼָһʹ̧̧
ĺ
ԡ

Ŀٿؿǧ٣ɫ糣ΪɫԿûбһֿͨеŪø졣
ʲôˮˡ
̧˵ʵɩɩιҺҲ졣
ǧٲɫԳơ
Լȡ

ƵηػӣΣ²ڴ£ҪúܽͽΪǰöɫ۾ǰ޼ɵһڡ
ͽΪúһͣͽΪ֪һֻȦסȥһףҾԼҩ

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Ĳ˵Ƣţǧٱ˭˵ȹƾ治ȡ
ĬƬֻ̣Ʋ죬͵øӽһһ¡
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ûʲô
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һֻ쵽һߣøŽָĦ΢΢Ķ⣬ҲҲס۵СȷٵĴϢں
аλߵࡣ
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ӻӡǧٲô죬һȻ̬ȡ
ͽΪüɩɩ֪ǻ𣿡
һֱû㣬ҵĿ쾵չҵڵ֮˸߰˰ˣǲû׷ǱҪܶࡣ
쾵ֻռʿڵϾǣǵΪŸɻ
ɷǧΪʲôҲ
ͽΪǰȥ첻ģ֪ΪһɲõԤУץסֲӣɩɩ棬ңһȥ
ȥȻأǧٻͷƳЦʣͽΪһʮͬǽ𵤵ʿ𣿡
ͽΪô֪Цݣ֪Ϊ͸˵ƽ񣬲ץ֣㲻Ҫȥץɣ
ǧû𻰣һ̧һ˦֣ó棬顣
˵أûǱ䡣
ģ֮ǰ˵κʱ򶼲һŭҲǱģֻ־塣
ͽΪס
ƺԴԺûƽù֡
ǵ֪ԼΪϣĿڵĵ侮ʯ̬ȣǴݵģǿЩ仯˺
ͽΪ֪ǡ
֮ģǷǧٰԱ
ʧȥΪʿܸʲôʧȥѪķܸʲô
ʦʦļ׷ɱǧֻʣЩʲô
ʲôûˡ
ͽΪ㱵μҵĵ޿ЦŸ˵ǧٹͽˣԺ֪ԼΪʧŻ˻ܰɡ
ûбֵöôܹ룬û
붼û׼ȥͶϵһԲŴûԼ֮Ĵ㣬ùҹƵԼ
߽ء
ֻһֱÿ죬ǱӴģͽΪҲоǻƣԸ׼ȥ㲻ΪȥˣҾͻԹԷضμҰɣΣ
ռϷ磬ǿдӺ˹̶ڻ׵òС
˵㲻Ա𣿡
ǧޱ飺Ҹ㲻һ
Ĳһˣ˾ǷˣҲãҲܴùǣҽҲ㿴ҵܲܡͽΪĽ৵س߬ҴӮˣͲ׼ЩеûģӦһ
ʲô
ȥԣ㲻ҪϲҸ磬ϲҡ


28 
ųʶ̽,ԺʮʿǧԤϵõ׼
ͽΪû𻰣͵ǴӦˣǿа˱
ʶٿŽͷǳʮѸӲӰһ޴Ľ,ֲֻҲԵһʱĹơ
ץɩɩ
ô˻ǧ˵ˡ
ˡ
ǰʿԺŻ,ͽΪƷա
н𵤵ľ磬ʿһ,̻,Ĺ׷׷ںͷϮ
ûãԴϻ⡣
ͽΪѾתۼɵ֮⡣
̾սٶȲ,ϵȴοԳٶȱȲѪʹС
ÿǿʱõĳּ̿ʯͽΪΪȻû뵽ȴʵʵһȷ˵Ļᡣ
ͷٿؽ,ʮѾ޽ԶķʿȥҲû,㹻ˡ
ôĶ,ȻҪеʿ
˳鿴,Ȼ㿴˶ĻһĻ
ô£ǡҵģ׷˭
ι˭ͷǰ˴
ǲǲ̫ڲڶʱɡ
״£ʿǲײ֣ͽΪҲûָǡ
ֻҪǧٵݲ¶,Լֻһʮ¶,Ǵž͵߽ͬصʿΪС
ʿͷ˵ĽĶأϾ֮ǰǱ̰֧ѡ
ҲǷҺԼĴûƾʲôҪ
赲һ,СĽҲüʿˣڱ߽н磬ûýȺ𣬵Ҳǳ
ӣȥǰ취
ʿΪҹϮ÷Ѵ֮ϾӶμҰѷǧٴߵǹ￴ƺһͨʿ
˶ڣܽ¡˵׼ܻ׽ͻμңǷŮǷһ顣
˭û뵽һôѲ
ǰִ˴رνôʿţͷħޣҪ֪Լڶ᲻ᡭ
죡ӶԶӰǧھǰҪҷͻƽ𵤴ԲͲһ֮ңıõ֣
ͽΪû뵽ôΧۣʿûֵ˼
սϲҪˡϱߵӣ𼸸ˣֻҪϵĻսͲռơ
ȥݡĬ˺Ȼǧץס·̾Ҳ֪ȪǺӻġ
ҪǱԭ㲻͡
û¡ҵġ
ͽΪһз𲻿ɽĲ֪ԴͷΪԼǿǧҲȥ˰æ
ֲСӣҲΪĿơ
Խøյ÷ǧ΢΢üҲ֣û취ֻԺԲˡ
⡣
ԭڵĵֻڿϷͷȾһۻңǺηʥܱʮʿԻġ
һϿǵӰȻٰײæ֮¸Ͻ㣬Ĳݴȴұײ˸ϡá綼ֵס
ͽͽΪȪ㵵վô㣿ôͷҵĸˣ
ûո͡Ҫҡ
㣿ǡһΣͽΪǸע⣬ʩΪͽΪģģؿȴĪһ
˭
ˡ˭
˵ͽΪֵҸǾС
˵һͷµΡ
컹ͷ˶Ҫ˯ˣŽŲֱֱԼűƻ򿪣һͽΪ㲻ǾͰҸæ
һ㶣æصͷʲôæʲôæЧ͡
ܳսʵޣҲˣͽΪ꣬ͷʯ鱻ƷɽǸӵĽҪץסǧ١
뿪ΣѾȼմĽζطƻ˸߰˰ˡȪͼʿһ
ӳȰ¡Ƿҵ˽¡һ˼ס
ʵҪﶼǰţȪǿмסǼޡ
ޣ߽һĵطʲôʱǷҵĵˣ
ӳȰ棬Ǿͱˡ
ҪһͽΪʱŶӷӦ죬һǽƵ׵罣ת˸ֱ
ͷݶڵͽΪֲٿؽˣɳݡ
Ȫ״ʩչסʮʿڵľݵ㻹ǰɣ
Ȫҵҡ
ƺƶֻƾһҲܶԸͽΪתţ߸һѵ䲻ɣ
Ŷˣöٲƽʦʦǰ㡣תͷ⣬ڵĵܵɫŭȴûһǰҲͦôʶʦ㡣
ȪȴЦҼǵ㣬һֱڱ߽ءʦ㻹ʱͷʦҲδΪѹ㡣ڽһ䣬硣
˵ʲô
ô߳ŭˣ
ʿҧлдȪȴʱһӰڶ֮䡣
һ
ͬмһ֧飬ץذ׳Ц䣺ϰҪʵġ
㡭㲻Ǿ¥Ǹ
ѽǵҡڲ;ˣʱ֡
ҹʲô
ǿɲС
Ͼһͦϲġ
˷ˡ

Ҫ󣬲ʺĴӴܣȥ²ߡ
ͽΪֱ֮ǰһεĴͷ
ڶ࣬ڲθӣӵΪв࣬ûʤ㡣
˶סˡʶҲȷֻӦ滹һ׷ġ
ͽΪ˵ã㲻ɱǧٵ
Ϊʲô
ڷҲС䣬ڵһֹͣҾͻʱɵĿܾͲʿˡһΣգһߡ
û뵽˵£ɫС
ǧҲϵ˽һϮһΡϾʿģʤɲͽΪһξܽ⡣
ڷҶԣɱΣֻӮһΡ
ͽΪִֵ˵
ǧЩΣɲ㡣
ӶЩͽΪϤѾ룬Ǻüζķͳͳܿ
ģͽΪ۱ƣϵһһѪġ
Ծûͣһ취һܾطİ취
ǧٴС㣬๻˰ɣ㻹㵽ʲôʱ򣿡ӵǺŴСȴζĻͽΪü֪šӵĺǶûá
ͽΪڲ֪бƽͬתѾסΨһĳ·
ȻͽΪʩڷǧϵá
Ҳ֪ǧٳŵʲôôΪǶͽΪ˵Ѫ𣿿ȷûаŮѪǷıꣿңԸģҿԸࡣ
ЩȡͽΪֶ䡣
õɫһ˲ƹëѾͷôȻ裺ұǴĥĥ֪Ѷ˵ģȻҪô˵Ҿ͸ˡ
̯֣ԳһСɵԲ
ǧϳǿ쾵һ֣ͷӾȻˡ
СǼһִģǸӦˡ㲻ҵŮ֮վȽŲԶߡҲû취£˭Ǹðƻ
쾵Ƭһ㣬ǱǷǧٵڵѾķѣƺһͻʧ
ͽΪжȻһɲõԤУȻǧߵ㿴˵ˣɲ㡣
һ룬ָ߬ö𵤺ݺС
ͽΪҪֹѾˣķǧͻȻһôۿ³һѪ
۾䡢ӣڲʲôƳ׻һѪƤ˰裬ʺѪӿ
÷ǧжвֻԡ
ɩɩ
ͽΪûϵ״ǰͻĺ죬ĿôۣվԭһҶܾһǧٺͻ᳹ȥ
û¡ɣҡ
˵ȴ΢΢º͵ЦЦЦΪȵʹԵЩŤѡ
ͽΪûбοֻͷһ󴸺ݺҹǻ߹ǣʹʧȥ֪ΪԼѾòһа취Щµġ
ûС
ǰ죬Ϊ졣
ӡס֡
״ڸҰɣңҪˡ
ûö𵤣ԵĻҪյġϾǾѵģΪ˸ͽΪװ˷ѣɲ롣
ɣѷǧٹԹԽңұ֤ȥ飬üµĴСһ㲻ɣƺʹģҲ밡
졣
ͷ̬ȻôΪȵ𣿡
죡˻ǿǰⲻԻѡ
ͽΪ㡢侲˵ǧٵɫǲҰ׵ģԽԽûһֲֽѪûɣӲǰʹʻȥץסļ
㰢֡Ӧûš⣬ħҪȥҡǾȥٹˡˣҲ鷳ҲˣͶԶԼ
ɿڣһҡͷ
ݡ㡭ÿһ֣ǻһ£Ψ¡㲻ܱ
Ļû˵ȥѪ·ϣͫһ㱻⣬Ψֻץס·ֱ
ͽΪûд𻰡
ŭ˵ϯУֻ˺˵Ҫĵһ˵ãһӦҪʲôͻȻ
ͽΪĲӱ鷢Ӱ˿顣
ǧ٣ʱĺΪǡ˵
ͽΪ¶ģ̧ۿѾµء
ѪˮڵʿԶԶȥֲ̬˳㽵ˣʧȥҲˣû˱Ϊ˭Ĵڡ
ͽΪλƵģ̧ס˽û뵽㷴Ҳôںõɾˡ
аԵĻԡ
ͽΪͻȻ˵䣬ܲظеǰ˱˸ģܾáܾò̫ԡ
ʲôʱð׺
ղŻûС
üĻɱ
ͽΪѾǰ
⾳磬ʲôֽŷСɢһʱܶ
ɴ˫ö𵤣۵һԱߴʲôǵиѪģܹ
ʲôɫĶӹǰò˼飬̵Ѫ
ƫͷһֵֻ˵ϣƤһ˶
ʱ䷴ӦԼ֡쾵Ҳڵء
ʱڿͽΪӺڰ¶˫۾ʧȥǣʧȥֻʣɱɺ۾
㡭ѲǡĻءɴˣΪͽΪĽͱ˹ϡ¡˷ͱѣ֮𼸺˲
ŵĽ׻ָšöδȫĽ𵤻ص˾С
ǧٲ֪ʲôֻǵŲصԼǰ̧ͷһ룬סĲ͵
бȵسŨصζֲģͽΪġǼûκͰϧԵֻǺֱײģƾ豾ܵռС
ţ
ָѣ˵ƿģϢֻȴûзɡ˺üΣŲͬĽǶȣҧָʹеķʽȻȫȻͬĶͽͽΪͽΪҪɿһ˲䣬ɤӴϢغͣ
ɻ۱˺ѡʱ˿ĳֻ֧࣬䣬˳խȥ¼÷ǧٲһϢ˵Ҫ
ûá
ûͣ˼
ǲҪ˶ʮҪױ¶
ǧ͵ڴҧһڣͽΪֻͣ˼Ϣ³ͷȫѪ
ΪʲôܣʣӦҵġ
Ҳ׾ʧȥǵ˵
۾ǿҲ֪ǲǻеĮ̼ͽΪٴѹҧ·ޱȴֱ֮ǰ½Ȼͬ
ǧûģû٣Ҳĥȥ˴ӭź磬𽥱ȥ۵ֱеǵ㽾𻹲׼ȥ
ͽΪֺҵظÿһ¾ܸоѹˣֱʲôĶ
ͣУƵԲ̧ͷǵò˵ģǧѩl塣ؿһ鸲űļ⣬ƽ̹ġ
ɥʧǵʱӻץסһ˿ѣ˫ۻָ⡣
ʶʱͽΪסˡ
̫ǵΪֹʲôǰһƬǽ壬ԼȻֻ˵ˣ״ϧ죬ûܼһ
ǧβѬ÷죬ϸᣬӺؿڣȸȫһƬŰĺۣͽΪղġ
һμޣȻʲôžһ£֪ԼʲôĴ¡
ɩɩҡ
Ķ㻹Ҫɩɩ𣿡ǧٵ۽ûϼ޷ŭҲᣬƽ쳣ͽΪ֪ηӦ;Լôʶɿһˡ
ⷴӦƺѾ˷ǧٴ𰸣֮УȴͻسЦؿڲ֪Ϊηһɬʹһ˵ԭ
ͷס۾̾˿ɳϸ飬΢ɲغڶ·ҡ


29 
ͽΪǰһǧٻ,ǹ˼ˣͰĶˡ
ȥɫ,Ҳ,һȭ,˵ģտһƬ
»Թ£ǰڵǽӳ,бԽԽǸ˵ӰӣͽΪһһ۾ͷɿŲߡ
ֱĦֹͣǧٷǽվˡ
ʶͷ,ַ쵽һڵջȥ־ⷴӦ,ٴȥԼߡ
Ŷ,ŶͽΪֱ
ȥ·쳣,쳣
еŲ,Ŀ⶯,Ͷǰһ,ǧ벽ڱϡ˭Ҳûп˵˭Ҳûղŵ¡
š
㳡Ѿûʣʿҵǰ˹ƱȪͶʰɾûӰ
Ҳǹʱ
ͷǧٻصԺУƿŽȥǰûӵرܿڣɩúϢ
ͷ,ûŹˡ
ͽΪվ˼룬Ҳ̻Լӡ
һҹΣ޲ȥ˶˵Ҫ𣬵װ˰˰ٸ֪ô˯ŵģʱ춼û
ƣС
ǧصĶѹϡ
ͽΪſʮ룬ɻȥ˯
οֵξڷѩ˽ڴ֣߳ȥƿĺͷֵǸ硣
ڵһͽΪӴϵһŵ亹
ãΡ˲֪˯ȥ֪μʲôֲĶ
ѾҲģͽΪʹ˸ЯϽš
·ǧٷǰʱͣͣͷûκεĶܿȥ
û֣㳡ûһײĺۼҲѾ޸ȱ
ͽΪʱȪһڽ˺۵ģȳһȴ󲽱Ĺ
ãȻţ
ͽΪϸǱˣЧûʲôش֮Ǽҵأ
ˣǸϻȥšȪɫӲһ˲ǳСӣȫɱˡ֪֪ѷҵŪǻ鷳
ô͹ˣԶͼʿȾƣᵽԼ֣žյסļ򣺡ӳͷһԹˡһû𣬿ϰû˵׼ɱѽͽΪǰϰ壿
ͽΪûǻЩ˵ʬأڵǰˣʬӵҪ⡣Ȫڻһʮһɫڵ
ʮһˣ٣Ȼɱ
Ȫˣȴƺⶢⲻ򵥵ۡ
ͱüĿݣͶŹоϢӵ˶ҲҲġˡ
Ŀ̫ͣã첻ϰÿϡңѾĽɵ׵㲻ҪڰҶصΰɣ

ͽΪⲻ˵㡣
ȪǾã֤Լħޣֻܰ㶪Ҫȵ𣿡
Ȼˣ쿹飬󿴣עߣŵħ޵ĳȻ컯ûУѵ֤𣿡
ҲĶˣ˵
Ʋ죬ȪҲɿڣΣ˫֣ðɺðɣͶܱ֤ͱ˵𣿡

ǡϰ壡ָ¡ͽΪԣȻץûһ㷴Ӧʱ䣬Լƨһš
żϣһʸë׵Ĵֳ壬컹˵㶮˰ҡѾžһ±ȿ
ʹҲôӦɡ
ͽΪܳΪʲôǵһ˵ƨɲɡ
ƨɣβͣ
һ
ˣ޻Ρƺͨޣ˵ԼħĺᣬȻħޣһѪ
Ⱥңֲħ೤۾䣬ԴСһĴǮ׬ȥ˵ͺܺãû˻ᳯӳҪҵ
Ѫ粢ϾѪӵĺʲôصĲдȱݡʱҪ˵βԶղȥˡ
ͽΪ˵ƨɣûȪ˵ʲôǴӦȥ֮ġ
ϰҲô¶ǵɡ߹ļ򱻶㿪һİЦòᡭаɣ
ͽΪһ˲뵽뵽Ǽﶼû¡
ǧ٣ɩɩˡ
ˡ
뵱Σȷǡ
𻰣¸ߣû£Ҳϲˡ
һͽΪֿʼ
ʮϲǧ٣һԼŮͬʵŮͬϲŮ˴Ǹеġ
ʵŮͬŮͬѾʧˣ
ıߣ
һҪ£ƺսкȻʧȥǣ˼ҧȫѪ·ˣǲǣѾе㲻ˣ
ԼҪǱͬ³ضԴŻ
ǧȻºûʲô̫ķӦʵѾ˰ɣּһҲֳˡġСáˡ
һжˡ
ң˵ĻԼǲǾûˣҲĿǰ׶λ漰⡣
֮Ȫ£ͽΪ˵ɱˣ㵵ˣҴ󲿶ȫ𣬷ҿ϶ô£ˡ
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һߣ޻ģȪĬһҿ𣿡
⿪žͲͽΪջҪߵĽţʲô
ڲﱧŵǸˡ˭
СֺŵϣĿ⣬ͽΪҡδӣֲ֪Ϊ²Ǳһ䣺ѡʱˣĿǰչ
ֻѣ
š
𡭡̾˿ЦЦҲǣôءʦ㲻Ķ԰ɣ

ûʲô£ͽΪȴլۡ
ղź˵תעãһֻǧѩ׵·˿ȻֻԵ塣
խƽƨҲƨɵû
뵽ղű˶ģȻǸ··ϿԼȻϲ˰ɡҲ֪˷ǧٵĻ᲻һ뷨
С㣿Ա˺ͣסžϲͽΪͷһҲһ㶣Ȼܡ
Ŷμۣ彣϶ЦȻǴС㣡߽ˡ
ô˵ڶμʱ˵Ҫ߽أû뵽ûͦ졣
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Ȼأ
˵Сڵģû㣬ԴСģҲʲôġ
ͽΪû𻰣ŷ°ζضԼҪһôˣ
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ͽΪƺҲⷽ⣬ʲôãҪҲҲģջֵˣûʲô㲻С
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֮ڽ¹һ˼飬һҪõ𰸣ֻҲ˳һ£ȻģҲñ֤̬ҲŮҲһ£عʱǰһŵҩȻ֪䵽˵ǻĵط
ǧٵڵЩ飬һ·ʱûôע⣬ƺ·ЩѣҲûʲôĻ
ţһֻžͿ˽ȥ
ݸԴӾޣ͸ڵĵϰͽΪʱе⣬û˵ʲôʮڵͳͳ鵤𣿡
ڵƷ׸ߵͣ鵤ҲһɶǺöеĻῪʶеļӿٶȣеӳеȾתػ굤
һʮһ㶼ۡ
ݸʣ𣿡
ͽΪҡͷҪһ¡
ݸȷʵû뵽е£ͽΪδҩΪʲôԼͽΪŸüû𻰣ɫ֪ˡ
ֳ
ƺһصö࡭
վڷǧٷǰ׼ߵ췿š
ͷû죬˺ü飬һ䡰
ȥ͵ͷҿҩġ
ǧƲһ۱ŲߣϵͽΪֻúüŵˡҪӣͲܴŽˡ
ڴϣǿԡ·ѪȾ̫ףڻˮţϾ˼֮ܳΪ·̺ӣݸҪǴʱ̧ͷƾܿʵ
ϾϸݵĲţȫ¶ģнҲסѩ׵ƤϸֳĴۣʲô˺ݺǹضԴġ֤
ʲôҩǧʡ
ݸһһʮ˵ˣȻϣ˽ܿͽΪͺõģʲô°ɣҴ͡ǵһţĻûáǧע塣
͡ǧǱ߰ɣлл
ҡͷ˵ʲôֲ֪᲻ðͽΪһֱܹǶԲӦþͻԼ
֪شϣһֲ˵ȥķΧ
ֱ˳ӣݸҲûһȰ͵Ļ
ҹʱ֣ûκ˻ļΨгķ
ǿװ鵤ϻӻſڣǧٴ˯л֫һЩ´޳ʰϻӣΨһڸȡů̺Ʈڵأ˴̹ǣ֪žֻƽ
ֱӸ˵ء


30 
ɩɩ,֮ǰǹţ𣿡ѵ÷磬ѩ,ŮʯŲ̧ͷ,ʻ͸СĽ
ǧҡͷŵüһӻͣ׷ʣдأ
ͽΪдʲôЦſɲˡ
ɩɩǱˡҪˡ
ģһһ۵,һʮСϸֳȴֻᷳȤ
šлл,ͽΪ
һתսħ޺ѹѹռһƬ,Ӭɶ,ղ,,ǲɶ˵ħ
ǧ,УȥҪһԶҧնһֻħ޵ֽţɫѪɽϣͷǧټ米֣ȳȥˡ
ڸ˵Цǧ˶Զ
ü,ҿȡʱ䣡תקסҪȥ̸
ȥ˻ܻŻ
ҲܻҲ,Ҳ֪㲻ܸðգҪһ,ڵĴô죿μô죿롣ϵ,ѪŴͼ˵
ǧû˵Ϊһ⣿
,㲻⣡ͽΪأ
һ٣ûǻ
Զһקס½ǣǿһԾɸı䲻ݵˣƳԶһԳһ˵ľʯǸҰԶĸŮˣҵΨǴӣӦҲˡô˵еʲôҲǾǲõĸĸ
ҳ겻ڼңͽΪӴࡣ𽥳ֶ˭䵭ӡСÿɲȴ١
ȻҺܻ󣬵òϣ㵽μԺеˡҴû׽һˡ
أ˵ʲôǧٲͻȻʼҳ⡣
˵֮ǳˣܲܰͽΪи㣿
һ٣Ťͷɫǰɣҿɲɩɩ
ǲѾν˷ǧ٣ֻܰ°и㣡ԶҲȻ̧Ҳϲ·񣬵ȷʵǸļһĻҲġͽΪˣҵһԻȫĵ֮ǰܲչͽΪôһĻ
Ѿ˵û䣬ħԽԽࡢԽԽܣܰΧһźѹѹĴ
Զߵģܴ뿪ģҪôһҪô˭Ҳ
ǧٶǵ͹ԳԶ죬󣺡ͰԼòãݶ飬ǷģǷһӵġԺҪҵ»ҪɼҶӰ죬ͽΪܶ£㡣
˵ϾͰһȭǧŽ
ݺݵ˴ȥ
ʲôЦҿûȤɼңǧЦԼҪ¡
ǧ١
Զǿվ˹˦˦󣺡ðɡ
ֻԼɼҵһ̣ҿûľӡ
ӦԶһ׵õЦ·ҵĹͷ
ҲǣҶˡҪϾˡ
ǧۣߺδɢľΥ׵ӣ̶ĳѪζߡ
ͷһ㣬Ҳ˯ʱǿ鵤ûѾеʧȥ
һ治ױǧȻس壬һƫͷȻȻԼϰ
ʲôû԰׶Բ̬ļԲżӡ඼УǺۡ¡
а㵱˾ģ
һŪԶҪû״ܺиҰɡ
ϧ˻ӦĻ

ͽΪһҹû˯Ǻ˼ƣӻģҲǾƾԭֻǻԼһҹ֮ʹʧŮͬݵ¡
͸ûȥ
뿪¯Ĵ˹䣬ֻص˲ݡ
ӵһͽΪһķΧڵʿֺ£ò״һλᣬΧһȦǣȪҲ֪͵
˸࣬Աߵĵϣβһ˦һ˦ģû˿
ֻ
ݸҹһΣ˵Ѿ鵤ȥǧ٣˵һеûģȰͣǺͺóּĶ
ͽΪ˵ǧû˿ڱĶܹȥðݸÿ˵ҩһˣøԼ
ȥʱǸʧͽΪԼ֮˵ĸо
Ĵ
ⲻǡ
ǧٶʲô֮۾ܲµ
ȻˣǾ͸ǷҵĺᡣȻֻŮӲܼ̳еŮѪҲ
ж֪£
ǧٴûΪʲôᱻ˵ðƻΪʲôҪķ˼׷ɱĹȥġֻɺӣϾ˲¸ߺӡָо
ԼȥʣԶò𰸣Ҳһͻش𡣸ҪǣûԼģȥҲһƨŲϾѾʼãԼ׻ϲϲǧ١
Ů˵ʱϲ˵ʱأ
е
˵ӵݹѾƵͽΪݲ£ѣԾɻң˵еκġ
Ƕ죬ͷţľˮҲֻڻѾˡ
ϰ壬㻹ѽ˸Ƿ۾ϱ˵㣬û쳣˹ˣλأһϲȥɣ
ͽΪһ㶣̧ͷ첻֪Լ˵ʲôӭգգۣһ룬̧־ס½һѽڵء
ۡ
ŵأʹβֱϰ壬ʲ
৵һǰ˫Ͷ
ͽΪ˭ģ
ʲô
¡ûɣ
Ȼ򣺡ǸӰ֪ˣҿ˺׼ġ
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ð
ȻͻȻģ̧Դĵһ£ͽΪߵĿУüǸϰ塣
ʵԽԽ˷ܵء
ͽΪ
̬㣿
쵽оô꣬ʶȤӵԱ£ȤΪʲôûȥ
ҿƲֵġʲô¿
ûǮ
Ҳ׬Ǯ㶼ҵϰˡֻҪңƴӡ
ô룬ϴڵҲ˽һõ̸Ҳ֪ǧٵǲϲļ׳
εϴƣֻǸ㲻ȡ˳Լ
֪ԼϲŮ˻ˡͽΪ⻰ںתȦ³
ס𽥱ְν
ããһ˾ͺɱģ˿ѽ֪һ׼ܲİ취˵巴Ӧǲƭ˵ġ
ʲô˼
û֮ǰԭʼ**ʹʿʳ˯ȴһ㶮ɣ
ͽΪû߽ؿŲʵԻһкϻڵʿͽӵ˼¡
ҿԴϰȥ顣
ϻڵľݵصΣͽΪŶ촩һ¥ǰ
ҪĵطΪǰ죬ƮƮϼڽŵɢζ
˵ϻʿ㡣ͽΪҲᣬûоʲôر
ƺ֮ǰ;ƣᳵ·Լҡű߲÷һŮ޴кǰȥ
ͽΪ·úײǶôĶǵòȴ͸һ˵ķΧСãĸģ
ͽΪϲ˹Լãλǳ곤ϢŮȴĪʵڡ
ŶǲǷǧǰڵĵط𡣡
ʶ
ֹʶͣж̧ͷգգëһһ˫ޣ䵭ؾܾˡǽͷһʧܡ
ͽΪ
ϻڵʿѰʿûʲôͬϿ
¥Ҫô붨Ҫģ˵ʵڵǰ˻Ҫһ㡣Ͷ츦һ߽ȥԡߡ
ڶ罻˭ˣͺʿǺֻ˵Լ첻;ƵģָָͽΪǾΣ
ͽΪûôΧ۹ֱѵĸо
ǡ
áû˵꣬һʿȻãˣ
ȵȣȿϵģ󵽶
Ϊ͸ߣȻֻǿߵӵУʦǾ԰ɡ

ѵıϼˡ
ʿǺȻһΧͽΪ£һһұŮòߴ˵ͻᱻһͽΪܲڡ
죬ڲԶ֣˼ǡ˷𣿡
ͽΪ
Ҫή˵ġ
ֵ²ߣԽǲΪʿǾԽǰ֡񱻼ʲôá
ߵŮʣСϲʲôģϲҶŶұߵĿ粻ʾXãЧʼߣ
ˣΪ͵Ķ˾ͽΪһǾͿΪ߶뻹޾飬ƾ˫޾ܵ⾳ˣҪôѪԽҪôԽܻ֮ռһ
˫޽ˡ
ۿԱ߽ŵͽΪ˿Ȥбʿλ
¥һɻ޺ã˲ԼľѴ
ͽΪ֪ʵǸԵɡ
챾׼õϰ忴һøý㣬ͳȥСʱȥʿǶˣԲɽ
һ£һ£λȥͽΪԱҧ䣺ôϰ壬ϲ˫ҲûʧĴ󵨼ʱְ
ͽΪɫ֪
ǡ
Ҳϲ
ˣ岻ϲʲô
ϲ
ղôˣͽΪǿԼӲȥСʱ곤ҲУҲСиʿΪ⻹;˸**Ͳûˡ
ͽΪ޶ԣͺ˷ܿسbugϻ
֮ǰǧֻҪЦһЦվ׿ⶼؿײ
ҲϰȽĥţҹٻȥɡ
ϾȥҲ¿Ҫͷǧ棬Ͳȥ
ͽΪͷаɡ
һʹ˰ҹ
ʿֻʹڿȸͽΪȻһϲȴԼ͵ӣʵ󱲿ɰֺЦŮޱֱ̫ɰ˩ҵޡ
ԭĿĽۡ
̾ͱҲǴϰΪʲôֳ˺Ⱦƣ
ͽΪ⣺Ǹʲô
˫ֲñ˸һ㶣¶ˡ
Ҳ֪ô
ҾͲµ϶֪
Աʿ˶ԻмУ۷Ź⣬ͽΪߣ˽һ𣿽ʲôԽ໡
֪һ˲ʲô΢죬ڱͷû˿ءô˵õ֪ʶ
ⳡԵľϯʱʿ㣬ͽΪͶŵ
Ǹű߲÷Ů޻ڣһ·ȴôңЦûҵʦʦŵɣ
á
Դ֪ǰĽǧ٣Īֱܵľ衣
Ů޵ҽģأ
ͽΪ
ͽΪѽãҼסˡԺ档ͽΪŷǧٵ£̲סͣ½Ųʣղ˵ǰʶǧ١𣿡
ǿɲһ졣ĺ촽һ̣ԵһˣǴˡ׾ŤתˣŮѪϻ˲ʱһЩ˵ͷǧ˫ޣһҹءǲҾͲ֪ˡ
Ƕܾ𣿡ͽΪ˵仰е
ǾܾˣЩ˶ͿǧǳӲˣԾڲֻ˵ʵѡȻһӾʹӦˡ
Ȼأ
ͽΪĿǣһЦץ֣ͻȻֱһǣͽΪӦһˣ䱸øһ
Ҫ֪ҲɡˣԽŸ㽲
ͽΪ˵Ťͷȥ
ҹջ˵ǲԣֻȲϲŮҲϲˡʲô
صݣһ£ĪȣǸղںϻڵľݵƵ㡣
Դٽʿûϰϻķȴ֪
˿ˮӣݵźȻһ±ƿ
ͽΪǿͽΪûУͽͽΪ
ݸһקסֻʣɫҲÿͽΪжȻõԤУȻ˵ͽΪҸղȥ鵤ȻͿ
լۡķǴ󳨿ģǰݸȥٳʱ̫˹ϡ
żϻӣͷǷʿڵƶɵĸ鵤Ѿʧȥ󣬱ºû˶
š
ǧһҲûԡ
˺þõŶûӦԲŽȥȻͿڵϲʡ¡˵úأֻڵŻҪҷֵһ㣬Ѿˡ
žƶû㣬ڵֻдսһ¹̡ݸίٵ˵ţʽָ˵˵ĻҪء
ͽΪߵ齱ߣǧٺһ
µסսl塣ڷٰɢĵӨ׵Ƥ͸һͻ顣ϵϢһһţڻûǿǿŻδȫڵ֧š
Ǽ鵤˥ֵز
ݸȰǵóҩûӦң˵æʲôû˵
ֲʱǧƽıܸӣӵ˹ǿŶЩؿڷơ
Ϊ𣿡ͽΪעݸ֪λش
Źرգֻʣͷǧˡ
ͽΪһģһ˺ܶࡣ
ǰڶμҵʱͷǧദʱա
ΪǷͺͯһֱŤԼΪ˺Ƶǰ
һΪͽΪҲ˵ء
ͽΪˣ
ȴսʧȥǣ³˺˺ܣԹԵؿʼӱܣ֪ˡ
һǸһͶû˵ȻҲûиǧκ˵Ļᡣ
ιϵǱҵģĶƽ˼㡣
ɩɩҹȻͷβǸСӡͽΪƤ˵ϵȴûǰ٩㱾ǸСӡ
Ϣģƺ㲻κ˸
ͽΪҪ׼
ʲôϲŮϲˣڴ˿Щº񶼺û˹ϵֻһ£롣
ʵʶУǧٸоԼʲôرڶԴһϧѵıǽʹͷҪɢܡ
ʲôѹֹһΡβŵԻۣҰڣΨ˲ȵĺ
ͽΪ壬ܵһ§סֱ΢΢һȻؽӵ
ԲɩɩԲ𡭡ɳƵͳڶȴڿһƺǰǸͯҹȻǺϲ㡣ŮˣˣҺû취Լϲ㡣
ǧһ٣ɬû𻰡
±ӣߣֻԸ뿪ȺСޣֻܿ˻ͽлԼҪɩɩˡ
˲ص¡
˵ĸһͻ᳹ױʣװѷ죬޷޺õĶ޷޺á
ӰޣҲһ˲䡢һ
ΪҲ޺ˡ
š
Ƿǧȴֱ̧ۣġ
һǰοͺʲôûбı䣬ͺ֮ǰĴʲô
ͽΪʣҧȴ
ɩɩԲ𡭡
šҲԲ𡣡
ûʲô
ͽΪ˵Լѩ׵Ūʪˡ˲ôҲǧٺЦǷһ·ϴˡһԣȥǧٺһͣʣµȫģ˴ݼ䡣
ΪѾˤĶԶԶûصľء԰޺õġ


31 
֮,ͽΪɾȶˣʰϵļ鵤ϻǧԱߡ
ʵûſ޵,֪Ϊʲôûס,ڷĸֻ΢Ĳ˼ǰҲ̫ѷˡ
ΪʲôҩΪ㲻˼˵صðݸġ
ǧû𻰡
ϧͽΪǶʶȤˣ֪һҪٸʵףΪʲô㲻Ӧ,ֻҪҴӮʿҪȥɩɩǴȴ
ˡˡ˵ԭ,Լ֪ʱò˼飬뱻ӿ
,㲻˵Ҿ㡣
㡪ȿȣšü,ͽΪ廹û,ֱŤ,ѵҩݵǰ㲻˵,ǾͰЩˡ
ǧٿһۣûپܾӹ鵤ˮȫˡͽΪɩɩСӣԸҩҪ˺塣
üһСӲſޱӡ
ҳҲ޵ġ
⻰Ц,Ȥʣ
Ҫôҿޣ
˭֪ͽΪڴޡ
ǧһ㶣ӦʱѾͽΪѹ֮䡣
۾ע,ǧ٣֪ҲŮ֮ϲ,ܲܡһλ᣿
߬סָ,治ɫʣʲô᣿
ڲݣǲҵˡȻǣҺǡһͺ,ֻܸܲ᣿˵꣬ԴҲϣ㲻ҵĻ
ǧˣӲ˵ҲԽӲɿڣͽΪ˿ﻹа֮ǰ˻ĿģĪе˵ҲʮֽƻԼ϶ûǧᡣ
ͽΪü֮ǰԶйһԼҵܻȫĵ֮ǰһԴԼշ㡣
ҲҪˣֻϲ㡣
˵ꡣ۵ҴӦԣǾ͵Υ˺ͶԶԼֹϵǶõĹϵԼ±ӵĶҴӦҲ֡
ҾͺһȥҸǸͽΪԭ㣬㱳ǾҺˡȿͷҲģҵĴΣȥ
ƺ÷ǧٺͶԶ֮飬ˡҺͶԶֻǡѡ
ͽΪסʵĳ֪ɩɩˣѣ
¹ϵ˿ģǼƻһǧٵȥ죬ԶҪסһ˵Ǹȡ裬˶ѡ
ͽΪΪʲôĿҪٰ¹ϵ
㰢ֵ˽£ʵôｲҲû취ʱҪɡ
Ӧ֪ʹħ޵ĺӵص׵ĺҲħһŮ㰢Ϊȥĺӵص׸ιħޣƺħŮҲһȥͺˡ
ǧٵʱͶԶֻͨʦùϵ졣Եɺϸɺ֪ʱû˴
ɼŵĺħᣬڵĻӶдֹѪİ¡
ǹﲻȰ棬ִҪ㰢˽͵ܳҶˡħεʵѵ·浽ʱ㰢ֲһǱɡħĳͻҲɱ⣬Ҳٴοս
㰢ֻס
˵ЩĻȻҲɣܹŷҪܱһΡΨá־ѻƲŻš籾ﻹǷǧȹˡ
Ψһ㣬΢ʡ
ˡͽΪҸûĻѵǡ
С˰ȥĺӵصˡǧٿɣɫȴֹۣô򵥵£ħ֣ҵֻ㰢档
ȷš
ֻҪ˻ţĿǰͽΪ˵㹻ˡ
ɩɩأӦﰢּٰϵִӦʲô
ǧһЦѾˣò⡣
Ǿǲ˵˼ÿ˶Լ˰̺ܡĿһŵΪ˵ͽΪ˭
ͷ˶٣һοڣǣص֮ǰĻ⣬㻹ûһش𡣡
ʲôش𣿡װ
ͽΪƵؽǧ١
ʮֲֺίôСӿ˿ȴС˾ȫ򴽣ÿ
ҪȴӦҡҲҪϲңԡҲУ
ԡ
˵ǾԵģʲô֮ǰ㿼Ǻ˸رû˻ԸԴֻпһǻ֮ĵ˲ԸΪʲôȥġ
̵ûеĶϮʱ˾òҲе㱻̵ɿƲߡ
ͽΪ׼ߣøҪһִ֡
ǧ١ǧ١Сʲôҿԡ
ȱ졣ģ̌ס죬һֱֵֻǰͶߣѩ׵ָ޳ǽڷ΢΢߬ȭͽΪſã֮̾˿͵òٵͣ㡭Ҫҵġ
ͽΪӦġ
˵оͲ
á
Ҳܸ߱ˡ
С
֮˱˼ҡֻԣ޹˶Ҳǲҡ
ͽΪһʱ⡰˼ʲô˼޹ˡָ˭
ôб˼ԼڷǧʧܣסװͰ͵صôҸ
ôʾͺСӡ٩
㲻ҲӦС𡣡
һûӦ
㻹ʲôҪ󣿾ᡣ
ͽΪһˣ۾Ƶضһμ𣬺û¶ֱ顣
ʱЩɣٲǧ°Ϳǵ
ͽΪһѹβ̲סҪ졣ζûӦˣĴӦˡֻԡӦˡ
ץסմǰǧٵʳָס촽ü˵ҪҵĻ
šʲôԸ
˹õòУҲʼƶ
ǧָָԼϴ£Ұ·ϴˡղ˵õġ


32 
šͽΪ֣Ū,Ұϴ
˵⻰ʱûĶԣȵǧٿʼ˹⿪ʱ㷴Ӧ
תȥ
ͽΪȻһѸתЦˡ
Ůûϵ·йϵܷǧ˻Ů,ͽΪϲˡϲǰԼ˵ʵ,ԴδСԴ̼Щˡ
ͷأͽΪֽӹݹ¡
ľͰء
ͷ߽ԱߵĶĹˡ
ľͰˮȫˣǼƮˮϣȡ,ˮˮͰµġ
ͽΪʵûôϴ·ϱ·,ʵûʲôϴĻᡣԼһꡣƽһΰʲôϴ·
ϻȵ£ֻﶼ·ᵽϱǹɵζɫ,һ飬ȰǼ۹ˮϴɾ,ɲꡣ
Ȼ
嵽ǧٴ߰,ͷ
á
ͽΪͷֻȥš
ϵûˣûôڣظһղẉ̂ˮϵĵӰ,ſеû
һŴӶ,ϴɾɵ»ֱ׿ǧƬѩ׵ţڵ㡣
ȥҰݸʣµ鵤Ҫǵðҩˡһһ۵úϢʲôҪ˵С
áǧٿ֪ˡ

벻Ļ,ҹҲѾˣͽΪߵҲû취廹ûáҪǣǧûӦ֮ǰ޼ɵúܣڴӦˣʼô㡭Ǻܲڡ
ҴҵͽΪȥ
աݸ˸磬ȴ˱磬ƿţͽΪվкϺá
һҹûô˯ţԼ٣ԣδӻ𣿡
Ȼ˾ͲصظĿˡͽΪ
ݸһ飬²ŵԲҲǹҪġʱֻסͽΪû˵ʲôһ٣ȷϣԣǷǧ٣Ǹҵġ
ǡδֻдǶѡ
ݸòҲ֪Եɡ˭֪ءͽΪ֤Ҳ¸κ˵ġҲϣҡ
ҪͲҡͽΪҽ㣬˵ڵ⣬ûа취޸ģ
ڵӰ֮ס鸮ϣҲֻòܻڵ飬ǽɡ
֮ǰұ߽صĴܵޣҲûɡݸȻ㲻ϴܣ츳ܲ
治ɫģһҲԼݸȻ𵱳Լ̬ȣٿڣɾһ׺˹εĸж
ǡ޸һһϦܳɵģֻҪЩ鵤ٻһЩʱڵԼͻȬ㲻̫ġ
ɻƿƤǣ˲ʿڵϲˣڵôǸ״
ͽΪͷ
ѷҿ쾵˵ˡ
ݸȻֲãǾǿԽɷӰǧߵڵ
ʮΣա
ڻûô޷Ǿ̰ͼǧǿž𵤡
ԵĻͽΪ쾵ٵ
ϧϴҲֻǲƬǱ壬ǹƥȥҸ֮١
Űݸȥӹ鵤ǵ߿šȰʮȫ꣬ǧٵӦҲںһЩ
ҾͻȥˡͽΪϻӡ
ݸĪܸоܺãõе㲻ĳ̶ȣʣǧ߹ȻǺͺ𣿡
ͽΪѾңңԶǲ㳳ܡǹϵõúܡ
ݸǻ㳳㳳ܣ
صլۡѾӽʱͽΪøͣǧۣѾԹŽȻ÷·Ȿĵ̡
ǧ٣𴲣ⶼˡ
ü˵һĶôྫôҲ˯
ܡͽΪ˱ˮ˸ߣе㿺ܣڸоôأ
΢õˡǧϽֲһѣѻĺڽ΢ţƯֹˣһ룬еȣϾڣǰˣѾɩɩˡ
ǧٽ鵤ˮҩŤͷͿֱֱԼ·ʲôϡ֡
¾˵
룬ǲǸôӳƺʼͽΪûͷûβһ䣺Ҳٽɩɩˡ
ǾͲС
ҸôУʣСʲô
ŹͽΪС뱻ǧٽСеǧٵСʲôǰôġ
ûСȴѲѻβͽȫˣ
е̫衣
ǧ٣ͽΪҲֱŤĸоһϵгƺƩ˵٩ġ֮ģǧٿ϶ϲ
ûĥȻ齱߿Ƿе㲻⣺ܾãô¡

ҿӣŮҲýŮŮһָһɵģ¡
ǧŶ˵
ϦŻƣʲôġ
ǲǷ˵Ľա
ǵҲǡͽΪͷǧٸɸ£Ȼûʲô塣֮ǰѾ̫ಽˡ
ǾˡͽΪĲһţƺͻ뷨ǧٵҲֵ徲Ȼ֪ܸɳʲô
ҩҲˣ˰ɡָ̧Ͽ͡
˵ֲҪߵ˼
ͽΪץסһֻҲŵߣҿ𣿡
ǰֱײԤģڹǧٸԼµ£һ䣬˵ǸʱѾڷǧϡ
ʵֱ׹Ҳû
û۾˵أ
Ҿһ顣
˭ӦҪҵˣ
ˡⲻǰ𡣡ô߻ȻǧٵëܳһһģҪǱ䵭ֱڽһ
̲סÿŵֵָֻᴥее㣺ͽΪ
ͽΪִŶͽΪһͣѹСۣ۽ޡ
ʪĴɲ̫ᣬ̽ǰ󵨡
ϵʧ
ڿ𣿡ȺִŵһΡ
ǧֻǱ۾̲סؿ֪û˱ǲһֻɳʲô
̫ˡ򴽣㲻Ҫ
ͽΪһ٣⻰ԼղġǸղŵģӦˣ
ȻȤ󣬵ǿͷ󣺡˰ɣ
š
ͷ˹Թ
ӦڷǧٷӦ֮ǰסľ࣬ͷ
ǧסͽΪûڴݼ京⣬ûһ۸˺ȥץ·ָ⾾סʹ
ҲŹȥ졣
쳣侲˼ԼǲǲôӦӦǿ÷˯һȫ״̬ץסڴ׵޼ɵѾԼˣʲôˡġ
ֻҪһ뵽㣬ͽΪͿֻܵһһ
ͽͽΪ̫ˡ
ʱ˵ŵλ߲˼ͽΪװţ̫ˡģģһΣͰЩ


33 
ڵ,ͽΪ뿪ӣͷٴúϻڵĸ¥
ĽҲǰķ,ͽΪҲȣҾ֪
˵ôѰζһԼӲ֪ķǧٵĹͽΪѷǧٿøһ,ôܲ
˵ɡֻ˸Ͻȥǧᣬ˸λԱ£һ֮Զ
ֲ̿㡣
˵
ãá˵ĶˣŶˣ˵Щʿ̫,ôӽǧٶ֪ҾͱȽϴ
ʱںͺϻڸ˸ʲôѧ,ϻϰǱʱĿķǧ١
Χƶʹ˸ְ취Ҫ˫ȴͳͳܵͬţǵ޴֮Աǡ
˸ǡʱ,Ӱ߳ӳ״Ϸ
ûߺΪҲ˵ԼǺϻڵӣ
ߵس,ǧ,ɫߣ
ǧʱڵͣһ̾òΨ˫۾뵭Į,·ǧ֮⡣
޷᣺л㡣
֮Ŀһ㲻ϵĽڣǧǱ,ʲôҲֻ˵Լ˳ͬڵ˾ͷ,Լδ;ãҲ
ǧʱֻҪĪԼǰӲ
ʣǧҲδʲô
ҡ£֪ʲô
ۣð߿ǷΨһŮѪһԵġ
ǣϲȥ𣿡
һαסƿԣǷǧٴüǸҲҪ㡣Ǹ
֮ҸоͷǧٹϵԽԽ磬Ѿ˲кȥſĳ̶ȡҲʱˡ
ģԼˣͽⲻѣ̾ͺˡֻҪӾϵĳ
һУһϢڷǧٶǰԼʱסǣˮ׼ۿ䡣
ҿ¡ʱ޶ࡣϻľ˫޲ˣҲΪΪȥķǶɡ
·ǧʱ˵ʲôȻֹȤӡ
ͽΪף䵭˵˵ҼŻȥ
ðɺðɡ֪ӲơȻϹ˵Ҫ̰ͼѪȴ˵ѿúҪҰư͡ˡ
ǶŮӡͽΪ
ĺЦ磬û˵Ǻϻڣһﶼߡ
˭˭£
Ȼϡ
ͽΪһЦ
ûЦҲû뵽ЦĲ⣺Цʲô
ͽΪЦһͣˣģվǧûӦ㡣
һ㶣üë㲻ԸűˣҪûͷǧ˫ޣᵽľ磿
ôҲ֪ǧٿ϶ûӦ㡣ͽΪӸ¸һƶĿǣΪ͵ߣԼĽȻ˫ޣֻΪˮ׼
ıô˵Ҳգƺ˽ѽ
ϻҵġͽΪ롣
ðɣûӦңȷҷ˼·ȥѰޡѵ֤ҵļƻȷ𣿡
ޱ飺Ϊǧû⣿
ȻûĵҪ֪Ҿϲ⣬ң
ҲŲϲʿͽΪЦֿɱ۾ѹƤ£һɺ⣺ֻǸһҹ֮ȫĹȥûңƾʲôˣ
ĲĿ⣬ŤͷˣҲ
뿪ʱͽΪǵԼִ׵̬ΪʲôǶԲǧٵĴǰԼС
죬̬˷츲صı仯ղ˵ǵĹҲֹֻˮûôҪˡ
ϾǧٿǴӦˡȻֻԡУ
صլۡѾ۳ݣʯϣͽΪüһô죿
·һ
ͽΪղŰ׺ˣɫܺ죬ĵһŕiÿˡҾͳȥ˹䡣ǲǧٽʵģƱǰֱۿ˼룬ܲƽʣûҡ
ǧ٣
˵Сַʲô裺ʲôʱûˣ
ֱͽΪȻͿ԰ұ֡˫ص֡𣿡
ڷǧ״̬Լ˪ܶǺˡ
ȴĬû𻰡
ͽΪҲʮ꣬˵ͣҲǻֿ͡ǿӵ͡
ǰԼָ̧̧ɽѡ
ڡ
֪뵽ʲôƺ糣ϲģ
ͽΪͷֻɫŮ޶ܣƾʲôûзݡ
ǧ۽һͣЦ˵˾䡰𡱡±޺ˡ
֮ҪȥߡݸϻҪڵ޸ÿ죬ʱȥ
ǧͷ
ӱ̺ʿȫ˵񣬷ǳգ±ơ
˸յ㳡ǰĿյϣڵʿ֧һѣϼ˿ڴ֡
߽˾Ȫˣ죡Ҫ֪֪Ҫʲô˼
֪֪ħ޲ǻûôʿҲǻҪϢڸ߸ߵĲžյ־׾ˡ
ͽΪڿۣװȫǾˮͱ˵ҩһ𣬷ǳڰ
֪ɱҵġ컹㡣
ӴⲻϰôˣΪವһԾǰС˺ͺˣ
ͽΪͷǧԽµ£ȻеԼղǿӲһһ飬Э
ѡ
Ŷ֪š
ҪҪ棿Ҳţ̫Ա߶˱ҩݹľҪ𣿡⻰ʷǧٵġ
ҡͷźϧˣϰʵûʲô˼
Ҳȡ
ģǱʿҲڵġƺǷҲԺҪһôҲý޼ɵ
𣿡ͽΪ°ͷѾ˳̺ץסǽڷ֣ǧٲûգҲǣš
ֺû˷ְ˵С
ףշǲ£УʿȻͣԶһ̹˵ۻ軨
һ룬ǽߵķȻһǿҽ⣬һڵӰѸײڶ֮ƳϮ
顪
д𣬾ˮľмɣ̻ͬһ緢У˱ֹͣЦŴӷһҳӰ
һʮ߰ʿ
ںڵķ˸Ժ󣬺ڰ׵࣬ݰףվҲܷһ
ǵ
ǣ
Ķģ
ʿɵش˴ŵʣʵĸŵģΪڲͨ󣿡
ȪҲƣû˵µʿҪ
Ǹλ·ϵ飬ˡȻһǳͺܿŻһǵĹ̬ȴòȭҾϣǶμʿ
μң
ۿȻǸμң
ǿ϶ܲ˰ɡ
ʿеǸʲôĽǿ񱣬ת˲֮䣬ʲôʲôȫ֮Ժ󣬷׷״ǰΧ˵
ͽΪȴںͷ룬Լô֪μиʿȻʶȫĶ
Żᵥɸʿ
ô룬Ҳˣʵķǧ١
ǰ֪ΪûдԼ
ǧ٣ô
û˵һ֣ĽŲȻͣڶǰ
̧ͷվĿûڷǧϡ
̺ﱻһ߱ӸӱΪӡ
Ȼ
ૣһסǧٵؽУ㣬Һ㡣
ͽΪ
״֪˭֪ΪʲôҪķǧٺ㣬ͽΪĵ׵Ļʳȴڴ˿˾
Ŀ


34 
㡣ﱧŷǧٽиͣ,ʿܲԡ
ϵѣǣ
Ŷ,Ǹλˡɿ,ת˽ܣҰ㣬߽أһԭʵΪѰġͷǧЦ԰,㣿
ͽΪ֪ǧٴĶܵܡͷûɣ
ɷǧپȻͷ
ͽΪ
,һôû¡ı飬Էû
Ⱦƻᱻ,ʿҲûʲô,˵˼ҽطĳʵ̫ʶȤƺƺ󣬻زݵĻز,㳡Ⱥɢ˸ɾȪǵԼǼǡ
ȵû˺ֿڣ,ֻġ
⻰ʲô,곤ϲ,Ͽ,˾˵ѡ
ǧЦǲǶν
ľ򴽣һĸ·ƺƣ۾ϧӳҰŵסڰò׼㣬һĵġ
ˣ˵˵ɡ
á
ﲻ鲻Ը,ǰǧٿŵذڶֱ۸ǣŲӰ
òͦòҲͦԵġ˭øС
ͽΪҲװһ׵,˿ͬۿͬУ˹̬ģϲ
߻լۡ·ϣƳһ۷ǧʣ˭
֣ΪԼصúܺãⲻ֪ǵŨҵĲˬ۶ᵽ
ղŲ˵ҵܵܡǧٿǰ·Ц
ҴûͽΪǲҲշ
շзǷˡ
ͽΪһģٿŤͷģ
š
Ǳɱģô˵Ҫ˵ͽΪղųŻжڳֱӳŪ
ҲȷĿġȻҪɹȱֽ˶μʿݡ
ǧ°ͺûŸеػǶͽΪԼľ
Ҫ
üʲô
Ǵӷ͵ܳģĿģҶܡղűˣҪ
ǧǰһվ۾ţҲ䣬ӦͲߵ˼
ûѧô˺úùͨѾѧʳǰвɵÿԣ֮ıûѧᡣ
ûֱ˦Ѿһѵõĳɳˡ
ǧָţ΢΢С
ͽΪһ㶣û
Ҫ𣿡
ʵûӦϾ֮ǰһһ׾ֱˣȻҲƯһƻǿΪ
һûסعʱѾ˺ݺӵߵΣ㣬ʹ
̫ˡһ㲻Ს̶ֳȡַңаŪˡô롣
ǧȴһ䵭ʲôҲ֪ʲô̫׽
ͽΪ˵Һ׽ҲŪǿϡ
֪ˣ
»ŵ㣬ֻзҼ֪
ͽΪĵһֱ֣ڣĪͱһȡˡ
ߡ
Ŵӱ﷢˸ҵǴӦˡ

˷£ͽΪбҪֻҪҪ۶ӣ
֮ǰŷǧڴʱӦҪ鷲˵ĽգŻʲôġ
ͽΪڶȥƽǷˣֶ﷭淭ü
˵ϦȻٲüֽͽΪ⣬ڳһ԰߱ĺУֻһϣҲмҡ
ٷϻ
úã˵ֻҪͷдԸٹϣԸͻʵ֡ãǻͽΪҲǺš
ֽģȾɫķ۵ĺģͷһҹĵɫﵹһĨѤŨīزʡ
Ψһȱ㣬ƽ⼸Ʋ֪ʲôĶطɫϵĶҲѹ䣬ľ͡
⣬񡣡ڻ￴дྶͥ
ûزݣͽΪ޸ֻ޸ڻĶ⻨ƺ޷Ӧɼʱ
ľ۲ŻڲҲѣ۾䣬ܿһΧۡ
ʿȫɼҳûˣǵһμⶫҲͶ춮УԱ߾͸ǵ˵
ܳ
ò׻ĵطҪһû뵽ͷȿ͡
㣬ôҽ𣿡һ׽нǺػͷʡ
ǧٻǽͽΪ߾ͱϵģﲻҵ£ֻ˵ҪԼЩɹȻˣҲ͵ʲô֪Ĳᡣ
˺üطǧűߣǱף㵽ڻûס
ŬǡǡǾǺѡ᲻Ȿ׸Ͳ׶ѧ
Ҫ˵ͽΪż߽ҲĶģ̧һ㣺ʱͼסˡ

ﶪ˽еͽΪǰֻſԼ㣬µһ۴㣿ͼסǱѽˣģ˭
ͽΪһͺܲˬ˭ʲô£
ߣǧ⣬Ҳˣǰʯһѻưڵϡ
ʣʲô
ơ
ʲô
ͽΪ
Һͷһαôӣǧپ½ǣֹ㣬ʲô˰
ͽΪﶯһ̧ͣͷ
ûˣҲһС룬ܿǳɫӵֹˮѵá

ŶһΪ˭ءץŷǧٵ½ǣЦؿͽΪ
Ƥһ
Ƶļ϶ԱվſһᣬƺȤܿתڡ
֮ǰ˵Ļƣǧſڶ£ͦɵôƽǮ
ͽΪʣôԸܣ
̧ͷƲŸ춢ߡ
һɱô죿
ǵᡣ
ô֪ᡣ
͵ҵֱɡ
ͽΪ˵ˣд㲻ΪҾͻᱻܹȥɣľ˵㣬ǲľǷԴ
һŪǧףָͽΪԹƹһèèơ
ղŻ˵ѵáΪ˵ˣһ͵Ļֽð
ǧЦԷǣⲻǰ˵õģ
Ȼǡ
Ǹзģĸо
ʿȫˣҲ֪ܲ˾ôðôû⡣
Ϊһء˰ľ̶Ķ䣬ǧٿɫݵ̧ۿΪϣҲ취İɣ
⻰͸ԵΣԼ裬ɫһȣûܲ⻰ͷŵ㵭Գζ
ﻹͷͷһ׾ˣվԽмʯץסǧٵ½󣬰˳һڡ
֮ǰڴʱôִŲ࣬ѵˮһǧȵĴܿ챻ɿ
һˡȥԼ޺õĻƣϺȥŻƣһҲͺˡ
㻹Сӣǧٱղһˣõòлּۻۣе
гϢʱͼѾ޺ǶõĻƣý˵޳𪣬׵ƤԳɫ磬˿̲ýŪյƵӣҲʮƺÿ
һ룬ǰֺֻȻץס
ָŷǧٵ˼£͸˵ռиС
̧ͷͿǸνġѵáƤ±ߣޱ飬⡣


35 
һЦ,󷽷ʣôˣ
ͽΪƲߣ˳ſ֣ûʲô
ȷʵóǷҵˡ
ǰ,ͽΪǧٵ,ڵϵɵرԹͲ㣬ȴһԣֱͦ,,ŵͽΪ̲סſ
ʱ룬ҵļҷȷʵϽ
Ҳָо
,ܵ,ЦݹһҲһͺʿһƬȪȻϲǵľݵ,νֲЦˣƢӳҲûޡ
,ʱǸС
ǧǰպһ,ͽΪ,ԼͯʱڵҲе㱻ȥ˼
ϰ塣·ǰ,һͷײǰķ
ŶǸǸ
Ц˵û¡
ôˣͽΪʡ
ӳأҳ㡣ָָͷҪǰߵһСݵ㣿쿪ʼûʱ硣ķɡ
ͽΪŶҿڲ
ȻϰҵˣзԸʱ
ʲôʱӦˣ
˵ô䵭Ļ㲻Һüˡ
ϧͽΪͱ̬˵Ⱥ,ЦٺÿҲûáڰʾ·ҪߣϽ˵ͷǡ
ħ޵ĻѪֻڽ˺Ĵ,ݲ򵥵ʿд˴Ҳ¡
Ƕμҵʿ˸ڣ治ô¡
ҵңԽǿ֮ԽҪһſ֮ġʷǧ٣԰ɣ㣿
ǧ٣ǡ
治ɫģͽΪƳԡеĵǷҼڶԷǧٺɱˣ
Ǹƨǡ̲ס͵
ǲȱˮԴĵΣҪҲкüСϪŻвѡ
䣬ͽΪȪһƫƧ羰õĵطյƾ͹ȥˡ
⻨ƾ˵㣬ѹʲô⣬Ҳûʲô⡣ûɲɣ;ɱݵĻ
Ӱ쵽ڶûſǧٵ½ǣǵǶǶ
ͽΪһֱǸ
Һò׼㣬ȻͰһѽ
׼˵һִʡ
˵طˣΨһԵϪǰʿӳϲ£ű߽ΪһȻ羰
ƽ˵Ѵƽķϰ˵ˣˣҪȫ¡ϸֽ̿ʵݸ˵˿˾Ͳˡ
㻹ǧٶ°ϡʡ
㲻𣿡
š
µˡǧһǵ͵ġԸҪԼȥ͵ˡǽֽʣЦʣʲôԸ
ͽΪ㲻Ͳ𡣡
ȥǻЩˡϾӦñ˭ԸǷ˵롣
дﲻ֪ʱܵ˶԰ȥûеƹţһƬȻһͨˮͽΪҪ˳ʲô£ĻƻŲˣԼļֽǰĻһ飬ǧ˵ȥ̧žˡ
һʱžֻյǰš
ǧϵ̺ӣͷļֽϸɸɾһҲûд
ղֻͽΪӡô£ҲӦˣҪǲдеˮ
ǧٲЩĿ翵ĶϣǼ¡ְѡȨŵĸоڶ 
ָһץֽһţֻͽΪ
ղдŻһյƶϣ泯¸ŵģӷǧǶȣֻܿд֡
ʵ˵¡
١
ֻҪԼǧٴʱ̬ݡ˾ᣬʵһĮȻˡ
ʱ˿̣ô⡣ͽΪղдֵ̫רעƽʱʱҪĺܶࡣ
ָ˶٣һ죬ֽƤֻдһ֡
iĴΪһͣ۵ϧѾˡ
ͽΪҵ԰ĹľԣſϪˮ棬һʯʨƵģû£ͷҪˮȥǱߣҡ
ǧ˲Ҳװˡ
ﲻ𣬶СϪ
˻


ˡ͵̧ͷȻۿʪỨˮ۾תҵذ׵ˮˡ
ȥ񰡡
Ҳ룬ҲܡηηģʵˮСʱԺͲС
һʿǸˮĺѼӣ˵ȥˣקסͽΪۣأ߱ˡһİѱ
ͽΪ޶ҪߣȥͰҼұ֤֮ϻȥͰ㡣
С
ϪվȥҲûϥǣ˻ˮ׵ɳһѽʸеСذס
ں߶߶ҰҵΨһһǺҪҪĶһҪҵ
Ҫ㻹Ū
û취Ϊֻ뵽ȥ
Աߵڴʱ˵ֱ۱һץס̹ǣϪˮҪһ㡣
ܴͽΪһʱܶһصʿ
ؿͷǧٵʲôϵ
ͽΪôı䣺ҵġô˵ˣ
Сѹ֣ǧǷҵġ
ˣʲôˣӲѣ
Ҳ˿ԴģȻų׹⣺ڷҵǸȲϷǧٰٷ֮һһƽӹðƻѡӮǧٵĴֻҡĺģң
ﲻ֪ƣͽΪ׽⻰Ķ⡣
̧֡
ΪԼǯƱͻƶ㵣ϾѾʵʵһȭ򷭽ϪУˮ˲ڱǣͽΪְקһȭ㲻ǳڱܣģֱӰʹһֱðѪ
ͽΪһȭҪȥ԰ȻͽΪס֡
˭ȭͷͣڰա̧ͷǧپվǰĲ״ȫӳǳɫͫ
Ŀȫǵķı飬衣
ء㡭
ӺＷɵӵĿͽΪ֣ܵʹϪˮ˵氶ϣǧһקֱۣ˰
㡭
סˣ޵ڰȫѪ޲Էܵ˵ĶԴ
ͽΪƽʱڷǧǰ٣ʱ˿̣֪Ϊһֶðֻܿŷﱧ˵ȿߣǧ˳˳ı
֮ǰޣҲĹı
ԣǧٶԵܵҲ
˵˭
Ӧÿ˵ʲôȴֻľȻվţ˼Щд𰸵⡣
һᣬĿСˣģ̌ͷӵɨͽΪ
ҲǸ붼롣ֻеҰޣҲ˻ë


һǧأɫҲ䣺
ƽʱķǧٲһ棬ͬλߵġֱɩɩķǧ٣Ƿǧ١
˹ȥзȻ϶϶Ѿƫĵص
ǧٵˣԼκá
ƾʲôüңȡ
ͽΪ
ͽΪѾжʱûǧٽԼȫˣֺ
ȭͷ߬ÿ֨֨죬ðסŤͷߵĳ嶯鲻Ըֶ̧Էϵ˺Ťı޸ãһԾɱϪˮ߰㡣
ǧٽ±̺ŵˣ
ҡͷǡҵĴ
Ȼȥɣѵ𣿡
ͷתʱбͽΪһۡ
һߣͽΪҲߣһûȤĶƫĺȥ˵ķǧٽѵԼ
ȵȡŲûͣǧں溰ͽΪ
ôҶͽΪˣת
ǧ٣ȹ˵
ͽΪվ˺һᣬΪѿһţ˸˶ĺӣҴԷͷ֮ǰԼȷ
˵ɣô¡
֪һھԼô¡ô˵ô˵ǧҲţ϶۸ˡҪȻղŻ䵭̬ȣ
ѹҪֱȥ˷ԭô¡
һ뵽ڷǧԼҲǶôرĴڣǡϲĹԺӡԼҲŸڶͽΪִ̧򿪷ǧ֣СֱϺȻһӡ
ˣǸʲôﵷûѪϵɡͷҲֵܡд̣ŮˣһǲҲҲûжںҡ

ûлشֻιĳĬ
ͽΪŸüŵ棬ίǲԸ⿴
Сӡ
ãȻǧ࣬ߵǰº͵ŵԴ̧
ҲƾʲôҪ
ȻֹԲ˫ۣΪǧקסͷϣ˹
΢΢̵ģĴ׵κʱҪһЩ
ЩذԼݵУ˰꣬ղŻֿǣȴԵֲִ̫
ͽΪӺ͸һ룬ӦסĺףȨǡ
š
ͽΪ·Ϊղŵˮɽʪһ룬ڷǧ֫΢΢顣ӷ˷һƵӶᣬǵ΢ת˲ͱû
ǧ΢΢ֹۣסһӳ⣬ͽΪڴݼ϶˵ҸղšûС
ûʲô
ƺǶʲôĻش𣬿ͽΪʱȴԸ˵׵ЩҪϢűŹ
ͽΪˣҲˣ§˰°ͷϣԱ΢΢ٵĺ㵽ϲ𣿡
šᡣղ׵ֻŵغһ̬ȡ
ͽΪ׷ʣǷأҲ
ղ˵ʲô̼ǰɡ˵ʲôҹգһûץ󱳵·һ˵С
ͽΪһ㶣㲻ǡǲ𣿸ղŻ
Ҳô˵ôסǣβڸղű׵úģ͸ŵζ˵ʲôˣСô
ôҡͽΪˣ֪ԼˣղŻŷǧ˵ֻԲ𡣡Сøӽһ
֪˾СҿɲǶÿ˶ôƢ
š˵ֻϲңԶƢá
е˳˼ǧü˵ҿû˵ǷϣĻƻǱߣȹȥ˵ɣһˡ
;УͽΪѷ˵Ļ˱顣֪˶ԷǧûġǿƫֲִĽһĶ˲
ǧٵɫģ·֮С
ҲǷﵷǵĶӣǷּҵĺӡСڱҶѡѪпɣҴǰɻΪ˾ٲά裬ڿӸҿġ
Ϊʲô
ǧһЦôֻ֪Լ֪ˡ
˵ڷҵǸðƻʲô˼
ƺջûͽΪԼļֽȥ
ǧٵҲ͵ҵ֪ԽԽáȻӲܹԹƽѵþʲô鷳ƫƫûɱ۲Ϊ
ʼе͸ȥͽΪԼὥʲôĴڡ
ﵷŮŮѪѾϡ˵ľЩǧ°ڣŻһ·˳ϪƮȥ
ǳϣСȼŵǻ𣬵ӳУûһ˿ʲôҲû¡
߰ɡ
šͽΪվͲдʲôԸ
˵˾Ͳˣ
ǵҲǡΪ飬ҾȲˡ
żֽûдʲôΰĿ꣬ΪͽΪ£ÿ
仰˵Ȼеû׵£ֻܿڼֽԸҲܸӳɡ
ϣǧܱÿԶġ


36 
,ͽΪΪѾ㹻֮Ϊ˺ƤҲװʲô͸ʲôιƾͲǱϱô򵥵¡
,ȴճڲݣû˵,ȭϹ㰤Ұ,𣿱Ǹ,ҵĴ
̧ͷͽΪ
е㾪ûȱ첲ȣҲûˣҲָÿɡ
ûҡͽΪ
ʵ˵ûѵһͷֺ,ɷǧٵ˼Ұֻð⻰ʻȥ
𡣡ԷȻڿ
յЩ궯,֪ʲô,䴫ˤ˵Ȫ󲽳,Աߵʿʣӳûϵϣ
ÿһ,û¡Ȫⶼˣһһְܵأ,˳ǳˡ
£ʲô£
Ȼħްǿĺӵص׸ľݵ㣬ħͻϮǺ£
ܵˡǴݵռݸߵ,ǹ۲ħ޶ĹؼأǸطǾ൱ʧһֻ۾
ͽΪȪ,á
ǰݵڵĵӣ粻ϣȪȥǵطҪа֮࣬˵ԶҲԶƾǵʿҲһһ۾ܵĵط
˵Ҫճ졣
ʧ˷ǧٺͶԶˣڱ߽ڵӰʧ˴룬ߺ󣬱ŵӻ᲻ʲôҪͽΪ뿪ڼزݣʲôҲܵһʱ档
㡭
ͽΪҲ;ܾҵĿģȻǱпѾħռ죬ҸҪȥ
⡭
ܵزöʦֵðգʦѾˣٳʲô£һӡ
ϰȥ¡첻֪ĴܳҿҵļСܰ㿴ݣ;ˣøҵ֤񡣡
Ȫԥֹ֪ͽΪֻӦ¡
ʱ伱ææضһʱʿҲ֪û˾Զڼ϶˻ҡæµţͽΪصլۡҷǧٱ档
ħǲп֪Ҹڵأ
ʣҪȥҲѾˡ
ҲҪʬħޣ˭֪ǻʲô
ûأǧ٩ҲСء
˵ǸħŮͽΪ鸮飬𣿡
ΪʶԶ£˭֪ͷһתص䵽档
ǧ٣Ҳ֪ʱ״ңû˭
Ҿȥħʳǣԩͷծµ֣Ҿɱ
ͽΪƽ˵úԥץס֣ܽȻĴֱ֮еġʵϣǧҲȷ֮ǰӦ˼ҡ
ûָֻ΢Ƥһܿߡ
ڷǧҪͬе£Ȫû˵ʲô
ΪȻᱻ߶߶䡰ûսֻϺȡ
ǧٵͷǵлͰ˵˸ãԼ֪Լڻʲô
ͽΪ˵ˣǧٲ
ãϵҲҪǽܶ˿һ𡣡ûһָָԶķ
˵ִҪȻڵ£ܶһμҵսҲ
㡣չסǧٵ֣һһᱣġ
ͽΪҪ㱣
ʶԷǧ¶Ķ⣬Ǹ˵ģͽΪ׹ף䱸ҲĽ䱸Լ˳÷Զ㡣
ǧٶ֪˲ййǹӴζȥˡ
˵ķΧͶЩ˵ԼƲûﱻߣ۾Ǳߣ˼
ʱ䣬ʿִǰݵ㡣
ȻȲҪ˵ؾʲôʱСݵ㣬Χѹз󻤳ǣңңȥһܿԶĺӵصڣͬģҲܿǵıҪ
Ȼ£Щ类ͳͳƻ˸ɾȪȫʿҲҪش˵صԭˡ
̤ȥһ˲ᵽŨŨģ˲ʵħ
ټǰֺվӣŸҽ롣жϱڲԫϿӿݣݱƻֻʣػĴɢʯ˵ĺֻʣϯµš
ʬѪζ
ӳǱߡ
ݵĵ⣬ʺϴӵ½ͷء߼ܿһͨµŴ󳨿š
ͷǸָӹܵĴͷԭͨµҲвػġ
񶼱˸߰˰ˡ
ڳȴûһʬ壬ǡ
һһ̨ףȪеĲҲʵʿǰһĻ׷׵
Ѽ˱߽صɱ¾ϰصʿʬҲ˲㵡
ȫ
һҲû
ħأӳ
ЩͷԼģ֪¿ǡʵ۸ӣһԹþǾôððʧʧȥпԼҲ·
ħ޲ӰԭҲˣǶ뱻Щ֮Թˡ
̫ˣŻɢȪЩǱȽЩͷģһ飬ħ޻ǻŵˣص硣ħܻ׽ͻ׽׽ɱҲСɱֹʦֺͷʦѾˣֻܿԼ㡣
ʿӦ̤ϲͬĴͷ󣬺ܿʧںڰС
Ȫͷʣµ˵Ҳ߰ɡֱȥ߿
ͽΪʣʲô
ҲֻǸоħ޼Ȼռݴ˵أЩͷ˵Ҳǵ취ķ˵ѭζҹȥ
ͷҪĵ£ƺʿĵطҺĴͷ󣬲ȽȥͻᱻȪŻ˵˶ɢ
䣬ûʲô쳣Ȫָðŵףǰ죬۾Ǻã죡
ŭеһ˻һƷʯʿˣЩҷӷӼֵ
Ҫﵱ͵Ҿһֻ۱һֻˣʲôϣ
ǣҷŻȥźزʯϵĻңŻԭλȻɻѣűǸƺҲװʲôһһġ
ģ
ȥǸӣһѪҹͬѰ濴϶ʲôĶҪȥˣ̵١
ԶȪ׵УקһǶɫʯķһǼֵƵı
ûһ룬ǹӵºȻִһϸ΢Ŀ
ȪϤ֮ǰæ޽Ĵͷʱʦ˵ԼܶǲסЩͨȻкüػȷʵֲֺ˵ĵط
㵣ſں
졪
Ȼֹ컹ΪԼʧ飬ܿͷΧ֪ʱ˼ڵġǽǴͷ󱻴ı֡
ղǸˣ˿̿¶͵˽ȻͬĿռ
ƩͽΪٱ۵ĹѾĪһĻȣȪҲԱߣǸʺҾĲôӦ
ûˡ
أͽΪקסʡ
һ͵ĵطȥˡ
ɫһܸоλȥǡϣ
ܵġǽʧʱǧ˳صıϢ
һֻ޴ģ绢סܣҺ˳żȾʪ˳ɫϺõĵ̺ȹƬˮգŵת˸㣬¾ûˡ
ƺڵ״ȣֻҲͬ԰㾲
ǧٵݵģ㣿
̫侲ЩȤΪһͨ϶ܿȵı顣
ô֪ģ
ǵز²ħ֣Ǿ͸ûа˰ɡ
һ˲ķֱ꣬ܿЦȡ
һҲû䡭֪ʵǲŵġ˵ڱ߽Ϯˣ˷ˡͻȻ˵ûаѪҪɱ֮ҲţҸš
ǿǷǧ١
дˡŤתԤԣעҪΪһϾ֮˵ġİ㡣
ҪǸŮţһͷСصֲòʼˡĳ˸ˡ
أǧٵȻ°ԼΪɣҲôŰɣϾҵȷǸˡ
У
ͻȻ𣺡Ƿҵķǧ٣ҵİ㣬㲻Ƿˣ
ǽʵһ룬ǧٵ̧ξһ߲壬赲ʲô
д̴ơնĽǣѪĦߴߴѪ󶹴󶹵䵭۽üңϷǷ߬ذҧгݡ
ƾʲôһһӣɲסһкƾʲôС󴦴ѹһͷ˰еĹעͳ谮ȴһԾͳ˷
ƾʲô
һûд㡢ûпԼӮ㣬˷ƾʲô
Ϊҵĺ޾ͻΪЩߵĶͻٴλص𣿡
Ҳˣ
͵سذס
ǧƺߣʹıֻ֣üͷ
ḷ́Ҳý̫ǿʹٱˡȻԸעֻЩĵף˾޷ϲһ˿һ
ԷСֻɱ
һ죬Ҫ÷ǧ¶ܸԼʹɫ
һ
һѽӵǰ
ż㳤Ůףõöֽ
ƽÿһܣ㣬ʱᴫĴ¼˵һֻԴģϾۿġ
⺢ӣ㻹ǵɱĸף㱨ˡһ
̧̧򢣬ʾǰѽ
㣬㲻ǷˡһǣֻװԲԣ
㣬ѽ֣Ϊ˱ǸŮĶΪȥʲôõĶֻ㡢㣬㵱һԴ
Ƿǧ١Ǹǧٰ
޵㣬ˣѽ


37 
ǱڷǧǰմȾѪһ,۽ʸеḺ̌ۻ಻
˭õĽ˵ַˣҡ
ĵʹǻ֫,ޱ飬ָ,ʹЩҪ,ƺѾǸýˡ
,һľʵذ֨֨𶯣Ӱ֣ɫͫ״ϸ
ʱ,һնȥĸͷ­ֻܶڲݴɪɪ顣,ɳ㹻Ǹ߲ʵʱ,ȴѾ̳ԼСúһֻϡ
վ
صصͺ
Ѫžžવشָ䣬˻,оʹ⻺ֱ
,ǵ⣬ǿս˼
һ˲俴ǸֻȴߴӰ,׵һѪմϣ䣬սһС
գ,ǰ˷ԼСֱڲǽײסǰѽ
ʲôϰ

Ӧǧȥ,ΪҲͽᵤƤδγܣ㱻ǰѽƤ⣬ҲҪʹҧǰ˵Ĳӡ
ľ⣬ײȥ
еʹûеڵأڵϴɵԶǧױѹڵأǵһëҲûȥ
Щ𾪣ͷ㿴ǧٴԼȾѪƣɫ԰ף㵡
ҲʮֶҡǸûᡣ
ľȥֻҪУܽ˵顣

׶ӱϮҽУ˲ѣһϽƿǾ޻ͬһԱڰؽлΪʲô˵㻰
ǧ٣վ
ɷûδɢȥ磬ҧؽŷǧ٣һֻᵤܽ£㻹Ƿǧ𣿡
Ҫǧվǰѽɱ˻İ㡣ҧ̹Щ²塣ɱʱŻбĿС
ѾԶȥʰٴӵǧߡ

ɵҲûж˹ȥץס½󣬺ҵǿҪվҲùŰѽ

ǻӦģǷǧٺȻЦ
ЦţţǻӲĶڹֿĻصţ÷ﲻ㶡
㡭Ϊʲô˲õ𣿡
ǣƽڣﵷΨһŮǳսˡҪˣҲҲӡֻҪħ˲֪ŮѪѾҾͿȹĵλ
Ҳ֪ﵷΪʲôѡðƻϾûԽûдѪŮ˶ǡֻǸƽӹòƽӹģˡ
ǣ㽵ķǧ٣أ
ŪЦ𣿡
һذѵڵأҲЩϢ̫̼ĴԣסҡͷϹ˵ʲôΪһ𣿲ܡ
ôܣҾǸˣ˾ķˡȴ˿ԵϾ𣿡
ڼڽطˣǧٵۿȴԽԽ죬ԽԽƣˮβlµ°ͼһ٣Ūѩ׵ӡ
ˮվͺ
ڽȥҲࡣװ񡰷ǧ١ҲβĿ顣
õôҲ䲻ɺõġ
ޱ鴹ᣬﲻԸʵһܻشС
ҵĺأҪô죿Ҫɱ˭ſԽҲſü
ĵ˼Ȼһʰذףǧٵ½̧ʹ̵һͣڰա
˫ĿȻЦ㡭֣Ȼ㶼ķˣЩù˰ɣ
ǰ˪˲ʵͷΡЩôСôණҲһѱζ
Ǿ仰ζȻɿ½
ʱʧѪϵħŨ񣬷ǧٵܲĴ̼Ҳȥʹӣָ߬ǻɬع˼ϧȿ޻ѹ
ãߣ
Ȫҵߣ̧ƿصķţͽΪһ˽ȥ
ţŨҵѪζɫ΢ûеƵڣֻĻ谵߲ܿ⡣
̲ѪУϡϡȫˣ֤ˣ̫ˡ
ɱȥʱܿ죬ʱȴͣס֪оһͻ飬ͻʧ
ڵķǧ٣ĸо
ʩչĹȪѾʶ̽ڣһֻһϢĻ͵ڵϵһѽ⣬ûбĶ
˶óǧϵ˶¡
ˡ
ħ𣿡Ȫǡһ˵һ߽Ŀڴǧٺޱʱһ
ͽΪڹ˲ЩھҪ˵ԣûС
ܾԼٲ㣬ǧٻ
**ͻȻüͣ͡ųٳٲã˿ں£ٶúһʬ塣
ͽΪ⡭
֮˵ͽΪκ
ȪӴл񣬸ϽͷãҲԡȰѷʦκá˵ز˾֪ﻹħޣȳȥɡ
ŷǧ뿪ʱ;кˣͽΪıϢһЩϸ΢ı仯
ʣоЩ𣿳ʲôˣ
û˻Ӧʵڶ飬ǧٶûпڡı飬;ñϵº䡣
Ȫħ޵°иʣµʿ˳˵£Χҵһ仹ûƻֵ̫ľķ
ķͨеķʺʿơǶͱϣҲһŴеá
ڷΧ¼ŷ󣬼ǧٵֳٳֹסѪûõĻӦɡ
ȪʱһЩõҩƷҩ۵ʦ㣬ʧˡ
ǧٰ˫ۣ޽࣬ڿͷգҲʲôҲûڿ
֣Ȫܿӵ磬ʿڵƺʲôͽΪһҴҶȥ
ѪζûɢͽΪڴߣһֱŸüͷ
ǧҪǼҲ٩һ䡣£û
ףʲôˣʡ
ûлش
ǧ١ȴжף㻰
㲻þҡã֣һھɫѿôʡ
ʲô˼Ҳþ㣿𣿡
˵أ
ǧ٣һվЩŭضӦˣôַڣ
Ҳ㡣ϲҵʲô
һ㶣û̴𻰡۲תЦϲĻȥﲻǸã˵ôϲһĸо
üۻȾûɾѪĵһƽԼȴ˺飬ͽΪԱţ˻ࡣ
㲻Ƿ
ʤҵ˺ܶࡣţ֮ǰ˵Ա˫أ壬ֻ²վֻƽӹķѪͽΪǶμҵĺᡣ㰢˵öԣַֻȾѪңһ˲١
˵һ飬㲻ǷҸںЩ
ǧЩͬһ̵ĵͽΪѪ˸Ŀꡣ֪ޱ˵Щķǧ٣϶ҪʹϺü
ǻ˵ֻˡԶô㽡𾴵ˡ
׷ʲôŻ
˵뱻Ϊ룬Ϊֻǲƽ⣬Բ˵ֻûǧٻһֱţǵڡ
ǣԸ
һֱôѹʲôֻҪ˵˻ǱģҶ
˵ģΪ˰ο¶дʡдڼֽϵ֣Ը
ͿǧʧȥΪûһֵġ
ǰΪѾͬ
ȴ΢΢ӣЦûõġȻԴһƫҲԸ߰ɡ

ͽΪ߳ӣվ˰Σ¯ʯүһɡ
ŶаҪʲô
Ҫ֪ղŷʲôбҪĻҪһˡ
˸İ⡣


38 
ʱ,ʯү˵ϵĶμѪرġ
رģֻ˵,㶼̳С»УΪ
һ취,ݵʹЩ
Լһָ,ԴΪý,Ϳͨʯ
ʵͽΪûôùҪܶ¿ԿԼȴˡ
۰ڵ飬Ȼ벻κܹ˿ڵĴʻ,ֻתȥ
֮ǰ߹һأͽΪǵ·,Ǽ䴥˴ͷķ,ȥӣͷ󱻷,ʹǿн룬˷Ĵ͵ص,ȻعѾڷŷַǧٵĿڡ
Ҳʯүӵ֮һ,ܷ˭ԶʱԼٿأҪ޽
ʱ,ҵͷ˵İ׻ޡûǹͷ˶ˣ۽ʪᣬ뵽ǧ,֮ǰҲΪʲô޹βǺġ
Ҿ𣿡
˼
һӴ˺ǧ١һʶҿļ䡣
һһΪĸĻЩѣҲ˾ʲôûˡ
ءء
Ҳϲƭҡ㽫ҳ
̧۾ɪɪţĺͱ֤ͽΪ
ë׵Դʶ̽ʶ
ղһɲǼС
ͬƣˮʹôɣȴǽֱ
͸֪ģܷǧô˵ֱһɱ˷
ʵʱֻһϢͽΪɿ֣Ӻ˻Ĺͷˡ
ʯүӷһõ֪ˣ
ǰɡ
ҲˡҺħ֡Ϊʲôǧ֮ǰһҲû
صڣʱʳźϼƬƬѹưܾݵͷһͷ
Ȫ˻ûӵ³ˡʩչʯүӵ׷Ѿھݵ㸽ҲûԶȻ˱߽Ҫ
룬ġǧҲδ£ߡ
٣߽ҪȻǲôעĿĵطʺ֡
˼ţеǰͣһͣڼž뿪Ѿһʱ
ǧٲ֪˯û˯ţ㳢һҲûлӦ
ĵӰֻм֮ңȴԶ
֣Ҳ·̼ʧ
Ѿˡ
ͽΪ֪Ҫôı뷨ȥɱҲκν취
ĿԽ𣿷ǧҪģʲô
֪
Ҳûȥ¶ŷһϴһʱﾹȻš
ñлҪ졣
ʲôţͽΪһһ䣬·ͨ˺ѡ
ͽΪԡ
Ǿݵ룬ǷǧڵľķǵڶԶȻϢ˭Ҳᱻ
ҷ֣ǧƺϲ㡣ʵһû˭ݵ̶ֳȹ
˵ʲô
ֻǸпϾҺͬһһʮ꣬װԣûۿҡ
ЦЦ
ԡҲֻǵĶҡȤˡ
ԣҺĽ㡣
ԭ˵һ仰ʱ翳Դһкܿ죬ôľ룬ᱻ㿪
ͽΪȴͣס
¡
ɱ˷ܽ
ҲУչСйĻǾͲǰ취
ҪǰͽΪҲѾ֡ȴʼǣڷǧٶԣôõġ
죬Ҹĵطֵ
ﾹȻһڴӦʱͽΪʶ̽һȦ˾Ȼû
ʲô
û컨ӣҺһӣԱ߻ҳĴ齡
˵Ķˣ£Դ𣺡ˣ˵ҺĽͷǧٵĹϵ
̧ۿ
ΪûѪϵԺͷǧٵò֮۾ǺڵģЦʱ޺ۣЦ΢΢ֻ˳浾С
㲻֪ɣǧٴСкööණҪǿҲһ
ÿһ񣬸ǹ֮ңֻű˰ذס
Ϊǰ˸ģɺ֪ǰذ˽Ӵֵֻһǧʯģ洦ɼ⡣
һǺϾȻۣҲǷǧûеĶ𣿡
ҳڣʱ룬ܾ˱ӡߵζʲôʱҲƷζƷζʹࣿ
һһģͬڽһԶ೤Ĺ£ֻһ˫רעͽΪϡϡ
˪𣿿ǲ޿ĶߣеһѡڰѣںЩ
أΪҺᣬЩʧƺҲЩ
ǵױʲôŻŻŭŻѽû⣬Ϊҵ𰸣һϣ뵽ˡ
һ˲¡
ץסͽΪ½קԼӱҵĶƷͽΪٶȱ죡
һץסͷķ˿ʶڴ˿ƿʶǿн롣
˳һľʱϯ
㣬㡣
㡭ҡ
ǰͣȥıӰŮοүģСֻǡֻ鲻ðˡ
𣿡ķίʡ
һǵġСֻǡѹ̫ˣϾŮΨһĺѽ
ΨһʣҲҲǰĺ𣿡
Ůһ㶣Դûлش
ɫļʱתɿ졣
صĻƿƬ˸ϡáʮһŮ꣬СiССȻԳµòڴĪ棬ֻ
ֻѩϸݵУ߬һƬ̫߬ѾƤ⣬Ѫ
޶ãΪʲôҪŮˣˡˡ
ΪʲôҸղɱЩˣΪɱҪ¶ˡ

û˶ұΪʲôҡ
ƺʲôסʺסڱˤڵأɫҰ׼ϢǷҼʩϵĽ䡣
һ˩Ĺ⳶ӣʹֻԼ
в޾ȼĻ⣬Ų͵ֻԼ
졣ﵷǶ޷ľ磬һѪķ˵ִӦûŻѪɣ
ҸҪˡҪȥ
ιι
ʶͻȻжϣͽΪһʱûܷӦ
Ÿʲôͼеĺͯͬ˵ķѹϡ
³ѣǰ㯵ڴ˿ɢ˸ɾΪӸղŵЩУ񡭡ҵһ취
£ͷﵹϣ½֪ʲôϣͷߣҸղ˵Ļ𣿡
ʲô
˵Ҫ÷ǧٱҪٴ𽣣Ȼɱͷ֮ޡ
˵ץסͽΪԼϻÿ¶һƬȰסƤµعǡһ롣
Ц취Ȼˡ԰𣿡


39 
ǧٲ֪Լ˭
û,ҲûУֻ֪ԼʹѪѾʵ
ʮǰԹ,ƴӡ
ʮʱм̴䷢ܡûԥ,ɱǡ
һɱ˱м,Ҳ򵥵ùͷ
¡
Ҽ´Ƶ,ֻ֣豨档
Ȼһϣߵڵأٲز,һľ㡣
֪Լˡ
ұһμﵷǵԸ,,Ϊġǧ١
صʲֵڵķǧҲʹ,ǿԵģԸ񲻷ġѵĶԡ
ʱҲ֪ﲻԡ
ںӦúܿ,Ҳ㹻
ҲǷﵷѡԼԭɣ
̴ӿ˵˺ܶйλŮ¼û,ȴƺ˭ҪϤ
ǿš
ħվ˸Ц
ǧپڵԼҲǸЦ
ʮ,һɱˣһʶԼҲġ
ɱ˷ﵷǶɱ˵ħ񣬵ϷﵷǶ޷,ԼǺݺݴ˷˵ɣ
Ҳǡǧ١塣
ΪˣʲôʹࡢټѣٵӣٱֶΣνΨһ㣬µµΪΪӵķ
νʶԶ͵سĴĵʹǧϣһʱ䷴ӦƵ˿ڽ衣
þûֶˡ
ǡ֤
һҲޣ۵һȴڷֵǰѽʱͣס
׵ĽУĽǶŸ߽ʯ˫񽣡˪
ԴǧپͰҪķﲻܲˣΪʲô⡭
ĬΣƿ̺´˪ǰ
ȥҪѣһֽסڼ֮˷ʮϢĹ򣬲԰׵ָŲ

Ƿ졣
ձע⣬ʱŷ֣ϲ֪ʲôװһСͳʯöʯͷǰֳ档
ͽΪ
˵ҵĻ棬·һ룬ڴϡ
һͲµʼĩ۵׸ֳŪϧЦûЦ⣬ֻб䡣˪Ľ߬֨֨죬˿ںҪ˺ѿ
ֱǻʧǧٶû̧ͷ

˵һ飿
ͽΪڴʡ
ϵķ˵ûΪȻ֮ϣзѪ˫ޣңֻҪҼ÷ǧٴ𽣡Ҹ㿪
ŭ
ȻԼƷ˴Ǹ˶ɣ
Цô¶ֻкá
ͻȻһȭ
ͽΪ̧֣ԴƫˤڵϷôһ
˶ð⣬㶣ŷʲô̧ͷͽΪϵĻҳվǰ㣬˵úǸƷ
㡭Ҵҡ۾
ʵɱġͽΪɲǼ䣬еԼϺһεķУǷԼתţܽɱֻҪͽΪǰһ㣬Ӧþͻᵱͷء
ԼʧܣмЯ
㡭ɱҡɫְףǷҵĺᣡɱˣΪҰŹ𣿡
˵ְһȭʹһأǰڻðӣԼ洦ɼʿˣҺ޻֮ʶѹָû
ֻܴӺʳɵӵвϧڱǿиһš
㡭ҪȥĶͽΪȻתҪߣקס½ǣֲǿ־廹ƫִЩŤͽΪͻȻͦɱӴ̼˷ȥʱڴеĴ
ͽΪĿĵغȷ
顱
鱻⳨ڻ谵ûˡ
Щغͷķǧٶߡ
ǳɫ۾һǵˮβŴĿĵĺ죬Ҳ֪ڴ߹˶ãlҡҡ׹ʱᵹ¡
ǰһѽͽΪϳ˪ǧٽʹù񽣡
Ĭţߵߣͬ𣿡
ȴޱ飺ôˣ
ͽΪ֪ղſʲôʵ֪㲻ʵϢҪã
ɫһͣϵ·ûбĺۼ죬ǰĽ
ͽΪ֪ѽʱ;شĶûΪȻҲò
ңˡð˵ɳƵúƱɰֽĥ
ʲôˣ
顣ʧȥΪҲˡ
ͽΪһ㣬ץס֣ͼԼ
ǧûֻǼ˵ңһֱȥ졣
š
ڡȥˡ
š
Ҳ֪ȥʲôɫۿ죺񡭡ЩһУǰ׷ѹ򡣵ͷʲôҲû֤
šͽΪĬĬţĪˣҪҲİο˺ܶࡣ
ǰʹң벻ȥ𣿡
ʱ˵Ҳ롣
ڣҸ˵أ
̧ۺͷǧٶӣδġɩɩô㯲֪ӣ˭Ҳ֪һ棬ֻԼ֪
Ҵȥɡ˵졣Ҵȥ
ǧһ㶣ȴץøһͽΪͻ뻳
ǸǰֻԹԽСɩɩĺӣȴ̧߳ĺף߸˵ˣҶҪˡ
ڷпļ䲻ǱɽһǣûпȫѾ㹻׷ǧЩƫִ
ʧȥΪնһ͵졣޷ʹࡣ
˵ҡһֱü˪Ľ顣ղŸ˵ֻһˡҲˡ
ҲһԶԶ𾴵ˡ񣬺ж޹ء
ûСǧ١һҲûСͽΪ
㲻ʲôЦҵ㱣֤һ٣̽Եص±ӵ
ûд𻰡ҧŴڵֻʣİڼҵزסҡҷ
ھú綼ֻʣˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãõͽΪҪ̲סٴοʱأȻоǧٵס·ߴ͵͵ġЦ𣿡
ţ˵һǧ롣˵
ȦǺ죬ȴǷЦֲ嵽ҪЦҪޡ
ͷһ񣬰ȫͽΪ·ϣǻ
ҡ˸Ρεǰ
ʵҲ֪úʹǰ˵ټˡԶȥˣԶûǰ
Ҳˡ֪
šͽΪͷ룬ңǱǰõööҪǰ
ʵеԴޣ֪ǫôдΧ⻰һͿˡǧپúЦ
̧ͷͽΪƺӦʲôһûӦ´ʡ
ֱסֻܿŷǧ۾ղЩʹãɣֻصϣͽΪҪȥ𣿡
šعɫ죬Լͷȥ
ǧⱻסۣĲβϸ飬һͱ׵ֻһԵĹϡ
ͽΪ̫ûףеղסֻǳֹҪ죬һֻʶȥխ־岻
ֻ֮ǰȥϻʱѧϰһ֪ʶԼղ˰ѷ顣
ѹףϵĶȴ£ﶼﶼûá
ǧٱúԽԽԽԽȾɫ
ĿռڣȶͽΪȴʱ͵ͣһ£Ҳɿˡ
գۣǧ´Цݶعǣ֪ʲô𣿡
ͽΪȻ֪
ҲֻΪ֪ʶ֪
ӻһ룬ϣôŪ
а㺦޴룬һ²Ҫ˼
ǧȴһ£ʣ㡭꼸ˣ
ͽΪʮ߰ôˣ
ˡ˭֪õ𰸵ķǧһ뻹˵һ鴩·˵УȥСӡԼ
Ȼʮߣмʮˡ
ʵȷ˽ģ࣬ͽΪϱʮų磬ǧڽʲô
㡭
Ҳᣬ̽ץסǧٵַڴףɩɩ
ɫǺ죺ôҡ
ƺƽʱͽΪҲҲУֳϣԽеú˳
ǧٳʮ꣬ûһ죬ԼҪ̱ôŪԼ
ͽΪӣϧ̫죬һҲޡ
Ѿ֣˽ڻȥȹӡŮװҲûôʡѿӵĹ
ǧǹӣǰм䣬Ҳûطˣȣֻץļ򣺡šûУ
ûأ˿ܸо
ʲôá
˵ȴͽΪһʱסûžͽΪӦһۣ
ôܻۡ
šüǰϸϸشµβüȾ˸ĺ죬ȥ˵òС
ȡ㡭ô
ãҪ˼ǵø˵ƫƫǰ˶ЩӦ޲úϰһ׺ѵĽС
ĺͽΪĶǳǳһգǵ˵Ҫͺ
ǧͷе㲻˼ûڶ˱С˰ꡣ
˵ĺָ϶ʱʱǿʱŪҪҪش۾ŵغߡ
ͽΪǸͷβ׵òٰ׵Сף֪ʶҲǿһࡣ
ղסҪ죬ĥ÷ǧٹ﷢ᷢɬᵽľۺһƬʵܲˣϧͽΪһ⣬ûס
ĸо˲䷵ϷǧٴԣͽΪ˲־ͲסҪԼ͵ૣ̫̫ˡ
ͽΪ⣺ʲô
˵̫ˡ


40 
ͽΪѧʱǼߵڴ˿Ҳ֪ȥ,ǧֻܴǿиס֣˫ˮ۾ҡѧŵ㡣
ɫ죬ֻܽŷǧٵ֡
ô,ϲԣȴ˼úܣһԼΪʲôҪ,һ϶Ҳûͣ
ͽΪֻ߼ٵǧٵŲ˵ĹƻУֱȵ,˻ûع
ǧԴϣű,ûˬƣ
ⷽĪĺǿС飬е,ǲʡ鸴ӵְüۼϸ,ŷմ˶,ǧ۽ü϶Ҳմ,һ㶣Բ
һЦȻ̧ͷָһ¡
ϰ,þˡͽΪ״ס
һƿ,ͻȻһתȥš
ڴǧٵЦ,Цû,٩ζأͽΪȷʵûС֡ˡĳ棬˵Щ̫̼ˡ
סڱĬĬǽϣһ,ֻһ뷨
ǧ١ÿɰ
bokiˡ
СʱӦʰˣŽȥ
Ϊղһף˵еѿ˼ȥͼѾ°·ȹӴãڲϵı
ҶҰ㡣ǰץסʶ̧ͷɨһۣƯü۸ɸɾ֪뵽ʲôָϽͷʵһ뷨
ʲô
ʩչ˿ϣҸղŸ˵˻һܣ˵ɱ㡣
֮ǰڵȴû֡ΪʲôΪþƽӮ㣬Ҳ֤Լǿ
ԣһ취
˵ﱾӦ̧ͷ֪Ϊ뵽ղһĻ̧ԵҪҪһܣ
ǧüҡ
ţ֪ǣ˫ͱȽĻҲûʲôƽ˰ɣ˿ڳϣץס󣺡һ졣ֻ룬ѽ
һ٣û˵ͽΪҲ
ûɲʿҲý
ãҿԣ
ðΣ³һ䲻˵ֻ
ٽǿˣһ䷲ܾǿƺҲҡڲٲǰ
ͽΪŸԼľڴʱһѡ
ԡ㲻Ƿǧ𣿡ҪϾûţһ䣺Ҫ˵ѣԴժߡ
˪ڵϣǿ
ڷǱߣȥ̸
ͽΪ֮ǰһֱûɱҲԭƫִΣûаëǮϵܳΪǧٴ𽣵
ҵãʱǲ̫˵㡣ǧٳǣһ̧üۺӣòһ˰ɣ
ͽΪ
ôܣü
˲ϲԼôġ˵ͽΪڿǧа˰ٸСʱ˾
Ҫ£ܾû뷨˰ɣ
ûֿԣûҳʲô֮ʣ㵽˵ʲô
ûʲô޳ָ˪԰ɡӦĻ
ӦҲôӦ
ͽΪ˵ȷʵӦҲôӦϾǱŲӦʹһٵ̸̬ġ
Сû˺ףû뵽ֻ۷ӵһƳѾʧȥˡܾһΣҿɲͬʲô˫ޡԼûջᡣ
˵ͱͽΪһקס½üʲôܣ
㲻Ǻ÷ǧٴ𡣡ʵ֣
ΪⷬҪԱ̸ճ˭֪꾹ȻɴͷС
𣿡
šŵرֱۣ㲻ҲһʤǧٻΪһǵô
廹ûָ˵ҲҪ
޷ҿԵȡҶһʮˣٵȸʮ𣿡
ͽΪһ٣ץסߣһʮꣿ
ǰԼ˲ֹһͷķ
ƺ˾ȣ类ʲôһҧͯʲô𣿡
ͯյûʲô⣬߾ȻҲʮĺһ
һ˲Ҳˣ
㲻յҵʲôָʾģ
ΪʲôҪأɱ˷ǧ٣ǿԸϸġ
ͽΪɱʱ򣬵˵
˵껰Ťͷ뿪
ѾȪ˽µĵһ죬ͷʱ֮ǰ˵ڵ·ʲô飬ջ
һֻħޡ
ͬ࣬ϸСƨϳһϸβ⣬طɡ
ȪҲ˵ûôСħޡħֵȼ㣬ֻǱħ޴ӡԹһ죬ʹôһԼûջջ
ȴҪɡ֮Ȼɶʲ
ѾǷ飬ûбĶǸʱ䣬Ȫ̷̾ء
ʱͽΪܸоֿƲߣսսŻţһ͵˯ķǧٶע⵽ʣôˣ
ԲΪҡ֮ǰŸˣʱҲڡˡ
Ŷ޷Ӧ
ֲֻҪȪʦϵ£ͽΪҲٿڡ
ص߽Ҫ˶ȥǸŮħޣǧҲ˵ȻҪǾ͵ôڿʼȥҲƻͱˣ㿴
ͽΪȻô¿
һֻ֮ǰǧٺȴƣɫԼǾ䡰̫ˡ
öȻ֪ıĳк
֮ǰڵ¸£ȪקȥæɻڱŻһȵӡ
һ֪ۡ
ҸҪۣչر˸ƣȻħһָһʯ֮ǰڵ͵
ͽΪղȪϽˣ
ѽѽҼã͵ˡ

԰ӳû֣һȥ̰ɡ
ΪʲôҪȥ
ҿϰͦȱǮİȥҷһ롣
ͽΪܾȻԼûǮҲûʲôرҪǮĵط
һΣ뵽ǧ˵á
˵ʤľ͸һ㲻ƨûУѹһ£ָĵñ˭ߡ
Ҳֻ֪ʶ㣬ѧһѧͶˡ
ⶫѵܱȽиѣаɡȷʵҪǮ
Ŷã߰ɡ
̵ϰˬ죬˷ֱⶫǸĽ׺û˰죬ǧʯ
쵱˵ҪȥһͽΪҪҪһҡͷܾ֪֪Ҫ˶ĸ򣿡
ͽΪ߽Ժû̽֡ƽЩ㹻һЩҪͽΪҲ˼ʡ
Թȵʲ̯һǰͣס̿ͺܲѰ̣ڵƹ谵ľϰҲЦг֡
°ͣԼҶˡ
ҹĻʱҪﻹŵơͽΪӷǧ٣һ߽ȥͼѾɫ΢ףźһ
ôˣ
Ȼһȥ
߽һֵֻӲ֪Ϊι˸״
صʲôбü۵˵㡣
ͽΪһûʲô߰ɡ
ǧ٣
ȥ·ϣеĲɵġ
Щ̫Ļʱ˺üϸԽԽòԡ
ΪʲôЩŮ˶±һ
ͽΪ档
ܷǧˣҲִɵռ
ֱѻȫ꣬Ҳûõκֻɻ
ʲôȥˣǧڵ
ûʲô
Ȼעߣüͷüšһ
ڷǰʱû˵һ仰СƺǾ䡰áùǺ
ǧľЦΪ·գʢľģҲҪȥˡ
Ҫȥһ㱨һ䡣
ͽΪͷȥ
ǵã¿ԼæԼġ
ͽΪȷʵҲб¡ǸŮħޣѾ߹ȪԼҪȥʻܵǱ߰ͻȥҲʱ䡣
û¡±ȽҪ
ǧ򴽲ÿɷ񣬰ڰʾˣȻݹϷš
ͽΪ
Ȼʳڡ
ѵҪֱϲ滹棿


41 
ͽΪҹ붨,׼һȥڽзǧ𴲣Ȼȥ
ϱӣһѵһʱ,ϰÿÿ峿ܿһС±ԷϿΣȵϣһֻŽˣһؼҡ
ʱûѧ,ͶС¸¡Īͦϲ
ϧûŷǧٳһ£Ȫ˰ݸ𼱻ȥݣ˵ǴǸŮħ޿ʳʲô
ͽΪܲݸ˵ʮ𼱵,ǰ۽յķ,Ż,ǧû,û춯š
ݵɳʪͽΪʱ,ȪŶվŮħޣҪô˵Ļ
ҡҲ֪,˵Ķġ
Ůħ޹ڵ,ͽΪǰһС,Ͼħ޶ֻܴʵеϡ١
ô£ʡ
Ȫղ˵ͶǡͽΪֻҪǵͷͻ֪ȫǡ
ûҽн裬ħҲʲôС,֪ҶԸǡ
ħ޷ųȷΣգܵõʲô鱨ҲܴʧȪ
ȷ
ħ޽Ҫ˸ʱըȺࡣؼ㻹׼ʲôʱը
пܾħ޵Ĺơ
Ҫ֪Զ£ĿǰΨһҲֻܿǰħޡ
һᣬôӦ˵̸δе̫ơ
ߡ
һ˫ӣȫŪ࣬ȥǱֿβͣٲȻһʮķСŮ
ѾħΪ˻ȥұŻ̸ɱѵʲôô𣿡
Ϊʲô㣿
ǿħ޵Ӳ㿿Ŭõħ˵һսǸ׸ͻϮǰݵ㣬ұƲµ󡭡ħѾңֻԼ취ȥ
ǰץסˣң˵Ķġ
̫Ȼʱ˲ݡ
á
ȲͽΪǼʲôšˡ
Ȫʵе㱻˵ˣ̬ȣûֻܸȥ
ŷĵӼôкӳô˵Ůħ޻Դסģæ𣿡
Ȫļ򣺡Ŀǰûȿŵ㡣С顣
ϡ
ͽΪ֪Ȫڼʲôħ޵ĶԾֲʣҪǱߵĵ鱨϶ܴ֡
ãҸºò˫ֺʮչСʦôȥ𣿡ͽΪæ֪ʦʲôŻҲе㲻ȥˡһؿƿġ
ķǧٿ϶ҲӦˡ
С
ʱͷѾٽʱͽΪûžлƿ
ֻһºͣסˡҲǣòĽҪ𽣣ô׵¡
ǧ˵Լֻ͵վűɣһͺб߶ˡ
ʱľҶ±ɿ壬һڼͷź΢̵βʱ˵ĶطΧͽΪ֮ǰԼŵغߡ
˵˲׼ǧ֪ǰȫǻɫϣ˦˦ǽϵ
㡣ͽΪԼԴǵɡ
ң˵ȥԼȴкûˡȻǧٿ⣬⡣
ʲô£
ղš
ͽΪһһʮ˵ˣʵȪᣬҲʷǧٵ
˾ÿ׵ĸо
øô죿
ȻܷšǧҲʹ𣺡иħķħʧȥħܿͻᱬ൱ǻǣĳ롣ҪǷųû˼ǿɾԤˡ
ǣҸ¡
ʲôЦҸ˵ħ֣й㲻ȵ쿴ķӦ˵
Ϣò࣬ڰָߣҪ𽣣ͽΪȴȻһǰǧ٣
磬ݸ˵м£Ҳͷŵ棬Ҹȥˡ
Ļû˵ǧٶˣ˵ʲô
ȥ޷ȤʣһֲСӡ
˵ͺͽΪǸСӣһ٣ɫ
ֻǾûɾˬԼܲá
ǲãҲˣԭˡ
ʲôԭ£ûֹǸû
˵˵㻰ԼҪǺ⣬Ҳе˵ĳƸо
ǧתҪȥԼ£ץס԰ݵǵǺҵʱ䣬׼ɱġ
ǧüһ֪ͻȻôˣȻͱ§סȥѾˡ
ʵûȫָãǿⶼһˣ˸߰˰ˣڱһϥ̲סͷ˳ǽһ»ϣͽΪϥȼչס
㣬𡭡
һ㲻ֱסۺ޲øϵһȭ
ͽΪ㲻ҪҲ͡
˭㶼ֻһ㶼עҡͽΪסƵ˵ҲǸʮˣڸѽԴף˭˵֮ǰѽ
ǧѵóĬҲûˣļ򣺡˵˵Уȴϡ
˵嶯֮£̧ͷӸ¿㡣
ǧ٣
գۣ˵ʲô
ûһ죬ͽΪ޺ڻ治ܴ˵꣬־ͽ⿪Ӱ۳˳ɼȥѩ׵Ƥ⡣Ҫġ
ͽΪ㡪ӦҧŴڲݺ˾ģ
ûȾơҪ˵ҲǱˡ
Զֱ׵˵һ̸͵ľͷˣϧԷǸĶϣ鷢ĵطȫһģһ㶼⡣
˳һֱǰϧַ˵ȫûУͷһֻǧ΢΢ϢЦԷǵץ·֪һô
ͽΪȻĬҲסˡ
;Ȼһ㱡ļ⣬ָ٩ָ˼£ǧ̲סϸ
ȣȵȡ
û취ֱϴһҪȥ̽⣬ͽΪעȻ̱תơ
Ĵɫֺй󣬴Ҳܺÿȥĸоŵĵط
Ҳᡣɩɩ̽
ôҡ˾䣬ͽΪһϷֵ˼ҲûУĶòУֻܵ϶Ǻࡣ
ֲںͽΪһ˵ʲôֵ̬ȣ㲻ңҾԼ
˵־ҪȹӣҪĻ𣬷ǧǻãá
ͽΪ̧ͷ
ŵҪʮꡣ

ֻм죿ⶼ̲ˣʲô
ãС̲ػ죺Ǽ죬ֻʣˡ˵ֳ˻չʾԼ൱ǡ
ǴŹˡ
ǧٵȻڵҵ㳤󡯵ĳ̶ȡҲԵȵ㡣
ͽΪס΢ĕiüۻ˲ֻ֣ÿɰ
ǧֻΪڰ˻ĺˣƳһԵĽǳˡ


42 
֮, ͽΪûȥ˵ǧٵ涼ûټˡ
Ƕ֮ǰ
Ϊõʯ쵱ǵϰתͷͰѷ˱ˡȪ͵˳ߵʱ, һϵвѾɡ
Ȼŭöȥ, 겻ҪԴߡ
ҪȻҾֻè
ҲŲèèˡʱ޷޸Թ
ͽΪʵû뵽ҲܳԼ, ˭ǱǮ, ڶ·, òͶһȥҪ
е㻳˵Ϊ汳ĲҪֳɵġ
£ľϰ, ѽ
ҿлл㡣
ںˣһ类гûͷǧһȥˡ
ղ·ǰ, ſ, ڴ峿һ裬ʱ˻֡ȥһ̬Ȼ޴ĳ嶯, סˡ
峿Ҫúܣʿ㲻ѲߣֻͶˡ߽֮ǰͽΪΪս½šˮ, ڿеƽͷ
Ͼ, ħ޴ûͻϮ
ǧʯ, ȥʲôˣûô˯ѵʡ
ͽΪ˵ԼлŮһº˽⣬ʣȥˣ
Ҳ˵𣬺Ⱦѽ
ͽΪ, ЦĪϰ֮ǰЩˣ
ƭң
ƭֲԣΪ˻ҲʵֶΡѪôϲңɱҶллˡ
ˣͷǸ¡
㲻֪Լĸĸ˭𣿡
ҡͷӦûҲˡŶΪʲôܿ϶ȻΪʲôû¡Ҫ겻ؼңҲøԼĺʲôɣЩʯûš
Ƶ˵˵ţͷһתֵȻҶлŮʵô˽⣬˵𣿡밮ˣ뱻
һգҵȻǺߡֻҪܱҾ͸ˡ
ӵİ
ͽΪÿ²ۣǰߡ
ģҺϰƥǰٷ֮һ٣
޿ܡ
ϸ룬ǧٵԸпҲǰߡ𱻰밮ˡ
ƥǷǳ
͵ղŷ˸ƨɡ
ϰ˭ͽΪǲ֪ģŶһ·ִϻڸ¥ǰͣס
Ȼ˵Ҳĵط
ϴʱʵûʲôû䣬ͽΪһȥͳŸϧϻʿڹ˼ǧصôˣǲǻתˡȻ͸ˡ
ĵˣأ
ģ¥붨أȥǽɡ
ΪͽΪˣʿǶʱ׷׸漷ݣ¥ʱѾһΧͽΪһſҪǹ˼ϻ˰ϸѾˡ
ˡԺ˼ҸˡĻǸɢӣԱߵʿʦ㣬Զ
ϣϴκͽΪɢĺۼЦůĺʲôýá
ͽΪ̬ҲѲͬ򵥺к
㿪ۡ
һ̹ļ֪ϰ壬罻ֻ˵Щʲôߣǡｫʼĩ˵ˣĩЦһ䣺ҵĴֻҪģʲôС֪ܸܲںӳһأ
֣ϣıʶôʨӴ󿪿ڡǱŲܿҪС׬һʵ̬ġ
ԭӳĶһڡǧڵţȷǸøһӡ
˵ǡ
ɣͽΪҲҪģ˫һΣ͸ǣΣ
ʲô̫ƻʦ㣡
ҲҪҲҪ
ÿңҰ˿鸹
ʿ
ϰ壡סڵվߵͽΪͷĵҪɣ㿴ϰ岻ϲЩҲûʲô顭
̧ͷͽΪҲ䣬ЦЦǾ˰ɣذɡ
죺
ΪʲôôգͽΪȻڣħʱϮǰ˶һÿѲӷȴ·⡣
˻ͻúܣһʱ
ĵãڵľ棬߻ʤ㣿
ͽΪ𴽽ǵΪʲôôƽΪǱǰԶͷǧĴܶ޽ٲȻΪ˶ױչءҿ͸ûħɼܣҪȻͷʲôôʿȥ׷ɱǧ٣
ڶμҡԶˣʣ˸˵ɷС㣬ҲǸָϵķźͶչᱻȳսɣҲ˫ȭѵ֡Ҳ˵׼ϾμҺͷ֣Ҳͷһ̬ء
ʣµţҲӮȻѵħ񡣸οڸûšһ
һ֮õƣǸҪȥͣûڱ̵̵߽ģ֮Ͷ㵽߸Զĵطȥɣħܲп׷ƫƧ֮ء
Ժϻڵ˴һʼûħ޶Կ뷨ţҲֻǡ
ͽΪÿɷ񣺡ҪӾӣҲӡ
û뵽ԼղǷȻħ޶ԵС
ôõʺΪôôء
ô˵ҪߣĽסðɣ㲻˫ݣǱͬ۵ɡˣ͸ǡ
Ҳ˫ʿΪһְ취öʶӴչʾ˴ΪûκĲ
Ագգ͹ۿ
аɡͽΪȥ
۵ʱϾǰһ㲻ڳǰʹ˸񣬴ʲô֪űŵ˼
ͽΪͷϷ
ϧˣǷǧԺҵڶôõˡĻ߶߶
ñ˶Լ뷨ֻǿΪҲһҪ۵͸ϽҺæ
ûħޣʲô£
ŻȥС˲У
ʶʾĸϽʶʱʶ롣
ۣʶľ֮ʱűҪ죬Ҫȥӷǧ٣Ǿ͵ץ
ǰ˫ʿͷʶѧϰĽ׶ΣܴܲӶԷһЩľʽȫʿ츳ˡ
ϻڵʽ
ܲµЩʲôģһһˡ
ҿʼɡĵʶģ״ĵɫ飬ƮƮͽΪʶϣǻƳ
ͽΪһģĳ״ǰ
ʲô
֮ŮӿԺŮ˫޵һֹ
ͽΪζЦݰ붮ʶѾԶǾɣʼ΢΢̣ûУǸˣҵġ
áͻȻջʶվһһʶʧ۵Ǳϣڵľ֮ûʧ
ͽΪü䣬ǰֻѧϰôأϻķѶֽôʹƳɣ
ͽΪ㲻еؽ̰ɣ
ǲȻء㲻ϲ𣿽㳤ò
ֻΪԼΪ˵õ顣̬ӽǧٵ˹ƻ٣ͽΪͺܲˬ
ڷ뿪ҿԿǶ㡣
ĿЦҵľ֮ܶҸʲô
ȷʵͽΪ˵Ǿ仰ԣʲôʹҲ˵
ֻѾ⣺ҿóƺͷǧʲô飬ǺĽɣǰս˵㣺õı̫òһǧüͷҪһ壬뿴ѡôϲ
ͽΪƨ¡
ͦסǧѳɷˣһô˭չ¶ĵԸϲֻҪˡһ˵̬˽ƵĿǣҲ޷ȻϲӦúѧѧƳ
ͽΪĬһ룬뵽ǧٱһͨʱЦ֪һô𣿡
Ȼ϶û⣬Цݷǳ٩ܾñݺݿᣬ˵ڶ̶Ѿ˸ǺҪƽʱ϶һھܾڡ
ͲܿͷʼϸкǿĽ̸͸ģϺü
ʼɣǧǲû˵ԼϿһȺ塣
ͷ࣬ͷѧ᣿ĵҪʲôӦɲΪ˸㴫ھġ
˵žͶק·һ˸һͽΪͼƾճһ
գգۡ
ʲôأҶˣץʱ䡣ʯүӱѣͨʶ̸
ͽΪعŶĻק·ֻǰһһϮٶ̫죬ȣŻչ˸̿ݡ۾ô
Ҹҷĸ۵ȻкֵġͽΪվȼգǰһףؾŤת
ѾûԹֱڷǧһҲڡҪھ֮˻ȥʶ롣
㡭ʲô˿ĭˣɫԳһ˿ѡ
ͽΪȴ˵𣬽̽ҡ
ģ
㡭ֻͷˣѧû𣿡
ȻŶǺŮˣǺˡҪ֡
ģ
ͦ


43 
Ӿ֮, ɼžˡ
ͽΪۺѵóĬɫѾӷ𣿡
š
˵ˡ
һûȫı, ЦС᣺ȥͷŰ, ȥ㡣תʱһ䣺Ҫǵҵĺ, 챻, ҽң㡣
Ҳ֪ûųȥ
ͷ첼ϼȸɹ, Ȼֻǰ
˼ǲŹȥ죿ΪԼӦõ˺һġ
ϻǰֵ, ͽΪȥǺϻڵʿ˵ԭǶμʿǿ϶ΪɣҪҪ˫ޣ
ҲҪҲҪ
ѿңΪߡ
жҶ˵, ˵ʲôͽΪ⡭
ڲڣҪҵ۾˲֪һɫƫϸ߿𵲵Ҷ˫ûȤ
ô˵, ٿǿǡ
ʿüҪǵ, ۵һ䣬ֽ̧ʿӿģʿɳü֮, мֱӻʡ
, ʿƤЦ, Ҳ磿
Ҳ˼û·, ⷴӦҲ̫󡭡
졣ûȤ͵ɻ˻һͽΪģг, ǺϻҲ޷
ʿ˱ͣɫѿ֮ǰͽΪǰ£
һһ뻹һѾ˳ģˡ
죿
Դӽ˺ϻڣûȪˡ˻ѡƳһۣڿ·һʯͷҪٲѾɱˡ
ϻɱ˷ʿʮһëûﻹ治һùһۣԹ˵ߡ
ʲô£
֮ǰԼõǼ£ʱҲˡ
ʵǵһİҲѾȥ߰졣߰һ弫˶ԣʵ̡̫
˵ʲôЦѾòǱҲòϾҲûôУһֱȥôѾ̶ֳˣ
аǾ졣ͽΪ
áʱҵǡƺڱصã̧һȥˡ
֮ĳһˣʿǷ׷׸״˵μʿ۸ҡͷ˵ô죬μҿɲǺϻǵģҲ֮ͽΪܲˬȴŶμʿͷε¡
Ҳõˣ߰ɡϰĵ˺þðҶȥ˯һˡ
ܲ˵ΪںѧƳ֮տڲ
ʯܺãôҲûʧȥ󣬿óϳ˻ǧʯǵϰ׬ˡȪȻôõĶ
ⲻӳĶȴЦЦʵҵġ

Բϰ壬ղƭˡ˵ҵʲôû£ǼٵġҵΨһĶ
ͽΪоƭ˵ıҪԣ㻹Ҷȥˣ
Ǵ㵱֮ȥ͵ѽ˭֪ô죬תͷˡ

ⶫʵҵ֤ҵⶫҽԼ̳λõ
ͽΪŶҲƭ˵ǰɣ
ʲôⶼƭ㡣·µβͺʵҲ֪ⶫʲôһ죬ǵӲʵǱĸˣҲ
ˣ
ͷȻ˻Ժҿܻǻ˰ɡ
ͽΪĬе񡣡
˵䣬Ѿǰûȶʣӻֺ
ϦµٶǺܿ죬̫Ѿȫɽ󡣽ϵ˺٣ֱǼ䵽ڻŵƵ
ſпطǰǧٲµģԼ˿Խ
΢΢ţûʵͷ߻谵кһЩǰ̨ϡƽܳ
һ٣뵽Լںϻڵ죬ʲô͵ƿţǧ١
۵һڵϵĽ˪ɢŵĹȻǷǸ޴ˣ˺۰߰ߣǳɫӡϱߡͽΪ֮ǰʱϻɾúܡ
̶ʱ䡭
̧ߣѩ׵ӰпӰĴƺҪͼžĿΪһ塣
ǧͷǻͣкˮʪѣͽΪϥϵָֻ֣ⷢǽַף綼͸ƣߣڵڼҲ֪˶ٲƤ
ϣвСʧֱ˵ĺۼ

Ĵţ̫Сû壬ߵ²˵
ѾˡͽΪü㲻춼ɣ
Ҫ͸֧£ûڣ˭ֲˡ
㶼ûȥ˯ǿɲǴ˵磬Ҫǳʲô¡
ͽΪôңǧٺȻ³һ䡣
ͽΪһ㶡
Ƕȿı飬ڷӰסˣֻܿŲϸl򢡣
ʵ˵⻰һǧپͺˣûôȫһţԼܳġԵȡֵĺӣ˰ɡȻǾͲˣȥˡ
˵µذҪֱΡΡ˼ξȻûɹ
ǲ׼޶Ⱦͳѵĺ
࣬ô죬ͻȻչ۱סһ͵ǽϣײüǶʹ룬϶ˡ
ͽΪô
첻Ϊ¡ͽΪôϲ㣬ô᲻㡣
ſһϲѷǧҭûƳԶǽǣĺ󱳣֪ˣɡ˿ɲΪ
Ǹղ˭
ͽΪûҽӦˣԵʱ䶨硣Բ԰ҪǲӦ϶˵Ļ̲ˡ
νǧٵ첻ӦҲӦܹϲ˼졣һ٣ô죬Ѿ뵽취ָƻԶء˵ҲЦ߷˵塭
ԵġͽΪϣ죬ֻһǾǷȥǧٲŲ䡣
ƶڰο
˽˵ǧٲǷѪŤתľ籾Ͳڡѵûǧƾһ߷֮Զƽ֮ϣⱾһŤתҪ漣漣
ǧپǿġ
޻ɡ
ͽΪЩⲻ֪Ƿڷǧٶȴ̲סЦ
ɲб곤˶ġԴ
ͽΪһ˼̧ͷ˵Ҳ϶ԡ
ǣǡ
ûġ
ʰһʰϵ˪ͽΪͷѾ׺ǧٱߴ۱ߵŶ˵ʱһǲǾʮˣ
ͽΪ硣Ͼʱһؾ͹ȥˡ
š֪ǧͻȻô˵ʲô˼Ĭصͷ
Цǻȥԡɡ
˵겻شǰߣͽΪ΢֪ʲô˼׷ȥ
˭û˵ǻطĻڷǧٺķ䡣Ҳûƽʱһ䡰ûԼȱ裬ʣвҶ㿪Žԡҡ
ͽΪǽأһͷˮŲ۴ӣûаȲ˼
֮ǰھ֮ôš
Ҫ
Ƕĥ˰죬һ飬ռס֪ʶƺҪΪɾ
ιԭľƿᵽ趹ˮζǧֻ£ǰ¶һѩ׵ǣͷ΢ʪŰɢڼͷز
һͽΪ߶ϣûôȺ˰ƬΨ˫۾ﷺҰްԸ
ôȲ裿ߵǰ
ʡ
ݡĲѲ۵ˮڼͽΪһֱţַǧһֱǶڶϵöɫ۲ˡ
ֻƽʱԡ˯ȻҪȡ
ΪʲôҪǸǰʼеϲĳֵxp
ŻŮ˵ĸо
Ȼֻԭ򡣵ȷʵбƭ
ˣһͽΪѹͲոȲ飬üͷһڣںʲôҪĶ
ǧٿֻЦ⼸ûڣ㡣Ҫʲô
ͽΪҪֶ
Ҫ㡣
˵̹Ȼӣ֪ôдǧٻ˵ʲôͽΪѾ棬չȥǧ򴽵סԼ죺ȥϡ
Ǹˡ
ͽΪһǧޱڿʲôƶٶ˭֪һ᲻˵ˡɨ˻ϾƻûȫܰͽΪת
ɴһץסڴסǧûƶֻܳס
ǧ٣࣬ԵúܣвУ
һ٣Ӧ¡桱˼Ӧʱ΢΢۾Ц𣿡
ֱ˵ûҪͽΪϸһüҵѧˡ
ǧʵôţˣӵˮе̫ˡͷ
ӦˣͽΪ˫΢𣿡
µʲôɲԣǣֱС̸˵ס
㷭ſźòã
ǧȻûܶŶ壬ĲĶ֪һЩҲû˵ʲô˵ˡ
ȻأüЦʡ
˵롣ͽΪ䣬߻˾һذ⿪¡
·ûˣҰһƬ׵ļʱе㷢ȡ
Ӻ濴ǧٵļ米ƯţģعǼӣ覴ãһƤµĹ顣һ㣬ĺ⡣
ֱֻȸϴ䣬һͼһ㼦Ƥᣬûղôݣ㡭
ҲôͽΪ죬ʼڻĦʲô
ǧвõԤУûͷӱҺ崥Ƥָ߬죬΢ͽΪ𡭡
ʲôͣ
㡪
ͲȰȣ
˵һͻ᲻ܿص©ֱʧͷͽΪΪԼˣ˭֪ҧȻáͷβų⣬˵òУͽΪͣסЦҪ㣬ؼӡ
ǧⱲӸɹݵ£žڴϽ̱ԼС˰ĺӸ¡
װνҲڸǲ˶ԽԽʵ
ô죿ͽΪʶ˻ƳǧٿƾոڰյС
Ǻϻڵ˵
С˵½ȥϻˣ죿۾Ц˵ҵͽΪԾ˵©þգֻǸȥҪǸɱȥˡ
Īִŵ飬ǧ֪Ը񣬵Ҳûɣ̲סЦ֪ԼʲôûЦӷǳ۸**ͽΪȻҲֳŶ˶΢΢һ͡
ͽΪȻʼԲߣʵһٱһ̺ͻȻˣʦͨ
Է𻰡
ǧ٣˵
˵˵ʲôŵ㡭
еѧô죬ܵĸоûˣȡ죬ؽ߬÷ףֶ²ѻ۽һ
ϧû˯ͣʧȥܿеסȥıǲȥˡ϶Ҫͣ
̸ճǰδе飬µ˻Фˣôܻͣ
Ƕȣܿǧٰʪĺڷ͸ˮ̿ڼϣĵѩ׵ƤףĳְĴȻʱ˿̣ˮ̳һۺ죬ȸҲûֻ˳Ķ¶ʧ̬òƽʱķǧ١
ͽΪÿɰȥĺ󾱣˭֪ǧٷӦѹŵʼѹסŴŲʹ˻ļ̌סԼĺ󾱣ˮĕiͽΪòá
ϰԴλƵĿǣ˿̵̬޹ԣĳϵ
ͽΪԵһ룬һ룬סקֺݺһΣǿҧġ
ֿʱȻһӡĳָµıǡͽΪܺã͵ҵɡ
ûӦٵűҰģص
ûűֶ£㡣
£ûˡǧٵɤƽʱɳɳķŵ͵ģڹҲֻ֪ԭ̧ʱôˡ


44 
˵ľòꡣ
ҹɫ΢ʱ, ǧû˸տʼ࣬ʶĶ࣬ٻ, ֲῴɫӱߵҲֻԡЩɳ, ͽΪȴһףǧ٣ÿɰ
㡭ôҡ
Խô˵ԽǸˡƽʱֻ̧ͷںŶⱻ޲ߣҲû, ʲô
֮ǰǸˡۿͻȻһҪȥͽΪץס˵ֱ, Դʲô䰮Ķ, ϸϸľࣺ, ǧ٣ҵˡ
ꣿʶɣһ˵ʲô
š
», ƣҪץסļ˿˵㣺ʮʱ͡
šͽΪҵһμʱϲˡ
Ȼ, üһ𣬷β൱ӡ
ʱɩɩ
ţҸ翴ܲϲ, ҾԼҲûᡣ
˭֪СС;ѾĥЩˡ˵ʱû, ʵҲûʲôᡣܺͷǧٵزͽΪԼ̫š
ҲɩɩҲŮˡ
ҲϲҲ˵ˡ
ŷĴޱ飬֪ʲôͽΪΪȻҵˡ
ϺǿӲ, ʵûסǧ֪ʮͿʼ᲻ͻȻһֱӷ´ô죿
ǵ˼Ҫжԣǧϥǻ۾ҪְοСϷʵٳʮ˵⻰ɡ
ͽΪ˵ʲôѾ۵òУ˽һʱȶҪû֪һζǲ֪ڼʱǰɣ
Թģֲ˯
㲻ԡ
šҪ
ȥˮȡ컹ҪͷԣȻû˵Ҳù˼ŷǧٵ塣
Ͱˮǧٻڲ֮ǰϴˡһߡͽΪȥһأ˵Լ֧ͷС᲻Ǽ£ǧҲԼ״ȥˡ
ˮʱͽΪŷȵϥǶˣ۵ְ࣬۾͵͵ţ˼
иڴߵĹˣһȥ
ͽΪȥ
ղ뿪ҵʱ򲻾Σ½ȥŷִһͿһʩչ޸ԭһҵ˷ǧ˵Ĺӡ
Ϊ˵ָ·趹һĶȴֻһССĺľϻӡ
ǺܾµݵĲʣ̻Ƹӣ·򵽵ĶһͲˡ
һ룬ΪȷǲǷǧҪģϻӿۡ
ͷκĶ
һöɫĶۡ
ͽΪ͵ܶΣһ۾ϳǧƽʱǸͬ΢Ĳͬ
ǧ٣ҪŽȥɵذϻӳ˻Ρ
ۣ˺û٩ŰɡԺҲǴˡ
ͽΪһ٣㷴Ӧ
ղŻҪʲô
ʲôʱ׼ģ
û죬ȥ¯
ǷǧԼġǰһʤ޵ȤСΣ鵤֮Ҳ㡣
֮Ͼ޽УֻһժԱߣһͽΪġ
һʱԣĬöۡ
ǧٵȻʲôƷƷʲÿ󶼲ɳźöҰҶˣԡʲôϧţ
⻰δ̫ʲô˵㣬ĿڵӦǹϲĿҪûеĻʹţϲҲٸ㲹ڶˡ
ϲͽΪͷûʲôνȴͻȻסľͰߣӽӽҶûô졣
ôףžС
ͽΪ̴ú죬һ仰Ҫ˵ҪҴסǱܵĿǸҭûˡ
ǧٺ޲ϴò࣬ŪɾĶŪɾزҪ˯ˡ
ͽΪǰϲɷ˵ģɴƤûӣƵ죬㲻ᱻܵĶ԰ɡ
ɡ
ĮȻš
ͽΪ϶ˡ
峿
˸磬ܺã÷ǧٶϢûȥ
ڵʿڲ׼ȥѲ߷󣬼ˣȪü˵ǸнŮħ޻ǰֶû˵ħˣʱбķա
Ҫˣǵ鱨ͶˣҪǰųɣ
ͽΪǧ֮ǰ˵Ļ˵Ŀ϶Ȼ̵ڣħ޶ûƵޡ
Ͷǲǻ
Ȫסජ㣬Ϊ˲жһ䣺ʦ
ģȪȻȥǡͽΪʵһֱʣʦĳɷĲǷѪϴΪʲôǸӡ
²˵ϡ
ҲǡԲҿǷˡҪҲ׿ʦŶԣǲǲԸǣ
ǲԸġ
ǧٴʰ𽣣ʼǾ֤߳ݡҲֻһһܲȶŻû̹ͬĵز
˵ȪѾ˼˵˼䱧ǸæԼȥˡ
ݸʱ٣ͽΪݾġ
֮ǰʮڵƳɵĵҩÿڷȥҷǧٴιҩǺˡÿʱͽΪ뵽˭Сӡ
Ȳ̸֮ڽ𵤵˵ӦơģҰݸʡ
ûʲôĻڵӦްˡп쾵ڣ˭Ҳܱ֤֮û⡣
ڷҵ쾵вǧĶ
ͽΪлתլۡǧѾˣ׵۴ֱͦ߹ڵϲ˪ʹβ䵭ȻζĻóڴϵʧ̬
ôˣͽΪʣﻹ𣿡
ЦŽô˯ţһ٣ɫ΢Ȼֻǲ²⣬⣬쾵ڷ
ôܿ϶
Ѳ¡ұȻɱңԷһһ֣ҪʱҲԻҵڵǶʧȥĲٸҺˡ
ǻûĸǺءͽΪվֱɱ˷ѿ쾵ˡҾͲˡ
ô򵥾ͺˡǧٽźâĽУʱˣ߰ɡ


ӳʱ͵죬򿪣һ˵ޡɱ˷ǧͻڱ߽ضۡ
ҿԵģæҲʧһȷǧٸǿ
ǾͰĽժҿ
ԣҶ硣˿ץҪһ
ʱƿһ㶣ʶѾ磬̧ͷȴԼζ뿴ĳ档
ǧٴۣŽףŹһһ̧ͷʱ񣬾ͺǸ˳޵ţͺ޵ġ㡱
㣬һʱʧ˻վ֪˷ܻǱģĿϷִ粻룺ѽˣ
̫ˡ
ʰ˽
Լĵõɱǧ١Ļᡣһ죬̫ˡ
ǽڱ߽ҪΧһڿ˺üӣͨ磬߳㣬һؿǧѩϸݵľм޵ĺӡ
סֱֱǵط
ιҪڳϲ½ǰһͽΪǧ˵˼ߵ
Żع񣺡㲻ң
ȷʵ㡣
Ҳ㡣˭֪Ҳ᲻ᷴɱңҲòȽ
ͽΪʵԸ⡣
ԷǧٶԽİѿس̶ȣֽɫûǰʤ㡣б;ܵһ֡
Ը⣿˵ˣЦץסԭû͵Ϯң
Ҫ粵ǧƳۡǡԸü治ɫ˼
ðɡ
ͽΪһȽȥ
ЧֻԽеʿЧʱһ죬ΪʹáǱȽеĻʱ㹻ˡ
ЧЧͽΪ˵ߣγָǧ٣㣬һûʹġ
ǧ٣ƾ𣿡
⻰ƺŭִŽͳϮȥƺһоͶʤ
ѵһ
˪ĹƣûӦһ룬ǽԼϴⲻɾʶ㣬ڵԼ൱Ǹˣʹдûļͷ̳أóȻ
۵׻ԳڲסĲʹ㵡
ô᣿
ʧȥΪķǧ٣Ȼ˵Լ
ֱֻ۱ֱȣ˪ڰ˿ЦЦĽлǺܲ
죡

ĻѾ̫ˡ
ôŬȲǧ١ѾӰ»˶ʮˡ
Խ죬ҪӮ㡣
ٴγǧὣסĦбŷ̵Ļ𻨣ֱ۲þ
ǧȻɫҲСͽΪ֪˵ɻ̫ءп·硣ʤĹؼһжʤǧٲ֪ܲһ㡣
Σ֡
Ҫߵ·
ǧ٣
˻תۼʮءȻûٱˣôҲôҲͻƲ˷ǧٵķء
Խƿ̶֪ȣϡǰѽԡ֣һһһһȻҶıߡķʽϮϤš
ȻԼһֻèצӵΪʲôΪʲôǵǧٵĽ

һˣֶ˷ܵҧгݣǧپӸµĿӡ
ôͲˣ
Ҫɱ㣡
н֣ͽΪںȴü
ΪʲôǧٲֱӸһ
ղŷļѾ¶ɱĻŶԡ
Ѿӵļҽ棬ǧռϷ磬һʱȥˣܶʱֻض޷ٵΪѾûʲôͽΪó
ǧ٣ǵǰֽ̽ȴ˵Һʣ羡֪ʱʲôô㣬϶֪ĸоɣ
ôŬ㶼ԶԶȲЩѪˣ
ҲġҲİ
Ȧ죬һϸǰһƽǧٵĽѹòףҵȵ˿ӮʱȴңҵͬࣿûзѪǸƽӹķˡ
ΪʲôôҾûӮһΣΪʲôΪʵҸŬ𣿲ҲšҲţ
Ťʹߺޣӵ֯һ𣬳ʽ񣬲ǵĽһҪصĺ
Ȼĳ˲ץס˷ǧٵȥޱߵһڷֱľ
ɹˣ
ǣһ룬˼鷢
ǧûж㿪׵Ƥƣ۵ѪɽﻹûüǣĽȻת⣬һϢɲǼ䣬ĺ󾱡Ӻ﷢ĲҽУڵ³һѪ౻һߣڵϣǧɲӻѪָţˡ
Կհףһƺʶʲô
⡭ѵͷǧ֮Ĳ
ǣȴе㡭ŵૡ
ԡˡҾջ֮ǰǾ仰ɣĽв̫ˡ
˵ЩΪһм𣿣
潥ѪȾ죬ɫϣһ
㲱ǸǱŮŪİɣ
ǧһ٣û𻰡
Ҿ֪Ц˿ɴķǧ٣Ҳɱ˵ˣļ֣ϣû𣿡
ɣǧ٣ˣɱҡ
һ߬ס
ɱôҲ֤ʲôŹġǸ㽵ķǧҲѾˣʲôû˻ػţ
ߺ޵غ޵ȴʲôѿ˵㽫Ľ͵һ
ͽΪǰ鿴ʱѾûбϢǱݺݴ̴沿ңѪģͷûĹһΡÿɺֿˡ
ǧޱ飺쾵Ӧϡ
˵ŽɴѪһأЩϣûͽΪ쾵
š˰ɣһҵ׷ֻҾˡ
νͽΪһɱһ
з顣̧ͷǧٲ԰׵϶Ѫֿ۵ҲûĿķΪʲôҪϵɱ
㿴ˣûʲôֻ룬ǰʢȷʵ˲ٹֵ¡Ҳ޷
ͽΪû˵Ҳ֪ͷǰ£᲻ش𡣱ϾȥΨһ˽⣬Ǵӷ￴ġǧٴû
ղţ˵ЩϼʲôģͽΪþڷƨûһ̬ȿ
Ǹȴݸ˦˦ϵѪУҲҡ
ͽΪ
ǲ롣ǿ˾
ǧٵûղþ֪һѣԱߵ̹֡붮첲Լһվס𣿡
ǿɡ
Ȼȥһٰʬ崦¡
ǧټԼƮƮͰĵܵɱʲôû˵Ƥִȥ
ʵ¡ͽΪǰȻ
ʲô
˵УǡҵĻƳʲôʱãҺòײŸϻڵѧġ
һ㶣ЦԷǣҪ˵
ʮʮ˸ֻµˣͽΪʮˣճ飬俴𽣵ӣһʱЩܡһܵĽӻɫϡ
ҵŬѧϰҲܰ׷ѡԴǣҸ¡
ǧܸйˡ
Ƕô󡭡͵
ʲô
ûʲô롣
ͽΪ¶ǵؿ鲻Ըı̺סԼӰѪˡ
еֽĶ϶ǹָ׶ġ
ĬβһƳðɡ
Ťͷʲô
˵ҿԿǿǡûģһͱסʹеЦص˼õûô֮󡣡
ͽΪ
ͦˬҶȥ
졣


45 
ͽΪ֮۷ʬ, ¯һֱͣʯүӣˡ
ʲôˣ
ǲǵǰ˵, ֱηαװ֮
ˡǰʹʯүӣûа취÷ǧٱɱ˵ģ޿ʱ˵
۲Ҫһ˵Ļǣ
԰ָָϵķġڡȥһ˲䡣
ͽΪһ, üͷٿšô£
ΪԼ˼£û뵽Ů޷ŭ, ޹ôˣҶҪøмֵ
αװ֮ڶе֮һΪǰСŮ޵æ
֪֪ǧɱģͽΪ
Ϊ⣺ô˵
Ҳֻǲ²⡣
ǲͽˣ˺ܶµ֣˵ʵʲôûأǧʿɱֻ±֮ǰԹķ, 㻹ģ
㵹һܶĿǡ
ȷʵ㶮һɡүЦٽҲ˽һ˵ġô¡
ͽΪٴ𻰡
˷ʬ壬˳ڵ, ӳŷ, ȴϱȪԼʿ
, ǸнŮħ޲ˡ
·ͻȻ, ˶˸ֲ
֮ǰŷʿڵ, 屻ħᴩ˺ѣΣűƻ, ͷһˡ
ģмˡ
Ȫðֱ߾յڵء
ͲͶǵģ
ҲֻǱƵû˲ӳȥأ
˵
ƵûøϽйֱɱ˵ģ
˵䣬ڵ֮ǰҳ
԰, ҪҴܣҪ𣿡
ʿһţȪ򶨣Χ
ŷû϶Ҫһ飬ҪҲҪ
ӦɢȥͽΪǰȪղſźܵһ߾ƹץסִչãô찡ãҸˣ
侲㡣
侲ģҪǳҾŵǧŴˣһġɫȥˣʦأʦô˵ȥ¸ʦ϶֪ô죡
ͽΪղŲȥ˵Ҫ˯ڻšľ󣬲úϢڵֻ⡣ҪǣͽΪ¶ǧˡ
ʮˣ˵Ǹˡ
ϵ¶ҪͰȥǰʲô
ã𻰣Ȫ
ֽҵС
ǵȻԡ
û˵꣬ͽΪѾתŶȥ
ҪֲӣЩطһ˾ܽȥģҪȫһֻʵ췽ҹ̷
׻ȥ򡣡ͽΪڵʿ˵ýȥĵطȥҡ
Щʿʵûʲô飬ҪŸýӽһĿǣ⻳ɣ㣿Щʿɶ룬Ǻϻڵģʲô취Ѳӳǻ
ᡣҲ͡
бʿһѣΪ񲻵͡Ҫİɡ
ǰҲûİ취
Ǻðɡʿһ񣺡еˡ
ʿϢ֪ħϵζܺñڻ᲻Ůħȫ̶ڲϢ
ƺǱƵû취Խɱ·ġ
һ磬ţϻڣμңͽΪһˡ
ȥöμʱܻ¶棬Լȥʱʿñ¶ݡͽΪˡ
μҵʿǸһһ˽Ǿסˣ׷״㵵󡭡С㣿
һȺ˶ʱΧ
С㣬㾹Ȼ߽ˡ
ʲôأΣյģ
үѾ䣬ˣ˻ô롭
±ͱɡͽΪȴץһȥҲȥ

ܾôС㣬ǰе㲻̫һ
ǡǴСΪ£
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źǣμңϻڵȵŶһҡͷ˵֪ħ޷·˼һ
һ뿪μʱܻƣЦǺǵذοħ޵ǹƥܻģʱ
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СǰǧٹýָŵʱҿɽŵÿˡͽΪȻС㣬ܾˡ
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ͽΪڶ˲֣ȻҲôã
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˲ܰڸϢʿųΪʲôҪ
кܶɣȥҲûáЦпǱƻпΪ˱ĺôֻҪܳеҲû˻𡣡

ܺɡ
֪ģͻȻʯүӵĻ
οҲ˽һ˵ġô֪룿
ֻħ޹ƻ󡭡Ҳ𣿡ʡ
ǧٵŵĹء
ǰܺͷʿ幬ʯʱûԱһ飬ԼǣǧҲҲѾɱˡ
վúϢȥҡ
ʿһ飬ͽΪûҹûʲôˣ̶̯šͳʶ֪
ղűͷǧһ·ĻǱɵ£žʧȥʱ
ţҰǰðһ⣬һȻţߵǰ׳˶ͣûкǡʦֵá
ɽϲͽΪǵˣֵ»û͵Ľߣ㲻˵㲻
ſʼѧġ죬ЩʦЦңֻϲŸ
ɽϲ˻ǽħ޿ɳ֮ҪʿΪͽû֪ЩǶԶԸġ
ɽϲԭ򶼲֪Ը£ͽΪͽ
ԡʲô𣿡
˵ηηؿҲǳ걻裬ôһϰԵѹͣҪͱ谵ĻΪһ塣
ͽΪһ᣺û¡ˡ
ߺƬ̣ɽϲ
¡ĴֲƤϾ˵ĺۼħɱʱĽˣʱͳͳӡϣνĿġ
ҲΪ¹͵սʿЩȴôԴ㡣
¯ڵӰһͻȻŮ˵ӯתöڶȴһɹƻĵ
ֻǲ֪ѡ֪ǶʦֵķԸɽϲ
ŮһЦӰ߳
ϸֱۻĲŴϣһݣȴûڵʱǸ޹顣
ħʿֻҪħħά۱ϵ컯
ħϸβҲɽϲϣظЩ͹˰̡
𡢱ҡ类ʲô̵˦ûʲôصѾӦųҪ⣬Ҫ߾Ϳߡǻû㣬Ȼˣץͱɡ
أ㲻һ𣿡ħ˻ЩʿõġȻҲǡһҲԸ㡣ֻᱻûȻȥ
졣۾ȰѶʦֻ˵ɡҶ֪ʦʵĺӵص׶԰ɣǵĹˡ
º͵£һССħô֪ЦԸߣҿԶ
ģɽϲ»عͷëе۾ӳħϵЦݡ
ġ

ҹʱ֣ͽΪӦѣɫȥ
֮ǰΪԷһɽϲעʱ¯ǰ˱ֻҪӦħͻᴫӦ
ƿţڷ侲ĵģûŷǧ٣첽š
ֻû뵽һ·ϻûӦԵֶΣ¯ʱѾΧһȦڵʿкЩʦ
ɽϲȻ㣡Ժҵһ;϶⡣
ħ޽
ǵţ㲻ж£ȻҲħޣǷ𣿡
ͽΪ߹ȥһӼ㱨ѣáǰ;ɽϲ˸ۣôţһϣȻ¶š
ǶѾӷ￴Ůħ¯ˣ
ͽ
ɽϲ¯˱Ƶ¯ԣƮüӹƤϵЩǰͱûգֻһ촸߬Ҳ۵
ͽΪŲħޣǰվһı鿴Żһ˲ܿٴαýӲҲѽ轻ǡ
ŮħСƺɪɪ
ħޡ
֪ͻȻħ޶ᰲοңħ޶ҡǶҺã
һʿǳĬֻøŭӵĿ⿴ͺ˵ȻǸͽ
ƺ̼ɽϲĬԡС˳ǺһŶ촸ҡҪȥҶʦ֣Ҫߣ
ûƭ㣿ͽΪ
ƭҲνҼ˵Һᣬ˵Һʿһ˵رģֻ˵ֻǣҵͷұƵֵֻط˵ҵûѪޱˣҪЦǸͽ
ʦֺһҲᣬƽӹ棬ҲҸߡ
ѾܹˣҪһȥĺӵصס˭Ҳҡ
ӵ촸һԱߵ߹ޣһذס
ʰͰڳƣ˫Ǻ죬Ŀһ̬
ڵʿҲ׷װνðɽϲ˵ǶǸʲôǱ͵ֶ
ûŮģҲҲᱳǡ
ৣһ죬ͽΪȻ齣סˡǽâȻǶɽϲġ
һ㶵ɽϲͽڲħ޵Ϣ
֪ͽΪɽϲһ˫۾յûɬ֪ʲôͽ𡣡
˵ʲôԭҪʤˣɽϲ
Ҹ̸̸ͽΪϣƫƫҪƺȪΣǲŲô࣬һʰˡʿǶһۣ鲻Ը˽
̸̸ɡͽΪҲѽˣҲҪȥҶԶǿһ𡣵㲻ܸǸħߡ
㡭ɽϲ͸ԣʲô֤ҷǲɱңѾˡ
ȥħ޵ĵ̣Ҳù
ΣȼǿʦΪʲôȥĺӵصף񻹲ŻǲͿ͸ŲӮ⸱޿ɾҩӣʦֶˣ
˵ʲô
ġͽΪסˣƽ˵ͺκ˶Ҫ˽ԶƵġ
ɽϲ̲סЦΪһǶ
ʲôˣ
ʱһžʮֲҹнԵô͸ǿͽΪһͷͿǧվ
ôˣͽΪ
ȺõԽɽϲǰͣ½Ų
Ȼɽϲһ۾ϳ˷ǧ١
ź˾伫Сġʦ㡱ذЩҪء
ɷǧ˪ȴһɲǼʣĽէֻƿû˷ӦͽΪ
ѵ
ײ
ִŽɽϲǰһǶôҵȴԾʣЩŵʣ㡭Ҫɱɽϲ𣿡
ǧ治ɫ˪зѩĹ⣬Ǿ䣺ŵĹء
֪Ǽ²ĴͽΪҲ֪ԼôˣҲɽϲżеԼҲΪֿЦģɲǾɽϲﲻ
һú˵ģ㲻ܡ
ͽΪԲ˵档
ԶʱѾʹԸԸеʱɽϲشģԸ⡯Ǵ˵磬˶ҪΪԼиۡ
˵ҲǶԵûǶǴˣͽΪҧɴ˾һҲѾ˵ˣѵ𣿡
˵ǲأ
Ըһֱӡ
ǧٲ𻰡
ƯǳɫֻעǿֲԸģ
ͽΪҺܲ𣿡ȻЦЦƺǰĳһ죬ҲʹͬĻ
һΣĬرܿߣ˵Ӱת˲ʧڡ
ͷʿγѣϽͽΪˣҲͽȥ֪ͨӳ
ûٹܷǧİΪʲôͻȻ֣һʱޱȡ
ͷƳԼս֣΢΢ʹΪͽΪղڷʱþȫ
ڶһˡ
Сӡ֪ʲô


46 
ɽϲһѾ͵, ߽ؽͽΪý佫ֽˡ
㡪
ָסǰĹף𷴿ҶΪС, 㲻ỹ˵ʲôɡ
סۿߵĽ裬Ȼ¼
Ǹʦֵãʵñ۵ġȥĺӵص׻ҶѾںˡ
ȥҲȥ, ǧҪɱ㡣
ǷʦĻɱͱɱɡѾ֪ǻˡ
ôһ˴˿ȴһ, ڱš
ֻһܲܡŹ裿ǵһôˡ
ͽΪޱ飺Ҿȵ㣬ħޡҲ֪˵ЩǼٵİɡ
ܱЩ֮ʺá̧ͷ, ͽΪһַƵصͷ
϶ûζɡڶμңܾ׷ͳ谮һ, ɬԲҲô˵ⲻĴ
ͽΪĬô, ٹһһȺʿҪˡ
ʵûͷǧֵֵزղŵҲ, ҪɱɽϲҲ飬˵䰮ĻܴǧٲŲᱻ鶯ҡ
ǣôɽϲţ
ԱߵħһֱԼ, лҪ˵
н費޷ЦԭǶԶѽԶȻˣҪһȥĺӵصװɣ
Ҹ绹ţ
, Ҳ˵ϾҲ̷ˣ㰢ֿ϶Ƕգգëջһģ㲻ڷôֵһ׷ʿ𣿲Ǻɡ
˱߽صʿ, ħ˵徴Ϊ󹦳ӭȥĺӵصסħ˻鵤ҩⲻίίһСС߽úãʿǲʶҿʶġ
ͽΪ͵ƾֻܱҰŵ壿
ҵͨħСΪҵ֮زϰˡ
Ķһ߽أ϶ʲôưɣ
ҾͲ˵ˣֲҵİ֡ħ޺һɲŵľǸ׸ľأȴ·һоƿأϸβҪͽΪֱžػӿ
Ӵˡһ㲻۵ӣСÿףҾϲġôҪҪ֣Ҫ᲻õҲԴϣһҲں
˸ۡ
ҪǴӦô죿ͽΪ޶ãȺʿɲһ˾ʤġ
ֻҪҲǵķ󣬱ĽҾС
ҲԼɱʲôͽΪг񣬲װǻƣһǣʣԸҼҸ磿
ȻҲ˵һͦħõġ
ǺáͽΪȻӦøɴࣺ˵㻰
ãɽϲס㲻Ϊ̶ֳȡ㡢ǶμˣôܺħۣͬǻȥɡֻҪͽһˡ
˵ˣҲƳһֿۣ裺㲻ɱɣ
ΪʲôҪɱĪ˲䣬䵽ɽϲߣԴ鵽϶ЦҸղҲ˵ˣңҲ㡣ҺЩʿͬҶĵʹޣֻҲ˽ġ
ɽϲһ㶣ͷɽβ͹סԼġ
ȻҪͷǧǴһܣ߾Ҫʼ׼
˵ǾҪ·ĻҰּ䣬ûУľԲҪǮһ࣬ʺٴࡣ
ͽΪ⿪ϵĽ䣺רսɻɣòݶѸס󡣡
ѾΧӵĵطһз󣬷׵û˲ȽҲˡ
豾ôˬͶ˵Уҵ͹ˣͬҲôݣ
ⲻʺϸħ޴
ҲǡЦģһʿ޻ء

˵ʲôͽΪͶˣ
ڵ˻ȥղŵ޾ϸ㱨Ȫ
û뵽Լһ죬ûȵħޱץϢȴͽΪѱ䡣
ȷû˵۾ȷϣͽΪ
ǧȷӳڳ˶ˡɽϲħһˣˡ
æصͷ
˵ĶӳǵͲ
˵˭ҵʿ
԰ӳҲû˵ôܷôһˡ
죡
Ȫһӣ⾲ţӺң̶֪һҹʲô¡
ͽΪѱ䣿
ôܣ
ҪʦֱģԼ˭αװġ˭пͶħޣΨͽΪܡ
ǵΪʲô
ʿѾʼҪַ̳ͽɽϲͽΪŪǰôҲô˳ȥ
кȻֳһӰץסԱߵʣһֱͽΪһǸأ
˭
ˣͽΪѷʦصúܺã˲һ֪
оһƳƴſڽϴ⣬ƺ˲٣ڵĽŷΧûѹ
㣡ȪȥһѾסһˣ
һҹľֻ˯ץס½յòϢΪӳҪɱѽʲô
ţͽΪˡק䣬סֵ㣺һֱһǸˣ֪֪Ķ
գ룺Ŷ˵ǸˡҸչʱ򿴼Ҫǣȥˡȵȣϰǳʲôˣ
ȪѾŤͷˡ
ʽǰףɵĳһһƿﻹ䣬ƺ˭Ҳûע⵽춯
ǧٹƽƥʱŲ
ʦʦ㡣
ͣʮ׿⣬ֲؽһ
ͷӰֻ¶һ򢡣ȪޱϤ
Ҫȥ׷ͽΪ𣿡 ˵ͽΪͶˣ𣿵Ҿܻᡭ
ǧû𻰣ƽƺ͸Լϡǰһ
ǰԼ˳ͷɥܻʷǧ٣ԼвѪȴô׾ǲⱲӶûˡ
ͻ񿴹Ц˵
ͣǲһӶûˡ
ٿѵͦˣ궼ͦˡʦֺȴ
һ棬ȻѾڶӳȴһʦã֪̬ȣҪΪͽΪҲ
þò𻰣һ٣ȷصʦ㲻˵˼ҿ԰Լ뷨𣿡
֪ǲǴ񿴼ǧͷȻƥɳ۳⣬ܿͿˡ
صڣʿǻڳͣʰھȥַħ޺ɽϲ
ħ޺ɽϲͽΪأ
ͽΪͽΪ˻ǹܡ
ʿ㿴ҿ㣺ʲô˼

ڵĵطͳͳ÷ͽΪ˿ɽϲں滹ȰסЦһЦ˵ĬĬͷ
¾͵ʿͶˡͽΪĸ첲û뵽ôʿЩû𵤵ΪʹİɡֵֻҪĺӵصףƾʵħһסħġ
ҸҲǶ
ȻûҾͲ֪ˡϾǹЦЦˣһȥ֪ˡ
ôסͽΪĺӵصкüľ룬׷ܻܲŵǶ⡣
Ӵɵǻ벻ô򵥵⸽Ȼֱͨĺӵص׵Ĵͷ
Ķ
üȥôܸأ
ͽΪܴչʿǶҾ͸㡣㼱ʲô
æһɫˡּȸߴߴʱ䣬ҲˡͽΪȻǰһ

ĳֲ²Ȼнһͣǰ
ѩ׵ȹմȾ˲ٳһƱ̺¶ڲ±ߵϸɫ΢ףȴƤһƾͺͲԶͽΪĿӡ
㡭һ£촽ƣô
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ǰĽ֪СźʹҲû
ǸҲǳϡ
ǧǰ˼ۿ׵編ԽԽ
ͽΪڵʿأڵǡ
ڻɽϲǱߵħ޽һȪӿȴҾ˵µģͽΪҪ֪Ų˻šɽϲǽҪµ㡣
ָĴ¾ǰɽϲ
á𣿡ʡ
ɽϲˣʲô
Ϊ˻ȥ͵Ż𣬳ɱʲô
ڱָͬǶһ˲䱻ʱץסĽҲݺˤڵϡ
ΪԼ⣬ɽϲԶԶûֵزֻǾãӦþôӦñһͽԩȥ
ԡˡǧٱֱ赭дؿڣܹϣһ˿ԥҲޡ
ʽԼҲ׷һ
µ˲ɽϲҡǧ٣ҲղԥɱΪҴˣ仰ѿڶ
ޱû𻰡
ҲܴõʲôһĻش
˵һ䡰ֻƭģҲԸͷǸú˵
ҲǣھѾˣҪּ㡣ֱɱҡ
ٿس齣ָ۵ζҪôɱңҪôÿҪҵ˲㡣
ǰʱҵ춯ʿϢ˴ҴҸϵˡ
ʦ㣡Ȫ£ŷģ̧ͷͼɽվͽΪߵĽɽϲͽΪ㡣Ϊʲô
ģ̌ǰ
ͽΪȰǱĻ
һЦ䣺԰԰ֻˣҲûʤˡҡǲǷǧ˵˷ˣⲻǻúúõ𡣡
ڳʿŶǰһĻע⣬ûǰվһƾնˡ
ǧ١
һ뿴
˵ʲôǧ٣
ˣʦ㣿
ȷʵ񡣡
赹ЩʿԼڲ֪£ˣʲôϵĿţһ˷һѾˡ
ιǱǸӳûȤһȥĺӵصףҿʲҲܳΪħһսк·ڱŰΧĲԼǶ档
Ȫ·裺ޣۣͬ
üһŭܿЦáǿɲҪڡ
Ǽһ˲֮¡
Աߵɽϲ̴ٵʹǽץסŽȻ󡪡Ȼʼ󡢱󡢱þ޴
ʿԭأֻĿСħɽϲ󣬶Ȼ֮ñɽߣն˶Ӵ֮¡
Ѿ֮ܳΪΡǹ
ĳҺһ
̡ħħȪĿ࣬ӦǴħޣгͣǧܱץ
ħɵǿͻһ컯ԴΪۣͻǳС
һʮǰħ֮սħħ͸ɵǧ˴󽫣ɻͷ󻼡
֮ǰȻûܷ֣
ʦʦ㡭ɺ
ħǰ̹İɡǧǰϿеһ㣬ȻģҲ΢ȪĻң˳߿ȥһС㾹ȻͽΪ
ѵ
бħϮȥ˷ˡ
ˣɽϲѾˣԸҵġħѪ޿ڣʿǺܺƭ΢Ըиˡӵ֣Ų˷Դɣ
졣֪˵ѣ㡣
㵹ǱȽϴ֪Ϸҿ
Ǵ
ֻûѡ
һڽϣγɹħ绤ܵı̳һӣ߿ɽϲ
һƵһӦûš
ħҲû뵽ȻƿԼıƤŵҺͳͳͽΪὣ¡
һɲǵľȡ
ʿ񲻶Ծ
ͽΪҲںȻӿһɹ̵Щͷۻ棬ԽԽ档
ͽΪȪħڡ
ҪʲôղŲµ׵編ͳͳڽ⣬һ৵ؾͰħıƤӲǽһϢɽϲק˳
ħֺܿ壬Ҳˡ
㡭㾹Ҷҵ
ɽϲطµأŤͷϱ㵲һڵůԽԽ̣ӣ֫е㲻ʹ
⡭ǣ
ϵɽϲˣһ۾ͿǿɲȻŵɫ֪࣬ʲô
ħһЦղŻ˵ҪߣֻҪҾˣڱ˸ģͿʼˣ
ɽϲȻǡ裿Ҹղֻǡ
νֻǵıԣЩʿ˵ħ֣Цҿǲαơ
ħҺֱ̬۳ŹȥҪһļơ
ͽΪΪǹůǰģҪȥһҲѾˡ
ɽϲ촽ȴκر۾ǣ֪ĺȻӹһ絲ǰƺߣĴûе
ΡΡۣԼһ˵Ӱ¡
ħд͸˼ȴֱһ
ɽϲһ۾ϳʦ㡭
ⲻھ㡣ͷҲûأƮƮ߬סǼУֱѪȾ죺Ҫ缸ǰң϶νֻҪ˾СǱ߽صʿΪԶԩڵʿ룬ҪҲ˶ѡ
һȦغˣƸ͵غ˾䣺ʦ㡭
ȴʱԶһ⣬ƽɫƲɵͽΪᴩ
Ŀøղŷǧٱ̴ĳ棬ڵů˷һ֫ҵʹУ·Ҫͷĳʹҽг
ͽΪȪײɣħһˡ
ôˣ
ȵȡǸòǡͻˣ
û϶ûԪӤʱ⽵٣ͻƣ
Ⱥ궯ʿǲԼͬͣ¹עǵ⡣˭Ҳûʿͻƾĳ档
޴ɢȥֻʣͽΪ类һڿУʱᵹǱȴȷɻС
ô£
ܸоﲻһˣ
һˡ
ʲôһˡ
ǵʲôһˣ
ǹɷʧȥǵ𣿻ǡǹͬ鶼־սɱ⣿
ٶƺҪԽһ㣬ֻͽΪִȥһգʱħؿڱһĴ󶴡
Ѫħ߰ӿ
κ˶޷׽Ѹ͡
ħԼûܷӦ
ʹ˻𣬿һΣô޷ͽΪһǣֻĺһµ񣬷·һֻ̨Ϊɱ¾Ļ

ħŭ̧ͷؿڸ˶Һ͵һųһԲߺʲôΣյ졣
ãȪϼͽΪ˻ҪԱ
һ͹ʿһа٣ħ޵ɱﵡѾԪӤͽΪҲ޷мܣȪü˻
ͽΪʧȥǣôü˵Ļ
ۿǶƤԽԽģٽƣڳ˶Ҫһ군ɽϲȻŵһǰȥ
˭Ҳûϵܳ
˴ţ׳˶δչͽΪˣȥסħȻֱڵ
䡪
ĺ쳹أħԱ֮ǰʿѡԱͬھ
ȶ̵̫۵ĹĻɽϲץסħƤ⣬ƺܴҵë¿ЦݣƭˣûϵǼǻԣҲůĻҲʦʦлԣҡ
ıƤը٣¶͵ɫûϵһСֻӱܵ˻˵ľٶ
ȻԼͬھ
ֻħһΪʲô˵ĸеţҲһΡ
һ˲䣬׹⽫һɡ
еһжʱʿǻл㱻ָʶӵлʲôħֻһ̲һжѪ
ʦ㣬ʦ㣡Ȫһʱ䱼ǧ٣һУҪϻڲͣѪ⿴ƽɫĿóʲôϰˡ
ͽΪأ
ȥˣûˡղˣɽϲ
ԼԣҲǸĽ֡ǧһƳ֪ʲô
ʦ˵ǡΪӳûáЦŴ¼
õġֻ
⻰˼ʣĲٴ𣿡
˵⻰һǧĮȻɫѾ˵һС
ҪǾһ˳ĻͽΪ
ͽͽΪ𣿡Ȫһ㶣ͷеͽΪҲ¹ͣңҾĻǲʤι˵Ρ
ǣѧѧʲô˼ˡǧŷʹļ򵭵

еĻ簵ԨһǷ˶ɲĹץסһڳԵһǷǧټ򱻹ᴩľ
৵̫ңԴʹǰ
˺һſԼϣϤķ羰
ˡ
ںħܣ
ʵͽΪ֮ûʲô䣬ӡǷǧȥɽϲһ¡
㲻ɽϲΪʲôҪôɣߺ޵ؼΪ̫۵òС
ʯүû˵˽ǧٵģ֪ʲô
һ뻹˵ˣһԼȥһ¡
ͽΪʵ֪ģվŵϣѡȷġȻȷģǰڣһֱôΪ
ûȥıԼʸȥָ
ΪʮԲ֮˽裬ٳҷɽϲ
һĻɽϲȥħͬھǶ룬ԼԸ
֮ͽΪֳĬڴһᣬ˼ң˺ܶ࣬ɽϲ衢ħޡԶ뵽˷ǧ١
Ծ˵ˡ
Ǿ䡰µ˲ɽϲҡҲղԥɱ𣿡
ʱûô˵ģһ嶯Լðˡ
ͽΪݺݴԼĶͷ󣬹һ֮ʹʹ
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԰һˣҽˡ
Ϊʲô
üֻв⡣
㲻÷𣿡
Ȫ֪ӦͶֻȨ֮ƣֻ˽԰ħתƵĵطѡҪû㣬ħҲ¶ô
Ҳǿҹ¡
ͽΪȪļ򣺡ðɣʵһ͡
ƺΪ㣬ǸħްǲصúεĴͷתƵǸǡɽϲͬھĵطº£ôţȻҵˡ
ǴһȪ˵üɫ衣
֪һֱΪǶ˶೤ʱû㣬϶ôס
ǡ
ԣǿȥĺӵصˣʦҲ˵һɲͽΪˣ²˵ҪȥĺӵصǸ֮ص£˵߾ߵġ
ͽΪͷ
ݵʱƿӭһɺ̹ǵζǷǧ˽
ʶڣǧ١
󣬵ҲԲСǧٶǲġ
ûԽ¥ȥ۽ⶼûƫһ¡
ͽΪ
Ȫ޲ôˣŶʦ˵ĻѾ׺ˡϾȥ˶

Ų⡣
ǡ


47 
ǧˡ
˵ԭ, ֻһˡ
ĺӵص׵£һҪƶµļƻʱͺú˰ɡ
Ȫ, ڵ, ڶ֪ʦˡǸû뱩¶˵ġ, ȻôһѪ̫صļһΪɱʦ, ǲɵġ¾Աܡ
ô֤ţͽΪͷһ, ڵҲ顣
Ȼˣ㲻֣ҲԴá
˵껰룬¥ҷǧ١
ݶ¥ҺͼķƽʱûʲôڡһͿһ˵
ǵͽΪӡ󣬲ڵĶ֣Ȫƽʱʲô¶ȥɡ
ǰҲͷǧٽ鲻ǳ
ʦ㡭û뵽Ĩỹһ˵
ǧٵǡ, ûڵ¡
Ҳ㹻, ֻҪ֪û¾ͺˡ

ͽΪվ¥ݿڲ֪òó, Ҫ϶һȵذŪ㶯Ѳῴĵݸˡ
վһᣬǵ߶߶ľȻû, ͷֻܾŲӣŲǧߡ
ǶԶƺѾڵ֪ˣͽΪҲν, μʿǱȥкˡ
ʦֵáǵ񿴲ɫۿкû뵽㾹ȻʦֵãҲѹ֣ʵģǷңҲֻǶμҵˡ
ͷ۾ȴһŷǧ١
൱ʶȤҪɩɩ˵ɣˡ
˭ɩɩ
Ųɩɩ
ǧٴӸղſʼһ۶ûߣͽΪҲûһֻץסαǰ濴
ɩɩǧ
ȥΪǧٵ̬ȣҲ˵ƽʱֺƤĻһ仰û˵һ˫۾˿֪ĻΪʲôͨ
ûˣǧ¥ͽΪںץ֣¶ǵһܣץ˸ա
ͽΪһĿۣԶȥ
Ѿٽ½½˲ʿǰӮħͨĺӵص׵Ĵͷ˶ֵøɵһ춼ںȾף
ȻɶҲûɣܺȾƾУҲһ֡
ͽΪ¥Цйкϰ壬ʲôɥ˸ʧˣ
ÿſھһġ
ͽΪһȭϣն췴Ӧ죬ֻȥ·µβͲػʲôʲôʲôϰˣ
û˵
˵ʲôˣ
ʧˡ
Լ߬ȭͷܸӣҪڹͣſԳ֮Ϊ⡱
û̬ȶԹҡСûС
첻ԣȻأ
Ҳ֪
ɽϲ£÷ǧٴˣҲԼˡȻ󣬻ûܾȵ
Ҫ˵ԭֻΪ֮ǰʹһ£Ǿ䡰Ҳɱ𣿡
ʱŭǻ̬ȺܲãǧٻҲ⡣
ŭ֮١
˲Ѱ״ͽΪе㲻֪ô졣
Ǹ
ô˵
Բҵ㵶һͷ˲ǹģǾ仰ҲĪԼĳġ
Ҳ̫ƮƮˣ㡣ԼҪǷǧٴŻ˵⻰һȭ
Ҳ֪ʧı飬üһҲûϰ¶ֱ顣
ǱʿںȥȾƣһļ򣺡˺ˣǰѲĵ˹ȥȼ¡Ǵ󹦳ѽͽΪ
˾ȻҲ֪ˡ
ͽΪȫǷǧ٣ûʲô칦硣
Ҳȥ
Ҫȥ
ȥ硣
úãɡ㲻ǺС˳ȥϹɡ
ûͽΪ˵Ѿܳ⡣
ȾʵͽΪȤڣʿŰΧеĿеĸǸ˵ʲôĶУĮģֱݵ鱻ƿ
̽ͷںʲô˵ڵ쵼ߣôҲ칦ȼɡ
ǧٵ⣺ǰûȣ
ǲһϰѽŸѡ
˵ͽΪ߾ͺͷǧٶϣǳɫƯӣǰҪЦһЦȴһƳ˸
Ȼˡ
Ҫ˵ȫǷŭʧ䣬Ҳе㲻ͬǧӲƢΪֻǸӣӾǿԵõˡġ
ֻǧٶܲӡڣ̬Ȼ࣬Ҳ䵽һ֡
ǹȻڷǧԼѾֹǵĺ˰ɡ
뵽ͽΪԺת
ҪǱǧ֪룬ƻˡ
ߵĩˣͽΪȺߣǿӵץס֣ݵģֺܱͣҲȾơ
ǧŶ㲻Ⱦƺʲôϵ
һֻѾӹʿľյ˻Ρ鿴ʲô
ֲţҸ㴵ɡ
ʲô
֮ǰ¯ĵûǲǺʹ
ǧһ٣û뵽صЦһ֣ҲҪҴ
Ҫʲô
Ҫüô
˭֪ͽΪϵͷ֣򡣡
ƫͷһҲʹˡ
֮û˽׼ȷ˵ǷǧٲͽΪϲȾҲеع¶ǣתۼֵҹ
ʿûҪЪ˼죬ѾվϺ˺
ͽΪκģƳǧٲ֪ʲôʱǰӰαһһεġ
û˵ʲôƾȿȥڰӻίӴúܣס־ϣǧۣƱ˵ĿӡϢߣһɾζ
ٲңҾˡ۾Ƥ£Ȼ㡣


48 
ǧղŶԼ
ϰĵúһҪʯͷˡϽοοǵĴ󹦳ɡ
˵ʵ˵㡣
Ͼǰ, ӲûģһɷҪҧ̬
ңƺúЦͽΪ֪Լں˭˵𣿡
˭
ɩɩ
ۿɼ, ͽΪһֱӳȥ˵һ飿
˵㡭
ûȷǧظ꣬סĲ͵ͷȥ
˵Ҳȥ, ͽΪѹ䣬ݲǻҧĵײ, ɹڷǧﳢѪζ
Ⱥ, ƻãĵߵӰڼžֻмͲŵĺڻڵɫС
ǧͷҪˣҧ˱, ֪ͣ˻ںСսʱͻȻǹȥģҲͽΪֵĸ, һֻ쵽࣬ƱҪԳС
žһ
ǧƿ
ͽΪûɿ, ͦ촽ȾŲԶƵİ⣬ʪȫĿˮ, ˫۾΢΢עߣ̫ˡ
ģټûƢԼǰûС
㵽ΪʲôˣʣЩơ
أղű׵ú, ΢΢ɳƣȴ޶ݡ
㲻˵Ҳ֪
ΪҴ㣬˵̫ˣСɽϲˡûܾ
û˵䣬ȥҲ֪ղװͰвȥ
ԼѡûҪûһɽϲ뻹ǻᱻħ޴ߣħҪϡǧٵҡ
һ٣Ȼһ޳ʳָǰƣǶôȴֲݷơͽΪ˿ŵһɵΪС
Ϊʲô
𣬿û
ͽΪһ٣֪ΪЩȻ㲻֪ʲôֲԸ˵ôµõֲ˽㡣
ôҲ˽һ˵ġ
ǧ㿴һۣȻת뿪˲ݡ
ͽΪ
һ߿׼ʱ˷˲پƣȴûһ£ϰ壬̸ôˣ
ͽΪȥˡ
˵겻ֱˣ컹ΪԼ˴æΧȻô£޹գգۣ˼⡣ֽȥֻý֮Ժҹȥˡ
ͽΪΪԼĲ²϶ûǧȴ˵ǡ
ǲΪɽϲΪֺ˵壬ʲô
Լȷ˽ǧ٣Ϊˣȥ˽⡣˭ᡣ
ʲôǴˣܲú˵ĲСӡ
Ȼ룬һҹûۡ
ڶʹʯү˵ͻƵúǰף岻Ӧ
ΪʱһѸӦɷӰ졣Զ׼Լʲôʱͻƣʲôʱ
ֻҪһñȳ˶ɽʱҡԪӤʿξ͵ã´ͻơȻǳ١˵պܾˮΪⶼǻû
ͽΪʣʲôԲ𣿡
ѰʿĻСҩѷˡɷЩֶζԶûáҪ͵ܻܲҲȫ
ͽΪǰϵĵλҡȻôһӲҲҪҵ˷ǧٺˣǱеһУȥĺӵصܻ֪
뿪լۡͽΪ¯ݸѾǰͬ˵Ѿţظ˼ŵҩ⼸úϢָܻܿ
ȴúϢǧٶˡȻҲ̫
˵ǰ챻ʱһˮҪҩݸһʰ¯һģǧߣϲһ˵òᡣȴƣȴӲҪȿ㡣
ɩɩŰɣѹǸôءʱı鶼еŵˡ
ͽΪˮһ٣ҪϢе࣬ðŤͷ³һ䣺ôҲ֪ˣ
ǸʵԼԼвµ˵ģҾ룺Ȼˡܵõ⣬ԪӤʿֻǼʿġ
ͻʱôĶԼݱ¶Ҳǳġ
ղ˵µǧҵˣ
԰ʵûʲôˣϢͺˡħĶпܲǧڣǲǴ²ӦñҸŶԡȥ죬Ҳÿȥ͵ĵЦʲô
ͽΪվͻȻͺˣûʲôûЦ
ݸ
˵ûЦ
ҵ뷨Ȫڲݶ¥ͷǧ˵ǰһ澵ӣһ߽صνȻͬĵͼ
˵ĺΣõĽͷλκӹȣǿԴϢħĵ̡ǡǿֻܴһˡ
ħĵ̣ǧȴЦ
֪ʦ˼ԽԽãһǱ߷ַλѾ¶ԽΣܺǴһѾǲĽˡ
иõİ취ǧ°͵ſʱŲ˾ûڸǣúܣ˵
Ȫͷʰʰߡ
ųȥȻײűߵͽΪ
ȻţķŭѾȻ޴棬Ҳͣɷ˵ץס֣

£ûͽΪץúܽ
¥ţϵԱߵһ
Ҳˡһ̵Ҳޣͷסȥ·Ȼû˺󻰡
ǧٵ˵ˣ
˵ˡ
ˡתһѴӺץס֡һʼأϷᣬͽΪƤüҶˣͲҲҵ𣿡
ǧĮȻСӶһ̬ҵʲôϵ
ǧ٣
קסǲ׼ߣӰ̧һ˫۾
ǲ⣬Ƿŭַ·Ƕָأڱ׾һ֪˵ʲôˡ
ͺ˵ǷǧʲôίɻŤʾһȻǲκ˽Ļᡣ

ͻģĵ״ܳ˵ǧûתҲûлͷͽΪץԼ֣úձߡ
֮ǰӦʲô
ͽΪһ٣ӰĲû̴𻰡
ŵ˵Ҫȥ졣
ɽϲǸħǰߵʱû£
ɽϲһˡ߽صʿҪħ޾ô°ȥĺӵصסô죿
㲻ҪΪˣͲΥŵȥ΢ɲ죬Ǳ׽һѹֲסôͽΪֻҪǸֵͬˣҺԼҪ
ͷûƽʱ侲ֻлɬҡҷ
ʼͲҪֻ
ԼѾ̫ƽƽһЩ䵭ͽΪȴĪиоˡί
ǧʮֲ䡣
ǴˣԲݡġʲôԱԭ¡
ƺˣǧҲˡֻгᣬҲᱯˡŭΪʲô¸еίԴ޹ء
ž
ŤͷҪߣͽΪӺסֹ
֡
Ҳ
ͽΪ
Բ𡣡
ǧһͣû
ŵ˸˵ٽҲû˽һ˵ġ
ݸ˵һȥ죬˻չңˡ
ʵû˵ϣͽΪ߼Լ˾
Ҹоҵȷָ˽һ㡣Ȼ̶ֳ㲻ʲôڿ˵ķʲôˡĴ϶ҲɱҡǸˣҲɽϲһ
ǧٲ֪ʲôû
ͽΪûҪȥ¡
Ҳǡò׿ʼ߳ôְƻȥ
ɽϲǴ֮ͻģҪ˵ͣסǾԼȷʵãֹҲдʱҺú˵
ǧٷʣѵҸú˵ͻҵĻ
ǵȷʵᡣ
̧ͷƳı飬ϧ̫ûͷֻܿ毺õĲգǧ٣㿴
ôҡܲϰзƳʱ΢΢šüе㲻ڣû˸ղŵȻ
ȥһһת泯ǰһͲһĿ⿴ǽǲץסԼ֣úÿɰһŰ˵ǽ޿ˣչȥס
Բ𡣡ױð֣˶ʱ˵˵黰ʮ˵СȻûѧס
š
ǧٱۣϵ٩Ц㶼˵ˡָ°һ󣬰Ϳе̴Լժ˿û꣬ȥ˯
һҾȥ
һͺԭα¶˽Լǽм䣬ӦͲ֣ǧٺͽΪûá
Ǿһ¡ü
ͽΪͷ
׹ȥ˭֪ȱס½ӦһʶǷǧٴչⶼ̽
ͽΪһסխ´ӺȻŲ˵ͽΪѣ
ûǧɿ
һڵĵͽΪѣ⡭ףʦҲڣ
ţܲˬ߰û˿üǧ·Щң˵˴˿̱ǽһµӣղŻ׵ôֱߺߡ
ģӵڵһСӵġӳ˵ǽ𣬽кȥĺӵصףǾѷʩˡ
ޣʲôѣýжӳɣ
Զԣζӳ
֪Ƕμҵ˺̬ȵ˸ʮȴת䡣
ͽΪɨۣҲͶʮˣһ죺û
ееġ⡣һӵǵ֡ΪӦоСͽΪ罻óľǼ˵֣ţ֪ˣǻʲô£
һϿ͵ӣɿķǧ١
˻ûãճɡ
Уˡʦ㡢ζӳݣǶǶġ
һɢҲû˸ղǹɿԼȥķΧͽΪȻ⣬Ϊʲô䵽Լͷϡ
Ȫ˽ܵġ
ΪʲôûɹֻҲᡣ
Ȼ֪㲻ᡣ
ҲԭߵߣҵáҪܾ𣿡
˵ʵǧϿɣͽΪǸܲ˵顣ǿǷǧ١ҡĳ̶ȣһ
С̶ûǴ˵Ȧף
ͷ⹴֣Ǿʹ쿪ʼɣȥˡ
ͽΪץĦһһ⡣
ʲô
Ѿǰɣ
һ٣û뵽ЦҪɲôá
ͽΪղŸû׹Ҳֱô˵ˣĩ˻һ䣺һȥ죬൱û㣬ȥٸһ¡
ǧ٣
˵ģ


49 
ȥԺǧҲûס
ֻ˵û, ҪúϢ˾͸Ͽ͹š
ȷԴͻԺǹůͺ궯, ͺʲô޴ͷ, ֱֻײ
붨޷⡣
ʯү˵ҪôҪô˴һܡ
ʱڣ˶׼ǰĺӵص׵, ȥĶ˴һͷ
˯˵ͷһ, һʿվլۡſڣζӳ, ǵþˣ
ͽΪҪ
⻹˵𡣵Ȼǵָʾˡ
ϱӻⱲ, ͽΪû, ȪͻȻӸʮҲ֪Ҫ
˼, ɡ
˸΢, һӼȥʮҲӵ
ͽΪ򵥱س, ָָһҪȥĺӵصףʵս顣
ô˵ʵֻ˷ɢһڹʣ
ָе֮ǰڲݶ¥ŷǧٿ޿Ǹޣʦܣ鲻ûǸģһҾӳ顣
Ŷһʦ֡
ʦǰǾʦʦӭħ, ʵսӳġ
ζӳʦֿǺǿģ
ʿһΧۿϷ
˵֮ǰĿùͻƵĳ棬֪ǸŮսʿŮôҲʮ߰, Ҫʵս, ϶ȲЩڱ߽شġȪ֮оӽ
ͽΪʣ㾳Σ
ӽͷӳҽҲᵤ, Զ
û¡Բ֪
˰νڳƣӽڽľһֱӯѸݵһ۷ƮƮĺʵεˣ̺Ľͻֱը
˲ôҪĲλҪöӳ˵̫أӰ鵹ν»Ӱȥĺӵص׵г̡
һ˲䣬һ罫ĽնϣûüӦͽΪѾǰв߶ӽ۾дһ
ͽΪһ쵱ӳͰ˽ȥԵºܿ촫Ȫ
ǧҲԱߣЦŹ˵廹ûȫɣһҲͣʦǲǾͷۣ
ϾԶѾ䣬ηҵĻȻû˵ǶʹˡǧٺͽΪҲֻɩɩСӡ
δãûǸֵ˭Ҫͷ۰ɡ
ͦͷۡһ䡣
ߵҲһˣҪȥɣͽΪ̫ݣһԳ˵汩զ졣
ƾͽΪ˽⣬治ûֿܡȪΪġ
Ǿȥɡ
ʱñӽڵϣˣ
ͽΪ΢΢Ҳе㾪һᵤʿȻԼŹһӡ
ԪӤûʲôʵУϾ궯涼ͽ𵤲̫ࡣ
ղһ֪ԭ˵ĶôǱʿƵѸͽ۵ҲУһ֡һٵģȫ
عʱֵڵʹڵůȴɢ˼ڼҵＱת
ȻͻȻģǸ⡱һ´İð˳
еĺһͣˡ
ͽΪ˳Ƴһ͸ڼɶӲʱӲһͺצĴòУúףӮ˱ԡ
⡢Ǻ
ѵǶζӳʲôޣ
˲֪ʲôͽΪȴúܡ
ͻȻðͣԭֻ궯ĽղסȻҲʹҶ
ڳò󣬰͸ϲķɫһػᷢҹ⣬ǻû˾ʲôԡ
Եķǧٺ΢΢һ£Ȫɻؿôʦ㣿
û¡
ζӳС̫ϡ棬ʿǷ׷ǰÿɰһ𣿡
˭ҾͿ˭֡ͽΪ䡣
ǲˡ
Խû⣬ֻ֢״أ˵ͷţǳӱ
ʿǿжһĨݣȪֱ䣺ζӳ̫ǿˣûղһС
ͽΪųȥŷַǧҲ⣬֪˶ˡ
ֵסǸ壬Щеûģֻôˣ
ôҲ˵ȻЦ
ѵûնղȥĻƳ
ǿԡ
˵ͰˣΧˣȪúܽҲıĻ⡣ͽΪվվô졣
ʲô
Ҳ֪ǲǴԴͻԺ󣬺񣬸ˡüܷѣҪ𣿡
ǧ٣ӰϰߣûʲôҪҪġ
ǣ˵㡭
ĻΪ۷絭ƳۣͽΪˡǧֲСӣȻ˼
ͽΪȪһԴ廰Ѿͳҹĺӵصס廹ûȫҾȥȫһ·߰ɡ
ͽΪν
ɩɩأɩɩһ𡣡ǧ١֮ǰʱ˻ɩɩںֶΥĳƺӦҲ
԰ΪܻʦȫټһСˣ㹻ˡ
С
˵˻ƽϢô˻ȥڱǧٿ϶Ըˡ
ҪȥĺӵصףʵˣҲе㲻֪ô졣
ûȥ֮ǰ뻹ûе롣
ʣ̾
ҹͷǰ
Ȫ˵ѾҪĸԺϻΪ׵žڱ߽ؿģҲͶμҺԸ֮ĺӵصס
ڴͷ
ϻڲԸͷҲ֮УĸͲӮƵȥĺӵصף־ƲԾͻʱ·
һȺֻԼģҲħĹռ磬ӵĶȥֻ˰ˡ
ˣȥɡȪкǣϳɡ
רŸǧŪһƥ
ĺӵصױ鲼ʽȥĺǱɣǿܣǧȴС
ʹҽһЩؾȥ硣
ղ˴ͷ󾿾ͨʣµľͽɡѾ׼ˡȪһı顣
ͽΪͷһ˵£ҿԸı䴫ͷĿĵء
ģ
š
ô˵
ҲûҰ
ʯү֮ǰ˵粻ֻ׼һʹԪӤЩȻȻ̳С
磬ݲٿر˵ķ
ǶЩţֺ¡ֻͽΪߵͷǰ˸ȥĶ
ýȪѵͼͳ
ûȥĵطΪĿĵأЩѣҲǲСͽΪ˵˾ԣǱͳҲŵֱĭ
õļž֣Ӧˣǡ
ߴһĻ
˺ζӳܳˣ

ѾԼǧٲ֪ͷ£ô
ֻܶλһµķλӦòΪʹƳղȥˡ
ǵôڲסѲǧƳúЦ
ͽΪΪ˲¶ԶԶģΧŤ߰Ѿ뷨һ˲ڱˡ
ϢԺܲһ
Ѫֲ**ζ
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ͽΪָʲôֻ㵽˾Ͷˡĺӵص״ף˳ǴҲҪܵ
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ǧٵ֧һ߲˼ʹԴһᡣ
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ǳǳɤͽΪûüӦͻȻץסϡ
ס̧ͷͺ;Ӹ¸ߵķǧٶӡ
üەiʱ̹º͵Ļȣ˭˶̲סøеòΨ۾ʱ˵ĸо룬΢̵βȾһ㹴˵ɫʡ
Ȼʲô״ѾʵķӦ
ǧƳӣղȥ
š֪죬û뵽ˣҳǰҺϻڵʹ˵
˵һξͺˡ˭ͻƺ̫࣬ˮѾˡ
Īе㲻֪ôǧʵʵ˵˵ҲӦ
𣿡ȴȻ֪ʲô͵úҪĺΪһ塣
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죬һ㲻ò˼
ʶٿžǧٲ⿴ۣһĹȹѾ̲ķɫƫһҵģȻкܶལ룬׵ȸȴ覴ãڻ谵׵úܷ⡣
֮ǰʵû
һֻƵǧٺ棬Ѿʼץ⹴Ĳ٩ż죬Ѿˣ
ǲġ
ͽΪõúܣ¸ˡ
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ͽΪڵҲȵ÷оأ˵ġ
ˣͽΪһʿ⡣ǧٶ϶ķֽ
ˣΪͣô졣ͽΪˣҪ֪Լ㽵ķʦڳ
졣̧죬Ưü֪ա
Ҳղ˭Լġ
ͽΪʱΪȪʱԼǸû뵽һ
Ǵӷġ
һ졣
Ƿҵˡǧţ侲ʶȴ˲ӡ
ͽΪӻ᲻ɣ
Ϊǽ˷ԾͲỳɣ
ǵҲǡ
Ȼ뵽һ취ǧ˵ˣٳʯүӣûʶҲۣʲôǸʲôαװ֮ѷǧٱɷӣֻС
ʯүӱ¯ܲ⣺Ҫʲô
֮ٸ͡
ðɺðɡ
Ѿ֪ʹ߱˲ЧԲô䣬ͽΪǧٻǷǧٵӡֻʯү˵ˣǧʾһ۾͵㿪
ôôãڵϢûôͳһ
ǧȻ֪˭ָһļһߵǧٵڵõˡ
ŶģϲǿŽõˣ
ţҧӦͽΪԹһ̧Լ£ڵסʧЦѹںһ쾵Сıǻˡ
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á
ҶϣͽΪüͷΪʲôħ
𣿡ܲǰһ㣺ͺħˣǰҲµûû
ǰµʱ䣿
˵۽޵ͷĲ˵ͽΪҲˡ˵һʼûͶμ֣෴˶μ
ʣҲʵǸ̸µĳϡ
ҷǧʱֵúܣ֮ǰ΢һšüߺ˵ܲˣȫҪԼץסֻ͹𣬵ɫѩ׵Ƥ¸Ҫ·һ
ͽΪϱӲϲˮѹˣǹ㵽Ҫô
㡭ûüףĻǰϷʵĳƺĮȻԴгȴ߳ܵö΢̣ٽһԣ
ԼҪԣҪô࣬ǹʲôǰʵûдһʱͻῪʼ
ǧϥǲһȭ²ȥ֣ССʹĶѧģֻ䣬ʧŰͷһ̡ˮںڵĶͽëȾʪģÿû
ͽΪÿɰģ𶯣ҶͽΪ
ûڶ֤
ƺѾʻһƬĵشļˮкķĳֱͷ߻谵ʹ⿴Ҳʲô࿴һƬ΢΢ζȹǡ
ƳȫͽΪʶһ֣ҲظоȻǧٵķӦĶĶ
ĵҲ̫ˡ


50 
ĺӵص֮ǰ, ʿǰۻ۵鲼£ʲô׷ͷȻǺĴ񲻴һ벻̫ۡ
һ·û˸˵
¾ŵΣյ, һȥ, Ȼγɵľʯںɫһɻ, ȸ, ˵Ⱥ, ӵ, ʵڲĻסˡ
ѾںӹȼһˣֵǣûһѲߵħޡ
ҪôħⳡԼڱصĽ䱸ҪôʵҲ鲻֡
ͼʾĴɽԽԽʱԵʿȻûʲô
ӽһǡ˵кöࡣ
Ǵ±ߴģ᲻ħޣ߾Ҫײˡ
ȪһӴǰɽ, Ƿ·оȨֻͽΪ
Ͻ˵ߣʦ㡢ӳ, ǰ״ħޡ
ƿ, ͽΪֱ֧̽ͷҸоˡʮǰɡ
ô죿Զ·ܿǰɡǵĿǰȫִɽţҪǺħ޴϶עĿ, ǲǵòʧ
ƶͽΪҪǴ˿϶ܿߣҲӦ׼ȥͷԸ·
ȵȡȴȥʲô
һ㶣ͷӳ˵ʲô
˵ȥħڸʲô
ɡ㵵ӳû˵ǴһҪ¶ټɽŵħӪء֪±ߵħ޾ߵͣóȻʶٷһʱ
ҵȻ֪ȥȡ
ȰͽΪ, ̽ͷߵķǧ˵ʦأӳڣζӳִҪȥǡʦİɡ
ͽΪͲָûãʵǿҲͷԣʿԸ⹧ӳΪѪ
浽ֹϵ˰ΣľʱȻֻǧٵĻ
ҲͽΪʦ㡣
ʦǸòٴˣߴӡ
ǹ뵵ζѾɢò࣬ǧȹȾϵˮգ̧ͷһƳͽΪĵʲôƻ
ͽΪղ˵ȥħӪΪ˽ǵķ磬ҿȪǰǱ飬ӦûôףϾӪħ޿ɾͲǶʮĳ̶ˡȻҪģﲻһոСģ
Ŷмɰգ
ɰɡҵĻĻٸһɡǾǶͷʿ˵ġ
ӽһͬı飺ûʮʮİա
ʲôʮʮİգǧһСˮôɾɴſˣ
ͷƷƵĿһᡣ
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ǿǸ䵭ӽ֮ǰԼôҲûӦί鲻Ըǡ
Ȼȥ·Żٶȿʼ½ʿǶЩ
ʦ֣ǲҪ˰ɡ
ӦƵߵѽʦΪʲôͬζӳôɡ
˱˵ˣȻ˵ԼмƻǾɡ
Խ󣬷Խ󣬴ϷŨͽΪľʯԭмСʯƽ̨㹻š
ҲҪСĽȿգֻһƬ½ǣҲץס˺ݺȥ
ʱɲʿħʿ
ץס
١ܣ͵ǵĶԼܵõ
ˣϽɱڵǿزڵȥ
ʯ䣬ʮħһֻڱýС
һȼգѾڱƤë̵üʹధƤëƤ¶ڿ鲼ɲ˰̺ۡˣڱҲûɿŵʲôʲ
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ͽΪʯͷҶ꣬ûħΪʲôôżȻǴӪ͵ģǿ϶Ǹû
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ǰɡ
Ϊʲô
ԵĻҲȣȻ͸úɱһ𡣡
Ͳ̬ͦ󣬸ûжƽ˵֮ġֻܶȹǿ
ȻҾˣһ¡Ŷ㣬ŵǸʯͷʲôħôأѲǵʲôر
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˻ûָֻܷڵؿԡ
ͽΪңҾͻ㡣
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ˡ
ͽΪתæ֮ץס½־ðܿɿ
ͷεı̧ͷߣë׵Ķɫ۾ûиղŷĵ⣬ֻʣ
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ͽΪ룬֮Σǿ˼Ҷȷʵ£ҲУҿɲ·ܷ𣿡
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㡭ԱҰ


51 
㡭ԱҰ
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𣿡𻰣һ顣
ҲǲУƾʲôҪϱһУ
», ҾͿԱ
䲻⣺Ϊʲô
Ϊ뱳ĳλ𡣷ǧٵĵν
΢ָЩ, ·֪ԼǸʲôģˣûʲôԱġ
Բ˵ޣ¶оͺܲӵеġ
㲻ҽ⡣
˼֣С֣ͦԼԭαҪö, ٶȿ, ⲢЧʡ
ðɡ
ΡڱףſͽΪϻѹСɽӽЧʵһԪӤʿ, ëû
㲻𣿡졣
á
ɳĬ, ղΪﶥᵤͷ, ڿܻ͹ˡ˵׼ǽʿ
ҲǣԼôص, Ļ𶼻ڣȴһκá
ǰħ׷ҹǾǳĵ֮
ԡ˵Լħ޵ĵˣŵʿˣΪʲôʱĺӵصף
ͽΪķٶȿ죬ܴɳƣڶظ߲塣
ΪʲôҪ㣿
һ伫Ļ
һ룬Լû֪ȴǲã첻̸ˡ

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ͻð⻰Ҷһû·ʿǴΪ𾪣ͽΪֿ䣬Ҳ֪Բʲôɫޱ
ͽΪûΪʲô
㲻˵𣿵˵ĵ˾ѡħĵˣƺҲħĵˡһֱֻۣýһҰԵУڳʿҪȥȻδȫָ϶ԳΪս
⻰˵ãʿǶĶˡ
ҾܾͽΪȴ
ʲô
ζӳȻܾ
ʦǿģһû̳е
Ϊʲô㲻ңҸղŶ¸ˡ
ǲ㡣йͬĵˣҲ㷲¶ҰţҲŸڶ
šҲ׵Ŀǰɡ
Ȼû̳еᣬѷʦɩɩĴ񶼼̳еˣ
Ǻðɡ
ͽΪΪ˴ˣ˭֪Ȼ̬
ڱ۵ĽɫͫһƵڵɢͺҵ޽ɡԸΪޡ
ޱٷְٷ˵ᱻɡ
𣿡
ͽΪ
ɣȥ;Уӽߣζӳ
ôƨɺͷŷĺڱ
ʲô
ղţԡԲ𣡡سһϹԱ߼ʿԴҲһ
ͽΪĪԲʲô
֮ǰɹֻıԶԲ𡭡Улл㣬ҡ仰ŤŤС˵ġ
ʦôԭҺ񡭡һ㡣
˵ʵǰĵǸ͸лûǾ仰ʵڡ
ͽΪ鲻ǵȻˡ
ǲ֪ǧмεˣǵڼ
⴫еǧٷڴûʳָͣ
ʦ㡣ӽȵģزסϲذ±߳»㱨ˣܱħ޵ģӪأ¾͸ˡ
ԭǴϮħӪٰħ޵ģȴʱװ˳ܶܶࡣ
ζӳһˣûˡ˵᲻ǡʦҲڤڤ֮лǣ
ǧٵͽΪȵ㣿
ҲǣӦøлĵȻǶζӳˣ
ͽΪʱҲ׷ǧƳ½ֱۣû뵽Ӳû˻쳣
ɩɩٺܿ죬и¸
ȷǧʣʿЦǴܵʱζӳڣһͱŸҰˣ·ĸû˵꣬ͽΪһƳˡ
ǧһһİˡ
˼ԱʿĽۣҲֻڸţȴûаִ٣ڿԼͷǴк
ޣʡ
ͽΪôһ¾Ͳµ
ôӲҲֻޡ
޷ÿɾɡͽΪ˵ʼĩ
ģ𣿡
ʲôãڵĶӳ𡣡ЦЦֻҪΪԼľ𡣡
ͽΪ֪ʲô˼
˵ڶ߬ţʲô֮ǰ롣
Ҳɽϲǰȥȴʲô
áҺ޽ĻӦҲε
ǸԱ䣬˵ԼѪѪͨ˸еֿټ˱֮ʯѹƣǲõġ
ͽΪҸղѾϵòˡļȺָӽʿǵ֣Ȼָֻӳ¶ķǧ٣ǣλǣ
ԱߣͽΪǡɩɩ㲻֪Ҳ㿿̫
ʿҲζӳʦСǵµã޶ϵ𣿡
Ȼ䲻ǣԭŮˡ
Ůˣü죬ۣԹԵصͷ
쵱ҲһۿǧˣѪܲˣֻӱǸֻȾƵС͵˰ٸۡ
ͽΪġ
֮׼̣δȫָҲֻίڳͷһ顣
䱾һҴǰץֱӳԣкƽҲ⡣
˸
ۡ
ͽΪصϣղǰܲ¶һͷǧٶԭα¶
Ͼ˳ɵ˵ûû
ˡǧԱߵ
ֿСӵ˵
СӼ״һ׼仰Ծʹ٩
ЦҪô˵
ѹȥǽ͵͵ģңĿ佱ˡ
ǧ٣ǿɲС
˳߿ȥڳͷӵĶ䱻紵һһ˵˵ã˵پ
֪·ˡһһȥΪûˣǱӰĪеġ
ǧپһᡣ
ԴͻȻģͽΪ̧ͷ°ûˣҲ㳤ˡ
һ㶣Ị̄۾ȴֱֱ˿Ҷˣûг㲻ú𣿡
ǧ٣


52 
Ķѧֻ
, ۾ڴһå
ǰôһӣôھͳģҲꡣڼθ̡
ͽΪ֪Լ㽵ɾԼҲ⡣ÿο, ЩĪԼðˡ
ʵ˵Ϊ̫ɬҿƲס
Ͼֵഺڵ̲Ÿոտ磬һӶǻɫϡ
ǧٴǲġ
òȡ˲ã⿴ͳһX䵭
ͽΪźϲڴϽʧءչ¶ƽʱеֺ߱顣
⻰Ҫ˵ˣǧٴŻ
оߵɨԼ, ڶϹͣ˼룬ͽΪʣôˣ
ûҲû˿ڡ
û¡ǧٰԴת˻ȥ
ͽΪ
һǵִ˴ɽš
һ·ͨ, ˵ѲߵħޣǸﶼ
˵Ϊħ޼䶼ڴѹ۵, ܿҪܲࡣû˻ڣŵ˻ĺӵصס
ʵҲ˵
߽ǸӣҪûִͷ, սܿǳ¡
ھħӪضʮĵط, Ȫǻϡʹ߰˸ߣɢħע⣬һִܵɽҲá
˭ħ޵Ľ䱸и̶ֳȡ
Ȼ˼ħ޵ȥˡûáҪٶ㣬Ǿ˵׼ˡ
ƺܲȪϰֿ, ԹԼһ·ϹŸ·ûϢŤͷͿվͽΪԱߵı
֮ǰѾȪ㱨, 䣬ֻ򵥽˼䡣
ããҶˡڳЪţϰȻҲǴ, û޽
ͽΪǿǼʱս
ǣϾһ㶼ǿ

Ҳ𣿡ûϸоͬϢ䶼ûУ͸ͨ졣
ŶҲ
ǣ
ǲйϵеֲ̡ˡȪûǽ飬Ѿ˵ǰ¹ŽͷϷŤͷͺǳʿǸϽϡ
䣺ǵܶӳƢ̫á
죺ϰ˾ͺˡ
ʦ㣬ǸˡͽΪҲ̫ˣϧҲڣûˡȪƿͷǧٽ
䣺ǵܶӳΨͽΪɩɩ̬Ⱥܺá
죺˳Ҷʦأϰ߾ͺá
Ȼ¼һ䣬αװ֮ı㹻ġ
鲼£ϸղŴħ·
ǾݵƷɫƶͳһƻմѪǳĺӵص׵ʱз
ʯү˵αװ֮񼶷İֻҪαװ֮һգЩħ޵ģҲԷֱ档
ֻǱ˴˿ԿԷǶħޡоֹʦʦʲôھ͸ҸĿڡȻӪأͨţ۲״
ղŷǧڳȪļƻ򵥸ˡ
ȥԶħޣħڵħٲҪħ޿Ѳߡڶһȱ˵״̬
һľ֮ںпܻٻһħޡ
ܲ¶ɫħΨһᡣ
޷Ǿһȡ־
֮ǰʤ
ڵʿԿܶŹʣ̧ظûȾƶ˾һװǿ̫ˡζӳΪǸħ޴˶Ľˣ
Ҳ
ǧʱۣƿиա
ʱȲˣһΪҪħȥħƻԼĪи˳ɰաЦʣ¶ɣͿݵúòˡ
ʦģ֤¶©ʿǸ
䣺Һղǻ˼ˡ
죺԰ɣ

ɽͱڶվڴƬ̩ɽԵѹȸмǿԹűǻħҪݵ㡣
ħӪݵɽŵĿյϡ
߽Ҫȣռ󣬽ȺȴԵҰԼªƵڳϱ紵ҡҡ׹һԴϳħ޶ԣֻҰ
ǰȻŲԭǰ뿪Ӫصͬ顣
ôŻһ˵ɺ죬ҰϸĹͷʯأôȥ׷ỹ׷ɣ㿴ôʰǡ
ʯʲô̶ҪӮˡǿɸ˼¡γħ޵Ȫ˵ƽʱûʲô𣬵ľȻħ޻ħޡ
ʲô°
˷ҵү˵ˣǾͰˣȻô׷һֻ㲻һ
һȻҵүվںͷ
ּС䣬Ĳħħ˵д»֪ġ
ңһΪȥĶ͵ءʧȥȥȥȥҽųԷˡ˵°ѵϵҰʬѪ·϶޲
ССͷŻ¡
ӪصĽ䱸иƹǰդ˾ô׽
ܲʹõĽƵʯ룬ķҲ١
ħڽͷϣӣȴĸоﶼһɫĵɫ
ͽΪװضһħ޵ȥ֪ͨ˵Ǵ˸
ĺӵص׿˲֪޽½аġ
׷ħ꣬ӣһħ֮ս̤Ѫ֮·ʿͷ­Ϊս޲ʤޡ
ŮᣬʱķҼﵷˣһٴαս
ҲŶŲʱ򡪡Ųʿʱô˵
ͽΪûҲû𣬶ʵİ
ȻʯүӸղŸ֤ħᱻ˿
һأ
˶ţͽΪǰߵš
ǰɿǧһۣԷһС¾ˣı顣
Ҳǡ
Ҳûˡ
ֻܳɹʧܡ
һһᱣġ˵
ǧٺЦСͦ󡣡
ҲСӡ
ǵű⻰Իˡ
ֻһյ谵͵ƣټܵɽˮǰһ˴ǰ
ħޣû컯Ӱ죬ֻͷǿҵĺ췢ǲɫǽ̫ѪȾɵġ
΢΢̧ͷʱƹ˺صӰ˫۾İ˲ұӡ
ɱ¾Ϣء
ͽΪġ¡˿̫ˣɫ糣ǻˡ
Ŷ½аĵˮһƽ񣺡˵׷ˣ
ͽΪԭһ飺Ǿãħ˵ĿˣӦñȱʯҪһ㣿Ҫòףҡٳȥֻ
𣬷µĿƺɨǧ١
·ͷ´ȡȭһ
ò˵ǧٵݼ˵áװǻƵŹӾָоȻò㡣
ҪǷǧ٣ͽΪ̧ܵٸһȭˡ
ôĺӵصף½аʣ˵Ƕħ
ǡһ뿪ħǼҸķԸɣ;бֻϣ˵ΪǳʵڲǶ֡
½аĿİСȷʵֻҲôˡ
ʯȥˡǾħ˵Ŀˣ͵
ͽΪϵлллл
ţ˸үⰲסǸøȥбǸɡ
ڼ򵥵ؾ͹أźͽΪź֪ԼղžȻ̽½аĵΪ
ֱ߾һѾ޽Ҫ˵һ䣬²Ѿ
ô߳һξȪŸʡ
ӦûɡͽΪȷ½а̫ޱˣ˵бûħҪٻħ޵¡
Ķô졣ǧٱ۵Űɡ
ȥħ˯ĵطȻһẉִ̂ͨνޱȶӣ֮ܳΪ
ϻδɵѪҲ֪ʲôġ
ڱ߽ضԺ˯õڵ৵غˡ
ħ޹ȻͲˣôƵĵطҲ˯ȥ
ҡһȥͷպһء
졢찡
ͽΪνҲҲȲͰ
ǧٹ֪Լ˯ֵطǽһҲ²ؼ
ɩɩһȻ󱳹Ⱥս˵½аĻɣҪ͵ȥŵ㣿
ʵǲŽɩɩ˵óĻ
ǧŶʣģ
ͽΪڵĳȷʵֻǵģһ˵ԵǵֹͷЩеûĵһ
ģ㲻ңüⷿĻҵνҲ˯
ǧٿۣȷʵԭʼֹߴĶ΢΢üͽΪǹ
ǵһ͵
û뵽ǧٻӦá
治ɫģ۾úܷ⡣
˵ô׾ͺСӡ
֮ܿħǧȥ½аĸŵסкˡʿǰֻ̾ԡ
Ȫ󣺡ǲֵģע㡣˭¶ţħ޿ǣȰǿˣ
ӳˡ

ͽΪվһߣ֣ǰк
ûˣҪھͺҵ޽ˣħǻͲˡ
硣
ôŪ
ܼ򵥡̧һַֻ֣ϣӦ
ı鲼˺ۣǳ֤ǰս
һ˲䣬ͽΪоԼһĨԲ
ſֲ֣ڵ϶һöɫļпۡ
ҵ޽ֻҪпעʱضٻҡ
ô㣿ü
䲻֪ΪЩɬصͷҵĵһΡҲ̫Ƕô˵ġҪƻＴɡ
е¶ôʣͽΪп۶̫꣬СˣŶ׶ǴΣգԷһ÷ʱĵط
ȻҲԴؿǸϸϣŷǧ
شͽΪҲ롣
ҪҪɴͷϣ
ͷˣ׶
ͽΪղŷǧĪ俴һ¡
Ҽжϰɡ
˵ԣΪ̫СȥҲûʲôڸСͦ㡣
ɫ俴ڵƹ֪뵽ʲô³һ䣺ȻǸˡ

޽͵㣬һ̶ϿԸ֪ʶô˵ءʶҵĸоǻˡ
ͽΪû뵽ЧӦø֪˰ɣ
֪˼ģֻʶѡûпκζС֮¡
ǾС
Ծ䲢κ֮飬ֻǵĺϵħˣͻҲûʲô˵ġ
ʱ仹磬㣬ҪħǶ취ȥҷǧ١
ڣʿһ߱Թһ߶Ŵ죬ҳǺÿȿȸͣ
ȻѾޣʹһЩ¡
˵
̴ָָӽ
ͽΪֻܾҪæܡ
𡭡ɻü˵Ӧκ¡ҵΡҪȻҪá
̴ɣϰԱߺ
Ҫ̴ǻбҪҰæʲôԡȻ˵ĳʶҿѧ
ͽΪ𽥲ͷ
һ¡
ʲô
⣬һϻ֮ǰҡ
˵ͽΪˡ
˵˻㲻֪𣿡쿿˵
䲻⣺˲ǸҴ𶯡
°Ϳһᣬգգ۵óۣòɵӰɣ
䣺


53 
Ӫڳװ, ħϢ̬ˣǱҹʴѻ
ͽΪȥŲ, ѭŷǧٵϢҵӪΧһӡ
˵ʵ, ߽صլۡûñȣ̫ͨࡣ
, תͷִš
һ, ȥڵյƣǧڰǰ濴, ʲôûС
ʲôأͽΪ߹ȥ
û̧ͷħ֮ļƻ
ͽΪü򵥣Ҹ, , ˭ֹҾɱ˭
˱ûУȷʵ˭ǿ
ǧЦƶ㰢ֻˣ֮ǰɵøʲôƵģ
ͽΪû뵽Ȼˡ
ʵĺӵص׵ǰһ죬ͲãҲ¡
ǧȴûƵġ

ûˡ
ͻȻ飺ڳҾΪҺܾɥ
ǧüһͲܻʣ
ûϡ
ͽΪһʱ֪˵ʲô߹ȥر߶¿˫۾ֱֱӳŻ, ̫¶ȣܲ, üʲôл˵
ҾȻȫû֣ΪͻȻ󡪡
˵ͳȥ
ͽΪʣΪϲ淨
ϲйˡ
ͽΪֵҾȻһ㶼ûо⡣
ɫӵشͷ, ƺеɥڣϾ㻹ǸС
ʮ, Ǵˡ˵ġ
ССӡ
ԼǴӴһӶСӣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Դ޷ڶĻ⽫ϵĽɫпյ÷⣬ǧٿ, ۾һû
ͽΪ˵㶼ˣҾǴˡ
Ķأ
Ҷŵġ
ƽǸʲô
ͽΪҲǸ޽ԼͦҪģܹŵĵطȽϺá
ǡǧЦⲻͦÿ𣿡
ͽΪûãСһȤ󣬷ôûǧǸۺÿЯıЯҪʲô֪Ķš
ڲ֪½аĵ׿ûǵıαװͽΪһ㿴
ֻһӣܲǧǰϣȻſڴϡ
ƽʱǰҪ಻ж಻飬һԼС˶ͽΪ֪ܶԼжִӡ
ҰŹˣͦµġͽΪ̧ͷ棺һ԰˯˯
ǧû
ǧ٣
Ŷƺ񣬻谵Ĺݵϣ˯ɣҽҪ¡
ͽΪ̴գӴβħ֮£ƻԶϲϱ仯ĻУ̫ԶҲûá
û뵽Լ컹ֻܱǿˣçײС
ü򵥵㡣
ǿݣͽΪ˲ܾñ˾ˡһ룬Դģߴ΢ɲºζ
Ͻȥ˯
ͽΪʵӲԵͣǧƺ⣬ӲĸԣĻ߾ûˣһ˺ðĳһǳͻģsimple is the best
ǧ٣
򵥾õġķ룬ǰ̻Ů͵ѧģäĸûȫͼסһϲġ
ƺЦǡ
ͽΪõˣҽ˵˺һỰν⣬һͿʼ˯
ȫûԴ˵Ļ󣬷ǧپûôӹ
һҹ޻ûʲô쳣
ʷǰʱͽΪѣǧֳڴߣòɢڶŵͷٲߣֻСҪˡ
˵㣬ôһϲòϲǰץס̧ͷǧܿڸ
ͽΪ֪Ͳһ˸£ˡ
š
ֻͷ½а˵һҪǷ˵ĺ֡ٵ
á
ߵֻͷ㲻û˯ɣԺл
ǧݸʲôҪԸģ
ûˡٴһҪˣͽΪ֮ǰˣں棺˵е͵顣
ǧ٣
ص̣ͨѾħӪѲ߲ǵϰǻŹУʿܲһͷҰ
ͽΪվԱ߿һᣬ淿žͱƿ䡣
磬ȴûи˯ѵɢоվñֱü۶һ
ˣˡٲҶȥˡ
Īղŷǧ˵ٲߣֻСҪˡȻǻûζŵ٩ͽΪΪԼϲ˼
ǧٱֲ֪
ˡֱܹ֡ӽ־С
ǡ
ֻǺϵ
⻰䵭ͷǸҿǲܡһСô곤߽ˣʵҲܱŤɡ
ͽΪáԭ򡣡
˵Ż淿Žű򿪣ڵ˶ˡ
źǷ۽ǻŵˮԺ߹ϰ壬ʲô䲻ģڸ˵ϲ
ʲô֣
˵һΣҲǸ϶ϲ
ͱ޽ԭҲΪܶҺֻ̫࣬Ǹ򲹡
ͽΪˬס佣һ˿ߣ㿴ôϵľͺɱ
䲻̫˵ʲôǾ䡰޽ԭΪܶࡱ
ԭȻϲԼģ
ͽΪ
תˡ
죺ˣϰ屻عúˡ
䣺ϲǲϲ
һӺӪ뼯ϵ½аĵ
ħ类֪ͨرζſɱˣɱ˾ζǿԴسԡ˶˷ܣһˡ
ħޱͬ˯һݣȪͶֵ˯ͦ㣬˶˯
ⲻ˯㲻⣬Ǿϵ⣡
ӾȻҪü졭Ϳʼ
ǧʱ٣ͽΪŲ̧ͷȥ
ü򵥣ǳɫϵӣһںгĵ׺ÿ̫ÿˣʵڿ֮󵽵ûСһᡣ
ҵ˲ʺϺħվһ飬˸Զĵطŵ½а
ͽΪҲƤ
գգۣҲ֪˵ʲô֮û˯
ϧܣҲѿ񴫵ϢǧһƳڷµĶ䣬ССĽɫڷ䷢ܿŲߡ
ں˵⻹ϲϣ
䲻⣺ǲͽΪɩɩ𣿡
Ŷһ˲¶˵˻֪ı飬Цԣɩɩ˵ǹϵܺá
һ˹ϵõ˾ҵѣҽҲҪùϵ


54 
Ƭ̺, ½аˡ
ĺӵصû̫յõΨһһҹҲҹȰڵöࡣ
ͽΪûô½аĵ±ʵİһգǡ̫塣
ֻһͷƮɵĺ췢ۡ
ǰɡ
Ӧ, ûһֱӿ˰ɡĻҲҲûá
ÿɷ, ˵˽
һֱ̾ڴɽͷħţǰҹͻơȻ֮ʯˣǾȥڵȡ
ʿħ, ĺӵصײѷ˵ΪԴ, ԿȻľԾͺܸߡ
ϾӪزħ, ﶼž
ôһ, ֮ǰȺ׷ܵħѵôš
ҪûСһ˷ôڣͽΪ²Ѿ½аĿˡ
̲Ѿ𽫾ûҪ˰ɣ
½аĵ˵׼, μϲĻûϹս, ܷɾ衣һٵҹħ˵ʹ, ˵Ҫһ˻ȥ
ʿһ
ˡ
Ȼĸʦ²һ
ħǻϲģʲôʱܻħˣħˡ
ྲ½аĵľ޽һƣȫʹ˵, ֻһ˻ȥ˼Ұش˵ء
ħǴʧЩܻȥ
, ҿ꾳粻, **Ҳú, ô˻, ǡһħţҪǷӡĶܴħţڵҾĶӸʹħ
ħţѪô죿ֻڵ
ֻҪڵԿԳˡ
ޡ
Χ˷ħޣͽΪʵû﹥**͡
ҪǶ, ˼ֱԽзϲ
ޡޡ
ϲѧֻ̧ǿʿй͡
ӾζҪҪζҪħ޴һܣ
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ô죿ΨһһܻħĻᡣ
ԡˡʦ㣬ʦ϶а취
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Ǻðɡ½аĵַųһԲһһǳڳһΪڵվýöһ
﹫һߣǿˣѡɡ
ˣˣʦ϶а취ǣ
ߡǧʳָһ죬˵ȫħ޵һӡ
ˣ

Ϊʲӽ鲻ԽҪȪһѴӺס졣
½аûߵĶԲΪĳӡϣǱǣԷǵҲ֡ҪĲֹħţڵҪ֤ҿδ˵Ķ־ħ˲Ҫõˡˣ
⻰ƽȴһɱѹȸУħǲ׷׵ǣġ
½аĽȥȥ
ʿȥʷǧΪʲôͳͳȪסĿħޣȫȥͷҵĿ˵ôô֡
ʦҲʲô뷨أ侲һû꣬ͽΪѾһǰΪʲô
ʣֻɻ
ǧҶȥħͲòͽʧˣ˵һȫħ޵ġ
Ϊʲô
Ҫ֪Ļ㡣
ȴ߶ӣƳ𾪵ˣ㲻֪ˡ˵תһħޣȻԭ򶼲˵
ͽΪãȻգۣתͷȪ˵ʲôƻɣ̫󲻷˵
ӽһҲ󰡡
죺ҲҲǡ
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Ŷ
˻Ȼһжԭʦ㿼ǵ̫ܵ
ǲʦŬ׷Ѱ
ʦڵ֣ˡ
˻ûħţѾһڱصõ̬ȫ޵еķʦġ
ͽΪת۾ͱħΧķǧ١
ħĿˣħ֯޼ӦҲ˵ԷǧٵӣҲܶĹռʲôˡ
һСӵأϣ£ͬӵһħںͷͽΪջתȥ
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Ҳͷعһʱա
ħţɽа޽˵ճɹͻƣΪôҲ˽𵤵ˮƽˡΣաߵǲܵߣúħһԶ٣ûʤ㡣
ΪҲͽᵤأͽΪʧ˰˳ɵ鵱Ȼ׵ġ
֪
ͬӵħҲ˵Ҫһߣ˵ħţǰȥΪǿһӵȫɱˣȻû˺
ôƻ˭޳˭԰ħ³޳ޱȵ컯ͷ
Ӷ
ϧﲢħ޵ռһ롣
û뵽Եô࣬ث֣ԸղŽŻ˵Ƕ־㣡
ô˳ÚûɽͿʼڧһӵħЦ

ӶҪͬһ·ɽײһ˫˭ҲԸòſڣһҪ
Ǵޣ͵Ӵó棬ǧڱϣȻ˫ֲµķΧǰ
ħ޶ˣﰡ㣡
ºͷҵĹ˵
㣿ħǺɶһۣ㲻ûɱһԱɣ
ħ˵ĿˣҸ𣿡
޷߰ɣһǧٵ
һ´һķΧɢֹŲߡ
ͽΪе⣬ͷ˵ʲôˣɡ
˺ŶԷǧٵ˵ɩɩ
⻰йͻҲⳡϸýġ
ǧô꣬޴ཻ̫֪Զ޶ȱͷǡʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô¡ֻţҼȻ˵ޣҲúкԷģħǰҶһȫҵʹ
ǧٳĬЦЦȻأ
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šȻûϸ룬ֻŵúͽΪɩɩһѡ
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ǧٵȻĿһϣǱͬ顣
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ǺصһСӣͽΪǧ˵ʲôղŷǧٵĻ滺Ȼ֪֣ͽΪɩɩǸˡ
ͽΪ㿴˭Ǹǰɣ
ǧٵȻǸĺˡӹɡ
ϴɽ󣬺һεǽڣͷȻͬɷϢѹͷϣʲôھﲻǵĵ̡
ççֺ;ľϧͳͳݻƷڣʧȥٲȻһƬԺͷƬ֮ء
ħţɽĳѨɽ߰ɡǴĵطɣ޵ע⣬أһ䡣
ղǸͷħʣô˽⣿ûϹɽ𣿡
֪Լĸħ޵ģһ㶾ûػöæϣǸղѾˡ
Ӵǻͦ¡
ǵȻˣܻصħ˽£˭Ƶطš֮̫ˡ
俴Ŷͺħ޴һƬ̾ʵħްɣ
ȷʵߵѪֻΪ罻ߵÿ¡
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ղſСӵħ޴һɽɽҲҪȥɽ͸ǰһɽ·ײϡ
ͷħͻǰк˼ӿŲ
ӽӳģʦûӦò⸽
ȷʵ֡
ûоǰħ޵Ķ
Ҳ㡣⸽Ĵ
δ䣬쾪еͷͼһֻݵ֮䡣
ڹĿֲɺ죬ȻΪŰ߶ŭ
ݵٶܹܲɱ˰ɡϵ
û°ɣȪһߴ
ͽΪ鷳γȥȪǱߺͶһ޵ʽᱻħ޿취ǣ
á֪ΪͣģҪ
˵һ˹ȥקס죺æͽΪԸġ
֪ذףȻϰǾû취ˡ
ݵڴҲʵһ࣬ħûչ˼׷׳ȥ
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ͽΪսپķһñȻֻ˦רݵ޿ӵķ϶￳
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β˦ųٶȺܿ죬첻ͽΪ۾תڽ棬ֱӽβһΪ
ǶһȴȻͣסֱдһۿӲľβҪ䵽ŽҸϡãһֻ쵽Ա߳ץס
Ӧ߬ס֣һ죬ղվĵطѱһݡ
ڣеذƻһһݵϵױ䣬ħһϣǲվˡ
û°ɣü
ͽΪûˣĽڵأԼ滹ЩûˣҰ˳ûˣѹ֡
ûˣ䲻֪£ô˵Ҫ֪Ҿˡ
һμʱɷҪһȴڵĬĬͷ
ͽΪʵֻڸӦڻָ˶ϾϵһħţԼҪȡĶԲߡ俴ſţȴΪˡįɥ
һξǰıӰȥʮֵûϵޣһᱣġ
һ˵޽̫Ҳ˵˽̵ЩǼǵø
ڽűߣСݸ
˵ҪΪΪ
ͽΪһۡ
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ǱҲˣħǰ˽𵤣缢ƿʵطʳŶݵ̺ħѪ⣬˷ֱֱ࣬ӡ
ûޣƽµִɽ
˹ˣǰأÚͷϻմŶݵ޵ѪǵôãǾȻû׷
ǲ𣬸Ͻħţɱ˻ȥ
ٹþǹ˰ɣħܴո֡

ħţĳѨԽԽˣͽΪʶ죺䲻ǺܺûǧǵĽŲ
ΪԼʧȥ˰˳ŵ¸֪½
ҡͷ᲻ǰЩħްסˣ
Ҿ˵ʦа취ǵġʿʦ㣬׾û¡
˵ţͽΪͣ½ŲħҲͳ
޴ĳѨһͷСɽǰߵĽħţɫɢܣգڵǵ
֪̰ᣬȡڵ
ｫɱҲ֪ħ񲻻ҲҪԱһʩ䣿
ħţǰǰһ̤ضɽҡͽΪϴС
ϧûˡҲûø߹ħţһΪǵ
ħħ񣬼Цһֵֻħˣ
ȻûսǾںȵȡͽΪҰڵȡ˵Ҳħ޵Ĺơ
ڵħţʵԶǿؿɾͲղǰ˳ͽΪ;ν룬ǸԼȥпܻϺȡ
ҪǰΪ˳һԼ϶߶ʮһͳȥˡ
ûͷúø߷ǧ٣Լ졣
ڣ֪ȥãִɽϢڼսУ˵£㱻ɢɽҵζѿ϶ľԵڵϣҰ
عʱǰħţ˻ŵµ壬ͺͺһƬ
ħţάŴɽϵ̬ˣɽָģ
ħʵսһ˲û˾ͰѪѰڵ
Ҳ˵ˣһȳһջпħʵս㣬Ȼе㼬֡
ֱ񣬷ǧǰ˻ûĲ˵˾ࡣ
һ٣Ϊѹץסĸ첲ʧȥֻʱģĺǿҡ
û꣬ǰͷħȺȻһʹС
ڵ˻ںţҲԱߣħǱûڡ
̧ͷͷƺһ˲֮䱻ʲôеһء
ǧվлմѪĽ𵤣һħںЦлɱħţǾˡ
Ú⧲͵ϮѪŭǴĶðģ
һֱԱߵŰʲô벶ȸں󰡣ǷҵĹӴ
㡢㡢㣬ˣȥһܣ
·ͻȻû˷ӦµڵӸͳͳԭء
ʲô
ʦ㲻ǰǼħȥ
ס
ΪʲôڷҪ߽һ
ֲ̫࣬ҹȻغʦ㣬ֻܴһֱ㶿
ͽΪȪһǰȿڣʲôܴ󣬴ʡǧٿý𵤰ܸʲô

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ͽΪüɫԽԽڵ͡
ǧʲôû˵ɨֻץͽΪ֣תˡʣµôжûͷ
ħţ𵤵ͽΪһӿνȫܡ
Ǹ״ֲ֣ܳ˵Ƕ𾴵ʦ֡
ʱÿ˴ͷɥӽСϱʦ㡭Ϊʦ϶취ǣΪʲô
ȪֹۣʦȻû˵϶뷨
ⲻΨһһȥħĻ
ǧһ㣬Ǿʧȥˡ
˻ҰܵıħǸףֱȥҪɱһ
䲻̫ˡ
ħ޹ЦɣһﻹǸħôǰαһ
֪˵죬ֻԼǰˣͽΪɩɩɶˡ
ⳡĽ⣬Ƿǧһӵʤħ⻶ϲԻħӪصϸڡ
ͽΪ̱ﻳҰοʿŤͷȥҷǧ١
Ѿţӱ͵ƿһһεǰ˾ͱϡ
ڵķһɢһӣϵĵƺͱʲȫͽΪ³ػȥ
ǧٿϷˣڻ谵Ҳڵøú̿һ۾дˡҲִĴ֡
ΪʲôͽΪ˵ΨһĻ𣿡
½ϣͽΪϥǵأӸµؿó̶еġ
Цһص²Ϊʲô
£
µõõ
ͽΪڵð۾Ц˵͸ݺȥһֱֻӰ·
·ǧЦˣͽΪֻúܣ˵ʲôס֡ͽΪûͷƵǰ˼ѣһֻץϥǿ̧
û˰˳Ǵó档ù
ǧپڷҲˣͽΪһͷ۸̫ǿӲ飬վеܲˣļ򣬺˼Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ͣˡ
ͽͽΪ
˸ѩ׵ĲһƬɿڡ
ǧؿϸϸشӯһ;üξؿֱӣ±Ҳ߳ܣֱۣſ
ͽΪʣҪҺúýˣ
áεҸͣ𣿡
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֪ҪҪۡ
ⶼĴȲҽ͵ġ
Դ޷ڼձһҡһΣöҲ֡
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ԡ½аֻɱ¾Ĺ֣ܱȷǳɾͷӺƭЩǰͱ˼ٽ𵤣·Ѿˡ
ǧĵһ㡣Ҿǰ˲Ҳô⡮ҵˡ
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ҵʲôʱ򣿡˼ü𣿡
Ե䵭ֲ棬ͽΪȴ֪ôΪǺã˭÷ǧǸˡ
ǧȴʶЦҿ䲻ʡ
ƺ̸⣬ݲ˵˼ʹסˡ
ٻħѡǾңһȥ˳¡ܹħĿúܣ½аĲ᲻Ӧ
Ͱʲô¶˵ġ
Ҫ˵ֲǲ㡣ͽΪ
֪ԭԺǵ类ѱεŭҲɢ˸ɾе㲻ԼЩ
컹ͬһȫʱԼ˵
ѵҾôסϡ
ǧٺûڰοޱһᣬƿ߶컨壬ðΣ֪ʲôţҵ£ԺǺҪԲû˵
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ʲôвҪͽΪع񣬺Ī
ۡ
ʲô
֮ǰ˵С޵ҪԷܹõĵطáˡǧٵȻһƫڰﲻֻееƣ˼ĶҪ𡣡
ͽΪڼס
þûػǧѹƤЩɫǽǿֻѾеֲ˭Ǻˡ
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ȵºͽĺڹּžԵøҲơúܿ죬ԽԽ졣
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֮෴ȴܻ
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û𻰣ֵ˵ۺҪ˼ǸҪô㶮ҵ˼ɣ
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žͲ˵ˣǰ챧ʲô˸ʲô
Զ࣬ǣҲҪȥ
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˼·
ʲôΪ𣿡ͽΪʡ
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ʲôҪ𣿡
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ͽΪžˣ˵ҪǣΪʧҲᣬϲһͷ롣
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ǧػأãžŰɡ˲ŲʽϵС¡
Ǹղ˭ǼįǲǾö۲Ҫ
ͽΪҪһߡܲҴĻҾͲ
ʷܽƻ㡣
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ˡˡ
ȥɡٶһᣬС޲Ҫżˣ
ͽΪͷʲôӻַȥ
ڳ׾ָֻЩ塣
ǧٷ´ȥشϱͽΪȳЬӡĵȻе͵顣
ǸһСԼġ


55 
ͽΪڶͰѷǧĶ۴ˡ
Ҫ, һ޷ˣΨߵ޷õǿɫԵúܻۡ
ǧ峿һ, ͽΪʹյǰôÿ
üĶ۵Ȼÿ
СһҪһͱˡȻ˶Ǹƭӡ
ӽϸ˵Ǹʦضȳһ۾ͷǧٵͬʣĶģ
ͽΪеҫ˼ɩɩҵ񡣡
, С۷ǧ, ֹʦĸҲ̫˰ɣ
ΪмǸý顱ĶԶûˣ׽СӺɩɩʵ
÷ʦ㵹ù, δˣȡ, ȴùʵûʲôϵδá
⻻˭˭Ӧ, Ҳʦơ
ɩɩҹϵȻõúܡͽΪһ, ץסǧٵ֣ǰŮ˻ôϵǣǣ˭Ҳ֡
ǰ, ɩɩҪʷǧ١
ȻĳƺǰĶܲ, ͽΪĻ·ζû֣Ʋ߲
½аķԸĲ
˵ħʹѾħ, վҪӪء֮ǰ½аĲʹħɢиģҪǿǵѵ
Ǹһķֶ, Ķ޽𵤱˴ɽһؾıء
½аǰµģؾڶ׺޺ҪĻأҲŲ
ǧٵ£ʿ£켯ʱÿ˿ɻģû˸ǰʸף类ʼ
ͽΪѾ˵ԭµƽȻͷǧپ
ϰ壬ô磿ʱ٣һǰͽΪôˣָ˼ˣ
ͽΪĳɰɣ̽ؾ´ࡣ
Ǹģ֪Ϊӡ۵ףڳǿҽ첻뿪ˡһᱣ㵽׵ġ
ͽΪ˵˭Ҫ㱣һԽҪһν޵Ļ򡱣ͷԵķǧ˵Ťͷߡ
һǧͷҲûأҪĳˣǾԴؾıߡ
ͽΪ
ۣʦȻ
ΪʲôΪʲôʦ㲻ðǵ𣿡
ʦΪͬǿΪ˾ͷǳֲ¡
ͽΪνؾûȤǧҪô˵ǿõľƢһӾͱ׼ˡ
ʲôʦ㲻ǣӳ𡣡ͽΪۿˣرڱصá
ȪҿղŻûʲôȤģ
½аһºѭľ·ٴɽ
ͽΪڣǿһЩ־һοԼǧٴ˾ٿ϶пԺԭ
˵һرʦøأ
ϣ룬ʿǷɢѰؾڡ
ڼ䣬ĴǰĳŵĶ͸ĶӰ룬಻ʮס
ͽΪȥǱߣɢұȽϿ졣
գۣҪ߿ͽΪΣô죿
ΣҲܽ
ǰȻܣʱڡ˳˵ˣ޵ʧְҼȻˣǾҪá
Ǳ֡
дƵ׼һ䡣
ͽΪ̫֮⻰䶼Ҫӣüȥˡ
Сһʿ;ֶǶԲѡħȱѵ˵컯Ľ֪Զʿ
ܿ죬ȪǱ߷˶ߣǽйȥ
ָǰһɵĹ㣺߶ԣǿ㣬ñʱ˱¡
һӴ㱻ռŤʱѾһĹѨһĳ
İĵƻ𡢰߲߰ʯǽ޻ʻζĸͷ
ɾ½аõؾ
Ҳ̫СˡӽЦ޽֪ǰǱ̬ؾʲô
ȷʵȪͷӦûܼ򵥡Ǽӽʱƽɣڡڷʦ֮ǰҵر˵һ½аĶǵۡ
֮һ·ն˻ػüޣЩԣڵ˵Լ½аǿ°ɱȥһɵ½аħ
һúñλߡ
޵Ůſžס½ǣȻԱߵȪνɵ
רְϷƻġÿ걻¶ǵʿûʮҲжʮ
㶣ͷҵȻ֪
Ҳֻֻ֪Ӱһûô⻹һμ涫
鱪Ķִ̼棬ӿɵغ
ԱߵͽΪһۣΪǾԼȻףڽְͣϷñҡǡ̫ˡ
ŶͽΪ޹ġ
ֵ޾˵ûŮ̬Ҳû취¡
š
ԣҸղǷӦ֮顣һָԱߵĶ죺üͷûһµĲŲ֮ǰȪ˵Ҫ˵ʵͲˡ
죺
ԽԽңҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵ô࣬ǲ˿˱ɡѾȫˣĵΪһ֮Ľȴڡ
֪ͽΪǰ·ƯĶ˭ϲȻҲˡ
һ٣ŶղŻЩ֪ΪΪ⻰滺
ȻͽΪǸˡ
һ
ʱ˵ؾ㿴װرϻӴӻþ֡Ĺâǣÿ˵ߡ
ӽǰҪһ룬ʯǽȻʧԱǸٶر˳㻹ӽһš
⧲ˤڵأ̧ͷͼħǴӵмķǧ١
رħ޽Ҳص˵࣬˵ؾľشͷ󣬿ȫˡ
ʦ﹫ӣȪȻҧͷĿڡ
ǵȻ֪ؾһ·ִķ󣬵½аǵӵħޣҲ֪ʶҪǣǻŷǧٵһǡ
Ͼʦûɵħޣ
·ͻȻ˶סˣκϴλһεĵȷȷһ
ǶħǱһǶӾͨؾˡ
ͷӬһģرǶ£ˡǧٵ˵꣬ĿɨͽΪվԵ䣬֪ȴԲ񣬵˻Զ
εĹ;ձ컹Ҫԡû˵һֹ۵Ȫü졣
Ψŭ֪ղŻǴһܡ
ͽΪɩɩȻʲôˡ
Ҳ򲻹ѽʦֵܶģ
ͽΪǰ棬Ųܿ졣֪ǧôԭԸû˵ʲô
ӱղǾ䡰˻Զˡ
ǲ
Ѿ˵˲ò
һϣ˻ڱίؿޣַǧٵˣǿڴס
˵˭ǴˣɩɩкСµã
ǧٱǵôϢǲɿڣͽΪǵ㲻أ׵ԽݣԽǾúЦסĲӣȴֽ·û顣
ǰ̬ôߣȴֻ۾ŵߣǲλߵƤë·һ˸ɾ
ͽΪò൱鱻ȡˣǵ㲻Ҳûˡ
Ҳ㵱ȻҲԼεġ
ǧٵû뵽˵ġ㡱ǻģЦɲԡĳСçײͷֲƵӿɲһ
˵ҲǸˡ
˵˵֮֡
ʣµĻӶǵú飬Ͳҧˣɼôһ㲻
ڷǧȸص̲֫ס̡֮ǰ˵ᣬͽΪе·ʼɣ÷ǧֻź˵ҪˣȫȻû˸ղǹ̬ͽΪ⣬ա
ÿɰ
㡭ٽһΡԡ
ռƵһһѹϣݷ
ӿĸоʶصƳΥشߴһð
ͽΪ״գգۣٵͷʱͱˣǧѹiüңҡ
Լ
ջȥ
ⷿûٷǳʱУľ͹Ʋ̫סˡħ޵Ķ䶼úܡ
ǹѹŵͺ㲻Ǻܻ᣿ͽΪ˵
յ÷ǧַۣ֡
ħʹŵ½аĶճ
֧壬ΪָЩҲôҲˣƵԭ򣬷ֻǳֹ
Сû˾ɥ緢¶͸һѰķϱơ
붼롣Ц˵һ顣


56 
Ը, ͽΪֻðѻƳջȥ˵°ͼֺݺڲйߡ
ʲôʱſԣȥħͿˣ
ǧģҿǿǡ
⻹
Ҳ֪СƤ
Ȼǰ, Ļ
ֱֻ۱ֱϸ, ڻ谵ĹҲӨ׵ú͸, ĳְĴ
ǧѹ͵ɤ̺ĳħ
ͽΪһʱΪʲôʣžһҧȥ
ûԲƤ, ǧЦ
˲ǽƻĴ, Ѿ֪Ҫôͷþյİ취
ͽΪһһ룬һ޳
ڶĲ֮ǰ, һ, Ȼûʲôս**һξͲǱһôƾе
ǧһӶرʱؾŶûȥ
ͽΪʱ͸˵, Ҫǧٵ, æӮر
ϧ⻰ʿǻָ־
ʦԭ, Ҳͷƻƻɡ
ѵǱʦ㵱ˣȥħ, Ҫˣ
֪Ҳ֪ʦʲô
нٶ, 类ͬӵħ, һվؾſҲû̽**
ͽΪе󣺡ûʦǾ߲·ôģ
걾ûһǺùģ˭֪һľȻȪ
綼ûһ, ͽΪŷü, дŭ, ƽʱֺܲ
֪ʦΪʲôô϶һ·ıʧˡѾٺκǣҲþͿ, ̽ħ֮
ǻʲôҧһر߽ˣ
⻹Ȫ˵һ˵ôɥĻʹԴϥű걻˲һžٳŲӵֲ
ʿһ٣û˳
ͽΪǧ˵ֲ㣬ܲܡԼ
ʦʲôʱ򷸹òУǾͿ϶а
Ȫ˵꣬ؾŲǷǧٺһħ޴߳ĵɫâЩۣؾر
˽ԭһߵǰˣǧҲûк˵һ仰˼û
ۿҪӽĵں׷ʣ϶ʲôƻĶ԰ɣ
⻰ЩֳϣǧûͷЦ£ʲôƻ

Զȥ
ȥԺͽΪϷǧ٣մ½аĵȥ
ħ֮ǰǱҪ״̬ĺ𣿡ʡ
ܱҲԺٸͷӬһײáôˣȻᱻֿڵħҲȥ
ͽΪһ룬
ǧٿⲻܣȪʲôˣֻʣԼ
ɻǾ仰ͽΪû쵼ҲûܹˣҪѪȥڵݽһȼ־ʵܡ
һħ޽ȥڵĵطԼҲҪͷǧٷֿ
ʱҲ˵顣
ǷǧԴһĪĵİȫУڣƺ鷳ӭж⡣
˽ħҲ˽ңǧٵĹȥҪǺֿʱøʲôһôҲе벻ס
ſԹڲ
ԼҲ֮ݺŷǧҲ˵
ϲͽΪǾ䡰ҿԲֿ𡱵ĻߣǱȥ
ħʹһ峿ִӪعؿǰ
յĺӵصףķĴħ޾Żѣʹ³
ħ޳ֻ۾ֱ࣬ǰһգһգģ˰ü
½аĺʺ˼䣬ʹ̬Ĵƺνսġ޽˵ֻ׼ɶʮħ޻ȥʱĿһɵҲ֪ھʲôﵷǵѪѲǧҲˡţ֮
ϧҲĿϧǧǷ֮ȴǸزб顣ѹַҼִҪڵ
˵ý׽¯ⲻһ𵤸㣿ӵЦ츳죬ħҲϲϧ϶Ȱ
ͽΪԱţӰɫ˼֡ǷǧٱûʲôӦĸû꣬ʱڣʱˣǾ߰ɣ
½аĵͷȻ顣
⼸ˡָָҪʹȥѡټǱߵġ
Ǿ˷ҹһҿţԴȥħԼν
ԭĻ䣬ΪҪԶħӪأͻȻѡУͷһԭء
ʹУħֹͣԽɽɹȥ
ӳӽ˼
Ȫ۷ǧ٣ʦû߿ǵϣգ½аͻȻ°ɡ
ǰ½аĺ˵𣬷ǧٵͷǺ̧ͷʱȴѾǰץס
Ϣٶȼ졣
ǧ治ɫ
½аĴӺ췢̧۾ͽΪں棬һοò
ж٣һˡһ۾ǧٶӣܿſֵðˣҹӡ
ǧٵͦð
Ĭ˵׿⣬ֱ鳵ϰնûֱ
ˣͽΪԱߵʡ
֮С
ǧٵϾǸΪķҺᡣղ̽ҵ磬һֶֻյˡ
Ҫǰڲ½аĿ϶֡
ûˣǸ
˵ǧپٶܹ֣ΪʲôͻȻҪΪʲôɢһֹΪ֮Ϣ

̺Ȼ¶ǵŲǽǲ
ǧЦԷǣôˣ
ҸоԼһףҡX䵭ҧһ䡣
Ͼϸһ룬ȥʮǴΣҲܶΣһҲ촭ӿɰòУӦֻеһΡ
˵ҪȥǴΡ
Ƴ۷ǧ٣ѾһᣬһƵģҲûο䡣
ϲĸò᲻ԼǾɣ
Ϊ˾ŻзӦ
˼
ҸʲôߵİǧٵҲ˵һͽ˵㲻ˣ
СӻͦС
У
Ҫ㽱
ʲô
첻Ǹ˵ħ޽ȥ𡣡εǸŮħޣ԰ΪŮȥ
ͽΪһ㶣û뵽Щ
Ϊʲô㲻ҷֿ
˼άйСӣЦ˵أ
˵͸оǰ̶βҲ֧ˣƫƫϲԣǻࡣ
еɰ
ǧĬĬ롣
ҹʱ֣˵ִħ
˴ĺӵصΨһӵĵطĴ½ϣεһΰȺվڽѹȸмǿһɷǿħϮ
аڵ⣬ɫһ˲ĻҰɫ
ߵĲţħһƫСš
ɽأͽΪһ˵ڲԡ
³һۿǧ٣ôô٣˵;޲סˣ
֮ǰߵˣϺͷǧ˵ġ
˴һۣ۾ϸй࣬˵Ǻ飺ǶҵûŪɣ
ǧףһСҡ
һѶۣǽǴЦɫȴܸӣǧٰǧ٣㵱ִͶԶ޽ô䵽³Ҷ
ںͽ𵤶ԻʧһСʱ̧ͷˣȥһ磬һˡ
ǧٽסħ޾ңߵŮ𣿡
㣬¡
ҵ˶ͬˣʹҲûʲô˵ġˣֻΧɵѲߵ£ħҪνǣǿԽ͡
ȪǧֻͽΪһˣɫû֨
ֻ䲻ͬⰲţҲҪһȥ
ͽΪ졣ȴ룬ͽΪɩɩ⼸ֹħޣʲôıˣͽΪһҲȫ
ʹ˵Ҳ˷ҵĹӣҲ𣿡
Ǳ֮ôαװǵ߰ĿҲ鲻Խ
ʹɫݣüͷšǧٵҵνʹ˾أ
ҪһӣӱȻûʲôħ˵Ĺ͡
ǧ٣ллʹ
һ㶣䲻񣺡лл
ʵϵúܡ
ʹߺ󣬸ħȥȥĵط
һ·ϣǧٲ˵ڣͽΪҲ֪˵ʲôһʱ΢İ
źʯţҹգ˺һ·Ů쵽֮ǰס
ɱȶμҵĿͷҪݻöࡣ
ְǸĿأʹǰӡᱻεĽ絯
סͽΪҲܷǧٻں˵Ǹʲôٻҡķӡסǵ
һһʱȥ㡣
˵꣬תȥ
Ϊ뿪һʱ䣬ͻȻڵ̷˻ûϸڣټԺڴʱֻʣͽΪͷǧˡ
ԸղǸ˭ҵģ󴩹ϹĻԣ޵С
ǧû
ǧ٣
ŶӦͷ˽аһǷҵļʿλһܼӡ
ղŵĿΪʲôоȥԨԴ
ͽΪû⻰˵ڡ
һ޵͸ůζӦÿɨܶҾ߻ոոµûҡ
İζ
ͽΪڲһѾ˵еʵСһ±ǲˣֻܽҪôҪô
ǧٵ磬ȥ֮Ŀ
ͽΪʣҸҲǰɣ
Ƴסɱһ˾ĶĲ죿
ͽΪüһûǵز⻰øֻ˵
ǧûǻ
òס˵ĵúܣûȡůķʯվһɫе΢ףͽΪ߹ȥһ֣ȻúܡֹֻŸȡůǧǲϲɹߣ
Ըģ㡣
ֻҹƸ䡣
Լ£Ͳø
ôش𣬺һҲ⣬ǧ򴽣ץˡ
ͽΪŵʵڵŸãʱղɿΪʲôûָʲôµʱû
ǳԹԵһֽͣҲܷǧô˵ҶģΪҡ
ǧ٩Сԭô󣿡
𣿡
Ҳве⡣
ˡ
ͽΪԼϹǷȡůǧܶԤ侲쳣
һֱԽӽңԽп֪Щ¡
Ҳá
ͯʱԼ̫õĻ룬ЩһҪơʱҪģԴηӦˡ
ôˣͽΪ
ҡͷˣ㲻ۣ˯
Һһ¡
ȥСޣô죿
ôܶйˡ
ҲȷʵеҪ佻ǧѾ߽ңһŴһǵñȺԼ˯תȥ


57 
ӡ, ԿɽȪͶפΧʲôµĻһѡ
Ͼħĵ, ֹ򣬻и, þá
¸˵, 嶯¡
Ȱħ͸ˣ˵Ҫħ񸴳Ҳ١
ǵȻˡ̧򢣺ͽΪֲǺжˣ, зվħһͷֻƾҵûǡ
Ȼȱ, ؼʱ̻㿿ס
ͽΪʱŷǶһֳʯҹﷴһܵĹ⣬̧ͷϿ, Ӷ˾Ȼ˵ʬ塣컯沿Ť֫һ, û
˳Ŀ⿴ȥħӪʱ, ǲħЩǡ
ץʿ, ѪڵһɾħĴ
ЩӸ鼸׾һ, ÿʿı鶼ʮ, ȻѾˣֿҹǵ˻ϸһ, ˵׼ҵͽΪĶμʿ
䣬飬ǸСĽ, ³ҲǱЩ֮һ
עǰͽΪ
˫۾Ͳȴʱ¶εı顣Ȼ֪ǰʲôһһСٳɳ¹ʡ
ԹԲ˺ֻֻ֣֮ܶ࣬ǰʧȥˤڵص֡
ǿȴֺʮִ
ϾֻǸʮ߰Ĺ
ֻܱе޽Լ
ʹģһֳ嶯Ҫȥץס֮ǰԱ߹ľԺȻ졣
ͽΪס˭
еľǰһӰ
𡢱֣Ҳǻˣ
Ů֪ĶģԴͷзΪǶ֦Ҷģһ̧ͷһ˫ƯļˮͰ͵ԳĵҼɱľɢ
ܲǻħֵ
ͽΪŽ˭Ƿҿ˵޵
ԲԲĲֻ֪׷ҵĳһֻͣСŵŵһ·׷ģ֪ǵ޵ԲѽҲǻˣ֡
ŮͿ̫࣬޹ɫ١ͽΪҲħ̵һͿˣſֵ˭
ңֻǸŮѡأ
ҲŮ
𣿿֮ǰû㡣Ů㶯֣ȹڵĳ˵ҵĹӻˣѵǸһģ
ͽΪͷŮһЦȻ˹ץ˫֣䣺̫ˣ㿴ҲˡԺָ
ŮҲû˵Լ֡ʱͻȻʱҲææֻ˵ԼҪȥչˣĳСһˡ
ظ˿
ͽΪϲͣ
ôܣɫǺ죬ܲ˵ԼʵóŮӴ򽻵ǣǿħޣе֡
ȷʵ
ֻһ޹ؽҪĲкصڡ
ա
ɫˡ
ͽΪͷǧҪȥҼ
¹׻ոµۣһӸͽΪϡ
ͽΪһμеķҼ߳ʱ黹ء
ǧٵֻҪںվűˡ
һʶƱͻȻô죿
ʯүӲ飺Ҷμ޵Ѫ죬ܿҵı
ǧѾѩ׵ŵɫİƣ֮ˣ¸ĵһÿͽΪѩԭŵĻ
ʲôҪķ֣ɱҲҡԳû·
˭·Ц
ǧӵǣˣ㵨Ӵúܡ
٩Ӳϴ˯еǿӡӳ£ǧٽ·ֻѡʵģ̺ΣǵȻ
޵ڵĵطԶһžŮǣһ·ţִһɭϴǰ
ſ·ͽΪʱ˿Ȼȥʯүӵ˵ɣûƭ㡣
һͨ·ߵͷʱ޴黺ϳصط֨ѽ졣
ƵĵƹӳǰϵӰͽΪͣ½ŲǧʱĦ춯
׵˵ǧٵĽ𵤣һҿˡ㵹Щô
һԵİһһ
ǡǧϸģʲôҪģ
ħúЪŰɣȻ㡣̬䵭ԶӵĿǣŽ𵤣֪ﵷǵΪʲôҪѡһðƻ
ǧٵһһ¡
ʲôָʲôˣ
΢̵βƳͽΪһۡĪ˼
ʲôǲԼģ
ü˸ת˳
ٴκ£ǧٲŵʣڶμңʲô㣿
ЦŶ˵ţ̰ķŮˣúһҲ١ħɱɱһֻһ򵥡㿴μѪôҲվȲǷңǸŮǸ
ŰɣϷſʼ

ͽΪϳվڵһᣬǲǧٳ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԼ¡
ٹվǹ˰ɡħ˴Ľʲôʱ򣿡
Ҳ÷ų˰ɣֲǹĴ
ѽǸŵ˹ƻ˹
ԱߵŮģΪԶʵȫͽΪ
ôòһʣһë׵İɫӰӴһ̧ͷͷһֻСӹľ˳
ǸŮ׷ϵĳ
Ůһеŵŵôܳˣ
㡢ȥץ
аء
㡢Ǳߵ㣡ŮָͽΪȥ޴סȻÿġ
СǵĻŤͷܡ
ͽΪһ﹫ӳ˵һϻ׷Сȥ
ëӸ߱ڻˮƯͽΪҪץסȻеѡ
;Ϳʼ·ֻźӿһ粽סʱѾȫİķ羰С
Ķ
ͷһʱ·Ҳʮİ
СͣȻµأ˳ʯӽǰĵС
ͽΪ߽ȥ
һݻĴȸղŷҼڵĴҪüԽߣԽãǽϵķȾƻ棬յõƻֲͨʵĺӵص׵һ֡
Сɱڣ˽ŮߴߴڿԼһžһ·׷ϺòҡŮЦ壬ſͣ½ŲͽΪ
һγӣû޹Ĺԡ
ͷڷ뱦ʯȹѩ׵ʯש̳һ˻ƵĻȡ
ⲻôŮ
ͽΪҲ⣬Ͼʼ;˹Ź֡
ЩŮϴ컯µۼΨŮʲôûСɾúħħһ㡣
лл㣬ŵŵúܺáŮСͷߡ
ϢƣװͽΪѾǸĿ
ҪҪν֮˼ŮѾǰ
̱ǵܣ˫èһ΢΢̧ͽΪúܸߣòӣһǶȣȴ·磬·Ҫ֮һ
ˣһ·ˡ
ղŽʱͿſн磬Լȴͨ裬ֻһֿܣŮġ
㵽˭ʲô
Ůʣ˭أ
ĵȣͽΪ࣬ƽһΪڵ汾ڽ첻νܴŮȫˣȥһ롪
װôְ·Ӱ
˵쳹ڡ
ܶ졣
òٶ졣ͽΪ˽ʮ
ȥսԭأŮͷҴһȥյġ
˲ÿζô˵ⶼڼˣգ㵱ͣ
һֻŮȹһְֻűߣһ̽ߺ̧ͷʱͽΪɫ۾Ŀӣ׿
ʹǰûκβͬ
üǷʵﻰⶼǿݣںʹǰ̫ƣûκα仯ͽΪǿҵʱС
촽Ϊôҵˣ˿̾Ȼô׵سǰЩ֪ηӦ׼ȫûС
룺ôܣ
۾ָͺСã
һٵشűǰͽΪ˸Զ§ܣ˼ٵģСãôһȥ֣һĸ첲æңȷǲǸˡ
ŮԱЦȻ㳣˵Ǹðɣ
װôģ԰ͽΪڶμô
˵ҹӴǱ߰»ȥ˭֪ͿϾԶ㳤ú˿Ʋҿһ۾ϳˡллطꣿ
лǿлҲҶ·ĽڡԶ죬൱׽
̫󣬱ʵе̫ͽΪһƴ˿ȱĸоѣͻ̬񣺡ԣб
ҿɲáŮû˿ħѪǰαװ
ôһ˵ͽΪĲҲ˵ءȻ˲ͨħޡ
ԶǸСýˡװħŮ
װħŮ˰ɣ϶ͲµݣûбҪܵģ
һ㶣ӡ
ۿɼһ΢죬ԽԽ죬ֱֱ쵽
ܡǽʲô
˵أװݾܾطʡ
촽˶ֶ˶ĿİСøӽһСãǡǸɩɩǡ
ʲôйң
ͽΪûװתͷ˸û˸ղŵĹԣЦĵƻԵòޣͽΪ԰ɣҾ㰢㣬ˡӭħ


58 
, ȵȡ
, ʯʱȻ˽ס
ǧٻףһϴӺ׷㡣ô
̷ҶʿܷӣԵλһʿߡ
ʵ, Ѫ, ǴӷּҽӻϥµģͲǸүȻ̸𾴡
ֱҲ·﷢ŭ
ҷŭ, ϶һ
ȥǰ˵ҲƣԹǰ, еһͣ¡
ʲô£ǧʡ
Ҳʲô¡ɫ΢µǣɱǧȡڵʱ, ûж˵ʲô
˵ʲôָʲô
ǡڵ𣿡
ڣ
ǧٵ
, ҵأǰأû𣿡
˵һ֣Ѳ֧֧ɫβ̧, ҪԷһ׷ʵû˵ڵܾҵ£
ǧٻһл, 㷭ҳһƬ챻ļ䡣
˵, ôһ¡
˵ĿԼϣŹκζƵģЦֹˮûСʲôû˵
ôܡ
ɲ޹أʵţԼȥǧٵڵ
ղڵڣͽǿŴħţڰĽ𵤽һ, ͷȥһħĴ¯ǧٵĽ𵤵ֽܷʲôġ
ˣԽﵷǶɣǷֽȻ޽С˫ʲô
һʵ顣
СôУһ̵Ž𵤣аšôԶ
ѵýȥɣΪһǧʱļ䣿
Ц
ûСûִŵֵزҲ֪ǰʲô
ɡ
ҧгݷ·ʲôǧһƤǷǧΨһҲһĶˡ
⻰·аһҪֱǧٱӰԶȥԭء
֮ǰ·ļŮѾȥһʱûˣʣǸŮأ
ŶŮƺǵȵģģ֪׷ʲôԶˡӲȻذɣ˵һԼ
ħ֣⻰ǧپ͵죬ŵĲɵӡ
ϺͿûд򶷵ĺۼҲʲô£Ҳʮ겻СˣԼִ磬Ȼ뿪ĺӵصףûʣ·

ͽΪ֮ǰڵ⣬ǰŮʱħĽ¡
ʵûĽ
װһ֮ǰ̬ȣƵػӭ£ʹԶȥ˱ĺӵص׵ƻ衣
ͽΪͷһ֪ԭ£ɫ˰ģ˸ож
õڱůĻΧڸǶŷʯº֫ů
ôСãݵúðɡ㲻ÿ䰢ҡ
ͽΪ˿ڣȷʵûйζۿкأûзǧݵĺúȡ
˵һ²ܾǰñطꡢڴ׸磬⻰ȥˡ
úȡ
㿴Ҿ˵ҽˣŤͷ͸װҫ
ǲˮѽⶼ
˵ݵòãҪ֮ǰ˵ȣҸѧⶫüͷ̧֣ÿָ϶żһ˵ĺӡ
ڽĵҪ죬ʱȷʵֱš
ŽһЩռǰûһĸȥ
ŮǾú·ʱԶͲ汻Ǻö֣ʮӸԼϴ˺üѪ
̫࣬̾꿪ʼɵү
Ɑ裬ľˡ
˻Ϊݵúòúȵִװ˹ӣðɣҽʲôĲ衣
Զ
ûӣѾͽΪ˵Ĵڣתͳȥ൱ҡ
ֻܸȥ
װƺȤĴ˴٣ϻţɫҰԵ
ժ˼䣬ˮշУŵ㡣
ҿء
Ӻ󣬺ںĻݺˣװȵݸͽΪٸԶζҲûţΣú𣿡
ͽΪͷ
Զúȡ
ĺú𣿡
ܲԶҪԼһͷ̬ȣƵһ䶼С
֮裬ִͽΪȥĻԷ
޴ĻԷ˿ѷɫںΰĴĺӵص׵ֲͺԺӻŽأóǵ˰ϵúܺá
ݵĲõ֡ڳ֮˵ʶľɫ仯ҺҵϲġݳĲȿʣζظ㡣װһ̳ǰܣҪϲԴһЩȥ
ҪѰˣ̵ķܿ϶붼;ܾԶ˵ɩɩ
ллˡ
֮ǰһֵʱ⻨Ǻ𣿡Զ°Ͳ⣺ôˣ
װǴ˰ɣ
ôܡҼ仹û˻̶ֳȰ
ںֹװѾҪͽΪժһͣѵúط꣬סɣ
Ŷ԰ԶһЦ̹ͽΪļ򣺡СãóԺúȵģװݵĲ裬ô
ǿԣûǧٽ£ҵȸͣס֪òѷǧٵ˵
װħޡ
ֻԼ䣬Ӧò֪ҹӵĳࡣ
Ѳ˵ǧ٣Զȴܻ䣬һĺӵصˣͷҲǣǼһͷҪˣܲ
Աߵװ治ɫġ
̬
ǣװǿε
ȥǧ˵һɡԶֲã˯һ˵ʲô
װŵŵȥŰɡ
ûŮ
һЦڣЩ²ǲ𣿡
ͽΪӦһ룬ӦʱװѾǰ

ûô˵˲òࡣ
ھʣöˣװʱڵͽΪ˵
ñطһ磬Ѿ侲ûԼĿģ磬ڻ𣿡
ˣʲô˼
ŶѾˣҲôΪ֪Ϊ׸ǰвǧٵȫɩɩ˺صˡǵһǵˣҲ֪˭µ֣
ԶĬҡͷ
ǲǵˣ
ţԷſģҿ϶ûˡҺõúܡ
ǻ˭ɵģ
ǧ˱ȻʱĲ״Ŀû˽˶Թֵز
ͽΪŶԶϵĻǲǶμһڵۣǺװĴŷµĳۡ
Ϸһһ㣬ǶžµĻƣҪǴýȥսڻе֮ǰӦûԼȥһ롣
ͽΪû紩ôӡ
ǧѾ൱Ůװ̣Ưá
Ǹʲôƻ
Զ϶Ѿ֪Һħ֣ڵĵ˲࣬Ҷǿ
Ψһİοûˣһʱս
ƻԶʲĻû꣬װȻˣͽΪٺһ
ģϲǵȵȥ㵹װЦųԶһ̧°߽ͣ
ࣺǱﻹ䡣
벻Զ˵ܱͽΪǧٸ˵ҪУԲԲ֪϶
˵ǧǼһҲڵڼ䣬кúöɣ
⻰йͻҪԶ֪ͷǧٵĹϵҪɱ˼
ͦá
ҾͷˡǼһӦңҪԼһ㡣Ҫûгŵھܳȥɱ

ûãֱӺø㵽һô㣿
ͽΪô˵֪˵ˣôӦ
֮ǰڱ߽ʱȻȻǧٱ֤ȥͶԶ̹ס浽ʱһѻȴɤҲڵķ
ˡͽΪҪһ˯ɣװʱµĻſ
Զסأ
ô㻹¼įѽ
˭ˣҲŲ£Ҫ˯˯
ͽΪҺûӦ

ҹħ޵Ѳ߹ȴֵûͽΪϢ
û
Ϊƴȥ޵ţֲ캰ñֻվſһѧǽС
Ǳˣǧٴſһô
Ů÷ǳòĸէһǸ·ˡ
ôΪ
죬ٲȻ˸ʮת䣬ԷǧٵĺøжȻΪˡ
ʱ˵̬ȾͺܽӲͽΪأΪʲôûѾ᲻ʲôˣ
һ˺ܶ⣬ǧֻһش𣺡ڱĵطҹ
ĵطʲôط
ǾͲһֻС޸֪ˡ
ûе⣬ɢ⣬ȴŹɵλ߿ǣҲģɫԽӲޣұ뱣
𣿡
ŮЦŻ־ͽˣòʵܣû˵ʲô
ʿ˵ᣬεĺá
ȻǼ
ôŷ
վһᣬŤͷ
һߣǧٻصСŻϣһֻд˼򵥼֡
ͽΪҵ˶Զ
Զû
»һпͽΪȥͶԶԲ˴ŵɡ


59 
ҹ, װͽΪҪһ˯˵ԼֻҪ붨У赭дˡ
Ժͬ˯һŴҲûô, ͷ
齿, м仹кôĿ϶, ˵ħŮסĵطĶҪ߼
ûʲôĵģͽΪ䱸ǿǸ罻װ˵ǲڵġ
žڵĿռһʱֻк, ֱװȻͽΪ, ҿһ𣿡
ʲô
ɩɩҲ˵, ֮ǰһʲôˣ
ͽΪһ٣Ӧ
ԶͷǧٵǶε¼ѻ˲֪, װȻ֪ܲ
õˡģɵش˵ĵĻ
װЦ㰢ֻҪ𣿡
統ȻҲ, վʲͬ, Ҳֻġ
ǧپõģڿȷŵظ˵
𡭡ѹá
װ³ζĻ, û˺
һҹܿȥĺӵص׵ʽȾʱǧپˡ
ú磬ҺͻȻմŵ峿¶ˮϢͽΪǿڲ軹ûʵȥͲ³
װǾ仰֪ⲻǰ޳Ȼڳ˿϶ôá
ǧ٣Զֱָӽгôˣ
װҽġЦŵػ˻Ĳ, ȫȻûķΧɣҸ㱭衣
ǧٵͷͽΪ档
ֳϳٶۣʵڿûлҩζҲգװҲܵô˵ֱʶԶϲϲң
ߣͽΪԲϷǱߣԶѾͷǧ
νñط꣬ϵûôõҲֵ׽У˿ָоһȻӲⶼû
ǧ٣ðɣ˴˱˴ˡ
㲻ðͽΪҲüͷЩħһһͣôеùʲôô죿
ͻ׽Чʱֻеһ䡣
ɫ࣬ǧٷЦҪߣôҸԼ
ԼʲôԼԶ
û뵽㻹ǵáԶɫת
ͽΪӦܴһ̧ͷϧǧû
֮װ˻ûټ磬ļ䣬ǧվ˵øˣͽΪԲ޳ûݡ
ԶװͿͣ;ǧҧ䣺˻ͦ
˵ǸԼ¡
Ͳ˵ѣ
ôܡͽΪҾ֪ѾͷɲһԼˡļ򣺡лл˷ǧ١㵱˵ûȤ˴ӣȻû¾ѾˡνйͣһҸܼħʶƯŮħô˶ܺãǿ϶ϲòˡ
òţûȤҲͻؾ
治ã㲻ǲС˵һ뱻ǧٺĿۣˡ
ǺðɡСõҲڿǣɷˣվʺҸԱӻһӵĿɿ˵¡ʲôѡ𣿡

ǧ٣
ûУֲáԼŰ졣
˵ˣԶںͷҵȻῴŰ죬ôǰҪƢ顣
͵ſڣװɹɵĻݸͽΪö֮пճ档
ǧ룬δĲۣǰͦϲȣҪǹȥõ㡣⻰ǶԶԶ˵ġ
ҡͷ˰ɣҺȻҲͦáȥɡ
ͷˣͽΪϽϡ
߳һξͷ˻ڵſĿǡֹĸоôҲֹסһ̵ֱȥԺſڣҸΪʲôͷβûμҺħ£ô˶ûʹһ䡣װǲ⣿
ǧͷĴ멹һߣԵСԽԽˡ
ͽΪôҡ
ôش˵ҲװйŹ֡
ҪݾߣŪʲô˵١Ů˵ħĽܹǰʲôҲ˵׼ŶղŲǻ㳣ȥпվȥɡ
Ǻ޲¹ƵڽͽΪղ׸Ƕģ߹ȥӺס°͸ϣղΪʲôôҸ˵
ǧٲ§Ųö֪ʣʲôΪʲô
Լ¡üûС
ֵƣ·ʼ
ǧٵֱ˳ץ˹ȥҲûǵ£ȱ㰢֡
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׿ڴӦǸԼȴΪǧﵽЩֵ߳ģ˵Īһ
ȱ˵Ưӿ𣿡
ϰԴŵ곤ߵĿǡ
ͽΪ컹ھôԶ̹ף⣬ֻΪûô˵ǲ˵ڱǧôһǿ淴һӾˡ
Ϊʲô˵ΪʵûôϲΪԼ棿ƭС飿
˵ƫҪ˵˵һҪȥȪ˵ǧҲ֪ĸͻȻˣ־ȻҪߣһץס

ͷӣ͸˫۾ʵ׾ܿ뷨ͽΪӲڸԼԸ÷ǧ˵ЩĴʻ㡣
ץסֻת䷽򣬷ǧԲָĹ˹ͽΪֱס
Ц˵ȥ˵ڣ𣿡
ͽΪסããҿʼģҪ˵Ҳ˵
͵شչȥס˸㲻˭ǰһ뻹ֱŤһ
ʲô
֮ǰ;ãǲǲӦ
ǧ٣

ҲûãѾ۲ˡ˵¾еⲻͺԼȻƽ
ٿŻƳԱߴܳͽΪʵ顣
ǧвõԤУڻǰ죬㡭
ȥȪ˵
Ҫֱץϸü΢šǺһȭı飬ɵط죬ɣǡôŪ
ͽΪĴǰѹڴϣȥף׵˺ʶģȻŮװʱͺܷ㣬ȲƳز䡣û¶ȵľÿһβմȾ˽ȵ¡
൱á˵˵һȻֹҪܡ
˵ԣ£ǧٸղű׵ֽʧֻܡǰδľ飬֡ѾЩ񣬳Խ߳ĺͳʶķˡ
ҧͣͽΪͣ
˵ˣʵ顣ʲôʱзӦҾʲôʱͣ
˻ˡǧѹ֪ӴĶó׽ۣſͱסҧ⶯ǧϸݵָ΢΢ץסٹͷʮָۡ
Եһ
Ѳ³ǵ㺢˼
Զֱ飬ڴڴϸǣܻһĴ˽Ȼ෴˵Զ̹ףΪƻκףֻΪϲԼġ
Ϊܣ¶ˮ棬˶֪
ǧǰҪʮܵĽýռȲ࣬ῼǲԶ¾ˡ
ɵסǹ̹ϵĸ飬ûκβĿίֱ˵ޱעʱҲ÷ǧ˶ݵʧ
ʮָ۵ַȼ΢Сػգȥ£˫۽һ뵵ˮﵹ룬ҪǰԼ϶ϲһ졣
鰮ȤĮȻؾЩŮȥ޴
ͽΪͽΪ
ǧʼЩβָץܽ΢΢ѹϣܽ׾͸о˵ı仯
һ£ɫʹЦ
һΪǷ浭ⲻǿԵ𡣡
̱ߴʴʣִ߰ȹ±ȥʣ沢Ų㱡ļ⣬ָкܺá
ҡһֱԡðɣۣһ飬ҧͷ
ٽ̽¡
ƽ˵ûʱеףСӺҪЩڴ˿۸ϵ޼ɵƣоǧٵڵһͲ˵Ѿѧˣˡ
ղǰǰҲаʱƫƫûĵز
ǧٶǶǺ̧¶ᣬڻ̵ܣܣ֪ͽΪǹġ
еˡ
̫ˡ
㡭ҲˣѾ˰ɣֵ̧ס۾ԼСô»ܣ졭㡭
ָӽһССͽΪû
ʲôҪͣŶҲǣڴģ಻á
˵ŽƳҲҪɿȴץס̧ͷǧβߣǺƽʱɫȫͬһֱ顣
ߵҪȴҪǿ侲̬·Ҿ඼Ǻۣ߰㣬û˿̬һɹ˵ġ
Ժ󲻴Ӧˡ
˭û˵Щֺûֱ׻һ䡣λ̬è·ʱβȡ
ͽΪ۸ţվһֱӻǷƨͺݺӿ̵ˣǰδегԡǧٱ죬Һ˳ŴͣΨһֻס˵Ĳӡ
컹΢΢ţѾû⡣
;̲֪˵˶پϲ˵ϲϲýʱ֡ϲϵĶۣ˵ȫɬ㣬ֱŻһʲôɩɩǧ٣һ÷ǧٲڡ
ϲĺֻ壿ʡ
ͽΪԸҲϲ׵ʵᣬֻᡣ
ֻ֪ˡ
Ҿ֪
ʶƶŻƳǧٻһӺ©ü˵ˡ
𣿡׷ʡ
ǡǡʧһһɳƵ𡭡ͽΪ
šɣԭˡСڴ¶ģڴϾҪѳһ˵̬ĸߣֵĲᷳ
ǧٲ۾еģҪǸͲᣬȫһô죿
ҲνԱҶνˡͽΪںǧٵûֵ͵ơ
˵ֵͷò꣬еˣץļûãֿʼ϶˵Ҫ̫ˣҲûáͽΪпЩеûĲ˵ﻹ
׼


60 
ĺӵص, ˿Ӵﴵ̵˹ͷﶼ쬵ġ
ͽΪڴǧٵͷ, Ѵϡ
Ƴղŷ̫ͣҲ, ӿûƵסĽ
;ʷǧ۲, Ȼҧ⺬ۣȫô, ٱƶ˵Ĵ˵Ļѻƭй
ԡʱƽϢ־̽˸ͷȥԸҪΪղŵֳΪϴ, ǧü
ڽ˯ȥ۵öһµ, ԿƵĵƹббţ԰׵, ˵ĸоޱȴ
ͽΪſ, ֪еˡʱǻѭ򽥽һͻȻ֮ȱΣǧٱȻŪʧԹȥӲŻָǡ
һʱ϶ˡ
ѵøеһ˿˿ھΣѵڵĹȫ, ͷʣ˺Щʯһһעڷǧٴֱֱ˸Ǭ, 
Щʯͷֻᷢ⣬ڻ谵ҫۣңңȥһѱأɽ˯˸ˡ
ͽΪԼĴɹǷǧƹƵܾá
㶨£׵߳ıƳۣµǴ룬½һƬ¶ȫǱ˱ĺۣȺҲкüġ
˽ĲָǷǧֻԼģ֤ݡ
ǻȥʵͽΪתߡ
ĺӵص˵꣬ǵ˳꣬ˮ˳ŵƮͽΪԪӤΪͲηˣվ͸˿ͷͨ泩ܾñ֮ǰҪ
ƸƳйء
˵˫޻ʹΪһôִڷǧٽ𵤵֪ˡ
Ӧ໥ġָоǧҲӦÿԡ
Բ⻹ﱧϡϣַܲܿʽ޸鸮Ͼʯү˵Ѫ˵ãܲһ㡣
Ҳֻ룬ѵҪΪֲ֪𰸵İ취ڴϲְҹٴΣȻԻΪáĶɫǣ
ϵĻֲȣ뿪޵ͽΪŷǧȻûбƺҲû˺תļ󣬴ħ̫Ũԭ
·Ů·˵һģС¯ǱߡǷҵʿһЩӶħá
洦ɼı˵ҩƲ˷ǧٹʣҪҵ鵤ҲҪһʵĽڡ
Ǳɣ˭Ȼݼ٣ֻһͷ
¶ȼߵڣվյžĴ¯ǰһһöӲӵĽ𵤡¯ĸǴ򿪵ģһβ̵ʱ䣬ȴٳٲĽﶪ
ͽΪűŪ㶯ܾͷȻǼס
ʲôšֻǵ÷ǧ˵հ࣬Ƿҵļʿһ컹ڵſڽӹǵġ
ħޣǰ֪Ųɣ
ͽΪǸΪͷûء
ǣҶ˵˽ˡ֪Ĳأö죬͹˵һ仰ǶԼ裬˽𵤾Ҫߡ
ͽΪʣˣҪֽǿŽ𣿡
θɣһȥ
ɫѿǿŽ𵤺ʮֱ˵ʹҴȥ
ǿŽħţģҪǱ˷ֽ⣬϶¶ڡͽΪһ⣬˾֮Ժˣڿǧٺ㵽һġȻôʵĽٵȥ
հһͺʲôԨԴֽ⣬áǧ١Ľʲô
ʷǧ٣벻¡
˵Ͳ˵հġȵһӰԶȥͽΪ߳
ԽԽ󣬽һҲûʲôջ񣬵޶ûϰ࣬ԭ·ʱͽΪǰͷʲôˣŲһͣ
˶վڵǰ
·类ʪ͸˳Ÿ½ֱµˮȴϾ˼ߴĻǻŲŤͷʱˮΨ˫ɫͫ׷Ĺ⡣
㲻֪ģͽΪ߹ȥȻûԱߵСƫͻԷͤŲܵľ룬˵ûħԼܳ⣬ͻȻɿǰס˫硣
㡢û£ϢأҲܸɬ١
ͽΪԣʲô£
Ǿͺá˿ļ⳹иȻͽΪ˵һ仰֮ǰչ۱ס
ΪͻҺףŻھˮζѾŹߵ¹ȥ
ƭңΪʲô£ȥȪǣڵ˺þãûҵ㣬ûзӦҲ֪ô졣
Խ˵ԽҲԽ
ͽΪ㲻ж꣬ҲΪȫٿȥҲΪıܲٿкʹԣعʱѾΪ
һԭν֪Լȷʵе㺦¡
֪ˡȷ֣ҪҶ֣ͽΪ
̫䣬Ҳ̫ƽٻһЩˮ³ͷԣգգմˮĽëڲʶԼʲôɫʱһƬ죬ڵ˿üʮ
ͽΪ򶨵ú񱻱ĲҲû¶ʲôᷳﰵ˿
ǸҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ͡
û£ҺܾûҵΪҳ˶԰ɣ⡣ͽΪڵƢǰ˵ݵúܣʲô£
ҡ
סΪΪҪ£ֻһ뵽Ҳ֮ǰһܵ˺н겻֮ǰˣ뱣
Ϊ޵ı𣿻ԼԸ
ʱ㲻Щ⣬Ĭصͷ
ͽΪ֪ԼѾһҪСֻԽΪĬϣʲôڿ˵ҸʱҪȥ
޵ڻɵĵƹ⡣
ɩɩϵôá
ǵȻ
Ǹˡ
ûͽΪֹĺľתҪֱһץסͷëʪţɫȴʮضߣΪޣҲΪͬ飬ֻվߣҲһֱ㡣
ЩˣûԼͲˣ˵㣬ɲսܳΪ׸Ϊʯ㻹ǲҪ̫ŵĺá
ͽΪȫûָŶƲ֣֪ſġ
һȦѾʱ֣һżͿǧڴѾˣ̧һֱ޳ֱڿͽΪȥ㿴ʲôأ
˵أ
ղŽе̫ãˣڶûʲô룬Ƭ׼ӡһ൱۵Ǻۣɫ֣ſȥһζ
ѵʯͷɽŪ쵽ǰôˣ
˵ҧ¡
Ц˵ұˡ
СͽΪںΪһʮСã
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ϵĲѣͽΪһȥ裺ŶˣװҵĻҪ𣿡
ҲС
ɫ˵㣬ζ
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㻹ûء֣ɢһ
Ҳԡ㶼ѽ¼ˣͲٰΪҲû𣿡
ǧٲ𣬶ǰĹһ˺һᣬ롣
ƺһôֱԵ˵ڰڣ˫ǳ˼ţӳŻ⣬𣬺һ۵⻺֡
Ҳᣬ㹻ǧ١
ڱ߽ʱǸԱȫرģֻǸþ
ͽΪоڴʱԼƺ˽һ㡣ʯү˵Щ涼ƨ
ˣתѱӷŻȥû˵ĪҴ죬ղſڿҸ˻һ
˵ˡС޺ôҡ
Ϊʲô
ţΪʲôأ
֪ңô֪
ͽΪֻ壬ԭᱻˮʪ·ղű䱧£ȫˮ˸ɾ˵֪ʲôſʱͻȻһѡ
ǧ٣
ץҵ֡ͷһ䣺˵ӴҪһֱҡӴͼӴ׵ġ
ۣû
ͽΪֵ϶ζˡ
ǧ٣
ûӦ¶ɫˮƽһֱԵģȫ䵭߸߹޶ԡתȥĳǰѺ֡
Ҫá쿿״ˡΪ³Դ׹ȻܣͽΪһʱģȥոµˣķǧٵ
⣬߹ȥôĶ𣿡
ʳָ

Ȼ󣬵һֳֻ߸˿뿴ﲻ˭֪ȴǧס˲ӣڶ࣬ɤ͵͵ĺЦڲҵζˣ
ͽΪ͡ɫ죩
boki


61 
ڶ, ͽΪֳȥװͶԶ
뿪ʱкͷӬһĴ
ǲ֪ô˵̹Ȼؿ۾, ȴԴŤŤ󲻺, ͽΪû⡣
װ綼ڵ, ˵ǰܺúҪ㣬װ˵Ц绨, ȵȱȥ
С, ԶȻԵõŶ, еǰ, ľ
ǾĳַõɫâһӵӰħ, ٴպϵϳŸ, ս˿ʲôõĻ档
ô
ʲôô
ԶħħﲻСĹ٣ΪҲ, ½а޹˵ã϶ܻȫСҪǿǣ
ʲôƷƵ, ͽΪӦʶ˵ʲô, ˣħ, ʲôأҲҪʲôȫˡ
ǣ֪϶Ƿǧ㽲ʲôħ֡ɣԶ˵ûûħ޶
˵
װָָķ򣺡ָָ, Щħһ𣿡
ͽΪû𻰣֪ûǹ
ԶҲǷҪһʱСûС˵׼ѹ鰮, ⶥһЩδѣ˦˦У㲻ˣǰ־Ͳ˵ˡ˵˵ǧٵġ
ǾϵӰһαһŮħޡ
컯̶ûղǸħأϿʲôݣӣС죬һġ
ΣװҲοһ¡𿴷ǧƢҪ˵׼ͳͣ
Ըƨ
ڹۣͽΪ֪еùˣû¿ʼýſɲ͸ҪǴӦ˷ǧұܣھͺֱ˵ҵġ
ôˣͽΪϲ𣿡װ°˻߳պѣ޽½аĵãۼԸ񣬶޿ޡģһܡҲվߵġ
֪ǧˡ룬ֻпǶԶġ
ôʲô˵
յͽΪźţ˸װ˰ɣãȻ
ʵġװ£Ҿֱ˵˰ɣڵħ֮սһɢɳûʤˡǱħҲֻǴ
ûһйսֵ£ͽΪ͵ǱĽ̫ò£ºԤ׸һڣһӽ䱸غ⣬װ΢΢ЦţţҲǵĵˡ
Ҳ飬źħ޿Ծʹ˵޽ⳡһƽĽ֡
治ܺƽˡͽΪЦ޽ãᱻħĽ
ȴֽͱҲװˡ
װɫһ٣ҲǱĽڸҵһǵʱ䡣
ɵ޷Ǿź˶ܺǵ޽Ըĺӵص׵һѪҵӦҲῼǸһ·
ͽΪⲻǣѾͰ졣ΪԶΪ㿼ǣԲ顣
վҵʱҿ߳Ľ֮أٸҵ̸һΡֻҪǧٴӦ¾һ
վݸĿᶨ紺档
濼ǿǡ
ΪţΪˡ
ɵӲŻӦص޵˵ʼĩǧٳ°ͺ³һ䡣
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Сᱻ˵˰ɣʡ
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ͷĴ˰ˡҪǵ׼
ﵹνµľǻᷴ
˵ǰķǧٺԾʮŴΣӮʮΣզǿߡ
ڡƳĽ֪ĴӮ缸Ρ
ղţװңұϴӦˡ˵ͽΪ
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ͽΪȥ̽һᡣ
ҪʵǱʩʲôֵ䷨ųǾͿԱͻ
ͦãáǧ·ϲڵĻҳվ
ʲôƻ𣿡
ǰɡ˵Ǹʲôʱ
ʱ
ǻʱ
ǧ߹ȥ¹ͷֻżǰСһţǧϲôЩװ
ͽΪﰵΪǧҪˡסشףֻǼƻһҲйˬܾá
ڲŷӦװ˵취ǹҲԿƱȻˣǧپͲǷˣǼŮװҲᱻ
ҪװͽΪʡ
ôԵ޽Ϊǰġ
˵꣬澲˼룬ͻȻԷһǰ¹Ĺϣ̱סţ˼һ׶Ȼ
С
ΪʲôУ
ǧٵ˼ά˼άмǼƻҪҪãϾװǱҲ֪«ʲôҩ
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СƲŸ죺ҸǸͣǶ֪аŮװ㴩ŮװȥҲ
ǧ۶Ҳ֪뵽ʲôЦðɡ
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½аþ˵ʱͲһغħǰֹؿħһ
дǰ½аĶüȳ谮Ӧ
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ĺӵصȨ˶ǣƣ¾Ͳǲܡ
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ղǻ˴ȵҪأ
ʱһǻˡü

֮е½ʯˡ
;ϵģһǻ˲̾ĶħްòҾʱĶ˳ӯǸѪĸྶͥ
ҲһŮҲû˵Լĳ⡣
Ҷװ˵ˡ
̧ͷǰΪˡֻڸ˲Ĵˣ۵Ĵ΢ִ١
ĺӵص׺綼˲֪ţҵġȻˡʵڶôš
æҲ߱ˣҺװⳡԡô˵ʵӦĺܳ
һ۾ͫɫŵĺ죬װԼħѪ޽һӡɴý飬ݵؿƱ
ָ۾ƺ˵£ΪôҲû˵ڣֻһСϼվѰ
һĻȫͽΪվڰ۵ףһûһԱߵǽղŷǧٸ˵ñҪҲ𱻷˳ֱȥȪǻϡ
ͽΪɫǧȷʵԴħbuffһģúԸã˲øУо͸˽ƷⴥȻƷˣĬ顰Ȼòº͵ظ׶˵·ȫҵǺۡס


62 
ħռĺӵصĵĴһƬ, ȴƫȵȺΰȺǴϵĳ
Щ΢ʯȫħҪħ, ĺӵص׽᳹׻Ϊ֮ء
磬ַǷ, ս²ô, ħ޶˻Ȫ˼ٰħҲ, ڱӪʱһ, ǸóԳԸúȺ, ȴζӳӳﴫָ
䴩źسţҵʱ, ΧæмԱ͵УٲȻŹֵ硣
񡣶˵
ٵģʿ˷Ծ𣺡ˡͲʲˡ
ڴħ, ϲرƣʿʬġ
ӳأ价һȦжҲû
ӽ̼, ߲ߵӳԸֲǲ֪, 鲻ãֵħޣŸ, Ȼǳȥ̽鱨ˡڶ졭
Ⱦȥ˰ɣ
ţ϶Ⱦȥˡ
, Ҳûûָ, ǸˣͽΪӦûʹöʱҲϽִ
ǵĿһħ, ޽áʦһħǳס
էһѣ޽ų˷׷֮ǰӪܵķ˴
ٵģ½аĵã
½аĿֲǸҲһֲɣ
ҪǵӳͶƾǡ
ⲻ󡣡һͷ˻ͷζӳ
ͽΪӡʵ뿪װΪչԼĳ⣬һԳǵķӡ
ŪģǲŸҪ
½ʯʱΪ컯½аĴûϹսҲ򲻹ǡ˵ڱ߽ľһȲһֻħޣ
ǧʱõļܹãʿȼŭ𣺡ܣֱӸն£
ץ
˴һ϶˵ģ·Ĳ·һĳһ񱻹һܱųȻǶ곤˿һﺢͯ
ʦԭûеħް
Ҿ˵˲ܣǻǿޣҪʦ֣
ޣʲô֣˵ҪʦſǲǱħ޹ƻ˺ðɣ
ʦȻܱǣ춫һһϹ£ӳˡ
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ʲôСߡһֱǿ׳ûȱ첲ȣܶ߰
˼Ǻܷٸιˡ
ˣ
ǲû
ৡ
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仰ȷۡ
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ŮһƮЩ⣬Ȫ̧ͷÿתȥЦǸˣҪ۾û⣬Ƿǧ١
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ʦ㡭㵱ħΪ飿Ϊҡʧˣ
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С
ǧٲǰͶµӰסߵѿҲǲֻղ˼ԴĻ棬һЩղ˵ġ̹ҵŵ㡱
һ̹ϵȻõġ
ֲ֪ô¡
üңίǧôҲ𻰣ֹʱһڵؾͶˣһѴ֣Ҳʲôʲô̹ϣ嶯֮ºҲϲˣ
˵̱һµģӦòʹһһҧۡ
˼룬֪ʲôֻ㿴ˣ
ûȽϺ𣿡Ҳǣôʦʦãôˣ϶Ҳֹһ˵Դ
ʵϲǧͷǲֻԼеĴǻᷳơ
ǵŭڣ۾̵ˡ
ǧĬ᣺Ժˡ
ͽΪһ˵
Ҳ֪㲻ϲ
Լһʱû뵽˵⻰ڵػͷʲôˣ
ס
𣿡Ȼ
ΪʲôԣǣǶֹϵˣҪһġ
ҲǷǧٵһ׿ڳǵĹϵ
ͽΪĻһӱ٣û˵ǧǰץס֣ǵһκͱġϵԲǺס㲻˵ĻҾͲˡ
Ҳ˵𣿡
ǲС

ͽΪƲŸ죬չȥ˱ץ󣺡ʵĲΪ˱˵ͷ
ǸղһĻʦʦĳһĻãǧٹȻֻԼġ
ڵʦ㣬ţͷεֶãֵԼ
⻰˵ȥҲֻһֺСռ
ûס˵ˣһֺܷȻĿǡ
ĩһ䣺ˣû˵ôֻң߻ôˡ
ͬСһԭ̤ŷǧǣԼĸ飬Ҳʧȥĵһ졣
ſ֣Ȱ˵Լ쿿׵Ĵ˲ŲС£ʱ½ͻȻӺ󱻷ǧקס
»ͷͻᱻʲô
û𻰣һ£ͽΪò棬һǽڡ
ǧٶǰƽһֳֻסǽһַֻŵԼ½ڴ
׵ļһӴĿһ㼦Ƥ񣬾µͽΪ۾죬iü۳дְɣ
ͽΪסɫͻȻ죺˼ǡ
šս۽ëǶԵֳܣɵĺ趯͵㲻𣿡
ͽΪôСӵ¡
ֻзǧ١
ֻзǧ١˰꣬볹ռУֻԼ
Ҳ˵Դֻ¡ֻԶ¡
ݱž壬͸ڵĴӣڴڵֵ˵Цѷǧѹڴߣһҧϣϸϸһֻסĺԣ
ֵƣŹƻһħ͵ؼЩʹƺͷѪζ
ӡǾӡϡ
ͷǧᷢЦ
ͽΪ֪֮ҵĹȥֱĻҿܻɱҲ˵
ǻػ˱ǴԼҧ˿ڣһУסĴǧ˫ץϡ


63 
˸, ͽΪƤҩֻڷǧϣûԼ⡣
ղŻ˵, Ҿ񿴼˹ȥȪ
ǰǧپȻ϶ˡ
ƿһԼɢҵ½һߵô飿
С
Ҳ֪, ǧپˣԼҲҵڿ
˵ȥȪԼǾ, ӡǵֻԼ
߹ŵèƢʵǧ֮, κ˶ֻŪβͼ⡣
ؽֻҵĵطκˡ
ŶͲ, ͦ󡣡

ص, ɫѰ, ½ʯ㻹άűƶڽ
Ӱ, ǿװ򶨡Ͼûսħޣһ°ס, ĳĳ, ݼ̫á
ʦ㡢, ǻˡȪǰվҸղ˵˺ܶԵɣ˵ѡ
˵Ķġ½ʯæӦ˵޽˻Զ, ¡Ȼ˵赭дֻ֪
ǰЩ˵Żмδս, Ӫط˶ûá
ֻаһˣĺӵصôãҲʧȥӦװҲֻΪҲǵĵˣġ
֪ջȨǷǧ٣ǰһŲˤűߣС̧ͷ
㡭ҡ
˫ʢˮȪǧûסĸ첲ɣ䡣ֻͷʦ㣬ҪѽˣΪ˰ǣûͬ鷴𡣡
ͽΪأ
ͽΪû뵽⻰类׸Լͷͺ½ʯĿϡϿңΪԵЩɪôͷЩħ޲һ
ֳ˵飬Ҳǲ⡣
ȰŰɡ
ã
㣬ûȫš½ʯ˵ûɱ㣬Ҫǳģô
½ʯһ㶣֪ˡңҾ͡ĻȻֹΪͽΪȻסĲӡ
ǰܽ΢ɲĺ⣺ѵˣõֳɵڵġ֮ڳѣҿ϶ɱ㡣
áȪסǧ۵Ȼһ
֮½ʯ˿ţҹɫ׼ħ
ôͽΪʡ
ʲôô
ҸղôǶԵİɣҪǰҲͰ½ʯˣڳˣֻͽΪ˽ʧȥֳʲôо˻ҪսƽϢ
ŷǧ١
˵ҸղǲǺܿ᣿Ȫסˡһ˵ŵеֿ
ǧٱȻ䣬˿ȴ˾е㡣
ΪԼٿʱѾǰȥ
ʱĺӵص׵ĹװħǱȻҪúףһ
ǲ֪˼꣬϶
Ѿ̴Ǻúװε׺һҹкγε⣬ŮǶŸʳӿַǷҪûľ⣬ܸЩ
ͽΪסһŮװģ˵Ѿȥ˼ħˣԺŻ
áĴǱûˡ

װվھ޴ˮǰ
ħߵĻԴĽʱյһδ¡صȹѡ
Ϊȥ˼ĽԼĽĸס
ˮͨħڵõͨ·
ܿͻᱻȥһߡ
ȴٳûж
΢΢üˮȴʱһȦҼСһǰһ
һסָܿ򶨣װҲûŹһĻҡ
ͷ̬ȺܸߣҲܰ
װЦҵʲô£
£ħ˴ʻˡǹع
һҲæϹع
ʵģ粻˵
ûþĴŻûȫ£ǣ߽ȥ
һ˿ְᷢɡ
ֲġҲǲɫ°ͣˡǧٵĽ𵤣ϻȥֽ⣬ֽˣ
һǽ𵤿мǿ¯ǿ죬Ȼûܽļ󡣡
ЦǷﵷѡԭ򡭡
˵Ͳ˵ʲô𣿡С㡭ڽеС㣬ǷŮѪ̳ˣǸ֮ʱѾ˵ŮС㲻ǱԤԱǶڷǧ٣˾Ͳ˵ʲôϾʮʱ£ôԾ
ﵷû˵κλ
ֻһҪѷǧΪҵĺḧԺʲô˺
ڷΨŮӿɼ̳ŮѪԹžʢ˥ͷҺΪµģͳͳøա϶ԣܺͷѪϣռıˡ
Լô뼷ҵʿҲʤ
Ǹʤġ
֪ﵷǸԼֻҪһĹߣǷ˳ȻҲ̸ʲôԽѪʿһܴŵ㡣
ûм壬ûǣʮס
ﵷǶǿһ㣬Ҳֻ̰ͼѪ
ﵷħɱҹʱŷǧ٣Ѿ˺ۣܿˡԼʸҲ֮ⷲڡ
ķͲǸ죬Ȼʿﲻľ硣
˭Ƿ֮
˼ˣͬΪ֮ȴԼ츳ĵķǧҵҪǧٷǰУоӵǸʲô֮֡ܽ⣬˽չ㱨ҡ
ǡ
һһ߬н𵤣ü𺽥
ˮ˼ħĳȾͷװŵ޻ʵĹשϹ»
Ϸ߸յϴһǺɫӣûӦ
ĽʱĻͺ٣ֱӲӦװ첻µز£ΨԼĸףü
ҪĽңζ㣬ջϵħѪҲ߰Զߡ㵱Ӧҵġ
һͣһʹͻȻϮʶװ̷ӦԼڴʲô˴ˡ
ôܡ

ͽΪͷǧٱܿȺװĴ
ȻûˣŮûУֻжԶһߺУͻȻûе㾪ȡ
ôˣ
ȸߡͽΪ˵ǰץԶĪһȥĶװûҵõ㡭
ߣǧ٣㲻Ǹ½ʯһءǰ첲ϣ֪ˣֲϲɣʱô飬ĸû㷨ۣ˵ģ۹Ҳˡ
ÿǧٲ͡
ÿÿֱۣħ޵޽£Կǿǡ½ʯȻսУѪ׬ֻ˲á㷴ûϲģΪţΪ˺ƽССһԼʲô˵ģ˼ҳûôÿ˵˱㡭Ӵ
ͽΪԱȥ͵һѡ
⣺Сҡ
졣ϣҪ˵ľĵķϻ
Ķˡһ¡
ģĺӵصôãûûȱ첲ȣΪʲôǴţװõݣأ߽صǰأɽϲأûǶڵϢ
ȷһӾʹˡ
޽Ÿе̬ȣǷ·Ѿħ޵ͬĿǡ
ק½󣬹͹ֱð߲ռҲֱֱ
Զ޹գۣһ˿ͬ롣
ɽϲΪ̶ֳȣʱ¶Լʦ֡ȴµԸħ޹
㲻ʷǧΪʲô½ʯ㲻˵ûϲ𣿡ͽΪȻ
Ҹ㣬ϲңܴӦ飬Ҳ÷ĸʲôܱһӵˡҲҪ
⻰ڻѶԶʶɴ˫ۣһĻ㣿ͷǧ٣˵ʲôСá㡮ɩɩ
ԡҲܷǧºô˵Լɴɩɩҵġ磬ǵðǰǳһϽˣ㾭ԹҶȶ㻹Ҫ׽ûΪʲô
ΪҴӰǰʼˡ
ڳɹˡ
ĵƹУԶһˣϱг㵵ɫʣôܡ
ⷴӦҲ֮С֪ǲԵ£ԼɩɩͺܻƿɳܣҲҪֱӸ
磬ߣ޽Ǹð취ҲװֹⳡͲֵܻطʲô㡣

磬˵

磿

ǰĶԶͻȻùŹֱ֣ɫɷף촽еźϣһ³ĵ
ͽΪüץ֣һ´򿪣סԴʹһڵء

ǼɲǼ£Ž˻ʲôǰرƻͨ˲䱻ϯɷȥǧ޽һƺڷ󷭷ɣνСġ
ͽΪҸ硭
ǿ²㰢֡
ʲô˼
ȷǰʱᷢˣʲôҲʣ·һʼûбˡ
ͽΪʹǹ΢ĵâ΢ΧĺڰԶˡ
ȡ֮ǣһʯͷ
ڵϣмһأĳʯɫɫĻǶһ΢ɼĽɫӣöԵЩҫۣ̺Ϥߡ
ͽΪǰߡǧٴƽĻ̧ͷǰڰоȻԳһƬŵâĵط϶µĹ۽Ƶشϡ
һһŮ
˴ŸĺڰۣȻӣӻƣƤѪ߰ߣŰѪӵʹ΢΢üϵŮŵ
ôӦ˰ɣԶҪȥң˼
װ档
ԶȫѪòһֻ۾ѪӶͷʹ
áֻ˺ͬ𣿡
ΪʲôǣװĵŵЦԶҿΪһѽҵļˡݣ壬κˡ
ΪʲôͲΪһУ
Զ߬סЩǾͷ̣Ϊ㲻ļˣȻ򵥵úܡҵļ˲һ
졣üЩ˶Զ֪㲻ǻϲλ˳ǰɣص飬ΪЦҲǣɾ£ʲôһʱˡ

ǣ˼֣ΪʲôԸߡ˵
ΪΣʹеЩǽ֮ǰҧǧˣ
װĴǣ޻ϲҲ޲죺ˡһǺޡ㣬ȾָҵˣŮˣҶŹ
Ȼýκλ״̬ļʡȻʳĻǡĹ裬ڲˡ˵޽˻ŮʵǸˣʲôã
Щʹɢ
ôأ
ôܣ
ͻȻ˦ӣסԶĺֱúҪֱȥȴޱᣬ·۰һʮֱĶ
ղŲű˺ѵñ鲼˺ۡѪܣһϢ
ԶΪ̸𣿹ҰǰģҲһҪԼİ취õҪĶ㡣˵ֿ࣬˦һصİϡ
أ
ûء
飿
ħ޲˵ʹʹࡣǲƽ֡

ħ޲Ųᶮ
ֻӶᡢռУٵҲøˡ
ԶȻŭǺͼ˵ʲôװѾ֫뿪䣬Ŵһ
ȹӲȥʱ˹ؼλ˿ڣͲˡ
С˿ڻѪһţѩ׵ȾѪʹôϢ¶ĽʵؼսĿкϲ𣺡жޣڳĲǧ֮һˡ
װְɡЩħ޳Ϊĺӵص׻ǵĶ𡭡
ûͷǧ٣߽رȻҡôأ
Ŷ񻹲֪ԶҲ˵ġ
ʮǰͺҵˡףû˶μҵѪϾŮѪѾû˿̵ѪǾֱвλͷѡ
ǧӦò£ȴʲôû˵Զͷβڱñѡ
Ц޴ţ΢΢һ㶣촽Ǹ桢ʶ˵ЦҲá
ϧƤϵ˺ۣղŻġ
ûϵװġӴһú۰ġ


64 
ƵĿռж, Ȼ৵طֱ
ĹмƬѩ׷ƵٻþأϵӰʧ, ȡ֮һֻּʰǿʯͷ
ԶԶ
װ
ɫ, ̬Ǳ
ϻΪ˽׼Ļд˿Ѿɢһ, , ץǿʯͷ, ΨһһӲӵѾȻʧɫס
Ҫ, ҪԶ
ͼٴעʯͷ޷Ӧ, 
Լʶļûˡǧٵ
죡
ʵ˵ԶԼƻԼǵòڵƬܳĻӰ
谵ĵƻ𣬷󴲿յģ·һʼû˴ڹ
ŴϺȹʱա
ɣԶԼ
û֪ɣ֮ӱʱ¶ʹı飬ҧأԵͷһҧĹָ, ȴûô
·ͻս, ǺĬĬ۾
òĻҲֻغװ
װûԶչ¶顣
ǰĺӵص׵ı߾, ڵĽ㣬һμ
ʱ緢ֻ޴ſڵأӹľԺ߳΢΢һȣüʣ˭ô
ǲĺӵص׵ĳӴħ޶ͬ
ǳǳҫۡ
ǳģҪõ
ƭ˵Լĺӵص׵ǳֲ˻εľ磬ɾ֣һ۾ͼ
˵иУǼˣһֱһ
û뵽ôֱףҵˣӵ˳ġ
´ʲôʱСĺӵصûҲûѡ
ŮȻһ˿˾Ҽò´ۡҶüԶԥƬ̣ҽҪȻش屨棬ʱӦû
áװҵ㡣
صԼղŻ᲻̫˵㣬ȻǾ֣˼ô˵ҲǸһڿֲĺӵصףȷʵȫ
һķǧ˵ʦã˵ҪǾֻֻţʦ𣿡
ǧٱشǷ׼˯һͷЦʦǲʦֵˣ㲻뱻ʡ˰ɡ
˵͹š
Զʦûô飬Ҳ֪Ķˡ
װִħԶñˬԼ׼˭֪ˣӹһҡǼŵҩ
ҺʦǳģûʲôöЩȥֻκǴǿܻȥ
ڵ𣿡Щȡ
ǲȻأֻҪҲƽ޹˺㡣
ġ
װָ飬¶ݵɫлл㣬á
㰡ˣҽжԶأ
סҰ׾ͺˡ
ԶͷǧٽӵǸ񣬻ڸĴôߣǧ𶫱ߣ⻹ǵץξġ
߿ĺӵصףпħޣᵤڵʿһ黹ãֿͲһùˡ
ԶĬĬ죬н
ɶ񣡡
ǧٻλֽúøɻʦ֡
ûǧɣ
ԼͲҪˮ

治ϲ
֮ĵաագװ״򲻶ȥͶԶ档
Ҳʲôʱվһ߿Ϣʱͺġ
֪и൱ʦãǵһŷҵĺᣬŴȥȽϣִ򲻹ڳϵĸѹйѵ治ǧ٣
û¡װսߣ۾ؿԶˡ
һһ䣬ϸĥ
Զһ৵ͨ죬·ˮް˿ף͵㡢㡢㡢ͻȻʲô
ôˣ
ѾǾ֣ŮӣҪҪֻ͡кϲ˲ܿôԻҡڳݲ壬ֽŲõرȻ
иãҲС̫࣬˵ŮܲףӦѧϰһôദġȻȻԴ
ʲô
ǡҲԶ㣡еĶǺö˵ġ˵Ŀ϶û
Ϊ˻𣿡
߹ȥѹԶֳŸҪѪһ𾪵˫ĿԲһţʲô˵
ѵþȤЦ
ҿЦģų
桢Ц
ЦһҲЦ˿޷δģģ֣ĺӵص׻ȥǱ¡ħ޾ܿ㡣
ֻûϵ

ϲ㡣װֵ
Զͣһ˲˺ܶ࣬ӡϲʲô˼ϲôдšϲɶð³һ䣺Һ
˵ϲ㡣ٱѹһΣ
ллˡ
˴һα˱ףǳͻȻҶԷͬ塣
˵ϲǺߣ鸴ӣװΪҪôһھܾҪôĶʱȴͻȻ˸Ϲ
Բ𡣡
װ
Ӷ̧ӢʵüۣЩǸæ˼δܷǧ٣ʱûЩ¡ллϲңǡ
ǣҪܾĺ⣿
ⶼǽڰˡ
װЦ컹𣿡
Զȹʻ£ɫ糣ԼЦе죺Ӧãɡ
ҵ㡣
ҹص䣬ʷǧ٣ʦãϲ𣿡
ǧٸԡ·гʱͷʪţҪ㱨Ľɹ
Ȼشҵ⡣
ûС
ô᣿㲻˺öӵ飿ûһϵģ
ҲûȤǧЦҺʦ㲻һҪȥϱߡ
ôоң
죬˵ħﶼûܴͨףȥôס
ǲܣҾͲ𣿡
죬Զ̧ͷѾݡ
ι񱨸أ
֮ÿȥϵطɨޣ˳ֻ֡
Դͻĸ׺󣬶Զе㲻֪ôûƵһ·Լ֮ǰܷ߳ԡ
ֻ⴦лͣȥ
о˰
ôˣװժ˶仨ͷͼġ
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ôġ
׵ܾ˼ҵҲԼ
ʲô
ˣҿܾͲˡװ
ʣΪʲôҪȥĶ
Ҳ˵Ǿ֣ʿΪ顣ĺӵصײҵĹ鴦Ҳٸ㣬ҪԼ̤ва˵ȹվԽ͵ø˵ټˣллЩҡ
˵ճ΢΢ͷȥʱɴ䣬ûһ
Զ
ҲáҵĻȥˡƲ
Ҳһӣɨƽ޵ɵò࣬˾Ҫڡ
ǧҹ嵥׾ͼԶӰŸݺƲ֡
ôʦ֣òԵʡ
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ûµӡ
Ը˵ˣѾԹĹˡ
ʦá
̤Ҫߣֱס졭ʲôʱߣ
îʱһǰŸ˵
ܲ㣿ʱߡ
ʦʲôҪȥĵط𣿡
㡭ǰɡҿֻܻ©ˣȥһ顣
ǧƺ˵ͷ
գԶʱϵطݵһԶĺڰ׽㲻ˡ
з紵ι˵۷϶̹ǣе䡣֮ǰů͡
˿۵׳ɷûп΢΢ԽԽ󣬳ʱάһ֫ľҲ𡭡
ûа취վ׼뿪
ʱһ΢ɲĽŲŲܣͷʱȴ̲סɫ
ûκӰϤһϱǻƵġ
˹סĲӱסԶһ
һĺӵصװɡϲ㡣װ
ġĺӵصףʿ·ͻȻʶشȥͣס˶ҲǲҲǣֻԭء
ôҲԺһȥ𣿡
С
㲻ܾϲ𣿡
⡭
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װ֪ԼҪɹˡ
ûϵڲشҲûϵ
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һֱ
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ʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ڵϣû̧ͷҲûȫ״
Ϊʲô
ħûлش𣬸ղŶ׼װɱȻڣ񳹵ʧȥȤһ˴飬תȥ
ֻʣһмһսζصڿյĵС
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ħİΪʲôղɱ
ʣԶΪʲôҪһ¡
ƭֻҪ⿪߽صĻǽ磬Ϳ͵Ȱ˵սϵˣͰ͵ܵ޽
ôĥֱᣬΪʲôҪ
Ϊʲô
⣬ħ޶ԣעɽ⡣
ûаܿ
ɻüܵץڵƬûбߣûʧȥȡ
ڵƬĻͻٴλ
װҹԣ˰ٴΡǧΡΣܳˣһȫµĶԶ
ᷴ˵ձڡǧ١á
һġĶԶ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱ
ǿΪӰʯýʯͷˣڵƬʧȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ˡ㴴Ķֻˡ
죡
ǧ٣֪˲֪ˡ
ħ޲֮˭ҪƫִЦɷĸоΣԸҪᣬɱ㣬Ҫš
һ˷ĴԶΪ򿪣ֻãۣ
ͽΪһȭϣװƫֱ졣
ˤڵأԾʹûܷӦùѾ߸ߺףʹ㡭
Ҹ绹ң
ͽΪ
㵿ס½˫Ǻ죬޾ŭҸ硭ʲô
ǧʲô
˵ʲôԶǱɱġ⣬ҶԶѾҪûҵĴŲǰ
㲻ΪֿҸɣͽΪأЦֻһܣǱʶļٻǲŲҸ磬Զˣ
꣬˿һ˦пħ޳ʹ£ƺȻãȻԴǡ
ҸѾˡҲˡ㺦ġ
Ųءװ⣬ǿǣԶղŻҵء
أ
ǸӰڵȻӰ١
ǶʯͷڵмȻ޻ʵ㱻߬
̹ǡ
ûκ¶ȡʬӲĸо
ǰ
Զأ
ղšﰡôĻ᲻к뿪
ǵһ
ƲɵĻɷĻ


ʵܴڣȻе޷˵Լһ㡣
׻ʱվʲôҲûʣ¡
ħ޲ܸеˣȴ֪ΪԴβ׹죬һʧȥİߵĺͯૣܡܰɣԶ
ħҲаΪʲôװȴڴʱͻȻʹأ
ʹϢֽŲܶ
ٵĴӹ衢ѪУɰʯĥ¹һ͸ʮֵʹƤ屻롣
֪оʲôֻ÷жһʹܵʹץǰҲͽ͡
ʹʹ
ԶΪʲôҡ
ͽΪΪѾˡ
һҪѪܵʵ̯ħǰƺܻеĻ档
ĿӣģڴĿⲢǻԡ
ˡ
Ĳˡ
Ӱ

ġ
ġ
ҪõҪ
ҪԶԶ϶ؿޣָ⽫˺龾ƣָǶѪ
ͽΪķһ˿ͬ顣
ͷǧپһ⻹Ҫʹʹϰٱ
νɱǸ
ֻȥҲ̫˰ɣЦ£΢εվǧᣬ͹̵طӿҰ
װڵأʹؿ޺Զ֣ΪǰӦ
Ųô
ҲҪˡҪһֻܱȥط˰֮ɻţȻԶԶΪҸʹࡣ
ⲻղ˵ģ𣿡


65 
ͽΪɷ, һɿɲ
װ˵ϣɥʧ־ս屻ק, һεǽڽס
Ǹ߼
һͽΪխĽ, һ, ôôԶܴѡ
ֻڶԶȥط¶һ, һӡ
ֻˡ
Զڵҡ
װƺԼ״˵ں, ֻȥõڵصʯͷ, öǶŶԶڵƬʯͷ
ָմͱʹ, ͽΪǰǿʯͷ, ң
㣿ͽΪҸġ
Ұ֪Ķ㡣ĺӵصײ֪ħ޵鱨𣿡Ҷ㡭ԣҡ
ͽΪû, ֻɺޣͬʱֿҪп, пһӡ
ħ񡭡ʮǰʼͱ˥װԹԵؿʼ˵Ů, ı仯ﵷǻʱ, ԴŮ, ˯, Ҳ߳ħĴš롭϶ûָʵ
ԲŻ˽䱸Ľң׷ϳħ֪ĸ䡣Ϊ
ǲȡҵ㹻𣿡ͽΪԶڵҡ
û˻˵, ͽΪת뿪
װ˻ѷεĺн·Ҫײ顣ǿħ޶ðġʵģ˭֪ء
ͽΪ
뿪Ӧ̻سװ½ʯǸõġҲ֪ʲô
ͽΪǰһҲ߲ˣ˫Ǧ
ǧ׷ޱûͷ
ƽշʲô˼ԳΨʱǿòС
ĬȻվãҲԱվ˶á
ֱͽΪڵƬ߬ü˵ƲסزΪʲô
ϱӲʲô飬ⱲҲֻ̫֪һԼõˣˡ
ͷɽϲǶԶûܾȵ
Ϊĺӵصףܼܰȥ
һ˲ҪǺݺһֶ˻ȥ
ڲ˵ʱ򡭡Լ侲ȥǣ첻ڣǰȱ˵ᱻ½ʯơ
̧Ҫߣǧȴû
ǧ٣ˡ
ߣȥ˿տ޹ӣ
ͽΪʶȥԼ۾Ȼֱƭˣûᡣ
㡭
ɡ
ǧ֣Ҳ𲻴ӦһԵȥͽΪ̸ֻȥ
ΪƵúܺãû뵽Ǳ
ѾûˡͲзḻһ࡭ǧԱʱҲ
ģ
ġ
ͷҪοοңҲС
޷һֳǿķʽǰޣе̲ס
ðûв𴩣Լϥǣǽɰɡ
ͽΪҲûܾ͵ȥΪٲҪ̲ס˵ʱıŨ
ӦñҸܡ
ⶼȥˡԴȻŲһףһнȥ㰢ɡ
𣿡
Ȼ
Ϊʲôô϶ͽΪתͷ§סխ
ǧᣬƽȴĳƶΪͽΪȥߣߵĵط
ֹңҲҪһȥü
ÿɷ񣬿ʣʵһֿܡ
ʲô
˵Ϲ졣ǰ˴ţǼ֮ʹ벡ʹ޿֣Ҳδɡ
ͽΪһ㶣ڵģ
ǧٵҲֻ˵Ͼ䱾лҲܴñ̫ϣﵷǶû˼ס
ȥֲҲȥҪȥ졣۵ͻȻ˸⣺ô֪
ǰһ뻹군΢οʹֱӱ
ǧָ£ʧЦ
ǱӰǿᶨƺһݴݣźȻԭǰǸѾôߣôɿ
ҲƨɺͰ͵ؽɩɩҲҪѧѧ;ɥ
ѾǸˡ
һ⣬иܣѡ
·𽥽ģͻȥԶĵطȥ˵ֵط
ǧ٣ٲҪˡ
վˡ

״ϡ
ƺһ½ʯͻȻ䣬ȪˣƷǸʱƺþǴװĴԶԼȥԼĻӰʱ
ħ֮ƺĳϵ
ûɱװ˵Ǹȷѡ
ڣ½ʯ˸ܲ͸磬ʿʱԶֻͷ˵һ仰ҵȻΪװ˾ˣұûɱ˷ǧٵģϧʵڿϧ
˵ƽͣսҲŲںЩ˵ˣҰֺǿмܶûáֻøɸɾ
ȰǸϽװħ˲Źǡ
Ȫ֮ǰǾտݼƭס֪࣬ûѪԼ޴Ѫ
ͽΪͷǧټһȳһյʱѾ˵ȥ֮⣬кöˣڶء
ã
ɨħ޵ħĸ鷳Ȫһʱֻзһ·
Ƕû°ɣ
û£װסˡ
𡭡ƻɹˡ˿
ͽΪ
Բ𣡣ȻͻȻģϹ˸񣬾Ͳûͷءߵ
ԲãĶԲǸʱӲѣĸͺһ֪ô˵ֻˡ
̧ͷ
Ǻģǲı˵©죬ô֪ԭԼ嶯ʱԱʵһ
һ뵽ͽΪԼǷˣľ͸͹ϼһ
Ĳ֪ôˡвҪʵҡһȭɣ
۰չϿ췣
ͽΪŷӦ
ˡ
ã㲻ҶԼԼ
治á
ã롪Ӵ
ͽΪջ֣£˵¡
ǧ٣
Ǵ˰
װ½ʯ㶼ס£ǶġȻ½ʯӣװȴ˵˺ܶҪ鱨
ħ񡭡˥䣿ٵģ
Ǹ״̬װҲûᳶѡ
»ǽɡӽ취̽̽ʵ̽̽ڷ磿
˵
ҵ˰һǵһħиܺø㶨ķӭ𣿡
ŶͽΪǵãǸʲôһģͷǧٵĹȥԨԴʹһġ
ԣɫ糣ûʲôӦ
ǾʹְɣͽΪħûӦŮѾץˡ
ԶڵƬº˸Сƿصװͷǧһ˲ϡ
ڵӺ䶼½ʯ㣬ͽΪҲ˵ͣ׼ͷǧٻħ
ϥ͵˼ᣬͽΪֵĳܵ㣬ԽԽ˼
֮ǰԼǸҪǧ٣ǰʲô
ʧȻǿסɣ
˵ʲôʱ򣿡ŶϵĶʵ
ôͻȻ
˵̫ԣӣҲ͵㶫㡣
ԽԽˡĿǰ۵ײŲ˼
ұͲǣС˳ɳ㲻øҸܶˡ
ǡǸøˡ
Ҫʲô
ͽΪ˼ʱ̫ˣֲܲժ·ߵĻݲݸһ䣺һˣҪʲôҶŬ취
ǧͣ½ŲЦЦ᣺á
治Ҫ
šջ֣ҪģСҲ𡣡
ͽΪ
Ʋˣ


66 
ĺӵصײѩ, ֻд̹ǵĴ
ҵʬкʱʱӭҡΣ¾˾ռߣɲķ羰ǶԲճһ
װ, ħŮΪæգȴӰŮǶ, ϶ֶײħֻǽⲻˡ
ֻаһ֪ܡ
ͼװ֮ǰȥ˼ħԭ㱨μҵĶġ
ǻ㱨
˵ʲô˶ûзӦķ·һ
һ̲ס̧ͷ۽΢΢ζ, ŵøϽֵͷֱ뿪ħųһ
ħѵ˯ˣ
̫ǡü, ħƽʱҪ˥١
ʵδָȫһϲ, ǡ
Ϊʱ硣ȰѶμʰ˵ħҪˣ½аĻǲǲҪͷӵˡ
˵ǡϾһ, ϶ס
ǲ²ֹ, ĺӵصҲǷҵ֮
ǧ, һ, ڵʵԲġ㲻ʶô
ԥԥ֪죬ļ尾
һǼ, һԼ˽
ǧʱһܺڡڵûдӦ, 䵽ء
ֻԤ뻹, Ҫۿǧʹڵģ
ֻ, һǿܾƺܳһЩ
, ħƴ˸ܾˣħ֮ĳֳ˥ֻ̬֮Ҫջ, δ֮
ڷǧ٣ʱ֪Ĵʲôã˶Ѿˣ
ö𵤣ûжҪˡ
һҹշת࣬¶ġ
ڿ϶Ӷβ̽ĺӵص׺Ͷμһˣ覹˼ߡ
Ҫֻڡ
ħĶ࣬¯ʶԽߵһƫרø෨ǵڶ⡣
һﵥ**
ʰ
ֻҪɷǧٵڵͿԿԼ뿴ġ
ѡ
ԽԽ󣬿һ˵ļϣһ΢ȵͣ½Ų
ǰˣǷ˭
ô
⸽䱸ؿ
к£
ͽΪڷǧ󣬴ԴٲȻǸûڸеŮһ˵㣬Ů˵ˡ
ԭΪˡ˿ʲô£æء
Ұûڵ֪ȥĶ𣿡
Ȼ˵Ϊʱ磬԰һ̷˶ļ˽⣬϶Ѿʼж
˵ӡƳͽΪ
ߡǧٵ
ͽΪ˸ȥ
ײӰһŷģ㲻ڵڼ䣬ҺͼȥħĹôţ
ħ˥Ʋ˵ȳμɱħ
˵ħ챦鵤ҩ緱ǣ˵ħǿڵѾ㹻óɰʿѪ
Ĵŵڴֿɼ
ҲæҽʱڼԼ䣬ֵôһΪоˣ
ǧЦǷҵһӣҪҸʲôұʲô
СӴһƤЦⲻЦ̬ȣΪǳ̬ȰҪǷǧٳ˷ˣôɱҲþܰϼʲôæ
硭
һ뷨Ȼ֣ЦҸæɡ
ðһסͽΪ˵ڶ⡣
طô󣬾ȻûҲûӡʯүӳ۾͵˵ʱһţħѾ΢ֵطزסˡ
кصĻҳζ͸Ĵ΢ĹɼҳƮɢڿУͽΪֱ߾һߴľй񣬳֮⣬ĽҲźüϱķǹ󵽺ͳйһߵС룬ϡŹ֣ӦоС
ʲôģǺܸ߼ķӦòЩͷɣ
ǡʰ϶ͷúܡȥСҡ
˵ʵ͸ĿռûɶͽΪԣջܴ
ʱȣüס뵽ĳ嶯۹۱Ǳǹģ߽С䣬ҵ
룬һ˸ߵľ޴εۻ̬ƿ
쳯³ţƺҪʲô
ǲǾ˵ģʡ
ʯү̾üһԭħˡֲãҳָ׸ôˣﰡ
ˣ˵ϻô죿
ǧħ·ϣԼһ˵ˡ
֪ʲôʱʹĻ˵Ĺ¯ࡣ
ڰһħһֻѽιǧʱļ䡣
ΪҲнһأϾһˡҪӲȻвͨ
ǾͳиʱһסͽΪа취Ұɡ
ȷʵа취
ⲻ񼶷ܲٿصöᱻɰɣ
ִͷϣʯүظı֤Ծɴɡ
ж಻ң˵СĶμѪرġ
ǰҲô˵ĻͽΪ֪ζʲô
ңǧ컹˵ܴҲûС룬үӲһ
˵ǶμȣҲǼǧ֣ƾʲôֻĳһţ
ιŲˣ㡣
ͽΪ񣬻У̼䣬оԾڵƴҪ赲ߡ񼶷֮ǰٿشͷʱǳ׾١
ײĽŲҲԽԽʯүڴߴ٣㰡죡
𳳳֪
ҧ̵ĵðһ棬ȫһУʹɢ˸ɾȫƿء
ǧٸڰһ뷿ʱڰֻһ޴ʯڴˡлһսζһƳһŵشֶԴ˺޲
˰ɣ㣬ǧٵǽ˵֣ɱġ
ǧüҵҪֽǧٵڵô
졣һɱˣڼʲôǡָֻҰ˵仰
ﶢԼ˻ᣬʶȤصͷЦ֪áϾ㰢㣬ô˵Ҳһ˶ʮܼ꣬һ棬ǺĲҲԱһ𿴡
Ľ𵤣ǰ߬߬ڻǽϵ¶ȡ
Ѫ⣬ôܻд£
ƺҲʶ㣬ɴſ֡
춯ˣһ¡
÷ڶֲͷ״ĵضԷǧ˵롣ȼʰ˶μҺħʲôҪĽ͡ҿȥȡ
ģ
Ȼƭ
ǧ°ͳĬ
˼ļ϶һסСеǰ
𣿡
ģۣ̌ţҡ
һ
һĳֺֿ죬ֱʺϢһʵ÷˵Եģˣ˭ùô˵ĵطײԼأ
ԭûˣ֮ôͷԲѡ
ڲˣ
ԼִĴʵ뿴ǧǰʲôҲû취ֻܶʹɱ֡ϧûܾȵ𵤡ˡ
Σ
ɣ
Ц
һ룬ĶһͣסСžء
һվָסĺ󾱣һɼһϸСȴǿ˲Ƥ뾭Ǹ߽׽һֻ֫һ飬ܶ
Ҳ̫ˡͽΪǧ١
ϾҺ˽㰡ǧٳһ۾ǰɣһ

ԡ
ﲻԡ
ﲻܻ¶ı顣
졣
ǳ졣
ڱ͵ϮУ۾㡭
ʱ΢âǽ𵤳ܽ⣬ȡм䡣
ƾճֵľ޴ĻУûаһеķǧǰľ
һȺħޣһֻħţ
Ѫħţڱŷħţ㵵ú񿴼ʲô⾰һ˲ɻǷ˹ϡ
ǣôأ
㡭ƭҡǷǧٵڵ
ڲŷ֣е˰ɡ
ţݡ
һţıӵƭŲҡ
ûˡͽΪҲϣ˽ĺ󱳣һֱŵˤϱʹѡ
ħӹˣʿľĶ˻
ֻ˵á
ǽô죿ɱͽΪϵĻҡ
αװ֮ôĶ˵ʵҪӽܼ򵥡
ħ񡣱ϾħѪá
ղŸ˵ʲôˣ
ǧף΢ħ˥ġƺж˵ˡ
ôأ
صøٵһ
ǡ
ৣ
˵ʱûעԱߵİһԪӤʿĸ߼䲻ܱ𵤴ƣͽΪܷġ
һĪƿʱϮʱ𣬸ղƴֿʱҲһЩ
ھȻ˰һ
ɱڣʿһʲôĶ
ͽΪٶҲ졣
룬ٿʶνҲˣһʯүӣ̧ȵѸ͵磬һš
ɽ·ˡ
ıĵذ塢ҳĿľƤǽ桢׹΢âĵһ˲ǰ类һصģЩΪԼʹȥ
ʱһɲŵú
һеһľûκ춯·Լʱ䡢ֹ

Ҳ֪ȥãԶһľãֺֻǶ̶һϢ
ͽΪ´ʵصĴУǸղڿյС
Ұʱ¿ʼٵš
ۡ
ûо޴ﶼǱڲ
ҶŰȻ⣬ھ¿ͥԺнӳӲӵŹбͷһץܽůС
һˮ沨ԣ߲ʵĹ⣬ˮβƵζǾĺӵص׵ɫ
ԡʲô
Ķ
Ķ
ʲô
һأ
ǧأ
ͽΪһµԭس˼һʯСϺȻңңŲ
Ա߽Ӱϡû״֮ǰ˽ǳ
ŲԽԽļŮ˵һ˴С߳ͽΪҰΧʱһȺŮˡ
ԡ
ˡǴ컯ħޡ
Ůӵ룬վһʮŮ
׵ӣںڵķһǳľ·ţ޷¶l°ͼ⣬ǲ߸˵ĸоʮ䵭ͽΪĪиоһ˿Ϥ
Էʵڿ
۾ǰһŮȻ߿ͽΪӦ죬Ӱ㣬˼ûעֻڿͷ֦ͣ˼ֻߴߴ񡣴Ҳĳ
С㣬Щôˣ
Ůҡͷ߰ɣײ£
Ŷ԰ǵÿ㡣
תŮȥͽΪȴӰס
ʿѣôľ룬ϴˡ
ղŮ˵ꡣôǷǧ١
ǻûȫſҲûôߣ˵ʱĿһһ޶Ҳ񣬸ղתʱһۣѾ㹻Ī棬ͬѩò
ǾǷǧ١
ǧ٣


67 
ˡ
ʯүʱת, ղͻĿռ仯ƺݵʧȥʶ
ǲĹͽΪջߣܳĶ
ʲôҵѾͷԼŪĺðɣ
ʯүԴأղѲʶ̽˰һʶ㲻֪ȥļ䰡
ȥļ䣿
֮ǰġڼҸûʵ塣
ȴܲһֲܴ, ҲܿԼˮĵӰ, , Ҳܱе֪
ͲֹǿԹ۲䡣Ϊߣû󻯵γɻþ룬һȴһ
, ˵Ǽ, ˵ǹȥļֻӽǺ֪һ, , ͿԿ⵽֪֮
Ƕμ档˾䣬⡣
ͽΪˡ
Բǧ١
ǹȥղǸǹȥķǧ١
ǵʶأͽΪʣ㲻֪뿪İ취
ʯүӵϴһ۲ʱ, ǵʱ粻ͬ, Ƿġ˵зǧ, ˡ뿪İ취ɰͰЦû취
ͽΪʲôû취
ϴôӷļȥģȻҲֻܿͬķӡƳͱˡ
Ҳ˵ȼȻ, ܱųȥҪһֱ, Ǿֻܱһӡ
ͽΪһȭͷðɡҲţұе⡣
ȥķǧ١
֪˵˽ǴʮһμԺʼģڹȥ, ֻ֪һЩִھɡ
ǿհס
ϸһ룬ڵķǧҲʮʮꡣ
Լǰܰʲô˵ף
߽ȻŵݣŮ˱ܣһ㣬ü׵񵭵ס
ôڲڵ񻨵ϣбɫûʲô顣
ûŮ⻽ң·ֻֿȸһᡣ
㵹רעúܣȻȷǷﶼǿ㡣
ǧһ
ۡһʲôӵǰѪĭڰĻƤ̺ϣһֻƶǵޡ
ĴΪҲǳ
̼ǵʱ۾ˮ飬߼ʱʳ̬䣬ǿסĴСܷŮϲ
һҹڻԷýˡϲǳ·Էݣûʲô
ǰһİ裬ǷӵʿȻҪʼ䡣
꽣ԾͻȥˣʲôҲû
𡣡ƺҲûûǷǧΪҪʲôǵԼָ̧̧Ͽ͡
ҵһκܳľ룬ʿǱߣΪһСصذѷǧٽлʲô˵ߣȥڶԴһ
ǧһ˳ȥ
ŮǶɢˣǱܷԸġ
³ˣǧҲûȤڱլ׼ͷʱǰǽȻ߳һˡ
ǸŮˡ
øЯ˰ѽһͲŮ
˭ʣͺ䵭
ͽΪһ٣ͦ׼񣺡С㣬ҽͽΪ
û㡣
ֵͽʿСǲסҲ
ִţʿ緱ǣǧֶʱﲻʶҲ
ûģ̧žߡ
ҪͽΪһټķҺլҵ˾Ͳ֪ʲôʱǰ׷СҪȥĶ
θɣ
ҿԻȥҲš
ľȥҲûô㡣

ǰûȫθߣԼô㣬̬ȴöڷǧ٣ͽΪӿһĸо
Ͼƽʱûλ߿ԼԼΪСȻڴϰŪ˶ҪϽͣĳ̶ȡ
ڣԼ곤һ
ν׳˵ﻹֻǻþͽΪûʲôģûͣ׷ûˣС˵ˣֲϡô
ʲôƺᷳƲ΢̵ĕiβǷ򣿡
ͽΪͷ򲻹ҡ

ֻ˵ǧٵǷǧ٣ٳʮһ£Ҳȵó棬ļ𴽽¶൱Ц⣬һµġ
ҪȥĶֻƶʡ

ãһȥ

ҵ˶֪ʿײϸ񣬽׼ȷ¹ϵڲˡ
һֶʿ˷ǧҲùʺá
µˣûй
ǧͣ½ŲͽΪҲͣ¡㡭
৵һѩĽ⼸ɲǼʡ
ͽΪԷǧʱеиôԪӤʿӦٶȷѰʿɱ⣬ǧٵĽԼٶӭʱȻûܱܿ
ˮأһİݣˮͬˮǽһɽվͽΪû⣬˸ȫʪ
Щȡ
ǧڵľӦҲͽᵤѡôôţģ
СΪûԼҡȫʢڵʵ죬һߵķǧҲЩȻȻѸٱ㻯Ϊ⡣
ڽƣα㲻ϸƨ棬͵һơ
ͽΪʪ·絽ˣľһ
Ȼ壬ǧǹһʵȻóȥǡ
һʱҲɲ뱻СԼķǧٸſ£Ů˵ĸ飿
齣ĵ洦죬ʵǿۣͽΪ˿ûбѹõơ
㵽˭ʵֻǵͽʿǧսšüƯǳɫֳ︡ɡ
ͽΪû̧һߡ
ǧٴ侲ʵսûôḻ֪ΪӮԷǳսթһûվȣͿʼƫҲɢˣݵȥ֮ǰͽΪץסֱۣһֻֻסıԼһ§
һϡǧٵײ
ûӦͽΪ͵ͷ˶ռ˵£һ׳˵㶯һᵽ趹㡣
ղΪʲô㣿
Ϊϲ㡣ġ
̵棬ǰϵԡ˵˷Ʒһ
ǧԭ΢΢סӦһ⻰˼ɫ¶ǵ
ԭһĻһ
⻹Ǹĥ
ŶԣӦϲԺ㡣ͽΪȫ֪Լɱ̬ͷϾϿء
ǧ٣


68 
вȥҵޡͽΪһȭվ
෢ʹļ, ԺķǧٴûôԼȫµ顣
˸ղĸغϵĽ֣ʵѾ㹻̽һʿĵס
ǧ˽ƻ, ͽΪһ۵ľ, ڷˡ䣿
ŲǡͽΪҲ˵ϲŸġ

תߡ
ͽΪ, ûٱϡǧôô֪ܲڵ򲻹
û, ҲûãϻŴС㡣

͵
, ۼʿ, µգҰ, ʿڿյϱԽ
һ, ȱ, Ⱥ, Ǹ̾, һΧ۵İһѵ⼸ýȡҡ
꿼ֻñȣԺ󡭡С㡣ǧ, һæ񣬰һŽȥΪʲô
޵¡ǧٵ㻹ûǺΪ
ǡѾʹʿ, ǻҹġҶ˯
һǷʿ֮ף˶֪СֻӰ룬񡣰һҹ, Ǽ߷˵ʿҲʮֱ
ڰ
ѾûˡЦЦ̧ǧ٣СҡҶԾ㹻ˡ
⻰˵, ٷβ׹γֻһ˲ΧĿһڷǧϣ¶ǵͽΪü
ֻڹˣ
ԱͻȻܳ˵ڷǧǰܲһ㣬Ǻˣ
ҵʿҼͣ㲻֪Ҳ
һûӡʿ¾ײһˡҶԼԲѷ
û˽̹ɣá
ѧһŴС㿴
ȫ˸ղ˭ѡС㡱ﻹǿһµġ
㡪㵨󡣡һⱲӻûôˣ²ŭЦȻˣҪұһˡ
ŶӳҪ³𡣡
ӳҪ˱ԣ
ףҺûǸʿ˭
һŽѵ˼ڷǧǰ֣ŮڷڵǸҲߡ
˭ͽΪţֱӰν
롣
һЦ֪ôĶ˷ǧ٣ԷĮģǡ
ҲǴСôصʿ
Ȼô֪ᱻԼʰβܡ
°һù˼ɣߵСͽΪҲڶվס
˫ֽڳƣһ롪ٽ
ǷҵľתڶмܲסһֻһоܰŮ˴ſ¡
ŰѲӰѸײڶ֮ϮͽΪţеӷ׷׺ȲʣǰһֵһСڷܵС
ȻӰһѾ޽Ҫͷȥɲǣ׻һ³ǻͷͣ·һľתǰ˫ȴױȼմ
յʣ
ͻ¹ס߲ͣЪֱţ
ĿɿڴֻһҽУ治Ĳͷ­̵¶ȸԶյǡ
ͨ
ʵʵص
˲ΡΡȥﵹŵ˲Ůޣǡǳݵİӳ
սѪǱòǸղŻڷźݻˡ
ࡢһȻˣ
Ȼһͽʿ
ôᣡ
ѻȸһʱܽĳ档
ͽΪѾսʣȥػһ¶ֵҲޣһǧٸǰôʰˡƵûһӵݣǰˡ
ģûָü졣
ûҪôǧٵӮһǵʵǰȷʵ
Ҿǵ濴ˬУ

ʿ߽ŰְѰһƣƺڰܱﲻţһƿˣ˵һǰˣģⲻƽ
˶óͽΪһиӲӲûѡ
һѪüëյƤΪ
Եķǧٽһ£ȥɫ֪ΪЩף糣ʤѷ֣һο㼼ˡ
䵭ĿǣֻǳʵڰһȴǶĪʹһ৵ϣ˪Ƶġ
ͽΪÿ°ȮƵؿһʷǧ٣СҪȥҲ
Ҳϲ˴š

йᡣ
类Сء
ֻû˾á
ɣ˵ˣɱ˻þڵˡʯүӵþǹȥĳ֣Ҳ޷ıơ
ͽΪԹˣġ
ǼȫԽһյǻҶǣֻˡ
Ȼ޷ı֣Щʲô
ͷ£ҹĻ١
ͽΪͷ˺ܾãʿ½½һأȴٳûǧٵӰ
ܵһƾȻˡ
ͷͻطұլ;֮ǰһʱĳߣѪζ
Ȧһô·ֶߡ
ʮֻȸ񶼲Сͳͳ˿ƶǣѪһأһȣûá
ʲô޴ˣħޣϾϲѪ⣬ǳҰѪȡ
ͽΪ£ҷǧȥѰǿĲݴ¸ǻȥ
֮ǰϳûˣϾˣͽΪҲڷǧٵķͷȵ𴲡
ô㣿Ư골ţüһš¶ǵӶ
ͽΪԺȲ裬ǸղŮͷվ˺ܾãϽ˲裺ôãôһԾˡ
ǷǧٵĴˡʲô£
û£˵̬ܲܺõ㡣

ˡʮˣʮ壬ұ󡣶곤ߣӦñʾӦеľ⡣
϶µĿ⿴
磬ҽ㡣
ǧ㣿

˵ͬһˣ˿Ŀǣʮһķǧһޡ
ûס
ǧճҪȥ˭֪紫ķҡȻôһߣﵥһ˺ˮɶҲûС
ͽΪںͷֱͦεı;мŮҴҶ򣬶ǲԺʮֻ񱻷֡
һ¸ǧ˵ˣʿǼؽ䱸һ޲Ҳˣͷô񡣡
Ǽ¡ֲҲġ

ķǧٻûô˵ͽΪвˬץס֡
̹ǣŽϸС˺̫ۡɫҲ̫á
˯𣿱һˡ
ǧһ㶣û뵽˵ôʡ
ôˣֵ
ռռ˾͵йˣͷȴָմȾѾɵĺںɫѪ
ǧٷžشһ¡û顣
Ҳĥһԡ
ͽΪ
ʹ
Ҳ֣ûһݳ
ͽΪһ͸еʿͶߣмɵη廹мʡ
ȻҲŴСˡ
ѶӳǱҲ̫ЩСʶҲ¶ӳĺ
˭֪һԷǧĹȶԼҪ硣
㡣
ȺСͽΪһһԲཱུСʿǼһԣȻСŵķ
ǧͣ˽Ų״Žǰ㣬ҽּסһЩŮ
أ
ҡֻúͰһǲǾͿԺͰ㡭
ͽΪۼ⿴ǧٴһŬҲûã

Ͱ͵Ȧͨ죬Ӷȥ
ͽΪѧˣſţԱߵʿָܱܳǿ
ΪʲôԷǸ̬ȣڷǧٽȥǰʵ
˵ǷǸ˵ˣ
֪֮ˣ³಻ա
⻰ˣȴ֪Ϊκķ꽹
ͽΪ߬úָܽؽڷס
û°ɷǧ١ǰϿʼͲԾҪǲͻȥš
ġ
ֱ򿪣סſ򣬲Щ΢ε߽

ͽΪûֻܶŷ￴Ȼ״̬ԡ
ƮģңԼ·ûֻǻӽĶԽԽµĽֱ⣬·Ϊʲô
ô£
ʲôʱ¶֣ͽΪ׼Žȥͣ£ʱ˵ÿ
Ƿҵʿ
ҪʹС̸
ͽΪҴС鷳ȴҡ
ҴС鷳ʿΪ˰ӳΪԼ˴Сʶ͡
ڴǧٵ
ûСǽȥϽ·
ͽΪ࣬鲻Ըõ
ſڡǧֵȥһϢһ㹻ˡ
˼Ҫ֧¡
ҲСźָֻ
ҴûǧٹҪ˵һỰ
ͽΪլߡ
һϣͷڱͺֻܻˣƤ³ʱͬʱʹĥˡ
ǧκõģϴؾסһͷ
ʹϼʹеʲô
𶯡
߽ҲֻǼӿٶȣĻһʹôУϵкȻûˣһƤ³˳
㡭
ᣬǷǧġ
ǡǴС㡭ػૣǴСȻǶҡӴι
ͽΪλ˵
ЦֶҺʹСʲô
˵ŴӴ
㡭㲻һʱٵˣʲô֪ң֪СһС˵ܡ
ܣ
һֻҲܴܽСһС㣿㲻ܡ
㻰أʲôܣͽΪס½
һѣֻͽͣԷŪΪҵİôףһң⣿һ᲻˳լۡ
ʲô˼
ҪڣͻȻǸ֪ʲô͵ŤͷҪһųȥ
ι
ͽΪϡ
ݣ£ҲᵽˣһڿеģŨҵѪζ
һղǷвص
ǧǲۣûע
ͽΪüԽԽ

鱻žײŨѪζ˲ش̽˵ıǻ
·ͻȻԤס
ӦԤ׵ģֻûע⡣
ͽΪվڰһ󣬿һƬ죬ĤһѪ졣
һʱǰɸɾ£ĵذѪ۳һɫСӡ
Ťҵʬ۹ܵڵϣʧȥͫ컨壬ǰ㵻δȫɢȥ
֨֨
ߴߴ
ʮ˵Ѫⱻѹ߬ʳ쳣ְػصŵĻƻ֮¡
ǧپʬԣ綯߿
һűѪȾĕiпգ״ĿĽ֯ϡϣ˫۾Ų˵ɫʣһͬѪĹ
һûסЦ⣬ֺô⣺С㣬ԳɱһҲˡô˵Ļᱻֵİ
ʲô
ͽΪ롣
ǣǧ
С㣬֮ǰ͵͵ɱˣҶˡβˡһ֪طġ
һһһʿηҲ޴㵣ЦųϲءһһǰǰûϵңҲ԰㡭
ǰŮаѪȾʪֳƽʱȻͬ
ҹշתࡢǣӵ
ֻҿ԰㣬С㡣
ǧĮȻһᣬȻҲһЦҪôң
ǻѪȴɱһ˻ǵѪ⣬̸۽յ͡
ҿԺ֤˵ЩǱɱһĿֱⷢ¶**ֻҪֻҪԸίҡЩʬ壬Ҷ㴦˭ҲᷢɵĻ¡ô
ʵ̲סʣԼҲûѸɾԼͿʼشģһֻ**ʹҰޡ
ǧվһڰһѣ͵ƾһʿ
ó棬һ⧲ײǽϣӶ˶
ǧʰ𽣣˹Ȼȷġӵġޱȵɱ⡣
ȵȣ㣬㲻ܡ³ѪʹףûǧٸҾܾ
֪ɱ˶ŮʿǷʱҲħһао
ɺܿһ뵽һᣬΨһһ÷ǧԼĻᡣ
ô࣬ΪԴƣٲҲƣ˿ȴ˵̬ȡ
ˣûſˣС㣬ֻܰ£Ѿݲ㣬ΪŹ𣿰ܣɣֻܽ㣡
ȴЦҪ㣬죬ţ綼Ҫ
С㣡
ȵľ£һ֪ȾܣʯʱЩˤϱ
ȥҷ챨棬Ҳ㵣ﵷǣ㵽ס
ǧ󱻸ķͰһǿнΪ˽֣þȫֽŽʶϡ
ǧʹ˻Ϥȴֺİ
¶Ѫ˵Ѫ̶һ磬ɱҰʿǿƶǣء
ǹ˼ﵷǰһڴ˵ؾͽ
󣬷ǧٱתƵһ˵Ժӣӡĵط
֮ǰ˷ʿĲпģþֱºƽ
½½ȥΣǧҪôտڲ̸Ҫô˵Լˣ֪ʱΪʲôͶ֡
״ܲѰɷﵷʩµɷķ컹ûзı¡
ȷϷǧƽʱֽ˳
һΣõĹޡ
ǣסҲˡ
ͽΪվӰŷģ̌۵вյЦһ
˵ʵİ
ޱİ
ǰˣǷǧ
ͽΪڴʱȻ֮ǰְʾԵĻ֪ҵĹȥҲˡ
ɽôԷʹַͣµĵ𶯣ķ羰Ѹɫȥļ侹ȻڴʱҪȻֹ
ɼ仹ʲôûʲôɻû⿪ֻɵøࡣ
ڻþǰһ룬ǧٵ촽˲̫΢еһ

ȥץסû壬žһһڣþˡ


69 
δ,δ
лˮ
һɾ޴ĳͽΪʶȻ磬ǿ˫ۡ
۵Ĺ,ʹЩᡣ
ˮڲ첻졣
,йָֻһЩȻȾᵽѪζ
ôᡣ
ֲǻڼ
Ұڽǰһ̲ʱͽΪһ˲Ϊ,Լû뿪þ
ͽΪˣ
ǧٵ
վԣűߡŷʬ,Ա߻иѾİһ
˵ѪڵеذһƬ,˳жβ̨׹ȥǱһ̴ǻڵ,
ǧ˪ϻȾѪ,ѪźâӲɱǰʿ,
û󵽹̬һ㣬
šǧٲ΢̵βӹһѪ,Ҳ,ģ㷢㶵ʱ,ˣԾһɱˡ
Բų
Ҫû,ľԼϾһղǳɱġ
ô¡
ͽΪŵ϶,ǻûü㱻˲ɱ״ɴƺдŴ㵡
ͷеʹ
ڻþ̫ˡ
㿴𣿡̲סʡ
Ϊǧ˵Ǽʱ,ȷǿ˵ģǱҲ֪ķǧٺơ
ԲˣһġȥǸǧ,Լûʲôˡ
ʲôˣǧüսʣˣվˣˡ
ߣʣȥĶ
˯Ժ˲ɣǲ̽ħ˥Ƿʵ𣿡һǰѾ֤Ҳȡ
㻹ʲô
ȻҪȥɱħˡ
ħħ֮սͳ׽ˡⲻǵĿģ
Ŷʶģͷǣ߰ɡ
ȥħ·ûκˡ
޴ˮħ޾ֻбߺͱټִܹĺӵص˵
ͽΪԴ˥龵ƺػħ
ô򿪣ǲ֪ͨȪһ𣿡ʶûôˣʼǷе³ç
ǹƥʲôû׼ҪȥɱħҲ̫˵㡣
ǧٵָⴥ淺һˮһŻӾг
ͽΪ˵ʲôѾɷ˵̧Žȥ
޾ĳǵĳҹУԨûлͷ·ֻǰֻͨһطҲֻһյ㡣
ǰŵĻµá
ͽΪ֪ǸŽˣڷǧ󣬿ƽȣݲȣȴΪղŵĻþһͷˮһҡ
ΪʲôܴȾӣǰǿɻ
ûС
ղΪʲôڱ
˵ˣͿһ죬׷ײǡ
ǣΪô£ͽΪŻʹԴôɱˣ
ʱ˵Ҫĺӵص׷һ룬кܶġҾܾˡ
ͽΪǶȣʲô顣
ҧǧ٣ûз˵˺ܶ൫ʵʲôûҽͣ㼱ʲôȪҲս
ǧٵͽΪ֮ǰ˵һҪȥ죬֪˼ݵİ취𣿡
ͻȻ
ҡͷ
ﵷ֪ħҲ֪ǶʧˡһУңʧܵĽҸղźȻ¡
ʲô˼
ûлشĻ˴˿гȣħѾˡ
޴컨ϻ谵ƻĵƣǻһһ·ŵ˴Σ֮
ͷһˡ
ߣĿȫڵֻܿӼڵӰ©һ½ǡ
ͽΪסڷǧȥ
һһ
ܾ裬ȴһˡ
ѥӲڹĲϣܴ״֫ڿĿռȴԵ΢š
ͽΪվ׿屻Ӱѹ˵ˡ
ӣʹͷ­һʯǰήֲ硭
û΢ıϢ
ħ
˵Ļа
ɱ磬ţʿɱ֪ף

ǧٰνͽΪ䱸᲻թ
װ˵Ѿ˥һʱգ½һҲʲôթ
ͽΪ˵ﲻԣɾǸоԡǿҵΥ͸ײ
ſ
ץš
ȸңôָģ
Ц˵𣬲֪ȡˡСôʣǲ𣿡
ĿƽһǷǧٱˡӹɡ
ڹȥļ￴ǸġаġѪģ˭Ǹķǧ٣˭
Ϊʲôܽ⿪ˮΪʲôҪɱħ񣿲˵ɱ˵ǡ
ûκθݺֻۣǱܣܲһʿеıֿǡ
ȣҪӴ󣺡ǧ٣Ӹղſʼͺܹ֡
͵ֱӳ磬ͽΪûüӦֱ۰Ӵʧȥ֪
ǿ˼סΣָ˼̧ͷȴûƵģǣЦЩɬķӦҲ֮С
ҵĹȥ׻ǻˣ
ͽΪһ㶣Ӧ
Ȼ֪ˡ
Ϊʲô֪
ңûСûл
ֻǾ֣óȻжҲǸõѡ
죬Լȫӡж
ֻܿŷǧٵĽָħǻװڵλá

޴춯
ڵըɲǼ䣬ƻϨзͽΪĶǧٵʲô塣ֻһϸСȴķץסĸ첲ϰ壬ȳˡ

ô
Щ֮˵֮ߣ

ʮʱǰ
Χħһظǽ̬ýأûһ˽
ǿΣԵݣʱ˿̣ȴԵ÷ǳ
ʯҡҷŷ緢ײڽϴʱǸħ޵Ļ
ҼԣҼħʹ͸Ψһʦ˵Ķ
ħ񡭡
ɣҵô˲Ĵ
ȻƷʾ֪ܳƽӹ֮֡
Ҳ˲ֱӳħɡ
ħɽ¾󣬵Ƕ춼ýһ߸̾Լûһ߳˿
ħ֮ʱͽһڳʱ񶯾СԹ˵ĵصҲǸܡ
ʦĸзӡͷתתתתҲûҵƽİ취ʯһţײӡȻֱӱƻ
ħôģ
塭͵ù
Ⱳû˹Σεѵˡû壬һ޴İ͸
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شŮɣӦáףƴˣİڵڻţҲû𡭡ǷﵷǸ˺ġ
ڵʲôãǮΪ⡣
ҪǸһ磬˶ҪΪڵѰڵһǰڵŮߣȻħ˴֮֡ûһ
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пǧһȥ̴ħǻѪɽϣĵǲᣬ
ǧ٣Ҫ𣿡
Уһֱ˵š
㱻ʧȥġ㱾Ӧӵеġƿص
ˣίȫֻڱעӱˡŬˣҲԹˣɹȻϲ
ץסҰɡһΡϵħ֧֮䡣
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˵Ҳôѡעźڰ˵ҲҪǺˡ
ߴߴǧٴѪٿس޳ƯָµİڵѪɫɫų⡣


70 
죡
ͽΪôһ·ϻ,ֻѪħſϷ֡
ϰѰɣǼһﶼǷǧˡ
ŭһȭģüҸ˵Ƿǧˣ
ͷҶ˵ˡ
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ħˡûϡҶҲ򲻹ϵϢԼɲһ
˵ʲôʦ,ܿίڵأǡû𡭡
ͽΪûʲô˼Ƿǧʲô˼
쿴ɫܳ,԰Լ֪Ķһ,ʬħĽ,˵Ĵˡλһֱħһڵ,ǷﵷǸɵġڵɷ,ػΪѰһҵԷ,ǧٵõһ롪ħȫ
ħҲ,൱ھµħǻԭķǧ𣿡
ﵷǵ֪Լ,ħµķǵİڵ
ڵлᵮµ,ػ»ȡԼķ
ħᱻԼɱ
ǰص˶,γһֽƵ衣
ڵķǧ,ѱ֧˰ɡٴ˵ʲôҲû,ֻɱ㡣˸Ĵ߿š
ͽΪӲʧȥǵĸо
ֻ˵ûȫʴ¡ɱ¾ǿʳѪ⣬ǱܵĿ˵ġһֻֻʱ⡣

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˵ͽΪҲûȫҪ˵ǲ̫ˣһۣʼ翪ʼеν⹤
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Ŷˡħûָ߼еġ


71 
µĶ͸ղűȽȻͬ,öĤʹ˼Ҷ
ȫȫһԪĶ
ˡ
˵ͽΪ
ƾմӵϴ̶ҽ硢硢ѩûκͣЪ񷢶Щʽͬһ򵥡
ħԱҲħޣЩһëǮϵû,񿴲,񲡢ҪƵĿֱ½аǻÿһֱء
ҡں֪ǰΪʲô˵Ƿˡ
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㲻𣿡

ˣ
ҪˣһҪ
ǧٶϿξӡ
ħ̫ʱ⾰ֻ㱵¼ŸС
ħʣ˵ҪȰ̽Ǳߣ̽ôˣ
šԼ֣ΪûҲûκ£ǱֹۣԲ
ģħĵҲУҵȻȫʢڣ¡ǧ٣ԭħҪ㣬Ҿȡ
ǾллĿ佱ˡ


72 
߹ĺӵصֻɣȪȻʱ̫ˡ
ȻǿܶѾ½аˡ
ѽһ˵ħ,һԭô͡űΧţЦңǧپȻ˰
϶ʲô飡ӽ,ȪҲͼⲻĺǰһ,ǸӲضԴǰ˵ʦ㲻ܱš
û
ȪҲߡʵҲôΪʦ㳯Ϧദ֪꣬ʦΪ˺Ʒ£¡ٿǿ𣿡
ˣβ͵,Ҳ˼
ھĵģпǽߣĬ룬Цǣ˵ǧٵˣ

Ȼ,Ȼ˭Ҳû֤
ʦôɵԭ򶼲֪
УҵϹۣʡüѪȥ,ֲҡ
⻰Ц⣬ȪȴֽŽӲð亹
ǴӦǹƥȥҷǧ̸,û̸£Ż᲻Ҳһʰˣ
˶ĵʿ,Ǹ
ڻû뷨ж,Ů˲Ųֶѡ
ûػ,ֱʲôһôٴеġڲǶ𣿡
ǡ
Ϊ˵ġǧ١˵һ仰ܾͲˡ
⽩صķΧȣһרĴḩ̂̾ͷͽΪôˡܵߣôĶ𣿡
Իûȫ,ü̫Ѩ̧°ϸ絹ûϢҲ޷
ڸ˵ʲôͽΪʡ
˵ô½аĵá֮ǰǰס𣬺ڳǰɣ
ԡȪ񣺡ءΪ̫ͣɲǵв
ȱ½ʯˡͽΪҪǡ
СҵĹ˼һǿǲ˼Ҳܲ˵ģҲºѵġ
̾굹νϰߺͽΪദɨۣŵ̲סͽΪߣǾǣҿġǲûǿĽ
ͽΪǿбߣŹˡ
ղŻ˵ķΧʱָֻԭŻͷȥ˰½аĵôˡ
Ȫ
˭ܱ֤֮ΪֳЩʲô£Ҫɱһˣ͵ðź˿ĶɱˡҪ
Сֻ÷Ըһӻس
ڷǧٵ£ǲ˵ʲôˡ
ھԵѹǰ˶ֻܷӡ˵ǰλƺʲôͬ
ӽ߬ȭͷס
һ磬ħħ֮Խˡŵλʲô𣿡
Ȼû˻顣
һġСӰ֡
֮ǰһԵģ˻ôˡǸħҲ
ŶЩ޹ؽҪƺûȤ
˰ɣ
Ȫȥ죬ûˣһĿɲɱǶָһ򵥡
ҽж죬Ѿʼҽϰ塭ŮҵĴˡֻġҪȥħҾûȥˡգգ۰ѻ׸һԵ䣺ǰɣǡ
ͻãȻ̧ۣӦ˺һŵͷ
Ȫݺ˰Ѻ
ҼСģûŭ޷Ҳҵģ
ǡ
Ǳ̸ѹ죺
ʲô
ҳ㲻ȥʲô
ŶҾǾãϰɻģֲǸҪǸȥ˻ˣǺܿ
䣺
˼άҲû
ôˣӸղһ㶡ʧˣ
̨ʴӱ߽˵ĺӵصףȻÿһ䶼ܵ鷢
ɫһڣŤͷߡ
죺
̾ͽΪϽݣڴãȥѳȡҸ˸ٷְ֡һǸˣнԷһ֡
ţлл
üëԱߣ㲻ǧٽᱳ𣿡
ǲţ϶ᡣ
ΪʲôҪô
Ҿǲ֪ԭ򡣡ͽΪ˵¶ɫҪǷǧڸǰȰ˵һȭ֪ôģ޷ǾΪһˣԸɴͰƻʵҲˡСӡ
̾˲ġ
֪Ըղʱʲôû˵
һϵʱ䡣˵ǧٽ㲻ᱳѣ㡣һ취ɡ
ʲô취
ͽΪԼ֪ôƾ֡ڵҲָϣˣǶֻġ
ʱߵߵ

ƿȴ䡣
Ĭؽݣ̾һۣ㶣ȻʶȤظϽˡ
ϱγһ˺ѾûˣվҲͽΪΪҪԼֱҲ
Բ𡣡Σ³֣ҡΪ˵ʲôҪĻҲáԸ㡣ֻĵ㣬Բš֮ǰҺͿˡ
ͽΪû뵽ͷҲ岻ȥ֪СҲǾΪǣֻҪĻҲұ㡣
һ㶣ζû뵽Ļ̧ͷȴƽȻúܣڿôһҪ⡭ǣѾеˡ
ǿӦñߡұǿͽΪŵ

ԭԭԭ
֪Լ˿ʧǣǾǺͺ˰ɡ
ôҪ
֪ͽΪ롣
ȻڷգĿЩãֹֻޡѡ񣬾ҵѡ񡣡
ȥǰллħ֮һ䣬һ취ġ
죬һͣסͷĳ嶯첽ȥ
ҹע̫˶ʰָΪ׼ͽΪɴҵ죬Խ꾫ԽƣʶʣһѹʱһƬڡ
ֳ֫ٶ۲ʹĸоӦΡ
Ҫô춼ûô˯ȥˣ

꣬ѹȻ͸оǰˡ
ʲôʱģ
̧ͷǹһϢǳϤĿעߣһƽƺĳ˵ĸֻԽŭ
㵽ôֱӷй֪㲻ᱳšֲ֪ԭ򣬲֪Ҫʲôô죿㵽Ҫô
˾ٸ˵һǧ٣ѾСˡҵԼ׿˵ģǸˡ
ΪʲôʲôңΪ£֪ϲһ᲻ϲ㣬ȻҺĻˣ˶ˡǧ٣ֲǰǰһܲ²ǵ˼𣿡
Сӵÿԡ
Ȼ֣һһģҪǲܶҪ½ֱͷ
Ҳû塣
˵ٶ࣬ķǧҲ
ˣҵΣҿûս˯
û˵һŵѵҸôͻ޷˵𣿡
ǲȻء⻹ʣ
ȴִúԥ
ǧ۵һֻ߬Щǡħҡ
ͽΪһ٣üһأˣ
ңҾ͸ԭ򡣡ظǲһĿǣңͽΪ
ǽֵͺǷǧٱվǰһͽΪشǰ৵س۰׹⣬ڵشӴ
Ρ

кشǧٵ񻹻صڶߡ
ңͽΪ
˵Ҳȥ
ֻǲ֪ô졣
˵˾ǣȴǰȴøСˡ
Žвͨ˭˽ĸס
ֻʣһ취
õСԲһֱҡ
Ҫǣ˸ڵҪڱһѣȷš
Ƿǧٵʱ谭Ͳ谭
ȥħ
Ȼһ١
ҪҪǸСӣԼɻСҪŭֱҭ˵ĻͽΪŻԽ
ĺӵص׵ɵ΢΢鱻ƿЯŽŷĿ붨
ۣͽΪִŽߵǰ
СôˣЦһʱأϢһġ
Ҫһȥǧ٣Ƕš
Ц⣺Ӧ𣿡
֪㲻ӦħڵͷǧٵĽ𵤣޼۵䱦Ҫƽħ񣬽ħ֮μһȡҳΪһšµʰоֵԭĿģҶ
С˵ʲô
Ҳ˵˵㡣ͽΪָǼӣԾʿ֮Ĺأұһˣҵģһ˽ȥ


73 
һԵ,ԭأԼĶ䡣
ʲôͽΪ⻰ʲô˼ǡҪŴ
ΪȥСٳɳЩء
,˷ǼͽΪĽȻݡ
ôڻأ
ǰǸҹͽΪҲܲ˷Ǳ,ɽŹص̨׶ûóȥ
ʱŶ˵,Ϊ,ŶԶȥҲ˺ȡҡ
СͽΪ˵ۿ,ô桢ǿ嶯ҲޱС
ڣýָԼС߲٣ü˴˵ģʱû
һ仰ҪҪұȡͽΪޱ飺Ӯ˾ҵġ
ðƶʤɣŴӦúܸɴࣺɲΪҹŮ顣
ǵ⡣
ڳ˼ʶղ½аıһ˲ɱĳ,ŵľ˳ֵ֪ǾǸͬһԪʵ
û˾ͽΪӮ
ܡ
ͽΪǿҲܡ
ãҪ˰ɡȪ߽,Ҳ˲ùžڱϣʲô,һħҲԶԷʦ˵
ȪͽΪҪɱǧ١ѵ
Ҳɱɱô򵥵⡣
һĶ֣ǧپǳվŶλϡûӮҲԶٽܷǧôˡ
áȪȻ֪Щ뼫пܱʵ,ôܴùţ
˼һҲӮ
ҵģ˵һȥſͽΪط̫Сȥͷɡ
ӡͽΪڼ䣬ѾɨͲ˽編Сħ޷
֮ǵıԲᱻšҲκط
ץסЩˣЩҲˣͽΪƾʲôӮ
شתƵ⣬ߵɧע⡣
ŵԶһˣϰ治Ҷķе𡣡
ʦֵʲôڧѾ˭ҲźáҲǣܴᵽħϢΪɶҪţħ˽ôְǣ
ҿɲǳħµġǸ¶һЦָָ£׿Ų̸˭Ӯ
Ȼˡʱţ˵磬ȥĸħ޲֪ţһָҸһʯ
ķΪƤ˭֪Ҫšǲ֪ôãǮܸ
ҶһʯŵսڳƵͽΪǱֱųͶǸ϶䡣
ˡ̾ڲԶҪȰţĸŮʱվñطٻᣬΪʲôһҪ
СꡣץŽҴԼõʲô
¶Ҫ˵Ļ
ֿͽΪͬŽû֪Ťתأһˣһ
һ
һص˲䣬ͽΪһ̧𽣣ŵ졣
䡪
˱öĤʹĤֻһƬĿ׹⣬Զһξ룬׵Ҳߣӽ˺üסΣǶʱȫ亹
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ŶԼŮȻҲôݡ
ôС
ƽһĿͬһѸҵ׵ֱͽΪͷһ˲ǲġ
ɢ
¶ͽΪӰ
𣬵ֱ۲Ǳϵѱһú޲к
û̾ǿһ£ڵϵľͽΪԼҲ˵
Ҫ𣿡
ϻͽΪܿƣлһߣ̧š
ĽϰԷҽҵĽнһսԽԽ䣬ߡһнɽΡ
ôԸ
һ¡£ڿбŻըûŵ½һ¡
ջӡջӡջӡ
һһ˲̱ץסͽΪϱۣʹóЩֶ˳üף²ɫס
Ÿû
ղһһ㣬ǿֱӽͽΪֱжġ
Сʡ
ͽΪžʹֹĹƴָؽעǿٴץ
ʲô⻹ǣʹġ
ʹǰɽŹڵǸϡ
Լһ̣ʹġ
ԼܺţǸ粻ʵǵĸ߷ĸ׹ϺüУѾϡôʹӦЦŶԡ
һת󣬽ڻ谵ҹɫкĿСƺûѧμҽɣõģǷǧٽĽ̽㣬μҽʲôİɡ
ৡ
綯жϵӭͷһͽΪûκν켣ŵĽͺȥΣ뻷Ϊһ壬ǰʱ֣㵣֪Ѹὣȥ
һʼ˶֪ͽΪӮˡ
ںٺ뷨ټᶨھԵʵǰһɢɳһſ¾ʲôʣ¡
ӳӽĿӰд̴ͽΪ米ѪֱٿסְɡǱԣ
ѹôǱԡ
ŷһʼ֪ͽΪӮԼ
ͽΪ
Աߵ̾Ȼг
̧ͷֻ룬ѾͽΪϥһ䣬ڵǿûеȥ
μҵӰըѲֹǸѪôǳʹһУԼڽռߣʿ£üΪҡ
̾ɱͽΪȥˣѾ˰ɣͽΪѾѾˡ
˦Ѫĭ̧֡
ˣ
ǧΪһͽΪ
һҪֲýϥٲ֧ܿţٲܷһѪǻѹ۵ڵ棬ʹ壬ʶԶ˻ҴеͽΪ߷ݣ
ͽΪ
䡣
һ·
ʹ
ûһطġ
ƤҲܳ
ûҪɱɱҪ顣ڸڵǰҲûʲôͬ
СԿϣ

ҹڳصϣ
Ҳ޷
ѾͷѾͷ
УϤڶߵҪôˣ
Ϊˣû취΢ʶش
óס
ǰʴʣȴĵֿû
Ĳȥħˣ

ͽΪҡ
ҧʲôãҸ
Եġʯүӵ㲻۾
ۣѣۡ
ƤȻûеĳأü̧ͷпһλ׷ԲԵڰաλǰ͸ġ
˵þûʯүӵˡ
ʶʶ㽻źӵʱ졣ð㽲ˡ
ʲôࣿ
ȸңӮȥħ㡭Ҫȥ߷𣿡
߷壬졣
֪ôȥһ
ȷʵ֪Ҳôġ˵Ҳûʱ䣺˼Ҫ֮ۡѪﵷǵŮ׼ʧܡԼ׼ʧܡɼǵѪ
˼ǡ
ԣѾͷѪԡżдĻʵǽ׿ϴʹͨ׾ͻǰ
ͽΪﲻԣüҵɷҲᱻ
ԡҪ˵ġμˣҲûٮٮߣԴɷġ˵ʵֻһ

Ҵӵһμʱ룬᲻ѡ㣬ԲŽϡ
⣬Ҳһ˼ס
㾳ԽԽߣ񶨺õԽԽôҲѾ׼
ʯүֻŮҲԼԸԲһֱۿʱӭ׿顣
ͽΪʵ⡣
Ҫû׼ˣҲⳤģϧͽΪüģЩҳûע⣬ʩ˼һѭҲľͻƣֹӦ㡣
ڿɹˡȻɽϲʱѾˡ
μѪľԴλҲòϣô㱻ǰŬ뺹ˮ򶯡
֪ǰ±ڻˣࡣ
㲻ӢǹѾ㹻ġ
ڣ谭ˡ
һǰĴΪֳ·
һͨħδ֪һͨ͡
ѡ
ҵʵֻҪǲɢһֱ赲һľ֮ײҲ
ִҪѡδ֪·ұڴ˿̽⿪ƣ̳һҲڲõĽ٣ҲһʱҲʱɲ㡣
ͽΪҪôѡ
ʯүӶһֻ͸֡
ܾͻ˯Ȼͻһаɡ
ȥ޻ͷ·ˣ˭Ҳ޷֤
ͽΪϱڷ޸ĸûκοԳ֮ΪˡѡĴڡ
Ц˵Ҫĸ׸ףѵˣ
ļֵϾȲǴҡ
ܶط
¶ĳȭСʵ̫ݣһô򷢸ͽΪһֱµĵط
̶ʮһ
ԼʶûʲôףҲû˻
Ҳֻн̻ŮԸ֣һǸŮͱǿɱˡ
ⱲӵϱӵͽΪġ
ʳůıѣŮһļˣкܶѡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
˭ѡδĵ·
ֻҪһˣܼӵдδйЩ
ֻҪһˡ
Ѿͷ𣿡ʯүʵ
ͽΪĬͷ
ôĻشǣ


74 
ɢȥ,ӡ⣬һƬǽ壬š
˭֪ͽΪ,˭Ҳû뵽ôףôɴࡣһ㻹ֵҲûС
Ѫʿ̾꼲˵߿޵ͽΪͽΪѣ
죬Ȫع,ȥͽΪˣ
һȥ,æʩչ,ҡ
,ӮˣʦƴЦߴٶ죺죬һʯأϽɡ
̾ҪȥǮȻһ,Ťͷ¡
ιǮأ㲻˰ɣ
𳳡Һ,û䡣

ʦײϷӡ쳤¿,˷һƬ֮Уλվһˡ
ͽΪԡѪ֫ӲúӴɢȴ鲻Խ˿
,һָš
ҡû䡣
ǣǻ߹Ħɰֽһɳơ
һ٣ЦãҾСɡ
ˣ
ͽΪͽΪҪ˰ɣ˵úذ
ͽΪţ˭ҹҲ
ӽ˵ʲôסˣȵȣﲻһ
һ
ﲻһˣ
˫۾ͻȻֱͦļһȻ΢ȴ
ֻһı䣬ôӮš

˻˼ͽΪ޷ֱ۾ͻȻȾƳԡʺ棬ֱš
һܿ죬졣
ղŻôٶȣ
вһȵһͽΪĶģ潣̻罣ǷҵԪؽٵлͻƶԷء
˳Ž뽣ŵֱۣ۰֮һ٣Եļ϶̣ܶɽƵͽΪûзŹ
ȭһȭ¸
һȭ̲һ»ϣֱ㡣
ų齣ܿƺ𣬵Цıûˡ
ļٵģȪһԵһͽΪղšղһȭǴ˰ɣ
ﵽ˴ˣʿϲȻ֪ʲôǲʤˣ
ûô򵥡
俴̧𽣣һȭȻУֻҪŻܹͽΪʱһ͵״̬
̫ܵˡ
СҾȡŵʲôԭһ֣
ҽɷͽΪ׿϶ή٣Ҳûˡ
ɫһ䣺ͽΪ㵽ҲԸĻ
ǸС
ͽΪ˵
һǿϣȫҲĲһ
кܶ취ֹûУὣײоһҵĿ磬Χ˴˿ײվס
䡪
ѽ֮ը죬ҡŵأɶֹӡڲΡΡҪ
˭һ³һѪ
ŵĽͽΪǻݺݽᴩĽֻϱ۹
ϡ·ϣȫǺģѪǰҲɺһƬ޷塣վţվţһǿزԸ¡
ûе£ͻû䡣
д㵸
ͽΪɳƵĺð΢ޱȼᶨңû䡣˵ˡʧˡ
·ǷͽΪ³Ѫûп
һ㵵עһĻӽʧȥȪȴһ٣Ȼȳǰ·ͻȻ
ߡڶʮ׿ĵطͣסŵͽΪȥɡʦ㡭ͽΪŬ߽أûһûμҵ¡ġ
Ų𣬿û
ǻϿʵѡ񣬵ұ˭Ͽԣңˡ
Ҳ㡣ıޣʶҺ
ҲӽǰһûжζӳʱѾˡǸʲôϣ١
ÿǿǡ
һ˵еڶ
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һ⣬˵ͽΪһʱ嶯ͽΪԱõĽ¡
ǡͽΪƺȣգۣٴο
˫۾ǰһôȻҲܾǿ
ɱ̴ǻҲûкˣûе£ѡ˽Ƕ侲Ľ
ŮѪȾʪĺһð뷨ģʵԼ
ΪʹǰǸСһ˽ǰ̣û׿ţֻԼɶǰС
Ų˵ͽΪ֣߬ΪΪֹԼûı뷨
ȴʱȻЦֻȥΪȶ̧۽ϵѪ飺ڲŷԭ벻СģһֱǰҰ
СǸˡ
ͽΪһ㶣İǣ˼ǡ
šûΪΣǻ뿪һůת˿ڣڿϣȥɡħ
ӦˣͽΪе㲻š
ͷֻһλᡣǰħ֮δʧһ˽ȥǧ١
á
ͽΪ̵ͷ
ĺӵص׵ʷ΢İ⣬ǵˡ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ǰŤͷ˵ʲô촽һֲ֪ô˵Ȫ£ؿڳЦȥãʲô£ǻ˵
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š
ͽΪת첽ˡ
ʯүСܻܲŻ
ͽΪѾѡˣҲơ
ǰֻһط
ħ
Ǹڵĵط
Ӯˡϣͷʦ


75 
ħ޾Ԩ֮,ʯ׹δ׹ƮУħ֮ʼԴ,֧ĺӵصײûĺġ
ʿħѹͽΪͷ,һһǰħ
İĵƻ߽𣬾޴ʯųڻӭ˵ĵ
Ѿͷ,˻ûãŵ㣬ħ֮Ӳ
֪
ͽΪһʱ,ħ,ֳ˥ܸСڵ,һɱ׶ħħ¡
ЩħѾɱҲ˵׼
վڲ̨,ͣסŲϣǧһ,վ
ںܰ,ºڽעͽΪ,Ĺߴͦ졢iµϣȾһĪɫʡ
Ŷôһˣħѵթ
ǧ١
ͽΪϻ,·ʱЩҡΣӭŷǧٵĿ⣬ȭͷʰġ
˷˵ʲôħû£ǧ,Ͻɱ˰ɡǵĿͷţûһСġ
˵䵭شͽΪע£ν,˪һɢű˺ָ
ȻʯүҪħ֮ӲӲµȻݲˣĻС˵ͷϡ
ͽΪһ˳̨׿첽ȥٶȼ죬̼ǧٵĽײһ𷢳ѵ졣
Ȼǿ
ֹǧٵĻ;ʵʵġƣȻҲȽĽ
ͽΪһͷβǷǧٽ̵ģôָơ
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Ȼôϲңһ᲻ϲ㣬ǾͺúúҰͽΪҲֻϲˣ

治ɫ˦ˡ
ʲôԼĿˣ
ͽΪĿȷħ֮ıԴڵ
ǿڵΪǧٽǶʢ֮ʱ˵ŻҪǿ
ǡݻħ֮ġ
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ĽŲͬţ첻ͽΪп׼֪ΪΣǧ⼸ֵĳжûйԡ
УУš侲κĻᡣ
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ǧٵȻ֪ϧҲֻдΪƿ㣬ΪͿʹ
ٴʣͽΪҪɱ𣿡
ĽҲͷֺ֮࣬ҪɱһоõԷǧץס֣ûӦ͵ؽԼš
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۵׻ɬЦ˼ǵСС̽ƺҲѾƣʱ˿̣ԾʹǻֲΪѪⱻƶʹΪġ
Ҫ׼֮ѪΪ߲ܿô򵥵¡ʧܣ˻ᱻ췣һۼ
ǧپôġŸո¡

ڵǧǰĺӵص˵շתڲųħ룬ڵȡ֮ѪֵҲ˵׼
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⻰һͱͽΪǻݺݵؽ
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һֱ׷ˣԼ
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Ҫٵڵħ֮ʧһţԴ򿪾Ĵţ
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ͽΪ৵üˣУ㲻ܡ
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ףǣΪʲôΪʲôͽΪӽһŽ⡭⵽ʲô
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˭Ҫʯүˣ˵ͨһһҹͽΪ¡ҲĿ飬ħ֮ҲµĻܳŹҹӦþܻ
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ҡͷǶμҵȣҲû⺢ҲǣʵֻҪȥڵˣҪڵħأ̳ʱɲôģ⸺Ҳ̫ˡʲôأ

û֪ΪʲôֻзǧԼ֪
ħѾƳ˲䣬ͽΪ
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76 
ħħ,ĺӵص׵ħڱ׼ȡħħ٣µĵҡҡ׹,ħ½Ҳʱ⡣
ͷ,һš
ǧ,û¡
û֪ʧȥħ,ħޡ޺Լĺӵص׻ʲô
ȫ𣿻ǱǻָϹŵԭʼģ
Σ⽫һޱ䡣
ûжʱ˳ڲֻʺͱĸ׵Ŀ϶Ǹʹ
ʲôû˵,侲ؿʼԸȥ̽ħħ
ǿ鲻׵ĵؽ,ֻþΧ
Ψһİ취Ȼ΢ֻ۵ܹ֧еͽΪɹ顣
һܻ,۾,˵ΪܵСԼѡ,Ҳһؾıøǿ·
׵ͷԽԽ,޷ֻվʮ׿ĵطǾ𶯵Ļ̡̻
,ſң䲻ԸߣִҪͽΪ,û뵽˿ȴֻܳǧٺ𣺡㣡ͽΪʲôԲԣ
ǧԶȺվ׽ͷҲûء
ŭͽΪԴħΪƲ֡Ϊ㣡ҪΪ㣬֮ҲŴ,ôصġ

˵Ҫûˣ뿪ħ
ﲻҽ˵ͽΪҪˣ
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Ϊʲôʲôȷţ
ûȷţֻǡֻҪˣҴĵǮҪȥˣ
û뵽˵ͷ⸱Уһȭӯܿ
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٣
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ΪͣȥҲûãһͻ㱨
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ʼʯүǾ仰ûٿڣעŲԶ׽硣±߾ǱͽΪ
ǧٽ㡭ǺǰһļѾЩģΨǵãͽΪС˭׽ֻǧٽܺãҲճ
ǧٽͽΪҲܺá
Ǳղ˵ǧٽͽΪʲôͽΪ𡭡Ϊɷ
ԥţǰ˼
ʱſ壬ԭǧٴڶָؽڱ߬ףɫôƽƽý쳣
ⷴ԰׵ϣͽ˼ֹ¶š
̾겻֪ʲôֻ˫ǳа𡣡ǧٽ㣬ҿԱ𣿡ʡ
û𻰡
ԹԸһξ¡
ͽΪһε֪Ѷʱı飬ͺͽڵı飬е񡣡
𡣡ǧġ
ʱΪܾòôţ¶ʵı飬ûɹ˵Ҫ뿪μҡû˵϶ˡ
Ϊʱҵˣ˴ɱ㡣ΪȫϣȻֻ׸
ͽΪߵġʵ͵͵ˣȥ˷̸ʲô˷Ź㡣һֻ뿪μң϶ȥˡͽΪ˵ġ
ڶμҺǧٽ֮䣬ѡ㡣
Ϊһǧ٣Ӵ󶼲ܻضμңҲԸʱһԥûУ˵
ҾáͽΪңϲһˣҲֵز
ͬʱҲĽ㣬ǧٽ㡣̾ȻŤͷд᣺ôǷҵĹšΪʲôͽΪΪʲôͲܱͽΪ
ͽΪΪ˺ܶܶ࡭
֪ԼԹҲֻǨŭôҲ̲ס˵
ͽΪԼģɷһʼͱˡ
Ҫøǿһرͦȥ
ǡŸպͽΪžûãΪǧٵԵɣû˵ϼ䡣
֮Ǻűԣˣûһھ
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ҺͽΪȻûѪϵҲļˡ̾ЩĨһ᣺ͽΪˡǧٽ㣬ҲԭġԶᡣ
˵첽ȥ
ںֻܿʣͷǧüڵıϢ
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ҲϢһ°ɡ㲻Ҳˣʯүӿ⸱ʧǵӣûס¯
͵ҵĴ

ǧŽеףܰüҪңҪȥġҵĻһֱڱ

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ͽΪǰҲ֮ʧáǧ˸ûʲô˲𰡣ǰôϲˣúá
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ǰ׽磬ǸΪԼԽԽԶˣȴ
ʱûһԥ
Ϊʲô
֣ںǧȥ
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ǵһҸʱ롣ʹָָؿڣڲͷʲô
ͽΪͷŷ֣һСƿӺһԲ
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ģҲͦãҪй⣬ҪˮˮѾͽΪͰʲôǿˡ
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üƯ΢ۿȻֳϸᣬ˳գ򢣬Ѫ½
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ͽΪĪôˣ


77 
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˭֪ǵһͣ㶵ͽΪҲ֪Լôˣ˵еðҪ֣ȻӿۿС
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ǧѩ׵ľͻȻʱסָ߬·սѾǲ֪ڼˣͽΪûٴס˵

ԽԽٵģϾʹ˵ˣ׻
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֪Ϊʲô͸о˳ŻƳһӿ磬ôԽڣղס
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ǽһ·˴ϣϣֻܷܲйŭȻ֪Լʲô
ǵһ©һ㣬׾ͱ˲׽
ĲӣһһҡβУѹɬİ⣺ԲͽΪԲ𡭡
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78 
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ȻֻʶĽ,巴Ӧ,·һƬǽ壬ܡ
ʯүӿɫҰ׿Բֹ֪ǳɹˡ
Զֹͣ˸պû׵»ԹȥͽΪһŵĻС̾޵ø,Զ
ûȥȺǿűԲķǧ٣ûʰˡ
֪ЦЦβµĺ죺ҪΪԼԸ𡣶,ҲôǵĵԱ˰ɡ
ʯүӲÿɷԶʼͽΪȺѾͷԺҲ֪˵ʲô
Ҳ֪,Щ¡ԼģֻϣûгҰɡ
̫ˡʯүӵﵷǰǣҲɼɵ¡ȻΪ;,Ǿÿֵ㣬Ƕķ
š֪

ʮ
ȷҪԸ
Ƶ,һλסƮƮ߼üŪ۶űݹļֽ
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ͽΪͷ˵ʵԸ㻰
ðѾͷǧͷһҶָֻŵģ
ҲգҲǵһ򿪾ŵˡҾͶرŴһ°ɡ
ʵ˾͸Ͻһȥ
Դ׸ǰ,һУȻ󱻴˾졣
Ǹ׵ľˣһʹӸߵݡֱ˵Լģǿ˾ʮ͵kȲ壬Ժú롣
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ԸΪġ
һҪԶ
Ҫĺӵص׵ȫġΪˡ

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ħ֮ԺʧħħͳͳݣħǻȫˣʧȥħûǵȥֱǱɡ
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ǷҲеԼµۺʲ͸ľ
ϻڵΪ˴ص˱߽أŮƺǾʶ͹ϲıҲˡȻǿŮ
Цһ䣬һȭ㿪ҼСûأҪϲһ̫ˡ
Ϊ־ˣϾ㲻;ֶΪԼ˽
ƺϰʱʦõĴ̿ǣûǰǰɡ
ϻſһᣬ˹Ⱦȥɡ
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ΪǧٲԸ⡣
ϾҺˣֻʣһɣӵǧӴʡǸˣԷǧٵͷԺֶΣ⡣
˵꣬ͷŹɴ⿪ؾķӡ䡣
Ҳɻ󣺡ͰЩøˣ븴˷ң
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ڴϿԿŽнԡ



79 
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ģչЦ䣺˵㣬ԽֻԽˡ
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ǧٵӲôҲԶ޷̵Ի·
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ʲôоΪҪ˵
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ͽΪҪںˮֱһǺ̧ͷǧٳ𴽽ǡ룬ƽˣ

ֹƽ⣬ƳҪзӦˡ
תʱӺ§˵Ƶһϲĵӡ
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㲻ΪæŽСͺҡ
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ĶʮһˣҲҲͶ˼𡣡
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ͽΪԸ
һҪԶ
Ҫĺӵص׵ΪˡͶ̥ת
ҪͷǧԶһ
ȫ꣩
2023/1/25


80 
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˱صǽϣ̧۾ͺͺ۾ƽӡ
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ڵ̧ͷɫ΢죬׵Ȼ˵ˡǧ٣һʿðɡ
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⼸첻ܴӦ𣿴ӦңҺöС
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Դ죬ͽΪƳĹܱø࣬ѾӲС⣬״¶ȶ仯ҹġʶƳ֪Ҳ̶֪ԽԽ
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ǧٲŤͷ۾ȥͽΪڴºܹԣڴȫһˣȻ
Ľǣյãǧûȥˡ
ͻȻô˵ͽΪֻ뵽ʲôҪҪ

ܴӦ𣿲ܳӾͱҡ
˵һ£ͽΪ͵аǴˡ˶ùסԼʲôҲԡ
У
ϻͼ𣬱Сҡ
˵ü¶ġǧٷ֣µģЦ½չȥĴʣҧֵôԣǸ㽱
ͽΪסӦ֮ǰǧѾɿת
ȡȥĶû׻
á
ʲôղţһĶҪ׻
ڽϡ
ͽΪΪԼ鲻ãž뻮һĻӽ
Ƿǧÿ춼ܣѾģ
ǰԺӲݱ˸ɸɾɰʯ棬˱ԳģȻСȫľ׮μҵĹʲôʲô
Ϣһӡǧߵűߵ˾䣬ͷĵӷ׷Ӧʦˣľ۵ֱ̱ڵأһЩȥˮһƵܵǧǰʣʦҸղǽú𣿡
кȥʮһ꣬ץŽ˷ǧһ䡰˫৵Ź⡣
ģ
ͽΪͷһΪԹ߿̵ˣǵᷴͦһӾƽˡ
ǧٽʱ൱ᡣˡ
бһԾʤкһˣԺǲǾʸȢʦˣ
ͽΪ


81 
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ͽΪֱǰһ,ü΢
üԶһԷĽü֮ø,,ͼơ
ԼĪǳţ»кֻãȻʦ,˭ĸࣿ
ǡ⿴ͽΪ,кЦ,Ҳ˵ľ첻ǿĻˣ
ԡۣ
ľϻӽҿľɫ,ȷҲǸ߽,ڷ˺ͯУЩľɶõı
ԼȱһǵľıʦȥģҶѡ𣿡
šϲġ
ǣҪѣ
ͽΪһƳС۹⻹,Ȼܿľͷ,ѡԭľġNɪץոľȥ,ֻȸ޲÷ǧٿ䡣
ϡõ,㶼ˡ
ͽΪ˼Сݺ̡
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Щӵɵʱ,Ȼ,ѵǿȶ͡к۵һͷȺ,ĶȺͷ˭󡣷ǧû֮ǰ϶
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һͨ˼ҵСϲǴ֮ǰͲˡ͵˵Ӳȥѧֻ뵱ݵʿ
ͽΪŶû𣿡
ͨ˲ܿѪ,ֻкŬ˵
ǧ˵õ֪һϸѾǸĸۡ

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Դ˰ɣЦ
ûСͽΪߵǴˡ˻ΪƤëƤС³ԴףҲ̫С˵㡣
֮ȷǧٽҹһصμҡȥΪ˷Щѽر£һš
ڴڵƾ֪ĵġ
Դڱ߽غ˴ǱͷͻʺԼֱѡҶΪͼı족⻰дϡ
ϻڵ˻ӣƻġ
ͽΪ֮ǰͻع˵Լ˶ֻbokiġ
񿴲֣ɸšʱᴫһЩйƿػƳļɣͽΪĿ
Ҳࡣ
¾ˡƳѾʶȫ֪ģҲ֪Ǻ¡ҲС磬ӿ궯ʱܺٿƵסһҪýƣȻᱻŶ
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ŶŶԣͽΪ¡Զܾãе̫ˡӦҲŰɣϾﴦҵر͵ˡǶһĴʿ
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Ųǣôһ㡭ǣǾãô㡣һûͼøʲôƵġ취Ҳ취ġ
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ŮʵͱͽΪ˼ֹǰƭСʱĶԶͽΪֻһһ棬ǿɲ˷
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첻˵𡣡
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ǧٵ徭θɣڵǴεأעһֻܿҩǿʣǣҪһעⲡǶġ
ˡҩְˮݸ
Ҳ˵ΪſڹĶûüԣӹӣֲ˭Ǵˡ
٩ͽΪվԱһҪģҺܾ֮ǰ˵
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ҩʰʰɽõĴǲصģſʩӵĽ編ֻӡӡɳ롣
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ûʦ˵ҪȥǽϲȭΪҽǣʦΪҲҲһȥѵġҪлҡ
ԣϲڴţˡ
ţţ
Ҳûдţ
ó
ͽΪʸô˵ϾСǸɵĺӣܺűȻűȣСƨϲ
һ˺ܿ
ǴǺӵģۼͽΪѾ챻ɳӷˡ
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࣬ʲô֣ԲĿǰǿ﷢
ͽΪ
ŶСһͷ㽣Σʦ𣿡

ȻˣСӰһЩ겻ǰ׻𣿡һüͷǧ˵ʦ
ĸоаܱ𣿡
ͽΪ󣩣


82 
ǽ־,ϡ٣Ϫһ̳
ͨ
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ϲӵԶ
ʦ˵ҪɾġӵԶʲôã
Ժܱʦ˵,Դ˴ӺһģֱУ
ŵ㡣ͽΪһʯͷӳȥƯˮһһ,ʯͷ԰
ϲϡ棺㻹ͦġ
Сһ˲ĿǣͽΪһȭ
԰,Ҿô
ʯͷ,ҲϲȥұĺҪ˼ʯͷͷǧ,һŮ˵Եƽÿɴ,Դֱһ¡
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ͽΪҧҿ
죬ץʯͷҵÿǿȻ󳤴С
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ȻҪȢʦˣϲӳһʯͷֻǿִ߲ܱۣҸ
ͽΪҿǷᡣ
֪ǧΪʲô˵ʱæˡ
ЩĹؼʱ,Ķ,ز,ȷʵԱ߿š
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챻ȥˣصǧߣźͯΧźʯͷر£
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ͽΪŶղϲЩԣȻֻǸӣҲܲˬ
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СӵĴףǧٿ֪ʲô
ôܡͽΪƲ죺ôһ㡣
ҪǸоԼͷǧٵĶʱ䱻ˡԴף
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ȻʲôûɣҪʲôˡ
˭ǰӦҵģǧٵ
ҲУ˵ʱҲûͣҲǽȣͽΪĵ¶ȸߣһ㵥ϣ׾ܸ֪Լͬ¡
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˵˽ֻͽΪҲУ
˭ЦŻأԣ
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Ҹо֡
ΪһƬڣûַǧ˫һУǣ
˵ƣȻƵĹ谵ͽΪƽЩ
ȥˮȣҪˮ𣿡ȣȥòƳԹԸȥûһֹԹԸ
Ѳѷŵǧǰ˵ߣװȫ룬Сںˮ
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ͽΪ
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Դٳٲ𻰣֮ǰһûһңڵһҹ֮ȥǱľһء
ǧ⣬ʾԼνǸԼˣȴһ֪ͻȻʲô
򴽣˼ģȻӰסͽΪӣ̧ͷ֫һץסƮǰĻƳ
ʲ
һ룬ȻֹԳƵϴ㵵ŷǧٹԼǰȻͷ
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ֻˣ㽵ˣڹǰĺ󾱴ӷ¶һأһ飬޳ָ̽ɫһ𣬲֪ΪԵޱ컡
Ϊ׵ʱ򣬷ǧٵĴѾˣ֪֮ǰԼشȣúÿһ񾭶ܸ֪
ǧ١
Сûʶֳ棬ʲôЦĽʦ˸ɾҲвֻƾ豾ܣִߴƵסԡ
βһͽΪ֪ǾȻ޴΢΢ֱ˫۾ȴע˸Ұһ⡣
ⲻ
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ƫƫ׻ϧĴָȾ΢ƯβԼҪģǾ͸𸺵סһ¡
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ɫƻڵյ΢΢ҡΡ
ڴֻһϸ죬ǿüҲһ΢Ķ޵


83 
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˵ݲָ,Ȼҧ,ûͽΪס⣬һƳ
˶٣ץס첲һ,˰§ſԼ,ָŴ
ͽΪ,ǧٴԴ˵,ܡ
̵ش,ϰλһ,ʾζԡ
šͽΪȴ,ͷףŪ
ǧٱĲӣϸü۱ˮȾʪ,šţҲ˵¶ǵĻˡ
Ŷͷס޳ָ·,϶ĺڶ
ڿƱȣͽΪͲͬն˵Ŀ϶ӸղŵľлͿʼճҺ,÷ǧٶ죬죬̳š
ղ˵ʲô
㡭𡭡𡭡
ʲô
ҧۣĵֿͽΪԼͬޣֱǧ΢ѹֲס©ͽΪɿ֣ǧٽ㣬ÿɰ
㡭ٸҽһ飬Ų㣿ü
᲻áϲˡ

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ǲ԰毺õĲڳȻĵƹһĸоܾûôˣֲ˵ﲻˣûסק˿ڡ
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îʱ
Ҳô硣
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˯û˯ѣǧپԱȥһ߶죬һˮ۾һ죬߬סͷ±ߵذףʿʱĽ䱸ܺ޼ˣɱͽΪֹ˾䡰Ĩôôšʱʧ
ʲô˸۽΢΢һӱƿ룬֮벻֪ڵʲô
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ȻͽΪûʹЩԳƾḻŮͨԣϲ߶߶Լ顣
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ǧٵı飬û˵ȥ
Ұ㴰ġһ䡣
ǧʧЦ

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ͷ
ģ˿Ѳⷽ츳ѼˣָԺˣҶȡ
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ͽΪȷʵһʱ𣺡Ҫæõ£ʱҪȥҷûⲻ𡣸ж
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˸ѣҪԼԼһǧץסͽΪ̧ͷЦȻû£ǰҰѱĵطҲɾɡ
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ǳ΢䣬λβѣ˹ѿҪĲˡ
ͽΪѵذóʱ㷺ǰףɵһ뻹鵽ʲôȤǧ˵ʱ÷Ĩ
ͻȻãذˮĻͦˬģʲôɾ͸У㲻𣿡
ǡܣץɣΪͽΪѹӻӵˮһ˫ֱúܡ٩ǿʿ첻ذ壬˵ȥ˭š
ֻһԸء
Ʋ죬ûʪһ
صĻܸƵ㡣
ǧٰǾץһָָֻ⡣ŴӱûãָȣĦƤе
ͽΪĬͻȻְץԼУ⿴ʱԼһק͵Ϯһǯס˴ϡ
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üͻȻչȥ̽й£ζһͽΪΪ⶯סûӦùһ˳ſȥûˡ
˲ȾװͰ͸ϣҪǸʲôϲҪ޸
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84 
ͽΪһͨ,ʲôһǷǧԼģסԡ
꣬һһе,üĿ徻,ֹˮ,ͲĹ䵭߸дϡ
ͽΪʼ,òﻵ,ԲΪΪԼµİɡ
ƳƱȥ١
ǧ١߳Ժ,ɽŹأ߿һֱôˡ
ҾͻȻ,ӦòӰɣ
ϾҺ߹壬Ū¡ųѡ޷ʳ,᲻ʲôЧ,˭˵׼
㻹£бüۡ
ϻܲ𡣡
˵̹Ȼ,ѵһ,ƲߣҲ֪,ϾҲûԹ֮ġû¡
ģ
϶ñԼ,ͽΪǿͷҪǾʲô쳣Ͻ˵㱾
á˭Ǵˣ

ʱ,ɫʱ,ӶˣһߵſھͷĻӽ
ʦһСŮرסǧٵĴȡΧҲĵӣɫ,ֻ޴롣ʦˡ
ûûµģʦ취ģ
ǰ类ƻҹڵϱ˸ϡãͷһƳ֪ľ׮˶֫⣬ݶƣǱƻĺۼ
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ÿͽΪȺߵſϸɢľмľûצӡ߿ҧļ΢ڿ𶯣ֻʿΪ
ѵǰɢޣ˸ǧ٣ףࡣ
֪ǰ߲ơ
ϵ㣬ûʮɣ֪Ҫμһ¡
ͽΪ⣺ʲôͷǲֹɢô򵥣
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СӶ񣬲״Ҳ֪϶ԣĵһСģɢ˸ɾΨϲߣЩɢôб͸һ˶ԸҪʦ
ͽΪ㳤˼ؿڸɡ
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װڿЦ档
˵¡ͽΪ˵ˣڴֱ˳׷پȥ˰һˡܸ׼
μйԼμʿڷ˾ס¶˺ʹҪȥɢ޴һܣͷ
æ˶ԶҪҲ˵Щ
ǿԡԶ̫Ҳ˼ˡƺҲҪáȻҿɲ㡣
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ͽΪ붼˵ʲôʲôԼ˾ʲôǡǱ֮ʣȴȫûС
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ܺãߵʱ򻹳ӻ֣ҪȥˣúЦǸӡ
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£ǧ˸طµţϲߡ
ʦû˸࣬Ҳᱣġ
Ž־ʮ㣬ֻǰ˲˵˵ľ
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ϲϲЩϲľϲ¥˵ʿĹ¡
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ȥμʿз˵룬ϲҲ⡣ʵ˵λŵĴš
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ǲ֪Ϊʲôûʦʹù֮£ĳһգϢʱ̲סչȥʣ˭֪²ķǧ赭дػأûΪ

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ϲԸʣҲ¸߱ˡ
Էǧô˵¡
ΪʲôûΪ
šƬ̣Ϊ֮ˣ
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֮࣬ģԼԺһҪΪǿɿʿȻӭȢʦ
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ĵĻû⡣
ʦôġ˦ȣе㲻ҳ󣬳øһߵʱ򣬿϶ˡ
ǧٲ
к͵̬Ĭϣϱ裺ʦʲôʱûȥϰͻ˵Ǯ񡣡
ǰƷǧٽڹⲻ˵ô衣ǧٶԴƺ⡣
ȷˡ񣬰ǮŸԼ㶫ɡ
СӵȻǾܾ˼Ϊǲ˼ƴǣû¶ҵʮ²ҲòϡҾ򡣡
ǧٿЦ
ǶԶˣֱ
ͻȻ뵽ԸʲôˣϲԽ˵Խɴվҽ͸򣡡˵ŤͷⱼȥǧٶͿӰ

ͽΪСʱȷʵԶˡ


85 
ͽΪȷʵû뵽׷㼣׷ôԶĵط
˵Զ,ǽаһʧɽֵĲݴ
֮û㼣ˡ
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ɢв,Ц˼ʿȻ
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Ϊһ£ɢ޷˺,һ,ǧ֪ǵ³,
ۡ
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ϸ,ɢ޵İںƵû
Ǹϴأ
㡭ءס۴,Ȼ𣺡֣
أɢѾһž޴Ϯ,ͽΪĿὣ̧֡

ϲһ̾ܳţվ̽ڵǧ֡
˵ҪһҪ򣬶ƶʦ϶˸ϲԼϾǰѧСǣ˼ҺͰϰԼˡ
ʦǲǲ̷֣ʡ
ǧȷʵȤڷʱûǹ򣬵˶μҲͽΪһء
Щ̯ӴģԵҲ٣Щͽ׷Ƿļ۸
ǰӺͽΪ·ϡضǧôЩ磬СĻҲͽΪܽ˵һ
ʣʲôˣһ
ҡͽΪһ٣תͷֽ䱸ޱȵĿ⿴ҵʲôˣ
ǧһ˼ĻƳߣ
˵ͼһ৵غڳú̿ǰĴָ٩Цġ
Ц
ĥĥһûˣתߣǧٸʣ治򣿼Ǯ˵ûˡ
ŶûУ
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ǧٷƽҡͷѾϵˣܾСԼǺ«¡
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˭֪ϲûѧ־ͰչҪڷǧٲǮôڵñȡ
ܹȷŬҲϲץŹӴʱǧټ򵥰ʵ˵ˡ
˶;ңɼš
ʲôãȻɼ֡Ƿǧ١Ǹǧ١
λ˪Ķָı⣬ϻ̳ϿֵһҪϲ
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֪һк׵ıţȢʦĺ׳ڸղǧһ̣žһºݺݴûˡ

֮˵˵ʵҲûô˵ϲֹͣؼҵˬ죬ĬĬԼľűתˡ
ͽΪĻıӰ⣺ôˣ
ǧֻܴҲһ

ȥ·ϣǧٲŷͽΪȾѪΪԼģץһŷġ
мϸ˺ۣѾϽ裬һ͸ó׺ˣ⿴֪ԭж
ͽΪַǧٵıͻȻʧԼ֪Լʲô͵˷ҵ񼶷Ըңûע⣬£ҶʰˣҲûˣ
˵ҪͳչʾסЦ㲻ǲע⣬ǴСΪԼ˷ʿͺ˲𣿡
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Ϊ˱ײɲܵһĻӦóԾ㵣ٲҲ֪߳ܣƿıá
ɶûС
ǧپȻһ۾ЦˣȻͽΪǿӲ򢣬ȫռһسǡ


86 ճ⣨ߣ
Զ̷ɱֳ
ֶ, Ҳ촽һ¼£㱻µʯӰ
ˣ, ϶Ρ˯ʿ, ޲ֱһȭԼΡ
ڵƤڲ, ղǼ߳һĻϣ޻طš
Сá
С, ͣǧ١
ڡڡס
ôҲûȥ, ۺԭأһŵ亹ô겻ᡢšճմ֪ʲôʱصԼ
װԺϷ, һжĨȥƺڡܺüζûסӹ
һԶƵȥСˣôô죿
磡װܹȥ
ܻסһĴȴû, Žݣžعϡ

ܺװ㿴ҿ㡣
ô𣿡
֪ѵʹС㳳ˣ, סװ֣, Ȼȥ˯ɡ
װͻȥ, е㵣, ۷ʺԶ
ûŵӽȥ, ڵ˵ƣүľ׮һֱ㶵ڴһ
ܸɻ󣺡ү

ôˣû̸ףС̫ˣ

ү
ǰ˻ΣԶγѣû׼׼ݣ
Ұ
Ҫƽʱ, Զָȭȴû顣
УҲӲ̧
ô
Сúͷǧ٣
һԡ̧ͷ˵㡣
ǡ
㣡
һܾ£ϽϺһʹöԶ˻㲻𣡡
Ӵι㰡ײıͷԣôˣԺͺ֡
֣
ܲ
ҿǿСúͷǧŰȥУ
ľȻΡ
ҪǶμҵķ԰ȫҪʲôɶɢֲֿþ
Ͼôأ
ԶסԴʼصͺզզС֣ҪԼүǼ˵ʲôֵĶԣӳԳˡ
үҪȥе
죡̧ͷû裡
û
ǲŷˣ
ǣ
˵ԶסԴڴϣ쳤гһ
ҲǺ갡
СŲȥֻԶͻȻָʼʲôս߶ǧʮ˵ʱͽΪʮ꣬ǧٶʮһʱͽΪʮǧٶʮʱͽΪʮߡʮʮߣôҵģ
ֱޣ
¹ް
һ´ӴˣǰվԶԶʣүȻ뵤ޡ
ǴʲôʱʼģͽΪ꿪ʼģŭĿԲɣҵôİиȻҶ֣
ȻղŷǧȫһͽΪѹ׵ıƣ֪϶յģСó
СûǸӰ
ǧٲΪܷΪ٣ҳԼЦ
ͺҫһ
Լǿˣ
ͽΪԭ°û۹ĴȻ㽻ˡء
ܣ
ʼүĲܲǵεúõˡ
峿ͽΪ׼Žӷǧ٣ҵü䣺С㣬ô졣үˡ

ʲôԭһֻ֪˵Զʼ͸һһ·Ͱ߳ͽΪ
ҲҴСʲôҪ¡
Ҫ£
ͽΪͷǧԺſھͷֿˣǰ˵Ըϲܲ˵°ɡ
Щɢ޵ʬ壬Ҳȥ㱨Ҳˡ
ȥһ˷ǧ٣˵ȥҸǶˣһҡ
ССС㣬үɾͽˡ
ͽΪ
仰˼ܿˡ
ݵʱ򣬵ѾûˡΣڰǰֽͶµ΢⽫Ӱϳ
ͷҲûأɣɰֽĥһϡ
Ⱦ纮ˣͽΪ߹ȥ
Զִŵ

Ī棺˵ô£
ֳֻϣֱָϣһơ
㣬ͽΪҪúø˵
ʲô
㲻ϲŮ𣿡
ͽΪ

ûӦϾͻô֪£
Ҫ˵ϲҲϲǰΪԼϲͻȻ˵
ǾͶ˰һӣͿ飺ɷǧеģѵְ
ѵҲеİɡ
أͽΪûΪǧеô
˵㱻ƭˣ
߬ȭͷɸ֣սС룬ϲŮˣˣôϲضԲԣڶԲϲ£ǲԵġ֪ƭԲԡŮװŮˣƭСƻ㣬Ȼ㸶ŷʵǸѵģϲϲİѣϾǧȷʵûУʹ಻ֱƭתֻܽʹ
ȿȿȣ
ͽΪպ˿ˮԽ˵Խףֱȫ
Ϲʲô֪Ϊʲôᱻ緢֣άãȻȥҺͷǧٲ
˰ϵˮִԲЦ춼һǻֻǰɣ

ԭˡ
ġ
ֲ㣬֪ǷǧٵĴʱŶ⣬ģôܡ
ַǧ١ͽΪ¶ңǧһϵҲûС
Լ⣬ûԺӾѹסȻǾֻ̹סҲ¡
ɫţһ˿ҡ
ԶȴüСáҪΪǧٿҵиǴӦҪһ㡣أ
֨ѽһͻȻƿܲ᲻žͽݣͷ߽
ڰ׽ۣԸɴĳȸоխΪ˷ӽμʿʱõ⣬¶һСۡ
Ϊʶʼ˾ֻŮװЩĪζվǰǴŸװķǧ١ڰɫ·ǰȻͬŷ£ֳһǷС
ôˡ
ͽΪҲסһμǧٴװ
ֻǻ·ʾôĸı䡣
˴ţ߹ͽΪԱߣӲϵĲˮ̧ۿԶ˵ɡ
㡭ȻҲ֪ǱͷһشװĳʻסǾȻ̹ȻԼǰ
ǧ٣ͽΪع񣬡·
ҹܽһµġƳʣÿ𣿡
ͽΪһȣ˵ÿŮװÿװǲһĺÿš
Զøģ
һض˵עҧŷǧ٣Ҫ˵ʲô˵׵Ѿãϣԭ㵱һʱĹϣ
Ϊ𴩺ȻѣԼûǹϣǺѵضֵġ
һЦô


87 ճ⣨ˣ
㡭һ, Ϊķȵڵϣǧ٣濴ˣ
ɫŭòᡣ
ǿˡҲ˵ڵġ
㣡
ˡͽΪһӴ϶, Ƴ۷ǧ٣㲻Ϊ˻ֻѡ
ںǷزһ䣺, ˵ϲˣ
ˡ
Ҹ˵˵ʵתĿԶǲݾܾ
ǧٲٿڡ
СãԶ, ʲôʵѾ, м٣㣬ѵҪ쵰Ȼָ
ƭġͽΪҴʮϲǧʵ˵


ʮʮꣿ
ʮͽΪûû, ֪˯˯˳, ˵, ĶĶûţ˵ʲôСã
ġʱҲ֪Ҳ֪ǵĹϵ, ʵǽǡ̹ȻҪҲó
Զһ, Ϣת, ֱˡ
ͽΪԹԿڽ˺ܾãΪ´ͷβ, ȷԼġ
䳤޹, ҪǸռ˵ˡ
˭ûʸָǧ١Ҳ׼
Ҫ˵С, Ѿʮ, ΪҲȸǿ
ǡ
ʲôҪǧٻֵĻֻܺһܡ
ͽΪŽڷǧǰ
ʮ֪Ѿøߴ, ·Ժһ㡣
ԶͶڵذϵӰɫͣ¶Ȼ
ͽΪ
ҪҴһӮͲٲǵ¡ƷסһԶͷͻν
ȴԣһ촽һ
磿ΣͽΪػ
ֻǰĶԶͻȻֱ̧۽ס˫ۣ˿Сá

ҵСðշҵţ
ײų˳ȥӰ˲Զÿֻи߰Ŀþò
ͽΪ
ǧ٣
ҸǾǣٹǵ˼˰ɣʵ
ǧ٣ţ
ƺҪ׽ϾԶˬĵƺΪĲ̫һ
ھ˻ᣬͽΪת߿
װķǧ١
ΪĿʽǼۺܳխȳģǰżٵĽ״õˣ͸ϿǰĽ¼
ô
пţͽΪԼؿЦᵽڲžҹȻɲŮ˵ɣ
ҲϲŮˡüҵϲʲô㻹֪
㶢ſʲô
ҡ£ҾǾãе
Ҳ̫Ӧ
Ȼǧٱ˴µһ װ϶Ӧ
ʣҪ𣿡
ͽΪһ٣ΪԼˡǧѾӸҲӱ۱˷ֿڷϡһӭ̬
˵ʲôֲûֱһֹһ죬˺ü²ųʵؿע£ƻǰ
һϣȵºĴش
ģо·ȫʱ򶼺̹Ȼڸ·ͽΪĪгܵ㡣
̧ۿ·ǧٵķӦƯӴţҲ֪ǲڿĶ
ûסһת΢΢£ȴǧҧƺһ룬ƺԼôеķӦŵһۣͽΪãȻӣ֪ʲô״

ٿվ˳ӿˡ
ſڿ첽ȥʱͽΪҪûƵĶе졣
Ըղô£
ǰ˵ǧһҲôķӦ
߳ȥԺǰ£䲻ˣػָ˳̬
ֻõʲôҲû˵ҪȥĶ
£㱨ˣ
˵ҲǣֱӸԶ˵ģˡ
ǣҪֱӴȥ
ǧЦʣ˵أ
ƽзرûڶμҵɡǣ̹׹ϵ
ͽΪ֮ǰ£˼ǧٵĸܲסˡ
ô˵ǲǣ˼
Ŀ𣿡
ôǧٵ
Ҳ£ȷԶԶʱš
㶼£ʲô
ƲץסڵȺߡ˵µץסԼֻ֣ǧںЦüۡ
ŵķӦʵͽΪϡ
⼸춼æͷ㵥ӣϾӷҽյĶܶ࣬ͽΪ̵һѣ̧ͷһƳǧϵװٿͽΪ˵֣Ҳˡ
;ÿˡǧҪʵжǾͺ˵ˡﵷȷʵɵóֱ̬¡
ͽΪܲ⣺ˣ
ҪҪΪȥһëǮϵûе'ɩ'ɣ

޷ϡ
˼ǲǡ
ҿʲôûӦ̧ͷСȳȥҵ̸̸
ͽΪɫһӳˣǧû
ȥɡǧ֣ϣҲЦİɣʲôġ
Ŷ̫ͺš
ҾſڣʲôͽСʲôɲһ˳ȥ
һأֻʣˡҡͷֱ˵СҲ̫Űˣָ̧̧ʾǧ·Ц⣬ȴһģСҵ԰㡣ǧ١
û𻰡
ȴǰ֣Դ̫µҲ̲
ϴǰȷǷͽΪ࣬ԶҲǡŮİѸҪĶǰ档ǵĵֻҡ˵˵ȥҺͶչûһĸҲղ̬ˣͽΪȻһ̸ȫţеĵһλ϶Ҳҡ
ԣȻ㵱ǸһҲͬضСΪ׶ġԣɣ
˵ûǰôһ߸ϣҲǿŮͷرϡˣԴǶŶѵá
û뵽ܶԼôߡ
ǧٳĬΣ֪ʲôһ仰Ҳûش𣬾ߣüסô㻹Ը⣿
ͣ½ŲֻǾãͽΪѾǸˣʲôԼûʲôҪҡġеλá
Ҳϲ˵ЩΨһ㱣֤
ĵЩ£һҲᷢ
ƿųȥͽΪ͵űߣҿôû˵ػɣûְɣ
ġ⣬ǧٴŵ٩ºСôң
С
˵⻰ԶȥŶŰϵ嵥ã˿
һûһ˶ҹŮ
Ϊⳡ̹״ܵͷˣ˭룬磬ڵ˼ǰǧٺͽΪ
֮ǰڱ߽һԻŴ񣬱ϾսˣǵûȥܶµĴܡ
ҪǷʦΪڣһƼʦ㵱šȪʱô߶߶
һñط꼤͵ġʦ㣡ûгڣװڷķǧȵͷ
Ȫʦ㡭㴩װҲġ
ˡǸȪôá
ˣ

ͬʱɧѶʲôеģǧеģ
˲ǻŮˣǻˣ
ͷ֪ˡ
ô֪ˣ
ϰҽİû𣿰ѽȻҲϰޡ
ޣ
䲻شյͽΪǰΪʲôԸֻѪȴң
ͽΪ
֮Χŷǧʵһ޷Ǿǣ𾪡㵡Ժýʦ㻹ʦ֣ȵҲųҿƨ𡭡ȵȵȣ˳ź޿ʼʧʹ⣬ҲûбĹӦ
ͽΪΧһֱվſֱʿֹʦ˰ҲǲУ
Ⱥץסǧٶǻʳٿһ۾ˣҳȥġ
ͽΪȪŷȵȣΪʲôһ㶼ȵģѵ㩤
԰֪ˣϾǧҵˡ
ˣ

֮һֱȥͽΪй򴭿
ԭȥ̾ʶָ£ֻһˡ
ûȥãԵķǧ١
ţ͸˵˽塣
òһʼ֪ɣ
˱Ϧߣֲ·ͽΪԺӣǷǧٵġ
ͣ£ץ˵ֲɿ
ʵͶԶ̸꣬ƳͿʼ궯ʹȫǿѹסûܳ
Ǽս¡
ôˣǧʡ
ûУҾʣղΪʲôӦô󣿡ü˵
Ӧܴ󣿡üϣҷӦĶˣ˵˵
֪ΪΣоһ˿ѹͽΪĿڣûʲôû˵³Զ˻Ƴų
ҲԸɿĴʷ·ںʲôǧٿڣҪȥ𣿡
ã
˭֪ͽΪ붼û;ܾΪûӦװķǧ٣ȣҲȣ˶٣Ҫȥ̾꣬㲻Ҳõ£̫ô졣ճȥ㡣
˵꼫ذȥ˿ڣ˷Ӧһˡ
ǧ٣
ǸղץԸҪ
ޱ飬۵׻ްվ˺һ᷽ת뿪


88 ճ⣨ţ
, ͽΪǴûɹġҲͰˣָСӶصķܿߵļ
ûͳȥ¯, ̾껹ں˯Ӵק, ŹǷܲҹ˯
ٽ˯
ڿμʦ, ææµ, Ķܰ˯
ӱ, ͽΪҪԼָ, һ¾ûˡ
ģ
šô𣿡
ѣ̾ͷ, Ȼ̧°ͣǼ̳ҵʦ, Ҷˡ
ǿҫԼһͽΪϵعĹ, Ű˿, ·ϴ멣ͽΪȥ¯
¯һӻζϰ˸ĿʯЩǵͽ, ĶС
̾һȥȡһʣͻȻҪָʲô
ˡ
̾꾪ϲͷ͸ҵģ
޿ܡ

С¥ȡϧ, һ߸ܣҵϻظɩָõʯ, ֿʯǺɫġ˺ÿûʲôáЩɫĿʯƫ͸һĲʡ
ͽΪʣܸħ㹦Ч𣿡
ʲôЧ
һ, ܸ֪֡
ǴķҲǲСָ̫Сָ߽
̾ΪѣͽΪʱ, оˡоֻǧٵʲôƷʩӸ߽ˡ
֮ǰһΣԼΪ߾ܶžΣաЩ档
һ㱣պá
ǧҲκãĲʳǲġ
ðں˵أ̾ʾǰһſĸ߽׿ʯĺϵģԾӨ͸Ҫĸӣ
ͽΪ治֪ǧϲʲôɫƬ̣ǡɡ
ǧٵ׼˯˵㣬ڸѵʱˡ
ã͸ǰס
·ȥƿţƳۣͷȼžûˡֹŻ衣
ˮУۣҲûдһ㶯
ĬͷһѲ꣬ȻҲˣԳȥ
ǧߡԺжμҵŮʹճɨȻû˾֪ǻǻܷǧٽߡ
Ů˫ؿԼͷ񣬵ԶˣһʹЦ۾ֱˡ֪˼ˣֿǰɣ
ޣ˵ʲôأСĴС㡣Ů˫ǰ̾ôдŮװɣװͱôӢˬأ
Բһ϶ᡣ
ɽŹʱһҹ仨ɽͷķ紵Щ䡣
ǧٸһȥ˺һͷͽΪܵǰûߡʣôңȥûҵ
ΪʲôҪȳٵˣ
ͽΪ죬Ѿת
ȥֹˮ·ûʲôԣˣ
ûС
ûвŹ֡
ҳٵΪ£ָҲʲôܣʱƷó㾪ϲΪûе㲻¯Ǳߵ˻
һһ߿ɫŲûͣץסǣ죺Ҳˣ㻹
˵ǴˣԽԽС
ڴҪûҪչڣ˵ȥҲҪ
϶Ӻס˵ϣҡҡһǧٽ㡣
ȻɫƳܿתȥ²Ϊ
á
ףǧٴס䣬ЦͽΪʲôϡСӣ
ͽΪɲ뱻ղŻֱŤô˵
Լһ㣬˵ʲôȴ֪ôˡҲûĻ°
ôɽ£ҪˣͽΪɿ
ǧ·ϲ֪ռ˶ٱˣ϶̵Ŀˮɾ˹۵塣촩Ļװ֪ȥö䶯
ʵȻˡ
ӦȻҪϲ
Լϲˣһҹ֮ˡͽΪԱ߿ľʯǳܸͬܣѵõضС˵ͬ顣
ǧûʱɥżû񣬱ͬҲֻ˵Լʧˡ
ڣѾʧĳ̶ȡ
໴޴ֱӵڽǧȥοֻ˺кһŴ֮ģվûͽΪȥ˵˺þãϲŽʵűӴãһ̧ͷͽΪǲ֪ͬ黹ֻʱޡ
ʱ䲻ˡǧٵȥ
һʲôãϲηη
ͽΪ˼ҶӰǸɵúá
ǧٵСӶʲô鰮ɥĸҵˡ
á
ӽ뻮һĺͽΪǧһվſڿ˼ȫߡ
ȥƳѾסֹͣ궯ΪˣɽŹǿǧٵ˲䣬ֿʼҹĶڻϴ
̵̫࣬ôһ˲䣬ǰǿҵİ׹⣬ٻʱ˵һǧٱѹõĳ⡣
ͽΪס
Ա߾ǺͯӣڻǳŻţǿһĻ

һֻץסһֻѾϣ¾û˵˲ȿڽͣԲû
ֱǧѣΪƿָҪ䣬ɲȴס˾Ȼζߵ͵͵죺ôôС
ڱ˵ǲǲҡֳϡ
ͽΪ¶ǵɣ̵ģ
ղ˭˵ҲϡüǴˡ㣬Ҫ
һôʣһȴסıԼֻĴǧͶϢͿʼҡ
е죺ǧ١
ϵֱ۱עʸϡ
ʢСܲա
䣬ҳ·խ˳ϣֱǰ⣬ӦȻܴҲ֪Ϊʲôŵ𡭡ͽΪ
ҵġ
Ҳ׼
ͽΪ֯һȷʵУһͣסԼ֡
֪һˣǧֻѹţҪʱкͯ˳ϢžͻῴǸи֮һķǧٱѹµĻ档
ĻᱻЩҧֱ΢ͽΪѾ·һ룬¶һƬ׵ţͷ£УҶĺ
ƳƲסðһ˲
治С
ô죬ʼ¾Ͳǰʱܽ¡
ʶٿջػƳãʹ
һ˵Ա任״
ӻǧٹŲţ۾ǱúͽΪȼţͷѩ׵ľԡġ

һ룬΢ۿ˵ҧѹסԼ
ͨ죬βҲȾŨŨɫ
㡭ʲôɤеյ˼
㲻ͿȥϿҲҡ˵ִ꣬ͷܺþˣ΢õ㡣ѾúСˡ𣿡
۵ǲۡ
ĸо߳ܣЦҪҽ죬һֱ
𣿡
ģΪɳ޳µĲԼ˵Ƶ˵ǧٺܲڣ仹оƳӱ˸ʲô״
С㡣𲻺˼¡ͽΪڶˣåҽУǧʣ㡭ܱ֤𶯣
ԡ
Ӧøɴ࣬᲻оһˡ
ǡ ðɡ
ģ
šüۣĴָգôˣ
ʲôµġ
ʵû뵽ǧٻӦֻƵ£е㾪ȣΪԼô˴ŲֳΪԼϡ
ͽΪڴףСģһֱޱϧĸоǧץס·ֲԾ߬
ɿֵ֪ĸоŴݵķǧҲȡ
һһ㱻ƳɢͽΪûôܣܺã§̰˴·ϵվ
ƳǱʱ̸ߣݷֿҲ޷ҲУͽΪΪ֧Զٿء
վˣǧٲָ̧̧ʾԷſˣ̬λߵ̬ȣüȴΪЩ죬촽ղҲҧú޵ģֺܺܺ۸
һҪȥ̾꣬ʱ㡣ͽΪһ磬·᲻ᡭ
Ūࡣû˵ʡ
ҲղҪôڵĵ
㲻ңǣƽǰ壬̶߷·ˣԳĬϢץסֻ֣͵Ҳ㣬Կԡ
ͽΪһ٣˵Ҫߣһûססǣ䣬쳣еʱϷǧٴԡƫƫ̺޲Ҳ㣬ֻ
һȭ֪֪ˣ㡭𶯡
û
˵ҡ
ͽΪֻɿǧһƽϢƳһǹ𣬳βòС
ЩعȥţͽΪٿأһš
Ƴ˹Уʲôʵо
˿Ҳе̣ǧٲŸסڱǿǽϣĬĬ룺
ģÿɰ
Ҫɴȥ̾ˡ
Щ˭Ҳ֪ǸǧڵȻǽʱ·ʵһƬǽ塣
ֻ֪Ͼֻ׼ô


89 ճ⣨ʮ
̫ܴ,Ϲ̵̹ģͽΪߣ̾ȴÿ춼ʱ,ֻһƬӽ뿪á
Ƴղű˸Բ״ССպ,ǧǱ߿϶ĸо,Ϊ˷ֹԼ,Ҳˡ
ڣ㲻ǽ,ͽΪԼɲס˳ǧȥҲû
¯ڣ̾Ѿȴһᣬ˸ӣڼ,ռ,ֻͽΪ
,ָҪΪѵľôͽΪԷԼһ߽Ӷ¯ڣһߴͷβһ飬ͽΪþ۾,ʱʱҪͷʡ
̾ͷһμôȤ˵Ҫˡ˭ˣȻҲҪԶ졣һǸô
æµһ,ΪͽΪҪֻ֣̾Աָʾ,֪;֪ʧܼΣϳɺ̿ԱܶѳСɽһˡ
ͽΪʱɸɾ±ͷǺڵģҲһ룬ӭ¯ĺ⣬ĶȻɷҲûã¯һը죬⣬һ
ڣͽΪǺֱȣ̾æȥѴӴ򿪣ҪҰɣƷٽ֣Ȼõʲôʱ򡣡
ǲУͲˡ˵ġͽΪüëϵĻҡ
̾꣺Уٽ̽ɡ
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ǧٵͷûɫӰһž֣еƫ̧㡣
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ͷϸ΢ڵǹȥס𶯡
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ûע⵽ߵĶǧٹţˣϥѾվססǽڵأһŴһͽΪ˲֪顣
ǽϣ׵ָ͸ź죬Խ߬Խ
ɫ͹Ĺɼ
ɿ쵽ǸʱȻֹƳˡ
űĺְĳһ٣վ
ŽȥϲԱŸղŵĽƣ첲ʹʦôȥôáҡҿԷ𣿡
°ɡǧƳ۴⣬ٽƻˣ͵ɡȥԸϰС
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ͯ¿ȥĶ棬ֻϲǧƲ͸˿ڽ΢ޱ飬ܾáƽʱ̫һ
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һ¯ʱֻǾƣ룬Ϊæһ磬ڶʱȴĿϢǰ軨ð׹⡣
ӽǶȻ׹䣬ֽŸоԼġ
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ס죬ӦһŷԼڿ
öԼ֣ȴֻצӡ
̫ˣṹ졣ͷ˲䣬צӷĴԲ˵죬ҲƳԼ첿һë
̧ͷ鲼ϼոߵף·ԼȻ䰫ࡣ

ʲô
ǵ澵ӣûЦ뷨ڿеԼ󣬳׷顣
һֻ峤ԼĪһ׵ǡ
ëνý۷ۣϬ˵㣬طøһɰ
ԼĻͽΪӦûͦϲ
Ҫȥǧ٣Ҫ׽ڣؼʱ̸
ƻ裬̫ȫɽǰһӣǧٿڳһӰ
ˣֻ󹷡
Կһ۾ûȤƳߣɴȴǰͣס
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󹷷ǵĵͺϸŷ֣ƺǹһֻδ̡
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ǧ˵ûпԸԵġ
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׷ԴףＱڵͺʲô޷Ӧͺֱܿίӡ
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μұϾǷǧٵĵ̣תҲɱ㣬Щʿ˿ɲһ߰ɡ
ûǵҰ޴ԣë׵Դһתֻԡ·ٷʱ
һ·ûˣС̧Ÿں漷ݣԼ˸ԶصĹ굽£е
μұϾƸߣҹ²󣬰ůҹȴ䣬ëụ̂˯ͷ˵׼ö
ǧٲᣬԭؿʼ⿪·
ڰ׵ŹҪµģƮƮڵϣѽɫһƬˮգ˶٣ְϡ
ͽΪڹӵ¿׵ƤԽ¶Խ࣬ĶĶˣٿȣצ۾Ҳ治̫סڷǧѵòŴʱߣͽΪֻļֳƯĺǡ
ԡңźܿ챻ϡ
ӹϴȻҲһʱͽΪѾȫϤĽŵص塣
̯ڴϣצӵ㣬ʹãԸߵﱨԼĪƥǡ
ιǧ٣ԶܿдӲʲôϴε²㻹ôҫҫã
ͽΪʱʶԼ˵˻
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΢˵ǧôҲϳɡ
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ȻǶԼģͽΪȴе㲻ˡ
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޻̺Ҳһ˻ѵԼԼռͲˬһӾˡ
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ҧŴۣΪʲôͽΪ˶Ϊʲô
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ıܷӦԿܡ
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۾еĴࡣ
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Ҳá
ȥ飬ǧٻµĴ죬ֻܿ˯


90 ճ⣨꣩
,ͽΪۣˡ
ʯүô£ֻ˵һ̫֮,岻Ӧơ
ҪôӦֶı䰡
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ǧ١ͽΪһյƸףʮ֡ûһֵ͸ԸԶһʵ궼û
ӳŵе΢΢⣬Цǡ
