ȼ޸Ժ
: 

:
³çײȴ֪͸ĵԲںҹڣ֮ȴƢִŮ
Ͼһ¶˵ģСŮ榾¡
ϧӹǽʱ齼䣬д븮ΪΡ
ĸֻƽǣʹһӴڹҲС
Ȼϣ򸮼˶˵һֽԼ
̺һ򣬿һ֮ƴ³Ҳ˵ģǸߴƢ꣬ӽްԡ
˴δ棬̺飬ֻ̰ͼò֮ˣȢ˽榻ȥӦеˡ
ĸ󵱳ʣּɣ֮֡
ֻŲҵ̺⣬еĸס
̺⸩ս榵Ķϣֻµֻܻȥ˾ͺãպҲҪҵϽӵ˲źá
ҧҧǶᣬӦ֪ġ
.
ǰʹҲѧϰΪϾЩҹĵ䷶ΪľһòˣҲܼһɾøĸԼģȴû뵽һ֪Ĵֲ佫Ȣˡ
Ͼ˶Ϊȥ򸮱Ȼȥ޻ء
տ߽榵˶Խ䳰ȷ˵һԳߣʸȨȷʵûʸȨȴ̯̺ˡ
Ҳû뵽̺⾹ãΪĲҽѰҩ
ҹ˯ţΪˮһΪϴţһ˵ˡ
ϲʳϾõĳӱŻʳ
˵榵ĲǽҪ˿Żãɴûе榡
.
̺ҾǴҪһȺ˴ʱһСͻȻֹȺˡ
еǮƶЩ˲ŻԼ
榰˵ҪǿŲ۸
ƼСԼҲµ˫ַ
ǿʥ뽪榵ĻԼȢ˼ţֻ뽿
컣ǰůԼģ˵ˡ
ѹ/𣬴ŴȴǿԽ˵榣ҡ
.
糡һ
˽ţ̺ǰĨҩ
СƤϸ壬̺Ĩȥͺøˡ
IüĽŷƢ䣬ָǴֲڣҪˡ
̺Цһ޲˵ǰ̫ˣҪѰô
榲ԣȴȻġšһ
ֻ̺¶һζЦ
.
1.1v1˫࣬he衣
2.Ͳ˳ִһ׾ŮһͲͲ˭޿ޡ
3.Ůڶɳ
4.һ飬Ůվ顣
5.ǵǿȡᣬΪȢŮһʼǰбš
6.ȷʵ³ç΢΢΢΢ںĸоŮĵĺãϸں

ݱǩ  ж Ե ˮ¥̨
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣԤաѪر֮Ȧղأ  
һ仰飺ںҹ
⣺飬ֹ񣬰̧ΣýȢ


1 
ϾǰһС꣬ͣˣЩʪȴԴŶյĺ⣬һݵķ˱ǶѬ΢
һ磬һݵȵͣǰ
һԵСѾÿ˳Ƭ̣һֻǽڷܷܷ̽˳СѾæȥסֻ֡
ֵ˾߳
˫Ȼ䵭˫΢ҶIüü䷺Ųƣ룬ɵķɫԵ촽ݣ¶͸һ֮һƯ䡣
紺²ˡ
榴һϮ׽֯ѣʱ㲻䣬ȴźĶ񣬻ﻹһӡ
СѾ߷ŽС
µʯ庮榽Ÿմأӽŵ״ͷý榴һ
С㣬Ҫ𣿡Сſǻίˡ
˵ȴûסǻ⣬ȿһҲ
Сæĺģ˳˳
һ˵ֻˣ²Żɿڡ
˵̧ŷߵǰ
ȻʾСš
СҾǰȥסŻ˼£ûãصűˣһɳƵϢ
һһȳһյ˳ƺ֪˽榻Ҳȣֻ࿪ӶԽ榹С㣬롣
⣬ϣòҲֻȹżСҵĲ¸ȥ
ŲΪľȥȳ޹ĸס
ĸĸʣȫΪҪˡ
ǰĸһڸŸ糯ţû뵽Ȼȴĸ׺һʥּ
ʥּݾǽָ򸮼̺⡣
˵Ϊ̺Ϊ߽˰ʯݣʥϱŵһԸٹٵ棬Ǹ֪ڵ֪ȥ˽ԼĻ顣
ĸʱɫ԰ף˵̺֮ͽãǰ׬ǮʱͨãԽԽ󣬺ĲѴ︻ɵйĵز
蹹ʳΪĹңǱĻΪ÷ڣÿƾٿԣ볯˹١
Ʒвãòʣ֪ڣѧ˾ǮåƷУ˳࣬榼ȥ
ĸԽ˵Խ˾Ȼֱ˹ȥ
榾Ϳޣµ˶ſޣСһ£Ҫժȥ˶޵
ҹ빬ʥʥջسӣ֮ϵӣųĻջأԽΥʥּؽ
ϢŲĴȥ˸׵ĳкѡ
Щ˶Ϊ
µ񣬽榲òѰˡ
.
̺⵽Ǹеģĸۡ޵ޱȵɣ榲ЩΰĽ𺳣Ϊߵóޱȣ룬޹ˣǲǾҪȸһ򸮹صأ
뵽ؿһ⣬˿
ͷϵ֧θŻζ޵Ⱦϡ飬ȥˡ
ǰͣ׿Ž榣˵Ժ޽ˣӻҪӽΪҼ˵á
üһͣ㲣ƺһ仰˵ˡ
СҷŽ榣⻰˫΢죬С㻹û޽һūĶô໰Сӹ˵㣬κ˶ûϵ
ף潪榴򱧲ƽ
ֱȻҡҡͷ
ڱ֮£һһжҪƣСңҪ񡣡
СҧҧһۣȻٶ
榶ǷǷȻõƵ˵˼ңʧˣͷ·ɡ
ΪƣȥҲֻ䲻ˣһ
˼ҲΪСҵǷŭЦת˴·
򸮺ܴ󣬽榺߹ô·ӹһᲡϢʱЩͷΣüͷӶѹСϵģС֪ԼСһַͷΣ׼ͣý榻
ȴҡҡͷʾȥ
СΣȴҲΪ
һǱ㵽һԺ䣬˼ͣס˽ŲͷԽ˵ǰ߾ˣߵλѾԼһȥͺˡ
סһһĻŴ롣
СԣҪҼС㣡
˼Ҿ˵Ҽ˵ˣֻϼһˣǶȥˣҲˣҪȻҲðˡ
Ȼһͷ˵á
ȻתСҵ֣С˵ڴ˴Ҿͺá
С㡪СҵԼС˿
ҡҡͷɫ԰ףֻһΪĴ
С̲סֺۿ˵ʲôҲֻܾʽȥ
ѭʯ·Űŵȥ
ǰ
ɪɪ´裬˴úһͿһ
££Ȼ̧š
ܿľʹһԵ
ǺģȴãǴԵģŹƻģ߽ӣû·ˡ
ɫ򶨵˽ȥ
ڵĳһӵǮģǵذ廹ֻûһġ
ѭŷŵȥ֮һˡ
˲һֻŴϣһֻ̤ڵϣīǰõ鷢ס飬ͦüУ£˿·
ְֻһֻ䣬ָ޳Ʊܴ󣬹ǸֱϱƤ֮͹榵һ
˿ȥһҰ
榺ëһֻ˾èһҪ޵ˡ
榺С벽ǷǷ
̺⹴˹ϸŽ榣Ŀⲻ̴Ųֺ֪ΪΣ榱סӵֻֽֽüͷø
Ƽ˽榽ŵģֻ̺棬վŽ
ŷ֣˾˸ߴ̧ͷֻƼߡ
̺߽Щǿ򶨣̺۾
Щģû˫ÿ۾￴Щĵ飬һϲ˵ζ
̺ȥ榵£־̫ףָԼոλõԱ˵˵ɡ
ѭֿȥԥһ󣬻ûȥ¡
榲Ϊ̺̽ʣôˣ
ҡҡͷ㿪żɽʵСŮ˷ǰġ
̺Ԥϣ˵㸸ǿʥּңҪЩʲôİɣ
榱ףЩʣҪʲô
̺£Ѿ׼ҪЩ뿪ҲǷҪɡ
һ̺˵ڼ϶㻽һ˶٣̽Ե˵ô
ƽ榲Ը⣬ͿĵҪ
Ҳһ㶣̺ҪȵΥʥּؽˣôãҪҲһ䡰ɡ
榷㶣̺˵㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ롭
ɡĺ˿ڡ
ʵֲûκθ飬ƴһ֣κ̺ȴǾÿġ
ϲΪȴս˽榣Ȼ˵ֻܻȥ˾ͺãǽ榣պҲҪҵǸϽӵ˲źá
˵պ˵Ļڡ
βǶᣬĿסؿڷ⣬ҧҧȻ˵ͷ˵֪ġ
˵̺¶ЦȻ˵С㣬㡣
ԭزûжǰ̺ͣ˽Ųȥ
ͻȻʣһ
̺һü˵ͷʾʡ
榱˵ΪʲôҪȢң
л˵

̺⣺ŽҶ~

ԤġѪر֮Ȧղأ
о
楋OԼܳˣԴϸˤһӺ;Լϣһ֡⻷
ͶԼҳͬһطʱܻһƽˤʮǵˤԼҵĻ
ֻһ£ȻŻѪˣ
ȫͶԼҶһ㵵Ŀ
楋OѪڵĽͣǰιûҪ˵˼
߾Ϊ˷ֹ͵ضȶɣЬٰϵĶȥ͵
ȻǽˣûôһǽΪý楋O֣ˣ
.
ʵɣ⻷ҲһôϷʱΪˤһӹ˵Ϻ´ˣȻȫϷʡ˹á
ٱɣ楋Oԩˣʡ˹ѩķá
پ
楋OĻл
.
ǸԼޣΪȦ֮Ҳ˺ͽ楋Oǧ˿ƵĹϵ
̨ͬʱ򣬽楋OСĴ׸ߵĵطˤȥԺ֮ʣŸϹĶԼҵ֣ѵĽҸ˵ޣҿҪʧˣֻգࡰλ¼ҿһܴ̼ͻõġ
ޣ˵ʲô
Ȼ楋OͽҽԺΪЪʧ䡣
ްŰɵĵ㿪ֻܴ࣬󣬽楋Oָ䣬ҽ˵ҽѧ漣
楋Oлл㡣
.
ٱݵʱһ̼˽楋O
÷ƣȻ˵ޣݿҪˣ׼ҵ´绰
ޣ
һ룬ݼ׹æ˼Ծȣ楋OҲ˵绰ʮ
άԱݴû£û뵽ˣô侲˿ɲˣ
楋O˶Ҫ˺
.
Ϊ˷ֹˤϵĹ⻷楋OÿζޣȻǧ㲻粻㣬һҪĲɷûϣ΢иһµĽ楋OΪһˤˣԼһˡ
楋O㲻Ҫ
ãȻ㣿ã
⣬ΪӵֹѪ⻷ˣˡ
楋O
ˣֱˣ
楋OõҵȦģټ
Ȼ˿
˵ˣأǸƵǿ¶ûϣ
أǰOO̫ɰˣˤ˶ѣȻ޽£ء
Ķôɺϣɺϵĳ̶ֳȵʱ򣬾~~


1.1v1˫࣬ȦɳСģhe
2.ŮѪ⻷~ҲӲ~
3.Ƹ֮ʵΪȻж֣Һͱ̫׽ˣ˸֮
4.İ2022.12.29ʽͼϴ
ŲʲôС
һţסãСĻ̲סã置Ů
Զ֮һĺУΪһЩԭ䵽δһ
һ񣬲˺첼Զֻ֮Ϊϰףÿİݷûгʳ˾ȥϻԵϵƢãٻʲôʳ
µĿգΪԵʱʶһﳤúƯԸϵ˶ǸΪʥŮ
ʥŮҪĶʱʥŮһԺ˵Щ¶ǵĲĻ
磺Զ֮ѽūϿɲ԰˯ѽҹˡ
ֻǣԶ֮ѽ㳤úÿŶ~
ʶԺϵ˾ʹǼѼģǳˣ⣬ʥŮ⣬ڷǰĺܻ䣬Զ֮˵
˫һûɣֵĵòˡ
ҹɫ컣ʥŮ¶Իѹסڷǰ˽䣬ǽǿޣ˵Ϊˡ
ʥŮ֣Ҫǲϲңÿհʲô
Զ֮
ʥŮǰѺ첼ʯӳԶۣ֮Զ֮޵øˡ
ԭΪ˷ֹС˶ʥŮÿһʥŮú첼ˣǿԶ֪֮顣
.
˫δһŮҲǿеʥŮÿչúУֱһ࿡ĺг
Сÿնʯ񵻸棬Ū˫һͷˮвݷʲô
Сƫƫͳúζÿÿ䣬ͰСж࣬ƫƫǸУԽԽϲʹ
ԱСп޵ʧһðȷʵʧˣȥοСоͿ˵ҲΪˣҲ/һڷǰ˽䡣
˫㿴Ҳ췹ˣ㻹ǴҰɡ
Զ֮۵һֿˡ
˫Сɰ
.
һ˫ϵ˸֮СɲˣʯҲˣĿ˵ǳĹү°˵ġ
˫ʿ벻̣ʯԣҷ֮𣬲죡
ʰŹƳƶȥǧȷˡ
û˸ǸСɣǰʥϴеһ˹̫ӵѽ
Ž˾Сɣ˫ȭǣ
Со˸һǽףȻ˵ǰЩ˵ıأ
˫ѧӣ˫ֺʮһĹ˵

1.1v1he˫ࡣ
2.ǿްֻǺԼ
3.ָԭݺų׷Լеݣʼŷңгú󹬵ģ̫֮λŮԶ߸߷ˡ
4.Ůһ飬վ顣
5.ŮΪ֪ݵԼŻ޼ɵ
6.룬Ĳظ֪Ҳá


2 Ȣ
̺΢΢˫ԴӢŲ֪ý¡
̺̹ȻϲȢؼҡ
ϲʲô榾ԼûõóֵĵطƢãҲãҲûоա
̺ЦЦ漴˵㡣
̹Ȼη̬ýƿԣ򴽣ɫЩȻǷǷ˵СŮˡ
˵Ҳ̺˵ʲôȹںܿ˳̺ʱŵһɵѩ㡣
Ҳ֪ԼôصĸֻǵСҷ򸮺ͷΣûʶ
۵ʱѾԼķˡ
Աĸףĸü価ƣ֮ȥ˺öꡣ
榱ĸСķȻ˰뱭ˮʣأ
ĸŬļһȿ޻ѿЦȻ˵ˣͻ˵ġ
ʱ榲ԼȥǸ˵ġ
һ˯˶ã͵͵ʡ
ĸȥβˮ˵榶˯һ죬ȥ̺⣬Ϊβ߰
榸˯ѣǵƣ˵˰ѣǶﲻæұֻȥˡ
ʲôð£ĸԽԽԼŮ̺ⲻˣƴϹͷҲ
ҡҡͷһ뵽̺ǼصˣһͷۣˣԷǲ֪ˣԸȥ룬ԼҪ޸֪ڵˡ
榶Բ㣬ﱣ㡣ĸ޳§˻޵úġ
鵭Ѿһ㣬ο˽ĸ䣬ʣôˣ
û£ʥֻ˽ȥĵҲûΪҲ£ʥҲҪֻ°ˡĸ۵榵
ʮ꼸Զţڹ֮ô꣬ѧʶ䣬ûý榼޸ʲôȨֻܹƽƽһӴڹҲС
û뵽ǵŮҪ޳ȥˣҪ޸һˡ
榶޹ȥȥܿĥô
榾Ŀ֮ϣɫҰף׵˫ƤƯûȦ΢죬üͷ΢ɫ˳㷢ڼͷȻһɲ̬
Ͼ˶˵榼޽˻ڣ˶ɷ̺ļҲ˶ϲˣ˽Ϊף˶ϧ
ڶյʱƸ
˵ʮױ̫ˣֱ̺һլӸңȻȥƸװһԺ䣬̺Ȣ榣ô˶Ľ׮µġ
յʱʮ׼£ý榰Ļٻһ
ʱ򽪸¶ûã̺ҲգԼȥװ罪ӲǰԭĽװε֡
˵δǾһˣЩǮӦĸû˵壬ֻԼãսԼ鷿Ҳš
榵ǿˣƿ˴һĮȻĿԺд۵ĺ죬ݵˣ֮ʮ꣬Ҳηˣ˿࣬Ǹ˻ȪС
.
ӳͷ쵽ͷ򸮵·Ϲ˺վӭ׵ˣ̺߹ĵطһصͭǮ漴ǺһƬҽ鶼̡
ǽ榳޵ӡ
¼ûЦݡ
СҿŸױ˼£֮͹ڽ榽űߣŽϸ޵ϡﻩòƽΪʲôҪƵС㡣
榺ۿСҵͷȻ˵ҪˣҴͼһΣۺû㶼ףҵġ
Сҿ榽촩ϲϾһһҹģ޴ޣͷϴһµķڣһĨɫ䣬üȾ촽΢㣬ϵ֬Ⱦ˿˼ɫ۵ȴһ䡣
Ͼӣȴӡ
ʱϲ˵ӭ׵˵ſˡ
СҾһ߳һ߽ͷͷϸȥ
ĿͭԼһһıͷסͷǰֻһƬ죬ͷҲֻܿԼ˫֡
СҷŽվЩӣҲһЩ·ҲûôƮˣֻǳصĻǿġ
˴ã̺ѾϲڵˣҲģɫۺͷڣκֱʱϡļ䣬ݼ񣬶׼˫˫ȴֻЦȥ
榱˳ĸҲֻϣǿʹ̺ǰȥӹ˽ĺ
˰ݱ˸ĸҪ뿪ˣǲһͿʱĸҲסס˽榡
榶
ͣס˽ţ̺Ҳͣ˲ӣЦſ˽榡
˭ڴſͷµǸˡ
ĸС˽榸ǰϵֻȡȻԼȡĽ˽榵ϣˮݺᣬɫȴ࣬·һҹ֮ʮ겻ֹ۲ĿŽ榣ֻĦŽϸ۵֡
ʱĸ׸ġ
ҪôȽ榼ɾҪôǵԼҪ˵ʱٸ榵ģϣ榱һֽǣסˡ
ĸϸ˺ܾã˵ҲԼŮޣǲģе٣ǽӸԼŮ
罪׼ױʱһôҲԼŮޣԷȻʮױǽ٣еļױһû١
ʣνĸӵһ£ȻĸС߿ˡ
̺ĳ˳ĺȻӶԽ˵ӣˡ
ü޴£̺䡰ӡ֣̿ҲʲôӦֻ̧žͿ˽
ƲĶֻСҷߣСҲй˼ĵطСĵĲʣҪ̤ʱֻһ紵һ㱺󣬽һС벽Ҫȥ
Сŵһ亹æҪȥס榣ȴ̺һ̺Ѿֳȥס˽榣ƿס˽ϸ֫Ȼסӡ
ֻÿסԼֻֿޱȣ̺룬榵ôϸ
̺ĸڽ榶˵ӵǽһҪˣȲȵ
嵭Ҳڷ̻Ϸʣ˶ʼ̡
˫һæȺӣǽʧˡ
̺˵ˣҲĶƳʲôæ˽ȥ
̺Ҳᣬӭ׵Ҳ֪Ѱ˼Һݶ٣ֻޱȣͷֻܿµ·
̽ǰмһɫ棬Žɫĵɫ˼Ȼȥֻ⳵һ棬ҲӲȥˡ
뵽ûסס˿ȣӸҲ
̺һãǰͷȴǧо׼Ĳ׽˽榿Ե
һȻ˫ȼһǣšȥ
ϲŰˣæȥȰ̺⣬˵ʹʹá
߲ûͷ·ϲ˵
̺ⲻԣüβһ˵ôˣ
ǲģǲܱȥġϲ͡
̺еԥԤƿҲסˣǸźӣұһӣһͱɤӰɡ
榻ȴӣ˿
ܹõļҽ̣ﲻʳˮ̺רź˵ˣҲ˹ء
̺ģصڲʳˮлɾˡ
̺üûסÿŽ˵ˣ˶ٲɫ˵ǾͲȣù㡣
ǰȥǾԼǺģƫƫ榻顣
öԷԣȴûʲô˼ȥôֺԼδķΪΪԼĽˣԼд
˫ֶ˵ϣֻĳȴԾúòУǰ׻飬˵Ȼ˼ʹһȥ棬޽ңԼĸĸˡ
л˵

̺⣺Ȣ


3 
Ҳ֪˼֣榹ſ쵽˵ʱͣ
ǿʯͷͻȻøˣЩ˺ϲԼϲÿԼˣˡ
ϲһýһ˫ںͷ𽥱ˮϣһಡȴǼѧϰΪľڲò˵£ҲܹѰһõķңðﲻΪԼģôҲû뵽Լ޸̺ˡ
Ҳ˵ǲǺԼ־ͬϵˣ˵޸Լĸĸϴ棬ĹԼ£ҲԼǰôŲ֮ѧĶͽˡ
ûҶ룬Լ̲ס޳
ֻɫ߳
ϲȥ榴Ӹͷ·Ƽϲ֣΢΢ִȥ
ϲﷴס˽榵֣Ȼӵ
úúáȺʼ壬˷
ø
ɩӿȫϾÿŮˣ
ֲǿˣ

üһͣϲ˹ȥȻͻȻϲｫԼַŵһ
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һ㱣ʶľս֣һС̺Ⲷ׽˻ȥȥȥȥӵϱԼҪȥǵϱ
Ҳ˵ܾԲ
Ҳ֪ǾͺôЦŽһ
ǻҪ̲סôˣҪˣҧŴԼȳ
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˵˻ֻҡҡͷýҪƣ̺ͬһЩǰĴٹˡ
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̺Ը˵ѷ˷ȥϢ
ѾҲæһһҵǰȥס˽榵ֻ֣Ȼ˵ˣߡ
榱˳˵ߣȴؿڷƣ̫ѨͻһͻۣסŲȻߣȴʹΪô˵棬ʧԼӡ
ǿŲʼߣǦ˰أ֧Լûˣ˵Ҫˡ
ʱͻȻһֻȵĴ֣һӦͱһᱧ̽һţʶľס½סû
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ɵһ˲Ⱦ˺Σڳϸϸĺ
ʲôҪԵĳ嶯Ӻ伷仰
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ȫĴЦ
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תǶ˵Ļ鷿Ȼ̧һߣͽ߿
šѵһ̺⽫榱ڣ榲ĺˣȴ˰֣Ψ̺ⲻڣʱ򡭡
ѾңٲԸ⣬Ҳݲʲô͸ʲôˡ
̺ߴ󣬻ǲϧ֮ˣԼܻһֻӣҪǺ¾ڵĿԼ
ԽԽÿɲû̺ʲôȿ˳ҧŴֻ͵͵ĵᡣ
̺⽫ķ˻鴲ϣȻһѽͷĸץûʲôǰս˽ĸͷ
榺̧ͷ̺⣬̺ͷ榣Ŀԣ̺һȫǾ㵡
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ȴ룬ǰǼ̺ģʱûϸʰƲÿɽһȷʵǿʵġ
ȻعܿĿ⣬ˮȴߵӹ䡣
̺ڻعƼ榵ᣬͷݺһæ˽榸ǰȻ̧ȥ榲ᣬԵôˣ
ŬסᣬҧŴҡҡͷ
̺üͷ׷ʣΪ޸ίˣ
Щŭζϸüۣҡҡͷ
ô˵ԼҼ޹ڱ£һһжǲɼġ
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һ㶣ɻĿ̺⣬ԭ̺Ϊǵġ
ȴǲġ
СѧĶ
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榲֪Լ˵˻Ȿ֮ڵġ
̺Щص˵һһޣν֪ô
ŷӦ鼱֮ѿڶҲûǵûνæĿȥ̺⣺ɾʧˣ͸Ĺ
СĿڣ˶Էˡ
ŵ͵̬öԷȴˡ
̺򱡴ַŵ˵Ҳûвˣ㡭㲻Ҫ¡
ԼȢؼң˵һ仰СģԼƢ꣬ڽǰѹѹģǷԼЩýģЩա
óԷЩˣɾѵǣûк¡
̺̾һְѽϵᶼɾˣȻ˵˵岻ʣҪȥˣ֪𣿡
Ž榻Ҫܾæ˵ͬ˵ҲҪͬ˵޸ޣ͸ҵģ𣿡
˽榱㲻˵ʲôˣֻܹԹԵĵ˵ͷ
̺ЦһѹһЩȥǺ
˵һ춼ǲܳԷģӹһҷԸӽ͵ȵӡ˵ſǵ榻˵ֲ˵ҽ͵͵˿ġ
һů˲òȵһҩȷʵǵˮδմˣ̺⾹ΪǵҲ˵ҪĻˣһԼ̺ƺԸǿӲˣԼ
˵ͷ˵лɾˡ
.
л˵
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̺⣺ŲҪءί


4 
̺ɫЩ޵Ŀ˿榣Ȼ˵ͷϵĶ̫ˣһ˸ȡ˾У·̫ˣҲԻˡ
榴һĻƳϸ΢ĲУ̧̺֪Ϊʲôô׺ݵһ˿Ժϸ˵
֪ˡ榵˵ͷ̵Ľë֮һ£ϵҲŻ˻ΣƯò񻰣һһ͸Ų׽䣬̺˼֡
˵ҳȥˣˣЪҲС
榾˵ɾĪҪ
ǹĶԷֻ˵˾ɲģ̺˾ƻƷ裬žƾʹʱ˳Կģܹ
ȴͷһů彪һˬʵЦá
̺߰ǲزסϲãƫͷıӰ뿪棬ֻһߴ/ͦıӰ
ɫȻɻ֮⣬Ϊʲô̺ʹеĲ̫һ
תһ룬־ԼȥƷ˲ôܻһֱԼôãΪǶ»ʸаˣȹһЩʱգԼ㲻ôùˡ
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ʱűˣŵúһæſڣﵹʢŴ²䡣
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ѵصĴʳУȻһһ˳ϡ
榷ЩһЩֻ࣬üͷһ棬ֳ⣬ȻһЩʲôģûһ嵭Ĳˡ
ûùţһٷôģͶԶ˵ܷȥһʳûθڳЩ
˲ҵæϵĲԭⲻķŻʳУ˵ūǷԸ׼
Ȼ˾ǷǷ˳ȥ
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ĦӣȻ־ǻһ⣬Ϳ
˿ȵ·ҪһûȵԶˡ
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˳Ƶ˴һţΪԼļַˣεķͬգûκԤ׵ľͿʼ
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ƤҲóģģſʲôѵһˤ˵ϣȻһˡ
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Ѿ߽ӹҩӣȻŴһĶ˵롣
һӱֻʣ³̺ͽ榶ˡ
̺ĳһӵ˴ǰȻʮֲȥһȴڵϣһȲϣĿȴڲϵǸ
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ʱ½Ѭ˫ۣɤӣý榺ˡ
ȿȿȡϵͻȻ
̺æվץһԵĲﵽһȵˮ
Сǰȥѽ榷ȻпԼĻٽǱˮι榡
ͷԲѣ۾ҲԵĹͷεĸɵ÷۵ɤһ仰˵ڣҶǱˮɵɤӣҲӲ
һһڵˮ̺һȻ§Žι
ǡݲݷ꣬طˮ
һˮ¶Ǻ󣬽榾Լǵ
ûۣŵǹϤ㣬һŶǵܺ
ΪСҡ
ɳѹȸе㽫ļ份˻ǰѾˡ
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æ˵ҹʳҹ
ѣ͵ˮһûɶоܵˡֱ̺˽ˡ
л˵
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̺⣺徹Ȼ˲ҪΪҽ壡


5 ι
̺˵˺ƭǡƻ˵Ϣڽ榵Ķϣýһ
ű̺⻳ֳЩнСģȻ̧̺˵ɾˡ
˴룬˵Ŀָֻ壬̺ɿվĸߴĹȫȻڣý˶Ӱ֮¡
ͻȻһЩ֣̿ȴһ˿
̺ɫ޵ĿŽ榣˫ֲʣźɫԵһ˿һ꽫ˬӢԽһº͵Ц˵㲻˾нҶѽΪޣһˣҪﵱԼļң֪𣿡
榵˵ͷ̺˵ªҪòʲôԲߵĶֻȥ˵ˣҵġ
˼Ȼ˲˵ǸŮˣ˵ĻҲ̺һз
΢ᴽǣ˵ɾܵ檶֪ˡ
̺Ҫ˵ʲôǳѾ߾Ͷһ˽̺Ƴֶ̧ࡣ
ȻŴȥҨҨȻս˽榵Ĵߣʹι榡
ܳ΢΢ŵһӣ̺Ҳգʣôˣ
ɾܵԼԵġ˵žҪȥӹ̺롣
̺΢΢ܿ˽榵֣ȻЦЦ˵ôţ㲻Ըأ
һæ˻ȥü޴£ϸܵĽëһ¾ס۵׵˼˵ֻǲϰź򡣡
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ʱͻȻ˵˵¸նҪŵģȰæ꣬ڸúţȻҪˣˣϻĵġ
榾ͽ׷Ž֣ػصɾÿգҲ檻ŵġ
̺ȴܵ˵ôУһ˻ȥܹǻῴЦģǻ˵㲻ַһϲѽȴǷǳġ
榿˿ԣαֱ̺ԲĻǵûŴ̺ȴΪвĵطʶľȥĺ󱳡
Ȼ˵Щȣ˵ʲôȳ˵
౻̺ˣת˫־ͱֻ̺ס̺ǹ̵ģԴԴϵȴϣҲһܺ
̺ȴԣʣ㷽ûôģΪ̫𣿡
榲ۼİֳ˻Ȼ󽫶ϵ鷢˶ҡͷ˵еȣµġ
¶Ĺ⻬ľϸŵĺ죬̺ɫ˼֣¹һ£Ȼ˫ۣһԵֶ˻ŻмڣԼҨ˽榡
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榽ӹ־˵ɾȻߣȴôҲ˵ڡ
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ȴĿֻܴ֮ȵĿиֿֿܵʲôϲͣ˵
СҲϲ游׳ϯǳϣܸܵĿͷβڡ
榲ϲΪо˶ģöԷʵڲɾԺ游׳ϯˡ
Ҳһ˵ĿȴöģöԷһСϣƻһȡ
ԶһЩ
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ÿѳϰߣ/ǹɨĵطķ硣
ѾˮԡͰѾСĵź
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ġšһȻʣǼÿ춼Ҫô
ƹÿ峿Ժ䣬ѾֺЩˡ
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ȻԼҼǺܺõˣôҲ
ϸĸ榲ͷȻʰһ΢ҵķ䣬͹ԹԵ˳ȥˡ
Űɫ£ĳɢڼͷڴߵ̺ͬ˵һҲЩƣˡ
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ͽͷһƫһ˯
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ϴҲЩˣ˶Сĵƿ˷š
Ŀǽڴϵ˯գü΢΢𣬷˿΢΢ңۣ㲻ܴ￴룬رڰƵ£̺һӵɷܰС
˲ӣߵ˽榸ǰƳϱȼѬ㣬ԸƵİ㣬ѹֽôҲ˯š
л˵
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6 
̺⽫̽˻׼ƽŵ˯£ȴüͷľס½̺⶯סѹӺ壺ô˯ˣţ
ºйƻԣŰȫУ߲˼֣Ž榵Щ̵Ľë֮˲̺ĶҪˡ
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̺⿴ãȻ̧Ž΢üȥҲֻͣǰ̽ȥֽ̽˻
Ӿҩ̺ôĿ졣
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.
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榱ӾӸµĿǰŵİƣ鵭ˣɡ
Ÿ
˵㲻غ˵ûпϰԣҲ
̺˲ûղϰԣҲղصʲô󺱼飬඼Щνҹһ˵ʲôãղʲô顣
ҴһҲüµˡ
ĸҵӦ
ʱǲѾˣ΢΢ʱķ
ƣǵķˣҲѾţūھȥš
榲˵Ĭˣڰƺߵúżڴ˼
¶մʪȹ׵Զ
õзһŻʯԲϹص·˿Ѿ˷ˣǽϵйһǶ⽪榲δıòźŵѾؾصվǰˡ
̺⻹ûҲ
̧߽ǽϵǷȥƻ漣
л˵

̺⣺˯ˡ


7 
Ļһ۱ƳǼǰĳλջ곯ͼ٣к÷÷ˮɺɽ裬Ժ졢÷Ϊ壬ͼǾ
ϰģЩ˵ķ񣬺мϿһٵġ곯ͼܼһ漣ġһ¸жá
ΪѰȴҲû˵κιټôҲ벻漣Ȼ̺⵱װΣĹڡ
в̣Ȼһִֻӣ̧һֻȥһ»ȻǾģһʱ
̺⻻·ϵʱһ۾Ϳ˽榵ıӰ̧ͷǷרעԼҲ֪
̺˽Ųվڽ榱ԶϹЦ⿴Ž榵ıӰβֳԼĳ硣
΢΢̾õĻùҽ鷿Ŷԡ
̾ʲô̺ǰ˽榵ʡ
榺̺ܿһЩȻҡҡͷûС
˿񣬿ϲ̺⽫ĿŵǷȥˡ
ҲǲɶʱˣֻԼԼȱʲôȻһװΣģȻǲˡ
ϲϲϲǲϲ̺ʵʵĵһͷ⻭ǰ⿴һµģȻޣ漣Щʧ񡣡
̺⿴˿榣ֿ˿˵һҲЩֻ;ùÿǷ㲻һѧö࣬Ҳ࣬ҲǸ¶⻭Ժǲ˸ô
ҡҡͷܾɾҪľһʺĵطͰҵ鷿Ǻʲˡ
䣬ˮκ̺Ҳ²͸˿̵˼ĻҲֻܽҵ鷿ȥ
˰֣һźæǰȥȡֻȻ˫˳ȥ
ǰȥ˽榵֣Լ߰£Ȼ˵ˣǲ̸ˣԷɡ
ɨϵʳһۣȻ඼ʳʢ࣬һ
˶죬ʼҲû˵ʲô
ȻϵĿӾͿʼвˣ̺һ鼦׼榣ȴۿķͼ̺Ѳ˼нʱ򣬽סɾ
ֻ̺֮˿С
ɾԼеġʵ벻ʲôȥ˵ԼʳϰߣϾ̺ôϰߣܲΪԼҪȥıɡ
榿˿ڣ̺ȻҲ˵ʲôˣнԼȻһͣԽˣҪн
榵˵ͷ
̺ٵĻһģҭ˻ȥ鵭ȻֹţԷвûжĶĸȾ̺Ҳûʲô
ֻƼƺֻ嵭Ĳˡ
ҲǣӦö˽˽⽪榵ģ˽ģ˽ĸҲֻǸҵѾˡ
̺⿴Ž榷æ˵ˣŵʱǽǸѾߴϰɣ
榶һ£һЩɻü΢΢ʣΪΣ
̺ͷĿӣĽ͵һ˼ңĴչ˲ܣҲչ㡣
βŵķЦΪʲôҪôֿأ
վֱԲ˵ɾǲȢңͲô¶˳ġ
Ļ䣬ڱһԼͬĵ˺ڰڵϵ
̺Ҳգûⳡ»Ը飬Ը⽫뷨˵Ȼòġ
ҲվȻ򴽣糣˵ˣʹڣδҲȢ㡣
ֵʹҰһ׺ݵϢ
ǷǷ̺ŵĮɾʧˡ
߽תȴû˿ů⡣
̺˵ͷ԰ƷԸ˵˷ȥϢ˳ȥ˵ҩûС
ĸҵæСȥ榷סȻ󹧹˵ˣ롣
榸Ű뿪̺ż˻ȥҲûʲôʳˣӵļȣԼԼǰһƬǽ壬ид
ԸӣԺŶ嵭ģŷ˵Ŀζ
СҲ˵ĿζЩΪѡ
̺һۣ׵ȥʣѾ֪ˣ
æȥ
̺ôһȢˣ˲֪Լ֪
.
ƷŽߣȥ榵飬һ㰲Щȴ̲סʣˣ𣿡
ҲЩ⣬ʣʲô
ֻƢöѣֻǼȢһԴķ˻ؼҰաں˵
ô˵ŵ棬жŽƢã
æ˵ˡ
ʱ˿ȡ
ƽʱϳʱǼЩʲôͻȻԼͬ顣
ƽҲŴһЩǺЩ档ϸ׷һ˵
üͷ΢벻Щеûµʱʲô£Ը̺ķˡ
ȥҴһ»ҽͬ˵ȲҪЩ˳ȥˡٷҲǵԼҪ˵
˸ողųܣ˾ɫ糣׼ͼ飬ȻǷͬ˵̬
ū澼ˡĻص
ƷŽ榻˷ֶ˳ռõҩںҩҩζŨʣҩҳȵģ
ƣǵģշԣ˴Ǵ㿪һҩ
榶˹ҩŻðҩб㷺˿࣬Ǳһˡ
Ƽæ
Ҵļױһܹ٣ʱĻȥȡ𣿡榲Ŷ԰˵
æӦ£˵ǷȥҼʱū澾ȥΪȡٳ
榵һͷʾĬˡ
ȥ˵һ˵º顣榰˹ȥ˵
˫ֽӹҩʰ˺ͶԽ˵ūȥͼ
˵Сܳ˷䣬ײҩ֭ŨŨĿζڿòɢ
ڴߣһֻü޲͸ľĿŴľ
Ժڲ֪ʲôʱֳֵֻģ榾ú󣬱һ˼ž
ʲôô棿̺ͻȻߡ
΢΢һ£Աһ£ҵջĿ⣬Ȼ̺⡣
˵л˵ⲻˡ̺榣ȵߣڱůͺö࣬ҲڴҪůͺöࡣ
ЩŤ˵˵㡣
һ𣿡̺ЦĻء
޷粵˳˵˵һ£ϣܹ׼
̺ЦƦģҲЩˣº
˵ǡ̺˵ͷ
榱˵ɾȻȢӦ֪ҩļ
˲صģһõĴҽεġ̺ȦЩĽء
л˵
ٱĵġ곯ͼյ廭˶

̺⣺ϲҵĻ緹Եú~~תѹ


8 佱
ҡҡͷѾΪˣõɾҪãֻȢˡ
̺һһߵͷ˵˺ʣôˣϣ檣
ɾҪãֻˡ˵úɣҲ棬·˼Ľ
̺Ҳָܴӽ榵ϿԸ
̺ҡҡͷͽ榶ŵģֱȽ榸ߴô࣬Ϊ˺ͽƽӣҪ
ʯһ㣬Ž榵۾˵榣ҼûлλҪ̳УûкӶҪ˵Ҫֻڵ¡
ҲȢˣʥҶ˵Ļ飬ΪֻȢ㣬֪𣿡̺Ŀ㡣
ɫһЩЩ𾪣Ƭָֻ֮糣ˣ˫ƺһֱ£֪ˡ
̺˵ôϣȴģһ䡰֪ˡҪ˵͸
̺ȥס˽榵֣ȵָϽ΢ֺԸָܵһ¡
˵ǽȥ鷿̺ʡ
榾ѹԼϵֹֻֿȣֲڵˣϣȴͣûȥ
Ҳʦģ˵鷿ܹģ϶еĹأûϵҶǸˡ̺ЦһЩεĽ˵
榿Լ˫֣΢΢ͻĹǽڣȥɿ
ã֪ˡ̧һͷ
̺ҪѾ˵òˣɿֽϵ˽榵վ˵Ҿȥ鷿ˣֱ鷿С
ֵ˵ͷ
̺ᴽЦЦ̿Ц⡣
ڽ΢ɫ£̧ȥĸһͷֻƲһ£Ȼջ֣漴תȥˡ
ʵڲ⣬ȴҲ֪ô
̺ԽԽԶıӰüһͣ治ɫջĿ⣬Ȼ̧˴ţ˫ֿԺе
ڣ˽榵ľ䣬졣
ףˡ
.
ĺɫܿ콵٣ŵʱ̺Ⲣڸϣƺ˵ΪʥͻȻټһֱʱѪɫȾ̺ų
־ϵͤڱʯϣ˫ȴĿ淺΢΢ĳˮ
̺Ժű㿴һĻ
Ѿһ·ЩŵɫһĶ£ǰһЩ鷢ʱԼĨɰɫĻ䡣
Ưôʵһ
榲δ棬̺սͲˣһº󣬽̧ͷ̺⡣
̺ϺɫĹٷûлȥ
ɿ壬ñҲòԣЩɻʥܵ˵ġ
ûȥëϰߣֻɨһۺջĿ⣬Ȼ̺ǷǷ˵ɾˡ
̺˵ͷǰȥĶһ£ʣ𣿡
̫䡣ʵشȴϰ̺ĶЩӲ̺ܿ֡
̺ڿнһ£Ȼɫ糣İַ˵ڳûǰˣܾ֮ǰʱǺġ
ƺ뵽ʲô˵Ƕǹȥˡ
̺Цһ£ͬĵ˵ͷ˵öԣǶǹȥˡ
Ҫˣȥ׼׼ɣȥ·̺óһ
ǷǷ̺߲׼ȥãͣת̺˵ɾص׵ĺѾõˣҪ괺ܿɻص׵ˡ
˵ȥˡ
һƽĻȴ̺⾪ֻ֣֪ԼϱѧʶԨû뵽ôೣʶ
̺ĬĬĽ榵ĻԤһ·ʱȥ崦һ¡
.
ŵʱ̺ͻȻԽ˵ˣʥϽټңϣܴһͬȥ磬ҪǲԸ⣬ձ˵岻ʡ
榼в˵Ķһ£ջֻ֣Ȼ̺⣬ƽʣðʲô
̺²⣺ǾһͬʥϽưɡ
榾˵ֻǾУϼҾʲô
̺һȷʵˣô룿
룬ҵĲʥϣӦˣҵ޾졣һ˵
̺ͷһһЩĪĺ£üͷһ壬ʣΪʲôҪ㣿㲻Ҫǲȥ
ѵü̺Сģ㳶˳˵ҪռЩ˲Ż֪Ϊʲôҡ
̺ⲢĿޡ
榿ϵ˫ۣѵ泩һЩ
Ƶɾˡ
˵ˣ̺⿴Ž䰲ĲգϵЦ
ѽ榶úܲڣЩȻֽ̧ڶ鷢
̺Ź˽榣ջĿ⣬ǵĿⲻ٣΢΢һ
źܿ͹ȥˣڼûл̺Էǰˣǣȫһ仰˵ԷĶҲš
Ӱ죬̺ҲܱŲ˵
.
ĺɫɭ֣ͷ
¹к£͸ϡϡ϶߰ߵڵϡ
ԡ̺⻹Ժ䣬/ǹ/ƿܴ󣬽Щëɭ񵡣
ƿ˴ֹ̺ҹɫʣ¹ϣƽ˼أվȷʵһ˵ĸоûж࿴ֻɨ˼ۺͷ˴
ʰ˷䣬ǰӹ˽榵ݹ£Ȼ˵ˣչ磬봩·ô
榿ǰ·ϸҲǼõģϸ˼һ£ָɫ·˵ˣռǵýҵǸװϡ
榷Ը飬ҲҶʣ㹧Ӧˡ
ûʲôˣ榾ͷԸˣǷǷ·ȥ
սŹϣ̺ѹס
æǰȥ
촩һ·̺ɨܣȻʡ
ʵʵĻصɫȹ
̺˵ͷȻ˵Ҳ׼Ǹɫġ
ϸһ£飺Ǿϸ¸ף
̺ȴǲÿ¶յܶ巿ϲϲǺģ͵ǮҲˡ
ɣңúͷ˵Ŀ䡪ֵֻ̺ʳָȻһȻһ¡
һҶģһߵͷһЦ
̺ⷴЩ˼ˣͷ԰ư˰֣ʶȤȥ
̺Ѿ䣬ǵȰƳ£ͷԼ·Ҳǲʲôʱˡ
巿Ըֻܸ·ÿ嶼Ҫ㱨·۵ˣȻ˵Щ·ֵɶǮѾмҵˣǮӦûڷϲС
룬Ժʱ˻ҪЩ巿˵
̧̺ƿ˷š
û˯£һڴͷŵĶѭ˹
ϰɫӳĵЩףܳüһ˫Ⱦۣ۵һǳ£ֻһۣ̺ӿ˲١
ϵĺˮδ͸ޱߵ鷢ϣһŰ˲ɢߣµ˫˶Сۣͻ𣬽򣬱һ㺹棬ֺÿ
ȴ飬üһ¾ƺڶʲôﲻ
л˵

̺⣺~~


9 
̺֮Ͷס˽ţԭ榣ͼ￴üԵɡ
ü޴£ס۵׵˼Ȼƽ̺⣺ɾˣ
ˣ˵ʲô̺Ǿý榿϶лҪ˵ֻǲԸ˵
榰ֱߵ˵ûʲô
˵׼ƿ̺Ѿ˸ǰ˹ֹҪ´Ķ
㲻Ҫн̺ŵϣȻת˵Ų˵ѹֻԼ
榾̧ͷ͵ͷ̺˫ĿӣƯ˿̷⣬̺һ֡
ɾող䡣
̺˵ͷû׽榵˼
ǣȻأʡ
컹Ҫȥ硣˵䣬
ǣأ̺ƺĲ
ǳǳһȻ˵Ӧԡ˯
̺һ£תЦ뽪ƽӣȻ˵ηֱ˵ҵȢһķˡ
Цԣ榱ͷ̺һס
̺Ϸ˼һƨɾ˴ߣֵſ˫ȣȻԽ˵ѽһҲϴ
榿ûϿЦı飬˺һȦ˵ȥͷ˯Լ⡣
һһŴϣ
榵ᶨ棬̺⿴΢΢βҲϿҡͷһæ˲ҪǿЦƭģ㲻Ҫ档
̧̺ͷһ£Ȼ̺˳ȥŷ
ôһڣû˯⣬ȥϵǱ̯Ϳ˺һ֧ӡ
һ֧÷죬ɰȾ˻Ƕһɺ顣
ҲѰķֵǮģ
̺ġ
榷ȥ˺һȻŵϣԼ»ص˴ϡ
ûãֱƿˣůʪǵζƳһſڡ
̺Ѿ·Ҳһװɫ£ڱȡһֵ֧Ƶľ𣬲Եһ˿Ůһֲ֪֮⣬ǰ鷢ڵˮ
ڿ飬֪ѾĶ۽ƳȥͿϵ֧ӡ
̺ǰӣȻڴߣ榵º͵Ķ˵Ǹġ
Ŀû뿪ʵɾΪʲôӣ
̺ϸһ£Ȼ˵ҲǰɣҴӹʱֻŸһãһ۾֧ӣúʺ㣬ˡ
ſ̺⣬̺ģ΢΢ЩдȻ̾һ
ӺܺÿȴƷ榺ڵ˵ࡣ
ֵ̺𾪣ǲţȻͣǡ
ϰǳƼ˵ٻ̺Щ
榴̺˹Ȼ˵ʱһпɫǲɰȾɫģһУûʲôֵٿ̵·ҲֻǱ澫ϸʵ׾ԣԶУɡ
̺ⶢŽüۣöԷʱɢĵ¹һ
˷ģҸһΪƷ̺׼׵
ֺס
ɾ
̺⿴榣ʣôˣ
㻨˶Ǯģʡ
͡ɡ룬˵˿ڣϾ⼸˵ȷʵǲʹġ
Щ𾪣̺ƮƮ˵˼Ϊʼ˼̺⾿жټҲ
̺ЦĽ榵֣˵㲻Ҫ£ǮƲҵǮ㹻һӵġ
򴽣ȥ֧˹Ȼ˵㲻ȥƷˣ֧Ҳͦÿġ
ôС̺⻹û
榾Ͱӷŵ˴ȥȻ䲻̺⣺Ҷ⣬͹أ
⣬ǶҲǼٵİɣ̺ЩԼûп
ҡҡͷں˵˱治α㲻õġ
ЩȻЩˣ̺ۼִţֻǺðɣԺΪ㿴ġ
ɾҪһǮѡ
̺˵Ҹҷ˻ǲһǮ
榲ۣߣȻ̺˵ɾˡ
̺ͰȻŵϣתｪ榸˸Ǳӣ𣿡
䡣榸̺ΪǱӵĶ
̺Ϩ˴ǰյƣȻ˴ᣣ̺ߴӰⱳۣ榿æۣ̺ͰŽ˯ȥ
˾ôƽţмһ϶
̺ⷭһŽ榰ӣ˵ˣ˯һЩ
ۣ׿̺λãůĻ
ڱµֽֽ˳̺⣬˯ȥһЩ˵ӶһЩӲŶ֮仹Щ룬̺ɴֽ̽˻
˶סˡ
̺ܵסӣûסЦЦ˵˵Ҫϴ裬˼öҪˣϴϵĴɸɾ§ŷˣô㲻ڣ
֪̺ǹô˵ģС˵ûмҪˡ
ģΪ»ڶ죬Ͳѷˡ̺Դ˵
榺ԥ˵ġ
˵šֵֹ̺ģһûûƤĴ
Զԣһ£˵ˣ
̺ܵѾûȲŵĲڣ˵÷Ź˽榡
榵ıڻȵţĪļӿһЩҲðĬĬĵһ£֪ô˯˹ȥ
̺Ż㣬ıۡ
.
ڶճ
ɫ磬ʱûˣ糿ԵΪͻأ
Ķ溰һơ
СѾſںˣ˷ţˣ˯ˣҪϴ𣿡
һ
˽һˮͽˮϣȻǰǰĴ᣹
ˣԸĹ٣ūѾװ÷һ߹һ˵
榵ˮʣȻ˵˵ۣҲŽɡ
Ӧ£ǰȥùӸ榲ϴ
ܾýյ粢ùҪʱסߵѾߡȰƸױʱͻȻüͷ˵
һ٣ʣˣΪʲôô룿
µģֻǡ
Ʊ㲻ٶʣϸױˡ
ΪҪȥᣬһֲҵķͣ߸ķΪƽһЩ
һԽɫĶ׹
Ȼ·ĶҲûˣѾˡ
·һĪԶУģ䲻ˡ
ƿ۶ֱ˲٣ǰҲЩС㴩ֵ·ȴûн榽ĵúÿ
ЦӯӯԽԽý榺̺䡣
л˵

̺⣺ɶ񣬻ؽĶȻƷԩ


10 빬
һĿ֪ΪʲôͻȻЦôá
ƽ榵·˺ͿЩɻĶԼʧˣæϵЦ
ʱűƿ˲ԼͬĿſڡ
̺Ѿ·˽ߴ£ע⵽һϮ׽֯ѣӳĵʮźͷ
׿һԼѣֻ򱡴δ˵ʲô
ɾһ
̺˫ֳʣǰ˽榸ǰǰԵúǽСر˵·ɫϵʱ򣬽榼ֱҪڻһ
ʣʲôÿ̺ⲢĿ佱
û뵽ֱ̺׵Ŀ佱ŰƵ棬Щ˼ֱֻܱ̺ܿ׵Ŀ⣬һ仰Ҳ˵
ҲʶȤĹ˳ȥ
̺⿴Ķϣ۵׵ЦעŽ榣ѹʵˣʰˣ
榵˵ͷ
̺ԸȻֽ̧ͷƷմһ£Ȼ˵ȥţú㻹Ҫҩ
˵ͻȻӺûǰˣ˯Ҳ˲١
ɾǸҩλץģʵ
̺Լ˼һ£˵ôҩ岻һλϤĴץġ
ҡҡͷ˵ǣǾҩЧãʡ
̺ķβõĴ򣬵ҵҽļˣҲúЩҩˡ
лɾҼǡѵЩ
̺˽榵ģлֻϣá
֪ѧĻŽһһ˵ôֿ榺ǱŤĳ֣Ȼ󳶿˻˵ɾȥŰɡ
á̺ⴽӹһĨǳЦ
.
榾ķ֣ѾˣЩ嵭Ĳȡ
̺⣬̺ȴͷﴽЦЦ
ˣ˲θôֽ̺ⷢЩǰȥʡ
ɨһϵĲˣȷŽ榵Ŀζġ
ҡҡͷͷϵĲҡȴδһΣɾĿζĿζһıϡ
̺⵭Ȼ˵Ųõ̫ˣұŻζҪϲ͸òˡ
ҲϣϵЩϿɵ˵ϲġ
̺øˣŽֽӵݵϣ˵ȳԷɣһˡ
áӦ
.
ʹ紵ᣬľѿζϮ϶Ų֪Ľ
̺ԸϵϵĶ񣬻ֱһӣѾ׼ˡ
紵ýޱߵķ˿裬ɴͷ裬Ŵֿ˼
ܼҸ˿ƣǶĴ뻱һɫɴڵһȥʹ˽ס˸Ƕ฻С
̺ʱҲ˳̯ڽǰȻ˵߰ɣˡ
̽һĽִȥ
շȥ̺ս֣榴ǰ棬ȻǰվżūҶˢˢضǶˡ
Ƥæ
̺һЦ
ͷСķԸ˵֧ƷȥҵСҪôƷҪôͻǮҪǶͬ⣬ͰҴ 
徫һĹ⣬˵ͷ˵ġ
̧̺̤
ڲλֱӣģԵòС
̺һůǰȥָָ˵ȥɡ
榲⣬˵ǼӦλ
̺֪ô˵ָλϵ˵Ϊ׼棬ѵһүҪ𣿡
黹Щԥ̺˵ȥ·;ЩԶﵱۡ
ɾأʵ
̺΢Цôãùҡ
Ѿ˵һˣҪƴҲûбҪˣ㱧̺ȥ
ǽϸС۱̺ɵסŽ֮ԼȻŵİƷԸˡ
һ࣬ȻԱߵ˵ˡ
ͷϵĲññһѹˡ
.
ȥ·Ȼ̡
榾ú̺ĻЩڣδ¶
̺ⲻ˵ЩƣڶԽ˵ˣǰҲϯô
ʵص游һΣ̫ˣûˡ
ҪǲϲԺϯ㶼ǿԼҲԵġ̺롣
޲˲ǵˡ
һ˹Ҿͺˣ㲻Ҫ£ڡ־ýĳ¿ܻẦ¡
榵ǲẦ£Ͼǳ͢٣ΪŮȻǼЩġ
̺ҲΪǣ˵עģɾ̫
̺⿴ŽƽҲȷʵẦ¡
Ȼ̺⿪˿ڣҲԼҪ˵Ļ
ɾϯϷ˲죬ǧҪѹסƢҪ⶯ŭϸ˼һ²Ŷ̺˵
̺Щ׽Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊλô˵ʡ
榾Լ뷨̺͵ողŴ飬ǾҪʥϾϯҪЯ޾죬ܾòǺ¡
̺Ⲣý޶˵Ĳɣ榼Ȼ˵ˣȻ
Ҽסˣʲôµġ̺ǰһЩȻס˽΢֣ο
ֻöԷ־ǻ¯ӶҪůһЩһʱ΢΢ȷʵһЩ
˺һ·û˵ˡ
.
һνǰΪ磬ԱǱЯŮǴʶһЩͬŮӡ
Գ䣬費׽ûǽãֻʶ˶ѡ
ǵȻҲΪĸģҲ񶼴ֹеġ
ԭҲ˵ġ
·С̫˺һӹ̺ͷԸС̫Щ·Ҳ߳һЩ
ǵʱϯѾ˺ܶˣϯȴټ
Щһ̺Ͷк̺ЦŻӦǣȴûȥǣȷɫ׵Ľ
榵һȲ裬Ȼĵʣˣôˣ
榽ӹ豭ڲ˵û£ֻߵüˣЩ϶ѡ
̺ۣȥȥ˽榶ǵĺգԱһСƼˣ͵٩˵û˰
ŴЩΧ˶ȥǾһôЦ
̺ЩԼ۷ʲôЦġ
榵ûʲôʾ鵭ȻɫһƽĿǸС٣۵׵ֻһƲĴ
ɾɡǸСϵκͻţ榲ɫ׶̺˵
̺Ͱڽ
ŵǵСûбﻹЩ⡣
榹Ȼϰĳֳġ
ˣҪȥʲôҲûУ̺⻹ΪΪղŵ鲻ˡ
ҡҡͷµġ
̺˵ЩӶʵģЩѽƣ
˵ȥһȻĵĸ榰Ƥ
榲ĺ⣬ϸȥ˹Ȼ̺ҧ˹⡣
ȷʵɿڡ
ʵҲϲĳϣ˵ʲôÿʱ˵ҾԶĲ˵ĶǱóԵġ̺ѹͬ榴Ȥ˵
ЦЦҪ˵ʲôһ߰˽
ʥϵ
л˵

̺⣺УһҪƷᶨ


11 
ϵȫվ̺ҲŽվ˶ˢˢʥϡ
ʥ򰲡˹Ҿ
̺ⲢδȥѧЩǣϵĶ׼Ž榵Ķһͬݼˡ
ƳһĻɫЩ쳣漴㴹ס˼
Ҷ֪̺ģδƾپ볯˹٣ѧʶǲҲȻԵ޾ȴͷһؼǴͷԵЦ
̶úܡ
̺ϰΪϡ
ʥ˽
֪꣬Ҳδµĺۼ͸ŵѹ
λ񡣡ʥϵۻʮ㡣
ŷֿʥϡ
榵һȴûʥϣƳ˷ǼλЦ޾죬ϳˣһλǳ̼ҵŮһλǰǳʶˣֻǵöԷޣջЩ졣
ǲڿλŮ˹ȴֻ˽Ĳ
ʥվϣӸµɨһۣŲĿ˵λ°ɣȻᣬþн
лʥϡǲ
̺ȥ榣ȴѾȹ̺Ͱ
ʥϻлҪ˵ľƱߺǿܵ˵ǰյ˱߹ؽݱл߾סһū˰￪⣬һУ߹ṩݰ
ʥϵ̺⣬̺˲٣ֺǺǵ˵ⶼǳӦġ
ȻʥıӻţЩԣֻס˱Ҳ
ʱһŵĽͻȻڣɾվ
̺æžƱʥһʥԭЩһ¾Цգ󷽷Ľľһ
Ȼ̺˰֣˵Ҫн
̺
ԱСǷ׷׶˾Ʊء
ողȢֵʥӣǰ;
ø

һһ̺ҲŶϱһơ
úǶֻ̺һһƣȴʲôҲûп˵
ȾޢָƵĸԼƤ
̺΢΢ף˽Ư紺ָȾ֭ǰѣƤ
̺ģ뵽˷Щ˶ĳЦ㴹üޣҲ֪ʲôȥˡ
ʱһԵĳЦһȻԽ˵˺أƤ»Զְ
˵ģܲ
榲ɫĿᴽ¶һĨζĳŪЦȴʲôҲ˵Ǻһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
̺ѹƢ˶Էһۣ̲˵Ҵ˼˱ҪԱ㵹ԣ𱾹ٵļˡ
ٴһѹˣ˷ƵԼݣӱƵˡ
ԱųԾƵĳ̴ڿ˹ЩĶ˵˵ģžС
̴˲Ʋ̺ˣǾöԷֻǮĴţǸλò̺ʵȵʱſڡ
ˣˡʧ˰ѾЩ΢ˣϷź죬ҲʢԺ榵Щˡ
ֱ̺ͦȫȫڵסˣȻ˳̴һۣҲȥĻ
СһڲˮȻ̺˵ɾøƤԲ˶١
̺һǰȥС˵Ϊ˵Ļô㲻ҪļȥҸƤΪԸ⡣
ǵģĶзźӵģοֵط㲻Ҫ˿Цȥ͵
̺̾˿ЩεĿŽ榡
Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
¶ĵطʵһЩģŶҲȣӱýһЩС̺Ⲷ׽ȥ
ֱȥס֣ǵǵʣ𣿡
榴Ŀ˵ͷһЩ䣬¡
˵ȴûסǻ⣬˺һ
̺üͷĺ󱳣ͼ˳һ˳
ɫ԰ףβҲȳᡣ
һȴһŮ
ӻǲת
榻ѭˡ
λ޹ǰںҫķǶõˣڿһģȷʵò
ֻǵޣҲǲס֣ɻ̺⡣
̺˵λܴ˼ҵ޾죬ޡ
Ҫ˵֣ô֪ûרȥ/޾ʲôϲá
榱ƶǶĵ˵ͷȻ˶޷˵Ҳû취ġ
޷ЩϹҲסû뵽ԷȻļǲ¶һЦȻ׽ĶԽ˵ù˶£ǰǿǼġ
ǱߵŷˣҲӦüǰǶ˵ָָһŮˣǸŮƺע⵽ߣȥʱĿԡ
Էһº͵Ц
Ȼǵ޷ˣǵõԷԼգʱ˵飬Ƕ˲ûзֳߵ͡
ԭ㡣榹򣬱ȴʵڲϲӡ
޷˹żЦƳƳ̺⣬Ȼ˵ʲôʱ޵ˣͷʶİ
Ȼǹôʵģ̺󰡣ʱڳϹȻȢ£Ѿˡ
榱Ȼһ£Ҫ˵̺ͻȻ˵ȻȢҶԷѾãֵĻ飬ܴҲΪ˻𣿡
ûϵ̺ͻȻ˵˶޷˵Ͳ˵ĻҲ˷ŭ
ԷȻҭס˺þòŲڵ˵Ȼûи
һ˽ԷɣϾôͻȻǲŹ榡
˵⻰б˼
Ǽ̸Щ£榵ʱԳ䣬ֻ˵δһԼϲģԷҲϲԼģһһһ˫ˣȻƲЩʸȨġ
榳˳ǣǡ
ͶԷ򵥵һǡְ֣ѶԷҭһء
榲̲ȷʵöԷţ޷ҧҧ㲻ٴˡ
̺⿴治ɫĽ榣ЩܣϾһж𣬵ôΪ½榱Ȣˡ
ֻһȽȢؼңҲû롣
ˣѿˡ̺
һ٣̺˵ǰֹ죬Ҳǹ鷳ģ㲻ض롣
Ϊ̫𣿡ֱ̺Բʡ
榲⣬ôô˵
̺ϸĥһ£Ȼ˵ǰЩҹģЩǽ̵ŮΪǼ㣿
ȾЦ⣬ΪʲôҪô룿Ǽʲô
̫˰̺գգۣɸɾģ档
ЩΡҡҡͷȻǣֻΪǲȺˣСʱӲãǱ㲻ͬҽˡ
̺üô
㲻ҪˣѾˡȰ˵
̺ﻹЩˣ˽榵ĻҲֻǼһº͵Ц˼ȴƮԶˡҿ
ܾûʲô鷢˼Ҳ
ֱŮȥ޷ͻȻһܹȥ
л˵

̺⣺̫㱻~򱧲ƽ


12 
޷Ͼǽʱ˵ķ٣һϳ˲ϲƶɵȹɫŨ޵ױݺǷվ
Ȼʥ˵׳ˡ
籾ҲǸλͷʱзȥײȻѰ£ҪһͷģͷһǺܳʵģһҪϳķʩѹҲôȼס
һü֪޷˺ʤǿû뵽ȻԸͷ
޷˽ٷ˹ŮǰúõϣȻ۽ƺƳ˽ߡ
榶Ųˮһڣؿ˹ȥüĿ䣬һ˫ÿҲһĴ䲻
Ҹձһ֮ʹ˳ͦĿȴ˶Էʲô
һ׵̺˹ʣˣⵯʲô
榰͵ȡ֪ͷ絭֮١
̺Уȴֲ˼һ£Եؿ佱˵˹ȻѧʶԨࡣ
мˡƽһֵÿ޵顣
̺ⶢŽĲգֻǻһů⣬Ŵǣһ˼ʣôˣҪȥײô
ҡҡͷǱҪͷ
һʱϲŸϯգԽԽʱһӾͿĽʣö֮ϯԸˡ
㲻ҪǿǾ￴˾С̺ýڵɫʱҪ԰һЩЩǡ
˹еиЩȴûбֳûл̺ĻǼ޷ˡ
޷˼޵ƺɾϴμʱ޷˵ӦøһЩڣһĨݵЦ͸һɹϢ
ٵĶҲʥҲסĵͷʾ
һ꾡˲ˡ
վ
񸾾ʹͷ󣬷ҲҪˡ˵Ŀ榣ȴŴһĮЦ
޷˲ȻǻᴫģҲѧôá
ߣķסȻЦӯӯĶ˵˵ǾŮ
޷˽ĴһֱۣȻƳߣ˵ͻĲŮǶء
ܴѭ˹ȥͿ榴ڿԣûж˵ǷԼķ
޷˲ɫЩ쳣ݺݵһ£Ȼʣǲǻ
ܴɫһڣͳǳ޷˵˵ʲôϹҲ˵Ѿޣ˵ѾΪ/
޷˼ܴЩˣæȥסֱۣȻֺƵĸ/οԷ˵Ҫ˵˵㲻Ҫ档
öԷЩĹ޷˵ıһ£˵´αˣװ׵˺˵㲻ҲҰ
޷æͷ˵ǡ
ܴ˾ЦŸԷһ裬βȴɨ˽һۡ
.
˲ôƺǴʵġ
榻أϾǶ̷֪˵õãҲǶƤëαȥֿԡ
ӼһѿЦõúãĸ׻ǻ˵ȲϽ榡
̫ǫˡЩɬ
榻һòԵЦ˵δ
ʱһС̫ͻȻ˹̺˹Ȼ˵ˣˣʥ롣
ɫһ£ȴ־֮У̺Щ⣬ֱӾͿʶԷʥϽʲô
һˣвס
С̫¶ɫҲ֪ô˵
榾ͳ˳̺䣬˵ʥϽȻҪ˵ǣΪ
С̫ǣæ˳Ž榵Ļ˵ǵģʥֻ˵Ҫ̣ū澢Ҳ֪ʲô
榵ͷʾһ£̺˽榵Ļ󣬾ʹ㽫ȴܿվֻ̺ʧջ֡
λȸū澹С̫ǰ·
һǰһ
̺ڽ榺棬ıӰипǧ
ûǾ͵һõĻ԰С̫ͣתԶ˱ϹϾ˵λڴ˵һ£ʥϾ͵ˡ
΢΢һЦӻһ֧Ȼǰȥ͵͵ݸС̫࣬С̫˵͹ˡ
С̫¶һڨĵЦЦǺǵĶԽ˵ˣԺʲôҪԸľū澡
΢Цŵ˵ͷ
С̫ȥ
̺ȫעӣС̫Ժʣ£ΪλҪ
榿Żڣ볯Ϊ٣Ҳѧ᣿ʥߵˣʥϸǰΪ䣬Ȼٺòġ
̺ȷʵЩʣ㳯͢˶֪ǴҲԸ̺ͬ
̺ȴΪȻʱˣ̺߳ЩͼҲѣ֪ˡ
̵ָǡ̺һȻ顣
ԤҪ˵ʲôտ˵ˡʥϡֺ󣬻԰˸ոǸС̫
ʥϵ
˽һ㶣׷ĬĿ԰⣬ְݼˡ
λɡʥϻ˻֣Ӷ˹ȥ
лʥϡ
ʥ԰еʯϣֻ棬ɨŶˣʥϿ˵ˣ䣬Ȣķô
̺ȻʵʵĻش𣺡һжã⡣
ʥϳЦֿ˵ˣ׮в֮
ǷǷ޲֮۰
Ž榶̺ǵĳƺζĿ̺һۣȻЦǺǵ˵޽ǰҲûʲôҪ¡
һԵС̫༱æ̺һֽۣ̺˹
ʥ϶˶٣ǸС̫˻֣С̫ȥſ˵ǹκ˼Ӽġ
̺ź̯ۣ֮еú̺Ȼʶֲ࣬ȴҲܿš
榲׿ȥƳˡ֣֡һֻⲢǺ¡
ʥϿ榵ķӦͲɫᴽ
֣ǵط֮Ϊ͢ˣ̺һ⡣
ʥЦЦ˽榣ˣкμ⣿
æ˵յĵطӦˣӼȴصκ˳ģӡ˽ӡͳϡ
ʥĵ˵ͷָŽ榶̺˵Ӧöѧѧ˵ϾĲŮһ鴫
̺磬ˮֻԼķΪ˴ϻۣϾܼ
ʥ˵ǡ̺Цȴƴǣʥˡ
ʥζЦЦȻ̺˵˵úܶԣ֣طȴص֪£飬Ҳϣȥ
̺̹ȻǳŴ顣
ͷһæʥϣʥϵɫȻЩԣæأԸͬʥϷǡ
̺Ҳˣǽǲ壬ʥϣ
񸾲޴󰭡̺һۣƶ
̺ٱҲܲ˿̲ԾķΧ
ѡȲ˵
ʥ䵭ĿʣǶ˸㼺ģ
ڵ˸һĴ𰸡
л˵
١ഫΪʱڵĽʦȡ֪ͷ絭֮⡣
ڡҰǡأȳơүԳơū澡̫ԳΪū澡

̺⣺Ŷ~Ľ


13 в
˵泯ְ͢ڣͬǷ֮¡
˵ıûģ˽榵Ļʥԭɫת̺⣬ô룿
榵΢΢΢΢üͷ̺⣬ֻҪ˵Ƕǰʥϣƽ谮̺⣬Ͼ֮ϵĵ
̺˼ãֿ榣ͽĿԵʱзᣬ뷨
泼ǰɶǰգʥϺ͹յİշǡ˷ɽ⣬̺Ⲣ޴֮ˣʥȥԼͬͬ⣬ôͬ⡣
ʥЦ͸ĵѹ
䣬㵱ôģʥЩ棬˸˼ʡ
̺ȷʵôġ
榿̺⣬Լûľ¶
ʥȴֻ棬۽˼˺һȻ榣ˣȥײ׵
榲֪ԷΪʲôҪִһ̺Ѿ˵ĺˣԸȥûʥϵô
æ˵ΪʥЧȻòŮ鳤󡣡
ʥǺĵ˵ͷȻȴһת˽榵壬˵Ӳãҵҽ֮
榵ͷأˣҩʯпɵ
֮޷Ρ
ʥƶǶĵ˵ͷȻ˵˵һλҽҵҽķӡ
̺ٴҲʥϵĻ֮ϣҲһͬȥ֡
ǰ榰ԼȻ˵ʥϣὫҽҽεġ
΢ü޲˲Ȼ̺䣬ԼߵǰʥǷǷ˵ˣлʥϹС
ʥϵ¶һЦվȻǰȥԵİ̺һ½󣬶˵䣬ЩطҪķѧϰ
˵̺ţȻ뿪
̺Ҳʥ뿪æȥʽ榣ʲôˣľҪȥˣ֪֪ʲô
Ҳѣͷ̺۾˫˵ʥϵԸһȥͲѹ׼ôһˡ
ɾڳӦöύһЩѵġ̺ףзƾĸ̺һ顣
̺æ׷ʣǣҲʥΪʲôҪҲȥӲãұ
𴽽ǣҡҡͷҲ
ʵЩ²⣬ȴҲֻǲ²⣬˵Щӣ̺Լȥĥ
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榴̺ůֵĶʥЩƵĻﲻֶ̺⡣
Ļ榾ҡͷܾ˵ʥ˽ǣȻ˾ĵģȥͬ£ֻ»ʥϲ죬ĵòʧ
塭榵̺ĵ顣
޴󰭡ҡҡͷ
̺ЩͷۣɫЩҲ͸Ų֪һί
榰ֳ˻ƽ߰ɣ˴˾
˵Ͱʱ·ˣ̺ȴĬĬʲô
.
ǻȥʱѾһЩȥչʾˡ
ԵСۣЩ˶޷ˡ
޷ˣ޷Ҳڿ
Ԥе޷˾Ҫˣ̺£ձӣ޷˾ͶžƱ˹
ӸµĿŽ榣˵ˣȥһ
榲ȥĿתĿ̨ϵλˣһ֧裬ֶˡ
޷ˣΪִյĸߵͣĬĬһڲſʡ
޷˶ȥ뽪ƽӣȻ˵ˣǹ˶¡
㲻ϹˣȷʵǲԵɡֱƽһ˿ֻ޲ҧһڲͻ
޷ɫܲԾһ˵ҲȷʵҶʱҪǲѪ˵ˣò˵㻹ͦƣ֪Ȳңܲͬ齫ѹȥ
ܷˣĳڴˣʵڿ̱Ҽҷˣ𣿡̺̹ģ˵Ҳǲܻġ
޷˹Ȼɫһ̣˲òˣ̺ĪҪ뽪Ƕʶ˵һˣ㲻Ҫ
ҾǾܲܲҪ˵ˡ̺Ⲣʲô͵¹ӣ˵һҲ棬޷˺һѿ
ȾһĨЦ⣬Ƴ޷һۣġ˵޽ڲߣǻ䲻ϲĻ𣿡
һ޷ˣ޽㣬мֵĸоֻȴƲκζߣһ˭Ʋϵ̬ȣ˶࿴
޷˱øۣݺݵĵһۺͻԼ
ܴ§ôˣĴһ¶Է֣ȴһ仰Ҳ˵
Լֵģô˵ֻдˣ
ˣϯ˾ƣӲΪɣ̺СĶԽ˵
Ҫ˵һԵĳ̷ͻȻ˵ˣˣұҲҪȥˣ㵱治ȥһʱⳡϵĽǣֻûȥˡ
üǱֻһˣΣ
̷ЦЦ̺⣬Ȼ˵Ƕ֪ǱݵĲֻǲգи棬ƴǲȥǲ˱氡
榶һ£̺̲ס˵ˣԼ治ԼҪ棬ΪʲôҪ÷˸ãΪβȥ/ǹأҸ˵Ǳ䣬δҶ֡
˵úϣҲȷʵϸúĻ
һöԷԶԣ̷˻һεЦȻͶһ
榿̺⣬ǶЦ⣬Ȼ˵һ仰Ҳܹȷźõöˡ
̷˵ǣûͱ̨
СѧϰãԺĳŮٲֹһο佱õúãڽû֮ǰһֱǳŮϲѧ
ĲֹҪ׵˵罪榵Ĺ
榲ûкöģӷŵĻȴд
ȥ˰ƣðƽĹٱ˽
ƱŹվڽ榵޷һ۾ͿһĻӵһ֭һֶǡ
ܴƼˣ֣߲˵ôŪһֶǡ
Ƽ޷˲ѭĿ⿴ȥ榵վһѾߣѾ߻ﻹŹ١
Щò׼ʣҪȥٰ
޷˱ͷһģ˵ղˣҪó԰ڣǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ܴȴû޷ʲôϸһ˵ҵǲãҼǵڻԺѧʱ黭֡
޷̧־һ£װͰ͵˵ͼǵЩǰɣǻŶ£㵹Ǽǵ
ܴε̾һͼͶԷһ£ڻԺѧʱ˭ǵһǲô̵£ôˡ
ӳɣǻǲǣǲǣ޷ԽԽ꣬
ӳɺԩͣⶼȥˣΪʲô˵Ǽ£
ʲôȥˣΪҲ֪鷿Ǳʲô޷˻ҪģһЩֻԱü
ӳɹȻһ㶣ɫһʶԷ㷭Ҷˣ˭׼㷭Ҷģ
л˵

̺⣺ʵۣ㣡


14 
ӳƢһºͣ˷Ƣʵ˵޷ŵס
ݣһס޷˵˵ƽ㣬ǲǺ˵ˣ鷿ĶһҲ׼
ŵһһ㶵ģʶһָֻԼϵֻ֣Ȼʪۿ˵ӳɶԲҾʰܵʱ俴ģûжĲǹҪȥġ
ӳ谮δƢȴ˦֣ĸ룺ȰΪ֮
æȥı䣬ÿǻ˵ӳɣԲ㲻Ҫ
ӳƳһۣãﹴɺͳ
æö˶ˣӳɾ˵ôңҶҪ㣬ºͽСûаϵùסӣΪ̺ӵôƲ͵̺ǸӣְѽС㵱ļ裬Ҫ죬ʱҲ㡣
æԹԵĵ˵ͷ˳ĻӦ˵ǣˡ
ӳɫźÿһЩ֣ģº͵˵ֻǾãҷ޶꣬㻹¼ңʵҺġ
ҲЦݣ˵ǣˡ
ӳЦЦȻ̨ϵõĳ̷ˡ
ŵӿ죬һûƽǱʶҲòͬìˣȴͻȻʲôƵģæ榡
ӳɿڿ榣Ϊвʣֽ˻˻ʲô̷
ԼոշԸѾҪ£ֻһĻţȴЦ٣κζߡ
ãӳģԼַֻ,ȴֲұԹ
.
ƱŹվڽ榵Բ֪ʲôʱһѾߣھ׽Ļ֪ҷʲôʵİÿ
Ͻ榶ĶʶıŹԲŲŲȻĿǰӦ
Ѿ߲ݣԤǰǰĽȴͻȻˣҪҷ˵ĻٶֽţֻҷҲסˡ
ѾæĶԽǷǷȻһŴ˵ˣū澾ʶѣԸ˵ū澻ȥʵ౨С
̺ѭȥ΢΢һĺȴСѾ߿һСѾ˫һŵò˵ǷǷͼæȥ
榲ûԾͷ̺һۣ̺΢Цſ
榿̺۾ͻȻ˵֮ǰ޷ͬǻԺѧЩ죬Щˮݣ˵ҹҪ޾һ²ҲӦԭΪǱ˵⣬ʥϽͻȻټҶˣ֪ˣʥϺͱ˹ͬ⡣
˶٣ɫ˼֣ɾ㲻ڳжύһЩֿѣ鲢١
̺ǰһֱΪǮƴƴʲôʣֻ֪ǮӲʥԸΪҲ֪ΪԼǮ
榿ɫԭŵ䣬һЩ⡣
ˣҲԸͬ˽ύ̺Խ˵ԽС̾˿˵Ҷסˡ
榿ɫмģȴǲԸٶ˵Ҳ֪ȤĲٶԣĲָˣֻԼǣҪ˵䡣
̺׮±ǲģΪһЩҪǣ͸ίԼˡ
Ϊ̺ʵĵҲбҪģȻȴܶԣȻˡ
˿Ҫȥӣ̺ת˻⣬һ۰еʡ
榵˵ͷؿȴһ⸡˿ŴٿһҲ̺æһˮȻĺ󱳸˳
Ժ󣬽榲Żβ׹飬ɫ԰˼֡
ˣգˣܷͲˡ̺е
ҡҡͷ
ɾҸ飬˱ſҶ̬ȣ㲻벻סЩϢһ˿ƯС
̺㶣漴ص֪±ǿģҺ̬ȣǡ
Щͷۣ̲סڴ˶ԷĻɾֻ˿㲻ض롣
̺һʱЩסתͿЦһ£֪ˡ
榿ų̷ˣԷƺĿ⣬̧ͷ˹
üһֱϳ˵ģϯ䲢ûȥãԴҵĿⶼԼͬı
榴ϿŵЦ
һˣδɢ˷˹
̷ЦĻλãȻԼҴȥ
ȴһֱŽ榣ֽ榲ûʲôͰõݸѾߣȻʣˣٶˣȥô
ƽǰ治ǻһλôҲ
̷˽ЦһǳĶԽ˵㵱ȥѹᰡ
ˡҲںԷ
̷ЦһҲ˵ʲô
ˣλ裬ȥôǰ˼Сʡ
榵˵ͷĿȴûдλ뿪
ƿŻĹ٣ŲʶǼõģҲúܺãԼҷǻᵯˣһҪ޷˱ȥźá
Ԥʲôӣ̺ͷʡ
榲˼˵÷Ū١
ʱֻӲδͳ¹ʡ
ֵ˵ġô˶Է˼
ġȻûʲô⣬˿Ȼ覣гֵĴҲֻǶ֪
Ӧ˼ȥһ±Լȥоˡ
ãˣ岻ʣͲҪӲš̺ⲻ֧÷ŪҲţֻ֪Ǻָܳѵӡ
Ӧһʱ̨ϵķҲ衣
̾˿Ԥվ̺æڳֻȥҲƴǣӦվ
תƵݹĹٱ˻
ȻԸ˽ټ̧ȥ
ϾǳĲŮ޸̺ǲ˾ϧ£Ź˲˵ʡ
ӳ§ֲֻܿصĽһ£ȴ˵ʲôˡ
ֻһȻĿŽ榡
һϮ׽֯ȹϵĶ½ӳĵúǽС
⽪榼ˣһо˹
̺ҲǺѽλŮȢ˼ҡ

Χ˽ţ̺ɫǺֺڡ
޲ǰȥѽ榿ؼҹڵֻܵ˱һһΡ
ңƺָ΢ǰ鷢ɫĻ֡
ɾ߳ˡ
ʱֶֻ
תƺ˽һȦٴģһֻĿС
̺ԭɫ˽榵־ʮϱиЦ⣬⽾ĶԱߵ˵ҷˣôúðɣ
榵ټϼѵģڻԺδƥУֱܽһأӮκѧĴӮ˽榡
ǰΪ岻ж˱ԣȴƴ˵榲
εıԣ榸ԼûʱģŴ£ⳡǷǱȲɡ
аδˣȴ裬ָתɼʥöۡ
л˵
١÷Ūഫԭǽһ׵ıΪ

û֮ǰ̺⣺ǶҪţ
Ժ̺⣺ţɣ


15 
ϾǲȱŮ罪ȴࡣ
һգÿļ䣬ֱ榶̺ʹͷơ
ŷӦһʱ졣
治ϾǵĲŮǡϲС
ǰܼҷ˵û뵽˵ĸ
ʵںø
вһ˿δƬĿ޶ݣʥ
ʥĵ˵ͷһְʮ˵ã͡
榣лʥϡ
æǰȥ潪榱˹٣̺
̺ǳȻס˽榵ֱ֣ޱȣԼĴֹס֣Ȼϧʣ˵ôϿ䣿
ҡҡͷ̺ȥĿȴɨǱߣĿԵʱ򣬽治ɫջĿ⣬Ȼӹ̺ݹӡ
˵˲ֿܼ̺޵
ɫһЩһЩΣɾˡ
̺еĻϲȵý榲ֱӣͷȥϵĲˮ̺ȴһù˲豭赹˳ȥŽͣˡ
˵ŵĸµһݸ
ֽӹ˹
ǹŮȥˣԵȴڽ榵С
ﴫ̺Ķ䣬вϲ־ðΪķˡ
̺ɫЩ죬ֲԵɡ
ɾôˣ˵֮ʻһ
̺һ߰ѶһЩһ߻Ӧûʲô뵽޹ؽҪѡ
̺ⲻԸ˵ʵǽҲû׷ʵıҪ㲻ٴ
ô˺һ
̺˼žͷŽ榵Ĳ˵ˣҪȥ𣿡
榿һʥϣδо⣬˽̸ú˷ܣ˵ʥϻδߣٵȵȰɡ
ԭҪʥˣҲô̺Щ𾪡
榵һͷ
ѧˡ̺ЦȮ
榾̺òȷʵϳˣƽıҲһ˫ǽüͦ׽֯ѽӳĵһЩûѹȸУϸ룬ĿǰԼҲǲġ
ֻǲ²׼Ժ
ֻϸ̺һ̺ȥʣʲô
榼æۣȻЩڵ⳶һԭ˵ֻǼˡ
̺⵱棬ͰӣԽ˵һ¡
榻ڹԼƭˣʯͷԼĽš
ˣҲֻװȷд£ֻȥװģİ̺ڡ
Ŀ֮£ֻûţܿİ˻ȥȻ˵ˡ
ɫ糣̺ȴע⵽ָ⣬ָϸϸģ³ѿһָⷺ˺죬һַ顣
𣿡̺ȴ̫䣬æסʡ
Ȼý˵Ⱦ͸̺⣬榲ûš
ɡɾް˵ֳ˻ȥľǶˡ
̺Ҳڷ˲ԾЩ̿
ҲýƤԼЦָǵý榲ˣĹŴǣһ簮Ŀ
ֻŬװ֪̺ڿ
ں¶һζЦ˵ķΧʵܰ
.
ûãʥϱ˾ƣ岻
ʥ뿪̺⼱æʽ榣ˣҲߣ
ҪӦ;̫ѨһѣθУһ£̺æסļ򣬹еʵôˣﲻʣ
ҡͷۣ㾾̺½˵üͷȴ壬ģȥûµˡ
Ҳ˲ԾΪ˶̺⻳ˣһĿ֮²˵ʧ顣
æǰȥʣˣôˣ
榼ѵļ֣£ա
ֵط˷£榵ٵĵطǷڣ紵ͷҲġ
̺뽫ᱧȥѰ򣬽ȴͼæ˵ɾء
̺ô᲻޷ǲĿ˰ա
ڵ˲Ʋֻö˶ˡ
ˡ̺Щŭָֻ榵һˮˮ
̧صƤȥӣ̺˵ȵô˵סⱭӡ
˵òûе榶һ󣬷
̺§ιСˮ
ʵҲë榺ˮ˻һЩɾѾްˡ
о̺⻹§榾ͻһЩ壬̺Ҳ˴롣
ȴĽ榣滺ˣ
榣ţëˣһͺá
̺ųɿ榡
ůһЩ˵ɾ߰ɡ
˵ȴǶ԰֣ƲҵæȥԼҷ˷̺ɫЩ쳣ȴվ
Աߵע⵽̺⣺ˣ
̺ɫȴǶ˼һȿ޻ѿЦ˾ƣ岻ʡ
˾ʹȤӴⲻȰ㰡
̺ЦЦ˹ܲסҡ

Ǳ˵̺꣬תϵӵݸ榣˵ȥţҪȥһ¡
áӦתģǲӡ
Ʊٸ˽榡
.
榼С̫߹·ǵȫˣŰԭ·صġ
ƺǾ˵˺⹬ƣū澾ʮҲǵ·ȴһξͼǵˡ
Цһ£·ЩС
ȷʵˣ·ĽҲ䣬Ȼһˡ
Щ˼ЦЦ˵ū澼ǵˡ
Ȼȥ·Щ⣬˱ͻȻֵһСŮס·
ҪƢԭɣ榾ֹȻСŮЦʵ֪кأ
һ۾ͿʵƣŮЩʱ״ϹλӵƣҲǵһЩ
СŮЩ⣬ҲûʧŽǷǷȻһĶ˵˵
榺͹˲ûн˵λ
˼ҶŮһЩ˲֪飬ݸ·
ƾҪȥСŮȴס˵ֻһˡ
ƿ榣ȴ榶ҡҡͷֻգȻ˵ū澾ڴ˴
榡šһСŮˡ
·һ԰ӡ
ֱǰһ˵ıӰﻹһŴ룬Ȼ׼ʲô顣
СŮվס˽ţȻתԽ˵ǰȥС
榵ͷ͡
СŮȥһԼȥһЩ
Ȼ̧˹ȥ
һϸıӰʹŽɫҲܿ
ԶĵطǷǷ񸾼
תǰȥ榷񡣡
ºŲѹ١
榻̧ͷǰһòϳ˵Ůˣüϸ۽΢΢𣬶һĨɫĻ䣬мɫм飬Цº͡
Ÿ߸ߵķ٣һĵ󻨣ϴһ飬δ
Ծʧ񣬼æͷ
ݸһЦǧ֡
ˣ̧ͷҪ¡ȻºͣȴŨŨζ榲ҵֻ̧ͷ
ϸһȻЦһѡ
ϾƯŮƼˡ
榼æƴǣòƽƽˡ
ЦһЩƻ˵ִ⣬תʽ榣ˣϾǶ˵ϻ۹ˣ㲻²±к£
л˵

̺⣺QAQҵţݵ뿪һ~~ѹ


16 赹
üһͣȴֻۣǫ񸾲֪
榵֣ŨŨϮͷЩΣؿҲ⣬ȻʱҲǿ̲ʡ
ǽԾ䵭ĮδƳʲô˵榣֪޸̺ⲻԸ
榿Щԣֺһ̬ȡ
޻˵ΪⱾͲԸ
Ĭϣ͹˹Ǽ˵̺ʲô˰ʲôˣ˵ǱһҲнģϧ̺ˡ
Щ˵˽ݺݵĴʹ
Ǹ˶ҪΪԼһʺԼ·ɿ˽榵֣Ȼһ֦ԱߵĻ
ɫѼΪ/ޣҵ·ôߵģ񸾾ֻܸߣִӺδıһµ·أ
Ѿ²ѰĴԭȴװס
һСϷЦһ㲻غͱװɵ꣬ʲôİϷ
ݺһ˵еŮ£رǾþȴûһµŮˣһϣ޷ǾǱһƤĽ֡
֪ɾȻȷʵ紫ǰ㣬ȴ񸾼ã񸾴ҲΪԺı·榲Ľ͡
ӹһĨζЦĻȥĿ˿漴ţյõؾ͵бһţһʱˣҲֻĶˣҪЩʵ
⻰ЩѵҵȻͼ仰ȷеģĵȰ롣
ˡ
أҲΪ˶٣˵ѾˣҲ֪껪ˣȻ
ֹסˣת˵Ӻʥ۰ĺӣӵĸͱҲƽƽɣ𣿡
榵ȻףҪԼȰ̺վ
һɾ˵㡣û뵽ԼһҪһĻ
ƺͲµҪô˵һЦ˵ˡ
̧ȥݸһЦβ͸Ů˵ĺҿ˵㡣
ϾǶ֪ҵļҲɹֻб֪زסЩǮȻزסǾҪһصסġȻЦ˵ģȴ綬˪ѩ
µֽֽȴ֪ô˵ڣ˳Ĭá
ԣɾңôļҲǼģһԶֹǿ񸾼լԺȻͬɾһĵģùֱȥȰ˵ɾһȥ˵ģȻɫ֣͸żͣȴ͸ŲµС
Цⲻ榣Ų֪վǱߵġ
ҪȰ˵վߣȻٺòˣǽ榣ͲףǿȢؼҵˣ
Źƻԣġ
榲ˣơ
񸾻ȥῼǣʱ˼ǡ˫ȶڷһĲʣĶŮ˵η塣
ֹס˽ţЦβζҪ£Ҫ𸴣˵Ӳãʥϻ̺ȥֵطڹ꼾ȥֻ»ãʥǰ˵ġ
榣лС
ãȥɡŻ彪ЦЦ
һҲǷǷͻæȥ
ǹŮ棬˳ӭȥҪ·ĲЩе˶Ƭ̣¶һЦҼǵ·
ū澾ͲˣЩߡСŮҲƴǣʮ꣬ҲЩĩһ䣺ˣ֮£ֻ֪ġ
üȴҲе˼һ
Ҳ㳾䶨СŮ˽ȥһߡ
ɫڻȥ·Ѿˡ
һʼΪⳡǵ⣬ʥټǶˣ־Ǻʥһͬģȴֵˡ
Ҫ̺⣬ҪԼʥҪǶˣ˶ĬĬĴһߡ
ԽԽñ̺һ˴ƴôļҵȻš
תһ䣬榾ԼĽԽԽ߶·ǹǦһأƤҲԽԽأؿںݺݵĳһºϥֱԭصȥ
ҶһĲƺҲûˤʲô˿ڣѵȣһֱں䣬ôҲƤԽԽ̧
Ժ֮ʣ·𿴵һߴӰͱ̽һůĻѩɵͷһʧȥ֪
.
򸮡
ĺɫŨϵŨסΨһĹ⣬ԺããһƬȻȴ͸ůƵй͸żů⣬èڴ˯
һϸƹһʮͷںһ̺⿿˫ֻء
üͷҲһŴ롣
һ۾Ȼɿ֣Ƽæǰȥպú
̺Ҳǰȥʣ򣬷ôˣ
Ǿɼˣǲ£صӦǷ˴̥ļӦҽκãϧϷҽֻܿһҩ˵һӡ
Щϧ˵˻ӦǴֻѹ˷УȷҪ÷̫ˡ
̺ʣʲôʱѣ
Ӧˣȸ˰ȣȻٰϷ⸱Ӹ˰ҩȡҩ˳Ƽæǰȥ˹
˿ҩȻϴŴдǸҩ޼
̺ƵһͷԸ˵ȥ˷ǮȥԸӸ˰໹мҩ
ǷǷǰȥҩ䣬Ȼһֻ֣˵롣
ǵĲӸȥ
̺Щӣʱְһȥʣƾ˵˽榣һڴ˴ȻȷԽʲôǺܲģȥ
ԶԶ˽榣Ҫֺʱ򣬾Ϳ榵ȥæ˴˸УȴôһϽ
̺ǰȥѴʵˣȥ档
ʱͻȻһɾ
̺⼱æ齱ߣ榲֪ʲôʱѾˣ΢΢һæǰȥ榷ȻʣҪˮ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
̺Ѿһ·ˣһɫѸΪ򵥣ûа׷ݶˡ
ﻹ𣿡̺⿴Ž榵üۼ価ƣ룬·۾ܷѾǻجεģϸܵĺս鷢ס
һһ潪榰Ѷߵ鷢˶
榿һ˵޴󰭣ɾġ
̺ŴŽ榣Ӣϧۣ̽һ½榵Ķͷ¶ȣȻ˵ԹңԺĹͲҪȥˣȥҲ㲻ġ
ɾûйϵü޴£뵽˲õ顣
㣬Ƕʲô𣿿в㣿̺
ЦЦ˻ѣе£ֻ˵Ȣ¸ˡ
̺ȴЩԺˣüͷ˵Ȣ¸ʲôϵ
л˵

̺⣺εˡѹ
лл֧~߿Ʒ¸º~


17 ˼
ȴЦһȴǸ˵ģһ˿ͷȥ̺˵ɾǳسȻҲǺġ
̺ȴ벻͸Ҳûȥʽ榣ʲôҲܲ³Ǻ飬Ȼôö˶˵ĻǱߡ
Ĳ£Ǻͽ˵˱ġ
Եʱ䣬ʥϵʥּҲˣպҾҪȥˣһڼҪע塭
û˵꣬榾ץסص㣬̺Ļʣʥϲһ𣿡
̺˵ЦЦͣʥ˵ǵӲʣȥ㡣
Ȼ̺ѾĬҪѽˡ
üԽԽѾжˣԼҲҪϽ𰸲УԼĴ𰸲⣬»ˡ
ôˣ̺⿴ɫԣæе
һ˲˺ַ̺ܶݸ˵ɾһȥɡ
̺׼˵仰ʱ򾿾ôģʶľͿڻؾУ꼾ȥǻòʹأ
Ԥϵֽ֣˵ɾ֪ԭȥѰҽģȴΪһЩ¸ˣд˻ᣬΪβأ
̺ҲνġһЩ¡ʲôһЩĵˣǱٵȼ£꼾ȥˣȥѰҽɺã
ȻǿԵģɾԵô𣿡ĲԸ
̺Ȼԥˡ
Ҳ塣̺ⵣǵ
榱ȻްģȥǱܹҲдƵġ
ƺǲһ̺Լôºйϵȴò֤ݣûҪȥʽ榣һ̺ͷ˿ڣãȥ
áһȻȲ󣬵ȴ̺Ⲷ׽
˴ס˽榵֣㽿۵СͷŽ榣֣صˣ۷ʲôҪסҿԻȫҲһỤȫġ
΢ǼЩᣬĵӿ֪ίֿ̺˫Ȼ˵֪ˡ
ʱͻȻʲôʣҪţɡ
ˣЩѾԸˡ̺³Ҫ˵ʲô
һů¶һЦ
ҽҹȥ˯̺̾˿˵Щ˯£ջҪţһ̫ˣֻϢ
Щ⣬ȴҲƴǣԵɾҲЩЪϢ
̺˵ͷʱƶŰ˽ʣˣాˡ
̺˽ǣúźˡ
ƶ˽Ӧһǡ
Ȼ̺Ͳܿ˵ðƶǰȥԼվ￴˺һ뿪
榵ͷ˼̧࣬ͷʱ̺ѾӰԺȴĶ
ˣղūˣʱһʶû˰˵˵һЩʡ
榺Ķһ٣ԭҪԵʱ򿴵ǸӰŵѩ㲻ǻþ
Ѿûˡ治ɫ˵
ȫϧҪӣռòȥˡ
榿ƽ˵£һˡ
ȥ֮ͻ赹ˣҲôɺϵġ
δ꣬ƿŽ榽˹ȴʣ룬ǰȥ˹ʣ˾ͳôһ𣿡
ûθڣҩ𣿡ʡ
æͷŻȻŽǷǷ˵ˣūȥ˹
榵˵ͷƾ˳ȥ
Ķͣһ
׿Լ֣뵽˵Щ
ΥԸ̺ȥ˹գԤ֮Ҫģ¸õõõĽǽδЩӱ׵顣
޺ȷʵǵǰʥģʺϥӣʥȴû̫ӣ޷ֿܣһ޺֮Ծ񣬶ѡ
ѡĿܲ󣬵ûС
ϧ榲޷Щӵл˭ʡ
ο̺⵱ǰվǱߵģ޵ĸܷܷ󽫾ĶŮݾͲɺݵλҲͣŮ˻Ǹݽɫ
һվӣֻ
ְֻҪҵǸ̼ɡ
ţƱҩ˽Ũҩζ˼Ľ榣Ŀ߹İơ
ƽҩ˹Ц˵ˣһǣ˵ҩǣͲˡ
˵ִһǣǿǱɫֽģޱȡ
榽ӹҩ룬ҩȵģӽһ˵ɣûҹǵϰԡ
ǾһǣѹѹҩĿζҲǿԵġЩ֡
榱Ƴһۣ˵ٿҩȹοһ롣
˵ÿͷҩһ
ƿóüģǰǳһҩ¶ȣҩ޵ʣȴ治ɫһһʱ鸴Ӳ
榺ȹҩæȥȻӹҩ롣
榲˲죬ŰƻǿǣɫһЩ˵ǷϾУջԡ
æǷ˵ˣˮѾպˣһū澾˰ˮ׼ԡˡ
źգҲ˽ÿ˯ԡϰԡ
榡šһյѣʹЩ·ɫ׾С
榼ǵ·ֲܽ˵ɫĵúһЩŴ·ҲԵþһЩ֪򸮲δѡ
Ӧ£漴ȥˮˡ
ƿ˴ϵһϣƹߣмů¯յͨ죬ֵʵѾ㲻ˣů¯ȴȼ˺Щˡ
жã
̺мУ
ǿס
˵ľߣ̺һټԺǹҹЩ󣬴ԺеǿźҶ죬̺ߴӰУֻԵޱ
Ŀ⽥̺ܺôྴĹһҲУֻҲŸոտʼ˭Ҳ˵׼Ժڶ֪̺ʲôˣϸ룬Ҳͦġ
ó̺߰ˣ𣡣
˵ͽĳ/ǹһɨȻŽü

Լˡ
Щ˼Ͼ͵ץ˰ȴӲͷƤ˵ɾ书Ȼġ
̺Цͣǰ
Ϳ̨ףľ֮ǰ˯Ұèŵ÷ҲƵӿˡ
̺ܺľĽ榶ϣԺĽ榣Ц֣̽ľｪ榰ѶʵһЩ
ô´ˣҩЩ𣿡̺е
Ƥ΢죬˵ͷһЩˡ
ֻش˵ڶ⡣
̺⣺󣬲ҪվѴغãԡЩ˯¡
΢Ƿ£Źƻ˵ɣ榾͵ͷ̺Цһ¶һŽ
ҹ紵̺ߴη·סܽķ磬ĳƮ˿һЩͿҪͽ榵ͷˡ
̧ͷ̺۾˫۾ĻϲȳģǺڵġ
Ƶҡҷӳڶ˵ϣмζ
ʿˮȱס۵ʱҲһ
л˵

̺⣺õģ͵ץˣˣٺ~



18 ج
̺ЦҲЩ˯£ˡ
ԭֻһͷģȴӦãɾҲǡ
֪ô˵仰ʱһЩ̺üһ䣬漴תصԺС
榱ץ˰ٿȥ˼ˣ̧׼ѴסʱԱһִֻ˹ƹˣˮѾźˣȥԡūشͺá
ûƴǣɿ־ȥԡͰߣŵǼɫѣͷ˰һۣƻڹشᴽ
Ҳ֪̺Ѿߣչ˵ܵ
.
Ѿҹˡ
ֻһпڴϣķβһЩʪɢڼͷһֲ˵Ҽĸо
Ķͣ²ãǰȴûʲô˯⡣
֪뵽˽顣
ʲô鶼ˣԼվǱߣⲻǰҪһ̺
ϾǼ޸̺⣬̺Ⲣûи飬һƷ򲻿ܵġ
Ӧô
ͷˡ
ɴԼ̫Ѩ˵̺ȢžΪʲôأԭΪ̰ͼɫ֮ˣദ̺ƺûǷ˼
˵ҲΪʱ̫磬˵֪ͣڱϡ
.
һҹ˯òȣǰ֮䷢Ӱ榸˯ûþΡ
ģѹֵ˴ȫǿƬƬġ
˺ô꣬϶۵ģ¶ͥԺУ̺⽫§ڻΪס꣬Լȫ̵ܹĺۼԼ
榵ͷ΢΢¡С
ûô̧࣬ͷȥǰվŵȺˣۣȴԼµŴЦ⣬βŷ飬ÿͶԽ˵Ĵۡ
ǰǸ˾̯һʥּ˵ʲôֻԼ˵ųն
̺⵱ȥ֪һѳ/ǹ榻ԼȴɱۣΪüѹڵϣҲƹ˵ϡ
̺ڵϣ˺ѷεĺ𣺡Թ޶
ʱϷ˳ӸµĿŽ˵Ҷѵǻ޵ȫɱ
ȫɱ
͵۾ˮ˳ŷȫˮֹ߻Ǿ仰ԼһЩ
Ŵʶ»黹δµĺޱȡ
һˮ˳βˮߵӹ
ǸʵþһᷢһʹûԤ֪ѹֵһûӦ
޶ʧܣǻĵһ¾Ȼǲ޵
̺˻ģԺǡ̫Ϣˡ
ۿۿۡűˡ
һ㶣æҵĸԼɾᣬȻ⴫̺΢ɳƵˣ
ɾ£˵ŷԼпǻ
̺ҲԸԼŽˡ
Űɫ£΢ţϻһɫ£ɫ̤¹ĺмֵ
ϻЩ⣬ҲǸѲá
̺⿴ʪβǰȥ˴ߣȵָ榲ᣬüͷϧʣôˣج𣿡
̺ò񻰡
ȴܣǸ̫ʵˣʵþһԤ֪Ρ
ţһجΡ榲˵ǸΣӦ̺Ļ˵ˡ
̺͵͵ЦһȥһЩ§˻˵ҾԱ˯ţ޻ΪôˣԭجΡ
Ҫ£ﶼǼٵģμʲôǳСĹﻹɽ̺˵ǺСһһһ׵ġ
ҡҡͷޱߵĺˮδɵ͸鷢ȫ棬ǲõΡ
ٲõζǼٵģᷢģ˲Ҫ¡̺°ڽ榵ͷ˲䡣
榵Ķ̺ǻ˵ǸΣ̺˵Թ޶
榴̺⻳˳Ȼ̺⺰һɾ
̺ҲܿĿ⣬ؾصӦһţڡ
榱һ£һ¾˵û£ɾȥЪ°ɣѾûдˡ
̺ǲţҲʣȻ˽榵֣ŷò񻰣̺üëһ£ֻס榵֣ʣôô𣿡
ҡͷûУΪجΣһͺˡ
̺Űɣְȥ˽榵㣬ȻҲ飬榾Ҫѽȥȴ̺ס
Ҳô䣬ô˯ŵģ̺ЩףΡ
ޱȣ͸һ·ůķǸجδӰ˲ɢ
żˡ榻Щ˼Ž
̺̾˿ɿվһ¡
˵ת˳ȥ
ץԼĽ̺ȥıӰЩԡ
ĵȻڣǼƵѩҲûɢ榵óϣôһ˲԰ȵĺ̺һӡ
û˯⣬ڴϵ̺
ûã̺һһֶһˮ˽
̺Ȱ˵ϣȻӵݸ˽榣˵ůů֡
榽˹ˮȻǸչϵģ¶ȻЩ̡
Ȼ̺ߣԽ˵š
һ٣˲̺˼æƴǣɾˣ
ôˣҪȥϴ𣿡̺㲻ϺãԲףǽ榵ľܾˡ
榶΢죬Ȼȥ鷳ƣҲ̺ԼϴţԼϴ
ͱůůְɣЩϴЩϢջŵʱо񡣡̺ͷ˵
榳̺ϵֲĽ˳
˫Ϊ̫͸һֲס
̺ץĽ˸ǰȻ˿ţ榶
ûֱ׵Ľһ˫¶˿
榵ĽƫСԲĽֺҲƯǰ㡣
̺ɵľסˣ˵ˮڽ榵ĽϣȻ̧ͷʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
̺ŷĵİѽ榵ֻŶŽ
һĸϴһ߿ЦƵ˵̫ЩҪҵһЩͷ᲻һЩ
죬ɡ
ش̺⣬ȴ̺ЦЦ˵˵ʲôʲôˣڽұųҸϻҪԿͷʲô
榾ͽıӣ̺ĸϴţˮܿͽĽűůҲ۷ɫ
֪ɾǿЦġ
̺ЦЩΣùһԵӣȻĽ榽ϵˮɾˡ
ҪûЦأ̺ĽŷŽ˱ȻİǺ˽ϵıӡ
л˵

̺⣺جˣſˣе㡭ɰ
.
ƣǶͺãع~~~


19 
榾첻˵ȷʵûһô졣
̺ȥཪ榵ͷ뵽ָոոϴ˽ţջ˵ƭģֻҪһţŶҲһġ
浽Ǹʱһᰲźõĺ·㰲ȵĶȹһӵġ̺˵ᶨ棬ǿЦģ˿Ұһİ·Ź⡣
ҲĿ˳Ĭ˺ܾá
ɾһģҪ롣榾ǸĥԼȥס̺ڴߵֵָ
Խ榲⣬̺Ҳת˻⣺ţЩ˯£Ҫŵġ
榵˵ͷ̺İ˴ϣ̺⸩Ǻ˱ӣùеӡ
Ȼֽʷ
͸ɫɴֻ̺ܿһģӰӣ̺⽫ߵĵӰںãֶֻֿ˳ȥ
ŵ
榷һ΢΢ɫÿϵ¶ȳٳٲɢӽŵůķ
̺ĻҲԺ
µҲֻһһˣϣʱ̺ͬȥգܹ˼
ҹ𣬽榻ûǸ滺̺ĹȴѾǸδĿ־ɢˣϸ˭ճɹʧһĵǱɡ
̺ǱߣҲӦʱ̺ΪʲôҪվޡ
һ취ֻǻҪϸĥһܷеͨ
榾Լʮ궼ûôĵˡ
.
ڶսѵñһ㣬̺һ䣬ĶȴĪĳһЩ
ʱžҲˣƵ˽ˣ𣿡
ˡ榻Ӧ˰ơ
˵ƿ˴Ҳϴˮ˽
ƵĶҲ򣬲һͽʰˣȻͿʼױ
͸ͭİƣ˵ˣõˡ
ͷֶһ£ȻЦ˵˶ˣū˵ջһЩū澲ôū澵ȵʱ䲻á
Ϊһ⣬̺³榻Щġ
榡šһɫȴ˺ö࣬͸ͭԼͷһһ
ЦӯӯĶԽ˵ˣū澸һһױᾫЩ
ü޲˲ﴽĵͦࡣ
Щūǰ̵֬ϰѧģΪ̵֬ԽԽãū澾ͱ˳Ҽū˼ңū澻᲻źŮˣ˵ٹոӭȢһλŮҪź򣬺ū澻һЩգź˵ú죬·˵顣
㵹ǺѾͷСͦġ
뵽榼̺СҲ顣
ڿҲûҪοСڽҴô꣬µϰҲԼѾĸˣĸҪһźŲС
·ûѡģɫȹȷʵܽ˵ɫĵúúܶ࣬ĨϿ֬һʱҲ岻õˡ
ƶȥｪһȹڣȻ˵Ǵʲôÿ
榻û˵ʲôžͱ죬ͳƵˣˡ
榶ûкøеģرһ̺ʱ˵ЩˣȥôãȻһ˼ǳȴǵ¡
ڶߵأǻһã֪ˡ
Ȼһȳһյ˫뿪
ûʲô榾˵߰ɡ
Ͼǻŵʱ򣬽榾ٶĲҲɢеĽĵ׵׵榾Լ˲٣µĲҲ˺Щ
.
õʱ̺Ѿˣδֻ꣬һ㶯ͻͷ˽榣æվȻЦŸߵһӡ
ˣ˯ú𣿡̺ͷЦʡ
ЩڵȥȻͷ̺˵ţ˯úܺá
ȷʵܸл̺飬ǰľҹŲ˯ˡ
Ǳá̺ҲȥȻֱߵļ˵˽ǰ
̺մһɫĽխ££ŵʱ󱳵ͦðŸβͣ˵̺ѾʮˣȥһЩδɢϢ
ûж࿴ֻɨһ۾ջĿ⣬̺һЩЦ˵˽ÿ
佪榵ʱһֱף榶֪ôش⻰
̺ȴһûһת˻˵ŵĶѾ׼׵ˣһҪȥ𣿡
˼ƽﲢںЩ⵽˾С
ʲô⵽ˣ̺΢΢üͷִ˽榵ĺ󱳸˳
˽⽪ĸϲãʵ
һ£Ȼ˵׼˾ͺá
̺Цý榻һµģ˵ĻԽԽϲˡ
 ã֪ˡ̺һЩزסǶԽ榲İ⡣
榱úܲڣһ࿴̺⣬ɾúóԷ
á̺üЦЦ˳㻹ֲ̧ȥ˽ǵķһٶô˵棬ȵûţɫһ𪣬ߺ첻
Ҳ
̺ȴĿһµĶ
ݸһЦ˵
.
ĵһƳƺ󣬽ߺȵˡ
榶ԽԽϤ
żҵͷҵǺ«
ȻЩߺҲһЩ˲
ļҵİɡ
ⲻ֪İǽ榻ŵʱ䣬˼һءģһЩ̵ζ
˾ȵʣ榣ǸĶŮ
ǲȻأϾǳн榣˭
ǿǴŮô޸̺ˣ
˵ʥĻ顣
⽪С޹ȥ²ùɣ
˭֪ûִָɤҲһ⣬һȭܰ
ôµ𣿡
ǵȻ

ԭڿģЩҲ̲ס̧ͷ
ÿĳȥͿ̺⡣
Ȼ̺ûһһֻúģڿ̧ͷ彪һЦ¶һİ
飬̺ƺûбЩȾü޲һ£̺⿴Ž榵ɫЩԣʣôˣ
Ȼ̺Ȿ˶ûôҲûҪ˵䣬ҡҡͷʾԼû¡
̺ȴѾ˼Ҳָ׽ָȻ˽˵㲻Ҫ˵ģȻǲôãȢãǼ޽ίġ
ˣֻص˽벻׵ĵطˡ
̺ΪʲôҪȢһδıˣôģ
֪ġ˵ıҲ̺˵⣬Ϊô˵Ȼ
̺ʱ˳Ȼ彪̧һ°ͣ˵ûԵģ
ƫͷ˹ȥһŵ̷ǰȫСԡ
Ҹ֣ϾҪˡ
ԡջĿ˵
̺ͷ˴ȻʣӦÿ쵽ˣ۲ۣ
ҡͷ
Ȼˣˣһһ¡̺ͻȻ֣ص˵
Ҳɵڣɾ˵
.
л˵

̺⣺Ҳܺÿ



20 
̺Цһ΢΢ƵЩˣҲʲôش顣˶٣˵ظͬҲУȻš
ӦһԤִͷȥ飬ʱȴƵͣ
̺ÿȥۡҺȻķ֡
˵ĶԽ˵ˣˡ
Ҳܿģ˳ֽ̺࣬ȳȻÿ
榱ȹ첽
һɫĶһ˲ůϣΪһǳǳĽ⣬ɫ觶׹ůҫ·ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
Ŵ΢Ц˽ѾȺʱЩˡ
̺Ȼ彪֣û˵ôֻ࣬п˵ϲãִȥ̺ⷴס֣ɵľ
Ƚס˽ţĸӭɿ֣վһȥ
嶯ָֻġ
ĸȦʣÿɺãûί
ҡҡͷͷεĹ׹Ż˻Σмֵ鶯á
ɾŮܺãŮûί͡
ĸϸ˿榵ȷʵûݵĺۼҲ榵֣ˣȽ˵䡣
榵˵ͷŶͶס˽ţͷȥ̺⣬ɾ߰ɡ
̺ԭǸվһԿģýЦʱĺÿֻôýûһ˴Լеʧ䣬ȻȴͻȻͷһ΢Ц
ͷһůһá֣Ȼȥ
ϡϡĸ˽ȥǽΨһŮǽʮ˿ųģ̺ԵĲ˶ֺõı鿴Ž榵ġ
ȵ˴ãֻͷȥ̺⣬˵ɾﾴ衣
̺æվ˽ԱߣϾϿǶˣ˵ֻŽһˡ
̺ⲻЩأǰȥ裬ת˸̺һȻԼֶһ
榾豭̺«ư
Ůףǳٰ޲֡ĸЦĽӹ˲豭Ž榵һڡ
̺Ҳ˵ĸŮףԸǸٿŮһչ˺ð榣һί
̺ǰǽĬһֽ˹ȴûģһڣǽ豭ϡ
ˣȥ°ɣһҪˡ̺һۣõ˵
榺̺վһʱ򣬾͸׿͵Ĳ࣬榲ŵؿһλãôô̺䲻ԼŮ
ЩǵĿ̺⣬ȴһûһϡ
̧̺ͷúͽĿԣﴽЦһЩζ
榾ͻһܣûзˣɻʽĸСأ
ĸûü˵ʹһϲԾС㡪ū
תȥСҶһ̸㻶ϲϲ˽
С㣬ū֪ţԵ滨ˮ⣡СŸ˽ǰ
ڴ΢Ц˵ôء
СЦ˵ΪС㰡
˵ͽǰһЩС㣬ζû䡣
榾˵ȸȥ
СǷǷȥһһСֻϲϲ˽ߣ̧̧üʾ⣺йүء
һԵ̺æ˵ҲԣԾˡ
˵ԡСҶ̺ⲢûκκøУҲһĴ
üһЩǿӲ̬ȺһСҡ
Сת̺⣬ȻǷǷȥЩ˵ү롣
̺⿴榣榾˵ɾɣСҵһ򲻴
Ȼˣ̺ҲƴǣһСҾͻص˽ߣȥá
ýĸЩ֣΢΢һЩ²⣬Ҳûֳ
ȷʵڼζöɢ
ȸ˺󣬽ĸ˽榣̺ͽ˴۵Сۡ
.
ĸ榺Ĺ뷿Ȼֹ˷š
Щֲ⣬ĸ˽榵š
ĸŽ榵۾˵榶ң̺㾿ô
գգۣʵĻصŮá
棿ĸԲš
榵˵ͷ˵ŮԺ󣬷е˶Ů̺ҲŮܺãŮûе֮ڣŮҲϣŵʱǲҪ
ĸĬ˺һûԼŮĲϣҲûпŮͷµƷŮϵľҲ
Ǿ̺㲻ãôô䲻ϣԽԽķĸҲ˵ĸܡ
ס˽ĸ֣˵ȷһЩطϲҲ֪ŮӵģŮҪίͻˡ
ĸﺬˮ۵ĿŽ榣ÿǻ˵ãԺҪǶ㲻ãͻǵıŮԶļҡ
л˵

̺⣺ż˲ϲңûϵһϾǵҹ͵͵ѹ
ǧΪѹϰ񣬱ǲҪ⣬Vʹե//ңҲӴ~


21 
Ů֪˵ڽĸģ/ο
ĸ˵ͷ̾һ˵һҺ˵һ˵Ƕš
º͵ЦЦҪޣŮѵǺܸ˵𣿡
̫ˣûҾͷˡȻվŽ榵˵榶˸ѣȥһԡ
ɾǱߡ榻Ǽǵô̺ͰǶ׼ǻֳʲô
ĸο˵㰢ˣûڳˣ̺⾴Ĳǽӹˡ
ҲеҲ͵ͷӦ˽ĸ
.
ͥԺг¶Ѿůˡ
ˣǿž;ůġ
棬̺Ѱó棬һ֪ˣ̺⵱ôõͷһξûѹס
󿴿ҿǲҺϵĽϡ
ãĬǽƵġ
źܲСŮ
û˵̺꣬ʹĻȢǲһ˿֮
ҭһ£ȷʵʽûί
ȿȡ㱾Ʒ͹٣˵Ҳаݼ񣬵ȻȢ榶ݼʡȥ֪ɡ
̺Ȼ֪ģЦ˵СУЩأ㲻ʲô
࣬ʹȴҲ޴˵̺һôô˳ġ
ҲûҪɵۣһʣҲԼһִƴģ˻Щ
˴ƺ˵̺ⲻõĻ䣬ĬһȻ˵ﰢѼݺȥһֳǰҲ˸ĸȥСֻһЩԶˡ
ϸһ£ûиĸҲУٽ榼޹ȥܶŶѣҲТš
㣬ͦ׵ġⷽ棬̺ͦġ
̺⿴ŽɫǰˣҲ˿ۣЦЦҲУǶǹȥˡ
˾û˵ˡ
زǴ۵Сˡ
˶ﲻ仰ˡ
ַΧµʱ򣬴ʹ˽ĸºʹȰ榶Ǵһ·ÿ
˾ˢˢĿſڡ
ǣˣ۾ˡ
̺ǣˣĿסˡ
˽ʱһ۾ͿϲĶǡ
˲ԼͬĶס˽š
ȥһѵģɫȹźɫĻƣɫ£һֻɵϵһֻɫ˿ȥƯ˺ö࣬Ҳɢ˲١
ҴŮȥһѣ׼׼Ҫˡĸ˵һֵĸظС
˶վ㿴Ž˵ҳһ¡
ʼ磬滺һΪ̫õʹϽĸ߳
˸ճ˴ã̺߹
榿˵ɾǴһ͡
̺ͷӦڽ榵ߣС˵ˣÿ
Ϊ͵͵Ҫ˵ʲô£ĵĿޣЦţ벻ʲôãͱ˻˵ˣСȥϴϴ׼ˡ
á̺üһ䡣
榾ͻСң˵СҾЩ鲻ԸǹԹ̺ȥƫ
̺СĴԺеĶȻʣ˺ܶѣСϲ𣿡
Сԭǲģ뵽˽榶Ľ˵̺ڸﲢû˿ĵԼҲ̺ܵ⡣
СҾͻأǰСԹǱߵѣ߲򵽣򵽵ҲǲʵģԼǰүӹմ֡
̺⿴Ժִ׳٣˼ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ˴ãѾֻнһ̺˾ʣɾ𣿡
̺ҡҡͷ
榾΢΢ü밢ǺͰ˵飬ҲᵢôðǸʲôȥˣ
С㣬ūȥү˰ɡһԵС˵
榣Ҳãȥɡ
СҾ˵޷ȥˡ
һҲһĲˣԱߵֺһ裬׼ٵʱ̺Ĳ豭˵ǰҪ̫ˣһóԲ·ˡ
á榸յͷӦ£һ䣬һ߸Žĸһ˽
̺æŽվ
ӭȥʣʲôȥˣ˶ںˡ
ĸЦĿŽ˵㰢˵Щ£ˡ
˵ֶ̺˵ǶɣŰɡ
ĸŽ榰ˣ̺ͺͽˡ
˶Щڡ
ڽĸҲûҪ˵ʲôˣ˾ͰĳԷˣĸסĸ榼вˣ榶㰮Ե㣬һܿ㰾ġ
榽ӹ⣬ͻȻ˵ĸǲӲã
ĸһ£Ȼ˵ͷ˵ǰոռĵŹԤȥ
榾˵ʥɾȥհ£ŮҲɾһȥ˳㿴ĸͲȥˡ
ĸ꣬˵ȥʲôҪһյӲþͲҪȥˡ
²δϾǣ˵ʥϲûн¹Խĸĵ̫õ
榼˵ǻԤŮȥҽôɾһȥˣܿĸҲ˳ƴ򣬲Ǹô
˵ȻеģĸĽ榵塣
Ĭһʽ˵ô룿
Ҳ꣬һ˵榶ôˣŮôȻĵ
̺һ£Ҳ˳˵˳㣬СҲȥĸ
ĸ͵˵ͷҲУֻ·;ңԶ榶ҪעС
Сһչ˺ð榵ġ̺˽֮ǰ˵
榿̺⣬ɫһЩ
Լһƣָ̺⵹һȻʾ̺ӣ󣬽˵ҾôһŮҲ޸㣬󣬵Ůá
̺һȻ󽫱ľһŵ˵Сһ
˾ƣһһİĬ˺һݸ̺˵榶ȥһԣһֻ榶µֻұ㽻ˡ
ҲûʲôصĶֵǮ㣬Ҫպá˵˵Ȧͺˡ
˵ʵʱգǲţԼĳŮѾˣ޵Ļˡ
̺æֻȥӹ䵽ĵһ̣̺ȻƽҪء
񲻱Сҵô񡣡̺ҲĻء
Ҳ˹ԭǸոյôãȥȡģۿŽҪסˣĸæ廰˲˵ˣҪˡ
ˣ˱ʼԷˣٸнķҲûʲôθڣΪ˲ýĸģӲͷƤһ뷹
ĸֽ榺˳ȥƺҲ˾ƣҲûʧ̬ôûٵ̺ˡ
̺Ħǿһܾµİ񣬻ɫеƯﻶϲ֡
.
ĸŽ榾ֱ˷䣬Ȼ󲻶ɫĹš
ĸʣ榶ǿ˳ȥ㲻Ҫ
ҡͷ˵ΪҪ
ǰ˵͸ɾģȴҲܡĸɳƵĿǻ˵
榰ο˵ûµġ
ĸ̾˿˵ǲȥðݼڣĸľĻ£ҪǱ˼֪޵ˣ֪ж
㽪ҲĬһĸ˵ıʵĸʱ򣬾һ潪榻Ͼǲܼ޵ң̺ǵһġ
ȴ޸̺⣬ĸ֮飬Ҳֻͽˣúù
Խ榾͵˵ͷӦá
ĸ˵˵̺޸ĸһֳҲˣֻʣЩԶݣʵҲ㻵£޹ȥˣû˿Ե㡣
榿Žĸĵǣֹסı䣬Ȼ˵ﲻģŮҲչ˺Լġ
ôչԼӹ׾ҪȾ˷纮ٷգʮ²ãǺ޲úһȥң㡣ĸ˵ú棬ҲԼ˵Ļвԡ
΢΢Ц̫ˡ
Ҳö࣬ǵ㡣ĸ̾˿ͻȻ뵽ʲôʣȥҩλȥٴ
榴˵̺ǰոŮһƲ¿һҩҲúܶˡ
ö˾Сĸŷĵĵ˵ͷԸȥգܹѰҽúӡ
Ӧ£ﲻصǣܹõġ
ĸЩѹûǰˣĿǰ榼޹ȥûί̺ܰô󣬱Ȼǵ֮ȻܿΪҪʱ䳤һЩ˲ܿʡ
ûкͽ˵Լ롣
.
ɫһЩʵϦڴϣȾ˺ɫ
̺˰ѻŵƷ˽
Ǻܴһ޴۲Ҷʱ˶˺ܾãƷϰԣҲûȹĴֻۣҲմ˹˵Ĺ⣬С뱭
̺˴۾Ѿˣһޡ
̺ûĳٶۣҶϣȻ󹧹˵ˣСһݱЦˡ
ӹ˲ҶֲȷŵĿ˿һһĴۡ
ֻ̺ΪǶԷɲʣæ˵˷ģСģδ֣֮ġ
ҶŵϣȻ豭ڣƽ˵ˡ
̺⿴ԷҲͷˣתֶһԵ֣һ˹Ȼ˺ӡ
Ŀһͬɫʵ˿ߡ
ĸϵ˿ߣʮѵõ˿һȾɫģɫ˿ȾɫѣȫϾҪҳһپ˿ͺ˲ˣ̺һ;Ƕʮ
ĸĬһȻֽӸסˣƽʣƷǷ̫Щ
ϲŮ죬һ˿϶Ҳϲ֪Զ͵ء
̺æ˵صģﰢ榲صģǽ޸ңҾѾܸˣЩֵ֮ù榰֣
˵úϣЩˣһԽĸ˵°ɣɾһƬ⡣
ĸͻȻĳԸ˵İɡ
ûȥ˿ӹǶǸ˻˻֡
̺һæ˵ĸˣСһƬ⡣
ĸΪŮ⣬ʲôʱҿ榶ˣ˵ɡ
ƽȴŲݾܾļᶨ
ǲµġ
ĸʱ򣬱˭Ȱˡ
̺Щ޴룬æǰ˵ãŮˣպҲ١
̺鸴ӵĿŽ榵Ĳգﰲ˲١
ĸζĿ˽һۣȻ֣صĵ˵ͷ
ʱˣҵѾˣҲ֪Ҫȥˣųȥˡ
̺ŽĸŮ˵˺ЩŻָȻ̺˾͸ˡ
ﰲ˺һ榿̺˶˺ܶ࣬ɵЦһ£ͻȻ̺Ҫ˵¡
˻ɾҪʲô
л˵
ǧֵ䣡VϾŵ䣡
ǲҪǵղغͽ㣬ԽԽ֣
Ӵ~~~
.
ԤġѪر֮Ȧղأİ£
楋OԼܳˣԴϸˤһӺ;Լϣһ֡⻷
ͶԼҳͬһطʱܻһƽˤʮǵˤԼҵĻ
ֻһ£ȻŻѪˣ
ȫͶԼҶһ㵵Ŀ
楋OѪڵĽͣǰιûҪ˵˼
߾Ϊ˷ֹ͵ضȶɣЬٰϵĶȥ͵
ȻǽˣûôһǽΪý楋O֣ˣ
.
ʵɣ⻷ҲһôϷʱΪˤһӹ˵Ϻ´ˣȻȫϷʡ˹á
ٱɣ楋Oԩˣʡ˹ѩķá
پ
楋OĻл
.
ǸԼޣΪȦ֮Ҳ˺ͽ楋Oǧ˿ƵĹϵ
̨ͬʱ򣬽楋OСĴ׸ߵĵطˤȥԺ֮ʣŸϹĶԼҵ֣ѵĽҸ˵ޣҿҪʧˣֻգࡰλ¼ҿһܴ̼ͻõġ
ޣ˵ʲô
Ȼ楋OͽҽԺΪЪʧ䡣
ްŰɵĵ㿪ֻܴ࣬󣬽楋Oָ䣬ҽ˵ҽѧ漣
楋Oлл㡣
.
ٱݵʱһ̼˽楋O
÷ƣȻ˵ޣݿҪˣ׼ҵ´绰
ޣ
һ룬ݼ׹æ˼Ծȣ楋OҲ˵绰ʮ
άԱݴû£û뵽ˣô侲˿ɲˣ
楋O˶Ҫ˺
.
Ϊ˷ֹˤϵĹ⻷楋OÿζޣȻǧ㲻粻㣬һҪĲɷûϣ΢иһµĽ楋OΪһˤˣԼһˡ
楋O㲻Ҫ
ãȻ㣿ã
⣬ΪӵֹѪ⻷ˣˡ
楋O
ˣֱˣ
楋OõҵȦģټ
Ȼ˿
˵ˣأǸƵǿ¶ûϣ
أǰOO̫ɰˣˤ˶ѣȻ޽£ء
Ķôɺϣమĳ̶ˣȻͳɺ~

.

1.1v1˫࣬ȦɳСģhe
2.ŮѪ⻷~ҲӲοǲ~
3.Ƹ֮ʵΪȻ֣Һͱ̫׽˶ѡ


22 ճVֵ䣩
̺⾭żҪ˵, Σ֣صҲ£, ȥһҵ
ʵ֮е, ɾΪֹ
̺̾һΪҾռ޽, ȥЩùͷ
ɫһ, ǲ, ôùͷأİ, ֪úܺãܸ˵ġ
ȻΪ̺æ, ֻΪǡģҲžȥ˻ùͷ
˵ʱ̺ԳĬһµġ
˶һ̳ĬסˣﲻܿصĲһ, ûס, ̺æչȥ˳Ȼν˵ǶǶõˣҪǲ⣬Ǿһȥǣ
榿ȵβЩ, á
΢΢, ЩһЩԶĮȻС
̺һЦޣҪʱ϶ȥĸˡ
˵ȸԾ, ŽԽԽϲ, ϲڡ
Ȼǲڵ, ЩҵĽһϵȻûҳֻ̺־͸ȥ
ǰһֻ͹ʮĴ֡
ֻ̧̺⣬̺˲٣˵ˣҪˣ̫ˣۡ
ûע⵽һأϵһҲûȥ̺ˣȻΪҪ̺ȥˡ
ԹԵɿ֣̺ͰùԲ࣬榽۵֣͵͵˵֮ǰҲ˵ҲõĵطȴòΪȻԴȢ㣬ҾͲ˵ң˵Ҳǰ˵ҡ
ܾû¸ӡ󡣡̺˵仰ʱͷǵŵģҲܵͣ˿ȥƵġ
榲֪̺ΪʲôͻȻ˵ˣƺһЩָ΢΢һȻο˵ɾҪ̫ࡣ
ȷʵᰲοˣ˵仰ʱҲɰͰ͵ģһһûиƴնɵġ
ԼЩףǼ˵㲻Ҫںô룬ҲҪںô롣
̺̾˿Ҫ˵ʲôʱͻȻͣƥ˻Ⱥһ¾ͻ
榸Ӧ˳ƾ˳ȥ̺ۼֿס֣Ȼһ̾ס
ŵɫ԰˺öࡣ
̺§򣺡ô£
꣬ƺ
æͣǶ桭һ
̺ͷŽϣȻѹĪȥ
ɫ԰׵ĵ˵ͷ̺תһס̺֣˵ɾҲȥ
Ͼ̺˶ʶܽϣֻ˵ԷϵҲ͡
ֻ̺»ˡ
̺ϸһ£˵ãȳȥٳ
榵˵ͷ̺⡣
̺ÿ˳ȥҲվ˳ӳɷ򸾶ˡ
ӳɼ̺⻹һ£Եȴੲˣ˵ССƷ٣ҼҷƷԱ·ˣ
̺Ƣãó˽Ů˵һߴߴĴ
ɫ˺öࡣ
ɾ˭ÿ˳˳Ů뷲߳ʱһʵ޽ǵ鷢
ӳɫȴǰС벽ӳǰ
̺ĹְСԷƷȷʵ̺Խ榾ǷǷɤ𣺡ܴˡ
̺ûжһ³̺䣬ɾ
ֻ̺úӲͷƤ˹֣ܴˡ
ӳҲҾС㣬ض񡣡
ɾǶ˳ôһЩ壬һЩ䣬Ȫǰ
̺ⲻԾľ˵Ƕ˳
ӦǱܴǵģɾȻǶģ̺ͬ˵
ô˵˴Цβӳɵɫȴ˺ö࣬Ž榲֪뵽ʲô
С㲻ˣҪСһЩõġӳֹ֣˵
ʱɫͲˣ˼ĻͷȥӳɣȴӳɵĿⶼڽϡ
ձ˽榣鱾ͲѣòüʱӳɾȻΪ榸ԸöԷ
ӳɣ񼸺г
ӳƽƽĿһۣ˵ˣҪһЩñá
ίˣ˵ǹٽСùٽ״ģ
̺ҲԺôûͶͻԼڧˣ
ɫҲĵŶ泳ꡣ
ȥӳƢˣҲɫˡ
񱻺һһ㶵ģԺڿ
ӳɶԽ榹ǸȻԸ˵ǡ
˵Ҳĳͼת䣬ӲǸ˵һ·
̺ҲܿԾҪȥʽ榵ʱ򣬽榾ȹˡ
榻׼̺ûжͺɾô
̺͸˽ȥ
ˣӳŶÿŽнԶҲһһա
ӳɣװҲװ𣿡Ȧʡ
ӳ鷳꣬߳ģӡļ䣬СͲͷķ˵ʲôװװģ
ǰڻԺʱҾ֪ˣֻǾô͸ˡͱ˵
ӳɷ˴̫ѨԺǶǶǰˣַ·һ㡣
ֻǵЩҲ޻˵ӳ糣Ҳܲ
ҧŴøǱ޽榣ֻǰ˶ģЦһ˵ӳɣţҿ˼ҿûǵ㡣
ӳ⻰ѡĬ
ٺֻһӵûеط˸˼û˵һ仰ˡ
.
ոն̺ͻȻŽ榣նĶԽ˵ˣӳϲ㣡
һ̺ӺζΪģ֣ض䣬ɾĪҪ˵
̺֪ô޶˵Ĳ²ǲԵģԼæ䣺ˣܿʲôˣ
Ĭһ󣬡ȢޣЩȻ޶˵Ĳ²⣬˽˵˵ҲûʲôмĴ˵
ֻ֪񡭡һ̺⻹ϣԼˣֻЩܰˣýΪѲźá
û£Ҿˡ̺Цˣֻһ˲ͽʲŵĲ֮Ժˡ
榾̺ⲢȻˣǽѹˣϸһǾлҪ˵
ɫٺ̺˵ˣ̺ҲĬţ֮ķΧЩ֡
ûͣ˽ˣˡ
̺վȻÿ˳Ƚ˳ȥһᣬһԺŵİӲûһ֡
ˣСġ̺ŽҲע¡
˰һֻ榵ӳĵøӽСϦĹϣһ¾õС
ʶȤûȥ
榸ӭ˵ˣѾںˣǿǷҪȥţ
̺⿴Ž榣˵Ȼûע⵽ֻǰʻһû˵ŷӦɾͺá
˵ҩ𣿡̺ȴ˱ġ
ƹѾڼˣŹͲˡ
̺˵ͷ¶ᣬˣŰɡ
ŵʱҲĬĬԣ̺榼㣬żһ²˺ϲθڣҲһһģĲ˵
.
ҹһ乴ƵģûڵҲк˰ͥԺʱ̺⻹ûȥ䣬ͥԺУԺϱһŵ
Щӡ
̺佫ȴڳĹ٣Ҳ֪ʥôģʵʱ򲢲Ը̫࣬һ֪ĶˣԼһֱ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣҲԸЩ
˺һĬĬתڣ̨ףһֻƵĺɫСͻȻ˳ֱӴӽ榽ű߲ȥŵýгҲɵú˺ü
ˣ̺յͥԺſھ˽榵ľֱŵ˽ƽվһǰ˽榵ߡ
ôˣʲô̺榵ɫ԰ףĿ֬ӳӲ԰ס
̺˵һֻɫĶ˳
˵Щ΢΢
̺£⸽Ұè컹䣬̰ůˡ
ü𣬡ôܵˣ
֮ǰϲЩèû¾ιǣιζˡ̺͡
룬˵´ٿˣԺһСѣЩʳһԣʱҲˡ
˵ģ˵ġ̺榵ͷ
榵˵ͷɾȥɣЩЪ¡
̺ܸ˵Ӧ£Ž߽ȥԺñͿԺס
һֱڰĻèƯָ߹
СԺٽŵҷˣҾͲιˡ̺װͰ͵˵Сèƺ̺ĻŶ䷢ء
̺˵Ҳûãе
˵ų/ǹԺм䣬һֿʼˡ
.
ѾϴˣĶҲͣһˡ
һֱ̯һҳΪ˼
뵽˽ײӳɺ̺˵Щ̺˵Ų⣬ﻹѹ£ǶѽΪޣȻ꣬޼ȴôìܡ
˿ྴһӣ¾Ӧú̺˵
ֻҪʲôʱ˵
ûʲô˵ģЩҪӳˡ
ڴߣ㷢ɢڼͷҲһûһµķš
ڳ˷ȼʱġܰ͡
̺ƿŵһ½榵˼˻鿴ǰ̺Ⱨһ·Űɫ˽
榻û˯£ͽ·ϣͽ榵ﰤһ
Ȼʣ˻ûЪ£
榳ʱ硣
̺˵ջҪȥĸףЩЪ²źá˵Ԥȥǰյ
榼æסɾ
̺ϨĶͣ£ͷȥ榣ȻʣôˣҪͬô
榵˵ͷ̺ǰ˴ߣͽġ
˵ˡ̺ｪ榳˳űߵı˵
˵ǽɾû׵顣
̺ʲô飬ʵԸӽ榵˵飬ҲӳĲɾͽûаϵ
Ҳʲô£˲ר˵̺Υ˵
榾Ͷ۾ʣɾôģ
̺ⱻ飬С˵Ȼǡɡ
ЩΣ˳˵аɣɾȻ⣬Ͳˡ
ˣ̺Ĺģ϶֪ʲôΪʲôӳɶŽ榵۾ô
һ£ֲˡ
ɾǲأ榾̨̺¡
̺⼱æ˵˵˵ľУҶš
̬ýЩЦ룬ӻԺѧʱ˵
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ܴ˽ԺǸʱѧϰã˵Ҳãػϰʦȥܴ̽ˣó˽̸ÿһζҵдˣҲԵɣһ±ˣʦȴΪôģӾʹһЩȻȥ·ϻˤһӣҲƤѧˣΣˣǹϵͺЩˡ
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ƺҲû˺ˡ
˵ϲǿѨˡ˵
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̺ĪһůŽ榵Ԥһ§榣ͷ˽榵ľ䣬˵ˣá
û飬ҲЩ˵ĻΨֱ׵ĸõó֡
һǲ֪״̬û뵽Լֻǳʵ飬̺ô
̺ⷽԡϵζûɢȥţ榽˺һ̺ɿ
Ц¶һȮһ˫ϵĶŽ榡
ɾáЪˡ榱ֱ׵񶢵û˵ˡ
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̺˴֮һ졣
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̺صôæٷû͵˲ǰ榿˼˺һž˵ɾٷҪš
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榣ϡ
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榻û꣬ǰ˵þУʲô
ȻһĲźá˵仰ִС
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ǲ⣬Ծһ䣺Ϊʲô
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̺Ƕȿȥܳü޲˲ģҲòС
Ҳ˽榵ĻҲһ
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ȴֲܿ϶ʵʮа˾š
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̺ҲȻˣȻУ˭Ǹԩͷ
ᶨˣ糯һʥ˵£ҪҾ˵Լĥġ
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̺ﳩ˲٣Ҳ꣬˳ָ榼һ㹽
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ȥɽ·ߣ̺֮ǰӲݣӹʹڴڵĴΪɽС·ߣһߵġ
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̺һֱŽߣ˺һ˵ҪȥǵķˣǨɽһͷˡ
֪̺Ϊʲôô˵ô治Ļ
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˫ֺʮƫͷ̺⣬˵ɾʲôҪԶ˵ģ
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榾˵
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Ƕ֮أͱǶϱǶƽƽǶϱտ޲ʹ仰˵úǳϿң·治ֹŵĸĸӦ
΢΢ݣ̺ٴΰ˰ݣȻ̺ͽһֽǮȫˡ
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1.1v1˫࣬ȦɳСģhe
2.ŮѪ⻷~ҲӲοǲ~
3.Ƹ֮ʵΪȻ֣Һͱ̫׽˶ѡ


23 鷿
̺ⲻ˼δͬ˵
ֵõ˵, ҹֵ飬ʥϱ
΢΢뿪֮ǰ, Ҫȥյ鱻֪ˡ
һǸеŮ, ҪһͲ̫ܵãһ֪ԼΪ˻رѡ̺ȥ, ², ҪǱ, ĸǱ߻ġ
̺榵ʧ, Ӵյ˽ߣʣ, ôˣ
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Ű, 򴽡šһ, ˵Ȼˣɾ糯ʱҪʥ˵Ҫǵüȥ, ֵǮֻǳ͢
̺ȴʵ, ᲻ǵʥϷŭ
, ΪɾȥգҲģֻǱ⣬ֵҡҡͷ˵
̺תĿ¶֮̾ɫȻһЦԵĿ佱˵ˣ㣬Ҷ֪ⱳ󾹲ô˼
һ֪ôȥ̺Ŀ佱ͽֱߵǾ̺˵࿴ͺá
佫ûҪôɣ̺ҵķ˷飬ֺöֶʶģ
ü΢ͣĬһС̺ȻôģҲûҪȥȰ˵ο˵Ҳ佫֮Ҫѧ˺Щʷֻʥϻ
ɾ֮ҲСɫȻһʱʲô
ֻ̺Ǿ飬˵ҲΪʱƶΨһһЩҲ̵ģһЩֶ˼֣ȻǲܱȵϳЩ˵ģҲ飬Ϊ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬֪̺ǰҵģûʲôʱȥ顣
ףɾ鲢޹˵
̺ȴܾý榵Щֲ֣ƶΪʲô飬Ž榵Щ̽º͡
ЩˣЩ⣬һֱԼˣƣʱҲֱͦ
ַ̺סϸ̺Ƹȥһ˲˽
ӯӯһ޹ǣ紵ȹϷ١̺ԼҲһ¡
𣿡̺еʵ
榽ҡҡͷϵ۵ġ
̺⿴óѣϲ榵۾˫۾ƽ￴˵ʱ򣬶һ䵭Įޱϲģֻż飬Щ⣬̺Ҳó
΢ЦһŵҵģҪ˯һ
̺º͵ƣβ̣Щġ
ҡҡͷ˵һȥҪȥյĶװãǱʪ䣬ҪϣһЩȥġ
̺§˵ЩҶ֪Ϣһ£ҪʲôͷͰ˵װϡ
˵֣̺ΪֹĶһŵȴһɵѩ㣬񶼰˲١
榱ܾģǼʱ־ҲǲС
ֻҪô˯ſ϶ǲ̫еģĿӦǿԵġ
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Ĳڣ̺˵Ҫ£úϢ˻ġ
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Լϵµȥ̺ȵסˣģֳúƯȻʮָմˮ֡
̺סʱġ
.
ϦĹ⽥ɢĺɫϦԺľȾůġ
СڸƼ棬·⴦Ժ˶µĲᡣ
榺þöû˯ðˡ
ʱԼڴϣﻹһ׵ѣһ۾ϳ̺紩һ
˵榾͸ķ϶Ҳ֪ʱˣüһԼЩգô˯ˡ
Ь˴һ㶯˰Ƶˣ𣿡
ֽ̧ϵȻӦ˰һ
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ûоܾҲɰƸ£ͷ̷Ҳȡǧ˿ɢڼϣֻС
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鵭Ȼ˰ƵĻ˵ڲˣҩҺ˾С
áӦ¡
ױʱ򣬰ƫͷžĽ˵ˣɫˣū澾Ͱһ򵥵ͷˣ
š榿žԼҲ֪ǲ˯̫ˣϻŵķۡ
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ҪĨ֬𣿡ƶ֬ʽ榡
榿һǺ֬ˣȥҩɡ
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ƹЦ˵ǡ
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ʲô˵ģģڻƻУûһ˿¶ȡ
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ŵŵӦǣվֱȴǫĴͷ̧ͷŽ榡
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˷磬榵㷢Ʈ裬ȹҲŷƣŮƵģ̺ƵﻶϲˣķҲһ¡
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˵
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һ˲ɫ̺΢΢¶һЦʣˣ뿴ô
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ŽЩģ̺Щ̿˵ЩҪϲǾͶģȳԷ˷ѡҪȥյ飬вУ
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ЩߣȴոպãԭЩСȺܿĻָ˹
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ֵ̺ͷŽɵɿ֣Щɵʣ𣿡
һ̺⿴̺һѾ׽ס֣Ȼ˵ã֪ˣ߰ɡ
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̧ͷ̺ߴıӰĪӿһֲ֪ü
.
Ѿˣ̺˵Ҫ㽪ȥ鷿飬榾ȥ䣬ԼȥѡͿˡ
榼ˣ̺Ҳ˵ʲôˣͷԸҪչ˺á
Ҳ֪ȥҪ೤ʱ䣬Ҳֻõģת׼ϨƳȥʱͻȻϵıͲװһ֧ӡ
Բһ۾ϳǵʱ֧÷
ǰȥ˳ڵϸϸĿһ·ȷ֧
κ֧أ
榽ӷ˽ȥﻳɻ˳ȥ
ѾԺȺʱ˳æӭǰ˵˰ū澾Уū澻ʰ˺úװµġ
榿һ飬Ȼݸ˰ơ
鷿޷·榵˼ԺȫװŸոտӣ鷿֧ǵʱ֧Ʒκ֧أ
ȥʱ̺⻹Ժ䣬ʹһ£ӱ߸ߵߣ¶ı۰򣬿խˮϣһĪ˵ĸо
˽榾ͣȻǰȥʣˣѡˣ
̺䣬ʱ򣬻һŵĺζȴûС
ţѡˡ榵ͷӦ¡
̺⻹ģǽȴ˵ȻˣɾɣȻطˡ
˵ǷǷȥˡ
̺ҭһ£ֿ̧Լǿı۰򣬲ɻü
.
榻صԺױ̨ȥˣڹóκУȻһĴˡ
Ȼһ֧һģһġ
Щȥױ̨ϵϸϸĿ˿ȻˣΪ֧Ʒ
ȻѾµˣﻹЩ𾪺͸ӡ
˵֧Ʒ̺ȥƷΪ˲Լ֣͵͵Ľ
榲֪̺ôҵƷģһǺɵ顣
֧･ó
ӣƷȷֵǸ۵ģ϶һһġ
һʱζӳµġ
ѹ̺˵ҪǴӾ͸ÿˣȻںƷƷ˶еģʱûкʵѴܾ
ʵֻ֧ղأǴȥ˵ġ
û뵽̺Ʒ
л˵
ԭʫ:߲飩
ӯӯһ޹ǣ紵ȹϷ衣
ǽؾУϸᡣ
.

̺⣺̫ÿҸ
.
Ԥ棺һ¸ҿӤ~~
.
ԤġѪر֮Ȧİ
楋OԼܳˣԴϸˤһӺ;Լϣһ֡⻷
ͶԼҳͬһطʱܻһƽˤʮǵˤԼҵĻ
ֻһ£ȻŻѪˣ
ȫͶԼҶһ㵵Ŀ
楋OѪڵĽͣǰιûҪ˵˼
߾Ϊ˷ֹ͵ضȶɣЬٰϵĶȥ͵
ȻǽˣûôһǽΪý楋O֣ˣ
.
ʵɣ⻷ҲһôϷʱΪˤһӹ˵Ϻ´ˣȻȫϷʡ˹á
ٱɣ楋Oԩˣʡ˹ѩķá
پ
楋OĻл
.
ǸԼޣΪȦ֮Ҳ˺ͽ楋Oǧ˿ƵĹϵ
̨ͬʱ򣬽楋OСĴ׸ߵĵطˤȥԺ֮ʣŸϹĶԼҵ֣ѵĽҸ˵ޣҿҪʧˣֻգࡰλ¼ҿһܴ̼ͻõġ
ޣ˵ʲô
Ȼ楋OͽҽԺΪЪʧ䡣
ްŰɵĵ㿪ֻܴ࣬󣬽楋Oָ䣬ҽ˵ҽѧ漣
楋Oлл㡣
.
ٱݵʱһ̼˽楋O
÷ƣȻ˵ޣݿҪˣ׼ҵ´绰
ޣ
һ룬ݼ׹æ˼Ծȣ楋OҲ˵绰ʮ
άԱݴû£û뵽ˣô侲˿ɲˣ
楋O˶Ҫ˺
.
Ϊ˷ֹˤϵĹ⻷楋OÿζޣȻǧ㲻粻㣬һҪĲɷûϣ΢иһµĽ楋OΪһˤˣԼһˡ
楋O㲻Ҫ
ãȻ㣿ã
⣬ΪӵֹѪ⻷ˣˡ
楋O
ˣֱˣ
楋OõҵȦģټ
Ȼ˿
˵ˣأǸƵǿ¶ûϣ
أǰOO̫ɰˣˤ˶ѣȻ޽£ء
Ķôɺϣమĳ̶ˣȻͳɺ~

.

1.1v1˫࣬ȦɳСģhe
2.ŮѪ⻷~ҲӲοǲ~
3.Ƹ֮ʵΪȻ֣Һͱ̫׽˶ѡ


24 Ӧ
, ȴ˺һ̵ֱü϶ϡֹס
װ֪İӷ˻ȥΪ֪ôȥ̺顣
ԡ̺ҲӸڵķϴ, ʱ򻹶һˮ
ԭҪ˯˵, ս£̧ͷͿ̺˽
һֶֻˮ, һֻ, Ȼתˡ
Щ, ȴû̺Ҫʲô
̺⾶ֱߵ˽ǰ, Ȼˮ˵ϣͷԽ΢΢һЦ, ˵ˣˮϴϴ
榺飬ʶĻ˲أϾܾɾ, 䡣
̺ⲻûƵ榵С, ̲ס¶һЦºͽ͵ǷνȥģԶ·Ҫǲһ, ʹʱ, ֻΪˡ
һ£ԵЩִ٣һ˵໣, Լˡ
ŽŵĶκһŮ˵Щߵ, һֻΪج, δʲôףѵúܡ
ʪ֣˳ϴϴˣҪǾúߣϴЩˡ̺֡
ҲܿķֲΪϰͱµı룬ºɵľͿԽ榵Ľס
˫ֳڴϣһ£̵Ľ˳ȥ
̺ǰһЩס˽榵Ľǰý榵ϸǽҲϸ
Ͼ榿ȥһĸо
Ƚ榵Ŀȥ¶СȣȻֻֽ˵ˮڽ榵ĽϣȻʣ𣿡
ҡҡͷȴ˶ϣҶ磬סһ˫Ķ
̺Ľ榵ĽŷŽֻĸϴ
榺ǲڣ֮Ĭ˺һ󣬽𣺡ɾôˮֹЧ
ʵҲֻ֪СʱŤˣﶼģˮϴϴˣһֱΪΪ̫˲ˮҳŤ˵ʱȥҩȻֻһˮ̺ƺ뵽ʲôĵ飬˵Щʱ˺öࡣ
榵ĸȻ㲻ϴ٣Ʒ٢Ҳǹ٣ⷽǼҲ̺˵ʱ򣬽ﾹһЩͬ顣
΢΢ͷ̺ģ;ýϵһ·ӽŵ״ļ䣬ůůģֵֹֹġ
һ̺⽫ĽŲɾˣŽ榰ѽŷŽ˱Ŷˮȥ̺뿪ӣ榺ȻһӶϵһָо
.
Ǳ̺§˻˯
˸ո£˭û˯⣬̺̲ס˵ˣ˵ȥյĶѾʰòˣȥ糯ʱ㲻ȥۣûʲô©ģ
һû̺ţǵ̫һЩΪƣ̺ڻһЩ
ɾûģȥ˵
ĵûУƽʱϰʱǰѳ/ǹɡ̺ϸĥһ£û뵽ʲôرҪĶ
һ˵ãǵˡ
¾ˣֲ˵ˣϮ̺ȴٱ
ڽϵַֻ·׾پܽ榵ϸס
ƽ˯ʱò࣬ɽôһأ;ø֮£´ڽϵֻԽԽȣڳϸ
ο榱§ڻȵĺȫԼϡ
̺ʱһֽѵĸо
ûҪϵһһ̺꣬һԳ
ԽԺڿҪ˯ŵʱͻȻϵֻֽһЩҪȼƺʲô
û̺ţҲװֿ
榺һͣ˲˹
̺榵Լһ䡣
ϵҲһЩ͵͵˵ˣ˯ɡ
ɳѹ֣/
榼޹ʱ򣬾Ѿ̹Щˣ榲᲻ס
̣ȣ榺ˡ
Ҷ̺Ҳȼ䱻ֵܣҲĪĺ¡
榼ǵֻֽ̹Ҫȥᣬͻȥ
ɽȴù˺þãԷû˿Ҫȥ˼
ڹĻһ̺⣺ɾ㡭
ƫƫ˯ԺֽҪ˵Ļȥ
̺һ٣Լϻˡ
ȥ侲侲ֲ֪ô˵ǶѽΪޣԷк/Ѿòˡ
̺⽫ͷȥǼڽ榵̫ѨλãȻһ
榽һҲҶ
ʱ̺ɿ˽榣õƿƵ˵ˣЪ£ҳȥ硣
ŬĴӺＷһ֣á
˹Ҳָ糣ˣѰ䵭Į̺ȴýҪ
Ҫˡ
̺ߵʱ˳ֵȼ˴ߵһյûȼ΢΢谵齾ͱһЩ
Եһߣ榶ʱһһƽ˴ϣȻͻȻ̧ס˫գ̵ġ
ǰû飬ô
תһ룬ֵ̺Ѫյ䣬Ҫǲǳ⣡
榽ӸǹͷһαҲȥˣδ϶ֹһΣˣֱζӳµġ
ǳԤϵģʹ榷žôһ⣬Ϊҹ˯ˣ˭ԼڱžȻ˯˹ȥ
Ӣڹ̺΢΢Ŵˣվڴ߿ŴѾ˯˵Ľ榣ﾡ޲ɫ
ת˳ϴ̨һӲ˲ϵˮգȻ˳˷ȼյ
һϵк˴
˯ǺܰģҲûҶϰߣ̺ϰԵ뽫ڿһ£뵽ողŷ飬ĲԼջ֣ȴ榵ߴսһЩ
һҹ̺˺ܶ컨׹Ρ
.
̺ñƽʱһ춼Ҫ磬ʱ߶͸ˡ
Ƹױʱ˵̺һȥϰˣñƽʱ˰ʱȻȥĹ
ͻ飬ɫԵĻһ£ڰûó
ੲݵܼѾʰˣһȥ𣿡
ӦʱҲһΣȥǻ˺öࡣ
ƷվȻȥսҹѣʱͻȻȵʣˣմأ
榿һۣҲûǵĶˣͶ԰˵ǵĶȥˣúҡ
æǡ
Ȱҵ˷ţˣ׼׵ۿǷȫȫūͽװˡ
ֻö԰˵Ȳˣȥ׼ˡ
ҲֻգŽ뿪ˡ
.
һֽУʲô·ϾĵĶ˺ܶ࣬û̺ǰѳ/ǹʣһѺӧǹأ
幧˵ǰѳӧǹܹжģѾжװˡ
Ȼ˽榾ûжʵˣ˵ͷֽ˻ȥʱͻȻ䲻˵ˣ۰ҲҪ۰С
һۣȷʵƵĸо˵ЩȴģڶԳأ榻ǵ˵ͷӦš
˵ת뿪ˣں漱ææ׷
ѾߣľǲԹɫɫãȻǱĻǵˣԱ߽˵ˣϹܼˣ˵ȷʵȴǺõģҪȥ
һɫȴûлͺöࡣ
ҵķΪʲôˣȥ޷·ϣ̺ͻȻ˳
һӾӿͷ榵Ĳ˲ɢתһ΢΢εģ
Ƿĺ
̺˻֣ʾ£ƾĺ˳ȥ
ɾˡɫ
̺ЦЦźɫĹٷһɫɴñЦʱзȣ˵ġ
һΪʲô̺ͽƽʵ
ҡҡͷǾҲʲô£ֻԼûס
ɾЩȥѣҪˡ榴ߴһתƻ⡣
̺⵹Ҳû˵ˣҲûȥ·صĶԽ˵ˣȲʥϽŵʲô
榿ϲģ֪һк£ɾֱ˵µõ
̺ٺһЦҲŵһ˵ģ˵ܹԲ֮£͸һµ壬˵ȥĶȥĶ
ȷʵǺܲĽںĲ飬Ц̺⣺ɾ˴ֻ֣һˣ
ҲһϢɣʥϻ˳еȥȥҪԼǲòȥ쵽ʱȥ˻ֻ˵Щ٩ζЩ뷢Ц
ȻҪ˵ʱ˻Żææ˽ﻹһֽţܱߺ̺⣺
һ뿴˹ȥ
һһ˹ҾȻ˵ˣ˵컹һλҪͬȥա
˵ͽֽʸ̺⡣
̺еѾ˭Ըȥˣֽ̯һȻ
л˵
˽衣Ʒ϶糯
ӡְСʱ
.

̺⣺νһҹϾĬĬϻ𡭡
.
²ŮȥĶ
.
ԤġѪر֮󡷡ɳţŮ͸Ѫֵӡ
楋OԼܳˣԴϸˤһӺ;Լϣһ֡⻷
ͶԼҳͬһطʱܻһƽˤʮǵˤԼҵĻ
ֻһ£ȻŻѪˣ
ȫͶԼҶһ㵵Ŀ
楋OѪڵĽͣǰιûҪ˵˼
߾Ϊ˷ֹ͵ضȶɣЬٰϵĶȥ͵
ȻǽˣûôһǽΪý楋O֣ˣ
.
ʵɣ⻷ҲһôϷʱΪˤһӹ˵Ϻ´ˣȻȫϷʡ˹á
ٱɣ楋Oԩˣʡ˹ѩķá
پ
楋OĻл
.
ǸԼޣΪȦ֮Ҳ˺ͽ楋Oǧ˿ƵĹϵ
̨ͬʱ򣬽楋OСĴ׸ߵĵطˤȥԺ֮ʣŸϹĶԼҵ֣ѵĽҸ˵ޣҿҪʧˣֻգࡰλ¼ҿһܴ̼ͻõġ
ޣ˵ʲô
Ȼ楋OͽҽԺΪЪʧ䡣
ްŰɵĵ㿪ֻܴ࣬󣬽楋Oָ䣬ҽ˵ҽѧ漣
楋Oлл㡣
.
ٱݵʱһ̼˽楋O
÷ƣȻ˵ޣݿҪˣ׼ҵ´绰
ޣ
һ룬ݼ׹æ˼Ծȣ楋OҲ˵绰ʮ
άԱݴû£û뵽ˣô侲˿ɲˣ
楋O˶Ҫ˺
.
Ϊ˷ֹˤϵĹ⻷楋OÿζޣȻǧ㲻粻㣬һҪĲɷûϣ΢иһµĽ楋OΪһˤˣԼһˡ
楋O㲻Ҫ
ãȻ㣿ã
⣬ΪӵֹѪ⻷ˣˡ
楋O
ˣֱˣ
楋OõҵȦģټ
Ȼ˿
˵ˣأǸƵǿ¶ûϣ
أǰOO̫ɰˣˤ˶ѣȻ޽£ء
Ķôɺϣమĳ̶ˣȻͳɺ~

.

1.1v1˫࣬ȦɳСģhe
2.ŮѪ⻷~ҲӲοǲ~
3.Ƹ֮ʵΪȻ֣Һͱ̫׽˶ѡ


25 
̺ɫͻȻѿ, üһʣɾļҴҪȥ
̺⽫ֽ׫ģȻԽһº͵Ц, ʶĲý֪, ֪ԼԽؾǲƭ
̾һӳɡ
ֵ榾, ʣôȥ
̺ҡҡͷ, Ҳ֪
治֪, Ҫһȥʥ϶֪, ӳɾ͸֪ˣôӳȥ֣
榾ȵ, ӳǼĶӣһĹٳֻǰյĻӦǲġ
Ҳû, Ͼӳȥ, Ҳͬ·϶һѡ
Ȼˣ컹ҪܴһС榵̺˵
̺ǧԸ⣬Ҳ֪ʥϼȻרŴŸ˵, Ȼӳɡ
һ, ־Լ榵̬һ£ɫ͵»á
榿̺ģᴽɾ, ȥŰɡ
, Ȼ̺ĻΪһ, ԭȺ˵ԼϲӳɣӳɴЩƫ벻Ҳɫѿ
̺ɫȻӺͽ榶˵ˣΪʲôˣţ
榼ʵȥˣҡҡͷû
𣿡̺ʣ۾·Կ̽ģѽ榵˼һ
򴽣̺۾
۲죬̺˵ô˵ҲӦȽ𾴵ĳߣԭֻ̺ΪѰˣο壬ֻеʱ̫ܵˡ
ڱСʵûҪ
ģƽ޲ʱ̺;ãϸˡ
̺Цȴ˽֣Ҳ֪Լʵýˣ榲Ը˵Ļȥǿ
ãǲ˵ˣȥɡ̺ȥ榵֣˫ڳĴ±ñġ
ܳü޲˲һƯǴӦ̺ȥ
ͻȻ̺ڰ粻Ƣ
̺ǰߣں濴̺ߴıӰǰ·̺ͣ
Сĵ㣬̨ס̺ͣý̨׵ʱһЩ
һϸСﷺһһԽԽԶԽԽᣬе˱ȻǲɫģҲˮһ
.
ӳɣʲô˼㵽ʲô˼
ܸ
ԺܴԺ·Σм价һѵһɽһ鷿ûſڣī
ﰲ־ףһŮ˼ž
鷿ӳڣſڴҲֻǶһϵĶͼԼȥҪõĶˡ
޵Ľɫ·ƿ˷ţȲڷﻶϲϲױӳ糯һţȴĲˣȥգ
ʥߵĽһ֪ʥָ̺ͽ榶ȥ֣ӳɻˣ˵ҲҪȥûɺϵ£
ϵױûþ˹ú˳ˡ
ӳ̧ۿһۣȻޱļĶȴ˵̬
ӳɣش⣬ΪʲôҪȥգʱͲں̬ˡ
ΪǷӼҲˣյֺأֵ꼾ûȥֻٲӳɰľڰһֽչϣȻëʿʼдʲô
ȦɣŲǣΪҲҪȥҲȥ׷ȥģ
񣡡ӳɸëʣüͷ̧ͷ˫º͵ﾹװŭͲ
ӳڶŵһ¡
Ҳ֪˵СҪȥյģһ᲻ãαȥӳȥֻҪһǹյİգһҪ̺˵ƷоΡ
ίί˵Ҹ׸ҵģ˵ʥľ
ӳǰְ̧ޱߵ鷢˶Ȼ˵Ҳ˵ˣ榲ȥġ
һ¡
ӳɵ˵ͷ
׷ʣô֪
ӳȻ˻˵ΪǶǿѨ磬˵ˣѼˣȢޣǸɸɾˣݲҥԺм䡣
ǲĻģɶԷ˫۾Ǹɾˡ
㲻Ҫƭҡ񰲾һ˿
ӳְ½󣬲仰˵Ҫע̬ʲô¶ʧ̬֪𣿡
ԹԵĵ˵ͷ
ӳָɢڼϵһͷ˵Ժͷ˰ɣҲÿ
ʣΪΣϲɢ𣿡
˵ĸҲ̷ģο̷ҲÿӳɶְһͷϵΡ
΢΢һЦãġ
ţȥϴɣ֬ûĨȡӳ˵
㽿Ķӳ˵ǷĨһ°ɣ
ӳüЦȻӦһְ̧֣ĨĿ֬Ĩˡ
뿪鷿ĲҲɢ˺öࡣ
뿪ԺӣӳɾʹӻһȻü޲ɫĲ˲Լ֣תͽӽ˷ֽ
ͷһϵһĨ죬̧ܣָһϻͣˡʫ档
ֶһ˿
ӳһֻɫĺƺ뵽ʲôõĻ䣬ﴽЦЦ˳ְ̯ġʫϣתͽ˻
ǡʫ̯ҳϣż֣¡
ع𣚣ں֮ޣŮӺϡ
.
ڶ峿ɫ磬ҹĺⲢδɢ榴һ׳Ȱ׽֯Ľȹһɫñ񣬶ǵ׹ɫ÷˳
Ÿղʯ·ϣֻúӽŴļ䣬
̺䣬榴ĳ/ǹСܵ˽榸ǰ
ñ˷һЩˮĴӶͷ£΢䱻ߣ/ø߸ߵģ¶ֱ۸űĺգǿ׳
һκˮ˳üۻ˳ߵϣͭɫļµ⡣
榾ӭʱ򣬴Щů⣬Χĺȫɢˡ
ˣɫ磬ô˯һ̺ǰʡ
ſͻȻսһԷŴȵĺϣͻȻе졣
ҪȥգӦЩģȻ̫ȵûˡŤͷ͡
̺Ҳеվֱ˵ǷܵҲȥ·׼ˡ
榵˵ͷÿ·
̺Цڽ榵ͷȻһ߽ߣ/ӷһת뿪ˡ
榾̺ʱһһĪΪ̺վǰʱԼЩ
ʵƭ̺⣬ߵĸԭԼ̺һͬ뿪ʱ˿ˣȻᴫУԽ榶ԣȻԽ֪Խˡ
ԭغһɫ糣̧뿪
.
ڵʱ򣬽榸оԼһĻңָоϤ
Ȼ榾Ŵ̺ǰĺ˳üͷһǵĿŽ榡
üأ࣬ʹࡣ
ˣҪȵˮ𣿡̺üͷеʡ
ҡҡͷǶڳϸ̺˲ǡ
ԭǾЩĻţ֪ԼΪʲôĻţֻûʧĸоĥ˺һʱ䡣
ո̤һ˲ĻŸǿңΪҪȥ£򲻵ѶΪ֮ģϾǣȥ˹һˡ
ŵģӦǺ̺һͬȥµĶԴ
ˣûвȥɣ̫ʱģֻ뿪ϾǲС
̺⵱ʹ㽫̽ȻȥѰ򣬵榾ͺԤϣס̺䣬ͷȻ˵ɾء
Щ鸡ҲǶϡỨ
ˣ̺ۡⵥϥڽǰ˵ơ
ҡҡͷۣܴˡӦ쵽ˣȥ֮²ɵ飬ʥϼȻǽȥôϾǶһ춼
̺ⷺۿ˵ɾҪס
̺⽫ϲ˲䣬ĬãżѵĴӺＷһ֣á
ļʱֻһĹԼĪȥһСһЩҪ˵泵ʹ˽ܴ˵ˡ
˾ߣҲ֪ĥʲô̺鲢ã޴ҵйĿڣֻͷԼ˵һЩ
榰ִ̺˳ȻС˵ɾٽ׵һЩҪȥݼߡ
ʲô̺ⲻҲûȥѧȥݼӳɡ
̺Щ޶ԣֻһɾ
˵ϲ˵Խ榶ӳɵ˽⣬ȻЦЦ͹ȥˣӳǼǳˣⲻὫ¼ϣպ̺£׼侮ʯ
ֶ࣬
̺̾ϢһŽ榵ɫںһЩŻ˵ˣȥȥͻأúϢ
˵ÿ°榿ϣ˵Ķ
̺ͿӳһЦӯӯ
鷳ǰȥһû˵ܴˡ
ӳҲһȻװɨһۣ˵˳Զţ˲ͣ
̺ⲻ֪Ҳȥˣ˵ӽ˴磬͵ǰֹˡ
ӳµЦȥǫ
ˣôˣǳɡӳתԼȥ
̺ƳһۣҲ
ɫЩĿ߽ʣɾƭ
С˵ôҡͰ
̺ס뵽榲ϲֻ
Ǹ˿ڣͰûз𣿡
Цһ£ЩΣǵվô
Ǹ⣬̺ĥһ£һ˵Ǿ˵ΪĲң͵͵ǰ棬Ҳ֪Ǻʲôˡ
榱ˣЦһ£ǡ紺ϸ磬һָо
̺⻹壬Իһת˵˽ˣ𣿡
ҡҡͷˣѳϰߡ
շģҪ˵ϴδ֮ҹļͻǴǱȽġ
˵ļĲԽԽܿأ˭Ҳ֪ԺôӦԽԽã̸ֻס
̺ͷѽ榵ַ˴ߣƫһƫͷǵ˽榵ֱ
ֻ类һգ̵ָɿȾ˱ЩŮޢҪĺΡ
õģһҵҽκġ̺͵͵ģƵģȴĵ˵
ü۲˼֣΢΢ʹõ˰˾ư˺ܾá
ʻúƽȣܰʱ·ȴ˺Щ̷
ȴڲ֪Ľһ׳ϣӴ˸Ĳǲʹĥ
л˵
ȡԡʫ硷еġ¡䡣
ԭʫ
ߡ
ع𣚣ں֮ޡ
ŮӺϡ
βˣ֮
Ů֮
֮ã˼
գշתࡣ
βˣҲ֮

̺⣺ۡ

ҳɱǸԽŮ(ŮʹԽŮ֮Ľ)̲衷(̲ܵܲΪӪ)Ѫر֮(Ȧ)(ɳţŮ͸֮֮ĹѪճ)ղء~kiss~



26 վ
Ͼǵյ·̲̫, ԼĪȥʱ
ڼ佪һֱڿ飬̺ⶢŽ榿˺ܾãԽǰٿ, ȴ, ̺۾ɬ
̺˹ȥ, ĸ, ӯӯϸ, ޹ǡ
榽һ, ̺һЩȥ, ȻʣⱾ齲ʲô
ٹ𡷣һڹԱְӦΪĢ١榰ݸ̺⣬Ȼ˵ɾǵÿգҲԿ
̺˹, ⱾѾܾ, ƺ˺ܶˡ
ʣˣ㾭Ȿ𣿡
ҡҡͷͷϵι׹ȴ˿
Щ길ٺ, Ͷ࿴Ρ榽͵
̺׷׻Ǻ榵Ĳѧ, ֻ˻Ȼ̯飺Ҳɡ
榴Ȿ顷˱ضģ̺ȴôĹ֪֮Ȿ, ˵ҲԹ, Ҿʥ, Ҳͦġ
΢΢һȻ̺˵ɾʵһ޻
̺ⷭĵһҳֳʶһ£Ȼ󲻿˼ʽ榣Ϳܿ飿
ΪԼɫĻӦȻǣӲ˵ѡ
̺ⱻģ֣Ц˵Ķв㣬㣬ָҿʱһӣҾҪˡ
ɾҪġ榱һҲЩá
̺⽫ٹͷȻͷ¶ͻĺͷߡ
ͻȻƳ̺ĺᴦһŲ۵Ѫ룬ȷʵۣɫǰɫ̺ɫƫͭɫںλãϸ
͵ҡҷ̺ϵǿѪӳ˳
Ƴۿһ¾ͲɫջĿ⡣
Ȼ´һģﵹǻࡣ
濴ʱ׽Լ⣬ע⵽Χ£̺⽫̯ϣ˫ȣ˫ֱصĿ˯Ҳ֪
ǽ榲ȵ̧ͣͷͿ̺˯졣
ĶһЩÿһԵĳ棬ԭǵһվ
ƹˣ䵽ˡ
΢΢ȥصã֪ˡ
˵̺⣬̺ⲢûҪ˼ԥһ£ǰȥĳ˳̺䣬Ļɾɾ
վˣҪȥԿڲ𣿡ʡ
̺Ѿתѣֽ̧ϵȻ󲻹ܲ˵ľͽֻ˽ϸ֫ϣȻͽȥ
Ӧͱ̺˱ۼ䣬ŵһʶȥ̺ļ硣
ȴ˿
ɾһЩ
̺һ
ˣõʲô¶û뵽̺ͻȻЩ
һ㶣û¶ֻżѬ㡣
Ѭ㡣̺˵Ϊ˯ʱ򣬽Ҳζ
£һЩɾɿ֡
ϵֹȻɿˡ
̺ͷȥ˫ϡ
ˣ߰ɡһԡ
榵ıΣҭ
̺˵ȥ
榵˵ͷ
ӳҲ濴̺ⷭȻ̽ȥƿ˳ƺҪ
ʵ̽һֻ֡
ֻȵش̺ϣӳšüǡ
榴˳ǡϸ棬榶ǰ鷢΢ɰɫĻ֡
̺Ĳ£ȵ
վӣ̧ͺӳɶϡ
ӶԷ￴˾ȣϲ
ò΢΢һͷ
ӳҪǰ̺Ჽһ͵˽ǰȻ˵ܴˡ
ӳɵһͷ˽榣Сʲôʱģ
̺ҪҪԼ˵ȥ榾ִڸ΢΢ǰС벽ȻǷǷ˵ǰ岻ʣûʧ֡
µġӳɽĻء
Ȼ׷ʣС岻ʣôˣ
̺һ㣬޴󰭡
˵̬ȡ
̺ҲʱڣܴˣȽȥܷˡ
˵ͷȥǣ榵֣վȥ
ƫͷ̺ѿɫ˴ǡ
Цʲô̺ɫһЩҲ˺öࡣ
ҡҡͷɾȥŰɡ
ӳɿ˵ıӰɫԽԽ䣬ӵסճȭֱ
ˣҪ𣿡һԸŵļū̽ʡ
ӳƳһۣ᲻һ͸̺ǡ
.
վ˹⿴λĴž֪ǴϾĴ٣ڨЦӭȥλϾģ·𣿡
̺˵ͷʲôĲˣϰɡ
ϡ佫ϵİ˲Ƕǰӡ
ӳûʲôһº͵Ц
ˡ¶һº͵Ц
ЦǺǵ׼ܵȥæסȵȡ
תһ񣬡ʲôԸ
λҪʲôɡ֪̺ĿζĲˣԼĿζԣӳˣҲûҪ
ӳЩȣ˰֣˵˼ϲ˰ɡ
ȥ
榺̺Ⱔģӳɣֻý榾Щڡ
Ȳ˵ʱ䣬ôҲǻ£ӳɾȿڴ˼žһţǾͽ£ͨա
Ϊʲôúõȥʲô̺Ⲣ⡣
ӳζĿһۣȻ榣˵СӦ֪
һ˲̺ͻȻ/һ£һִĵȻıĬӿͷ
ҡ֪ҡҡͷ̺Ȼһ£ƫͷ榡
ӳô˵ȻΪȷԽ榵ѧʶһ֪⣬ȴû뵽榴װͿȻҡͷ˵֪
򴽣ЦһҲǣĳŪˡ
Ϊվǵ䱸ܺãֻ˹վأᱻ֮˶ϣ鷳ӳɽ˵
̺ȻˣЩֵ˵ܴõܵ
ӳһڲ裬ż˵СͬڻԺѧʱӦƵģʹټαա
˽һ֪Եɣֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪѡ
üë΢΢һ£ӳɣҲѧǳҲѰˣҲ𣿡
ӳҲЦһɴĵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
ǰĵһ⵽˽ҲŲһһ
ٷǰ̺ⷸӳǰͽװʲôɵķޣһ榲ϲҲǿģ˶֪
Ǳֿʼ·ˣҲ任̺ͨһεıҲû໪ĳֻǹľϡ
񻻳˸׵ģص̾һˣҪȥɣҪһ룬»ܡ
ɾҲҪô𣿡榲ʡ
̺̲ס̧ͷһƨƤʮҲµģ
л˵
١ٹ/׫дһᵽǵ Դ԰ٶȣвָ 

̺⣺Ŀ
.
ºдọ̈ΪȥҽԺŻ~
򲹻Ӵ~


27 ˼
̺Ļ֪ô˽, ̲סЦݸЦüۼ䶼Ц, Ҳʱ, Ҳɢˡ
Цʲô̺ͿҪˡ
ɫ˵ɾ˵̫Цˡ
̺ⰫŽ榵۾, ȻǿЩ, ܹΪҲࡣ
Ҳֿķʣɾ㲻𣿡
ǵȻǣ̺һЩ, ȴѹõ͵͵ġ
Ǿ߰, һҪʱˡָһ³̺
̺ջЭˣ͸ڽ, ӳɵȴ˹
С㣬ĳͻһ䣬վض꣬ʪ, һ᲻, ӦûؼҾΪáȥΪ榿ǡ
̺ճȭתԣӳʵڹ̫ܵˣ, ģһЩ
Ҫ, æס䣬ȻǰС벽ӳǷǷлܴ˹ģҲûʲô󰭡
ӳɲ, С֪һ¶ʲôо
ӳ, ҵķûжȻȥ, ҾͻᾡˣûȰ˵̺ĳ
̺վӳǰ߱˲٣Ҳ㣬·һҪȥӳһȭˡ
ӳЦһϵıηĳͻ
˵תԼȥ
榿ıӰ֪뵽ʲô
ɾϳ榵ͷȹת̺ȻӳɣҲὫ˴ĲˣǹԹԵ
ЩĲɣ̺һͷˡ
̺榾˵𣺡ɾһҪԶӳɡ
ˣôˣ̺ɫԣæе
˼ǧŻ̺⣬ԹԼ˵ӳɴգҲΪյ顣
̺ʣ˺γԣ
죬һֹ˵ӳǼжӣøĸ谮ֻǰգĸ͹˹صġ
ʵġ
ӳɹգֻģʥƵ̺⣬ʥģӳɶԼȥԤ֮Уֻ˵߹Լȥա
벻ڶˡ
ΪԼˣڶһΪԼڸ
ӳҲһôġ
˵ԼҲΪԼ޸̺⡣
˼١
˵飬ҲΪ̺ҲʲôҲѾѵһˣȻҲһͨˡ
˵ͷ
Ǿͺá̺ȴһ
üǲ⡣
̺ǰȥͷ˽榼ϣȻ󺬺˵Ϊǳء
üһͣ˵ӳɶ̬ƺȷʵһЩ
ˣһЩˡ̺˵
á榵˵ͷ
̺ͻȻӣһȻģЩ˵뵽һ㣡
榿ĺġ
̺˵ˣɵˣҲ᲻֪ڳепܶյλӣ£Ȼ£Ǿֻˣ
ײģ̺⾹Ȼ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô˵ײΪȴº£ĻӣϾǸλֲֻм̳Ȩ
Խ榾Щͬ˵ɾ˵úеȻˣɾ͸ҪСźá
ȵ˹գҾͽȥĸլаãȻļҰβС̺Ѿｪ˺顣
ʣɾһ𣿡
̺ܸˣȻҪһģҴ˴ջҪ񰡣ҳϴ־ûʲôʱܺһˡ
ɾעˣһ£Գ͢һֲ£Σܴ֣㲻ҪӴͬ˵
ΪԼǣ̺ȻǷǳ˵ģصĵ˵ͷ˵ˣİɣһģ
򴽣˵ȻӳնһǻȥģǾһ£ⷽͬһ̽֡
̺ⲻӳɵĲŻܹа취Ľ£ԼҲԹԡ
֪Ҳˣϲô¿Цģ̺ظ֤Ƶ˵
ȴɻ󣬡ʲôˣ
̺ΪΪԼǻṫ˽֣Ὣ˽ϵˣ榵ķӦƺûǸ˼
ܸ˽榲ô
û£ˡ̺ø۽һ
̾Ϣһľ̺˵ɾһҪǵá
̺һЦ֪ģˡ
ѾѰ·Ŀռ䱾Сˣ̺ýһЩѩһ¡
ߵ飬̺˵ɾ£˯һ
̺ȴȥʣģ
ȻζģҲЩ£ֻӲͷƤ˵ͷȻǡ
ǺãҾ˯ˣһվٽҡ˵һɣȻȽͷ˽榵ϡ
榻һٿʶĺɾ
̺ȴĵı˫ۣںƣڵ˵ˣлл㡣
㶮òӣý޻˵
һʱûӦ̺⿡ʵ˯գɬıۡ
ֽ̯ýĿ̺
̺۽榣⻨Ǯһͷ榵Խûʹֻ̺ŪĲɡ
˵Ѿȷˣ̺ϲġ
ȻҲ֪̺ϲϺδı˵ģЩȴ̺һЩĹۡ
̺ܺྴһӣӦҪ̺ڳ͢ĵλȹ
Ҿڿʥ϶ȷʵǿ̺⣬׷׻Ϊ̺ļҾûһϣ̺ӣ̺վ£֪
º֮䣬ѡ˭ԡ
ȻˣӦڳǶ֮⣬ѡʵǸѡ
֪ѾҪӰ»ˡ
Ͼȥ´ʮ꣬ȫΪǸӣǸѾʮˣ֮޷ôѡǳӢ١
鵭Įɫɫķһҳ顣
ϾĴ㣬ҲԼʽ˻ˮ
޷뿴̬ȣǲǷҪԼһ
.
̺ⲻǴˣʹ۾ȴźܶ顣
ȴҲܴôоһЩؼ飬罪ʲô֪
ܶ˶ڳ͢һǴѧڡ
ƺǵãҵҲƣһ˴ƴģû֮ǰԲɽҪƵС
ǣ˶Ҳˡ
ǧ򲻸ã뽫ǣ
л˵
ٳĵһӣ޼̳ȨĳΪӡ


28 
һ·ԡ
榿ŵ, ü΢˯ðȵģʶ׼̺ü帧ȥ, ȴͣߡ
ǿŲ۵Ѫ, ƺԽЩ
ǡ
.
쵽һվʱ򣬾Ѿ, ̺֮ǰ˹, , ָֻȡ
ĿռֻǶ˵ֵһЩ, ΢΢ȣֽÿһЩ, ܽ硣
ָһ˻
̺ס֣ʣôˣ
еȡ榽Լȹ̫С̫ˡ
̺⣺Ȱ, ƿ˷, ȾϷ纮ˡ
榵˵ͷûһӣȵͣ
溰, ˫䵽ˡ
˫, վܵվˡ
̺վȴΪСЩֻͽ˵ˣҹ, һðƸ㻻һĶ
Ͳ, ̺, ߴθԵխޱȣһӣȻɫһ֡
̺תȥ
ԺһԵİ˵ȥһһĶ¸ˡ
ǷǷװȥ
ʱһɫĺ
̺˹Ȼ󽫳ƿԽ˵ˣɣҷ㡣
̺̽ȥס̺ҲĽ¸ȥ
ӳǲԶɫ鸴ӵĿŶˡ
յϾҪλٵ飬Ѿӭ˳
ʧԶӭţλү롣俴ȥԼĪʮ꣬һʵģҲܶغЦʱмָࡣ
̺Ž榣˵Ǹ·ˣڿкòˣ
ͷȻȻϾյ˼λүҪЩþƺźλү
·£һ˱ݡ
ҲʰúܸɾԺвӲݣԺǵúǲ졣
ü΢΢Ĵݡ
ɾ榵̺һ̺æѶչȥ
榾ͺС˵˴ЩԾɾý
̺Ҳ˵ͷ˽榵Ķ䣬Ҳá
˲ԼͬĶһۣȻɫ糣ĸ߽ڡ
λүʲôȥЦǺǵʡ
̺ζĿһۣȻ˵ò˱ϾУʣµľ͵Ǯˡ
˵ʹӻһӷϡ
۷Ź⣬æӴ˻ȻڨЦλүԵȣȥˣ
˵ȥ
ӳɸ榵һˮȻԼˮʱֽ̺ǰǱˮ˵ϣӳŭû˵ⱭӲܻȾණ
ӳﴽĳǲˡ
û鿴˵һ̨Ϸ̤ݾ;ûڣָñ˺öࡣ
̺ע⵽榵ĲԾʶȥס榵֣Ĵͷ
æеʣˣôˣ
ܾáԾ˵ĸܡ
̺ҲûݵĲԾֻǷӦûнôԣϾںЩǰѰˡ
ӳŲ豭˿Ĳˮ˵СĵĲ޵
˴ݲ֮ǰһɵúܴ󣬶ǰʮضûسǣճ͢ƶȣ˴Ӧ䱸䡣ӳ赭д˵
榵˵ͷϿĻ˼
ӳǵЦЦ
̺ƳһۣԽ˵ˣ£ڵġ
һĿ˿档
ĺɫɭɭˣݷ·һ̵ķϹݡ
ѻϷ˲ʵĽԼԼģԶƺҰ޵˻
ŵæ˽һЩȻʣ⡭ʲôڽа
ɫӲ԰һЩ
Ҫ£һҹеĺ񣬻ᷢҰ޵ĽרŹ·˵ġ̺⹴˹榵ָתע
İһЩ̺۾˵ͷ
ʱͽ˶һʳ￴ȥζɿڣǳʳ
ӳɺͽ榶Щԥ̺⣬һûһȸ榼˺òˡ
˶ЩζĿ
̺ЦЦһŽ˽ĳ԰գڳʳ涯ֽš
ӳʣο϶
㵹ֻ飬ǰֻţǴӲδе£ǵνأ̺ⷴʡ
һһŮһкܶأӳЩŭ
ַ̺Цһ˵Ҹ϶һһĸ֣ʹһԸʮӲҲڻ¡
˵䣬ȴһſڵĳ
̺˵ûеôһ˵ӳԼİһЩ
̺Ž˵Ҫ£ҡ
榵˵ͷһָ̺һˣ˵Ҫ˷ôһóԵģҰĳ԰ա
ˣ˲ſʼӡ
ڼ̺ðȥͰˮ
ԱҲ˷䣬ӳɺͶ˵ķţ̺ҪȥʱͻȻӳ˵ܴˣˡ
˵ͻȻԺȥȿһ㣬ӳɫ˲١
̺üȻӽŹϣһǳɣӳȴ޿κΡ
.
ˮźԡ̺͸磬ɫ䣬ƺʲô
ʱӳͻȻҲӷˣ̺⣬ЦһôԡΪɷ򣬻Ҫӣ
Աˮʱ
̺Ҳʾ˻ȥն˯Ҳһʱ
Ȼ˵꣬ӳɫֺһȡ
ʱͻȻյú͵˶æ񣬡λ˺á
̺ǰȻϾһģǰֻʮѹȸУ̧˲ǵĺ
ֲ̺ϣԵһ˿мֵһ̧ӸµĿ˵磬治ɣ
֣ûûУɾˣĶ
̺Цһ˵ҷǳϣʲôŵϢ
Ȼλү͵Ƶġ˵սսĽú͵Ƶ
̺ϸĶú͵ƣȻȻһЦֽһյ˵лˡ
ллⶼСĸġ䲻ͣӸԼ
̺ŵתӳһۣӳҲʾǰȥӹһյú͵ƣȻ˵л˼ҡ
䱻̺ŵòˣӳɽӹú͵ƺʹҴҵ¥
ӳԱ˵ôˣ㲻⣿
̺Ƴһۣ㲻Ҳӹˣ
ǲǿ㡭ӳס졣
̺һΪҽӹˣ
ӳ
ʱº͵ڴ˳ɾɡ
̺ϣҽ
˵ͳӳüصȥˡ
ӳɵյÿ죬Ҳŵƻݡ
ڷú͵ƷϣϨ˻𣬵оɢɫ̡
.
̺⽫ú͵ƹһԣһ߸ԼͷһʣɾĶĵƣ
ġ̺ǰӹ˽ӣǳȻİ΢΢ʪͷȻص
΢΢üġ
Ҫ£û⡣̺ο˽榻һ
ɾЩԡɣɫЩЪ¡榽̺˻Ȼߴ˵
ԡͰλøһŴģڴҲǿߵģ̺ͽȥ˹
Ȼ̺˵ЩЪ£ϴ
榵˵ͷ·ϡ
¸߹ңҹ
̺ϴѾ˯ˡ
۹ŵú͵ƣЦһȻϴȥӵŽ˯ˡ
л˵
Ҿҿȸҷǧٷǧ~
.
ҳɱǸԽŮ(ŮʹԽŮ֮Ľ̲衷µ̲ܵ㣩1Ѫر֮(Ȧ)(ɳţŮ͸֮֮ĹѪճ)ղ~~kiss~



29 
ϾڻҰеһ, Բ̣Ұ޻û⸽
ǺХҹ, ĹεĻ̻, ͻȻһϤϤ, ƺкüˡ
̺Ƶ, Ľ˯úܰ, Сɵ, µ٣㲻Ⱦκ֬, ҲܿóϾ°˶Ǵꡣ
ƫͷյڿ֧ŵú͵ƣоѾҪȼˣԽԽСĪ͸¶һİĹܸС
̺˴, ת, ȻԼһڼϣ̧ŲȥյƵĵĻš
ú͵ƵԡͰߣϴˮδ, ȻҲΪġ
Ľִ, Ȼú͵Ƶı΢΢һбͽú͵ˮоҲŹ˽ȥ
ˮ淢һΪġ̡󣬾ͳȥ
, ƶúȫ
Ҳ֪ӴЩ, ̺ޱߵ鷢, һİҫ£Ե˫ҰһȺݡ
ʱĶƺһЩԼԼģƺСŸڵķ䱻ˡ
̺⳶˳ǣ̧˴ߣÿʸ潪榽ǵʵһЩ
Ȼ¡
ŵظԼһѾĲˮȻǰʳָմմĲˮָȥ
дˡ𡱵֣Ȼдˡָ
ֵָ·˵㣬Ȼʳָմ˵ˮϺݺݵĻһ
һմķ·ǲˮǴɱ¾֮Ѫۡ
ΪǵĴŮˣеȥԼںˣҲҪԼǸסˡ
ûãѾûκζˣ
̺վϵĨȥȻ˳ȥ
Ҳúܣ̺⿴һԱߵݣŴ󳨣Ѳɷʲô
ߵıϣӸµĿ¥£񷿵ĵƴȼӳӰһŮŽһ˵Ĳӡ
̺˴¥˲񷿡
.
˵ĵżҹ£һ˴ˣǱְӣͷϹ˲ٲʡ
ŮӽָǸ䣬ŵɫ԰ף˶߶µģˮֹҲֹסĴӶͷ
̺ЦһɴֵͳŮæսת̺⹧ıȭݼ
ôˣ̺⿴һ۰ƣɫʵ
ϥ£ūʧɱһ
̺ƺȣӰϴѪζȻŵ˵ġ
ˣüʡ
ƴͷɾˡ
š̺еĵһͷʳָʾȻпſϣ˫ֱ۽ǰſѣ洩һ°ɫ¡
ȥмִүģ
ǸŵÿҪιȥ˵̧һ°ͣ˵˵ɣʲôʲôݣ
ӷȴ̺ʱüĳµ䲱ϡ
ŵòг߶µ̧ӲϻҺ壬Ȼ̯һѪ
ƵĽһյãֻƤ
ŵҪг̺ȴ˵ҷ˯˯һǳҪĹгҲ֤ͷס
˵ǲ᲻صĻȴɱڵġ
ֻ첻סĵͷҳһ
ʻʲô֣һƺ͵ֵøһЩϿһ˿һɱ˵Ĺߡ
˫Ͷ״һš
СĽʮģǡ⸽ɽկʮĵҡʮĺĪôҲû뵽СĹﾹȻһʮǶˡ
̺Цһԭأ
صصءؽŵġʮĽͰ͵Ļء
԰ʹһɫƾսʮĵؽѿڣȻóľһһ̣ؽѾͱˣһݽס
ƻͷ̺⣬̺˵ͷƾ˵ؽѣ̺ģʵɨһʮߵЩˣʣĶģ
СĴկĵ֣ڵؽţϲųʮʵʵĽ
̺ˣʣݵӦò٣ǵڼˣ
ʮᣬ˵үǵһΰҾǹ˲£дһΰɣ
˵סĸ̺ͷ
̺Цһ⡭ʦδ
˵仰Ǵӽƽ˯ǰǱ￴ģûҵбϵһ졣
үɾͱ٩ˡʮĸԼ˿ᣬģʵڻֿ
ʱƴģЩǱһʮƵ˻·
һ̺͹ȥȻͣĿͷ
̺˵ͷָ˵ϵȺ˺ʮģ˵ɸȥٰɣ⼸ȿסˡ
һûб·˾վ̺һųȥ
ܱ٣ܱ٣ҪǱץˣҴ粻Źģʮļ̺ûзŹĴ㣬Ȼв̺⡣
̺һЦ𴽽Цһǲмɽկʮ˻֮ȷʵЩͷģϧˡ
һת˵һûٵʱ򣬴ɽկǸ׾ǵĴ󵱼ңһҪһү
ʮĽկӽȥʱ̺Ѿڳ͢ˣүƺկ
㡭㲻ҪΪǸүˣʮĻҰοš
̺ƳһۣŲſ
ģҴ粻Źģҡδͱһ˹ȥ
̺ɫɨһ۵ŵȺɪɪСܡ
ת԰˵Ƕõ㣬Ȼ󡭡˶٣˵Ҳ˯ɣˡ
֣ɫ˵ū澸ġ
˰ɣζ󡣡˵

̺תȥȻ̧̤¥
ؽһɱ֣ר榵ģΪ˲ý榿ȥ巿ѧ˸Ů죬ķΪļӡ
˷ܼ롣
.
̺洵˷磬ϵѶˣͻصȥǶů¯Ա߽ӿůһЩ
ʱ򣬻ǴһƵĺ⡣
΢΢üͷ̺̽˻ֻһɵĺȥˣԺķ̰ȥ̺⣺ɾĶȥˡ
̺ͷ촽˲佪榵ͷɳ˵һˮ
ǽȴûˣ˯˹ȥ̺ǿĶҪһͿˡ
л˵

̺⣺˧㰡˧ͷ



30 滨
ɢȥ, ҹɫϡ࣬ѹ֦ͷУҶϸһ㱡¶
˷, ˳˽ȥ, 𣿡
ʱ̺Ѿ˺ܾˣΪߵȶҪɢȥ, ƺһܰȵҹ
һ´, , أ
ƶϴˮŽȥ, ĻأںԺء
ǲǷʲô榲Ǳ濴ôƽ
ϸһ£Ȼҡҡͷ, ūҲ֪ūһֱ˯
ģκҲЩɻ󣬰˵ֱһ׼, Ȼһƽҹ, Ȼòˡ
˱áƽͷִһЩΣֹֿƣȫױ, һЩͺá
Ƹ黨һ, Ȼʣ Ǻ⣿
ⲻҪ¶ƣĵط͸Ҫˡ˵ú
Ҳһܽ˵ģǫ˵ū澼ˡ
.
ƷŽ¥, Ƴðŵ䲻һ, ӳƺִ̺, һֻɫļӿ˲ӡ
̺ģܲͷӳɻੲݣȻú͵ƲԾΪʲôͬ˵
һʹڱĵذϣҲһе˵յú͵ĵоɺҩĳɷ֣˵û̺
ӳòʹȥ̺ںԺͣǱ߸ϣſײ̺⡣
˲ô̺࣬⡣
̺ĵƳһۣȻһ̯ʼ磬˭˵ҷˣҲҲǵƽӹˣ
㣡Ϊû£ӳ׷ʡ
̺˼һȻ˵ҳıȽ˧ɡ
ʱҲ˳Щңܿߵ̺ȻӳǷǷѹȥ̺⣺ɾʲô£
֪һңˡ̺ͼԼڽ󣬵˵Ͳӱ󿴹ǿ榵Ӱ
ӳæͣСҽͣǸú͵⣬֪ȴⲻ˵á
¹ڶһЩӳѡԵı졣
ô仰ȴѾ˴⣬ݻǳ£ֻòƱɾˡ
ˣԩֻ̺Ͷ״ʾס
ܴˣɾһֱڷȥüһ֪ͣһЩʲô
ӳɲڽǰʧ񣬴˴ʧߣ̺˶ϲˡ
̾Ϣ˵Ӧĳˡ
̺ʱ˵˵ˣҸϵĳҲһʮ͡
ӳɴȻ˾֪ڹ׾죬Ҳûʲôһ·ϲ⣬˹пǸ׾
ȴ̺һ
ǣϵ˸öͬһ¡ӳɳ˱ɫÿ
份ǳԷҲʹˣѾ³߰˰ˣζĿ̺һۡ
˵ܴ룬ͬɾлҪ˵
ӳɿ˽һۣ˵ͷ˽ȥ
̺е㷢ţ榿ӳɽݲת̺ߴƵ˵һ䣺ɾͬ˵
̺ӣһ˵ĺӣЩսսĸ˽榡
ԺһƫƧĵط榲ͣȻתͷ̺⣬˵ɾ׷ʲô
̺Ʈһ£ҲûʲôɣҲ֪ǵĳһʮһ£
һ˵ţһֱȻš
˵ú͵ƣô£һЩ
ҲײɣǸоɺҩɷֻ֣лɺҩŻᷢҩԣӳɷĲ£һʹ˵ƣ˴ŷϨ˵ƣŻһ֣ǡҹˮʱ򣬷ֵоȼˣͽ˳˳ȥû뵽Ūɳ׾ûɺҩҲҵҲǽϲ֪ǸǼٵģ䱻
̺ĽͣģϵòС
΢΢üû뵽ȻĳˣȴȻ
ɾӳֻǱ濴ºͣȴһǳӣעⲻҪìܣԺǳһ£ǵһ侮ʯġͷ̺˵ѹһЩ
ӳͬڻԺѧóģʹӳദ࣬Ҳ֪ӳɴһʲôˡ
̺ҲһЩ֪ģĪǡ
ֽ̺˵ǷȥŰɣһҪ·ˡ
榵˵ͷ̺ȥ
.
ӳҹδϢõģɫÿ۾·ɫήңͬǶ˶˵һ仰ĹûУ극ȥϡ
̺Ƚ극нԣеҪ榵ˣŴӺԺܳ
ȻصһֱַֻȻЦرÿһȮ˳
榿ЦȾҲԾﴽɾʲôôģ
̺⿿˽榣ͻȻϷƵĴһ滨Щǿ÷ǳƯģģӦĶϿĻ
ˣ͸㡣̺۾﷢Ź⣬Ž榵ʱһҫۡ
榳ϣһ˲䣬滨ζһ˲䣬ķ©һĺ󣬿ʼ١
ͨͨ
ϰʱ򿴼ģ÷˻ϲ̺ϵģǸɾģֻн榡
͵͵ָһԼģԼʮֵѣллɾȷϲ
ȥӣ̵ָָ̺һȻɫ糣Ľӹ˻
ϲͺá̺Ⱔڽ£Ž榵ĲգϲǶÿģŵװŰɫ滨ġ
ϸָȥŪһ£ɾ˹գͬȥݼĸɺã
ǡϿɻˣ̺⾹ȻĪһЩˡ
榿΢΢ȻϽĸ;˾ˣѧˣˡ
̺ӲеСĵʣ˾ˡʲô˰
榰˾Ǻܺõˡ
Ҳգֻ̺ʲڣĵŮǿȢ˼ңȻǼҵܹʵڿЦ
ƺǣ˵ɾĪģ˾ֻ֮ĳ֮зɾôģھ˾ǰôС
̺ص̾ϢһЩĪϣԸ˰ɡ
ϱܵüţŮҲüżҾ찡Ǽˣ׾컹û
榿̺ΪѵģһЩЦЩε˵ɾҪδ֪ηС
̺һůҼˡ
.
¡
վصʱɫСΣһȡ
̺˶ҰһӸ榣Ҫ榵ľ˾˵ǣڸǵǽ榵塣
Ҳüͷȥġ
ǵ뾳ʱǵ·ȫǰǽп಻
Сǿ޺ҵΪһͷͷѪǶ·ߡ
óͷȥ·ߵСȴ̺£ĸ榽˵ˣ˾ٲȡ
һˣﻹǧˣǷֲģһӣﻹôˣϣ⺢ӿ׶༪١
̺˵ЩȻй־ģСʱһȺΪһͷһĺӡ
κκöǲųԵģܻһһ죬ֱһһˣǿúõģĻȥ
л˵

̺⣺ŮĸҪ˾˿~



31 
˼ĵ˵ͷ, ɫһЩӣ͸ķ϶ʵڲһЩ
̺, ˵ڳ, һ㲻ôˡ
һɫȴӳһЩ, ճô, κϱ, ֪Ὣá
̺ⰲ˵˲, ҴдʥϵĿͣ, пն࣬ʥϲ
ˣɾҪСϾ쿸ҽס˵е, ˭, ˲Ҫġ
̺˵ͷѾðƽͻĸӳɾֱȥ
ǶҪյϢһʹ, 쿲, ľͺºڸǰǼȴǰŵ
ӭܴˣˡ쿺һȺվڸǰĹְݼˡ
ȥҲʵ޻, ֻ˵ǳس, 򲻿
ӳɴ˯˵, ɫҲϺÿˣ̺ɫǳġ
ӳһ񡣡
ӳɣλ̺ˡǶ˵Ҳ󣬸պ쿾֪ˣӳʥãʥŵĽ̺ҲƲɷģʥϳ谮λô˵ǲ˵Ĵ١
ǹټҲ޵ģȥҲǹؾعլ޲֮
Ȼû˶˵䣬쿾һʮֱǸģ˵λˣССªƾɣλסֻסݣ¹Ѿλ˶˳õĿջҪǲ⣬¹پͲ˴ȥ
̺ЦһʲôǸɴֵͳġ
ֵ֮ʣȱǮ֮ʱ㶩õĿջõǹټҵǮǴ˵˽Ǯ
̺᲻أȴһĪ
֪λܵλ򵥣ȴû뵽ҲС
˵ǣⶼСԼ˽ǮټҵǮõްáʱԼĨһѺ
̺һȻģ˵ˡβȻ˵ҾͲסջˣҷڹ׾죬ȥǸϾУǮȥЩѵİհɡ
۽һ飬еۡ
ӳɽ˵ڹҲ׾죬ѶջǮȥİʩɣձٺ˻һġ
ǰʯͷԼĽţֹеۣõĹۻ¥סһϾ͵úüʮο˰µķ
ŲõǹټҵǮҲ۰ϾЩǮȻҪõЩȥ
滹ƤЦⲻЦڨЦ˵λ˹Ȼ࣬¹һӴǵ˼Ͳõطʩġ
ӳɿһ۵ѹѹƣСѾûˣʪоϵ·ġ
ǵʡӳɾһ䣬˵ǡ
̺˵ӹմӼŻϾǣܵ
ϸһ£롭ɡ
ȻɣΪʲôһϾǲյϢ̺һ䣬һЩϡ
ͨһ¹ȥп಻˵˰¹ʵԩ¹ǵһʱ֪ͨ˳͢˼ӼŹֻǲ֪Ϊγٳûлš
˼ǰ˰Ӽţ˽ˣ̺ʡ
쿷Ŷ˵¡¹ٲۡ
ǡ̺𴽽бһۣҺܴԻɫ㲻˵ˣ㽫޼ҿɹİѰյкˮݻٷľڱãǻġ
ǣ¹ټˡҲ͵͵һ
Ҫˣֽסǣλ˲ţ
̺⾶ֱӳתͣ˵ҲˣͽҪѵʡɡ
˵Ҳ
ں濴˵Զˣһ̱˵ϣԵʦүæȥˡ
һԼϣȻ̾ϢһˣϽȥ޸ľڣеѹƶߢȥȥ
Խ˵Խ̧־͸ʦүͷһӣʦүæȥ
.
ҪյϢδĸͨţƸʱſڳŵСˣûˡ
ƷŽС˻࿴˿ʶˡ
ϾԶţ˺СʱڹմоʮСס˼죬ûĸˡ
ſڵС˲ʶҲ֡
榴䳶һƸƣæƳȥϷ˹Ŀ˵ǴϾɡ
СһʷǷҲĹ˹֣λԵȡ
˵ܽ˸ȥˡ
ûãһƯСһ޷׵ϸ˳
æǰĸá
ϸ۾תŽ榵Ӧ榶ҵ榶
ĸһЩ
㣬һ𣿡Сǽ榵ıã£근ʮ壬ͬ˵Ҳòһǽ榵ľ˾ΨһŮ
ҡҡͷֲ֪ӺνͣĬһ¾˵򸮾̺⣬ҲıµˣԺ͵
榼޸̺֪ˣֻЩϧĳ̶ȡ
ĸ²֪̺ϾǵĿڱҲͶûʲô飬ϧǽ榴Ҵҽ飬ûȥɰˡ
úúãȽݣϾҪˡϷµĲתҲæȥŽ榡
˸ϷŽ榵˺ܶණôˣǸʲôˡ
ĬһȻ˵ɾܺá
ⳡʵͻȻҲûϣҲ֪򸮾һʲôˣ˵ãĸͷˡϷ˴һɫǺܺã˵ϢҲһЩƯ
ü޵£º͵Ϸˣĸ˵˲ɺЩˣ
Һöˣǣ岻ãǧĸģĸͺܸˡϷѾܴˣ˵ҲȽȴʮֵĴȰ
³˵ĸصǣѾöˡ
榵֣˵㣬գҪס
ϸ˼һ£Ȼҡҡͷȷ˵Ϊһ£ҴҪͬһȥ
µɴ۾֡
ôˣ榿ıüͷ
ҡҡͷȻ̧ͷҲ֪ϴ˵Ƚˣø׺ġ
Ȼᵽ褣榾𣺡˾ô
׺ܺð߹Ҫм룬ȥˡϸ˵
ɻ󣬡߹ôδ˵
ҲףҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬷мˡ
ĸ榵֣Ȼ˵ǰˣ塭ȵͬ˵
áӦ£ȴ˺ܶ࣬߹ƺ򵥣̺һһֹϵ
ĸЦһѾߣ˵СȥϢֻů¯
ǣϷˡСѾǷǷȻŽһĶƾ͸
ں΢΢㶵˵һĺÿҲ֪ʲôˡ
Ϸ˿һ㲻Ҫ¶ģȥ㸸ʲôʱ˵榶ˡ
飬ԹԵȥ
.
ɫѾˣ̺ʱϷ˳Բ̸С˵ſһòˣϾǵ򸮾̺⡣
ĸ˽榣榼æĸ˵ɾĸűãȥ
ĸҡҡͷĶп˵ˣ˼ȴӭĵ
ˣ˾һ˳ȥ
.
̺ѣɫһĿƸš
Ž榺ĸһͬ˳ֹסȸԾ
æǰȥĸ־һĸǰ榵ķ̺⡣
榶ˣȻһ˲šĸһֻ
ʱŸãһͬŰɡĸѾߵĲת̺ͣһ¡
̺ԹԵȥˣ˾أ
榻ش˵ĸ˵æֲһͬš
˵̺⻹һڳϻô˵Ȼˣһ
ǽֽ˵Ͼ˾˻ˣӦû˵
ʲô£̺æʡ
ҡҡͷҲȷ˵Ӧúһйء
л˵
ƶߣ˽裬ָĳط飬һϱԳնС

̺⣺Ҫҳˡ


32 ̫
ἰ, ̺Ҳɫѹأ֪ˣ»ͷ˵
ƾֱ۲, Ҳ֪²򵥡
ű͸ǰõ, һҲΪ̺һЩʱƸǹյŴ, ϾȻеζ
Ҳûʲô, Ͼ֡
ʱͨ, 褴ˡ
Խ榵ĸ׳м, ԶŮҲ۰´ʱ, ں߹һ¡
ԶԶգǰ뿪ˡ
ص˸ϣԶԶľͺ榣榶榶
ģȻǻϲġ
ڴ̽ʲô, 褵, һµѭȥ榺̺æ
ӭȥŴһЦ˾ˡ
Ӵ, С榻, øƯ˰Цüۡ
榾нǫ˾˵Цˡ
ǾеһԵˣͱ뿪ӻصƸѾϵ֮ĥȥ, üۼӢд, м
, ҲܿǼʵΡ
榶λŮɣһע⵽̺⣬ϾηնУխò
榵˵ͷ̺ŵÿհݼ褣̺ݼ˾ˡ
ϵЦҲһЩģ˵ͷ̺ı۰˵˺ǡ
˾Ҳǡ̺ʵڲ֪ô褣ѿڶһ
褴ЦףϷǰȥȻݼϷˣ˵ĸףˡ
Ϸˡšһʣ¶أ
С˵Ҫֵĸ㣬ûͺһ𡣡
Ϸ˵˵ͷȻ˵ŮǷ֮͢մһµģЩҲ˵ЩԺ榶һͬ˵˵
ס褵˵ͷ
˵Ƶ̺ģŽü΢΢϶򵥡
褾ת˵榶Ůһ鷿ɡ
Ӧ£ȻǰȥݱϷˣ̺⼱æ«ưϷ˵˵ͷȰ˵һȥɡ
˾鷿ȥˡ
.
ʱȻģţëϸѾķ綼Щ̹ǵ䣬̺ⶼǷڲҪ
ȥ榣㽪źĶҲεϵķòһ£ȻĿ¡
ƿ鷿ĴţȻתȥ榣̾һϢ˵榶ӲãʱգöСģĪҪȾ˷纮
;˾˹Ҽǣ榶޴󰭡һ²˵
˽鷿ȥȼǰǵů¯ģ֮ҪůһЩ
ǶգʵҲеŵģͬеӦûһλɣߵ棬˳ʡ
һλģҲȥѰ׾죬ǲһȥڡ̺˵
褵ͷȻڳ˺üźһ׾ڣݸ̺⣬̺ǰӹԺ˵¶ҲһʱˣϷҲһ˵߹ɣ
̺ЩãȻĿ˿榣ǰС벽˵ĸἰˣ˵˵˾˼Ȼæ߹飬Ӧ֪ıĸࡣ
ҵȷæ߹ļһ£ұϾǳ͢ٵģҲ֪Ҳࡣʾ¡
̺ȥŽˣȻȲʣô˾ˣ߹Ǹʲô
ǰȥȻʾ̺⽫һڴ򿪣̺ˣ򿪺һ޴Ľͼֽұ߻ңɷļ֡߹
榿Щľϣ๤˲ţɵġ
ʱ˵߹˵ǹսΰĹ̡
湩˭榼еʡ
褺͵Ŀ˽һۣȻζ˵榶ҲԾˣ
šӦ˵ͼֽÿһϸڶӦͨ޵ģľʯϺÿŵļ๤ⶼӦ̫ٲеġ
˵ò﹩ȴǸ̫ˡͻȻһЩ
̺ʣǡҲǡ߹ã
ţ߹á褵˵ͷȻ̺⣺һܺ߹˭ɣ
̺⼱æͷ
Ӧôǰ˵𡣡褶һ£ƺ˼Ӧôһ˵
һκܴ꣬ôҴδô̶꣬һϡָŵ˵⣬ǵĸ϶һˮ
Ը˵ڽӱߵЩˣƫƫһ¾죬ʱ˶ˣ˵ǽŭˣҪһӲƽϢŭ𣬶²֪˭ģһʮʮ٣ѵİǿʼԷ֯룬ǿϽǸŮΪ˰ǴؤŮͽ˽
üͷ̺ס֣԰ο
أ̺ʡ
̾һڶ󣬹ȻͣˣˮҲȥˣʱ뵽ӦҵǸʼˣΪϵ˲ܵþȣܿǾҵǸˣǸһŮˣһֵߣ˵߹ãˣ״̲ſ̽ó˵ҪߣǾƴס˵Ը޽һƽ
̲ס޻̸֮
榶ôȻΪûЩζЦһλ˵ĺ档
̺Ȳʣǡ𣿡
褿һǰһЩҲЩϵĸ
褺ǺһЦû
˼ͬһʱֱͦͬһεģ褡
褽˵ȻûȴҲ˼ˡ
½ǱߵǸ϶˵߹÷ŭʱǰǸˮˮڵð춼ɫˡ˵ûɫ·顣
ʣԾ˾Ҳ𣿡
ЦһҺôҲǾӪˣҪ۹ɱôˣͱǵĻŪˣ
μĲãô˲ʲô߹úȴңҲҲࡣ˵һЩϧ
ʲôˣ̺ʡ
߹ˣҲ߹ߵһţһǴ߹ôġ褺͡
üͷԽԽ̲סʣǾ˾˲ʲôˣ
ԴǰǴֹ󣬹վһֱûˣָ֣Ǵʼʩҳʺ׼ǸŮպ󽫻׼ȥʮ֣ص˵
榶һ£Ǹӣƺŭ䣬˵ֱ
Ц̲סԽͶȥ͵۹⣬榶ҪģŮҲ˹գǶֹ·ġ
̺Ҳס˽榵֣ο˲ģڵġ
šôӳ飬ŮûͻȻʡ
̺æأˡ
ôʡ
ЩԾﲻԾҲұ֤öӲ֤֪̺˼һĻص
ȷ˺߹ùϵܣԴ֡褵ѵ
ס̺⹧Ļص
л˵
1ָ̫ŴзṦΰҵĴΪĹ׺͵λʵ̫֮еһָ߹Ĵ
2̫ǶԴһֿ϶Է⽨˵ԼҪ̫һֶΪ׵Ŀ϶Ҳһϵκ˶ܵġ
3̫˵غʱڣĳʱΪҡʱΪݡܳΪá̫йŴʵ۵˼ǹֻ̫ͨǹʵ漰ʵ۵ĵطҡλڻʵ۵׼ҲԱ̫֮УͬȻһܺ˹ݣΪ̫
˽϶ֻ࣬л̫۶˲˶䣬ŮŻᾪ߹Ĺ̡



33 ҹϮ
ҹ, ڴСˣֺͽ榶һЩĶܹ黹Ȱ̺עЩ, ʼ˽榵塣
˵ûʲô, ȴ϶ķ紵ÿԣĶϵ׹ӸһҲ
̺, ĺ󱳡
վ, ˵Щһдӵ, Ұĵ
̺Ĳվ, һͷ˵;˾˹ˡ
ˣǶ˸·Ҳ, ЩȥЪ°ɡ褻˻֣˸ϽȥϢˡ
.
Ѿҹˡ
Ҳ´ˣХķ紵Ļ̵̻ģ榿һ۴, ȻĹغ˴
̺⽫Ǹ˳, Ȼ󽫱̺ú󣬻ͷԽ˵ˣЩЪϢ, 봰̨ԶһЩ
ת̺ȥ, ߱˵һĸо
˲Ҫ̫࣬ССգġ̺΢ĪһְȫС
Լ˴, Ȼ̺˵ЩһðƷϢȥ, ҽҽӵ, أͰڸңҪ̫ࡣ
һůס̺ʳָȻ˵Ǹ߹ò򵥣ڹհյһĴڣǱҪɾĪҪͻ
߹ãʲô⣿̺˽榡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһɫ䣬ʢż⣬˵Ƕδ֪Ĺ뾴ηǸ߹ƫƫһ㣬Ƕģģнġ
榴Ͼǵһ£⻰ĪĻһеζ
˵ġ
̺⿴þãȻͷС˵ҲŲţһһ¸ҵ񡣡
ЩոУƺһЩ䣬Ž榵˫ֿƺһЩ׵˿̣榵񲢲ס
˵̺˿̵Ӧ/
榱ú󱳷ٿӽ˽һЩӵĿ̺⡣
ɾһģߵˡ
̺ЦЦˣ
ɾ⣿ɫһ˿²鶯
̺հӲת˻⣬˵Ҽһ棬˱濴ȥȷʵʲô̰仰ȴܾвԾĵط
磿榶̺תƻѾֲˡ
˵ӹջϾǼӼżʱɵ˵վ͵ֱ֤͢дŵģֻǲ֪ΪһֱѶ̺Ļ֮Ѿˡ
Ҳ̷Ӧ˹ɫȻһЩԹŶ˲ٰ˰Ӽţÿһվͻһվһվͨţߣ֪͢ˣ˻ţ
˹ѩ̺΢Цſ޵
ֵĶɵȥ̽
ɾСġ榾ѵ
á̺ЦúܿģӦһֶõζ
ûи߽榣ҹһҪ
.
ҹڵµôǴӴ϶ķ紵ô΢ġ
ľһֻǽڷĿֿϣҲ겻ˡ
̺һϮҹ£һɴңɫĽһԵĳȡȴº͵˴ϵĽһۡ
ŵ뿪˷䡣
.
ѲߵĻɡĵȥֳƵӦʺ˯ģֿ£ǵģ㲻ǵġ
ȻҲעⲻƽɹˣֽý¾˷
ǵûаַǷ
ڴ˳ôѹδ֮Ҳﻮߣ
϶ҵķӳõƤˣ㲻ȥ㻮ȥǸֻ˼ֻĳ¼ңǲǴǲǴ

͵̺ǳ˳飬Ȼֽֽ̧һ͸һһҲһĿȻˡ
һүģǰȲ裬϶ţˣǶë޸ʲôԱߵʦүһ͸һݾڣĸ˳ȥġ
쿵ģЦǺǵİѾڷŵϣģֵİѾʦүͷãʦүͻݾǸͷá
ʵĪģһֻϲС
̺ҲѾ߰˰ˣ쿹Ȼ򵥡
Ȼ룬ͻȻһرϤϢ
һ֡ɱ
̺վֱӣĽҲսһЩ
ûͷ˾ͷҹΪ£
µúܴ˵ʵģ͸¶ɱȴ
̺͵͵ģ˴ܣһͽݶȻ׼ȥȴû뵽Ǵ֮׷ᡣ
̺⵱¾Ƹ෴ķܣȻһ׵ĵطȥ
˾Ƥҩһ˦
̺֪ǷǴ򲻿ˡ
һͬĽһ££Ҳƽŵأ̺״
̺̾һϢתģĿ࣬üĿϬĴ͸һѪ
Ҳܡֱ̺
ˣ治̺˵Ļᣬųʹ˹̺æĻ̌𣬽轣ʵס˶ԷϬĵ
ڶԷı£̺˺Զľ룬Ȼںһ͵һţȻֱӱˣһ󵶹ؽӰ䣬̺˽
̺ⳣ䣬ɱӲ淴һֲϾİС˽·һת˱ŷ˹
̺ŽˣƳһ״Χǽֻǽżһ㣬ǽһ˵Ȼ̧žһ߳ȥ
˵ĺϣһǰһ¡
Ҳǳصģһգ۵Ĺ͵˹ȻĵǳĿ죬̺ӲӲ
ͽӲһƸ󣬶˵㣬̺׼һǺ͵Ӵӵ»˹ȥ
Ĵ󵶴̺ǰ˹ȥ̺۶գһµģĵӳ̺ĿһһһţͬʱĽҲ˵ϥѴȥ
ʹ˲鲼ȫ˲ܿصĵϥȥһֳڵϣһֳϥϣʹüͷһš
ǲġ̺һ򲻶ϻֻ˺еƣҲһΪ
ǡ´սǾ̺һɾĶ֡
̺ȴᣬǰȥһֻסͷȻ͵һ˾ͱͷֻһ˲䣬̺Ľ͸Ĳӡ
ѪȪ/̺ϣȵģܿͱˮˢɾˡ
ǰҲֱͦͦĵȥ
ԷǾ仰ǲ´սΪ֪Լݣڿá
µԽԽˣϳſɲ磬Ҳһһģ·춼ҪˣµĻˮѾ̺ĽűѪˮˮϣԽԽԶ
̺ͻȻ뵽ʲôɿر˼ҡ
ﻹǺܰģյ̺ŵ׼ȥ׸ɾİɫ¡
Ĵϣȴ᲻أĴһɾˣ
л˵

̺⣺Ѿץ˸ء



34 
榵Ǻ䵭Į, ƺǸոѵģ
̺ûȥϵ¡
ȥˡ̺鼱֮½͵Щ԰ס
ʱŮβ, ǲ̺ġ
̺һ, ȴ˵ʱҪѰʱһЩҡ
Ĭһ, Щĵ˵ûϰ䡣?
̺û뵽Լϸڱ¶Լ, ʵ, ǽ榾еǹɵѩ㵭, ۵ʱѾˣȻ̺Ѿ뿪һ
˯, ˼˻û
͸ɴһʱȥˣǸ˲Ż
Ϊ򡭡˯, ȥһ硣̺ת뿪ųȥ
榷վ, ֽ̧ºľϵĳõУȻƹ翴̺ıӰ˵ɾҪȥĶ
̺ⲻòͣϵѻڵˮĽʶĲ
ˡתĻһ榡
榳, ǰȥݸ̺, Ȼ˵˯Ż·ȥꣿ
̺ӹӣЩ޻˵Ǹ͵ǹץ˰ĺӣʪ, ڵˮͷ, ȥĿˡ
˵Ȳ, ѻ˰ɡ
ʲôȥˣ߽榲ҪһԵĹ̺϶ûôš
ɽʲôҲûʣĴδ˻Ź
ˣȥһˡ̺⵱²Լʪ͸ˣżĶԽ榽ȥʲô
榵·һ٣̺⣬䵭֪
֪̺⾪ȡ
˯ǰ˵ֻǶһ¾֪ˡִͷᵭ˵
̺һæŵĽͣҲ㣬ֻǴвǶ̶̰ʱֲ£ûи㡣
ɾûȥѣȾϷ纮̾һϢЩΡ
ƺû̺ŵ΢΢һЩ棬ãھȥ
̺첽ߵ
ʪϣЩѾ̺ͻȻƺһ榽Ŀ˵̺ˮ̲
ȻȥӻһڵմմɫˮʪһһɵĺɫҲȾȥһֻĺ
榵ɫһЩ˺ܿ컻·˳榶ڵϣǰȥʣˣϵˮʰͺˡ
ʱȴվɾ
һ̺⣬Ȼɫڰɫرԣ̺һ͡
ˣ榵ָָⱻˮʪıЩ죬ɫȴ档
̺ǰȥ˹Ȼס˽榵ֵ֣꣬¶ûǰˣȵġ
ⲻҵģһɱ֣ҲѪ̺˻š
榰˻꣬ų岻ɾѪ
ƭƺǵѡΪ֪³
˿ڲ󣬾ǲˡ̺ЭˣԹԵİ˳ȥȻʮִ³ߣ
С汻߰İһӦոջ·ʱڻ֮ģģۣʺѪ˳һЩȥһЩֲ
ϾԷǳ̺ġ
ü޴£۵׳һƬ衣
̺ȴץסָ˵ȥҩ
˵Ҫȥҩ䣬̺ס֣˵ãûʲô⣬ЩЪ°ɡ
ǽ榣̧̺۾̬ȻǼݶҡġ
̺һţɿ֣áá
ʱҩϣƿƿ޹޴Сһǲ׻
̺ǰ˵ϣ榾ȥ⿪̺ⲻ۵ˣǰԱ˺ݣԼݡ
Ǳݵѿȥˣʹ榵ĶᣬͱճҹԵΪĴ̶
榣㲻Ҫ̺ý榵鲢ã˫ÿüһֱûչ̺û˵ͼȥƽü
޻պһƸϴ˿ڣǧ˿Ҽ绬ҫ£榵üƺһЩ
ֻһܿ׵ġ
ָ̧̺ƽüһĻڻ谵Ⱦ£ֻвܰ
һ͵͵˵û
㲻ˡȷʵû̺ܲѵ顣
ֻǾãɾϧԼ榵Ķϴ˿ڣҩĶһǳɡ
̺ϲ˽榶Ĺġ
ûвϧԼ̺˵ֻ˿㲻ʲôǰûٵʱ򣬸һˣ
Ȼˣɾ͸Ӧ֪ϧһЩ̺⾹΢΢
Ǹ˵ģΪʼĽ榱¶ƺһЩԼҲƺô䵭ˡ
ˡ̺û簮º͡
̺ˣҲСһЩ
榰ַŽϴ֣̺ʹӵôߴվڽȫȫסҲֳȥȻҲַŽ
Ž榵/һ£Ȼ°͵ڽ榵ļϣ˵榣ҵĴԺ󲻻ˡ
ʵɾȥʲô
˵̺ɿ˽榣Ӹ˲֣Ȼ˴¡
ҽһЩ˷˼顭
̺⽫һһʮ˵˳ֻԶĨȥ˺ʹ׵˵Ľսһ¡
˵󷿼˺ܾá
ܴȥڣֻѾǱ˵ġüͷ˵
̺һǰԤ˵ģ˿ţʹҽ첻˵ҲڽֽţҸɴֱӵҪڣţҲΪʲôҽҹȥԭɡ
ֻ̺ܵû뵽·һɱɱʬͻᱻ˷֣һţ˵ʬ廹пһͻƵ㡣
նŷǸ߹õģ³çһЩоգպ˼УĪ߹˳ͻľ̺˵
̺۽һ
úúãѵ̺Ц̧һ½榵ͷķ˿ָл
ý˯£ȥʰϵĲо֣榱Ҳ˯⣬̺ô˵Ҳûоܾ
Ƚɺú̺ŵȥԡͰϵҹ´ˣֻϵˮղɾˡ
ʰһкصߣѾ˯ˣ
̺һЦתѹڼϵǰ彣˳ȻĽѪøɾ
һСϵı̺Цһûװ
ɴϵҲһۣǸ˿ڣԼûܻ˿ڰɡ
̺⣬δ⡭
榱ۣ΢΢˹
һЩ
л˵

˹˹򸾣̻̫һЩ



35 ̹
ҹ㾲, ԭͣһЩ꣬Ȼ´ҹͱĴԺҶ, гſɲ, 춼ˣžһɽ̮һ
˯е˲ȡ
îʱʱ, ȴһ
ֵ, ûд, Ҳҹ, ټĻʹ棬ǰ, Ŷӹڵǰ
ʥ̺˵̺ʥϣûк𹴽ᣬ˵ЩıȨλĻ¡
ǲõ, 榵¾֪Լ, Ծ͵۾ģˮҲ˳̫Ѩ¡
߻Ƶҡҷ̺§ڻ, ŶԷ, 榽Ļ
ǵڶˣЩʱ޿̲ھһ
鲻ãС۵̺һЩ, ˯Ժ̺˵Ĳ, ǱŲһ, §øһЩ
Ľ榵ĺ󱳣庢˰ҹòˣɸоû˯ȣǿһ˿ȥ
榾ԼЩ飬αûʲôģûǰμЩֲ̺һ;ޡ
ӣͷ̺
޵ϸģŴŴġ
̺ƫƫ˯ò죬Ž˯ʱѾѲѵˣһԾ̺Ͳ˳
ôˣһЩѣҲơ
ҡҡͷȴֹ
̺㼱ˣŽ˽榵ʱѾˡ
榣μʲô𣿡̺Ѿɳˣмֵļԡ
ҡҡͷ־ܣͳ˵ɡɾ
ϧû˵䣬û
̺ļ٣§Ҫ޲ҪޣǼٵġ
˵ķӲ࣬ϴκ彪榵Ļһġ
Ҳ֪Ǽٵģί֮ᷢǰĽֻڵԷǡ
֪ӽģһһģȥˡ
̺۵ýý榽û뵽ЩجҲŵ͸Ҫѽ
ֱ̺ȥϵˮ˵ûû£ڡ
榳˳ӣ޵滨ģȻһҼĸо
ҵİ榣ô޳ģţȶЩ̺Ҳ΢΢һ
˹ɻֹסĳҭμõġ
ЩǼٵģᷢġ̺ⰲο
榴üĬһ˵μ
һ£˵¶ʧܣǶ˻Ļᡣ
ģ𲻻ճɹġ̺ⲻ֪Ϊʲôε飬õӦסǽ榲ġ
ʣǡ
δ̺꣬͵˵ˣҲ֪һȥʲôģԴǴιģǺͶһйϵǺվ˶ӣ˻
̺Щڹٳ˵ӡǲѧͷԼ򵥣ǮľԲӵı
ȴû뵽ﾹȻ榵²˴󲿷֡
ǡ榵һͷ
̺ЦЦ榵ͷ˲Ҫ£֪ô
ɾôģһճɹ𣿡ʡ
̺º͵˵ΪֲǽȻûķӣô֪Ƕ˭Ӯ
ɾǱ𣿡榲ʡ
̺һ΢΢˼һ£˵˿ȷʵˡ
һ治Ǳߵˡ̺˵ʥͲǰҲûĴ㣬ǲʲôУǲܲµ˼
֪Ȼ˵ģ룬¼ʲôԣΨڵһýС
͢º֮ԽԽ˼ᶨӵʥϡȻֹˡ
榵һģ̺ҲЦ˵ǣȻ˶ΪǱߵģʵ¶ȷҾôģʥϸλãҾͷźĶȥλ
ˣ榾Ķ̺һĹۡ
磬˵ޱȷʵʲôĳЩ棬˭ҲƲ
ˣԭˡ鶼ЩˣҲӦÿ֪Լ뿪Ͼˣ̬ԣӦò᲻ġ
ֻ
ҲգպܱˣֻҪ棬Ҳʲô¡
ǲǶ롣̺ܹңҺܸˡ
榷Щ˼ˣ̺ǰʧ̬ԽԽԼˣ⽾ݵĸоǺ΢ġ
С˵ֻǵСһЩʲôŵÿ
̺΢΢ŭǵС£˼ܣȫô˵ǵС£
˵˽榣̺⻳˳ֿһ۴ɫ͸ֽϡܿڵòָµûܴ
ɾûˡ榱ͷ
̺ЦŻѾȴǰδĲ죬ҲͰġ
Ƿ˿Ъ°ɣҹûкúϢ̺н˯£ҲԤȥˡ
ȴͻȻʣɾҪϰ𣿡
Ҫġ̺ء
µôɾҲҪȥ𣿡ü
̺˵ҹѾʹ˸ˣϰķġ
ѾîʱˣɾҪˣ榹ʱ䣬̺ƽҪñʱġ
̺˵ͷҳϰ䣬˿Զ˯һ
Ҳ˯ˣɾһɡ榲ǿЦġ
̺Щȵʣȥ𣿡
ɾԸô̧̺⣬۾Ư޹ġ
ҪȻԸģֻղѣʵûʲôͷ̺Ȼ
ᴽЦȻˣͲȥˡ
仹Щźζ
ǵġ̺æס榵֣Ȼ˵ȥȥɡ
һĸоǿ
ֱˣ¶һЦһ̿Ц⡣
̺ȴĵĺ˶ϡ
.
ԴӼ˹ûô̺һĶ£ָһӣȻ֣ǽϵĽ䷿ȥˡ
ɲС
̺Ž榵֣ڳߣµô󣬿֮°õķΧȴûһ˿Ӱ졣
îʱѾˣɫѾһЩܿµ·ˡ
䣬Ŀĵء
Žȥһǳտķ䣬ܹ˸ָıǰǾӪĽ䷿ôҲ֡
̵̺ľϣǣŽ£СĶ˵ӱãһЩĪҪ紵ˡ
榵˵ͷ̺ŷĵų˷롣
̺ʱǼģԭأԺһ׽ȻɿһͷǳĴ̳һһƵΪ
Ե˶һˡ
л˵
ҡ

̺⣺ǽŰ



36 
̺ʱûʮ˰, Ǻϰ䣬֪˶ٿͷеĳɾ, Ͼ, ܺƥе˿ָ
ϬĿҲޱ, ȻҲºһЩ, ʵ, ̺òϾҲŵϺŵġ
ƺ뵽һЩ, 榴ü̺Ҿ˵, ԭΪ̺ǵ̰ͼɫ֮ˣʵϺȷϲԼˣΪʲôأ
ôϲδı֮أ, Ҳ̺, ֻԼ֪ˡ
ӦȥʵģֻǡôӺǸ⡣
ڵģ̺ⳤһǰյ͵Ļ˻, ۼҪϨ˻, ǵоȴһ˿ӣȼ
ȫ̺ⳤƿмרע, ̺ⷴԽԽ, ѽתȦͣ
ϰʱ䲢, 榼ͣµ
ɾˣǰȥѵȥ
̺˵ͷӹ£Щɬͷ˵˿ң˾ò˼
ЩĿ̺⣬Ϊλ᲻˼
治̺ЦЩΣȻġ
榻ǲף̺ͽƽӵΪϲǰʲôǻ겻ġ
ƣȵĺ˴˽ϢȻ
榱ͷС벽ڵ˵ɾû٩ˡ
࣬мֽζ̺ҲĲٶֽ̧´ϡ
úúãǲ˵ˡ
榾˵ĸӦˣЩϴãһȥĸ衣
̺Ӧ˵ãŽߣ˵ǲģֵ꼾һһСģǲͣ
ﶼЩơ
ĸͣһͻʹһ˴˶Ųȥݼĸ˯ķ̫̫ȥ
Ůݼĸĸ򰲡ԭҪȥĸý榲ع¡
ҲͽȥϷ˽˹Сһڣ̺Ҳ͸˵ͬĻ
Ϸ˵˵ͷӹǱʻˣ˾˵Щ㶼ס𣿡
ˣĸҼǡ̺𾴵˵
Ϸĵ˵ͷ˵榶һ᲻ãЩЩЩһֱ磬ǾͲҪڹվ
̺һһӦ£ֻ˵Ϸ˷ġ
榼״Ҳ˻ĸصǡ
ҲҪǣҼɫ̫ãû˯𣿡Ϸüͷʡ
ļӿ̺ҹ̽ǽΣû˯Ҳ֮еġ
榶˯úܺãֻǸչ̫Ӧ榴ü޽͡
ϷҲ͵˵ͷȻתͷµֱ
Ϸ˵˼彪Ц˵㣬ȥϽָͱһʱѾЪˣҲȥҳһȣȳԵͱŰɣ
榵ͷ˵ã˾ȥ
·褣˵һֱ߹æѾС²ڼùˡ
ˣ榺̺Ͷ߹ˡ
һֻǾ裬Ȼֳͱùź̺Ԥȥ
ڷ̺ѣ̺մһɫ£ɫ˿߹ջƣɫ䣬һͷˬĸβ
Щǵ˵ɾСģĪҪ׺ͻǹزˡ
̺ͷ榸ϵҸЦ˵˷ģΪ򶼼˵ġ
ЩšŪ÷겻ˡ
Ž榵ü̧̺ƽü˵˲Ҫģµģҿ̺⡣
Цһ̺⸧ƽ½˵֪ˣȥɡ
̺̰Ĩģ᲻ý榣»²ݵˣֻӦӦ
榸̺һ˸
̺ȲȥĽ榣Ƹ榳ɡ榻Լߣ˷ܵĶ˵ˣȥɣ󣬵ȾϷ纮ˡ
榶΢죬ҲŻ̺Ļˣתߣֻɡ׷ȥ
̺ٺһЦĺá
.
̺⵽ʱӳɵѾˣƺ絽˲ʱ䡣
̺ȴںùɡľ
æӭҹǸʦү̺ⲻɫбһۡ
롣ʦүڨЦ̺ߡ
ָֻ̺ʣǴأ
ʦү˵鷿ܴҲˡ
̺㲻˵ʦү鷿ȥˣȻû߼ʦү˲ӣߵ̺ȥˡ
̺䳰Цһʵôʦү㲻ǰ·뱾ȥ鷿
ʦүüæװȽŲĽ˵Ī֣СľȽŲСͿЩߡ
˵ͼӿ˲ӣ˵ȽŲ·Ҳɶë
̺ⶼԷЦˣԼҹ̽Щ˵ĵִ̽Լ
ֱǡ
޲ɼ
.
ƿ鷿ţͿӳһϮɫۣΣλ֮ϣԱߵ¶ЦӳһһǰЩڡ
̺ˣæӭȴʦүʦүҡҡͷŰֻҪ˲λ˾С
ˣѽЦ۾ͳһ죬һ̬ģ
̺һǰȥ
ӳǰ棬̧ϣȴ̺⾹ְݼܴˡ
ӳüͷָ̺ӻ
šӵɻ󣬵ǻ˶Էһš
ʱЦеӭһϵľڸ̺⣬˵뿴
˴ϵļ٣Ѿνˣ˲ӴһЩˬ˲١
̺˹ķ£ȻӵȥƺĶ
⡭쿺ʦү
̺ЦЦ˵ҿЩܴƺлҪ
̺ӳĿеǷݾϣ֪ӳɴЩαľзʲô
ӳɷ˾ڣƳ̺һۣȻζĿ쿣˵ˣһļأϸµ£īȴδ͸ƺǸϲã
ŵϥһûȥĵǰȥܡܴ˰û顣
ǲǱԩ㣬ԼȥˣӳһѾͽľӵ쿻
ֵ˺ü²ŽȣȻսս̯˾ڣβһīοĺڣ쿲㱳ȥ
ȥĨ֣ο˺ɫۼ
ϥһֱӹȥ
¡¹ٿԽͣ쿷ŵĴֱɢĶˣǧûһ硣
Ҹʵɣαڵ£ϰ˴ն̺Ƶµ
ʦү¿ۿ쿾ҪŲסˣæȥѾ˹Ȼһߵȥͽ͵λϢŭ͵ľڣǸġ
˶٣һЩС
һֻҰèҵ˽ڣʦүҲ˳˵ȥˣҰèڸܣҲû£ܽ鷿һŰϵˮ߷ˣΣֻдڣλǷģʪľڲ࣬ҲǵĶһһԭдȥ˵ģްֲ
̺ⶼˣ˫ֻǰЦһʣҰè
ǣһֻҰèھץҲ⣬æк˵˰ȥѸֻµСץ
鷿ǽһ쿶˵Ǿ֪СʲôĶҰèϹܵļֻè
˵˼Ūֻ˾
æȥɿҰèѶȥˡ
ʱһֻڰ԰è˽è꣬ʪëֳֳģֻƴĽл
˾ÿ
쿿è񿴵˾ǣָŻè󺰣
̺ⳡЦˣǰŻﲻҽеè۾Բִʵ޹
վֱʣܴкμ⣿
ȻΪҲͰˣϾǶǺ˵Ϊ˵ġӳôȡ֣Ҳǲ
쿺ʦүһ˶Լͬһ
ǻ״ʣˣֻô
쿵ĸƽãڵӵԺιȥ
£̺ͽס
̺ǰֻСȥæֹ˲ɣҧˣ
̺ȥסĺӣ˵ʲô˰ˣҼҷĵҪ֪ôĶȥιˣûĵģҴȥ˽ҲС
̺ȻˣȻҲûоܾĵٺһЦڨĵܱϲСҲ˸ˡ
̺ⲻץСè䣬װͰ͵ӣ̺ᴽЦһȻèǸ˵ҵĳȺš
Ұèηˣ˾ŻڣѾήҲˣԽŵҲʲô⡣
¡
һҲȥˣϾȷʵûʲô⣬еĲҲҵˡ֡׷𲻱Ҫ鷳
ˣʩһ£׼ˣӳվʣҰèûʲôȤֻϽǰ⡣
쿼æάѾ׼ˣ׵ˣǾͿһͬȥ
̺û飬ӳɵ˵ͷӦˣһ˾ͺƺƵȥˡ
.
꣬ȥתתҲû飬ڷŮѧһ˫뷨Ŀ
ûúһűһ£æĶſڡ
ı¡
ºͽʵûкܶӴСʱڹմǶʱ䣬˲йĽӴ
³˴պͽ榼ʱһЩңʵƯְ浾ʱһģ˵䶯ˣ֮ǰŮ˵Ķסġ
Ļһ㡪
ӦһЩã¡
¾һһĵ˽߰£źܿɰ˫٣Ժգɫķ£ֻԵɰ
榷ϵİƷŮɴ۾ʣ㣬㻹˫壿
榼Сֵģ̲סЦЦ˵̫ᣬǳγԣòÿ
壬𾪵˵Ϲ˵Ҳ̫ÿ˰ɡ
ݸҪϲ˾͸㡣
𣿣Сú𾪡
˵ͷ
¾ͷСֹ˵ұҪ˵ģû뵽˳˱һֻ־
ҡҡͷϲźáһ£ʵ֪ʲô£
ᵽæɫѹ˽һЩ˵֪Ҫ˵ǹǸ߹
߹֣ɫü΢侲ʵҪ˵ʲô
߹ǸŮ߹ãһֵֻߣȻ󿿽˽榣ص˵
һ٣Ȼȴ治ɫģʣ߹ã߹ôˣǹյһ𣿡
ǡѽô˵ءЩͷȻͣǴҼʱʾ˵ģһֱû֪Ŀ
ü˳£ŶҪЩظеġ
ɶѽҸ˵ҼĿŵ˵
ȷʵ˽榵ĺģѹ£ôģ
Ȼ⿴İһǰɣѧؼҺԺļȥ棬ûһöͻȻۡ
˵Щ˼ȻҾһ߾׵ĵطޣôţ
ҡҡͷ
¾ͼ˵ΧǽȵʱͻȻ治Զ˵ʲôΪ̫ԶˣҲ˵ɶˣһеĺһŮڳԵİ͵͵ĲΧǽͿһ·˺һɫ·Ůڳܡ
һ£ֲȷ˵ӦǳܰɣúףûһǾͲˣӦЭˣȻŮ˾ʹóһߴϣǸߡ߹õģ
æʣĳΣɻǵã
ȻǵãúƯҪᣬӦá󣬻ŶʮҰɡ
ǷǳҪҲ𾪣ҲΣգµʣãкͱ˵
ȻûУ˵߹񣬲/µĴ񣬿һֶ˵ˣ¶һӵģҺñˣһͬ˵˵ˣ
˵ЩЦᴽһ۴ڳ죬˵ãһˡ
ظ˵㾡ܷԸ岻ݴǣ
һ²˵һһЩ浤գñϸһ뽫
²ŵĿŽ榣ģǿЦ˵ڹգ߹õֶǴ˵㻹ҪⲻҪǻ𣿡
榰ο˵Ҫ£ϸ룬ճǣ߹ñ˺ߵǸ֪գ˭֪ĪǶ˻зǽ͵ϲãȻ֪Ļ񣿡
˵úеĥһ£Ȼصصһͷã㣡ɵ໭
л˵
򿨳ɹ
Ϊ¶࣬û⣡Կɲԣ

̺⣺š



37 
һӢ¾ģ, һЦҪ£Ҳᱣġ
֪ô, ʶ̺, ̺οԼͱ˲Ҫ¡
ȻǲµģԸ¸, ͬ˵еһ, ἰ̺⡣
̲סЦʣôͱʶİ񡭡
ָȻһ, Ȼ˵ء
榱ͷ, ܿ°Ե۾ֻ֧֧˵㲻Ҫˡ
ֻǺ, ֻ˻Σ˵֪ˣҲˡ
˵ٺٵЦ
ʵڲ˵ʲôֻܲ, ˵, ȥñīֽƬ̾ͺá
С˫ֳ°ͣϣЦĿŽ, Ƚ榻Ժ, ͷŽ˵㣬ʵҵһۿʱһôôߴˡ
ϰ֮ˣߴһЩȻġһ˵һ߽ϵĶ
°һĲ豭, ȻͰｪ榰ںûļ, ȴֹǱŵѽ
榲ôô, Ȼȥ֮˵ȻµģӲҵġ
ѽ˵Ĳ°˰֣˵ǡţ
СԼѾ˵úˡ
榻һãȻ¾ʹͷص̾һȻŽʣͲͰš۲۰
󣬼һ˲Ϳȵýһһģβˮ˳βΪؿڲ
ǲ㱻ԼĿˮǺñȥ±С꣬ȻѾڽЩˣֱ׵ʳǲѽߵñȥ
ڵһºƤҲڲסĨߺ죬ŵæȥ榡
һ߿һ֣߰ģֽ˵ġ
㣡û°ɣ͵û˵û뵽ıߣϷĻͷô˲ȥǱСЩ֮¡
һڻ˹ȵ
㵱ûʣԭģɵòУʵڲЩˡ
̾һĲټ⣬ǰ˻ǰȻִ˻ʣǲ˵ˡ
һ˵ļ䣬һһ߹õŰ
ֲǴˣôòԹɫǼ¿϶ܷƪͷƪˣӦŽ榵˼ʼ߹õ
۾ףеӺͦǹ˵ģ
.......
.
ʱͣ࣬ȴĶӣ̺ⱧпһľϣԶԶĿŵЩǶʩࡣ
ӳɺǰȲ裬̺ת쿣˵ֿ͢Ѿ·ˣŷЩӱ˼ɷݰɡ
Щ¹ٻֻǲͣٶҲвͨġ˵
ӳҲվ͢Ǳ߻רˮģֻС
ǹղС߹ˮ˵ûӣһԵ˵ȥʦүҪֹˡ
̺ǰ쿽һЩɭɭ˵޻̸֮Ҷǳ͢٣ֶ㶼ЩҿҲˣֱӸǸ߹õĹӺˡ
쿵ϴǵ˵üǣ¹ٶסˡ
վȽ񰲸ãȳֿ͢ˣ滮ӳɰѲ豭ϣ˵
һȻԸȥ
ֿ̺һЩŵúܳǣ˵ȻˣľͽˣҾȥˡ
ӳæסˣ
̺ߵĽŲͣתӳɣһüʣܴ˻£
ӳЦһ˵ҹֵһͬˡ
Ŷ𣿡̺װ֪ʡ
һԵȴһһİһ类һͬ﷢ˣʬ嶼ݷˣѪˮ˶ء
ˣʬׯˡͣһ£˵û˵𣿡
ˣŷֲᴦ¹پû֪쿽͡
̺Ϳӳɣô֪ġ
ҹøܲͷȻ֪ˡӳɵЩ⡣
̺ⲻΪȻʣֵģɲ
ҲûҪܣҪʬʵʵĴׯҲûʲôϡ棬ͳʬ岻ˣûжߣúõʬô᲻أӳɻں̺ա
̺Ƴ쿺ʦүһۣ˵鷳λرһ£ܴͬϸ˵
æ˶̶죬ôྪţѾԶˣæ쿿ʦүĶһЩĵʵӳɺ̺ⲻҪ鵽ͷ˰ɣ
ʦү˵˷ģʬѾҽɾˣ˭Ҳ֪ˡ
쿲Ű
ֱ̺ԲʣܴҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ˣαغһĨǵϷ
ӳҲͲʣʲô
ܴôͿ϶ʲô̺ɫÿӳɵЩζ
ӳЦһ˫ָߵ̺ǰȻұ֤Ҽʬ壬ԴӲͷˣò˵ֵ˵á
̺ԼĻ赭дܴˣҿû͵ʬãøʬ嶼סҼǳ𣬻ؾʱڳ͢䣬ҲմĹ⣬ְʲôζ
̺ôһ仰û˵ˣӳɫڵּ˵ܴˣЩ㣬ΪܻðЩҪ֪ĶˣĺǸһʬף롣
ĸһһֵ˵ġ
ӳµյýֽ̺Ҫߣ˵ǿûʲô˽𣬼ȻǱùհպùģϣܹʶһЩ
Ҫǹ˽֣ʱվʱͱɽͱˡ̺仰뿪ˡ
ӳɺվԭء
̺ȻӳɣҲӳûҹ̽±׼ᱻ֣ӳɳƤ˳û͡
ˣҪǲ֪ĻοѾ³˾⣬㹻ˡ
ûߵöԶʦүͻȻ׷ں׷ź̺⡣
̺ͣ˽Ųͷȥ
ʦү˵򡭡ˣС㡣
̺⸺ֵ˵ͷȻǰߡ
ʦүں棬˺һ̽ʣϰ֮ţ
èˣʦүҪдô̺ƴ¶һ嵭ĵķЦ
ʦү֣¶ɫⲻǵ٩С𣿡
̺ͼߣʵ˵һûֵģʦүǻò
СľͽʦүöлΡʦү
̺ⲻ֪뵽ʲôЦЦʲôҲû˵
ʦүҲûͷûβЦŪòԣǵԼ̺Ϊʲô
˰˵岻áû˵̺꣬ⲻ֪һѷذף˵ʱʱ죬һգ۵Ĺʦүͱ̺ذ׵Ųײǽȥ
ǵҷˣ̺ɫͻȻü͸ŨŨɱ¾֮ᡣ
ʦүײģӴһŵɫҰף˫ֱæͰ͵ĽͣǵģСĽ͡
̺ذ׵ֵøЩͳ˵ʲô˵ҪǴǵ棬Ǿͻҵķ֣
ʦүֱǱԩˣæ˫Ͷ״Ȼͣǵģһλҽ˿
ε֪ҷ岻õģ̺׷ʡ
үŮǰҲСסǰҲ֪ӲáʦүŬİͷֻһǽֻżŬĻر̺ذס
̺Ž˽䱸ģϵһЩذȴûʦүŲɫҰһɡ
ԣҷʲô̺޲һͰʦүĲĨˡ
ʦүǽһ°߶µĽͣǵģҽͣΪΪհյİΣԶ֣ǾܻرһЩȻˡ
̺²ɿ֣ʦүһĻᣬ˵ҷ岻£øڶ
¹֪¹֪ǾһλҽʦүĹ۲̺ɫ
̺Ƴһۣʣҽ˭ȥԻȥ롣
ʦүͷ˵ˡˣǲ̫
̺˵ûƾʲô˵һ᲻
ΪΪ˾߹ã˵ʦүǲͣٵ˵߹ǻĻᷨǣҽĴ׸еүͳүӣΪ˿Ȳʮ޼£߹ó񣬾Ȼû죬˾ͺˣ
̺һ˿Դǵ˵ٵķ˴Ź񣬱ҲţԺڱǰἰЩ֮¡
ʦүͷӦ˵ǣǸ˷ԸҪ˵ĻѾ˵ˣǸñˡ
л˵
СС޷⣺
֣
ǳļڣ̺ͽڽôҪõĶ
˴ԵɲŮòߵĶעĿġ
οƺ˵Сìܡ
ԶԶ̺彪˵㲻ҪΪҲ
Ե˾˰ԵʣǾ˵⽪˶޹ȥùģⲻͳ¶𣿣
С㡣治ɫļڸǰš
ǣҲеߵģףȴСһЩ
űװ˵ĸתˣ̺ҴҵöͭǮСȻ׷ȥ
ˣˣڽ榶߶
̾һϢ˵ƫƫҪأ
һɱ̲סڽϾͺͽ榷
̺һ˪˵ӣֹ˵ҿ԰ҵĵŲһ㣬ְֻɣ
Ҳ׼榼ᶨ˵
̺˵һֻأ
榼ߣ
̺ǰѽĸ˳ԼȻ׷ʣֻأĢ֣
ԡ榴Ӧˡ
ȻСΪǰ̺ų˺ôһϺģ򽻴̺ЩʱóԵ嵭Щ
ˣɢ˰ɡ
ˣ˭˵˹ϵã



38 ͷ
̺Ǿϻȥ, ǵýҪߵʱЩȥţʦүǶʱ, Ҳ͵ˡ
̺⿴һɪɪСҰè, ȴ뵽ʦүЩ
֮˵̺Ȼţ榵Ĳһֱһ, ʦүڹ˵Щ, ޷Ǿȥ߹á
ڶԷʲô, ûʲô˼ȥ¡
߹, Ҳܷ˼ҵĺ⣬ʱȥһǸ˵е߹ˡ
.
Ѿͣס, Ұèڲɪɪˣ/ŪԼʪ͸˵ëǽ䱸Ŀ⡣
̺⿴һȻ, СҰèצĽ˳, ҡ
Ҳ󣬾ƢһЩ
ҽҲһ̺⿴۾˵ͦƢҲ
ҰèĽ, ģ׵òС
̺ü, ҰèƢҲ治ܴȥţһѽץˣҧ, Ĳ
뵽, ְèȥ, һóҸȥ
ͣ泵ˡ
̺ҰèץȻƿȥˡ
˵ҲɣոհںţſڵСԶԶĿ̺ˣͼҴҵܽȥ
榾ͺһͬӭˣ̺ûſڵĽ榣ﲻ˻ҰèԳ˵ֻ
û˵꣬榵ʹſڴ˹ɾ
̺æҰèء
ȻǿЩģ̺ⲻҲûҪʣǰȥ˵ɾɣհںš
˶ֻҰèղɱҰèͲǵ⣬̺ͣĲҽһһҡ
һԵСþ̲ס˵ˣҪҰè
㾪ϲڲҲˣ˼ǵЩ̺˵ı顣
榾ʹԲ˵ĶҰèɾ
´򣬡𣿡
̺⿴Ž榵۾һΥľ
ǵģˡŽƯ۾˵Ҫ͸˵ġ
ԭ˾ϲƺǾϲˡ˵ͽҰè˳Ȼһֻ־ĺӣһֻӡ
榿̺ҰèȻڿЩǱҲѿԭģǺܲġ
ɾĶץҰèЩϲʡ
̺º͵˵·ϿģЩţҲǸơ
˾ȥ̺ȴ֣ܿ˵ҰèƢԴ󣬷ץ㡣
ԱҲһЦģ̺Ļ˵˵ǰȽϺٸˡ
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Ȼˣ̺ͻ˳˼תҰè˳˵ŷ˵˼ȥһ¡
æҰè˹
¾ͺǸ˵ƣЦŶ˵ȻҲˣǾһͬȥŰɣĸǣ
ǲȥ
.
źɫյ谵ģǻһ־õĴӣ²˶ֻͣһ
ҵﶼƵúܡ
Ұè׺ݣһ˨ǰ汻ߵõǡ
񷿾̺ͽˣҲͲٲҴˣСèǰ̺⣬ɾôŴֻèˣ
ϾôҰè̺ⶼûһֻһسŰ˵»һֻݹ᾵ҰèʵЩΡ
̺̾һ֪榵۾ģҲŶȥ첻Ǻ˵ôӳɿ˶ߣǾ˵ֻè߷鰸ϵˮдһݾڣèҪȥˡ
Ҳѹˡ榵˵ͷȥҰè߷˵װˮ˭֪һҰè˷ơ
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ˣЩȵʡ
̺˵ô᣿׵úܣץʱ޲ҧһ⡣
榾;Щ棬ȥҰèͷ˭֪ҰèȻϵϲ˲䡣
ϲ㣿̺ⲻ˼ʡ
̧ͷ̺⣬Ȼҡҡͷ
ϲ㣿ðҾ˵ôĸԸץԭǴ⡣̺һȻģ
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ζ£Ʈŷ˵ζ̺ڽǰ˻䡣
榺εҡҡͷȻְ̽è̽˻̺˵ȥŪʳԣһϴͺÿˡ
Щˣαͷ˶֣̺⽫Ұèӽ榵˳Ȼ뿪˽榺ҰèͲͣ˻С
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ˣҪǰѱץ˾Ͳˡ榽͡
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ȥЩ鲻Ըġ
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˶֪Щʲô̺ⴹۣŽ榵һ¡
Ǿһ£̺һЩ谭Ȼõġ
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ĿһŮˣ䣬ͦһӡǣǻ䣬һ̣۾ģκ̫ˣôҲһʮҵŮˡ
ⲻǡӽ˵Ҫ߹̺Ѿ³˴
榵˵ͷӡ֤뷨
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˵һļ߹õ˵ģǡЩ໭̺͵
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̺ĴֹһܸһĪİȫС
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ǹյǣ֪ʧڹգʱ㳯͢ҲֻһپͰգʵԣλôҪġ
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ˣҪͬ㽲Цģһʦү־ͽʦү˵ʱҾĸǲǲµԺҪ˵ʦүԲģΪɶʦ̫ʦ̫簡
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.
ûܴ꣬󣬴ԺﶼŹȵĽһ
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һ˲Ŀԡ
̺ϵˮջû͸²һ׸⣬ÿһüõģţȴһҲš
ǽʵļһ·ȥȻһס¾ǡ

һ˲뵽˰СõĻһ˫ͻȻһЩǱԭµģ𺳵ġ
֮ǰ̺ʱ򣬽Ҳпϰο̺λһס
ƫƫһΣ榾һ¾ͱ÷Ȼһ˲һ˿ѣεĴ
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ŽӲתϵ鼫ʧعһκɬԼǿװ򶨸ֻ̺һϡ档
Цǰ榾ͺ
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榶ŶϵĴ˵˵ǰèȥЩ顣
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ɴ, һȹ, һÿʵıɴͼҵȥ·
, 榱Ѭ, µ·ҲҪˡ
ǿҪҵ, е㼱, æǰɴȻһ㱡ɴʱ, ֶסˡ
Ϊ͸ʵɴƺƼȪˣôУ, ԾԼǷġ
ŮŴŴ, ı۰ţƿȪϣԼȴͷŴ, ʹ͸ɴҲƼ˵ˮ, ˮһһĵԶ
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Ǹƫƫͺһ榡
榵ס, ȻϤ, ƽ̺⻽һһεİ, ġ
Ȼһ/ȴе̺ġ
ûӦ̺ǰŮȴӦһ
Ǳ߿ȥŮ̺ľ۵ͷ
ý榿Ů˵
ˮ鸽ϣɢҵķ˿ʧǹҲסᡣ
Լ

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ǰһнģװܺʪ˽ޱߵ鷢
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ѩɵζ˱ǣôҲû뵽ǵȻƵΣܲΪõǷͽɣ
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ǰܾ̺ܺྴĹһӾͺãΪǸʱǲϲ̺⣬෴Ǹʱ̺䲻Լ
ĺӴˣžԼǸʱжôԳߣĶʲô䲻ϣ̺ϾҲûƯŮϲ
һδҲϲ̺⣬ֻ˵˰µĻײδµ̺Ӱ죬Żⲻ˵ĻΡ
榷һ̺⣬̺ԶһЩ̺ʹһֻϣһЩ
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榱̺תԼȥ̺ͽ§˻
ˣֻϲůĵطѣǸΣڶɡ
.
ڶ̺ҲһҪŵģû죬ǰҹģһ
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ǵúЩǰʱ¥һɣû뵽̶̼꣬ФԷȻӪˡ
軹û꣬СˣĶ̺һƣȻ˵ӣµ¥ż顣
̺ͷ»ûüڵĲ豭Ȼ¥
¥޵ƯԽԽôãȵ¥̺ڹƳһۣһ¥ĵ̺һž޴İٻͼ
ŵġ
һż£ż䣬Ǳһ¥ܶ࣬Ʈŵ㣬ֻһĸо
ȥС͸һˮȥ
̺豭Сһڣţ趼Ҫһ¥һЩ
ڣһ忡ˬʵЦʹ̺Ķ
̺ⲻķ˲豭Ȼ̧ͷˡ
Żòʣºͣҡһȡ
̺˵ȹĹְݼ̺˵ү㵹Һ¥ˡ
̺ЦһʾФԷ£ФԷҲУ·һþ̺棬Ȼ̺ſ˵¥ôԽԽˣ
ФԷ۽һ飬һϾָ¥İ費˼ʣ
̺Ͷſ̧һ°ͣ˵Ҫ֪¥λúңҾҪߴ˵ء
ФԷӣЩ˼˵ⲻⲻҪЩӵİɡ
ˣҲ˵µģҪһæ̺ҲҴţֱӾԼԵɡ
ФԷҡȣ̲ס
ôòңҾҸ£үФԷ̺ϵ֣Ȼ˵úݵš
̺ûƤ˻ȥȻФԷһۣ˵æﲻ
ФԷ̺ҲͲЦˣɫʣҪүôФԷү£ֻ˵ǡ
̺˵һˡ
˵ʹӻһֽȻ̯ͬʱФԷæϵĲ豭
̺⽫ֽչϣȻ̧۶ФԷ˵㿴ˡ
ФԷҵ飬ͷĿ
ǽ榻߹õͼ
ФԷ˺һʵûʲôȻͷ̧ͷ̺۾ãգգ˵Ǹ˶
̺ʳָû˵ˣ߹ã
ФԷҡӵһϵıҲסˡ
Ļô㵽ֵģФԷ𾪵ʡ
̺һۣ˵ڵĻ֮µ
ȷӦæҵİѻ˹ȥȻѹ˼ʣ
߹ڵģ⼸˵ˡ
̺˼µ˵ͷ
ФԷĶĻȷģ
Ȼģǧȷġ̺˵ͷְѻ̯ˡ
ФԷŵȥ˿񣬳Ĭ˺һ˵߹Ҳ˰Σ֣ôҲŶʮҵŮ˰ɣ
ҽҲȥұǱȥģ֮Ҿ͸ɻˡ̺˵
ФԷҪ˵㣬Ҷ벻׺ȷ⻭棿
ֵ̺˵ͷ
ФԷģȷ
Ҳġ̺һ̵һֻϣȻһģ˵
ФԷȥʣҿĻ
ʵϣ̺Ⱨ˵Ҫ㶯еȥŮˡ
ʲôѽϰ˴ǲ˭ФԷ̺ΪʲôҪˡ
̺˵ûʶûϤ
ү㻳㵽Ϊֹ̺ⶮĻ֮⡣
˵ͷȻ˵ֻǲ²⣬вȷҪˡ
үĻ¾ͷĽˡФԷѻȻظ֤˵
̺Цһ£Ȼ豭
ФԷ̺Ա˱ģү˵ȢޣôҲɩӳԶٷ
̺һڲ˵Ӳãš
ҲҲӲþ͸ҪźʿФԷҡҡӣһʲôҲӡ
̺⿴һۣȻ˵岻ûŴ磿
˵üеŪФԷ֪ô˵ǲɩȥѰҽ£Щҽҿ֪úġ
̺˲豭˵רҽºˣѰҽаˡ
̺Ȼ˻ФԷټַûʲôˣȶ̺Ⱨȭ˵үģФԷ񡣡
á̺ⲻ᲻صӦһӦ׼뿪ФԷֽסүԷ
˵̺ͱ˻֣˵ˣ˻ڸһȥء
мֵ˼
ФԷ
.
ȥ·̺ȥ˱һˣԵȻظʱѾЩʱˡ
ŵʱȻѾˡ
Щӭ̺ùţ̺ⶼЦŻӦԹ˲Żġ
һ½榵ȥͣȥˡ
䣬Ȼʪģôû꣬źصĶ£ԺŮ
һСֻҰèϴøɸɾģ˯
΢榶ǰ鷢Щ¶ɰɫĻ䣬ʩ죬ʵںÿ
̺˽ŲһһǱ߿
Ȼû߽榾ѾԤеһͻȻ̧ͷС·̺ĿԣһžУݸһЦ
Ȼ̺ҲЦ첽ǰŽߵʯȻŽ˵ģû뵽㷢ˡ
ɾ´ν¿ɻҪЩˡ֮˵̺ΪµĲ̫ˣġ
ãҼˡ̺⾹ȻһĻӦ
ЩΣ̺⣺ɾôŻùˣ
̺ҡҡͷЩ˵ûгأϻͷһţ̫ˡ
ȻˣھȥԸӸһݡ榷Ů˵
̺ҡҡͷʱŵʱ䣬ȥʹ𣿡
ɾҪôʡ
̺룬Ȼ˵ԼȥɣһԿҺˡ
л˵
Դڰٶϣԭ߲꣨ܶˣȷʵûҵԭߣ
Դġ򡷡
Դ׵ġ·.һ
ҷһλˣ֮ڱ~~



41 
̺ģɲǿЦ, Ž榣ƺĬ
վɾ³ѽ
̺ü˵Ϊʲô᣿
榾ӭ˵ɾʲôᡣ
˹߻ˡ̺˽榵˵, , ȥҵա
榾ԼǰߣͥԺľ, ʯ̳ɵʯС·, м϶۲, մʪ˽榵ȹڡ
ȵȴ, ̺ͻȻͣת˽ǰ, ȻӻһŻɫɫĽ̯ס˽Ǳ¶ʪȹβ
Ȼֻššƽȹڣһϵк̺վ
榾ô
̺η蹹ϳ˵, ȴԸڽǰ, ֻΪȴȹڵˮգǿͲһϸˣɶȴôϸġ
ˣô񣿡̺ڽǰ˻, Ҳº͡
榴ҡҡͷ, Ӧ˵û£߰ɡ
̺ⲻǾǣȥˡ
Ȼ̺˵ĳӺѾںԷ, , ҲҴҵİѷȥ, Ȼվ
С㣬үͬĺ
̺Ц˵ǰĳԷУһ¡
׵ĳӾǰʣСҪү𣿡
ҭһ£ûü˵ʲô̺Ц˵Ҫһ᲻أҹѡ
榾ƫͷ̺ĲɫһЩ
Ȼһ˹˵ҪǴҪүȵȵȣǸˣܿġ
ǳ˵ĺܿǺܿ졣
̺˼ý榼ĳգҲ;ܾǣֻ˵ǳԷɣԼŪһˡ
̺ⶼô˵ˣټȻҲûʲô˼ˣԴҶеԥԥ˻ȥ
̺榰һԶ̵λãȻԼȥϴˡ
榿ıӰխСϵļý£΢΢͹в˵ĶҲ䣬ڳôЩ
ȼúܴٺɫĻӳ̺ϣֻͦٶһů⡣
ʱ̺⽫Ĳ˵˹ǹﾹһŴƺסˣһ٣æվ
Ϳ̺һֵֻ߹һֻŲ治ɫķŹĲˡ
ûע⵽վǲԶԷĳǾͶԽ˵С㲻õıүġ
ʮָδմˮȻҲЩ£Ǹ׵ĳ˵˳̺ҲΪվ
һЦĶͣ˲õҡ
ϾӺСʱҪչǸĸˣڳЩȻҲڻ£Դ˹٣³¼ûйˣַҲ΢һЩ
⿴ƺǽ榺̺İΣ
榶΢죬Щ޴һȻȥ
СͱүѽһϸЦúܴ˵
榳üۣûл
ˣСͱүɻˣ
ϸһ²˵һˡ
һûһĺͽ榴Żû̺ͳزˣ˳һײ˶ˡ
ЩϣȻʢ뷹ȥ
͹ˣˣ߰ա
榿ϵ뷹ҲûʲôֻΪ̺ķˣȻ͸̺뿪˳
һ·ص˷䣬ƿ˷ţȻ࿪̺Ƚȥ̺Ҳûƴǣ̧ſ˷ڡ
Ȼ̷ŵϺȥմζѻ榱ǰѲ˶˳Щ֣շ룬ֶû̺Ϳ첽˹
ѽ榵ֻסȻֱԼĶϷȥ̵Щ۵ָĶ䣬һɱо͸ָ⡣
̺ⰫܺƽӣЩϧ˵˺˵Լˣֵý
ָһ£Ȼ˵ֳ˻ȥ鲻ڵ˵ûµġ
ȷʵûʲô̺Žʰһ£Ȼ˫Ӱ˳
ɾ˫ʲôȲΪ뷹̺ģɿ˫ӣ֪̺ԤǷݡ
һðɡ̺Щ˰һ˵
榿һϵĲˣЩǷζĲˡ
ù˵ġΪ̺ǲ֪š
̺˵ͷ֪
ֽ˵ŵʱҾע⵽ˣߵʳƫ˳Բߣûմڲˡ
ؽסˣ̧ۿ̺꣬һв׵Ĵ榡
Ǽ£Բ߹յʳϾڱ˼ңҲͲö˵θСҲûȥ
̺ȴѾȥˣҲˣ̺ҪһţȻǸϵûģƫƫЩʱΪǽٺúõһš
ôҲϿζ𣿡̺榲̧ͷŽʡ
ӣ·˵˲Ͽζȥһزһ
ϲͷ㲨һһģ˵Ķˡ
ҡҡͷסͷһĨ
ǱһðɣҪˡ̺ºͣŹƻ˵
죬죬ӺＷһá֡
̺͸˵Ȼ˵㳢û³ˣҲ֪ϲζ
榾ӳһڣ̲ζ
Σ̺ʢڴ
榾ͷ뿴̺۾Ȼʣɾǰôζã
̺һ£ȻЦָ榼һӲˣȻ˵˴ĶѧĿ˵Ļá
˵ľòģתһ˵ǺɾѧĿ˵Ļ
̺ЦⲻڵĽ榱ʼʱֻµģˣʱҲЦòҲԳӰԣ˵ЩЦˡ
ѧòٽ̺
ֶýЦ˸Ų˲׹Żζһ˽εĶͼ
֮պǢݡ
.
Ź󣬰δϦƹʪյġ
̺ڷ鰸ʲôԱ߿飬ҡҷֻҹèű߲ȥ˵Ľ
榾ͶһĶȻҰèƺ˽榵˼Ȼٷ
ûã̺Ǳ߾ˣŽ榰ģֻůŨŨⲻ춼һЩ
ֺʲôһõֽȻֱ˱īּĺһ榣ˡ
ĿƿȻ̺⡣
̺ͽķıᵽ˽榸ǰȻ˵ϴλ߹ããһһˡ
榾ͽϣȻվ˵ɾ뻭ʲôˣдò
ҼǵֻҪ鷳˷ˡ̺˵
ɻʵΪ˵ģɾΪǹհյİΣҲΪ˹հգⲻǷġ
̺΢˵ǡ
˽榾ȥ鰸Խ˹ֽȥȻִŵ˵ɾ˵գԽϸԽá
̺˽榵ԱԺӡ߹ǸͷģǱ˵úϸ
Ѻ䣬һ룬Ӻܸͦ°͵ĺһ೤ģ಻̫ߵˣеˡû˵꣬Ϳ榵һ٣һκɫī͵ε˰ɫֽϣȻȾ˿
ôˣ̺еʡ
ҡҡͷֽȡȻֻһµȥ˵ܾɾ˵ЩϤ
̺æʡ
ҡͷ
ģ
Ȳ˵ˣȽȷ榱ֿʼ
̺ҲżϸĻǸʯ
컣űߵСèΧŽתȦͰŽ榵ĽȥȻ˼Ƿϸ꣬¯ȼ
ֻӳĵڸ顣
.
һʱȥˣ̺⿴Žһֱ޸ĸģֻһֱ̧ûɫЩ
ڣ˱ʣַһ˲ֻһʹӿʶ׼ȥ۰򣬽һֻΪƸ
һͲֻı۰ȻǰŻ˵ǻһģһ
֮̾࣬ҲеĴ⣬ֻڻʱôá
̺ڿǸʯĵһ۾;ЩϤֱ߹õǷڳϸ׷ǸʯܾЩƣԲŻ뽪榰Ǹʯ
ΪǷȡ
ɾɾЩ죿榲ȥ̺⣬˫ȴĶ
ȵĺڶߣ̺ӽһ£榶Щ㶣æعͷ
̺¶ԵЦ³ȴҪˡ
Ҳˣ̺˵
š榵˵ͷ
̺˵߹ģһʯ񣬱߹ùһصķ䣬߹˵һϡ
üȻҡҡͷ˵Ӧòʮ꣬ɾϵƲĻƣӦǰĳһϣΪƲ۱㽫һ
˵ˣǰڹյģ̺ѾһһˣֻҪФԷǱ߹˾Ͳװħˡ
֣صĵ˵ͷ
̺һЦཪ榵ͷȻˣɰҴæˡ
ýЩ˼ˡ
ˡ̺ʲô˵ҽȥһ߹˺ܶڽһ̨Ķ
ֻ˵̨պģϴξ˾˵ģ߹Ҫνļ룬һ޹Ůˡ̺һ˵
üһü˵ĳ̧ۿ̺۾˵յģ䲢ȡģΨһİ취ӳټ䡣
̺˵ͷý˵ľ
˵䣬ҪĻ򣬶˭ֺε˭ӳټͻƿڡ
榵㵽Ϊֹ̺˹
˵쿣̺ʡ
榵˵ͷȴ˵ĲֻһˣյĴ׸ҲܣʿҲܡ
Է˵˼ǣֻųĴ׸Щʿ壬Ϳ϶ֻˣ̺۾˲٣û뵽榿˴ϻۣеĽܰڵǰ
򴽵˵ͷȻ˵ɾڳְƷסһЩʿ壬úܴ֣ȥЩʿ򽻵
ʱ̺㷢ӳɵİô˵ͷӦá
ջ˵µģ˷ľͺá̺ģԹԵģŽ榵ȫǳݡ
榱òڣֻϽһĻ⣬ʱűߵСèͻȻһæָè˵ɾ
˻˵ǻû
̺͸/СҰèȻֻ°˵СҪʲô֣Եöཿ
ɾȻ˻͸Ҫ׼úģΪмҵĸоʲô榽˵
Ƿ֣̺ϣоʵڱﲻʲô
榾룬Ȼ˵иòãɾվҲˡ
̺ȻᷴԣϾҪЩĺ
ȻͰСèƽӣ˶˵ҷ˸˸֣иСӲȹʺ˿
Сè˵ʲôֻ˷̺Ĳӡ
̺ͽè˵ϣ榿Żī֭û͸ȻͽŲýһЩ·Ҳ϶һٺɫů⡣
Ư
̺һ㱣ĿⲻºһЩ
.
ҹ˴磬Ƭһˡ
ůģ¯յӱ̺§ڻǼȫ⹴
Ҫġ
ҹЩΣþò侲ɻ˲֪飬Ķ
ֻòѹŻҪ˯ȥˣȴ͵͵ૣɾ
̺Щñţһ
ԷһֻСȥСӲ¯ȼţӢ
ֽԶƽѵʱߺһͿӵ䣬ˡ
̺Ŵƺһһ̫̣һΡ
͵͵һ˸ƽȴֳٳɢȥ𣬺ɴŵ˴ԡͰȥˡ
ʱ˴ŴǱԼԼһЩ
.
ڶ峿̺Ǻľ뿪ˣκôǽѾˣ촩˾ĺɫٷģȥǿ˲١
ָ̧½Ȼʣɾôٷȥˣ
Ͼ˼λ˹ˮȥӭϴη˸ҵǱٹ𡷣ᵽйٽ״Ĵ˴ԶŹٷӭ̺͡
榵˵ͷ̺⾹Ȼȥˡٹ𡷣΢΢ݣȻɫ糣˵ɾҪǵرǹٽױĴˣǰмʧ
ȻԼԼһĨЦ⡣
Ҷõģ˷İաָ̺дԣÿһֶĪ簮֮⡣
˵̧뿪˷䡣
榿ԶȥıӰȻͻȻŴһĿ·Ҫο˳һַ棬˿ȵöնϴˮ߽İæǰ
һĸ˳һ漱еʣˣˣ
ʹıۣס࣬Ȼȿʼƽط˶ֱʸ˰Ƶȥ
ȥϡ榺ǼѵĲż⼸֣Ʋҵ飬æŽȥˡ
榿ŰƵļ۵þҪըһˮȪӿһĺӱǼһҰֽ˫Ҳ׵͸һ
֪ÿһļ˵ʱʲô취ҲûУֻܿӲȥ
žͺ۵ļһȴҪΡ
˺һڻ˹ÿһڸִⳡĥл
ڴڵĴϢŵҲڷһЩ
ˣЩҪһˮ𣿡ƹе
榵˵ͷԼͷӰƵļͷŲˣȻƾͿ첽ǰȥ榵һˮ
榽ӹˮСһڣȻЩϢȵ˵ĪҪĸ˵ʹˣֻ֪һֱš
ūסǷǷϧĿһĽ榡
.
յͣ˶þͿʼ´꣬϶ѻ˲ٵˮ·ѹʱ򣬽˰ˮ
ǰ
Ͼǵ˵˺˻ʱ䵽գ̺һĺڴ˴ˡ
ʱһʻ˹ʦүæһɡӭȥȻλ˽˹
λĶӳɰݼȻְֹ̺ݼ˶ˡ
æһĶλȥ
λ·;ңԶѾԸţǾȥŰɡڨڨЦ˵
˺˱˴˿˿Ȼһͷ쿵˽ȥ
̺ӳӳҪߣ̺Ϳڽסܴˡ
ӳͣ˽ţͷ˵£
Ȼ̺ӳ˵
ӳһ˵ʲôܵǵ˵͵͵˵
̺ҧҧ뵽榵Ķˡ
ǹڼġӳҲ鵽ڽ̨飬̺ἰ䣬Ҳѵ
ļ䣬ҪѡһŮӣ취߹ˡӳࡣ
̺˵ͷѹ˵߹Ҫģʱ䲻飬һƿӳټ䡭
л˵
ٲԲԲӣԲεģڰٶҵһƵͼƬŵĳȤĿȥ
̺⣺
̵ÿп࣬Ϊˣ



42 ߻
̺⽫榺˵Щıһһʮ˵˳, 飬ӳɫԽԽ죬üͷԽԽ
յǼʿһȥ, Ĵ׸Ǳߡӳšü̺, ƺȷܹ
̺תȥˣͷҲصı߱˵ǱԻᴦ, ܴ˻Ǽӽ°ɡ
ӳɫ˰, ʲôҲû˵͸ȥ
.
ﱸľƲ˲㺮, Բʢ, ƶգðֻӻ, Ҳ쿵ġࡱԵװס
ӳɾ˺һƣȻʱʵλ˶μˮ٣ʲôˮ
ֽصμձ߾, ճӺ֧, մ಻μˮϣ˸вٺİˡ
˷ľƱ, Ȼվ٩٩̸, ҺԤ峿ȥοɽƺμˮƣٴӳ㡣
뷨Ǻõģλ˻Ҫעμķ֧ӳ˵
˾˵ˮ޷ǽ¡衯֡١ۺ, Ϳ丵ϤںǿרЧ, ȻȻˮˡ
λˮм, Ϊ˵ӳɺ̺ҲʶȤĲٶ˵ˡ
һһ˶ǣҲ˵˲٣̺ûƣȴմ˲ζ
ȥʱﱻζѬͷЩΣȻ·ȥϽǱ߸װһЩȥ
.
ȥʱû榣ĸȥʸѾߡ
СŹ˯ˡ
̺˵ͷ̧ǵķȥˡ
Ȼ󿴵˰ƺ⣬ɫã̺ˣ͹ǰȥ˵ϵʱļַһΡ
̺ЦȻʵ𣿡
˲ԸѾҩ˯ˡƴͷ͡
̺˼ǧ̾һϢ˵֪ˣ°ɡ
ǡǷǷȥ
̧̺ƿţȻվͽǰ鸴ӣ˺þòžŽȥ
ᣬ³˯ˣϧ´մ˴ĺ⣬ʱ򣬴һĨ⣬̤ĵط⡣
˯ú죬ˡ
üɫףޱ߸ϸܵĺ飬Щȣ̵Ľë˲ͷһ
̺⽫ŵϣǰȥ˱榵ģȥ׽ס󣬱һ
̺ɫһЩ
ţȹŵʱǴϵСŮۣһ˫ֻмֵľ⣬Űƺ̺˵ʱѾˡ
˫Ľһһ
Ľ˫±ۡ
ʱ±򿪣ĲֻǴĺһĨů⡣
̺һֶһˮһֶһ˽
Ȱˮŵ˴ߣȻͶ࣬ǰȥĽ榵ļȻĻ榣榣ݸˮ˯¡
ԺۣͿ̺һº͵Ŀ
ɾ˯ۣ̺Ĳ³
̺ᣬɫÿȵ˸˽榣˵һ࣬ѽһ˯¡
˵ȥ׽ס˽榵Ľţƺһ
榰ѽһ£̺һֻȴɵľץסֻŽס
Ҫ㣬ű̺Ƶģѵƣֹ鵽Լϵϧ
̺⽫Ľŷ˴Ȼ̺Ҩһˮ˽榽ϣȻ̧ͷ榣Ҫ˵榾͵˵ͷ˵̵ġ
һָ˯ѵãȻһҲȾ˼־βһĨᡣ
̺ɫһ˲ҲڻĵԼһǴͰȥҽִŵĴʵһʲôҲİӡ
ѽ榵ĽŷŽȻϴ˫Ľ㽥º
榣ؿڻ۲ۣ̺û̧ͷȥ榣ͷĸŽϵĸѨλ
榶ССĺһڣ̺Ӧˡ
̺ӷᣬ˵һֱͷ
ڷ̺ӷŽŵ˴ͷĹϣȻ̽һȥ̺⣬ɾ
̺ͷһ
ֺһɾһߡ
̧̺ͷȥ榣˫γڵ⣬ȥô
ɾôˣҲһ̺һˣΪʲô¶ί
̺ҡҡͷȴֳ˳ӣͷӽ˫ϵˮղȻˮ뿪ȴץס䡣
ɾֺһ
̺˱죬ʵڿúܡ
ʲôϾĴ۸ˣ榲ףһ˳жô¶ίı
Ȼ̺ͰŽ˴ߣͷ˽榵ľ࣬˵µļ˺üˡ
ÿÿ۵ʱʲôҲˡ̺ƣƺˡ
µЦһ£ɾѾúܺˡ
á̺ݺݵӷ
ˡ榲һʪ⣬ģæȥס̺˵
û뵽ڳĸĸ֮⣬һ˻ΪĲÿˣر̺һѱˡ
ѵãҹڻƵѬ£ֻһƵͨ󣬽榵ķ˵ϴ
Ĳ¡
Ϊ̫̫
Ѿû˯⣬Ϊ˰̺飬ͳ˱Ļ˵ɾϾλô
ɡ̺ɳ˵˵ȥμεɽƣ˵һĻ
ǳ˾ƣʡ
˵̺ڽ榾ͷȻЩе˵ûȶ٣ǸƵζ̫һЩԭ뻻·ģ¾͵ˡ
榿ЩĽëݸЦ֪ˡ
ϵıƿȻ˵ˡ
ҳ𣿡̺ʡ
ǵģѾ˯ùˣ˯ͻˡҡҡͷͷϵζȡֻһֻһͷֲʧС
̺ϵ·ȡȻݸ˽榣Ƚ榽ӹ·˵ȥˮС
˵һֶϴ裬һֶ뿪ˡ
̺ٻʱ򣬽Ѿѣһ״Ӽѣһ׳ɫΪȹɫ˿߹Żƣ¶ľ
ϺԵһɫˡ
ˣ䲻䣿̺ȹĵǽ榵ůһ˵һ潫һԵĶùȥ
Ȼҡͷ˵䣬̺⻹Ǹϵö¡
绹ҪȥһˣûϲĶһϡ̺ʵ
ɾҪ˳·ܲȥ巻һ־Ĳϻѧһַ֡榲̺ĺ⣬Ż̺⡣
Եأҽʱ˳·Ͻֵĸ㣬㻹Ե𣿡ʡ
ҡҡͷʾûС
Ȼ̺Ҳټ֣ͺͽ˵Ҫȥ¹ٷųš
ʱ̺⴩һ׽Ӳӵ·ˣ·ޱȵľ£ǹƻǷߣÿһǼġ
ҲϾһһƾɽѩ޲ϣһֻǼͷϴǸǴ죬мİǺѵõ÷˿˵ߵǮׯעĿ
ǰ榾ǸŴЩģ·ʹϣǸɡ
㶵Ŀ̺⣬ˣô̺ſתȦ
榣ʵڡ
̺Ц˵磬ҲΪҽҪȥ˲һ㣬ֻѹסǡ
ֻǶһ¾ͷӦ˹ȻʣɾҪȥĴ׸𣿡
Ĵ׸ճڹճǿ˵ǸһƬ죬ͷʳΣףϡ
ţǰҺǴӦûǵҡ̺˵
˹͵˵ͷ˵ɾҪСġ
ã˶˵ˣҾ͸ҪСˡ̺üĿͣཪ榵ͷòУĶһ˳ߴأ
ҲֻЦһ¡
.
ֱ̺¥װֱӿֱſڼֻۣһգ۵ĹЩ
ǸΪ׵Ĺһ۾ϳ̺⣬ȥ˵ѽ
ҡФ¡̺һȭͷ߿һ˵
ԱһͷĵĹ˵ФϰѽôФϰѽ
̺ⱻô粽Уüͷšһ֡
廨仨ɽһ绨λ»һ߰˳׷վùԹԵˡ
ФԷ˳
һģͲǲͣФԷӰ˵Ǽ
Ϊ׵Ǹ죬üǺþûôǮĿ𣿡
ȥȥȥúǵĿͣλ¥ĹͣԺ򲻿ɺˡФԷһĺɸ֡
ǡλӦ塣
ФԷѵǲȥ̺⣬̺⴩˾ߵĻƽһҲ̲ס٩ȻǡᶯǮ
̺һ۾ͽȥˣ߱߶ФԷ˵¥ĸǰ
¥ǿ԰˵ģǻԸӡ
ФԷظˣү˵¥ˣ¥㶼⡣
̺ЦЦ¥ߣȻ˵Ͼд̺ү¥¥Сһ¡
ФԷ˵ͷʣǶүҪĸˣ
̺ɫƽ˵ճ
ĸղһȫվû˲֪˭ˡ
̺Ҫ¥¥ȥĸҲûеˡ
ֱ̧ȭ˵ү¶ҰˣھȥԸˣȻԸȥӡ
̺⣺ˣФϰ塣
үô˵ɾͼˡФԷ˵
˱һЦ׷ҡҡͷ
.
̺յ趼ûФԷ¥ˣһƨɾ̺棬ȻԼһȡ
ѾԸˣİɣʱͿòˣǿ϶ܿҪˡФԷӸԼȶͷĺ
̺ⲻɫĺһڲ裬ФϰЧһĸߡ
ɱңԸҰ£ؤ˶ϵˣĿǰûһФԷ˰־ܾ̺Ŀ佱
ƺԤ֮У̺⹴˹ôһգġ
֮
ФԷʱ̺
ϣһүһϲФԷЦǺǵĽĲһ
ʱ̺ͻȻִӻһӸФԷФԷۼֿĽסˡ
Ȼ̺ʾ´˻ڿ˻ݵһ̣üͷôôƣ
ţǷһԡ̺û˵ʵ¸ФԷҪ鷳
ФԷӦ£¥ͻȻʹһۻӵФϰѽ˵¥˹ѽ
Ȼһү겻һ澹ȻǳԷ
̺ⴹüޣĴ˴ڵĲ裬Ȼ󲻶ɫĹ˹ÿ찡
л˵
һξΪ˽衣
ڲοף
ʡѧݣɽġйŴˮǻۡ



43 ѹ
̺⽫°ƿվ, Ȼ̧̤żȣȱߵɽ̴ľģԾӸµĿ·
¥µռҺ׸, ֱͷҡ
̺߲᲻صĿŶ˵λ, ¥
Ȼ᲻ȴ, ΢΢Ų֪
λҲƴ, ˻һ¾һǰһ¥
ǰŸ¥, ųҲһһ˽
ФԷһԵĶ˲ˮĻʹһɫ, æɤȥ¥µĶˣλ¥, ¥ǡ
λ໥˿ȻҲ¥µ¥
һ¥ĿҲ׷˽¥ĹͣȻһԽյĴ׸
һ¥ӭ, һʱ¥˶¥λͳ˺ġ
̺, λҲ˳ߣ̺ɫ˵һ仰λҲͶĲֺȡ
һ̺¶һЦ
λ, ǺþòϵЦһζЦ, ǡô
λҲЦŻү
ҼһеŮˣܹѲׯôõģѰŮˣЦ, Ȼ˵㵹ǻø, ǻΪ㲻عء
̺һֵֻ, Ȼǽڷֳ򦣬һִֻϥϣﻮŪɫ
ڻԵҲˡ˵˻˵̺ô˵¡
һԵռҼվԲүңҲǻؼңĶĸòû
ʱЦ
̺ҲЦһ¼Ҽ׺Ҳߴ󣬺겻Թ϶̺ⱧһȭȻ˵үĸҲֻɰɣ
̺˵ߵͷȻ¶һԺЦλЩɵϾ̺û֮ǰҲճڲ˵
ȻҪ̧̧̺֣һԵФԷæк˽λ»˲ˮ
ү˵ˣαظộҼ˹µĲˮһ˵
̺ҲͲٲҴţֱӾ˵ֻһҪ˵պ߹ļ䣬κһˣֽܲ
Ҽɫһڣ˵ү㲻ΪϾ˴٣ҪǼķɣ
ǰǰ
λվ͡
̺ͷ̧ƽǰ嵭˵ƽ˵ˣ
˵Ĳ豭ͺݺݵ˵ϣһžĲ豭Ҳ˲ֵǮ
Ҳλͬһʱ䶼˻ȥ
ռҼһȻЩΪѵĿ̺˵үδҲ̫Ϊ˰ɣҲģҲ֪ǵҪ԰
̺һҵȻ׵ģ˵Ȼ֪֪ģʱ᲻ɵˡ
¼Ҽһһվƨɻڰоͱ˻ȥڨڨ˻ȥ
Ȼ󷴲ƾʲô˵㣬ôˣ
һҲƾʲô
̺治ɫ²
ƾʲôأλҲҰᵽϾȥˣϾǵ׸ҲǵڶеĽһҪһֹ˶١
Ŵ治ɫ˵Ҫǵ˹ճճǾûĴ׸ˣ֪𣿡
һأûһ׺ݵζƫƫ˵һֺѹȸУζ
λͬһʱ䱻ҭס뷴ĻܵߣֻѹϽɫ
ФԷԱһ㵵ҡҡͷүȻǸү
ֳ˺ܾã̺ҲƵĶһ²˼ڣȻЦĿһۣ޹˵λô˵ˣ
˻ǲ˵
̺Ц˵˵ΪҪ׮ô
ռҼȳæЦӭ˵׮ҲֲүĽͲˡ
Ȼ˳ҲʶʱΪܣ׷ױʾ׮ˡ
̺ĵ˵ͷҲǵ˱˻ԵˣȻ˵ڳĵƤȡһǮׯһֱΪߵѺŲţҲû취ȻǸĳһӣҲһ飬ǵƤҳǣÿֻʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һô˵أ
˵Ƥ̸ʱǾԲ˵ķֳɼۣһ㶼/Ļֳɡ
ʮ֮һ˵飬Ӧ˵Ǻͼλһѡ
ԼͬվȻ׷׹ֶ̺лү
̺˵ͷ̸˾͸Ƿ֣˵ҼȻ¥¥λԷǾͲ˷ǮλԺúȺãٶͷϡ
λУʧǱȻȵǰƤֵǮö࣬߹׮δ֪̫࣬Ƥʵʵˡ
˵̺ǵ飬ʵ˵ĸ˱ˣܽύ̺ˡ
̺ʱľ֮ˡ
иͱҪлر㱻̺ġ
.
λ뿪Ժѽҹ̺⻻·ȥ鲻Զ·ȥһЩ죬Ȼְ˵ȥ巻
ֻǰŸ̤巻һ¡
榺˵ǸͷϵǸƲ巻ԵһƷȫͨƷȥ򣬶СФԷҪҵķΧ
Ҳʱ̺ףԭ巻˼
һ˲һůԵ綼ů
߽巻ǷϰæòɣҪ
̺⿴ϰһЩϵģƫģ欣ġ
̺ʣⶼ
ⶼϰ˵ͷһֵЦȻ˵ǵǹ涨˹ʱģʱ͵ùţ˭ʹġ
̺ⲢΪɫˣЩʣ»Ҫġ
һЦǰ˼֣˵ϰи㣬Ҽҷ岻ãƽڼŮƣͷĲˣһЩȥⲻȥҲýġ
˵úܶˣϰȻŹصˣҡͷݸ˵Ҫҿ巻Ϊһ˻˹صġ
ϰš
̺Щˡ
ɫĮ˼֣Ȼɨһ巻ĹѾĬĬıĶһˡ
תһ룬뵽˼ǸˣǮڷϺá
Эã
ϰ̺಻Ǻ˵ˣѾ˰롱ȥ׼û뵽ֻ΢˼һˡ
ûȻõģϰӡͰ̺˳ȥ˵ӣд㡣
̺һл뿪ˡ
ϰ˿Ͼǵһ׸ôõ㲻ǰʡ
ϰ˫ֲС˵ΪҿҪԸˣ̤ǵһ˲䣬ҾͶ˲ˮȥź˺ðɣ
˵Ϊʲôдզϳˣɻʡ
ϰ̯˼磬Ķ֪ľǣ̺ˣСС巻Ҫذ¿
ԼϰһİŮϵöϰﶼŵġ
ͱյ𣿡ʡ
ϰ˵ͷ˰ɣҲؼҰɣºٻɡ
Ӧȥشˣϰ̾˿ȻתԺ巿ȥôҲԺúõϢһˡ
.
Ĺ̺Ѿǽ巻ˡ
ϢµĲᡣ
ȥ۷޷ǾǸϰ۷Ժ˵ҪŰ£ʼǴǻؼˡ
̺ϰһԺǱԺ޵ĲۣںԺ˺ܾòŵ
ϰǰһ֣ȣ˺һ䵭ģߵÿһƺǾĴģȻ󻹻ͷ˿Žȥ
̺ȥԺǽͷݶȻͶȥƬĶ
氲úܣֻƺڷŪֽŵһʹһַݷɿ
̺üͷ
˴ƿæԺУȻһֻ׸ɿųŷص˳
̺²Ҷֻ֣ܿŰ׸ڿһȦԺȥ̺æŷתһȦﲻ֪ʯӴ˳ȥ
׼Ĵ˸ӣ̺˷ȥѰֻİ׸ˡ
ҵǰ׸ʱſڵϼѵ˶ų򣬿ȥˡ
̺ȥӣȻȡϵ
̺
㣬īδɣƵֽŻһī㡣
ϰȻ⡣
̺һҲīӻͳһѡһϰķȥһһֻֽ//˦ذ׵ģ
ϰ˳غţһĶľϣ˴Ȼʲô
æ˫ֽ˵λл˵
̺˵ȥ
ϰﲻҷżæŵȥƿţȻ̺Ĳٿ˽ȥ̺ǰŸսȥžͽˡ
ϰʿˮεε˵ʲôѽ
̺ź//ֻɵľȻŲŽԼ¶ϰǰ
ϰڿ̺һ㶣գգͻȻЦ~
Ҫһƥϣ˾ǣαأһ˵һͼȥƿ̺ذףû뵽̺˿
̺ü壬ʣ֪˭𣿡
ϰһ£ȻЦû֦չ˵ǵһμţô֪˭
Ŷ̺Цһ£Ȼָ̧֣ŷϰŴУ˵ң㷿ɳȥʲô
ϰգգۣȻЦŴԲ˵Ķ֪ǷˣǴǰ˵ˮأ
ָŴǸջˮ˵
̺ûʲô˼ЩЦһ£Ȼ//ƵøһЩҪͼҳеûģϾҿǸˡ
ϰķһ̺ľŵһһ㶵ġ
ˣҲֻǸµģαΪأϰ̾һϢֹ˵ˣһֺѰŮ
̺ɫ糣˵˭£
ˣǲûҪǸɱ֣㱻ץס㹩˭𣿡ϰһ˵
ûּ裬㲻˵Ҳ֪㱳߹á̺µģɲǰŽ榵ʱˡ
ɫ·һͻɱһ
ϰʣô֪
û˵֪꣬Լ̺赭д仰·ˣ˵̺ⲻȷ߹ãϰͰʵˡ
ϰҾˡ̺ⲻ飬Ȼ׳ϰﱳ߹ãҪˡ
ǰ巻һϣΪƹղӰۣǾ̭һϣֻ֪ϵʱôġ̺ʡ
ϰͷ̺⣬̺ͼ˵㲻˵Ҳûϵ߹ӦѾˣӦҲ֪ʲôˣǸƦһһѻ巻ǸǮˣһ޽һһģһ巿ȫȻĶԼȥϰ
Խ˵ϰﷴӦԽ󣬵ϰͻȻͱ˳˫һȥ̺æ˺//
ϰ޵滨ģ̧ͷֵ̺˵˾ĺݵ
̺ⲻΪ
ϰͿ˿˵ǲҵʱͷָ˷Ľöûؼȥˡ
룬߹ֲܵ飬˵ӦҲûʲôɣ
̺ɫ˰Ȼȥϰƽӣʣﻹе𣿡
ûˡͷ
ʵʵģ̺ҲͲΪϰȻվӸµĿϰ˵İɣﶩĲϲġ
˵ͷҲص뿪ˣģúܡ
ϰͷ׼ޣǮ˲𣿣
뿪˵۷˻̽һͷϰ˵ȸһĲ˵Ҽá
ϰ㶣Ȼü
.
巻ﵢˣظʱѾҹˡ
ŽѾ˯ˣûýȥ
ɫ¹ֻмԺм֮⡣
̺һȥ䷿һûû飬ķתţﵹ˺ܶĶ
Ҳ֪ϰͿʲô¶մ´ͷϣô˶ûҪɢȥĽط˯
ƿϰ䷿ķţӭ
ȥѰһ˯ҹ治˵ܰģŅ̀߳ȥת׼ȥһԺʱһִ
ɾ
̺˵ϣû߶
榼ǰʣɾϰ䣬Ԥط˯ôԺˣ
̺Ҫô˵أ˵Լڽȥܻǹ
Ҫ˯ģֻǡ˯ţȥתת̺תϲ˯⣬ӣŻɫĶվ
𣿡榵˵ͷҹЩʧߣþû˯ţ̺ԺĶȴٳٲҪ
ڵӾһӣڼɷɷԸָо
̺Լ͸ˡ
ˣҸ־Ĳϣȥ̺߽䷿ϱ˳
ǰȥϣȷʵһһĺòϣ̺˵лɾˡ
̺һЦ֮䣬л
Ȼ̺˵˵ʵģҽʹ巻ˣ˵Եϣָ˵ʱǼ
е֪̺һ֪⣬ȻҲûʧ
ʱ̺ҡҡͷ˵ûУܺòģԸȥġ
ãܲͿʡܴˡкã˵һЩ
Ϊ˵ĵѡ̺⿴Ž榸ˣҲ;úá
˵䣬̺⺦½ͷ˷䣬͸¯յ䶼ůġ
Ͻ榷ûŮǰȥ࿴ۣ֣ûȥ
榿ˣȥȻݸ̺˵ѧ˫壬ƺûյҪܳ
̺⿴κϸ΢ĲŶ˽榵Ļȥĥһ¡
ˣʵڿʲôõĵط̺ӵ˻ȥ
榾ͽӷ棬˵ɾҲûµģ㲻壬Щϸ΢ĴҲȻġ
Ļȴ̺ģֲĿ佱ˣʲôһ㡣
ҡͷһЦ
̺ͼ˵ʲô᣿ʲôᡣ
.
̺ʱͺˣ˯µʱѾʱˡ
̺ںͽ˵췢顣
֮ķΧѾڻƵӳ£ֺܺгģܰ֡
ԭЩʧߵģɵǸı۰ڻʱҲܰȵ˯ȥ
Ժ룬ҿܵһֵġ
˷硣
ڵš
̺⿴Ż˯˵ĶһͿˡ
л˵

̣Һ˧̣°ͣ



44 ¶
ܺͽ榾ȵĹһ, Ǳòģ»һĽǽ榵һֱ̫á
̺ĳȥһĲ졣
.
ڶ, Ƶ˶Լ췢ù, ̺ѵû𴲡
Լˣ˼ȥΪԼһ, һ̰榵Ĳ
̺ӵһЩｿС˶, ˲ͷ, Ȼ˯˹ȥ
榵̺, ʱšüһȻ˫ۡ
̺˯, ˿΢ţһ̧۱͹Գǣɫףƫƫֹͭɫʡ
榳һ, ѹķһĨұ, Ȼͷ˰֡
̺ס˽榽ĺȻ˵ʱ磬˯һա
榾Ͱÿںֺֻֿ, Ĺ̵¶̵ýԽԽļ¡
û˯, ̧̺üŻƣ룬㲻̿ڽҲֻܾȥ⡣
ĬнһյĹ̺, ֻ΢΢һͷ, ͺͽϡ
æɿ, Ȼ˵ʲôʱѵģôң
Ҳֻϸһ¾˵һɾˡ
̺ɫͻȻɬһڵȻҲЩŽ榡
գһۣԲ̺ô
̺̾ϢһȻͷ̧榵ļȥ˳ֵͷ
ǽ±˯Ͱ͵ģ©˴룬ɫǵϵҲӳĵƤѩףһУȻ
̺£ֻ͹͹Ѫƺͻһͻţýľġ
æһѣٿ̺ʱѾߵˡ
̺Ȼ污ģر˴£ȻתȥԼЬ˱£ϾλȥˮƣҲ㣬ԽҿԲȥˡ
΢΢ݣ̺⳶ķʽԶôӲÿһζΪһ̨¡
ɾ˵巻ϰ߹ʶǽղȥһأǰһЩ˵
Ҳ˴ߣ˫ŲЬϣȻֳڱϣ΢΢ǰ̽һЩ
ѾЩǻʲô𣿡̺⴩ЬתͶȥ榵Сסˡ
ݵһ߸榴Ьһʡ
榾һ£æѽȥȴֱ̺ס˽ףʹϰ
ɾɡЩԾɫ˼֡
̺˵ʲôɵģҸҷ˴ЬϾûһд԰ɣ
̾һϢü΢ķǸұһӿͷ
ȥӦ̺ոյĻɾҲģΪʲô߹أ
̺һ£ȷʵû뵽һ㡣
Ҫ뿪˰ɣ뵽ϰҹкߣȥ巻Ϳ˰ɡ
ƽ˵˭˵һҪȥ巻أ
֮ǿȥϰļ
̺ͷŽ榣Щǵûȥأ
ģ뵽ȥ۷ģֻΪľĿˡ榻
̺ѵ·ˣ˹Ȼվϲ˵֪ˣǷˣþܵ
Ҳܱ֤ǲڼңɾҪЩˡҲվ˵
̺Ӧá
.
ǽ˵ϰļҺܺô·˺˾һ׵СԺ
ɫľʴţ̺ǰȥš
ʲôѽܿ죬ϰＱõĳˣȻ˴š
̺Ȼ档
ϰ
̺⣺ϰ㲼ˡ
δ꣬ϰ͵ĽŹϣľŷһǽϹŵСƺ˶
һԿţЦһ£ЩΡ
ҲваϽ߰ɣˣҾˣϰ󱳵ŴţȻ׶溰
̺һ᲻˫ϣ߷ߵĿ˴һۣȻ˽榣Ҫ˵Ӧһ
æֹɾĪҪʧ񡣡
ǰ˼˵
̺λó
̧ţʾǱߵעȻ񺣬ңǽ榡
ס󱳻ŰϣȴݺݵһѾϤˣǸ˵ȷʵǵá
ˡ榼˵
һԵ̺⳹ͷǣԣţʶ巻ϰ
榻䣬ɫĴžͱ͵Ĵ򿪣һɫװϰͳ˶˵ǰ
Ž̲סȦ
榣صغ˽һ
µĵ˵ͷ
񺵱֪ӵý岻ãſ֣榾̧ǰȥ˱񺡣
˵ôŻعհŽ榵Ƶʡ
榽ͣ岻ãһֱԸԶţΪɾհ£Ҿ͸һˡ
˵ɾʱ򣬻ͷ̺һۡ
Թ´̺⣬뵽Ǻ//ĵԼϵ£ۣɾǸú
榺Σ񺽫Լȥ
ɾòˣһͷ˵ģ㲻Ҫȥˡ˽ݣ榰˵
˵Ҫôôç
ˡçŵ̺ӣЩڨڨ˽һЩ
ɾç򡣡ץ仰ص㣬ȻŽͣԭҲ֪㣬Ϊ뿪ʱ㻹ֻ巻һôˣҲ֪뿪巻ûУż˲֪㡣
˱죬벻ô꣬ͼΪ/ˣҵʱΪҪԶһء
榣޳
Ҳǡ˵ͷ
ͻȻʵңΪʲô
ɾǹֵģ˹߹Ĵԣ鵽һЩ̰ܻߵĹǣ߹ԲŴӺ߹ϵʻˡĽͣһԵ̺⽩ţǱ˵Ѩһ
ƶǶĵ˵ͷȻ˵㻹Ҫʲô֪ĶԺ˵ҪӦһ¡
ȻŵȻͿ۾˵ͷ
һں˵ʰɡ
ҲֱܻӾʣ߹Ϊʲôϵ
Ϊ巻ϰȫ¡ͽ榵ŲıضŽ˵
榳΢˼һ£ʣΪʲôҵ㣿
ҾͲˣǰɣͻȻϵң˵巻ϰֻҪ˵УԭҪʲôΥĹҿɾͲˣҲֻҺúþӪ巻ٺǼ赭д
榵˵ˣĬһȻӻŻǸʯ߹õĻ񣬡ϵô
񺿴˿ʯһֽȻ˵ϵãǰһƬһ˺ԴǰǳֹҾûмˡ
ǡ巻Եһϣ榵˵㻭ߵǸƲֽ˵ôģ
£ӵԱؤȥˣǰϰܸǵҲСϸĻһ˵
ƭң̺ͷӦ˹ָЩ
һ˵㵶ֵܵҲһܱѻˣ
仰̺ò֪˵ʲôǽ榳˵ɾҹеˣĪҪһͷú˵ġ
ûɶ°ɡ˻ֺǴ˵㻹ʲôҪʵô
ϸһ£ȷʵûʲôʵˣȻҡҡͷ˵ûˡ
Ҫʲô£ʡ
Ұ߹ΪϰĻᣬϣǵʱ飬һ·͵͵˵
ҪЩ¡榽˵
аɡ˵ͷ
榾վ˵Ҫллͬ˵Щˡ
㲻ú˵лл񺿴Ž˫˵һֱǺýá
šһЦصصһͷ
ˣǶ˾Ͳ߶ˣɾ߽ˣ˵˵榻
Ҳ˵ͷУȥɡ
Ȼתû߼ͻȻֽס榣
ת
֣榾ȥȵߣŽȻѹ˵ĶҵķʵڲѽҪǴ۸㣬ǲ޻֮
ͷ̺һۣú̺ϣ̺ﴽЦ÷á
ЦЦͬĻİգҺܺá
ŷŵɿ֣Ҳаɣ˵ʲôʲôһҪúչԼЩʱҲˣϾ߹ò֪ʶ
á³Ӧһؾĸ̺뿪ˡ
ȳСԺ̺վڽߣһֹģ
榲ͣ½Ų̧ͷ̺ʣɾҪʲô
Ҳûʲôɡ̺ǲڵͷ
榾˵ʶģڹСסһʱ䣬Ƕʱʶġ
̺˹
ԭô
Ȼ榵һͷȻǰߣմһƯĵɫѣë񣬺Ҳû磬Ҳ䡣
̺ȥ
ʱδͷһγˣ榺ûйֵ飬ĿܿɨܱߵС̯δǵ
̺£һһ֧һһֻȻߵĽҪҪʵҲҪҪΪ˵ҪҲˡ
.
ظǶ·̷ˣ̺ⱧһѶͽ榲ߡ
ôߣ榵ͷŵλãɹ⿴Ӱɣһ˵ϵİ䡣
ˣѾĴ׸飬ӳɽЩʿ壬Ӧֻʣ˰ɣ̺ͻȻ
ͷ̺˵ӦˣûЩ֧֣ӦûţʱҪȥҵ˽ľڣ̰ܻߵ֤ˡ
̺°͵߰Ķ¶ȥ˵һ֡
ε̾һϢȻͣù̺һЩС˵㲻Ҫˡ
ҾЩöÿ̺˵ϿҪ榵ǿ̻ˡ
ͷǰߣɾǻ˵˵ĺûˡ
ԩˣ̺໽ţҶԷ־䶼ġ
榶ʸǳĺΡ
㿴ֺˡЩϸһζ
̺Цúܿġ
΢粻ʹȫݾ㣬ֺš
Ƕõأͽһ𣬾ʲôҲߣͺˡ
.
ص˸̺һɵҲûȥͱƵһֽ
ƹ˵ܴġ
ҹˣ̺ùȥĿ˿ʡ
˵ǣƼ
̺룬ҲȷʵҲǹյʿˣӳôɲȷ
Ͼӳ֪Լסͻᴦ£ӳȴԸԼһ⣬˵ӳɾְô
ǲԸĶȥκ˵ģӳɲУΪŽ榡
˼䣬ʱ榡
㶣ôˣʡ
̺æҡͷû£ӳ˵ѾʿǱˣôˡ
̫ˣӦó߹þǹԮˣǵжҪܶˡԺá
ǣܷ㡣̺ظ˽榵ĻһĿŽ榣Ҫһ㡣
.
ܿ죬̺Ϳʼֵ쿵һˡ
Ĵ׸͸ʿ˳ԺʹڱıԵˡ
ҹܵ߹ȥʱ߹ţ͹߹ǰͣĴš
ôţǷ˺ܴܷһЩ졣
߹ã߹ãҡ
ʹ飬ĵöľˡ
ãǺصڱһܽһ˵ķ죬ứ̧ͷȥŵˣһЦ
ˣҹ߶ţΪ£ʹ³˵Цģһˡ
ʿˮæͣǡǸ̺ӳɣǿҪұƷˣ
üޣȻһ·
ǽȥ˵ա΢΢˵
æվȷʵĽ߹
ǰһһʮ߹ýֻ߹øһӣڳ߹ѾǹԮˡ
ֿѾӻòˣϾһ·ϣܲȥٹ߹мɡ
Ȼ߹ȴ˵û˰ˣҸӰ
ûǮ취õǮǮһ̺ɾһҲˡ߹ÿơ⡱ѣʵѾҪ쿱Ͼ·ˡ
Ѿ߹õ˼߹þȥٹ
ߡ߹ãҲҽٰץɱͷĴﰡ쿼öҪ޳ˡ
߹úǺǵЦȻ˵ˣ˽ÿⷿ˽ľڣһɱͷĴ㻹ںٶһ
ǡЩû˷쿵ĽҲǺ
߹˵Ҳ˲ְ
쿳Ĭ˺ܾãֻֻŪָóȷʵܾᡣ
һԵͼӴ׵˵㵱ȻҲԲȥٹĳŵҲˡ
𡭡𰡡쿿ɥ˵һᰲġ
ֻϣǶλӦҵһҪˡģҲٺʲôˡ
ǰȥȻɨһ˵Ǻء
㲻ʧġ˵ǴӦģ϶ġ
л˵
ɶ񣬿̫ÿ׷綼ʱ䣬ǳǧ֣



45 ˮ
Թϸĥһ, С۾ĴתȻ߹ýűߣ°˵߹, ߹, ˡ
Ҳʧġ쿱ᶼ䵽߹õϡ
߹õͷſ쿣Ȼ΢΢, ɳƴֲڵ˵̺Ⲣ, ٹͲҪ, ھһլôҲܵεʧ, Ȼֻǽ, ϾôҲܲˡ
լӾ쿵
լӻһʹ죬ٹʵ
ô붼һڵĳ̶ȡ
ȥ·һ䶼ǻججģٹǸʮԴҲҵ£լӾ, ʱ׬Ǯ
ֻҪȼ, ˾ʲôˡ
.
ҹ̺ջصƾ͸쿵ȥ߹õ飬ֻ̺ϸһ, Ȼͻ˻߿ˡ
Ȼһ, Цȥҽˡ
ǻһè̺ˣæﶺèĶվ
ӭǰȥɾ, ʱģ
յ, ˳·һ, 㿴ûϲġ̺⽫˵ݸ˽榡
ʱ´˿װ֣Ȼζ˵СʳϼͰǱߵĵ̣ôҲ˳·ɡ
̺˿ȣȻͣȥǱ߰˵£͡˳·ˡ
ʵ˵˳˳·ѾҪˣһůɫ³˼֣ϲ
ϲͺá̺ͷܲ
һԿú壬ӻСè°ͣȻζĻ˵ǻһȥɣɱű˿
˵ҪߣæסС£㲻𣿡
㣬ģҿɲҪһ˵һߣԽԽСԽԽԶ
ǽ榲˼ˡ
̺ļ磬һȻ£Щһһ򿪡
һЩɹ۽榲ʳЩɹǺܲ
̺һŸɺ棬ɫȻ˵Һӳɿʼˣһ춼ûһֱǸʦүдǡ
Ȼ󷽲ҵ˸ң쿵ȥ߹á
榽ҧһڣɵĺﱻô졣
ԽżԽ˵йɾֻܴ󵨵Ĳ?ȥˡ榽Ⱦ֬Ŀ֬ɫıһЩˡ
̺⿴ı᲻Ծ¹һ£Ȼ΢Ƶ˵ڲ飬ֻߵǸʦүܻ£û֡
榽ʣµһҲԵˣȾһûзǲԸڵġ
̺һ榵һȲ裬Ȼ̧ĽǵһĨȥˣӲĽһ£̺ɫ糣԰ļ¶
еѰ죬ںˡָ̺һŻݸ
榽ӹɾ˵Ǽ۸ľڵģɻǵģ
Ȼǵá̺Ȼ֪ΪʲôôʣǹԹӦˡ
榱˵һǻȥҵǣѾˣǾҵǵļˡ
̺⾪һ£Ϊǻصòɾ
۸ľɱͷĴǱǱȵģǾͻ±֤ݵġ榽͡
Ըأ̺ĵ
榺һڲ裬ɫްһЩһǳ£Ǿܴȥɣǰ־Ʒô
̺Ĭһ󣬽΢΢ţ־²Ѱ
һ̺ĴָԵؿ佱Ƿˣ
죬Ρ
ˣʱʦүأ㡭᲻̫ˣ̺ЩĽ榵ӳԲ
ȻҲǵ㣬Ͼһ໭㹻ʱˡ
˼Ƭ̣ǱһİɣȽһλ沿˻ûͿˣˣļ֪֪飬ܹǿҵ취ġ
ã̺صصһͷ
.
ҹǺʱˡ
һˣʹôһ»ʵʱֻ΢΢
榾׼ȥ۰ȴ̺ȣƹּӲĶȴޱȡ
ûȥע񣬶ǰڽ榵һ߸۰һʣ榣Щ𣿡
榵˵ͷͷȥ̺֣Ϊϰ䣬ָǴֲڣֱ͹׾ٵľͽı۰סˡ
һ㱼䣬ͻȻǸΣһ˫֣ݺݵǯԼⶼָһЩ
ˣ̺һЩȻĻ
һ˽榵գһգĿšţ
ʲô񣿡̺ΪΪμġ
ҡҡͷûʲô
ɿ̺۾ҵıۡ
Ȼѱ۰˻˵ûˣɾȿЩطûá
̺εĻȥ˻榿̺ĲӣͭɫƤԵǿƵѪ룬ڽԽۡ
榱һۣ˼
װúܿ죬ߺӾʣҶȾۣ֬ǲǳĺȴ˶ϣָⶼȾޢĺΡ
̺ûע⵽Ŀ˻ϣ¿˿ĵͷ˵˻˿
ûǱõġ΢΢ĸ
̺վؿڣȻڽ榵Ľűͷ˵ھȥ㲻صһ
̺ȥµģ榵ͷӦ£̺ǣַڴһ¡
̺ʱůģĴҲůֱʱĺݺһ
زȽ˵ʲôˣ̺ˡ
ڵôߣڲ˽榶̬ȵı仯ֿʼ̰ࡣ
Լ֮ǰһϿǶԵġ
Ķ̰ͣġ
Ϊһʼֻϣʶÿ춼ˣ־ýԼ½䱸ľͺˣȽ榶½䱸ģôԶ˵ʱֿʼ̰榵ˡ
榻ͷ̺ԶıӰÿָ΢΢һ£ڲһ
.
̺һ˺ܿҵ˻ϵˡ
˽ʯ࣬һ˽ӵĽòٵ֣޶סڰ
Ѿʱˣ¹겻ͣʱ˶ˡ
̺һɫѣխ䣬ӿ´ֻԵĿխһοշڽͷβ״
վʯǰɫһȻ̧֣һǰš
ʱһǰ˴š
Ҫ˭ͺ̺ϣʧɫɫٿһ±ò԰
ʯ࣬ü˳һŴ룬߳ġ
ʯŵæҵȥţȻͱ̺ߵһ߿˴ţѵһ죬ʯҲ˱ݺݵĳ嵽˵ȥˤƨɳ˺ü顣
ƨϵıǹ졣
Ե쿵ĻȻʣ֪ɣ
ʯ຦µص˵ͷҡˡ
Ȼ̺ҪʻʱڴһŮʯ˭ѽŪôĶ
Ҫݳˣʯæúɵ㸾˼ʲô£ȥ˯
̺ǰһţѣú˵
ʯæſڵϣӣסĵͷ
ûΪһᶼƢҲûгֽɣϽ˵˻˯ɣ㻹Ҫȥ˽ӽء
ϣϵġʯԼ˿̬Ժöˡ
Ǳߣ̺û˶ſڣ֪˭𣿡
ϡϾģ򡭡ˡʯսսĻء
̺ⲻĹһ´˵Ӧ֪ɰɣ
ʯҡͷ̺۾΢΢һУŲ֪ΣϢ棬ʯֺݺݵصͷ
̺⹴˹˵˵ɣ۸ľڿǿͷһ㣬㣬һˡ
˵Ż˵ģͿʯϲ
ʯǽһڹʹؿȻɳ˵ҡǱƵİʦүҴҵңҴֱӾҴ۸ľڣ˵ҪǲԸ⣬ɱҵļˣ󡭡֪ģ޶ҵ
˵ʵڿһѱһ˵Ҳϡ
̺ü룬Ȼʣ㣬˭
һʯлҵһϽֵ޶ʯڵϷŶ¶ͬеʱ˵ˡ
ǼﶼЩʲôˣ̧̧̺°ͼʡ
ʯͿĿİ˵޶иŮллҵһˡ
̺˵ͷͷһۣ˵ȥǸʯлҵץϽôԶ
ǣ¡
̺ƳʯһۣӺ˵Ӻõ㣬еûĳ˼ҺҲú壬ֲĻ
ʯæͷӦúúã˵ĻСĶˡ
̺վֱת̧У͸ȥߵʱ򻹽Ŵȥ
ʯ࿴ŴŹϵһ̣һ̱˵ϡ
֣ʱԶʱ̵ʱҲϽ޶Լǰȥõš
Ѿ˯ˣûӰӣţһ
ˡ˵
ֵֻ̺ĴĴָϣ򿪵һĿźˡ
ű򿪣ӳһɵĹԼĪʮӣһԷ٣ģɵòС
̺һģʮŵúϺǾ֡
̺ɫȻЦİȥʣСòҪ£е¡
ҵҵӲ˯ءСﻹЩ£ȫǽ䱸
˵ڻԵ
̺ⲻóͺӴ򽻵ߵ̧һ֣ǰȥ˳˽˵鰸ȥ
СѾʮˣȻ鰸Ƕˣ¾ܻȥмĴˡ
̺ζĿ˿Ǹ˽һۣȻЦһǰȥļ˵á
ŪǸҲԵġ
ʱ޶ŮĲ߳ˡ
̺⿴üͷ
޶ż첻Ͳ˫׵øֽһۿն񣬷·һҪˣ˿ȡ
̺һ̣æȥݼ֪˴ݹ٣СʧԶӭˡ
̺üͷ˵վ˵ɡ
޶ŮĲվ
ŮһۣԴ˵ȥյˮȡ
ŮԹԵĵ˵ͷܻˡ
ˣʲôʰɡ޶̾һϢ˵
̺ҲͲҴˣȥ۸ľڵ¡
·Ը˵ҪǲԸ⣬ͽҵŮȥ룬ЩҲΪ¸еֲ̿ⲻӻԺȾ˷纮Ҳûá޶ε˳
̺ʣͷ۸ľڵ֤ݡ
ߵʱ׼Ǵκζߣǵ޶˵ֿһ
Ժ󣬾̺ΪһҪʱͻȻ˵ˣҷ˵鷿棬һשǿյģҵʱעһűĶľڣҪŵùȥңӦû֡
̺һϲƫͷһԵ˵ȥܴˣ鷿ש档
ȥ
̺⿴ſȵ޶ɵ뵽˽榣ʱҲʹࡣ
üͷʣ㲡˿
ҹˣ˵Ƿ纮Ҫ޶Ц
̺⿴ʣաûʲôҽ
ǰкܶ࣬ҽ߹𣿡޶ЦһЦ
̺˿̾˵Ųá
޶ҡҡͷûʶ
޶ùͨ˵ú
˵תˣ߱˵лҵ
.
ӳɴҹͱ̺˽˹ֻ˵Ϣҵ֤ץˡ
òǲԼˣˣһ̾˵鷿ĵש˶
¾ʹһ˴˽ȥ
쿺ʦү鷿ˣӳͻȻ˴˽Ӧľͱ˿ϡ
ܴˣǸʲô쿵һ𣬶Ҫ״
ӳбһۣ˵ĵשˣ
ܴˣǸʲôϾģҲɣӳȻ֪ʲô֪ο϶򵥡
ӳɲϻҲȥЩ¾͸һȥҵذש
ӳѾԤеˣȻûǾʹӵשҵһֽ
ӳɲݲݵĿۣǰȥչʾǰˣϤ𣿡
һգҲˡ
.
ɫѾˡ
̺ûлҵǶʳɶõӳǱߵǴ˺Ϣǵשһľڡ
ӻ𲻹ַԸȥΪ̰ܻ߱ץϢųȥ˵ֻҪṩ֤ݣͻ͡
ЩҲһ̧ͷһɫ
ѾˣʾȻһĨʼձѹƲ㣬ܸоҪк¡
ӳɴſڵ̺⣬ѵöɫһЩô֪ǵשжģ
Ȳ˵ңֻ˵שжץҵذģҲͦбµġ̺˫ֱ⣬ɨӳɼۡ
Ҳ㣬Ž榣֪ܶ鶼ǽ榺˵ġӳɲ̺ǰ˵榣һֳƵζ
̺ЦЦӳɣҲһʶΪ榺˵ҪСһʶ
˵Ȼӳ˵ؼҺͰ˯ȥˣܴЩϢ
ʵһĵС
ӳˣߺ޵һӣȻҲظ
ˡ
漰̰ܻߵ֤ͽǱȥˣʱٳϾʾˡ
ǽˡ
̺˶һЩʱ˵ϾǱߴϢһɽˮĵطլӸǣլ쿡
ֱӰ̺ⶺˣȻ֪լӵԭ򣬲լӵǱǮȻҪȥ乫Ҳ˵û˭Ҳ֪Ǳլӡ
ǡѽ
̺⳶ЦЦȥ榵ǿҡ
.
Ѿǳʱ̣Ǹŵʱ
ȥøɣոհںãǱģһ۾Ϳ̺⣬æȥøɣţ
æվתȥˡ
촩ǱȽؾģϴһֻͷϵҲֻǴһֻɫÿ֬ҲϣɫŰס
˿ȥͿҪϸһ
̺æǰȥݼĸĸ˵ͷ̺ס˽榵֣ҹû˯ɫôô
ҡҡͷ
ֹ̺ģȥȻͷϷ˺˵ҺͰ˵㻰
˵Ž߳ȥˡ
ȵһļɽ棬̺Դʣҹû˯ǲجνˣ
榵˵ͷ
ûн˸ˮһ𣿡̺⿴ŽģĶҪˡ
ҡҡͷȻſڣɾ˵Ҫ𣿡
š
ôô񡭡
һίСϱأ
̺һľͷҲˣڵ
̺Ǹϲǵ˴󱦲һ
ЦúܿģԼȥȻ˵һЩµʱ䣬Ϊ˾տĻѾɹ׽ˡ
ｪҲ£뿪̺Ļ̧ͷ˵ôҵ֤ݵģ
̺ͽ´µĽ˳ȥ
ᵽԼһȺȥ˵ʱǳ˵ԼʱǳİǷԲʮû˸ҹ
ɽţȴܾԼ˵е񡭡ô˵أǽϵåһ
ϾԲˣҲһ
̺ﻶϲѽ榵ȻŵԼͷϣ˵Ҳң
̺ΪʲôͻȻôҪ󣬲ͷ棬ָ΢΢һ£ȻӦ˵
ɾֻһϾͽôһ¡̫ˣǰ̺ʱô仰ֱ׵ġ
û뵽ֵԼˣҲ޻˵
̺ûϲɬģ಻סĻϲͷڽһѵˮǡ
ǸǺᣬ̺ⶼΪԼûȥɽȴһ£˫һĶۿɼٶ˺Ρ
ûۣ֬ҲȾһĺΡ
ϸ̺⣬Ķø
̺Ǿ£鲻ԽģƫƫŪý榺ɬָ˺졣
̺ýƤԼҲЩ˼æȥ˵˵̫ˣš
˵֮һĳš
榵ܿ죬̫ˡ
.
Ҳɣûþ˴꣬žƬϡ
̺һҹû˯ʱ˷һأ¶ȥˣƵ죬Щˡ
ڶè̺͸˵ϸڣ榾ŮĲϣ̺Ǹ
̺⿴Ž榵ĲŮܳĽëżһ¡
Ȼʱ̺⻹ǵֲס˯Ϯֳֻ̫Ѩһִϣôͷ˯
û̺ˣ榾̧ͷȥȻͿóŲסˣЦһ£ȻĴ壬Ȼȥ
ɾȥСһôʱ硣ѹС˵
̺˯ðѣס˽ϸ˵ˣҺѽ
֪ȥ˯Լȴúܡ
̺˻ɿ˽Ž榵֣ȻվֻǷֲ˾ơ
Լ˴£ҪЬϴʱͻȻʲô
ˣһûԡ۾˯һЩ
榼ˣǵԼǰ˵ĻЦ֮־ů
ϴˣϴҲԡ˵
̺ѵЬӣ˱ȥ榾ǰȥǱӣ̺˳ƾס
Ȼ˱§˻ˣһ˯ɣҹҲû˯á
΢΢һ£̺֣Эǰ˵һûЬ
̺һͬѽȻ˵Ҹѡ
˵͸榵ĽסˣȻѵЬӣ榵Ľţ
榣˯ɡ̺Ǻ˱Ӻ͵˴ϣȻֽ§˻
ҲˣجΣű˯ţҹһڴϷȥ
һֱ̺Ҳû΢е㲻˵Լֲԭֻܳڵ̺İΣ
.
쿱ץ飬ڹеķͲҵ顣
Ĵ׸ֻ̺ǰǵĴæҲǴ̺ⲻǰңϾ׸ˡ
߹ƺ͸˲ˡ
ĴҺЩʿ˳䣬ץˣҺһͷԸȥˣҲ᲻ðһӡ
֯˳еûˣͲòƳ٣̺⣬ӳ˾Ӧڹա
ڶգ쿱Уʦү
վȻֻƳ죬Ϣʱ˼⡣
գʲôһ졣
ֱϣ·˿̺ӳɸ˴£ץ̰٣ɷݣĺù١
ˡ
æҵ̺⣬ɾɾλˮĴˣȥҵǣ
̺ⲻ֪Ϊʲôô˵˵Ļŵģ¾ȥҶˡ
л˵
ɶ񣬾Ͳһǧˣ
УҲҪдô࣡

ۣȫСʹͺ



46 
ҵˡ
μϡ
˽, ûһ˺ۣϾǲС˺˶ǳͽˮ򽻵, ôϤְλС
̺ⶢŵ߱˰ײʬ, һʱζӳµġ
λ˹ˣհ, Ҳӳ, иݿԱ
Ϊ߹þǵĹߡ
̺˺//, ת, Ȼ˫ȴԽԽ䣬һת뿪ˡ
ʱ, ̺⴩һϮ£һƥ˹ճǣֱɽɽĴɽկȥˡ
ԼĪһʱȥˣ̺ս, ǰŷ˻, ɳͣ
̺ǰһܴɽׯɽׯԻɽׯǳԵ׳, կҲɽׯˡ
̺ͷ, Ȼֱߵɽׯǰȥſڵļ˷׷׼˳ìŵǹƥǰ̺⣬Щ֪Ļ࿴˿
̺ʷǷ, ʹϿûʲô, ǣһƥһ޾ɫ˹, е㲻֪ˡ
Ǹʲôģ㲻֪Ǵɽׯ𣿡˹ʡ
̺⡰һüͷһš
ȥǴ󵱼ҵģ˵ǹ̺Ҫ̺һЦ̧̧°˵
һСܾܽɽׯȥˡ
Щ˶ű䱸ʮ㡣
̺ҲգͷϵĴ̫˹ճǾˣճôڹ
ҪҪѽ榽ӹסϾ̫ʪˣƵ˶Ҫùˣתһ룬ڼֱһ춼뿪榣ӹˣԼ
̺ȵķģɴ׵˵ȥǰӰӣͶǰŲӰ档
ٶŻǼСܣı˻Σ׷ǰ̺Χ
̺ڵϴͷĵⴺɽկôһ겻һꡣ
ûã׾𼱻ǵĳˣŸͷȻȥſڵСܣأأ
СܻûӦʵʲôˡ
Χ˶ڵϵ̺ĬĬľ֣أס
׾ѾʮˣģһҲԵϣѡ
ڿ˵϶ŵ̺ˣԼȺСܶżһΧȥ߹ȥ
ÿЩүүˣһ˵һߣʱ˶ԹԵպվһȥˡ
̺Ǹүүĳƺ˲Լıִ
׾ߣӣҲŶȥ
үҰƽһ̯ӣл˹׾˵౧ȭ̺һ¡
̧̺סȻһڵȥ׾ףһãȻ
ʮĲ֪ôȻҵŸЩ£׾̺⻹û˵ͽ˵һһٵģһЩЦ
̺⻹û˵׾ͿˣͷһãȻ˵үɶ˼
̧̺һۣ˵ȡ
΢ƣ˵껰Ǽһκˮ
׾˹æ̧кˣ˵ˣ̧һӣһ
̺һĿһۣ׾һɵǺǵĶЦ

ǵСֻôߣϰһ裬ǶӰ¡
̺һ̹һЩ׾˵ףе㡣
˵ⴺɽկ⼸ٸ֣׾úܣ־¡
̺Ƴһۣ㲻ҪŰôɽկ͸ҳɲɣ
Ŷɶ¶ֻҪԸҺҵǣ岻ݴǡ׾ͷһЩʧ˵
ʱ̫УӰŲһЩ̺˶¶֮£̵۶ˡ
ָ棬׾̧̧°ͣ׾ӦСŲһЩ̺ǰŲһЩ»صӰ֮¡
̺˵ֵ÷з߹飬¹ҪͻֵܹҳŸӡ
ųӣôֵܹ𣿡׾˵Ĵɽկ
̺ǷĿһۣһǧȫң
׾˵ͷ
°㣿̧̺һͷ
׾ͷίǲҪųǰ˵ųµľ˶ˡ
ǣҲҪԷˡֺ̺һڲ裬ûļ仰Ĺֱ̫任λãزָ̺㣬׾ԼŲ
̺ǰ»صӰ֮¡
ǡٸ׾Լ˵̫ˡ
˭̧֪̺֣һʳָ׾˹һٸѽ
š̺˵ͷ
׾ظ֤Ҹһٸ׳ģ
̺ص˵ͷ
.
һЩģΧתһȦկľҲ̸øˡ
׾Ŵ̺ٿϧˣΪڹٳ˲ٵļҡ
̺һ뵽º͵Ц;ֵ̫ˡ
̫£̺ʰһ·˵Ҫȥˣǵһٸҡ
үģ˵һٸһٸԸǡ׾˱䣬Ȼظ
̺Цҡҡͷˡ
ûߵöã͸оЩͷ˵ովǽѵˡ
һ¾Ʋͷֿܵˡ
.
Ȼص˹վһˣ쬵ķ綼ȥ
ɪһ²ӣ͸ϻ˸ȥˡ
λ˵ѶʹˣǵصĹ֮˵Щϰղ֪˭ͷʼ׷״Ǯ߹ýʽ롣
ѹ߹þ֮䡣
̺ظʱɫˣǳȴֵýϵۣ̺ⶼˡ
룬λ߹þʲô£ʼǵİˣ˵һʼˡ
.
ͤľϣԵİŵȴŷĺ˼š
ϵķ䣬Ȼúܶ࣬Ҳһİ÷廨񣬵ĲϻǸһ㼦Ƥ
ĶԽ˵ˣǻݰɡ
գһۣ˻Լ΢΢ۣȻ˵Щ벻
벻ͲҪˣӡûӦ̺ͻȻ˹ڽԶ˵
æعͷȥ̺⸺վһЦģŽ榡
ǰ˵ɾ²Żùˣ
ʲˣѾùˡ̺һ˵һǰߣȻ˽榵ֵ֣ܵıšüͷʣ
ôط䣿ô䡣
榽ͣ飬Ҫһ¡
ֶֻ̺Ȼ΢΢еζ˵벻׵ҲģӹҪȾϷ纮Ͳˡ
ӦһȻ˵˱¡
λôģɾɲˣʡ
̺΢˼һ˵ҵʱˣӦģҲûϸϾӦŴġ
ɾôλ˵أ榱̺ȥˡ
ǲС飬ǰľ߹ˣˮλˣɢҥԣ޷ֵһĻ̻̣ٽյ˳м䣬һ̡̺𴽽ǳһЦ
ΪʲôҪǸ䲻ء˵̺̲סֹ
߽˷䣬ֹ̺ͣת˵ǾãֻвʵݣŻ֪ôĿġ
ǣѾȥˣŹ˶þܲˡ̺ԹԵͣվڽǰҲֻܵͷܺͽ榶ϡ
榵˵ͷת¯Ǳȥˣ˾˵ʱҪѡһδŮȥ׼Ǻ޹Ůǣ
ǰѾȥˣ¸߹Ǳ߾Ǯģ߹µģŮӽԿɲñ׼ʣµӦҲˣһǰ׼ģ˲Ҫġ̺Ѿ׼ȫˣӴɽկһٸҲΪ˴¡
һ㶣ת뵽£뵽Щ߹Ǳ飬Ϊ˲С
̧̺ͷ͵˵˷İգ첻һ˵ġ
ˣҲܺ߹ͻǰڹհǰܾģֻʱƹˤǺͰìܡЩǵ˵
̺üᣬ̺ıţǼ¶ģüһͣһ
.
ҹˣҰּСͤӣӳһյʪÿҪĵˡ
һһһŵ
ȻͿͤһ͵ŮˣһߣŹŹֵ·ӳʶ߹á
ԶԶվͤ棬ˣ˵˴Լ˵һ¡
˶٣ʣĻǼٵģ
߹ɳػҲƭˣյ˶֪ܺ͹ͨˡ
ӳü񣬿Ц
㻹𣿡߹úǺǵЦ
ӳֱͦ˺󱳣Ȼʣܸңζ㣿
룬ܴ޷ǺһŮйأ㵹Ƕð߹ýصģɾ䶼˵ӳȥ
л˵
ΪʲôôأΪ׷ȥأ첻Ҿ͸ԼžһȣPiaһұȡ

Ȼ֮᲻ˣһ·ֻ֮һѮӦÿˣ



47 ʧ
ӳҭһ, 鸴ӵĿ߹ã˵Էֻ˵ˡ
Ȼ, ܴ˲ͺҴ촰˵, ҶҴţ̸ʲôǲϵġ߹ߵ˳ͤʯ
ӳֻһ, ̹ȻǰȥĶ档
ӳŷ߹վһ, һϮںڰ, ϸ
߹, Ҫ̸ô֪ڲ˾㣿ӳɺ˵
߹õ˵ͷ㾡ܲ, ϾҲܴ˵ְ
ϧߣƲϵ飬һνĵȻ̬ȡ
ӳɱ˵˵Ҫʲô
ҹȻû´ΪǸŮ˿ԺҺ߹òŻӳɵ⡣
ӳɴϵճȭ, üͷһܲõ˵˲ġ
ܴ˼ʲô߹˵, 죬ܴ˳ȥźǵˡ
һССļ䣬ŵĶţҲ, ʵڽܳ߹ʳָ, ٵָȥһЩ
ӳüͷ߹˵õɣҪ̸ס
㲻Ϊ̺Ǹɣӳɼĳ˳ǡ
߹ͦͦ, Ҫܴ˵ˡ
ӳĬһ, , ˵ͷҴӦ㣬һ죬ñ֤ܳһ
ǵȻᣬɱ˵ҿɲ߹ú˵
Ұ㣬أӳʡ
߹ôöͭǮȻһͭǮϴʱȵɢϡ
ܴ˾ʣ㿴󡣡
˶٣ӳСһЩлϲ֮ˣ
߹ÿϵ˵з֮
Цһܴʵ顣
ӳɷüͷֻ˵ʵģ
߹ýϵͭǮˣȻ˵Ϊ˸İζ飿
ܣӳ޸ǱƲѣĶĶŮ֮飿
߹ÿ˵ͷ֮ǰȷʵȷʵѶ
ӳɴϥϵַŶЩĵʣҺɻԵ
Ե߹þҡҡͷ
ӳŭ壬һվȻ߹ú𣺡㲻Ǻųƺ͹Ҫļң
߹µ˫۾ŹĹ⣬ӳɵʵΪͬ飬ܴˣԵԾĪǿ󡣡
ҲţӳɽϵͭǮƵ˵ȥȻһ߷һٶصʯʡ
߹Ҳվͷ߽űߵͭǮȻ˵ܴ˺αŭҼͨǸĸԵȻҲڻ¡
棿ӳɺܴ
߹õ˵ͷȻ˽űߵͭǮʣͬ˵˵̺Σ
߹ô֪ǵֵģЩӳ˵Ҫˣһ뵽߹˵ԵԾĪǿ󡱣;ۡ
ֻ΢˼һ£Щ̫ƶ˵ǣɡ
ԭˡ߹ϷǷЦЦ
Щʲôа취ӳʡ
߹õ˵ͷǱȻ
Ҫôӳɻ߹˺˽榣Զĵһ졣
߹˵࣬ǾɣҰĵžͺá
ǲ߹õĹ֮ģһϵ֮˹ϵͻ᲻ϿɶԷ
Сӳϵĵ뿪ˡ
ȳײӳɵӰ˳ӳ뿪ķʣָ֮
߹һǲģһ󿴳ģϾ߹λôã򵥵ĿԻǻġ
֮Ǵ־Ӧеˡ߹ó˳Ǻ˵
˵˴ɫԱˣü䶼˿
пգǼλϾǵһ˶ɡ߹ýͭǮһף̧뿪æȥ
.
ڶɫڳƲѹ͸̺һͳţҹͬ˵ȥȥѲ߹õݣֻҪڼ֮ǰŮݾС
콪ܾķģ̧ȥɫ;ƾˡ
ڷŮϵǸ̺ģǰºĸһһصĺ˵̺һ̺϶ܸ˵ġ
ƾżһѩȥ̺㣬˺ܰ
ֻһˣûȵϽֻ¡
պȥʰƣС»𣿡
ҡҡͷū澲֪ȷʵѾûˡ
ƽ¶ҽ˵οߵʱ򻹺Լ˵ȥϽܿͻġ
һת۶ˣŵʱҲĸĸֻ˵Ӧúڱ棬ý榲Ҫġ
Ҫˣ˻û
Ȼ»һ˵¸榵
ˣճʱ߹СؼҰɣǴˣӦֻ֪ɣ뵽ʱǲֻ֪£ߵ˻ҡ
˵Ҳ߹дġ
˼ƸѾˡ
üһͣӷɿתţǰҪӦǲҪɣڰʲôҡҡͷ˵ؼңǲõš
ɫȻ΢
һҪȥסĸЩ˯²ҪĲǡ
ţ߹Ҫ޷ǣ̺ˡ
治һǣס̺⣬û̺ıҪǡ̺ȻͬԼǰȥġ
鸴ӣֻϸһȥĸˣҪȽĸסǡ
.
̺ʱûţǰѾ¥ùˣûԸ
ֱȥҽˡ
Ѿϴˣڻ¯Կ飬̺
ֻ̺Ҫʱ򣬽榾̧ͷС̺Ŀ
ˣڿ飿̺ϴ쬵ġ
ɾùˣ榷˵ͷȻʵ
̺˵ͷ˳ưڽˣЦͬ˵ѾǸ߹ݵһЩˣ͵ФԷʵԺǾüĿˡ
ݸֽվ̺ͬ˵ɾŴһ¡
̺أûжൢȥţҲˡ
ƺȷûˣС̺ͬ˵ɾһ㿴
˵ţʹݸ̺⡣
̺ЩŽ榵۾ȥӹȻͷȥ
һ룬̺ͽһţֱӷԣУ㲻ȥ
һȻĽ榾˵ɱǱߡ
ھʹȥΧ߹̺ˣⶼ⣬˵˲١
榵ܾС
ǵˣһжǾͻ֪ǰӦһȫԲߡ榽͡
̺϶ģý榹ǰ߹ǾԲܵ¡
ӦҪǰȥʱû߹С˵뷨
̺Ҳ;ܾˣ㲻ȥ
ǵҪѾסĸ˾˻ûҲҪͬ飬Ȼֻȡ˵
̺˰벽̬ޱȵļᶨһ᲻ãΣյԲմߡ
ɾھҪȥڰƼ˵Ļɱ˱þͰˣǵʱʬ嶼Ҳ߼˵ҲҲ
̺Ĭ˺ܾãȻ˵츰Լ㲻ȥһðװǰȥ
ôΣðȥ榷ʡ
Ȼ֪ΣգӦҵİ취ѧһ㹦ԱӦûġ̺᲻׽榣øһࡣ
򴽣ɫȻ䣬۵׵ֱ·Ź⡣
Ļû£榲ȷŵʡ
ôˣˣ̺æ˵ȻҪҡ
ھȥܷԸ׼ʱһǾͳȥ߹ʱֻҪȥ߹;һģȻ󳵷ֱӴȥ¥ģһᴦõģ㲻Ҫൣġ
̧̺榵ͷ
Ը⽫ľΪǱʶã̺Դġ
̺ƵģûʲôʱȥϲѽЩϢ뿪ˡ
.
ʱһ乴ƵϣһҲĸ֪½š
̺ϸͬƷԸ˵˸㻯ױʱ㽫ñӴãӦÿԼ棬´棬ֻҪӴ£ͿԶˣһӦġ
һȻĵ˵ͷ˵ū澼ˣġ
̺˵ͷȻԶ榵ʻͷԸ˵ȥˡ
ȥˣڽ榵·ڵʱ򣬰æת䣬ˡ
̺ͣÿͽ˵ˣȥ¥ѾǱ߽ˣ㲻õģһᴦõġ
榿̺ӵ˵ͷȻ̺ŷ³˻ݳˡ
ԼҲ˰ơ
.
һ·΢Σ榼𳵴ȥ棬ɫܺڣǰ·
Ҳ֪Ǳ߿ɲԣûļ룬ƽ·Żҿϰ߿Ӧǻһ书ġ
ֻϣ߹òʶƲźá
ûãԭʻƽȵͻȻսͣ榲ûסʳʲôˣ桰һȻһ˵ϵ
һĿǰ
һ̣ͻȻƿһѰɫķĩ͵˽һʶСڱǣȴҲΪֻоƤԽԽأӿʼ
ֲסУһˤ齣ʧȥ֪
.
˵ģʱ߹ǰۼѾʱˣǽյġ
ٵȥֻ¾͵߹ŵʱ䣬ʱۿ˾Ͷˡ
̺һֲ̫ˣֻԶԶĿǰĶ
ưͷվǰ⿴ŴȷʵͽЩơ
̺ⴹ˼ԷΪʲôˡ
ĪǷʲô
ЩǴɽկˣͽ榵ĶԻ˽µģӦñ֪˰
Ī߹û̽
ǣķǼٵģ
̺ͻȻ뵽ȥ¥Ľˡ
æкһ˵ȥ¥˵û
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.
ͷεƤҪ̧ˣѣзѾۣſյķ䣬ȻѾˡ
ʿˮŬĳߵվܣſһɳƴֲڵ˽ˣ
ŵúȻһƨ˵ϣѣθɢ࣬˦˦ͷԼ
ŷűˣһŹ죬һªֲߵŮ˾˽һˣЮıá
˸࣬æվҪǰȥذױƵµĲӸһЩ
һ榾Ϳ޸ͣһػ㡣
㡭㣬ҡС޵ֱЮֵöã̫ˣ̲סһ
վס˽ţŻ˯ȥ£Լ侲֪ԷôΪ˼Լ
һ侲Ŀ߹ãʣ߹ãֱӰ߲ˣһСʲô
߹ЦһҵֱӰģߵǸѾ粽룬ν
һ¾ͷӳ˹Է˵ľǰƣֻǲ룬ƶǾôв
Ҳˣ÷ɣŬԼƽоԼѾʼʹˡ
߹öԽһĶȻһЦ˵˵
榿֪һеĵֿģЭӦҪȥ
ˣַʽǼ棬ǵˡ߹ȻڵǸڵǸ
榷ЦһûԷ
أ˵۰ķˣ˵ЩҲ֪٣̲סԿǲû뵽㹻˻ϲ۰ˡ߹˵
榲׶Էô˵Щ߰ġ
Ҽɻһ࣬ȴûͬɼȷʵ۰㰡
ˣɲлô򵥰ɣ榳һĨЦʵ
߹ֺǺһЦҲѹܴҲ
Ůӣѵѽ߹úζ˵
üͷʲô˼
߹òû˱ܵĺϰߣ榵һ˵ӳҹˣԵ֣֮Եࡣ
΢΢һ𾪣һ֣
ǰɣҲûҲöлȻҲ֪˵ߡ߹ò֪һͭǮȻһףͭǮϴ诶
榿ͭǮֿȻ̬ȣֻøӿˡ
һԣҪ𣿡߹ʡ
榱ͷҲЩ
͵Һɡ߹òŭʰͭǮ˿Ȼ˵һ˶٣ȻһЩĽ˵Ҹ
ü޲˲ͷ߹á
ϧˣξһأࡣ߹ͻȻ׺˵
ü١
Ѿ˰ɡ߹̾Ϣһ
߹ãҪвĳô榴ˣҪԼ̺Ⱑ
߹΢΢һЦ
˵֣һǰȥס˽榵Ŀڱǣ榸ʱͷһᣬȻʧȥ֪
.
˰ʱֱɫ·Ѿʼй·ˣ̺ȷ߹ò˵ġ
͸˰źţƱת뿪
ʱ̺ѾЩŴˣԸ߹þ費ԸˣҲԸǶԷһ۾ͷǼٵġ
һ̣ȥ¥żæŵܹ
үˣԷôһ仰˵
̺һܿͰᵽɤۡ
ˣ·ȥңֻ˷˵˸˺ѾˣǷˣ滹һҩ
һˣ̺ȴǽһЩûס
үҶæҵȥ̺⡣
̺˦ǵ֣һĿ߹⺮ˣ磬ҰһѪ׺ݡ
߹ãʵɼΡ
Ľ˹ȻһĮ̧߹ȥˡ
һٸɽկĵҲȥ
Щһ⣬ޱȣЭ£صŲظƵ˵ϡ
߹ΧһֻӬ̺ųֿ죬ɫӳӵ׺ݡ
ǣӦ
һ˷Ĵ߹߹úվ̨ϿЩˡ
һģֳʲôˣ߹ÿŭ̺ʵ
̺ⲻ˵ָ̧ȻǼʮ־ͳССķȥˡ
ҵңķʱԺоһˣ߹Ҳվ̨ϸˡ
үûС
үûУ
үûУ
ү

Щʱȥˣ˶˵ûҵ榡
̺˪ѩ߹öϣ߹ôһɫѣŸʴźķ٣ȻΪյļ׼
˶˵ûҵ榣̺ȴţ߹߹Ҳҡ
ʱһԵڰ಻סˣֹǸң
˳ţŸӴӿʼǽ߹õɫԽԽѣԽԽڡ
̺Ŀ⿴Ǹ޴̨Աߵ֣æһѸӸ
̺Ÿǰȥţ߹þͱȺˣ̺Ӿһķһ
ѾˣûҪҵˣ߹ö̺ЩٶԼѾһˡ
̺˵ͷȻӾǶ̨̨棬ݺݵȥ
пյġ
߹úۣ˼µĶ̺˵Ϳʵû
ʹһֱӰνͳȥ̺ԴΪȻ
Ϊһ̣ƴͳȻ
߹ֻ̺һһ¡
һĹ̺ͽ̨̨һ͸Ǹ溰
榣榣
û˴Ӧֻк΢̨һɸߣ̺Ȼ洫
ҪȥʱͻȻԼݺһ飬һָȥ
Աһ߹ãּ̺۷ͰɫǼ̨ǹհ޵ģҼ벻ɣճҪˮ𣬹ճǵİնŹģ
ʱ̨ͱ̺⿳һ󶴳͸˽ȥŮϡ
榺±ֽţס첻ͷңˮ̺ķһ

߹øץ˵꣬˰߹ҲƵס˲ӡ
ûãǰ¾˳̺԰ѽ榱˳
̺⿴Ž榶ǵһĨˣϵĻҼԼ󴦵պۣ·ѵĲǽ榣Լ
̽һ½榵Ķͷ»ա
ֻᣬ̺Ѿڽ榼ֻĬĬĵᣬȫۡ
ɾûµġȻȴοߴˡ
̺ڽ榵ļҡҡͷ
̺⡪߹÷˼Уһ̺⣬ûôһû㡣
̺⽫榴ᱧȻĶ˵߹ã겻ˡ
˵תˣ֮ǰԸ˵̨ˡ
һ˷뿪߹;ǰĹհգΪ̺ţǲûн
ǿ߹ͻȻŨһ˶ʼ
̨̨Żˣ
һյģߣ

һʱ䣬Щ˾Ͷſڲ뿪
ʱ߹Ҳ׷ſָ̨ϵ̺˵μʥŮܷߣ
̺üȻѾﵽ˼ޡ
ԣܷǣ
ǲǵʥŮ
һǵģ

ʱ̺Եİƾʹ˵Ǵ˻ﱧķˣʣ˵ŮҲҪ𣿡
԰˰
ⲻ𣿡

տʼƫ̻̺Ǳˣ߹üæ˵ǵģѾˣ榻Ǵ֮ʺʥŮˣ
ǿԿСϵعɰ߹ĲŹˡ
̺⽫ϵһ£Ȼͷ˵Ҫ¡
һɱ˵ġ
˰ǶͰ
Ϊϰգȥ׼ɣ
ǳ͢٣ΪǾ뽻˰ɣ

̺һ§Ž榵ֽһЩȻԸߵİƣǣһ
ҪյԺĽ榾קק̺䣬Ȼʹҡҡͷɡ
̺ܣȺûˡ
潩ֵʱȺһ߰Ϊͻ߹ƭӣ߹ƭӣʵǰǸؤŮ
Ļ񣡻ÿݵʯĻ񣡡ФԷһ̨ܵ档
ȻѴѵĻĻ
ФԷһкͻͷȥ߹ãȻ˵ǰǸ׼Ůˣ
˵ΪŭˣҪʥŮ룬ͱѡˣүүҲΪ˱㱻ˣǴμ㲢ûǸ첼סʯʵүүȥʱʵİݵүү
˵߹ͻȻм̧Ǹʯ߳ˡ
һȶĻ񣬷ȷʵˡ
һʱ˶ʼ˽
ΪʲôǸߣΪ´ϳЩɱ˵ЩˣΪ˷֣ϧֽסΡФԷչ
߹úǺǺǵЦ̧˴ֲڵ֣ĽͷϵȡȻ¶ǰȴһűյϡõ
ʮֵĿɲ
ФԷҭסôµͻĲһ
ҾǾŵˣߣ뱻ˡ߹˵ĳ⡣
ФԷˡ
ФԷ֪ôˣĿ̺⡣
ʱվ̺Ĳ£߹ã˵߹ãѧ໭һ˵Ĺ࣬ĹǱˣҲ
˵һֱ㱾һᣬҲ׾ٵİɣ
鸡ÿһÿһ䶼ڳ
߹һʱæǰȥǯס֣Ȼ߹öһ̽һ͹ĵطһ
߹ųªıòǻеģ޲
߹˰Ƶ֣ȻһӸµģ̨еˣЦ
ǡ
ָ̧ˡ
Ƕɱ֣߹Ĩһᡣ
꣬Ϊ˻ƵĹ֮˵Ȼ׼֮˵ǶԼ˱׼ǾͰ
׸ĸ˫үүΪүүû飬з죬Ϊ˹Ҷ飬ȴͷڽͷգֺ֣Һүүһ·ƶ͵ȼñˣڹհңúŶʲôҲû
үүΪ˱ңǻڰ߼ңҿܾ˰ɡ
߹õģƯԵֻһ޷Խּ͡
Ŵӹ֮˵Ҿڹ֮˵߹Цúתָʯ˵
Ѿ֪ˣ߹̫ʽ޽İɣ߹ʡ
̺ĬĬϡ
̫֪ʲô𣿡߹ЦЩǸʵ޵İССվȻһ̫ȥϾͨˣϾͻʵ˰ɣ
ʱǶ߹ָ˵
ö񶾵ĸˣ
ҲҪŹɱ
ɱɱ

߹űЦ⣬װôܹ꣬ˣô˸ᣬˡ
Щӿʱ˵˹߹§˻
Ҫ£§߹ãһο
߹ˮֹס
ʱһӰͻȻ֣ſ˫ֵڶǰӰȴޱȵļ㡣
ɫ԰ף̺һۣʾҪȻ䣬ȴ˵ǣһжᷢ
л˵
Ϊʲôûأ
Ϊһ£



48 
֮˵, ̸֮㽪ԼѾҪվסˣվǰ
겻һУЩ֮˵, ôͻԶԼд, ֻǻ⡣榽ûʲô, ־䶼˵ǵĿȥˡ
Ƕүүʯݰ, Ҳһˡ
ƭ̫ô˵Ͼ, ôͣ˺
׵ò, һ榷̬ȡ
ֲ̺䣬һº˵, Ȼ˵˵
ȷ̺ڶ˵
ԣ㡣̧̺һ°͡
˾治̨ߵĲ̽һ, ̺ġ
̺ǰ, һѶͳ˹ȥѸײٶȵĲǰȻһ£ĵֱӻµѡ
ŵõһ, ˫һʹתĹ̨ס
˵̺Ⱥһ, ŨŨľζ
ߴֱϵ͹𣬻͸¶Ųǵζڳ˶Ծɪһ²ӡ
߹úۿ̧ͷ, Ž榵ıӰ, Цø, Ļ˵ˣҪǰҲܳ־ͺˡ
榶˶٣ڣΪʱҲ
ҷǰѲ˾Ʒʷ̨Ʒһڱǰġת߹ǰС˵
߹᲻ֹܴ󣬴鷢ճϣૣˣϾǵ˾͵ˡ
榵Ҫ£֮ǰҾͺɾˣǻа취ġ
߹̧ͷ˽榵۾Ȼ鸡ˡԲ𡣡
ҡҡͷҡҡλεվ̺ǰȥס榾˳ƿ̺ĻûжĻ
̺ⲻٶԣᱧ˻Ȼ̧žҪ뿪ֻǸͣס˽ţɫظȥ
̺ͱŽ뿪Ⱥɱ߹öˣҲҪ̺ɫˡ
ۼŰҲҪˣһЩ̲סˣҪϾˣ⡭ô찡
ǰȥڵϵȻ˳ƻ䣬ͷѾˣӦúú÷ʡһԼССΪʲôֳô飿
˵һ뿪ˣ߹úҲˡ
.
榵»ãֻ˾źȾ˷纮ͷ̵ú̺ʱˮ
ĳ˵׻ļҪѰҽļźá
̺ⴹۿŴϻԲѵĽ榣Ƶ˵յȷѰҽģֻһЩûа취
εҡҡͷҩ뿪ˡ
ֻʣ³̺ͽˡ
ϷΪҲ˹ȥֻڸտϷˣϣ̺ˡ
Ҳ˾ţظԺҲ˸գֻǱչ㲻ÿչ榡
̺ۿ΢죬һһʹڴŽ榵һֳֻĬš
ʱǰСĶ̺˵߹ˡ
̺鲻ѣͷû̧˵
Ƽ˵߹˵뿴˵Ĳ
˵˴̺һ£̧ͷ˵ɡ
ƾ˳ȥ߹ô˽߹ڵģЩǱҲǣԺͱǹֻڲųһΡ
ǰȥ̺⺰һˡ
̺ȥ߹þǰóǸ˵ΪǰԷ˵ðеǸ
̺ɨһۣһ
˻ļǰҼһ۵ʱͿ˵ġ߹þ̺黹Ƕʻ
̺ҷ˻ļ£ֻҪ鵽ҲǸܡ
ҲẦģաҺͰҲ߹õ̬ȳĺá
̺վ߹߽˵㲻ҪˣʲôС
ˣⲻǶһԾ˵ȷ̬ȡ߹Ҳʾĵ̺һۡ
̺⣺ϣκǸˡ
߹ò˵Ҫǰȥֱ̺סˣ¡
߹òòͣ
̺溰һơ
Ƽæ˽߹õһͷ˵ȥѡ
߹ҭȴϵ̧˫ðȥ
һȷʵûʲôв
̺ŷ߹ùȥ
榴ɫףȴ΢ģ˶Щ̣߹ÿŽ榵ʱ򣬲˫
ǹˣ˫ԴӢ¿Ž榵ʱȴ֪жᡣ
߹һִֻ˽榵󣬱͵ȻһЩ̺һԽĶĶ
ã榵ַŻ˱Ȼ˵˵ĲǴ̥ġ
֪̺˵
߹ÿһۣ˵ҩｫѪòҪŵùңҸҩһҩȹҸһġ
ôЩ̺˵оݣȴǷŲĽ䱸
߹վֱ˵ϵ֪Ϻ࣬ڼҵδ֮ǰҽ
̺⽫ŽɵĿһȻ԰һ֣˵ȥץҩ
ǷǷǰȥ߹һĶ
߹ȴ˵ˣˣҲҪҩ
ƺںּۻۡ
̺һץҩ
߹ŸŰ˳ȥ
̺Ƕ˵ıӰʧˣһ߹κý榵ĲΪıһ·Ҳǲԡ
.
һգ۾ҹˣǰ߹ץҩҲĴ򿴹ˣ˵ûԺ̺Űҩι˽榡
Ѿˣ̺մ˵ˮ󴽣榾˹
̺æеʵ榣һЩ𣿶
Իûѹգգۣǰ˽
̺榿̺˳ֶߵˮ榺ȣ榴üڡ
ûˡҡҡͷ̺üľ⣬˵
˵̺һһҹûк˰ɡ
ûܵܿˡ̺ɳƣ˵˵žͲԾĴͷ
榻û̺˵˭ҲϲҶû¡
̺ѽ榵Ȼ§˻ЩƵ˵߹ý㿴˵а취ļұǲ̫ģҾҪһҲ
榸о̺΢΢ͷȥ̺⣬ͷȴ̺°Ͷš
Ǳһ԰ɡһЩ
̺һӡ
ڲԾˣͷȥ̺⣬ȴ̧̺ͷֻ̺ܿǷߡ
°ͷ׹һξӨ͸顣
榶ǵ㶣ͻȻֱͦ˫̺ţ̺⻹ûӦʱǵᡣ
̺˲佩סһ˲һ±һƬհס
榵ıǵᣬܳü޲˲
¾ϵǿѪ룬ڻ谵ҫԵ÷ۡ
榺ܿؾ뿪̺°ͣûʱ̧ȥһǿѪ롣
ͻĺ»һ¡
ˣԭǸոգȾźΣֲԭеĻǸոȥġ
̺ɫޣһץס˽ȥǿѪ֣Ȼͷ
ֻһᣬȦǺģֳӢ˿̾ûɬŽ榵ôȡ
榡˽һɳƣ̼ĺ»һ¡
榲žԼ˻Űֳֻȴ̺յúܽ
ɾͼ̺⻽һЩֻƫƫȻ䣬ȴһЩġ
̺ζһȻ׽˽榵ֻ֣ģһ¾ʹӿͷ
榵ķݺݵĲһ¡
̺Ͱѽ榵ֱȻֿס榵ĺףĴġ
һ̺ߣȵĺһֻƱ˴˽֯˼ܿһķΧ
̺ۣ¹榵ģʱ˼£пʼķ鲼ȫ
榲кǿҵԡ
ʹһֻҲΣıǼȫ̺ϵѩ㡣
һЩˣ̺ĺԽԽأԽԽУˣ̺Ϳĺײˡ
˰һ̺Ź
ʢϡĻŴ룬̺ۿøһЩڡ
úأһ˲榱ɺûĵ¶Ⱥܿȫ
ɡɾΪԼĳ嶯ûڡ
̺ڵĴȻɳƵ˵ŵˡ
û榸˵ûеģ˫ȴƳ̺°ڣһɫѣ°ڲӿµʱѲ壬ԽһЩһ
ŵüæͷҪγѪһ֮ĬĬԣ̺һС
վ·дУ/ڵһɶ
ȥԡʱˣЩЪ¡̺дԣͳתкǿҵѹֵĸо
榵˵ͷӦӶǷһĻ
̺߳˷䡣
ŵһ̺Ϊһᣬһֲ֪
ԲܿƵȥǵᣬԼҲû뵽̺ôķӦ榴ͷȥԼġ
Ļġ
Ļ֮ȥ
ϵԼ־ȴϲԼ뷨ھѾϵԷˣ榻Ǿûûʧ
С
ġ
.
ڶϾǾˣ˶ĵʼµʱǾķ֣̫ǸʯѾ滻˵ʥϵġ
ԭ褺͹յЩǶ׼ˣȴûһĻ
ԭǰ榾Ϳǵһ㣬ƾż仭ʥϵĻȻ̺ԸɽկǼģһʯ
֮һè̫ӣ˸ˣû֪
Ͼ˾ͻȥˣֻʵʵˣȻΪҲҪȥ
ϾǱ˼ˮ̺ӳյֵѾʼ޽ݣַˡ
ӳ֪ΪԼҲЩڽ榣ӽ榳µȥˣҲû榣
̺˻˺üˡ
Ѿٺˣ޷ĹҲѾ˴룬εˡ
յĺЩҺһЩ̹̺˳˾ơ
̺ȥСһˣڻ·ϱӳ
̺üͷ߹Ҳ˵һЩӳʵڶģһɫˡ
ˣڴСǸġӳɹ־һ
̺Ⱨ⿿ԵϣȻ˵ҪǸôȥǰúõǸ
֪Ф뽪СҵĹ̺⣬Ҵδ˺飡ӳ̧һ˵
̺Ȼ˳˵ʲô˺飿
̺⣬ûϾǵʱҺһͬڻԺѧģʱĽд£ʫ£ׯӡңΡЩ磬ԸԼ֮УҲȢΪҶ㲻ܲȢؼңʹĸܣ
ӳ־䶼ֳԽ˽ⲻˣ·榵һ
̺üͷ´ӳɣȻ˵أ˵Щʲô
ӳɾ˵˵䲻
̺㶣ƺû˵飬üһĨ֮ȥʣҲ˵
ɣ´㡣ͻȻ˹֮Ľ̬ˡ
ͬһʱһЦ˽榡
̺ڽ榵һɡУǰȥ˵ã֪ˣ߰ɡ
ͷȥ̺⣬ɾȥɣҺܴ˵仰
̺Щ˿榣榳ݸЦһ£ͷ˵ãȥˡ
榵˵ͷ̺뿪
̺뿪ˣ榲Żһ鿴ӳɣһӳһЩ顣
ӳȢԭ榱˭ЩӲἰҲȥʣֻΪӳһ棬ΪӳԺӣڹľ飬Ͳȥ𴩡
л˵
Ҹоһ֮Ŀˣ



49 ϸ
, ƺû޶Ů鳤˼
ӳɡ߹øץҩкԵЧĵѾɫ˺ܶ, ȥҲƯһЩ
ӳȲӦһ, С㣡
Ѽ˸ˣԺһ˾СĮ, ˵
ӳµֽ˽, Щ֪롣
榾ͼ˵֪Ϊʲôܴ˻ܶ, Ҽ޸ɻ˵, ӳɣⶼ롣
߹Ը, Ҳ˵ȥģԺϣ㲻Ҫڶǰ˵ЩˣɴҼ, Ҳδίĵط, УҲܡ
ʵӦģ°һ˭ҲƲģ, ͱ˵, Ҳġ
˵תҪߣӳɽס
榡˶٣ӳɳʣȢ, ᲻ͬ⣿
ͣס˽, ˵ͼ̧ǰ, Ȼ߱˵ᡣ
榣˶٣ʵ˵
̫ˣȢǽ榾ͺˣҲ̺ǸλãΪ;Ȣ
ȥӭȢ񣬶·ʱ򣬽Ҳ͸˳ˣĿһƹ
ʱ֪ʵԼ˰ա
Ƕ̺ôĴֻۣΪȢ榣ϲġ
ܴˣĶôأ޷˰ͷϲźáᴽ˵ȻͷҲص뿪ˡ
£ӳ˵ΪýƫɣԸԲûȢ
ʵϣȢͬʱһ潫˽榵һ׵֧֣Ͼ榵ĸֻһƷС٣֮·ϣûκá
αһڼģʵýˡ
.
榸մȹսתȥͿ̺˫ֱ⿿ǱߵϣĿߡ
ڵȽ榹
ǰȥݸһЦɾôڴ˴ų´ء
̺Ĳ½һ˺ӳһΪӳɶԽ榵˼ôԡ
ҷĲ㡣̺ʵ
榾ȥץס°ڣ͵˵ʲôֻͬ˵һЩ飬ˣ
̺æ֣ȻǵģֻԷ˲
Цһ£У˻⣬ǰȥ߰ɣϯϵ˶ڵ㡣
̺ǽ榹ô˵ģ׷˽榣Сֹ˲Ҫˣܾ˵ˡ
üۣ˵ˡ
.
ҹˣҶȵģ̺ûȶ٣һֱ˼Ž榵塣
ڽûʲô󰭣ϯЩŮﶼϲͽ˵̺岻ϻ
ˣЩǵ̺뼷˽ȥЩŮԵЦ˼¡
µĴ꣬һɡڷ򸾶˻ǻʪȹڣ榴ͷȹᵽ̺ͻȻ˵ˣһɡ
榾ϸȥסɡ
Ȼ̺ͻȻ°һƣͶȥһ¾ͻס˽榵˫ϥֻһ§ְֻ
ŵæȥ§ס̺Ĳӣɾ
һ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣɡÿ̺˽һ̨ףֽɡϡ
æɡЩӵĺ̺⣺ɾ
̺ţ§Ž榾ȥˣһЩָԼɾ˵Ǻúÿ̺⡣
ô谮˵ġ
̺ⲻ˵Ŀ⣬§ŽתһȦЦúܿģĶǻϲ
Ȼߣͷ̺ģҲԾ¶º͵Ц
Ƚ榲ŷ̺΢ԼͭɫľҲһǳĺΡ
ľϵѩ㣬е΢
ɾ𣿡̺ӣԼԱ߿ʡ
̺ҡҡͷ
ľƲˡ
ȴˡ
䣬Ϊ콪榺ӳɵĶԻˡ
ΪͷǱġ
榲ŵģϾ̺ڿȥЩ˷ܣʲôĶ
ѽ榶ûɿԼĲڣ̺ʹȥʣôˣ𣿡
ºֵƣ־䶼Щĵģġ
ҡҡͷϵĺɫ׹ҲŻ˻Σ̺ɫ޲ĿŲ˽Ҷǿ׹ϡ
榷ˣü޲˲һЩ̺ⲻ⣬һֻֽס˽榵ı۰
ɾĻŵ
̺⿴񣬲ס
š̺ǰ˽榵Ķϣ̵ĺ榵Ķϣ榾ȫĺë
̺ͻȻ۽ֻ׹Ȼȥʽ榵Ķ
榶̵öҪˣ̺һַֻı۰һֻŴ벻֪ΰŵ֡
˵ôԣôǿҡ
ֻĶ
榵ԽԽ죬ߺӶһ·ӵ˰ľϡ
˺һ̺뿪Ķ䡣
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ߵҪһֱ̺̺ȴţһ·֪˶˵͵Ц
ص˷̺ŷ½榣Լȴһͷ͵˴ȥˣֺû
榿̺˯ŵģֲ֪ô˵ˣֻǰȥϴ˯
̺⵹ҲӴϳͷǰĽ榣榽촩һٻɫȹվﱻһǳ⡣
쳣ĶĿ
̺§榵ͷСţɲԲϴҺ
üͷ̬ȼᶨ˵ԡ
պ˾ƣմ˾ζԡ϶ǲԵġ
̺ͷŽüͷͷҪϴģ㲻Ҫ
˵̧ͼȥƽ榵üͷɫ΢ķҲе졣
Ҫһɣ̺ˣģǿЦ
Ȼһ
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ȥ̬Ӳܾζԡ
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.
ʱ˳Űɫ£/һɫ㣬¶С⣬滹׹ϡˮ顣
ӺỬµˮ鱻ʢǴ
ȨԼʲôҲûĬĬԵʰԼµѣԡ˲ųȥģԽֻ̺һˡ
ˣϴˡ̺⺰
ͷҲ̧һ
̺ǰչȥϴʱһˮ¯
ָɫĽ˽̧ͷȥ̺⣬̺ô࣬ƽӳȥǶԷؼ
æ̧ͷȥ̺⣬ȴ̺һЦĿ
榵ۣܿ˵ǾЩЪ°ɡ
̺ⲻ̧ȥ˽榵ȻͽüΪʲôң
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榱ˣظǰ˵ʲôöŤôأ
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ЦЦȥסֵ̺ʳָȻ˵ĻͿԡ
̺ɫٶһظʣĻͿԣ
ƺûʶԼĻ壬˵ͷ˵ǡ
Ž榵۾վйһá
žƾֵ飬ɽ̫ˣԼġ
榾ͰѱƿһЩ˵Щ˯°ɣѾˡ
˵䣬泶һɲ磬ɽ̮ŵýһһͱ̺§˻
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榱Ͳ£§̺ĻĬ˺ܾú̧ȥס̺䣬øһЩ
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Ҫſˡ̧̺֣ôĴָָȥ˲β
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̺һЩһŽ榺ı˲˼
ԼŲۡ
ɣ榿̺ɫԣʹսһЩȥôˣôˣ
̺عͷͽĿԣô
ԼǾӣڽǰǸپˣﶯ˼ȴҪ
һЩƵ˵ûµġ
ɫһӦһú󣬾ӣһ̺ͻȻǰһֽĺ׿סһסȻĴܿľ˽榵ı
һıǼȫѩɵ㣬Ǳֻ棬ûκζ
Ƴ̺ĺ¹һ̺ĺԽԽأĴңǲ֪롣
̧̺ס˫Ϊ̽ԴȥûκζȽ榽ƿߡ
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Զ׼
̺Ĵ꣬ϸϸ/ǣǯԼøһЩŻ˫ϵǰ޼䡣
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ͣЪ̺⻺ۣ˫۱/ռʢϡǣ˽榰ľһ㱡ĺκǵϡգۼɢ
뿪˽榵Ĵ˫ϵַֻﱻǵ۲٣β󣬽΢ֻܼ˴Ϣ
̺ɤ//ֿƣ榣ǵʱҪſģ԰ɣ
̧ۿû̺˼ȴſ˴һ
̺ȥزȽ榷ӦѱƵ·
榺᲻Ҳ޴š
ȴʵûаŵĵط̺ƺˣϸϵֱֻ׽ס˽榵֡
ִԼľϣѪҺģ
̺ڽ榵ıϣҲԼΨһ±ˡֻǽǣʲôҲû
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ˣ˫ʧҲ۲£һ
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סԼ̺ȵǵΪڵ˷ܣַӾˣһȣһ˯˹ȥ
һ£ڴϵ̺⣬㶣ǷӦ˹
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榾̫Щ
Ҫͬһȥʲô
ȥ˱ӹ׼ϣȴƳ̺±ǽԵˡ
ֻ̺һ㣬Ŀڲסʲô˼ûţæҵİѱӸǵϣȻصıӶڲסĳЩ߰ĵط
榺һԺ󣬾ҲƵ뿪
.
ҹˣ¹ţ¶ڱ￴ϷģŵǺˡ
ŬɤӣԼûκε
ңС¡º͵
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æ˽˵ôˣ
榿һ½ͣ˾ƣ˯ʵҹ㼷һ𣿡
æͷӦȻ԰
ҲҪ˯ˡȥ¹һͷ
ö˾һŴ˯š
űϵЦ˵㣬Ҿһϲ򡣡
һ㶣ƽڴʣôô˵
Ϊ֮ǰʱ򣬺һҲһʱ춼ڿ飬ڷĶҲȥҲ˵ҲЦ˭׽ҶҺ˵ġգգĴ۾˵
أЦģһֻèأҺͱ㿪Цأ㿴ǲһģܾڵıǣ»һǸʮС˵ĻǷĵϡ
ü޲˲˵ʲô
ʵȥ˵Լ֪Լǰһˡ
ȷԼĸ飬ǰ볤󣬳ȴĸûΪĲ޹
̺ǵһ
Ȼ֪̺Ϊʲôϲ֪Լȥ϶̺ʶֻԼǵˡ
ɫ˰˵òһôһأ
Сóһ˵ͱ㿴ǰɣǿ˵ָоǡô׽㿴ʱأģһֱָо
һһЩ£榻Щڣҭһ˵ôСöʲôġ
һˣͷһ˴ϣȻƫͷŽ˵㣬㲻ңҲҿôϷĵı°ɣ
˵ͷͳһݸ˽榡
ⱾǰԵүͽģԭǱȽģ˸顭¸ⱾϷĵݡ
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ͿЩôеͿЩ°ͷ˵
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Ӧһá
ȻǱ߼˼ۡ
ȴٳû˯⡣
أûȥʡ
ڳȥԼôģøոյĻԼǸǵĲų⡣
ЩӦþǴˡ
ô̺أΪʲôϲ
.
ڶ΢ڰҹͣˣԺʪ
̺ƵĴӴתѣԴȻǽԼҵѡ
Ȫӿһ¾͹ӡ
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ͷһôĴֻһˣԽأ
ˣ˰ɣ
̺ŵֱվȴĲԾٽһϵΣҲû
̺æҵȥһ׸ɾѣܳȥˡ
ͥԺĺ榣榣
榣
ԼһЩˡ
һ־Ƶ𣺡ɣˣ
̺æתһϮɫȹ÷ӳѩ£վԺ⡣
һǰѽӵ˻
ȥˣ̺ⷢԼ麹ð˳󱳷
榽͵ҹһ£ƺ˼ἰҹ顣
Խ榾˵ȥСһ˯ˡ
̺ⲻ˼ɿ˽榣ȻֹҲ֪ʲôƣֵֹģһһεġ
Цһ£Ժȥ̺æȥ
ҪȥĶ̺Ⱔߴͷʡ
榾˵ȥ
ΪǰźסȵʱؾʥϣŻǵ̷̺˵
榵˵ͷ֪ȥˡ
̺ƵŶһŽһȥˡ
.
Ǽƻؾպ󣬽ƺ˲⣬ǸϽȥ
ʱͻȻƸ˴Ŵ綼ǹĴ硣
İݼƸˣȻָҪ榣˵ǹһ
ǻһ£üĺݺݵһʶܲ򵥡
̺ȻҲŶԷԸ⣬榳˳̺䣬ǰǸһЦȻ˫ֽӹǸκӡ
˵泼лˡ
ЦЦ뿪ˡ
Ǹӣζӳµģ̺˵Ҫ򿪣һʲôҩأ
ҡҡͷѾ³˭ˡ
ȥƿ˺ӵĸӡ
Ŀһ䱻ݲеòҲ̶õĻ֦榲ϵ֣ȴԵԼĶ֦
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æǰȥס˽榣Ȼеʣ榣ôˣ
榰Ļҡҡͷؿڵʹһ㣬һ̣Լһӿ
ܿصŻ˳
һѪ˳£ȾԼ̺ѣʶҲԽԽģ
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˵ԽԽС榳ʧȥʶ˲ĺڰ
.
л˵

˰ְ֣裬˰ְְְְְ֣
ֻһǣֻһǣҪңҸǹˣ

Ҫˣоһߣˣ
.
ְְְֻ֣һǰ



50 
Ͼǵ¶Ҫȹճǵ»ҪЩ, ѹͷȫϡӰ
ѪһֱԲѣ߹ԭǴҩ榵Ѫĵ, ڹճǵĿʪ, ʺ
ֻǰ룬̺Ͻ˴Ͼȥ, ֮ǰ̺ŵ˵, ʥǰ߹óġ
ȻǾҹϻϾˡ
.
򸮰õ, Ժҹè, ˵϶һĨ֮ȥĳ
Ѿٽһûˣ仹е, ¯˲ůһЩ
ǸװſήĻĺӣϾţҡҷһ£ǻԵøһЩ
̺ڴ, ȵϸĸ榲ϴ֡
Ȼࡣ
ҲȥϾĴ, ÿ˶˵榵ļкת׼Բѵԭ
ҩιȥ̺Լҩһһڵι
ʱ֪ҩжࡣ
ƫƫ榺ôˡ
ͻҲ̺˳֮, ̺Ѿ, в˵¡
ƺԼϾǿһ죬ԲЩ޼ɵ¡
̺ĬȴѾŻһʲôˡ
.
ƺһ޼ʵĻԭ, ˺ܾöûпͷ, ䷺һĨ, һֱǻȥ
͵Ŀ˿ԣͰʵҩ˳Ȼ͵ۣ̺Ŵߡ
˹̺۾һæһڽҩȥü
̺æҵȥǣȻе榣ôﲻ
̺߿ȳҩȻҡҡͷ
̺Ļɤ۶ģʣͷβΣûԵĶ
ʵЩУȴʵʵڵĹ
ڴԼҪɵɢˣ̺״æȥ
ȽԺûµġ
̺⿴ȥۣüһĨ֮ȥĳƣˡ
˺Щ죬ʵں¼ˡһ죬ŻڴڵѪôĻԽԽôӦ䣬һ¡
̧ȥס֣ԼѾֶˡ
ɫ˰ʢżֱ
Ȼ̧ۿ̺˫۾˵ɣҪ¡
ļÿ¶ᷢüΣӼ޸̺ȻҲǻᷢûôˣֻΡ
Թȥʵ⡣
̺ڹ߱ʱ򣬺Ľݼҵĵ˳ͻʱ򲻱ͻͻ
ɶԷģֻ˵̺СָͿ뿪̺⵱γذ׾ҪСĴָһ׶ԥġ
׾ֹһС
ֻΪãʲôˣ²Ŵͺ¡
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ڽƽƽ˹
ĶвµģҶҪ˰ҵķˡ̺ⳤһ˽ڶͷ˲䡣
ָ˲֡
𲡰׵ĴЦЦ󲡲ģվǺÿġ
ʲôʱؼҵģЩ棬֮ǰڹգѾصϾˡ
̺ⴹ˵ԺҾʹͣĸϻˡ
߹øģָд˼ҩҲҴƹˣ˵ļתƵǰˡ˵˴Ҳһˣ̺ŵĶ˲١
˵߹ã榾ʵʥǱߣˣ
̺˵ͷ˼٣յдȥ糯ʱʥ˴£Ѳ˾鴦ˡ
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榵˵ͷá
˵һȥѰҽѰҽȻʼĵˡ
Ҫߵʱ̺ȥ߹ΪʲôҪǡ
߹Цһֻζ˵˶
ڽ榿ϵĺӺɢɫһɫһЩ
ס˼ȴɿĽµȥһ飬˵ʱġһѰɣ
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̺ɲЩüͷ֮侹Ҳôѧʡ
榾ãԼӦһЩʲôˡ
̺۾˵ɣԸ⣬ҿ뷨
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榣֪ӳɺ½õģҹ֧£²죬֪Ϊ𣿡
̺ҡҡͷȷʵ⡣
ΪԺӶƷʥߵĽ޴»µֻۣҪһЩѹͨУıɱѪô˭Ǹλö㵽ʱ¶˵գҲǱµ۹һƷѡ榱Ͳֹٳ飬Ƶһֻ̺ڳ͢ƽ
̺ɫЩˣѲ˾ƷǰƷõġ
ҪŬȥӳһòС
̺Ѿһͨģˣ榾ͼ˵Ȼû޴ȴҲҲԸһѧְѡ
̺ﻶϲҪڹڳ͢·ҲٳʣԲҪ
ȻԸģ˵ʲôҾͿʲô˵ѧʲôҾѧʲôаи̺֤
ǵý̲סЦ
̺ȴͻȻ𣬡˷ˣ㰢ˣҰοԺȰȥˣ˹Ҿ˻ȥһҲʡٵˡ
榵˵ͷȴ΢΢üȥ̺ĻǲֻҵİˣҲǶɵİˡ
̺ȻһȷŹ⣬ģʵϲ
ãҼסˡ̺Ļϲ
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ˡ
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.
Ͼǵõù֣ůգҶϵ¶ܿľͱˣһһէĴε
ϳµġ
ҲһЩҵʼЦ
̺ʥϸļ٣ҲŹȥ죬üġ
ʵĳˣůӰ˽һʱЩá
յʱ
̺⻹§ڻ˯š
Ȼҹĵĺͽ榳ŵ飬̫ůˣ̰Ĩůٳû
ѵ磬ͷ̺Ŵͷ·ҲܵѪҺ
ûĽΪ֪̺켸ûкϹۡ
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һ㣬ͷ̺˯գ˯˵ģˣǷƽ˫۾Ұһܶ˺󱳷
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ûݵ룬̺Ƶתˡ
ѵ˯ۣæۣװԼ˯š
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һ˯ðʣ˵ϰˣϧˣ֪ΪʲôʵȢˣʹӴ˲糯ˡ
һƯŮﰲڻѵ͹ˡ
ͷȥѽϵ鷢ˣ¶׾Ĳͷȥһ£Ȼһ㣬ȴŵƿ˱˴
˸OO@@ĴĹ뿪󣬽榲۾
ǵĵطޱȡ
ļӿڰԼˡ
榴Ǽѩζþòɢ
.
̺ȥϰ䣬ƺеˣ/ǹ£һὫŻ˱ϡ
ͲϰˣѾкöûˣҲôһˣŰɣĶ
ƺ˹
ſڵİƺܿķӦ˹÷棬ˣ𣿡
һ嵭˳ˡ
榻˯죬񴦴ҪСķ̣ڰƽȥ󲻾ãֽȥѾź
̺⿴Ǹ˳/ǹǾһǹС
Ȼȴ榸ϴã̺Ҳհѳ/ǹſڵС˾˵ʥϵĿˡ
˲һãŵĻ¹ϴθ̺·Ǹ˶˺¶Ц
榲صϢȫϾǶ֪˵ģҲ⣬Ҫȥʱɤ˵ʥ˵˴󲡳Ͳعˡ
Ҫ¹ĶֻǷǷ
̫ҲŽЦһʥ·࣬˼һޣ޷С̫ŰˣϾʥϣ˵Ļġ
ͦͦһȻ˵޵̲սӳ»Ϊ泤ӷϴذڹһ죬ع֮ʱλҲ︰ɡ
ʥϵ˵Щ
˵ϰԵһЦ˵˿˰ɣЩūҲʹˣϣ˵ʱЯ޾һͬ빬
̺⹰һ¹֪ˣлʹˡ
˵͸ʹһɫǰȥһĶū
˵һƱ˲עʱ
С̫ЦգɫĽƱȻ뿪ˡ
Ժ̺Ŵյֹ˵Ҫˣ
֮ǰ˵д£û뵽ǻøɣײˡ榵˵ͷ
Ҫȥ𣿡̺һЩǵĿϾһȥ˲˳ĵ顣
һͬȥմ
̺֪榲Ǵֵӣ˵ԼȥʲôҲʣҪģڽߣܵв
榿Ǽ٣Ҫȥȴ档
곤ΪѲΣʶǱߵһͶϣܿమó⻳ĺӡ
ʥ֪˻ʼ棬ǸһٴϾǣ̤Ͼǰ벽˼ǹȣЩɣȥ˳¡
˵ʵĹ˭֪أ˵Ǳ˳ӣѾ˿ˡ
ʱҲûô򵥡
榺βôȥһأ
л˵
໣ᣡ



51 
ؾ֮, գǰȫǿֵˣЩ±ֻǻ˲֪ġ
ʥϽֵô, , Ͼ벻֪ѡ
Ҷ뿴뾩ôĳǺģˡ
ֻ˵ĺһж, ҲǸжΪ档
ʱ, ʯ·һ, ǰͷ˸߾ųɫľ, мһ޴ĿŵĻΣ
һؽ, ֹţĿϬŮˡ
һĸݿ㣬ɬ, Ůׯ, һЩš
Ĳɫϥϲ˲䡣
̴ƳһۣȻһɫ˵ֱͦĿǰ
æ, ֱͦ, ˿һɤӣȻŬĶԼɫ
ǣĸסʿˮ󱳷
Լĸ, Ȼ̵, ȴò糣µЩСаݡ
̰еЦݶЩ, ֻвϸҪ
СѧϸԼԼΪ֪ĳĸ˺ܶĥۡ
ׯ󷽣һֹ̩񰲵ָоķ٣ϲһɫ黨һԽɫĶ׹޵Ĵɫֻһ
ƳϵȺȥ̣ĸףΪζǣ
Ϊеġ̲ɫ˵仰
Ȼĸ׵ļŭ벻м
Թ죬ٶԡ
ǵ˻ʹ̤ŵһ̣ӭڹſڵ˶һ£ݵӭӻع
ⳡ𺳵ˣĴһ΢΢˫æˡ
ǽߣһ·Ϲ˹Ů̫࣬
ܳĹԹǽӻҲɲһ̬ʾˡ
˽ǵǰͣ˶ӭ
̱վڽǵ棬ͷϿȥٲ̨棬һ̻Ի͵Ĵ

ʹӭǰ˵ӣɡ
һۣȻһɫæ̣̤ٲ̨ȥˡ
Ϊ飬ԼҿԲ棬ôǰװװҲǻġ
ڹ˵ĲҲ˺üӭˡ
ãغһ̡
忡ɿĻһ˿ӶȻһЦӯӯģ֣þò
ģԵôĳϿ뼤
æÿ°ھ͹ȥݼʥϡ
һ㶣װЩ㵵ģָŵϹẉ̶̂ĺ𣿡
Цŵ˵ͷ
ǰȥҪ˵ʲôʥϣһ˾
˵ҲҶ
ɫеѿˣɫ΢΢һЩȻ̧ͷȥ̣̾ͶԹŵ˵о˾ˡ
æվֹĽһ˾ˡ
ЦЩסˣɫһЩѿˣʱڽ͵֣С߳󣬳˭Ҳ
ͳ˳ǣȻЦúǴֲ֣⺢ȷʵԳûҡ
мζ
ӽʥּʵ
̵˵ͷƤЦⲻЦĳѽ˵ǰûиףֻĸףҲֻˡ
ɿһζɨһۣ̾Ͱ̧ͷ
Ȼˡһ£˵ΪǾٰһӷ磬ȥϴһ£͵԰ɡ
ǷǷл֡
Ҳæ֣л˾ˡ
.
еĴҲһһϯصλòǰ˳ŵˣǴΣλλˡ
Ҳ̺һλãҶ̺ⲻˣҶǸƾƣδ˵һ仰
̺߰ģ쳤عʥ֮ĶԻǸʹˡ⡱͸¶ǡ
Ҳý榿һ¡
ǳδԭʥϣԼĺӸգ˽Ҫ͵ʱ˹
ζ׽͸
ʹ˵ʥóǳ˻վġ
Ҳýˣ˴˻عҲǱǸλȥġ
˽ʣ˹ϵպλӶˣҲԻʳݱȫǡ
ң̿ɲǸųˡ
ˣʲô̺ڴˣʹͷ͵͵
ͷݸЦһ£ûʲô볤ʲôʱ
䣬Ժһ߰˽
ʥϣӵ
Ĵÿ˵Ķ
ڳ˷׷վȻԼͬĹݼʥϣӡ
˽΢΢̧һͷǸڻʵҺ󷽵Ůˣһɫžβ˴壬ͷһɫĻһĨ޺Ļ䡣
Ů̬ã˶ׯţ󷽹͸һϵζ
󷽵Ǹˣ̵ʵʵòΡ
榲ɫĴҲһǸŮ˵۽ҲƳһ۽榾ջĿ⡣
УǸŮֻԼ۾ͱˡ
ʥϲŴһӣ˵°ɣ޵ĻãҲ蹹ĳعӣҶԺúȺãؾн
лʥϣһȺ˵ϡϡ
̺Ž榵ļȥ
ϡϡҲ˼λӺ͹û޺ˡ
Ž榿˺һȻʥϵЦ˼˲˲һ۰ģ
ʥһ簮ôˣ͹ĸ첲ɤǿ˵޾ģúÿǿ̫ܲ
ʥЦ˼ֻΪ˵Ļϲġ
һģŵˣŴĸգÿôĪģ̸ֹҲǫͬദҲʡ
˫ĿһһɨЩˣȻһ²ڡ
ɣҳȥ磬ľζ̫ˡ榹üͷȷ硣
̺˶£Ȼ˵һ𡣡
õģɣȹϯλϱҪһ˵ġ榾ܾ
̺سһȻ˵ð㡣
˲ˣȻҲܾˣ͵˵ͷãȥȥͻء
˵ȹվ֮ǰĿɨ⼸ε⣬˫Ŀײһš
԰һ׵ĵطƾ͸ߣһǸߵĹŮ˹
ˣҼ顣ŮźһɽС·һĶ
榿ۣͷͰ˵ڴ˴Ұա
Ʋͬ⣬Ͼһν榾Ϊһ⡣
˵һٵʱûѰҰա
ϸһ£Ҫ榣ûоܼĵһʱӦûʲô⡣
Ÿÿ·˵һСġ
һЦ˵ͷǹŮ뿪ˡ
ǵĵطԶɽһ׵ıԺľʢúܺá
Զͤµ
ǰȥǷǷݼ
һ󣬸ǸŮһ񣬹ŮԾ˳ȥ
ü޲˲һҲ
ŴЦЦ޺ĴɫԽԽˣ𳤹̵ģʵѷɫࡣ
̧ͷñơǿ̱
ֻ΢΢̧ͷĿԡ
ϸĿ˿Ȼһ˵ɫ𱾹ʼʱʵں࣬˴㲻
봹ͷȴ뵽ŵֻܿ˵ȥѰ˴βѾкתˡ
°Ϳ»ȥ¶һڷ۰ɫźۣһֻɫӣмֵ
ϴαͬ˵ģǿǺˣǾܱأƽȴŨŨ
ؾʹͷ뵽֦вζĿήĻϸ˼ãȻ̧ͷŶԷ۾˵룬֮ȻȻȥ˹գѾ˵ú˰ɡ
Է㶣û뵽˲ܻĻ
ɫѿ˺ܶ࣬ˣڸӣһᣬΪȫ͢£˭ǱҪ£𣿡
ˡʶ̧٣Ҫˡ榹ȥ
ɫһһѽϵĴɱӵ˽ǰȥû˵榣ֻһصĴ
ǲˣڱ΢΢˫ۡ
榴һصĴ˵ֻ֪ΪһΪԵѡ񣬾Ҫɱڣ룬ûĵ
ɫЩ԰ף̬ȴǿӲ
ЦˣָŽ˵ΪҶ㣿
ҵģʲôңʥϲ֪껪ʱ򣬾˽£س׼ӵµˣʲôңƽɼвˣʱͬķʽвȥ
ķ֪ˣѾҲǱߺţʱ䣬ϾҪˡڸɱǵѡ
̺ġ衱¶֪ģĿŵĵûʲôô
վŽ˵ãСŮˡ
榣һ榡ΧŽȦһŽϵƬߵ˽ǰȻȥӴ˲Ϊˡ
šüͷֱվһŽǿƬ߿ȥȻ̧ۿԾ㵵۾˵ﻹû״ڹ㣬ҪһһҵķŹġ
ʥȻĳ谮ҪǵãҵķϾǵˣˣʥ϶Ǩš榶仰ԺٴζǷǷҲ˵ʲôˣ̧뿪
ԶȥıӰµ˫ֽֽĿԽԽ䡣
⽪񲻾̬ȣҪŸ
ʵǡ޴
ҪкŸɵˣնڲ
.
ۼʱҪȥˣ̲סҪ榻˳æСǰȥӭ
ͬʱϹеˣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷֻͬҳĶʲô¡
ˣȴΪԼŵЩеһļ£תϸ룬־ûʲô˵ˡ
˵Щ޷ԼļƻǰǴκ棬˲ٵίڹ˿ݻ
˭Ҳʲ¡
Ȼǲ£ԸǷ֮ˣҲһƢִˣҲˡ
ɫ糣δʲô֮ҲͰ࣬Žһͬϯϡ
ǻȥ֮ܾòŻɫѿȴҪЦȥʥϡ
̺עڱ𴦣һĿŽ榣Ƚ˹˳Ͽȥȥס˽榵֣Ȼ˵ô䲻䣿
ҡҡͷģϾֵģҲůˡ
ůҲҪ硣̺˵߹˵ԺǺ˴ˣٺһЩҩӣѪȶʱû׼һԴȥѩأ
ݸɫʵʵڵƯ
ٲãĹ˽ȻĿİʥʥʥϣ
ˮ
Ƿ޹
л˵
ٽСʱ

Сһ㣬һ㣬~~

ŮʵҲ˧ĺٺ١


52 ˮ
ɫ, һ¾ʹλվ˼ʵǸС̫ࣺ˵ʲôˮˣ
С̫˶Ҫſڵˣϴ, µ, ǣڸղ, ̫ˣ
һιȥ, ҺñһԵĹŮס, , 
ʥǰȥ§ȻһɫĶǸ˵Ͽȥ˾Ȼ𣡡
Ǳȥ˶ȥ, ̫ѾȲˣС̫ޱȰûԼǰ¡
һڣֱͦͦιȥˡ
Ȳ˵ǵʺס޵˵һǼֵƵģصôΡ
Ҫ֪£ôĹԱ֧, ȻΪﻹǵһЩѱ, һѻյĲֹеǮƣǰ;
Ҳüͷȥ̺⣬ǳǳʵúõĻʹôˮ
̺ҡҡͷ, §˽˵, Ǵ¡
δ꽪榾ȥס죬Ȼѣɣԡ
̺Цһ׽ס榵ֲۼһ, Ȼǣס֡
βָһ, ˵̺ûʲôεġ
Ǳһͷ۵İԼƸһԵĹŮ, ȻһŽǰ߷˹ȥ
˾Ȼ𰡣㻹Ÿʲôöϵ
С̫˳ȥ
ڳ˶ϻ̳ϿֵĹȥʥϢŭʥϱ尡
˾æ߳˵ʥϣ֮ҳݻ֣
һ˶ú󱳷½ԺѲ˾Ǳȥ顣
ӳɺЩԺѲ˾æվ񣺡ּ
̺ҲһˬĹ˹ּ֣
ⳡ־·ͻȻνĽӷȻҲûٰȥˣʥһ˦뿪
ϵ˽뿪ˡ
̺Ǹһ²ȤҲȥ飬ʥԸˣҲȥһ⡣
ͽ˽ˣȥȥͻأһһðȥģڼаĵҰա
΢΢IüִСϣҲصΣм̫࣬Թݻץ鲻Ѱˡ
̺ⶮý榵Ļ֮˵Ļˣǵﲻ˵ĻͿᡣ
Ц˵˲صģҶ׵ġ
˵һֺŽ榵ĸо˲࣬Ҳİɿˡ
Ȼ̺Ͳͬһý榲עѹͰ˵ǵñ÷ˣһ˼ˡ
Ϊ榲ֻ̧ͷ̺۾˵ͷ
Ȼƾȥ˽ߣˣ߰ɡ
Ҳ̧뿪̺⿴ԶȥıӰ¶Ц
ת뵽˷ˮһ£ֻһĨЦ
.
԰ǰȴƹ˺ü޵䲻罪榼ԺãҲϳⲻǳ·
ʵˣǲߴ·
ɫ糣ɫ˵ûߴȥһ˰ɡ
ƾĬĬĸ˽ѾߵģҪѧĲʣĲȥ˭ҲӦùʡ
ʱǾ͵һݻĹǰǶƽļɷĴֵ֣
ĲĵԼҷôߵ˳Ĺˡ
ûʲôĶҲ֪ûع̲סһ䣺ˣҪڴ˴ȳ𣿡
榵˵ͷţе£ͳ̸仰
˵̸仰ʵ˭Ҳ²׼򴽣ͷ˵
ʱһȵ̧һŮ˻ˡ
·С̫࿴˽榣һЩĶ̵ˣǰ˵޾찡
̱ڱĿĻƵ˫ۣ˫ڿ˽Ժ󣬻һĨ⡣
λˣ̵ʡ
С̫๧ĻأǸϾ׸̺ˡ
˼ص˵ͷСֹ̫ôˣ
ü޵˵ͣһ̧ͣΡ
̧εĹæСİ̷ĹŮæǰȥ˽Ρ
΢΢ףǰȥҲ΢΢һЦ첽ǰȻ󹧹ǷǷˡ
ϸЦ⣬ǰȥס˽榵СۣȻݸһЦһȰ˵ˣǺþò
֪Ѿ³ԼͼҲһ̬
榣ǰþò
߰ɣȥĳֵҺЩûˣһЩˡ˵
榣ãǾġ
˵ǾȥüЩǣҪǰȥȴعͷͬ˵ڴ˴ҾС
榷˻ֻԭأ˽ȥ
ȵ̵޷̾ǲˣֻͽ榶ˡ
榼˶˳ȥæǷʧˡ
ߣԼһһСڣȻ˵ͷ˵˵ɡ
榱̶档
̷˲豭ɨ˽榼ۣȻȻѰҪ˵
榵ף֪ģķϾǵ׸»£ϣɿվһ
̶Դţ˵Ǻ޽𣿡
ֻǽã̸֧֡榽͡
ЦЦѾʮˣЦʱβһ壬ԵһֱĹŵ˶ζ
ˣֻΪ򱾹˵˭Ҳ֧֣˵ΪҪֵ֧Ҳǣƴ÷̰
ϲʹ˵Ȼ̾ˡ
˵ǣҲûбĿģֻ˵ʱ򣬻һѡ񡣡榵̬Ⱥԣһ˵û֧κһˣ˵Ϊ׷̵ģ֤ġ
˲ôʣβԽ֮ģһϸã֮ľҪġ
治ɫŽ˵̺֪
֪֪ġ̫Ưˣ˵ҲƯ˵ǵˮ©
˵˴һ֪˵̸ԺͻѴ¸֪̺⣬ôԿ
ˣϲ򽻵ˡ
ˣô֤̺ͬأ̿ŽһŵģҲѵõĶ˼ֺġ
а취صǡ
վˣݱ롣
ҲվǰѰģˣиˡ
̵˵ͷ˳ȥȷűºԺȻһ͵
͵ŮˣľģҲʱˡ
С壬ȥҷˡ䣬ֻܸܵһιӰɿشܳ˹
˳ֵƼýͷöģΨֽ⣬榱˳һ
ǲĵǣ˵ƽڴ˴㲻Ҫٶˡ
·ߡ
ƴͷūˡ
л˵
ɺܶСQAQһ~~



53 ʧ
մԶĵƽȥ, ʵһĨҲڰɣ榶Ժǽ߸СèͶιʳ
һԵĸצŽ, ʱ, ԹСèˡ
üЦһСԴ, ˵һ仰, ȴ̲ס۾
̺һصԺͿ˽榶Ǳ, ߻һȺҰè, ϸһ鷢Ʈ, ȹһ衣
ǰȴͷҲص˵ɻˣ
̺ⲻ֪Լô¶˵ģҲ٣ǰȥҲ˽, ˵ջؼҡ
榰ǵ㶼ιСè, Ȼƫͷȥ̺Ҳģüᣬ価ζ
ݻ𷸲ô榴ʡ
̺˽榵, һȥϵʳ, һվ˵ô飿ҲǺ˵ǻˣⱨӦô
²޶ĿԺ, 榱û, ҲЦһ, ˵ڲݻ𷸵ʱҲô˵ˣ
̺ȴ۾ͻȻ˵һ䣺ˡ
գգۣ⣺ʲôˣ
̺Ⱛ˽һЩ˵Ӧסҵ죬˵ԡ
˵ǣ˽榵ַڴһ¡
榰ֳ˻ȥǵһۣ˵˫ƯƳһۣɣȥŰɡ
̧Ҫߣ̺ȥ֣΢΢Ķϣﷺ
úúãȥš̺Цõòˡ
ĩġ
綯
û˴ǰ͵ĺķͣ淺żƬǵҶ
.
ʮ󣬷Եɶû˵ҪҵǸݻˡ
˵ûյһϻӣϻһСָ
ֱ˹ȥѾڴ˺üˣмԺΣȻһյһϻӣװһСָ
ϾҲ׶ӣҪѴ½ԺѲ˾һ̺ƽҲ顣
ʱظʱ򣬽˯ˣ뿪ʱ򣬽榻δ
ֵ÷з¶ڲ²˭ǲǵʲôˡ
һʱìͷȻָһ𲻺ϵޡ
糯ʱɵ𳳵òɿ˳뿪ˡ
̺ڵǰߣ˾˽סˣˡ
̺ŶٽţæתһһϾ̺ǳĲֹ³
عؾصĸһ񣬵˾ŵòᡣ
˾˵̺𣺡˾˿ͬ飿
˾æ֣˵Ҳʲô£һµ飬ǿɲʲôüĿˣ
̺ⴹۣһĨ⣬Ȼһֵģ˵ʵѰףȥ£ֻ˵һڻظ·ϣ˴˺СָڶڵϢҹ޵ָ
ζʶѵʱʵ޴ְ̺˵࣬
˾ۺ룬Ҳһϧģ˵޵˻Ҳ
Ǻ˴˾ߵĿߵ
̺˫΢΢ζζ˵˾ˣǰԡ
΢ͣԷŵһ꣬æӦͣ˵˵ǡ
˵ִǰһ̺⼱æȻ˾˾뿪ˡ
̺⿴ǵıӰлһ˿
̧Ҫߣȴֱӳɽסˡ
̺⣡
ֻ̺ͣ׷󣬾һͷʣôˣ
ǵý榺˵ֻҪٽױģҪˣӳҲҪ
ӳһĿ˵µ顭
δ̺꣬˵ǺԺѲ˾ôûüĿ
ӳɽ˫ȭ˵Ҳ֪飬᯴˴ģֻ˵Ҫ㡣
ʲô̺üͷһʵ
ӳɣֻģһŲ֪
̺Ĭһ˵·ɡ
ӳɾתǰߣ̺ȥ
ʱ͵һȥԵһЩϾ⹬޵Ƿֺ˵ģҪѰһõطһʱ顣
ֻ㵽˴µԼɡӳͣ˵
̺Ⲣ̧žͽ޵
µĹŮ̫඼æŴ޵̺ˣڵǰŮӭ
롣ӣ˴֪ġ
޵ڴһŮϵĿҲ˲ﰡ
̺⳶һ̿Ц⣬Ȼ˻ȥװһȻ
̫ҽһŵĶǡ
̺°ݼˣݼ¡
һЩ־˲βˮŵϵ̺Ⲣ
̺ҲͲΪ
һһ̱Ķ̺˵ˣҶСָֿҵˣ
̺ƽȵ˵Ѳ˾ͺԺڲ飬ﲻؼС
ñôУ޵һѻˣҲֵëҲûҵѲ˾ôµģԽ˵Խֻ˳
ڴҲ޵ģֶֻ˰ɫɴȥһĪĻУ̺鼫ãȴһࡣ
ԺѹһͷȥǣѲ˾ˣҲֻΤ˷ԸΤʥϵͷ⣬㲻˵£ѹһССѲ˾ְƷôҲ֪ѹСô̺˵Żվ
ɫ԰ףָ̺ıֱǺ˵б𣡡
̺ⲻмû£ƾʲôҹ򣿡
һ仰ץһԵĲ豭̺⣬̺㿪ˡ
Źȥʮ죬Ů˾ʹӵ޶˱һӵģֻ̺вӶ
֪ݵģСָҲеģھͽ˰ץ˰˰˰񣬷Ķŵ⺰
æȥĸĸ侲
һȺָ̺˵ץץ
̺ɫһЩͷɨʮһۣȻ˵Ҫԩô
˵ʵԩг
ǲͬ˵˵˭Сָ̺üëһ˵
֧֧ᣬһĮȻ̬ȣ²˵óʥǰ֤ô
һ⻰ŵɫˣæҡͷȻ֧֧˵ǡӷ֬ġ
Ȼ֪Ǹ֬˭֪ӷǿϾ¥
ʲô˼ЩľȻʡ
ȴԸ˵ȥˣ̺˵¼Ȼ˵ڣǾó˵ɡ
¶ӷǸ֬һ飬˼̷ǵºˣȴ֬һԸңѧ˵յŮӣҲ֪ˡ̺⹴ЦһЦ
ȻţɼһڲģҲ֪ʵˡ
ڳһ𾪵ģ
ȥȥ
̺Ⱥ̫ҽæ˳ȥ̺뿪֮ǰĵĽŴˣ𣬺ϴ
ˣǸ֬ץ𣿡޵йŮȥ̺⡣
̺صЦһ£˵£˲Ӧò˵ȥĶץºӣҲץ
˵ǰЩСۡ
̺ƳЩһۣɿһ˵²ҪҪҲҪ˵׿ڳϵġ
˶淴ģ̺ô˵ҪľǹܲסĴ
Ƶһˬһ
ȻȥѲ˾
.
գϾľȵķҵģ˵ԼΪʲô鲻á
ʹѾƻˣ榻һĳ
źԺǧϣ
Ѿʮˣ˵ĵģ˾ͲҪˡЦһЩޣ۾·ѾһС
ǰ˵榶ûԼѾ濴ôˡ
һΣȻͻȻüʣƣЩȥĶ
ץǧӵֽһ£ʣô˷ˣ
ҡҡͷû£Ǿһɺص֬ζ
ζ֬һЩ̱ǣѰŮõۣ֬Ϊһ춼ζŮ輧õġ
ɫ糣˵Ǽūȥһ³ǶǱߵ֬ӣǸʱȾϵģū澾ȥϴһ·
æµģš
ˣҲڽ榲עʱһȻƶǧ
ʱ̺˻û߽ȴˣˣ榣
ɫһƼæסǧŽվȻɽǰȥ̺һ˽
ɡ榹򶨵ĺһ
̺æ߹榰סǰȥģ̺סȻ̺һѾͽӵ˻
ôߴ˵榱ӵڻ˵Ǳڻ̺һָֻס˽榵ĺǣһֻȵĿסϸ
ˡ̺صĻ˽һ
һ£Ȼ뿪̺Ļ̧ͷ̺ʮ̺飬榶ûۣϸ̺ɫ̫ɹúһЩһЩ
ɣЩӶôס̺ʡ
̺Ķݸ˰ƣƽӹ˳Ժ䡣
ݻûСָ˲ˡ̺ⷴס˽榵֣ȥ
榼æʣǺˣǳ˵ģйأ
̺ҡҡͷý榰ȵˣȻҲ˽榵Ķ棬˵ûϵָУֻԼǷµķծѡ
̺ȥͽ˵˳
Ǵ²Ҫˣ榵ǵ
̺˵ͷ
ƭŮǰܾŮӺ۸˱ԼĴôüͷ̺ͬ˵
̺ͷ˵ĶеϾգϾҲ˺ġ
λ֬ҪץôȫǴ
̺⣺˲ץ
Ȼ෴ƭŮӣҪ۵ģƭף²ʵֵŵԣºתͰֻ֬СָѾˣҲ֬ҪǱĹûհû֬ǰ¸ҵӣǰװ׽ƭӣǿɶ񣡡һߣģʵڿɰ
̺һů⣬̧Ž榵˵ҵķ˰
һɻĿ̺⡣
̺⸩ͷĴӡһ£ģڱǼ⣬̺ͷݺݵһȻ̧ͷ˵˷İɣͳЩҲȥס֬ġ
榱ͻǾûһֻһĨȷȻֻѩɵ㡣
̺Ǿ仰üһҲȴǣæʣҪô
̺ͷϴ߹ҴһȺȥ㣬֪Ⱥ˭ô
ҡҡͷ˵榵ʱҲɻΪȺ˲ǾӵˣŴһЩɽġ
̺⣺û֮ǰʶĵǣһǴɽկ죬׾ҹϵãҲ˽ӵ֬Ͱ͵ɽկȥ
榣ԭɻʶЩ˰
̺һЩ˵ûٵʱʶܶ·ˣֻ˹٣ͺǹϵ赭һЩ
˴ҲһЩãȻˣʣΪҪ٣
Ϊָָ̺Ŀڣص˵˵ġ
榲ǶһЩãȻ
˲ҲûµģԺ֪ġ̺̲סһ½榵ͷȻվˣԡ˯˰ɣɫˡ
ȷʵ̺ʱѾٽˣֱģɫڵûôˡ
̺Ҫȥϰ䣬榾ԡˡ
Źȥһʱ̺ڸڷϴˣǻѾڴϿˣͷδ͸̺ץһӣ߹ȥȻĸͷ
榷飬̧ͷ̺⣬ǸȵʣŵҲɿģ¶ǰƬؼ
̺ûע⵽榵Ŀ⣬ЩкҩҰŵĴ㿴𣿡
Ļأÿ춼кȵģ˵ļѾõòˣٺһЩӵҩͿԲٺҩˡ
̺ﻶϲ˴ߣס˽榵֣ǰǵӣҲڿ԰һЩˡ
榲֪˵ʲôݺݵĲ˲
˵˱Ļǰ찢Ͱʱ㲻ڸϣɴҲ֪ɾΪĲһС
ǲӦô̺
榼˵˵͸ûҪǸ˿ˡ
仰Ļ̫ˡ
Ҫһǣĸƺ̺⡣
ƾ榵ĲתǲģȻҲ˵˲ٵĻýĸǽŮ
̺⾪ϲ̽ʣ榡ˣ
榵˵ͷӦǵġ
䣬̺һĵЦһ§ס˽榣Ȼͷļϲ˲䡣
榣ЩõϢˡ̺ļɳƵ˵
ҲЦЦ̧̺Ӳĺ󱳣ɾģǶüҲü
̺˳ӣޡ
ʵ̲סˣˮ۾һĹ˳રવ˽榵ļͷ
ǰʮ룬ȫǲõĴţ˵ЩټҴС㽲ŵԡ
ϧһд۰Լͽ˳͢ǮסԼĵλʱһ򽪸ĸף˵Ѿʼ˵ýˡ
շתѲĺüҹ̲סˣ£Ӧһֱ߸ϣ˶Ⱦָ
Ȣظʱ򣬶ҪҪκþɼڡ
»֮ҹһͷһķݺһ
ڣѾڽ榽ˣҹȥԼģôġ
ĸˣͲס
ͷһʪ⣬һһӵ̧ͷ
һ˫ģ۾ͺȻ˽榵
üëһ̲סЦȻȥ̺ϵᣬ˵ɣôѽ
ֱ̺ˣҾǡ
ͷݺݵĿһϵˮȻ˵ҾǾã̫Ҹˡ
۾Ҳһ㷺ˣְ̧̺ϵ鷢ˣȻ˵ҿüɵġ
̺ӣ̲סˡ
榶̲סЦɣ
̺ͷһȻְѽ§˻榲ҪңҲ֪ôˣǰϲᣬǰٶĿ࣬Ҳһ
ýζӳµġ
̺֮ǰƺܹܶࡣ
ǰʲôģ̲סʡ
̺˵һЩЩ˵Ļ
šһ̺ġ
һҹ֮Ĺϵͨ͸ֻʣһ㱡Ĥˡ
̺ѾܶಽˣһƺڵȽȥɽȴѾˡ
.
ڶ̺ȥϳֻ˻ûӸϢȴˡ
鴫Ժôһ̫ҽѾ˼ʮڵǰˡ
ҪԺǸ֬ץȥ
榵һ̺ҡҡͷҪ¡
ȹǸ̫Ժ̺˵ѾԸȥˣץ˵ġ
ｪ榲Եһ
һ⣬˹Ƹ˰ɣʱ˺ͣʱɣѡ֮ˡ
Ҳˣڵﲻżκˡ
Щ̲סɻʥδ󲡣ʵڸɡ
ƫƫʧԺƫƫ޵֮󣬷·λþ޵ѡλá
ɳлһ̰
ʱȥ׷¡˵
̺˵ͷԽ榵ĻŲɣҲʢŽ뷨
л˵
ȸô࣬Բˣһ߱ˣһԲ߸Ϸʮ㷢԰棬ϸ΢@⣩ôôߴǵö׵Ŷ~



54 Բ
˲, ͢±㲻ȥ糯ˣ̺һУŽ鷿˺ܾõ顣
һܿ͹ȥˡ
ź̺һ˵һЩʲô, ̺Ԥȥһˡ
̺ʲôҲû˵, Ҳüšüͷǰȥ̺һ½, ˵Сġ
̺˵ͷ, ڽ榶һǲȥ
.
Ͼ, ԺСѾ, ˷ϴžúһ㣬ϰԵƳһ, ˡ
վȥ˵磬綼һЩġ
̺?һߣԱߵǸҡ
СŽգֻоҲǿտյġ
榼ǵ̺ǰǱõġ
̺û˵н, ߲ܽķ, ԽֻվſĬһ󣬾ƿš
С֨ѽһĸɾ࣬Ϩ, ֻ滹յ΢
榴űֻһЩ, һ̧̤ݡ
˵Ѱ, ˵˺棬Ϊ̺żҹ, Ȼ
ƹ໨ĵ磬һĴ, ûбӣһЩƩߵǱ飬ֻƷӣ߽榲Ҫ˵һЩѡ
ͷһ£榿½廨ͻȻ˺ܾ֮ǰһҲ˵Ǽ¡
ƺǵûж·
ڳ
榹ʹȥǼȻѾȾһŨѩ㣬ƺȾĳҺɺ˵ĺۼ
һֻ֣Ѵ?ﻬ䣬Ȼʱ̺Ƶʲô
ŵüæתȥȻȴһæңӦûȶǰ˹ȥ
̺һְҽ۵üͷ˽š
̺Լŵ˽榣æ˵ҵĴ榴?ûӣΪС
榲˵ҽֻĵۡ
̺Ⱨ뿪صԱߵԣȻѽȵķ˴ϣȻ˴ߡ
ס˽榵ҽţЬһҽŽѾص̾һϢ
ҵĴĬĬ
ҡҡͷԼĽ˵Ҳ֪ɲȥ
̺ɫ˰ûвȥֻǡ
ĶǺͽйصģֱ榷ˣΪ榻Ầˡ
򴽣˵ˡ
̺ȥһȡһƿҩԴ?Ȣ˽Ժ󣬸㳣ҩˡ
ֵ˵ҩҩЧãϾҲûޣ̺ޡ
¶˽榽űߣסţһָҩ״ĨȥᣬŪ˽榡
榸˼ˡ
ʱ̺ͻȻʣ㶼ˣ
ʲôǴЩǼմҺ£Ƕ̺ơ
ش
ǹ˵ֻ㣬ֻԹ䣬ָǴֲڣҪˡ
ֻתƱĻ⣬ǲһЩһЩĸо
̺һÿϰ䣬ָк룬榽ϸȥֻһϸĹУ˿̺øһЩ
룬ķôô
ȥĶѰĶҲöġ
뵽˴ͻȻЦһŽ榵Ľʣ
ô죿ҪѰķô̺ζ˵
òԾȴҲһ
Ȼۿ̺һָҩѹ⡭
˫һ𾪲ѣ¾Ҫѽȥ̺յô
ɣҲҪˡеúܣŴ벻
̺˵˻㸶ж
ȵģҩǱģڽý榼?ݣ˫ֳڴߣͷߵúβˮǶβҡҡ׹
ȥˡ
غĲֻǽˣһĽֺҲ˺졣
̺˹ˮڣĸҩ˳ȥȻĵ潪榰˽ס
һ߷ߵģ̲סȥβˮȥͬʱ٩ǰѰô
һۣȴʵʵĹ˶Ĵ
̺Ⱔ£ճ޽ǵķ˿𿪣Ȼ̾һôôţ
ͷͽ榶ӵ
̧ĨĨ۾
̺Цβʣǰˣ
ﻹҡҡͷŵĶ̺Լ飬װԼûˡ
̺֪ôģѾÿˣԶˡ
һˣߣҹҹȻֻܿüȴţͻȻƵ榣ҡ
ͳƣֲһһ䶼ڹģü
̺˵ġʲô˼
̺һúظ˵
ô榸Ӳ⣬ȴȲŵ߷ˡ
̺𴽽ǣŽǺı¹һһ䣺
Ȼı
ϴ˿ڣʱζ̺Ĵĥʵġ
˫һǰ̺Ŵ˵˫ۣǵô顣
ƺ˽榵Ŀ⣬̧̺ס˫ۣȻֻ˿Ĵһ㣬Ŵ˵榣졣
榿ʱʹ̺˵ʲôʶľģԵòС
̺һͿ˸۾ϵֻ֣Ȼһֻֿĺǣһֻǯȥ
̽ȥ׺ĵɨţﱻƵ?·ˣֻԼࡣ
榷ϴ裬һɵ㣬㣬̺ȴˡ
һɴȹ͸ķɴǹֵģ̺оԼȡ
˫̺ĲӣûӦ̺Ũ/
ȥ榵´һĨǸӦ
´ֶסҲ뿪˽榵˫榲Է飬Ժ˫ۡ
ǵú̲סڴڵĴ˫Ŀǵʧ۲٣β󣬹ҡҡ׹ӡ
һɣ
̼䣬̺ļһĨҲȻ?棬ȥٸ˵ĻᣬקŽ´Ҳһһ㱡
§Ž榸ִ?Ȼ?ǣV?ҵ˿ǣɳʽ榣𣿡
˫룬û?̺һ䡰𡱡
̺ʣҿ𣿡
߷ߵòУ˵ڣֻ̧§ĲӣȥӦ
̵ֽĶǵã֪ôźԼķзĶ̺סϸ
ѹ˵
˵ͷ˽榵ľ䣬ȵĺһȥ̲סһйһĨ̡
ǯҪڽͷ
ܿ˵Ľף׺ݡ
£Ů̵ĿƵĴ
ʱ󣬴һָֻⷺ˳ݺݵİס˴أͬʱһֻֱĴֿס֡
ʮָۡ
洫̺٩ĶĶˣָⶼ
䣬һЩ
.
ԼĪһʱ󣬴û˶̺һһͰ͵˴¶ؼȫץۣҧۡ
̺ȥߵһȲȻص˴ߣƿ˴ʣϵ˴ı˻ιⱭ²衣
ֻ?¶İľϣǺۺҧۣһƬңŨĳζ֮ȥ
۾ˣѷֲǺˮˮˡ
̺⽫ƽ˴ϣִһˮϸĵΪϴš
/ʱͻȻŴϵˣƵ˵榣ˡ
䣬һͷ˹
̺ʵʵİһͷȴЦøˡ


55 λ
شԶĵƽ, Ժʪأ¶Ҷϣ˳Ҷ䵽˳, δ𡱵
Ժĳӽ˷
ԺһȺè, ˳Ŵ￴ȥ
˯ŵ˻ûҪ˼̺§Ž, ϰһͰ͵, ǰ, µ治ץ۾ҧۡ
˯ð, ¶ľֲǺۺǳǳҧۣ֮ѩζŨ
߾ĳ/ζ, ֻڴζҲ֪淢ʲô
֮պ顣
̺ѹëȲ˲ȻƵ۾, ˫۾ɫġ
˯, ̺͵һÿ榣̲סļһΡ
ôı˯ô
̺̲סͷȥͷ, Ǽ, ŵɿ˽榣׼뿪齡
Ȼһֻֽק°ڣ̺õԷƺҪˡ
̺飬ŽҪ, ڵùǺ, ½
˽榵ָ, Ѵ˳Ȼѵ´ϵˡ
·Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬴ϵȴ˯ۣ
ȫʹʹֱһЩطҲ΢͸У̺ģðϴӣһ׸ɾѻϡ
ˣ䲻ĳ
̺ѣµĲӽס֪νˡ
һַǺѾҪþ˵ĸҩҹĻƱӿԺ
̺һתһ·һֻڨڨ˵ѡ
ǱҪߵĶ
榿ɻҹ£̺û˵ģϰ˺ͷתģϵĶһ㲻ͣЪ
Ƕ߰ɣֲˣһҲԡ榴ƿ˱¶ֻŰɴĽš
̺ݺݵĴʹһ£Լˡ
Ǵǰȥ˴ߣȻͷŽ榵۾ϵ˵榣ȥһȵġ
榱ͷ˵Ҳ֪һƭ˵ʱû뵽һ
̺ԩľ˫֣ҷģѾˣ
榱ͲҪҲĬô
ʱͻȻڣƵˣ𣿡
ûӦƾһţ˵ˣҩѾˣڿҪʱˣˡ
̺ȥţ̧ͷͿ̺洺磬һУٿľǳһץۺҧۡ
æͷ
룬˯ʱⲢǽ榵ϰߣ񿴵̺⣬Ҳ֪Եɡ
Ҳڰૡ
̺һ˵źͷ˵ҩãϾˡ
ǷǷ˳ȥ
ֽ̺ŹغˣȻ»ص˴ߣǷˣź㻻·ɡ
榻һðź¾Ҫ޴ˣȻ̺Ҫ·Ҳûоܾ
̺ȥһȹһµƼ磬ʰЩ
κѡ˰죬ͻȻ˵ǴβһֻɺôǸɡ
̺⻹Ϊ榲ֻ֪ѾƷԥһ£˵ˣ֧Ǽٵô
榾΢΢ϧ˵ɵ˼㲻˰ɡ
̺϶ҲԸæһԲȿȣ˲˵αѱ𣿷˼ȻҪǡʹɡ
˵ȥӹװӵĺӳǳ˳ֵİѽ榵ǧ˿
榲ɫ䴽
Լ֣Ѿ¶ˡ
ǵһθϴͷôҵ֧ӵλá
ɫһЩûҪĴ㡣
˶ѲųţǸҩȻǲҩҪȴǲܵģĽ׻׵мô
·ȻǺۣһȳһյģȴǲÿġ
Ծ̺Ⱨȥ˴ãѾںţľǲԹɫѾһʳЩӵʳ
榳ԷʱܾźѾǶЦ⣬̺⵹ȻڽߣֲͣЪĸвˡ
֮ĬĬԣ̧Ƴһʲôˣ̺ܸܿй
ȻúѾܶˡ
.
ǵڶˣﴫϢǲõģʥһֱϣ̫ҽڵǰû뿪
޾춼ھ
ʧ˳裬ʻڲϣⲻǸɵʱô
Ǳ߳ˣӳɺҲûϢãÿһ½û
Ϊȥ˹գӳҲ񳳵ûţ̺˽ºͽ˵ȥҲ³˳λعͼ
ȲҪȥ
Ϊһеһж̫ɺˡ
Ѿֹȥ˺ܶˣʥϲԾɲת칬ʥּʥҪ̺һˡ
̺ʱڸ榹ڵʹʥּ󣬾;˫ȥӹʥּ˵ּ̺
־ˡ
Ƚӹʥּ;ʹ˳ע͵͵һӡ
ʹ˲ֵһӣȻЦеĶԽ˵ˡ
ҲЦ˵ǸТģҲҪͷʹ˶չһҼҶɡ
ʹ˵˵ͷͻȻѹص˵ˣū澾Ͷһ䣬ڳ͢úܣǵҶɼرģ˭ĶӶҪվǱĸ
æת˻⣬˵ãʹ´ʱ򣬸һúд
ʹϲˣĴ˿ɲˡ
Цŵ˵ͷȥĿԶԺ󣬽ɫԽԽ䡣
.
ٽ̺ŻĻһŴӵĸߴˣԼĪʮң˽榾ʹǰȥ
ȻŽתȦ˵ǶүС𣿡
̺һ
׾æĹְ˽һ£˵׾Сܼɩɩ
һԱţҲ֪̺ἰĴɽկկ
ͽԼһɩɩʵڵס
Щֵ̿ĳ˳ǣ̺ȥ
̺§˽榣˵Ҫ£ֻСס졣
榽ʥּѾ֪ˣ׾ҲֻΪд㣬ʵټҪȥء
榵ͷá
׾ͷЩִŵģǶү⼸ڸ߶Ƕλˡ
ҪǶԽ˵ģΪоƺеԼ
ҲóΪ׾סվ˵µģȻǶɵѣڴ˴ס㲻߶š
⽪Ҳڲ£׾ȻǴɽկկôԵ޹ϾǣĪ̺⻹ʲôĴ㣿
벻ףҲͷٶˡ
.
峿̺ľȥ˻ʹ
Ĺ˺ܾòűټȥ
ټ޵ҩζű߹һȺҹδߵ̫ҽ̺ɨۣȥ
̺ݼʥϡ̺ⲻ
˼ӻɫĴʺ洫һҪƿ;ˡ
̺⹰֣ǣˣʥϣôˣ
˺ܾò˵ɣҲ͡
δ̺꣬˵ʥϵꡣ
Ц˼䣬͢ڵҲˣڿ°Ͳ˰ɣ
仰˵ڳ˵ͷһȣ̺ⴹͷɫȴޱ仯һЩ
֮£֪飬һֻ̺˵Լŵļٻ̬ȴϿҵòˡ
Ĭһֿ˺һ
䣬Ǿ޿ҳϣ𣿡ԽԽ仰ǴӷιＷġ
̺ٴιʥֻ谲ĵȳһ۳ϣһ
ЦԽԽƣԽԽܣ䣬޸ᡣ
̺˳ȥһ뿪޵ú˳һЩ
ƺԤ֮УƺΪʱһЩ
.
صͽ˴£ʣ榣˵Щ˼ǲǣҪԼҲ̨
üͷҲе벻ס
ʥϵĲΣ˱ġ
̺ϸĻһ˵ոƺȷʵء
͸Ծˣʥȷʵأ²Ӧһδô
ʧȥʸΪһпܵļ̳ޣӦΨһѡô
ּҪôûװҪôѾҵµĴ
ô룿̺ʡ
榻عִ˵Ըɾ飬̽ʵ
ǡ榶һ£һָõĿӿͷ
̺ʣʲô
вλõˡص
̺ü㵵Ҳӣ
š榵ͷ
ô˵ĻȻǸϺ갡
̺ȻӦҪһ޵ȥǱ㲻ܹ顣
ߵýĻһԭǣ˲ٵǮȥܵбĳӪҵ
һжܵģ̺һֱ֪ϾǮһֻܵһˡ
ԼˮѾʼϴµǮˣͱҲصԼ£ò˵޴һֺ̰
ȻҲҪ׶ˣֻ˳ˮۣ˳ˮһˡ
Ƿ۱̺ҹã榰ҹһ飬ܵˣȻ컹ûʱ͵С
.
쳿ظƽߣ޾ͱн˻ʹʮ۱ž޵Դ
һ̬ϣúָŵһ۾˵ӣӣ
޻ûأʹ췴ǰɣ˫ַ
Ҫ⵹ԼӣҵĲֹ̺һˣص۶ٵӵ
Ϣŭһԩδ˵ȴ󲻾鰡ֻǷʧ裬ʲԺ
ҲЩ治˼Ϊ֪Ǹλöһˣû뵽ǲɢԼһֱյô۵
ڳе˲Ӧôôһһȥ
ѵ˵ϹԼЩλǳسץһԵ̨ޡ
Ȳֻ޵ֱۡ
ԩʣԿࡣ
һӣˣˣӹû޵˭Ҳ׼
һ󰧺б޹
ز׷ʧ衣
ƺȺˣȻڶ죬ʥϵĲͻȻȬ׵ģ̫ҽϲϲĴʥزȬˡ
һо˳ˮһÿһƺһ
޺ûµʱ򣬳͢һ޵ģһ𵳵ģһֲҾģҾǵԽԽ
֪ʵˡ
ʮ꣬ʮɱ߱ǻʮĻʵ۾Ҫλˣģ
ɱ߱ãɱʲôأ
õɴ財˶ĿɣԤƹıЩ
Ǹʱ֪ˣʱˡ
ʮ۶ŵģҲûˣʵ۵λãֻˣҲûӳˡ
⻹
Ϊ׸ļҲȹ⸻еĹҲ࣬ƫƫСС蹹һ
л˵
ѽѽѽ~еˣôдģӦûɡ



56 
̺һֱû糯, ˵Ҫȥݻ𷸣ԺǱȴˣʣµ̯ȫѲ˾ˡ
糯Ҳ, ̺һ, ˿еģȴʲô¡
̳, ǵĵȴûκ, ̺δе˱ʥϡˡ
̺鷿㽪榿, ȻǶ, ȴڶ̶һյʱڣ̾Ϣ˺üˡ
̺ɨ鰸, ˹صȻŽʣ榣ʲôأ̾ġ
ȥù̺㿪, Ȼ˳ס, ôˣ
ʡ
榷Э̺۾ֲԾ̾һʥϾôģ
̺ɿŽֵֻ, Ȼüͷȥ, ˵ǹôġ
ﲻҵģӰһˡ˶٣̺˵͢ûһվӵ˱, ֻһһ, Ϸҿô
, ɾô
뷨ֹ̺̺ģĿ
榾˵عͼԲɾԸ׷泤г㣬ʥϾͶġ
̺϶Ҳ̫ˡ
̻عΪǸλãȥ׷ԼλȥʧܣԼҲգǣ˽榣ǾҪ˼ˡ
̺ҡҡͷʧˣǾץҵİѱˣʱȻ⡣
ȷʵҲ뵽ģֻڶ̵˽⣬ûȫ׼Ҳعġ
ɾҪȥ𣿡üͷ
̺ûĹü֮һĨ֮ȥĳ
̺§Ž榵鰸£Լֳڽȱߣý榸һЩ
ܵ榵ĺһףݸЦһ£Ȼ˵ˣҪü
ҲԾչüȻ̺˵͵͵ɽկȥСסһʱ䡣
Ȼϣץ̺֣Ϊʲô
Ҿ˵˵˲Ҫ棬ҿЦġ榵һĨŴ룬̺ݺݵĳһ£æЦȥ
죬ʥ̫أǲͲµˣ
̺ⲻ֪̫࣬ʹȥĴǣĶô޷ǾµļҲвˡ
ľٶǿʲôأ
Ҫ㿪̺Ĵ࣬ǲܵıʲô̺ԲԸˡ
һǯŽ榵һֿĺԼһͬʱȥĴƵһ仰˵
ǰ֮ſģ̺Ļҧز̺ȥ
̺˿˽榵ĴĵɤŽ˵榣졭
ŴԸ⣬˫Ŀ΢΢󣬱ҲһЩˮ
̺Цһ£ȥ̽ȥ˿榵أҲأ̺
̺ǯŽϸֻ־ģ˵榾ͲԾĴһ̺ô˾ͼ˽榵࣬ƵᶼҪ˳
˫ʧˮ˳β˳̺ŷŹ§˻Ϣ
һ⽪Ͱʵ֮ԺˣһƬհףֻźʿ
̺⻹Ķ榾ȥץ֣Ҫ
̺ƣʣΪʲôҪ
ֻҡͷ˵̺ⴹһۣ˵ҪģҪġ
˵ȥ

.
ƻ裬ϾǱϦȾٺɫϵ˲١
ͥԺҰèڴܡ
ҡҷƵѴķΧӳø컣
榴ѩ׵£/µĺۼ˯죬˿ɢڴͷģ۵òеӡ
̺˴һߴ·һ߿Ž榣òС
ǰãõŮӣϧ̫̰ˣԾһаȢ˼ң־ãõķˡ
̰Ҫ۵ģ̰һĨᣬ벻һĨˣȴݲˡ
òһĨˡ
̺ɫ˺ܶࡣ
Ժ̺ͷ˴ʣŵ뿪
ͥԺ׾棬̺ˣæӭǰȥүֻҪһ£ǴɽկĵǾ԰ɩɩȻͳϾǣ
̺ɫҡҡͷ
һȥʱҪǱڻʹˣǻͷ˺ú뿪С̺м
Щ򸮱̫ˣ뿪Ⱥ˾ͻһֱţʱ˭߲ˡ
׾ĺƺήˣƤֳŵ˵һɩɩ뿪ˣٻ㣡
̺ŵͷƢ󣬲ԸߵĻʹֶΰɡ
׾üͷһֶεʹʹºͣΪô󿳵˰Ǳ֤үģ׼ɩɩһ£
̺԰ģȥˣѾ˺ܾˣǰȥǷǷѾźˣֵǵˡ
̺һ÷ˡ
ūüͷǵĿ̺⡣
̺ͷҲصȥˣֱԶȥƲŻع
.
̺׵úܣڵý榼ԣѾǵڶ峿ˣǱԺҰèĽѵġ
ߵıȻӿһĪĲ
溰һɣ
Ĳ̺⣬ǰƵˣˣ
ɫ˰һ
ͷԼѾһ׸ɾ£ҲϴûвʵĵطÿߵһѩɵŲˡ
ʣأ
Ǳ߶һ²˵ȥ£ܿͻ
榱粻١
˵Ҫū澽źˣ
榲Ĭˣƾ˽һ·˹һѾ߶ϴˮ
榲һ䣺ȥˣ
δϸ˵ƹؾصĻӦˣҲйٶˡ
.
ǰ¶ˣ̺ͷһЩ˫ȭȴð
ҹʱʱӣȴ˵Ѿ˯ˣֲ
Ҫ̺ġ
ãյ̺Ǻص޵Ųűʹӭǰ˵ʥˡ
ԽȥˡʹĬĬؿһѶǵܺѹ˵һҹ̺
̺лǿϥǵʹ̤˵ڡ
ѾϴˣϣӸµĿ̺Ǹģ˳ǡ
̺¹ȥڴʯذúܣȥʱһʹб鲼ȫ°ݼʥϡ
бһۣɫĺһյ裬ȻŲ˵ҹ˯һЩôýǵǵһҹ
̺ͷϥϵȴ˽
ǳòʱ򣬻ʥ˯̺˵
ЦЦ̺ʣȻ˳ҪޣʲôҪҪ˵
̺ͷ˵ʥһεģڳ͢λҲʥϸġ
㻹ǵȻòˡ˵
̺ԳʥϾ޶ģλ̳£֪ʥѰʶ٣ʥϳȫ
ʥĬĬ˺ܾԺ˵ĲҰҪʲô
˵뿪Σ뿪֮ǰһ䣺ϣܺú롣
˹ǣ̺кַܶ£ȴΪҪǸ֮ˣֻѡķ
˳뿪ϾǣҲûʲô˼ˡ
.
Źһͽû˵仰׾ͻȻҽ˵˻
Ȼ˵ͷʾ֭뻰⡣
ɩɩͶүʲôʱɻģ׾ʡ
һ£˵¶ʮ
׾һģӰ
榳Цһ¡
׾Ц˵ɩɩ㲻ãү֮ǰɽ߱ʱǽһڣڣȻǸģˣ
˵̺Ĺȥ榵ʣʣǰ߱ꣿ
үĻأʲôɹʮ꣬÷ɽĿɻʱһĵǳԺȣǸɻʱ˺üˡ
׾˵ûɫģ㵸ģȻһȳ˵үʱһôĴ󿳵һ·ɱ˵ǰ˼ҵŵһӣ͸˷˫ʣǻؼҡ
˵׾̲סЦҵЩһҲһҶĿ࿴ģ׬ǮʱҪһЩ¡
üΪҪôƴ׬Ǯ
׾Ҫ˵ߵĻ˻ȥҾͲ֪ˡ
񣬽榾֪˻ѣ׾˵ܱܲ˼Ұɡ
׾æѽǰĲ赹ˣȻ¸һ˵ɩɩȲ裬Ȳ裬Ҽ㽲үĴ¡
ߴŽ榺Ȳ裬ҲߴٹˣΪպҩҲûкȣ׾ڴߴˡ
榿һðĲˮֿһЦһ׾ãһҾͺȡ
ʲô
׾ˣһߣϲ˵Ҫ˵үĴ£Ƕúܣٺ˵һǵڹյʱ򡭡
δ꣬榾ʹ˵ڹ£
׾ȻȻĵ˵ͷѽ
ʲôʱأʡ
׾˵ǹ˰ʮ뿪գϾǵġ
榳Ĭ˺һ̲סʣΪϾ
֪Ҳû˵׾ҡͷѣһѺӾͶ˵׾֪̺ϾǵԵɵġ
榲ǰĲˮҪƺȥˣ׾Ȼһƽﵹڴúܡ
ͻȻַ˲豭˵կȥҰҩҽ˺ҩ
׾ûȣеż˵Ҫģͽȥ
榲İⱭ׾Ĳ軻λãȻ׾Ĳ赹ԱߵĲݴͰѲ豭ŵϡ
ԼҲſϣѾ˯˹ȥ
ʱ׾ҩ뱿ֱŵС˹ϺᵹĲ豭ͻԵĽ榣Сİҩϡ
ȻСֹɩɩĲģⶼǶүԸģڶүڹﻹûǾ͵ð㰲ȫͳϾǡ
ǧҰ׾˫ֺʮ˰ڣȻǱһʹȥҰƹ
һת¾û˫ϥʼȶ˶ƺϵ˹ȥ
ʵʵһ
Ժģվǰ˵կ´βҪȰ˺Ȳˡ
Ȼ׾һͷһ£ͻ˯˹ȥ
һ˲ǣҪ⡣
榰׾ŵһ飬Ѿµ߰˰ˡ
̺һȥʥϣǴԼϾǣȥԼƽ
榴ҴҵܳԺȻҪӴóȥȴѾ˺ܾˡ
ֵס˽榣˵ˣ˵ܳ
榶˵Ҫȥ
Ĭ̬ȴǿӲ
ЩŵʣƣҲϰ֮ˣӦ֪ǹƥԵйô˵ʤ㣡
Ҫȥֻгܱ³̺ˡ
ɫȻЩԾһᶨ̬˵ūֻӵ˱񡣡
ֽ˵կֱӴΪ¿ƲסŪūģԲ˵֡
ͬ˵Ҫȥƣֻܱܳסˣ
û˵ȴһ߰ʮŮôҪ
סͰͬһʱ俴棬̴һɫ޺ĴԵʲ
żôĽ
ƼæȥݼҲǷǷ
£ôˣЩϲʡ
̿һۣ˵ͨŵģҹʱ빬ڵǰһҹֵ˸ɳеȥˣ֮ҪĿɲֻļҲôˡ
ɫһףҲܿķӦ˹̼ȻԳ˵£˵Ը־³̺ġ
ӦôĿࡣ
̫ϲˣ罪榣Ǹˡ
˦תµ˵
æҪȥȴקס˽榵֣ģȻԥѡ
ͷҲص˵СѾͷȻ˽榽ȻҲܴ̺һ㲻᲻ס
Ĭһɿ֣榵˽ţæ̡
̾˵̺ⱻڸɳеҪ취ʱ򱾹㽻õ̺ġ
Ǿγˣ
Ѿˣô͵ÿŲαˡ
Ժ˾û˵һ仰ˡ
̴ŽѰһС·Ͼ֪ˣġ
أţԺ˵ǱΪ빬ұ㣬ġ̵ݸ˽һ鹫ͨơ
һ
Ȼ̾޵ȥˣߵС̫Žȥ˸ɳе
ɳеʱĵطΧźܶ榹ȥʱæס˽榡
榰ƾĬĬԣ໥һۣȻһ˵ʥ˭Ҳ׼
ȹֽ˽˵ҷ빬ʥնؼңҪȥ
󣬿ɵڵʵ̫ˣҲԵΪͻأˣڵ̺ݺݵһ顣
榴˿̲Ӧȥɽկ·ô
ʥ۵ֶסëʣ˵Сˡ
̺ⲻ˵
ȴʥϣҷҹ빬ֽûؼң˵Խ˸ɳеûˣؼң
ųì赲Ž榡
ؼңһˡһмЦһ£̺ⶢ˵Ҫʲôûκ飬ǶҵķˣôұȻ˳ĵġ
̺䣬˵
ôãʼûа䱧Թݻἰ˽榣ͼŭ̺⣬Ҳ̺ȥҰһɺһ¡
ûκ£ͽ޹ڹôãǾûе飡榲ݣ
ʱʥߵʹ˴ӵ˳Сͬ˵ˣʥϲ˵ģūȰȻȥɡ
ﳶһĨŪƳŵǰѳͻȻǰȥѽ˳ȻŽž
ڳ˶һ
榼˵ʥϣҪҵķҸ˷ĺӣҽˣͻ޹˼ɣˣ
л˵
ٴǹ١



57 
ʹŵæ, ʥʥʥϣ˰ѽڲҪˣ
Ҳһ£Ϲŵ̺סˣϥϵֽ˽, ̧ͷ
ʥ, ҵķҪ˵ǰҾûһˡ̺˿˵ģֺ, ͸һѪϢ
̺, ̧̧, 
ʹæȥ, Ŷ³С˽ȥ
̺ڵϣҪ, ǰȥݼ
ݼʥϡ
۾Сʵڲأֵ޵ĵǰˣмԴã
榲һҹδ, ʵڵġ
㵣ʲôɱ
榱Ĭ, ʱѡĬĬˡ
̺ⲻȥ榣֪ԼƭԼǰͷ
˽ΪƲʲô, ԭȻ۶, Ƕڹˡ
ͻȻʥϣˡ
ҭһ£仯ǧŵڣɡ
ʱ, һϮɫ˽, ʲ, ǶǷǷһֳ
һһۣɫÿʲô
ſ榣˵˵ýˣΪҵģû뵽ֳ㣬ڿķġ
ʱͬ榽ˣеһͷۡ
治ɫ˵òһ򲻺ڳµʱ򣬽úĸݷ𣬾ö֮ˡ
˵õˮ©榶Ҫˡ
һȻˣ߰ɡ
æ˵ӷؼҵġ
̾˵˵˶һˣùҲֳҪûʲô£һ˾ǣʡҺͽ˵ʱﻹɾ
˵ˣҲһģҪǲˣԵСˡ
֪榺̾ôʶģĿǰûٿ˵ԭˡ
վЦеĶ̺˵䣬̸̫ˣҲȥúϢһ°ɡ
Ϣ֣ʵھú
̺ⶼӦˡ
תˣȥ̺⣬ʱȳ˺úܶ࣬ôҲǻµġ
ԸԼѹǿСһһˡ
ǽ뿪˴ûסϵĶƵ˵ȥ
ڵ˶ˢˢع˵ȥ
һç̺⣬ϾǷˣ
.
˷̺ͽ˵סǣԱϣ´μʱѾһñĴ𰸡
³ͬ飬ҲܸлԸǡ
̾˵ǲһϷġ
£мֵ
ˣȥɡ̻˻֣վڴ˴˵̫໰ˣҲǷǷ̤
̺ڲϣ˽ԭڴ͵ͷһƫ˻Ҳࡣ
榿һۣ˵
̺һҹδߣгȴԽ榵ΣǾˣɫƽʱһЩɫףɵһЩƤ
Žһ䵭ģ˵ʲôɻȴҿڡ
ǰͷȻǶԵġ
Ž榵Ļ㿪ˣˣ˵㡭
ƺԤϵҪ˵ʲôˣһ۴Ļٵģұųġ
ûá
̺صһ
̺һ榾üͷʲô
ûʲô̺⳶Цһ£Ϊ촽̫ˣǲ˵Ƥ榿˲ǡ
̺ĿŽ榣˵ˣлл
㲻ͳôʱҾӦȥɽկ·ϰɡ
û̺ɫ˵ĺ
ΪȲѲķӣ˱ѩʵס㡣̺ץס˽榸Ѫյ֣Ͽҵ˵
̺ģٴʱҲòˡ
̾ϢһʲôҪźãʲô˵Ҿʲôæﲻϣʧ
̺˵ǣѽ榵ַڴһ¡
ɫźϥôˣ
̺⣺ûɶ£ȥͿҩͻˡ
˵üΪɣ벻۶Լ֪榱Ǽе㷺ᡣ
Ƶͣ潹ȴ׾Ƽæӭ
ѽεʰᵽԱߣ³ǽ榣æǰȥȴ˵ɻ棬ȥҴկæһ¡
ϲ֣İ̺ˣæȥ
׾һģæǰȥ̺һִֻļϣ
µ˶Χ˹̺˰֣ûأǸø͸ȥ
ЩȻ˿һЩǲ̺ң榸ߣԸ˵ȥ㼦ɡ
Ǻ˾ˡ
ƽｪϲУûˣҶһˣ榲ž˶
ƺܱŽ榾ͱˣȻûʲô飬Ѿ˴ˣҲ̺˼
̺ƫͷ׾һۣ׾ᣬæҡͷ˵û뵽ɩɩܿ
̺üͷһɸֵĿ
˵СƳ䲻Ŀڣɻկûң
̺ĸ˵ǣæвңҵϥǡ
ɶһ£׾˵ϸ㡣
úúá׾µĲӸһЩ
.
̺ϥҩҪԵ̫ˣ˳
˵榵Ѿ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫҩͻûʲôˡ
˴򣬽榻ȥ̺ˣ̺ڴϣЦĿ߽Ľ榡
榿һۣЦʲô
̺˵ҷ˺ÿ̲סЦ
ûģȴǽϵˮ˹Ȼ˴ߡ
ʣĸ
̺⿴һˮιĶԡ
榱һӣӵʱʣǱߣôģ
̺һ£Ҫǡ
榲⣬Ҫǣ
ҲɹˣҪĶӷȥͬˣɳ͢»˭ͬ⣿̺˵ѽιѳԽ
˵̣ǶԼĲΰˡ
榴Щ˵ǲȻǲеģҪգԼȥ˾УܷܲҲͣĲǾܵһ֮ô
Щ̺϶Ҳףֻ˵롣
ȻҪģϾʧˣǱĽıһ϶ǿͷ
ɣҲµġס̺֣Ķ˵
֪Ըһв˵ĳ롣
̺ǵһΰִӽǾ仰榣룬һȫ֮ߡ
ָ˽ü޵£Ȼվ˵ɺú룬ȥҩˡ
ĬĬԡ
榰Ĺ̷ŵϺ˳ȥ˳㽫Ҳˡ
.
ҹˡ
ԺжߺͣŽ榵ĽţظȥƺŮ˲ѵ顣
Ѿûˣֻмں׼ʳģҩǰ׾ﴵһ
Ȼȣҩ
榹ˣվֻ·ϲ˲䣬Ȼɩɩôˣ
ɵҩ˵
׾ͻӦ˵ҩռϣɩɩٵȵȡ
׾Ϊ̺ĵӣͻȻ̺Ĺȥˡ
ǰȥһСʣȻ׾ȥ
׾æƨŲŲµĵӣ뽪榱һЩ롣
ȿȣζɩɩš׾ΪҪš
榾ҡҡͷ˵һЩڶɵĹȥ
׾ʶڽ籡°£ֻýͣүǺ˵̫Ĺȥ
Ϊʲô榲⡣
׾˵ΪүĹȥܡô˵أöүĻ˵ǹȥ䲻㡣
ţȷ̺ǰʶġ
һЩ˵կ֪ϵãЩֵܻᷢģ㲻˵ˣҲʡһֱﲻǣ
׾ֻȥסݺݵҡͷ
榲һ䵭ĮģԹԵ˵կȥЩҲôƽˡ
׾ֱˬҲûʲôСֻۣ֪榲Ϊ̺ˡ
ȥʶү˵ģүͻˡ׾ΪѣѰԽԽˡ
榼鲻Ҳ֪һЩݡ
Ҳѽ˵
׾ۣ˵Ǹǣֱĥˡ
ڶڷϢϥ˹͵͵˵ˣҲͬ˵Ҳ֪榵ģмֺƭ˵ĸо
׾۾գһ£ĺӶܿصĶ˶Ȼ΢΢˽һЩ̽ʣ棿
կҪңҴӲƭ˵ġһЦ
׾һ̯ɩɩʰɣҪʲôС
ǰǲʶңǽ榵ǰĵˡ
׾ϣѽɩɩ㻹ǵʮڹյʱһһΧŹС겻
ŬһδԺѰйؼ䣬һЩźҡҡͷ
׾Ҳʲôͻɫļ˵ȻɩɩȵǸС꣬Ƕүүĸ˫ֳȾ첡Ϊ˰Ḹĸ͸ֳβһȥ˵ڻʱʮؤǮ˵ĸծΧŹˣǸʱ
榲ֲս˺ܶ࣬üۡ
׾ּ˵ؾ뿪˵ңʼȥֱ˲Ļһˮ·ˮûû˸ȥĻ£ͼȥǱ˻ôˣֻһ˻Żˣˮ׼
˵˴׾ޱ̺ģҲǸʱͷֵ̺ܶ⵱ϴ˵ġ
ҲΪҲϾǵôܽѾ³ˣ̲סȥ
׾ֵʳָ˰ڣʮ֣ص˵ֹ
ٶΪ㡣׾˵Ͼģ˵СأŵԣҲٵĲϣȥǸֻ˵ҪһʲôҪᡣ
Ǹʱ߹ݸ漱öүǮݹȥҲ˶үһ
׾һЩϧүˣҪǲȥ͢٣ÿҪɶˣһʼĳ͢ǶܲסĴҲѧҲѧôѹˡ
˵Ȼɣȴһۡ
Ȧ˺죬ǼֻΪ˹⣬û׾
ô͵͵ģʲô
ǰɩɩҪʲô׾ĳúܣԼһһ˳ҹˡ
ҡҡͷվӻһ£Щûס׾æҪȥ榳һǺܺÿЦ¡
˵뿪׾ʶŶĪ˵̫ˡ
.
̺ϥˣҲһìܣ̺ȥƫ˯£榿ſյĴ̡
ЩĵΪ׾Ļٹ鵽ڵ̺ȥֻùһжΪ̺еʹġ
˯ˣһڴϣֽ̺ĹԺһһ֣ϸһֱ̺
ܵ鶼ˣ̺⻹ô

첻榾˴ҹδߣϵĲߣ̺ҹˣȥˮ
Խһ˴ȥǱһȲȥ̺⡣
Ȼ˸յſڣ׾ȴ˳
ǶүǾĲͳѽ׾е㼱ġ
̺ϣҩҲѰ˺ãԼһ·ȻһЩôҪ˲ˡ
ôأ̺ⷴʡ
׾Ժˣü˵ôһֱǣҿɩɩҲĵý
̺ȴĬãȻ˵ȲҪ
׾ԺˣΪɶʲô
ָ˽еĻ
ףûǺһλʧܺǵĺ̺⿴׾۾֣µʡ
׾ΪȻһܺͶүһұȻ޺ˡ
̺̾һϢҲ֪ǱɣıǳҵڻңȻصЩĺڳ´ǲУ׾ǿȢģǣ
׾ҲĬˣ񡭡
˵úе
ɩɩôҲ֪ĺɣ׾ʡ
֪˵¡̺ˣ£ôܲ¡
׾Ƕү˵ɩɩƢִô͵
ߵģҪˣһӵġ̺Цһ£Ȼ˵ȫȴܵķ
ǡʲô׾ҲòǺ¡
Ȼ̺ص˵֣롣
˻һ׾һ˵Ľˣ༸һ˲ͳʹ
үǡⲻǡ׾ʵڲ֪˵ʲôźá
̺һַֻ֪ʽ׵ô
ǣҪô˵׾ˡ
̺Ĭãһûá
ֻһ̣Ƿžͱƿˣ榶һվſڣ˫Ư۾ỨۿһȦ
׾ֱŵôϷ˹ȥæȥҵΣɩɩǡ
û˵꣬榾Ͷ̺۾һһ䣬ʣ̺⣬ҪͬҺô
̺ⲻ˵׾æҲǵĲǵģɩɩ
̺⡣ÿǻ̺֣ҪͬҺ룬ô
̺˹Ž榵۾Ǵѵļһǡ
һֹ̺ģƵ޵ݣƵԺ
л˵
Сìܣ½~~
Ҫˣ



58 ı
榾ôؿ, ǰ׾ÿɫˣܵſ, ˽ȲԺ, ˳Ÿˡ
ʲôﲻôʡ
ǡ̺ҡͷ
̺⡣ֺδյĽй̺, ͽˡ
, , ǲ룿β˵һξӨ͸ᡣ
̺µֺֻݺݵս, ʹüԺ
̺ۣ뿴۾, һ̾ˡ
̺ⲻ榾Ϳ첽ǰߣץ֣˵, ˵Ҫ, Ǿͺ룬ؽҰ棬úõ˵һҪ룬ȻǾͺ룡
̺ýӾǿ, Ҳ߹°, ô˵޷Ķ˺˼
ԽȥʱûҪ˼
榺ۿϥ۵վ𣿡
á榿, ͵׾׾׾
׾¾͹˽, һεĿˡ
ȥɿ, ȴ̺ⷴסˣԸˣˣⲻϣ
ķ֣Լ첽ȥ
׾Ŀ̺⣬̽ȥүȥ𣿡
̺صرһۣȻ˵ȥ
û׾Լж㣬ôԼ·ġ
˸һһǰһĵ˽ǰ
һʱ򣬻ǽ榻ŵʱڻţȴҪ˵顣
С˿˽榴æܽȥϡ
ȽĸӭʱѾˣĸԶԶľӭȥ˵榶ôˣҺ㰢Ԥǵġ
췢жţһҪȥǶˣû뵽Լͻˡ
ȵ˽榸ǰſ榷Ȧίñģһ榶ôˣ
ҡҡͷʣſô
ĸæ˵ŴˣѾˡ
ãŮһ榺˵
ĸ˵ͷÿ·榾̺õķȥˣһһĸߣԶıӰæʽĸʲô¡
ĸૣǵŮҪȥһˡ
.
λںԺ·͵ˣһ·϶ĬĬԣֻק̺Ǳߡ
߽мǺüʮƱİ棬һŵĺȼûȣѾúܺˡ
ׯµĸо
żѵ棬ɿֹȥ̺ⲻΪΪҪڵ롣
ⲻϣġ
˵һʼѾˣܣⱲӶܺ롣
ֻ߶ϣᾡȥý榡
ɽƫƫҪЩڵ롣
̺ⲻ򣬽Ҳ˵ʲô˫ֺʮǰЩƣʮֳϿҵ˵ϵʮߴŮ榰ݼλݼ̣øλ֤
̺һĵҪ룬Ķ˽榵ߣȥ榵֣õƵ˵榣ҪҪ롭
ҴˣҲ롭ˮ˵ÿһֶ۲ѡ
ֻʵûа취ˣұס㡭榣Ҫ룬ˡ޵̫ˣקŽ榵䣬ü˵
һͲΪ˺ģֻ߶ϣһᱣġ̺ⴹͷǼˮ
ʱͻȻ˵ɣһҲΪ˺ġ
仰̺һ㶣ϸһȻ̧ͷ˽榣Ϲˮۿ޵һ
λ֤϶̺Ϊޣһʧţð
¿ǰƣ˫ֺʮ̬ʮֳϿҵ˵
̺׺ݺݵĲһ£ȷŵĿ˿ôƣֻعͷ˿榣ڷӦ˹
ǰôǰ̸飬ŻͷҲûӦ
һѱס˽榣ֿЦģ榣ҾΪĲҪˡ
̧ĸ˳˳ֹסĳʣ̲ס˵ȻãΪλҪ˵Щң
Ͼǰ̺صӵһɿ֣Ȼͣû㣬ֻǾܱס㡭
мֵΡ
кֻܶ࣬һЧİ취˵ҪңҲҪԼ
ɣҪǵã㻹ûٵʱ˭°榼˵
̺صͷһֻ󹷹˫β;Ӧˡ
榽ѵǣҿǷˡ
뽪榲ӦֻߣҲӦҵ
榼˵ΪҾʸݣֻΪʲôΪһֱ̣ǺҲõķˡ
̺ú֣ʶķ榣Ҫ룬ĶС
ЦһǶɣҿ㡣
.
ûڽܾãǺλ˵˴ǰҪ顣
ĸûһСӿԿ޵ôǶ̸һĹˣ̺⻹ڲʱĳҭһ¡
̲סȥοϸڣô
ֳ̺һ£ллҾ̫ˡ
һԵĽȴ̲ס졣
.
˵ìܽˣ̺⵱ϾͺͽһԼ˳
ԼڳǶһ¥ǽ榵һμ̴ģﴩŻһĪУʴȵƳһˣܽ˺󱳷
һɫ£ױҲһЩɫѰмֵʴȸУ榿ʱһ㶣Щȷ̡
̼΢𾪵飬ֻɫĿһۣ˵ô첻Ͳʶˣ
Цһ£úһЩǸ˵ͻˡ
̱Ѱһλ£̺ͽ榶һǰһҲ
ôˣԱߵŮһ裬һڣȻüȥ̺⡣
̺ʵ̫ϲ̵ģǰȥµʱ򣬾;˼׾ٵİ˶ۼһء
ǱŻλصϾǱ濴ô£ǱȻ
㵱ô˴ǣϣܿһĴô̺ȥɫÿ
޼ɵÿһˣҲѽǣ˽
̲ŭЦ
Ǳǲķ󱾹𣿡޳ָ档
򴽲̺˵иõİ취ȴҪһ֣Ϊֻ֪ҪǣˣҾһӦ㣡
ָմһˮȻְˮϣ˵ˡ
Դܻ䣬ֱӾͳˡ
ס̺֣ԼʱҡҡͷȻ̣˵£һǡ
˵ˡ̧̧°͡
ĺӣǡ˶٣㲻˵ˡ
üëһ£мֵĲȥŽ榣ϾǶ֪ǻȥĳ£᲻֪
治ɫ˵ֻеɻ󣬳뿪ʱ̥£ȴǽҪˣƺһꡣ
̻Լǰͽ˵ϾҪˣû뵽Ūɳ׾Ȼýġ
Ȼ뱾̸αعʱô˽£ɫٿرѿ
Ҳ˵Ȼ̸Ӧǡ
̿Ž榣۾ɫǸӣãص̾һȻֻ̧˻ӣе˶˳ȥ
ȷűˣ̲˵ȷǱĺ
̺ͽ˲Լͬ໥һۣȻ¿̣˵ȥ
̴Ǹӣûɡ
ƺĽᣬ˵ʱֻ˺һۣѵϿһǱģ
´͵ˣǸʱ˻ʵۣΪ̫Ӹ̫׹£ĺһˡ˵̲סǷЦһ¡
ԭ̫ӸҲӦλȾزҲȥˣµگ˵̳лλʵڻƣ֪̫Ӹȥĺӣǳ̫Ķӡ˵˴Ŀ˺⡣
榱ѹ̽ʣԳӣ̫ӵġӣ
ǣ̫뱾棬˱Լֻȥĸ鸸ʵȻ̫ȴˣ˻֮УĸѸǰһʥּ˳˵ʹһѾһЩƾ˵ʥּ
̺ȥ˹̯˽ǰβӡ£ȷʵȵ۵ӡ
ʥּݾǣ֪ӣȴֻλڲ֮УʥּҪѻλҪ
榿̣صصһͷ˵ûǱĺ
Ҳʱ򱾹֪Ϊʲôö˶˵ģµʱ򣬺ӾͻȻûˡ
ˣֻ˵ʥּȥֽţ֪ڵ̵ӣѹô̹ȻĽ̻ع
ΪʲôǸʥּ̺ɻʡ
Ų֪ǰڶУΪµһɱ߱˻λʥּᵽĻλ̳Ҳɱˣ޷һֲ̬ĵ֤ˡ
ȥӣĸǰиġ
̺üͷš˴֡
ֻô֤ݣԭǺģ˱ǸʱˣЩ֤û취ģ˵ʥּǼģҲŵùģϾȥ˳ô꣬Ͳʶˡ˵
̺ץص㣬ƫͷȥʽ榣ǰҹ𣿡
榸ɿȥ⣬ڳ¹Ավӣɷġ
ô˵ʵ
º˫˫ʧ裬ǵĵɴ±Ȼδ֪ζᣬڴʱ࣬ԭȵĹġ榽͵
ңʥּѾˣ̫ʵȡΪ䣬ȵΪ˱ܿ䣬ндһϰԡ̯ʥָּġ䡱˵
ϸ̶ֹ̺һͬ˳Žָĵطȥ־һ㡣
㡭ô֪ģЩŵʡ
ȵ۵ıʷս͸ֽʱΪѰȵ۵ļֽ鼣ġȻҲˡĽ͡
˼ĵ˵ͷ
㻹ǵȵ۵̫ô̧ۿʵ
̵˵ͷǳ̫ʵıʼǾʮĸˣѾ֪ȥˣôȥң
ڽ￴ϣ
榱˵£Խȥˡ
̺ǰʱ򣬽ʶ˲ˣҪҵֻ̫ʱѡ
ҿԡѰˣ̺Ϊŵġ
˺󣬹ᵽǸĸһͬϾˣʡ
̵ͷһͬˣ˸סˣıһ֤ˡ
öԡһ£榼˵һιĽӷ磬ǡֹԹһοԽپٰһι磬죬׵ʱ
ƽͷĽ䱸һ̶ʧˣã榵ĳ־̫Ӹ͸ʶľˡ
榣ҿ𣿡˫ݣһһ
榵һͷš

.
̺ⱻ˼Σ̺زδؾԴԵɻؾҲǸӡ
ΪĿĲֶΣһ̺Ĳܻġ
峿첻
ʹ˳Ų˵̬һʥּ̧ͷͦص߽򸮡
³ȴ̺⣬˶ּˡ
´ʥּŽ΢΢˫һɤʣôأأ
榴Ⱦ˷纮Բڴ˳š
´˿˻Ǽˣʹȥ֪ˣ
æ˵Ⱦ缲ᴫȾ˰ʥּá
ǲˣʥ⽻ˣñʹʥּԽСʹ˲˵ӡ
ûа취ֻվ·
һ˱Ժȥ
˺
ȵǰȰ裺ˣʵڲ
ʹһ̧žȥֻ̧ŵֹˡ
Ƚ˷䣬ҲŲ˽
ϣʺ棬ƺһˡ
ʹ̧ȥ
ڴϵ˺ͽһŵʱʹͻȻתѹͽ˵ˣϽӰɣʥǰΪ̽ʵ飬֪ûȥҲڱǰԲѡ
أҪġʹ˺˵
һ㶣û뵽ʹ˾Ըǡ
ˣǲӵģʥϵ˶ǣȥĶǲġ榽˵
ʹ˼üǿǺã
Ըʥǰʵ飬ǾѾܸмˣʣµҲֻˣҲʹ˿ġŲˣһ仰ѡ
ʹû룬ֻζƳ˴ϵһۣȻʥּ˽榣쳶Ӷɤ˳ȥˡ
ǳˣʲôֲôˡװʵ˶Դ˶Ųɡ
ʱһ䣺Ⱦ˵缲ǲǵűǻˡ
һ仰ŵõµ˶Żææ˳ȥ
Ƕ뿪Ժ䣬Ź߹ϵˣɣˡ
̺ƿ˴ÿ첽˽ߣеʣΪҪǣ
ҲüҡҡͷǺġ
ڵߴô꣬Ҳô˵ġһ䡣
̺˵ͷ˽ʥּдʲô
ʥּݸ̺⣬̺̯Ȼͽһ𿴡
޷Ǿע壬Ϊٰһӷ磬ǶҲȥ
Ѿ׼ˡ
̫Ѱˣƫͷȥ̺⡣
̺˵ͷѾҵסˣ׾ȥˡ
ʲôʱܵ榳˼һʡ
̺Ҳϸһ£ȻҡҡͷȷţǱ˵Ѿ̻ˣ̫Ѹߣõġ
΢΢̾һ˵֪ģֻǱ߶̫ЩҲ¿Ϊе㻳ˡ
ôģ̺Ϊ⼸Ķ֪ġ
Źյĺӻ֪Ǹӵ˭ʲôݣҲмֵķ榺̺͵
̺˹˵㲻ҪģѷԸ׾ᾡϻġ
ֻһɫȷû٣һĨɢĳ
̧̺ȥƽü˵Ҫü榡
.
һĵ죬գ˶ȵһͷʱʱ˵ѡ
ԹϡϡĽ˻ʹű飬ÿһǰһ̱顣
ˣҲ԰Ǩ˳¹ڣ¹ϾһƴΰḶ́ǴʱϣǴĲ޿޵ġ
мǴ¶걡ɴŮǹŰ㣬ǡףꡱĹŵ衣
榽촩һ׷ɴȹɴƫһɴͣһɫԵ˲١
ϧҵλþͽһˡ
̺Ĳ˵̺ʵڲϯ
ߵӳȴã̺ˣ̺Ըýһ빬
ʻ˽榣ˣôˣ
ԵüޣһЩĵ˵ɲѾöˣлܴ˹ˡ
һ˵ЩҲԸͬӳɶԡ
л˵
ڸߣһ£һӸӦǽ֣ǵڶ 
ллװ֧֣



59 ֣ᣩ
ӳɿŽ, ôÿƺһָ˵ʣһô, ʹʲôҲ
, ɣ԰㡣ȷŽ¡
˹ȥ, һĨɫĻӳӵĳ, ׹, , ǰ˵˻ܴˣ֪
һ, ȻʣǷҪɺô
ӳ֪ӳ֪Ҫֻ̺ý榵ȥ̺⡣
֪ģ, ʥϸҰ˺ܶ, ҸڲʱѰ㡣ӳɷĵĸ榽͡
ᴽ˵ֻ˵Цһ䣬ܴĪ⡣
˵תͷҲӳɡ
ڿ, ӳɶ˶²֪, ǵӦǽ
ǽҲð죬ԺǱ߲߽׵ľѲ˾Ľͽһ֮
Ѳ˾ǵȻһģȻʶ֪֮, ֪Щ, Ȼ, ǽǱߵ˱ɽѲ˾
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ǰ˶ӣҲ˵ʲô
ֻƫͷӳЦһ£ܴ˵ʱ֪ôġ
˻ӳͷԣҪȥʣɴִˣʵڲΪִˣҲֻա
֧óһЩ֧Ժ󣬸ĹԱǶ̵ˣҲλȥȴ˽һ
榴ۣʱ˳ȥӳɼڿһۺ뿪ˣҲ̲ס̽Ҫȥȴһס䡣
ȥĿ׷Ž榣Ŭİǹ
ӳɱ˻ȥϵֻ֣ȥĶ
һģ̫
輧˳ȥ߽һϷˣҲûϷˣЦźһԵĻ¹˵ҲþûϷˣҲ֪λ䰲ŵġ
Ѱ󳼱ȥģĿ沢ûⳡϷԲ뵽Ӧĳλ󳼱Žȥġ
ǻ¹ҲЦŷеѽһϷء
Цſǡ
ϷһʮˣϷҪģһλźӵиһԶķԼһǵĺӣһӵȾ˷財ˣԼһӸλˣʼĳνӦǸиǸ˺Ⱦ˷財˵ĳ
Ϸʼʱһڣӳӹ˼̳ȨһĻǸӿˣһҡ
زӰиϵ˻̵ĵطȻɱ˳˼̳Ȩһ顣
ȥɱиû뵽иĺûˣվڸλմմϲ
ѾԾˣɫԽԽյÿ졣
ֳӣǷӵĺӣһӿ͵͵λãܻɱԼĺӣȥ֪Ĵȥ
˴һЩѾˣͻȻվȻ͵һŰǰľߵ˲ġ
Ĵžһأͬʱ쳹¹˭ŵģ˭ŵģ
ˣ·һҪѱϷ˶ĭ
ȴ̺ЩϷˣڳе˶ŵĹ˵ϡ
ֳŭ̲ɫĺһڲ裬Ȼʵ
һȻ̬ȣſҪŤ˵ָ㣿
̲˵ȺϷ̧һ°ͣȻҲȥһƽ˵ֳҪϷûꡣ
µѾǸиµ˵Ĺϵˡ
λߴȻʣķǵ̫ӵº̫ǵĶӣи̣ޣسǸӣô
̲Ǵһӻѵûһӣ
һָȺϷˣ˵ӳɣӳɣ
ӳûӦӳɵλÿȥﻹӰ
̲Ϊƽֺһڲ裬˵ֳ滹а볡Ϸܵÿ֪ʲôϷɣ
滹ʲôϷأѾǻʵˣһӦûϷˣĪǡϷ޹أ
ֹô룬ϵĴҲô롣
룬˻˻ȥ
Ȼ˷ת˵ʦǣһܹǶԷ޵ĺʹޣȻǸӽиˣĺԭʦĺӣѴĺӽи
Լһĸȥҷӱ˷ĸԼҲڷˣĸҹϻذ齻ииѪ
ǶԷ޵ĺӸúӽĸףȻ֮ػصļҡ
ϷͽˣȷⳡϷľεˣ̵ĺӾȻ̫ӵĺӣ
ʲôƨͨϷ̣ǲǴĺ޹ȥߵĳȥ
дϷǿˣҲˣȷӦæȰʥϲɰʥϣ
ԱߵĻ¹ҲæȥסʥϢŭҲǹŵϷأ
û̾վҲƽȻòС˵ϷǱŵģˣﻹǷ飬ֳϸݡ
˵һѾһЩ˵ʥּ
Ȼǲģʲô飡ǶǼٵģ
ȴʥּݸһԵĻ¹٣Ȼ۾˵ȻǼٵģֳӦðĲźá
˵˻¹һۣ´һ
¹ٶ߶µ̯ʥּȲݲݵĿһۣ𾪵øϥǶŲסˡ
˻ʵۣگԻǶ޵ĻҲһͬȥ֧ӣ־λڲ֮Уشگ̵ĸ̥Ϊ̫ӣ̫Ӻƣ֮ޣگЧѸ⣬ʹ֪
¹ٻ䣬ý̵ָı˵üʥּޣҪɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ǲǼٵģóӺּ̫Ϳ𣿡źĮ
˻ûӦ⽪ͻȻһͷ˽
Ͼ˭ʶ̫أڳĲٹԱǳ̫ѧ̫ʮ̲סȥ̫̫
̫ͣ˫ҲһЩ軨ˣվͷ̡
̲ס˵ˣôû
̶ԽԽˡ̫۾гһ졣
̸¹ʹһȻ˵Ǽ̫һ֪ʱɱҲ١
չʥּӺǰѾ榽ľˡ
ͷȥּ̲סӯָ̧ɿּ֦֣ȥ
Ǹʵּʱʱұ߹ñܿʵ֣̫ʵ굥ȡ䣬дһϰԣּԣϰȴС
̫Ƶأָβӡ˵ӡҲģ㵱̰棬ӡмˤȱһ飬ϸмצȱһָġ
Щ˵˳ôпŶȣŽҪȥɱ̣Ļ¹Ҳסˡ
̣ҪɱǧټƻعΪ޵λ˻˹ȥ
ߵİͻȻһ͵ͷϵڣһֱۣò˽һʹֱۡ
̫֤ⳡ־磬Ȼĳ˵㸸ʵĳ谮٣㲻ԸѧϰΣɼ㣬ûô㸸ʵľ
㶮ƨСֻǣһĺҵκθܣʲôǶԵģøãȴ˻ȥ
Ӻϧҡҡͷֱ㾹Ȼô㸸ʵģĸһ嵱ͨı˵ҲһͬΪ񣬵ǲ˳͢ô곯͢һֱ㣬㸸ʲ֪Ϊ˶٣ôģ
㶣˫ĿЩͻɢƺȷЩġ
ԲãҪ̫ǱȥǶƭޣǾ޵λ
˰˰ӳɣӦֳɤӺ
ʱ˽ڵʥʥϣ̺һЩ˰ѽˣ˽
йĿ̣㶼ƺ˵ǰɣ̣
˫ĮԴ溰һ
̲Ǻ½˳ôɬۣǰЩôĻ̿֡
͸е࣬ۿԼġĸסĸ˳˵
ȻگĺΪ̫ӣǱĺӣҲǵ̫ӵŹ¡̽©վ
Ȼ̨ףȥʶҪȥȴ̸һ
˵ݼʣ꣡
Χ˺޿˭ң޵ʱһȫң
⻰һԭ˰ѹ˻ȥ
ʱӺʮ̹Ȼ˵˵㲻̶ңҲǹ¼ҹˣҲ±ˡ
˼æȥﺰҪ
һ̣Ӻ˽榵֣ϥŬعȥݼʣꡣ
Ӻ־䶼ġ
榺ͳӺѧҲȥݼʣꡣ
һڳˣȴǶعȥȻͬĺݼʣꡣ
˫ϥһֱֱˤ˵ϣҲýˣͷɢһŤʹš
ҵʱӦɱ㣬ɱ㣡ָʹǻǵĺ졣
̲Ϊ̧ۿһ£ΨΣƽؿ
ֱͦɨһˣȻɤ˵ڰƽ
лʥϡѵڿڣû榹Ź̺⣬̧ͷ̡
ҲܿķӦ˹˵µۼλ翹ߣɱ
榰»ҵģ˳ȥһ·Сȥǽߣƣ̺һ˺ͽɱ
Ѫ̺ų/ǹӲ˱˵˹ſڣһ̴òɣѵصģЩɽկ˵ֲ
һһǹˣӲ˰ʱҲ˲ʣȥҲû̵ô
Զӳһ˸˹ذ̺ǰʮ˵ȥ
ϵӳɣǺԺˣҲӦʥϵţ񾹴Χǡ
Ϊ׵Ǹվ˳ܴˣͬΪʥ£ȴΧǣ֪̺ʥҪɱˣ
ӳɻûü˵һ䣬ת綬ѩһ㺮˳
µλгֽߣɱۡ
榵᲻أȴÿһֶӡǵĶС
һҲظһ·
ͦȵ˹
ˣ˵٣Ͼǻˡ֪ӳɲ˵ּٻسһ󣬽ĳ˵ϡ
״ҲŶ˱ס
һת̺ȥ·ӳɵʱֻ˲˵лл㣬ӳɡ
лĲֹڣнͻȻġʧ
榿һۣһֻŸм֮飬ӳɴ￴ˣڻԺǸŮѾǹȥˡ
һ·СܹȥȻ˽̺⻳̺Ϲˣſ˫ȥӵס˽榣ҧƺһ
ɡÿǻһ
ûˡ̺ı
ӳתŽӵˣİǰģڵӦ
ԭҲɵģֻǿɵǸ˭
һ̣ӳͻȻͻˣеĲʼɡ
Ҳ֣صػһ䣺л榡
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¹ȥˣµǰ˵ǼǴ
ⳤΪ̫ƺǧˡ
̺ΪǰӶƷѲ˾Ʒ
ɱ߱ıãΪѹѺԺԺȺ䡣
گ̺żҪ챻̤ˡ
µĹԱ̽
ѾöûøˣҲиﲻѾˣͷһ컹ãֻ̺ǹţɹһ죬ľòС
û榾ͳ֣쳳źˣϾͳԺҰè̶ȥˡ
ֹ̺˺ȦҲûӵùԺҰèƺ˺Ȧ÷ˣ̺ҹ˵
峿춼û̺ķţ˵˾˺½ʷˡ
̺ûлָһ飬滹û
һ˿˷ţûӰѾ˺ܾˡ
ͬʱ榵ķ䣬΢ĴͻȻȻһߴӰɿأһһݡ
泿¶ĺᳵ·˱ѣȻ󽫽§˻
ġ
ѩ͵÷ںϣܿȫѩɵ㡣
Ȼòһ£ܿӵžˣ첻˵Цġ
üͷȥƿȵţ̺ȴӵøұ
òУԺغ˵㸮Ŀˣ㶼ˣ
̺ߺߵҡҡͷʲôҵĸǵġ
榺úúá
ÿ춼ң˵˻еûô̺Թ
ûۣȵķģȥ̺һ£̺ⲻΪ˵úܡ
ɣôȡȥ
ôȣҲȣС˻ᣬҲô˵һһѹ˽ϡ
榾üæۡ
̺ҲøˣŽ榺ÿ۾˵ҲȣȾѵ·ɡ
Ȼ󲻵Ƚ˵ʲôͶŽ榵ıȥִֻ̧£ͱǵû
ſȥӭϣ̺ǰˡ
۾ǵúо榺Ҫˣ̺ŷŹ
Ľ榵ĴɳƿƵͽ˵㲻ڸ죬ҿˡ

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Ƚʱ̺ѾӰѻõĴϣѾˣӦòûкһʹϵĵѩ㡣
ĻΪһƵΣ
̺ⲻã뵽ͺ̺Żˣô۸Ժٱƭˣ
ȴûطɫѾƽʱˣæ˴ϵʹˤȥ
ƫƫʱСţС㣬үˡ
榵ɴۣôҵģôԳԱװûһ
.
榻·ǿĲȥ˴ã̺ͽһҲ֪ڸʲôɫ裬ֱȻš
ƺڽǰûٵʱ顣
ޱȵ棬˫۾ֵ̺
˹ͼһĿ˿ԣȻװĶԽ˵榶е˰̺ⶼӸϹ˵˺һĻˡ
̺ô˼˵ϴ򸮸ϹģǴϸϹģȻһ϶ûȥ˾ˣ
ŮĴ榴˵
վҲûй㰡£úúĻ죬ȥڸʲô
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ԺҪ˯ˣһݻ̺ȴס֣榣ˣˡ
׼ûһˡ˵Ż˽˵
榱ͷִ̺ȥ
û˵仰ĸʹſڴ˹榶ʲôأ
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͡ģ榳һŵɡ
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ĸһˣϲ˵ʲôȴһĨȰЦ
ˣһ𵽺Ժ߰ɡ˵תԺȥˣ̺æŽҲһһҵĸȥ
ģԺҶ̵øͨ͸һЩ
̧̤Ժһ˱ǵ
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榶С岻ãٲǴģ˵Ϊ˾ļ˲ٵĿࡣĸ̺˵
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ĸּ˵һʼǶڰѽ榽飬ʮġ
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̺Ҳ֪һʼԼ³çһЩ˼ԸͰѽȢ˼ңʱõġ
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ĸ˵ҺôһŮҲûбã榶˵㸸ĸСʱͲˣԺأǵĺˡ
ãллĸ̺ۿ΢榺˵Ѿˣĸ˵һΣһݼ֪Ӻζġ
̲ס޳ˡ
Ҳһĸ˵
̺Ŀڣ
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ʱԸƧΪҲûύʲôѣԺͬѧһˣǶʱ䲡úǴȥСסһʱ䣬Ǳ˵ľɫһЩ
˵˴ĸҲ̺ⰵɫ֪뵽ʲô
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̺æ˵ȥ漸ɣ˳ҲܶС
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